,transcrib]'s note3 ,?is book 0 publi%$ 9 two volumes1 ( :i* ?is is ! fir/4 be5 m>k$ ) und]scores4 ,please see ! end ( ?is ,project = fur!r notes4 ,illu/ration ,sir ,?os4 ,lawr5ce p9xt4 ,w4 ,h4 ,wor?+ton sculpt4 ,h4 ,davy ,engrav$ by p]mission ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,royal ,society f ! orig9al pa9t+4 ,london1 ,publi%$ by ,h5ry ,colburn ,ri*>d ,b5tley #ahca4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,sir ,,humphry ,,davy1 ,,b>t4 ,,ll4,d4 ,,late ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,society1 ,,=eign ,,associate ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,in/itute ,,( ,,france1 c4 c4 c4 ,,by ,,john ,,ayrton ,,p>is1 ,m4,d4 ,,cantab4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,c4 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,college ,,( ,,physicians4 ,,9 ,,two ,,volumes4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,london3 ,,h5ry ,,colburn ,,& ,,ri*>d ,,b5tley1 ,,new ,,burl+ton ,,/reet4 ,,mdcccxxxi4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,samuel ,,b5tley1 ,dorset-/reet1 ,fleet-/reet4 ,,to ,,8 ,,royal ,,highness ,,pr9ce ,,augu/us ,,fr$]ick1 ,,duke ,,( ,,sussex1 ,k4,g4 ,d4,c4,l4 c4 c4 c4 ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,society2 ,,^! ,,memoirs ,,( ,a ,,philosoph] ,,^: ,,spl5did ,,discov]ies ,,illum9$ ,,! ,,age ,,9 ,,:i* ,,he ,,liv$1 ,,adorn$ ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,:i* ,,gave ,,him ,,bir?1 ,,& ,,obta9$ ,,f ,,=eign ,,& ,,ho/ile ,,nations ,,! ,,homage ,,( ,,admiration ,,& ,,! ,,me$ ,,( ,,gratitude1 ,,are1 ,,by ,,! ,,graci\s ,,p]mission ,,( ,,8 ,,royal ,,highness1 ,,d$icat$ ,,) ,,s5tim5ts ,,( ,,pr(\nd ,,respect1 ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,preface4 ,! reflect+ portion ( mank9d has ev] felt desir\s ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! orig91 progress1 habits1 & peculi>ities ( ^? :om ! p[]s ( g5ius may h rais$ above ! plane ( intellectual equality2 b nei!r ! nature ( ! in=mation1 nor ! ext5t ( ! detail t may be necess>y to satisfy s laudable a curiosity1 c ev] be e/imat$ by any common /&>d1 s9ce x is n 9 our nature to contemplate an object ( admiration1 b ) ref]5ce to our own pr$ilections & sympa?ies2 & h5ce e read] w =m a scale = himself1 accord+ to ! degree ( int]e/ he may feel = ! p>ticul> "* "u review4 ,! ,poetical en?usia/1 :o c\ld n suffici5tly express 8 gratitude on be+ told t ,milton wore %oe-buckles1 w\ld v probably n h giv5 'f\r f>?+s1' z ,gray says1 to "k t ! %oes ( ,davy 7 tann$ by cate*u2 & yet if ! relative value ( ?is in=mation 7 fairly e/imat$1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! =m] is a matt] ( b>r5 curiosity1 ! latt]1 a fact ( "s practical utility4 ,9 a ^w1 we v naturally connect ! man ) 8 works1 & we c>e n to ext5d our acqua9tance ) ! "o1 b 9 proportion z we h d]iv$ pleasure f ! o!r4 ,9 l mann]1 v diff]5t e/imates w be =m$ ( ! degree ( praise due to a di/+ui%$ philosoph]1 because ! few :o are deeply imbu$ ) a k ( ! sci5ce he may h adorn$ & enlight5$ mu/ n only appreciate ! value ( 8 lab\rs1 b und]/& ! difficulties :i* oppos$ ! accompli%m5t ( !m1 be=e !y c arrive at a s\nd decision ^u ! "q3 & "h aga9 ! judgm5t ( ! mo/ sci5tific may be un=tunately w>p$2 x may be corrupt$ by secret passions or s9i/] influ5ces2 be di/ort$ by ! prejudices ( education & habit1 or unduly biass$ by inv9cible prepossessions4 ,no man ev] so>$1 l an eagle1 to ! p9nacle ( fame1 )\t excit+ ! envy & p]haps ! hatr$ ( ^? :o c\ld only crawl up half-way2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 :]e no rivalry c exi/1 ! spl5d\r ( su* an asc5t w captivate ! by/&]1 & by excit+ intemp]ate triumph & unqualifi$ admiration1 *ange )\t dim9i%+ ! s\rces ( errone\s judgm5t1 & sub/itute adulation = calumny4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 an allusion ev5 to ! common frailties ( g5ius becomes (f5sive2 ! biograph] is call$ ^u = ! del9eation ( a p]fect man2 b ! _w is satisfi$ ) no?+ %ort ( 'a faultless mon/]2' & yet1 :ile !y w\ld impose ^u him ! same re/ra9t z ,que5 ,elizabe? laid ^u h] arti/--to execute a portrait )\t a s+le %ad[1 !y little imag9e h[ completely !y obscure ! features ( _! idol1 by ! haze ( inc5se 9 :i* !y cont9ually envelope x4 ,^! are evils aga9/ :i* a future hi/orian w n h to cont5d2 = "t tries ! *>act]s ( m51 z ! furnace assays ! quality ( metals1 by dis5gag+ ! impurities1 dissipat+ ! sup]ficial irridesc5ce1 & leav+ ! /]l+ gold bright & pure4 ,nor c ! ext5t ( our obligations to a philosoph] be appreciat$ until "t %all h %[n ! v>i\s important purposes to :i* 8 discov]ies may adm9i/]4 ,! names ( ,may[ & ,hales might h be5 lo/ 9 ! /ream ( discov]y1 _h n ! results ( ,prie/ley & ,lavoisi] %[n ! value & importance ( _! /atical exp]im5ts on ! *emical relations ( air to o!r sub/ances4 ,! discov]ies ( ,dr4 ,black on ! subject ( lat5t heat c\ld nev] h obta9$ t celebrity !y n[ enjoy1 _h n ,mr4 ,watt avail$ himself ( _! application = ! improvem5t ( ! /eam-eng9e2 & ! views ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy respect+ ! true nature ( *lor9e become daily m important f ! discov]y ( new elem5ts ( an analog\s nature4 ,9 future ages1 ! metals ( ! alkalies & e>?s may admit ( applications1 & op5 new av5ues ( k1 ( :i* at pres5t we c =m no idea2 b x is obvi\s t1 9 ! page ( hi/ory1 8 "n w ga!r fame 9 proportion z su* discov]ies unfold !mselves4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 t su* consid]ations may furni% an argum5t aga9/ ! propriety ( writ+ ! life ( a contemporane\s philosoph]2 & yet ,i w nev] admit1 ) ,mr4 ,babbage1 t ! volume ( 8 biography %\ld be seal$1 until ! w>m feel+s ( surviv+ k9dr$ & admir+ fri5ds %all be cold z ! grave1 f :i* remembrance va9ly recalls 8 *]i%$ =m1 inve/$ ) all ! life & en]gy ( rec5t exi/5ce4 ,is x n possible t ! errors ( p>tiality1 :i* h s frequ5tly be5 *>g$ ^u ! writ] on ^! occasions1 may (t5 be ascrib$1 ) great] tru? & ju/ice1 to ! prejudices ( ! read]--t1 aft] all1 ! di/ortion might n h exi/$ 9 ! portrait itself1 b 9 ! optics ( ! obs]v]8 ,su* an op9ion1 h[ev]1 ev5 7 x true1 c>ries along ) x no consolation to ! biograph]2 = ,i "k ( no me?od by :i* ! picture c be adapt$ to ! focus ( e eye4 ,if1 h[ev]1 contemporane\s biography has its difficulties & imp$im5ts1 s has x also its advantages4 ,dr4 ,johnson has rem>k$1 9 8 ,life ( ,addison1 t ,hi/ory may be =m$ f p]man5t monum5ts & records2 b ,lives c only be writt5 f p]sonal k1 :i* is gr[+ e day less1 & 9 a %ort "t is lo/ = ev]4 ,! delicate features ( ! m9d1 ! nice discrim9ations ( "*1 & ! m9ute peculi>ities ( conduct1 are soon oblit]at$4 ,i did n ent] ^u ?is ardu\s & delicate task1 )\t a di/9ct conception ( ! v>i\s difficulties :i* w\ld necess>ily oppose its accompli%m5t4 ,i well knew t ! biograph] ( ,davy mu/ hold himself prep>$ = ! dissatisfaction ( "o p>ty at ! comm5dations he might be/[1 & = ! displeasure ( ! o!r at ! p5ury ( 8 praise1 or ! asp]ity ( 8 criticism4 ,aft] great lab\r & mu* anxiety1 ,i h at l5g? complet$ ! "w2 & 9 giv+ x to ! _w1 ,i %all apply to myself ! words ( ,swift--,i h ! ambition to wi%1 at lea/1 t bo? p>ties may ?9k me 9 ! "r2 b if t is n to be hop$ =1 my next wi% %\ld be1 t bo? might ?9k me 9 ! wrong1 :i* ,i w\ld und]/& z an ample ju/ification ( myself1 & a sure gr\nd to believe t ,i h proce$$1 at lea/1 ) imp>tiality1 & p]haps ev5 ) tru?4 ,x is c]ta9ly due to myself1 & p]haps to ! _w1 to /ate ! circum/ances by :i* ,i 0 induc$ to und]take a "w requir+ = its completion a fre$om f anxiety1 & an ext5t ( rese>*1 sc>cely compatible ) ! occupations ( a labori\s pr(ession2 & :i*1 ,i may add1 has be5 :olly compos$ dur+ night1 9 h\rs /ol5 f sleep4 ,v %ortly aft] ! dea? ( ,sir ,humphry ,davy1 an acc\nt ( 8 life1 writt5 by no fri5dly h&1 nor 'hone/ *ronicl]1' 0 submitt$ = my judgm5t by a ,j\rnali/ :o _h int5d$ to ins]t x 9 8 pap]4 ,at my reque/1 x 0 committ$ to ! flames2 b n until ,i _h promis$ to supply ! loss by ano!r memoir4 ,! sket*es by :i* ,i r$eem$ ?is pl$ge 7 publi%$ 9 a weekly j\rnal--,,! ,,spectator2 & !y h s9ce be5 copi$ into v>i\s o!r works1 sometimes )1 b frequ5tly )\t any ackn[l$gm5t4 ,!y con/itute ! great] "p ( ! ,life :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 ! ,annual ,obitu>y = #ahbi2 & !y =m ! introduction to an edition ( 8 ,la/ ,days1 lately publi%$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,i 0 soon recognis$ z ! writ] ( ^! ,sket*es2 & ! lead+ publi%]s ( ! day urg$ me to und]take a m ext5d$ "w4 ,to ^! solicitations ,i return$ a direct refusal3 ,i ev5 decl9$ ent]+ ^u any conv]sation on ! occasion2 feel+ t ! wi%es ( ,lady ,davy1 at t "t on ! ,cont95t1 ought 9 ! v fir/ in/ance to be consult$ on ! subject4 ,_h n ! common c\rtesy ( society requir$ su* a m>k ( att5tion1 ! wi% express$ by ,sir ,humphry 9 8 ,w w\ld h r5d]$ x an imp]ative duty4 ,on h] arrival 9 ,london1 9 consequ5ce ( a lett] %e _h address$ to ,mr4 ,murray1 ,i reque/$ an int]view ) h] ,lady%ip1 f :om ,i receiv$ n only an unqualifi$ p]mission to become ! biograph] ( h] illu/ri\s husb&1 b also ! sev]al docum5ts :i* are publi%$ ) ackn[l$gem5t 9 ^! memoirs4 ,i /ill felt t ,dr4 ,davy might desire to accompli% ! task ( record+ ! sci5tific s]vices ( 8 di/+ui%$ bro!r2 &1 _h t be5 ! case1 ,i %\ld mo/ und\bt$ly h retir$ )\t ! lea/ hesitation or reluctance2 b ,i 0 assur$ by ^? :o 7 be/ calculat$ to =m an op9ion ^u ?is po9t1--= he 0 himself abs5t f ,engl&1--t motives ( delicacy :i* x 0 easy to appreciate1 w\ld at once lead him to decl9e an und]tak+ emb>rass$ ) s _m p]sonal consid]ations4 ,! task1 h[ev]1 ( collat+ ! v>i\s works ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 & ( enri*+ !m by notes d]iv$ f 8 own k ( ! circum/ances "u :i* !y 7 writt51 ,i d hope w be accompli%$ by "o :o is s well calculat$ to height5 ! int]e/1 & to increase ! value ( lab\rs ( su* inf9ite importance to sci5ce1 & to ! be/ int]e/s ( mank9d4 ,! engrav+ :i* adorns ! volume is f a pa9t+ by ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce1 pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society by ,lady ,davy2 & ,i beg ! ,c\ncil ( t le>n$ body to accept my ?anks = ! p]mission !y s readily grant$ = its be+ engrav$4 ,x is "o ( ! happie/ ef=ts ( ! di/+ui%$ ,arti/1 & is ! only portrait ,i h se5 9 :i* 8 features are happily animat$ ) ! expression ( ! poet1 & ^: eye is b5t to pursue ! flights ( 8 imag9ation ?r\gh unexplor$ regions4 ,i mu/ also embrace ?is opportunity ( publicly express+ my ?anks to ! ,manag]s ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 :o1 9 ! mo/ h&some mann]1 imm$iately compli$ ) my reque/ to inspect _! ,j\rnals1 & to make su* extracts f !m1 z ,i might consid] necess>y = ! completion ( my memoirs4 ,to ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 ,i am "u obligations :i* x is difficult = me to ackn[l$ge 9 adequate t]ms1 n only = ! value ( ! mat]ials ) :i* he has furni%$ me1 b = ! k9dness & urbanity ) :i* !y 7 communicat$1 & = ! ready & p[]ful assi/ance :i* ,i h s con/antly receiv$ f him dur+ ! progress ( ! "w4 ,to ! o!r enlight5$ individuals f :om ,i h receiv$ support1 ,i h ackn[l$g$ my obligations 9 ! body ( ! "w2 & %\ld ,i h inadv]t5tly pass$ ov] any s]vice )\t a becom+ notice1 ,i tru/ ! ext5t ( ! lab\r & ! circum/ances "u :i* x has be5 p]=m$1 w plead my apology4 ,dov] ,/reet1 ,janu>y #a1 #ahca4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,bir? & family ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy4--,davy plac$ at a prep>atory s*ool4--,8 peculi>ities :5 a boy4--,anecdotes4--,he is admitt$ into ! gramm>-s*ool at ,p5zance4--,f9i%es 8 education "u ,dr4 ,c>dew at ,truro4--,dea? ( 8 fa!r4--,he is appr5tic$ by 8 "m to ,mr4 ,john ,b+ham ,borlase1 a surgeon & apo!c>y4--,he ent]s ^u ! /udy ( ,*emi/ry1 & devotes m "t to ,philosophy ?an to ,physic4--,! influ5ce ( e>ly impressions illu/rat$4--,8 poetical tal5t4--,specim5s ( 8 v]sification4--,an ,epic ,poem compos$ by him at ! age ( twelve ye>s4--,8 fir/ orig9al exp]im5t 9 *emi/ry4--,he conceives a new !ory ( heat & light4--,8 +5i\s exp]im5t to demon/rate its tru?4--,he becomes kn[n to ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 ! f\nd] ( 8 future =tunes4--,mr4 ,gregory ,watt arrives at ,p5zance1 & lodges 9 ! h\se ( ,mrs4 ,davy4--,! visit ( ,dr4 ,b$does & ,pr(essor ,hail/one to ,cornwall4--,! correspond5ce betwe5 ,dr4 ,b$does & ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 relative to ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution at ,bri/ol1 & ! propos$ appo9tm5t ( ,davy4--,8 f9al dep>ture f 8 native t[n ,page #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,cursory ?\ghts on ! advantages ( ,biography4--,plan & objects ( ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution4--,davy contracts fri5d%ips dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,bri/ol4--,8 fir/ visit to ,london4--,8 ,lett]s to ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t4--,! publication ( ! ,we/ ,c\ntry ,contributions1 by ,dr4 ,b$does4--,davy's ,essays on ,heat1 ,light1 & ,respiration4--,8 int]e/+ exp]im5ts on bonnet canes4--,he comm5ces an enquiry into ! nature ( nitr\s oxyd4--,he publi%es 8 *emical rese>*es4--,a critical exam9ation ( ! "w4--,te/imony ( ,tob91 ,clayfield1 ,s\!y1 & o!rs1 respect+ ! p[]s ( nitr\s oxyd4--,davy brea!s c>burett$ hydrog5 gas1 & ne>ly p]i%es f its effects4--,8 new ,galvanic exp]im5ts communicat$ 9 a ,lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t #ef ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,c\nt ,rum=d negotiates ) ,mr4 ,und]wood on ! subject ( ,davy's appo9tm5t to ! ,royal ,in/itution4--,t]ms ( 8 engagem5t communicat$ 9 a lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t4--,davy arrives1 & takes possession ( 8 ap>tm5ts4--,he receives v>i\s mortifications4--,he is elect$ a memb] ( ! ,tepid>ian ,society4--,is appo9t$ ,lectur] in/ead ( assi/ant4--,he makes a t\r 9 ,cornwall ) ,mr4 ,und]wood4--,anecdotes4--,8 ,poem on ,sp9osism4--,8 lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 communicat+ a galvanic discov]y4--,he comm5ces 8 fir/ gr& c\rse ( lectures4--,8 brilliant success4--,a lett] f ,mr4 ,purkis4--,davy's /yle criticis$4--,8 extraord9>y me?od ( exp]im5t+4--,davy & ,wolla/on comp>$ z exp]im5tali/s4--,! /yle ( ,davy z a lectur] & a writ] contra/$ #aad ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,davy makes a t\r ) ,mr4 ,purkis ?r\gh ,wales4--,beautiful ph5om5on obs]v$ f ! summit ( ,arran ,b5llyn4--,lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t4--,j\rnal ( ! ,in/itution4--,davy's pap]s on ,eudiometry1 & o!r subjects4--,8 fir/ communication to ! ,royal ,society1 on a new galvanic pile4--,he is propos$ z a ,fell[1 & elect$ into ! ,society4--,8 pap] on a/r+5t vegetable sub/ances1 & on _! op]ation 9 tann+ lea!r4--,8 lett] to ,mr4 ,poole4--,he is appo9t$ ,*emical ,lectur] to ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture4--,he =ms fri5d%ips ) ! ,duke ( ,b$=d1 ,mr4 ,coke1 & _m o!r celebrat$ agriculturi/s4--,att5ds ! %eep-%e>+ at ,holkham & ,woburn4--,composes a ,prologue to ,! ,honey-,moon #aej ,,*apt] ,v4 ,sir ,?omas ,b]n>d allots ,davy a piece ( gr\nd = ,agricultural ,exp]im5ts4--,hi/ory ( ! ,orig9 ( ! ,royal ,in/itution4--,its e>ly lab\rs4--,davy's ,lett]s to ,mr4 ,gilb]t & to ,mr4 ,poole4--,dea? ( ,mr4 ,gregory ,watt4--,davy's ,passion = ,fi%+1 ) ,anecdotes4--,he makes a ,t\r 9 ,irel&3 8 ,lett]s on ! subject4--,8 ,pap] on ! ,analysis ( ! ,wavellite4--,8 ,memoirs on a new me?od ( analys+ ,m9]als :i* conta9 a fix$ ,alkali4--,reflections on ! discov]y ( ,galvanic ,electricity #ahh ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,galvanism divid$ into six gr& ,epo*s4--,davy ext5ds ! exp]im5t ( ,ni*olson & ,c>lisle4--,8 ,pile ( "o metal & two fluids4--,dr4 ,wolla/on advocates ! doctr9e ( oxidation be+ ! prim>y cause ( ,voltaic ,ph5om5a4--,davy's modification ( t !ory4--,8 ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjf4--;,he discov]s ! s\rces ( ! acid & alkal9e matt] elim9at$ f wat] by ,voltaic action4--,on ! nature ( ,electrical decomposition & transf]4--,on ! relations betwe5 ! ,electrical en]gies ( bodies1 & _! ,*emical aff9ities4--,g5]al developem5t ( ! ,electro-*emical ,laws4--,illu/rations1 ,applications1 & ,conclusions #baf ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! unfair rivalry ( ,philosoph]s4--,bonap>te ! ,patron ( ,sci5ce--,he lib]ates ,dolomieu4--,he f\nds a ,prize = ! enc\ragem5t ( ,electric rese>*es4--,8 lett] to ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior4--,proce$+s ( ! ,in/itute4--,! ,prize is conf]r$ on ,davy4--,! ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjg4--,! ,decomposition ( ! ,fix$ ,alkalies--,potassium--,sodium4--,! ,que/ions to :i* ! discov]y gave rise4--,int]e/+ ,extracts f ! ,manuscript notes ( ! ,laboratory4--,pota% decompos$ by a *emical process4--,lett]s to ,*ildr51 & ,pepys4--,! true nature ( ,pota% discov]$4--,:e!r ,ammonia conta9s oxyg54--,davy's sev]e ,illness4--,he recov]s & resumes 8 lab\rs4--,8 ,fi%+ ,co/ume4--,he decomposes ! ,e>?s4--,important views to :i* ! discov]y has l$ #bec ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,davy's ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjh4--,results obta9$ f ! mutual action ( ,potassium & ,ammonia ^u ea* o!r4--,8 belief t he _h decompos$ ,nitrog54--,he discov]s ,tellurett$ ,hydrog54--,:e!r ,sulphur1 ,phosphorus1 & ,c>bon may n conta9 ,hydrog54--,he decomposes ,boracic acid4--,boron4--,8 fallacies ) reg>d to ! composition ( ,muriatic acid4--,a spl5did ,voltaic batt]y is con/ruct$ at ! ,in/itution by subscription4--,davy asc]ta9s ! true nature ( ! ,muriatic & ,oxymuriatic ,acids4--,important *emical analogies to :i* ! discov]y gave orig94--,eu*lor9e4--,*lorides4--,he deliv]s ,lectures be=e ! ,dubl9 ,society4--,he receives ! ,honor>y ,degree ( ,,ll4,d4 f ! ,provo/ & ,fell[s ( ,tr9ity ,college4--,he und]takes to v5tilate ! ,h\se ( ,lords4--,! ,reg5t conf]s ^u him ! hon\r ( ,knigh?ood4--,he deliv]s 8 f>ewell ,lecture4--,engages 9 a ,gunp[d] manufactory4--,8 m>riage #cjg ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,davy's ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy exam9$4--,8 ,memoir on "s comb9ations ( ,phosphorus & ,sulphur1 c4--,he discov]s ,hydro-phosphoric gas4--,important ,illu/rations ( ! ,!ory ( ,def9ite ,proportionals4--,bodies precipitat$ f wat] are ,hydrats4--,8 lett] to ,sir ,joseph ,banks on a new detonat+ comp\nd4--,he is injur$ 9 ! eye by its explosion4--,8 second lett] on ! subject4--,8 pap] on ! ,sub/ances produc$ 9 diff]5t ,*emical processes on ,fluor ,sp>4--,8 "w on ,agricultural ,*emi/ry #ceh ,octr4 #ai? ,:5 ,pota% 0 introduc$ into a tube hav+ a plat9a wire atta*$ to x s fix$ into ! tube s z to be a conductor ie4 s z to conta9 j wat] en\gh ?\gh solid-- ins]t$ ov] m]cury1 :5 ! ,plat9a 0 made neg--,no gas 0 =m$ ! m]cury became oxydat$-- a small quantity ( ! a?aly] 0 produc$ ar\nd ! plat3 wire z 0 evid5t f its gassy alt]ation by ! action ( wat] --,:5 ! m]cury 0 made ! neg3 gas 0 develop$ 9 great quantities f ! pos3 wire1 "s f ! neg m]cury ?is gas prov$ to be pure8 oxyg5e ,capil ,expr4-- prov+ ! decompr ( ,pota% ,london1 ,publi%$ by ,h5ry ,colburn ,ri*>d ,b5tley #ahca ,illu/ration ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,sir ,,humphry ,,davy1 ,,b>t4 c4 c4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,bir? & family ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy4--,davy plac$ at a prep>atory s*ool4--,8 peculi>ities :5 a boy4--,anecdotes4--,he is admitt$ into ! gramm>-s*ool at ,p5zance4--,f9i%es 8 education "u ,dr4 ,c>dew at ,truro4--,dea? ( 8 fa!r4--,he is appr5tic$ by 8 "m to ,mr4 ,john ,b+ham ,borlase1 a surgeon & apo!c>y4--,he ent]s ^u ! /udy ( ,*emi/ry1 & devotes m "t to ,philosophy ?an to ,physic4--,! influ5ce ( e>ly impressions illu/rat$4--,8 poetical tal5t4--,specim5s ( 8 v]sification4--,an ,epic ,poem compos$ by him at ! age ( twelve ye>s4--,8 fir/ orig9al exp]im5t 9 *emi/ry4--,he conceives a new !ory ( heat & light4--,8 +5i\s exp]im5t to demon/rate its tru?4--,he becomes kn[n to ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 ! f\nd] ( 8 future =tunes4--,mr4 ,gregory ,watt arrives at ,p5zance1 & lodges 9 ! h\se ( ,mrs4 ,davy4--,! visit ( ,dr4 ,b$does & ,pr(essor ,hail/one to ,cornwall4--,! correspond5ce betwe5 ,dr4 ,b$does & ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 relative to ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution at ,bri/ol1 & ! propos$ appo9tm5t ( ,davy4--,8 f9al dep>ture f 8 native t[n4 ,humphry ,davy 0 born at ,p5zance1 9 ,cornwall1 on ! #ag? ( ,decemb] #aggh4a ,8 ance/ors _h long possess$ a small e/ate at ,v>fell1 9 ! p>i% ( ,ludgvan1 9 ! ,m\nt's ,bay1 on :i* !y resid$3 ?is appe>s f tablets 9 ! *ur*1 "o ( :i* be>s a date z f> back z #afce4 ,we are1 h[ev]1 unable to asc5d high] 9 ! p$igree ?an to 8 pat]nal gr&fa!r1 :o seems to h be5 a build] ( consid]able repute 9 ! we/ ( ,cornwall1 & is said to h plann$ & erect$ ! mansion ( ,trelissick1 ne> ,truro1 at pres5t ! prop]ty & resid5ce ( ,?omas ,daniel1 ,esq4 #a ,i h be5 fav\r$ by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,val4 ,le ,grice1 ( ,tr]eiffe1 ) ! foll[+ extract f ! ,p>i% ,regi/]1 kept at ,madron3--,humphry ,davy1 son ( ,rob]t ,davy1 baptiz$ at ,p5zance1 ,janu>y #bb1 #aggi4 ,! h\se 9 :i* he 0 born has be5 pull$ d[n & lately rebuilt4 ,8 son1 ! p>5t ( ! illu/ri\s subject ( our hi/ory1 0 s5t to ,london1 & appr5tic$ to a c>v] 9 wood1 b1 on ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 :o1 al?\gh orig9ally a y\ng] son1 _h latt]ly become ! repres5tative ( ! family1 he f\nd himself 9 ! possession ( a patrimony amply compet5t = ! supply ( 8 limit$ desires1 & !re=e pursu$ 8 art r z an object ( amusem5t ?an "o ( necessity3 9 ! t[n & neighb\rhood ( ,p5zance1 h[ev]1 !re rema9 _m specim5s ( 8 skill2 & ,i h myself se5 sev]al *imney-pieces curi\sly embelli%$ by 8 *isel4#b #b ,soon aft] ! days ( ,gibbons1 ! art ( ornam5tal c>v+ 9 wood began to decay1 & x may n[ be consid]$ z ne>ly lo/4 ,its decl9e may be attribut$ to two causes4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 to ! *ange ( ta/e 9 fitt+ up ! int]ior ( our mansions2 & 9 ! next1 to ! introduction ( composition = ! enri*m5t ( picture-frames & o!r objects ( ornam5t4 ,rob]t ,davy1 says a correspond5t1 has be5 consid]$ 9 ?is neighb\rhood z ! ,,la/ ,,( ,,! ,,c>v]s1 & f 8 small size1 0 g5]ally call$ ,! little ,c>v]4 ,i am n able to discov] t he 0 rem>kable = any peculi>ity ( intellect2 he pass$ ?r\gh life )\t bu/le1 & quitt$ x ) ! usual regrets ( fri5ds & relatives4 ,! habits1 h[ev]1 g5]ally imput$ to him 7 c]ta9ly n su* z w\ld h induc$ u to anticipate a high degree ( /ead9ess 9 ! son4 ,8 wife1 ^: maid5 "n 0 ,grace ,millett1 0 rem>kable = ! placidity ( h] temp]1 & = ! amiable & b5evol5t t5d5cy ( h] disposition3 %e _h be5 adopt$ & br\ght up1 toge!r ) h] two si/]s1 "u circum/ances ( affect+ int]e/1 by ,mr4 ,john ,tonk91 an em95t surgeon & apo!c>y 9 ,p5zance2 a p]son ( v consid]able natural end[m5ts1 & ^: ,socratic say+s are1 to ?is day1 prov]bial ) _m ( ! old] inhabitants4 ,to )hold a n>rative ( ! circum/ances t l$ ,mr4 ,tonk9 to ! adoption ( ^! orphan *ildr51 w\ld be a species ( hi/orical fraud & lit]>y inju/ice1 by :i* ! _w w\ld n only lose "o ( ^? bright examples ( pure & dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce1 :i* *e] ! he>t & ornam5t our nature1 b ! m$ical pr(ession w\ld be depriv$ ( an additional claim to t public v5]ation & reg>d1 to :i* ! k9d sympa?y ( its pr(essors has s univ]sally entitl$ x4 ,! p>5ts ( ^! *ildr51 hav+ be5 attack$ by a fatal fev]1 expir$ )9 a few h\rs ( ea* o!r3 ! dy+ agonies ( ! surviv+ "m 7 %>p5$ by h] reflect+ on ! =lorn condition 9 :i* h] *ildr5 w\ld be left2 =1 al?\gh ! ,milletts 7 orig9ally ari/ocratic & weal?y1 ! prop]ty _h und]gone s _m subdivisions1 z to h left b a v sl5d] provision = ! memb] ( ! family to :om %e _h unit$ h]self4 ,! affect+ appeal :i* ,mrs4 ,millett is said to h address$ to h] sympa?is+ fri5d1 & m$ical att5dant1 0 n made 9 va93 on h] decease1 ,mr4 ,tonk9 imm$iately remov$ ! ?ree *ildr5 to 8 own h\se1 & !y cont9u$ "u ! gu>dian%ip ( _! k9d b5efactor1 until ea*1 9 succession1 f\nd a home by m>riage4 ,! elde/ si/]1 ,jane1 0 m>ri$ to ,h5ry ,sampson1 a respectable wat*mak] at ,p5zance2 ! y\nge/1 ,elizabe?1 to h] c\s91 ,leon>d ,millett ( ,m>azion2 nei!r ( :om _h any family4 ,! second si/]1 ,grace1 0 m>ri$ to ,rob]t ,davy1 f :i* union sprang five *ildr51 two boys & ?ree girls1 ! elde/ be+ ,humphry1 ! subject ( our memoir1 & ! second son1 ,john1 n[ ,dr4 ,davy1 a ,surgeon to ! ,=ces1 & a g5tleman di/+ui%$ by sev]al pap]s 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions4 ,humphry ,davy 0 nurs$ by 8 "m1 & pass$ 8 infancy ) 8 p>5ts2#c b 8 *ildhood1 aft] !y _h remov$ f ,p5zance to reside on _! e/ate at ,v>fell1 0 sp5t p>tly ) !m & p>tly ) ,mr4 ,john ,tonk91 :o ext5d$ 8 dis9t]e/$ k9dness f ! "m to all h] *ildr51 b m especially to ,humphry1 :o is said1 :5 a *ild1 to h exhibit$ p[]s ( m9d sup]ior to 8 ye>s4 ,i h sp>$ no pa9s 9 collect+ mat]ials = ! illu/ration ( ! e>li] p]iods ( 8 hi/ory2 z1 to e/imate ! magnitude ( an object1 we mu/ measure ! base ) accuracy1 9 ord] to compreh5d ! elevation ( its summit4 #c ,= ^! mat]ials ,i ackn[l$ge myself indebt$ to ,dr4 ,p5neck ( ,p5zance1 & to ,mrs4 ,millett1 ,sir ,h4 ,davy's si/]4 ,! facts 7 communicat$ 9 lett]s to ,lady ,davy1 by :om !y 7 k9dly plac$ at my disposal4 ,he 0 fir/ plac$ at a prep>atory sem9>y kept by a ,mr4 ,bu%ell1 :o 0 s /ruck ) ! progress he made1 t he urg$ 8 fa!r to remove him to a sup]ior s*ool4 ,x is a fact wor?y1 p]haps1 ( be+ record$1 t he w\ld at ! age ( ab\t five ye>s turn ov] ! pages ( a book z rapidly z if he 7 m]ely engag$ 9 c\nt+ ! numb] ( leaves1 or 9 hunt+ aft] pictures2 & yet1 on be+ que/ion$1 he c\ld g5]ally give a v satisfactory acc\nt ( ! cont5ts4 ,i h be5 in=m$ by ,lady ,davy t ! same faculty 0 reta9$ by him ?r\gh life1 & t %e has (t5 be5 a/oni%$1 beyond ! p[] ( expression1 at ! rapidity ) :i* he read a "w1 & ! accuracy ) :i* he rememb]$ x4 ,mr4 ,*ildr5 has also communicat$ to me an anecdote1 :i* may be relat$ 9 illu/ration ( ! same quality4 ,%ortly aft] ,dr4 ,murray _h publi%$ 8 sy/em ( *emi/ry1 ,davy accompani$ ,mr4 ,*ildr5 9 an excursion to ,tonbridge1 & ! new "w 0 plac$ 9 ! c>riage4 ,dur+ ! occasional int]vals 9 :i* _! conv]sation 0 susp5d$1 ,davy 0 se5 turn+ ov] ! leaves ( ! book1 b 8 companion did n believe x possible t he c\ld h made himself acqua9t$ ) any "p ( its cont5ts1 until at ! close ( ! j\rney he surpris$ him ) a critical op9ion ( its m]its4 ,! book t engag$ 8 e>lie/ att5tion 0 ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 a production well calculat$1 f ! exub]ance ( its inv5tion1 & ! ri* col\r+ ( its fancy1 = seiz+ ^u ! ard5t imag9ation ( y\?4 ,?is pleas+ "w1 x w be rememb]$1 0 ! e>ly & especial fav\rite ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 :o nev] allud$ to x b ) feel+s ( ! mo/ lively delight4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 he comm5c$ read+ hi/ory1 p>ticul>ly t ( ,engl&2 & at ! age ( eight ye>s he w\ld1 z if impress$ ) ! p[]s ( oratory1 collect toge!r a numb] ( boys 9 a circle1 & m\nt+ a c>t or c>riage t might be /&+ be=e ! inn ne> ,mr4 ,tonk9's h\se1 h>angue !m on diff]5t subjects1 & (f] su* comm5ts z 8 own ideas might sugge/4 ,he 01 moreov]1 at ?is age1 a great lov] ( ! m>vell\s1 & amus$ himself & 8 s*oolfell[s by compos+ /ories ( romance & tales ( *ivalry1 ) all ! flu5cy ( an ,italian improvisatore2 & joyfully w\ld he h issu$ =?1 arm$ cap--pi1 9 se>* ( adv5tures1 & to free ! _w ( dragons & giants4 ,9 ?is e>ly fondness = fiction1 & 9 ! habit ( ex]cis+ 8 +5uity 9 creat+ imag]y = ! gratification ( 8 fancy1 ,davy & ,sir ,walt] ,scott greatly resembl$ ea* o!r4 ,! ,au?or ( ,wav]ley1 9 8 g5]al preface to ! late edition ( 8 novels1 has giv5 u ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is tal5t4 ,i mu/ ref] to a v e>ly p]iod ( my life1 7 ,i to po9t out my fir/ a*ievem5t z a tale-tell]2 b ,i believe mo/ ( my old s*oolfell[s c /ill be> witness t ,i _h a di/+ui%$ "* = t tal5t1 at a "t :5 ! applause ( my companions 0 my recomp5se = ! disgraces & puni%m5ts :i* ! future romance-writ] incurr$ = be+ idle himself1 & keep+ o!rs idle1 dur+ h\rs t %\ld h be5 employ$ on our tasks4 ,_h n ,davy's tal5ts be5 div]t$ into o!r *annels1 :o c say t we might n h receiv$ f 8 inv5tive p5 a s]ies ( romantic tales1 z beautifully illu/rative ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( 8 native c\ntry z are ! ,wav]ley ,novels ( t ( ,scotl&8 = ,cornwall is by no means defici5t 9 elf9 sprites & busy piskeys2 ! invocation is alone requir$ to summon !m f _! d>k recesses & my/ic abodes4 ,davy 0 also 9 ! frequ5t habit ( writ+ v]ses & ballads2 ( mak+ fireworks1 & ( prep>+ a p>ticul> detonat+ composition1 to :i* he gave ! "n ( ,?und]-p[d]1 & :i* he w\ld explode on a /one to ! great wond] & delight ( 8 "y playfell[s4 ,ano!r ( 8 fav\rite amusem5ts may also be record$ 9 ?is place2 =1 h[ev] trifl+ 9 itself ! incid5t may appe>1 to ! biograph] x is full ( int]e/1 z t5d+ to %[ ! e>ly exi/5ce ( t passion = exp]im5t1 :i* aft]w>ds rose s nobly 9 its aims & objects1 z ! m9d exp&$ ) ! advancem5t ( 8 ye>s4 ,x consi/$ 9 scoop+ out ! inside ( a turnip1 plac+ a light$ c&le 9 ! cavity1 & !n exhibit+ x z a lamp2 by ! aid ( :i* he w\ld melt fragm5ts ( t91 obta9$ f ! metallic blocks :i* commonly lie ab\t ! /reets ( a co9age t[n1 & dem& f 8 companions a c]ta9 numb] ( p9s = ! privilege ( witness+ ! op]ation4 ,at an e>ly age1 b ,i am unable to asc]ta9 ! exact p]iod1 he 0 plac$ at ! ,gramm>-,s*ool 9 ,p5zance1 "u ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,coryton2 & :il/ 8 fa!r resid$ at ,v>fell1 he liv$ ) ,mr4 ,tonk91 except dur+ ! holidays1 :i* he always sp5t ) 8 p>5ts4 ,he 0 extremely fond ( fi%+2 & ,i h be5 lately in=m$ by "o ( 8 e>lie/ companions1 t :5 v "y he greatly excell$ 9 t art4 ,i h kn[n him1 says my correspond5t1 cat* grey-mullet at ,p5zance ,pi]1 :5 none ( u c\ld succe$4 ,! mullet is a v difficult fi% to hook1 on acc\nt ( ! dim9utive size ( its m\?2 b ,davy adopt$ a plan ( 8 own contrivance4 ,obs]v+ t !y always swam 9 %oals1 he atta*$ a succession ( pil*>ds to a /r+1 rea*+ f ! surface to ! bottom ( ! sea1 & :ile 8 prey 7 swimm+ ar\nd ! bait1 he w\ld by a sudd5 movem5t ( ! /r+ entangle sev]al ( !m on ! hooks1 & ?us dext]\sly capture !m4 ,z soon z he became old en\gh to c>ry a gun1 a portion ( 8 leisure h\rs 0 pass$ 9 ! recreation ( %oot+2 a pursuit :i* also enabl$ him to =m a collection ( ! r>e birds :i* occasionally frequ5t$ ! neighb\rhood1 & :i* he is said to h /uff$ ) m ?an ord9>y skill4 ,:5 at home1 he frequ5tly amus$ himself ) read+ & sket*+1 & sometimes ) c>icatur+ any ?+ :i* /ruck 8 fancy2 on "s occasions he w\ld %ut himself up 9 8 room1 arrange ! *airs1 & lecture to !m by ! h\r toge!r4 ,i h be5 in=m$ by "o ( 8 s*oolfell[s1 a g5tleman n[ highly di/+ui%$ = 8 lit]>y atta9m5ts1 t1 9 addition to ! amusem5ts already notic$1 he 0 v fond ( play+ at ,t\rnam5t1 fabricat+ %ields & visors ( pa/ebo>d1 & lances ( wood1 to :i* he gave ! appe>ance ( /eel by means ( black-lead4 ,?us equipp$1 ! juv5ile combatants1 l ,ascanius & ! ,trojan y\?s ( classic recollection1 w\ld tilt at ea* o!r1 & p]=m a v>iety ( w>like evolutions4 ,by ?is anecdote we are =cibly rem9d$ ( ! e>ly ta/e ( ,sir ,william ,jones1 :o1 :5 a boy at ,h>r[ ,s*ool1 inv5t$ a political play1 9 :i* ,william ,b5net1 ,bi%op ( ,cloyne1 & ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,p>r1 7 8 pr9cipal associates4 ,!y divid$ ! fields 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,h>r[1 accord+ to a map ( ,greece1 into /ates & k+doms2 ea* fix$ ^u "o z 8 dom9ion1 & assum$ an anci5t "n4 ,"s ( _! s*oolfell[s cons5t$ to be /yl$ ,b>b>ians1 :o 7 to invade _! t]ritories & attack _! hillocks1 :i* !y d5om9at$ =tresses4#d #d ,life ( ,sir ,william ,jones1 by ,"l ,teignm\?4 ,on "o occasion1 ,davy got up a ,pantomime2 & ,i h v unexpect$ly obta9$ a fly-leaf1 torn out ( a ,s*revelius' ,lexicon1 on :i* ! ,dramatis ,p]son1 z well z ! names ( ! "y actors1 7 regi/]$1 z orig9ally ca/4 ,?is docum5t appe>s s int]e/+1 t ,i h ?\ght x "r to place x on record4 ,fa!r ,cunnack4 ,h>lequ9 ,davy4 ,cl[n 4444#e ,columb9e ,hi*5s4 ,cupid ,veale4 ,=tuna ,scobell4 ,b5 ,billy ,giddy4 ,nurse ,robyns4 ,macc>oni ,d5nis4 #e ,"h1 z ,mrs4 ,ratcliffe w\ld say1 ! ,leg5d is s effac$ by damp & "t1 z to be :olly illegible4 ,! p]=m]s1 :o1 ,i believe1 ) "o exception1 are all liv+1 w p]haps f9d "s amusem5t 9 exam9+ h[ f> _! future *>act]s 7 %ad[$ =? on ?is occasion4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,i feel confid5t t !y w receive no small gratification at hav+ _! recollections ?us c>ri$ back to ! joy\s sc5es ( boyhood1 connect$ z !y always are1 & mu/ ev] be1 ) ! mo/ delightful associations ( our lives4 ,f ,p5zance s*ool he w5t to ,truro1 9 ! ye> #agic1 & f9i%$ 8 education "u ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,c>dew1 a g5tleman :o is di/+ui%$ by ! numb] ( em95t s*ol>s ) :i* he has grac$ 8 c\ntry4 ,t he 0 quick & indu/ri\s 9 8 s*ool ex]cises1 may be inf]r$ f an anecdote relat$ by 8 si/]1 t on be+ remov$ to ,truro1 ,dr4 ,c>dew f\nd him v defici5t 9 ! qualifications = ! ,class ( 8 age1 b on obs]v+ ! quickness ( 8 tal5ts1 & 8 aptitude = le>n+1 he did n place him 9 a l[] =m1 tell+ him t by indu/ry & att5tion he tru/$ he might be entitl$ to keep ! place assign$ to him2 :i*1 8 si/] says1 he did1 to ! entire satisfaction ( 8 ma/]4 ,x is v natural t an anecdote s gratify+ to ! family %\ld h be5 deeply impr9t$ on _! memory2 b we mu/ n be surpris$ on f9d+ t x did n make a simil> impression ^u ,dr4 ,c>dew4 ,f a lett] lately address$ by t g5tleman to ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 ! foll[+ is an extract3--,) respect to our illu/ri\s c\ntryman1 ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 ,i fe> ,i c claim b little m]it f ! %>e ,i _h 9 8 education4 ,he 0 n long ) me2 & :ile he rema9$ ,i c\ld n disc]n ! faculties by :i* he 0 aft]w>ds s mu* di/+ui%$2 ,i discov]$1 inde$1 8 ta/e = poetry1 :i* ,i did n omit to enc\rage4 ,dr4 ,c>dew adds1 ,:ile engag$ 9 tea*+ ! classics1 ,i 0 anxi\s to dis*>ge fai?fully ! duties ( my pr(ession to ! be/ ( my ability2 b ,i 0 c]ta9ly =tunate 9 hav+ s _m good mat]ials to "w ^u1 & ?us hav+ only 'fungi vice cotis1' ?\gh 'exsors ipse sec&i4'--,to ! tru? ( ?is latt] "p ( ! ,doctor's quotation1 w 8 s*ol>s will+ly subscribe8 ,x may be fairly d\bt$ h[ f> ,dr4 ,c>dew 0 able to desc5d into ! %ad[y regions ( ,m>o1 )\t ! donum fatalis virg4 ,mrs4 ,millett ?9ks t ! defici5cy j allud$ to may be attribut$ to ,mr4 ,coryton1 r ?an to ! inatt5tion ( h] bro!r2 ! =m] hav+1 f 8 neglect z a ma/]1 giv5 v g5]al dissatisfaction4 ,f :at ,i c le>n1 at ?is di/ant p]iod1 ( ! "* ( ,mr4 ,coryton1 x appe>s at all ev5ts1 t ! exsors ipse sec&i c\ld n h be5 ju/ly appli$ to him2 & t1 ow+ to an un=tunate aptness 9 ! "n to a doggrel v]se1 poor ,davy _h frequ5tly to sm>t "u 8 tyranny4 ,n[1 ,ma/] ,dvy1 ,n[1 ,sir1 ,i hve 'e1 ,no "o %all sve 'e1 ,good ,ma/] ,dvy2 :5 ! ma/]1 suit+ ! action to ! rhy?m1 inflict$ ^u ! h& ( ! unlucky s*ol> ! v]b]ations ( t type & in/rum5t ( p$agogui% au?ority--! flat rul]4 ,"h we h ano!r example ( ! s$uction ( s\nd1 argu$ by our great juri/ ,mr4 ,b5?am1#f to h det]m9$ ! maxims ( t law1 :i* has be5 pron\nc$ by its sages ! p]fection ( reason4 #f ,7 ! enquiry dilig5tly made1 he says1 x w\ld be f\nd t ! ,goddess ( ,h>mony has ex]cis$ m influ5ce1 h[ev] lat5t1 ov] ! disp5sations ( ,!mis1 ?an h] mo/ dilig5t hi/oriograph]s1 or ev5 h] mo/ passionate panegyri/s1 seem to be aw>e (4 ,e "o kn[s h[1 by ! m9i/ry ( ,orpheus1 x 0 %e :o fir/ collect$ ! sons ( m5 b5ea? ! %ad[ ( ! sceptre3 yet 9 ! mid/ ( cont9ual exp]i5ce1 m5 seem yet to le>n ) :at successful dilig5ce %e lab\r$ to guide x 9 its c\rse4 ,f a lett]1 h[ev]1 writt5 by ,davy a few ye>s aft]w>ds1 respect+ ! education ( a memb] ( 8 family1 he w\ld appe> to h ent]ta9$ an op9ion n v unlike t ( ,john ,locke2 =1 al?\gh he te/ifies ! highe/ respect = ,dr4 ,c>dew1 he seems to consid] ! comp>ative idl5ess ( 8 e>li] s*ool c>e]1 by all[+ him to foll[ ! b5t ( 8 own m9d1 to h fav\r$ ! developem5t ( 8 peculi> g5ius4 ,aft] all1 he says1 ! way 9 :i* we are taught ,lat9 & ,greek1 does n mu* influ5ce ! important /ructure ( our m9ds4 ,i consid] x =tunate t ,i 0 left mu* to myself z a *ild1 & put ^u no p>ticul> plan ( /udy1 & t ,i enjoy$ mu* idl5ess at ,mr4 ,coryton's s*ool4 ,i p]haps owe to ^! circum/ances ! little tal5ts ,i h1 & _! peculi> application3--:at ,i am ,i h made myself--,i say ?is )\t vanity1 & 9 pure simplicity ( he>t4 ,8 temp] dur+ y\? is repres5t$ z mild & amiable4 ,he nev] suppress$ 8 feel+s1 b e action 0 m>k$ by +5u\sness & c&\r1 qualities :i* ende>$ him to 8 y\?ful associates1 & ga9$ him ! love ( all :o knew him4 ,nor c ,i f9d1 says 8 si/]1 belov$ z he mu/ h be5 by my "m1 t %e %[$ him any p>ticul> pref]5ce2--all h] *ildr5 appe>$ to be alike h] c>e1 & all alike %>$ h] affection4 ,9 #agid1 ,mr4 ,davy di$4 ,we _c b regret t he did n live long en\gh to witness 8 son's em95ce2 = life1 z ,johnson says1 has few bett] ?+s to give ?an a tal5t$ son2 b f 8 wid[1 :o has b lately desc5d$ to ! tomb1 full ( ye>s & respectability1 ?is boon 0 n )held1 %e witness$ 8 :ole c>e] ( usefulness & hon\r1 & happily clos$ h] eyes be=e h] mat]nal fe>s c\ld h be5 awak5$ by ^? signs ( premature decay1 :i* = "s "t _h excit$ 9 8 fri5ds1 & 9 ! fri5ds ( sci5ce1 an al>m :i* ! rec5t deplorable ev5t has too fatally ju/ifi$4 ,9 ! ye> foll[+ ! decease ( h] husb&1 ,mrs4 ,davy1 :o _h aga9 tak5 up h] resid5ce 9 ,p5zance1 appr5tic$ h] son1#g by ! advice ( h] long-valu$ fri5d1 ,mr4 ,tonk91 to ,mr4 ,john ,b+ham ,borlase1 at t "t a surgeon & apo!c>y1 b :o aft]w>ds obta9$ a diploma1 & became an em95t physician at ,p5zance4 ,davy1 h[ev]1 = ! mo/ "p1 cont9u$ to pursue 8 own plans ( /udy2 = al?\gh 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,tonk91 )\t d\bt1 int5d$ him = a g5]al practition] 9 8 native t[n1 yet he himself always look$ =w>d to graduation at ,ed9burgh1 z a prelim9>y measure to 8 practis+ 9 ! high] walk ( 8 pr(ession4 #g ,! orig9al ind5ture1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,r4 ,edmonds1 solicitor1 ( ,p5zance1 is dat$ ,febru>y #aj?1 #agie4 ,8 m9d _h1 = "s "t1 be5 engross$ ) philosophical pursuits2 b until aft] he _h be5 plac$ ) ,mr4 ,borlase1 x does n appe> t he indicat$ any decid$ turn = *emi/ry1 ! /udy ( :i* he !n comm5c$ ) all ! ard\r ( 8 temp]am5t2 & 8 elde/ si/]1 :o act$ z 8 assi/ant1 well rememb]s ! ravages committ$ on h] dress by corrosive sub/ances4 ,x has be5 said t 8 m9d 0 fir/ direct$ to *emi/ry by a desire to discov] v>i\s mixtures z pigm5ts3 a sugge/ion to :i*1 ,i confess1 ,i am n dispos$ to pay mu* att5tion2 = al?\gh he might h s\ght by new comb9ations to imp>t a novel & vivid ri*ness ( col\r+ to 8 draw+s1 x 0 ! "* ( 8 m9d to pursue ) ard\r e subject ( novelty1 & to get at results by 8 own native p[]s1 r ?an by ! record$ exp]i5ce ( o!rs4 ,i mu/ "h relate an anecdote1 9 illu/ration ( ?is /atem5t1 :i* has be5 lately communicat$ to me by ! ,rev]5d ,dr4 ,batt51 ! pr9cipal ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,college at ,hayleybury4 ,?is g5tleman 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ,davy's s*oolfell[s1 b z he advanc$ 9 age1 diff]5t views1 & a diff]5t plan ( education1 c>ri$ him to a di/ant "p ( ! k+dom2 ! discipl9e & duties ( a cloi/]$ s*ool necess>ily e/rang$ him f 8 native t[n2 & x 0 n until aft] 8 admission at ,cambridge1 & ! arrival ( ! long vacation1 :i* af=d$ a tempor>y oblivion ( academic c>es1 t ,mr4 ,batt5 return$ to ,cornwall1 to revisit ! sc5es1 & to r5ew ! fri5d%ips ( 8 boyi% days4 ,davy1 :o 0 at t p]iod an appr5tice to ,mr4 ,borlase1 receiv$ him ) transport & affection2 b he 0 no long] ! boy t 8 fri5d _h left him2 he _h become m s]i\s & contemplative1 fond ( solit>y rambles1 & av]se to ent] into society1 or to jo9 ! fe/ive p>ties ( ! inhabitants4 ,9 fact1 8 m9d 0 n[ 9 ! act ( be+ m\ld$ by ! _s ( ,nature2 &1 )\t ! con/ra9t ( /udy1 he 0 ins5sibly inhal+ k ) ! wild breezes ( 8 native hills4 ,9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation1 ,mr4 ,batt5 spoke ( 8 academic /udies2 & 9 allud+ to ! pr9ciples ( ,me*anics1 to :i* he _h lately paid mu* att5tion1 he express$ himself m p>ticul>ly pleas$ ) t "p :i* treats ( ! ,collision ( ,bodies4 ,:at 0 8 surprise1 on f9d+ ,davy z well1 if n bett] acqua9t$ ) its sev]al propositions6 ,x 0 true t he _h nev] sy/ematically /udi$ ! subject--_h nev] p]haps se5 any /&>d "w ^u x1 b he _h in/itut$ exp]im5ts ) ela/ic & inela/ic balls1 & _h work$ out ! results by ! unassi/$ en]gies ( 8 own m9d4 ,x is cle> t1 _h ?is bran* ( sci5ce n exi/$1 ,davy w\ld h creat$ x4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( 8 appr5tice%ip1 he twice a week att5d$ a ,fr5* s*ool 9 ,p5zance1 kept by a ,m4 ,duga/1 a prie/ f ,la ,v5de2 & x 0 rem>k$ t1 al?\gh he acquir$ a k ( ! grammatical con/ruction ( ! language ) great] facility ?an any ( ! o!r s*ol>s1 he c\ld n succe$ 9 obta9+ ! pronunciation2 &1 9 fact1 not)/&+ 8 ext5sive int]c\rse ) =eign]s1 & 8 resid5ce 9 ,france1 he nev]1 ev5 9 aft] life1 c\ld pron\nce ,fr5* ) correctness or speak x ) flu5cy4 ,:ile ) ,mr4 ,borlase1 x 0 8 con/ant cu/om to walk 9 ! ev5+ to ,m>azion1 to dr9k tea ) an aunt to :om he 0 greatly atta*$4 ,^u su* occasions1 8 usual companion 0 a hamm]1 ) :i* he procur$ specim5s f ! rocks on ! bea*4 ,9 %ort1 x w\ld appe> t1 at ?is p]iod1 he paid mu* m att5tion to ,philosophy ?an to ,physic2 t he ?\ght m ( ! b[els ( ! e>?1 ?an ( ! /oma*s ( 8 pati5ts2 & t1 :5 he %\ld h be5 ble$+ ! sick1 he 0 op5+ ve9s 9 ! granite4 ,in/ead ( prep>+ m$ic9es 9 ! surg]y1 he 0 exp]im5t+ 9 ,mr4 ,tonk9's g>ret1 :i* _h n[ become ! sc5e ( 8 *emical op]ations2 &1 ^u m ?an "o occasion1 x is said t he produc$ an explosion1 :i* put ! ,doctor1 & all 8 glass bottles1 9 jeop>dy4 ,?is boy ,humphry is incorrigible6--,0 !re ev] s idle a dog6--,he w bl[ u all into ! air6 ,su* 7 ! con/ant exclamations ( ,mr4 ,tonk92 & !n1 9 a jocose /ra91 he w\ld speak ( him z ! ,philosoph]1 & sometimes call him ,sir ,humphry1 z if prophetic ( 8 future r5[n4#h #h ,davy appe>s to h be5 m =tunate ?an 8 prototype ,s*eele2 = on "o occasion1 z ! latt] 0 employ$ 9 mak+ pyrophorus1 a fell[ appr5tice1 )\t 8 k1 put "s fulm9at+ p[d] into ! mixture2 ! consequ5ce 0 a viol5t explosion2 ! :ole family 0 ?r[n into confusion1 & ! "y *emi/ 0 sev]ely *a/is$4 ,8 si/] has rem>k$ t1 z he advanc$ 9 life1 he always pref]r$ ! society ( p]sons old] ?an himself2 & "o ( 8 contempor>ies in=ms me t he nev] he>d him allude to any subject ( sci5ce1 al?\gh he rememb]s t :ile "o ( 8 pockets 0 fill$ ) fi%+-tackle1 ! o!r 0 z commonly load$ ) specim5s ( rocks4 ,) ^?1 h[ev]1 :o 7 sup]ior to him 9 ye>s1 he delight$ to ent] into discussion4 ,at ,p5zance1 !re /ill resides a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 ^: +5uity entitles him to great] rew>ds ?an a prov9cial t[n c af=d1 ) :om ,davy1 z a boy1 0 9 ! con/ant habit ( discuss+ que/ions ( practical me*anics4 ,i tell !e :at1 ,humphry1 exclaim$ ! ,quak] ^u "o ( ^! occasions--?\ art ! mo/ quibbl+ h& at a dispute ,i ev] met ) 9 my life4 ,= ! surgical dep>tm5t ( ! pr(ession1 he always ent]ta9$ a decid$ di/a/e1 al?\gh ! foll[+ extract f a lett] ( my correspond5t ,mr4 ,le ,grice w %[ t1 = once at lea/1 he _h ! m]it ( m5d+ a brok5 head4 ,! fir/ "t ,i ev] saw ,davy 0 on ! ,batt]y rocks2 we 7 alone ba?+1 & he po9t$ out to me a good place = div+2 at ! same "t he talk$ ab\t ! tides1 & ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 9 a mann] t greatly amaz$ me4 ,i p]haps %\ld n h s di/9ctly rememb]$ him1 b on ! foll[+ day1 by n exactly m>k+ ! spot he _h po9t$ out1 ,i 0 ne>ly kill$ by div+ on a rock1 & he came z ,mr4 ,borlase's assi/ant to dress ! w\nd4 ,x 0 8 great delight to ramble along ! sea-%ore1 & (t51 l ! orator ( ,a!ns1 w\ld he on su* occasions declaim aga9/ ! h[l+ ( ! w9d & waves1 ) a view to ov]come a defect 9 8 voice1 :i*1 al?\gh only slightly p]ceptible 9 8 matur] age1 0 9 ! days ( 8 boyhood exce$+ly discordant4 ,i may be all[$ to obs]ve1 t ! peculi> intonation he employ$ 9 8 public addresses1 & :i* r5d]$ him obnoxi\s to ! *>ge ( affectation1 0 to be ref]r$ to a labori\s ef=t to conceal ?is natural infirmity4 ,x 0 also cle> t he 0 defici5t 9 t quality :i* is commonly call$ a good e>1 & ) :i* ! modulation ( ! voice is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ to h an obvi\s connexion4 ,^? :o knew him intimately w readily be> te/imony to ?is fact4 ,:5ev] he 0 deeply absorb$ 9 a *emical rese>*1 x 0 8 habit to hum "s tune1 if su* x c\ld be call$1 = x 0 impossible = any "o to discov] ! air he int5d$ to s+3 inde$1 ,davy's music became a subject ( raill]y among/ 8 fri5ds2 & ,mr4 ,*ildr5 in=ms me1 t1 dur+ an excursion1 !y attempt$ to tea* him ! air ( ',god save ! ,k+1' b _! ef=ts 7 unavail+4 ,x may be a "q h[ f> ! foll[+ fact1 ) :i* ,i h j be5 made acqua9t$1 admits ( explanation ^u ?is pr9ciple4 ,on ent]+ a volunte] infantry corps1 comm&$ by a ,capta9 ,oxnam1 ,davy c\ld nev] em]ge f ! awkw>d squad2 no pa9s c\ld make him keep ! /ep2 & ^? :o 7 s un=tunate z to /& be=e him 9 ! ranks1 ought to h be5 h]oes invuln]able 9 ! heel4 ,?is incapacity1 z may be readily suppos$1 occasion$ him consid]able annoyance1 & he engag$ a s]jeant to give him private lessons1 b x 0 all to no purpose4 ,9 ! platoon ex]cise he 0 n m exp]t2 & he ^: electric batt]y 0 de/9$ to triumph ov] ! animosity ( nations1 c\ld nev] be taught to %\ld] a musket 9 8 native t[n4 ,t ,davy1 9 8 y\?1 possess$ c\rage & decision1 may be inf]r$ f ! circum/ance ( 8 hav+1 ^u receiv+ a bite f a dog suppos$ to be rabid1 tak5 8 pocket-knife1 & )\t ! lea/ hesitation cut out ! "p on ! spot1 & !n retir$ into ! surg]y & caut]iz$ ! w\nd2 an op]ation :i* conf9$ him to ,mr4 ,tonk9's h\se = ?ree weeks4 ,! g5tleman f :om ,i receiv$ an acc\nt ( ?is adv5ture1 ! accuracy ( :i* has be5 s9ce confirm$ by ,davy's si/]1 also told me1 t he _h frequ5tly he>d him decl>e 8 disbelief 9 ! exi/5ce ( pa9 :5ev] ! en]gies ( ! m9d 7 direct$ to c\nt]act x2 b he add$1 ,i v %ortly aft]w>ds _h an opportunity ( witness+ a practical refutation ( ?is doctr9e 9 8 own p]son2 = ^u be+ bitt5 by a cong] eel1 my "y fri5d ,humphry ro>$ out mo/ lu/ily4 ,! anecdote ( ,davy's excis+ ! bitt5 "p ) s mu* promptitude & coolness1 d]ives its int]e/ f ! age & inexp]i5ce ( ! op]ator4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 practice1 e physician mu/ h met ) simil> cases ( /]n decision2 b ,i w v5ture to say t !y h nev] occurr$ except 9 in/ances ( p]sons ( ackn[l$g$ c\rage4 ,n _m days s9ce1 a vet]an (fic]1 di/+ui%$ = ! intrepidity ) :i* he rescu$ ! p]son ( ,george ! ,?ird f ! fury ( a desp]ate mob1 9 ,/4 ,james's ,p>k1 in=m$ me t he _h =m]ly be5 bitt5 at ,vi5na by a dog aft]w>ds asc]ta9$ to h be5 rabid2 he imm$iately ent]$ a blacksmi?'s %op1 & by ?reats compell$ ! p]son at ! =ge to heat an iron r$-hot1 & burn 8 leg to ! bone4 ,! blacksmi?1 aft] fir/ /ipulat+ t he %\ld /rap 8 ecc5tric cu/om] to ! anvil1 reluctantly compli$2 & my fri5d %[$ me a sc> :i* suffici5tly te/ifi$ ! complete mann] 9 :i* ! son ( ,vulcan _h p]=m$ 8 engagem5t3--,b to return f ?is digression4 ,at ?is "t ( day1 no "o c surely believe ) ,pope1 t a ,rul+ ,passion is an innate & irresi/ible affection antec$5t to reason & obs]vation3 on ! contr>y1 ample exp]i5ce has l$ u to ! conclusion1 t ----m5's judgm5ts are ,a p>cel ( _! =tunes1 & ?+s outw>d ,d draw ! inw>d quality aft] !m4 ,! prevail+ bias ( great m9ds may ?us be (t5 trac$ to "s accid5tal1 & app>5tly trivial1 impression 9 e>ly life2 & ! acute biograph]1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 obs]vations1 w cont9ually discov] traits ( "* t are readily ref]able to su* a s\rce1 ev5 z 9 ! magical col\r+ ( ,rembr&t's works1 ! practis$ eye w recognize ! *i>o-oscuro ( 8 fa!r's mill1 9 :i* ! arti/ pass$ 8 h\rs ( *ildhood4 ,9 l mann]1 t m>k$ av]sion to arbitr>y p[]1 :i* ev] di/+ui%$ ! actions & writ+s ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 has by himself be5 ref]r$ to ! s5se ( inju/ice e>ly impr9t$ ^u 8 m9d by ! sev]e & tyrannical conduct ( 8 eld] bro!r2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 he tells u t he 0 indebt$ = 8 habit ?r\gh life1 ( =m+ j e/imates ( ! value ( ?+s1 to 8 hav+1 at ! age ( sev5 ye>s1 paid too mu* = 8 :i/le4 ,b circum/ances1 h[ev] dispos$ & happily comb9$1 al?\gh !y may direct1 c nev] create g5ius2 x is possible t ,c[ley might nev] h be5 enam\r$ ( ! ,muses1 nor ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds h c\rt$ ! ,graces1 b = ! casual circum/ances record$ by ! biograph]2 & ,f]guson might n h turn$ 8 att5tion to me*anical inv5tions1 _h n an accid5t befall5 ! ro( ( 8 fa!r's cottage2 & ev5 ,prie/ley1 ! f\nd] ( a new & beautiful dep>tm5t 9 sci5ce1 might v probably nev] h be5 l$ to ?9k ( pneumatic *emi/ry1 _h he n liv$ 9 ! vic9ity ( a great brew]y3 /ill1 h[ev]1 su* m5 c\ld n h %one dimly1 if true g5ius be correctly def9$ by ,dr4 ,johnson z a m9d ( l>ge g5]al p[]s accid5tally det]m9$ to "s p>ticul> direction4#i--,s ) ,davy2 8 m9d 0 z vigor\s z x 0 orig9al1 & no less logical & precise ?an x 0 d>+ & compreh5sive2 no?+ 0 too mighty = its grasp1 no?+ too m9ute = its obs]vation2 l ! trunk ( ! elephant1 x c\ld te> up ! oak ( ! =e/1 or g5tly pluck ! acorn f its bran*4 #i ,m4 de ,b\rri5ne1 9 8 ,private ,memoirs ( ,napoleon ,buonap>te1 appe>s to h ju/ly appreciat$ ! influ5ce ( circum/ances ^u ! de/9ies ( great m54 ,9 speak+ ( ,buonap>te at ! ,milit>y ,college ( ,bri5ne1 he says1 ,if ! monks1 to :om ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! e/abli%m5t 0 confid$1 _h engag$ m able ma!matical pr(essors1 or if we _h _h any excitem5t to ! /udy ( ,*emi/ry1 or ,natural ,philosophy1 ,i am conv9c$ t ,buonap>te w\ld h pursu$ ^? sci5ces ) all ! g5ius & _s ( inve/igation1 :i* he display$ 9 a c>e] m brilliant1 x is true1 b f> less useful to mank9d4 ,t circum/ances 9 e>ly life %\ld h direct$ su* en]gies to a sci5ce1 :i* requires = its advancem5t all ! aids ( novel & bold1 & yet pati5t & accurate rese>*1 is "o ( ^? =tunate ev5ts :i* e unprejudic$ m9d w view ) triumph4 ,x is surely n difficult to und]/& h[ x happ5$ t a m9d end[$ ) ! g5ius & s5sibilities ( ,davy1 %\ld h be5 direct$ to ! /udy ( ,*emi/ry & ,m9]alogy1 :5 we consid] ! nature & sc5]y ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* accid5t _h plac$ him4 ,_m ( 8 fri5ds & associates mu/ h be5 connect$ ) m9+ speculations3 ,%afts1 ,cross ,c\rses1 & ,lodes1 7 words famili>is$ to 8 e>s2 & 8 native love ( enquiry c\ld n h long suff]$ !m to rema9 /rang]s to 8 und]/&+4 ,nor c\ld he h w&]$ along ! rocky coa/1 or h repos$ = a mom5t to contemplate its wild sc5]y1 )\t be+ invit$ to geological enquiry by ! g5ius ( ! place2 = 7 we to p]sonify ! sci5ce1 :]e c\ld we f9d a m appropriate spot = h] local habitation8 ,h[ (t5 :5 a boy1 said ,davy to me1 on my %[+ him a draw+ ( ! wild rock sc5]y ( ,botallack ,m9e1 h ,i w&]$ ab\t ^? rocks 9 se>* ( new m9]als1 &1 :5 fatigu$1 sat d[n ^u ! turf1 & ex]cis$ my fancy 9 anticipations ( sci5tific r5[n6 ,su* sc5]y1 also1 9 "o :o possess$ a quick s5sibility to ! sublime =ms ( ,nature1 0 well calculat$ to k9dle t en?usiasm :i* is s ess5tial to poetical g5ius2 & we accord+ly le>n1 t he became enam\r$ ( ! ,muses at a v e>ly age1 & ev9c$ 8 passion by sev]al poetical productions4 ,i am assur$ by ,dr4 ,batt5 t1 at ! age ( twelve ye>s1 he _h f9i%$ an epic poem1 :i* he entitl$ ! ,tydidiad1 f its celebrat+ ! adv5tures ( ,diom$e on 8 return f ! ,trojan w>4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t n ev5 a fragm5t ( ?is poem %\ld h be5 pres]v$2 b ,dr4 ,batt5 well rememb]s t x 0 *>act]is$ by great fre$om ( inv5tion1 vig\r ( description1 & wildness ( execution4 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 he became desp]ately enam\r$ ( a "y ,fr5* lady1 at t "t resid5t at ,p5zance1 to :om he address$ num]\s sonnets2 b ^!1 l ! passion t produc$ !m1 h long s9ce be5 ext9ct4 ,sev]al ( 8 m9or productions 7 pr9t$ 9 a "w entitl$ ! ,annual ,an?ology1 publi%$ 9 ?ree volumes at ,bri/ol1 9 #agii2 two ( :i* 7 edit$ by ,s\!y1 & "o by ,james ,tob92--a "w ( "s curiosity1 indep5d5t ( its m]its1 z ! fir/ attempt 9 ?is c\ntry to e/abli% an ,annual1 a species ( lit]>y composition :i* has lately be5 made v popul> & amus+4 ,^! volumes h n[ become extremely sc>ce1 = :i*1 & o!r reasons1 ,i h ?\ght x "r to place ,davy's productions on record 9 ^! memoirs2 = al?\gh !y are m>k$ by ! common faults ( y\?ful poets1 !y /ill be> ! /amp ( l(ty g5ius4 ,!re is1 besides1 a ve9 ( philosophical contemplation runn+ ?r\gh _! composition1 :i* may be consid]$ z indicat+ ! future "* & pursuit ( _! au?or2 an ard5t aspiration aft] fame seems1 ev5 at ?is e>ly p]iod1 to h be5 felt 9 all its =ce1 & is express$ 9 _m /rik+ & beautiful passages4 ,!re is /ill a high] motive by :i* ,i am induc$ to introduce ^! specim5s into my memoir1 t ( %[+ ! bias ( 8 g5ius at ?is e>ly p]iod1 ) a view to comp>e x ) t :i* display$ itself 9 ! la/ days ( ! philosoph]4 ,we %all f9d t ! bright & rosy hues ( fancy :i* gild$ ! morn+ ( 8 life1 & 7 subdu$ or *as$ away by ! m respl5d5t light ( matur] age1 aga9 gl[$ =? 9 ! ev5+ ( 8 days1 & illum9$ ! sett+1 z !y _h ! dawn+ ( 8 g5ius4 ,8 fir/ production be>s ! date ( #agie1 & is entitl$ ,,! ,,sons ,,( ,,g5ius4 ,bright bur/+ ?r\gh ! awful veil ( night ,! lun> beams ^u ! ,ocean play1 ,! wat]y bill[s %9e ) trembl+ light1 ,:]e ! swift breezes skim along ! sea4 ,! glimm]+ />s 9 yon e!real pla9 ,gr[ pale1 & fade be=e ! lucid beams1 ,save :]e fair ,v5us1 %9+ o'er ! ma9 ,conspicu\s1 /ill ) fa9t] radiance gleams4 ,cle> is ! azure firmam5t above1 ,save :]e ! :ite cl\d floats ^u ! breeze1 ,all tranquil is ! bosom ( ! grove1 ,save :]e ! ,zephyr w>bles ?r\gh ! trees4 ,n[ ! poor %eph]d w&]+ to 8 home ,surveys ! d>k5+ sc5e ) fe>ful eye1 ,on e gre5 sees little elf9s roam1 ,& hagg>d sprites along ! moonbeams fly4 ,:ile ,sup]/ition rules ! vulg> s\l1 ,=bids ! en]gies ( man to rise1 ,rais$ f> above h] l[1 h] mean contr\l1 ,aspir+ ,g5ius seeks h] native skies4 ,%e loves ! sil5t solit>y h\rs1 ,%e loves ! /illness ( ! />ry night1 ,:5 o'er ! bright5+ view ,sel5e p\rs ,! s(t effulg5ce ( h] p5sive light4 ',tis !n di/urb'd n by ! gl>e ( day2 ,to mild tranquillity alone resign'd1 ,reason ext5ds h] animat+ sway ,o'er ! calm empire ( ! peaceful m9d4 ,be=e h] lucid1 all-enlight5+ ray1 ,! pallid spectres ( ! ,night retire1 ,%e drives ! gloomy t]rors f> away1 ,& fills ! bosom ) cele/ial fire4 ,inspir$ by h]1 ! ,sons ( ,g5ius rise ,above all e>?ly ?\ghts1 all vulg> c>e2 ,weal?1 p[]1 & gr&eur !y alike despise1 ,enraptur$ by ! good1 ! great1 ! fair4 ,a ?\s& v>y+ joys to !m belong-- ,! *>ms ( ,nature & h] *angeful sc5es2 ,_!'s is ! music ( ! v]nal song1 ,& _!'s ! col\rs ( ! v]nal pla9s4 ,_!'s is ! purple-t+$ ev5+ ray1 ,) all ! radiance ( ! morn+ sky2 ,_!'s is ! spl5d\r ( ! ris5 day1 ,en%r9$ 9 glory by ! sun's bright eye4 ,= !m ! ,zephyr fans ! odor\s gale1 ,= !m ! w>bl+ /reamlet s(tly fl[s1 ,= !m ! ,dryads %ade ! v]dant vale1 ,to !m sweet ,philomel attunes h] woes4 ,to !m no wakeful moonbeam %9es 9 va9 ,on ! d>k bosom ( ! trackless wood1 ,%$s its mild radiance o'er ! des]t pla91 ,or s(tly glides along ! *ry/al flood4 ,yet n alone delight ! s(t & fair1 ,alike ! gr&] sc5es ( ,nature move2 ,yet n alone h] beauties claim _! c>e1 ,! great1 sublime1 & t]rible1 !y love4 ,! ,sons ( ,nature1 !y alike delight ,9 ! r\gh precipice's brok5 /eep1 ,9 ! black t]rors ( ! /ormy night1 ,& 9 ! ?und]s ( ! ?reat5+ deep4 ,:5 ! r$ lightn+s ?r\gh ! e!r fly1 ,& ! :ite foam+ bill[s la% ! %ores2 ,:5 to ! rattl+ ?und]s ( ! sky ,! angry ,demon ( ! wat]s ro>s2 ,& :51 unt\*'d by ,nature's liv+ fires1 ,no native rapture fills ! dr[sy s\l2 ,!n =m] ages1 ) _! tuneful lyres1 ,c bid ! fury ( ! passions fall4 ,by ! blue tap]'s melan*oly light1 ,:il/ all ar\nd ! midnight torr5ts p\r1 ,& awful glooms beset ! face ( ,night1 ,!y we> ! sil5t solit>y h\r4 ,ah1 !n1 h[ sweet to pass ! night away ,9 sil5t conv]se ) ! ,grecian page6 ,:il/ ,hom] tunes 8 ev]-liv+ lay1 ,or reason li/5s to ?' ,a!nian sage2 ,to scan ! laws ( ,nature1 to explore ,! tranquil reign ( mild ,philosophy2 ,or on ,newtonian w+s sublime to so> ,?r\gh ! bright regions ( ! />ry sky4 ,ah6 :o c pa9t :at raptures fill ! s\l ,:5 ,attic ,fre$om rises to ! w>1 ,bids ! l\d ?und]s ( ! battle roll1 ,& drives ! tyrant trembl+ f h] %ore6 ,f ^! pursuits ! ,sons ( ,g5ius scan ,! end ( _! creation2 h5ce !y "k ,! fair1 sublime1 immortal hopes ( man1 ,f :5ce alone undy+ pleasures gl[4 ,by ,sci5ce calm'd1 ov] ! peaceful s\l1 ,bright ) et]nal ,wisdom's lucid ray1 ,peace1 meek ( eye1 ext5ds h] s(t contr\l1 ,& drives ! fury ,passions f> away4 ,virtue1 ! daught] ( ! skies supreme1 ,directs _! life1 in=ms _! gl[+ lays-- ,a /eady fri5d2 h] animat+ beam ,%$s its s(t lu/re o'er _! latt] days4 ,:5 life's w>m f\nta9s feel ! fro/ ( "t2 ,:5 ! cold dews ( d>kness close _! eyes1 ,%e %[s ! p>t+ s\l1 uprais$ sublime1 ,! bright] glories ( h] k9dr$ skies4 ,?us ! pale ,moon1 ^: pure cele/ial light ,has *as$ ! gloomy cl\ds ( ,heav5 away1 ,re/s h] :ite *eek1 ) silv] radiance bright1 ,on ! s(t bosom ( ! ,we/]n sea4 ,lo/ 9 ! gl[+ wave1 h] radiance dies2 ,yet1 :ile %e s9ks1 %e po9ts h] l+'r+ ray ,to ! bright azure ( ! ori5t skies-- ,to ! fair dawn+ ( ! glori\s day4 ,l ! tumultu\s bill[s ( ! sea ,succe$ ! g5]ations ( mank9d2 ,"s 9 oblivi\s sil5ce pass away1 ,& leave no ve/ige ( _! lives beh9d4 ,o!rs1 l ^? pr\d waves :i* beat ! %ore1 ,a l\d & mom5t>y murmur raise2 ,b soon _! transi5t glories are no m1-- ,no future ages e*o ) _! praise4 ,l yon pr\d rocks amid/ ! sea ( "t1 ,sup]ior1 scorn+ all ! bill[s' rage1 ,! liv+ ,sons ( ,g5ius /& sublime1 ,?' immortal *ildr5 ( ano!r age4 ,= ^? exi/ ^: pure e!real m9ds1 ,imbib+ portions ( cele/ial day1 ,scorn all t]re/rial c>es1 all mean designs1 ,z bright-ey$ eagles scorn ! lun> ray4 ,_!'s is ! glory ( a la/+ "n1 ,! me$ ( ,g5ius & h] liv+ fires1 ,_!'s is ! laurel ( et]nal fame1 ,& _!'s ! sweetness ( ! ,muse's lyres4 ,d4--#agie4 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,pleasure4 ,! g5ial influ5ce ( ! day ,_h *as$ ! l+]+ cold away2 ,borne ^u ! ,zephyr's w+1 ,sweetly smil$ ! radiant ,spr+3 ,h] mild re-animat+ brea? ,wakes ,nature f h] w9try dea?2 ,att5d$ by ! laugh+ ,h\rs1 ,%e rises clad 9 fl[]s1 ,& lightly z %e trips along1 ,! v]nal w>bl]s raise ! song4 ,ri* 9 a ?\s& radiant dyes1 ,ar\nd h] /eps ! fl['rets rise1 ,! ,zephyr sports1 ! sunbeams sleep ,on ! blue bosom ( ! deep4 ,& n[1 )9 my ?robb+ brea/ ,i feel ! influ5ce ( ! ,spr+1 ,to ec/asy ,i tune my /r+1 ,& g>l&$ ) odor\s fl[]s1 ,i ha/$ to ! %ady grove1 ,i ha/$ to ! roseate b[]s ,:]e ,pleasure dwells ) ,love4 ,!re ,y\?1 & ,love1 & ,beauty1 b\nd ,! gl[+ rose my h>p ar\nd2 ,!n to ! daught] ( ,desire1 ,to bright-ey$ ,pleasure gave ! lyre3 ,%e tun$ ! /r+1 ,& smil+ s(t] ?an ! rosy sea1 ,:5 ! "y ,morn+ blu%es on h] brea/1 ,%e rais$ ! raptur$ lay1 ,i he>d h] s+1 ,! song lull'd e c>e & e ?\ght to re/4 ,sons ( ,nature1 hi!r ha/e1 ,! bless+s ( exi/5ce ta/e2 ,li/5 to my fri5dly lay1 ,& y\r c>es %all fly away1 ,quick z fly ! w9try sn[s ,:5 ! v]nal ,zephyr bl[s4 ,let o!rs1 c\rt+ w>'s al>ms1 ,seek ! bloody field ( arms2 ,let o!rs1 ) undaunt$ s\l1 ,bid ,bellona's ?und]s roll2 ,f ! lightn+s ( _! eye ,let ! trembl+ squadrons fly2 ,sons ( ,nature1 y %all prove ,a s(t] fight1 ! fight ( love4 ,:ile y 9 s(t repose are laid ,und]nea? ! myrtle %ade1 ,amid ! murky glooms ( ,dea?1 ,! sons ( battle pant = brea?4 ,let ! philosophic sage1 ,8 silv] tresses :ite ) age1 ,amid ! *ill+ midnight damp1 ,wa/e ! solit>y lamp1 ,to scan ! laws ( ,nature o'er1 ,! pa?s ( ,sci5ce to explore2 ,curb'd b5ea? 8 h>% contr\l ,! blissful ,passions fly ! s\l4 ,y1 ! g5tl] sons ( joy1 ,s(t] /udies %all employ6 ,he to curb ! ,passions tries1 ,y %all bid !m all arise2 ,8 wants he wi%es to de/roy1 ,y %all all y\r wants enjoy4 ,let ! laurel1 ,virtue's me$1 ,cr[n 8 age-besilv]'d head1 ,! v]dant laurel ev] gr[s ,amid ! sull5 ,w9t]'s sn[s3 ,let ! rose1 ! fl[] ( bliss1 ,! s(t unwr9kl$ temples kiss2 ,fann'd by ! ,zephyr's balmy w+1 ,! odor\s rose adorns ! ,spr+4 ,let ! ,patriot die1 to raise ,a la/+ monum5t ( praise4 ,ah1 fool1 to te> ! gl[+ rose ,f ! mir?-encircl$ br[s1 ,t ar\nd 8 dusky tomb ,! ev]-v]dant bay may bloom6 ,let ,ambition's sons alone ,b[ ar\nd ! tott]+ ?rone1 ,fly at ,glory's spl5did rays1 ,&1 mo?-l1 die amid/ a blaze2 ,y %all b[1 & b[ alone1 ,be=e delici\s ,beauty's ?rone4 ,lo6 ,!ora treads ! gre51 ,all brea?+ grace & h>mony %e moves1 ,fair z ! "m ( ! ,loves4 ,9 graceful r+lets floats h] gold5 hair2 ,f ! bright azure ( h] eye ,expression's liquid lightn+s fly4 ,h] *eek is fair1 ,fair z ! lily1 :51 at dawn+ day1 ,t+$ ) ! morn+'s bright & purple ray1 ,yond] sc5t$ groves among ,%e w li/5 to y\r song4 ,9 yond] b[] :]e roses bloom1 ,:]e ! myrtle brea!s p]fume1 ,y %all at y\r ease recl9e1 ,& sip ! s\l-enliv5+ w9e2 ,!re ! lyre1 ) melt+ lay1 ,%all bid ! s\l dissolve away4 ,s(t z ! ,morn+ %$s h] purple light ,?r\gh ! d>k azure ( ! ,night1 ,s s(t ! ,god ( slumb] %$s ,8 roseate dews ar\nd y\r heads4 ,su* ! bless+s ,i be/[6 ,ha/e1 my sons1 ^! bless+s "k6 ,behold ! fl['rets ( ! ,spr+1 ,!y wanton 9 ! ,zephyr's w+1 ,!y dr9k ! mat9 e!r blue1 ,!y sip ! fragrant ev5+ dew4 ,man is b a %ort-liv$ fl[]1 ,8 bloom b = a *angeful h\r6 ,pass a little "t away1 ,! rosy *eek is turn'd to clay3 ,no liv+ joys1 no transports burn ,9 ! d>k sepul*ral urn1 ,no ,laurels cr[n ! fle%less br[s1 ,!y fade toge!r ) ! ,rose4 ,d4--#agif4 ,,ode ,,to ,,sa9t ,,mi*ael',s ,,m\nt1 ,,9 ,,cornwall4 ,! sob] eve ) purple bright ,%$s o'er ! hills h] tranquil light ,9 _m a l+]+ ray2 ,! radiance trembles on ! deep1 ,:]e rises r\gh ?y rugg$ /eep1 ,old ,mi*ael1 f ! sea4 ,ar\nd ?y base1 9 azure pride1 ,fl[s ! silv]-cre/$ tide1 ,9 g5tly w9d+ waves2 ,! ,zephyr creeps ?y cliffs ar\nd1-- ,?y cliffs1 ) :isp]+ ivy cr[n'd1 ,& murmurs 9 ?y caves4 ,maje/ic /eep6 ,ah1 yet ,i love1 ,) _m a l+]+ /ep1 to rove ,?y ivi$ rocks among2 ,?y ivi$1 wave-beat rocks recall ,! =m] pleasures ( my s\l1 ,:5 life 0 gay & "y4 ,en?usiasm1 ,nature's *ild1 ,"h sung to me h] wood-songs wild1 ,all w>m ) native fire2 ,i felt h] s\l-awak5+ flame1 ,x bade my bosom burn = fame1-- ,x bade me /rike ! lyre4 ,s(t z ! ,morn+ %$s h] light ,?r\gh ! d>k azure ( ! ,night ,along ! tranquil sea2 ,s s(t ! bright-ey$ ,fancy %$ ,h] raptur+ dreams ar\nd my head1 ,& drove my c>es away4 ,:5 ! :ite ,moon ) glory cr[n'd1 ,! azure ( ! sky ar\nd1 ,h] silv] radiance %$2 ,:5 %one ! waves ) trembl+ light1 ,& slept ! lu/re palely bright ,^u ?y t[]-clad head2 ,!n ,,beauty bade my pleasure fl[1-- ,!n ,,beauty bade my bosom gl[1 ,) mild & g5tle fire6 ,!n ,mir?1 & ,*e]fulness1 & ,love1 ,ar\nd my s\l 7 wont to move1 ,& ?rill'd ^u my lyre4 ,b :5 ! ,demon ( ! deep ,h[l'd ar\nd ?y rocky /eep1 ,& bade ! tempe/s rise1-- ,bade ! :ite foam+ bill[s ro>1 ,& murmur+ da% ! rocky %ore1 ,& m+le ) ! skies2 ,ah1 !n my s\l 0 rais$ on high1 ,& felt ! gl[ ( ec/asy1 ,) great emotions fill'd2 ,?us ,joy & ,t]ror reign'd by turns1 ,& n[ ) ,,love ! bosom burns1 ,& n[ by ,,fe> is *ill'd4 ,?us to ! sweete/ dreams resign'd1 ,! fairy ,,fancy rul$ my m9d1 ,& %one ^u my y\?2 ,b n[1 to awful ,reason giv51 ,i leave h] de> ideal heav5 ,to he> ! voice ( ,,tru?4 ,%e claims my be/1 my l(tie/ song1 ,%e leads a bright] maid along-- ,,div9e ,,philosophy1 ,:o bids ! m\nt+ s\l assume ,immortal ,wisdom's eagle plume1 ,& p5etrat+ eye1 ,above ,delusion's dusky maze1 ,above deceitful ,fancy's ways1 ,) roses clad to rise2 ,to view a gleam ( pure/ light ,bur/+ ?r\gh ,nature's mi/y night1-- ,! radiance ( ! skies4 ,d4--#agif4 ,,! ,,tempe/4 ,! ,tempe/ has d>k5'd ! face ( ! skies1 ,! w9ds :i/le wildly across ! wa/e pla91 ,! ,fi5ds ( ! :irlw9d t]rific arise1 ,& m+le ! cl\ds ) ! :ite-foam+ ma94 ,all d>k is ! night1 & all gloomy ! %ore1 ,save :5 ! r$ lightn+s ! e!r divide1 ,!n foll[s ! ?und] ) l\d-s\nd+ ro>1 ,& e*oes 9 conc]t ! bill[y tide4 ,b ?\gh n[ all is murky & %ad$ ) gloom1 ,hope1 ! soo!r1 s(t :isp]s ! tempe/s %all cease2 ,!n ,nature aga9 9 h] beauty %all bloom1 ,& enam\r'd embrace ! fair sweet-smil+ ,peace2 ,= ! bright-blu%+ morn+1 all rosy ) light1 ,%all convey on h] w+s ! ,creator ( day2 ,he %all drive all ! tempe/s & t]rors ( night1 ,& ,nature enliv5'd1 aga9 %all be gay4 ,!n ! w>bl]s ( ,spr+ %all attune ! s(t lay1 ,& aga9 ! bright fl['ret %all blu% 9 ! vale2 ,on ! brea/ ( ! ,ocean ! ,zephyr %all play1 ,& ! sunbeam %all sleep on ! hill & ! dale4 ,if ! tempe/s ( ,nature s soon s9k to re/-- ,if h] once-fad$ beauties s soon gl[ aga91 ,%all ,man be = ev] by tempe/s oppress'd1 ,by ! tempe/s ( passion1 ( sorr[1 & pa98 ,ah1 no6 = 8 passions & sorr[ %all cease ,:5 ! tr\blesome fev] ( life %all be o'er2 ,9 ! night ( ! grave he %all slumb] 9 peace1 ,& passion & sorr[ %all vex him no m4 ,& %all n ?is night & its long dismal gloom1 ,l ! night ( ! tempe/1 aga9 pass away8 ,yes6 ! du/ ( ! e>? 9 bright beauty %all bloom1 ,& rise to ! morn+ ( heav5ly day6 ,d4--#agif4 ,,extract ,,f ,,an ,,unf9i%$ ,,poem ,,on ,,m\nt',s ,,bay4 ,mild bl[s ! ,zephyr o'er ! ,ocean d>k1 ,! ,zephyr waft+ ! grey twilight cl\ds ,across ! waves1 to dr9k ! sol> rays ,& blu% ) purple4 ,by ! ori5t gleam ,:it5+ ! foam ( ! blue wave t breaks ,ar\nd 8 granite feet1 b dimly se51 ,maje/ic ,mi*ael rises4 ,he ^: br[ ,is cr[n'd ) ca/les1 & ^: rocky sides ,are clad ) dusky ivy3 he ^: base1 ,beat by ! /orm ( ages1 /&s unmov$ ,amid/ ! wreck ( ?+s1 ! *ange ( "t4 ,t base encircl$ by ! azure waves1 ,0 once ) v]dure clad3 ! t['r+ oaks ,!re wav$ _! bran*es gre51--! sacr$ oaks ,^: awful %ades among1 ! ,druids /ray'd ,to cut ! hall['d miseltoe1 & hold ,high conv]se ) _! ,gods4 ,on yon r\gh crag1 ,:]e ! wild ,tam>isk :i/les to ! sea bla/1 ,! ,druid's h>p 0 he>d1 swept by ! breeze ,to s(te/ music1 or to gr&] tones ,awak5'd by ! awful ma/]'s h&4 ,^? tones %all s\nd no m6 ! ru%+ waves1 ,rais$ f ! va/ ,atlantic1 h o'er:elm'd ,! sacr$ groves4 ,& deep ! ,druids lie ,9 ! d>k mi/-clad sea ( =m] "t4 ,ages _h pass'd away1 ! /ony alt> ,0 :ite ) moss1 :5 on its rugg$ base ,dire ,sup]/ition rais$ ! go?ic fane1 ,& monks & prie/s exi/$4 ,on ! sea ,! sunbeams tremble2 & ! purple light ,illumes ! d>k ,bol]ium1#aj seat ( /orms4 ,high are 8 granite rocks4 ,8 fr[n+ br[ ,hangs o'er ! smil+ ,ocean4 ,9 8 caves ,?' ,atlantic breezes murmur4 ,9 8 caves1 ,:]e sleep ! hagg>d ,spirits ( ! /orm1 ,wild dre>y are ! s*i/9e#aa rocks ar\nd ,encircl$ by ! wave1 :]e to ! breeze ,! hagg>d ,cormorant %rieks4 ,& f> beyond ,are se5 ! cl\d-l ,isl&s1 grey 9 mi/s4#ab ,?y awful height1 ,bol]ium1 is n lov$ ,by busy ,man1 & no "o w&]s !re ,save he :o foll[s ,nature1--he :o seeks ,amid/ ?y crags & /orm-beat rocks to f9d ,! m>ks ( *anges tea*+ ! great laws ,t rais$ ! globe f *aos2 or he ^: s\l ,is w>m ) fire poetic1--he :o feels ,:5 ,nature smiles 9 beauty1 or sublime ,rises 9 maje/y1--he :o c /& ,unaw$ ^u ?y summit1 clad 9 tempe/s1 ,& view ) raptur$ m9d ! ro>+ deep ,rise o'er ?y foam-clad base1 :ile ! black cl\d ,bur/s ) ! fire ( ,heav5-- ,he ^: he>t ,is w>m ) love & m]cy1--he ^: eye ,drops ! bright te> :5 anxi\s ,fancy pa9ts ,^u 8 m9d ! image ( ! ,maid1 ,! blue-ey$ ,maid :o di$ b5ea? ?y surge4 ,:]e yon d>k cliff#ac o'er%ad[s ! blue ma91 ,,!ora di$ amid/ ! /ormy waves1 ,& on its feet ! sea-dews wa%'d h] corpse1 ,& ! wild brea? ( /orms %ook h] black locks4 ,"y 0 ,,!ora2 blu] 0 h] eye ,?an ! bright azure ( ! moonlight night2 ,fair 0 h] *eek z is ! ocean cl\d ,r$ ) ! morn+ ray4 ,amid/ ! groves1 ,& gre5s1 & nodd+ rocks t ov]hang ,! grey ,kill>ney1 pass'd h] morn+ days ,bright ) ! beams ( joy4 ,to solitude1 ,to ,nature1 & to ,god1 %e gave h] y\?2 ,h5ce 7 h] passions tun$ to h>mony4 ,h] azure eye (t gli/5'd ) ! te> ,( s5sibility1 & h] s(t *eek ,gl['d ) ! blu% ( rapture4 ,h5ce1 %e lov$ ,to w&] 'mid/ ! gre5-wood1 silv]'d o'er ,by ! bright moonbeam4 ,h5ce1 %e lov$ ! rocks ,cr[n'd ) ! nodd+ ivy1 & ! lake ,fair ) ! purple morn+1 & ! sea ,expansive m+l+ ) ! ar*$ sky4 ,k9dl$ by ,g5ius1 9 h] bosom gl['d ,! sacr$ fire ( ,fre$om4 ,h5ce1 %e scorn'd ,! n>r[ laws ( cu/om t control ,h] feeble sex4 ,great 9 h] en]gies1 ,%e roam'd ! fields ( ,nature1 scann'd ! laws ,t move ! rul+ atoms1 *ang+ /ill1 ,/ill ris+ into life4 ,h] eagle eye1 ,pi]c+ ! blue imm5sity ( space1 ,held conv]se ) ! lucid sons ( ,heav51 ,! day-/>s ( creation1 or pursu$ ,! dusky planets roll+ r\nd ! ,sun1 ,& dr9k+ 9 8 radiance light & life4 ,su* 0 ! ,maid56 ,su* 0 %e :o fl$ ,h] native %ores4 ,d>k 9 ! midnight cl\d1 ,:5 ! wild bla/ ^u its p9ions bore ,! dy+ %rieks ( ,er9's injur$ sons1#ad ,%e 'scap$ ! murd]]'s arm4 ,! ,briti% b>k ,bore h] across ! ocean4 ,f ! ,we/ ,! :irlw9d rose1 ! fire-fraught cl\ds ( ,heav5 ,7 m+l$ ) ! wave4 ,! %att]'d b>k ,sunk at ?y feet1 ,bol]ium1 & ! :ite surge ,clos$ on gre5 ,er9's daught]4 #aj ,! ,l&'s ,end 9 ,cornwall4 #aa ,! granite ( ,cornwall is g5]ally f\nd incumb5t on primitive s*i/us4 ,?is is ! case 9 _m ( ! cliffs at ! ,l&'s ,end4 ,! upp] /ratum is compos$ ( granite1 ! l[] ) ! surr\nd+ rocks ( s*i/us4 ,d4 #ab ,! ,isl&s ( ,scilly4 #ac ,a rock ne> ! ,l&'s ,end1 call$ ! ',iri% ,lady4' #ad ,! ,iri% ,lady 0 %ipwreck$ at ! ,l&'s ,end1 ab\t ! "t ( ! massacre ( ! ,iri% ,prote/ants by ! ,ca?olics1 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ! ,fir/4 ,t ! ,g5ius :o presid$ ov] ! de/9ies ( ,davy %\ld h torn him f ^! fl[]y regions ( ,fancy1 & condemn$ him to lab\r 9 ! dusky cav]ns ( ! m9]al k+dom1 has furni%$ a fruitful !me ( lam5tation to ! b& ( ,poets1 & to ^? :o pref] ! amusem5ts to ! pr(its ( life1 & :o *]i% ! halluc9ations ( ! imag9ation r ?an ! tru?s ( sci5ce4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we regret t ,davy's ,muse1 l ,pros]p9e1 %\ld h be5 ?us viol5tly seiz$1 & c>ri$ (f to ! l[] regions1 z %e 0 weav+ h] native wild fl[]s into a g>l&1 we may console ourselves 9 kn[+ t1 l ! daught] ( ,c]es1 %e also obta9$ ! privilege ( occasionally revisit+ h] native b[]s2 = x w appe> 9 ! c\rse ( ^! memoirs1 t 9 ! int]vals ( m ab/ruse /udies1 ,davy n unfrequ5tly amus$ himself ) poetical composition4 ,b1 9 sob] tru?1 is x possible t any reasonable be+ c regret ! c\rse 9 :i* he has be5 impell$8 ,a great poetic ,g5ius has said1 ,if ,davy _h n be5 ! fir/ ,*emi/1 he w\ld h be5 ! fir/ ,poet ( 8 age4 ,^u ?is "q ,i d n feel myself a compet5t judge3 b :]e is ! mod]n ,esau :o w\ld ex*ange 8 ,bak]ian ,lecture = a poem1 ?\gh x %\ld equal 9 design & execution ! ,,p>adise ,,lo/8 ,z f> z c be asc]ta9$1 "o ( ! fir/ orig9al exp]im5ts 9 ,*emi/ry p]=m$ by him at ,p5zance1 0 = ! purpose ( discov]+ ! quality ( ! air conta9$ 9 ! bladd]s ( sea-we$1 9 ord] to obta9 results 9 support ( a fav\rite !ory ( light2 & to asc]ta9 :e!r1 z l& vegetables are ! r5ovators ( ! atmosph]e ( l&-animals1 sea-vegetables might n be ! pres]v]s ( ! equilibrium ( ! atmosph]e ( ! ocean4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts he conclud$1 t ! diff]5t ord]s ( ! m>9e ,cryptogamia 7 capable ( decompos+ wat]1 :5 assi/$ by ! attraction ( light = oxyg54 ,8 in/rum5ts1 h[ev]1 7 ( ! rude/ description1 manufactur$ by himself out ( ! motley mat]ials :i* *ance ?rew 9 8 way2 ! pots & pans ( ! kit*51 & ev5 ! m sacr$ vessels & pr(essional in/rum5ts ( ! surg]y1 7 )\t ! lea/ hesitation or remorse put 9 requisition4 ,:ile ^u ?is subject1 ,i w relate an anecdote :i* 0 communicat$ to me by my late v5]able fri5d ,mr4 ,?omas ,giddy4#ae ,a ,fr5* vessel hav+ be5 wreck$ (f ! ,l&'s ,end1 ! surgeon escap$1 & f\nd 8 way to ,p5zance2 accid5t br\ght him acqua9t$ ) ,humphry ,davy1 :o %[$ him _m civilities1 & 9 return receiv$1 z a pres5t f ! surgeon1 a case ( in/rum5ts :i* _h be5 sav$ f ! %ip4 ,! cont5ts 7 eag]ly turn$ out & exam9$ by ! "y *emi/1 n1 h[ev]1 ) any pr(essional view z to _! utility1 b 9 ord] to asc]ta9 h[ f> !y might be conv]tible to exp]im5tal purposes4 ,! old-fa%ion$ & clumsy gly/] app>atus 0 view$ ) exultation1 & seiz$ 9 triumph6--,:at rev]ses may n be sudd5ly effect$ by a simple accid5t6 s says ! morali/4 ,read]1 behold an illu/ration3--9 ! brief space ( an h\r1 did ?is long-neglect$ & unobtrusive ma*9e1 em]g+ f its obscurity & insignificance1 figure away 9 all ! pomp & glory ( a complicat$ piece ( pneumatic app>atus3 nor did its =tunes end "h2 x 0 de/9$ = great] ?+s2 & we %all h]eaft] le>n t x actually p]=m$ ! duties ( an air-pump1 9 an orig9al exp]im5t on ! nature & s\rces ( heat4 ,! mo/ humble means may c]ta9ly accompli% ! highe/ ends3 ! filam5t ( a spid]'s web has be5 us$ to measure ! motions ( ! />s2 & a kite1 made ) two cross /icks & a silk h&k]*ief1 enabl$ ! *emical ,prome!us to rob ! ?und]-cl\d ( its lightn+s2 b t a worn-out in/rum5t1 su* z has be5 j describ$1 %\ld h furni%$ him :o 0 born to revolutionize ! sci5ce ( ! age1 ) ! only means ( enquiry at t "t )9 8 rea*1 af=ds1 x mu/ be admitt$1 a v :imsical illu/ration ( our maxim4 #ae ,i _c allude to ?is "n1 )\t pay+ a tribute ( respect to ! memory ( "o :o1 = m ?an half a c5tury1 practis$ ! pr(ession ( a surgeon 9 ,p5zance ) z mu* cr$it to himself1 z advantage to 8 neighb\rhood4 ,nor c we pass ov] ^! circum/ances1 )\t obs]v+ h[ mat]ially !y mu/ h influ5c$ ! subsequ5t success ( ,davy z an exp]im5tali/4 ,_h he1 at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 c>e]1 be5 furni%$ ) all ^? appliances :i* he enjoy$ at a lat] p]iod1 x is m ?an probable t he might nev] h acquir$ t wond]ful tact ( manipulation1 t ability ( sugge/+ exp$i5ts1 & ( contriv+ app>atus s z to meet & surm\nt ! difficulties :i* mu/ ev] beset ! philosoph] 9 ! unbeat5 tracks ( ,sci5ce4 ,9 ?is art1 he c]ta9ly /&s unrivall$1 &1 l 8 prototype ,s*eele1#af or t pione] ( pneumatic exp]im5tali/s1 ,dr4 ,prie/ley1#ag he 0 unque/ionably indebt$ = 8 address to ! circum/ances above relat$4 ,!re nev]1 p]haps1 0 a m /rik+ exemplification ( ! adage1 t necessity is ! p>5t ( inv5tion4 #af ,b]gman1 ,pr(essor ( ,upsal1 0 in=m$ ( a "y man :o resid$ 9 ! h\se ( an apo!c>y1 & :o 0 reproa*$ = neglect+ ! duties ( 8 pr(ession1 :ile he devot$ ! :ole ( 8 "t to ,*emi/ry4 ,b]gman's curiosity 0 excit$2 he paid him a visit1 & 0 a/oni%$ at ! k he display$1 & at ! pr(\nd rese>*es 9 :i* he 0 engag$1 not)/&+ ! pov]ty "u :i* he lab\r$1 & ! re/ra9t "u :i* 8 situation plac$ him4 ,he enc\rag$ 8 ard\r1 & made him 8 fri5d4 ,?is "y man 0 ! celebrat$ ,s*eele4 #ag ,no man ev] ent]$ ^u an und]tak+ ) less app>5t means ( success1 ?an did ,prie/ley ^u t ( ,*emi/ry4 ,he nei!r possess$ app>atus1 nor ! money to procure x4 ,^! circum/ances1 :i* at fir/ sight seem s adv]se1 7 9 reality ^? :i* contribut$ to 8 ultimate success4 ,! bran* ( ,*emi/ry he select$ 0 new2 an app>atus _h to be inv5t$ be=e any important /ep c\ld be tak52 & z simplicity is ess5tial 9 e rese>*1 he 0 likely to contrive ! be/ ^: circum/ances oblig$ him to att5d to economy4 ,x w\ld h[ev] appe> t1 imp]fect z mu/ h be5 8 app>atus1 & limit$ z 7 8 res\rces1 8 ambition v e>ly l$ him to ! inve/igation ( ! mo/ ab/ruse & recondite ph5om5a4 ,he 0 n m ?an sev5te5 :5 he =m$ a /rong op9ion adv]se to ! g5]al belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( caloric1 or ! mat]iality ( heat4 ,z ,i %all h]eaft] h occasion to draw a p>allel betwe5 ! intellectual qualities ( ,davy1 & ^? ( ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,black1 ! fa!r ( mod]n *emi/ry1 x may n be irrelevant to /ate1 9 ?is place1 t ! subject ( heat 0 also among/ ! fir/ t attract$ ! att5tion ( ?is latt] philosoph]2 inde$1 he tells u himself1 t he c sc>cely rememb] ! "t1 :5 he _h n "s idea ( ! disagreem5t ( facts ) ! commonly receiv$ doctr9es ^u ?is subject4 ,! t5d5cy ( 8 m9d1 h[ev]1 0 9 direct opposition to t ( ,davy's1 = he insi/$ ^u ! mat]iality ( heat1 & 0 ! fir/ to conceive ! bold idea ( its be+ capable1 l any o!r sub/ance1 ( ent]+ into *emical comb9ation ) v>i\s bodies1 & ( ?us los+ its *>act]i/ic qualities4 ,black's !ory c\ld n be m oppos$ to t ( ,davy ?an 0 8 conduct ^u ! occasion2 =1 al?\gh an exp]im5t sugge/$ itself to 8 m9d1 by :i*1 z he ?\ght1 he c\ld at once e/abli% ! tru? ( 8 fav\rite doctr9e1 he delay$ p]=m+ x1 because !re did n happ5 to be an ice-h\se 9 ! t[n 9 :i* he liv$4 ,) ,davy1 on ! o!r h&1 ! conception & execution ( an exp]im5t 7 ne>ly simultane\s3 no soon]1 !re=e1 _h he =m$ 8 op9ion1 ?an 8 eag] _s urg$ him to put x to ! te/4 ,hav+ procur$ a piece ( clock-"w1 s contriv$ z to be set to "w 9 an exhau/$ receiv]1 he add$ two horizontal plates ( brass2 ! upp] "o1 c>ry+ a small metallic cup to be fill$ ) ice1 revolv$ 9 contact ) ! l[] "o4 ,! :ole ma*9e1 re/+ on a plate ( ice1 0 cov]$ by a glass receiv]1 & ! air 0 exhau/$ by ! v syr+e1 +5i\sly modifi$ = ! purpose1 ) :i* ! read] has already be5 made acqua9t$3 =1 z yet1 he _h no air-pump1 &1 :at is /ill m wor?y ( notice1 _h nev] ev5 se5 "o6 ,! ma*9e 0 n[ set 9 motion1 :5 ! ice 9 ! small cup 0 soon obs]v$ to melt2 :5ce he inf]r$ t ?is effect c\ld alone proce$ f vibratory motion1 s9ce ! :ole app>atus 0 insulat$ f all accession ( mat]ial heat1 by ! froz5 mass bel[1 & by ! vacuum ar\nd x4 ,! exp]im5t 0 aft]w>ds repeat$ ) great] c>e1 & by means ( a m ref9$ app>atus3 x 0 modifi$ 9 diff]5t ways2 & ! results 7 ultimately publi%$ 9 an ,essay1 to be h]eaft] notic$1 ,on ,heat1 ,light1 & ! ,comb9ations ( ,light1 :i* appe>$ 9 a prov9cial collection ( tracts1 edit$ by ,dr4 ,b$does1 at ,bri/ol4 ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 9 describ+ ! above exp]im5t 9 8 late address to ! ,royal ,society1 v ju/ly obs]v$ t x does n at all decide ! important matt] 9 dispute1 ) respect to an e!real or transc5d5tal fluid2 b t few "y m5 remote f ! society ( p]sons conv]sant ) sci5ce1 w pres5t !mselves1 :o are capable ( devis+ any ?+ s +5i\s4 ,dr4 ,h5ry1 9 a pap] publi%$ 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,man*e/] ,society1 on ent]+ into a review ( ?is & simil> exp]im5ts1 v truly /ates1 t ! mode ( insulation is n only imp]fect1 b t1 accord+ to ,c\nt ,rum=d1 caloric w ev5 pass ?r\gh a ,torricellian vacuum4 ,! mo/ prom95t circum/ance 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is p]iod ( ,davy's life1 is 8 introduction to ,mr4 ,davies ,giddy1 n[ ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 ! late di/+ui%$ & popul> ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is happ5$ is z curi\s z its result 0 important2 & x furni%es ano!r v /rik+ illu/ration ( ! p[] ( simple accid5t 9 direct+ our de/9ies4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t's att5tion 0 attract$ to ! future philosoph]1 z he 0 c>elessly sw++ ov] ! hat*1 or half gate1 ( ,mr4 ,borlase's h\se1 by ! humor\s contortions into :i* he ?rew 8 features4 ,davy1 x may be rem>k$1 :5 a boy1 possess$ a c\nt5ance :i*1 ev5 9 its natural /ate1 0 v f> f comely1 :ile 8 r\nd %\ld]s1 inh>moni\s voice1 & insignificant mann]1 7 calculat$ to produce any ?+ r ?an a fav\rable impression3 9 rip] ye>s1 he 0 :at might be call$ good-look+1 al?\gh1 z a wit ( ! day obs]v$1 8 aspect 0 c]ta9ly ( ! ,bucolic "*4 ,! *ange :i* 8 p]son und]w5t1 aft] 8 promotion to ! ,royal ,in/itution1 0 s rapid1 t1 9 ! days ( ,h]odotus1 x w\ld h be5 attribut$ to no?+ less ?an ! miracul\s int]position ( ! ,prie/esses ( ,hel54 ,a p]son1 :o happ5$ to be walk+ ) ,mr4 ,gilb]t ^u ! occasion allud$ to1 obs]v$ t ! extraord9>y-look+ boy 9 "q 0 "y ,davy1 ! ,c>v]'s son1 :o1 he add$1 0 said to be fond ( mak+ *emical exp]im5ts4 ,*emical exp]im5ts6 exclaim$ ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 ) mu* surprise3 if t be ! case1 ,i mu/ h "s conv]sation ) him4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 z we all "k1 possesses a /rong p]ception ( "*1 & he !re=e soon discov]$ ample evid5ce ( ! boy's s+ul> g5ius4 ,aft] sev]al int]views1 :i* confirm$ him 9 ! op9ion he _h =m$1 he (f]$ "y ,humphry ! use ( 8 libr>y1 or any o!r assi/ance t he might require = ! pursuit ( 8 /udies2 & at ! same "t gave him an invitation to 8 h\se at ,tr$rea1 ( :i* he frequ5tly avail$ himself4 ,dur+ "o ( 8 visits1 ,mr4 ,gilb]t accompani$ him to ,hayle ,copp]-,h\se1 & introduc$ him to ,dr4 ,edw>ds1 a g5tleman aft]w>ds kn[n to ! m$ical pr(ession z ! *emical lectur] 9 ! s*ool ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital2 at ! "t1 h[ev]1 allud$ to1 he resid$ at ,copp]-,h\se ) 8 fa!r1 & possess$ a well-appo9t$ laboratory4 ,! tumultu\s delight :i* ,davy express$ on see+1 = ! fir/ "t1 a quantity ( *emical app>atus1 hi!rto only kn[n to him ?r\gh ! m$ium ( engrav+s1 is describ$ by ,mr4 ,gilb]t z surpass+ all description4 ,! air-pump m especially fix$ 8 att5tion1 & he work$ its pi/on1 exhau/$ ! receiv]1 & op5$ its valves1 ) ! simplicity & joy ( a *ild engag$ 9 ! exam9ation ( a new & fav\rite toy4 ,x is a curi\s circum/ance1 t ! ph5om5a result+ f ! contact ( iron & copp]1 9 ! inve/igation ( :i* ,davy 0 de/9$ to p]=m s prom95t a "p1 7 v e>ly notic$ by ,mr4 ,edw>ds 9 ?is place2 :o f\nd t ! flood-gates 9 ! ,port ( ,hayle decay$ ) a rapidity :olly inexplicable1 b ^u ! supposition ( "s *emical action betwe5 ! metals :i* _h n yet be5 cle>ly expla9$4 ,h[ little did ,mr4 ,edw>ds imag9e t ! fact1 :i* _h s p[]fully excit$ 8 curiosity1 w\ld become to ! y\? be=e him1 a future s\rce ( ri* & hon\rable discov]y6 ,dur+ ! foll[+ ye>1 an ev5t occurr$ :i* contribut$1 9 no small degree1 to ! advancem5t ( ,davy's prospects4 ,mr4 ,gregory ,watt1 :o _h long be5 9 a decl9+ /ate ( heal?1 0 recomm5d$ by 8 physicians to reside = "s "t 9 ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 & he accord+ly proce$$ at once to ,p5zance1 & took up 8 abode1 z a lodg] & bo>d]1 9 ! h\se ( ,mrs4 ,davy4 ,x may be suppos$ t two k9dr$ spirits w\ld n be long 9 contract+ an acqua9tance ) ea* o!r2 9 fact1 an intimacy ( ! w>me/ nature did ultimately gr[ up betwe5 !m1 & cont9ue to ! v mom5t ( ,mr4 ,watt's premature dissolution3 ! orig9 & progress ( _! fri5d%ip1 h[ev]1 are too curi\s to be pass$ ov] )\t "s notice4 ,mr4 ,gregory ,watt possess$ a w>m & affectionate he>t2 b !re 0 a solemn1 ari/ocratic coldness 9 8 mann]1 :i* repuls$ e approa* to famili>ity4 ,davy1 x has be5 already /at$1 did n at t "t possess any ( ^? qualifications1 9 p]son or mann]1 :i* are calculat$ to produce fav\rable prepossessions4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be readily imag9$ h[ ,mr4 ,watt mu/ h felt1 on f9d+ ! son ( 8 l&lady famili>ly address+ him on subjects ( metaphysics & poetry4 ,by "o ( ^? /range p]v]sions :i* h s frequ5tly l$ great m5 to conceal ! peculi>ity ( _! tal5ts1 & to re/ _! claims to notice & respect ^u qualifications :i* !y possess$ only 9 an inf]ior degree1 ,davy s\ght to +ratiate himself ) ,mr4 ,watt by metaphysical discussions2 b1 in/ead ( ! admiration1 he excit$ ! disgu/ ( 8 he>]4 ,x 0 by m]e accid5t t an allusion 0 fir/ made to *emi/ry1 :5 ,davy flippantly obs]v$1 t he w\ld und]take to demoli% ! ,fr5* !ory 9 half an h\r4 ,he _h t\*$ ! *ord3 ! int]e/ ( ,mr4 ,watt 0 excit$1--he conv]s$ ) ,davy ^u 8 *emical pursuits1--he 0 at once a/oni%$ & delight$ at 8 sagacity1--! b>ri] ( ice 0 remov$1 & !y became atta*$ fri5ds4 ,mr4 ,w$gwood1 & 8 bro!r ,?omas1 also sp5t a w9t] at ,p5zance2 & ,i h reason to believe t _! fri5d%ip 0 ( sub/antial b5efit to ,davy4 ,be=e ,i att5d ! progress ( our philosoph] to ! next sc5e ( life1 or proce$ to detail ! circum/ances connect$ ) 8 dep>ture f ,p5zance1 ,i mu/ relate ! foll[+ anecdote4--,until ! =mation ( ! ,geological ,society ( ,london occasion$ ! introduction ( m ext5d$ & s\nd] views into ! sci5ce1 geologi/s 7 divid$ into two great rival sects1--into ,neptuni/s & ,plutoni/s3 ! "o affirm+ t ! globe 0 exclusively indebt$ = its pres5t =m & arrangem5t to ! ag5cy ( wat]2 ! o!r1 admitt+ to a c]ta9 ext5t ! op]ation ( wat]1 b ma9ta9+ ! utt] impossibility ( expla9+ ! consolidation ( ! /rata )\t ! int]v5tion ( fire4 ,e geologi/ felt b\nd to side ) ! "o or ! o!r ( ^! cont5d+ p>ties1 = neutrality 0 held z disgraceful z ?\gh ! law ( ,solon _h be5 9 active op]ation4 ,i %all n easily =get ! d9 & fury ( ?is elem5tal w>1 z x rag$ 9 ,ed9burgh :5 ,i 0 a /ud5t 9 t ,univ]sity2 ev5 ! m9]al deal]s1 :o1 l ! artisans ( a neutral city1 sold arms & ammunition to bo? sides1 /ill def5d$ _! own op9ions ) p>ty fury4 ,x 0 amus+ to obs]ve ! triumph & dismay :i*1 by turns1 animat$ & depress$ ea* side1 z ! discov]y ( a new fact1 or a fre% specim51 appe>$ to give a prepond]ance to ! doctr9e ( fire or wat]4 ,! fact ( s l>ge a portion ( ! /rata be+ f\nd 9 ! /ate ( a c>bonate 0 advanc$ by ! ,neptuni/s z an unansw]able argum5t aga9/ igne\s ag5cy3 ! dismay !re=e :i* ?is sect receiv$ ^u ! discov]y ( ,sir ,james ,hall1 t "u ! comb9$ =ces ( heat & compression1 c>bonate ( lime might be fus$1 0 only equall$ by ! excessive joy excit$ 9 ! cont5d+ p>ty4 ,we may =m "s notion ( ! high importance atta*$ to ?is discov]y1 :5 we le>n t its au?or appli$ to ! ,gov]nm5t = a flag ( truce to convey illu/rative specim5s to ! ,cont95tal philosoph]s4 ,x s happ5$1 t ! ,pr(essors ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge rang$ !mselves "u opposite bann]s3 ,dr4 ,b$does 0 a viol5t & uncompromis+ ,plutoni/1 :ile ,pr(essor ,hail/one 0 z decid$ a ,neptuni/4 ,! rocks ( ,cornwall1 & _! granitic ve9s1 _h be5 appeal$ to1 z af=d+ evid5ce ^u ! subject2 & ! two ,pr(essors1 :o1 al?\gh adv]se 9 op9ion1 7 unit$ 9 fri5d%ip1 det]m9$ to proce$ toge!r to ! field ( dispute1 ea* hop+ t he might ?us conv9ce ! o!r ( 8 error1 & cure him ( 8 h]esy4 ,! bellig]5ts arriv$ at ,p5zance1 & 9 company ) _! mutual fri5d1 ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 exam9$ ! coa/1 & procur$ specim5s ) pretty mu* ! same _s ( selection z a s*oolboy consults 8 ,gradus1 n = an epi!t ( any mean+1 b = "o :i* be/ suits 8 measure2 & hav+ made draw+s1 disput$ obvi\s appe>ances1 r5d]$ t :i* 0 cle> to ! s5ses1 confus$ to ! und]/&+1 & :at 0 already confus$1 t5 times m obscure1 !y return$1 ! op9ion ( ea*1 z might easily h be5 anticipat$1 hav+ be5 /r5g!n$ by ! ordeal3 ! "o prote/+ t ! v aspect ( ! %iv]$ slate 0 suffici5t to prove t ! globe mu/ h be5 roa/$ to rags2 ! o!r1 ) equal plausibility1 decl>+ t !re 0 n a tittle ( evid5ce to %[ t ! wat]y solv5t _h ev] ev5 simm]$4 ,su*1 9 fact1 mu/ ev] be ! case1 :5 philosoph]s exam9e ! same subject "u su* diff]5t impressions1 & 9 su* opposite po9ts ( view2 l ! two knights :o c\ld n agree respect+ ! col\r ( ! %ield1 only because ea* saw a diff]5t side ( x4 ,rocks1 x is said1 h fl9ty he>ts1 & c]ta9 x is t1 ^u ?is occasion1 ,cornwall did n af=d t assi/ance aga9/ ! ,neptuni/s1 :i* ! ,ox=d ,pr(essor _h s\ght ) s mu* zeal & confid5ce2 b if def]r$ rev5ge _h1 z we are told is g5]ally ! case1 be5 put out at comp\nd int]e/1 & ,b$does _h exact$ its dues ) m ?an judaical rig\r1 x mu/ be all[$ t ,cornwall1 by plac+ ,davy at 8 disposal1 w\ld h fully cancell$ all dem&s4 ,plutonian ,b$does1 er/1 9 spiteful ire1 ,to see a ,hail/one mock 8 c5tral fire1 ,a mighty _s rais$1 by ^: device ,we n[ burn ,,hail/ones1 & set fire to ,ice4 ,be=e quitt+ ?is subject1 x is b ju/ice to adv]t to ! progress :i* ,geology has made s9ce ! turbul5ce ( ?is conte/ has subsid$2 x has gr[n /rong 9 facts1 & is daily increas+ its /ores4 ,x has be5 wisely said by "o ( ! anci5t ,poets1 t 9 vehem5t disputes1 n only ! p]sons engag$1 b e "o :o is at all int]e/$1 mu/ suff]2 n only ! combatants1 b ! spectators ( ! combat1--= x is difficult to appreh5d tru? :ile x is ! subject ( angry conte/4 ,to return to ! n>rative4--,^u ,b$does e/abli%+ ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution at ,bri/ol1 he requir$ an assi/ant :o might sup]9t5d ! necess>y exp]im5ts 9 ! laboratory2 & ,mr4 ,gilb]t propos$ ,davy z a p]son fully compet5t to fill ! situation4 ,! "y c&idate _h already produc$ a v fav\rable impression ^u ,dr4 ,b$does1 by 8 exp]im5ts ^u ,heat & ,light1 :i* he _h "s "t be=e transmitt$ to him ?r\gh ! h&s ( 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,gregory ,watt4 ,?is fact may be collect$ f a note app5d$ by ,dr4 ,b$does to ,davy's pap] subsequ5tly publi%$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,we/ ,c\ntry ,contributions1 9 :i* ! ,doctor says1 ,my fir/ k ( ,mr4 ,davy arose f a lett] writt5 9 ,april #agih1 conta9+ an acc\nt ( 8 rese>*es on ,heat & ,light4 ,! re/ is told 9 ! lett]s :i* pass$ on ?is occasion betwe5 ,dr4 ,b$does & ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 & f :i* ,i %all make su* extracts z may be necess>y to complete ! hi/ory ( a transaction ( mu* int]e/ & importance4 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,july #d1 #agih1 ,dr4 ,b$does says1 ,i am glad t ,mr4 ,davy has impress$ y z he has me4 ,i h long wi%$ to write to y ab\t him1 = ,i ?9k ,i c op5 a m fruitful field ( inve/igation ?an any body else4 ,is x n also 8 mo/ direct road to =tune8 ,%\ld he n br+ out a fav\rable result1 he may /ill exhibit tal5ts = inve/igation1 & entitle himself to public confid5ce m effectually ?an by any o!r mode4 ,he mu/ be ma9ta9$1 b ! fund w n furni% a sal>y f :i* a man c lay up any ?+4 ,he mu/ also devote 8 "t = two or ?ree ye>s to ! inve/igation4 ,i wi% y w\ld conv]se ) him ^u ! subject4 ,no d\bt he has receiv$ my two la/ lett]s4 ,i am sorry ,i _c at ?is mom5t specify a ye>ly sum1 nor c ,i say ) c]ta9ty :e!r all ! subscrib]s w acc$e to my plan2 mo/ ( !m w1 ,i d\bt n4 ,i h writt5 to ! pr9cipal ones1 & w lose no "t 9 s\nd+ !m all4 ,9 a second lett] ( ! #ah? ( ,july1 we f9d ! foll[+ obs]vations4 ,i h receiv$ a lett] f ,mr4 ,davy s9ce ,i wrote to y4 ,he has (t5] ?an once m5tion$ a g5teel ma9t5ance1 z a prelim9>y to 8 be+ employ$ to sup]9t5d ! ,pneumatic ,hospital4 ,i fe> ! funds w n all[ an ample sal>y2 he mu/1 h[ev]1 be ma9ta9$4 ,i c atta* no idea to ! epi!t g5teel1 b p]haps all difficulties w\ld vani% 9 conv]sation2 at lea/1 ,i ?9k y\r conv]s+ ) ,mr4 ,davy w be a m likely way ( smoo?+ difficulties1 ?an our correspond5ce4 ,x appe>s to me1 t ?is appo9tm5t w be> to be consid]$ z a "p ( ,mr4 ,davy's m$ical education1 & t x w be a great sav+ ( exp5se to him4 ,x may also be ! f\ndation ( a lucrative reputation2 & c]ta9ly no?+ on my "p %all be want+ to secure to him ! cr$it he may des]ve4 ,he does n und]take to discov] cures = ?is or t disease2 he may acquire j applause by br++ out cle>1 ?\gh negative results4 ,dur+ my j\rneys into ! c\ntry1 ,i h pick$ up a v>iety ( important & curi\s facts f diff]5t practition]s4 ,?is has sugge/$ to me ! idea ( collect+ & publi%+ su* facts z ?is "p ( ! c\ntry w1 f "t to "t1 af=d4 ,if ,i c\ld procure *emical exp]im5ts1 t bore any relation to organis$ nature1 ,i w\ld ins]t !m4 ,if ,mr4 ,davy does n dislike ?is me?od ( publi%+ 8 exp]im5ts1 ,i w\ld gladly place !m at ! head ( my fir/ volume1 b ,i wi% n t he %\ld make any sacrifice ( judgm5t or incl9ation4 ,x rema9s only to be /at$1 t ,mr4 ,gilb]t k9dly und]took ! negotiation1 & complet$ x to ! satisfaction ( all ! pr9cipal p>ties4 ,mrs4 ,davy yield$ to h] son's wi%es1 & ,mr4 ,borlase v g5]\sly surr5d]$ 8 ind5ture1 ) an endorsem5t to ! foll[+ effect1--t he freely gave up ! ind5ture1 on acc\nt ( ! s+ul>ly promis+ tal5ts :i* ,mr4 ,davy _h display$4 ,8 old & valu$ fri5d ,mr4 ,tonk91 h[ev]1 n only express$ 8 disapprobation ( ?is s*eme1 b 0 s vex$ & irritat$ at hav+ 8 fav\rite plan ( fix+ ,davy 9 8 native t[n z a ,surgeon1 ?us ?w>t$1 t he actually alt]$ 8 w1 & revok$ ! legacy ( 8 h\se :i* he _h previ\sly bequea!d him4 ,mr4 ,tonk9 di$ on ! #bd? ( ,decemb] #ahja2 s t1 al?\gh he liv$ long en\gh to witness ,davy's appo9tm5t to ! ,royal ,in/itution1 he c\ld nev] h anticipat$ ! elevation to :i* 8 g5ius & tal5ts ultimately rais$ him4 ,on ! #bnd ( ,octob] 9 ! ye> #agih1 ,davy quitt$ ,p5zance1 be=e he _h atta9$ 8 tw5tie? ye>4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t well rememb]s meet+ him ^u 8 j\rney to ,bri/ol1 & breakfa/+ ) him at ,okehampton1 on ! #d? ( ,octob]4 ,he 0 9 ! highe/ spirits1 & 9 t frame ( m9d 9 :i* a man ( ard5t imag9ation id5tifies e successful occurr5ce ) 8 own =tunes2 8 exhil>ation1 !re=e1 0 n a little height5$ by ! arrival ( ! mail-coa* f ,london1 cov]$ ) laurels & ribbons1 & br++ ! news1 s *e]+ to e ,engli% he>t1 ( ,,nelson',s glori\s victory ( ! ,,nile4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,cursory ?\ghts on ! advantages ( ,biography4--,plan & objects ( ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution4--,davy contracts fri5d%ips dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,bri/ol4--,8 fir/ visit to ,london4--,8 ,lett]s to ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t4--,! publication ( ! ,we/ ,c\ntry ,contributions1 by ,dr4 ,b$does4--,davy's ,essays on ,heat1 ,light1 & ,respiration4--,8 int]e/+ exp]im5ts on bonnet canes4--,he comm5ces an enquiry into ! nature ( nitr\s oxyd4--,he publi%es 8 *emical rese>*es4--,a critical exam9ation ( ! "w4--,te/imony ( ,tob91 ,clayfield1 ,s\!y1 & o!rs1 respect+ ! p[]s ( nitr\s oxyd4--,davy brea!s c>burett$ hydrog5 gas1 & ne>ly p]i%es f its effects4--,8 new ,galvanic exp]im5ts communicat$ 9 a ,lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t4 ,hav+ conclud$ ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! subject ( ^! memoirs1 & conduct$ x to t memorable day on :i* he left 8 native t[n1 & bur/+ f obscurity1 prep>$ to ent] ^u a wid] field ( usefulness & hon\r1 ,i %all accompany him 9 8 progress2 & ) ! hone/ desire ( af=d+ in/ruction z well z amusem5t1--= hi/ory is useful only z x holds up ! mirror ( ,tru?1--,i %all cont9ue to po9t out ! v>i\s circum/ances t may h contribut$ to 8 success & sci5tific r5[n2 & to (f] su* occasional reflections z may be likely to illu/rate n only ! sup]ficial peculi>ities :i* con/itute ! light & %ade ( "*1 b ^? deep] v>ieties ( m9d1 ^u :i* ! sup]iority ( intellect may be suppos$ to dep5d4 ,aft] all1 ! great end ( biography is n to be f\nd1 z "s w\ld seem to imag9e1 9 a s]ies ( dates1 or 9 a collection ( gossip+ anecdotes & table-talk1 :i*1 in/ead ( light+ up & vivify+ ! features1 hang z a cl\d ( du/ ^u ! portrait2 b x is to be f\nd 9 an analysis ( human g5ius1 & 9 ! developem5t ( ^? elem5ts ( ! m9d1 to ^: v>i$ comb9ations1 & nicely adju/$ proportions1 ! m5tal habits1 & intellectual peculi>ities ( di/+ui%$ m5 may be readily ref]r$4 ,x has be5 /at$ t an arrangem5t _h be5 conclud$ betwe5 ,dr4 ,b$does & ,davy3 x is b an act ( ju/ice to say1 t x 0 ( a lib]al & hon\rable description2 & let me also add 9 ?is place1 t no soon] _h ,davy f\nd himself 9 a situation :i* secur$ = him ! necess>ies ( life1 ?an he r5\nc$ all claims ^u 8 pat]nal prop]ty1 9 fav\r ( 8 "m & si/]s4 ,by acc$+ to ! proposal ( ,dr4 ,b$does1 he nev] int5d$ to ab&on ! pr(ession 9 :i* he _h emb>k$2 on ! contr>y1 he p]sev]$ 9 8 det]m9ation to /udy & graduate at ,ed9burgh1 & 8 patron promis$ t e opportunity %\ld be af=d$ him at ,bri/ol = see+ m$ical practice3 ?is "p ( ! arrangem5t1 h[ev]1 0 volunt>ily ab&on$ by him1 = he soon became s absorb$ by ! lab\rs ( ! laboratory1 z to leave little leisure = ! cl9ical /udies ( ! hospital4 ,! ,pneumatic ,in/itution 0 e/abli%$ = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ ! m$ical p[]s ( factiti\s airs or gases2 & to ,davy 0 assign$ ! (fice ( sup]9t5d+ ! v>i\s exp]im5ts4 ,x is n[ g5]ally ackn[l$g$1 t ! ,art ( ,physic has n d]iv$ any direct advantage f ! application ( a class ( ag5ts :i*1 und\bt$ly1 held =? ! faire/ promise ( b5efit2 b x is too frequ5tly ! case1 t 9 physic1 !ory & exp]i5ce are 9 op5 ho/ilities ) ea* o!r4 ,! gases are n[ nev] employ$ 9 ! treatm5t ( disease1 except by a few crafty or ignorant empirics1 ^: bus9ess x is to enri* !mselves by play+ on ! cr$ulity ( mank9d3 inde$1 we may say ( popul> rem$ies 9 g5]al :at ,m4 de ,lagrange has s wittily said ( popul> prejudices1 t !y are ! ca/-(f clo!s ( philosoph]s1 9 :i* ! rabble dress !mselves4 ,! inve/igation1 h[ev]1 into ! nature & composition ( ! gases pav$ ! way to "s new & important discov]ies 9 sci5ce2 s t1 to borr[ a ,baconian metaphor1 al?\gh our philosoph]s fail$ 9 obta9+ ! treasure = :i* !y s eag]ly dug1 !y at lea/1 by turn+ up & pulv]iz+ ! soil1 r5d]$ x f]tile4 ,! +5uity ( ! *emi/ w = ev] rema9 on record2 ! phantoms ( ! physicians h vani%$ into air4 ,davy 0 n[ con/antly engag$ 9 ! prosecution ( new exp]im5ts1 9 ! conception ( :i*1 z he himself in=ms u1 he 0 greatly aid$ by ! conv]sation & advice ( ,dr4 ,b$does4 ,he 0 also occasionally assi/$ by ,mr4 ,william ,clayfield1 a g5tleman ard5tly atta*$ to *emical pursuits1 & ^: "n is n unkn[n 9 ! annals ( sci5ce2 inde$1 x appe>s t to him he 0 indebt$ = ! inv5tion ( a m]curial air-hold]1 by :i* he 0 enabl$ to collect & measure ! v>i\s gases submitt$ to exam9ation4 ,he _h also ! advantages ( "s society ( a highly intellectual ca/3 x is suffici5t to m5tion ! names ( ,edgewor? & ,james ,tob94 ,9 reply to a lett] ( enquiry :i* 0 lately address$ to h]1 ,miss ,edgewor? obs]ves1 t h] fa!r possess$ mu* influ5ce ov] ,davy's m9d2 & t :5 he 0 a v "y man at ,clifton1 unkn[n to fame1 ,mr4 ,edgewor? e>ly di/+ui%$ & w>mly admir$ 8 tal5ts1 & gave him mu* c\nsel1 :i* sunk deep into 8 m9d4 ,! pres5t ,"l ,durham & 8 bro!r 7 also resid5t 9 ! h\se ( ,dr4 ,b$does1 n only = _! education1 b = ! b5efit ( 8 pr(essional sup]9t5d5ce4 ,besides ^? :o 7 resid+ at ,clifton1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ 9 ! circles ( sci5ce & lit]ature paid pass+ visits to ,dr4 ,b$does2 ) _m ( :om ,davy contract$ an acqua9tance1 ) "s an intimacy1 & ) a few a solid & p]man5t fri5d%ip4 ,9 exam9+ ! individuals compos+ ?is latt] class1 we f9d !m diff]+ s widely f ea* o!r 9 "* & pursuit1 t we are l$ to enquire ^u :at pr9ciples ( aff9ity 8 reg>ds c\ld possibly h be5 attract$--! tru? is1 t !re 0 m ?an "o av5ue to 8 he>t2 & ! philosoph]1 ! poet1 ! physician1 ! philan?ropi/1 & ! sportsman1 f\nd ea*1 ^u diff]5t t]ms1 a m or less ready access to its recesses4 ,! *emi/ :o w\ld aspire to 8 fav\r1 c\ld alone obta9 x by labori\s application & novel rese>*2 ! philan?ropi/1 by ! practicability ( 8 s*emes = improv+ society1 & increas+ ! sum ( its happ9ess2 b ! fi%]man in/antly caught 8 affections by a hook & l9e4 ,to be a fly-fi%] 01 9 8 op9ion1 to possess ! capabilities ( intellectual di/9ction1 al?\gh circum/ances might n h conspir$ to call !m into action2 :il/ a pr(ici5cy 9 ?is art1 :5 exhibit$ by an individual o!rwise di/+ui%$1 gave him an additional claim to 8 att5tion & reg>d4 ,! /]n c\rage ( ,nelson1 temp]$ z x 0 ) all ! k9dly feel+s ( humanity1 0 suffici5t to excite 9 ! brea/ ( ,davy ! mo/ en?usia/ic admiration2 b ! circum/ance ( 8 hav+ be5 a fly-fi%]1 & cont9u$ ! sport1 ev5 ) 8 left h&1 ?rew1 9 8 op9ion1 a /ill bright] halo ar\nd 8 "*4 ,no "o :o knew him c accuse him ( incon/ancy 9 8 fri5d%ips3 amid/ ! excitem5ts ( 8 /ation1 & ! ab/ractions incid5t to 8 pursuits1 he might n always h %[n ^? little att5tions :i* are receiv$ by ! _w z ! indications ( p]sonal reg>d2 b 8 he>t beat n less w>mly on t acc\nt3 :5 ! flame ( affection _h be5 once k9dl$1 x burnt ) a pure & /eady light ?r\gh life4 ,?is w be readily se5 9 ! lett]s address$ to 8 sev]al e>ly fri5ds1 m especially to ,mr4 ,poole ( ,ne!r ,/[ey1 9 ,som]set%ire1 & to ,mr4 ,clayfield ( ,bri/ol1 f :i* ,i %all h occasion to pres5t "s int]e/+ extracts4 ,^? :o _h become acqua9t$ ) him 9 e>ly life1 & 7 enabl$ to wat* ! :ole progress ( 8 c>e] f obscurity to ! highe/ p9nacle ( fame1 h decl>$ t 8 extraord9>y tal5ts nev] at any p]iod excit$ great] a/oni%m5t & admiration ?an dur+ 8 %ort resid5ce at ,bri/ol4 ,8 simplicity ( m9d & mann] 0 also at ?is "t truly delightful4 ,he sc>cely knew ! names ( our be/ au?ors1 mu* less read any ( _! works2 yet ^u topics ( moral philosophy & metaphysics he w\ld ent] into discussion ) ackn[l$g$ s*ol>s1 & n only delight !m ) ! native en]gy ( 8 m9d1 b in/ruct !m by ! novelty & tru? ( 8 conceptions4 ,mr4 ,col]idge lately express$ to me ! a/oni%m5t he felt1 v %ortly aft] 8 introduction to him1 on he>+ him ma9ta9 an argum5t ^u "s ab/ruse subject ) a g5tleman equally di/+ui%$ = ! ext5t ( 8 erudition1 & = ! tal5t ( r5d]+ x available = illu/ration2--! contra/ 0 mo/ /rik+--x 0 ! fre% & native wild fl[]1 oppos$ to ! elaborate exotic ( ! ,hortus ,siccus6 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he occasionally visit$ 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,gregory ,watt1 at ,birm+ham2 at :i* place 8 ambition 0 con/antly excit$ by int]c\rse ) cong5ial m9ds2 & 8 lett]s to 8 "m & relations repres5t him z rejoic+ 9 ! success ( 8 exp]im5ts1 & z delight+ 9 8 association ) k9dr$ g5ius2 b always ca/+ a long+1 l+]+ ?\ght on ! sc5es ( 8 boyhood1 he spoke ) joyful anticipation ( ! p]iod at :i* he propos$ to revisit 8 "m & family4 ,t he /ill cont9u$ to reg>d ! practice ( physic z ! great end & object ( all 8 pursuits1 is evid5t f "o ( ^! lett]s1 writt5 9 #agii1 9 :i* he says1 ,philosophy1 ,*emi/ry1 & ,m$ic9e1 are my pr(ession4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,decemb] #agii he visit$ ,london = ! fir/ "t1 & rema9$ ab\t a =tnight2 ! fri5ds ) :om he associat$ ^u ?is occasion 7 ,col]idge1 ,s\!y1 ,gregory ,watt1 ,und]wood1 ,james & ,john ,tob91 ,?omson1 & ,clayfield2 all ( :om vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 _! ex]tions to r5d] 8 visit agreeable1 conduct+ him to su* p]sons & places z 7 deem$ wor?y ( 8 notice4 ,( all ! lett]s plac$ at my disposal1 ^? address$ to 8 e>ly fri5d & patron1 ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 are1 9 my judgm5t1 ! mo/ int]e/+3 x is true1 t z specim5s ( epi/ol>y /yle !y h b sl5d] pret5sions1 & are f> less pleas+ ?an ^? writt5 to ,mr4 ,poole & o!rs1 9 lat] life2 b let x be rememb]$ t1 z yet1 _! writ] _h nev] enjoy$ ! advantages ( lit]>y correspond5ce4 ,= ! defects1 h[ev]1 ( /yle1 !re is m ?an suffici5t comp5sation2 !y speak f ! he>t2--!y c>ry ) !m int]nal evid5ce ( ! hone/ simplicity ( 8 m9d1 & !y ?r[ a light ^u ! peculi>ities ( 8 g5ius1 :i* )\t su* aid might be less p]fectly und]/ood2 above all1 !y ev9ce an ard\r :i* no difficulties c\ld repress1 & a confid5ce :i* no failures c\ld ext+ui%4 ,we cle>ly disc]n f 8 fir/ lett]s1 t he ent]$ ^u 8 c>e] ( exp]im5t ) an almo/ *ivalr\s feel+1 flu%$ ) ! consci\sness ( native /r5g?1 & exult+ 9 ! prospect ( de/9$ a*ievem5ts4 ,i am aw>e t !re are ^? :o /ill object1 ) ,dr4 ,sprat1 to ! practice ( publi%+ lett]s :i* 7 nev] int5d$ = ! public eye1 & ,i exp]i5ce ! inconv5i5ce1 :ile ,i respect ! delicacy1 ( su* an op9ion4 ,i confess1 on my own "p1 ,i h always consid]$1 ) ,mr4 ,mason1 t ! objections urg$ by ! le>n$ hi/orian ( ! ,royal ,society are :olly unt5able4 ,he talks ( ! s\ls ( m5 ?us appe>+ undress$1 or 9 a habit too neglig5t to g abroad 9 ! /reets1 al?\gh !y might be se5 by a few 9 a *amb]4 ,b ! undress he w\ld condemn1 is ! nak$ness ( ,tru?--! neglig5t attire1 ! simple & unadorn$ expression ( ^? natural & significant traits1 ^: value incomp>ably exce$s ! prem$itat$ & artificial exhibitions ( m9d & mann]4 ,nam 9 +5io quoque sicut 9 agro1 quanquam alia diu s]antur atque elaborantur1 gratiora tam5 qu sua sponte nascuntur4#ah #ah ,dialogus de ,oratoribus1--,tacit4 ,i _c b suspect t ,dr4 ,sprat 01 ^u ?is occasion1 m anxi\s to display a metaphor1 ?an to illu/rate a tru?4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght a v curi\s book might be writt5 to %[ h[ greatly1 bo? 9 physics & 9 morals1 ! progress ( tru? has be5 ret>d$1 & ! judgm5t ( m5 w>p$1 by ! abuse ( metaphors2 ! mo/ correct ( :i* c be no?+ m ?an ! image ( ,tru? reflect$1 z x 71 f a mirror1 & consequ5tly liable to all ! delusions ( our m5tal optics4 ,! figure by :i* ,nature 0 repres5t$ z abhorr+ a vacuum1 kept u 9 ignorance ( ! true !ory ( ! pump = two ?\s& ye>s aft] ! discov]y ( ! weight1 or gravity1 ( ! atmosph]e2#ai & ! un=tunate ,p4 ,l4 ,c\ri] positively ow$ 8 conviction to a metaphor 9 ! ,judge's *>ge--,un crt ple9 de poison4--,well might ! def5dant exclaim1 ,sauvez-n\s de la ,metaphore6 #ai ,plut>*1 9 express+ ! op9ion ( ,asclepiades ^u ?is subject1 repres5ts him z say+1 t ! ext]nal air1 by its weight1 op5$ its way ) =ce into ! brea/4 ,s5eca also 0 acqua9t$ ) ! weight & ela/ic =ce ( ! air2 = he describes ! con/ant ef=t by :i* x exp&s itself :5 x is compress$1 & affirms t x has ! prop]ty ( cond5s+ itself1 & ( =c+ its way ?r\gh all ob/acles t oppose its passage4--,qu/4 ,nat4 lib4 v4 c4 v4 & vi4 ,! fir/ ( ! lett]s to :i* ,i h allud$ appe>s to h be5 writt5 r m ?an five weeks aft] 8 arrival at ,clifton4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,clifton1 ,novemb] #ab1 #agih4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i h purposely delay$ writ+ until ,i c\ld communicate to y "s intellig5ce ( importance conc]n+ ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution4 ,! spe$y execution ( ! plan w1 ,i ?9k1 int]e/ y1 bo? z a subscrib] & a fri5d to sci5ce & mank9d4 ,! pres5t subscription is1 we suppose1 ne>ly adequate to ! purpose ( inve/igat+ ! m$ic9al p[]s ( factiti\s airs2 x /ill cont9ues to increase1 & we may hope = ! ability ( pursu+ ! inve/igation to its full ext5t4 ,we are negotiat+ = a h\se 9 ,d[rie ,squ>e1 ! proximity ( :i* to ,bri/ol1 & its g5]al situation & advantages1 r5d] x v suitable to ! purpose4 ,! funds w1 ,i suppose1 enable u to provide = eight or t5 pati5ts 9 ! hospital1 & = z _m out ( x z we c procure4 ,we %all try ! gases 9 e possible way4 ,!y may be cond5s$ by pressure & r>efi$ by heat4 ,qu]e1--w\ld n a p[]ful inject+ syr+e1#bj furni%$ ) two valves1 "o op5+ into an air-hold] & ! o!r into ! brea?+ *amb]1 answ] ! purpose ( compression bett] ?an any o!r app>atus8 ,c y n1 f y\r ext5sive /ores ( philosophy1 furni% u ) "s h9ts on ?is subject8 ,may n ! non-respirable gases furni% a class ( diff]5t /imuli8 ( :i* ! oxymuriatic acid gas w\ld /& ! highe/1 if we might judge f its effects on ! lungs2 !n1 probably1 gase\s oxyd ( azote1 & hydro-c>bonate4 ,i suppose y h n he>d ( ! discov]y ( ! native sulphate ( /rontian 9 ,engl&4 ,i %all p]haps surprise y by /at+ t we h x 9 l>ge quantities "h4 ,x _h long be5 mi/ak5 = sulphate ( b>ytes1 till our fri5d ,clayfield1 on endeav\r+ to procure ! muriate ( b>ytes f x by decomposition1 detect$ ! /rontian4 ,we op5$ a f9e ve9 ( x ab\t a =tnight ago1 at ! ,old ,passage ne> ! m\? ( ! ,sev]n4 ,x 0 embodi$ 9 lime/one & gypsum1 ! outside ( ! ve91 a /riat$ mass2 ! int]nal p>ts f9ely cry/alliz$ 9 cubes1 ( ! ,sp4 ,gr4 #da4 ,clayfield has be5 work+ at x = "s "t4 ,we h p]suad$ him to publi% 8 analysis 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,we/]n ,physical ,collection4 ,i h made ) him ! phosphuret ( b>ytes & ( /rontian3 !y possess1 9 common ) t ( lime1 ! prop]ty ( produc+ phosphoriz$ hydrog5 gas2 ! phosphuret ( /rontian1 x appe>s1 9 a m em95t degree4 ,we h likewise attempt$ to decompose ! boracic & muriatic acids1 by pass+ phosphorus1 9 vap\r1 ?r\gh muriate1 & borate ( lime1 heat$ r$4 ,phosphate ( lime 0 f\nd 9 ! exp]im5t on ! boracic acid2 b1 z no pneumatic app>atus 0 employ$1 ! exp]im5t 0 unc]ta94 ,we %all repeat !m next week4 ,we are pr9t+ 9 ,bri/ol ! fir/ volume ( ! ',we/ ,c\ntry ,collection1' :i* w1 ,i suppose1 be out 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,janu>y4 ,mrs4 ,b$does hopes t ,miss ,giddy receiv$ h] lett]1 & desires me to c]tify t %e wrote almo/ imm$iately aft] ! reception ( h] epi/le4 ,%e is z good1 amiable1 & elegant z :5 y saw h]4 ,believe me1 de> ,sir1 ) affection & respect1 ,truly y\r's1 ,,humphry ,,davy4 #bj ,"h ! read] w recognise ! =ce ( e>ly associations4 ,! "w ann\nc$ 9 ! above lett] 0 publi%$ 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> #agii1 "u ! title ( ,contributions to ,physical & ,m$ical ,k1 pr9cipally f ! ,we/ ( ,engl&2 collect$ by ,?omas ,b$does1 ,m4,d4 ,! fir/ two hundr$ pages1 con/itut+ v ne>ly half ! volume1 are ! composition ( ,davy1 & consi/ ( essays ,on ,heat1 ,light1 & ! ,comb9ations ( ,light4 ,on ,phos-oxyg51 or ,oxyg5 & its ,comb9ations2 & ,on ! ,!ory ( ,respiration4 ,8 fir/ essay comm5ces ) an exp]im5t1 9 ord] to %[ t light is n1 z ,lavoisi] suppos$1 a modification1 or an effect1 ( heat1 b matt] ( a peculi> k9d1 sui g5]is1 :i*1 :5 mov+ ?r\gh space1 or 9 a /ate ( projection1 is capable ( becom+ ! s\rce ( a num]\s class ( our s5sations4 ,a small gunlock 0 arm$ ) an excell5t fl9t1 &1 on be+ snapp$ 9 an exhau/$ receiv]1 did n produce any light4 ,! exp]im5t 0 repeat$ 9 c>bonic acid1 & ) a simil> result4 ,small p>ticles 7 9 ea* case sep>at$ f ! /eel1 :i*1 on microscopic exam9ation1 evid5tly appe>$ to h und]gone fusion4 ,:5ce ,davy argu$1 t light _c be caloric 9 a /ate ( projection1 or x mu/ h be5 produc$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 :]e heat exi/$ to an ext5t suffici5t to fuse /eel4 ,nor1 t x c be1 z "s h suppos$1 a vibration ( ! imag9>y fluid e!r2 =1 grant+ ! exi/5ce ( su* a fluid1 x mu/ h be5 pres5t 9 ! receiv]4 ,if1 !n1 light be nei!r caloric 9 a /ate ( projection1 nor ! vibration ( an imag9>y e!r1 x mu/1 he says1 be a sub/ance sui g5]is4 ,) reg>d to caloric1 8 op9ion t x is n1 l light1 mat]ial1 has be5 already notic$4 ,9 ! pres5t essay he ma9ta9s ! proposition by ! same me?od ( reason+ z t by :i* he attempts to e/abli% ! mat]iality ( light1 & :i* ma!maticians h t]m$ ! r$uctio ad absurdum4 ,9 8 *apt] on ,light & its ,comb9ations1 he indulges 9 speculations ( ! wilde/ nature1 al?\gh x mu/ be confess$ t he has infus$ an int]e/ into !m :i* might almo/ be call$ dramatic4 ,!y are c]ta9ly highly *>act]i/ic ( t enlight5$ fancy1 :i* 0 p]petually on ! w+1 & ^: flight1 :5 aft]w>ds temp]$ & direct$ by judgm5t1 enabl$ him to ab/ract ! ri*e/ treasures f ! recesses ( ab/ract tru?4 ,tak+ x = grant$ t caloric has no exi/5ce z a mat]ial body1 or1 9 o!r words1 t ! ph5om5a ( repulsion d n dep5d ^u ! ag5cy ( a peculi> fluid1 & t1 on ! contr>y1 light is a subtle fluid act+ on our organs ( vision only :5 9 a /ate ( repulsive projection1 he proce$s to exam9e ! ,fr5* !ory ( combu/ion2 ! defects ( :i* he consid]s to arise f ! assumption ( ! imag9>y fluid caloric1 & ! total neglect ( light4 ,he conceives t ! light evolv$ dur+ combu/ion previ\sly exi/$ 9 ! oxyg5 gas1 :i* he !re=e proposes = ! future to call ,,phos-,,oxyg54#ba #ba ,brugnatelli consid]$ t oxyg51 9 c]ta9 cases ( comb9ation1 ent]$ into union ) diff]5t bodies1 )\t p>t+ ) its caloric2 & 9 t /ate he gave x ! "n ( ,,!rm-,,oxyg52 s t ,davy _h a prec$5t = 8 nom5clatural innovation4 ,9 foll[+ up ?is "q1 he w\ld seem to consid] ,light z ! ,anima ,mundi1 diffus+ ?r\gh ! univ]se n only organization1 b ev5 animation & p]ception4 ,phos-oxyg5 he consid]s z capable ( comb9+ ) additional proportions ( ,light1 & ( ?us becom+ 'lum9at$ ,phos-oxyg56'--f ! decomposition ( :i*1 & ! consequ5t lib]ation ( light1 he seeks to expla9 _m ( ! mo/ recondite ph5om5a ( ,nature4 ,we _c b admire ! eag]ness ) :i* he enli/s kn[n facts into 8 s]vice1 & ! boldness ) :i* he ranges ! wilds ( creation 9 se>* ( analogies = ! support & illu/ration ( 8 views4 ,he imag9es t ! ,phos-oxyg51 :5 ?us lum9at$1 mu/ necess>ily h its specific gravity consid]ably dim9i%$ by ! comb9ation1 & t x w !re=e occupy ! high] regions ( ! atmosph]e2 h5ce1 he says1 x is t combu/ion takes place at ! tops ( m\nta9s at a l[] temp]ature ?an 9 ! pla9s1 & ) a great] lib]ation ( light4 ,! hydrog5 :i* is dis5gag$ f ! surface ( ! e>?1 he supposes1 w rise until x comes into contact ) ?is lum9at$ ,phos-oxyg51 :51 by its attract+ ! oxyg5 to =m wat]1 ! light w be set free1 & give orig9 to ! ph5om5a ( fi]y meteors at a great altitude4 ,! ph5om5on t]m$ ',phosphoresc5ce1' or t lum9\s appe>ance :i* c]ta9 bodies exhibit aft] exposure to heat1 is attribut$ by ?is !ory to ! light1 :i* may be suppos$ to quit su* sub/ances z soon z its p>ticles h acquir$ repulsive motion by elevation ( temp]ature4 ,! ,electric ,fluid is consid]$ z ,light 9 a cond5s$ /ate1 or1 9 o!r words1 9 t peculi> /ate 9 :i* x is n suppli$ ) a repulsive motion suffici5tly en]getic to imp>t projection to its p>ticles2 =1 he obs]ves1 t its *emical action ^u bodies is simil> to t ( ,light2 & :5 suppli$ ) repulsive motion by friction1 or by ! contact ( bodies f :i* x is capable ( subtract+ x1 x loses ! projectile =m1 & becomes p]ceptible z ,light4 ,x is extremely probable1 he adds1 t ! great quantity ( ?is fluid almo/ ev]y:]e diffus$ ov] our e>? is produc$ by ! cond5sation ( ,light1 9 consequ5ce ( ! subtraction ( its repulsive motion by black & d>k bodies2 :ile x may aga9 recov] ! projectile =ce by ! repulsive motion ( ! poles1 caus$ by ! revolution ( ! e>? on its axis1 & ?us appe> aga9 9 ! /ate ( s5sible light2 & h5ce ! ph5om5on ( ! ,aurora ,borealis1 or ,nor!rn ,lights4 ,9 consid]+ ! !ory ( ,respiration1 he supposes t phos-oxyg5 comb9es ) ! v5\s blood )\t decomposition2 b t1 on rea*+ ! bra91 ! light is lib]at$ 9 ! =m ( ,electricity1 :i* he believes to be id5tical ) ! n]v\s fluid4 ,on ?is supposition1 s5sations & ideas are no?+ m ?an motions ( ! n]v\s e!r2 or light excit+ ! m$ull>y sub/ance ( ! n]ves & bra9 into s5sitive action6 ,he ?9ks x w\ld be wor? :ile to try1 by a v s5sible electromet]1 :e!r an insulat$ muscle1 :5 /imulat$ into action1 w\ld n give indications ( ! lib]ation ( electric fluid1 al?\gh he suspects t 9 man ! quantity is probably too small1 & too sl[ly lib]at$1 to be asc]ta9able4 ,9 ! torp$o1 & 9 "s o!r animals1 h[ev]1 x is unque/ionably giv5 out p]ceptibly dur+ animal action4 ,:5 any consid]able *ange takes place 9 ! organic matt] ( ! body1 s z to de/roy ! p[]s ( life1 new *emical attractions & repulsive motions take place1 & ! diff]5t pr9ciples ( :i* ! body is compos$ ent] into new comb9ations4 ,9 ?is process1 :i* is call$ putrefaction1 ,davy1 9 pursuance ( ?is !ory1 ?9ks t 9 l&-animals ! lat5t light ( ! sy/em ent]s into new comb9ations ) oxyg5 & nitrog51 b t 9 fi% no su* comb9ations occur1 & h5ce ! lum9\s appe>ance :i* accompanies _! putrefaction4 ,su* is ! outl9e ( ^! extraord9>y ,essays4 ,!y /& ^u record1 & !re=e1 z a fai?ful biograph]1 ,i 0 b\nd to notice !m2 nor are !y devoid ( int]e/ or in/ruction3 ,i am n q sure t1 amid/ all ! meteors ( 8 fancy1 !re may n be a gleam ( tru?4 ,i allude to 8 !ory ( ,respiration3 x c]ta9ly does n squ>e a) ! physiological op9ions ( ! day2 nor did t ( ,newton1 :5 he conjectur$ t wat] might conta9 an inflammable elem5t2 b x 0 ! refraction ( a great tru?1 at t "t bel[ ! horizon4 ,x 0 a v anci5t op9ion1 t life1 be+ 9 its own nature ari=m1 is "u ! necessity ( r5ew+ itself by inspir+ ! air4 ,mod]n *emi/ry1 by tea*+ u ! nature ( ! atmosph]e1 has dispell$ _m fanciful !ories ( its action1 b x has n yet expla9$ :y respiration1 ! fir/ & la/ act ( life1#bb _c be susp5d$1 ev5 = a m9ute1 )\t ! ext9ction ( vitality4 ,:5 we reflect ^u ?is fact1 x is sc>cely possible n to believe t ! function has be5 orda9$ = "s great] purpose ?an t ( remov+ a portion ( c>bon f ! circulat+ blood4 ,is x unreasonable to conclude t "s pr9ciple is ?us imp>t$1 :i* is too subtle to be long reta9$ 9 our vessels1 & too important to be disp5s$ )1 ev5 = ! %orte/ p]iod8 ,i (f] ?is op9ion1 z ,montaigne says1 n z be+ good1 b z be+ my own4 #bb ,brea? & life are synonym\s4 ,9 ! ,greek1 ! mo/ philosophically con/ruct$ language ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 ?is fir/ & la/ act is express$ by a v]b compos$ ( alpha & omega--,greek3 a4 ,9 ! ,lat91 ! connexion betwe5 spiro & spiritus1 brea? & life1 is evid5t4 ,by ^! obs]vations1 ,i am n to be suppos$ z wi%+1 = a mom5t1 to uphold ! wild hypo!ses :i* ,i h j relat$2 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! !ory ( phos-oxyg5 & lum9at$ phos-oxyg5 has sc>cely a p>allel 9 extravagance & absurdity2 & ,i happ5 to "k t1 9 aft] life1 ,davy bitt]ly regrett$ t he _h s committ$ himself2 any allusion to ! subject became a s\rce ( pa9ful irritation4 ,x is to be rem>k$1 t 9 e c\rse ( lectures1 al?\gh ,davy did n ref] to ^! !ories1 he frequ5tly allud$ to ! unphilosophic _s t _h giv5 orig9 to !m2 z if he _h impos$ ^u himself ?is p5ance z an atonem5t = 8 e>ly follies4 ,! foll[+ note 0 tak5 at "o ( 8 lectures3--,aft] :at has be5 said1 x w be useless to ent] ^u an exam9ation ( any ( ^? !ories1 :i*1 assum+ = _! f\ndation ! connexion ( life ) respiration1 h attempt$ to prove t oxyg5 is ! pr9ciple ( life1 & t ! wond]ful & my/]i\s ph5om5a ( p]ception arise f ! action ( common gravitat+ sub/ances ^u ea* o!r4 ,su* !ories are ! dreams ( misemploy$ g5ius1 :i* ! light ( exp]im5t & obs]vation has nev] conduct$ to tru?1 & are m]ely a collection ( t]ms d]iv$ f kn[n ph5om5a1 & appli$ by loose analogies ( language to unkn[n ?+s4 ,! read]1 h[ev]1 w be dispos$ to treat him ) all t5d]ness :5 he rememb]s t ! au?or ( ^! ,essays 0 b>ely eighte5 ye>s ( age4 ,if blame is to fall on any "o1 let x fall on ,dr4 ,b$does1 :o nev] %\ld h sanction$ ! publication3 _h he curb$ ! ard5t & untam$ imag9ation ( ! "y philosoph]1 he w\ld h act$ ! "p ( a wise man & ( a k9d fri5d4 ,b ! tru? is1 t mu* z ,davy ne$$ ! bridle1 ,b$does#bc requir$ x /ill m2 =1 not)/&+ 8 tal5ts1 he 0 z little fitt$ = a ,m5tor z a wea!rcock = a compass2 & _h x n be5 = ! asc5d5cy :i* ,davy ga9$ ov] 8 m9d1 ! ard\r ( 8 temp]am5t w\ld h cont9ually urg$ him beyond ! b\nds ( reason4 #bc ,! only pun ,davy is said to h ev] made 0 ^u ! occasion ( ,mr4 ,sadl] be+ appo9t$ by ,dr4 ,b$does z 8 successor4 ,i _c imag9e1 said he1 :y he has engag$ ,sadl]1 unless x is t he may be well bridl$4 ,caught by ! loose/ analogies1 he w\ld arrive at a conclusion )\t exam9+ all ! conditions ( 8 problem4 ,9 ! ex]cise ( 8 pr(ession1 !re=e1 he 0 frequ5tly l$ to prescribe plans :i* he felt x necess>y to retract ! next h\r4 ,8 fri5d ,mr4 ,t---- _h occasion to consult him ^u ! case ( 8 wife3 ! ,doctor prescrib$ a new rem$y2 b1 9 ! c\rse ( ! day he return$ 9 ha/e1 & begg$ t1 be=e ,mrs4 ,t---- took ! m$ic9e1 its effect might be tri$ on a dog6 ,! foll[+ anecdote1 :i* 0 lately communicat$ to me by ,mr4 ,col]idge1 w n only illu/rate a trait ( "*1 b furni% a salut>y lesson to ! cr$ul\s patron ( empirics4 ,z soon z ! p[]s ( nitr\s oxide 7 discov]$1 ,dr4 ,b$does at once conclud$ t x mu/ necess>ily be a specific = p>alysis4 ,a pati5t 0 select$ = ! trial1 & ! managem5t ( x 0 entru/$ to ,davy4 ,previ\s to ! adm9i/ration ( ! gas1 he ins]t$ a small pocket !rmomet] "u ! tongue ( ! pati5t1 z he 0 accu/om$ to d ^u su* occasions1 to asc]ta9 ! degree ( animal temp]ature1 ) a view to future comp>ison4 ,! p>alytic man1 :olly ignorant ( ! nature ( ! process to :i* he 0 to submit1 b deeply impress$1 f ! repres5tations ( ,dr4 ,b$does1 ) ! c]ta9ty ( its success1 no soon] felt ! !rmomet] betwe5 8 tee? ?an he conclud$ t ! talisman 0 9 full op]ation1 & 9 a bur/ ( en?usiasm decl>$ t he already exp]i5c$ ! effects ( its b5ign influ5ce ?r\gh\t 8 :ole body3--! opportunity 0 too tempt+ to be lo/--,davy ca/ an intellig5t glance at ,mr4 ,col]idge1 & desir$ ! pati5t to r5ew 8 visit on ! foll[+ day1 :5 ! same c]emony 0 aga9 p]=m$1 & repeat$ e succe$+ day = a =tnight1 ! pati5t gradually improv+ dur+ t p]iod1 :5 he 0 dismiss$ z cur$1 no o!r application hav+ be5 us$ ?an t ( ! !rmomet]4 ,dr4 ,b$does1 f :om ! circum/ances ( ! case _h be5 int5tionally conceal$1 saw 9 ! re/oration ( ! pati5t ! confirmation ( 8 op9ion1 & ! fulfilm5t ( 8 mo/ ard5t hope--,nitr\s ,oxide 0 a specific rem$y = ,p>alysis6 ,x 7 crim9al to ret>d ! g5]al promulgation ( s important a discov]y2 x 7 cruel to delay ! communication ( ! fact until ! publication ( ano!r volume ( 8 ',contributions2' ! p]iodical magaz9es 7 too sl[ 9 _! rate ( travell+1--a fly+ pamphlet w\ld be m exp$iti\s2 p>agraphs 9 ! newspap]s2 circul>s to ! hospitals3--su* 7 ! reflections & plans :i* successively agitat$ ! physician's m9d1 :5 8 eyes 7 op5$ to ! unwelcome tru? by ,davy's confess+ ! delusion t _h be5 practis$4 ,a %ort "t aft] ! publication ( ! fir/ volume ( ! ,contributions1 ,davy address$ to 8 fri5d ! foll[+ lett]3-- ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,clifton1 ,feb4 #bb1 #agii4 ,,de> ,,fri5d1--= ,i love y too well to call y by a m c]emoni\s "n1--,i h delay$ writ+ to y f day to day1 expect+ t "s ( our exp]im5ts w\ld produce results wor?y ( communication4 ,s9ce ,i receiv$ y\r la/ v acceptable lett]1 ,i h be5 *iefly employ$ 9 pursu+ ! exp]im5ts on ,heat1 ,light1 ,respiration1 c4 ,( ^! exp]im5ts ,i %all give y no acc\nt1 z y w see !m 9 pr9t4 ,i s5t y a copy ( my ,essays la/ week2 if y h n receiv$ !m1 ,i tru/ y w f9d !m at my "m's1 or at ,mr4 ,tonk9's4 ,9 ! same p>cel 7 two small packets1 "o f ,mrs4 ,b$does = y\r fa!r1 ! o!r = ,miss ,giddy f ,mrs4 ,will\ghby4 ,ab\t a =tnight ago ,i s5t a few *emical in/rum5ts to ,mr4 ,p5neck ( ,p5zance2 & inclos$ ) !m 7 specim5s ( ! diff]5t v>ieties ( sulphate ( /rontian address$ to y4 ,if y h n receiv$ !m1 y w get !m by s5d+ to ,mr4 ,p5neck4 ,on look+ ov] a box ( m9]als la/ week1 :i* 0 s5t to ,dr4 ,b$does f ,cumb]l&1 ,i f\nd two v f9e specim5s ( sulphate ( /rontian1 m>k$ by ! collector ,lam9at$ ,%orl4 ,i suspect ?is m9]al is n sc>ce 9 calc>e\s c\ntries2 x is1 ,i d>e say1 (t5 mi/ak5 = sulphate ( b>ytes4 ,i h succe$$ 9 comb9+ /rontian ) ! oxyg5at$ muriatic acid4 ,?is salt possesses mo/ a/oni%+ prop]ties2#bd y w f9d an acc\nt ( !m 9 my ,essay4 ,:5 y h p]us$ my pap]s1 ,i %all be v mu* oblig$ to y = a criticism ^u !m4 ,:5 ,i left ,p5zance1 ,i 0 q an infant 9 speculation1--,i knew v little ( ,light or ,heat4 ,i am n[ z mu* conv9c$ ( ! non-exi/5ce ( caloric1 z ,i am ( ! exi/5ce ( light4 ,indep5d5t ( ! exp]im5ts :i* appe> to demon/rate its non-exi/5ce directly1 & ( :i* y w f9d an acc\nt 9 my ,essay1 ! consid]ation ( c]ta9 ph5om5a leads me to suppose t !re w\ld be no difficulty 9 prov+ its non-exi/5ce by reason+4 ,^! consid]ations h occurr$ to me s9ce ! publication ( ! "w4 ,i c\ld n[ r5d] x mu* m p]fect2 b ,i hope soon to complete ! inve/igation ( ! comb9ations ( ,light1 & to produce a mu* m p]fect "w on ! subject4 ,i %all be inf9itely oblig$ to y = any h9ts or obs]vations1 z f> z ! detection ( errors ( any k9d1 = x is no flatt]y to say t ,i pay great] def]5ce to y\r op9ion ?an to t ( any o!r philosoph]4 ,we int5d next week to endeav\r to asc]ta91 by ! aid ( a delicate balance1 ! quantities ( ,light lib]at$ 9 diff]5t combu/ive processes4 ,t !re is a defici5cy ( weight1 ,i am conv9c$ f _m exp]im5ts4 ,! exp]im5ts on ,light1 c4 h prev5t$ me f attempt+ ! decomposition ( ! undecomp\nd$ acids4 ,we h ord]$ an app>atus at ! glass-h\se = ?is purpose1 & ,i hope next week we %all be able to c>ry on ! inve/igation4 ,two modes ( effect+ ^! decompositions h occurr$ to me3--fir/1 to br+ phosphorus or sulphur1 9 ! gase\s /ate1 9 contact ) ! acid gases 9 a tube heat$ int5sely2 secondly1 to s5d sulphur 9 ! gase\s /ate ?r\gh muriate ( copp] or lead1 heat$ :ite4 ,! attraction ( sulphur = oxyg51 ( copp] = oxyg51 & ( sulphur = copp]1 w probably effect ! decomposition4 ,our laboratory 9 ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution is ne>ly f9i%$1 & we %all beg9 ! inve/igations 9 ab\t a =tnight4 ,we %all beg9 by try+ ! gases 9 _! simple/ mode ( application1 & gradually c>ry on ! m complex processes4 ,i hope ! gase\s oxide ( azote w prove to be a specific /imulus = ! absorb5ts4 ,i 0 la/ week surpris$ by a lett] f ,mr4 ,watt1 ann\nc+ ! success ( _! trial4 ,:5 ,i 0 at ,birm+ham five weeks ago1 ! family 7 9 v l[ spirits4 ,i sp5t n9e or t5 days !re1 *iefly ) ,mr4 ,keir & ,mr4 ,watt3 ,i _h a great deal ( *emical conv]sation ) !m4 ,mr4 ,keir is "o ( ! be/-in=m$ m5 ,i h ev] met )1 & extremely agreeable4 ,bo? he & ,mr4 ,watt are /ill phlogitians2 b ,mr4 ,keir altoge!r disbelieves ! doctr9e ( calorique4 ,:at news h y 9 ,cornwall8 ,has ,mr4 ,john ,hawk9s return$ to 8 native c\nty8 he w d\btless be a great acquisition to y4 ,pray d y "k :e!r ! ,zoophyta & m>9e worms are susceptible ( ! galvanic /imulus8 ,exp]im5ts on !m w\ld g f> to det]m9e :e!r ! irritable or s5sitive fibre is prim>ily affect$4 ,i "k ( little g5]al sci5tific news4 ,9 ! la/ volume ( ! ,annales de ,*imie is a curi\s pap] by ,b]?ollet on sulphurat$ hydrog53 he makes x out to be an acid4 ,i %all mo/ anxi\sly expect a lett] f y1 & ,i rema9 ) affection & respect1 ,y\rs1 ,,humphry ,,davy4 #bd ,! foll[+ is ! acc\nt giv5 9 8 ,essay4 ,:5 sulphuric acid 0 p\r$ into a solution ( ?is salt 9 wat]1 a beautiful & unexpect$ ph5om5on took place4 ,! room 0 accid5tally d>k5$ at ! mom5t ?is exp]im5t 0 made1 s t we 7 enabl$ to p]ceive a vivid lum9\s appe>ance4 ,?is exp]im5t1 indep5d5t ( its beauty1 is extremely pleas+ z af=d+ an in/ance ( true combu/ion1 t is1 ! production ( ,light & ,heat by ! mixture ( two incombu/ible bodies4 ,x may be presum$1 t ?is ph5om5on arose f ! developem5t & decomposition ( a portion ( ,eu*lor9e1 a comp\nd :i* he subsequ5tly discov]$ 9 #ahaa4 ,9 ! ye> #ahac1 ,*evreul ann\nc$1 z a new discov]y1 t if /rontian be heat$ 9 contact ) muriatic acid gas1 ! gas is absorb$1 & ! e>?y salt becomes r$ hot4--,see ,annals ( ,philosophy1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cab4 ,! lett] :i* foll[s may be consid]$ z a reply to "o receiv$ f ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 :i*1 x w\ld appe>1 conta9$ /rictures ^u 8 rec5tly publi%$ ,essays4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,april #aj1 #agii4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d1 ,! engagem5ts result+ f ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution1 & f a c\rse ( exp]im5ts1 to :i* ,i h be5 oblig$ to pay great att5tion1 h prev5t$ me f ackn[l$g+ to y my obligations = ! v great pleasure ,i receiv$ f y\r la/ excell5t lett]4 ,9 exp]im5ts on ,light & ,heat1 we h to deal ) ag5ts ^: *anges we are unable directly to e/imate4 ,! mo/ we c hope = is su* an arrangem5t ( facts z w acc\nt = mo/ ( ! ph5om5a4 ,! supposition ( active p[]s common to all matt]1 f ! diff]5t modifications ( :i* all ! ph5om5a ( its *anges result1 appe>s to me m reasonable ?an ! assumption ( c]ta9 imag9>y fluids alone end[$ ) active p[]s1 & be>+ ! same relation to common matt]1 z ! vulg> philosophy supposes _s to be> to matt]4 ,t ! p>ticles ( bodies mu/ move1 or sep>ate f ea* o!r1 :5 !y become exp&$1 is c]ta94 ,a repulsive motion ( ! p>ticles is directly ! cause ( expansion2 & :5 bodies are exp&$ by friction1 "u circum/ances 9 :i* !re c\ld be no heat communicat$ by bodies 9 contact1 no oxidation & no dim9ution ( capacity1 ,i see no difficulty 9 conceiv+ ! repulsive motion g5]at$ by ! me*anical motion4 ,y\r excell5t & truly philosophic obs]vations w induce me to pay great] att5tion to all my positions4 ,x is only by =m+ !ories1 & !n comp>+ !m ) facts1 t we c hope to discov] ! true sy/em ( nature4 ,i w endeav\r v soon to give an answ] to ! rema9+ "p ( y\r excell5t lett]4 ,i h n[ j room to give y an acc\nt ( ! exp]im5ts ,i h lately be5 engag$ 91 ?\gh !y are n mu* connect$ ) light & heat4 ,fir/4--,"o ( ,mr4 ,william ,coate's *ildr5 accid5tally discov]$ t two bonnet-canes rubb$ toge!r produc$ a fa9t light4 ,! novelty ( ?is ph5om5on induc$ me to exam9e x1 & ,i f\nd t ! canes on collision produc$ sp>ks ( light1 z brilliant z ^? f ! fl9t & /eel4 ,secondly4--,on exam9+ ! epid]mis1 ,i f\nd1 :5 x 0 tak5 (f1 t ! canes no long] gave light on collision4 ,?irdly4--,! epid]mis1 subject$ to *emical analysis1 _h all ! prop]ties ( silex4 ,f\r?ly4--,! simil> appe>ance ( ! epid]mis ( re$s1 corn1 & grasses1 induc$ me to suppose t !y likewise conta9$ silex4 ,by burn+ !m c>efully1 & analys+ _! a%es1 ,i f\nd t !y conta9$ x 9 r l>g] proportions ?an ! canes4 ,fif?ly4--,! corn & grasses conta9 suffici5t pota% to =m glass ) _! fl9t4 ,a v pretty exp]im5t may be made on ^! plants ) ! bl[-pipe4 ,if y take a /raw ( :eat1 b>ley1 or hay1#be & burn x1 beg9n+ at ! top1 & heat+ ! a%es ) ! blue flame1 y w obta9 a p]fect globule ( h>d glass fit = microscopic exp]im5ts4 ,i made a discov]y ye/]day :i* proves h[ necess>y x is to repeat exp]im5ts4 ,! gase\s oxide ( azote is p]fectly respirable :5 pure4 ,x is nev] delet]i\s b :5 x conta9s nitr\s gas4 ,i h f\nd a mode ( obta9+ x pure1 & ,i brea!d to-day1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,dr4 ,b$does & "s o!rs1 sixte5 qu>ts ( x = ne> sev5 m9utes4 ,x appe>s to support life long] ?an ev5 oxyg5 gas1 & absolutely intoxicat$ me4 ,pure oxyg5 gas produc$ no alt]ation 9 my pulse1 nor any o!r mat]ial effect2 :]eas ?is gas rais$ my pulse upw>ds ( tw5ty /rokes1 made me dance ab\t ! laboratory z a madman1 & has kept my spirits 9 a gl[ ev] s9ce4 ,is n ?is a pro( ( ! tru? ( my !ory ( respiration8 = ?is gas conta9s m light 9 proportion to its oxyg5 ?an any o!r1 & ,i hope w prove a mo/ valuable m$ic9e4 ,we h upw>ds ( eighty out-pati5ts 9 ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution1 & are go+ on wond]fully well4 ,i %all hope = ! fav\r ( a lett] f y1 & 9 my answ] to x w fully in=m y ( our proce$+s4 ,i h j room to add t ,i am ,y\rs1 ) affection & respect1 ,,humphry ,,davy4 #be ,x is v common1 aft] ! burn+ ( a hay-/ack1 to f9d glass 9 ! a%es4 ,p4 ,i _c suff] ! exp]im5ts ) ! bonnet-canes to pass1 )\t endeav\r+ to infuse into ! read] a portion ( t admiration :i* ,i feel 9 relat+ !m4 ,!y furni% a beautiful illu/ration ( t comb9ation ( obs]vation1 exp]im5t1 & analogy1 fir/ recomm5d$ by ,"l ,bacon1 & s /rictly adopt$ by ,davy 9 all 8 future gr& rese>*es4 ,9 allud+ to ?is discov]y--t silice\s e>? exi/s g5]ally 9 ! epid]mis ( holl[ plants--,davy obs]ves 9 8 agricultural lectures1 t ! silice\s epid]mis s]ves z a support1 protects ! b>k f ! action ( insects1 & seems to p]=m a "p 9 ! economy ( ^! feeble vegetable tribes1 simil> to t p]=m$ 9 ! animal k+dom by ! %ell ( ! cru/ace\s insects4 ,! circum/ance t fir/ l$ him to ! inve/igation ( ! nature ( nitr\s oxide1 or ! gase\s oxide ( azote1 allud$ to 9 ! =ego+ lett]1 has be5 ?us record$ by himself4 ,a %ort "t aft] ,i began ! /udy ( ,*emi/ry1 9 ,m>* #agih1 my att5tion 0 direct$ to ! dephlogi/icat$ nitr\s gas ( ,prie/ley 7nitr\s oxide7 by ,dr4 ,mit*ell's !ory ( ,contagion1 by :i* he attempt$ to prove t dephlogi/icat$ nitr\s gas6 :i* he calls oxide ( septon1 0 ! pr9ciple ( contagion1 & capable ( produc+ ! mo/ t]rible effects1 :5 respir$ by animals 9 ! m9ute/ quantities1 or ev5 :5 appli$ to ! sk91 or muscul> fibre4 ,! fallacy ( ?is !ory 0 soon demon/rat$ by a few co>se exp]im5ts1 made on small quantities ( ?is gas procur$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 f z9c & dilut$ nitr\s acid4 ,w\nds 7 expos$ to its action2 ! bodies ( animals 7 imm]s$ 9 x )\t injury2 & ,i brea!d x1 m+l$ 9 small quantities ) common air1 )\t any rem>kable effects4 ,an inability to procure x 9 suffici5t quantities prev5t$ me1 at ?is "t1 f pursu+ ! exp]im5ts to any great] ext5t4 ,i communicat$ an acc\nt ( !m to ,dr4 ,b$does4 ,8 situation 9 ! ,m$ical ,pneumatic ,in/itution 9 #agii1 impos+ ^u him ! duty ( inve/igat+ ! physiological effects ( su* ari=m fluids z held out any promise ( useful ag5cy1 he resum$ ! inve/igation2 a consid]able p]iod1 h[ev]1 elaps$1 be=e he succe$$ 9 procur+ nitr\s oxide 9 a /ate ( purity2 he 0 !re=e oblig$ to brea! x 9 mixture ) oxyg5 gas1 or common air2 b z no j conclusion c\ld be d$uc$ f ! action ( an impure gas1 he comm5c$ an enquiry = ! purpose ( discov]+ a process by :i* x might be procur$ 9 an uncontam9at$ condition2 :51 aft] a mo/ labori\s inve/igation conc]n+ its composition1 prop]ties1 & comb9ations1 enquiries :i* 7 necess>ily ext5d$ to ! diff]5t bodies connect$ ) nitr\s oxide1 su* z nitr\s gas1 nitr\s acid1 & ammonia1 he 0 enabl$1 by a s]ies ( int]m$iate & comp>ative exp]im5ts1 to reconcile app>5t anomalies1 & ?us1 by remov+ ! great] numb] ( ^? difficulties :i* _h previ\sly obscur$ ?is bran* ( sci5ce1 to pres5t to ! *emical _w ! fir/ satisfactory hi/ory ( ! ,,comb9ations ,,( ,,oxyg5 ,,& ,,nitrog54 ,?us prep>$1 he proce$$ to exam9e ! action ( nitr\s oxide ^u liv+ be+s1 & to comp>e x ) ! effects ( o!r gases ^u man2 & 9 ?is mann] he complet$ its physiological1 z he _h already done its *emical hi/ory4 ,^! int]e/+ results 7 publi%$ 9 a di/9ct volume1 9 ! ye> #ahjj1 entitl$1 ,rese>*es ,*emical & ,philosophical1 *iefly conc]n+ ,nitr\s ,oxide1 & its ,respiration4 ,by ,humphry ,davy1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,m$ical ,in/itution4 ,x may be obs]v$ 9 pass+1 t ! m]its ( ?is "w c\ld nev] h be5 inf]r$ f ! title-page1 :i* its mo/ sangu9e admir]s mu/ admit to be z clumsy & unpromis+ an invitation z an au?or ev] address$ to 8 sci5tific bre?r54 ,among/ ,davy's lett]s to ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 ,i f9d "o writt5 on a pro( %eet ( ! *apt] ( cont5ts ( ! above "w1 & :i* may n be un9t]e/+ 9 ?is place4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,july #c1 #ahjj4 ,t our feel+s1 z well z our actions1 are r5d]$ /rong] & m vivid by habit1 is probable f _m facts1 & f no "o m s ?an t ( procra/9ation4 ,my mu* respect$ fri5d1 two mon?s aft] my return1#bf ,i _h =m$ ! resolution ( writ+ to y2 week aft] week ?is resolution 0 r5ew$ & put (f to a future day1 ) ! hope t ?is day1 by pres5t+ some?+ new1 w\ld enable me to make my lett] m int]e/+4 ,9 va96 ! feel+ ( procra/9ation1 ?us increas$ by association1 at l5g? became s /rong z to prev5t me f writ+ at all4#bg ,i h receiv$ y\r lett]2 x has awak5$ my duties1 & has be5 d\bly welcome1 z be+ unexpect$ & undes]v$4 ,s9ce my return to ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution 9 ,decemb]1 ,i h be5 almo/ incessantly occupi$1 f ,janu>y to ,april1 9 complet+ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts on ,gases1 & _! application2 & f ,april to ! pres5t "t1 9 writ+ & pr9t+ an acc\nt ( !m4 ,i h writt5 ?is lett] on ! table ( cont5ts ( a "w :i* w be publi%$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! mon?1 & ( :i* ,i %all take ! e>lie/ opportunity to s5d y a copy4 ,?is table ( cont5ts w give y a bett] idea ( ! nature & ext5t ( ! inve/igation1 ?an ,i c\ld possibly h giv5 9 a lett]4 ,we h be5 repeat+ ! ,galvanic exp]im5ts ) success4 ,ni*olson1 by means ( a hundr$ pieces ( silv] & z9c1 has procur$ a visible sp>k4 ,cruick%ank has reviv$ oxidat$ metals 9 solution1 by means ( ! nasc5t hydrog5 produc$ f ! decomposition ( wat] by ! %ock2 & bo? he & ,c>lisle h absolutely resolv$ wat] into oxyg5 & hydrog5 by means ( x1 mak+ use ( silv] & plat9a wires4 ,an imm5se field ( inve/igation seems op5$ by ?is discov]y3 may x be pursu$ s z to acqua9t u ) "s ( ! laws ( life6 ,y h1 und\bt$ly1 he>d ( ,h]s*el's discov]y conc]n+ ! production ( heat by invisible rays emitt$ f ! sun4 ,by plac+ "o !rmomet] )9 ! r$ rays1 sep>at$ by a prism1 & ano!r beyond !m1 he f\nd ! temp]ature ( ! outside !rmomet] rais$ m ?an t ( ! inside "o4 ,:5 ,i fir/ he>d ( ,mr4 ,t5nant's discov]y1#bh ,i 0 v mu* /ruck by an obs]vation :i* y long ago made to me1 on ! f]tility ( ! ,corni% l&s1 9 :i* !re 0 decompos$1 feltsp> or s]p5t9e4 ,mr4 ,t5nant sp5t a day "h "s "t ago1 :5 ,i m5tion$ y\r obs]vation to him1 b he c\ld n give any solution ( ! ph5om5on4 ,qu]e4--,z lime & magnesia are probably bo? subs]vi5t to vegetation1 only f supply+ plants ) c>bonic acid1 may n lime1 :5 m+l$ ) magnesia1 9 ! process ( vegetation1 r5d] x p>tially cau/ic1 & ?us enable x to de/roy !m8 ,y\r obs]vation on ! scale ( numb]s1 & ! fact relative to x1 are highly int]e/+4 ,reason+ on ?is subject w\ld lit]ally =m ! logic ( g5]alization1 or ! application ( "o t]m to signify _m t]ms1 or _m ideas1 on :i* sci5ce ultimately dep5ds4 ,qu]e4--,h[ f> h ! fir/ attempts at g5]alization aris5 f accid5t1 & h[ f> f ! resemblance betwe5 ideas8 ,dr4 ,b$does has always ridicul$ ! ,tractors1 9 common ) all o!r reasonable m54 ,he is ab\t to publi% a new "w on ! ,nitr\s ,acid4 ,j4 ,w$gwood is return$1 v little alt]$ = ! bett]4 ,col]idge is gone to reside 9 ,cumb]l&2 he 0 "h ! week be=e la/1 & sp5t mu* "t ) me1 & (t5 spoke ( y ) ! greate/ int]e/4 ,clayfield is at ?is mom5t *iefly engag$ 9 comm]cial speculations4 ,he has f\nd a new mode ( mak+ soda1 :i* !re is e reason to believe w turn out pr(itable4 ,i hope "s "t 9 ! autumn to see y1 & to enjoy ! well rememb]$ pleasure ( y\r conv]sation2 9 ! mean :ile1 ,i rema91 ) respects to y\r family1 ,y\rs ) s9c]e affection1 ,,humphry ,,davy4 #bf ,f 8 visit to ,london1 z notic$ at page #fb4 #bg ,) respect to ! metaphysical speculation conta9$ 9 ?is p>agraph ( 8 lett]1 _h he n writt5 x 9 ha/e1 we might presume he w\ld h giv5 a m exact expression to 8 ideas4 ,by ! misappli$ t]m ,feel+ ( ,procra/9ation1 he d\btless meant to describe t av]sion to lab\r :i* becomes habit by indulg5ce1 & ! p]ception ( :i*1 s f> f increas+ 9 vividness1 actually langui%es to obtus5ess4 ,to borr[ an expression f ,dr4 ,johnson1 ,davy1 9 8 metaphysical speculations1 n unfrequ5tly trod ^u ! br9k ( mean+1 :]e light & d>kness beg9 to m+le4 #bh ,davy "h alludes to ! fact ( magnesian e>? be+ prejudicial to vegetation4 ,9 e/imat+ ! e>ly g5ius ( ,davy1 & 8 "* z a philosoph]1 ! /yle & matt] ( 8 ,,rese>*es w af=d u mu* assi/ance4 ,! close philosophical reason+1--! pati5t & p5etrat+ indu/ry1--! c&id submission to e intimation ( exp]im5t1 & ! accuracy ( manipulation1 s rem>kably display$ ?r\gh\t ?is "w1 h be5 r>ely equall$1 & p]haps nev] surpass$4 ,!re is sc>cely to be f\nd a m /rik+ illu/ration ( *emical g5ius1 ?an t af=d$ by 8 *apt] on ! ,absorption ( ,nitr\s ,gas by solutions ( gre5 ,sulphate ( ,iron4 ,! address ) :i* he gradually dis5tangles ! subject ( its difficulties1 & cat*es at e op5+ to tru?1 af=ds a /udy :i* may be safely recomm5d$ to ! att5tion ( e "y exp]im5tali/1 z be+ no less in/ructive ?an x is beautiful4 ,! ph5om5a att5d+ ! absorption ( nitr\s gas by solutions ( sulphate ( iron _h be5 exam9$ by ,vauquel9 & by ,b]?ollet1 b ! conclusions ( ^! *emical philosoph]s 7 fatally infect$ by errors1 aris+ f ! neglect$ action ( ! atmosph]e4 ,davy1 by conduct+ 8 exp]im5ts ov] m]cury1 prov$ t1 9 ! abs5ce ( air1 ! absorption 0 simply ow+ to a comb9ation betwe5 ! gas & ! fluid2 b t1 on admitt+ air1 ! nitr\s gas became nitr\s acid1 a portion ( :i*1 toge!r ) a "p ( ! wat]1 subsequ5tly und]w5t decomposition1 & gave orig9 to ammonia1 & ultimately to nitrate ( ammonia1 :ile ! iron pass$ into ! /ate ( a p]oxide4 ,we h also to admire 9 ?is "w an ard\r = inve/igation1 :i* ev5 ! mo/ imm95t p]sonal dang] c\ld n repress4 ,he may truly be said to h s\ght ! bubble reputation 9 ! v jaws ( ,dea?4 ,:at %all we say ( t _s :i* l$ him to inspire nitr\s gas1 at ! haz>d ( fill+ 8 lungs ) ! vap\r ( aqua =tis6 or :at1 ( t intrepid coolness :i* enabl$ him to brea! a deadly gas1 & to wat* ! advances ( its *ill+ p[] 9 ! ebb+ pulsations at ! wri/6 ,^! exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 are f> too int]e/+ & important to be relat$ 9 any o!r ?an ! au?or's own words2 b x is fir/ necess>y t 8 trials ) ! nitr\s oxide %\ld be consid]$4 ,he f\nd t ?is gas might be mo/ conv5i5tly1 z well z mo/ economically1 prep>$ by ! decomposition ( a salt kn[n by ! "n ( nitrate ( ammonia1 by ! application ( a regulat$ heat2 b1 z ! rese>*es by :i* he arriv$ at ?is conclusion are record$ at l5g? 9 8 "w1 & z ! mo/ important ( !m are n[ embodi$ 9 e elem5t>y sy/em ( *emi/ry1 x w\ld n only be t$i\s b useless1 to ent] into a detail ( !m ^u ?is occasion4 ,9 ,april1 he says1 ,i obta9$ nitr\s oxide 9 a /ate ( purity1 & asc]ta9$ _m ( its *emical prop]ties4 ,reflections ^u ^! prop]ties1 & ^u =m] trials1 made me resolve to inspire x 9 its pure =m1 = ,i saw no o!r way 9 :i* its respirability1 or p[]s1 c\ld be det]m9$4 ,i 0 aw>e ( ! dang] ( ! exp]im5t4 ,x c]ta9ly w\ld nev] h be5 made1 if ! hypo!sis ( ,dr4 ,mit*ell _h 9 ! lea/ influ5c$ my m9d4 ,i ?\ght t ! effects might1 possibly1 be depress+ & pa9ful2 b !re 7 _m reasons :i* induc$ me to believe1 t a s+le inspiration ( a gas1 app>5tly possess+ no imm$iate action on ! irritable fibre1 c\ld nei!r de/roy1 nor mat]ially injure1 ! p[]s ( life4 ,on ,april #aa?1 ,i made ! fir/ inspiration ( pure nitr\s oxide4 ,x pass$ ?r\gh ! bron*i )\t /imulat+ ! glottis1 & produc$ no uneasy s5sations 9 ! lungs4 ,! result ( ?is exp]im5t prov$ t ! gas 0 respirable1 & induc$ me to believe t a f>!r trial ( its effects might be made )\t dang]4 ,on ,april #af?1 ,dr4 ,k+lake be+ accid5tally pres5t1 ,i brea!d ?ree qu>ts ( nitr\s oxide f & into a silk bag1 = m ?an half a m9ute1 )\t previ\sly clos+ my nose1 or exhau/+ my lungs4 ,! fir/ inspirations occasion$ a slight degree ( gidd9ess1 :i* 0 succe$$ by an uncommon s5se ( fulness 9 ! head1 accompani$ ) loss ( di/9ct s5sation & volunt>y p[]1--a feel+ analog\s to t produc$ 9 ! fir/ /age ( intoxication2 b unatt5d$ by pleasurable s5sation4 ,dr4 ,k+lake1 :o felt my pulse1 in=m$ me t x 0 r5d]$ quick] & full]4 ,?is trial did n satisfy me ) reg>d to its p[]s3 comp>+ x ) ! =m] ones1 ,i 0 unable to det]m9e :e!r ! op]ation 0 /imulant or depress+4 ,i communicat$ ! result to ,dr4 ,b$does1 & on ,april ! #ag?1 he 0 pres5t :5 ! foll[+ exp]im5t 0 made4 ,hav+ previ\sly clos$ my no/rils1 & exhau/$ my lungs1 ,i brea!d f\r qu>ts ( ! gas f & into a silk bag4 ,! fir/ feel+s 7 simil> to ^? produc$ 9 ! la/ exp]im5t2 b 9 less ?an half a m9ute1 ! respiration be+ cont9u$1 !y dim9i%$ gradually1 & 7 succe$$ by a s5sation analog\s to g5tle pressure on all ! muscles1 att5d$ by an highly pleasurable ?rill+1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! *e/ & 9 ! extremities4 ,! objects ar\nd me became dazzl+1 & my he>+ m acute4 ,t[>ds ! la/ inspirations1 ! ?rill+ increas$1 ! s5se ( muscul> p[] became great]1 &1 at la/1 an irresi/ible prop5sity to action 0 indulg$ 93 ,i recollect b indi/9ctly :at foll[$2 ,i "k t my motions 7 v>i\s & viol5t4 ,^! effects v soon ceas$ aft] ! respiration ( ! gas4 ,9 t5 m9utes ,i _h recov]$ my natural /ate ( m9d4 ,! ?rill+ 9 ! extremities cont9u$ long] ?an ! o!r s5sations4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 made 9 ! morn+2 no languor or exhau/ion 0 consequ5t2 my feel+s ?r\gh\t ! day 7 z usual1 & ,i pass$ ! night 9 undi/urb$ repose4 ,! next morn+ ! recollection ( ! effects ( ! gas 0 v indi/9ct2 & _h n rem>ks writt5 imm$iately aft] ! exp]im5t recall$ !m to my m9d1 ,i %\ld ev5 h que/ion$ _! reality4 ,our philosoph] v naturally d\bt$ :e!r "s ( ^! /rong emotions might n1 aft] all1 be attribut$ to ! en?usiasm necess>ily connect$ ) ! p]ception ( agreeable feel+s1 :5 he 0 prep>$ to expect pa9ful s5sations2 b he says1 t subsequ5t exp]im5ts conv9c$ him t ! effects 7 solely ow+ to ! specific op]ation ( ! gas4 ,he f\nd t he c\ld brea! n9e qu>ts ( nitr\s oxide = ?ree m9utes1 & twelve qu>ts = r m ?an f\r2 b t he c\ld nev] brea! x1 9 any quantity1 s long z five m9utes4 ,:5ev] its op]ation 0 c>ri$ to ! highe/ ext5t1 ! pleasurable ?rill+1 at its height ab\t ! middle ( ! exp]im5t1 gradually dim9i%$1 ! s5se ( pressure on ! muscles 0 lo/1 impressions ceas$ to be p]ceiv$1 vivid ideas pass$ rapidly ?r\gh ! m9d1 & volunt>y p[] 0 altoge!r de/roy$1 s t ! m\?piece g5]ally dropp$ f 8 unclos$ lips4 ,:5 he brea!d f six to sev5 qu>ts1 muscul> motions 7 produc$ to a great ext5t3 sometimes he manife/$ 8 pleasure by /amp+1 or laugh+ only2 at o!r times1 by danc+ r\nd ! room1 & vocif]at+4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ^! exp]im5ts1 x occurr$ to him t1 suppos+ nitr\s oxide to be analog\s 9 its op]ation to common /imulants1 ! debility occasion$ by intoxication f f]m5t$ liquors ought to be increas$ aft] excitem5t f ?is gas1 9 ! same mann] z ! debility produc$ by two bottles ( w9e is increas$ by a ?ird4 ,to asc]ta9 :e!r ?is 0 ! case1 he drank a bottle ( w9e1 9 l>ge draughts1 9 less ?an eight m9utes4 ,8 usual dr9k1 he tells u1 0 wat]2 he _h be5 little accu/om$ to take spirits or w9e1 & _h nev] be5 intoxicat$ b once be=e 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 we may readily acc\nt = ! p[]ful effects produc$ by ?is quantity ( w9e1 & :i* he describes 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,:il/ ,i 0 dr9k+1 ,i p]ceiv$ a s5se ( fulness 9 ! head1 & ?robb+ ( ! art]ies1 n unlike t produc$ 9 ! fir/ /age ( nitr\s oxide excitem5t3 aft] ,i _h f9i%$ ! bottle1 ?is fulness increas$1 ! objects ar\nd me became dazzl+1 ! p[] ( di/9ct articulation 0 lo/1 & ,i 0 unable to /& /eadily4 ,at ?is mom5t1 ! s5sations 7 r pleasurable ?an o!rwise2 ! s5se ( fulness 9 ! head1 h[ev]1 soon increas$1 s z to become pa9ful1 & 9 less ?an an h\r ,i sunk into a /ate ( ins5sibility4 ,9 ?is situation ,i mu/ h rema9$ = two h\rs1 or two h\rs & a half4 ,i 0 awak5$ by head-a*e & pa9ful nausea4 ,my bodily & m5tal debility 7 excessive1 & ! pulse feeble & quick4 ,9 ?is /ate1 ,i brea!d = ne> a m9ute & a half five qu>ts ( gas1 :i* 0 br\ght to me by ! op]ator = nitr\s oxide2 b z x produc$ no s5sations :atev]1 & app>5tly r increas$ my debility1 ,i am almo/ conv9c$ t x 01 f "s accid5t1 ei!r common air1 or v impure nitr\s oxide4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is trial1 ,i respir$ twelve qu>ts ( oxyg5 = ne>ly f\r m9utes4 ,x produc$ no alt]ation 9 my s5sations at ! "t1 b imm$iately aft]w>ds ,i imag9$ t ,i 0 a little exhil>at$4 ,! head-a*e & debility /ill1 h[ev]1 cont9u+ ) viol5ce1 ,i exam9$ "s nitr\s oxide :i* _h be5 prep>$ 9 ! morn+1 & f9d+ x v pure1 ,i respir$ sev5 qu>ts ( x = two m9utes & a half4 ,i 0 unconsci\s ( head-a*e aft] ! ?ird inspiration2 ! usual pleasurable ?rill+ 0 produc$1 volunt>y p[] 0 de/roy$1 & vivid ideas rapidly pass$ ?r\gh my m9d2 ,i made /rides across ! room1 & cont9u$ = "s m9utes mu* exhil>at$2 b languor & depression1 n v diff]5t 9 degree f ^? exi/+ be=e ! exp]im5t1 succe$$2 !y h[ev] gradually w5t (f be=e b$-"t4 ,?is exp]im5t prov$1 t debility f intoxication 0 n increas$ by excitem5t f nitr\s oxide4 ,! head-a*e & depression w\ld probably h cont9u$ long]1 _h x n be5 adm9i/]$4 ,! same "w conta9s an acc\nt ( _m o!r trials2 b suffici5t has be5 extract$ to %[ ! zeal & intrepidity ) :i* he conduct$ 8 rese>*es4 ,to )hold1 h[ev]1 ! te/imony :i* sev]al o!r sci5tific p]sons h giv51 ) respect to ! intoxicat+ influ5ce ( ?is gas1 w\ld be to deprive ! read] ( "s v amus+ descriptions4 ,fir/ appe>s ,mr4 ,w4 ,tob91 :o tells u t he soon f\nd 8 n]v\s sy/em agitat$ by ! highe/ s5sations ( pleasure1 b :i* 7 difficult ( description4 ,:5 ! bags 7 exhau/$ & tak5 f him1 he sudd5ly />t$ f 8 *air1 & vocif]at+ ) pleasure1 made t[>ds ^? t 7 pres5t1 z he wi%$ !y %\ld p>ticipate 9 8 feel+s4 ,he /ruck g5tly at ,davy1 & a /rang] ent]+ ! room at ! same mom5t1 he made t[>ds him1 & gave him sev]al bl[s1 b he adds1 x 0 m 9 ! _s ( good-hum\r1 ?an 9 t ( ang]4 ,he !n ran ?r\gh diff]5t rooms 9 ! h\se1 & at la/ return$ to ! laboratory1 some:at m compos$1 al?\gh 8 spirits cont9u$ mu* elevat$ = "s h\rs aft] ! exp]im5t2 he felt1 h[ev]1 no consequ5t depression1 ei!r 9 ! ev5+ or day foll[+4 ,^u ano!r occasion1 he /ates t 8 s5sations 7 sup]ior to any ?+ he ev] be=e exp]i5c$2 8 /ep 0 firm1 & all 8 muscul> p[] increas$4 ,8 n]ves 7 m alive to e surr\nd+ impression2 he ?rew himself into sev]al !atrical attitudes1 & trav]s$ ! laboratory ) a quick /ep1 :ile 8 m9d 0 elevat$ to a mo/ sublime height3 he says t x is giv+ b a fa9t idea ( 8 feel+s to say1 t !y resembl$ ^? produc$ by a repres5tation ( an h]oic sc5e on ! /age1 or by read+ a sublime passage 9 poetry1 :5 circum/ances contribute to awak5 ! f9e/ sympa?ies ( ! s\l4 ,! influ5ce1 h[ev]1 ( ?is inspir+ ag5t appe>s to h be5 z transitory z its effects 7 vivid2 = he aft]w>ds obs]ves1 ,i h seldom lately exp]i5c$ vivid s5sations4 ,! pleasure produc$ by ! gas is slight & tranquil1 & ,i r>ely feel sublime emotions1 or increas$ muscul> p[]4 ,! fir/ "t t ,mr4 ,clayfield brea!d ! gas1 x produc$ feel+s analog\s to ^? ( intoxication4 ,he 0 = "s "t unconsci\s ( exi/5ce1 b at no p]iod ( ! exp]im5t 7 8 s5sations agreeable2 a mom5t>y nausea foll[$1 b unconnect$ ) languor or head-a*e4 ,9 a subsequ5t trial1 x w\ld appe> t he did exp]i5ce c]ta9 ?rill+s :i* 7 highly pleasurable4 ,! acc\nt giv5 by ,dr4 ,k+lake agrees pretty mu* ) ^? already cit$4 ,he adds1 h[ev]1 t ! inspiration ( ! gas _h ! fur!r effect ( reviv+ rheumatic irritations 9 ! %\ld] & knee-jo9ts1 :i* _h n be5 previ\sly felt = _m mon?s4 ,next appe>s ,mr4 ,s\!y1 ! ,laureate4 ,! read] w no d\bt be prep>$ to he> t ! nitr\s oxide transport$ him1 at lea/1 to ! summit ( ,p>nassus2--by no means3 he laugh$ :5 ! bag 0 remov$ f 8 m\?1 b x may be fairly que/ion$ :e!r ?is might n h be5 an expression ( joy at ! t]rors he _h escap$2 = he freely confesses t he c\ld n di/+ui% betwe5 ! fir/ feel+s x occasion$1 & an appreh5sion ( :i* he 0 unable to dive/ himself4 ,! fir/ "t ,mr4 ,col]idge inspir$ ! nitr\s oxide1 he felt a highly pleasurable s5sation ( w>m? ov] 8 :ole frame3 he adds1 t ! only motion :i* he felt incl9$ to make1 0 t ( laugh+ at ^? :o 7 look+ at him3 a symptom z equivocal1 p]haps1 z t exhibit$ by ! ,laureate4 ,a numb] ( o!r acc\nts are giv51 b ^? already relat$ are p]haps suffici5t to e/abli% ! fact1 t ! gas 9 "q possesses an intoxicat+ quality1 to :i* ! en?usiasm ( p]sons submitt+ to its op]ation has imp>t$ a "* ( extravagance :olly inconsi/5t ) tru?4 ,x w be admitt$ t !re mu/ h be5 some?+ s+ul>ly ludicr\s 9 ! :ole exhibition4 ,imag9e a p>ty ( grave philosoph]s1 ) bags ( silk ti$ to _! m\?s1 /amp+1 ro>+1 & laugh+ ab\t ! ap>tm5t2 x is sc>cely possible to conceive a ri*] subject = ! p5cil ( a ,bunbury4 ,we _c !n be surpris$ at any t]ms ( ridicule 9 :i* a /rang]1 witness+ su* an op]ation1 might describe x4 ,m4 ,t4 ,fieve#bi appe>s to h consid]$ ! practice z a national vice1 & :imsically introduces x among/ ! catalogue ( follies to :i* he consid]s ! ,engli% nation to be addict$4 #bi ,lettres sur l',anglet]re1 #ahjb4 ,tak+ leave ( ^! laugh+ philosoph]s1 we mu/ n[ proce$ to a mu* m s]i\s bran* ( ! subject ( ,pneumatic ,m$ic9e4 ,hav+ obs]v$1 says ,davy1 t no pa9ful effects 7 produc$ by ! application ( nitr\s gas to ! b>e muscul> fibre1 ,i began to imag9e t ?is gas might also be brea!d ) impunity1 provid$ x 7 possible 9 any way to free ! lungs ( common air be=e inspiration1 s z to prev5t ! =mation ( nitr\s acid4 ,on ?is supposition1 dur+ a fit ( en?usiasm produc$ by ! respiration ( nitr\s oxide1 ,i resolv$ to endeav\r to brea! nitr\s gas3 "o hundr$ & f\rte5 cubic in*es ( x 7 accord+ly introduc$ into ! l>ge m]curial air-hold]2 two small silk bags ( ! capacity ( sev5 qu>ts 7 fill$ ) nitr\s oxide4 ,aft] a =c$ exhau/ion ( my lungs1 my nose be+ accurately clos$1 ,i made ?ree inspirations & expirations ( nitr\s oxide 9 "o ( ! bags1 9 ord] to free my lungs1 z mu* z possible1 f atmosph]ic oxyg52 !n1 aft] a full expiration ( ! nitr\s oxide1 ,i transf]r$ my lips f ! m\?piece ( ! bag to t ( ! air-hold]1 &1 turn+ ! /op-cock1 attempt$ to inspire ! nitr\s gas4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh my m\? & fauces1 x ta/$ a/r+5t & highly disagreeable2 x occasion$ a s5se ( burn+ 9 ! ?roat1 & produc$ a spasm ( ! epiglottis1 s pa9ful z to oblige me to desi/ imm$iately f attempts to inspire x4 ,aft] remov+ my lips f ! m\?piece1 :5 ,i op5$ !m to inspire common air1 nitr\s acid 0 imm$iately =m$ 9 my m\?1 :i* burnt ! tongue & palate1 injur$ ! tee?1 & produc$ an inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane1 :i* la/$ = "s h\rs4 ,z1 aft] ! respiration ( nitr\s oxide1 a small portion ( ! residual atmosph]ic air always rema9$ 9 ! lungs m+l$ ) ! gas1 s is x probable t1 9 ! exp]im5t j relat$1 a m9ute portion ( nitr\s acid 0 =m$2 &1 if s1 ,i p]haps owe ! pres]vation ( my life to ! circum/ance2 =1 suppos+ t ,i _h succe$$ 9 tak+ a full inspiration ( nitr\s gas1 & ev5 t x _h n produc$ any positive effects1 x is n likely t ,i %\ld1 by brea?+ nitr\s oxide1 h s completely fre$ my lungs f x1 z to h prev5t$ ! =mation ( nitr\s acid1 :5 ,i aga9 inspir$ common air4 ,i nev] design aga9 to attempt s ra% an exp]im5t4 ,8 attempt to brea! c>burett$ hydrog5 gas 0 sc>cely less t]rific & appall+4 ,mr4 ,watt's obs]vations on ! respiration ( dilut$ hydro-c>bonate by man1 & ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,b$does on ! de/ruction ( animals by ! same gas1 prov$ t its effects 7 highly delet]i\s4 ,z x de/roy$ life1 app>5tly by r5d]+ ! muscul> fibre inirritable1 )\t produc+ any previ\s excitem5t1 ,i 0 anxi\s to comp>e its s5sible effects ) ^? ( nitr\s oxide1 :i* at ?is "t ,i believ$ to de/roy life by produc+ ! highe/ possible excitem5t4 ,9 ! fir/ exp]im5t1 ,i brea!d = ne>ly a m9ute ?ree qu>ts ( hydro-c>bonate1 m+l$ ) ne>ly two qu>ts ( atmosph]ic air4#cj ,x produc$ a slight gidd9ess1 pa9 9 ! head1 & a mom5t>y loss ( volunt>y p[]2 my pulse 0 r5d]$ mu* quick] & m feeble4 ,^! effects1 h[ev]1 w5t (f 9 five m9utes1 & ,i _h no return ( gidd9ess4 #cj ,i believe x _h nev] be5 brea!d be=e by any individual 9 a /ate s little dilut$4 ,embold5$ by ?is trial1 ,i introduc$ into a silk bag f\r qu>ts ( gas ne>ly pure1 :i* 0 c>efully produc$ f ! decomposition ( wat] by *>coal an h\r be=e1 & :i* _h a v /rong & disagreeable smell4 ,my fri5d ,mr4 ,james ,tob91 junior1 be+ pres5t1 aft] a =c$ exhau/ion ( my lungs1 ! nose be+ accurately clos$1 ,i made ?ree inspirations & expirations ( ! hydro-c>bonate4 ,! fir/ inspiration produc$ a sort ( numbness & loss ( feel+ 9 ! *e/1 & ab\t ! pectoral muscles4 ,aft] ! second1 ,i lo/ all p[] ( p]ceiv+ ext]nal ?+s1 & _h no di/9ct s5sation1 except t ( a t]rible oppression on ! *e/4 ,dur+ ! ?ird expiration1 ?is feel+ subsid$1 ,i seem$ s9k+ into annihilation1 & _h j p[] en\gh to ca/ (f ! m\?piece f my unclos$ lips4 ,a %ort int]val mu/ h pass$1 dur+ :i* ,i respir$ common air1 be=e ! objects ar\nd me 7 di/+ui%able4 ,on recollect+ myself1 ,i fa9tly articulat$1 ',i d n ?9k ,i %all die4' ,plac+ my f+] on ! wri/1 ,i f\nd my pulse ?read-l1 & beat+ ) excessive quickness4 ,9 less ?an a m9ute1 ,i 0 able to walk1 & ! pa9ful oppression on ! *e/ direct$ me to ! op5 air4 ,aft] mak+ a few /eps1 :i* c>ri$ me to ! g>d51 my head became giddy1 my knees trembl$1 & ,i _h j suffici5t volunt>y p[] to ?r[ myself on ! grass4 ,"h ! pa9ful feel+s ( ! *e/ increas$ ) su* viol5ce z to ?reat5 suffocation4 ,at ?is mom5t ,i ask$ = "s nitr\s oxide4 ,mr4 ,dwy] br\ght me a mixture ( t gas ) oxyg51 & ,i brea!d x = a m9ute1 & believ$ myself recov]$4 ,9 five m9utes ! pa9ful feel+s began gradually to dim9i%2 9 an h\r !y _h ne>ly disappe>$1 & ,i felt only excessive weakness1 & a slight swimm+ ( ! head4 ,my voice 0 v feeble & indi/9ct4 ,i aft]w>ds walk$ sl[ly = half an h\r ) ,mr4 ,tob91 & on my return 0 s mu* /rong] & bett] z to believe t ! effects ( ! gas _h entirely pass$ (f2 ?\gh my pulse 0 #abj1 & v feeble4 ,i cont9u$ )\t pa9 = ne>ly ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 :5 ! gidd9ess return$ ) su* viol5ce z to oblige me to lie on ! b$2 x 0 accompani$ ) nausea1 loss ( memory1 & defici5t s5sation4 ,9 ab\t an h\r & a half1 ! gidd9ess w5t (f1 & 0 succe$$ by an excruciat+ pa9 9 ! =ehead1 & betwe5 ! eyes1 ) transi5t pa9s 9 ! *e/ & extremities4 ,t[>ds night ^! affections gradually dim9i%$2 & at t5 no disagreeable feel+1 except weakness1 rema9$4 ,i slept s\nd1 & awoke 9 ! morn+ v feeble & v hungry4 ,no recurr5ce ( ! symptoms took place1 & ,i _h ne>ly recov]$ my /r5g? by ! ev5+4 ,i h be5 m9ute 9 ! acc\nt ( ?is exp]im5t1 because x proves1 t hydro-c>bonate acts z a s$ative2 t is1 x produces dim9ution ( vital action1 & consequ5t debility1 )\t previ\sly excit+4 ,!re is e reason to believe t1 _h ,i tak5 f\r or five inspirations1 in/ead ( ?ree1 !y w\ld h de/roy$ life imm$iately1 )\t produc+ any pa9ful s5sation4 ,! sci5tific & m$ical _w are alike indebt$ to ,davy = ?is d>+ exp]im5t2 &1 if ! precautions x sugge/s be prop]ly att5d$ to1 x may become ! means ( pres]v+ human life4 ,! exp]im5t is also valuable z af=d+ support to physiological views1 ) :i* its au?or 0 probably n acqua9t$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x may be necess>y to apprize "s ( my read]s1 t ! hydro-c>bonate "h spok5 (1 diff]s v little f ! gas n[ s g5]ally us$ to illum9ate our /reets & h\ses4 ,we h j se5 h[ deadly are its qualities1 & t ev5 9 a /ate ( extreme dilution x w affect our s5sations4 ,! "q !n necess>ily sugge/s itself1 h[ f> ?is gas c be safely introduc$ into ! int]ior ( our ap>tm5ts8 ,did we n possess any direct evid5ce ^u ! subject1 ! answ] w\ld be suffici5tly obvi\s1 s9ce x is impossible s to conduct its combu/ion1 t a portion %all n escape unburnt4 ,su* is ! !ory2 b :at is our exp]i5ce ^u ! subject8--t pa9s 9 ! head1 nausea1 & di/ress+ languor1 h be5 repeat$ly exp]i5c$ 9 our !atres & saloons1 by p]sons inhal+ ! unburnt gas2 t ! atmosph]e ( a room1 al?\gh spaci\s & empty1 w1 if light$ ) gas1 convey a s5se ( oppression to our organs ( respiration1 z if we 7 inhal+ an air contam9at$ ) ! brea? ( a hundr$ p]sons4 ,9 ! next place1 ,davy's exp]im5t is important1 inasmu* z x proves t1 9 cases ( asphyxia1 or susp5d$ animation1 !re exi/s a p]iod ( dang] aft] ! respiration has be5 re/or$1 & ! circulation re-e/abli%$1 at :i* dea? may take place1 :5 we are ! lea/ prep>$ to expect x4 ,bi*at has %[n t1 :5 d>k-col\r$ blood is inject$ into ! vessels ( ! bra9 by means ( a syr+e connect$ ) ! c>otid art]y1 ! functions ( ! bra9 become imm$iately di/urb$1 & 9 a %ort "t entirely cease3 ! effect is precisely simil>1 :e!r ! d>k-col\r$ blood be transmitt$ to ! bra9 by ! syr+e ( ! exp]im5tali/1 or by ! he>t itself4 ,?us 9 cases ( asphyxia1 ! d>k-col\r$ blood :i* has be5 propell$ ?r\gh ! vessels dur+ ! susp5sion or imp]fect p]=mance ( respiration1 acts l a n>cotic poison ^u ! bra92 & no soon]1 !re=e1 does x ext5d its malign influ5ce to t organ1 ?an delet]i\s effects are produc$1 & ! animal1 aft] app>5t recov]y1 falls into a /ate ( /upor1 ! pupils ( ! eyes become dilat$1 ! respiration labori\s1 ! muscles ( ! body convuls$1 & x spe$ily dies1 poison$ by its own blood4 ,we are mu* indebt$ to ,mr4 ,brodie = a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 confirmation ( ^! views2 & a v int]e/+ case occurr$ "s "t s9ce1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,w9dsor1 :i* is well calculat$ = _! illu/ration4 ,a corporal 9 ! ,gu>ds1 ^: "n1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 0 ,s*(ield1 0 seiz$ ) cramp z he 0 ba?+ 9 ! ,?ames1 & rema9$ = sev]al m9utes "u wat]4 ,by judici\s assi/ance1 h[ev]1 he 0 recov]$1 & appe>$ to ^? ab\t him to be free f any dang]1 :5 he 0 attack$ by convulsions & expir$4 ,_h ! respiration be5 artificially support$ at ?is p]iod1 s z to h ma9ta9$ ! action ( ! he>t until ! black blood _h return$ f ! bra91 ! life ( ! soldi] might possibly h be5 sav$4 ,9 ! exp]im5t :i* has giv5 orig9 to ^! reflections1 ,davy di/9ctly /ates1 t aft] hav+ recov]$ f ! prim>y effects ( ! c>burett$ hydrog5 gas1 & tak5 a walk ) 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,tob91 he 0 aga9 seiz$ ) viol5t gidd9ess1 att5d$ ) nausea & loss ( s5sation4 ,! imp]fectly oxyg5iz$ or d>k-col\r$ blood _h evid5tly affect$ ! bra91 & 8 life1 at ?is p]iod1 0 probably 9 great] jeop>dy ?an 9 any o!r /age ( ! exp]im5t4 ,no?+ daunt$ by ! dang]s to :i* ! prec$+ exp]im5ts _h expos$ him1 ,davy did n all[ m ?an a week to elapse be=e he attempt$ to respire fix$ air1 or c>bonic acid gas2 b x 0 9 va9 t he made volunt>y ef=ts to draw x into ! w9dpipe2 =1 ! mom5t ! epiglottis 0 rais$ a little1 su* a pa9ful irritation 0 induc$ z in/antly to close x spasmodically on ! glottis2 & ?us1 9 repeat$ trials1 0 he prev5t$ f tak+ a s+le p>ticle ( c>bonic acid into ! lungs4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! gas 0 dilut$ ) a little m ?an d\ble its volume ( common air1 he 0 enabl$ to brea! x = ne>ly a m9ute1 :5 x produc$ a slight degree ( gidd9ess1 & an incl9ation to sleep4#ca #ca ,x w\ld ?us appe> t c>bonic acid1 9 its mo/ conc5trat$ =m1 may kill by excit+ a spasmodic action1 9 :i* ! epiglottis is clos$1 & ! entrance ( air into ! lungs altoge!r prev5t$4 ,9 a dilut$ =m1 x may de/roy by its specific influ5ce ^u ! blood1 :i* w\ld seem to be ( a highly s$ative "*4 ,dea? produc$ by su* an ag5t is probably att5d$ ) little or no suff]+4 ,! y\ng] ,b]?ollet de/roy$ 8 life by inclos+ himself 9 an atmosph]e ( ?is description2 & on comm5c+ 8 fatal exp]im5t1 he regi/]$ all ! successive feel+s he exp]i5c$1 :i* 7 su* z w\ld h be5 occasion$ by a n>cotic3--a pause1 & !n an almo/ illegible ^w occurr$3 x is presum$ t ! p5 dropp$ f 8 h&1--& he 0 no m4 ,x may p]haps appe> extraord9>y to ! read] ( ! ,,rese>*es1 t al?\gh !y 7 publi%$ n m ?an eighte5 mon?s aft] ! appe>ance ( 8 ,essays on ,heat & ,light1 no allusion is made 9 !m ei!r to 8 !ory or to 8 new nom5clature4 ,9 relat+ 8 exp]im5ts ^u ,respiration1 he employs ! conv5tional language ( ! s*ools1 & ! ^w phos-oxyg5 does n once occur 9 ! volume4 ,?is is fully expla9$ 9 a communication made by him to ,mr4 ,ni*olson1 & :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 8 ,j\rnal a %ort "t aft] ! publication ( 8 ,essays 9 ! ,we/ ,c\ntry ,contributions2 9 :i* he says1--,z facts h occurr$ to me ) reg>d to ! decomposition ( bodies1 :i* ,i _h suppos$ to conta9 light1 )\t any lum9\s appe>ance1 ,i beg to be consid]$ z a sceptic ) respect to my own p>ticul> !ory ( ! comb9ations ( light1 until ,i %all h satisfactorily expla9$ ^? anomalies by fre% exp]im5ts4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is scepticism1 & = o!r reasons1 ,i %all 9 future use ! common nom5clature2 except+ t1 z my discov]ies conc]n+ ! gase\s oxide w\ld r5d] x highly improp] to call a pr9ciple1 :i* 9 "o ( its comb9ations is capable ( be+ absorb$ by v5\s blood1 & ( increas+ ! p[]s ( life1 azote1--,i %all "n x1 ) ,dr4 ,pe>son1 ,*aptal1 & o!rs1 ,,nitrog5e2 & ! gase\s oxide ( azote ,i %all call ,,nitr\s ,,oxide4 ,! same feel+ is express$ at ! conclusion ( 8 ,?ird ,rese>*4--,x w\ld be easy to =m !ories ref]r+ ! action ( blood impregnat$ ) nitr\s oxide1 to its p[] ( supply+ ! n]v\s & muscul> fibre ) su* proportions ( cond5s$ nitrog51 oxyg51 light1 or e!real fluid1 z enabl$ !m m rapidly to pass ?r\gh ^? *anges :i* con/itute _! life2 b we are unacqua9t$ ) ! composition ( dead organiz$ matt]2 & new in/rum5ts ( exp]im5t1 & new modes ( rese>*1 mu/ be f\nd1 be=e we c asc]ta9 ev5 our capabilities ( discov]+ ! laws ( life4 ,!re is "o circum/ance connect$ ) ! views ent]ta9$ 9 ?is "w :i* mu/ n be pass$ ov] )\t notice4 ,9 sev]al passages he advocates ! !ory ( ! atmosph]e be+ a *emical comp\nd ( oxyg5 & nitrog52 :]eas1 9 lat] ye>s1 he 0 among/ ! fir/ to insi/ ^u its be+ simply a me*anical mixture ( ^! gases4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! highly delet]i\s exp]im5ts :i* h be5 already describ$1 & ( ! con/ant lab\rs ( ! laboratory1 & ! repeat$ inhalation ( acid & o!r vap\rs1 8 heal? began visibly to decl9e1 & he retir$ into ,cornwall1 :]e he in=ms u t ! associations ( ideas & feel+s1 common ex]cise1 a pure atmosph]e1 luxuri\s diet1 & a mod]ate indulg5ce 9 w9e1 9 ! c\rse ( a mon?1 re/or$ him to heal? & vig\r4 ,i f9d an allusion to ?is visit 9 a lett] f 8 si/]4 ,he _h1 %e says1 writt5 to 8 "m ( 8 int5tion to visit h]1 b be=e ! po/ _h quitt$ ,bri/ol1 he 0 already on 8 way to ,p5zance1 & w\ld h rea*$ x be=e 8 lett]1 _h n 8 aunt1 on :om he call$ 9 ! neighb\r+ t[n ( ,m>azion1 /ruck ) 8 appe>ance ( ill heal?1 insi/$ on 8 rema9+ !re till ! next day1 le/ 8 "m %\ld be d\bly al>m$ at 8 unexpect$ visit & alt]$ looks4 ,miss ,davy adds1 ,?is "o fact w s]ve1 at ! same "t1 to illu/rate 8 atta*m5t to home1 & ! impetuosity ( 8 m9d1 :i* nev] re/$ till ! object he propos$ 0 accompli%$4 ,! foll[+ lett] is ins]t$ 9 ?is place1 = ! purpose ( fix+ ! p]iod at :i* he fir/ asc]ta9$ ^? new facts 9 ,voltaic electricity1 :i* =m$ ! basis ( a future communication to ! ,royal ,society1 & :i* may be said to h pav$ ! way to 8 gr& discov]ies 9 t bran* ( sci5ce2--! dawn+ ( t glori\s day1 :i* we %all pres5tly view 9 all its spl5d\r & glory4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 some?+ extremely int]e/+ 9 receiv+ f himself a simple & unadorn$ /atem5t ( results1 z !y successively pres5t$ !mselves to 8 obs]vation--,tru?s pluck$ z !y are gr[+1 & deliv]$ to y be=e _! dew is bru%$ (f4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,pneumatic ,in/itution1 ,octob] #bj1 #ahjj4 ,be assur$1 my respect$ fri5d1 t y\r la/ lett]1 ?\gh %ort1 0 highly gratify+ to me4 ,at ! mom5t x 0 br\ght to me1 ,i 0 ab\t to dep>t ) ,k+ & ,danv]s on an excursion to ! banks ( ! ,wye4 ,our design 0 to see ,t9t]n ,abbey by moonlight1 & x 0 p]fectly accompli%$4 ,aft] view+ = ?ree h\rs all ! v>ieties ( light & %ade :i* a bright full moon & a blue sky c\ld exhibit 9 ?is beautiful ru91 & aft] w&]+ = ?ree days among ! _m-col\r$ woods & rocks surr\nd+ ! riv] betwe5 ,monm\? & ,*ep/[1 we arriv$ on ! f\r? day at ,bri/ol1 hav+ to balance aga9/ ! pleasure ( ! t\r1 ! fatigue ( a /ormy voyage d[n ! ,wye1 across ! m\? ( ! ,sev]n1 & up ! ,avon4 ,on analys+1 aft] our return1 specim5s ( ! air collect$ f ,monm\?1 f ! woods on ! banks ( ! ,wye1 & f ! m\? ( ! ,sev]n1 !re 0 no p]ceptible diff]5ce2 !y 7 all ( simil> composition to ! air 9 ! middle ( ,bri/ol2 t is1 !y conta9$ ab\t tw5ty-two p] c5t4 ( oxyg54 ,! air f ! bladd]s ( "s sea-we$1 app>5tly j ca/ on %ore1 at ! ,old ,passage1 likewise gave ! same results2 s t1 comp>+ ^! exp]im5ts ) ^? made by ,cav5di%1 ,b]?ollet1 c4 & by myself on o!r occasions1 at diff]5t temp]atures1 9 diff]5t wea!r1 & ) diff]5t w9ds1 ,i am almo/ conv9c$ t ! :ole ( ! l[] /ratum ( ! atmosph]e is ( uni=m composition4 ,no te/ c be m fallaci\s & imp]fect ?an nitr\s gas1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5t composition ( nitr\s acid1 =m$ 9 ! diff]5t manipulations ( eudiometrical exp]im5ts4 ,! eudiomet] t ,i h lately employ$ gives1 9 a few m9utes1 ! proportions ( oxyg5 )\t correction4 ,9 pursu+ exp]im5ts on galvanism1 dur+ ! la/ two mon?s1 ,i h met ) unexpect$ & unhop$-= success4 ,"s ( ! new facts on ?is subject promise to af=d in/rum5ts capable ( de/roy+ ! my/]i\s veil :i* ,nature has ?r[n ov] ! op]ations & prop]ties ( e!real fluids4 ,galvanism ,i h f\nd1 by num]\s exp]im5ts1 to be a process purely *emical1 & to dep5d :olly on ! oxidation ( metallic surfaces1 hav+ diff]5t degrees ( electric conduct+ p[]4 ,z9c is incapable ( decompos+ pure wat]2 & if ! z9c plates be kept moi/ ) pure wat]1 ! galvanic pile does n act2 b z9c is capable ( oxidat+ itself :5 plac$ 9 contact ) wat]1 hold+ 9 solution ei!r oxyg51 atmosph]ic air1 or nitr\s or muriatic acid1 c43 & "u su* circum/ances1 ! galvanic ph5om5a are produc$1 & _! int5sity is 9 proportion to ! rapidity ) :i* ! z9c is oxidat$4 ,! galvanic pile only acts = a few m9utes1 :5 introduc$ into hydrog51 nitrog51 or hydro-c>bonate2 t is1 only z long z ! wat] betwe5 its plates holds "s oxyg5 9 solution3 imm]se x = a few mom5ts 9 wat] conta9+ air1 & x acts aga94 ,x acts v vividly 9 oxyg5 gas1 & less s 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,:5 its plates are moi/5$ by m>9e acid1 its action is v p[]ful1 b inf9itely m s :5 nitr\s acid is employ$4 ,five plates ) nitr\s acid gave sp>ks equal to ^? ( ! common pile4 ,f tw5ty plates ! %ock 0 insupportable4 ,i _h almo/ =gott5 to m5tion1 t *>coal is a good galvanic excit]1 & decomposes wat]1 l ! metals1 9 ! pile2 b ,i mu/ /op1 )\t be+ able to expatiate on ! connection :i* is n[ obvi\s betwe5 galvanism & "s ( ! ph5om5a ( organic motion4 ,i nev] consid] ! subject )\t hav+ =cibly impress$ ^u my imag9ation y\r obs]vations#cb on ! sci5ce ( ! e!real fluids1 & ,i _c help flatt]+ myself t ?is age w see y\r pr$ictions v]ifi$4 ,i rema9 ) s9c]e respect & affection1 ,y\rs1 ,,humphry ,,davy4 #cb ,on conv]s+ ) ,mr4 ,gilb]t on ! above passage1 ,i und]/& t x is an allusion to 8 op9ion1 t ! discov]y ( ,galvanic p[] w\ld ultimately lead to a k ( ! nature ( light & heat4 ,t a "w1 ( ! "* ( ! ,,rese>*es1 replete ) +5i\s novelty1 & ri* 9 *emical discov]y1 proce$+ f ! p5 ( s "y a man1 %\ld h excit$ v g5]al admiration 9 ! philosophic _w1 is a circum/ance t _c surprise u2 b 9 a majority ( cases1 precoci\s m]it enjoys only an ephem]al popul>ity2 ! s5sations x excites are too vivid to be p]man5t1 & ! individual s9ks into an obscurity r5d]$ t5 times m pr(\nd by ! brilliancy ( ! fla% :i* prec$$ x2 b e ev5t ( ,davy's life w\ld appe> z if creat$1 & direct$ = 8 welf>e1 by "s presid+ g5ius1 ^: activity1 9 ?r[+ opportunities 9 8 way 0 rivall$ only by ! address ) :i* he conv]t$ !m to 8 advantage4 ,=tune & tal5t1 !n1 7 bo? equally engag$ 9 accompli%+ ! elevation ( ,davy1 & x is probable t em95t success g5]ally requires a comb9ation ( ^! elem5ts = its production1 & t ! maxim ( ,plautus is !re=e z remote f tru? z t ( ,!ophra/us1 ! "o assign+ all to =tune1 ! o!r all to tal5t4 ,! exp]im5ts to :i* allusions h be5 frequ5tly made dur+ ! pres5t *apt]1 fav\rably z !y 7 receiv$1 might h %>$ ! fate ( _m o!r discov]ies :i* did n admit ( an imm$iate & obvi\s application to ! purposes ( common life2 = /ati/ical value is a necess>y passport to popul> fav\r4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 = ,davy1 be=e ! vivid impression produc$ by 8 new "w _h lo/ ! gl[ ( novelty1 ,c\nt ,rum=d 0 anxi\sly seek+ = "s ris+ philosoph]1 :o might contribute 8 en]gies t[>ds ! support1 & f>!r increase1 ( ! *emical fame ( ! rec5tly e/abli%$ ,,in/itution ,,( ,,great ,,brita94 ,x is n surpris+ t 8 att5tion %\ld h be5 readily direct$ to "o ^: g5ius _h be5 s lately display$1 & ^: views reg>d+ ,caloric#cc 7 9 su* exact con=mity ) 8 own op9ions4 #cc ,mr4 ,gilb]t no soon] discov]$ ! t5d5cy ( ,davy's op9ions respect+ ! immat]iality ( ,caloric1 ?an he urg$ him to communicate !m to ,c\nt ,rum=d1 b he consid]$ himself pl$g$ to ,dr4 ,b$does1 & 8 ,essays 7 accord+ly pr9t$ 9 ! ,we/ ,c\ntry ,contributions4 ,c\nt ,rum=d1 x may be obs]v$1 ma9ta9$ t ,caloric1 l ,phlogi/on1 0 m]ely a creature ( ! *emi/'s imag9ation1 & _h no real exi/5ce4 ,he consid]$ heat z no?+ m ?an ! motions ( ! con/itu5t p>ticles ( bodies among/ !mselves1--an hypo!sis :i* has no claims to novelty1 be+ p]haps "o ( ! mo/ anci5t on record4--,see 8 pap] on ,heat1 ,phil4 ,trans4 = #ahjd4 ,z ! philosophical public mu/ feel a lively int]e/ 9 e incid5t connect$ ) a transaction s important to ! int]e/s ( sci5ce1 z t by :i* ,davy 0 plac$ 9 ! *emical *air ( ! ,in/itution1 ,i am =tunate 9 be+ able1 ?r\gh ! k9dness ( 8 two fri5ds1 ,mr4 ,?omson & ,mr4 ,und]wood1 to pres5t a cle> & satisfactory /atem5t ( all its circum/ances & details4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,c\nt ,rum=d negotiates ) ,mr4 ,und]wood on ! subject ( ,davy's appo9tm5t to ! ,royal ,in/itution4--,t]ms ( 8 engagem5t communicat$ 9 a lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t4--,davy arrives1 & takes possession ( 8 ap>tm5ts4--,he receives v>i\s mortifications4--,he is elect$ a memb] ( ! ,tepid>ian ,society4--,is appo9t$ ,lectur] in/ead ( assi/ant4--,he makes a t\r 9 ,cornwall ) ,mr4 ,und]wood4--,anecdotes4--,8 ,poem on ,sp9osism4--,8 lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 communicat+ a galvanic discov]y4--,he comm5ces 8 fir/ gr& c\rse ( lectures4--,8 brilliant success4--,a lett] f ,mr4 ,purkis4--,davy's /yle criticis$4--,8 extraord9>y me?od ( exp]im5t+4--,davy & ,wolla/on comp>$ z exp]im5tali/s4--,! /yle ( ,davy z a lectur] & a writ] contra/$4 ,x may be readily suppos$ t ! prom95t situation held by ,davy at ,bri/ol1 z well z ! m]it$ celebrity ( 8 writ+s1 mu/ h r5d]$ 8 "n famili> to all ! lead+ philosoph]s ( ! day4 ,x 7 va91 !re=e1 to enquire ?r\gh :at *annel ! e*o ( 8 fame fir/ rea*$ ! e> ( ,c\nt ,rum=d2#cd x is suffici5t to /ate t ,mr4 ,und]wood1 a g5tleman ard5tly atta*$ to sci5ce1 & devot$ to ! int]e/s ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 0 among/ ! fir/ to urge ! exp$i5cy ( invit+ him to ,london z a public lectur]4 ,mr4 ,und]wood1 9 a lett] lately address$ to me f ,p>is1 says1 ,9 consequ5ce ( sev]al conv]sations ) ,c\nt ,rum=d1 on ! subject ( ,davy's sup]ior tal5ts1 & ! advantages t w\ld accrue to ! ,in/itution f engag+ him z a lectur]1 ! ,c\nt call$ ^u me on ! #e? ( ,janu>y #ahja1 hav+ receiv$ f ! ,manag]s ( ! ,in/itution full p[]s to negotiate ^u ! subject4 ,on ?is occasion1 h[ev]1 ,i ?\ght x advisable to introduce ! ,c\nt to ,mr4 ,james ,?omson1 z be+ ! m eligible p]son to treat 9 behalf ( ,davy1 n only on acc\nt ( 8 great] intimacy ) him1 b because1 n be+ a proprietor1 he 0 unconnect$ ) ! int]e/s ( ! ,in/itution4 #cd ,among/ o!r celebrat$ *emi/s :o _h become acqua9t$ ) ,davy at ,bri/ol1 & subsequ5tly spok5 ( 8 extraord9>y g5ius1 0 ,dr4 ,hope4 ,he in=ms me t ,c\nt ,rum=d _h appli$ to him to f9d "s *emi/ :o w\ld und]take ! (fice ( lectur] at ! ,in/itution2 b t he fail$ 9 discov]+ su* a p]son z he c\ld1 ) propriety1 introduce2 "s "t aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 he became acqua9t$ ) ,davy1 & hav+ soon p]ceiv$ 8 tal5ts1 recomm5d$ him )\t any hesitation to ! patronage ( ! ,c\nt4 ,?is circum/ance1 comb9$ ) sev]al o!rs1 no d\bt might h _h its influ5ce 9 decid+ ! fate ( ,davy4 ,mr4 ,?omson1 :o saw ! prospect ( hon\r & emolum5t ?us op5$ = 8 fri5d1 aft] a satisfactory int]view ) ,c\nt ,rum=d1 imm$iately wrote to ,davy1 ) an e>ne/ recomm5dation t he %\ld1 )\t loss ( "t1 come to t[n1 & conclude an arrangem5t ?us auspici\sly comm5c$4 ,davy1 ) 8 *>act]i/ic ard\r1 answ]$ ! lett] 9 p]son4 ,he 0 introduc$ to ! ,manag]s1 & ! prelim9>y arrangem5ts 7 soon complet$2 ! nature ( :i* is disclos$ by himself 9 ! foll[+ lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t4 ,hotwells1 ,m>* #h1 #ahja4 ,i _c ?9k ( quitt+ ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution1 )\t giv+ y intimation ( x 9 a lett]2 inde$1 ,i believe ,i %\ld h done ?is "s "t ago1 _h n ! hurry ( bus9ess1 & ! fev] ( emotion produc$ by ! prospect ( novel *anges 9 futurity1 de/roy$ to a c]ta9 ext5t my p[]s ( consi/5t action4 ,y1 my de> ,sir1 h behav$ to me ) great k9dness1 & ! little ability ,i possess y h v mu* contribut$ to develope2 ,i %\ld !re=e accuse myself ( +ratitude1 7 ,i to neglect to ask y\r approbation ( ! measures ,i h adopt$ ) reg>d to ! *ange ( my situation1 & ! enl>gem5t ( my views 9 life4 ,9 consequ5ce ( an invitation f ,c\nt ,rum=d1 giv5 to me ) "s proposals relative to ! ,royal ,in/itution1 ,i visit$ ,london 9 ! middle ( ,febru>y1 :]e1 aft] sev]al conf]5ces ) t g5tleman1 ,i 0 invit$ by ! ,manag]s ( ! ,royal ,in/itution to become ! ,director ( _! laboratory1 & _! ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( *emi/ry2 at ! same "t ,i 0 assur$ t1 )9 ! space ( two or ?ree seasons1 ,i %\ld be made sole ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry1 /ill cont9u+ ,director ( ! laboratory4 ,! imm$iate emolum5t (f]$ 0 suffici5t = my wants2 & ! sole & uncontroll$ use ( ! app>atus ( ! ,in/itution1 = private exp]im5ts1 0 to be grant$ me4 ,! behavi\r ( ,c\nt ,rum=d1 ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 ,mr4 ,cav5di%1 & ! o!r pr9cipal manag]s1 0 lib]al & polite2 & !y promis$ me any app>atus t ,i might ne$ = new exp]im5ts4 ,! "t requir$ to be devot$ to ! s]vices ( ! ,in/itution 0 b %ort1 be+ limit$ *iefly to ! w9t] & spr+4 ,! emolum5ts to be atta*$ to ! (fice ( sole ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry are great2 &1 above all1 ! situation is p]man5t1 & held v hon\rable4 ,^! motives1 jo9$ to ! approbation ( ,dr4 ,b$does1 :o ) great lib]ality has absolv$ me f my engagem5ts at ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution1 & ! /rong wi%es ( mo/ ( my fri5ds 9 ,london & ,bri/ol1 det]m9$ my conduct4 ,?us ,i am quickly to be transf]r$ to ,london1 :il/ my sph]e ( action is consid]ably enl>g$1 & z mu* p[] z ,i c\ld reasonably expect1 or ev5 wi% = at my "t ( life1 secur$ to me )\t ! obligation ( lab\r+ at a pr(ession4 ,! ,royal ,in/itution w1 ,i hope1 be ( "s utility to society4 ,x has und\bt$ly ! capability ( becom+ a great in/rum5t ( moral & intellectual improvem5t4 ,its funds are v great4 ,x has atta*$ to x ! feel+s ( a great numb] ( p ( fa%ion & prop]ty1 & consequ5tly may be ! means ( employ+1 to useful purposes1 money :i* w\ld o!rwise be squ&]$ 9 luxury1 & 9 ! production ( unnecess>y lab\r4 ,c\nt ,rum=d pr(esses t x w be kept di/9ct f p>ty politics2 ,i s9c]ely wi% t su* may be ! case1 ?\gh ,i fe> x4#ce ,z = myself1 ,i %all become atta*$ to x full ( hope1 ) ! resolution ( employ+ all my feeble p[]s t[>ds promot+ its true int]e/s4 ,s mu* ( my pap] has be5 giv5 to pure egotism1 t ,i h b little room left to say any ?+ conc]n+ ! /ate ( sci5ce1 & ! public m9d 9 t[n2 un=tunately1 !re is little to say4 ,i h he>d ( no important discov]ies4 ,9 politics1 no?+ seems capable ( excit+ p]man5t int]e/4 ,! /roke ( pov]ty1 ?\gh sev]ely felt1 has be5 a torp$o1 b5umb+ all en]gy1 & n irritat+ & awak5+ x1 z might h be5 expect$4 ,"h1 at ! ,pneumatic ,in/itution1 ! nitr\s oxide has evid5tly be5 ( use4 ,dr4 ,b$does is proce$+ 9 ! execution ( 8 great popul> physiological "w1 :i*1 if x equals ! plan he holds out1 ought to sup]s$e e "w ( ! k9d4 ,i h be5 pursu+ ,galvanism ) lab\r1 & "s success4 ,i h be5 able to produce galvanic p[] f simple plates1 by effect+ on !m diff]5t oxidat+ & deoxidat+ processes2 b on ?is po9t ,i _c enl>ge 9 ! small rema9+ space ( pap]4 ,y\r rem>k conc]n+ negative ,galvanism1 & deoxidation1 is curi\s1 & w mo/ probably hold good4 ,x w give me mu* pleasure to see y\r ma!matical ,pap]#cf 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 b x w be1 un=tunately1 to me ! pleasure ( bl9d sympa?y1 ?\gh d]iv$ f ! consci\sness t y ought to be act+ ^u1 & in/ruct+ ! _w at l>ge4 ,x w give me s9c]e pleasure to he> f y1 :5 y are at leisure4 ,aft] ! #aa? ,i %all be 9 t[n--my direction1 ,royal ,in/itution1 ,albem>le ,/reet4 ,i am1 my de> fri5d1 ) respect & affection1 ,y\rs1 ,,humphry ,,davy4 #ce ,9 ,engl&1 politics s con/antly mix !mselves up ) all our in/itutions1 :ile sci5ce un=tunately f9ds s few disciples & patrons 9 ! ranks ( ari/ocracy1 t e new society is view$ ) jeal\sy & p>ty _s4 ,johnson says1 9 8 ,life ( ,addison--,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! ,royal ,society 0 in/itut$ soon aft] ! ,re/oration1 to div]t ! att5tion ( ! p f public discont5t4--,p4 #cf ,he alludes to "s calculations connect$ ) light1 & ! impond]able fluids4 ,! fir/ notice ( ,davy's "n1 9 ! ,m9ute ,book ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 occurs 9 ! ,report adopt$ at a ,meet+ ( ! ,manag]s1 on ,monday ! #af? ( ,febru>y #ahja4 ,resolv$--,t ,mr4 ,humphry ,davy be engag$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 9 ! capacities ( ,assi/ant ,lectur] 9 ,*emi/ry1 ,director ( ! ,laboratory1 & ,assi/ant ,editor ( ! ,j\rnals ( ! ,in/itution1 & t he be all[$ to occupy a room 9 ! h\se1 & be furni%$ ) coals & c&les2 & t he be paid a sal>y ( "o hundr$ gu9eas p] annum4 ,on ! #af? ( ,m>* #ahja1 aft] report+ t a room _h be5 prep>$ & furni%$ = ,davy1 ! ,m9ute proce$s to /ate t ,mr4 ,davy _h arriv$ at ! ,in/itution on ,w$nesday ! #aa? ( ,m>*1 & tak5 possession ( 8 situation4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t ! fir/ impression produc$ on ,c\nt ,rum=d by ,davy's p]sonal appe>ance1 0 highly unfav\rable to ! "y philosoph]1 & he express$ to ,mr4 ,und]wood 8 great regret at hav+ be5 influ5c$ by ! ard\r ) :i* 8 suit _h be5 urg$2 & he actually w\ld n all[ him to lecture 9 ! ,!atre1 until he _h giv5 a specim5 ( 8 abilities 9 ! small] lecture-room4 ,8 fir/ lecture1 h[ev]1 entirely remov$ e prejudice :i* _h be5 =m$2 & at its conclusion ! ,c\nt emphatically exclaim$--,let him comm& any arrangem5ts :i* ! ,in/itution c af=d4 ,he 0 accord+ly1 on ! v next day1 promot$ to ! great ,!atre4 ,davy's unc\? appe>ance & address subject$ him to _m o!r mortifications on 8 fir/ arrival 9 ,london4 ,!re 0 a smirk on 8 c\nt5ance1 & a p]tness 9 8 mann]1 :i*1 al?\gh aris+ f ! p]fect simplicity ( 8 m9d1 7 consid]$ z indicat+ an unbecom+ confid5ce4 ,johnson1 ! publi%]1 z _m ( my read]s w probably rememb]1 0 9 ! cu/om ( giv+ weekly d9n]s to ! m di/+ui%$ au?ors & lit]>y />s ( ! day4 ,davy1 soon aft] 8 appo9tm5t1 0 invit$ ^u "o ( ^! occasions1 b ! ho/ actually consid]$ x necess>y to expla91 by way ( apology1 to 8 company1 ! motives :i* _h induc$ him to introduce into _! society a p]son ( su* humble pret5sions4 ,at ?is d9n] a circum/ance occurr$1 :i* mu/ h be5 v mortify+ to ! "y philosoph]4 ,fuseli 0 pres5t1 &1 z usual1 highly en]getic ^u v>i\s passages ( beauty 9 ! poets1 :5 ,davy mo/ un=tunately obs]v$1 t !re 7 passages 9 ,milton :i* he c\ld nev] und]/&4 ,v likely1 v likely1 ,sir1 repli$ ! arti/ 9 8 broad ,g]man acc5t1 b ,i am sure t is n ,milton's fault4 ,on ! #g? ( ,april1 he 0 elect$ a memb] ( a society :i* consi/$ ( tw5ty-five ( ! mo/ viol5t republicans ( ! day2 x 0 call$ ! ,tepid>ian ,society1 f ! circum/ance ( no?+ b tea be+ all[$ at _! meet+s1 :i* 7 held at ,old ,slaught]'s ,c(fee ,h\se 9 ,sa9t ,m>t9's ,lane4 ,to ! influ5ce ( ?is society1 ,mr4 ,und]wood /ates t ,davy 0 greatly indebt$ = 8 e>ly popul>ity4 ,fame ga!rs h] laurels ) a sl[ h&1 & ! mo/ brilliant tal5ts require a c]ta9 "t = produc+ a due impression ^u ! public2 ! ,tepid>ians ex]t$ all _! p]sonal influ5ce to obta9 an audi5ce be=e ! reputation ( ! lectur] c\ld h be5 suffici5tly kn[n to attract "o4 ,al?\gh ! acqua9tance betwe5 ,davy & ,c\nt ,rum=d comm5c$ s inauspici\sly1 !y v soon became fri5ds1 & mutually ent]ta9$ = ea* o!r ! highe/ reg>d4 ,davy's improv$ mann]s & naturally simple habits1 at ?is p]iod1 7 highly int]e/+ & exempl>y3 t[>ds 8 old fri5ds he conduct$ himself ) ! greate/ am5ity1 & frequ5tly consult$ !m ^u c]ta9 po9ts connect$ ) 8 new /ation 9 society4 ,! foll[+ anecdote 0 communicat$ by ,mr4 ,und]wood4--,i introduc$ him1 says he1 to my old fri5d1 ! excell5t ,sir ,h5ry ,englefield1 :o 0 ! fir/ intimate acqua9tance ,davy _h =m$ 9 ! high] circles2 he 0 receiv$ by him ) all t w>m? ( mann]1 & k9dness ( feel+1 :i* s em95tly di/+ui%$ him4 ,%ortly aft] ?is introduction1 ,sir ,h>ry s5t him an invitation to meet me at d9n]4 ,davy f\nd himself unable to frame an answ] to 8 satisfaction1 & fe>+ he might betray 8 ignorance ( etiquette1 ran to my h\se1 & greatly al>m$ my "m by ! extreme anxiety he display$1 & ! mann] 9 :i* he entreat$ h] to s5d me to him ! mom5t ,i return$4 ,i w5t & f\nd him cudgell+ 8 bra9s to produce ?is fir/ attempt at fa%ionable composition2 a doz5 answ]s 7 on 8 table1 & he 0 9 ! highe/ degree excit$ & annoy$4 ,x w\ld appe> t1 imm$iately aft] 8 arrival at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 he ent]$ ^u ! duties ( 8 /ation1 & p]=m$ !m s greatly to ! satisfaction ( ! ,manag]s1 t1 at a ,meet+ held on ! fir/ ( ,june1 n m ?an six weeks aft]w>ds1 ! foll[+ ,resolutions 7 pass$4 ,resolv$--,t ,mr4 ,humphry ,davy1 ,director ( ! ,*emical ,laboratory1 & ,assi/ant ,lectur] 9 ,*emi/ry1 has1 s9ce he has be5 employ$ at ! ,in/itution1 giv5 satisfactory pro(s ( 8 tal5ts z a ,lectur]4 ,resolv$--,t he be appo9t$1 & 9 future d5om9at$1 ,lectur] 9 ,*emi/ry at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 in/ead ( cont9u+ to occupy ! place ( ,assi/ant ,lectur]1 :i* he has hi!rto fill$4 ,f an exam9ation ( ! ,m9ute ,book1 x appe>s t ,dr4 ,g>nett1 ^: heal? _h long be5 on ! decl9e1 resign$ 8 pr(essor%ip on ! #ae? ( ,june1#cg & t on ! #f? ( ,july 9 ! same ye>1 ,dr4 ,"y 0 engag$ z ,pr(essor ( ,natural ,philosophy1 ,editor ( ! ,j\rnals1 & g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,h\se1 at ! sal>y ( #cjjl4 p] annum4 #cg ,he deliv]$ 8 f>ewell ,lecture on ! #i? ( ! same mon?4 ,) ,dr4 ,g>nett he _h liv$ on t]ms ( great intimacy2 ) 8 successor he associat$ ) less ease & fre$om4 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,manag]s1 also held 9 ,july1 sev]al ,resolutions 7 pass$ to ! foll[+ effect4 ,resolv$--,t a ,c\rse ( ,lectures on ! ,*emical ,pr9ciples ( ! ,art ( ,tann+ be giv5 by ,mr4 ,davy4 ,to comm5ce ! second ( ,novemb] next2 & t respectable p]sons ( ! trade1 :o %all be recomm5d$ by ,proprietors ( ! ,in/itution1 be admitt$ to ^! lectures gratis4 ,resolv$ fur!r--,t ,mr4 ,davy h p]mission to abs5t himself dur+ ! mon?s ( ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]1 = ! purpose ( mak+ himself m p>ticul>ly acqua9t$ ) ! practical "p ( ! bus9ess ( tann+1 9 ord] to prep>e himself = giv+ ! above-m5tion$ c\rse ( lectures4 ,davy1 x w\ld appe>1 avail$ himself ( ! p]mission grant$ to him by ! above resolution ( ! ,manag]s1 & dur+ ! int]val visit$ 8 native c\ntry4 ,he _h arrang$ ) 8 fri5d ,und]wood to make a t\r ?r\gh ,cornwall2 b z x 0 8 wi% to rema9 at ,bri/ol = a few days1 on 8 way to ! ,we/1 x 0 agre$ betwe5 !m t !y %\ld meet at ,p5zance4 ,davy1 h[ev]1 became impati5t1 & wrote ! foll[+ lett] to 8 fri5d1 a composition ( mu* wildness1 & obnoxi\s to ! suspicion ( ,sp9osism4 ,,my ,,de> ,,und]wood1 ,t "p ( ,almighty ,god :i* resides 9 ! rocks & woods1 9 ! blue & tranquil sea1 9 ! cl\ds & sunbeams ( ! sky1 is call+ ^u !e ) a l\d voice3 religi\sly obey its comm&s1 & come & wor%ip ) me on ! anci5t alt>s ( ,cornwall4 ,i %all leave ,bri/ol on ,?ursday next1 possibly be=e1 s t by ?is day week ,i %all probably be at ,p5zance4 ,t5 days or a =tnight aft]1 ,i %all expect to see y1 & to rejoice ) y4 ,we w admire toge!r ! wond]s ( ,god1--rocks & ! sea1 dead hills & liv+ hills cov]$ ) v]dure4 ,am54 ,write to me imm$iately1 & say :5 y w come4 ,direct ,h4 ,davy1 ,p5zance4 ,f>ewell1 ,be+ ( en]gy6 ,y\r's ) unfeign$ affection1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,mr4 ,und]wood transmitt$ to me ! above lett] ) ! foll[+ extract f 8 j\rnal4 ,on ! #be? ,i w5t to ,bri/ol1 & on ! #cj? arriv$ at ,mrs4 ,davy's at ,p5zance4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,augu/ we set (f on a p$e/rian excursion1 & proce$$ along ! edge ( ! cliffs1 r\nd ! ,l&'s ,end1 ,cape ,cornwall1 ,sa9t ,j1 & ,sa9t ,ives1 to ,r$ru?1 & !nce back to ,p5zance4 ,two days aft]w>ds we aga9 />t$1 & trudg$ along ! %ore to ! ,liz>d4 ,kynance ,cove _h f ! comm5cem5t ( our intimacy be5 a daily !me ( 8 conv]sation4 ,no epi!ts 7 suffici5tly =cible to express 8 admiration at ! beauty ( ! spot3 ! en?usia/ic delight ) :i* he dwelt ^u ! description ( ! ,s]p5t9e rocks1 poli%$ by ! waves1 & reflect+ ! brighte/ t9ts f _! surfaces1 seem$ inexhau/ible1 & :5 we _h arriv$ at ! spot he appe>$ absolutely entranc$4 ,dur+ ^! excursions 8 conv]sation 0 mo/ romantic & poetical4 ,8 views ( ,nature1 & h] sublime op]ations1 7 express$ )\t res]ve1 z !y rapidly pres5t$ !mselves to 8 imag9ation3 !y 7 ! rav+s ( g5ius2 b ev5 8 nons5se 0 t ( a sup]ior be+4 ,at ! village ( ,mullion1 a little incid5t occurr$1 :i* ev9c$ ! exi/5ce ( t ga/ronomic prop5sity :i*1 9 aft] ye>s1 display$ itself 9 a wid] range ( op]ations4 ,! t\ri/s _h1 on _! road1 pur*as$ a f9e l>ge bass ( a fi%]man1 ) ! int5tion ( desir+ ! l&lady to dress x4 ,on arriv+ at ! inn1 ,mr4 ,und]wood retir$ into a room = ! purpose ( mak+ "s notes 9 ! j\rnal he regul>ly kept4 ,davy _h disappe>$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few m9utes a mo/ trem5d\s upro> 0 he>d 9 ! kit*51 & ! indignant vocif]ations ( ! ho/ess1 :i*1 ev5 ) all ! advantages ( ,corni% recitative1 0 n ( ! mo/ melodi\s description1 became fe>fully audible4 ,davy1 x seems1 _h volunte]$ 8 assi/ance 9 mak+ ! sauce & /uff+ = ! a=esaid bass2 & _h he n spe$ily retreat$1 8 s]vices w\ld h be5 rew>d$1 n accord+ to ! sci5tific practice ( app5d+ a /r+ ( lett]s to 8 "n1 b 9 con=mity ) ! equally anci5t cu/om ( atta*+ a c]ta9 di%on\rable addition to ! skirts ( 8 jacket4 ,i h obs]v$ t 8 lett] to ,mr4 ,und]wood betray$ a t9cture ( ,sp9osism4 ,x may be "h rem>k$1 t dur+ ! ye> #ahja he compos$ a poem1 :i* he arbitr>ily di/+ui%$ by t appellation1 s+ul>ly oppos$ to ! t5or ( ! s5tim5ts4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,gre5\gh ,i possess a copy ( x 9 its orig9al /ate1 = x 0 subsequ5tly alt]$1 & publi%$ 9 a collection1 edit$ by ,miss ,johanna ,baillie2 & /ill m rec5tly1 x und]w5t f>!r corrections1 & 0 pr9t$ = private circulation 9 ! =m 9 :i* ,i %all "h introduce x4 ,lo6 o'er ! ,e>? ! k9dl+ spirits p\r ,! flames ( life1 t b\nte\s ,nature gives2 ,! limpid dew becomes ! rosy fl[]2 ,! ins5sate du/ awakes1 & moves1 & lives4 ,all speaks ( *ange3 ! r5ovat$ =ms ,( long =gott5 ?+s arise aga94 ,! light ( suns1 ! brea? ( angry /orms1 ,! ev]la/+ motions ( ! ma92 ,^! are b eng9es ( ! ,et]nal ,w1 ,! ,"o ,intellig5ce2 ^: pot5t sway ,has ev] act$1 & is act+ /ill1 ,:il/ />s1 & worlds1 & sy/ems1 all obey3 ,)\t ^: p[]1 ! :ole ( mortal ?+s ,7 dull1 in]t1 an unh>moni\s b&2 ,sil5t z are ! h>p's untun$ /r+s ,)\t ! t\*es ( ! poet's h&4 ,a sacr$ sp>k1 creat$ by ,8 brea?1 ,! immortal m9d ( man 8 image be>s2 ,a _s liv+ mid/ ! =ms ( dea?1 ,oppress'd b n subdu$ by mortal c>es-- ,a g]m1 prep>+ 9 ! w9t]'s fro/1 ,to rise & bud & blossom 9 ! spr+2 ,an unfl$g$ eagle by ! tempe/ to/1 ,unconsci\s ( 8 future /r5g? ( w+3-- ,! *ild ( trial1 to mortality1 ,& all its *angeful influ5ces giv53 ,on ! gre5 e>? decre$ to move & die2 ,& yet by su* a fate prep>$ = ,heav54-- ,soon z x brea!s1 to feel ! "m's =m ,( orb$ beauty1 ?r\gh its organs ?rill2 ,to press ! limbs ( life ) rapture w>m1 ,& dr9k ( transport f a liv+ rill3 ,to view ! skies ) morn+ radiance bright1 ,maje/ic m+l+ ) ! ocean blue1 ,or b\nd$ by gre5 hills1 or m\nta9s :ite2 ,or peopl$ pla9s ( ri* & v>i$ hue3 ,! nobl] *>ms a/oni%'d to behold ,( liv+ lovel9ess1 to see x move1 ,ca/ 9 expression's ri* & v>i$ m\ld1 ,awak5+ sympa?y1 compell+ love3-- ,! heav5ly balm ( mutual hope to ta/e1 ,soo!r ( life2 affection's bliss to %>e1 ,sweet z ! /ream amid/ ! des]t wa/e1 ,z ! fir/ blu% ( arctic daylight fair3-- ,to m+le ) its k9dr$1 to descry ,! pa? ( p[]--9 public life to %9e2 ,to ga9 ! voice ( popul>ity2 ,! idol ( to-day1 ! man div9e3-- ,to gov]n o!rs by an influ5ce /rong ,z t high law1 :i* moves ! murm'r+ ma92 ,rais+ & c>ry+ all its waves along1 ,b5ea? ! full-orb'd moon's m]idian reign3-- ,to scan h[ transi5t is ! brea? ( praise2 ,a w9t]'s zephyr trembl+ on ! sn[1 ,*ill'd z x moves2 or z ! nor!rn rays1 ,fir/ fad+ 9 ! c5tre1 :5ce !y fl[3-- ,to live 9 =e/s m+l$ ) ! :ole ,( natural =ms1 ^: g5]ations rise ,9 lovely *ange1 9 happy ord] roll ,on l&1 9 ocean1 9 ! glitt]+ skies3-- ,_! h>mony to trace--,! ,et]nal ,cause ,to "k 9 love1 9 rev]5ce to adore-- ,to b5d b5ea? ! inevitable law1 ,s9k+ 9 dea?2 its human /r5g? no m3-- ,!n1 z awak5+ f a dream ( pa91 ,) joy its mortal feel+s to resign2 ,yet all its liv+ ess5ce to reta91 ,! undy+ en]gy ( /r5g? div9e3 ,to quit ! burd5s ( its e>?ly days1 ,to give to ,nature all h] borr['d p[]s2 ,e!real fire to fe$ ! sol> rays1 ,e!real dew to glad ! e>? 9 %[]s4 ,! foll[+ lett] 0 writt5 f ,london1 aft] 8 return f 8 ,corni% excursion4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,royal ,in/itution1 ,nov4 #ad1 #ahja4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,aft] leav+ ,cornwall 9 ,augu/1 ,i sp5t ab\t ?ree weeks 9 ,bri/ol1 & at ,/[ey1 s t ,i did n arrive 9 ,london until ! #bj? ( ,septemb]4 ,on my arrival ,i f\nd t ,c\nt ,rum=d _h alt]$ 8 plans ( abs5ce1 & _h left ,london on t v day = ! ,cont95t1 purpos+ to return 9 ab\t two mon?s4 ,he is n[ at ,p>is1 & 9 ab\t a =tnight we expect him "h4 ,i %all soon h an opportunity ( submitt+ ,capta9 ,trevi!ck's boil] to 8 obs]vation1 & 9 my next lett] ,i %all give y 8 op9ion ( x4 ,y ( c\rse h read an acc\nt ( ,dr4 ,h]s*el's exp]im5ts on ! heat-mak+ rays2 f "s late obs]vations x appe>s1 t !re are o!r invisible rays beyond ! violet ones1 possess$ ( ! *emical ag5cy ( ,light4 ,s5nebi] asc]ta9$ "s "t ago t ! violet rays black5$ muriate ( silv] 9 ?ree seconds2 :]eas ! r$ rays requir$1 = ?is effect1 tw5ty m9utes4 ,ritt] & ,dr4 ,wolla/on h f\nd t beyond ! violet rays !re is ex]t$ a /rong deoxidat+ action4 ,muriate ( silv] plac$ 9 ! spectrum is n alt]$ beyond ! r$ rays2 b x is in/antly black5$ :5 plac$ on ! outside ( ! violet rays4 ,i purpose to try :e!r ! invisible deoxidat+ rays w produce light1 :5 absorb$ by sol> phosphorus4 ,! mo/ curi\s galvanic facts lately notic$1 are ! combu/ion ( gold1 silv]1 & plat9a4 ,pr(essor ,tromsdorf1 by connect+ ! ends ( a mod]ately /rong batt]y ) gold & silv] leaf1 produc$ ! combu/ion ( !m ) vivid light4 ,9 repeat+ ! exp]im5t on a ?9 slip ( plat9a1 ,i h produc$ ! same effect4 ,i ye/]day asc]ta9$ r an important fact1 namely1 t a galvanic batt]y may be con/ruct$ )\t any metallic sub/ance6 ,by means ( t5 pieces ( well-burnt *>coal1 nitr\s acid1 & wat]1 arrang$ alt]nately 9 w9e-glasses1 ,i produc$ all ! effects usually obta9$ f z9c1 silv]1 & wat]4 ,! ,bak]ian ,lecture by ,dr4 ,"y1 our ,lectur] on ,natural ,philosophy1 is n[ read+ be=e ! ,royal ,society4 ,he attempts to revive ! doctr9e ( ,huyg5s & ,eul]1 t light dep5ds ^u undulations ( an e!real m$ium4 ,8 pro(s 7i4e4 8 presumptive pro(s7 are drawn f "s /rong & curi\s analogies he has discov]$ betwe5 ,light & ,s\nd4 ,i %all /rongly hope1 n[ ! ,peace has arriv$1 to see y soon 9 ,london1 z y propos$ a t\r ?r\gh ! ,cont95t2 inde$1 y %\ld fix y\r p]man5t resid5ce 9 ,london1 :]e alone y c d :at y ought--in/ruct & delight numb]s ( improv$ m54 ,i am1 my fri5d1 y\rs ,) unfeign$ e/eem & respect1 ,,humphry ,,davy4 ,al?\gh dur+ #ahja ,davy _h giv5 "s desultory ,lectures1 8 spl5did c>e] _c be said to h comm5c$ until ! foll[+ ye>1 :5 on ! #ba/ ( ,janu>y he deliv]$ 8 ,introductory ,lecture to a cr[d$ & enlight5$ audi5ce 9 ! ,!atre ( ! ,royal ,in/itution2 :i* 0 aft]w>ds pr9t$ at ! reque/ ( a respectable proportion ( ! ,society4 ,x conta9s a ma/]ly view ( ! b5efits to be d]iv$ f ! v>i\s bran*es ( sci5ce4 ,he repres5ts ! ,*emi/ z ! ,rul] ( all ! elem5ts t surr\nd u1 & :i* he employs ei!r = ! satisfaction ( 8 wants1 or ! gratification ( 8 wi%es4 ,n cont5t$ ) :at is to be f\nd on ! surface ( ! e>?1 he describes him z p5etrat+ into h] bosom1 & ev5 ( se>*+ ! dep?s ( ! ocean1 = ! purpose ( allay+ ! re/lessness ( 8 desires1 or ( ext5d+ & increas+ ! b\nd>ies ( 8 p[]4 ,9 exam9+ ! sci5ce ( ,*emi/ry1 ) reg>d to its great ag5cy 9 ! improvem5t ( society1 he (f]s ! foll[+ almo/ prophetic rem>ks4 ,unless any great physical *anges %\ld take place ^u ! globe1 ! p]man5cy ( ! ,arts & ,sci5ces is r5d]$ c]ta91 9 consequ5ce ( ! diffusion ( k1 by means ( ! inv5tion ( ,pr9t+2 & by :i* ^? words :i* are ! immutable in/rum5ts ( ?\ght1 are become ! con/ant & widely diffus$ n\ri%m5t ( ! m9d1 & ! pres]v]s ( its heal? & en]gy4 ,individuals influ5c$ by int]e/$ motives or false views1 may *eck = a "t ! progress ( k2--moral causes may produce a mom5t>y slumb] ( ! public _s2--! adoption ( wild & dang]\s !ories1 by ambiti\s or delud$ m51 may ?r[ a tempor>y opprobrium on lit]ature2 b ! influ5ce ( true philosophy w nev] be despis$2 ! g]ms ( improvem5t are s[n 9 m9ds1 ev5 :]e !y are n p]ceiv$2 & soon] or lat]1 ! spr+-"t ( _! gr[? mu/ arrive4 ,9 reason+ conc]n+ ! future hopes ( ! human species1 we may look =w>d ) confid5ce to a /ate ( society1 9 :i* ! diff]5t ord]s & classes ( m5 w contribute m effectually to ! support ( ea* o!r ?an !y h hi!rto done4 ,?is /ate1 inde$1 seems to be approa*+ fa/2 =1 9 consequ5ce ( ! multiplication ( ! means ( in/ruction1 ! man ( sci5ce & ! manufactur] are daily becom+ m assimilat$ to ea* o!r4 ,! arti/1 :o =m]ly affect$ to despise sci5tific pr9ciples1 because he 0 incapable ( p]ceiv+ ! advantages ( !m1 is n[ s f> enlight5$ z to fav\r ! adoption ( new processes 9 8 art1 :5ev] !y are evid5tly connect$ ) a dim9ution ( lab\r2 & ! increase ( projectors1 ev5 to too great an ext5t1 demon/rates ! en?usiasm ( ! public m9d 9 its se>* aft] improvem5t4 ,! arts & sci5ces1 also1 are 9 a high degree cultivat$ & patroniz$ by ! ri* & privileg$ ord]s4 ,! gu>dians ( civilization & ( ref9em5t1 ! mo/ p[]ful & respect$ "p ( society1 are daily gr[+ m att5tive to ! realities ( life1--& giv+ up _m ( _! unnecess>y enjoym5ts1 9 consequ5ce ( ! desire to be useful1 are becom+ ! fri5ds & protectors ( ! lab\r+ "p ( ! community4 ,! unequal division ( prop]ty & ( lab\r1 ! diff]5ces ( rank & condition among/ mank9d1 are ! s\rces ( p[] 9 civiliz$ life--its mov+ causes1 & ev5 its v s\l4 ,9 consid]+ & hop+ t ! human species is capable ( becom+ m enlight5$ & m happy1 we c only expect t ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! great :ole ( society %\ld be intimately unit$ toge!r1 by means ( k & ! useful arts2 t !y %\ld act z ! *ildr5 ( "o great p>5t1 ) "o det]m9ate end1 s t no p[] may be r5d]$ useless--no ex]tions ?r[n away4 ,9 ?is view1 we d n look to di/ant ages1 or amuse ourselves ) brilliant ?\gh delusive dreams1 conc]n+ ! inf9ite improveability ( man1 ! annihilation ( lab\r1 disease1 & ev5 dea?1 b we reason by analogy f simple facts1 we consid] only a /ate ( human progression aris+ out ( its pres5t condition1--we look = a "t t we may reasonably expect--,,= ,a ,,bright ,,day1 ,,( ,,:i* ,,we ,,already ,,behold ,,! ,,dawn4 ,! extraord9>y s5sation produc$ among/ ! memb]s ( ! ,in/itution by ?is fir/ c\rse ( lectures1 has be5 vividly describ$ by v>i\s p]sons :o _h ! good =tune to be 8 auditors2 & =eign]s h record$ 9 _! travels ! en?usiasm ) :i* ! great ,engli% *emi/ _h inspir$ 8 c\ntrym54 ,! memb]s ( ! ,tepid>ian ,society1 sangu9e 9 ! success ( _! *ild1--= s !y consid]$ ,davy1--purposely appo9t$ _! anniv]s>y fe/ival on ! day ( 8 anticipat$ triumph4 ,!y 7 n disappo9t$ 9 _! hopes2 & _! d9n] 0 m>k$ by e demon/ration ( hil>ity4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ,davy accompani$ by a few fri5ds1 att5d$1 = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life1 a masqu]ade :i* 0 giv5 at ,ranelagh4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 he d9$ ) ,sir ,h>ry ,englefield4 ,i h a copy ( ! invitation1 address$ to ,mr4 ,und]wood1 n[ be=e me4 ,,de> ,,und]wood1 ,davy1 cov]$ ) glory1 d9es ) me to-day at five4 ,if y c\ld meet him1 x w\ld give me great pleasure4 ,tilney ,/reet1 ,friday4 ,y\rs truly1 ,h4 ,c4 ,,englefield4 ,at ?is d9n]1 ,sir ,h>ry wrote a reque/ to ,davy to pr9t 8 ,lecture1 :i* 0 sign$ by e "o pres5t1 except ,mr4 ,und]wood1 :o decl9$1 f ! appreh5sion t ! signature ( s intimate a fri5d might give to t :i* 0 a spontane\s homage to tal5t1 ! appe>ance ( a previ\sly conc]t$ s*eme4 ,i %all "h weave into my n>rative "s extracts f sev]al lett]s1 ) :i* ,mr4 ,purkis1 "o ( ! e>lie/ fri5ds ( ,davy1 has lately fav\r$ me4 ,on 8 fir/ appo9tm5t at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 ,i 0 specially introduc$ to him by a common fri5d1 ,?omas ,poole1 ,esq4 ( ,ne!r ,/[ey 9 ,som]set%ire2 & ,i cont9u$ 9 habits ( fri5d%ip ) him dur+ a great portion ( 8 life1 ?\gh some:at less intimately dur+ ! la/ few ye>s4 ,i lov$ him liv+--,i lam5t 8 e>ly dea?3 ,i %all ev] hon\r 8 memory4 ,! s5sation creat$ by 8 fir/ c\rse ( ,lectures at ! ,in/itution1 & ! en?usia/ic admiration :i* !y obta9$1 is at ?is p]iod sc>cely to be imag9$4 ,m5 ( ! fir/ rank & tal5t1--! lit]>y & ! sci5tific1 ! practical & ! !oretical1 blue-/ock+s1 & wom5 ( fa%ion1 ! old & ! "y1 all cr[d$--eag]ly cr[d$ ! lecture-room4 ,8 y\?1 8 simplicity1 8 natural eloqu5ce1 8 *emical k1 8 happy illu/rations & well-conduct$ exp]im5ts1 excit$ univ]sal att5tion & unb\nd$ applause4 ,complim5ts1 invitations1 & pres5ts1 7 %[]$ ^u him 9 abundance f all qu>t]s2 8 society 0 c\rt$ by all1 & all appe>$ pr\d ( 8 acqua9tance4 ,"o in/ance ( att5tion is p>ticul>ly recall$ to my memory4 ,a tal5t$ lady1 s9ce well kn[n 9 ! lit]>y _w1 address$ him anonym\sly 9 a poem ( consid]able l5g?1 replete ) delicate panegyric & g5u9e feel+4 ,x display$ mu* orig9ality1 le>n+1 & ta/e3 ! language 0 elegant1 ! v]sification h>moni\s1 ! s5tim5ts j1 & ! imag]y highly poetical4 ,x 0 accompani$ ) a h&some ornam5tal app5dage = ! wat*1 :i* he 0 reque/$ to we> :5 he deliv]$ 8 next lecture1 z a tok5 ( hav+ receiv$ ! poem1 & p>don$ ! fre$om ( ! writ]4 ,x 0 long be=e ! fair au?oress 0 kn[n to him1 b !y aft]w>ds became well acqua9t$ ) ea* o!r4 ,i %\ld n r$eem ! pl$ge giv5 to my read]s1 nor fulfill ! duties ( an imp>tial biograph]1 7 ,i to omit ackn[l$g+ t ! mann]s & habits ( ,davy v %ortly und]w5t a consid]able *ange4 ,let ^? :o h va9ly s\ght to disp>age 8 excell5ce1 enjoy ! triumph ( kn[+ t he 0 n p]fect2 b x may be ask$ 9 c&\r1 :]e is ! man ( tw5ty-two ye>s ( age1 unless ! temp]ature ( 8 blood 7 bel[ z]o1 & 8 temp]am5t z dull & passionless z ! fabl$ god ( ! ,brahm9s1 :o c\ld rema9 un9flu5c$ by su* an elevation8 ,look at ,davy 9 ! laboratory at ,bri/ol1 pursu+ ) eag] indu/ry v>i\s ab/ract po9ts ( rese>*2 mix+ only ) a few philosoph]s1 sangu9e l himself 9 ! inve/igation ( *emical ph5om5a1 b ^: sph]e ( obs]vation mu/ h be5 conf9$ to !mselves1 & ^: worldly k c\ld sc>cely h ext5d$ beyond ! prec9cts ( ! ,in/itution 9 :i* !y 7 engag$4 ,%ift ! sc5e--behold him 9 ! ,!atre ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 surr\nd$ by an ari/ocracy ( intellect z well z ( rank2 by ! fl[]s ( g5ius1 ! lite ( fa%ion1 & ! beauty ( ,engl&1 ^: v respirations 7 susp5d$ 9 eag] expectation to cat* 8 novel & satisfactory elucidations ( ! my/]ies ( ,nature4 ,c\ld ! au?or ( ! ,rambl] h revisit$ u1 he w\ld c]ta9ly h resc9d$ ! passage 9 :i* he says--,all appe>ance ( sci5ce is hateful to wom52 & he :o desires to be well receiv$ by !m1 mu/ qualify himself by a total rejection ( all t is rational & important2 mu/ consid] le>n+ z p]petually int]dict$1 & devote all 8 att5tion to trifle1 & all 8 eloqu5ce to complim5t4 ,x is admitt$ t 8 vanity 0 excit$1 & 8 ambition rais$1 by su* extraord9>y demon/rations ( devotion2 t ! bloom ( 8 simplicity 0 dull$ by ! brea? ( adulation2 & t1 los+ mu* ( ! native frankness :i* con/itut$ ! great *>m ( 8 "*1 he un=tunately assum$ ! g>b & airs ( a man ( fa%ion2 let u n wond] if1 "u su* circum/ances1 ! inappropriate robe %\ld n always h fall5 9 graceful drap]ies4 ,at l5g?1 s popul> did he become1 "u ! auspices ( ! ,du*ess ( ,gordon & o!r lead]s ( high fa%ion1 t ev5 _! soires 7 consid]$ incomplete )\t 8 pres5ce2 & yet ^! fasc9ations1 /rong z !y mu/ h be51 nev] tempt$ him f 8 allegiance to ,sci5ce3 nev] did ! *>ms ( ! saloon allure him f ! pursuits ( ! laboratory1 or di/ract him f ! duties ( ! lecture-room4 ,! cr[ds t repair$ to ! ,in/itution 9 ! morn+ 71 day aft] day1 gratifi$ by newly devis$ & highly illu/rative exp]im5ts1 conduct$ ) ! utmo/ address1 & expla9$ 9 language at once p]spicu\s & eloqu5t4 ,he br\ght d[n ,sci5ce f ^? heights :i* 7 be=e accessible only to a few1 & plac$ h] )9 ! rea* ( all2 he dive/$ ! goddess ( all sev]ity ( aspect1 & repres5t$ h] z attir$ by ! ,graces4 ,x is p]haps n possible to convey a bett] idea ( ! fasc9ation ( 8 /yle1 ?an by ! relation ( ! foll[+ anecdote4 ,a p]son hav+ obs]v$ ! con/ancy ) :i* ,mr4 ,col]idge att5d$ ^! lectures1 0 induc$ to ask ! poet :at attractions he c\ld f9d 9 a /udy s unconnect$ ) 8 kn[n pursuits4 ,i att5d ,davy's lectures1 he repli$1 to increase my /ock ( metaphors4 ,b1 z ,johnson says1 9 ! mo/ g5]al applause "s discordant voices w always be he>d2 & s 0 x ^u ! pres5t occasion4 ,x 0 urg$ by sev]al mod]n ,zoili1 t ! /yle 0 f> too florid & imag9ative = communicat+ ! pla9 lessons ( tru?2 t he describ$ objects ( ,natural ,hi/ory by inappropriate imag]y1 & t viol5t conceits frequ5tly usurp$ ! place ( philosophical def9itions4 ,?is 0 ,boeotian criticism2 ! ,attic spirits select$ o!r po9ts ( attack3 !y ralli$ him on ! gr\nd ( affectation1 & :imsically repres5t$ him z sway$ by a mawki% s5sibility1 :i* con/antly betray$ him into absurdity4 ,!re might be "s %[ ( ju/ice 9 ?is accusation3 ,! _w 0 n l>ge en\gh to satisfy ! vulg> ambition ( ! conqu]or1 b ! m9ute/ production ( nature af=d$ ample range = ! scrut9iz+ intellig5ce ( ! philosoph]2 & he w\ld consid] a p>ticle ( cry/al ) s delicate a reg>d = its m9ute beauties1 & expatiate ) s t5d] a tone ( int]e/ on its fair proportions1 z almo/ to convey an idea t he bewail$ ! condition ( necessity :i* = ev] allott$ x s sl5d] a place 9 ! va/ s*eme ( creation4 ,aft] ! obs]vations :i* h be5 (f]$ ) reg>d to ! injuri\s t5d5cy ( metaphors 9 all matt]s relat+ to sci5ce1 ,i may probably be *>g$ ) inconsi/5cy 9 def5d+ ,davy f ! attacks ?us levell$ aga9/ 8 /yle4 ,we ne$ n ! critic to rem9d u t ! /atue ( a ,lysippus may be spoil$ by gild+2 b ,i w\ld obs]ve t ! /yle :i* _c be tol]at$ 9 a philosophical essay1 may "u peculi> circum/ances be n only admissible1 b ev5 exp$i5t1 9 a popul> lecture4 ,neque ideo m9us efficaces sunt orationes no/r quia ad aures judicantium cum voluptate p]v5iunt4 ,quid enim si infirmiora horum temporum templa cr$as1 quia non rudi cm5to1 et in=mibus tegulis ex/ruuntur2 s$ m>more nit5t et auro radiantur8 ,let u consid]1 = a mom5t1 ! class ( p]sons to :om ,davy address$ himself4 ,7 !y /ud5ts prep>$ to toil ) sy/ematic precision1 9 ord] to obta9 k z a matt] ( necessity8--,no--!y 7 compos$ ( ! gay & ! idle1 :o c\ld only be tempt$ to admit in/ruction by ! prospect ( receiv+ pleasure1--!y 7 *ildr51 :o c\ld only be induc$ to swall[ ! salut>y draught by ! honey ar\nd ! rim ( ! cup4 ,x has be5 well obs]v$1 t necessity alone c urge ! travell] ov] b>r5 hea?s & sn[-topp$ m\nta9s1 :ile he treads ) rapture along ! f]tile vales ( ^? happi] climes :]e e breeze is p]fume1 & e sc5e a picture4 ,if ,sci5ce c be promot$ by increas+ ! numb] ( its vot>ies1 & by enli/+ into its s]vice ^? :om weal? & p[] may r5d] valuable z examples or patrons1 !re does n exi/ a class ( philosoph]s to :i* we are m l>gely indebt$ ?an to popul> lectur]s1 or to ^? ^: eloqu5ce has clo!d ) int]e/1 subjects o!rwise sev]e & un9vit+4 ,h[ _m disciples did ,m9]alogy acquire ?r\gh ! lectures ( ,dr4 ,cl>ke at ,cambridge1 :o may truly be said to h cov]$ a des]t ) v]dure1 & to h rais$ f b>r5 rocks fl[]s ( e hue & fragrance6 ,9 ! si/] univ]sity1 :at an accession ( /r5g? & _s h ! animat$ disc\rses ( ,dr4 ,buckl& br\ght to ! ranks ( ,geologi/s6 ,to judge fairly ( ! influ5ce ( a popul> /yle1 we %\ld acqua9t ourselves ) ! effects ( an opposite me?od2 & if an appeal be made to exp]i5ce1 ,i may v safely abide ! issue4 ,dr4 ,"y1 ^: pr(\nd k ( ! subjects he taught1 no "o w v5ture to "q1 lectur$ 9 ! same !atre1 & to an audi5ce simil>ly con/itut$ to t :i* 0 attract$ by ,davy1 b he f\nd ! numb] ( 8 att5dants dim9i% daily1 & = no o!r reason ?an t he adopt$ too sev]e & didactic a /yle4#ch #ch ,f ! foll[+ m9ute x w\ld appe>1 t ,dr4 ,"y's connection ) ! ,royal ,in/itution 0 b ( %ort duration4 ,x w be rememb]$ t 8 appo9tm5t took place on ,july #f1 #ahja4 ,resolv$--,t ,dr4 ,"y be paid ! balance ( two ye>s' complete sal>y1 & t 8 engagem5t ) ! ,in/itution t]m9ate f ?is "t--,july #d1 #ahjc4 ,9 speak+ ( ,davy's lectures z m]e specim5s ( happy oratory1 we d inju/ice to ! philosoph]4 ,_h he m]ely add$ ! ,cor9?ian foliage to a temple built by o!r h&s1 we might h comm5d$ 8 ta/e1 & admir$ 8 tal5t ( adaptation1 & !re our eulogium mu/ h end$2 b ! edifice itself 0 8 own2 he dug ! mat]ials f ! qu>ry1 =m$ !m into a regul> pile1 & !n ) 8 ma/]ly t\* add$ to its /r5g? beauty1 & to its utility grace4 ,9 addition to ^! morn+ lectures1 we f9d t he 0 also engag$ 9 deliv]+ a c\rse 9 ! ev5+2 ( :i* ! foll[+ notice is extract$ f "o ( ! sci5tific j\rnals ( ! "t4 ,on ! #be?1 ,mr4 ,davy comm5c$ a c\rse ( lectures on ,galvanic ph5om5a4 ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 ,c\nt ,rum=d1 & o!r di/+ui%$ philosoph]s1 7 pres5t4 ,! audi5ce 7 highly gratifi$1 & te/ifi$ _! satisfaction by g5]al & repeat$ applause4 ,mr4 ,davy1 :o appe>s to be v "y1 acquitt$ himself admirably4 ,f ! sp>kl+ intellig5ce ( 8 eye1 8 animat$ mann]1 & ! t\t ensemble1 we h no d\bt ( 8 atta9+ a v di/+ui%$ em95ce4 ,f a ,m9ute ent]$ on ! ,records ( ! ,in/itution1 x appe>s t1 at a meet+ ( ,manag]s held on ! #ca/ ( ,may #ahjb1 x 0 mov$ by ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 & second$ by ,mr4 ,sullivan1-- ,t ,mr4 ,humphry ,davy be = ! future /yl$ ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry to ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,a suffici5t pro( ( ! univ]sal feel+ ( admiration :i* 8 lectures _h excit$4 ,! success ( 8 ex]tions is communicat$ by him to 8 e>ly fri5d1 9 ! foll[+ lett]4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,,de> ,,fri5d1 ,s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,session at ! ,in/itution1 ,i h _h b few mom5ts ( leisure4 ,! composition ( a fir/ c\rse ( lectures1 & ! prep>ation = exp]im5ts1 h fully occupi$ my "t2 & ! anxieties & hopes connect$ ) a new occupation h prev5t$ me f pay+ suffici5t att5tion ev5 to ! common duties & affections ( life4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ,i tru/ y w p>don me = hav+ suff]$ y\r lett]s to rema9 s long unansw]$4 ,9 human affairs1 anticipation (t5 con/itutes happ9ess3 y\r correspond5ce is to me a real s\rce ( pleasure1 &1 believe me1 ,i w\ld suff] no opportunity to escape ( mak+ x m frequ5t & regul>4 ,my lab\rs 9 ! ,!atre ( ! ,royal ,in/itution h be5 m successful ?an ,i c\ld h hop$ f ! nature ( !m4 ,9 lectures1 ! effect produc$ ^u ! m9d is g5]ally transitory2 = ! mo/ "p1 !y amuse r ?an in/ruct1 & /imulate to enquiry r ?an give in=mation4 ,my audi5ce has (t5 am\nt$ to f\r & five hundr$1 & upw>ds2 & among/ !m "s promise to become p]man5tly atta*$ to ,*emi/ry4 ,?is sci5ce is mu* ! fa%ion ( ! day4 ,among/ ! late/ sci5tific novelties1 ! two new planets occupy ! att5tion ( ,a/ronom]s1 :ile ,natural ,philosoph]s & ,*emi/s are /ill employ$ ^u ,galvanism4 ,9 a pap] lately read be=e ! ,royal ,society1 ,dr4 ,h]s*el exam9es ! magnitudes ( ! bodies discov]$ by ,mr4 ,piazzi & ,dr4 ,olb]s4 ,he supposes ! app>5t diamet] ( ,c]es to be ab\t #bb1 & t ( ,pallas1 #ag or #ac1 s t _! real diamet]s are #afc1 & #ie or #ga ,engli% miles--,h[ small6 ,! ,doctor ?9ks t !y diff] f planets 9 _! g5]al "*1 z to _! dim9utive size1 ! great incl9ation ( _! orbits1 ! coma surr\nd+ !m1 & z to ! proximity ( _! orbits4--,f comets1 9 _! want ( _! ecc5tricity1 & any consid]able nebulosity4 ,he proposes to call !m ,a/]oids4 ,i m5tion$ to y 9 a =m] lett] ! great p[]s ( ,galvanism 9 effect+ ! combu/ion ( metals4 ,i h lately _h con/ruct$ = ! laboratory ( ! ,in/itution1 a batt]y ( imm5se size3 x consi/s ( f\r hundr$ plates ( five in*es 9 diamet]1 & =ty1 ( a foot 9 diamet]4 ,by means ( x1 ,i h be5 enabl$ to inflame cotton1 sulphur1 res91 oil1 & e!r2 x fuses plat9a wire1 & makes r$ hot & burns sev]al in*es ( iron wire ( #a-cjj? ( an in* 9 diamet]2 x easily causes fluid sub/ances1 su* z oil & wat]1 to boil1 decomp\nds !m1 & conv]ts !m into gases4 ,i am n[ exam9+ ! ag5cies ( x ^u c]ta9 sub/ances t h n z yet be5 decompos$1 & 9 my next lett] ,i hope to be able to give y an acc\nt ( my exp]im5ts4 ,i %all hope soon to he> t ! roads ( ,engl& are ! haunts ( ,capta9 ,trevi!ck's dragons4 ,y h giv5 !m a *>act]i/ic "n4 ,i wi% any ?+ w\ld happ5 to tempt y to visit ,london4 ,y w\ld f9d a numb] ( p]sons v glad to see y1 ) ^: att5tions y c\ld n be displeas$4 ,) unfeign$ respect1 ,y\rs s9c]ely1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,x is p]haps n possible to imag9e a great] contra/1 ?an betwe5 ! elegant mann] 9 :i* ,davy conduct$ 8 exp]im5ts 9 ! !atre1 & ! app>5tly c>eless & slov5ly /yle ( 8 manipulations 9 ! laboratory3 b 9 ! "o case he 0 communicat+ k2 9 ! o!r1 obta9+ x4 ,mr4 ,purkis relates an anecdote v *>act]i/ic ( ?is want ( ref9em5t 9 8 work+ habits4 ,on "o occasion1 :ile read+ ov] to me an introductory lecture1 & wi%+ to expunge a ne$less epi!t1 in/ead ( tak+ up ! p51 he dipp$ 8 =ef+] into ! ink-bottle1 & ?us blott$ out ! unmean+ expletive4 ,x 0 8 habit 9 ! laboratory1 to c>ry on sev]al unconnect$ exp]im5ts at ! same "t1 & he w\ld pass f "o to ! o!r )\t any obvi\s design or ord]3 ^u ^! occasions he 0 p]fectly reckless ( 8 app>atus2 break+ & de/roy+ a "p1 9 ord] to meet "s want ( ! mom5t4 ,s rapid 7 all 8 movem5ts1 t1 :ile a spectator imag9$ he 0 m]ely mak+ prep>ations = an exp]im5t1 he 0 actually obta9+ ! results1 :i* 7 j z accurate z if a mu* long] "t _h be5 exp5d$4 ,) ,davy1 rapidity 0 p[]4 ,! rapid p]=mance ( intellectual op]ations 0 a tal5t :i* display$ itself at e p]iod ( 8 life4 ,we h he>d ) :at extraord9>y rapidity he read at ! age ( five ye>s2 & we n[ le>n t 8 *emical enquiries 7 conduct$ ) simil> facility & quickness4 ,8 e>ly fri5d ,mr4 ,poole be>s 8 te/imony to ! exi/5ce ( ! same quality 9 ! foll[+ passage1 extract$ f a lett] ,i _h lately ! fav\r ( receiv+ f him4 ,f my e>lie/ k ( my admirable fri5d1 ,i consid] 8 mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic to h be5 ! quickness & tru? ( 8 appreh5sion4 ,x 0 a p[] ( reason+ s rapid1 :5 appli$ to any subject1 t he c\ld h>dly be himself consci\s ( ! process2 & x mu/1 ,i ?9k1 h be5 felt by him1 z x appe>$ to me1 pure intuition4 ,i us$ to say to him1 ',y und]/& me be=e ,i half und]/& myself8' ,i recollect on our fir/ acqua9tance1 he knew b little ( ! practice ( agriculture4 ,i 0 at t "t a consid]able f>m]1 & v fond ( ! occupation4 ,dur+ 8 visits 9 ^? days1 ,i 0 at fir/ some?+ l 8 tea*]1 b my pupil soon became my ma/] bo? 9 !ory & practice4 ,! *emical manipulations ( ,wolla/on & ,davy (f]$ a s+ul> contra/ to ea* o!r1 & might be consid]$ z highly *>act]i/ic ( ! temp]am5ts & intellectual qualities ( ^! rem>kable m54 ,e process ( ! =m] 0 regulat$ ) ! mo/ scrupul\s reg>d to microscopic accuracy1 & p]=m$ ) ! utmo/ neatness ( detail4 ,x has be5 already /at$ ) :at turbul5ce & app>5t confusion ! exp]im5ts ( ! latt] 7 conduct$2 & yet ea* 0 equally excell5t 9 8 own /yle2 &1 z arti/s1 !y h n unaptly be5 comp>$ to ,t5i]s & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,by long discipl9e1 ,wolla/on _h acquir$ su* p[] 9 comm&+ & fix+ 8 att5tion ^u m9ute objects1 t he 0 able to recognise resemblances1 & to di/+ui% diff]5ces1 betwe5 precipitates produc$ by re-ag5ts1 :i* 7 invisible to ord9>y obs]v]s1 & :i* enabl$ him to submit to analysis ! m9ute/ p>ticle ( matt] ) success4 ,davy1 on ! o!r h&1 obta9$ 8 results by an intellectual process1 :i* may be said to h consi/$ 9 ! extreme rapidity ) :i* he seiz$ ^u1 & appli$1 appropriate means at appropriate mom5ts4 ,_m anecdotes might be relat$ 9 illu/ration ( ! curi\sly diff]5t /ructure ( ! m9ds ( ^! two ornam5ts ( ,briti% ,sci5ce4 ,! read] w1 9 ! c\rse ( ^! memoirs1 be furni%$ ) suffici5t evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ^? qualities :i* ,i h assign$ to ,davy2 ano!r biograph] w no d\bt ably illu/rate ^? ( ,dr4 ,wolla/on4 ,i %all only obs]ve1 t to ?is faculty ( m9ute obs]vation1 :i* ,dr4 ,wolla/on appli$ ) s mu* advantage1 ! *emical _w is indebt$ = ! introduction ( m simple me?ods ( exp]im5t+1--= ! sub/itution ( a few glass tubes1 & plates ( glass1 = capaci\s retorts & receiv]s1 & = ! art ( mak+ gra9s give ! results :i* previ\sly requir$ p\nds4 ,a =eign philosoph] once call$ ^u ,dr4 ,wolla/on ) lett]s ( introduction1 & express$ an anxi\s desire to see 8 laboratory4 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$2 & imm$iately produc$ a small tray conta9+ "s glass tubes1 a bl[-pipe1 two or ?ree wat*-glasses1 a slip ( plat9um1 & a few te/ bottles4 ,wolla/on appe>$ to take great delight 9 %[+ by :at small means he c\ld produce great results4 ,%ortly aft] he _h inspect$ ! gr& galvanic batt]y con/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,*ildr51 & _h witness$ "s ( ^? brilliant ph5om5a ( combu/ion :i* its p[]s produc$1 he accid5tally met a bro!r *emi/ 9 ! /reet1 & seiz+ 8 button1 78 con/ant habit :5 speak+ on any subject ( int]e/17 he l$ him into a seclud$ corn]2 :5 tak+ f 8 wai/coat pocket a tailor's ?imble1 :i* conta9$ a galvanic arrangem5t1 & p\r+ into x ! cont5ts ( a small phial1 he in/antly heat$ a plat9um wire to a :ite heat4 ,!re 0 ano!r peculi>ity connect$ ) ,wolla/on's habit ( m9ute obs]vation3 x enabl$ him to press into 8 s]vice1 at ! mom5t1 su* ord9>y & famili> mat]ials z w\ld nev] h occurr$ to less obs]v+ *emi/s4 ,mr4 ,br&e relates an anecdote admirably calculat$ to exemplify ?is habit4 ,he _h call$ ^u ,dr4 ,wolla/on to consult him ^u ! subject ( a calculus2--x w be rememb]$ t nei!r phosphate ( lime1 con/itut+ ! 'bone e>?' species1 nor ! ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate1 commonly call$ ! 'triple phosphate1' is p] se fusible2 b t :5 mix$1 ^! con/itute ! 'fusible calculus' :i* readily melts be=e ! bl[-pipe4 ,dr4 ,wolla/on1 on f9d+ ! sub/ance "u exam9ation refractory1 took up 8 pap]-fold]1 & scrap+ (f a fragm5t ( ! ivory1 plac$ x on ! specim51 :5 x in/antly fus$4#ci #ci ,i h lately be5 in=m$ t ! idea ( con/ruct+ an in/rum5t l ! ,cam]a ,lucida1 fir/ sugge/$ itself to ,dr4 ,wolla/on1 on 8 notic+ c]ta9 ph5om5a occasion$ by a crack 9 ! glass be=e :i* he 0 %av+ himself4 ,hav+ contra/$ ! manipulations ( ,davy1 z exhibit$ 9 ! !atre1 ) ^? p]=m$ by him 9 ! laboratory1 x may1 9 ?is place1 be int]e/+ to (f] a few rem>ks ^u ! diff]5ce ( 8 /yle z a lectur] & z a writ]4 ,:atev] div]sity ( op9ion may h be5 ent]ta9$ z to ! =m]1 ,i believe !re nev] 0 b "o s5tim5t ) respect to ! latt]4 ,!re is an e!real cle>ness ( /yle1 a simplicity ( language1 &1 above all1 a fre$om f te*nical expression1 :i* r5d] 8 philosophical memoirs fit /udies & models = all future *emi/s4 ,mr4 ,br&e1 9 a late lecture deliv]$ be=e ! memb]s ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 v ju/ly allud$ to ?is latt] quality ( 8 writ+s1 & =cibly contra/$ x ) ! sy/em ( ,b]zelius1 ( :om x is pa9ful to speak b 9 t]ms ( ! mo/ pr(\nd respect1 & yet x is impossible n to express a deep regret at ?is di/+ui%$ *emi/'s introduction ( a sy/em ( te*nical expressions1 :i* f its obscurity is calculat$ to multiply r ?an to correct error1 & f its complications1 to require m lab\r ?an ! sci5ce to :i* x adm9i/]s3 to apply ! qua9t metaphor ( ,locke1 x is no m suit$ to improve ! und]/&+1 ?an ! move ( a jack is to fill our bellies4 ,f ! read9ess ) :i* "s cont95tal *emi/s h adopt$ su* t]ms1 & f ! _s 9 :i* !y h def5d$ !m1 "o might almo/ be l$ to suspect t !y believ$ !m1 l ! words us$ by ! ,magi ( ,p]sia1 to possess a cabali/ic p[]4 ,davy =esaw ! injury :i* sci5ce mu/ su/a9 f su* a practice1 & endeav\r$1 bo? by precept & example1 to disc\nt5ance x4 ,) reg>d to ! introduction ( a figurative & ornam5tal /yle into memoirs purely sci5tific1 no "o c\ld ent]ta9 a m decid$ objection2 & 9 8 ,la/ ,days1 he w>ns u aga9/ ! practice4 ,9 detail+ ! results ( exp]im5ts1 & 9 giv+ !m to ! _w1 ! *emical philosoph] %\ld adopt ! simple/ /yle & mann]2 he w avoid all ornam5ts1 z some?+ injuri\s to 8 subject1 & %\ld be> 9 m9d ! say+ ( ! fir/ k+ ( ,great ,brita91 respect+ a s]mon :i* 0 excell5t 9 doctr9e1 b ov]*>g$ ) poetical allusions & figurative language1--'t ! tropes & metaphors ( ! speak] 7 l ! brilliant wild fl[]s 9 a field ( corn1 v pretty1 b :i* did v mu* hurt ! corn4' ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,davy makes a t\r ) ,mr4 ,purkis1 ?r\gh ,wales4--,beautiful ph5om5on obs]v$ f ! summit ( ,arran ,b5llyn4--,lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t4--,j\rnal ( ! ,in/itution4--,davy's pap]s on ,eudiometry1 & o!r subjects4--,8 fir/ communication to ! ,royal ,society1 on a new galvanic pile4--,he is propos$ z a ,fell[1 & elect$ into ! ,society4--,8 pap] on a/r+5t vegetable sub/ances1 & on _! op]ation 9 tann+ lea!r4--,8 lett] to ,mr4 ,poole4--,he is appo9t$ ,*emical ,lectur] to ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture4--,he =ms fri5d%ips ) ! ,duke ( ,b$=d1 ,mr4 ,coke1 & _m o!r celebrat$ agriculturi/s4--,att5ds ! %eep-%e>+ at ,holkham & ,woburn4--,composes a ,prologue to ! ,honey-,moon4 ,aft] ! fatigues & anxieties ( 8 fir/ session1 ,davy s\ght relaxation & repose amid/ ! magnific5t sc5]y ( ,wales4 ,! foll[+ lett] w s]ve m fully to exhibit ! en?usiasm he exp]i5c$ 9 contemplat+ ,nature 9 h] wild & simple/ =ms4 ,,to ,,samuel ,,purkis1 ,,esq4 ,matlock1 ,augu/ #ae1 #ahjb4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d1 ,_h ,i be5 alone1 & p]fectly indep5d5t z to my plans1 ,i %\ld probably h writt5 to y long ago4 ,i %\ld h begg$ y to ha/5 y\r dep>ture1 s t we might h rejoic$ toge!r 9 ,wales1 "u ! influ5ce ( t moon :i* is n[ full 9 all its glory2 = ,d]by%ire1 tak5 z a :ole1 has n pleas$ me4 ,a few beautiful valleys1 plac$ at ! di/ance ( _m miles f ea* o!r1 d n comp5sate = ! almo/ uni=m wildness & br[n b>r5ness ( ! hills & pla9s2 & 9 ! wat]+ places1 !re is little among/ ! liv+ be+s to awak5 deep moral feel+s1 or to call ! nobl] p[]s ( ! m9d1 :i* act 9 consequ5ce ( sympa?y1 into exi/5ce4 ,i h long$ = ! m\nta9 sc5]y1 & = ! free inhabitants ( ,nor? ,wales2 & ev5 ! maje/ic valleys ( ! ,wye & ! ,d]w5t h be5 to me b typical ( some?+ m p]fect 9 beauty & gr&eur4 ,:5ev] x %all seem fitt+ to y1 ,i %all be prep>$ = our long contemplat$ j\rney1 & d n delay y\r dep>ture2--be=e ! #ba/ w\ld be m agreeable to me ?an aft] t p]iod2 & !n we %all be able to view ! horns ( ! next moon1 :]e !y are mo/ beautiful4 ,i h enquir$ mu* conc]n+ ,dove-dale1 s9ce ,i h be5 "h1 &1 f ! mo/ accurate acc\nts1 ,i am incl9$ to believe t x is inf]ior1 9 po9t ( sublime sc5]y1 to ,*ee ,tor1 ne> ,bakewell1 & 9 beauty1 to ! valley ( ! ,great ,tor1 9 :i* ,i am n[ writ+4 ,on ! :ole1 ,i ?9k y\r be/ plan w be to meet me at ,matlock1 :i* y mu/ see1 & !n1 9 our r\te to ,buxton1 we c visit ! valley ( ! ,wye1 & ! mo/ noble ,*ee ,tor4 ,conc]n+ ! excursion ( ,dove-dale1 ,i am undecid$1 & x %all dep5d ^u y to det]m9e ) reg>d to x4 ,z "o great object 9 our excursions is to view ,nature & man 9 _! mo/ simple =ms1 & to ga9 a tempor>y life ( new impressions1 ,i submit to y :e!r x w n be be/ to /e] cle> ( t[ns1 cities1 & civiliz$ society1 9 :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 we c see :at we h only se5 be=e4 ,if we visit ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 x c]ta9ly %\ld be only en passant3 & to see t mo/ excell5t p]sonage1 & to be oblig$ to quit him imm$iately1 w be at lea/ pa9ful2 = ! respectful feel+s he produces 9 ! m9d are always modifi$ by affection4 ,i h no room to give y ! quantity ( in=mation t ,i h ga9$ conc]n+ ! places & p ( ,wales2 ?is %all s]ve = our ,d]by%ire *at4 ,i ?ank y mu* = y\r la/ k9d lett]1 :i* gave me high pleasure4 ,y possess ! true _s ( composition1 :i* embodies facts 9 words4 ,i am1 c4 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,i am in=m$ by ,mr4 ,purkis1 t 9 ! latt] end ( ?is summ]1 he made a p$e/rian t\r ) ,davy1 ?r\gh ,nor? & ,s\? ,wales1 & he has transmitt$ to me ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is excursion4--,we visit$ e place possess+ any rema9s ( antiquity1 any curi\s productions ( nature or art1 & e spot di/+ui%$ by romantic & picturesque sc5]y4 ,our fri5d's div]sifi$ tal5ts1 ) 8 k ( ,geology1 & ,natural ,hi/ory 9 g5]al1 r5d]$ him a mo/ delightful companion 9 a t\r ( ?is description4 ,e m\nta9 we beheld1 & e riv] we cross$1 af=d$ a fruitful !me = 8 sci5tific rem>ks4 ,! =m & position ( ! m\nta91 ) ! sev]al /rata ( :i* x 0 compos$1 always procur$ = me in=mation z to its "* & classification2 & e bridge we cross$ inv>iably occasion$ a tempor>y halt1 ) "s appropriate obs]vations on ! productions ( ! riv]1 & on ! div]sion ( angl+4 ,9 "o ( our morn+ excursions 9 ,nor? ,wales1 we asc5d$ ! summit ( ,arran ,b5llyn1 a celebrat$ m\nta91 inf]ior only to ,sn[don & ,cad] ,idris1 a few miles f ! lake ( ,bala4 ,"h we 7 =tunate 9 behold+ a sc5e ( extraord9>y sublimity1 seldom witness$ 9 ?is climate4 ,f ! top ( ?is m\nta9 we look$ d[n1 ab\t mid-day1 on a deep valley eight or t5 miles 9 l5g?1 & z _m 9 bread?1 ! :ole ( :i*1 = a consid]able height f ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 0 fill$ ) beautiful cl\ds1 :ile ! atmosph]e ar\nd ! summit on :i* we /ood 0 p]fectly cle>1 & ! sky above u ( a deep blue col\r4 ,! cl\ds 9 ! valley 7 9 irregul>1 g5tle undulations1 d5se1 compact1 & cont9u\s1 ( t k9d :i* is d5om9at$ by ,meteorologi/s cirro-cumulus1 & by ! vulg>1 woolpack cl\ds1 su* z are (t5 se5 9 ! high] regions on a f9e summ]'s day4 ,! sun %one ) great brilliancy1 & illum9$ _! v>i\s =ms ) silv]1 grey & blue t9ts ( exquisite beauty4 ,z !re 0 sc>cely a brea? ( air /irr+ bel[ ! m\nta91 ?is aggregation ( cl\ds1 probably occasion$ by "s electrical ag5cy1 rema9$ fix$ & /ation>y1 z if id5tifi$ ) ! valley4 ,! high] p>ts ( mo/ ( ! surr\nd+ hills 7 envelop$ 9 mi/1 above :i* ! tops ( ,sn[don & ,cad] ,idris t[]$ di/9ctly visible1 & appe>$ l small isl&s ris+ out ( ! sea4 ,?is sc5e altoge!r 0 "o ( inexpressible magnific5ce & gr&eur1 fill+ ! m9d ) awe & rapture4 ,we seem$ to feel ourselves l be+s ( a high] ord] 9 a cele/ial region1 look+ d[n on ! l[] _w ) consci\s sup]iority4 ,aft] sitt+ & rum9at+ on ?is sublime spectacle = two or ?ree h\rs1 we left ! summit ( ! m\nta9 ) reluctance1 &1 sl[ly desc5d+1 re/$ at int]vals1 & (t5 ca/ a long+1 l+]+ look beh9d4 ,on rea*+ our com=table inn at ,bala1 :ile wait+ = d9n]1 ,davy walk$ ab\t ! room1 &1 z if by inspiration1 broke out 9 a beautiful impassion$ apo/rophe on ! /rik+ sc5e we _h s rec5tly witness$4 ,x 0 9 a k9d ( unmeasur$ blank v]se1 highly animat$ & descriptive1 at once poetical & philosophical4 ,at ! conclusion ( ?is eloqu5t effusion1 ,i endeav\r$ to recollect & commit x to writ+1 b ,i c\ld n succe$1 & ,davy 0 too mode/ to assi/ my memory4 ,9 a t\r ?r\gh ,nor? ,wales1 :]e ! few small inns h seldom any sp>e rooms1 diff]5t p>ties are (t5 oblig$ to sit 9 ! same ap>tm5t1 & to eat at ! same table4 ,h5ce we 7 occasionally introduc$ to *>act]s ( v>i\s descriptions1 "s ( :om gratifi$ u by _! agreeable qualities1 :ile o!rs disgu/$ u by _! ignorance & imp]t95ce4 ,on "o occasion1 aft] a heavy %[] ( ra9 9 ! middle ( ,augu/1 we 7 dry+ our clo!s by ! fire 9 ! little ,inn at ,tan y ,bwl*1 :5 ! l&lord reque/$ u to admit a g5tleman1 :o 0 v wet4 ,a "y man1 ( pleas+ appe>ance & mann]1 0 !n introduc$1 & aft] "s common-place obs]vations1 we sat d[n to d9n]4 ,! /rang] 0 evid5tly a man ( education & acquirem5ts1 & aft] ! clo? _h be5 remov$1 he began to disc\rse v flu5tly on sci5tific subjects4 ,he talk$ ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 ( hornbl5de1 & ! ,grawack ( ,w]n]1 & geologi/s1 9 ! mo/ famili> tone ( self-complac5cy4 ,davy's y\?1 simplicity ( mann]1 & cauti\s concealm5t ( sup]ior k1 n excit+ con/ra9t1 our companion 0 naturally induc$ to deliv] 8 op9ions ) ! utmo/ fre$om & confid5ce on all subjects4 ,we comm5c$ on poetry & pa9t+2 ! sublime & beautiful2 !n proce$$ to m9]alogy1 a/ronomy1 c4 & occasionally digress$ on topics ( mir? & hum\r1 s t ! ev5+ 0 pass$ ) g5]al satisfaction4 ,:5 ,davy _h retir$ to re/1 & ,i 0 left alone ) our companion1 ,i enquir$ h[ he lik$ my fri5d1 & :e!r he consid]$ him a pr(ici5t 9 sci5ce1 & v]s$ 9 *emi/ry & geology8 ,he answ]$ coolly1 t 'he appe>$ to be r a clev] "y man1 ) "s g5]al sci5tific k4' ,he !n ask$ 8 "n1 & :5 ,i ann\nc$ ',davy1 ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1' ! /rang] seem$ ?und]/ruck1 & exclaim$1 ',good ,god6 0 t really ,davy8 ,h[ h ,i expos$ my ignorance & presumption6' ,x is sc>cely necess>y to add1 t at ! breakfa/ table ! next morn+1 he talk$ on subjects ( sci5ce ) less volubility ?an on ! prec$+ ev5+4 ,aft] ,davy's return f ?is exp$ition1 he wrote ! foll[+ lett]4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,royal ,in/itution1 ,oct4 #bf1 #ahjb4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,x is long s9ce ,i h _h ! pleasure ( he>+ f y4 ,y probably receiv$ a ha/y lett] t ,i wrote to y 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! summ]4 ,s9ce t p]iod1 ,i h be5 idl+ away mu* ( my "t 9 ,d]by%ire & ,nor? ,wales4 ,till v lately1 ,i _h hopes ( be+ able to sp5d a few weeks ( ! autumn 9 ,cornwall1 b ,i n[ f9d t x w n suit ) my occupations4 ,n hav+ x 9 my p[] to see y1 y may believe t ,i am mo/ anxi\s to he> f y4 ,we he>1 at ?is "t1 9 ,london ( comp>atively few sci5tific novelties4 ,! wond]s ( revolutioniz$ ,p>is occupy _m ( our sci5tific m52 & ! summ] & autumn are n ! work+ seasons 9 great cities4 ,! ri* & fa%ionable "p ( ! community ?9k x _! duty to kill "t 9 ! c\ntry1 & ev5 philosoph]s are m or less influ5c$ by ! _s ( ! times4 ,9 ! la/ volume ( ! ,man*e/] ,memoirs1 i4e4 ! fif?1 are "s pap]s ( ,mr4 ,dalton on ! ,con/itution ( ! ,atmosph]e2 on ! expansive p[]s ( ,/eam2 & on ! dilatation ( ,ela/ic ,fluids by ,heat4 ,z f> z ,i c und]/& 8 subjects1 ! au?or appe>s to me to h execut$ !m 9 a v ma/]ly way4 ,i wi% v mu* to h y\r judgm5t ^u 8 op9ions1 "s ( :i* are new & v s+ul>4 ,h y yet se5 ! !ory ( my colleague1 ,dr4 ,"y1 on ! undulations ( an ,e!real ,m$ium z ! cause ( ,light8 ,x is n likely to be a popul> hypo!sis1 aft] :at has be5 said by ,newton conc]n+ x4 ,he w\ld be v mu* flatt]$ if y c\ld (f] any obs]vations ^u x1 :e!r = or aga9/ x4 ,! pap] is 9 ! la/ volume ( ! ,transactions4 ,i believe ,i m5tion$ to y 9 a =m] lett] t ,t]ra ,japonica1 or ,extractum ,cate*u1 conta9$ a v l>ge proportion ( ! tann+ pr9ciple4 ,my fri5d ,mr4 ,purkis1 an excell5t practical tann]1 has lately tri$ "s exp]im5ts ^u x 9 ! l>ge way4 ,x answ]s v well1 & ,i am n[ we>+ a pair ( %oes1 ! lea!r ( "o ( :i* 0 tann$ ) oak-b>k1 & t ( ! o!r ) ,t]ra ,japonica2 & !y appe> to be equally good4 ,we are 9 great hopes t ! ,ea/ ,india ,company w cons5t to ! importation ( ?is article4 ,"o p\nd ( x goes at lea/ z f> z n9e p\nds ( oak-b>k2 & x c\ld c]ta9ly be r5d]$ 9 ,engl& = less ?an f\r-p5ce ! p\nd3 oak-b>k is ne>ly "o p5ny p] p\nd4 ,! ,zoonic acid1 :i* ,m4 ,b]?ollet suppos$ to be a peculi> acid1 has be5 lately %[n by ,m4 ,?n>d to be only acet\s acid1 hold+ a peculi> animal matt] 9 solution4 ,gregory ,watt is j return$ f ! ,cont95t1 :]e he has pass$ ! la/ fifte5 mon?s4 ,he has be5 mu* delight$ ) 8 excursion1 b 8 heal? is at pres5t bad4 ,i tru/1 h[ev]1 t ,engli% roa/-beef & ,engli% cu/oms w spe$ily re/ore x4 ,we are publi%+1 at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 a ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 :i* conta9s *iefly abridg$ acc\nts ( :at is go+ on 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe1 ) "s orig9al pap]s2 & 9 hopes t its diffusion may become m g5]al1 we h fix$ its price at "o %ill+4 ,z soon z ,i h an opportunity1 ,i w s5d y ! la/ numb]s ( x4 ,i am beg9n+ to ?9k ( my ,c\rse ( ,lectures = ! w9t]4 ,9 addition to ! common c\rse ( ! ,in/itution1 ,i h to deliv] a few lectures on ,vegetable ,sub/ances1 & on ! connection ( ,*emi/ry ) ,vegetable ,physiology1 be=e ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture4 ,i h begun "s exp]im5ts on ! p[]s ( soils to absorb moi/ure1 z connect$ ) _! f]tility4 ,i h1 = ?is purpose1 made a small collection ( ^? ( ! calc>e\s & second>y c\ntries1 & ,i wi% v mu* = "s specim5s f ! granitic & s*i/ose hills ( ,cornwall4 ,if y c\ld1 )\t mu* tr\ble1 cause to be procur$ f y\r e/ates diff]5t pieces ( uncultivat$ soil1 ( ab\t a p\nd weight ea*1 ,i %\ld feel mu* oblig$ to y4 ,!y %\ld be accompani$ by specim5s ( ! /one or /rata on :i* !y lie4 ,i am1 de> ,sir1 ) affection & respect1 y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,( ! ,j\rnals allud$ to 9 ! above lett]1 x w\ld seem t ,davy & ,dr4 ,"y 7 ! jo9t editors4 ,! =m] appe>s bo? z a review] & an orig9al writ]1 & 9 ea* capacity we recognise ! peculi>ities ( 8 g5ius3 9 ! "o case1 by ! quickness ) :i* he detects error2 & 9 ! o!r1 by ! avidity ) :i* he appreh5ds tru?4 ,x w n be un9t]e/+ to take a %ort review ( 8 orig9al communications1 especially z ! "w has become extremely sc>ce2 inde$1 z x 0 publi%$ 9 numb]s1 x is v probable t only a few copies h escap$ ! common fate ( p]iodicals4 ,8 fir/ pap] is entitl$1 ,an ,acc\nt ( a ,new ,eudiomet]1 & has = its pr9cipal object ! recomm5dation ( ! solution ( ! gre5 muriate1 or sulphate ( iron1 impregnat$ ) nitr\s gas2 ! k ( ! prop]ties ( :i*1 9 absorb+ oxyg5 gas1 arose out ( ^? exp]im5ts to :i* an allusion has be5 already made4#dj #dj ,see page #hh4 ,?is te/ is prep>$ by transmitt+ a curr5t ( nitr\s gas ?r\gh a saturat$ solution ( ! salt ( iron4 ,z ! absorption ( ! gas proce$s1 ! solution acquires ! col\r ( a deep olive br[n2 & :5 ! impregnation is complet$1 x appe>s opaque & almo/ black4 ,! process is app>5tly ow+ to a simple elective attraction2 9 no case is ! gas decompos$2 & "u ! exhau/$ receiv] x resumes its ela/ic =m1 leav+ ! fluid ) :i* x 0 comb9$1 unalt]$ 9 its prop]ties4 ,! te/1 !re=e1 c only be reg>d$ z a conv5i5t modification ( t ( ,prie/ley1 9 :i* ! nitr\s gas 0 pres5t$ to ! atmosph]ic air to be exam9$1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( any ?ird body4 ,! only app>atus requir$ = ! application ( ! te/1 z sugge/$ by ,davy1 is a small graduat$ tube1 hav+ its capacity divid$ into "o hundr$ p>ts1 & a vessel = conta9+ ! fluid4 ,! tube1 aft] be+ fill$ ) ! air to be exam9$1 is introduc$ into ! solution1 & %ak5 9 contact ) x2 :5 ! air w be rapidly dim9i%$ 9 volume1 & ! :ole ( its oxyg51 9 a few m9utes1 cond5s$ into nitr\s acid4 ,by means ( ?is te/1 ,davy in=ms u t he exam9$ ! atmosph]e 9 diff]5t places1 )\t be+ able to asc]ta9 any notable diff]5ce 9 ! proportions ( its compon5t p>ts4 ,tw5ty-eight ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! publication ( ?is pap]2 & yet1 amid/ ! rapid progress ( discov]y1 ,eudiometry has n be5 able ev5 to modify ! results x has giv5 u2 b ! read] w be pleas$ to rememb]1 t by ^! te/s x is only pr(ess$ to %[ ! relative proportions ( oxyg5 9 air2 ! salubrity ( an atmosph]e dep5ds ^u _m o!r causes1 especially its condition ) reg>d to moi/ure1 :i*1 9 a v>iety ( ways1 ex]ts an influ5ce ^u ! /ructures ( ! body4 ,9 ?is ,j\rnal we also f9d sev]al orig9al communications f ,davy on galvanic ph5om5a1 :i* w be notic$ on a future occasion4 ,!re is likewise a pap] ( consid]able int]e/1 entitl$1 ,an ,acc\nt ( a me?od ( copy+ ,pa9t+s ^u ,glass1 & ( mak+ ,pr(iles1 by ! ag5cy ( ,light ^u ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 inv5t$ by ,t4 ,w$gwood1 ,esq43 ) ,obs]vations by ,h4 ,davy4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he gives an acc\nt ( ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,w$gwood1 & !n1 ) 8 usual sagacity1 ext5ds our k ( ! subject by 8 own rese>*es4 ,*emi/s _h be5 long acqua9t$ ) ! fact1 t :ite pap]1 or :ite lea!r1 moi/5$ ) a solution ( ! nitrate ( silv]1 al?\gh x does n und]go any *ange :5 kept 9 a d>k place1 w spe$ily *ange col\r on be+ expos$ to daylight2 & t1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh diff]5t %ades ( grey & br[n1 x w at l5g? become ne>ly black4 ,^! alt]ations 9 col\r take place m spe$ily 9 proportion z ! light is m int5se4 ,9 ! direct beams ( ! sun1 two or ?ree m9utes are suffici5t1--9 ! %ade1 sev]al h\rs are requir$1 to produce ! full effect2 & light transmitt$ ?r\gh diff]5tly col\r$ glass1 acts ^u x ) diff]5t degrees ( int5sity4 ,x is f\nd1 = in/ance1 t r$ rays1 or ! common sunbeams pass$ ?r\gh r$ glass1 h v little action ^u x2 yell[ & gre5 are m efficaci\s2 b blue & violet produce ! mo/ decid$ & p[]ful effects4 ,davy obs]ves t ^! facts 7 analog\s to ^? :i* 7 long ago obs]v$ by ,s*eele1 & confirm$ by ,s5ebi]4 ,to ,mr4 ,w$gwood1 h[ev]1 belongs ! m]it ( hav+ fir/ appli$ !m = ! +5i\s purpose ( copy+ engrav+s1 c4 ,8 fir/ attempt 0 to copy ! images =m$ by ! cam]a obscura2 b !y 7 f\nd to be too fa9t to produce1 9 any mod]ate "t1 ! necess>y *anges ^u ! nitrate ( silv]4 ,) pa9t+s on glass he 0 m successful2 = ! copy+ ( :i*1 ! solution %\ld be appli$ on lea!r1 :i* is m readily act$ ^u ?an pap]4 ,:5 a surface ?us prep>$ is plac$ beh9d a pa9t+ on glass1 expos$ to ! sol> light1 ! rays transmitt$ ?r\gh ! diff]5tly col\r$ surfaces produce di/9ct t9ts ( br[n or black1 s5sibly diff]+ 9 int5sity1 accord+ to ! %ades ( ! picture2 & :]e ! light is unalt]$1 ! col\r ( ! nitrate becomes deepe/4 ,besides ?is application ( ! me?od ( copy+1 !re are _m o!rs4 ,x may be r5d]$ subs]vi5t = mak+ del9eations ( all su* objects z are possess$ ( a texture p>tly opaque1 & p>tly transp>5t2 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! woody fibres ( leaves1 & ! w+s ( insects2 = :i* purpose1 x is only necess>y to cause ! direct sol> light to pass ?r\gh !m1 & to receive ! %ad[s ^u prep>$ lea!r4 ,to ,davy we are indebt$ = an extremely beautiful application ( ?is pr9ciple1--t ( copy+ small objects produc$ by means ( ! sol> microscope4 ,= ! success1 h[ev]1 ( ?is exp]im5t1 x is necess>y t ! prep>$ lea!r %\ld be plac$ at a small di/ance only f ! l5s4 ,! copy ( a pa9t+1 or ! pr(ile ( an object1 ?us obta9$1 mu/ ( c\rse be pres]v$ 9 an obscure place2 = all ! attempts t h be5 made to prev5t ! uncol\r$ p>ts ( ! copy f be+ act$ ^u by light1 h hi!rto be5 unsuccessful4 ,!y h be5 cov]$ ) a ?9 coat+ ( f9e v>ni%2 & !y h be5 submitt$ to frequ5t wa%+s2 yet1 ev5 aft] ?is latt] op]ation1 x w\ld seem t a suffici5t quantity ( ! active matt] w /ill adh]e to ! :ite p>ts ( ! surface1 & cause !m to become d>k on exposure to ! rays ( ! sun4 ,f ?is circum/ance1 ,davy ?9ks x probable t a portion ( ! metallic oxide ab&ons its acid1 to ent] into union ) ! animal or vegetable sub/ance1 s z to =m ) x an insoluble comp\nd4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,davy _h made "s e>ly exp]im5ts on ! collision ( fl9t & /eel 9 vacuo3#da we f9d 9 ! ,royal ,in/itution ,j\rnal a f>!r inve/igation ( ! subject2 :5 he admits t1 al?\gh sp>ks are n produc$ "u ^! circum/ances1 yet t a fa9t light becomes visible4 ,9 _m in/ances1 he ref]s ! ph5om5on to electricity excit$ by friction1 m especially 9 ! in/ances ( glass1 qu>tz1 sug>1 c4 :i* give out light :5 rubb$4 ,9 o!r cases1 he consid]s x probable t a species ( phosphoresc5ce may be occasion$ by ! heat2 & he ?9ks t !re may occasionally take place an actual ignition ( abrad$ p>ticles1 9 consequ5ce ( _! imp]fect conduct+ p[]3 a supposition :i* he ?9ks receives /rong support f an exp]im5t ( ,mr4 ,w$gwood1 :o f\nd t a piece ( w9d[-glass1 :5 br\ght into contact ) a revolv+ :eel ( grit1 became r$ hot at its po9t ( friction1 & gave (f lum9\s p>ticles t 7 capable ( inflam+ gunp[d] & hydrog5 gas4 #da ,see page #fg4 ,we %all also f9d 9 ?is volume an acc\nt ( "s obs]vations :i* he made ^u ! motions ( small pieces ( acetate ( pota%1 dur+ _! solution1 ^u ! surface ( wat]4 ,aft] ! int]e/+ & extraord9>y obs]vations ( ,mr4 ,br[n1 e ph5om5on ( ?is k9d is calculat$ to excite att5tion4 ,davy /ates t ! fragm5ts 7 agitat$ by v s+ul> motions dur+ ! "t ( _! solution1 sometimes revolv+ = a second or two1 & !n mov+ rapidly backw>ds & =w>ds 9 v>i\s directions4 ,he consid]s ! ph5om5on z evid5tly connect$ ) ! rapid process ( solution1 s9ce ! motions became weak] z ! po9t ( saturation approa*$4 ,! ?9ne/ film ( oil1 or ( e!r1 :olly de/roy$ ! effect4 ,^? pieces :i* 7 mo/ irregul> 9 _! =ms und]w5t1 by f>1 ! mo/ rapid motions2 f :i*1 he ?9ks1 x w\ld appe>1 t ! ph5om5on 0 9 "s measure ow+ to *anges 9 ! c5tre ( gravity ( ! p>ticles dur+ _! solution4 ,! projectile motions1 h[ev]1 w\ld seem to dep5d ^u ! cont9ual desc5t ( a curr5t ( ! sal9e solution f ! agitat$ p>ticle1 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! surr\nd+ wat] w\ld press ^u diff]5t p>ts ( x ) diff]5t degrees ( =ce4 ,besides :i*1 an increase ( temp]ature1 :i* 0 f\nd to accompany ! solution ( ! salt1 might 9 a degree modify ! effect4 ,8 fir/ communication to ! ,royal ,society 0 entitl$ ,an ,acc\nt ( "s ,galvanic ,comb9ations1 =m$ by an arrangem5t ( s+le metallic plates & fluids1 analog\s to ! ,galvanic ,app>atus ( ,m4 ,volta4 ,x 0 read on ! #ah? ( ,june #ahja1 & w be exam9$ 9 a future "p ( ^! memoirs4 ,! c]tificate1 recomm5d+ him z a c&idate = ! hon\r ( a seat 9 ! ,royal ,society1 0 read = ! fir/ "t on ! #ba/ ( ,april #ahjc2 & hav+ be5 duly susp5d$ 9 ! meet+-room1 dur+ t5 sitt+s ( ! ,society1 accord+ to ! /atute1 he 0 put to ! ballot1 & elect$ on ! #ag? ( ,novemb] 9 ! same ye>4 ,z e circum/ance connect$ ) ! progress ( ,davy w be h]eaft] view$ ) consid]able int]e/1 ,i %all "h introduce ! =m ( ! c]tificate1 & record ! names ( ^? ,fell[s :o sanction$ x by _! signatures4 ,,humphry ,,davy1 ,,esq4 ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry 9 ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,great ,brita91 a g5tleman ( v consid]able sci5tific k1 & au?or ( a pap] 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 be+ desir\s ( becom+ a ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 we ! und]sign$ d f our p]sonal k recomm5d him z des]v+ t hon\r1 & z likely to prove an useful & valuable memb]4 7,sign$7 ,,morton1 ,r4 ,j4 ,,sullivan1 ,,k9naird1 ,,*>les ,,hat*ett1 ,,?omas ,,"y1 ,,webb ,,seym\r1 ,w4 ,g4 ,,maton1 ,,?omas ,,rackett1 ,,james ,,edw>d ,,smi?1 ,w4 ,g4 ,,jordan1 ,,john ,,walk]1 ,,ri*>d ,,*5evix1 ,,alex&] ,,cri*ton1 ,,h5ry ,c4 ,,englefield1 ,,*>les ,,wilk9s1 ,,giff9 ,,wilson1 ,,gilb]t ,,blane1 ,,edw>d ,,=/]4 ,on ! #g? ( ,july1 9 ! same ye>1 he 0 elect$ an ,honor>y ,memb] ( ! ,dubl9 ,society1 hav+ be5 propos$ f ! *air by ! ,vice-,presid5t1 ,g5]al ,vallancey4 ,x has be5 /at$ t1 %ortly aft] ,davy's arrival at ! ,in/itution1 ! ,manag]s1 be+ anxi\s to enc\rage all inve/igations ( a practical t5d5cy1 direct$ him to deliv] a s]ies ( lectures on ! art ( tann+4 ,) ?is view1 he ent]$ into a sci5tific exam9ation ( ! subject1 9 :i* he 0 enc\rag$ by ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 ! lib]al patron & promot] ( all useful k1 :o suppli$ him ) v>i\s mat]ials = exp]im5t4 ,! subject _h rec5tly attract$ consid]able att5tion1 bo? at home & abroad1 b mu* /ill rema9$ to be effect$2 & ,davy succe$$ 9 add+ _m important facts to ! g5]al /ore4 ,9 ! ,royal ,in/itution ,j\rnal already notic$1 we f9d sev]al communications f him1 "u ! titles ( ,obs]vations on diff]5t me?ods ( obta9+ ,gallic ,acid2--,on ! processes ( ,tann+1 c4 ,all ! new facts h[ev]1 discov]$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 exp]im5ts1 7 embodi$ 9 a long & elaborate memoir1 :i* 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society on ! #bd? ( ,febru>y #ahjc1 & publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = t ye>4 ,x 0 entitl$ ,an ,acc\nt ( "s ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations on ! con/itu5t p>ts ( c]ta9 a/r+5t ,vegetables1 & on _! op]ation 9 ,tann+4 ,by ,humphry ,davy1 ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry 9 ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,communicat$ by ! ,"r ,hon\rable ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 ,p4 ,r4 ,s4 ,al?\gh ,segu9 & ,pr\/ _h already exam9$ _m ( ! prop]ties ( t vegetable pr9ciple to :i* ! "n ( tann9 _h be5 giv51 yet its aff9ities _h be5 b little exam9$2 & ! mann] 9 :i* its action ^u animal matt]s may be modifi$ by comb9ation ) o!r sub/ances1 _h be5 /ill less consid]$4 ,8 pr9cipal design 9 ?is enquiry 0 to elucidate ! practical "p ( ! art ( tann+ sk9s1 s z to =m lea!r2 b 9 pursu+ ?is object1 he 0 necess>ily l$ into *emical inve/igations connect$ ) ! analysis ( ! v>i\s bodies conta9+ ! tann+ pr9ciple1 & ! peculi> prop]ties & value ( ea*4 ,! vegetable pr9ciples t _h be5 reg>d$ z m usually pres5t 9 a/r+5t infusions1 are tann91 gallic acid1 & extractive matt]4 ,9 attempt+ to asc]ta9 ! relative proportions ( tann9 conta9$ 9 diff]5t infusions1 ,davy 0 l$1 aft] v>i\s trials1 to pref] ! g5]ally receiv$ me?od ( precipitat+ by means ( gelat9e procur$ f is+lass4 ,9 us+ ?is te/1 h[ev]1 he discov]$ t sev]al precautions 7 necess>y2--t ! solution %\ld be q fre%1--t x %\ld be z mu* saturat$ z may be compatible ) its fluidity1--& t ! precipitate obta9$ %\ld be r$uc$ to a uni=m degree ( dryness4 ,x is evid5t t if ! quantity ( gelat9e 9 ! solution1 employ$ z ! precipitant1 be kn[n1 x w only be necess>y to asc]ta9 ! weight ( ! precipitate produc$ by x1 9 ord] to le>n ! absolute proportion ( tann9 pres5t 9 any specim54 ,he next direct$ 8 att5tion to ! discov]y ( "s me?od by :i* ! gallic acid might be sep>at$ f extractive matt]1 9 cases :]e !y exi/ 9 comb9ation1 b ! enquiry 0 n successful2 =1 z he obs]ves1 x is difficult to r5d] ! extractive insoluble1 s z to sep>ate x1 )\t at ! same "t decompos+ ! gallic acid4 ,x is true t !r w dissolve ! latt]1 )\t ex]t+ mu* action ^u ! =m]2 b !n1 he adds1 :5ev] ! gallic acid is 9 l>ge quantities1 ?is me?od w fail1 9 consequ5ce ( t aff9ity :i* is connect$ ) mass4 ,"h !n he adopts t celebrat$ !ory ( ,b]?ollet1#db :i* he aft]w>ds s vigor\sly & successfully attack$4#dc #db ,r*]*es sur les ,lois de l',aff9it4--,mm4 de l',in/itut ,national1 ,tome ,,iii4 p4 #e4 #dc ,! ma/]ly mann] 9 :i* he combat$ ! successive argum5ts ( ,b]?ollet ^u ?is "q is admirable4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he attack$ ! !ory ^u g5]al pr9ciples1 & !n expos$ ! fallacy ( ! sev]al exp]im5ts adduc$ 9 its support4 ,7 ! proposition correct1 t 9 all cases ( decomposition 9 :i* two bodies act ^u a ?ird1 t ?ird is divid$ betwe5 !m 9 proportion to _! relative aff9ities1 & _! quantities ( matt]1 x is q evid5t t !re c\ld be sc>cely any def9ite proportions3 a salt cry/alliz+ 9 a /rong alkal9e solution w\ld be /rongly alkal9e2 9 a weak "o1 less alkal9e2 & 9 an acid solution x w\ld be acid4 ,) reg>d to glasses & alloys1 adduc$ by ,m4 ,b]?ollet z comp\nds ( indef9ite proportions1 ,davy answ]s--,x is n easy to prove1 9 su* cases1 t ! elem5ts are *emically comb9$1 = ! po9ts ( fusion ( alkali1 glass1 & c]ta9 metallic oxides1 are s ne> to ea* o!r1 t transp>5t mixtures ( !m may be =m$4 ,! exp]im5t ^u :i* ,m4 ,b]?ollet laid great /ress1 viz4 t a l>ge quantity ( pota% w sep>ate a small quantity ( sulphuric acid f sulphate ( b>yta1 ,davy invalidates 9 a mo/ complete mann]4 ,he says--,?is exp]im5t 0 made 9 contact ) ! atmosph]e1 9 :i* c>bonic acid is always pres5t2 & c>bonate ( pota% & sulphate ( b>yta mutually decompose ea* o!r4 ,z g5]al te/s ( ! respective quantities ( ^! two pr9ciples 7gallic acid & extractive matt]71 he employ$ ! solutions ( ! salts ( alum9a & ^? ( ! p]oxidat$ salts ( iron4 ,! =m] ( ^! precipitates extractive1 )\t mat]ially act+ ^u gallic acid1 :i* is ?r[n d[n by ! latt]3 ! greate/ c>e1 h[ev]1 mu/ be tak5 n to add ! iron 9 excess1 z 9 t case ! black precipitate =m$ w be r$issolv$1 & an olive-col\r$ & cle> fluid be only obta9$4 ,he details ! results ( a numb] ( exp]im5ts made ^u galls1 & asc]ta9s ! relative proportions ( _! sev]al elem5ts2 & he proves t tann9 may exi/ 9 su* a /ate ( comb9ation 9 diff]5t sub/ances z to elude ! te/ ( gelat9e2 9 :i* case1 to detect its pres5ce1 x is necess>y to h rec\rse to ! action ( ! dilut$ acids4 ,sir ,joseph ,banks _h conclud$1 f ! s5sible prop]ties ( cate*u1#dd or t]ra ,japonica1 t x 0 ri* 9 tann93 ,davy confirm$ ?is op9ion by exp]im5t4 ,! lea!r tann$ by x appe>$ to possess ! same qualities z :5 tann$ 9 ! usual mann]2 & al?\gh ?is sub/ance conta9s a small portion ( extractive matt]1 yet ! increase ( weight ( ! sk9 0 r less ?an :5 solutions ( galls 7 us$4 #dd ,cate*u is an extract obta9$ f ! wood ( a species ( ! ,mimosa t gr[s 9 ,india1 by boil+ & subsequ5t evaporation4 ,x is ( two k9ds2 "o f ,b5gal1 ! o!r f ,bombay4 ,! =m] conta9s r less1 ! latt] r m1 ?an half its weight ( tann94 ,! rema9d] 9 bo? cases is a peculi> extractive matt] mix$ ) mucilage4--,p4 ,9 exam9+ diff]5t b>ks1 he 0 n able to procure f !m any free gallic acid1 b _! infusions gave1 on evaporation1 tann9 & extractive4 ,! great] numb] ( 8 exp]im5ts 7 made on ! b>ks ( ! oak1 ! ,leice/] will[1 ! ,spani% *e/nut1 ! elm1 & ! common will[4 ,! l>ge/ quantity ( tann9 he f\nd to be conta9$ 9 ! int]ior1 or :ite cortical lay]s2 & ! l>ge/ quantity ( extractive matt] 9 ! ext]ior lay]s2 ! epid]mis1 or r\gh outw>d b>k1 did n conta9 ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,f 8 g5]al obs]vations he is incl9$ to suppose t1 9 all ! a/r+5t vegetables1 ! tann9 is ( ! same species1 & t all ! diff]5ces attribut$ to x dep5d ^u its /ate ( comb9ation ) o!r pr9ciples4 ,9 apply+ ! results ( 8 exp]im5ts to ! !ory ( tann+1 he consid]s ! process z simply dep5d+ ^u ! union ( ! tann9 ) ! matt] ( ! sk91 9 su* a mann] z to =m ) x an insoluble comp\nd4 ,gallic acid1 he feels assur$1 does n produce any notable effects 9 ! process2 b he ?9ks t ! quality ( ! lea!r dep5ds1 9 "s degree1 ^u ! quantity ( extractive matt] x may imbibe4 ,sk91 comb9$ ) extractive matt] only1 w\ld be increas$ 9 weight1 become col\r$1 & be extremely flexible1 b x w\ld n be insoluble 9 wat]2 & 7 x comb9$ ) tann9 alone1 x w\ld be heavi] & less supple ?an :5 bo? ^! pr9ciples ent] into ! comp\nd4 ,he exam9es ) great acut5ess & precision "s ( ! m popul> op9ions ent]ta9$ by tann]s1 & br+s 8 sci5ce to be> v satisfactorily ^u sev]al ( _! processes4 ,! gr& secret1 on :i* ! pr(it ( ! trade ma9ly dep5ds1 is to give ! hides ! greate/ increase ( weight 9 ! lea/ possible "t4 ,to effect ?is1 v>i\s s*emes h be5 propos$1 _m ( :i*1 f ! ignorance ( ! op]ators1 in/ead ( promot+1 h defeat$ ! object4 ,diff]5t m5/rua h be5 sugge/$ = exp$it+ ! process1 & among/ !m lime-wat] & ! solutions ( pe>l-a%2 b1 z he has cle>ly %[n1 ^! two sub/ances =m comp\nds ) tann9 :i* are n decomposable by gelat9e2 :5ce x foll[s t _! effects mu/ be p]nici\s2 & !re is v little reason to suppose t any bodies w be f\nd :i*1 at ! same "t t !y increase ! solubility ( tann9 9 wat]1 w n likewise dim9i% its attraction = sk94 ,8 exp]im5ts hav+ prov$ t ! saturat$ infusions ( a/r+5t b>ks conta9 mu* less extractive matt]1 9 proportion to _! tann91 ?an ^? :i* are weak]1 x foll[s1 t by quickly tann+ ! sk91 we r5d] ! lea!r less durable4 ,^! obs]vations %[ t !re is "s f\ndation = ! vulg> op9ion ( workm51 conc]n+ :at is te*nically call$ ! fe$+ ( lea!r 9 ! sl[ me?od ( tann+4 ,su* is an outl9e ( ?is int]e/+ pap]1 9 :i* ! au?or has display$ ! tal5t s *>act]i/ic ( 8 m9d--t ( br++ sci5ce & art into useful alliance ) ea* o!r4 ,x =ms1 at ?is day1 ! guide ( ! tann]2 & ^? :o previ\sly c>ri$ on ! process by a r\t9e ( op]ations1 ( :i* !y knew n ! reasons1 are n[ capable ( modify+ x1 )\t ! risk ( spoil+ ! result4 ,_m ( ^? exp$i5ts :i* h be5 br\ght =w>d z novelties 9 lat] ye>s1 may be f\nd 9 ?is pap]2 or1 at lea/1 h aris5 out ( ! pr9ciples disclos$ dur+ 8 inve/igations4 ,x has be5 /at$ t1 %ortly aft] ,davy's successful db z a lectur]1 8 mann]s und]w5t a *ange1 & t1 to ! regret ( 8 fri5ds1 he lo/ mu* ( 8 native simplicity4 ,on ! #e? ( ,febru>y #ahjb1 he _h d9$ ) ,sir ,h>ry ,englefield at 8 h\se at ,blackhea?2 & eighte5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! wor?y ,b>onet allud$ to 8 int]e/+ demean\r ^u t occasion1 9 t]ms suffici5tly expressive ( 8 feel+s--,x 0 ! la/ fla% ( expir+ ,nature4 ,x 0 natural t 8 be/ fri5ds1 on p]ceiv+ ?is *ange ( mann]1 %\ld ent]ta9 "s appreh5sions z to ! deep] qualities ( 8 he>t4 ,mr4 ,purkis has plac$ 9 my h&s ! foll[+ lett] address$ to him by ,mr4 ,col]idge2 x w int]e/ ! read] by ! =ce & tru? ) :i* its tal5t$ writ] *>act]ises ! p]ils :i* beset ! elevat$ pa? ( ! "y philosoph] at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 c>e]4 ,,to ,,samuel ,,purkis1 ,,esq4 ,ne!r ,/[ey1 ,feb4 #ag1 #ahjc4 ,,my ,,de> ,,purkis1 ,i receiv$ y\r p>cel la/ night1 by po/1 f ,gunville1 :i!r 7crossly en\gh7 ,i am go+ ) our fri5d ,poole to-morr[ morn+4 ,i d f my v he>t ?ank y = y\r prompt & fri5dly ex]tion1 & = y\r truly int]e/+ lett]4 ,i %all write to ,w$gwood by ?is po/2 he is /ill at ,cote1 ne> ,bri/ol2 b ,i %all take ! ,bang back ) me to ,gunville1 z ,w$gwood w assur$ly be !re 9 ! c\rse ( t5 days4 ,jos4 ,w$gwood is nam$ ! ,%]iff ( ! ,c\nty4 ,:5 ,i h he>d f ,w$gwood1 or :5 he has tri$ ?is ,nep5!1 ,i w write to y4 ,i h be5 "h ne>ly a =tnight2 & 9 bett] heal? ?an usual4 ,tranquillity1 w>m rooms1 & a de> old fri5d1 are specifics = my compla9ts4 ,poole is inde$ a v1 v good man4 ,i l ev5 8 incorrigibility 9 small faults & defici5cies3 x looks l a wise det]m9ation ( ,nature to let well alone2 & is a consequ5ce1 a necess>y "o p]haps1 ( 8 immutability 9 8 important good qualities4 ,8 j\rnal1 ) 8 own comm5ts1 has prov$ n only ent]ta9+ b highly in/ructive to me4 ,i rejoice 9 ,davy's progress4 ,!re are ?ree ,suns record$ 9 ,scripture3--,jo%ua's1 t /ood /ill2 ,hezekiah's1 t w5t backw>d2 & ,david's1 t w5t =? & ha/5$ on 8 c\rse1 l a bridegroom f 8 *amb]4 ,may our fri5d's prove ! latt]6 ,x is a melan*oly ?+ to see a man1 l ! ,sun 9 ! close ( ! ,lapl& summ]1 m]idional 9 8 horizon2 or l :eat 9 a ra9y season1 t %oots up well 9 ! /alk1 b does n k]n4 ,z ,i h hop$1 & d hope1 m pr\dly ( ,davy ?an ( any o!r man2 & z he has be5 ende>$ to me m ?an any o!r man1 by ! be+ a ,?+ ( ,hope to me 7m1 f> m ?an myself to my own self 9 my mo/ g5ial mom5ts17--s ( c\rse my disappo9tm5t w\ld be proportionally sev]e4 ,x 7 falsehood1 if ,i said t ,i ?9k 8 pres5t situation mo/ calculat$1 ( all o!rs1 to fo/] ei!r 8 g5ius1 or ! cle>ness & incorruptness ( 8 op9ions & moral feel+s4 ,i see two ,s]p5ts at ! cradle ( 8 g5ius1 ,dissipation ) a p]petual increase ( acqua9tances1 & ! con/ant pres5ce ( ,inf]iors & ,devotees1 ) t too great facility ( atta9+ admiration1 :i* degrades ,ambition into ,vanity--b ! ,h]cules w /rangle bo? ! reptile mon/]s4 ,i h ?\ght x possible to ex]t tal5ts ) p]sev]ance1 & to atta9 true greatness :olly pure1 ev5 f ! impulses ( ambition2 b on ?is subject ,davy & ,i always diff]$4 ,:5 y us$ ! ^w gigantic1 y meant1 no d\bt1 to give me a specim5 ( ! irony ,i mu/ expect f my ,philo-,lockian critics4 ,i tru/1 t ,i %all /e] cle> ( almo/ all (f5ce4 ,my book is n1 /rictly speak+1 metaphysical1 b hi/orical4 ,x p]haps w m]it ! title ( a ,hi/ory ( ,metaphysics 9 ,engl& f ,"l ,bacon to ,mr4 ,hume1 inclusive4 ,i conf9e myself to facts 9 e "p ( ! "w1 except+ t :i* treats ( ,mr4 ,hume3--him ,i h assur$ly bespr9kl$ copi\sly f ! f\nta9s ( ,bitt]ness & ,contempt4 ,z to ?is1 & ! o!r works :i* y h m5tion$1 h pati5ce1 ,"l6 & ,i w pay !e all6 ,mr4 ,t4 ,w$gwood goes to ,italy 9 ! fir/ days ( ,may4 ,:e!r ,i accompany him is unc]ta94 ,he is appreh5sive t my heal? may incapacitate me4 ,if ,i d n g ) him1 7& ,i %all be c]ta91 "o way or ! o!r1 9 a few weeks17 ,i %all g by myself1 9 ! fir/ week ( ,april1 if possible4 ,poole's k9de/ remembrances ,i s5d y on my own haz>d2 = he is busy bel[1 & ,i mu/ fold up my lett]4 ,:e!r ,i rema9 9 ,engl& or am abroad1 ,i w occasionally write y2 & am ev]1 my de> ,purkis1 ) affectionate e/eem1 ,y\r's s9c]ely1 ,s4 ,t4 ,,col]idge4 ,rememb] me k9dly to ,mrs4 ,purkis & y\r *ildr54 ,t4 ,w$gwood's disease is n pa9ful3 x is a complete tdium vit2 no?+ pleases long1 & novelty itself beg9s to cease to act l novelty4 ,life & all its =ms move1 9 8 diseas$ mom5ts1 l %ad[s be=e him1 cold1 col\rless1 & unsub/antial4 ,f ! tone ( ! foll[+ lett]1 x may be presum$ also1 t ,mr4 ,poole1 to :om x is address$1 _h express$ "s anxiety ^u ! dang]s to :i* 8 flatt]+ /ation expos$ him4 ,,to ,,?omas ,,poole1 ,,esq4 ,london1 ,may #a1 #ahjc4 ,,my ,,de> ,,poole1 ,h y no ?\ghts ( com+ to ,london8 ,i h always recollect$ ! %ort p]iods t y h sp5t 9 t[n1 ) a k9d ( mix$ feel+ ( pleasure & regret4 ,9 ! bu/l+ activity occasion$ 9 cities by ! action & re-action ( div]sifi$ tal5ts1 occupations1 & passions1 our exi/5ce is1 z x 71 brok5 into fragm5ts1 & ) y ,i h always wi%$ = unbrok5 int]c\rse & cont9u\s feel+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be n al>m$1 my de> fri5d1 z to ! effect ( worldly society on my m9d4 ,! age ( dang] has pass$ away4 ,!re are 9 ! intellectual be+ ( all m51 p]man5t elem5ts1 c]ta9 habits & passions t _c *ange4 ,i am a lov] ( ,nature1 ) an ungratifi$ imag9ation4 ,i %all cont9ue to se>* = unta/$ *>ms1--= hidd5 beauties4 ,my real1 my wak+ exi/5ce is among/ ! objects ( sci5tific rese>*3 common amusem5ts & enjoym5ts are necess>y to me only z dreams1 to int]rupt ! fl[ ( ?\ghts too ne>ly analog\s to enlight5 & to vivify4 ,col]idge has left ,london = ,keswick2 dur+ 8 /ay 9 t[n1 ,i saw him seldom] ?an usual2 :5 ,i did see him1 x 0 g5]ally 9 ! mid/ ( l>ge companies1 :]e he is ! image ( p[] & activity4 ,8 eloqu5ce is unimpair$2 p]haps x is s(t] & /rong]4 ,8 w is probably less ?an ev] comm5surate ) 8 ability4 ,brilliant images ( greatness float ^u 8 m9d3 l ! images ( ! morn+ cl\ds ^u ! wat]s1 _! =ms are *ang$ by ! motion ( ! waves1 !y are agitat$ by e breeze1 & modifi$ by e sunbeam4 ,he talk$ 9 ! c\rse ( "o h\r1 ( beg9n+ ?ree works1 & he recit$ ! poem ( ,*ri/obel unf9i%$1 & z ,i _h be=e he>d x4 ,:at tal5t does he n wa/e 9 =m+ visions1 sublime1 b unconnect$ ) ! real _w6 ,i h look$ to 8 ef=ts1 z to ! ef=ts ( a creat+ be+2 b z yet1 he has n ev5 laid ! f\ndation = ! new _w ( intellectual =ms4 ,:5 my ,agricultural ,lectures are f9i%$1 ,i propose to visit ,p>is1 & p]haps ,g5eva4 ,h[ ,i regret t circum/ances _h n enabl$ u to make ! same t\r at ! same "t6 ,i ?9k1 at all ev5ts1 ,i %all see y be=e ! ,autumn1 on y\r own l&s1 amid/ y\r own images & creations4 ,y\r affectionate fri5d1 ,,humphry ,,davy4 ,,to ,,! ,,same4 ,royal ,in/itution4 ,,my ,,de> ,,poole1 ,(t51 v (t51 9 ! mid/ ( ! tumults ( ! multitude 9 ?is great city1 has my _s turn$ 9 quietness & solitude t[>ds y4 ,i hope soon to see y 9 ,som]set%ire1 :]e we may wor%ip ,nature1 & ! _s t dwells 9 ,nature1 9 y\r gre5 fields & "u y\r tranquil sky4 ,my communications ) y & ,col]idge & ,s\!y1 & o!r ornam5ts ( ! great exi/+ ,be+1 h excit$ feel+s :i* *e] me 9 ! apa?y ( ,london1 & :i* make me love human nature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y\r acc\nt ( ! "y man :o murd]$ 8 wife1 ,i read ) deep int]e/4 ,x is f su* n>ratives ( ! conduct ( common p]sons1 t ! laws ( simple human nature mu/ be d$uc$4 ,be+s act$ on by few objects1 awak5+ 9 !m few b deep passions1 are ! be+s :i* ,metaphysicians & ,morali/s ought to /udy2 n ^? :o exi/ 9 g5]al life1 hav+ _! en]gies & feel+s s atta*$ to multipli$ & indef9ite ?+s--s mix$ up & connect$ ) myriads ( circum/ances1 z to be imp]ceptible1 unless by a microscopic moral eye4 ,i am1 c4 c4 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,f ! =m] lett]1 we le>n t ,davy1 at ?is p]iod1 propos$ deliv]+ "s lectures on ! ,*emi/ry ( ,agriculture4 ,f ! memor&ums ( my late fri5d ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,"y1 ! celebrat$ ,secret>y to ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 ,i h succe$$1 ?r\gh ! k9dness ( 8 daught]1 9 procur+ ! foll[+ extracts2 ! only s\rce f :i* ,i h be5 able to obta9 any correct in=mation ^u ?is po9t 9 8 sci5tific life4--,may #ae?1 #ahjc4 ,mem4 ,two lectures by ,mr4 ,davy h tak5 place1 & be5 v well att5d$2 !y int5d reta9+ him by a sal>y ( a hundr$ p\nds a ye>1--a v good plan4 ,among/ ! pamphlets at ,bradfield ,hall is a small qu>to ( f\rte5 pages1 entitl$1 ,outl9es ( a ,c\rse ( ,lectures on ! ,*emi/ry ( ,agriculture1 to be deliv]$ be=e ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 #ahjc4 ,x 0 evid5tly only pr9t$ = private circulation among/ ! memb]s4 ,at ! same "t1 he pr9t$ a small pamphlet1 conta9+ an explanation ( ! t]ms us$ 9 *emi/ry1 = ! in/ruction ( ^? among/ 8 audi5ce :o _h n p>ticul>ly direct$ _! att5tion to ! sci5ce4 ,! fir/ lecture 0 deliv]$ on ,tuesday1 ,may ! #aj?1 at twelve at noon1 & five o!rs on ! succe$+ ,tuesdays & ,fridays4 ,9 an address to ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture by ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 deliv]$ 9 ,april #ahjf1 9 review+ ! v>i\s objects to :i* ! att5tion ( ! ,bo>d _h be5 direct$1 he ?us alludes to ! subject3--,9 ! ye> #ahjb1 :5 my ,"l ,c>r+ton 0 9 ! *air1 ! ,bo>d resolv$ to direct ! att5tion ( a celebrat$ lectur]1 ,mr4 ,davy1 to agricultural subjects2 & 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 dur+ ! ,presid5cy ( ,"l ,%effield1 he fir/ deliv]$ to ! memb]s ( ?is ,in/itution1 a c\rse ( lectures on ! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,agriculture4 ,! plan has succe$$ to ! ext5t :i* might h be5 expect$ f ! abilities ( ! g5tleman engag$ to c>ry x into effect4 ,! lectures h hi!rto be5 exclusively address$ to ! ,memb]s ( ! ,bo>d2 b to su* a degree ( p]fection h !y arriv$1 t x is well wor?y ( consid]ation1 :e!r !y ought n to be giv5 to a l>g] audi5ce4 ,if su* an idea met ) ! approbation ( ! ,bo>d1 a hall might be procur$ = t purpose1 or a special c\rse ( lectures read 9 ?is room exclusively = /rang]s4 ,davy w\ld appe> to h be5 v e>ly impress$ ) ! importance ( ,*emi/ry1 9 its v>i\s applications to ,agriculture4 ,allusions are con/antly made to x 9 8 lett]s2 & at ! conclusion ( 8 ,,rese>*es1 he glances at ?is dep>tm5t ( ! *emi/ry ( vegetation1 & obs]ves t1 al?\gh x is imm$iately connect$ ) ! art ^u :i* we dep5d = subsi/5ce1 x has be5 b little inve/igat$4 ,9 8 introductory lecture ( #ahjb1 he speaks m =cibly ^u ! subject4 ,agriculture1 to :i* we owe our means ( subsi/5ce1 is an art intimately connect$ ) *emical sci5ce2 = al?\gh ! common soil ( ! e>? w produce vegetable food1 yet x c only be made to produce x 9 ! greate/ quantity1 & ( ! be/ quality1 by me?ods ( cultivation dep5d5t ^u sci5tific pr9ciples4 ,! k ( ! composition ( soils1 ( ! food ( vegetables1 ( ! modes 9 :i* _! products mu/ be treat$1 s z to become fit = ! n\ri%m5t ( animals1 is ess5tial to ! cultivator ( l&2 & 8 ex]tions are pr(itable & useful to society1 9 proportion z he is m ( a *emical pr(essor4 ,s9ce inde$ ! tru? has be5 und]/ood1 & s9ce ! importance ( agriculture has be5 g5]ally felt1 ! "* ( ! agriculturi/ has become m dignifi$1 & m ref9$2--no long] a m]e ma*9e ( lab\r1 he has le>n$ to ?9k1 & to reason4 ,he is aw>e ( 8 usefulness to 8 fell[-m51 & he is become1 at once1 ! fri5d ( nature1 & ! fri5d ( society4 ,8 appo9tm5t1 z *emical pr(essor to ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 0 accompani$ ) ! obligation ( read+ lectures be=e its memb]s2 :i* he cont9u$ to deliv] e successive season = t5 ye>s1 modify+ & ext5d+ _! views1 f "t to "t1 9 su* a mann] z ! progress ( *emical discov]y might r5d] necess>y4 ,^! disc\rses 7 collat$1 & publi%$ 9 ! ye> #ahac1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,presid5t & memb]s ( ! ,bo>d1 & !y =m ! only sy/ematic "w we1 at pres5t1 possess on ! subject4 ,its views1 h[ev]1 are too g5]ally int]e/+ to be briefly dismiss$2 ,i %all !re=e ent] m fully into _! m]its 9 a m advanc$ "p ( ^! memoirs4 ,8 connexion ) ! ,bo>d necess>ily br\ght him 9 contact ) ! practical agriculturi/s & capitali/s ( ! day1 ) _m ( :om he =m$ fri5d%ips :i* la/$ ?r\gh life4 ,) ,mr4 ,coke ( ,holkham he became well acqua9t$1 & g5]ally =m$ "o ( ! p>ty at 8 annual %eep-%e>+4#de ,he 0 also a frequ5t visitor at ,woburn1 & receiv$ f ! ,duke ! means by :i* he 0 enabl$ to submit to ! te/ ( practice v>i\s !ories :i* 8 sci5ce _h sugge/$4 #de ,9 ! #dj? volume ( ! ,annals ( ,agriculture1 an acc\nt is giv5 ( ! ,holkham ,%eep-%e>+ = #ahjc1 & 9 ! li/ ( ! company is ! "n ( ,mr4 ,pr(essor ,davy4--,at ! meet+ ( #ahjh1 he 0 also pres5t1 & is m5tion$ z ! great *emi/1 ^: discov]ies w immortalize 8 "n4 ,mr4 ,coke1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 spee* aft] d9n]1 allud+ to ! "q ( long & %ort dung1 said1 ,x is ! op9ion ( a fri5d ( m9e1 :o sits ne> me1 ,pr(essor ,davy1 & ^u ^: judgm5t1 on acc\nt ( 8 ext5sive *emical z well z o!r sci5tific k1 ,i place ! highe/ reliance1 t ! manure c>ri$ imm$iately on ! field1 )\t be+ di/urb$1 w h a great] effect 9 excit+ rapid vegetation1 & 9 enc\rag+ ! gr[? ( ! turnip plant1 ?an :5 appli$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]2 =1 "u su* circum/ances1 x w n only be m moi/ & alkal9e1 b x w be protect$ f a loss ( sub/ance1 am\nt+ v ne>ly to "o-?ird ( its orig9al bulk4 ,davy aft]w>ds1 9 company ) ! ,duke ( ,b$=d1 ,"l ,william ,russell1 ,"l ,?anet1 ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 & o!r agriculturi/s1 inspect$ sev]al f>ms4--,9 #ahab1 8 heal? 0 drunk at ! ,woburn ,%eep-%e>+ by ! ,duke ( ,b$=d2 & 9 ! foll[+ fe/ival x 0 propos$ by ,"l ,h>dwicke4 ,9 ! pr9t ( ! ,woburn ,%eep-%e>+1 publi%$ by ,g>r>d1 9 #ahaa1 ,no4 #ge repres5ts ,davy2 he is /&+1 9 a li/5+ attitude1 beh9d ,mr4 ,coke1 :o is conv]s+ ) ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 & ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,"y4 ,9 a lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 dat$ ,octob] #ahjc1 he says3 ,i h j quitt$ ! coa/ ( ,sussex1 :]e ,i h sp5t ! la/ ?ree weeks ) ,"l ,%effield1 ! wor?y biograph] ( ,gibbon4 ,9 fact1 !re 0 n a nobleman1 di/+ui%$ = intellectual sup]iority1 :o did n feel a pride 9 receiv+ him z a gue/2 & he pass$ 8 vacations 9 ! society ( ^? exalt$ p]sons :o1 9 possess+ rank1 =tune1 & tal5ts1 felt t !y only held su* gifts f ,provid5ce1 9 tru/ = ! welf>e ( _! fell[-c\ntrym54 ,we c sc>cely picture to ourselves a be+ ^u :om =tune ev] %[]$ m fav\rs ?an ^u ,davy1 dur+ ?is gold5 p]iod ( 8 c>e]4 ,indep5d5t 9 an hon\rable compet5ce1 ! product ( 8 g5ius & indu/ry2 resid5t 9 ! c5tre ( all sci5tific in=mation & intellig5ce2 e av5ue ( k1 & e mode ( obs]vation op5 to 8 unwe>i$ intellect1 he mu/ h exp]i5c$ a satisfaction :i* few philosoph]s h ev] be=e felt1--! p[] ( pursu+ exp]im5tal rese>* to any ext5t1 & ( comm&+ ! imm$iate possession ( all ! means x might require1 )\t ! lea/ reg>d ei!r to co/ or lab\r4 ,:at a contra/ does ?is picture af=d to t :i* has be5 too fai?fully repres5t$ z ! m usual fate ( ! philosoph] & man ( lett]s1 & :i* exhibits little m ?an ! unavail+ /ruggles ( g5ius aga9/ p5ury6 ,in/ead ( a life consum$ 9 fruitless expectation ( patronage & rew>d1 we behold ,davy1 9 ! full bloom ( reputation1 c\rt$ by all :om rank1 tal5t1 or /ation1 _h r5d]$ conspicu\s4 ,8 life fl[$ on l a pure /ream1 "u a sky ( p]petual sun%9e1--n a gu/ ruffl$ its surface1 n a cl\d obscur$ its brightness4 ,9 ! morn+1 he 0 ! sage int]pret] ( ,nature's laws2 9 ! ev5+1 he sp>kl$ 9 ! galaxy ( fa%ion2 & n ! lea/ extraord9>y po9t 9 ! "* ( ?is great man1 0 ! facility ) :i* he c\ld ca/ aside ! c>es ( /udy1 & ent] into ! trifl+ amusem5ts ( society4--,ne otium quidem otiosum1 0 ! exclamation ( ,cic]o2 & x w g5]ally apply to ! leisure ( m5 actively engag$ 9 ! pursuits ( sci5ce2 b ,davy1 9 clos+ ! door ( 8 laboratory1 op5$ ! temple ( pleasure4 ,:5 n o!rwise engag$1 8 cu/om 0 to play at billi>ds1 frequ5t ! !atre1 or read ! la/ new novel4 ,9 ord9>y cases1 ! g5ius ( ev5+ dissipation is an arrant ,p5elope2 b ,davy1 on return+ to 8 morn+ lab\rs1 nev] f\nd t ! ?read _h be5 unspun dur+ ! int]ruption4 ,! foll[+ anecdote is well calculat$ to illu/rate t v]satility ( tal5t ( :i* ,i h frequ5tly spok51 z well z ! p[] he possess$ ( ab/ract+ himself1 )\t detrim5t1 f ! mo/ elaborate inve/igations4 ,a fri5d ( ! late ,mr4 ,tob9 call$ ^u him at ! ,in/itution1 & f\nd him deeply engag$ 9 ! laboratory2 _! conv]sation turn$ ^u ,! ,honey ,moon1 :i* 0 to be br\ght out on ! foll[+ ev5+4#df ,no soon] _h ,davy he>d t1 al?\gh press+ applications _h be5 made to sev]al ( ! poets ( ! day1 a ,prologue _h n yet be5 writt51 ?an he in/antly quitt$ ! laboratory1 & 9 two h\rs produc$ t :i* 0 recit$ on ! occasion by ,mr4 ,b>tley1 & pr9t$ 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! com$y4 ,i ins]t x 9 ?is place4 #df ,! ,honey ,moon 0 produc$ at ,drury ,lane1 on ,?ursday1 ! #cj? ( ,janu>y1 #ahje4 ,no uni=mity 9 life is f\nd3-- ,9 ev'ry sc5e v>ieties ab\nd2 ,& inconsi/5cy /ill m>ks ! plan ,( t immortal noble be+1--,man4 ,z *angeful z ! ,april's morn+ skies1 ,8 feel+ & 8 s5tim5ts arise2 ,& ,nature to 8 wond'r\s frame has giv5 ,! m+l$ elem5ts ( ,e>? & ,heav54 ,9 diff'r5t climes & ages1 /ill we f9d ,! same ev5ts = diff]5t ends design'd3 ,& ! same passion diff'r5t m9ds c move ,to ?\ghts ( sadness or to acts ( love4 ,h5ce ,g5ius draws 8 novel copi\s /ore2 ,& h5ce ! new creations we adore3 ,& h5ce ! sc5ic art's undy+ skill ,submits our feel+ to its pot5t w2 ,f common accid5ts & common !mes ,awak5s rapture & poetic dreams2 ,&1 9 ! trodd5 pa? ( life1 pursues ,"s object clo!d 9 ,fancy's lovelie/ hues-- ,to /r5g!n nature1 or to *a/5 art1 ,to m5d ! mann]s or exalt ! he>t4 ,s ?\ght ! man :om y mu/ judge to-night2 ,& z he ?\ght1 he boldly d>$ to write4 ,n new ! subject ( 8 fir/-born rhyme2 ,b "o adorn'd by b>ds ( eld] "t2-- ,b>ds ) ! gr&e/ s5tim5ts inspir$-- ,b>ds t 9 rapture he has /ill admir$2 ,& tri$ to imitate1 ) ard\r w>m1 ,& cat* ! _s ( _! p['rful *>m4 ,) l(tie/ zeal & anxi\s hope1 he s\ght ,to br+ to mod]n times _! /r5g? ( ?\ght2 ,&1 9 _! gl[+ col\rs1 to display ,! follies & ! virtues ( ! day4 ,:e!r 8 tal5ts h 8 wi% beli$1 ,y\r judgm5t & y\r c&\r mu/ decide4 ,he1 ?\gh y\r l(tie/ plaudits y %\ld raise-- ,he _c ?ank y = ! me$ ( praise4 ,rapture he _c feel1 nor fe>1 nor %ame2 ,connect$ ) 8 love ( e>?ly fame1 ,he is no m4--,yet may 8 memory live ,9 all ! bloom t e>ly wor? c give6 ,%\ld y applaud1 'tw\ld *eck ! fl[+ te> ,( ^? to :om 8 "n & hopes are de>4 ,b %\ld y an unf9i%'d /ructure f9d1 ,z 9 its fir/ & rude/ =ms design'd1 ,z yet n p]fect f ! gl[+ m9d1 ,!n ) a g5tle voice y\r c5sure spread1 ,& sp>e ! liv+--sp>e ! sacr$ ,,dead6 ,davy w\ld appe> to h frequ5tly amus$ himself ) writ+ sonnets1 & inclos+ !m 9 lett]s to 8 sev]al fri5ds3 ! foll[+ lett] w also %[ t he 0 ambiti\s ( be+ consid]$ a poet4 ,,to ,,samuel ,,purkis1 ,,esq4 ,,my ,,de> ,,purkis1 ,i inclose ! little poem1#dg on :i* y\r praise has /amp$ a high] value1 ,i fe>1 ?an x des]ves4 ,if ,i ?\ght t p 9 g5]al w\ld ?9k z fav\rably ( my poetical productions1 ,i w\ld write m v]ses1 & w\ld write !m ) m c>e2 b ,i fe> y are p>tial3 ,i am v glad1 h[ev]1 t y l ! little song2 at "s future p]iod ,i w s5d y ano!r4 ,) k9d remembrances1 unalt]ably y\r s9c]e fri5d1 ,h4 ,,davy4 #dg ,! subject 0 ,julia's ,eyes4 ,on exam9+ ! laboratory notes made at ?is p]iod1 _m ( :i*1 h[ev]1 are ne>ly illegible f blots ( ink & /a9s ( acid1 x w\ld appe> t 8 rese>*es into ! composition ( m9]al bodies 7 mo/ ext5sive1 & t he obta9$ _m new results1 ( :i* he does n seem to h avail$ himself 9 any ( 8 subsequ5t pap]s4 ,to borr[ a metaphor f 8 fav\rite amusem5t1 he treat$ su* results z small fry1 :i* he return$ to _! native elem5t to gr[ bigg]1 or to be aga9 caught by "s less aspir+ bro!r ( ! angle4 ,_h ,davy1 at ?is p]iod ( 8 life1 be5 anxi\s to obta9 weal?1#dh su* 0 8 *emical reputation1 & su* ! value atta*$ to 8 judgm5t1 t1 by l5d+ 8 assi/ance to manufactur]s & projectors1 he might easily h realiz$ x2 b 8 aspirations 7 ( a nobl] k9d--,,sci5tific ,,glory 0 ! gr& object = :i* 8 he>t pant$3 by /opp+ to collect ! gold5 apples1 he might h lo/ ! race4 #dh ,i am assur$ by "o ( 8 e>lie/ fri5ds1 t1 at ?is p]iod1 he did n appe> ev5 to h an idea ( ! value ( prop]ty4 ,any ?+ n imm$iately necess>y to him he gave away1 & nev] reta9$ a book aft] he _h read x4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,sir ,?omas ,b]n>d allots ,davy a piece ( gr\nd = ,agricultural ,exp]im5ts4--,hi/ory ( ! ,orig9 ( ! ,royal ,in/itution4--,its e>ly lab\rs4--,davy's ,lett]s to ,mr4 ,gilb]t & to ,mr4 ,poole4--,dea? ( ,mr4 ,gregory ,watt4--,davy's passion = ,fi%+1 ) ,anecdotes4--,he makes a ,t\r 9 ,irel&3 8 ,lett]s on ! subject4--,8 pap] on ! ,analysis ( ! ,wavellite4--,8 ,memoirs on a new me?od ( analys+ ,m9]als :i* conta9 a fix$ ,alkali4--,reflections on ! discov]y ( ,galvanic ,electricity4 ,v %ortly aft] ,davy _h arriv$ 9 ,london1 he =m$ an intimate fri5d%ip ) ,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,sir ,?omas7 ,b]n>d2 & no soon] _h he direct$ 8 att5tion to ! subject ( ,philosophical ,agriculture1 ?an ! wor?y ,b>onet allott$ him a consid]able piece ( gr\nd ne> 8 villa at ,roehampton1 :]e1 "u 8 sole direction1 num]\s exp]im5ts 7 tri$1 _m ( :i* prov$ highly successful1 & aft]w>ds s]v$ = ! illu/ration ( v>i\s subjects 9 8 "w on ,,agricultural ,,*emi/ry4 ,al?\gh devot$ z ,davy 0 to ! pursuits ( sci5ce1 he ent]$ w>mly into all political plans = improv+ ! condition ( ! p1 & advanc+ ! progress ( civilization4 ,no "o1 says 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,poole1 0 less a sect>ian1 if ,i may use ! ^w1 9 religion1 politics1 or 9 sci5ce4 ,he reg>d$ ) b5evol5ce ! s9c]e convictions ( any class on ! subject ( belief1 h[ev] !y might diff] f 8 own4 ,9 politics1 he 0 ! ard5t fri5d ( rational lib]ty4 ,he glori$ 9 ! in/itutions ( 8 c\ntry1 & 0 anxi\s to see !m ma9ta9$ 9 _! purity by timely & temp]ate re=m4 ,inde$1 9 c>efully analys+ 8 m9d1 & trac+ its developem5t1 x appe>s t b5evol5ce 0 "o ( its lead+ elem5ts2 ! =m 9 :i* x display$ its en]gies v>y+ ) ! v>y+ conditions ( intellig5ce4 ,9 boyi% life1 8 imag9ation1 act+ ^u 8 zeal = ! welf>e ( 8 species1 delight$1 z we h se51 9 ! ideas ( enc\nt]+ dragons1 & quell+ ! might ( giants2 b z fancy pal$ ) ! light ( advanc+ ye>s1 & ! judgm5t1 pres5t$ di/9ct] appe>ances1 ! philan?ropic antipa?y :i* _h be5 direct$ to ^? *im]as ( ! nurs]y1 0 transf]r$ to ! two great oppressions ( society1 & 9 ,sup]/ition he saw ! dragons--9 ,despotism1 ! giants t spread mis*ief & mis]y ?r\gh ! _w4 ,"s ( 8 e>ly manuscripts are /ill 9 exi/5ce2 & ,i %all "h introduce a passage f "o :i* has be5 lately transmitt$ to me by a g5tleman resid5t 9 ,p5zance4 ,! mo/ trifl+ record becomes int]e/+1 :5 we c trace 9 x ! g]m ( a p>ticul> op9ion1 or ! fir/ symptom ( a quality :i* may aft]w>ds h di/+ui%$ its possessor4 ,sci5ce is z yet 9 h] infancy2 b 9 h] infancy %e has done mu* = man4 ,! discov]ies hi!rto s b5eficial to mank9d h be5 g5]ally effect$ by ! en]gies ( individual m9ds3--:at hopes may we n ent]ta9 ( ! rapid progress ( ! happ9ess ( man :5 illum9ation %all become g5]al--:5 ! unit$ p[]s ( a numb] ( sci5tific m5 %all be employ$ 9 discov]y6 ,e ?+ seems to ann\nce ! rapid advance ( ?is p]iod ( improvem5t4 ,! "t is approa*+ :5 despotism & sup]/ition1 ^? enorm\s *a9s t h s long enfett]$ mank9d1 %all be annihilat$1--:5 lib]at$ man %all display ! m5tal en]gies = :i* he 0 creat$4 ,at t p]iod1 nations %all "k t x is _! int]e/ to cultivate sci5ce1 & t ! b5evol5t philosophy is nev] sep>at$ f ! happ9ess ( mank9d4 ,9 8 publi%$ writ+s1 we discov] evid5ces ( ! same t5d5cy2 he suff]s no opportunity to escape :i* c enable him to en=ce 8 pr9ciple1 & he extracts f ! mo/ common z well z f ! lea/ probable s\rces1 comp>isons & analogies = its illu/ration4 ,! +5uity ) :i* ?is is accompli%$ (t5 surprises & delights u2 ! effect ^u ! read] is frequ5tly n unlike t occasion$ by ! fla%es ( wit1 to :i* x surely mu/ be closely alli$1 if wit be correctly def9$ by ,johnson a comb9ation ( dissimil> images1 or ! discov]y ( occult resemblances 9 ?+s app>5tly unlike4 ,is n ?is op9ion /rik+ly illu/rat$ by ! happy turn giv5 to 8 obs]vations ^u ! process ( obta9+ nitr\s oxide f nitre1--:5 he says1 ,?us1 if ! hopes :i* ^! exp]im5ts induce u to indulge d n prove fallaci\s1 a sub/ance :i* has h]et(ore be5 almo/ exclusively appropriat$ to ! de/ruction ( mank9d1 may become1 9 ! h&s ( philosophy1 ! means ( produc+ heal? & pleasure6 ,mr4 ,poole1 :o wat*$ ! :ole ( 8 progress f obscurity to di/9ction1 & enjoy$ 8 fri5d%ip = ne>ly ?irty ye>s1 says1 ,to be useful to sci5ce & mank9d 01 to use 8 fav\rite expression1 ! pursuit 9 :i* he glori$4 ,he 0 en?usia/ically atta*$ to sci5ce1 & to m5 ( sci5ce2 & 8 he>t ye>n$ to promote _! int]e/s4 ,t ,davy1 ) a m9d s con/itut$1 %\ld h =m$ a /rong & ard5t atta*m5t to ,sir ,?omas ,b]n>d1 & t ?is fri5d%ip %\ld h be5 reciprocally cultivat$1 _c be a matt] ( surprise4 ,i am happy 9 ?is opportunity ( pay+ a tribute ( respect to ! memory ( ?is mo/ excell5t p]son1 ) :om ,i _h ! pleasure ( be+ well acqua9t$4 ,8 life 0 "o cont9u$ s*eme ( active b5evol5ce2 & he m]its a p>ticul> notice 9 ^! memoirs1 z be+ "o ( ! pr9cipal f\nd]s & patrons ( ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,actuat$ by t noble & rational ambition :i* makes private pursuits subs]vi5t to public good1 he direct$ all ! en]gies ( 8 m9d1 ! influ5ce ( 8 /ation1 & ! res\rces ( 8 weal?1 t[>ds promot+ societies & s*emes = enc\rag+ ! virtues & indu/ry1 & = ameliorat+ ! condition1 ( ! l[] classes4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb] #agif1 9 conjunction ) ! late ,bi%op ( ,durham1 ,mr4 ,wilb]=ce1 & ,mr4 ,elliot1 he e/abli%$ ! ,,society ,,= ,,bett]+ ,,! ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,poor4 ,z "o ( ! prim>y objects ( ! orig9al promot]s ( ?is society 0 ! =mation ( an in/itution :i* might tea* ! application ( sci5ce to ! advancem5t ( ! arts ( life1 & to ! increase ( dome/ic com=ts1 a select committee 0 appo9t$ f its body1 9 ,janu>y #agii1 = ! purpose ( conf]r+ ) ,c\nt ,rum=d on ! means ( c>ry+ su* a s*eme into practical effect4 ,?is committee consi/$ ( ! ,e>l ( ,w9*elsea1 ,mr4 ,wilb]=ce1 ,mr4 ,sullivan1 ! ,bi%op ( ,durham1 ,sir ,?omas ,b]n>d1 & "s o!r memb]s ( ! society2 & 9 a few weeks !y complet$ ! arrangem5ts1 circulat$ pr9t$ proposals1 & collect$ ! subscriptions1 :i* gave bir? to ! ,,royal ,,in/itution ,,( ,,great ,,brita91 ! future cradle ( exp]im5tal sci5ce1 & ! de/9$ sc5e ( ,davy's glory4 ,9 addition to ! g5]al objects ( promot+ ! arts & manufactures1 & ( advanc+ ! ta/e & sci5ce ( ! c\ntry1 its m imm$iate purpose 0 ! improvem5t ( ! means ( indu/ry & dome/ic com=t among ! poor4 ,t ?is b5evol5t design 0 con/antly kept 9 sight may be %[n by ! sev]al resolutions pass$ at ! diff]5t meet+s ( ! ,manag]s1 especially at t held 9 ,m>* #ahjj2 :5 x 0 resolv$ to appo9t f\rte5 diff]5t committees1 = ! purpose ( sci5tific inve/igation & improvem5t2 among/ :i* 7 ! foll[+3-- ,= ! inve/igation into ! processes ( mak+ bread1 & into ! me?ods ( improv+ x4 ,= enquir+ into ! art ( prep>+ *eap & nutriti\s s\ps = fe$+ ! poor4 ,= improv+ ! con/ruction ( cottages1 & cottage fire-places1 & = improv+ kit*5 fire-places1 & kit*5 ut5sils4 ,= asc]ta9+1 by exp]im5t1 ! effects ( ! v>i\s processes ( cook]y ^u ! food ( cattle4 ,= improv+ ! con/ruction ( lime-kilns1 & ! composition ( mort> & cem5ts1 c4 c4 ,s t ! f\ndation & orig9al arrangem5ts ( ! ,royal ,in/itution 7 n only calculat$ to ext5d ! b\nd>ies ( sci5ce1 b to increase its applications1 & to promote & improve ^? arts ( life on :i* ! subsi/5ce ( all1 & ! com=t & enjoym5t ( ! great majority ( mank9d absolutely dep5d4 ,at ?is e>ly p]iod ( its hi/ory1 ! ,royal ,in/itution pres5t$ a sc5e ( ! mo/ animat$ bu/le & exhil>at+ activity4 ,p]sons mo/ di/+ui%$ 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( sci5ce & art 7 to be se5 zeal\sly & lib]ally co-op]at+ = ! promotion & diffusion ( public happ9ess1 "u ! *e]+ beams ( popul> fav\r & exalt$ patronage4 ,x 0 l 'a busy ant-hill 9 a calm sun%9e4' ,i %all only add1 t ,sir ,?omas ,b]n>d 0 ! orig9al promot] ( ! ,s*ool = ! ,indig5t ,bl9d2 ( an in/itution = ! protection & in/ruction ( ,climb+ ,boys2 ( a society = ! relief ( ,poor ,neighb\rs 9 ,di/ress2 ( ! ,canc] ,in/itution2 & ( ! ,london ,fev] ,hospital4 ,! philan?ropic ,b>onet 01 moreov]1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,briti% ,in/itution1 = promot+ ! ,f9e ,arts 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom2 & he 0 also ! orig9ator ( ! ,alfr$ ,club4 ,! va/ range & practical utility ( ^! ex]tions 7 duly appreciat$ by 8 contempor>ies1 :o 7 ev] ready to promote any s*eme :i* _h receiv$ ! sanction ( 8 patronage4 ,x is an anecdote wor?y ( be+ pres]v$1 t ! late ,sir ,rob]t ,peel call$ ^u him "o morn+1 & aft] a g5]al conv]sation on ! diff]5t philan?ropic objects !y _h 9 view1 said on leav+ ! room1 he _h to reque/ t ,sir ,?omas w\ld dispose ( some?+ = him1 9 any mann] he ?\ght mo/ s]viceable1 & laid on ! table an enclosure4 ,aft] he _h left ! h\se1 ,sir ,?omas 0 greatly surpris$1 on op5+ x1 to f9d a bank-note ( a ?\s& p\nds4 ,! active zeal ( ,sir ,t4 ,b]n>d1 l e o!r circum/ance :i* exce$s ! ord9>y /&>d ( our conduct1 or becomes prom95t f ! r>ity ( its occurr5ce1 call$ =? ! wit z well z ! admiration ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,"o ( ^? mod]n travell]s :o delight 9 a/oni%+ _! auditors by incr$ible tales & m>vell\s anecdotes1 happ5+ to be 9 company ) a noble "l z mu* di/+ui%$ = ! playfulness ( 8 wit z = ! pr(undity ( 8 le>n+1 told ! foll[+ improbable /ory3 t1 9 a seque/]$ "p ( ,italy1 :5 press$ by hung] & fatigue1 he s\ght refre%m5t & repose 9 a wild dwell+ 9 ! m\nta9s1 & 0 agreeably surpris$ at be+ (f]$ a pie2 b1 horror ( horrors6 on exam9+ its cont5ts he f\nd--a human f+]6--,no?+ m probable1 ,sir1 int]rupt$ 8 ,lord%ip2 & ,i well "k ! p]son to :om t f+] belong$--to ,sir ,?omas ,b]n>d1 ,sir1 = he _h a f+] 9 e pie4 ,! foll[+ lett]s w be read 9 ?is place ) int]e/4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i am n[ on my way to ,*ri/*ur*1 9 company ) ,mr4 ,b]n>d1 :o 0 ! f\nd]1 & has be5 ! great support]1 ( ! ,society = bett]+ ! condition ( ! ,poor4 ,9 a conv]sation t has j pass$ betwe5 u1 ,i m5tion$ ! /ate ( improvem5t ( ! ,d[ns betwe5 ,hel/on & ,m>azion1 9 consequ5ce ( grants ( small portions ( l& to m9]s & o!r t5ants = cultivation1 _m ( :i* h1 ,i believe1 be5 made by ,"l ,dun/anville4 ,mr4 ,b]n>d express$ a desire to "k :at ! effect ( ?is plan _h be5 on ! condition ( ! p]sons ?us rais$ into prop]ty-m54 ,he is accumulat+ facts z to ! mann] 9 :i* ! poor h be5 mo/ effectually b5efit$1 & to assi/ 8 lab\r w\ld be to assi/ a good & mo/ important cause2 p]haps1 y w h ! goodness to give me a /atem5t on ?is subject1 :i* ( c\rse %all be us$ z y may ?9k prop]4 ,y may likewise h simil> facts ne>] home1 on y\r own e/ates4 ,i am conv9c$ t ! effects ( enabl+ ! common lab\r] to acquire prop]ty mu/ be /rik+1 & mu/ (t5 h be5 an object ( y\r contemplation4 ,9 mak+ any /atem5t ( ^! facts1 y w probably ?9k x "r to m5tion "s p>ticul> cases1 ) dates1 names1 & acc\nts ( ! quantities ( l&s1 ! nature ( ! improvem5ts1 c4 ,9 ! reports ( ! ,society = bett]+ ! condition ( ! ,poor1 !re is "o made on ?is m9ute plan ( ,"l ,w9*elsea's grants ( l& to cottag]s1 :i* conveys v full & useful in=mation4 ,i tru/ to y\r k9dness1 & believe me ,y\r oblig$1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,! foll[+ lett] 0 writt5 by ,davy aft] 8 return f an excursion to t beautiful di/rict1 ! nor?-we/ ( ! c\nty ( ,som]set4 ,,to ,,?omas ,,poole1 ,,esq4 ,octob]1 #ahjd4 ,,my ,,de> ,,poole1 ,i ,,return$ to t[n a little :ile ago1 n sorry to see ! great city ( activity & life2 n sorry to see x1 ?\gh ,i _h j sp5t two mon?s 9 enjoy+ a sc5]y beautiful &1 to me1 new2 9 witness+ mu* hospitality & unadult]at$ mann]s1 & 9 ga9+ mu* useful in=mation4 ,mr4 ,b]n>d is writ+ a hi/ory ( ! poor4 ,i h liv$ mu* ) him at ,roehampton s9ce my return1 & he has read to me "p ( 8 "w1 :i* is popul>ly eloqu5t1 v intellig5t1 & full ( /rik+ & important tru?s2 b pray say no?+ ( ?is1 = x is likely t x w appe> )\t 8 "n3 ! facts w be /rong1 & p]haps to "s p (f5sive4 ,i h receiv$ a lett] f ,col]idge )9 ! la/ ?ree weeks3 he writes f ,malta1 9 good spirits1 &1 z usual1 f ! dep? ( 8 be+4 ,god bless him6--,he 0 int5d$ = a great man2 ,i hope & tru/ he w1 at "s p]iod1 appe> z su*4 ,i am work+ v h>d at ?is mom5t1 & ,i hope soon to s5d y "s ( ! fruits ( my lab\rs4 ,i am likewise devis+ "s plans at our ,in/itute1 = ! improvem5t ( ?is g5]ation ( vip]s2 b1 al?\gh ,i am s va9 z to ann\nce !m1 ,i w n be s t$i\s z to detail !m4 ,9 y\r answ]1 :i* ,i hope ,i %all soon receive1 pray give me an acc\nt ( ! situation ( ,poole's ,m>%1 ) reg>d to ! ,p>rot1#di = ,i h m5tion$ ! soil 9 a pap] to ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 :i* is n[ 9 ! press4 ,i am1 my de> ,poole1 ,y\r truly affectionate fri5d1 ,h4 ,,davy4 #di ,he alludes to a ri* piece ( l& ne> ! riv] ,p>rot2 a specim5 ( ! soil ( :i* ,mr4 ,poole _h s5t him = analysis4 ,9 ?is ye>1 ,davy 0 depriv$ ( "o ( 8 e>lie/ & mo/ atta*$ fri5ds1 aft] a l+]+ illness1 dur+ :i* 8 symptoms1 by ! alt]nations :i* *>act]ise consumption1 _h inspir$ 8 fri5ds ) hope1 only to *ill !m ) despond5cy2--,gregory ,watt t]m9at$ 8 e>?ly c>e]4#ej #ej ,gregory ,watt 0 "o ( ^? philosoph]s to ^: memory ju/ice has n aw>d$ its due4 ,he 0 a meteor1 ^: light no soon] fla%$ ^u u ?an x expir$4 ,8 pap] ^u ! gradual refrig]ation ( ,basalt1 alone entitl$ him to a di/+ui%$ rank among/ exp]im5tali/s4 ,x 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society 9 ,may2 & he expir$ 9 ! foll[+ ,octob]4 ,on ! fir/ impression :i* ?is melan*oly ev5t produc$ ^u 8 feel+s1 ,davy wrote a lett] to 8 fri5d ,clayfield1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract4 ,i sc>cely d>e to write ^u ! subject--,i w\ld fa9 d :at ,hamlet does1 :51 9 awe & horror at ! gho/ ( 8 fa!r1 he attempts to call up ! ludicr\s feel+1 b be+ unable to d s1 he m]ely employs ! words :i* are connect$ ) x4--,i w\ld be gay1 or ,i w\ld write gaily1 9 allud+ to ! loss we h bo? su/a9$1 b ,i feel t x is impossible4 ,poor ,watt6--,he ought n to h di$4 ,i c\ld n p]suade myself t he w\ld die2 & until ! v mom5t :5 ,i 0 assur$ ( 8 fate1 ,i w\ld n believe he 0 9 any dang]4 ,8 lett]s to me1 only ?ree or f\r mon?s ago1 7 full ( _s1 & spoke n ( any infirmity ( body1 b ( an increas$ /r5g? ( m9d4 ,:y is ?is 9 ! ord] ( ,nature1 t !re is su* a diff]5ce 9 ! duration & de/ruction ( h] works8 ,if ! m]e /one decays1 x is to produce a soil :i* is capable ( n\ri%+ ! moss & ! li*52 :5 ! moss & ! li*5 die & decompose1 !y produce a m\ld :i* becomes ! b$ ( life to grass1 & to a m exalt$ species ( vegetables4 ,vegetables are ! food ( animals1--! less p]fect animals ( ! m p]fect2 b 9 man1 ! faculties & intellect are p]fect$1--he rises1 exi/s = a little :ile 9 disease & mis]y1 & !n w\ld seem to disappe>1 )\t an end1 & )\t produc+ any effect4 ,we are deceiv$1 my de> ,clayfield1 if we suppose t ! human be+ :o has =m$ himself = action1 b :o has be5 unable to act1 is lo/ 9 ! mass ( be+3 !re is "s arrangem5t ( ?+s :i* we c nev] compreh5d1 b 9 :i* 8 faculties w be appli$4 ,! cat]pill>1 9 be+ conv]t$ into an in]t scaly mass1 does n appe> to be fitt+ itself = an inhabitant ( air1 & c h no consci\sness ( ! brilliancy ( its future be+4 ,we are ma/]s ( ! e>?1 b p]haps we are ! slaves ( "s great & unkn[n be+s4 ,! fly t we cru% ) our f+]1 or fe$ ) our vi&s1 has no k ( man1 & no consci\sness ( 8 sup]iority4 ,we suppose t we are acqua9t$ ) matt]1 & ) all its elem5ts1 & yet we _c ev5 guess at ! cause ( electricity1 or expla9 ! laws ( ! =mation ( ! /ones :i* fall f meteors4 ,!re may be be+s1--?9k+ be+s1 ne> u1 surr\nd+ u1 :i* we d n p]ceive1 :i* we c nev] imag9e4 ,we "k v little2 b1 9 my op9ion1 we "k en\gh to hope = ! immortality1 ! individual immortality ( ! bett] "p ( man4 ,i h be5 l$ into all ?is speculation1 :i* y may well ?9k wild1 9 reflect+ ^u ! fate ( ,gregory6 my feel+ has giv5 err+ w+s to my m9d4 ,he 0 a noble fell[1 & w\ld h be5 a great man4--,oh6 !re 0 no reason = 8 dy+--he ought n to h di$4 ,bless+s wait on y1 my good fell[6 ,pray rememb] me to ,tob91 &1 if y read ?is lett] to him1 prote/1 ! mom5t he beg9s to argue aga9/ ! immortality ( man6 ,i came ye/]day f ! bord]s ( ,dorset%ire1 :]e ,i h be5 s9ce ,monday1 s$uc$ to travel by a fri5d4 ,i 0 )9 sixty miles ( y1 & saw div]s fair tr\t-/reams3 let ! fi% bew>e ( me1--,i %all be at !m on ,monday4 ,i h includ$ ?is latt] s5t5ce 9 my extract1 z be+ highly *>act]i/ic ( ! writ]4 ,8 passion = angl+ betray$ itself ^u all occasions2 & ! sport 0 alike 8 relief 9 toil1 & 8 solace 9 sorr[4 ,to 8 conv]sation1 z well z to 8 lett]s1 we may aptly apply ! words ( ! ,augu/an poet3-- ,des9it 9 piscem----=mosa sup]ne4 ,:5ev] ,i _h ! hon\r ( d9+ at 8 table1 ! conv]sation1 h[ev] x might h comm5c$1 inv>iably end$ on fi%+2 & :5 a bro!r ( ! angle happ5$ to be pres5t1 y _h ! pleasure ( he>+ all 8 enc\nt]s ) ! f9ny tribe--h[ he _h lur$ !m by 8 trea*]y1 & vanqui%$ !m by 8 p]sev]ance4 ,he w\ld occasionally /rike into a mo/ eloqu5t & impassion$ /ra9 ^u "s subject :i* w>m$ 8 fancy2 su*1 = example1 z ! beauties ( m\nta9 sc5]y2 b be=e y c\ld fully enjoy ! prospect :i* 8 imag9ation _h pictur$1 d[n he c>ri$ y into "s sp>kl+ /ream1 or rapid curr5t1 to fl\nd] = ! next half h\r ) a hook$ salmon6 ,i rememb] witness+1 ^u "o ( ^! occasions1 a v amus+ sc5e1 :i* may be relat$ z illu/rative ( "s peculi>ities ( 8 temp]4 ,i believe all ^? :o h accompani$ ,davy 9 8 fi%+ excursions1 w all[ t no sportsman 0 ev] m ambiti\s to appe> skilful & lucky4 ,no?+ irritat$ him s mu* z to f9d t 8 companions _h caught m fi% ?an himself2 & if1 dur+ conv]sation1 a bro!r fi%]man surpass$ him 9 ! relation ( 8 success1 he betray$ simil> impati5ce4 ,!re happ5$ to be pres5t1 on ! occasion to :i* ,i allude1 a skilful angl]1 & an ent]pris+ *emi/4 ,! latt] comm5c$ on "s subject connect$ ) 8 fav\rite sci5ce2 b ,davy1 :o1 g5]ally speak+1 dislik$ to make x a subject ( conv]sation1 sudd5ly turn$ to ! angl]1 & relat$ :at he consid]$ a v surpris+ in/ance ( 8 success3 8 sport+ fri5d1 h[ev]1 mortifi$ him by ! relation ( a /ill m m>vell\s anecdote2 ^u :i* ,davy z quickly return$ to ! *emi/1 :o1 9 turn1 aga9 s5t him back to ! angl]3--& ?us did he appe> to endure ! unhappy fate ( ! fly+ fi%1 :o no soon] escapes f an enemy 9 ! regions ( air1 ?an he is pursu$ by "o equally rapaci\s 9 ! wat]s4--,b to return to ! ?read ( our hi/ory4 ,9 ref]r+ to ! records ( ! ,in/itution1 x appe>s t 9 ,janu>y #ahje1 ,davy greatly enri*$ ! cab9ets ( ! ,in/itution by a pres5t ( m9]als4 ,! foll[+ are ! ,m9utes ( ! ,committee ^u ?is occasion3 ,janu>y #ba1 #ahje4--,mr4 ,hat*ett report$ t1 9 pursuance ( ! reque/ ( ! ,manag]s1 he _h inspect$ ! m9]als pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,in/itution by ,mr4 ,davy1 & t ! aggregate value 7includ+ ! duplicate specim5s7 appe>s to him to exce$ "o hundr$ gu9eas4 ,janu>y #bh4--,! ,manag]s took into consid]ation ,mr4 ,hat*ett's report at ! la/ meet+1 & resolv$ t ,mr4 ,davy is entitl$ to ! ?anks ( ! ,manag]s = hav+ add$ s valuable a pres5t to ! collection ( m9]als belong+ to ! ,in/itution4 ,on ! #d? ( ,febru>y1 x 0 ,resolv$--,t ,mr4 ,davy be appo9t$ ,director ( ! ,laboratory1 at a sal>y ( "o hundr$ p\nds a-ye>2 by :i* 8 annual income f ! ,in/itution 0 rais$ to f\r hundr$ p\nds4 ,at ?is p]iod he deliv]$ a s]ies ( lectures on ,geology1 or on ! *emical hi/ory ( ! e>?2 to :i* we f9d an allusion 9 ! foll[+ lett]4 ,,to ,,?omas ,,poole1 ,,esq4 ,febru>y1 #ahje4 ,,my ,,de> ,,poole1 ,i ,,am v mu* oblig$ to y = y\r la/ k9d lett]1 & ,i ?ank y mo/ s9c]ely = ! ex]tion ( y\r fri5d%ip at ,ba?4 ,i ?ank y ) v w>m feel+s4 ,i hope y w soon come to t[n2 t y w /ay a long "t2 & t we %all be v mu* toge!r4 ,i paid y\r subscription to ,ar?ur ,"y = ! ,smi?field ,club4 ,pray1 at all times1 comm& me to d any ?+ ,i c = y 9 ,london3--y _c teaze me2 & ?\gh ,i am a v idle fell[1 yet ,i c always "w if ! /imulus be ! desire ( s]v+ su* a fri5d z y\rself4 ,i am giv+ my c\rse ( lectures on ,geology to v cr[d$ audi5ces4 ,i take a great int]e/ 9 ! subject2 & ,i hope ! in=mation giv5 w be useful4 ,!re has be5 no news lately f ,col]idge2 ! la/ acc\nts /ate t he 0 well 9 ! autumn1 & 9 ,sicily4 ,on t poetic gr\nd1 we may hope & tru/ t 8 g5ius w call =? "s new creations1 & t he may br+ back to u "s g>l&s ( nev]-dy+ v]se4 ,i h writt5 to urge him /rongly to give a c\rse ( lectures on ,poetry at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 :]e 8 feel+ w\ld /rongly impress1 & 8 eloqu5ce greatly delight4 ,i am1 my de> ,poole1 mo/ affectionately ,y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,may1 9 ?is ye>1 ,mr4 ,hat*ett report$ to ! ,manag]s ( ! ,in/itution--t ,mr4 ,davy propos$ mak+ a j\rney into ,wales & ,irel& ?is summ]1 hav+ 9 view to collect specim5s = enri*+ ! m9]alogical cab9ets2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x 0 ,resolv$--,t ! sum ( "o hundr$ p\nds be entru/$ to ,mr4 ,davy to pur*ase m9]als1 & to defray ! incid5tal *>ges2 & t ! boy ( ! ,laboratory1 ,william ,reeve1#ea be ord]$ to att5d him on 8 t\r1 & t ! /ew>d be direct$ to defray 8 exp5ses4 #ea ,!re are "s circum/ances ( int]e/ connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ?is "y man4 ,he possess$ mu* *emical tal5t2 b dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,irel& he 0 conv]t$ to ! ,ca?olic religion1 & is at ?is "t a ,ca?olic prie/ 9 "s "p ( ! ,cont95t4 ,f ! foll[+ lett]s1 x w\ld appe> t1 hav+ accompli%$ 8 purpose ( visit+ ,irel&1 he made a rapid j\rney into ,cornwall = ! sake ( see+ 8 "m & si/]s4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,okehampton1 ,septemb] #ahje4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i am accompany+ my fri5d ,mr4 ,b]n>d 9 a t\r ?r\gh ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 & ,i hope we %all rea* ,p5zance 9 two or ?ree days4 ,mr4 ,b]n>d wi%es mu* = ! hon\r ( y\r acqua9tance1 & ,i tru/ y w p]mit me to h ! pleasure ( mak+ y kn[n to him4 ,mu* k9dness & long k ( him1 may h made me p>tial to t g5tleman1 & may p]haps influ5ce me :5 ,i say1 t !re is n a m patriotic1 good1 & public-spirit$ man 9 ,great ,brita94 ,i came f ,irel& by ! we/]n road1 ab\t a =tnight ago4 ,my expectations 7 fully satisfi$ ) ! appe>ances ( ! ,giant's ,causeway4 ,! arrangem5ts ( rocks ( ! ,nor!rn ,cape ( ,irel& appe> to me to pres5t facts equally irreconcilable ^u ei!r ! ,plutonic or ,neptunian !ory2 & ,i am conv9c$ t g5]al fanciful !ories w lose gr\nd 9 proportion z m9ute obs]vations are multipli$4 ,! ,iri% are a noble race1 degrad$ by slav]y1 & be>+ ! insignia ( p]secution1 extreme savag5ess1 or ! l[e/ s]vility2 yet !y are +5i\s & active1 & seem to me to possess all ! elem5ts ( p[] & usefulness2 b among/ ! l[] ord]s !re is a mo/ un=tunate equality1 de/ructive ( all great & effici5t ex]tion2 & among/ ! high] classes ! greate/ degree ( activity is awak5$ only by ! desire ( imitat+ ! ,engli%1 & t n s mu* 9 _! virtues & tal5ts1 z 9 _! luxuries & follies4 ,i he> f all qu>t]s ( ! good effects ( y\r late ex]tions 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,may y\r ef=ts t5d to e/abli% ! reign ( good s5se & pure philosophy1 9 a place :]e !y h be5 too (t5 f\nd to yield to empty s\nds6 ,y\rs1 c4 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,,to ,,?omas ,,poole1 ,,esq4 ,london1 ,oct4 #i1 #ahje4 ,,my ,,de> ,,poole1 ,i ,,made a v rapid j\rney to ,cornwall ) ,mr4 ,b]n>d1 m]ely = ! sake ( %[+ him ! c\ntry1 & = ! purpose ( sp5d+ a week ) my "m & si/]s4 ,we made an ef=t to come to y at ,ne!r ,/[ey1 b ! p at ,bridgewat] w\ld n take u r\nd1 ?r\gh ,/[ey1 to ,taunton1 )\t f\r horses2 & at all ev5ts we c\ld only h sp5t two or ?ree h\rs ) y2 & x is difficult to say :e!r ! pleasure ( meet+1 or ! regret at p>t+ s soon1 w\ld h be5 ! greate/4 ,i long v mu* = ! int]c\rse ( a week ) y4 ,i h v mu* to say ab\t ,irel&4 ,x is an isl& :i* might be made a new & a great c\ntry4 ,x n[ boa/s a f]tile soil1 an +5i\s & robu/ peasantry1 & a ri* ari/ocracy2 b ! bane ( ! nation is ! equality ( pov]ty among/ ! l[] ord]s4 ,all are slaves )\t ! probability ( becom+ free2 !y are 9 ! /ate ( equality :i* ! ,sansculottes wi%$ = 9 ,france2 & until emulation & ri*es1 & ! love ( clo!s & neat h\ses1 are introduc$ among/ !m1 !re w be no p]man5t improvem5t4 ,*anges 9 political in/itutions c at fir/ d little t[>ds s]v+ !m4 ,x mu/ be by alt]+ _! habits1 by diffus+ manufactories1 by de/roy+ middle-m51 by divid+ f>ms1#eb & by promot+ indu/ry by mak+ ! pay proportion$ to ! "w4 ,b ,i ought n to attempt to say any ?+ on ! subject :5 my limits are s n>r[2 ,i hope soon to conv]se ) y ab\t x4 ,i f\nd mu* to int]e/ me 9 geology 9 ,irel&1 & ,i h br\ght away a great deal ( in=mation1 & _m specim5s4 ,i %all n[ be 9 ,london till ,*ri/mas1 ) ! exception ( next week1 :i* ,i am oblig$ to pass 9 ,b$=d%ire4 ,i am1 my de> ,poole1 ,mo/ affectionately y\r's1 ,h4 ,,davy4 #eb ,he means t ! middle-m5 be+ discont9u$1 _! l>ge allotm5ts %\ld be divid$ into f>ms ( conv5i5t ext5t1 ! occupi]s ( :i* %\ld r5t imm$iately f ! own]s ( ! soil4 ,aft] ! ,giant's ,causeway1 ! sc5]y :i* call$ =? ,davy's greate/ admiration 9 ,irel& 0 t ( ,fair-,head4 ,to an en?usia/ic lov] ( ! wild & sublime features ( ,nature1 an object ( great] int]e/ c\ld sc>cely be pres5t$ ?an a va/ promontory1 ! summit ( :i* rises five hundr$ feet above ! sea1 & at ^: base lies a wa/e ( rude & gigantic columns1 swept by ! h& ( ,"t f ! m\nta9 to :i* !y =m]ly belong$4 ,! foll[+ fragm5t1 writt5 by ,davy at ! "t1 has be5 plac$ 9 my h&s by ,mr4 ,gre5\gh4 ----,b *iefly !e1 ,fair-,head6 ,unrivall'd 9 ?y =m & maje/y6 ,= on ?y l(tie/ summit ,i h walk'd ,9 ! bright sun%9e1 :ile b5ea? !e roll'd ,! cl\ds 9 pure/ spl5d\r1 hid+ n[ ,! ,ocean & 8 isl&s--p>t+ n[ ,z if reluctantly3 :il/ full 9 view ,! blue tide wildly roll'd1 skirt$ ) foam1 ,& b\nd$ by ! gre5 & smil+ l&1 ,! dim pale m\nta9s1 & ! purple sky4 ,maje/ic cliff6 ?\ bir? ( unkn[n ,"t1 ,long _h ! bill[s beat !e1 long ! waves ,ru%'d o'er ?y holl['d rocks1 ere life adorn'd ,?y brok5 surface1 ere ! yell[ moss ,_h t9t$ !e1 or ! mild dews ( ,heav5 ,clo!d !e ) v]dure1 or ! eagles made ,?y cave _! ary3 s 9 aft] "t ,long %alt ?\ re/ unalt]'d mid ! wreck ,( all ! might9ess ( human works2 ,= n ! lightn+ nor ! :irlw9d's =ce1 ,nor all ! waves ( ocean1 %all prevail ,aga9/ ?y giant /r5g?--& ?\ %alt /& ,till ! ,almighty voice :i* bade !e rise ,%all bid !e fall4 ,among/ ,davy's lett]s to ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 9 ! ye>s #ahjd & #ahje1 ,i f9d sev]al ^u ! subject ( ! ela/ic =ce ( /eam1 at diff]5t temp]atures1 ) ref]5ce to ,mr4 ,trevi!ck's improvem5ts 9 ! /eam-eng9e2 9 "o ( :i* he says1 ,i %all be extremely happy to he> ( ! results ( y\r enquiries1 & ,i hope y w n conf9e !m to y\r fri5ds1 b make !m public4 ,:5ev] speculative leads to practical discov]y1 x ought to be well rememb]$1 & g5]ally kn[n3 "o ( ! mo/ common argum5ts aga9/ ! philosophical ex]cise ( ! und]/&+ is1 ,cui bono8 ,x is an absurd argum5t1 & e fact aga9/ x ought to be c>efully regi/]$4 ,trevi!ck's eng9e w n be =gott52 b x ought to be kn[n & rememb]$ t y\r reason+s & ma!matical enquiries l$ to ! discov]y4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,febru>y #ahje1 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society1 & publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( t ye>1 a pap] entitl$1 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s analytical ,exp]im5ts on a m9]al production f ,devon%ire1 consi/+ pr9cipally ( ,alum9a & ,wat]2 by ,humphry ,davy1 c4 ,?is m9]al 0 fir/ discov]$ by ,dr4 ,wavel1 9 small ve9s & cavities1 9 a t5d] argillace\s slate1 ne> ,b>n/aple 9 ,devon%ire4 ,at fir/ x 0 consid]$ z a species ( ,zeolite1 until ,mr4 ,hat*ett conclud$1 f its geological position1 t x did n belong to t family ( m9]als4 ,dr4 ,bab+ton subsequ5tly suspect$ f its physical *>act]s1 & f "s ( its habitudes ) acids1 t x 0 a m9]al n be=e describ$1 & accord+ly plac$ a quantity ( x 9 ,davy's h&s = analysis2 :o1 on f9d+ 9 its composition little m ?an clay & wat]1 propos$ to *ange ! "n ( ,wavellite = t ( ,hydr>gyllite1 z bett] expressive ( its *emical nature4 ,he h[ev]1 at ! same "t1 alludes to traces ( an acid :i* he 0 unable to id5tify4 ,9 a lett] to ,mr4 ,ni*olson1 dat$ ,kill>ney1 ,june #ae1 #ahjf1 & :i* 0 aft]w>ds publi%$ 9 8 ,j\rnal1 ,davy ref]s to ?is fact 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i ,,%all feel mu* oblig$ to y to m5tion t ,i h f\nd ! acid :i* exi/s 9 m9ute quantities 9 ,wavellite to be ! ,fluoric acid1 9 su* a peculi> /ate ( comb9ation z n to be r5d]$ s5sible by sulphuric acid4 ,i am1 c4 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,my late fri5d ! ,rev]5d ,william ,gregor1 hav+ f\nd ! ,wavellite at ,/5na ,gwynn1 9 ,cornwall1 submitt$ x to exp]im5t1 & ! result c]ta9ly e/abli%$ ! conclusion ( ! pres5ce ( fluoric acid1 ?\gh n r5d]$ app>5t by ! usual te/s4 ,! facts 7 transmitt$ to ! ,royal ,society1 & publi%$ 9 a pap] entitl$1 ,on a m9]al ,sub/ance1 =m]ly suppos$ to be ,zeolite2 by ! ,rev]5d ,william ,gregor4 ,! subsequ5t exp]im5ts ( ,b]zelius1 h[ev]1 cle>$ away ! obscurity 9 :i* ! subject 0 /ill involv$4 ,he %[$ t ?is m9]al n only conta9$ 9 its composition a small portion ( ! neutral fluate ( alum9a1 b he demon/rat$ ! pres5ce ( a sub-phosphate ( t e>?1 to no inconsid]able an am\nt4 ,mu* has be5 said ( ! error committ$ on ?is occasion by ,davy1 9 ov]look+ ?irty-?ree p] c5t4 ( phosphoric acid2 b ! phosphate ( alum9a is a body t might v easily h escap$ notice at a p]iod :5 m9]al analysis 0 9 a f> less advanc$ /ate ?an x is at pres5t4 ,on ! #af? ( ,may #ahje1 ,davy communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society a pap] ,on ! me?od ( analyz+ ,/ones conta9+ a fix$ ,alkali1 by means ( ! ,boracic ,acid4 ,?is me?od 0 f\nd$ ^u two important facts3 fir/1 on ! consid]able attraction ( boracic acid = ! diff]5t simple e>?s at ! heat ( ignition2 &1 secondly1 on ! facility ) :i* ! comp\nds s =m$ are decompos$ by ! m9]al acids4 ,! processes are extremely simple1 & ! me?od mu/ be consid]$ z hav+ advanc$ ! art ( m9]al analysis4 ,= ?is & 8 prec$+ pap]s1 ! ,presid5t & ,c\ncil ( ! ,royal ,society adjudg$ to him _! ,copley m$al4 ,9 #ahjf1 ,mr4 ,poole1 hav+ consult$ ,davy on ! subject ( a ,m9e occurr+ ne> ,ne!r ,/[y1 receiv$ f him ! foll[+ lett]1 :i* is int]e/+ f ! political op9ions x displays4 ,,to ,,?omas ,,poole1 ,,esq4 ,,my ,,de> ,,poole1 ,:at y h writt5 conc]n+ ! indiff]5ce ( m5 ) reg>d to ! int]e/ ( ! species 9 future ages1 is p]fectly j & philosophical2 b ! greate/ mis=tune is1 t m5 d n att5d ev5 to _! own int]e/1 & to ! int]e/ ( _! own age 9 public matt]s4 ,!y ?9k 9 mom5ts1 in/ead ( ?9k+1 z !y ought to d1 9 ye>s2 & !y are guid$ by exp$i5cy r ?an by reason4 ,! true political maxim is1 t ! good ( ! :ole community is ! good ( e individual2 b h[ few /atesm5 h ev] be5 guid$ by ?is pr9ciple6 ,9 almo/ all gov]nm5ts1 ! plan has be5 to sacrifice "o "p ( ! community to o!r p>ts3--sometimes1 ! p to ! ari/ocracy2 at o!r times1 ! ari/ocracy to ! p2--sometimes1 ! ,colonies to ! ,"m-c\ntry2 & at o!r times1 ! ,"m-c\ntry to ! ,colonies4 ,a g5]\s enlight5$ policy has nev] exi/$ 9 ,europe s9ce ! days ( ,alfr$2 & :at has be5 call$ ! balance ( p[]--! support ( civilization1--has be5 produc$ only by jeal\sy1 envy1 bitt]ness1 conte/1 & et]nal w>1 ei!r c>ri$ on by p5s or cannon1 de/roy+ m5 morally & physically6 ,b if ,i proce$ 9 vague political declamation1 ,i %all h no room left = ! ma9 object ( my lett]--y\r ,m9e4 ,i wi% x _h be5 9 my p[] to write decid$ly on ! subject2 b y\r c\nty is a peculi> "o3 su* indications w\ld be highly fav\rable 9 ,cornwall2 b 9 a %ell-lime/one ( late =mation1 !re h z yet be5 no in/ances ( great copp] m9es4 ,i hope1 h[ev]1 t y\r m9e w produce a ri* /ore ( facts4 ,m9]s f ,al/on ,moor1 or f ,d]by%ire1 w\ld und]/& y\r c\ntry bett] ?an ,corni% m9]s1 = ! ,corni% %ifts are :olly diff]5t f y\rs4 ,x w\ld be well = y to h "s workm5 at lea/ f ! ,nor?1 z !y are well acqua9t$ ) %ell-lime/one4 ,! ,ecton copp] m9e 9 ,/af=d%ire is 9 ?is rock3 x w\ld be "r = y to get a plan & a hi/ory ( t m9e1 :i* might possibly assi/ y\r views4 ,_h ,i be5 ri*1 ,i w\ld adv5ture2 b ,i am j go+ to emb>k ) all ! little money ,i h be5 able to save = a sci5tific exp$ition to ,norway1 ,lapl&1 & ,sw$54 ,9 all climes1 ,i %all be y\r w>m & s9c]e fri5d1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,on ! dea? ( ,dr4 ,edw>d ,:itak] ,gray1 ,secret>y ( ! ,royal ,society1 ,davy 0 elect$ into t (fice1 at an extraord9>y meet+ ( ! ,society1 on ! #bbnd ( ,janu>y #ahjg2 & at ! same "t he 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,we are n[ advanc+ to t brilliant p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( our philosoph]1 at :i* he effect$ ^? gr& discov]ies 9 sci5ce1 :i* w transmit 8 "n to po/]ity1 associat$ ) ^? ( ,newton1 ,bacon1 ,locke1 & ! great ma/]-spirits ( e age & c\ntry3--,i speak ( 8 developem5t ( ! ,,laws ,,( ,,voltaic ,,electricity4 ,i approa* ! subject ) t diffid5ce :i* ! contemplation ( mighty a*ievem5ts mu/ ev] produce 9 ! m9d ( ! hi/orian1 :5 he comp>es ! ext5t & magnitude ( 8 subject ) ! limit$ & feeble p[]s :i* are to describe !m4 ,z ! advantages af=d$ by ! hi/ory ( any great discov]y consi/ z mu* 9 exhibit+1 /ep by /ep1 ! intellectual op]ations by :i* x 0 accompli%$1 z 9 detail+ its nature & applications1 or 9 exam9+ its relations ) previ\sly e/abli%$ tru?s2 s %all ,i be unable to pres]ve a *ronological succession 9 ! exam9ation ( ^? sev]al memoirs :i* he pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society1 )\t break+ asund] t f9e intellectual ?read1 by :i* 8 m9d 0 conduct$ ?r\gh ! intricate pa?s ( nature f kn[n to unkn[n ph5om5a4 ,= ?is reason1 al?\gh ,i ann\nc$1 accord+ to ! date ( its publication1 ! subject ( 8 fir/ pap] on electricity1 ,i def]r$ ent]+ ^u its exam9ation1 until ,i might be able to br+ into "o un9t]rupt$ view ! :ole enquiry1 9 all its bran*es & be>+s4 ,x is impossible to ent] ^u ! subject ( galvanism1 or ,voltaic electricity1 )\t recurr+ to ! circum/ance :i* fir/ betray$ ! exi/5ce ( su* an en]gy 9 nature1 & to ! sangu9e expectations :i* ! discov]y s naturally excit$4 ,on witness+ ! p[]ful contraction ( a muscul> fibre by ! m]e contact ( c]ta9 metals1 x 0 rational to conclude1 t ! nature & op]ation ( ! my/]i\s p[] ( vital irritability might1 at l5g?1 be discov]$ by a new tra9 ( sci5tific rese>*4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t an exp]im5t s full ( promise to ! physiologi/ %\ld h hi!rto fail$ 9 af=d+ him any assi/ance 9 8 inve/igations2 :ile ! *emi/1 to :om x did n1 at fir/1 appe> to (f] any "o s+le po9t ( int]e/1 has d]iv$ f x a new & highly important in/rum5t ( rese>*1 :i* has already1 "u ! guidance ( ,davy1 multipli$ discov]ies ) su* rapidity1 & to su* an ext5t1 t x is n ev5 possible to anticipate ! limits ( its p[]4 ,we h "h1 !n1 ano!r /rik+ in/ance ( a great effect produc$ by means app>5tly insignificant4 ,:o c\ld h imag9$ x possible1 t ! spasmodic action occasion$ 9 ! limb ( a frog1 by ! accid5tal contact ( a pair ( scissors1 %\ld h become ! means ( *ang+ ! :ole !ory ( *emi/ry--( discov]+ sub/ances1 ^: v exi/5ce 0 nev] suspect$--( expla9+ ! anomal\s associations ( m9]al bodies 9 ! ve9s ( ! e>?--( protect+ surfaces ( metal f ! corrosive action ( ! elem5ts--( elucidat+ ! !ories ( volcanoes & e>?quakes--&1 may we n add8 ( lead+ ! way to a k ( ! laws ( t]re/rial magnetism6 ,su* an unexpect$ ext5sion ( an app>5tly useless fact %\ld dispose u to ent]ta9 a k9d] reg>d = ! lab\rs ( "o ano!r1 & tea* u to judge ) diffid5ce ( ! ab/ract results ( sci5ce4 ,a discov]y :i* may appe> incapable ( useful application to-day1 may be our glory to-morr[1--x may ev5 *ange ! face ( empires1 & wield ! de/9y ( nations4 ,! conic sections ( ,apollonius ,p]gu rema9$ useless = two ?\s& ye>s3 :o c\ld h suppos$ t1 aft] ! lapse ( tw5ty c5turies1 !y w\ld h =m$ ! basis ( a/ronomy8--a sci5ce giv+ to navigation safety1 guid+ ! pilot ?r\gh unkn[n seas1 & trac+ = him 9 ! heav5s an un]r+ pa? to 8 native %ores4 ,"s apology may be necess>y = ?is digression2 b1 ,i confess1 ! subject has always appe>$ to me to be capable ( mu* int]e/+ illu/ration1 & ,i he>tily concur 9 ! op9ion express$ by ! accompli%$ au?or ( ,lettres ,sophie--,l',hi/oire des gr&s effets p> les petites causes f]ait un livre bi5 curieux4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,galvanism divid$ into six gr& ,epo*s4--,davy ext5ds ! exp]im5t ( ,ni*olson & ,c>lisle4--,8 ,pile ( "o metal & two fluids4--,dr4 ,wolla/on advocates ! doctr9e ( oxidation be+ ! prim>y cause ( ,voltaic ,ph5om5a4--,davy's modification ( t !ory4--,8 ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjf4--;,he discov]s ! s\rces ( ! ,acid & ,alkal9e matt] elim9at$ f wat] by ,voltaic action4--,on ! nature ( ,electrical decomposition & transf]4--,on ! relations betwe5 ! ,electrical en]gies ( bodies1 & _! ,*emical ,aff9ities4--,g5]al developem5t ( ! ,electro-*emical ,laws4--,illu/rations1 ,applications1 & ,conclusions4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,galvanism may be divid$ into six gr& epo*s2 ea* be+ di/+ui%$ by ! discov]y ( facts v>i\sly int]e/+ f _! novelty1 & f ! ext5t & importance ( _! applications4 ,x _c be expect$ t ,i %\ld ent] into a m9ute hi/ory ( ! sci5ce2 su* a lab\r w\ld require a di/9ct "w = its accompli%m5t4 ,i %all !re=e foll[ ! plan ( ! ar*itect1 :o1 9 pres5t+ a f9i%$ draw+ ( a "p1 sket*es a fa9t outl9e ( ! :ole edifice to :i* x belongs1 9 ord] t its fair proportions may appe> 9 prop] bread? & relief4 ,! ,,fir/ ,,epo* may be consid]$ z aris+ out ( ! fundam5tal fact discov]$ by ,galvani 9 #agij--t ! contact ( two diff]5t metals ) ! n]ve ( a rec5tly kill$ frog w excite di/9ct muscul> contractions4 ,,! ,,second ,,epo* may be dat$ f ! discov]y ( :at might be t]m$ ,organic ,galvanism1 or ! production ( its influ5ce1 )\t ! pres5ce ( animal organs1 by ! peculi> action ( metals ^u wat]1 z fir/ obs]v$ by ,dr4 ,a%4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,epo* w long be celebrat$ on acc\nt ( ! discov]y ( ! accumulation ( ! ,galvanic p[]1 by ! inv5tion ( ! pile ( ,volta1 made kn[n 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! pres5t c5tury1 & :i* s di/9ctly exhibit$ ! analogy betwe5 ,galvanism & ,electricity1 t ! en]gy ?us excit$ is n[ g5]ally spok5 ( z ,voltaic ,electricity4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,epo* may be consid]$ z f\nd$ ^u ! k ( ! g5]al connexion betwe5 ! excitem5t ( ,voltaic electricity & *emical *anges4 ,,! ,,fif? ,,epo* is exclusively indebt$ = its orig9 to ,davy--! e/abli%m5t ( ! g5]al law1 t ,galvanism decomposes all comp\nd bodies1 & t ! decomposition takes place 9 a c]ta9 det]m9ate mann]4 ,,! ,,six? ,,& ,,la/ ,,epo* is f\nd$ ^u ! discov]y ( ! relations subsi/+ betwe5 electricity & magnetism2 giv+ orig9 to a new bran* ( sci5ce1 :i* has be5 di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,,electro-,,magnetism4 ,galvani1#ec f ! mom5t ( 8 fir/ discov]y1 always ref]r$ ! effects he produc$ to an electrical orig92 b he consid]$ t ! metals employ$ m]ely act$ z conductors1 :i* effect$ a communication betwe5 ! diff]5t p>ts ( an animal1 naturally1 or by "s process ( nature1 9 opposite /ates ( electricity1 & t ! muscul> contractions took place dur+ ! re/oration ( ! equilibrium4 #ec ,! simple fact relat+ to ! action ( metals on ! animal organs 0 c]ta9ly n fir/ obs]v$ by ,galvani1 b by ,sulz]1 :o has describ$ ! s5sation ( ta/e produc$ by ! contact ( lead & silv] ) ! tongue1 9 8 ,?orie des ,plaisirs1 9 #agfg4 ,until ! rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,a%1#ed ,ritt]1 ,fabroni1 & ,creve1 _h be5 made kn[n1 ! ,galvanic influ5ce 0 g5]ally consid]$ z exi/+ only 9 ! liv+ organs ( animals1 f :i* x might be elicit$ by c]ta9 processes4 #ed ,m4 ,humboldt 7,ueb] die g]eize ,fas]1 l4 #dgc1 #agig17 quotes "p ( a lett] f ,dr4 ,a%1 9 :i* x is said t1 if two f9ely poli%$ plates ( homog5e\s z9c be moi/5$ & laid toge!r1 little effect foll[s2 b if z9c & silv] be tri$ 9 ! same way1 ! :ole surface ( ! silv] w be cov]$ ) oxidat$ z9c4 ,lead & quicksilv] act z p[]fully ^u ea* o!r1 & s d iron & copp]4 ,m4 ,humboldt says1 t1 9 repeat+ ?is exp]im5t1 he saw air bubbles asc5d1 :i* he supposes to h be5 hydrog5 gas f ! decomposition ( wat]4 ,9 ! ,bak]ian ,lecture#ee read be=e ! ,royal ,society 9 #ahbf1 ,davy1 9 giv+ a retrospective view ( ! progress ( ,electro-*emical ,sci5ce1 v ju/ly rem>ks1 t ! true orig9 ( all t has be5 done 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( philosophy 0 ! accid5tal discov]y ( ,ni*olson & ,c>lisle1 ( ! decomposition ( wat] by ! pile ( ,volta1 on ! #cj? ( ,april1 9 ! ye> #ahjj2 :i* 0 imm$iately foll[$ by t ( ! decomposition ( c]ta9 metallic solutions1 & by ! obs]vation ( ! sep>ation ( alkali on ! negative plates ( ! app>atus4 ,mr4 ,cruick%ank1 9 pursu+ ^! exp]im5ts1 obta9$ _m new & important results1 su* z ! decomposition ( ! muriates ( magnesia1 soda1 & ammonia2 & also obs]v$ ! fact1 t alkal9e matt] always appe>$ at ! negative1 & acid matt] at ! positive pole4#ef #ee ,z ?is lecture w be frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ! progress ( ^! ,memoirs1 9 connexion ) mo/ important discov]ies1 x may be int]e/+ to ! read] to le>n some?+ ( its f\ndation & design4 ,i h !re=e collect$ ! necess>y in=mation f ! ,m9utes ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,mr4 ,bak] is well kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( ,sci5ce1 z an accurate obs]v] ) ! microscope1 & z ! au?or ( sev]al works on ! subject4 ,by 8 w1 dat$ ,july #agfc1 he bequea!d ! sum ( "o hundr$ p\nds1 ! int]e/ ( :i* he direct$ to be appli$ = an ,oration or ,disc\rse1 to be read or spok5 ye>ly by "s "o ( ! ,fell[s ( ! ,royal ,society1 on su* p>ts ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 or ,exp]im5tal ,philosophy1 at su* "t1 & 9 su* mann]1 z ! ,presid5t & ,c\ncil ( ! said ,society %all please to ord] & appo9t2 on condition1 nev]!less1 t if any "o ye> %all pass aft] ! paym5t ( ! said hundr$ p\nds1 )\t su* oration or disc\rse hav+ be5 read or spok5 at "s ,meet+ ( ! said ,royal ,society1 ! said hundr$ p\nds %all !n become =feit$1 & %all be repaid by ! said ,society to 8 executors1 c4 ,bak] di$ 9 ,novemb] #aggd1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> a ,fell[ 0 nom9at$ to read ! lecture4 ,x is a :imsical circum/ance1 t ! fir/ lectur] %\ld h be5 ,,pet] ,,w\lfe1 ! la/ ( ! al*emi/s4 ,! names ( ! successive lectur]s 7 z foll[3--,dr4 ,+5h\z1 ,mr4 ,cavallo1 ,mr4 ,v9ce1 ,dr4 ,wolla/on1 ,dr4 ,"y1 ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 ,mr4 ,br&e1 ,capta9 ,kat]1 ,capta9 ,edw>d ,sab9e1 & ,mr4 ,h]s*el4 #ef ,ni*olson's ,j\rnal1 vol4 iv4 p4 #aij4 ,no soon] _h ,davy become acqua9t$ ) ! curi\s exp]im5ts ( ,ni*olson & ,c>lisle1 ?an1 z we le>n f 8 lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t1#eg be>+ ! date ( ,july #ahjj1 he proce$$ to repeat !m4 ,inde$1 x 0 ! e>ly habit ( 8 m9d n only to orig9ate enquiries1 b )\t delay to exam9e ! novel results ( o!r philosoph]s2 & 9 num]\s in/ances x w\ld seem1 t he only requir$ to confirm _! accuracy be=e he succe$$ 9 r5d]+ ! application ( !m subs]vi5t to f>!r discov]y4 ,?is 0 c]ta9ly ! case ) respect to ! subject be=e u3 he 0 a discov]] z soon z he became an enquir]4 ,x is admirable to obs]ve ) :at a quick p]ception he discov]$ ! v>i\s be>+s ( a new fact1 & ) :at +5uity he appropriat$ x = ! explanation ( previ\sly obscure ph5om5a4 ,9 ref]r+ to ! ,additional ,obs]vations app5d$ to 8 ,*emical ,rese>*es1 we %all f9d t ! mom5t he became acqua9t$ ) ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,a%1 he proce$$ to enquire h[ f> ! fact1 previ\sly notic$ by himself1 ( ! conv]sion ( nitr\s gas into nitr\s oxide1 by exposure to wett$ z9c1 might dep5d ^u galvanic action4 #eg ,see page #he4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,septemb] #ahjj1 he publi%$ 8 fir/ pap] on ! subject ( ,galvanic ,electricity1 9 ,ni*olson's ,j\rnal1 :i* 0 foll[$ by six o!rs1 9 :i* he s f> ext5d$ ! orig9al exp]im5t ( ,ni*olson & ,c>lisle1 z to %[ t oxyg5 & hydrog5 might be evolv$ f sep>ate portions ( wat]1 ?\gh vegetable & ev5 animal sub/ances int]v5$2 & conceiv+ t all decompositions might be pol>1 he electriz$ diff]5t comp\nds at ! diff]5t extremities1 & f\nd t sulphur & metallic bodies appe>$ at ! negative pole1 & oxyg5 & azote at ! positive pole1 ?\gh ! bodies furni%+ !m 7 sep>at$ f ea* o!r4 ,"h 0 ! dawn ( ! ,electro-*emical !ory4 ,9 a lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 already pr9t$ 9 ^! ,memoirs1#eh he ann\nc$ 8 op9ion t ,galvanism is a process pr9cipally *emical2 & 9 a subsequ5t communication#ei to ! same g5tleman1 writt5 on ! eve ( 8 dep>ture f ,bri/ol to ! ,royal ,in/itution1 we discov] a f>!r developem5t ( ! same !ory1 :i*1 al?\gh modifi$ by future rese>*es1 became1 z we %all h]eaft] f9d1 mat]ially in/rum5tal 9 e/abli%+ ju/] views ( ! nature ( ,voltaic action4 #eh ,see page #aaj4 #ei ,page #aah4 ,z soon z x 0 discov]$ t galvanic p[] might be excit$ by ! contact ( metals1 )\t ! int]position ( animal organs1 x 0 imag9$ t ! electricity 0 set 9 motion by ! contact ( bodies possess+ diff]5t conduct+ p[]s1 )\t any ref]5ce to ! *emical action :i* accompani$ ! process4 ,?is !ory 0 naturally sugge/$ by ! fact discov]$ by ,mr4 ,b5nett sev]al ye>s be=e--t electricity is excit$ by ! m]e contact ( diff]5t metals3 ?us1 :5 a plate ( copp] & ano!r ( z9c1 ea* furni%$ ) an insulat+ glass h&le1 are made to t\* by _! flat surfaces1 ! z9c1 aft] sep>ation1 exhibits positive1 & ! copp] negative electricity4 ,9 ?is case1 x is fair to conclude t a c]ta9 quantity ( electricity _h mov$ f ! copp] to ! z9c4 ,on try+ o!r metals1 ,volta f\nd t simil> ph5om5a arose2 f :i* prop]ty su* bodies h be5 d5om9at$ motors ( electricity1 & ! process :i* takes place electro-motion3 t]ms :i* h s9ce be5 sanction$ & adopt$ by ,davy4 ,x is on ?is transf]5ce ( electricity f "o surface to ano!r1 by simple contact1 t ,volta expla9s ! action ( ! pile inv5t$ by himself1 z well z t ( all simil> arrangem5ts4 ,! int]pos$ fluids1 on ?is hypo!sis1 h no effect z *emical ag5ts1 9 produc+ ! ph5om5a2 !y m]ely act z conductors ( ! electricity4 ,we h se5 h[ e>ly ,davy _h obs]v$ ! intimate connexion subsi/+ betwe5 ! electrical effect1 & ! *emical *anges go+ on 9 ! pile1 & t he accord+ly drew ! conclusion ( ! dep5d5ce ( ! "o ^u ! o!r4 ,9 fact1 ! mo/ p[]ful ,voltaic comb9ations are ^? =m$ by sub/ances t act *emically ^u ea* o!r ) ! greate/ en]gy2 :ile su* z und]go no *emical *ange exhibit no electrical p[]s3 ?us z9c1 copp]1 & nitric acid =m a p[]ful batt]y2 :il/ silv]1 gold1 & wat]1 :i* d n act ^u ea* o!r1 produce no s5sible effect 9 a s]ies ( ! same numb]4 ,al?\gh1 9 ?is obscure region ( rese>*1 we are z yet unable to discov] ! nature ( ! p[] by :i* electricity is accumulat$1 x 0 a consid]able /ep t[>ds a true !ory to h asc]ta9$ ! insuffici5cy ( ! proposition t _h be5 (f]$ 9 explanation ( ! ph5om5a4 ,an inve/igation into ! *emical activity ( ! pile l$ ,davy to ! discov]y ( a new s]ies ( facts1 to :i* we f9d an allusion 9 8 =m] lett]s to ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 & :i* subsequ5tly =m$ ! basis ( 8 fir/ communication read be=e ! ,royal ,society on ! #ah? ( ,june 9 ! same ye>4 ,all ! comb9ations analog\s to ! ,voltaic pile _h hi!rto consi/$ ( a s]ies conta9+1 at lea/1 two metallic bodies1 7or "o metal & *>coal17 & a /ratum ( fluid4 ,davy discov]$ t an accumulation ( galvanic en]gy1 exactly simil> to t 9 ! common pile1 might be produc$ by ! arrangem5t ( s+le metallic plates ) diff]5t /rata ( fluids2 s t1 in/ead ( compos+ a batt]y ) two metals & "o fluid1 he succe$$ 9 con/ruct+ x ) "o metal & two fluids2 provid$ always t oxidation1 or "s equival5t *emical *ange1 %\ld proce$ on "o ( ! metallic surfaces only4 ,9 describ+ ^! comb9ations ( a s+le metal ) two fluids1 he divides !m into ?ree classes1 foll[+ 9 ! arrangem5t ! ord] ( "t ) reg>d to _! discov]y4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,class1 "o side ( ! metallic plate is oxidat$2 9 ! ,second1 a sulphuret is =m$ on "o ( its surfaces2 & 9 ! ,?ird1 bo? sides are act$ ^u1 ! metal becom+ a sulphuret on "o ( its surfaces1 & an oxide on ! o!r4 ,! app>atus :i* he employ$ = ^! exp]im5ts is pres]v$ 9 ! laboratory ( ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,x consi/s ( a tr\gh1 conta9+ grooves capable ( receiv+ ! edges ( ! diff]5t plates necess>y = ! arrangem5t1 "o half ( :i* are compos$ ( horn1 ! o!r half ( "s "o metal4 ,:5 ! app>atus 0 us$1 ! cells 7 fill$1 9 ! galvanic ord]1 ) ! diff]5t solutions1 accord+ to ! class ( ! comb9ation1 & connect$ 9 pairs ) ea* o!r by slips ( moi/5$ clo? c>ri$ ov] ! non-conduct+ plates4 ,at ! meet+ ( ! ,royal ,society1 foll[+ t on :i* ! above int]e/+ facts 7 communicat$1 ,dr4 ,wolla/on pres5t$ a memoir ( consid]able importance1 entitl$1 ,exp]im5ts on ! ,*emical ,production & ag5cy ( ,electricity2 9 :i* he /rongly advocates ! tru? ( t !ory :i* recognises metallic oxidation z ! prim>y cause ( ! ,voltaic ph5om5a4 ,?is pap] is also f>!r important z x proves1 by mo/ +5i\sly devis$ exp]im5ts1 n only ! simil>ity ( ! means by :i* bo? common & galvanic electricity are excit$1 b also ! resemblance exi/+ betwe5 _! effects2 %[+1 9 fact1 t !y are bo? ess5tially ! same1 & confirm+ ! op9ion1 t all ! app>5t diff]5ces may dep5d ^u diff]5ces 9 int5sity & quantity4 ,act+ ^u ?is pr9ciple1 ,dr4 ,wolla/on succe$$ 9 produc+ a v close imitation ( ! *emical action ( galvanism by common electricity2 su*1 = example1 z ! decomposition ( wat]1 & o!r effects ( oxidation & deoxidation4#fj ,9 ! prosecution ( ?is tra9 ( rese>*1 he displays1 9 a v /rik+ mann]1 t att5tion to m9ute arrangem5t :i* s rem>kably *>act]is$ all 8 manipulations4 ,i p>ticul>ly allude to ! exp$i5ts by :i* he r$uc$ ! extremity ( a gold wire1 9 ord] to apportion ! /r5g? ( ! electric *>ge to ! quantity ( wat] submitt$ to its influ5ce4 #fj ,m4 ,bonijol ( ,g5eva has lately succe$$ 9 effect+ ! decomposition ( ,pota% & ! ,*loride ( ,silv] by ord9>y electricity4 ,8 process consi/s 9 plac+ ^! sub/ances 9 a v n>r[ glass tube1 & 9 !n pass+ a s]ies ( electric sp>ks f ! ord9>y ma*9e ?r\gh !m4 ,! electricity 0 conduct$ into ! tube by means ( two metallic wires fix$ into ! ends4 ,:5 a quick succession ( electric sp>ks _h tak5 place = ab\t five or t5 m9utes1 ! tube conta9+ *loride ( silv] 0 f\nd to conta9 r$uc$ silv]2 & :5 pota% _h be5 submitt$ to ! electric curr5t1 !n ! ,potassium 0 se5 to take fire z x 0 produc$4 ,! same philosoph] has likewise contriv$ to decompose wat] by atmosph]ic electricity4 ,! electricity1 9 ?is case1 is collect$ f ! atmosph]e by means ( a v f9e po9t fix$ at ! extremity ( an insulat$ rod2 ! latt] is connect$ ) ! app>atus1 9 :i* ! wat] is to be decompos$1 by a metallic wire1 ( :i* ! diamet] does n exce$ #a-ej? ( an in*4 ,9 ?is way ! decomposition ( ! wat] proce$s 9 a cont9u\s & rapid mann]1 al?\gh ! atmosph]ic electricity be n /rong4 ,/ormy wea!r1 x is said1 is q suffici5t = ! purpose4--,bib4 ,univ]s4 #ahcj1 p4 #bac4 & ,royal ,in/itution ,j\rnal1 ,no4 #b4 ,al?\gh x is n[ v g5]ally admitt$1 t ! *emical ag5cy ( ! fluids ^u ! metals employ$ is highly ess5tial to ! ma9t5ance ( ,voltaic action1 !re /ill rema9s consid]able d\bt z to h[ f> we are entitl$ to reg>d x z ! fir/ 9 ! ord] ( ph5om5a4 ,at a lat] p]iod ( 8 rese>*es1 ,davy sugge/$ z a correction1 or r modification1 ( ! !ory ( ,volta1 t ! electro-motion produc$ by ! contact ( ! metals might be ! prim>y cause ( ! *emical *anges2 & t su* *anges 7 9 no o!r way effici5t1 ?an 9 re/or+ ! electric equilibrium ?us di/urb$3 x 0 f>!r held1 t ?is equilibrium c\ld n be p]man5t1 t x c\ld 9 fact be only mom5t>y2 s9ce1 9 consequ5ce ( ! imp]fect conduct+ p[] ( ! int]pos$ fluid1 ! z9c & copp]-plates1 by _! electro-motive p[]1 w\ld aga9 assume _! opposite /ates ( electricity2 & t ^! alt]nate *anges w\ld occur1 z long z any ( ! fluid rema9$ undecompos$4 ,9 a ,voltaic arrangem5t1 !n1 !re w\ld appe> to exi/1 if ! expression may be all[$1 a k9d ( electrical seesaw2 ! apposition ( ! metals de/roy+ ! equilibrium1 & ! result+ *emical *anges aga9 re/or+ x4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 v ju/ly obs]v$1 t ! application ( electricity1 z an in/rum5t ( *emical decomposition1 has mo/ =tunately no connexion ) su* !ories1 & t ! /udy ( its effects may be c>ri$ on )\t ref]5ce to any hypo!tical notions conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! ph5om5a4 ,an int]val ( ne>ly five ye>s _h elaps$ betwe5 ! fir/ communication :i* ,davy made on ?is subject1 & ! ,bak]ian lecture :i* is imm$iately to be consid]$4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod sev]al new facts _h be5 add$ by diff]5t exp]im5tali/s1 b !y 7 scatt]$1 disjo9t$1 & totally unconnect$ ) ea* o!r by any rational analogies4 ,! con/ant appe>ance ( acid & alkal9e matt] 9 pure wat]1 :5 submitt$ to ! influ5ce ( ! ,voltaic pile1 gave rise to ! mo/ extravagant speculations & discordant hypo!ses4 ,v>i\s /atem5ts 7 made1 bo? 9 ,italy & ,engl&1 respect+ ! g5]ation ( muriatic acid1 & t ( ! fix$ alkalies1 "u ^! circum/ances4 ,mr4 ,sylve/] affirm$1 t if two sep>ate portions ( wat] 7 electris$ out ( ! contact ( sub/ances conta9+ alkal9e or acid matt]1 acid & alkali w\ld1 nev]!less1 be produc$4 ,"s philosoph]s s\ght to expla9 ! ph5om5on f ! salts conta9$ 9 ! fluids ( ! tr\gh1 :i* !y imag9$ might1 by "s unsuspect$ *annel1 f9d _! way into ! wat] "u exam9ation4 ,o!rs believ$ t !y 7 actually g5]at$ by ! union ( ! electric fluid ) ! wat]1 or ) "o or bo? ( its elem5ts2 s t1 up to ! "t ( ,davy's ma/]ly rese>*es1 ! subject 0 involv$ 9 ! greate/ obscurity2 & :e!r ! sal9e matt] 0 lib]at$ f unkn[n comb9ations1 or at once =m$ by ! union ( its elem5ts1 0 a "q ^u :i* ! greate/ *emi/s ent]ta9$ diff]5t op9ions4 ,! ,bak]ian ,lecture1 read be=e ! ,royal ,society on ! #bj? ( ,novemb] #ahjf1 n only set ?is "q = ev] at re/1 b unfold$ ! my/]ies ( g5]al ,voltaic action2 &1 z f> z !ory goes1 may almo/ be said to h p]fect$ our k ( ! *emical ag5cies ( ! pile4 ,?is gr& display ( sci5tific light bur/ ^u ,europe l a spl5did meteor1 ?r[+ its radiance into ! deepe/ recesses1 & op5+ to ! view ( ! philosoph] new & unexpect$ regions4 ,i %all endeav\r to (f] z popul> a review ( ?is celebrat$ memoir1 z ! ab/ruse & complicat$ nature ( its subjects w all[2 & ,i %all be c>eful 9 po9t+ out ! successive /ages ( ! enquiry2 = we are all too mu* 9 ! habit ( exclusively look+ aft] results2 :]eas an exam9ation ( ! /eps by :i* !y 7 atta9$ is f> m important1 n only to ! fame ( ! discov]]1 b to ourselves1 z ! means ( in/ruction4 ,! subjects inve/igat$ 9 ?is memoir are arrang$ "u ! foll[+ divisions4 #a4 ,on ! *anges produc$ 9 ,wat] by ,electricity4 #b4 ,on ! ag5cies ( ,electricity 9 ! decomposition ( v>i\s comp\nd ,bodies4 #c4 ,on ! transf] ( c]ta9 con/itu5t ,p>ts ( ,bodies by ! action ( ,electricity4 #d4 ,on ! passage ( ,acids1 ,alkalies1 & o!r ,sub/ances1 ?r\gh v>i\s attract+ *emical m5/rua1 by means ( ,electricity4 #e4 ,"s g5]al ,obs]vations on ^! ,ph5om5a1 & on ! mode ( ,decomposition & ,transition4 #f4 ,on ! ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ! *emical *anges produc$ by ,electricity4 #g4 ,on ! ,relations betwe5 ! ,electrical ,en]gies ( bodies & _! ,*emical ,aff9ities4 #h4 ,on ! mode ( action ( ! ,pile ( ,volta1 ) ,exp]im5tal ,elucidations4 #i4 ,on "s ,g5]al ,illu/rations & ,applications ( ! =ego+ facts & pr9ciples4 ,) respect to ! fir/ ( ^! divisions1 compreh5d+ a hi/ory ( ! *anges produc$ 9 wat] by electricity1 x is wor?y ( p>ticul> notice1 t z e>ly z ! ye> #ahjj1 :ile resid+ at ,bri/ol1 ,davy _h discov]$ t :5 sep>ate portions ( di/ill$ wat]1 fill+ two glass tubes connect$ by moi/ bladd]s1 or any moi/ animal or vegetable sub/ance1 7 submitt$ to ! electrical action ( ! ,voltaic pile1 by means ( gold wires1 a nitro-muriatic solution ( gold appe>$ 9 ! tube conta9+ ! positive wire1 & a solution ( soda 9 ! opposite tube2 b he soon asc]ta9$ t ! muriatic acid ow$ its appe>ance to ! animal or vegetable matt]s employ$2 = :5 ! same fibres ( cotton 7 us$ 9 successive exp]im5ts1 & wa%$ aft] e process 9 a weak solution ( nitric acid1 ! wat] 9 ! app>atus conta9+ !m1 ?\gh act$ ^u = a great l5g? ( "t ) a v /rong p[]1 produc$ no effect ^u a solution ( nitrate ( silv]4 ,9 e case 9 :i* he _h procur$ mu* soda1 ! glass#fa at ! po9t ( contact ) ! wire seem$ consid]ably erod$2 :5 by sub/itut+ an agate = a glass cup1 no fix$ sal9e matt] c\ld be obta9$4 ,its s\rce !re=e1 9 ! =m] case1 0 evid5tly ! glass4 #fa ,x is p]haps a fact n v g5]ally kn[n1 t glass1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 is decomposable by wat]3 if "s ( x 9 a p[d]$ /ate be triturat$ ) di/ill$ wat]1 9 a %ort "t ! turm]ic te/ w indicate a portion ( alkali 9 solution4 ,) respect to ,mr4 ,sylve/]'s exp]im5t1 already notic$1 x 0 suffici5t to say t he conduct$ 8 process 9 a vessel ( pipe-clay1 :i* n only conta9s lime1 b may also include 9 its composition "s ( ! comb9ations ( a fix$ alkali4 ,on resum+ ! enquiry1 x 0 ,davy's fir/ c>e to remove e possible s\rce ( impurity3 he accord+ly procur$ cups ( agate1 :i*1 previ\sly to be+ fill$1 7 boil$ = sev]al h\rs 9 di/ill$ wat]2 & a piece ( v :ite & transp>5t amian?us1 a sub/ance fir/ propos$ = ?is purpose by ,dr4 ,wolla/on1 hav+ be5 simil>ly purifi$1 0 made to connect ! vessels toge!r4 ,?us 0 e app>5t s\rce ( fallacy remov$2 b /ill1 aft] hav+ be5 expos$ to ,voltaic action = =ty-eight h\rs1 ! wat] 9 ! positive cup gave indications ( muriatic acid1 & t 9 ! negative cup1 ( soda6 ,! result 0 z emb>rass+ z x 0 unexpect$2 b x 0 f> f conv9c+ him t ! bodies ?us obta9$ 7 g5]at$3--b :5ce arose ! sal9e matt]8 ,did ! agate1 aft] e precaution1 /ill conta9 "s v m9ute portion ( sal9e matt]1 n easily discov]able by *emical te/s8 ,to det]m9e ?is "q1 ! exp]im5t 0 repeat$ a second1 a ?ird1 & a f\r? "t3 ! quantities ( sal9e matt] dim9i%$ 9 e successive op]ation1 :i* suffici5tly prov$ t ! agate mu/ at lea/ h be5 "o ( ! s\rces s\ght =2 b f\r additional repetitions ( ! process conv9c$ ! op]ator t x c\ld n be ! only "o2 t !re mu/ exi/ "s o!r s\rce f :i* ! alkali proce$$1 s9ce x cont9u$ to appe> to ! la/1 9 quantities suffici5tly di/9ct1 & app>5tly equal1 9 e exp]im5t4 ,?is 0 extremely p]plex+3 e precaution _h be5 tak5--! agate cups _h ev5 be5 includ$ 9 glass vessels1 out ( ! rea* ( ! circulat+ air--all ! act+ mat]ials _h be5 repeat$ly wa%$ ) di/ill$ wat]2 & no "p ( !m 9 contact ) ! fluid _h ev] t\*$ ! f+]s4 ,! wat] itself !n1 h[ev] pure x might appe>1 mu/ h furni%$ ! alkali4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 repeat$ 9 cones ( ! pure/ gold1 & ! wat] conta9$ 9 !m 0 submitt$ to ,voltaic action = f\rte5 h\rs2 ! result 01 t ! acid increas$ 9 quantity z ! exp]im5t proce$$1 & at l5g? became ev5 s\r to ! ta/e4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! alkal9e prop]ties ( ! fluid 9 ! opposite cone %ortly obta9$ a c]ta9 int5sity1 & rema9$ /ation>y4 ,on ! application ( heat1 ! alkal9e indications became less vivid1 al?\gh !re always rema9$1 aft] ! op]ation1 suffici5t evid5ce to prove t a portion at lea/ 0 fix$1 al?\gh probably mix$ ) ammonia4 ,! acid1 z f> z its prop]ties c\ld be exam9$1 agre$ ) ^? ( pure nitr\s acid1 hav+ an excess ( nitr\s gas4 ,x 0 n[ impossible to d\bt t ! wat] held 9 solution "s sub/ance :i* 0 capable ( yield+ alkal9e matt]1 b :i*1 f ! m9ut5ess ( its quantity1 _h soon be5 exhau/$4 ,! next /ep1 !re=e1 0 to submit ! wat] to a /ill m rigor\s exam9ation1 :i* he did by evaporat+ x 9 a vessel ( silv]2 :5 he _h ! satisfaction to discov] ! #a-gj? ( a gra9 ( sal9e matt]4 ,! wat]1 ?us purifi$ 9 a vessel ( silv]1 0 aga9 subject$ to ,voltaic action 9 ! cones ( gold4 ,aft] two h\rs1 !re 0 only ! slighte/ possible indication ( alkali2 & ?is 0 n1 z be=e1 fix$1 b entirely volatile4 ,9 e "o ( ^! exp]im5ts1 acid matt] _h be5 produc$1 & x always pres5t$ ! "* ( nitr\s acid4 ,two ( ! great s\rces ( =eign matt] _h be5 detect$ & remov$1 viz4 ! vessels1 & ! wat] employ$2 x /ill h[ev] rema9$ to be expla9$1 h[ nitr\s acid & ammonia c\ld be produc$ 9 cases :]e pure wat] & pure vessels _h be5 us$4 ,9 no "p ( ?is elaborate enquiry is ! p5etration ( ,davy m /rik+1 ?an 9 8 reason+s ^u ?is problem1 & 9 ! beautiful exp]im5ts :i* 8 sagacity sugge/$ = its solution4 ,x occurr$ to him1 t ! nasc5t oxyg5 & hydrog5 ( ! wat] might respectively comb9e ) a portion ( ! nitrog5 ( ! common air1 :i* is con/antly dissolv$ 9 t fluid2 b if ?is 7 ! case1 h[ did x happ5 t ! production ( nitr\s acid 0 progressive1 :ile t ( ! alkali 0 limit$8 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 on ! absorption ( gases by wat]1 at once sugge/$ !mselves to 8 m9d z be+ capable ( solv+ ?is la/ difficulty2 = t di/+ui%$ philosoph] _h %[n1 t hydrog51 dur+ its solution 9 wat]1 expell$ ! nitrog51 :]eas oxyg5 & nitrog5 7 capable ( coexi/+ 9 a /ate ( solution 9 t fluid4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 necess>y to confirm ! tru? ( ?is explanation by exp]im5t1 & he accord+ly introduc$ ! two cones ( gold1 conta9+ purifi$ wat]1 "u ! receiv] ( an air-pump2 ! exhau/ion 0 effect$1 & ! ,voltaic pile br\ght to act ^u ! wat] ?us circum/anc$2 aft] eighte5 h\rs ! result 0 exam9$1 :5 ! wat] 9 ! negative cone produc$ no effect ^u prep>$ litmus1 b t 9 ! positive vessel did give x a t+e ( r$ b>ely p]ceptible4 ,_h 8 s]ies ( exp]im5ts t]m9at$ "h1 ! tru? ( 8 conclusions w\ld h be5 e/abli%$ by ! comp>atively small proportion ( acid =m$ 9 ?is latt] exp]im5t2 b he det]m9$ to repeat x "u circum/ances1 if possible1 /ill m unexceptionable & conclusive4 ,hav+1 !re=e1 arrang$ ! app>atus z be=e1 he exhau/$ ! receiv]1 & !n fill$ x ) hydrog5 gas f a conv5i5t air-hold]2 he made ev5 a second exhau/ion1 to ensure ! highe/ accuracy1 & !n aga9 introduc$ c>efully prep>$ hydrog54 ,! ,voltaic process 0 cont9u$ dur+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & at ! end ( t p]iod x 0 f\nd t nei!r ! wat] 9 ! positive nor 9 ! negative vessels alt]$ ! t9t ( litmus 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,?us did he succe$ 9 expos+ ! ?ree great s\rces ( fallacy :i* _h s long misl$ *emi/s1 ) reg>d to ! g5]ation ( acid & alkal9e matt] 9 ,voltaic exp]im5ts1 viz4--,! impurities ( ! vessels--! =eign matt] conta9$ 9 ! wat]--& ! comp\nds g5]at$ by ! comb9ation ( ! nitrog5 ( atmosph]ic air ) ! elem5ts evolv$ f wat]2 & ?us did he e/abli%1 by an unbrok5 *a9 ( incontrov]tible evid5ce1 ! important tru?1 t wat]1 *emically pure1 is decompos$ by electricity into gase\s matt] alone--into oxyg5 & hydrog54 ,out ( ! =ego+ tra9 ( rese>* v naturally sprang ! consid]ation ( ! decompos+ ag5cies ( ,electricity4 ,x _h be5 con/antly obs]v$1 t1 9 all electrical *anges connect$ ) ! pres5ce ( acid & alkal9e matt]1 ! =m] uni=mly collect$ ar\nd ! positive1 & ! latt] ar\nd ! negative surface ( ! app>atus4 ,9 "o ( ! e>lie/ exp]im5ts1 ,davy _h also notic$ t glass und]w5t decomposition1 & t its alkali always pass$ to ! negative surface4 ,he 01 !re=e1 l$ to enquire :e!r1 ?r\gh electrical ag5cy1 diff]5t solid e>?y comp\nds1 insoluble1 or soluble ) difficulty 9 wat]1 might n be made to und]go a simil> decomposition4 ,we %all f9d t ! results ( ! trials 7 decisive & satisfactory4 ,= conduct+ exp]im5ts ( ?is description1 he hit ^u ! happy exp$i5t ( con/ruct+ ! cups ) ! mat]ials :i* he wi%$ to submit to exp]im5t1 & !n by introduc+ wat] into !m1 & =m+ ! necess>y connexion by means ( asbe/us1 he complet$ ! ,voltaic circuit4 ,9 ?is mann] he submitt$ to exp]im5t sulphate ( lime1 sulphate ( /rontia1 fluate ( lime1 sulphate ( b>yta1 c4 & ) analog\s results2 ! acid elem5t 9 ea* case pass+ to ! positive1 & ! e>?y base to ! negative cup4 ,z1 9 ! above exp]im5ts1 ! bodies "u exam9ation 7 pres5t$ 9 consid]able masses1 & expos$ l>ge surfaces to ! electric action1 x became necess>y to enquire :e!r m9ute portions ( acid & alkal9e matt] c\ld1 by ! same ag5cy1 be dis5gag$ f solid comb9ations4 ,?is po9t 0 v readily elucidat$4 ,a piece ( f9e gra9$ basalt1 :i*1 by a previ\s analysis1 _h be5 f\nd to conta9 #ce p] c5t4 ( soda1 ne>ly #e ( muriatic acid1 & fifte5 p>ts ( lime1 hav+ be5 divid$ into two prop]ly-%ap$ pieces1 & a cavity1 capable ( conta9+ twelve gra9s ( wat]1 be5 drill$ 9 ea*1 0 submitt$1 z 9 =m] exp]im5ts1 to ! action ( ! pile4 ,at ! end ( t5 h\rs1 ! result 0 exam9$ ) c>e1 :5 x appe>$ t ! positively electrifi$ wat] _h ! /rong smell ( oxymuriatic acid1 & copi\sly precipitat$ nitrate ( silv]2 :ile t :i* 0 negative affect$ turm]ic1 & left by evaporation a residuum :i* appe>$ to consi/ ( lime & soda4 ,a "p ( a specim5 ( compact zeolite f ! ,giants' ,causeway1 & vitre\s lava f tna1 7 ea* treat$ 9 a simil> mann]1 & ) results equally satisfactory4 ,hav+ ?us settl$ ! "q ) reg>d to ! dis5gagem5t ( ! sal9e p>ts ( bodies insoluble 9 wat]1 he proce$$ to ext5d & multiply 8 exp]im5ts on soluble comp\nds1 ! decomposition ( :i*1 z might h be5 suppos$1 always proce$$ ) great] rapidity1 & furni%$ results m p]fectly di/9ct4 ,9 ^! processes he employ$ ! agate cups1 ) plat9a wires1 connect$ by amian?us moi/5$ ) pure wat]2 ! solutions 7 introduc$ into ^! cups1 & ! electrify+ p[] appli$ 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,9 ?is way1 sulphate ( pota%1 sulphate ( soda1 nitrate ( pota%1 phosphate ( soda1 c4 7 respectively exam9$2 & 9 e case ! acid1 aft] a c]ta9 int]val1 collect$ 9 ! cup conta9+ ! positive wire1 & ! alkalies & e>?s 9 t conta9+ ! negative wire4 ,:5 metallic solutions 7 employ$1 metallic cry/als or depositions 7 =m$ on ! negative wire1 & oxide 0 likewise deposit$ ar\nd x1 :ile a great excess ( acid 0 f\nd 9 ! opposite cup4 ,) respect to ! transf] ( ! con/itu5t ,p>ts ( ,bodies by ,electric ,action1 sev]al orig9al exp]im5ts 7 in/itut$1 & "s important conclusions e/abli%$4 ,sev]al facts _h be5 /at$1 :i* r5d]$ x probable t ! sal9e elem5ts evolv$ 9 decompositions by electricity1 7 capable ( be+ transf]r$ f "o electrifi$ surface to ano!r1 accord+ to _! usual ord] ( arrangem5t2 b to demon/rate ?is cle>ly1 f>!r rese>*es 7 requir$1 & ,davy proce$$ to supply ! necess>y evid5ce4 ,he connect$ "o ( ! cups ( sulphate ( lime be=e m5tion$1 ) a cup ( agate1 by means ( asbe/us1 & fill+ !m ) purifi$ wat]1 connect$ !m ) ! batt]y4 ,9 ab\t f\r h\rs1 a /rong solution ( lime 0 f\nd 9 ! agate cup1 & sulphuric acid 9 ! cup ( sulphate ( lime4 ,by rev]s+ ! ord] ( arrangem5t1 & c>ry+ on ! process dur+ a simil> p]iod1 ! sulphuric acid appe>$ 9 ! agate cup1 & ! lime 9 ! opposite vessel4 ,9 bo? ^! exp]im5ts 7! acid 9 ! "o case1 & ! lime 9 ! o!r71 ! elem5ts ( ! sub/ance mu/ h pass$1 9 an imp]ceptible =m1 along ! connect+ l9e ( asbe/us into ! opposite vessel4 ,_m trials 7 made ) o!r sal9e bodies1 & ) results equally satisfactory2 ! base always pass+ into ! vessel r5d]$ negative1 & ! acid into t :i* 0 positive4 ,! "t requir$ = ^! transmissions appe>$ to be1 ct]is p>ibus1 9 "s proportion to ! l5g? ( ! int]m$iate volume ( wat]4 ,9 ! f>!r prosecution ( ! enquiry1 ,davy discov]$ a /ill m extraord9>y s]ies ( facts4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he f\nd t ! contact ( ! sal9e solution ) a metallic surface 0 n 9 ! lea/ necess>y = its decomposition4 ,he introduc$ purifi$ wat] into two glass tubes1 & connect$ ) !m1 by means ( amian?us1 a vessel conta9+ a solution ( muriate ( pota%4 ,9 ?is case1 ! sal9e matt] 0 di/ant f ea* ( ! wires at lea/ two-?irds ( an in*2 & yet alkal9e matt] soon appe>$ 9 "o tube1 & acid matt] 9 ! o!r2 & 9 sixte5 h\rs mod]ately /rong solutions ( pota% & muriatic acid _h be5 =m$4 ,! discov]y ( ?is fact became ! key to t ( o!rs4 ,he v naturally proce$$ to enquire into ! progress ( ! transf]1 & into ! c\rse ( ! acid & alkal9e elem5ts2 :51 by ! use ( litmus & turm]ic1 he arriv$ at ! foll[+ conclusion1--t acids & alkalies1 dur+ _! electrical transf]5ce1 pass$ ?r\gh wat] conta9+ vegetable col\rs )\t effect+ 9 !m any *ange4 ,f :i* we are l$ to ! consid]ation ( ! f\r? division ( ! subject1 viz4 ,on ! ,passage ( ,acids1 ,alkalies1 & o!r ,sub/ances1 ?r\gh v>i\s attract+ ,*emical ,m5/rua1 by ,electricity4 ,z soon z x 0 discov]$ t a p[] g5]at$ by ! ,voltaic pile 0 capable ( de/roy+ elective aff9ity 9 ! vic9ity ( ! metallic po9ts1 x seem$ reasonable to suppose1 t ! same p[] might also de/roy x1 or at lea/ susp5d its op]ation1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! circuit4 ,! tru? ( su* a supposition 0 at once plac$ beyond all d\bt by ! foll[+ v /rik+ exp]im5t4 ,?ree tubes1 ! fir/ conta9+ a solution ( sulphate ( pota%1 ! second a weak solution ( ammonia1 & ! ?ird1 pure wat]1 ea* be+ connect$ ) ! o!r 9 ! usual mann] by amian?us1 7 arrang$ 9 relation to ! pile1 z foll[3--! sulphate ( pota% 0 plac$ 9 contact ) ! negatively electrifi$ po9t1 ! pure wat] ) ! positively electrifi$ po9t1 :ile ! solution ( ammonia 0 made ! middle l9k ( ! conduct+ *a92 s t no sulphuric acid c\ld pass to ! positive po9t 9 ! di/ill$ wat]1 )\t pass+ ?r\gh ! ammoniacal solution4 ,9 less ?an five m9utes aft] ! electric curr5t _h be5 complet$1 x 0 f\nd1 by means ( litmus pap]1 t acid 0 9 ! act ( collect+ ar\nd ! positive po9t2 & 9 half an h\r ! result 0 suffici5tly di/9ct = accurate exam9ation4 ,o!r exp]im5ts 7 made ) a solution ( lime1 & ) weak solutions ( pota% & soda1 & ! results 7 analog\s4 ,muriatic acid1 f muriate ( soda1 & nitric acid1 f nitrate ( pota%1 7 also transmitt$ ?r\gh conc5trat$ alkal9e m5/rua1 "u simil> circum/ances1 & ) l effects4 ,davy also made sev]al exp]im5ts on ! transition ( alkal9e & acid matt]1 ?r\gh diff]5t neutro-sal9e solutions1 ! results ( :i* 7 exactly su* z !ory w\ld h anticipat$4 ,9 conduct+1 h[ev]1 ^! exp]im5ts ( electrical transf]5ce1 !re w\ld appe> to be "o condition ess5tial to _! success1 viz4 t ! solution conta9$ 9 ! int]m$iate vessel %\ld n be capable ( =m+ an insoluble comp\nd ) ! sub/ance transmitt$ ?r\gh x3 ?us1 = example1 ,davy f\nd t /rontia & b>yta pass$1 l ! o!r alkal9e sub/ances1 v readily ?r\gh muriatic & nitric acids2 & vice v]s1 t ^! acids pass$ ) equal facility ?r\gh aque\s solutions ( ! e>?s 9 "q2 b :5 x 0 attempt$ to pass sulphuric acid ?r\gh ! same e>?y solutions1 or to pass ! e>?s ?r\gh ! sulphuric acid1 t !n ! results 7 ( a v diff]5t "*3 ! sulphuric acid1 9 its passage ?r\gh ! b>ytic solution1 0 arre/$ 9 its progress by ! e>?y body1 & fall+ d[n z an insoluble comp\nd ) x1 0 c>ri$ out ( ! sph]e ( ! electrical action1 by :i* ! p[] ( transf] 0 de/roy$4 ,! same ph5om5a occurr$ :5ev] he attempt$ to pass muriatic acid ?r\gh a solution ( sulphate ( silv]4 ,we n[ come to ! next division--viz4 ,"s g5]al ,obs]vations on ^! ,ph5om5a1 & on ! mode ( ,decomposition & ,transition4 ,davy consid]s t x w be a g5]al expression ( ! facts relat+ to ! *anges & transitions by electricity1 to say1 t hydrog51 ! alkal9e sub/ances1 ! metals1 & c]ta9 oxides1 are attract$ by negatively electrifi$1 & repell$ by positively electrifi$ metallic surfaces2 & on ! contr>y1 t oxyg5 & acid sub/ances are attract$ by positively electrifi$1 & repell$ by negatively electrifi$ metallic surfaces4 ,& moreov]1 t ^! attractive & repulsive =ces are suffici5tly en]getic to de/roy or susp5d ! usual op]ation ( elective aff9ity4 ,amid/ all ^! wond]ful ph5om5a1 t p]haps :i* excites our greate/ a/oni%m5t is ! fact ( ! transf] ( pond]able matt] to a consid]able di/ance1 ?r\gh int]v5+ sub/ances1 & 9 a =m t escapes ! cognizance ( our s5ses6 ,^u ?is "q1 ,davy (f]s ! foll[+ rem>ks3--,x is1 says he1 v natural to suppose1 t ! repell5t & attractive en]gies are communicat$ f "o p>ticle to ano!r p>ticle ( ! same k9d1 s z to e/abli% a conduct+ *a9 9 ! fluid2 & t ! locomotion takes place 9 consequ5ce3 ?us1 9 all ! in/ances 9 :i* ,i exam9$ alkal9e solutions ?r\gh :i* acids _h be5 transmitt$1 ,i always f\nd acid 9 !m1 z long z any acid matt] rema9$ at ! orig9al s\rce4 ,9 "t1 by ! attractive p[] ( ! positive surface1 ! decomposition & transf] und\bt$ly become complete2 b ?is does n affect ! conclusion4 ,9 cases ( ! sep>ation ( ! con/itu5ts ( wat]1 & ( solutions ( neutral salts =m+ ! :ole ( ! *a91 !re may possibly be a succession ( decompositions & recompositions ?r\gh\t ! fluid4 ,we are next br\ght to a v important po9t 9 ! enquiry--viz4 ,! consid]ation ( ! ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ! *emical *anges produc$ by ,electricity4 ,! exp]im5t ( ,mr4 ,b5nett1 already allud$ to1 _h %[n t _m bodies1 :5 br\ght into contact1 & aft]w>ds sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 exhibit$ signs ( opposite /ates ( electricity3 b x is to ! inve/igations ( ,m4 ,volta t we are indebt$ = ! cle> developem5t ( ! fact2 = he has di/9ctly prov$ x 9 ! case ( copp] & z9c1 & o!r metallic comb9ations1 & he suppos$ t x might also take place ) reg>d to metals & fluids4 ,9 a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 made 9 ! ye> #ahja1 on ! con/ruction ( electrical comb9ations1 by means ( alt]nations ( s+le metallic plates1 & diff]5t /rata ( fluids1 z expla9$ ^u a =m] occasion1#fb ,davy _h obs]v$ t1 :5 acid & alkal9e solutions 7 employ$ z ! elem5ts ( ^! ,voltaic comb9ations1 ! alkal9e solutions always receiv$ ! electricity f1 & ! acid always transmitt$ x to ! metal4 ,^! pr9ciples seem to be> an imm$iate relation to ^? g5]al ph5om5a ( decomposition & transf]1 :i* h be5 ! subject ( ! prec$+ details4 #fb ,page #bbc4 ,9 ! mo/ simple case ( electrical action1 ! alkali :i* receives electricity f ! metal w\ld necess>ily1 on be+ sep>at$ f x1 appe> positive2 :il/ ! acid1 "u simil> circum/ances1 w\ld be negative2 & ^! bodies hav+ respectively1 ) reg>d to ! metal1 t :i* may be call$ a positive & a negative electrical en]gy1 9 _! repell5t & attractive functions1 w\ld seem to be gov]n$ by ! common laws ( electrical attraction & repulsion2 ! body possess+ ! positive en]gy be+ repell$ by positively electrifi$ surfaces1 & t possess+ ! negative influ5ce foll[+ ! contr>y ord]4 ,davy made a numb] ( exp]im5ts ) ! view ( elucidat+ ?is idea1 & ( ext5d+ its application2 &1 9 all cases1 _! results t5d$1 9 a mo/ rem>kable mann]1 to confirm ! analogy4 ,he proce$$1 by means ( v delicate in/rum5ts1 to asc]ta9 ! electrical /ates ( s+le insulat$ acid & alkal9e solutions1 aft] _! contact ) metals2 b ! s\rces ( errors 7 s num]\s1 z to r5d] ! results f> f be+ satisfactory2 b 9 exp]im5ts on dry & solid bodies1 ! emb>rassm5ts aris+ f evaporation1 *emical action1 c4 did n occur4 ,:5 p]fectly dry oxalic1 succ9ic1 b5zoic1 or boracic acid1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( p[d] or cry/als1 7 t\*$ ^u an ext5d$ surface ) a plate ( copp]1 insulat$ by a glass h&le1 ! copp] 0 f\nd positive1 ! acid negative4 ,:5 aga9 metallic plates 7 made to t\* dry lime1 /rontia1 or magnesia1 !y became negative3 9 ^! latt] exp]im5ts ! effect 0 exce$+ly satisfactory & di/9ct2 a s+le contact ^u a l>ge surface be+ suffici5t to communicate a consid]able *>ge4 ,num]\s o!r trials 7 made1 & ! results confirm$ ! pr9ciple2 & moreov] prov$1 z might h be5 expect$1 t bodies possess+ electrical conditions ) reg>d to "o & ! same body1 possess$ !m ) reg>d to ea* o!r3 = in/ance1 a dry piece ( lime became positively electrical by repeat$ contact ) cry/als ( oxalic acid4 ,^! results l$ him to reason m fully ^u ! ,relations betwe5 ! ,electrical en]gies ( bodies & _! ,*emical aff9ities4 ,z ! *emical attraction subsi/+ betwe5 two bodies seems to be de/roy$ by giv+ to "o ( !m an electrical condition opposite to t :i* x naturally possesses2 & s9ce ! sub/ances t comb9e *emically1 z f> z c be asc]ta9$1 exhibit opposite /ates ( electricity1 ! relations betwe5 ?is en]gy & *emical aff9ity w\ld appe> to be suffici5tly evid5t to w>rant ! conclusion at :i* ,davy arriv$1 viz4 t ! comb9ations & decompositions by electricity 7 ref]able to ! law ( electrical attractions & repulsions2 f :i* he advanc$ to ! /ill m important /ep--t *emical & electrical attractions 7 produc$ by ! same cause1 act+ 9 "o case on p>ticles1 9 ! o!r on masses4 ,f ^! views1 he is l$ to propose ! electrical p[]s1 or ! =ces requir$ to disunite ! elem5ts ( bodies1 z a te/ or measure ( ! int5sity ( *emical attraction4 ,an accurate inve/igation into ?is connexion1 :i* may be call$ ! ,electro-dynamic relations ( bodies to _! comb9+ masses or proportional numb]s1 w\ld be ! fir/ /ep t[>ds fix+ ! sci5ce ( ,*emi/ry on ! p]man5t f\ndation ( ! ,ma!matics4 ,if1 !n1 ! p[] ( electrical attraction & repulsion be id5tifi$ ) *emical aff9ity1 or r1 if bo? be dep5d5t ^u ! same cause1 x w foll[ t two bodies :i* are naturally 9 opposite electrical /ates1 may h ^! /ates suffici5tly exalt$ to give !m an attractive p[] sup]ior to ! cohesive =ce oppos$ to _! union2 :5 a comb9ation w take place :i* w be m or less en]getic1 z ! oppos$ =ces are m or less equally balanc$4 ,aga91 :5 two bodies1 repell5t ( ea* o!r1 act ^u a ?ird ) diff]5t degrees ( ! same electrical en]gy1 ! comb9ation w be det]m9$ by ! degree2 or1 if bodies hav+ diff]5t degrees ( ! same electrical en]gy ) respect to a ?ird1 h likewise diff]5t en]gies ) respect to ea* o!r1 !re may be su* a balance ( attract+ & repell+ =ces z to produce a triple comp\nd2 & by ! ext5sion ( ?is reason+1 complicat$ *emical union may be easily expla9$4 ,:5ev] bodies br\ght by artificial means into a high /ate ( opposite electricities are made to re/ore ! equilibrium1 heat & light are ! common consequ5ces4 ,x is p]haps an additional circum/ance 9 fav\r ( ! !ory to /ate1 t heat & light are likewise ! results ( all int5se *emical action4 ,& z 9 c]ta9 =ms ( ! ,voltaic batt]y1 :]e l>ge quantities ( electricity ( l[ int5sity act1 heat )\t light is produc$2 s 9 sl[ *emical comb9ations !re is an increase ( temp]ature )\t any lum9\s appe>ance4 ,! effect ( heat 9 produc+ comb9ation may be easily expla9$ accord+ to ^! ideas2 x n only gives m fre$om ( motion to ! p>ticles1 b 9 a numb] ( cases x seems to exalt ! electrical en]gies ( bodies3--glass1 ! t\rmal9e1 sulphur1 & "s o!rs1 af=d famili> in/ances ( ?is latt] species ( en]gy4 ,9 g5]al1 :5 ! diff]5t en]gies are /rong & 9 p]fect equilibrium1 ! comb9ation ought to be quick1 ! heat & light int5se1 & ! new comp\nd 9 a neutral /ate4 ,?is w\ld seem to be ! case 9 ! comb9ation ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 :i* =m wat]1 a body app>5tly neutral 9 electrical en]gy to mo/ o!rs2 & also 9 ! circum/ances ( ! union ( ! /rong alkalies & acids4 ,b :]e "o en]gy is feeble1 & ! o!r /rong1 all ! effects mu/ be less vivid2 & ! comp\nd1 in/ead ( be+ neutral1 ought to exhibit ! excess ( ! /rong] en]gy4 ,! gr& pr9ciple ?us develop$ may enable u to obta9 new & useful indications ( ! composition ( bodies1 by asc]ta9+ ! "* ( _! electrical en]gies2 & we n[ f9d1 9 mo/ mod]n works ( ,*emi/ry1 t bodies are arrang$ accord+ to _! natural electrical relations2 & are said to be ,,electro-,,positive1 or ,,electro-,,negative1 accord+ to _! pol>ities4 ,! advantage ( su* an arrangem5t mu/ be freely ackn[l$g$1 = x has be5 ! means ( e/abli%+ analogies#fc ( ! utmo/ importance 9 *emi/ry1 ( :i* ,i %all adduce "s /rik+ examples 9 a subsequ5t "p ( ! pres5t "w1 :5 ,i %all endeav\r to (f] a g5]al view ( ! revolution :i* *emical sci5ce has und]gone dur+ ! inve/igations ( ,davy1 & contempor>y philosoph]s4 #fc ,x w be suffici5t = my pres5t purpose to po9t out ^? exi/+ betwe5 ,*lor9e1 ,iod9e1 & ,brom9e4 ,aft] "s fur!r enquiries into ! !ory ( ! ,voltaic pile1#fd to :i* an allusion has be5 already made1 ! au?or (f]s additional reasons = suppos+ ! decomposition ( ! *emical m5/rua ess5tial to ! cont9u$ electro-motion ( ! pile2 & if ! fluid m$ium c\ld be a sub/ance incapable ( decomposition1 !re is e reason to believe ! equilibrium w\ld be re/or$1 & ! motion ( ! ,electricity cease4 ,hav+ %[n ! effects ( induction1 9 increas+ ! electricity ( ! opposite plates1 he arrives at ! important conclusion1 t 9 a ,voltaic arrangem5t ! int5sity ( ! ,electricity increases ) ! numb]1 b ! quantity ) ! size ( ! plates4 ,a !ory :i* 0 subsequ5tly confirm$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,*ildr54 #fd ,see page #bbf4 ,! pap] concludes ) "s g5]al illu/rations & applications ( ! =ego+ facts & pr9ciples1 & :i* ! au?or ?9ks w readily sugge/ !mselves to ! philosophical enquir]4 ,!y (f]1 = in/ance1 v easy me?ods ( sep>at+ acid & alkal9e matt]1 :]e !y exi/ 9 comb9ation 9 m9]al sub/ances2 &1 9 l mann]1 !y sugge/ ! application ( electrical p[]s = effect+ ! decomposition ( animal & vegetable bodies4 ,on expos+ a piece ( muscul> fibre to ! action ( ! batt]y1 he f\nd t pota%1 soda1 ammonia1 lime1 & oxide ( iron1 7 evolv$ on ! negative side1 & ! ?ree m9]al1 toge!r ) ! phosphoric1 acids1 7 giv5 out on ! positive side4 ,a laurel leaf1 simil>ly treat$1 yield$ to ! negative vessel res91 alkali1 & lime2 :ile 9 ! positive "o !re collect$ a cle> fluid1 :i* _h ! smell ( pea*-blossoms1 & :i*1 :5 neutraliz$ by pota%1 gave a blue-gre5 precipitate to a solution ( sulphate ( iron2 s t x mu/ h conta9$ ,prussic ,acid4 ,a small plant ( m9t1 9 a /ate ( heal?y vegetation1 on be+ made ! m$ium ( connection 9 ! batt]y1 yield$ pota% & lime to ! wat] negatively electrifi$1 & acid to t positively electrifi$4 ,! plant recov]$ aft] ! process2 b a simil> "o1 t _h be5 electrifi$ dur+ a long] p]iod1 fad$ & di$4 ,^! facts w\ld seem to %[1 t ! electrical p[]s ( decomposition ev5 act ^u vegetable matt] 9 its liv+ condition2 & ph5om5a are n want+ to %[ t !y op]ate also on ! sy/em ( liv+ animals4 ,:5 ! f+]s1 aft] hav+ be5 c>efully wa%$ ) pure wat]1 are br\ght 9 contact ) ?is fluid 9 ! positive "p ( ! circuit1 acid matt] is rapidly develop$1 hav+ ! "* ( a mixture ( muriatic1 phosphoric1 & sulphuric acids2 & if a simil> trial be made 9 ! negative "p1 fix$ alkal9e matt] is z quickly develop$4#fe #fe ,reflect+ ^u ?is & simil> facts1 x has occurr$ to me t ,voltaic electricity might be appli$ = remov+ ! blue col\r 9 ! sk91 occasion$ by ! int]nal use ( nitrate ( silv]4 ,i hope to be able v %ortly to submit ?is !ory to ! te/4 ,davy ?9ks t ! acid & alkal9e ta/e produc$ ^u ! tongue dur+ galvanic exp]im5ts1 dep5ds ^u ! decomposition ( ! sal9e matt] conta9$ 9 ! liv+ animal sub/ance1 & p]haps 9 ! saliva2 & he f>!r obs]ves t1 z acid & alkal9e sub/ances are ?us evid5tly capable ( be+ sep>at$ f _! comb9ations 9 liv+ sy/ems by electrical p[]s1 !re is reason to believe t1 by conv]se me?ods1 !y might also be introduc$ into ! animal economy1 or made to pass ?r\gh ! animal organs2 & ! same ?+ may be suppos$ ( metallic oxides2 & t ^! ideas ought to lead to "s new inve/igations 9 ,m$ic9e & ,physiology4 ,he ?9ks x by no means improbable1 t ! electrical decomposition ( ! neutral salts1 9 diff]5t cases1 may admit ( economical applications2 & t well-burnt *>coal & plumbago1 or *>coal & iron1 might be made ! excit+ p[]s = su* a purpose4 ,su* an arrangem5t1 if erect$ ^u a scale suffici5tly ext5sive1 ) ! m$ium ( a neutro-sal9e solution1 w\ld1 9 8 op9ion1 produce l>ge quantities ( acids & alkalies ) v little tr\ble or exp5se4 ,alt]ations 9 *emical equilibrium are con/antly tak+ place 9 ,nature1 & he ?9ks x probable t ! electric influ5ce1 9 its faculties ( decomposition & transf]5ce1 may consid]ably int]f]e ) ! *emical *anges occurr+ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( our sy/em4 ,! electrical appe>ances :i* prec$e e>?quakes & volcanic eruptions1 & :i* h be5 describ$ by ! great] numb] ( ! obs]v]s ( ^! awful ev5ts1 admit also ( easy explanation on ! pr9ciples t h be5 /at$4 ,besides ! cases ( sudd5 & viol5t *ange1 he consid]s !re mu/ be con/ant & tranquil alt]ations1 ( :i* electricity1 produc$ 9 ! int]ior /rata ( ! globe1 is ! active cause3 ?us1 :]e pyrit\s /rata & /rata ( coal-bl5de occur1--:]e ! pure metals or ! sulphurets are f\nd 9 contact ) ea* o!r1 or ) any conduct+ sub/ances1--& :]e diff]5t /rata conta9 diff]5t sal9e m5/rua1 he ?9ks electricity mu/ be cont9ually manife/$2 & x is probable t _m m9]al =mations h be5 mat]ially influ5c$1 or ev5 occasion$1 by its ag5cies4 ,9 an exp]im5t :i* he p]=m$ ( electrify+ a mix$ solution ( ! muriates ( iron1 copp]1 t91 & cobalt1 conta9$ 9 a positive vessel1 all ! f\r oxides pass$ along ! connect+ asbe/us into a positive vessel fill$ ) di/ill$ wat]1 :ile a yell[ metallic cru/ =m$ on ! wire1 & ! oxides arrang$ !mselves 9 a mix$ /ate ar\nd ! base ( x4 ,9 ano!r exp]im5t1 9 :i* c>bonate ( copp] 0 diffus$ ?r\gh wat] 9 a /ate ( m9ute division1 & a negative wire 0 plac$ 9 a small p]=at$ cube ( zeolite 9 ! wat]1 gre5 cry/als collect$ r\nd ! cube2 ! p>ticles n be+ capable ( p5etrat+ x4 ,by a multiplication ( su* in/ances1 ,davy rem>ks1 t ! electrical p[] ( transf]5ce may be easily conceiv$ to apply to ! explanation ( "s ( ! pr9cipal & mo/ my/]i\s facts 9 geology2#ff & by imag9+ a scale ( feeble p[]s1 x w\ld be easy to acc\nt = ! association ( ! insoluble metallic & e>?y comp\nds conta9+ acids4 #ff ,dur+ ! cont5tions ( ! ,neptuni/s & ,plutoni/s1 allud$ to 9 a =m] "p ( ?is "w1 specim5s 7 produc$ exhibit+ ! int]mixture ( m9]al bodies1 :i* 0 completely ho/ile to all !ory4 ,^! anomalies n[ receive a plausible explanation f ! ag5cies ( ,voltaic electricity4 ,natural electricity1 obs]ves our philosoph]1 has hi!rto be5 little inve/igat$1 except 9 ! case ( its evid5t & p[]ful conc5tration 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,its sl[ & sil5t op]ations 9 e "p ( ! surface w probably be f\nd m imm$iately & importantly connect$ ) ! ord] & economy ( nature2 & inve/igations on ?is subject c h>dly fail to enlight5 our philosophical sy/ems ( ! e>?1 & may possibly place new p[]s )9 our rea*4 ,?us concludes "o ( ! mo/ ma/]ly & p[]ful productions ( sci5tific g5ius4 ,i may p]haps h be5 consid]$ prolix 9 record+ ! progressive rese>*es by :i* he arriv$ at 8 results2 b let x be rememb]$1 t ! great fame ( ,davy1 z an exp]im5tal philosoph]1 re/s ^u ?is s+le memoir2 & ?\gh ! second>y results to be h]eaft] consid]$1 may be m dazzl+ to ord9>y m9ds1 yet 9 ! judgm5t ( e sci5tific obs]v]1 !y mu/ appe> f> less glori\s ?an ! discov]y ( ! primitive laws4 ,let me ask :e!r ,sir ,isaac ,newton does n des]ve great] fame = 8 inv5tion ( fluxions1 ?an = ! calculations p]=m$ by ! application ( !m8 ,i d n hesitate 9 comp>+ ^! great philosoph]s1 s9ce ea* has enlight5$ u by discov]ies alike effect$ by means inv5t$ by himself4 ,n only did bo? unlock ! caskets ( ,nature1 b !y _h ! sup]ior m]it ( plann+ & con/ruct+ ! key4 ,i *all5ge ^?1 :o h c>efully foll[$ me ?r\gh ! details ( ! prec$+ memoir1 to %[ a s+le in/ance 9 :i* accid5t1 s ma9ly contributory to =m] discov]ies 9 electricity1 _h any %>e 9 conduct+ its au?or to tru?4 ,/ep by /ep did he1 ) philosophic caution & unwe>i$ p]sev]ance1 unfold all ! p>ticul> ph5om5a & details ( 8 subject2 8 g5ius !n took flight1 & ) an eagle's eye caught ! plan ( ! :ole4--,a new sci5ce has be5 ?us creat$2 & s important & ext5sive are its applications1 s b\ndless & sublime its views1 t we may fairly anticipate ! fulfilm5t ( ^? prophetic words ( ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 :o1 9 ! preface to 8 ,hi/ory ( ,electricity1#fg exclaims--,electricity seems to be giv+ u an inlet into ! int]nal /ructure ( bodies1 on :i* all _! s5sible prop]ties dep5d4 ,by pursu+ ?is new light1 !re=e1 ! b\nds ( natural sci5ce may possibly be ext5d$ beyond :at we c n[ =m any idea (4 ,new worlds may op5 to our view1 & ! glory ( ! great ,sir ,isaac ,newton himself1 & all 8 contempor>ies1 be eclips$ by a new set ( philosoph]s1 9 q a new field ( speculation4 ,c\ld t great man revisit ! e>?1 & view ! exp]im5ts ( ! pres5t race ( electricians1 he w\ld be no less amaz$ ?an ,rog] ,bacon1 or ,sir ,francis1 w\ld h be5 at 84 ,9 our turn we may ask1 :at w\ld be ! a/oni%m5t--:at ! delight ( ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 c\ld he n[ witness ! successful results ( ,voltaic rese>*8--& :at w\ld he say ( t mighty g5ius :o has demon/rat$ ! relations ( electrical en]gy to ! g5]al laws ( *emical action8#fh ,x 0 8 good =tune to h witness$ ! discov]y :i* id5tifi$ electricity ) ! lightn+ ( ! ?und] cl\d3 :at w\ld he h said ( t :i* id5tifi$ x ) ! magnetism ( ! e>?6 ,( ?is at lea/ we may be c]ta91 t he w\ld h expung$ f 8 hi/ory ! passage 9 :i* he obs]ves--,electrical discov]ies h be5 made s mu* by accid5t1 t x is m ! p[]s ( nature1 ?an ( human g5ius1 t excite our wond]s ) respect to !m4 #fg ,! ,hi/ory & ,pres5t ,/ate ( ,electricity2 by ,jos4 ,prie/ley1 ,,ll4,d4 ,f4,r4,s41 c4 ,london1 #agie4 #fh ,dr4 ,prie/ley augur$ mu* f ! tal5ts ( ,davy4 ,aft] ! publication ( 8 fir/ pap] on ,galvanism1 he wrote to him f ,am]ica1 & express$ ! pleasure he felt on f9d+ 8 fav\rite subject 9 su* able h&s4 ,prie/ley di$ 9 #ahjd1 & !re=e did n witness ,davy's success4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! unfair rivalry ( ,philosoph]s4--,bonap>te ! ,patron ( ,sci5ce4--,he lib]ates ,dolomieu4--,he f\nds a ,prize = ! enc\ragem5t ( ,electric rese>*es4--,8 lett] to ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior4--,proce$+s ( ! ,in/itute4--,! ,prize is conf]r$ on ,davy4--,! ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjg4--,! ,decomposition ( ! ,fix$ ,alkalies--,potassium--,sodium4--,! ,que/ions to :i* ! discov]y gave rise4--,int]e/+ ,extracts f ! ,manuscript ,notes ( ! ,laboratory4--,pota% decompos$ by a *emical process4--,lett]s to ,*ildr51 & ,pepys4--,! true nature ( ,pota% discov]$4--,:e!r ,ammonia conta9s ,oxyg54--,davy's sev]e ,illness4--,he recov]s & resumes 8 lab\rs4--,8 ,fi%+ ,co/ume4--,he decomposes ! ,e>?s4--,important views to :i* ! discov]y has l$4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t !re has too frequ5tly exi/$ among/ philosoph]s a /range & ung5]\s disposition to und]value ! lab\rs ( _! contempor>ies4 ,if a discov]y be made1 its tru? & importance are fir/ que/ion$2 & %\ld ^! be e/abli%$1 !n its orig9ality becomes a subject ( dispute4 ,tru?1 al?\gh %e may h be5 r>ely held fa/1 has be5 frequ5tly t\*$#fi 9 ! d>k3 x is n extraord9>y1 !re=e1 t evid5ce may be (t5 /ra9$ f ! writ+s ( philosoph]s 9 support ( prior claims to late discov]ies2 b ^u a c&id review1 ^! loose /atem5ts1 or obscure h9ts1 w g5]ally be f\nd :olly de/itute ( ! pret5sions :i* an unfair _s ( rivalry has too (t5 lab\r$ to support4 ,_m ( su* h9ts1 inde$1 s f> f advanc+ ! progress ( tru?1 _h nev] ev5 attract$ notice1 until aft] ! discov]ies to :i* !y h be5 suppos$ to relate4 #fi ,a mo/ rem>kable illu/ration ( ?is fact occurs 9 ! hi/ory ( ,locke1 :o c]ta9ly came z ne> to an important discov]y z any philosoph] :o ev] caught a glimpse ( a tru? )\t seiz+ x2 b 8 /atem5t did n1 9 any degree1 ha/5 ! developem5t ( t new bran* ( sci5ce :i* 0 res]v$ = ! g5ius ( ,dr4 ,black to inve/igate1 & :o a c5tury lat]1 by ! discov]y ( fix$ air1 *ang$ ! :ole face ( ,*emi/ry4 ,! passage to :i* ,i allude is extract$ f ! ,life by ,"l ,k+1 & is s curi\s1 t ,i %all give x a place 9 ?is note4 ,m4 ,to9>d produc$ a l>ge bottle ( ,muscat3 x 0 cle> :5 he set x on ! table2 b :5 he _h drawn out ! /opp]1 a multitude ( little bubbles arose1 & swell$ ! w9e above ! m\? ( ! bottle4 ,x comes f ?is1 t ! air1 :i* 0 includ$ & dissem9at$ 9 ! liquor1 _h lib]ty to exp& itself1 & s to become visible1 &1 be+ mu* light] ?an ! liquor1 to m\nt ) great quickness4--,qu]e1 ,:e!r ?is be air new g5]at$1 or :e!r ! spr+y p>ticles ( air 9 ! fruit1 out ( :i* ^! f]m5t+ liquors are drawn1 h1 by ! artifice ( ,nature1 be5 press$ close toge!r1 & !re by o!r p>ticles fa/5$ & held s2 & :e!r f]m5tation does n loose ^! b&s1 & give !m lib]ty to exp& !mselves aga98 ,take a bottle ( f]m5t+ liquor1 & tie a bladd] on ! m\?4--,qu]e1 ,h[ mu* new air w x produce2 & :e!r ?is has ! quality ( common air8 ,ano!r in/ance equally illu/rative ( ! mann] 9 :i* important tru?s w sometimes elude notice1 ev5 aft] ,sci5ce has approa*$ s ne> z to t\* !m1 is pres5t$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,b>omet]4 ,toricelli1 ! pupil ( ,galileo1 :ile reflect+ ^u ! ph5om5on :i* _h s greatly p]plex$ 8 ma/]1 viz4 t wat] c\ld n be rais$ above ?irty-two feet 9 ! body ( a pump1 rightly conjectur$ t ! wat]1 "u su* circum/ances1 0 n drawn1 b pu%$ up into ! b>rel1 & t x c\ld only be s pu%$ up by ! =ce ( ! atmosph]e4 ,x !n occurr$ to him1 t if m]cury 7 us$ in/ead ( wat]1 be+ heavi]1 x w\ld n be pu%$ up s high by ! weight ( ! air4 ,s1 tak+ a glass tube ( ab\t ?ree feet 9 height1 made air-tight at "o end1 he fir/ fill$ x completely ) quicksilv]1 & !n clos+ x ) 8 f+]1 rev]s$ x 9 a bas9 conta9+ t metal2 :5 he _h ! gratification ( see+ ! liquid 9 ! tube desc5d1 z he _h anticipat$4 ,"h !n 0 ! discov]y ( ! ,,b>omet]2 b x 0 res]v$ = ano!r to f9d out t su* an in/rum5t _h be5 actually inv5t$4 ,pascal fir/ made ! rem>k1 t ! inf]5ce ( ,toricelli1 if true1 might be confirm$ by c>ry+ ! m]curial tube to a consid]able elevation2 :5 ! atmosph]ic column be+ dim9i%$1 t ( ! m]cury1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be its balance1 ought likewise to be %ort5$ 9 a correspond+ proportion4 ,x foll[$ !n1 t a measure ( ! weight ( ! atmosph]e1 9 all circum/ances1 _h be5 obta9$1 & consequ5tly t ( ! height ( any place to :i* ! in/rum5t c\ld be c>ri$4 ,9 ?is mann] 0 a discov]y complet$1 :i* _h = ages escap$ ! greate/ philosoph]s :o _h made ! ne>e/ approa*es to its developem5t4 ,al?\gh ! importance ( ,davy's ,electro-*emical discov]ies c\ld n = a mom5t be d\bt$2 _! claims to orig9ality1 x w\ld seem1 7 n admitt$ )\t "s "q4 ,! works ( ,ritt] & ,w9t]l1 among/ _m o!rs1 7 quot$ to %[ t ^! philosoph]s _h imag9$ or anticipat$ ! relation betwe5 electrical p[]s & *emical aff9ities2 b ,davy v fairly obs]ves1 9 a pap] read be=e ! ,royal ,society 9 #ahbf1 t 9 ! obscurity ( ! language & metaphysics ( bo? ^? g5tlem51 x is difficult to say :at may n be f\nd4 ,9 ! +5i\s ?\gh wild views ( ,ritt]1 !re are h9ts :i* may m readily be consid]$ z apply+ to ,electro-magnetism ?an to ,electro-*emi/ry2 :ile ,w9t]l's ,miracul\s ,&ronia might1 ) z mu* propriety1 be consid]$ z a type ( all ! *emical sub/ances t h be5 s9ce discov]$1 z 8 view ( ! antagoni/ p[]s 7! acid & base7 be reg>d$ z an anticipation ( ! ,electro-*emical !ory4 ,x w\ld be worse ?an useless to speak ( o!r works1 :i* ref] ! orig9 ( ,electro-*emi/ry to ,g]many1 ,sw$51 & ,france1 r ?an to ,italy & ,engl&2 & :i* attribute "s ( ! views fir/ develop$ by ,davy1 to philosoph]s :o h n1 nor ev] c\ld h made any claim ( ! k9d1 s9ce _! exp]im5ts 7 actually n publi%$ until _m ye>s aft] #ahjf1 ! date ( ! ,bak]ian ,lecture4 ,) reg>d to ! judgm5t ( po/]ity ^u ^! po9ts1 b little appreh5sion c be ent]ta9$4 ,i well rememb]1 9 a conv]sation ) ,davy1 he obs]v$1 t a philosoph] might g5]ally discov] h[ 8 lab\rs w\ld be appreciat$ 9 aft] ages1 f ! op9ion ent]ta9$ ( !m by contempor>y =eign]s1 :o1 be+ unbiass$ by circum/ances ( p]sonality1 w r$uce e object to its j proportions & value4 ,if we ackn[l$ge ! tru? ( su* a /&>d1 & submit ! po/hum\s fame ( ,davy to its measure1 :]e is ! philosoph]1 9 our times1 ^: "n is de/9$ to atta9 a high] em95ce 9 ! hi/ory ( ,sci5ce8 ,let ! read] only recall to 8 recollection ! bitt] animosity :i* ,france & ,engl& mutually ent]ta9$ t[>ds ea* o!r 9 ! ye> #ahjg1 & he w be able to =m "s idea ( ! a/\nd+ impression :i* ! ,bak]ian ,lecture mu/ h produc$ on ! ,savans ( ,p>is1 :51 9 despite ( national prejudice & national vanity1 x 0 cr[n$ by ! ,in/itute ( ,france ) ! prize ( ! ,fir/ ,consul6 ,?us did ! ,voltaic batt]y1 9 ! h&s ( ! ,engli% *emi/1 a*ieve :at all ! artill]y ( ,brita9 c\ld nev] h produc$--,a ,,spontane\s ,,& ,,will+ ,,homage ,,to ,,briti% ,,sup]iority6--,b let n ?is obs]vation convey ! slighte/ idea ( disrespect1 or be suppos$ to enc\rage any feel+ to ! disp>agem5t ( ! *emi/s ( ,france2 on ! contr>y1 x is ev5 a "q n readily answ]$1 to :i* p>ty ! triumph fairly belongs1--to him :o won ! laurel cr[n1 or to ^? :o s nobly plac$ x on 8 br[8 ,!y h set an example to future ages1 :i* may z mat]ially advance ! progress ( sci5ce1 z ! rese>*es :i* call$ x =?3--!y h %[n1 to adopt ! language ( an eloqu5t writ]1 t ! ,commonweal? ( ,sci5ce is ( no p>ty1 & ( no nation2 t x is a pure ,republic1 & always at peace4 ,its %ades are di/urb$ nei!r by dome/ic malice nor =eign levy2 !y res\nd n ) ! cries ( faction or ( public animosity4 ,falsehood is ! only enemy _! inhabitants d5\nce2 ,tru?1 & h] m9i/] ,reason1 ! only lead]s !y foll[4 ,i %all avail myself ( ?is opportunity to introduce ! ,report drawn up by ,m4 ,biot1 & made 9 ! "n ( a ,commission appo9t$ by ! ,in/itute to accompli% ! int5tion ( ,bonap>te1 :o1 :5 ,fir/ ,consul1 f\nd$ prizes = important discov]ies 9 ,electricity or ,galvanism4 ,x is an op9ion v g5]ally receiv$1 t despotism is ho/ile to ! progress ( ,philosophy--t ! suspicion natural to tyranny1 & ! fe> t light %\ld expose its de=mity1 h1 "u su* circum/ances1 inspir$ a dread ( any ?+ approa*+ to fre$om ( enquiry4 ,! conduct ( ,napoleon1 n only dur+ 8 ,consulate1 b ev5 aft] he _h assum$ ! ,purple1 is 9 direct opposition to su* an op9ion4 ,n[ t ! excitem5ts ( national ho/ility h subsid$1 & ! asp]ity ( our feel+s t[>ds t extraord9>y man has be5 s(t5$ by "t & prosp]ity1 we are enabl$ to disc]n ! bright & sunny spots 9 8 "*4 ,n to m5tion ! imm5se plans :i* 8 g5ius sugge/$ = ! int]nal improvem5t ( ,france1 ! annals ( ! ,in/itute w\ld furni% innum]able pro(s ( ! zeal ) :i* he enc\rag$ ,sci5ce1 & promot$ its int]e/s4 ,8 lib]ation ( ,dolomieu f ! dungeons ( ,t>5tum 0 an act n only rem>kable = ! consid]ate reg>d x display$ = ,sci5ce1 b = ! _s & eag]ness ) :i* x 0 effect$4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t _h repeat$ly made ! mo/ urg5t dem&s = ! lib]ty ( "o :o _h reflect$ s mu* cr$it on 8 c\ntry2--! ,danes _h also direct$ ! int]f]5ce ( _! ,m9i/]1 & ! ,k+ ( ,spa9 _h add$ 8 solicitations 9 va93--no soon]1 h[ev]1 _h ! a/oni%+ campaign :i* t]m9at$ by ! victory ( ,m>5go1 completely e/abli%$ ! ,fr5* ,republic1 ?an ,bonap>te1 9 mak+ peace ) ,naples1 /ipulat$ = ! imm$iate deliv]ance ( ,dolomieu1 z ! fir/ article ( ! treaty4 ,! foll[+ lett] f ,bonap>te1 address$ to ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 & by him transmitt$ to ! ,in/itute1 expresses ! int5tions ( ! ,fir/ ,consul1 9 f\nd+ prizes = important discov]ies 9 ,electricity or ,galvanism4 ,i int5d1 ,citiz5 ,m9i/]1 to f\nd a prize1 consi/+ ( a ,m$al ( ?ree ?\s& francs1 7ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty p\nds /]l+17 = ! be/ exp]im5t :i* %all be made 9 ! c\rse ( ea* ye>1 on ! ,galvanic fluid4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! ,memoirs conta9+ ! details ( ! said exp]im5ts %all be s5t be=e ! ,fir/ ( ,fructidor1 to ! ,class ( ! ,ma!matical & ,physical ,sci5ces1 :i* 9 ! complim5t>y days %all adjudge ! prize to ! au?or ( t exp]im5t :i* has be5 mo/ useful to ! progress ( ,sci5ce4 ,i also desire to give1 by ! way ( enc\ragem5t1 ! sum ( sixty ?\s& francs to ! p]son :o1 by 8 exp]im5ts & discov]ies1 %all1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! ,class1 advance ! k ( ,electricity & ,galvanism z mu* z ,frankl9 & ,volta did4#gj ,=eign]s ( all nations are admitt$ to ! competition4 ,i beg y w make kn[n ^! dispositions to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,fir/ ,class ( ! ,national ,in/itute1 t x may give to ^! ideas su* developem5t z may appe> prop]2 my p>ticul> object be+ to enc\rage philosoph]s1 & to direct _! att5tion to ?is "p ( philosophy1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 may lead to great discov]ies4 7,sign$7 ,,bonap>te4 #gj celui qui1 p> ses expri5ces et ses dc\v]tes1 f]a faire l',electricit et au ,galvanisme un pas comp>able celui qu'ont fait faire ces ,sci5ces ,frankl9 et ,volta4 ,my ,fr5* correspond5t adds1 ,ces soixantes mille francs n'ont pas t adjugs1 le pas n'ayant po9t t fait4 ,^u ! pres5tation ( ?is lett]1 a ,committee 0 appo9t$ to consid] ! means = accompli%+ ! int5tions ( ! ,fir/ ,consul2 & aft] expatiat+ ^u ! ext5sive ag5cies ( ,electricity1 _! ,report concludes 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,to fulfill ! int5tion ( ! ,fir/ ,consul1 & to give to ! competition all ! solemnity :i* ! importance ( ! object1 ! nature ( ! ,prize1 & ! "* ( ! ,f\nd] require1 ! ,commission]s unanim\sly propose z foll[s3 ,! ,class ( ! ,ma!matical & ,physical ,sci5ces ( ! ,national ,in/itute op5s ! g5]al competition requir$ by ! ,fir/ ,consul4 ,all ! le>n$ ( ,europe1 & ! ,memb]s & ,associates ( ! ,in/itute1 are admitt$ to ! competition4 ,! ,class does n require t ! ,memoirs %\ld be imm$iately address$ to x4 ,e ye> x w cr[n ! au?or ( ! be/ exp]im5ts :i* %all come to its k1 & :i* %all h advanc$ ! progress ( ! sci5ce4 ,! pres5t report1 conta9+ ! lett] ( ! ,fir/ ,consul1 %all be pr9t$1 & s]ve z a programme4 ,done at ! ,national ,in/itute1 ,messidor #aa1 ye> #aj4 7,sign$7 ,,laplace1 ,,halle1 ,,c\lomb1 ,,hauy4 ,,biot1 ,report]4 ,x 0 n until twelve mon?s aft] ! publication ( 8 fir/ ,bak]ian ,lecture1 t ,davy receiv$ ! intellig5ce t ! prize ( ?ree ?\s& francs _h be5 aw>d$ him by ! ,in/itute ( ,france1 = 8 discov]ies ann\nc$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = ! ye> #ahjg4 ,mr4 ,poole1 9 a late communication1 in=ms me t he 0 9 ,london soon aft] ! lett] communicat+ ?is gratify+ intellig5ce _h be5 receiv$ f ,france2 & t ,davy1 ^u %[+ x to him1 obs]v$1 ,"s p say ,i ought n to accept ?is prize2 & !re h be5 fooli% p>agraphs 9 ! pap]s to t effect2 b if ! two c\ntries or gov]nm5ts are at w>1 ! m5 ( sci5ce are n4 ,t w\ld1 inde$1 be a civil w> ( ! wor/ description3 we %\ld r1 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( m5 ( sci5ce1 s(t5 ! asp]ities ( national ho/ility4 ,aft] ,davy _h be5 elect$ ,secret>y to ! ,royal ,society1 he appe>s to h be5 conf9$ to t[n dur+ ! autumn ( #ahjg1 :5 he wrote ! foll[+ lett]4 ,,to ,,?omas ,,poole1 ,,esq4 ,augu/ #bh?1 #ahjg4 ,,my ,,de> ,,poole1 ,i am oblig$ to be 9 ! neighb\rhood ( t[n dur+ ! great] "p ( ! summ]1 = ! purpose ( correct+ ! press = ! ,philosophical ,transactions4 ,i made a rapid j\rney into ,cornwall = ! sake ( see+ my family2 & x 0 n 9 my p[]1 _h ,i receiv$ y\r lett] at ,lyme1 to h accept$ y\r k9d invitation4 ,if ,c---- is /ill ) y1 w y be k9d en\gh to say to him1 t ,i wrote ne>ly a week ago two lett]s ab\t lectures1 & n kn[+ :]e he 01 ,i address$ !m to him at diff]5t places8 ,i wi% v mu* he w\ld s]i\sly det]m9e on ?is po9t4 ,! ,manag]s ( ! ,royal ,in/itution are v anxi\s to engage him2 & ,i ?9k he might be ( mat]ial s]vice to ! public1 & ( b5efit to 8 own m9d1 to say no?+ ( ! b5efit 8 purse might also receive4 ,9 ! pres5t condition ( society1 8 op9ions 9 matt]s ( ta/e1 lit]ature1 & metaphysics1 mu/ h a heal?y influ5ce2 & unless he soon become an actual memb] ( ! liv+ _w1 he mu/ expect to be h]eaft] br\ght to judgm5t '= hid+ 8 light4' ,! times seem to me to be less dang]\s1 z to ! imm$iate /ate ( ?is c\ntry1 ?an !y 7 f\r ye>s ago4 ,! ext5sion ( ! ,fr5* ,empire has weak5$ ! disposable =ce ( ,france4 ,bonap>te seems to h ab&on$ ! idea ( invasion2 & if our ,gov]nm5t is active1 we h little to dread f a m>itime w>1 at lea/ = "s "t4 ,soon] or lat]1 our ,colonial ,empire mu/ fall 9 due "t1 :5 x has answ]$ its ends4 ,! weal? ( our isl& mu/ be dim9i%$1 b ! /r5g? ( m9d ( ! p _c easily pass away2 & our lit]ature1 our sci5ce1 our arts1 & ! dignity ( our nature1 dep5d little ^u our ext]nal relations4 ,:5 we _h few] colonies ?an ,g5oa1 we _h ,bacons & ,%akspe>es4 ,! weal? & prosp]ity ( ! c\ntry are only ! comel9ess ( ! body--! fulness ( ! fle% & fat2--b ! _s is indep5d5t ( !m2 x requires only muscle1 bone1 & n]ve1 = ! true ex]cise ( its functions4 ,we _c lose our lib]ty1 because we _c cease to ?9k2 & t5 millions ( p are n easily annihilat$4 ,i am1 my de> ,poole1 v truly y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,:ile ! ,electro-*emical laws1 develop$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 are fre% 9 ! recollection ( ! read]1 ,i %all proce$ to ! consid]ation ( 8 second ,bak]ian ,lecture1 :i* 0 read 9 ,novemb] #ahjg2 & 9 :i* he ann\nces ! discov]y ( ! metallic bases ( ! fix$ alkalies1--a discov]y imm$iately aris+ f ! application ( ,voltaic electricity1 direct$ 9 accordance ) ^? laws2--?us hav+1 z we h se5 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 asc5d$ f p>ticul> ph5om5a to g5]al pr9ciples1 he n[ desc5ds f ^? pr9ciples to ! discov]y ( new ph5om5a3 a me?od ( inve/igation by :i* he may be said to h appli$ to 8 inductions ! sev]e/ te/s ( tru?1 & to h produc$ a *a9 ( evid5ce )\t hav+ a s+le l9k defici5t4 ,s9ce ! acc\nt giv5 by ,newton ( 8 fir/ discov]ies 9 ,optics1 x may be que/ion$ :e!r s happy & successful an in/ance ( philosophical induction has ev] be5 af=d$ z t by :i* ,davy discov]$ ! composition ( ! fix$ alkalies4 ,_h x be5 true1 z 0 mo/ unju/ly ins9uat$ at ! "t1 t ! discov]y 0 accid5tally effect$ by ! high p[] ( ! app>atus plac$ at 8 disposal1 8 claims to our admiration w\ld h assum$ a v diff]5t "*3 9 su* a case1 he might be said to h =c$ op5 ! sanctu>y ( ,nature by direct viol5ce1 in/ead ( hav+ discov]$ & t\*$ ! secret spr+ by :i* its portals 7 unclos$4 ,! ju/ice ( ^! rem>ks w be/ appe> 9 ! exam9ation ( 8 memoir3 ! highe/ eulogy t c be conf]r$ on its au?or w be a fai?ful & pla9 hi/ory ( its cont5ts4 ,x w be rememb]$ t1 9 8 prec$+ lecture ( #ahjf1 he _h describ$ a numb] ( decompositions & *emical *anges produc$ 9 sub/ances ( kn[n composition1 by ! p[]s ( electricity1 & t 9 all su* cases !re inv>iably subsi/$ an attraction betwe5 oxyg5 & ! positive pole1 & betwe5 inflammable matt] & ! negative pole ( ! pile3 ?us1 9 ! decomposition ( wat]1 its oxyg5 0 transf]r$ to ! =m]1 & its hydrog5 to ! latt]4 ,furni%$ ) su* data1 ,davy proce$$ to submit a fix$ alkali to ! mo/ int5se action ( ! ,voltaic app>atus1 well conv9c$ t1 %\ld ! electrical en]gy be adequate to effect its decomposition1 ! elem5ts w\ld be transf]r$1 accord+ to ?is g5]al law1 to _! respective poles4 ,8 fir/ attempts 7 made on solutions ( ! alkalies2 b1 not)/&+ ! int5sity ( ! electric action1 ! wat] alone und]w5t decomposition1 & oxyg5 & hydrog5 7 dis5gag$ ) ! production ( mu* heat1 & viol5t eff]vesc5ce4 ,! pres5ce ( wat] ?us appe>+ to prev5t ! desir$ decomposition1 pota%1 9 a /ate ( igne\s fusion1 0 9 v>i\s ways submitt$ to exp]im5t2 :5 x 0 evid5t t combu/ible matt] ( "s k9d1 burn+ ) a vivid light1 0 giv5 (f at ! negative wire4 ,aft] num]\s trials1 dur+ ! progress ( :i* ! difficulties :i* successively arose 7 z imm$iately combat$ by +5i\s manipulation1 a small piece ( pota% suffici5tly moi/5$1 by a %ort exposure to ! air1 to give its surface a conduct+ p[]1 0 plac$ on an insulat$ disc ( plat9a1 connect$ ) ! negative side ( ! batt]y 9 a /ate ( int5se activity1 & a plat9a wire communicat+ ) ! positive side1 0 at ! same in/ant br\ght into contact )9 ! upp] surface ( ! alkali4--,m>k :at foll[$6--,a s]ies ( ph5om5a1 ea* ( :i* ! read] w readily und]/& z x is ann\nc$1--= x w be 9 /rict accordance ) ! laws :i* ,davy _h previ\sly e/abli%$3--! pota% began to fuse at bo? its po9ts ( electrization3 a viol5t eff]vesc5ce comm5c$ at ! upp]1 or positive surface2 :ile at ! l[]1 or negative "o1 in/ead ( any lib]ation ( ela/ic matt]1 :i* w\ld probably h happ5$ _h hydrog5 be5 an elem5t ( ! alkal9e body1 small globules1 resembl+ quicksilv]1 appe>$1 "s ( :i* 7 no soon] =m$ ?an !y burnt ) explosion & bright flame4--,:at mu/ h be5 ! s5sations ( ,davy at ?is mom5t6--,he _h decompos$ pota%1 & obta9$ its base 9 a metallic =m4 ,! gase\s matt] develop$1 dur+ ! exp]im5t1 at ! positive pole ( ! app>atus1 he v %ortly id5tifi$ z oxyg54 ,to collect1 h[ev]1 ! metallic matt]1 9 a quantity suffici5t = a satisfactory exam9ation1 0 by no means s easy2 =1 l ! ,alkahe/ imag9$ by ! ,al*emi/1 x act$ m or less ^u e body to :i* x 0 expos$2 & su* 0 its attraction = oxyg51 t x spe$ily rev]t$ to ! /ate ( alkali by recomb9+ ) x4 ,aft] v>i\s trials1 h[ev]1 x 0 f\nd t rec5tly di/ill$ naph?a pres5t$ a m$ium 9 :i* x might be pres]v$ & exam9$1 s9ce a ?9 transp>5t film ( ?is fluid1 :ile x def5d$ ! metal f ! action ( ! atmosph]e1 did n oppose any ob/acle to ! inve/igation ( its physical prop]ties4 ,?us provid$1 he proce$$ to enquire into ! nature ( ! new & s+ul> body1 to :i* he aft]w>ds gave ! "n ( ,,potassium1 & :i* may be describ$ z foll[s4 ,its ext]nal "* is t ( a :ite metal1 in/antly t>ni%+ by exposure to air2 at ! temp]ature ( #gj ,fah4 x exi/s 9 small globules1 :i* possess ! metallic lu/re1 opacity1 & g5]al appe>ance ( quicksilv]2 s t :5 a globule ( ! latt] is plac$ ne> "o ( ! =m]1 ! eye _c discov] any diff]5ce betwe5 !m3 at ?is temp]ature1 h[ev]1 ! metal is n p]fectly fluid2 b :5 gradually heat$1 x becomes m s1--& at #aej1 its fluidity is s p]fect t sev]al globules may be easily made to run into "o4 ,by r$uc+ its temp]ature1 x becomes1 at #ej1 a s(t & malleable solid1 :i* has ! lu/re ( poli%$ silv]1 & is s(t en\gh to be m\ld$ l wax4 ,at ab\t ! freez+ po9t ( wat] x becomes h>d & brittle1 & exhibits1 :5 brok51 a cry/alliz$ /ructure ( p]fect :it5ess1 & ( high metallic spl5d\r4 ,x is also a p]fect conductor bo? ( electricity & heat4 ,?us f>1 !n1 x fulfills e condition ( a metal2 b an anomaly ( a mo/ />tl+ description has n[ to be m5tion$--! abs5ce ( a quality :i* has be5 z inv>iably associat$ ) ! idea ( a metal1 z t ( lu/re1 viz4 great specific gravity4 ,:5ce a "q has aris51 :e!r1 aft] all1 ! alkal9e base c ) propriety be class$ "u t d5om9ation8 ,in/ead ( possess+ t pond]osity :i* we %\ld h expect$ 9 a body o!rwise metallic1 x is s light z n only to swim ^u ! surface ( wat]1 b ev5 ^u t ( naph?a1 by f> ! lighte/ liquid 9 nature4 ,davy1 h[ev]1 v ju/ly argues1 t l[ specific gravity does n (f] a suffici5t reason = degrad+ ?is body f ! rank ( a metal2 = among/ ^? :i* con/itute ! class1 !re are rem>kable diff]5ces ) respect to ?is quality2 t plat9a is ne>ly f\r times z heavy z tellurium4 ,9 ! philosophical division ( bodies into classes1 ! analogy betwe5 ! great] numb] ( prop]ties mu/ always be ! f\ndation ( arrangem5t4#ga #ga ,! propriety1 & ev5 ! necessity1 ( su* a compact become daily m app>5t1 z our k ( bodies ext5ds4 ,if we 7 to degrade a sub/ance f its class1 9 consequ5ce ( ! abs5ce ( "s "o quality :i* ent]s into its m p]fect examples1 we %\ld soon f9d ourselves involv$ 9 p>adoxes4--,:at idea1 = in/ance1 c\ld we =m ( an acid8--,its s\rness8--,prussic ,acid--,ars5i\s ,acid1 are n s\r4--,its t5d5cy to comb9e ) an alkal9e or e>?y base8--,if s1 sug> is an acid1 = x comb9es ) lime4 ,i rememb] a *emi/ hav+ be5 expos$ to mu* ridicule f speak+ ( a sweet acid--,:y n8 ,s insep>able h[ev]1 by long association1 are ! ideas ( pond]osity & metallic spl5d\r1 t ! evid5ce ev5 ( ! s5ses may fail 9 disunit+ !m4#gb ,?is is well illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ amus+ anecdote4 ,%ortly aft] ! discov]y ( potassium1 ,dr4 ,george ,pe>son happ5$ to ent] ! laboratory 9 ! ,royal ,in/itution1 & ^u be+ %[n ! new sub/ance1 & int]rogat$ z to its nature1 he1 )\t ! lea/ hesitation1 on see+ its lu/re1 exclaim$1 ,:y1 x is metallic1 to be sure1 & !n1 balanc+ x on 8 f+]1 he add$1 9 ! same tone ( confid5ce1 ,bless me1 h[ heavy x is6 #gb ,9 ! language ( ,d>w91 we %\ld say1 t ! simple ideas ( weight & lu/re1 :i* =m ! complex idea ( a metal1 h become s indissoluble1 t !y c no long] be sep>at$ by volition4 ,! pr9ciple admits ( _m famili> illu/rations1 & is ! s\rce ( num]\s fallacies4 ,:5 any "o volunt>ily recollects a ,go?ic w9d[1 :i* he _h se5 "s "t be=e1 ! :ole front ( ! ,ca!dral occurs to him at ! same "t3 9 l mann]1 ! ta/e ( a p9e-apple1 ?\gh we eat x bl9dfold1 recalls ! col\r & %ape ( x4 ,col]idge has made a good rem>k ^u ?is subject4 ,he says1 ,x is a great law ( ! imag9ation1 t a lik5ess 9 "p t5ds to become a lik5ess ( ! :ole4 ,x is ?us t we trace images 9 ! fire1 ca/les 9 ! cl\ds1 & spectres 9 ! gloom ( twilight4 ,:5 ?r[n ^u wat]1 potassium in/antly decomposes t fluid1 & an explosion is produc$ ) a vehem5t flame3 an exp]im5t :i* is r5d]$ m /rik+ if1 = wat]1 ice be sub/itut$2 9 ?is latt] case1 x in/antly bums ) a bright rose-col\r$ flame1 & a deep hole is made 9 ! ice1 :i* w aft]w>ds be f\nd to conta9 a solution ( pota%4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to /ate1 t ^! ph5om5a dep5d ^u ! v p[]ful aff9ity :i* ! metal possesses = oxyg51 enabl+ x ev5 to sep>ate x f its mo/ subtle comb9ations4#gc #gc ,if we are dispos$ to ent] into a m critical exam9ation ( ! subject1 we %all f9d t1 al?\gh ! above is a g5]al expression ( ! *ange produc$1 !re are subord9ate actions ( a m complicat$ nature3 ! metal1 9 ! fir/ place1 decomposes a portion ( ! wat]1 9 ord] to comb9e ) its oxyg51 & =m pota%1 :i* 9 its turn has a p[]ful aff9ity = wat]2 ! heat aris+ f two causes1 decomposition & comb9ation1 is suffici5tly int5se to produce ! inflammation4 ,wat] is a bad conductor ( heat2 ! globule swims expos$ to air2 a "p ( :i* is dissolv$ by ! heat$ nasc5t hydrog52 & ?is gas1 be+ capable ( spontane\s inflammation1 explodes & communicates ! effect ( combu/ion to any ( ! bases t may be yet uncomb9$4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! potassium runs along ! surface ( wat] may be comp>$ to a drop ( wat] on r$-hot iron2 9 ! "o case ! hot potassium1 9 ! o!r ! cold wat]1 is envelop$ 9 an atmosph]e ( /eam4 ,"o ( ! neate/ modes ( %[+ ! production ( alkali1 9 ! decomposition ( wat] by ! basis ( pota%1 consi/s 9 dropp+ a globule ( potassium ^u moi/5$ pap] t+$ ) turm]ic4 ,at ! mom5t t x comes into contact ) ! wat]1 x burns & moves rapidly ^u ! pap]1 z if 9 se>* ( moi/ure1 leav+ beh9d x a deep r$di%-br[n trace ( its progress1 & act+ ^u ! te/ pap] precisely z dry cau/ic pota%4 ,f ^! obs]vations1 ! read] w imm$iately p]ceive1 t ! decomposition ( ! fix$ alkalies has plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! exp]im5tali/ a new in/rum5t ( rese>*1 sc>cely less en]getic1 or ( less univ]sal application1 ?an ! p[] f :i* ! discov]y emanat$4 ,davy obs]ves ^u ?is po9t1 t x w und\bt$ly prove a p[]ful ag5t = analysis1 & hav+ an aff9ity = oxyg51 /rong] ?an any o!r kn[n sub/ance1 x may possibly sup]s$e ! application ( electricity to "s ( ! undecomp\nd$ bodies4 ,s /rong inde$ is its aff9ity = oxyg51 t x discov]s & decomposes ! small quantities ( wat] conta9$ 9 alcohol & e!r2 & 9 ! latt] case1 ?is decomposition is connect$ ) an in/ructive result4 ,pota% is insoluble 9 t fluid3 :5 !re=e its base is ?r[n into x1 oxyg5 is furni%$1 hydrog5 gas dis5gag$1 & ! alkali1 z x is reg5]at$1 r5d]s ! e!r :ite & turbid4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ beautiful illu/ration ( its deoxidiz+ p[] is af=d$ by its action on c>bonic acid gas1 or fix$ air3 :5 heat$ 9 contact ) t gas1 x cat*es fire1 & by unit+ ) its oxyg51 becomes pota%1 :ile ! lib]at$ c>bon is deposit$ 9 ! =m ( *>coal4 ,z ,i h already exce$$ ! limits orig9ally prescrib$ to myself1 ,i %all n ent] into ! hi/ory ( ,davy's exp]im5ts on ! o!r fix$ alkali1 soda1 f>!r ?an to /ate t1 :5 x 0 submitt$ to ,voltaic action1 a bright metal 0 obta9$1 simil> 9 its g5]al *>act]s to potassium1 b possess+ suffici5tly di/9ctive peculi>ities z to volatility1 fusibility1 oxidability1 c4 ,to ?is body ,davy assign$ ! "n ( ,,sodium4#gd #gd ,9 8 ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahaj1 he in=ms u t he obta9s ,sodium by heat+ common salt1 :i* has be5 previ\sly ignit$1 ) ,potassium--an imm$iate decomposition takes place1 & two p>ts ( ,potassium produce r m ?an "o ( ,sodium4 ,9 support ( ! metallic *>act]s ( ^! alkal9e bases1 x may be necess>y to /ate t !y comb9e ) ea* o!r1 & =m alloys2 ! prop]ties & habitudes ( :i* are v int]e/+1 & are fully describ$ by _! discov]]4 ,no soon] _h ^! results be5 made kn[n to ! sci5tific _w1 ?an a "q arose1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & abroad1 z to ! real nature ( ! bodies :i* _h be5 ?us obta9$ f ! fix$ alkalies1 & :i* pres5t$ an aspect s obvi\sly metallic4 ,at fir/1 x 0 conjectur$ by a few1 t !y might be comp\nds ( ! alkali ) ! plat9a us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts2 b ?is 0 at once disprov$ by ,davy hav+ obta9$ ! same results :5 pieces ( copp]1 silv]1 gold1 plumbago1 or ev5 *>coal1 _h be5 employ$ = complet+ ! ,voltaic circuit4 ,! effect :i* ?is & 8 subsequ5t discov]ies produc$1 9 revolutioniz+ ! !ory ( ,*emi/ry1 w =m an int]e/+ subject = discussion 9 a future "p ( ! pres5t "w3 ,i %all !re=e only rem>k 9 pass+1 t ! fact ( oxyg51 ! ackn[l$g$ pr9ciple ( acidity1 exi/+ 9 comb9ation ) a metallic base1 & imp>t+ to x ! prop]ties ( an alkali1 0 no soon] ann\nc$1 ?an its tru? 0 /r5u\sly d5i$4 ,x 0 an attack ^u op9ions sanction$ by ! g5]al suffrage ( ! sci5tific _w2--x 01 9 fact1 /orm+ ! v citadel ( _! philosophy3 no wond]1 !n1 t ! agitator %\ld h be5 assail$ ) a full cry = 8 revolution>y plans4#ge ,m4 ,curadau read a pap] be=e ! ,fr5* ,in/itute1 9 :i* he endeav\r$ to prove1 fir/1 t ! conv]sion ( ! alkalies into metals 0 n a deoxidation ( ^? bodies1 b a comb9ation ( !m ) new elem5ts2--secondly1 t ! aff9ity ( ! alkal9e metals = oxyg5 0 m]ely a *emical illusion1 occasion$ by "s body ! pres5ce ( :i* _h n be5 suspect$2--?irdly1 t c>bon 0 "o ( ! elem5ts ( ! alkal9e metals1 s9ce x c\ld be sep>at$ f !m at pleasure1 or conv]t$ into c>bonic acid2--& f\r?ly1 t if ! specific gravities ( ! new sub/ances 7 less ?an t ( wat]1 x 0 because hydrog5 0 associat$ ) c>bon 9 ! comb9ation4 #ge ,_m ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 ,davy 0 travell+ on ! ,cont95t1 a di/+ui%$ p]son ab\t a =eign c\rt1 enquir$ :o & :at he 02 nev] hav+ he>d ( 8 sci5tific fame4 ,^u be+ told t 8 discov]ies _h revolutioniz$ ,*emi/ry1 ! c\rti] promptly repli$--,i hate all revolutioni/s--8 pres5ce w n be acceptable "h4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to /ate1 t ! pres5ce ( c>bon 0 readily trac$ to s\rces ( impurity4 ,! hypo!sis :i* assum$ ! exi/5ce ( hydrog5 z an elem5t1 0 n s easily refut$4 ,x 0 esp\s$ by ,,mm4 ,gay ,lussac1 ,?n>d1 & ,ritt]1 on ! ,cont95t1 & by ,mr4 ,dalton 9 ,engl&4 ,! =m] d]iv$ _! inf]5ce f ! action ( potassium ^u ammonia1 by :i* !y obta9$ a fusible sub/ance t yield$ by heat m hydrog5 ?an ! ammonia conta9$2 ! latt] cont5d$ t potassium & sodium are prov$ to be hydrurets1 by ! v process employ$ = _! production2 =1 s9ce common pota% is a hydrat1 & oxyg5 is produc$ at "o surface1 & potassium at ! o!r1 by ,voltaic action1 he conceiv$ t ! =m] arose f ! decomposition ( wat]1 & t ! hydrog5 mu/ !re=e unite ) ! pota% to =m potassium4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t ,b]?ollet1 9 ! v s5t5ce 9 :i* he insi/$ ^u ! excessive quantity ( hydrog5 dis5gag$ 9 8 exp]im5t1 z a pro( t potassium mu/ be a hydruret1 %\ld h /at$ t ! addition ( wat] to ! residuum 0 necess>y = obta9+ 8 result4 ,h[ c\ld x h happ5$ t he ov]look$ s obvi\s a s\rce ( hydrog58 ,mr4 ,dalton1 z well z ,ritt]1 consid]$ ! l[ specific gravity z fav\r+ ! idea ( _! conta9+ hydrog52 b ,davy obs]ves t !y are less volatile ?an antimony1 ars5ic1 & tellurium1 & mu* less s ?an m]cury4 ,besides1 sodium absorbs mu* m oxyg5 ?an potassium1 &1 on ! hypo!sis ( hydrog5ation1 mu/ !re=e conta9 m hydrog52 & yet ?\gh soda is said to be light] ?an pota%1 9 ! proportion ( ?irte5 to sev5te5 ne>ly1 sodium is heavi] ?an potassium1 9 ! proportion ( n9e to sev5 at lea/4 ,on ! !ory ( ,davy1 ?is circum/ance is :at ought to h be5 expect$4 ,potassium has a mu* /rong] aff9ity = oxyg5 ?an sodium1 & mu/ cond5se x mu* m2 & ! result+ high] specific gravity ( ! comb9ation is a necess>y consequ5ce4 ,9 ?is mann] did ,davy entangle 8 oppon5ts 9 _! own argum5ts1 & e/abli%1 9 ! mo/ triumphant mann]1 ! tru?s ( 8 orig9al views4 ,?us !n 0 a discov]y effect$1 & at once r5d]$ complete1 :i* all ! *emi/s 9 ,europe _h va9ly attempt$ to accompli%4 ,! alkalies _h be5 tortur$ by e v>iety ( exp]im5t :i* +5uity c\ld sugge/1 or p]sev]ance p]=m1 b all 9 va92 nor 0 ! pursuit ab&on$ until indefatigable ef=t _h wreck$ ! pati5ce & exhau/$ e res\rce ( ! exp]im5tali/4 ,su* 0 ! di%e>t5+1 & almo/ =lorn condition ( ! philosoph] :5 ,davy ent]$ ! field3--he creat$ new in/rum5ts1 new p[]s1 & fre% res\rces2 & ,nature1 ?us int]rogat$ on a diff]5t plan1 at once reveal$ h] long *]i%$ secret4 ,9 8 ,bak]ian ,lecture1 ,davy obs]ves1 t a hi/orical detail ( ! progress ( ! inve/igation ( all ! difficulties t occurr$1 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 ov]come1 & ( all ! manipulations employ$1 w\ld f> exce$ ! limits assign$ to a ,lecture4 ,b to ! *emi/1 e circum/ance1 h[ev] m9ute1 connect$ ) a subject ( su* comm&+ importance1 is pregnant ) int]e/2 ,i !re=e consid]$ x my duty to se>* into ! ar*ives ( ! ,in/itution1 9 ! hope t ,i %\ld discov] "s memor&a :i* might supply additional in=mation4 ,9 exam9+ ! ,laboratory ,regi/]1 ,i h s f> succe$$ z to obta9 "s r\gh & imp]fect notes1 :i* w1 to a c]ta9 degree1 assi/ u 9 analys+ ! intellectual op]ations by :i* 8 m9d ultimately arriv$ at ! gr& conclusion4 ,x appe>s f ?is regi/] t ,davy comm5c$ 8 enquiries into ! composition ( pota% on ! #af?1 & obta9$ 8 great result on ! #ai? ( ,octob] #ahjg4gf ,8 fir/ exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 evid5tly did n sugge/ ! tru?3 he does n appe> to h suspect$ ! nature ( ! alkal9e base until 8 la/ exp]im5t1 :5 ! tru? fla%$ ^u him 9 ! full blaze ( discov]y4 ,8 fir/ note1 dat$ ! #af?1 leads u to inf] t he act$ on a solid piece ( pota%1 "u ! surface ( alcohol1 & sev]al o!r liquids 9 :i* ! alkali 0 n soluble2 & t he obta9$ gase\s matt]1 :i* he call$ at ! mom5t ',alkalig5 ,gas1' & :i* he appe>s to h exam9$ mo/ closely1 )\t arriv+ at any conclusion z to its nature4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 he1 = ! fir/ "t1 w\ld seem to h develop$ potassium by electric action on pota% "u oil ( turp5t9e1 = ! note records ! fact ( ! globules giv+ out gas by wat]1 :i* gas burnt 9 contact ) air2 & !n foll[s a qu]y--,does x 7! matt] ( ! globules7 n =m gase\s comp\nds ) e!r1 alcohol1 & ! oils8 ,"h1 !n1 he evid5tly imag9$1 t ! matt] ( ! globules1 :i* he _h nev] obta9$ f pota%1 except :5 act$ ^u "u oil ( turp5t9e1 _h =m$ gase\s comp\nds ) ! e!r1 alcohol1 & oils 9 8 previ\s exp]im5ts1 & giv5 orig9 to t :i* he _h t]m$ ',alkalig5 ,gas4' #gf ,on ! same day he decompos$ ,soda ) some:at diff]5t ph5om5a4 ,he !n leaves ! consid]ation ( ?is gas1 & attacks ! unkn[n globules1 :i* probably did n pres5t any metallic appe>ance "u ! circum/ances 9 :i* he saw !m1 = !y mu/ h be5 z m9ute z gra9s ( s&4 ,i r ?9k t he comm5c$ 8 exam9ation by introduc+ a globule ( m]cury1 & unit+ x ) a globule ( ! unkn[n sub/ance1 = 8 note says1 ,action ( ! sub/ance on ,m]cury1--=ms ) x a solid amalgam1 :i* soon loses its ,alkalig5 9 ! air4 ,& f ! note :i* succe$s1 he evid5tly consid]$ ?is ,alkalig5 7potassium7 volatile1 z he says x soon flies (f on exposure to ! air4 ,octob] #ai4--;,x is probable t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! prop]ty :i* ! unkn[n sub/ance display$ ( amalgamat+ ) m]cury1 he devis$ 8 exp]im5t ( ! #ai?4 ,he took a small glass tube1 ab\t ! size & %ape ( a ?imble1 into :i* he fus$ a plat9um wire1 & pass$ x ?r\gh ! clos$ end4 ,he !n put a piece ( pure pota% into ?is tube1 & fus$ x into a mass ab\t ! wire1 s z entirely to def5d x f ! m]cury aft]w>ds to be us$4 ,:5 cold1 ! pota% 0 solid1 b conta9+ moi/ure en\gh to give x a conduct+ p[]2 he !n fill$ ! re/ ( ! tube ) m]cury1 & inv]t$ x ov] ! tr\gh3 ! app>atus be+ ?us arrang$1 eurka he made ! wire & ! m]cury alt]nately positive & negative4 ,& n[1 conceiv+ t ,i h suffici5tly expla9$ 8 brief notes1 ! read] %all receive ! result 9 8 own words3 = ?is purpose ,i h obta9$ an engrav+ ( ! autograph1 :i* is "h annex$2 b z x may n be v readily deciph]$1 ,i %all fir/ give ! sub/ance ( x 9 pr9t4--,:5 pota% 0 introduc$ into a tube hav+ a plat9a wire atta*$ to x--s--& fus$ into ! tube s z to be a conductor1 i4 e4 s z to conta9 j wat] en\gh1 ?\gh solid1 & ins]t$ ov] m]cury1 :5 ! plat9a 0 made negative1 no gas 0 =m$1 & ! m]cury became oxydat$1 & a small quantity ( ! alkalig5 0 produc$ r\nd ! plat9a wire1 z 0 evid5t f its quick inflammation by ! action ( wat]4 ,:5 ! m]cury 0 made ! negative1 gas 0 develop$ 9 great quantities f ! positive wire1 & none f ! negative m]cury1 & ?is gas prov$ to be pure oxyg5e--,a ,,capital ,,exp]im5t1 ,,prov+ ,,! ,,decomposition ,,( ,,pota%4 ,! ,review] ( ! ,in/itution ,j\rnal well obs]ves t ^? :o knew ,davy w be/ conceive ! en?usiasm ) :i* ?is ha/y record ( 8 success 0 da%$ (f1 & w in/antly recognise ,greek3 eurka 9 8 ,,capital ,,exp]im5t4 ,f ?is same ,regi/]1 x appe>s t1 9 ! prec$+ mon?1 he 0 deeply engag$ 9 exp]im5ts on ',antw]p blue1' :i* he f\nd to consi/ ( ,prussiate ( ,iron & ,alum9a1 probably 9 ! proportion ( two-?irds ( ! =m] to "o-?ird ( ! latt]4 ,on ! #f? ( ,octob]1 we le>n f ! same s\rce1 t he p]=m$ a beautiful exp]im5t1 t ( produc+ ! vegetation ( ! c>bon ( ! wick ( a c&le1 by plac+ x betwe5 ! wires ( ! batt]y4 ,on ! #ab? ( ! prec$+ ,septemb] he address$ a lett] to ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 :i* is curi\s1 z x %[s t v ne>ly up to ! "t ( ! decomposition ( ! alkalies1 8 m9d _h be5 engag$ on v diff]5t subjects4 ,,to ,,davies ,,giddy1 ,,esq4 ,septemb] #ab1 #ahjg4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i inclose ,mr4 ,c>ne's pap]1 :i*1 :5 y h read1 & ,mr4 ,c>ne revis$1 ,i w ?ank y to inclose to me1 & t z soon z possible1 = ! completion ( ! volume4 ,i h be5 a good deal engag$1 s9ce my return1 9 exp]im5ts on di/illation1 & ,i h succe$$ 9 effect+ :at is consid]$ ( great importance 9 colonial comm]ce1 namely1 ! depriv+ rum ( its empyreumatic "p1 & conv]t+ x into pure _s4 ,i m5tion ?is 9 confid5ce1 z x is likely to be connect$ ) "s pr(itable results2 & x may be b5eficial 9 a public po9t ( view1 by less5+ ! consumption ( malt4 ,i h he>d ( no sci5tific news2 ?is1 inde$1 is little ! season = active ex]tion4 ,) be/ respects to y\r fa!r1 & to ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,guillem>d1 ,i am1 my de> ,sir1 ,always v fai?fully y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,few notes h convey$ in=mation ( su* importance to ! sci5tific _w1 z t :i* foll[s1 ann\nc+1 at ! same "t1 ! decomposition ( ! fix$ alkalies1 & ! =mation ( ! ,geological ,society1 ( :i* x w\ld ?us appe> t ,davy 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s4 ,,to ,,william ,,hasl$9e ,,pepys1 ,,esq4 ,novemb] #ac1 #ahjg4 ,,de> ,,pepys1 ,if y & ,all5 _h be5 "o p]son1 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,royal ,society w\ld h vot$ to y ! ,copleian ,m$al2#gg b x is an indivisible ?+1 & _c be giv5 to two4 ,we are =m+ a little talk+ ,geological ,d9n] ,club1 ( :i* ,i hope y w be a memb]4 ,i %all propose y to-day4 ,"s ?+s h happ5$ 9 ! ,*emical ,club1 :i* ,i ?9k r5d] x a less desirable meet+ ?an usual1 & ,i d n ?9k y w\ld f9d any gratification 9 be+ a memb] ( x4 ,hat*ett nev] comes1 & we sometimes meet only two or ?ree4 ,i hope to see y soon4 ,i h decompos$ & recompos$ ! fix$ alkalies1 & discov]$ _! bases to be two new inflammable sub/ances v l metals2 b "o ( !m light] ?an e!r1 & inf9itely combu/ible4 ,s t !re are two bodies decompos$1 & two new elem5t>y bodies f\nd4 ,mo/ s9c]ely y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 #gg ,he alludes to a ,pap]1 entitl$ ,on ! ,quantity ( ,c>bon 9 ,c>bonic ,acid1 & on ! ,nature ( ! ,diamond2 by ,william ,all51 ,esq4 ,f4,r4,s4 & ,william ,hasl$9e ,pepys1 ,esq4 ,communicat$ by ,humphry ,davy1 ,sec4 ,r4,s4 ,m4,r4,i4,a4 ,read ,june #af1 #ahjg4 ,9 ! ye> #ahjh1 ,,mm4 ,gay ,lussac & ,?n>d succe$$ 9 decompos+ pota% by *emical means2 = :i* purpose x is only necess>y to heat iron turn+s to :it5ess 9 a curv$ gun-b>rel1 & !n to br+ melt$ pota% sl[ly 9 contact ) ! turn+s1 air be+ exclud$2 :5 ! iron1 at t high temp]ature1 w take ! oxyg5 f ! alkali1 & ! potassium may be collect$ 9 a cool "p ( ! tube4 ,x may likewise be produc$ by ignit+ pota% ) *>coal1 z ,m4 ,curaudau %[$ 9 ! same ye>4 ,9 ! foll[+ lett]1 ,davy gives an acc\nt ( 8 repeat+ ! exp]im5t ( ,,mm4 ,gay ,lussac & ,?n>d2 mix+ toge!r1 z usual1 sci5ce & angl+4 ,,to ,j4 ,g4 ,,*ildr51 ,,esq4 ,london1 ,july #ahjh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i h ?is mom5t receiv$ y\r k9d lett]1 & ,i h writt5 to ,pepys to propose to him to be ) y on ,sunday or ,monday4 ,i hope = 8 answ] to-morr[ morn+1 & ,i w write to y imm$iately4 ,i w procure all ! fi%+ tackle y h propos$1 & am mo/ happy to f9d y 9 s det]m9$ a _s = piscatory adv5ture4 ,i h _h "s lett]s f ,france2 b no?+ new1 except an acc\nt ( ! gun-b>rel exp]im5t tol]ably m9ute4 ,i h tri$ x s9ce1 & procur$ potassium1 b x 0 lo/ f "s moi/ure pass+ into ! ap]ture ( ! b>rel4 ,all t is necess>y = ! process is a gun-b>rel b5t ?us1 ?us1 ,b_/_/,a4---- ,b repres5ts ! "p :]e ! t\*-hole is clos$2 "h dry pota% is introduc$2 & ! middle1 :i* is to be /rongly ignit$1 conta9s ! fil+s2 ! pota% is gradually fus$ & made to run d[n ^u ! ignit$ iron2 ! potassium collects 9 ,a4 ,if y %\ld be able to procure ! app>atus = ?is exp]im5t1 ,i %\ld l to assi/ 9 repeat+ x2 & c\ld we procure a l>ge quantity ( ! basis1 we may try its effects1 on a great scale1 on ! undecomp\nd$ acids4 ,i w br+ "s dry boracic acid4 ,a copp] or plat9a tube1 if y h "o1 w be prop] = try+ ! exp]im5t 94 ,we may likewise try its action ^u ! e>?s1 & ^u diamond4 ,i h metalliz$ ,ammonia1#gh )\t ! application ( ,electricity4 ,:5 an amalgam ( potassium & m]cury is br\ght 9 contact ) an ammoniacal salt1 ! potassium seizes ^u ! oxyg51 & ! hydrog5 & nitrog5 unite to ! quicksilv]4 ,i _h an opportunity ( giv+ an acc\nt1 on ,friday1 to ! sci5tific m5 assembl$ at ,gre5wi*1 ( y\r magnific5t exp]im5ts & app>atus4#gi ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 ,mr4 ,cav5di%1 ,wolla/on1 c4 all express$ a /rong wi% t ! results %\ld be publi%$4 ,i am mo/ happy y h drawn up ! acc\nt4 ,i reg>d ! days ,i h pass$ 9 y\r society1 z "s ( ! pleasante/ ( my life4 ,i look =w>d ) a w>m hope to our next meet+4 ,be pleas$ to assure y\r fa!r ( my highe/ respect1 & ( my gratitude = 8 k9dness4 ,i am1 my de> ,sir1 ,v s9c]ely y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 #gh ,he "h alludes to a tra9 ( rese>*1 :i* w be consid]$ h]eaft]4 #gi ,?is obs]vation relates to ! magnific5t batt]y con/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,*ildr51 ( :i* he pres5t$ an acc\nt to ! ,royal ,society1 9 a ,pap] read 9 ,novemb] #ahjh1 entitl$1 ,an ,acc\nt ( "s ,exp]im5ts1 p]=m$ ) a view to asc]ta9 ! mo/ advantage\s ,me?od ( con/ruct+ a ,voltaic ,app>atus1 = ! purpose ( ,*emical ,rese>*4 ,by ,john ,george ,*ildr51 ,esq4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,! great batt]y describ$ 9 ?is ,pap] consi/$ ( tw5ty pairs ( plates1 ea* plate be+ f\r feet high by two feet wide3 ! sum ( all ! surfaces 0 n9ety-two ?\s& "o hundr$ & sixty squ>e in*es1 & ! quantity ( liquid necess>y = *>g+ x1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty gallons4 ,at ! same "t he con/ruct$ ano!r batt]y1 :i* consi/$ ( two hundr$ pairs ( plates1 ea* be+ only two in*es squ>e4 ,9 ! "o case1 !n1 he comm&$ ext5t ( surface1 9 ! o!r1 ext5t ( numb]2 & by a s]ies ( comp>ative exp]im5ts1 he fully e/abli%$ ! !ory ( ,davy 7page #bdf71 t ! int5sity ( ,electricity increases ) ! numb]1 & ! quantity ) ! surface4 ,x is impossible to reflect ^u ! *emical processes by :i* potassium may be obta9$1 )\t feel+ surpris$ t ! discov]y %\ld n h long be=e be5 accompli%$4 ,x is evid5t t ! sub/ance mu/ h be5 repeat$ly develop$ dur+ ! op]ations ( *emi/ry2 alkalies _h be5 frequ5tly heat$ to :it5ess 9 contact bo? ) iron & *>coal1 & 9 "s in/ances ! appe>ance ( a highly combu/ible body1 :i* c\ld h be5 no o!r ?an potassium1 _h ev5 be5 obs]v$ z a result ( ! process1 & yet no suspicion1 z to its real nature1 ev] cross$ ! m9d ( ! exp]im5tali/2 he satisfi$ himself ) designat+ su* a product1 :5ev] x occurr$1 by ! t]m ,pyrophorus4#hj ,i rememb] ! late ,mr4 ,william ,gregor in=m+ me t1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 analytical exp]im5ts ) pota% & diff]5t metals1 he _h repeat$ly obs]v$ a combu/ion on remov+ ! crucible f ! furnace1 & expos+ its cont5ts1 :i* he c\ld nev] und]/&4 ,h[ admirably d su* anecdotes illu/rate ! rem>k made 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t *apt]1 t tru? may be (t5 t\*$1 b is r>ely caught1 9 ! d>k6 #hj ,! ,pyrophorus ( ,homb]g1 ( :i* a description is to be f\nd 9 ! ,mmoires de l',academie1 = #agaa1 0 made by mix+ toge!r any combu/ible body1 z gum1 fl\r1 sug>1 *>coal1 c4 & alum1 & !n1 aft] roa/+ ! mixture till x 0 r$uc$ to a dry p[d]1 expos+ x 9 a matrass to a r$ heat4 ,9 ?is process1 ! !ory ( :i* 0 fir/ expla9$ by ,davy1 ! pota% ( ! alum is conv]t$ into potassium1 :i*1 by its absorption ( oxyg5 f ! atmosph]e1 g5]ates heat1 & sets fire to ! *>coal conta9$ 9 ! p[d]4 ,! facility ( ! combu/ion ( ! bases ( ! alkalies1 & ! read9ess ) :i* !y decompos$ wat]1 (f]$ ,davy ! ready means = det]m9+ ! proportions ( _! con/itu5t p>ts3 & 9 comp>+ all 8 results1 he ?9ks t x w be a good approximation to ! tru?1 to consid] pota% z compos$ ( ab\t six p>ts base & "o ( oxyg52 & soda1 z consi/+ ( sev5 base & two ( oxyg54 ,! discov]y ( potassium l$ to t ( ! true nature ( :at _h be5 long famili> to *emi/s by ! "n ( pure ,pota%1 b :i* ought to h be5 call$ ! hydrat1 = ! pure alkali 0 n kn[n until aft] ! discov]y ( ,davy4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,,mm4 ,gay ,lussac & ,?n>d h %[n ?is sub/ance to be a ,protoxide4 ,x is difficult ( fusion2 x has a grey col\r & a vitre\s fracture1 & dissolves 9 wat] ) mu* heat4 ,! ,p]oxide is procur$ by ! combu/ion ( potassium at a l[ temp]ature2 x _h be5 obs]v$ by ,davy 9 ,octob] #ahjg1 b at t "t he suppos$ x to be ! oxide conta9+ ! smalle/ proportion ( oxyg53 x has a yell[ col\r1 & :5 ?r[n into wat] eff]vesces1 & gives out oxyg5 gas4#ha ,:5 heat$ v /rongly ^u plat9a1 oxyg5 is also expell$ f x1 & !re rema9s ! protoxide1 or pure pota%4 #ha ,! ',potassa ,fusa' ( our ,ph>macopoeia g5]ally conta9s a small proportion ( ! p]oxide1 & w !re=e eff]vesce :5 ?r[n into wat]4 ,x 0 a great object ) ,davy1 to %[ t ! product result+ f ! combu/ion ( potassium1 0 a pure oxide free f wat]2 = x is evid5t t _h potassium be5 a ,hydruret1 its combu/ion mu/ h produc$ a ,hydrat4 ,?is he accompli%$ by a s]ies ( exp]im5ts :i* he p]=m$ 9 ! laboratory ( ,mr4 ,*ildr51 & :i* are publi%$ 9 8 ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjj4 ,hav+ discov]$ ! pres5ce ( oxyg5 9 ! fix$ alkalies1 he 0 naturally l$ by analogy to enquire :e!r ammonia might n also conta9 x4 ,x 0 true t ! *emical composition ( t body _h be5 consid]$ z satisfactorily settl$1 & t ! conv]sion ( x into hydrog5 & nitrog51 9 ! exp]im5ts ( ,s*eele1 ,prie/ley1 & ,b]?ollet1 _h left no?+ f>!r to be accompli%$4 ,all new facts1 h[ev]1 are necess>ily accompani$ by a new tra9 ( analogies2 & ,davy1 9 p]us+ ! acc\nts ( ! v>i\s exp]im5ts to :i* ammonia _h be5 submitt$1 tells u t he saw no reason = consid]+ ! pres5ce ( oxyg5 z impossible2 =1 suppos+ hydrog5 & nitrog5 to exi/ 9 comb9ation ) oxyg5 9 l[ proportion1 ?is latt] pr9ciple might easily disappe> 9 ! analytical exp]im5ts by heat & electricity1 9 ! =m ( wat] deposit$ ^u ! vessels employ$1 or dissolv$ 9 ! gases produc$4 ,"u ?is impression1 he comm5c$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts by :i*1 he says1 he soon became satisfi$ ( ! exi/5ce ( oxyg5 9 ! volatile alkali4 ,by means ( ! ,voltaic batt]y1 he ignit$ p]fectly dry *>coal 9 a small quantity ( pure ammoniacal gas1 & he produc$ c>bonate ( ammonia2 :i* c\ld n h happ5$1 _h n oxyg5 be5 furni%$ by ! volatile alkali to ! c>bon4 ,9 ! next place1 by an +5i\s arrangem5t ( app>atus1 he submitt$ ammonia to a high temp]ature1 & effect$ its decomposition1 :5 a quantity ( wat] appe>$ z "o ( ! products4 ,x w be useless to ent] into f>!r details ^u ?is occasion1 z we %all pres5tly p]ceive ! subject assum$ a diff]5t aspect1 & l$ ! exp]im5tali/ into a new l9e ( enquiry4 ,at ! conclusion ( 8 ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjg1 he speaks ( ! probable composition ( ! e>?s1 & consid]s x reasonable to expect t !y are comp\nds ( a simil> nature to ! fix$ alkalies--peculi> highly combu/ible metallic bases unit$ to oxyg52--b1 z yet1 ?is !ory 0 sanction$ only by /rong analogies2 x 0 8 good =tune1 at a subsequ5t p]iod1 to support x by conclusive facts4 ,:5 ! importance & novelty ( ! results he obta9$ f ! fix$ alkalies1 & _! influ5ce ^u ! reign+ !ories1 are duly consid]$1 x may be easily imag9$ h[ int5se 0 ! curiosity to witness ! production ( ! new metals1 to exam9e _! s+ul> qualities1 & to "q ! illu/ri\s discov]] ^u _! nature & relations4 ,suppose x 7 publicly ann\nc$ t "o ( ! greate/ ,a/ronom]s ( ! day _h inv5t$ a telescope ( new & extraord9>y p[]s2 & t by its means a hi!rto unsuspect$ sy/em ( heav5ly bodies might be se51 ! "* & motions ( :i* 7 :olly inconsi/5t ) ! ,newtonian !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,! surprise & eag] curiosity :i* su* an ann\ncem5t w\ld create might possibly be m g5]al1 because a k ( ,a/ronomy is m widely diffus$ ?an t ( ,*emi/ry2 b ! s5sation w\ld n be m int5se ?an t :i* ! discov]y ( potassium produc$4 ,! laboratory ( ! ,in/itution 0 cr[d$ ) p]sons ( e rank & description2 & ,davy1 z may be readily suppos$1 0 kept 9 a cont9u$ /ate ( excitem5t ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,?is circum/ance1 co-op]at+ ) ! effects ( ! fatigue he _h previ\sly und]gone1 produc$ a mo/ sev]e fit ( illness1 :i* = a "t caus$ an awful pause 9 8 rese>*es1 broke ! ?read ( 8 pursuits1 & turn$ 8 reflections into diff]5t *annels4 ,he always lab\r$ "u ! impression t ! fev] _h be5 occasion$ by contagion1 to :i* he _h be5 expos$ 9 "o ( ! jails dur+ an exp]im5t = fumigat+ x4 ,?is impression appe>s to h cont9u$ ?r\gh life1 = 9 8 ,la/ ,days he alludes to x 9 t]ms ( /rong conviction4 ,o!r p]sons ref]r$ 8 illness to ! delet]i\s fumes1 especially ^? ( ,b>yta1 to :i* 8 exp]im5ts _h expos$ him3 an op9ion record$ 9 an ,epigram1#hb :i* 0 circulat$ among/ ! memb]s ( ! ,in/itution aft] 8 recov]y4 ,says ,davy to ,b>yt1 ,i've a /rong incl9ation ,to try to effect y\r deoxidation2 ,b ,b>yt replies--,h a c>e ( y\r mir?1 ,le/ ,i %\ld retaliate1 & *ange y to ,e>?4 #hb ,i receiv$ ! above jeu d'esprit f ! late le>n$ ,ori5tali/1 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,we/on1 only f\r days be=e 8 dea?4 ,s9ce its publication 9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 a *emical fri5d s5t me ! foll[+ improv$ v]sion ( x4 ,says ,davy to ,b>yt1 ,i feel /rong temptation ,to effect by my art y\r deoxidation2 ,& ! money ,i've got 9 my pocket ,i'll bet all1 ,i prove y a true1 ?\gh disguis$ lad ( metal4 ,says ,b>yt to ,davy1 ,a truce to y\r mir?2 ,if y turn me to metal1 ,i'll turn y to e>?2 ,s moi/5 y\r clay1 don't improve ,sci5ce daily1 ,nor treat me z y've treat$ poor ,soda & ,kali4 ,^u conv]s+1 h[ev]1 ) ,dr4 ,bab+ton1 :o1 ) ,dr4 ,frank1 att5d$ ,davy ?r\gh\t ?is illness1 he assur$ me t !re 0 n ! slighte/ gr\nd = ei!r ( ^! op9ions2 t ! fev] 0 evid5tly ! effect ( fatigue & an ov]-excit$ bra94 ,! read] w n feel mu* hesitation 9 believ+ ?is /atem5t1 :5 he is made acqua9t$ ) ! habits ( ,davy at ?is p]iod4 ,8 intellectual ex]tions 7 ( ! mo/ injuri\s k9d1 & yet1 unlike ! philosoph]s ( old1 he s\ght n to =tify himself by habits ( temp]ance4 ,%\ld any ( my read]s propose to me ! same "q respect+ ,davy1 z ,font5elle tells u 0 put to an ,engli%man 9 ,p>is1 by a sci5tific ,m>quis1 ) reg>d to ,newton1--:e!r he ate1 drank1 & slept l o!r p8--,i c]ta9ly %\ld be b\nd to answ] 9 ! negative4 ,su* 0 8 great celebrity at ?is p]iod ( 8 c>e]1 t p]sons ( ! highe/ rank cont5d$ = ! hon\r ( 8 company at d9n]1 & he did n possess suffici5t resolution to resi/ ! gratification ?us af=d$1 al?\gh x g5]ally happ5$ t 8 pursuits 9 ! laboratory 7 n susp5d$ until ! appo9t$ d9n]-h\r _h pass$4 ,on 8 return 9 ! ev5+1 he resum$ 8 *emical lab\rs1 & commonly cont9u$ !m till ?ree or f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+2 & yet ! s]vants ( ! e/abli%m5t n unfrequ5tly f\nd t he _h ris5 be=e !m4 ,! greate/ ( all 8 wants 0 ,"t1 & ! exp$i5ts by :i* he economis$ x (t5 plac$ him 9 v ridicul\s positions1 & gave rise to habits ( ! mo/ ecc5tric description3 driv5 to an extremity1 he w\ld 9 8 ha/e put on fre% l951 )\t remov+ t :i* 0 und]nea?2 &1 s+ul> z ! fact may appe>1 he has be5 kn[n1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! grave-digg] 9 ,hamlet1 to we> no less ?an five %irts1 & z _m pair ( /ock+s1 at ! same "t4 ,exclamations ( surprise v frequ5tly escap$ f 8 fri5ds at ! rapid mann] 9 :i* he increas$ & decl9$ 9 corpul5ce4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 sev]e illness 9 ,novemb] #ahjg1 he 0 imm$iately att5d$ by ,dr4 ,bab+ton & ,dr4 ,frank2 & ^u its assum+ a m s]i\s aspect1 ^! g5tlem5 7 assi/$ by ,dr4 ,baillie4 ,su* 0 ! al>m+ /ate ( ! pati5t1 t = _m weeks 8 physicians regul>ly visit$ him f\r times 9 ! day1 & issu$ bullet9s = ! in=mation ( ! num]\s enquir]s :o anxi\sly cr[d$ ! hall ( ! ,in/itution4 ,8 k9d & amiable qualities _h secur$ ! atta*m5t ( all ! (fic]s & s]vants ( ! e/abli%m5t1 & !y eag]ly anticipat$ e want 8 situation might require4 ,! h\sekeep]1 ,mrs4 ,gre5wood1 wat*$ ov] him ) all ! c>e & solicitude ( a p>5t2 &1 ) ! exception ( a s+le night1 nev] retir$ to h] b$ = ! p]iod ( elev5 weeks4 ,9 ! latt] /age ( 8 illness1 he 0 r$uc$ to ! extreme ( weakness1 & 8 m9d p>ticipat$ 9 ! debility ( ! body4 ,x may n p]haps be ?\ght philosophical to d$uce any inf]5ce1 z to "*1 f traits :i* are display$ "u su* circum/ances3 ,i h little d\bt1 h[ev]1 b t ! m9d1 l inorganic matt]1 w1 9 its decay1 frequ5tly develope important elem5ts1 :i* "u o!r conditions 7 n di/+ui%able4 ,suppose pride & timidity to exi/ z qualities 9 ! same m9d1 ! =m] might s f> pr$om9ate z to enable its possessor to face ! cannon's m\?2 b dim9i% its =ce by moral or physical ag5cy1 ! natural timidity w ga9 ! asc5d5cy1 & ! h]o be conv]t$ into a c[>d4 ,su* are my reasons = introduc+ ! foll[+ anecdote3 ,i w\ld n give to x a great] value ?an x des]ves1 b x surely demon/rates ! exi/5ce ( k9dly affections4 ,y\?ful rem9isc5ces1 & circum/ances connect$ ) 8 family & fri5ds1 7 ! only objects :i*1 at ?is p]iod1 occupi$ 8 ?\ghts1 & af=d$ him any pleasure4 ,no ,swiss peasant ev] sigh$ m deeply = 8 native m\nta9s1 ?an did ,davy = ! sc5es ( 8 e>ly ye>s4 ,he entreat$ 8 nurse to convey to 8 fri5ds 8 ard5t wi% to obta9 "s apples f a p>ticul> tree :i* he _h plant$ :5 a boy2 &1 unlike ,locke ) 8 *]ries1 he _h no p[] ( controll+ ! desire by 8 reason1 b rema9$ 9 a /ate ( re/lessness & impati5ce until _! arrival3 at ! same "t1 he express$ a wi% to obta9 sev]al o!r objects1 especially an anci5t tea-pot1 ende>$ to him by e>ly associations4 ,! foll[+ ,m9ute appe>s on ! ,j\rnals ( ! ,in/itution3-- ,decemb] #g1 #ahjg4--,mr4 ,davy hav+ be5 conf9$ to 8 b$ = ! la/ =tnight by a sev]e illness1 ! ,manag]s are "u ! pa9ful necessity ( giv+ notice1 t ! ,lectures w n comm5ce until ! fir/ week 9 ,janu>y next4 ,! ,c\rse 01 at ! "t /at$1 op5$ by ! ,rev]5d ,mr4 7n[ ,dr47 ,dibd92 & 8 introductory lecture 01 by ord] ( ! ,manag]s1 pr9t$ = ! satisfaction ( ^? proprietors :o 7 n pres5t4 ,x ?us comm5ces3--,be=e ,i solicit y\r att5tion to ! op5+ ( ^? ,lectures :i* ,i %all h ! hon\r ( deliv]+ 9 ! c\rse ( ! season1 p]mit me to trespass ^u x = a few m9utes1 by /at+ ! peculi> circum/ances "u :i* ?is ,in/itution is aga9 op5$2 & h[ x comes to pass t x has fall5 to me1 r ?an to a m des]v+ lectur]1 to be ! fir/ to address y4 ,! ,manag]s h reque/$ me to imp>t to y t intellig5ce1 :i* no "o :o is alive to ! be/ feel+s ( human nature c he> )\t mix$ emotions ( sorr[ & delight4 ,mr4 ,davy1 ^: frequ5t & p[]ful addresses f ?is place1 support$ by 8 +5i\s exp]im5ts1 h be5 s long & s well kn[n to y1 has = ^! la/ five weeks be5 /ruggl+ betwe5 life & dea?2--! effects ( ^? exp]im5ts rec5tly made 9 illu/ration ( 8 spl5did discov]ies1 add$ to consequ5t bodily weakness1 br\ght on a fev] s viol5t z to ?reat5 ! ext9ction ( life4 ,ov] him1 x might emphatically be said1 9 ! language ( our immortal ,milton1 t ----',dea? 8 d>t ,%ook1 b delay$ to /rike4' ,_h x pleas$ ,provid5ce to h depriv$ ! _w ( any fur!r b5efit f 8 orig9al tal5ts & imm5se application1 !re c]ta9ly has be5 already en\gh effect$ by him to entitle 8 "n to a place among/ ! brighte/ sci5tific lum9>ies ( 8 c\ntry4 ,t ?is may n appe> an unf\nd$ eulogium1 ,i %all proce$1 at ! p>ticul> reque/ ( ! ,manag]s1 to give y an outl9e ( ! spl5did discov]ies to :i* ,i h j allud$2 & ,i d s ) ! great] pleasure1 z t outl9e has be5 drawn 9 a v ma/]ly mann] by a g5tleman ( all o!rs p]haps ! be/ qualifi$ to d x effectually4 ,! ,lectur] !n proce$$ to take a g5]al & rapid view ( 8 lab\rs1 :i* x is unnecess>y to introduce 9 ?is place1 & conclud$ z foll[s3-- ,?is recital w be suffici5t to conv9ce ^? :o h he>d x ( ! celebrity :i* ! au?or ( su* discov]ies has a "r to atta* to himself2 & yet no "o1 ,i am confid5t1 has less incl9ation to *all5ge x4 ,to u1 & to e enlight5$ ,engli%man1 x w be a matt] ( j congratulation1 t ! c\ntry :i* has produc$ ! two ,,bacons & ,,boyle1 has 9 ^! latt] days %[n itself wor?y ( its =m] r5[n by ! lab\rs ( ,,cav5di% & ,,davy4 ,! illness ( ! latt]1 sev]e z x has be51 is n[ abat+1 & we may reasonably hope t ! p]iod ( convalesc5ce is n v remote4 ,=tunately = ! cause ( ,sci5ce--=tunately = ! int]e/s ( ! ,in/itution1 ! pr$iction ( ! le>n$ ,lectur] 0 %ortly v]ifi$4 ,! ,in/itution1 inde$1 _h already suff]$ f ! calamity2 =1 9 a ,report to ! ,visitors1 dat$ ,janu>y #be1 #ahjh1 x is /at$1 t !re has be5 an excess ( exp5diture beyond ! receipts4 ,among ! causes ( dim9i%$ income may be m5tion$ ! po/ponem5t ( ! lectures1 9 consequ5ce ( ! lam5t$ illness ( ! excell5t ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry2 & among ! items ( increas$ exp5diture1 ! extra exp5se ( ! ,laboratory1 9 :i* h be5 produc$ ,mr4 ,davy's rec5t discov]ies1 s hon\rable to ! ,royal ,in/itution1 & s b5eficial to ! int]e/s ( sci5ce 9 e "p ( ! _w4 ,?is ,report is succe$$ by ! foll[+ ,m9ute3-- ,febru>y #bb1 #ahjh4--,mr4 ,davy att5d$ at ! reque/ ( ! ,committee1 & in=m$ !m t he %\ld be able to comm5ce 8 c\rse ( ,lectures on ,electro-*emical sci5ce on ,saturday ! #ab? ( ,m>*1 at two o'clock2 & ^? on ,geology on ,w$nesday ev5+1 ! #af? ( t mon?4 ,! foll[+ lett] to ,mr4 ,poole ann\nces ! re/oration ( 8 heal?1 & communicates "s o!r circum/ances ( int]e/4 ,mr4 ,poole1 x w\ld appe>1 ent]ta9$ d\bts z to :e!r ,davy receiv$ ! prize ( ,france = 8 fir/ or second ,bak]ian ,lecture1 ^u :i* po9t ?is lett] sets him "r4 ,,to ,,?omas ,,poole1 ,,esq4 ,m>*1 #ahjh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,poole1 ,_m ?anks = y\r k9d lett]4 ,i h se5 y\r fri5d ,mr4 ,b---- = a m9ute1 &1 to use a geological t]m1 ,i l 8 aspect1 & %all endeav\r to cultivate 8 acqua9tance4 ,i am exce$+ly busy2 my heal? is re-e/abli%$2 & ,i am ent]+ aga9 into ! c>e] ( exp]im5t4 ,! prize :i* y congratulate me ^u 0 giv5 = my pap] ( #ahjf1 & n = my la/ discov]ies1 :i* w probably excite m int]e/4 ,c----1 aft] disappo9t+ 8 audi5ce twice f illness1 is ann\nc$ to lecture aga9 ?is week4 ,he has suff]$ greatly f excessive s5sibility--! disease ( g5ius4 ,8 m9d is z a wild]ness1 9 :i* ! c$> & ! oak1 :i* might aspire to ! skies1 are /unt$ 9 _! gr[? by und]wood1 ?orns1 bri>s1 & p>asitical plants4 ,) ! mo/ exalt$ g5ius1 enl>g$ views1 s5sitive he>t1 & enlight5$ m9d1 he w be ! victim ( want ( ord]1 precision1 & regul>ity4 ,i _c ?9k ( him )\t exp]i5c+ ! m+l$ feel+s ( admiration1 reg>d1 & pity4 ,:y d y n come to ,london8 ,_m w\ld be happy to see y2 b no "o m s ?an y\r v s9c]e fri5d1 my de> ,poole1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,x is difficult to convey an adequate idea ( ! univ]sal int]e/ :i* 0 excit$ by ! lectures on ,electro-*emical ,sci5ce1 to :i* an allusion has be5 j made4 ,! ,!atre ( ! ,in/itution ov]fl[$2 & ea* succe$+ lecture increas$ ! numb] ( c&idates = admission4 ,x is unnecess>y1 aft] :at has be5 already /at$1 to describe ! ma/]ly /yle 9 :i* he demon/rat$ & expla9$ ^? g5]al laws :i* 8 g5ius _h develop$1 or to enum]ate ! beautiful & div]sifi$ exp]im5ts by :i* he illu/rat$ _! application1 9 simplify+ ! m complex =ms ( matt]4 ,8 ev5+ lectures on ,geology 7 equally attractive2 & by a me?od z novel z x 0 beautiful1 he exhibit$1 by ! aid ( transp>5cies1 ! /ructure ( m\nta9s1 ! /ratification ( rocks1 & ! arrangem5ts ( m9]al ve9s4 ,! ,ea/] recess af=d$ him a few days ( leisure1 :i* f ! foll[+ note he appe>s to h devot$ to 8 fav\rite amusem5t4 ,,to ,w4 ,h4 ,,pepys1 ,,esq4 ,april1 #ahjh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,pepys1 ,*ildr5 has _h ! k9dness to arrange our p>ty1 & we are to meet him1 at all ev5ts1 on ,tuesday at two o'clock1 at ,foot's ,cray4 ,i h propos$ t we %\ld leave t[n at ab\t five or six on ,monday ev5+1 sleep at ,foot's ,cray1 & try ! fly-fi%+ !re4 ,w y arrange ) ,all51 :om we mu/ initiate 9 ! vocation ( ! ,apo/les1 z he wants no?+ else to make him p]fect z a primitive ,*ri/ian & a ,philosoph]8 ,i am1 my de> ,pepys1 ,mo/ affectionately y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,hi!rto 8 passion = angl+ has only be5 notic$ 9 connection ) 8 conv]sation & lett]s2 ,i %all n[ pres5t to ! read] a sket* ( ! philosoph] 9 8 fi%+ co/ume4 ,8 :ole suit consi/$ ( gre5 clo?2 ! coat hav+ sundry pockets = hold+ ! necess>y tackle3 8 boots 7 made ( ca\t*\c1 &1 = ! conv5i5ce ( wad+ ?r\gh ! wat]1 rea*$ above ! knees4 ,8 hat1 orig9ally int5d$ = a coal-heav]1 _h be5 pur*as$ f ! manufactur] 9 its raw /ate1 & dy$ gre5 by "s pigm5t ( 8 own composition2 x 01 moreov]1 /udd$ ) e v>iety ( artificial fly :i* he c\ld require = 8 div]sion4 ,?us equipp$1 he ?\ght1 f ! col\r ( 8 dress1 t he 0 m likely to elude ! obs]vation ( ! fi%4 ,he look$ n l an inhabitant o' ! e>?1 & yet 0 on't2--nor c ,i f9d any object 9 ! regions ( inv5tion ) :i* ,i c\ld ju/ly comp>e him1 except p]haps ) "o ( ^? grotesque p]sonages :o1 9 ! f>ce ( ,! ,critic1 att5d ,fa!r ,?ames on ! /age1 z 8 two banks4 ,i %all take ?is opportunity ( /at+1 t 8 %oot+ attire 0 equally :imsical3 if1 z an angl]1 he adopt$ a dress = conceal+ 8 p]son1 z a sportsman 9 woods & plantations1 x 0 8 object to devise means = expos+ x2 = he always ent]ta9$ a s+ul> dread le/ he might be accid5tally %ot ^u ^! occasions4 ,:5 ^u a visit to ,mr4 ,dillwyn ( ,swansea1 he accompani$ 8 fri5d on a %oot+ excursion1 9 a broad-brimm$ hat1 ! :ole ( :i*1 ) ! exception ( ! brim1 0 cov]$ ) sc>let clo?4 ,not)/&+1 h[ev]1 ! ref9em5ts :i* he display$ 9 8 dress1 & ! scrupul\s att5tion ) :i* he obs]v$ all ! m9ute details ( ! art2 if ! tru? mu/ be told1 he 0 n m successful ?an 8 bro!r angl]s2 & "h aga9 ! temp]am5t ( ,wolla/on pres5t$ a *>act]i/ic contra/ to t ( ,davy4 ,! =m] ev9c$ ! same pati5ce & res]ve--! same cauti\s obs]vation & unwe>i$ vigilance 9 ?is pursuit1 z s em95tly di/+ui%$ 8 *emical lab\rs4 ,! temp]am5t ( ! latt] 0 f> too m]curial3 ! fi% nev] seiz$ ! fly ) suffici5t avidity to fulfill 8 expectations1 or to support t degree ( excitem5t :i* 0 ess5tial to 8 happ9ess1 & he became ei!r li/less or angry1 & consequ5tly c>eless & unsuccessful4--,b x is "t to resume ! ?read ( our *emical hi/ory4 ,x has be5 already /at$1 t ,davy _h no soon] decompos$ ! fix$ alkalies ?an he proce$$ to effect an analysis ( ! e>?s2 b 8 results 7 indi/9ct3 !y c\ld n1 l ! alkalies1 be r5d]$ conductors ( electricity by fusion1 nor c\ld !y be act$ ^u 9 solution1 9 consequ5ce ( ! /rong aff9ity possess$ by _! bases = oxyg54 ,! pursuit ( ! enquiry !n dem&$ m ref9$ & complicat$ processes1 ?an ^? :i* _h succe$$ ) pota% & soda4 ,! only me?ods :i* held out any fair prospect ( success 7 ^? ( op]at+ by electricity ^u ! e>?s 9 "s ( _! comb9ations1 or ( conv]t+ !m1 at ! mom5t ( _! decomposition1 into metallic alloys1 s z to obta9 presumptive evid5ce ( _! nature & prop]ties4 ,su*1 9 fact1 0 ! l9e ( enquiry 9 :i* ,davy 0 deeply engag$1 :5 he receiv$ f ,pr(essor ,b]zelius ( ,/ockholm a lett]1 ann\nc+ ! fact t he _h1 9 conjunction ) ,dr4 ,pont91 succe$$ 9 decompos+ b>yta & lime1 by negatively electris+ m]cury 9 contact ) !m1 & t1 by su* means1 he _h actually obta9$ amalgams ( ! e>?s 9 "q4 ,our philosoph] imm$iately repeat$ ! exp]im5ts1 & ) p]fect success4 ,aft] :i* he complet$ a s]ies ( additional exp]im5ts1 :i* fully e/abli%$ ! nature ( ^! bodies1 & ! analogies he _h anticipat$4 ,^! results =m$ ! subject ( a memoir1 :i* 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society on ! #cj? ( ,june #ahjh1 & entitl$1 ,electro-*emical ,rese>*es on ! ,decomposition ( ! ,e>?s3 ) ,obs]vations on ! ,metals obta9$ f !m1 & on ! ,amalgam ( ,ammonia4 ,he comm5ces ?is pap] by enum]at+ ! sev]al trials he _h made to effect ! decomposition ( ^! bodies2 su* z1 ,fir/1 by electrify+ !m by iron wires "u ! surface ( naph?a1 ) a view to =m alloys ) iron & ! metallic bases ( ! e>?s4 ,secondly1 by heat+ potassium 9 contact ) ! alkal9e e>?s1 9 ! hope t ?is body might deta* ! oxyg5 f !m1 9 ! same mann] z *>coal decomposes ! common metallic oxides4 ,?irdly1 by submitt+ v>i\s mixtures ( ! e>?s & pota% to ,voltaic action1 ) ! idea t ! pota% & ! e>?s might be deoxidat$ at ! same "t1 & ent]+ into comb9ation1 =m alloys4 ,f\r?ly1 by mix+ toge!r v>i\s e>?s ) ! oxides ( t91 iron1 lead1 silv]1 & m]cury3 a mode ( manipulation sugge/$ by ! results ( 8 previ\s exp]im5ts on potassium1 9 :i* he f\nd t :5 a mixture ( pota% & ! oxides ( m]cury1 t91 or lead1 0 electrifi$ 9 ! ,voltaic circuit1 ! decomposition 0 v rapid1 & an amalgam1 or an alloy ( potassium1 0 obta9$2 ! attraction betwe5 ! common metals & ! potassium app>5tly accel]at+ ! sep>ation ( ! oxyg54 ,suppos+ t a simil> k9d ( action might assi/ ! decomposition ( ! alkal9e e>?s1 he proce$$ to in/itute a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ^u t pr9ciple2 & ! results 7 m satisfactory ?an ^? obta9$ by ! prec$+ me?ods ( exp]im5t+--a comp\nd 0 obta9$ :i* act$ ^u wat] ) ! evolution ( hydrog51 produc+ a solution ( ! e>?1 & leav+ free ! t91 or lead1 ) :i* its base may be suppos$ to h be5 alloy$2--b 9 all su* exp]im5ts ! quantity ( ! metallic basis produc$ mu/ h be5 v m9ute1 & its "* v que/ionable4 ,9 ?is /age ( ! enquiry1 ,davy receiv$ ! lett] f ,pr(essor ,b]zelius ( ,/ockholm1 ! cont5ts ( :i* he embodi$ 9 8 memoir1 accompani$ ) su* obs]vations z 8 own in=mation sugge/$4 ,a globule ( m]cury1 electrifi$ by ! p[] ( a batt]y consi/+ ( five hundr$ pairs ( d\ble plates ( six in*es squ>e1 weakly *>g$1 0 made to act ^u a surface ( slightly moi/5$ b>ytes1 fix$ ^u a plate ( plat9a4 ,! m]cury gradually became less fluid1 & aft] a few m9utes 0 f\nd cov]$ ) a :ite film ( b>ytes2 & :5 ! amalgam 0 ?r[n into wat]1 hydrog5 0 dis5gag$1 ! m]cury rema9$ free1 & a solution ( b>ytes 0 =m$4 ,! result ) lime1 z ^! g5tlem5 _h /at$1 0 precisely analog\s4 ,t ! same happy me?ods mu/ succe$ ) /rontites & magnesia1 x 0 n easy to d\bt1 & ,i quickly tri$ ! exp]im5t4 ,f /rontites ,i obta9$ a v rapid result2 b f magnesia1 9 ! fir/ trials1 no amalgam c\ld be procur$4 ,by cont9u+ ! process1 h[ev]1 = a long] "t1 & keep+ ! e>? cont9ually moi/1 at la/ a comb9ation ( ! bases ) m]cury 0 obta9$1 :i* sl[ly produc$ magnesia1 by absorption ( oxyg5 f air1 or by ! action ( wat]4 ,all ^! amalgams ,i f\nd might be pres]v$ = a consid]able p]iod "u naph?a4 ,9 a l5g? ( "t1 h[ev]1 !y became cov]$ ) a :ite cru/ "u ?is fluid4 ,:5 expos$ to air1 a v few m9utes only 7 requir$ = ! oxyg5ation ( ! bases ( ! e>?s4 ,9 ! wat] ! amalgam ( b>ytes 0 mo/ rapidly decompos$2 t ( /rontites1 & t ( lime next 9 ord]3 b ! amalgam f magnesia1 z might h be5 expect$ f ! weak aff9ity ( ! e>? = wat]1 v sl[ly *ang$3 :51 h[ev]1 a little sulphuric acid 0 add$ to ! wat]1 ! evolution ( hydrog51 & ! production & solution ( magnesia1 7 exce$+ly rapid1 & ! m]cury soon rema9$ free4 ,9 ord]1 if possible1 to procure ! amalgams 9 quantities suffici5t = di/illation1 he comb9$ ! me?ods he _h employ$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ) ^? pursu$ by ,b]zelius & ,pont94 ,a mixture ( ! e>? ) r$ oxide ( m]cury 0 plac$ on a plate ( plat9a1 a cavity 0 made 9 ! upp] "p ( x to receive a globule ( m]cury1 ! :ole 0 cov]$ by a film ( naph?a1 & ! plate 0 made positive1 & ! m]cury negative1 by a prop] communication ) ! batt]y ( five hundr$4 ,! amalgams ?us procur$ 7 aft]w>ds di/ill$ 9 glass tubes fill$ ) ! vap\r ( naph?a2 by :i* op]ation ! m]cury rose pure f ! amalgam1 & x 0 v easy to sep>ate a "p ( x2 b ! difficulty 0 to obta9 a complete decomposition1 = to effect ?is1 a high temp]ature 0 requir$1 & at a r$ heat ! bases ( ! e>?s in/antly act$ ^u ! glass1 & became oxidat$4 ,9 ! be/ result :i* ,davy obta9$ 9 ?is mann]1 ! b>ytic basis appe>$ z a :ite metal ( ! col\r ( silv]1 fix$ at all common temp]atures1 b fluid at a heat bel[ r$ness1 & volatile at a heat above x4 ,unlike ! alkal9e bases1 x w\ld seem to be consid]ably heavi] ?an wat]4 ,9 ext5d+ ^! exp]im5ts to alum9e1 silex1 zircone1 c4 aft] a mo/ elaborate inve/igation1 su* results 7 n obta9$ z ju/ifi$ ! conclusion t !y 71 l ! o!r e>?s1 metallic oxides2 al?\gh1 z f> z !y w5t1 !y add$ to ! probability ( su* analogy4 ,x w be rememb]$ t1 aft] ! fix$ alkalies _h be5 f\nd to conta9 oxyg51 ,davy 0 v naturally l$ to enquire :e!r ammonia might n also conta9 ! same elem5t1 or be an oxide ) a b9>y base4 ,9 ! communication f ,pr(essor ,b]zelius1 & ,dr4 ,pont91 already allud$ to1 a mo/ curi\s exp]im5t is relat$ on :at !y consid] ! deoxidation & amalgamation ( ! comp\nd basis ( ammonia2 & :i* !y reg>d z support+ ! idea :i* ,davy _h =m$ ( ! pres5ce ( oxyg5#hc 9 ! volatile alkali4 ,a fact s />tl+ z ! production ( a metallic body f ammonia1 or f its elem5ts1 imm$iately excit$ 9 ,davy's m9d ! mo/ ard5t desire to pursue ! enquiry2 &1 aft] repeat+ ! orig9al exp]im5ts ( ! ,sw$i% *emi/s ) 8 accu/om$ sagacity1 he modifi$ 8 me?ods ( manipulation1 9 ord]1 if possible1 to obta9 ?is metallic body 9 its mo/ simple =m2 b1 al?\gh he succe$$ 9 produc+ ! amalgam )\t ,voltaic aid1 by ! int]v5tion ( potassium1 he c\ld n s di/ill (f ! m]cury z to leave ! basis1 or imag9>y ammonium1 free4 #hc ,see page #bhe4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! rese>*es into ! nature ( ! ammoniacal elem5t concludes ! lecture ( :i* ,i h endeav\r$ to give an outl9e4 ,! subject ( ! amalgam is /ill involv$ 9 my/]y3 if we suppose ) ,davy1 t a sub/ance1 :i* =ms s p]fect an amalgam ) m]cury1 mu/ ( necessity be metallic 9 its own nature1 we _c b conclude ei!r t hydrog5 & nitrog5 are bo? metals 9 ! ari=m /ate1 at ! usual temp]atures ( ! atmosph]e--bodies1 = example1 ( ! same "* z z9c & quicksilv] w\ld be at ! heat ( ignition--or1 t ^! gases are oxides 9 _! common =m1 b :i* become metalliz$ by deoxidation--or1 t !y are simple bodies1 n metallic 9 _! own nature1 b capable ( compos+ a metal 9 _! deoxyg5at$1 & an alkali 9 _! oxyg5at$1 /ate4 ,be=e we v5ture1 h[ev]1 to ent]ta9 any op9ions s extravagant 9 _! nature1 & s :olly unsupport$ by analogy1 x w\ld be well to enquire h[ f> ! *ange1 :i* ammonia & m]cury und]go by ,voltaic action1 really m]its ! "n ( amalgamation4 ,sev]al *emi/s ( ! pres5t day are incl9$ to ref] ?is *ange ( =m to a purely me*anical cause1 by :i* ! p>ticles ( ! metal become sep>at$1 & conv]t$1 z x 71 into a k9d ( fro? by ! op]ation4#hd #hd ,! late int]e/+ exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,daniell on ! action ( ,m]cury on diff]5t ,metals1 :i* h be5 rec5tly publi%$ 9 ! fir/ numb] ( a new s]ies ( ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 appe> to ?r[ mu* light ^u ?is subject4 ,by agitat+ a few gra9s ( spongy plat9um ) m]cury 9 wat] acidifi$ ) acetic acid1 he obta9$ an amalgam ( ! consi/5ce ( s(t butt]1 :i* reta9$ its consi/5ce = _m weeks1 & greatly resembl$ t =m$ by ! electrization ( m]cury 9 contact ) ammonia4 ,:5 ! amalgam 0 laid ^u filt]+ pap]1 ! moi/ure 0 gradually absorb$ & evaporat$1 & ! m]cury return$ to a fluid /ate4 ,by a m ref9$ exp]im5t1 ,mr4 ,daniell asc]ta9$ t ! process 0 accompani$ by ! evolution ( hydrog5 gas2 :5ce he v fairly concludes1 t1 :5 m9utely divid$1 plat9um is agitat$ ) m]cury1 & moi/ure is pres5t1 an electrical action takes place1 :i*1 :5 height5$ by ! addition ( a dilut$ acid1 or ! solution ( a neutral salt1 is suffici5tly en]getic to decompose wat] & evolve hydrog53 ! oxyg5 at ! same "t comb9es ) ! m]cury1 & a solution is effect$ by ! acetic acid1 :i* its unassi/$ aff9ity c\ld n h produc$4 ,x also appe>s1 cont9ues ,mr4 ,daniell1 t ?is electrical action communicates an adhesive attraction to ! p>ticles ( ! metal1 by :i* ! p>ticles ( liquid & ari=m bodies are entangl$ & reta9$1 a k9d ( fro?y comp\nd =m$1 & ! fluidity ( ! m]cury de/roy$4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is amalgam is s v l t ( ! ammoniacal comp\nd =m$ by expos+ a solution ( ammonia 9 contact ) m]cury to ! influ5ce ( ! ,voltaic pile1 or :5 an amalgam ( potassium & m]cury is plac$ ^u moi/5$ muriate ( ammonia1 t x is impossible n to be /ruck ) ! resemblance4 ,mr4 ,daniell is !re=e incl9$ to believe t ! production ( ! latt] may be expla9$ ^u ! same pr9ciples z t ( ! =m]4 ,:5 ! effect is produc$ by ! direct application ( ! electrical curr5t1 by means ( ! batt]y1 x ceases ! mom5t ! connexion betwe5 ! poles is brok52 & :5 br\ght ab\t by ! ag5cy ( ! amalgam ( potassium1 ! electrical action is d\btless excit$ by ! contact ( ! two dissimil> metals1 & ! fro?y comp\nd la/s no long] ?an ! exi/5ce ( ! potassium 9 ! metallic /ate2 :]eas 9 ! action betwe5 m]cury & f9ely divid$ plat9um1 ! p]man5ce ( ! metals produces a mu* m la/+ effect1 & ! s(t amalgam may !re=e be pres]v$ = a great] l5g? ( "t4 ,mr4 ,br&e1 9 a late communication 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1#he obs]ves3 ,%ortly aft] ! discov]y ( a me?od ( obta9+ ,morphia 9 a pure /ate1 ,i rememb] t ,sir ,humphry ,davy sugge/$ ! possibility ( its af=d+1 :5 electris$ 9 contact ) m]cury1 results correspond+ ) ^? :i* ,b]zelius _h obs]v$ 9 respect to ammonia4 ,he ?\ght t ! nasc5t elem5ts ( ! morphia1 z lib]at$ by electrical decomposition1 might1 "u su* circum/ances1 effect a simil> app>5t amalgam ( ! m]cury1 & he spoke ( ! subject z likely to ?r[ "s light ^u ! correspond+ ammoniacal comb9ations4 ,he made1 ,i believe1 a few exp]im5ts ^u ! subject2 b z ! results 7 n su* z he _h anticipat$1 !y 7 n plac$ on record4 #he ,on ! ,electro-*emical ,decomposition ( ! ,vegeto-,alkal9e ,salts4 ,9 ?is communication1 ! ,pr(essor gives an acc\nt ( "s exp]im5ts ( 8 own1 ) a view to asc]ta9 :e!r ! vegetable alkalies1 if electris$ 9 contact ) m]cury1 w\ld imp>t any pr9ciple to ! latt] metal4 ,9 exp]im5ts ) morphia & c9*onia1 9 :i* ! m]cury 9 contact ) ! vegetable base 0 r5d]$ negative1 n ! lea/ *ange 9 ! fluidity ( ! metal c\ld be p]ceiv$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 a simil> exp]im5t 0 made ) qu9a1 ! metal became filmy1 & acquir$ ev5 a t5d5cy to a butyrace\s appe>ance1 b ! ph5om5on 0 f\nd to dep5d ^u ! pres5ce ( a m9ute portion ( lime4 ,9 ! progress ( our asc5t1 x is refre%+ to pause occasionally1 & to ca/ a glance at ! horizon1 :i* wid5s at e increase ( our elevation4 ,by ! decomposition ( ! alkalies & e>?s1 :at an imm5se /ride has be5 made 9 ! inve/igation ( nature6--,9 sci5ces k9dr$ to *emi/ry1 ! k ( ! composition ( ^! bodies1 & ! analogies aris+ f x1 h op5$ new views1 & l$ to ! solution ( _m problems4 ,9 ,geology1 = in/ance1 has x n %[n t ag5ts may h op]at$ 9 ! =mation ( rocks & e>?s1 :i* _h n previ\sly be5 kn[n to exi/8 ,x is evid5t t ! metals ( ! e>?s _c rema9 at ! surface ( our globe2 b x is probable t !y may con/itute a "p ( its int]ior2 & su* an assumption w\ld at once (f] a plausible !ory 9 explanation ( ! ph5om5a ( volcanoes1 ! =mation ( lavas1 & ! excitem5t & effects ( subt]ranean heat1 & might ev5 lead to a g5]al !ory 9 ,geology4 ,! read]1 = ! pres5t1 mu/ be satisfi$ ) ^! cursory h9ts3 ,i %all h]eaft] %[ t our illu/ri\s philosoph] foll[$ !m up by num]\s obs]vations & orig9al exp]im5ts 9 a volcanic c\ntry4 ,i rememb] ) delight ! beautiful illu/ration ( 8 !ory1 z exhibit$ 9 an artificial volcano con/ruct$ 9 ! !atre ( ! ,royal ,in/itution4--,a m\nta9 _h be5 modell$ 9 clay1 & a quantity ( ! metallic bases introduc$ into its int]ior3 on wat] be+ p\r$ ^u x1 ! metals 7 soon ?r[n into viol5t action--successive explosions foll[$--r$-hot lava 0 se5 fl[+ d[n its sides1 f a crat] 9 m9iature--mimic lightn+s play$ ar\nd3 & 9 ! in/ant ( dramatic illusion1 ! tumultu\s applause & cont9u$ *e]+ ( ! audi5ce might almo/ h be5 reg>d$ z ! %\ts ( ! al>m$ fugitives ( ,h]culaneum or ,pompeii4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,davy's ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjh4--,results obta9$ f ! mutual action ( ,potassium & ,ammonia ^u ea* o!r4--,8 belief t he _h decompos$ ,nitrog54--,he discov]s ,tellurett$ ,hydrog54--,:e!r ,sulphur1 ,phosphorus1 & ,c>bon1 may n conta9 ,hydrog54--,he decomposes ,boracic acid4--,boron4--,8 fallacies ) reg>d to ! composition ( ,muriatic acid4--,a spl5did ,voltaic ,batt]y is con/ruct$ at ! ,in/itution by subscription4--,davy asc]ta9s ! true nature ( ! ,muriatic & ,oxymuriatic ,acids4--,important *emical analogies to :i* ! discov]y gave orig94--,eu*lor9e4--,*lorides4--,he deliv]s ,lectures be=e ! ,dubl9 ,society4--,he receives ! ,honor>y ,degree ( ,,ll4,d4 f ! ,provo/ & ,fell[s ( ,tr9ity ,college4--,he und]takes to v5tilate ! ,h\se ( ,lords4--,! ,reg5t conf]s ^u him ! hon\r ( ,knigh?ood4--,he deliv]s 8 f>ewell ,lecture4--,engages 9 a ,gunp[d] manufactory4--,8 m>riage4 ,! ?ird ,bak]ian ,lecture1 :i* ,davy read be=e ! ,royal ,society 9 ,decemb] #ahjh1 is entitl$ ,an ,acc\nt ( "s new analytical ,rese>*es on ! ,nature ( c]ta9 ,bodies1 p>ticul>ly ! ,alkalies1 ,phosphorus1 ,sulphur1 ,c>bonace\s matt]1 & ! ,acids hi!rto undecomp\nd$2 ) "s g5]al ,obs]vations on ,*emical ,!ory4 ,! object ( ?is lecture 0 to communicate ! results ( num]\s exp]im5ts :i* _h be5 in/itut$ = ! purpose ( /ill f>!r ext5d+ our k ( ! elem5ts ( matt]1 by ! new p[]s & me?ods aris+ f ! application ( electricity to *emical analysis4 ,important z 7 ! facts ?us obta9$1 !y disappo9t$ ! expectation ( ^? :o did n consid]1 t ! m ne>ly we approa* ultimate analysis1#hf ! great] mu/ be ! difficulties1 ! m num]\s ! fallacies1 & ! less p]fect ! results1 ( our processes4 ,9 fact1 8 =m] discov]ies _h spoilt u3 _! spl5d\r _h left our organs ( p]ception incapable ( receiv+ j impressions f any m9or lights1 & we p>ticipat$ ) exagg]at$ feel+s1 9 ! disappo9tm5t :i* he himself express$ at sev]al ( 8 results4 ,! confid5ce inspir$ by 8 =m] triumphs may be comp>$ to t :i* is felt by an army1 :5 comm&$ by a victori\s ,g5]al1--a conviction t1 h[ev] difficult may be ! ent]prise1 x mu/ be accompli%$ by ! g5ius ( him :o und]takes x4 ,! mom5t we discov]$ t ,davy 0 lay+ siege to "o ( ,nature's /ronge/ holds1--t he 0 attempt+ to resolve nitrog5 into o!r elem5t>y =ms1--we reg>d$ ! de$ z already accompli%$1 & ! repulse :i* foll[$ mo/ unreasonably produc$ a feel+ ( dissatisfaction4 ,^u su* occasions1 ! sev]ity ( our disappo9tm5t w always be 9 proportion to ! importance ( ! object we desire to accompli%2 & x is impossible n to feel t ! discov]y ( ! true nature ( nitrog5 w\ld lead to new views 9 *emi/ry1 ! ext5t ( :i* x is n easy ev5 to imag9e4 #hf ,! difficulty ( seiz+ ^u elem5t>y =ms1 z well z ! inf9ity ( comb9ations ( :i* !y are susceptible1 are suppos$ by ,mr4 ,sankey to be allegoriz$ 9 ! fable ( ,proteus1 ,greek3 ,prteios1 be+ d]iv$ f ,greek3 prtos1 signify+ ! fir/ elem5t4 ,x is n a little s+ul> t ,mr4 ,leslie1 to :om su* a speculation 0 :olly unkn[n1 %\ld h recognis$ 9 ! same fable a picture ( ! cauti\s b intrepid advances ( ! skilful exp]im5t]3 he tries to press ,nature into a corn]1--he endeav\rs to sep>ate ! diff]5t pr9ciples ( action1--he seeks to conc5trate ! pr$om9ant ag5t1 & lab\rs to exclude z mu* z possible e di/urb+ influ5ce4 ,not)/&+ ! confid5ce ) :i* mod]n philosoph]s h claim$ ! discov]y1 ! exp]im5tal mode ( inve/igation 0 und\bt$ly kn[n & pursu$ by ! anci5ts1 :o appe>1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,leslie1 to h conceal$ _! notions respect+ x "u ! veil ( allegory4 ,proteus signifi$ ! mutable & *ang+ =ms ( mat]ial objects2 & ! inquisitive philosoph] 0 c\nsell$ by ! ,poets to wat* _! slipp]y demon1 :5 slumb]+ on ! %ore to b9d him1 & to compel ! reluctant captive to reveal 8 secrets4--,elem5ts ( ,natural ,philosophy4 ,! pr9cipal objects ( rese>* :i* ?is pap] embraces are1--! elem5t>y matt] ( ammonia2 ! nature ( phosphorus1 sulphur1 *>coal1 & ! diamond2 & ! con/itu5ts ( ! boracic1 fluoric1 & muriatic acids4 ,enquiries :i* are cont9u$ & ext5d$ 9 two successive pap]s1 viz4 9 "o read be=e ! ,society 9 ,febru>y #ahji1 entitl$ ,new ,analytical ,rese>*es on ! ,nature ( c]ta9 ,bodies2 be+ an ,app5dix to 8 ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjh2 & 9 8 f\r? ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahji1 ,on "s new ,electro-*emical ,rese>*es on v>i\s ,objects1 p>ticul>ly ! ,metallic bodies f ! ,alkalies & ,e>?s2 & on "s ,comb9ations ( ,hydrog54 ,) reg>d to ^! admirable pap]s1--= su* !y mu/ und\bt$ly be consid]$1--! biograph] mu/ conf9e 8 obs]vations to _! g5]al "* & results4 ,!y are f> too ref9$ to admit ( a brief analysis1 & too elaborate to all[ a successful abridgem5t4 ,a j idea ( _! m]it c alone be d]iv$ f a direct ref]5ce to ! ,philosophical ,transactions4 ,! enquiry comm5ces ) exp]im5ts on ! results produc$ by ! mutual action ( potassium & ammonia on ea* o!r4 ,8 object 0 tw(old3 to refute ! hypo!sis :i* assum$ hydrog5 z an elem5t ( potassium1 & to asc]ta9 ! nature ( ! matt] exi/+ 9 ! amalgam ( ammonia1 or ! suppos$ metallic basis ( ! volatile alkali3 a "q intimately connect$ ) ! :ole ( ! arrangem5ts ( *emi/ry4 ,z to ! =m] po9t1 x is unnecess>y to ent] into f>!r discussion2 & ) reg>d to ! latt]1 x is q impossible to convey an adequate idea ( ! ext5t ( ! enquiry3 !re does n exi/ 9 ! annals ( *emi/ry a m /rik+ example ( exp]im5tal indu/ry4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 exp]im5ts on potassium & ammonia1 he obta9$ an olive-col\r$ body1 :i* he 0 incl9$ to reg>d z a comp\nd ( ! metallic base ( ammonia 7ammonium7 & potassium2 & on submitt+ :i* to v>i\s trials1 he uni=mly obta9$1 z ! product ( its decomposition1 a proportion ( nitrog5 consid]ably less ?an t :i*1 ^u calculations f\nd$ on a rigid analysis ( ! volatile alkali1 ought to h be5 af=d$ "u su* circum/ances1 :ile ! potassium employ$ at ! same "t became oxidat$4 ,?is result inspir$ a hope t nitrog5 might h be5 actually decompos$ dur+ ! process1 & t its elem5ts 7 oxyg5 & a metallic basis1 or oxyg5 & hydrog54 ,t he 0 sangu9e 9 t hope1 appe>s f ! :ole t5or ( 8 pap]2 9 f>!r pro( ( :i*1 ,i c adduce a lett] :i* he address$ to ,mr4 ,*ildr5 dur+ ! progress ( 8 exp]im5ts1 9 :i* he says1 ,i hope on ,?ursday to %[ y nitrog5 z a complete wreck1 torn to pieces 9 diff]5t ways4 ,8 subsequ5t enquiries1 h[ev]1 al?\gh !y did n /r5g!n ! suspicion he _h =m$ respect+ ! decomposition ( t body1 yet indirectly develop$ facts ( consid]able importance2 :i*1 ) 8 *>act]i/ic quickness ( p]ception1 he made subs]vi5t to fre% inve/igation4 ,8 rese>*es into ! ph5om5a exhibit$ by tellurium1 :5 =m+ a "p ( ! ,voltaic circuit1 are highly int]e/+4 ,x _h be5 /at$ by ,ritt]1 t1 ( all ! metallic sub/ances he tri$ = produc+ potassium by negative electricity1 tellurium 0 ! only "o by :i* he c\ld n procure x2 & he uses ?is fact 9 support ( 8 op9ion1 t potassium is a hydruret4 ,he says1 t :5 a circuit ( electricity is complet$ 9 wat] by means ( two surfaces ( tellurium1 oxyg5 is giv5 (f at ! positive surface1 & in/ead ( hydrog5 at ! negative surface1 a br[n p[d] is =m$ & sep>at$1 :i* he reg>ds z a hydruret ( tellurium2 & he conceives t ! reason :y t metal prev5ts ! metallization ( pota% is1 t x has a /rong] attraction = hydrog5 ?an t possess$ by ! alkali4 ,davy's att5tion 0 naturally arre/$ by su* a /atem5t1 &1 9 pursu+ ! enquiry1 he discov]$ a s]ies ( new facts3--he f\nd t tellurium & hydrog5 7 capable ( comb9+1 & ( =m+ a gas1 to :i* he gave ! "n ( tellurett$ hydrog51--t1 s f> f tellurium prev5t+ ! decomposition ( pota%1 x =m$ an alloy ) potassium :5 negatively electrifi$ ^u ! alkali--&1 su* 0 ! int5se aff9ity ( potassium & tellurium = ea* o!r1 t ! decomposition ( pota% might be effect$ by act+ on ! oxide ( ! latt] metal & ! alkali1 at ! same "t1 by heat$ *>coal4 ,) respect to ! next subject ( enquiry 9 ^! pap]s1 viz4 :e!r sulphur1 phosphorus1 & c>bon1 9 _! ord9>y =ms1 may n conta9 hydrog51 x w\ld appe> t f an exp]im5t p]=m$ by ,mr4 ,clayfield1 & :i* ,davy witness$ at ,bri/ol 9 ! ye> #agii1 he 0 v e>ly l$ to suspect ! exi/5ce ( hydrog5 9 sulphur2 b x 0 n until #ahjg1 t he ent]$ ^u ! inve/igation ( ! subject4 ,f ! g5]al t5or ( 8 exp]im5ts he conclud$ t1 9 its common /ate1 x may be reg>d$ z a comp\nd1 ( small quantities ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 ) a l>ge quantity ( a basis :i*1 on acc\nt ( its /rong attractions = o!r bodies1 has n hi!rto be5 obta9$ 9 its pure =m4 ,! same analogies apply to phosphorus & c>bon4 ,8 conclusion 0 ma9ly d]iv$ f ! fact1 t hydrog5 is produc$ f sulphur & phosphorus 9 su* quantities by ,voltaic electricity1 t he ?9ks x _c well be consid]$ z an accid5tal +r$i5t 9 !m3 ! pres5ce ( oxyg51 he cont5ds1 may be inf]r$ f ! circum/ance t1 :5 potassium is made to act ^u ^! bodies1 ! sulphurets & phosphurets s =m$ evolve by ! action ( an acid less hydrog51 9 ! =m ( comp\nd inflammable gas1 ?an ! same quantity ( potassium 9 an uncomb9$ /ate4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 /ill rema9s 9 consid]able d\bt2 & 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy1 publi%$ f\r ye>s aft]w>ds1 he admits t no accurate conclusions h be5 =m$ on ! subject4 ,9 8 second ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahjg1 ,davy _h giv5 an acc\nt ( an exp]im5t 9 :i* boracic acid appe>$ to be decompos$ by ,voltaic electricity1 a d>k-col\r$ inflammable sub/ance sep>at+ f x on ! negative surface4 ,9 ! memoir n[ "u consid]ation1 he procur$ ! basis by heat+ toge!r boracic acid & potassium1 :5 he asc]ta9$ x to be a peculi> inflammable matt]1 :i*1 aft] v>i\s exp]im5ts ^u its nature1 he 0 incl9$ to reg>d z metallic2 on :i* acc\nt he propos$ = x ! "n ( ,boracium4 ,at ab\t ! same p]iod1 ,,mm4 ,gay ,lussac & ,?n>d 7 engag$ 9 inve/igat+ ! same subject 9 ,france1 & !y anticipat$ him 9 "s ( ! results4 ,:5 ,davy1 by subsequ5t exp]im5ts1 _h asc]ta9$ t ! base ( ! boracic acid is m analog\s to c>bon ?an to any o!r sub/ance1 he adopt$ ! t]m ,boron1 z less exceptionable ?an t ( ,boracium4 ,at ?is "t1 he also ent]$ ^u ! inve/igation ( fluoric acid1 ! results ( :i* mu/ be res]v$ = future consid]ation4 ,8 exp]im5ts & reason+s ^u muriatic acid1 at ?is p]iod ( 8 c>e]1 mu/ be n[ consid]$ z d]iv+ _! greate/ degree ( int]e/ f _! fallacy2 & !y des]ve an exam9ation 9 ?is "w1 if x be only to e/imate ! vig\r he subsequ5tly display$ 9 dis5tangl+ himself f a web ( 8 own fabrication4 ,! mo/ satisfactory pro( ( intellectual /r5g? is to be f\nd 9 ! exi/5ce ( a p[] :i* enables ! m9d to conqu] its prejudices & to correct its own errors4 ,h[ _m rem>kable in/ances does ! hi/ory ( sci5ce pres5t1 9 :i* ! philosoph] has treat$ 8 facts z ,procru/es did 8 victims1 9 ord] t !y might accord ) ! measure mo/ conv5i5t = 8 purpose6 ,prejudic$ by ! g5]al op9ion respect+ ! hi!rto undecomp\nd$ nature ( muriatic acid1 he _h long s\ght to discov] its radical by ! ag5cy ( ,voltaic electricity2 b he uni=mly f\nd t :5 its aque\s solution 0 ?us act$ ^u1 ! wat] alone und]w5t decomposition2 :ile ! electrization ( ! gas af=d$ no o!r indication ( its nature ?an ! pres5ce ( a mu* great] quantity ( wat] ?an !ory _h assign$ to x4 ,he proce$$1 !re=e1 to exam9e ! acid by o!r modes ( enquiry3 he f\nd1 by ! action ( potassium ^u ! gas1 t a l>ge volume ( hydrog5 0 evolv$1 :i*1 9 conjunction ) o!r exp]im5ts1 satisfi$ him t ?is body1 9 its common ari=m /ate1 conta9$ at lea/ "o-?ird ( its weight ( wat]2 & he adopt$ v>i\s exp$i5ts ) ! hopes ( obta9+ ! acid free f x4 ,)\t pursu+ him ?r\gh ?is rese>*1 ,i %all m]ely /ate ! conclusions at :i* he arriv$1 viz4 t dry muriatic acid1 c\ld x be obta9$1 w\ld probably be f\nd to possess ! /ronge/ & mo/ ext5sive p[]s ( comb9ation ( all kn[n sub/ances belong+ to ! class ( acids2 & t its basis1 %\ld x ev] be sep>at$ 9 a pure =m1 w be "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ag5ts 9 ,*emi/ry4 ,f ! fact ( wat] appe>+ 9 a sep>ate /ate1 & oxymuriatic acid be+ =m$ :5ev] a metallic oxide 0 heat$ 9 muriatic acid gas1 he 0 l$ to consid] ! muriatic acid z a comp\nd ( a c]ta9 base1 7n hi!rto obta9$ 9 a sep>ate /ate17 & n less ?an "o-?ird "p ( wat]2 :ile he reg>d$ oxymuriatic acid z a comp\nd ( ! same base 7free f wat]7 ) oxyg54 ,aft] ! num]\s exp]im5ts 9 :i* ! orig9al batt]y ( ! ,in/itution _h be5 us$1 s greatly 7 its metallic plates corrod$1 t x 0 f\nd to be no long] s]viceable2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 z x w\ld appe> f a m9ute1 dat$ ,july #aa1 #ahjh1 ,mr4 ,davy laid be=e ! ,manag]s ( ! ,royal ,in/itution ! foll[+ pap]1 viz4 ,a new pa? ( discov]y hav+ be5 op5$ 9 ! ag5cies ( ! electrical batt]y ( ,volta1 :i* promises to lead to ! greate/ improvem5ts 9 ,*emi/ry & ,natural ,philosophy1 & ! useful arts connect$ ) !m2 & s9ce ! increase ( ! size ( ! app>atus is absolutely necess>y = pursu+ x to its full ext5t1 x is propos$ to raise a fund by subscription1 = con/ruct+ a p[]ful batt]y1 wor?y ( a national e/abli%m5t1 & capable ( promot+ ! great objects ( sci5ce4 ,already1 9 o!r c\ntries1 public & ample means h be5 provid$ = pursu+ ^! inve/igations4 ,!y h _h _! orig9 9 ?is c\ntry2 & x w\ld be di%on\rable to a nation s great1 s p[]ful1 & s ri*1 if1 f ! want ( pecuni>y res\rces1 !y %\ld be complet$ abroad4 ,an appeal to enlight5$ individuals on ?is subject c sc>cely be made 9 va94 ,x is propos$ t ! in/rum5t & app>atus be erect$ 9 ! ,laboratory ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 :]e x %all be employ$ 9 ! advancem5t ( ?is new dep>tm5t ( sci5ce4 ,! ,m9ute goes on !n to /ate t-- ,! above pap] hav+ be5 laid be=e ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s1 !y felt x _! indisp5sable duty in/antly to communicate ! same to e memb] ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 le/ ! slighte/ delay might furni% an opportunity to o!r c\ntries = accompli%+ ?is great "w1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ! brilliant discov]ies rec5tly made at ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,! ,manag]s pres5t agree to subscribe to ?is und]tak+4 ,,ord]$1 t a book be op5$ at ! ,/ew>d's (fice = ! purpose ( ent]+ ! names ( all ^? memb]s :o may wi% to contribute t[>ds ?is important ,national object4 ,to ! great gratification ( ,davy1 & to ! hon\r ( ! c\ntry1 ! li/ ( subscrib]s 0 soon complet$1 & "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t batt]ies ev] con/ruct$ 0 spe$ily 9 full op]ation4 ,x is ?us allud$ to 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy3--,! mo/ p[]ful comb9ation t exi/s1 9 :i* numb] ( alt]nations is comb9$ ) ext5t ( surface1 is t con/ruct$ by ! subscriptions ( a few zeal\s cultivators & patrons ( sci5ce1 9 ! ,laboratory ( ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,x consi/s ( two hundr$ in/rum5ts connect$ toge!r 9 regul> ord]1 ea* compos$ ( t5 d\ble plates arrang$ 9 cells ( porcela91 & conta9+ 9 ea* plate ?irty-two squ>e in*es2 s t ! :ole numb] ( d\ble plates is two ?\s&1 & ! :ole surface "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight ?\s& squ>e in*es4 ,?is batt]y1 :5 ! cells 7 fill$ ) sixty p>ts ( wat] mix$ ) "o "p ( nitric acid1 af=d$ a s]ies ( brilliant & impressive effects4 ,:5 pieces ( *>coal1 ab\t an in* long1 & "o-six? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 7 br\ght ne> ea* o!r1 7)9 ! ?irtie? or =tie? p>ts ( an in*17 a bright sp>k 0 produc$1 & m ?an half ! volume ( ! *>coal became ignit$ to :it5ess1 & by )draw+ ! po9ts f ea* o!r a con/ant dis*>ge took place ?r\gh ! heat$ air1 9 a space equal at lea/ to f\r in*es1 produc+ a mo/ brilliant asc5d+ ar* ( light1 broad & conical 9 =m 9 ! middle4 ,:5 any sub/ance 0 introduc$ into ?is ar*1 x in/antly became ignit$2 plat9a melt$ z readily 9 x z wax 9 ! flame ( a common c&le2 qu>tz1 ! sapphire1 magnesia1 lime1 all ent]$ into fusion2 fragm5ts ( diamond1 & po9ts ( *>coal & plumbago rapidly disappe>$1 & seem$ to evaporate 9 x1 ev5 :5 ! connexion 0 made 9 a receiv] exhau/$ by ! air-pump2 b !re 0 no evid5ce ( _! hav+ previ\sly und]gone fusion4 ,all ! ph5om5a ( *emical decomposition 7 produc$ ) int5se rapidity by ?is comb9ation4 ,:5 ! po9ts ( *>coal 7 br\ght ne> ea* o!r 9 non-conduct+ fluids1 su* z oils1 e!r1 & oxymuriatic comp\nds1 brilliant sp>ks occurr$1 & ela/ic matt] 0 rapidly g5]at$4 ,among ! num]\s exp]im5ts p]=m$ by ! aid ( ?is batt]y1 he in/itut$ sev]al1 9 ! hope ( decompos+ nitrog52 & :i* are record$ 9 8 ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahji4 ,he ignit$ potassium1 by int5se ,voltaic electricity1 9 ?is gas2 & ! result 01 t hydrog5 appe>$1 & "s nitrog5 0 f\nd defici5t4 ,?is1 on fir/ view1 l$ him to ! suspicion t he _h atta9$ 8 object2 b1 9 subsequ5t exp]im5ts1 9 proportion z ! potassium 0 m free f a coat+ ( pota%1 :i* necess>ily introduc$ wat]1 s 9 proportion 0 less hydrog5 evolv$1 & less nitrog5 f\nd defici5t4 ,! g5]al t5or ( ^! enquiries1 !re=e1 did n /r5g!n ! op9ion he _h =m$ ) respect to ! comp\nd nature ( nitrog54 ,x appe>s f ! foll[+ lett]1 t ,davy visit$ 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,&rew ,knight at ,d[nton1 9 ,septemb] #ahji4 ,x is introduc$ 9 ^! memoirs pr9cipally = ! purpose ( %[+ ) :at boldness he 0 accu/om$ to dep>t f g5]ally receiv$ op9ions1 & to project new !ories = ! explanation ( ! mo/ ab/ruse subjects4 ,,to ,,john ,,george ,,*ildr51 ,,esq4 ,septemb] #bc1 #ahji4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d1 ,i am ab\t to visit ,d[nton1 & %all return by ! fir/ ( ,octob]4 ,i h nei!r se5 nor he>d f ,"l ,d>nley1 & ,i conjecture he has n yet return$ f ,scotl&4 ,i wi% y great sport 9 pheasant-%oot+1 b ,i tru/ y h _h /ill nobl] game 9 y\r ,laboratory4 ,i d\bt n y h f\nd be=e ?is1 z ,i h done1 t ! sub/ance we mi/ook = sulphurett$ hydrog5 is tellurett$ hydrog51 v soluble 9 wat]1 comb9able ) alkalies & e>?s1 & a sub/ance af=d+ ano!r pro( t hydrog5 is an oxide4 ,i h met ) ano!r analog\s comp\nd1 t ( boracium ) hydrog51 :i* possesses v simil> prop]ties4 ,i f9d t tak+ ammonium z ! basis ( hydrog51 accord+ to ! ideas :i* ,i /at$1 all ! comp\nds w agree ) ! suppositions t ,i m5tion$ to y1 viz4 eight cubic in*es ( hydrog51 two ( oxyg51 ammonia2 f\r & two1 wat]2 f\r & f\r1 nitrog52 f\r & six1 nitr\s oxide2 f\r & eight1 nitr\s gas2 f\r & t51 nitric acid4 ,:]e ! multiples are n 9 geometrical ord]1 ! decomposition is mo/ easy1 i4e4 9 nitr\s oxide & nitric acid2 m easy 9 wat] ?an 9 ammonia2 b mo/ difficult 9 nitrog51 :]e !re is probably ! mo/ p]fect equilibrium ( aff9ities4 ,i h kept *>coal :ite hot by ! ,voltaic app>atus1 9 dry oxymuriatic acid gas = an h\r1 )\t effect+ its decomposition4 ,?is agrees ) :at ,i _h be=e obs]v$ ) a r$ heat4 ,x is z difficult to decompose z nitrog51 except :5 all its elem5ts c be made to ent] into new comb9ations4 ,i f9d ! radiation1 9 vacuo1 f ignit$ plat9a1 is to t 9 air z ?ree to "o3--s mu* = ,leslie's hypo!sis4 ,a little electrical ma*9e acts ) a repulsion z two1 9 a vacuum equal to five in*es ( m]cury2 z ?irty1 9 common air2 z ?irty1 9 oxyg52 z tw5ty-n9e or ?irty1 9 hydrog52 & z =ty-five1 9 c>bonic acid4 ,i %[$ ?is exp]im5t1 made ) e precaution1 to ,mr4 ,cav5di%1 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell1 ,dr4 ,wolla/on1 & ,w>burton3 s mu* = ! !ory1 t electricity is dep5d5t ^u oxidation4 ,i d n ?9k our wor?y fri5d ,pepys w resi/ any long]4 ,pray let me "k :at y h be5 do+4 ,i hope y w n suff] ^! beautiful & satisfactory exp]im5ts ( ! capacities ( metals to rema9 /ill4 ,write me a lett] z egoti/ical z ! "o ,i h giv5 y4 ,y are pl$g$ to d good & noble ?+s1 & y mu/ n disappo9t ! m5 ( sci5ce ( ?is c\ntry4 ,) k9de/ remembrances to y\r excell5t fa!r1 & ) hopes t we %all soon meet1 ,i am1 my de> fri5d1 ,v fai?fully & affectionately y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,! g5ius display$ by ,mr4 ,knight 9 inve/igat+ ! ph5om5a ( vegetable nature1 & 9 apply+ ! k ?us acquir$ to objects ( practical improvem5t1 excit$ 9 ,davy1 z might h be5 expect$1 feel+s ( ! highe/ admiration2 & :51 9 addition to su* claims1 he 0 ! ackn[l$g$ patron & hospitable fri5d ( ! angl]1 ! read] w readily imag9e ! w>m? ( feel+ ) :i* our philosoph] *]i%$ 8 fri5d%ip4 ,on comm5c+ ! pres5t "w1 ,i appli$ to ,mr4 ,knight = any assi/ance he might be able to af=d me1 9 aid ( s ardu\s a lab\r2 & he v k9dly return$ an answ]1 f :i* ,i extract ! foll[+ passage4 ,my late lam5t$ fri5d1 ,sir ,humphry ,davy1 usually paid me a visit 9 ! autumn1 :5 he *iefly amus$ himself ) angl+ = grayl+1 a fi% :i* he appe>$ to take great pleasure 9 cat*+4 ,he seem$ to enjoy ! repose & comp>ative solitude ( ?is place1 :]e he met b few p]sons1 except ^? ( my own family1 = we usually saw b little company4 ,he always assur$ me t he pass$ 8 visits agreeably1 & ,i _h reason to believe he express$ 8 real feel+s4 ,9 ! famili> conv]sations ( ^! fri5dly visits1 he always appe>$ to me to be a mu* m extraord9>y be+ ?an ev5 8 writ+s1 & va/ discov]ies1 w\ld h l$ me to suppose him2 &1 9 ! ext5t ( intellectual p[]s1 ,i %all ev] ?9k t he liv$ & di$ )\t an equal4 ,! read] has already be5 made acqua9t$ ) ^? exp]im5ts :i* l$ ,davy to modify ! prevail+ op9ions1 ) reg>d to ! con/itution ( ! muriatic & oxymuriatic acids2 & on ! false assumption t oxyg5 exi/$ 9 ! latt] gas1 to ref] ! deposition ( wat] :i* takes place ^u heat+ a metallic oxide 9 ! =m]1 to ! supposition t muriatic acid conta9s a l>ge proportion ( wat] z ess5tial to its composition4 ,^u obs]v+1 h[ev]1 t *>coal1 if fre$ f hydrog5 & moi/ure1 ev5 :5 ignit$ to :it5ess 9 oxymuriatic1 or muriatic acid gas1 by ! ,voltaic batt]y1 did n effect ! lea/ *ange 9 !m1 he 0 l$ to suspect ! accuracy ( 8 previ\s conclusion2 & on retrac+ 8 /eps1 & ent]+ ^u a new pa? ( enquiry1 he ultimately succe$$1 aft] "o ( ! mo/ acute controv]sies t ev] sprang f a *emical "q1 9 recall+ philosoph]s to ! orig9al !ory ( ,s*eele1 by e/abli%+ ! important tru?1 t oxymuriatic acid is1 9 ! true logic ( *emi/ry1 a simple body1 :i* becomes muriatic acid by its union ) hydrog54 ,! new views aris+ out ( su* a revolution 9 *emical op9ion are c]ta9ly n ! lea/ important ( ^? to :i* ! discov]ies ( ,davy h giv5 bir?4 ,dr4 ,johnson has rem>k$1 t "o ( ! mo/ haz>d\s attempts ( criticism is to *oose ! be/ among/ _m good4 ,i am mu* mi/ak51 h[ev]1 if ! *emi/s ( ,europe w n1 )\t hesitation1 pron\nce 8 rese>*es into ! nature ( oxymuriatic acid1 & its relations1 ) ! exception ( ^? by :i* he e/abli%$ ! *emical laws ( ,voltaic action1 to be by f> ! mo/ important ( all 8 lab\rs2 n only z ev9c+ ! asc5dancy ( 8 g5ius1 & ! /ead9ess ( 8 p]sev]ance1 b z m>k+ a new & spl5did era 9 *emical sci5ce4 ,x is mu* m difficult to eradicate an anci5t error ?an to e/abli% a new tru?2 & on ?is occasion1 he _h n only to cont5d aga9/ ! pamp]$ errors ( a dom9e]+ sy/em1 b aga9/ ! equivocal & illusive evid5ce1 or1 if ,i may be all[$ ! expression1 ! app>5t neutrality ( facts by :i* ! tru? ( 8 !ory 0 to be judg$4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! con/ant & (t5 unsuspect$ int]f]5ce ( wat]1 !re is sc>cely a result connect$ ) ! *emical hi/ory ( ! bodies 9 dispute1 t did n admit ( be+ equally well expla9$ ^u ! hypo!sis t oxymuriatic acid is a comp\nd1 z ^u t ( its be+ a simple or undecomp\nd$ sub/ance4 ,! "q c\ld nev] h be5 det]m9$ b by an inve/igation ( ! mo/ ref9$ & subtile nature2 s delicately 0 ! evid5ce balanc$1 t no?+ b ! ke5e/ eye1 & ! /eadie/ h&1 c\ld h det]m9$ ! side on :i* ! beam prepond]at$4 ,! illu/ri\s discov]] ( oxymuriatic acid consid]$ t body z muriatic acid fre$ f hydrog51 or1 9 ! obscure language ( ! ,/ahlian s*ool1 z muriatic acid depriv$ ( phlogi/on1 :5ce he assign$ to x ! "n ( dephlogi/icat$ muriatic acid4 ,^u ! e/abli%m5t ( ! antiphlogi/ic !ory by ,lavoisi]1 x became ess5tial to ! g5]alization :i* di/+ui%$ x1 t a body p]=m+ ! functions ( an acid1 & above all1 support+ ! process ( combu/ion1 %\ld be reg>d$ z conta9+ oxyg5 9 its composition2 & facts 7 n want+ to sanction su* an inf]5ce4 ,! sub/ance c\ld n ev5 be produc$ f muriatic acid1 )\t ! action ( "s body kn[n to conta9 oxyg52 :ile ! fact ( su* a body becom+ deoxidat$ by ! process1 seem$ to demon/rate1 beyond ! possibility ( error1 t ! conv]sion ( ! muriatic into ! oxymuriatic acid1 0 no?+ m ?an a simple transf]5ce ( oxyg5 f ! oxide to ! acid3 an op9ion :i* 0 univ]sally adopt$1 & :i* = ne>ly ?irty ye>s triumph$ )\t opposition4 ,! body ( evid5ce by :i* ,davy ov]?rew ?is doctr9e1 & e/abli%$ ! undecomp\nd$ nature ( oxymuriatic acid1 is to be f\nd 9 a succession ( pap]s read be=e ! ,royal ,society1 viz4 9 t already ann\nc$1--9 8 ,bak]ian ,lecture = #ahaj1--;& 9 a subsequ5t memoir read 9 ,febru>y #ahaa4 ,x w be impossible = me to foll[ ! au?or ?r\gh all ! intricacies ( ! enquiry2 b ,i %all seize ^u "s ( its m prom95t po9ts1 & give a g5]al outl9e ( its be>+s4 ,no soon] _h 8 suspicions be5 excit$ ) reg>d to ! comp\nd nature ( oxymuriatic acid1 ?an x occurr$ to him t1 if oxyg5 7 really pres5t 9 t body1 he might readily obta9 x f "s ( its comp\nds2 t1 = in/ance1 its comb9ation ) t9 w\ld yield an oxide ( t metal by ammonia2 :ile ^? ) phosphorus w\ld furni%1 on analysis1 ei!r ! phosphorous1 or phosphoric acid4 ,b aft] exp]im5ts 9 :i* ! pres5ce ( wat] 0 mo/ cauti\sly exclud$1 ! results he _h anticipat$ 7 n obta9$4 ,9 ! place ( an oxide ( t91 ! product1 on ! application ( heat1 volatiliz$ 9 d5se & pung5t fumes2 &1 in/ead ( obta9+ an acid ( phosphorus1 a body possess+ new & unexpect$ prop]ties result$4 ,aga91--x _h be5 /at$1 9 confirmation ( ! !ory t recognis$ ! pres5ce ( oxyg5 9 oxymuriatic acid1 t :5 ?is latt] body & ammonia 7 made to act ^u ea* o!r1 wat] 0 =m$3 our *emi/ frequ5tly repeat$ ! exp]im5t1 & conv9c$ himself t su* 0 n ! fact4 ,x _h be5 %[n by ,mr4 ,cruick%ank1 & m rec5tly prov$ by ,,mm4 ,gay ,lussac & ,?n>d1 t oxymuriatic acid & hydrog51 :5 mix$ 9 ne>ly equal proportions1 produce a matt] almo/ entirely cond5sable by wat]1 :i* is common muriatic acid2 & t wat] is n deposit$ 9 ! op]ation4 ,davy made _m exp]im5ts on ! subject1 & he f\nd1 t :5 ^! gases 7 m+l$ toge!r 9 equal volumes ov] wat]1 introduc$ into an exhau/$ vessel1 & fir$ by ! electric sp>k1 muriatic acid result$1 al?\gh1 at ! same "t1 !re 0 a c]ta9 degree ( cond5sation1 & a slight deposition ( vap\r2 b on repeat+ ! exp]im5t 9 a mann] /ill m ref9$1 & by c>efully dry+ ! gases1 su* cond5sation became proportionally less4 ,:51 9 addition to ! above exp]im5tal evid5ce1 x is /at$ t ,,mm4 ,gay ,lussac & ,?n>d _h prov$1 by a copi\s collection ( in/ances1 t 9 ! usual cases :]e oxyg5 is elim9at$ f oxymuriatic acid1 wat] is always pres5t1 & muriatic acid gas is =m$2 & z x has be5 moreov] %[n t oxymuriatic is conv]t$ into muriatic acid gas by comb9+ ) hydrog51 x is sc>cely possible to avoid ! conclusion1 t ! oxyg5 is d]iv$ f ! decomposition ( wat]1 & n f t ( ! acid4 ,:5 m]cury is made to act1 by means ( ,voltaic electricity1 ^u "o volume ( muriatic acid gas1 all ! acid disappe>s1 calomel is =m$1 & half a volume ( hydrog5 is evolv$4 ,by su* exp]im5ts & argum5ts1 ,davy 0 l$ to ! conclusion t1 z yet1 oxymuriatic acid has n be5 decomp\nd$2 t x is a peculi> body1 elem5t>y z f> z our k ext5ds1 & analog\s1 9 its t5d5cy ( comb9ation ) inflammable matt]1 to oxyg5 gas2 t1 9 fact1 x may be a peculi> acidify+ & dissolv+ pr9ciple1 =m+ ) diff]5t sub/ances comp\nds analog\s to acids conta9+ oxyg51 or to oxides1 9 _! prop]ties & p[]s ( comb9ation1 b diff]+ f !m 9 be+1 = ! mo/ "p1 decomposable by wat]4 ,on ?is idea1 he ?9ks t muriatic acid may be consid]$ z hav+ hydrog5 = its base1 & oxymuriatic acid = its acidify+ pr9ciple4 ,9 confirmation ( su* an op9ion1 x is also important to rem>k1 t 9 its electrical relations1 oxymuriatic acid ma9ta9s its analogy to oxyg54 ,! vivid combu/ion ( bodies 9 oxymuriatic acid gas1 ,davy ackn[l$ges1 may1 at fir/ view1 appe> a reason :y oxyg5 %\ld be admitt$ z "o ( its elem5ts2 b he answ]s ?is argum5t by /at+1 t heat & light are m]ely results ( ! int5se ag5cy ( comb9ation2 & t sulphur & metals1 alkal9e e>?s & acids1 become alike ignit$ "u su* circum/ances4 ,z *ange ( !ory ) reg>d to ! primitive mu/ necess>ily modify all our views ) respect to ! nature ( second>y bodies1 s mu/ ?is new view ( oxymuriatic acid affect all our op9ions respect+ its comp\nds4 ,davy accord+ly proce$$1 9 ! fir/ place1 to inve/igate ! v>i\s bodies :i* _h be5 di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( hyp]-oxymuriates1 muriates1 c4 ,x also became necess>y to alt] ! nom5clature1 s9ce to call a body :i* nei!r conta9s oxyg5 nor muriatic acid1 by a t]m :i* d5otes ! pres5ce ( bo?1 is contr>y to ^? v pr9ciples :i* fir/ sugge/$ x4 ,hav+ consult$ "s ( ! mo/ em95t philosoph]s1 ,davy propos$ a "n f\nd$ ^u "o ( ! mo/ obvi\s & *>act]i/ic prop]ties ( ! oxymuriatic acid1 namely1 its col\r1 & call$ x ,,*lor9e4 ,if !n oxymuriatic acid1 or *lor9e1 does n conta9 any oxyg51 a "q imm$iately arises z to ! true nature ( ^? comp\nds 9 :i* ! muriatic acid has be5 suppos$ to exi/ 9 comb9ation ) a mu* l>g] proportion ( oxyg5 ?an 9 ! oxymuriatic acid1--9 ! /ate 9 :i* x has be5 nam$ by ,mr4 ,*5evix hyp]-oxyg5iz$ muriatic acid4 ,9 8 ,bak]ian ,lecture ( #ahaj1 entitl$1 ,on "s ( ! ,comb9ations ( ,oxymuriatic ,gas & ,oxyg51 & on ! ,*emical ,relations ( ^! ,pr9ciples1 he details a numb] ( exp]im5ts = ! illu/ration ( ?is subject1 & arrives at ! conclusion1 t ! oxyg5 9 ! hyp]-oxymuriate ( pota% is 9 triple comb9ation ) ! metal & *lor9e4 ,he likewise confirms 8 views1 ) reg>d to ! elem5t>y nature ( ?is latt] body1 by a s]ies ( new enquiries1 & %[s t !y are n incompatible ) kn[n ph5om5a3--= in/ance1 ,s*eele expla9$ ! blea*+ p[]s ( oxymuriatic gas1 by suppos+ t x de/roy$ col\rs by comb9+ ) ,phlogi/on4 ,b]?ollet#hg consid]$ x z act+ by imp>t+ oxyg52 ,davy n[ proves t ! pure gas is :olly incapable ( alt]+ vegetable col\rs1 & t its op]ation 9 blea*+ entirely dep5ds ^u its prop]ty ( decompos+ wat]1 & ( ?us lib]at+ its oxyg54#hh ,! exp]im5t by :i* he demon/rat$ ?is fact is s simple & satisfactory1 t ,i %all "h relate x4 ,hav+ fill$ a glass globe1 conta9+ dry p[d]$ muriate ( lime1 ) oxymuriatic gas1 he introduc$ into ano!r globe1 also conta9+ muriate ( lime1 "s dry pap] t+$ ) litmus1 t _h be5 j heat$2 by :i* device ! intrusion ( moi/ure 0 effectually prev5t$4 ,aft] "s "t1 ?is latt] globe 0 exhau/$1 & !n connect$ ) t conta9+ ! oxymuriatic gas1 & by an appropriate set ( /op-cocks1 ! pap] 0 expos$ to ! action ( ! gas ?us dri$3 no *ange ( col\r 9 ! te/ pap] took place1 & aft] two days1 !re 0 sc>cely a p]ceptible alt]ation2 :ile "s simil> pap] dri$ & introduc$ into ! gas1 t _h n be5 expos$ to muriate ( lime1 0 in/antly blea*$4 #hg ,b]?ollet fir/ appli$ oxymuriatic acid = ! purpose ( blea*+1 9 ,france2 f :5ce ,mr4 ,watt introduc$ x into ,engl&4 #hh ,dr4 ,?omson has m rec5tly expla9$ ! op]ation1 by suppos+ t wat] is decompos$1 & t its hydrog5 goes to ! *lor9e1 & its oxyg5 to ! wat]1 =m+ ) ! latt] a deutoxide ( hydrog51 or ! oxyg5at$ wat] ( ,?n>d1 :i* he consid]s z ! true blea*+ pr9ciple4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! eag]ness ) :i* he seiz$ ^u facts1 9 ord] to apply !m to economical purposes1 x may be /at$ t1 on reflect+ ^u ! !ory ( blea*+1 & on ! *anges :i* its ag5ts und]go1 he 0 l$ to propose ! use ( a liquor produc$ by ! cond5sation ( oxymuriatic gas 9 wat]1 conta9+ magnesia diffus$ ?r\gh x1 z sup]ior to ! oxymuriate ( lime commonly employ$4#hi #hi ,exp]i5ce has n confirm$ ! value ( ?is sugge/ion4 ,davy imag9$ t ! vegetable fibre 0 injur$ by ! sal9e residuum2 & hav+ f\nd t muriate ( magnesia 0 less corrosive ?an muriate ( lime1 he 0 l$ to propose ! sub/itute above /at$4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 is1 t ! fibre is injur$ by ! *lor9e2 & z ?is body has only a slight aff9ity = magnesia1 x too quickly ab&ons x2 & consequ5tly ! oxymuriate ( lime is /ill pref]r$4 ,x has be5 v truly obs]v$1 t all k :i* is ga9$ t5ds t[>ds ! acquisition ( m1 j z ! iron dug f ! m9e facilitates 9 return ! work+ ( ! m9]4 ,nev] 0 ?is tru? m =cibly illu/rat$ ?an by ! discov]y ( ! nature ( *lor9e4 ,9 ! progress ( t tra9 ( enquiry1 :i* became necess>y = ! adju/m5t ( our views z !y reg>d$ ! comb9ations ( t body1 ,davy discov]$ a s]ies ( new comp\nds1 ! hi/ory ( :i* he communicat$ 9 successive pap]s to ! ,royal ,society4 ,9 a memoir read 9 ,febru>y #ahaa1 entitl$1 ,on a ,comb9ation ( ,oxymuriatic ,gas & ,oxyg5 ,gas1 he ann\nc$ ! exi/5ce ( a protoxide ( *lor9e1 "u ! "n ( ,eu*lor9e2 & 9 a communication f ,rome 9 ! ye> #ahae1 he describ$ ano!r comp\nd ( *lor9e & oxyg51 conta9+ a /ill l>g] proportion ( ?is latt] elem5t1 & :i* has s9ce be5 made ! subject ( a s]ies ( exp]im5ts by ,c\nt ,/adion ( ,vi5na4 ,z x does n exhibit any acid prop]ties1 ,dr4 ,h5ry proposes to call x a ,p]oxide1 9 pref]5ce to ,deutoxide2 ?9k+ x probable t int]m$iate comp\nds1 betwe5 ?is & ! protoxide already m5tion$1 may be h]eaft] discov]$4 ,8 pap] on eu*lor9e ab\nds ) int]e/4 ,he f\nd t by act+ on ! salts =m]ly d5om9at$ hyp]-oxymuriates1 by muriatic acid1 ! gas evolv$ diff]$ v greatly 9 its prop]ties1 ) ! diff]5t modes ( prep>+ x4 ,:5 mu* acid 0 employ$ ) a small quantity ( ! salt1 & ! gas 0 collect$ ov] wat]1 x 0 n f\nd to diff] f oxymuriatic gas2 b :51 on ! o!r h&1 ! gas 0 procur$ by means ( a weak acid1 & a consid]able excess ( ! salt1 at a l[ heat1 & 0 collect$ ov] m]cury1 x possess$ prop]ties ess5tially diff]5t4 ,its col\r1 "u su* circum/ances1 0 ( a d5se t9t ( brilliant yell[-gre51 :5ce ! "n ( eu*lor9e4#ij ,:5 9 a pure =m1 ?is gas is s readily decompos$1 t x w sometimes explode dur+ ! "t ( its transf] f "o vessel to ano!r1 produc+ bo? heat & light ) an expansion ( volume1#ia & x may always be made to explode by a v g5tle heat1 (t5 ev5 by t ( ! h&4 #ij ,f ,greek3 eu & ,greek3 *lros4 #ia ,! mo/ vivid effects ( combu/ion kn[n are ^? produc$ by ! cond5sation ( oxyg51 or *lor9e3 b 9 ?is in/ance1 a viol5t explosion ) heat & light is produc$ by _! sep>ation1 & expansion2 a p]fectly novel circum/ance 9 *emical philosophy4 ,! results ( its explosion indicate its composition to be "o atom ( *lor9e1 & "o ( oxyg54 ,none ( ! metals t burn 9 *lor9e act ^u ?is gas at common temp]atures2 b :5 ! oxyg5 is sep>at$1 !y !n inflame 9 ! residual *lor9e4 ,?is fact ,davy illu/rat$ by a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 "o ( :i*1 f its extreme beauty1 ,i %all "h relate4 ,if a glass vessel1 conta9+ copp]-leaf1 be exhau/$1 & ! eu*lor9e aft]w>ds admitt$1 no action w take place2 b ?r[ 9 a little nitr\s gas1 & a rapid decomposition w ensue1 & ! metal w burn ) its accu/om$ brilliancy4 ,! discov]y ( ?is int]e/+ gas1 & t ( ! facts connect$ ) x1 n only confirm$ ! novel views ) reg>d to ! elem5t>y nature ( *lor9e1 b !y reconcil$ ! contradictory acc\nts ( diff]5t au?ors respect+ ! prop]ties ( t body4 ,! weak attraction subsi/+ betwe5 ! elem5ts ( ?is comp\nd gas1 :i* by a comp>atively l[ temp]ature are made repulsive ( ea* o!r1 confirms also ! supposition ( ,davy1 t oxyg5 & *lor9e belong to ! same class ( bodies4 ,! discov]y ( ! p]oxide ( *lor9e 0 made dur+ an exam9ation ( ! action ( acids on ! hyp]-oxymuriates ( ,*5evix1 und]tak5 by ,davy 9 consequ5ce ( a /atem5t ( ,m4 ,gay ,lussac1 t a peculi> acid1 :i* he call$ *loric acid1 might be procur$ f ! hyp]-oxymuriate ( b>yta by sulphuric acid4 ,) reg>d to ?is acid1 :i* its discov]] consid]$ z compos$ ( "o atom ( *lor9e & five atoms ( oxyg51 ,davy ent]$ into a w>m controv]sy1 affirm+ t ! fluid 9 "q ow$ its acid p[]s to comb9$ hydrog52 & t x 0 analog\s to ! o!r hyp]-oxymuriates1 z be+ triple comp\nds ( inflammable bases ) *lor9e & oxyg51 9 :i* ! two =m] det]m9e ! "* ( ! comp\nd3 ?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 he aft]w>ds ab&on$1 & ,i h reason to believe t he regrett$ ev] hav+ advanc$ x4 ,amid/ ^! new views1 x became necess>y to alt] our op9ions ) reg>d to _m ( ^? comp\nds :i* h be5 t]m$ muriates1 b :i*1 x w\ld appe>1 conta9 nei!r muriatic acid nor oxyg51 b are1 /rictly speak+1 comb9ations ( metals ) *lor9e1 held 9 union by a v p[]ful aff9ity1 s9ce *lor9e is capable ( expell+ ! :ole ( ! oxyg5 f any metallic oxide1 & ( tak+ its place2 ev5 ^? metals t are mo/ di/+ui%$ by _! aff9ity = oxyg51 ab&on x :5ev] _! oxides are heat$ 9 *lor9e1 9 :i* case oxyg5 gas is dis5gag$4 ,! same metal is also capable ( unit+ ) diff]5t proportions ( *lor9e1 :i*1 s f> z has be5 yet asc]ta9$1 are def9ite1 & 9 no case exce$ two proportions to "o ( metal4 ,h5ce x 0 propos$ by ,davy1 9 fix+ ! nom5clature ( ^! comp\nds1 to designate su* z conta9 ! lea/ proportion ( *lor9e by ! t]m9ation ane1 add$ to ! ,lat9 "n ( ! metal1 z cuprane = t ( copp]2 ^? conta9+ ! l>g] proportion ( *lor9e1 by ! t]m9ation anea1 z cupranea4 ,! *emical "n ( our common cul9>y salt1 9 con=mity ) su* a nom5clature1 w\ld be sodane4 ,?is proposition1 h[ev]1 has n be5 adopt$2#ib ! comp\nds ( metals & *lor9e are ei!r call$ *lorurets1 or :at is pref]able1 f _! analogy ) ! simil> comp\nds ( oxyg51 *lorides1 & :i* are fur!r di/+ui%$ z proto*lorides1 deuto*lorides1 c4 #ib ,a little reflection w conv9ce u t su* a nom5clature c\ld nev] h be5 adopt$ ) propriety4 ,x is 9 direct defiance ( ! ,l9nan precept1 t a specific "n mu/ n be unit$ to ! g5]ic z a t]m9ation2 besides :i*1 su* t]ms c\ld nev] h be5 pres]v$ 9 translations into o!r languages4 ,9 connexion ) ! hi/ory ( ^! *lorides1 a "q arises ( great int]e/ & obscurity1 & :i* has engag$ ! att5tion ( "s ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ *emi/s1--:e!r su* a body1 :5 dissolv$ by wat]1 rema9s z a *loride2 or1 by decompos+ t fluid1 & comb9+ ) its elem5ts1 is n imm$iately conv]t$ into a muriate8 ,) respect to sev]al ( ^! *lorides1 no d\bt c be ent]ta9$ z to ! fact ( _! decompos+ wat]2 = in/ance1 ! *loride ( phosphorus is ?us act$ ^u1 ! oxyg5 ( ! wat] =ms phosphor\s acid ) ! phosphorus1 :ile its hydrog5 unites ) ! *lor9e to =m muriatic acid2 & z ^? products are su* z d n comb9e ) ea* o!r1 b exi/ 9 a /ate ( mixture 9 ! wat]1 ea* may be recognis$ by its peculi> prop]ties4 ,9 l mann]1 z ,davy has obs]v$1 :5 wat] is add$ 9 c]ta9 quantities to ,libavius's liquor 7deuto*loride ( t971 a solid cry/all9e mass is obta9$1 f :i* oxide ( t9 & muriate ( ammonia c be obta9$ by ammonia4 ,9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy1 ,davy has be51 9 _m in/ances1 explicit on ?is po9t2 & 8 op9ions are fav\rable to ! idea t *lorides become muriates by be+ dissolv$ 9 wat]3 ?us1 he /ates t ! p]*loride ( iron acts ) viol5ce ^u wat]1 & =ms a solution ( r$ muriate ( iron2 & he obs]ves t ! p]muriate =ms a solution ( gre5 muriate ( iron by its action ^u wat]4#ic ,) reg>d1 h[ev]1 to ! g5]al pr9ciple1 t *lorides become muriates by solution1 !re are difficulties :i* d n fall )9 ! prov9ce ( a biograph] to discuss4 ,i %all m]ely obs]ve t su* a *ange is1 9 _m cases1 s inconsi/5t ) our preconceiv$ op9ions1 t v /rong evid5ce is requir$ to reconcile u to its tru?4 ,we are und\bt$ly prep>$ to he> t mu* may happ5 betwe5 ! cup & ! lip1--b t common salt %\ld be a *loride ( sodium on our plates1 & a muriate ( soda 9 our m\?s1 is c]ta9ly a v />tl+ ass]tion4 #ic ,= an admirable pap] ^u ?is subject by ,mr4 ,r4 ,phillips1 9 :i* all ! mat]ial po9ts ( ! subject are consid]$ ) t acum5 :i* di/+ui%es its au?or1 see ,annals ( ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 ,new ,s]ies4 ,! reception :i* ! *loridic !ory met ) f ! *emical _w might aptly en\gh be adduc$ 9 illu/ration ( t rem>k ) :i* ,i comm5c$ ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,at fir/1 its tru? 0 que/ion$1 & no soon] _h ?is be5 triumphantly e/abli%$1 ?an an attempt 0 invidi\sly made to transf] ! glory ( ! discov]y f ,davy to ! ,fr5* philosoph]s4 ,^u ea* ( ^! po9ts1 ,i %all beg to (f] a few obs]vations4 ,fir/1 ) reg>d to ! fact ( *lor9e be+ z yet an undecomp\nd$ body4 ,! v ann\ncem5t ( a !ory s adv]se to ! univ]sal fai? ( ,europe1 0 a signal = op5 ho/ilities2 ! obs]vations ( ,dr4 ,murray may be consid]$ z express+ ! s5tim5ts ( mo/ ( ! lead+ *emi/s on ! fir/ publication ( ! novel views ( ,davy4 ,op9ions1 says he1 m unexpect$ h seldom be5 ann\nc$ to *emi/s1 ?an ^? lately advanc$ by ,mr4 ,davy ) reg>d to ! con/itution ( ! muriatic & oxymuriatic acids2 viz4 t ! latt] is n a comp\nd ( muriatic acid & oxyg51 b a simple sub/ance1 & t ! =m] is a comp\nd ( ?is sub/ance ) hydrog54 ,! m g5]al pr9ciple connect$ ) ^! op9ions1 t oxymuriatic acid is1 l oxyg51 an acidify+ elem5t1 =m+ ) inflammables & metals an ext5sive s]ies ( analog\s comp\nds1 leads /ill m directly to ! subv]sion ( ! e/abli%$ *emical sy/ems1 & to an entire revolution 9 "s ( ! mo/ important doctr9es ( ! sci5ce4 ,dr4 ,murray ent]$ ! li/s z ! av[$ p>tisan ( ! !ory ( ,b]?ollet2 ,dr4 ,davy1 on ! o!r h&1 appe>$ z ! *ampion ( 8 bro!r's doctr9e4 ,a sev]e conte/ ensu$1 & bo? combatants display$ equal skill & /r5g?4 ,! object ( ! =m] 0 to demon/rate ! pres5ce ( wat]1 or its elem5ts1 z a con/itu5t "p ( muriatic acid2 & he propos$ to det]m9e ! po9t by comb9+ ! dry gases ( muriatic acid & ammonia2 = z ^! bodies did n conta9 its elem5ts1 %\ld wat] appe>1 he ma9ta9$ t x mu/ be consid]$ z pre-exi/+ 9 ! muriatic acid2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 if no wat] c\ld be procur$1 x w\ld be unphilosophical to suppose x pres5t1 b t muriatic acid gas mu/1 9 t case1 be consid]$ z a comp\nd ( hydrog5 & *lor9e4 ,9 p]=m+ ?is exp]im5t1 ,dr4 ,murray did succe$ 9 obta9+ a portion ( wat]2 b ! inf]5ce f su* a fact 0 que/ion$ on ! o!r side1 ^u ! assumption ( ! humidity ( ! gases4 ,z all p>ties1 h[ev]1 seem$ to agree1 t if e s\rce ( error c\ld be exclud$1 ! comb9ation ( ^! gases w\ld furni% an exp]im5tum crucis1 by :i* ! tru? or fallacy ( ei!r !ory might be e/abli%$1 ,davy1 :5 at ,ed9burgh1 0 desir\s ( repeat+ ! exp]im5t ) ,dr4 ,hope1 & x 0 accord+ly made 9 ! ,college ,laboratory4 ,sir ,george ,mack5zie1 ,mr4 ,playfair1 & "s o!r g5tlem51 7 pres5t4 ,! results 7 communicat$ 9 ,ni*olson's ,j\rnal by ,dr4 ,davy1 & may be briefly /at$ z foll[s3--,! alkal9e & acid gases 7 pure1 & bo? _h be5 previ\sly dri$ by exposure = sixte5 h\rs to sub/ances hav+ a /rong attraction = wat]4 ,! app>atus consi/$ ( a pla9 retort ( ab\t ! capacity ( tw5ty-six cubic in* measures1 ) a /op-cock2 & ( a receiv]1 ) a suitable /op-cock4 ,! latt] 0 fill$ ov] m]cury ) "o ( ! gases1 :i* f ! receiv] pass$ into ! exhau/$ retort by means ( ! /op-cocks2 ! o!r gas 0 introduc$ ! same way into ! retort2 & ?us alt]nately ab\t n9ety cubic in*es ( ea* gas 7 comb9$4 ,all ! salt hav+ !n be5 driv5 into ! bulb ( ! retort by ! heat ( a _s lamp1 ! neck 0 cool$ & kept cold by moi/5$ clo?s1 :il/ ! bulb 0 heat$ by a coke fire1 till ! muriate began to sublime1 & to make its appe>ance at ! curvature ( ! vessel :5 ! fire 0 )drawn4 ,! result 0 !n exam9$1 :ile ! bottom ( ! retort 0 /ill v hot3 a dew1 j p]ceptible1 0 obs]v$ l9+ ! cold neck4 ,! quantity ( wat] 0 s extremely small1 t ! globul> p>ticles compos+ ?is dew c\ld sc>cely be p]ceiv$ by ! nak$ eye2 n[ ! quantity ( wat]1 accord+ to hypo!sis1 %\ld equal no less ?an eight gra9s4 ,!re is no small diff]5ce1 x mu/ be confess$1 betwe5 t quantity & a dew b>ely p]ceptible1 & :i* may reasonably be ref]r$ to a m9ute quantity ( vap\r 9 ! gases1 or to a little moi/ure d]iv$ f ! m]cury1 a small quantity ( :i* ent]$ ! retort ) ! gases4 ,dr4 ,hope wi%$ to asc]ta9 h[ mu* wat] w\ld produce su* a dew z 0 obs]v$4 ,= ?is purpose he heat$ 9 a retort1 ( a simil> size to t us$ 9 ! exp]im5t1 a s+le drop ( wat]1 :i* x may be said weighs ab\t a gra94 ,! appe>ance ( cond5s$ wat]1 9 ?is in/ance1 9 ! neck ( ! retort1 0 mu* great] ?an 9 ! prec$+3 he consid]$ x z be+ ?ree or f\r times z great4#id #id ,sir ,humphry ,davy1 dur+ "s exp]im5ts on ! diamond1 subsequ5tly asc]ta9$ t less ?an #ajj? ( a gra9 ( wat] is suffici5t to produce a s5sible dew on a poli%$ surface4 ,f ^! results x may be conclud$1 on ,dr4 ,murray's own gr\nd ( reason+1 t wat] is n a con/itu5t "p ( muriatic acid gas1 & t ?is sub/ance is a comp\nd m]ely ( *lor9e & hydrog52 = x is easy to acc\nt = ! pres5ce ( ab\t "o-?ird ( a gra9 ( wat] f v>i\s s\rces1 :ile x is impossible to acc\nt = ! abs5ce ( eight gra9s ^u any !ory except t :i* supposes ! gas to be anhydr\s4 ,i %all n pursue ! num]\s o!r exp]im5ts by :i* x 0 attempt$ to prove ! fallacy ( ,davy's views2 !y all turn ^u ! same po9t1 & 7 refut$ by ! same vigor\s me?ods ( enquiry4 ,! *loridic !ory may !re=e n[ be consid]$ z fully e/abli%$3 ! philosoph]s :o 7 = s long a p]iod ho/ile to its reception1 h at l5g? yield$ _! ass5t2 & ,b]zelius1 9 a pap] publi%$ 9 ! ,annales de ,*imie1 on ! subject ( sulpho-cyanic acid1 has unconditionally t5d]$ 8 allegiance2 :ile ! subsequ5t discov]y ( iod9e & brom9e has confirm$1 by ! mo/ beautiful analogies1 ! views s satisfactorily expla9$ by exp]im5t4 ,z to ! claim ( priority :i* has be5 urg$ by sev]al philosoph]s 9 fav\r ( ! ,fr5* *emi/s1 ,davy1 9 speak+ ( ,gay ,lussac's pap]1 publi%$ 9 ! ,annales de ,*imie = ,july #ahad1 obs]ves1 t ! hi/orical notes atta*$ to x are ( a nature n to be pass$ ov] )\t animadv]sion4 ,m4 ,gay ,lussac /ates1 t he & ,m4 ,?n>d 7 ! fir/ to advance ! hypo!sis t *lor9e 0 a simple body2 & he quotes ,m4 ,ampre z hav+ ent]ta9$ t op9ion be=e me4 ,on ! subject ( ! orig9ality ( ! idea ( *lor9e be+ a simple body1 ,i h always v9dicat$ ! claims ( ,s*eele2 b ,i mu/ assume = myself ! lab\r ( hav+ demon/rat$ its prop]ties & comb9ations1 & ( hav+ expla9$ ! *emical ph5om5a x produces2 & ,i am 9 possession ( a lett] f ,m4 ,ampre1 t %[s he has no claims ( ?is k9d to make4#ie #ie ,royal ,in/itution ,j\rnal1 vol4 i4 p4 #bhc4 ,! "q ( priority appe>s to me to be readily settl$ by a ref]5ce to pr9t$ docum5ts4 ,davy publi%$ 8 ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy 9 #ahab1 conta9+ a sy/ematic acc\nt ( 8 new doctr9es conc]n+ ! comb9ations ( simple bodies4 ,*lor9e is !re plac$ 9 ! same rank ) oxyg51 & f9ally remov$ f ! class ( acids4 ,9 #ahac1 ,m4 ,?n>d publi%$ ! fir/ volume ( 8 ,trait de ,*imie ,elm5taire ,?orique et ,pratique1 9 :i* he /ates ! composition ( oxymuriatic acid z foll[s3--,composition4 ,! oxyg5at$ muriatic gas conta9s ! half ( its volume ( oxyg5 gas1 n includ+ t :i* we may suppose 9 muriatic acid4 ,x 0 n until ! ye> #ahaf1 t1 by a note 9 8 f\r? volume1 he appe>s to h at all relax$ 9 8 atta*m5t to ! old !ory ( ,lavoisi] & ,b]?ollet2 & x w pres5tly appe>1 t at ! p]iod above m5tion$1 iod9e _h be5 discov]$1 & its analogies to *lor9e fully e/abli%$1 by ! sagacity ( ,davy4 ,hav+1 z ,i tru/1 (f]$ an imp>tial view ( 8 claims to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! *loridic !ory1 ,i %all resume my n>rative ( ^? ev5ts :i* m imm$iately connect !mselves ) 8 p]sonal hi/ory at ?is p]iod4 ,! great fame ( ,davy1 & ! high importance ( ! discov]ies :i* _h be/[$ x1 became a g5]al !me ( admiration ?r\gh\t ! sci5tific circles ( ,europe1 & induc$ ! memb]s ( ! ,dubl9 ,society to invite him to t city1 = ! purpose ( deliv]+ a c\rse ( lectures4 ,f ! au!ntic docum5ts :i* h be5 plac$ 9 my h&s1 ,i am enabl$ to give a p>ticul> acc\nt ( ?is transaction4 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,dubl9 ,society held on ! #crd ( ,may #ahaj1 ! foll[+ ,resolutions 7 propos$ & unanim\sly c>ri$1 viz4 #a4 ,t x is ! wi% ( ! ,society to communicate to ! ,iri% public1 9 ! mo/ ext5d$ mann] consi/5t ) ! o!r engagem5ts ( ! ,society1 ! k ( a ,sci5ce s intimately connect$ ) ! improvem5t ( ,agriculture & ! ,arts1 :i* x is _! great object to promote2 & t1 ) ?is view1 x appe>s to !m extremely desirable to obta9 ! fulle/ in=mation respect+ ! rec5t discov]ies made by ,mr4 ,davy1 9 ,electro-*emical sci5ce4 #b4 ,resolv$1 ,t application be made to ! ,royal ,society1 reque/+ t !y w be pleas$ to disp5se ) ! engagem5ts ( ,mr4 ,davy1 s f> z to all[ ! ,dubl9 ,society to solicit ! fav\r ( 8 deliv]+ a c\rse ( ,electro-*emical ,lectures 9 _! new ,laboratory1 z soon z may be conv5i5t aft] _! pres5t c\rse ( *emical lectures %all h be5 complet$ by _! ,pr(essor ,mr4 ,higg9s4 #c4 ,t ! sum ( f\r hundr$ gu9eas be appropriat$ out ( ! funds ( ! ,society1 to be pres5t$ to ,mr4 ,davy1 z a remun]ation = ! tr\ble & exp5se :i* !y propose he %\ld incur1 & z a m>k ( ! importance !y atta* to ! communication :i* !y solicit4 ,mr4 ,leslie ,fo/] hav+ /at$ to ! ,dubl9 ,society t ! ,f>m+ ,society ( ,irel& 7 desir\s ( avail+ !mselves ( ?is opportunity to apply to ,mr4 ,davy to repeat be=e !m ! six lectures on ! application ( *emi/ry to agriculture1 :i* he deliv]$ ?is ye> 7#ahaj7 to ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture 9 ,engl&1 & t !y reque/$ ! ,dubl9 ,society w\ld accommodate !m ) ! use ( _! ,laboratory = t purpose1 all ! memb]s ( ! ,dubl9 ,society hav+ free admission to su* lectures-- ,! foll[+ ,resolutions 7 pass$ by ! ,dubl9 ,society3-- ,t 9 ! ev5t ( ,mr4 ,davy com+ ov] to ,irel&1 & cons5t+ to deliv] ! ,c\rse ref]r$ to1 ! ,f>m+ ,society %all be accommodat$ ) ! use ( ! ,laboratory1 accord+ to _! reque/4 ,t x be ref]r$ to ! ,committee ( ,economy to consid] on :at t]ms1 & "u :at regulations1 x may be exp$i5t to issue tickets ( admission to ! ,electro-*emical ,c\rse1 s z to reimburse to ! ,society ! exp5ses att5dant on ! arrangem5t2 & t1 9 ord] to give ! fulle/ effect to su* regulations1 ! memb]s ( ! ,society r5\nce any claim to gratuit\s admission to ?is c\rse4 ,a lett] hav+ be5 address$ to ,mr4 ,davy by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,society1 invit+ him to ,dubl91 = ! purpose ( deliv]+ c\rses ( lectures1 9 con=mity ) ! =ego+ resolutions1 ! foll[+ answ] 0 receiv$ f him3-- ,,to ,,john ,,leslie ,,fo/]1 ,,esq4 ,m4 ,p4 ,,secret>y ,,to ,,! ,,dubl9 ,,society4 ,may #cj1 #ahaj4 ,,sir1 ,i _h ! hon\r ( communicat+ y\r lett] to ! ,presid5t & ,c\ncil ( ! ,royal ,society1 :o h desir$ me to express to y1 ,sir1 & ?r\gh y1 to ! ,dubl9 ,society1 ! lively int]e/ !y feel 9 ! prosp]ity ( t useful public body1 & ! desire t !y h to promote its important object4 ,on ^! gr\nds1 !y h be5 pleas$ to p]mit me to be abs5t f ! meet+s ( ! ,royal ,society1 dur+ ! p]iod t may be necess>y = deliv]+ a ,c\rse ( ,lectures at ! ,laboratory ( ! ,dubl9 ,society1 9 ! mon? ( ,novemb] next4 ,be pleas$ to express to ! ,dubl9 ,society my grateful ackn[l$gm5ts = ! hon\r !y h done me 9 mak+ su* a proposition2 & assure !m t ,i %all use my be/ ex]tions to promote _! views = ! ext5sion ( ,*emical ,sci5ce1 & e o!r species ( useful k4 ,i beg to be p]mitt$ to ?ank y1 ,sir1 = ! flatt]+ mann] 9 :i* y _h ! goodness to convey to me _! proposal4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ) great respect1 ,y\r oblig$ & ob$i5t s]vant1 ,h4 ,,davy1 ,,sec4 ,r4 ,s4 ,on ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,c\rse1 on ! #h? ( ,novemb] #ahaj1 ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-"o admission tickets _h be5 issu$2 & ! ,committee ( ,*emi/ry hav+ express$ _! op9ion to ! ,society1 t ! lecture-room w\ld n af=d accommodation = a great] numb] ( p]sons1 ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y 0 direct$ to limit 8 tickets to t numb]4 ,on ! #ae? in/ant1 h[ev]1 ! numb] 0 increas$ to f\r hundr$1 )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,at ! close ( ! ,c\rse1 on ! #bi? ( ,novemb]1 ! ,dubl9 ,society pass$ ! foll[+ ,resolutions3-- ,resolv$1 ,t ! ?anks ( ! ,society be communicat$ to ,mr4 ,davy = ! excell5t ,c\rse ( ,lectures :i*1 at _! reque/1 has be5 deliv]$ by him 9 _! ,laboratory2 & to assure him t ! views :i* l$ ! ,society to seek = ^! communications1 h be5 answ]$ ev5 beyond _! hopes2--t ! mann] 9 :i* he has unfold$ 8 discov]ies has n m]ely imp>t$ new & valuable in=mation1 b fur!r appe>s to h giv5 a direction ( ! public m9d t[>ds ,*emical & ,philosophical enquiries1 :i* _c fail 9 its consequ5ces to produce ! improvem5t ( ! ,sci5ces1 ,arts1 & ,manufactures 9 ,irel&4 ,t ! ?anks ( ! ,society be communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society = _! ready compliance ) our reque/1 9 disp5s+ ) ! engagem5ts ( ,mr4 ,davy1 dur+ ! la/ six weeks4 ,t ,mr4 ,davy be reque/$ to accept ! sum ( five hundr$ gu9eas f ! ,society4#if #if ,!re 7 f\r hundr$ tickets issu$ = ! ,c\rse1 sixty ( :i* 7 honor>y2 ! produce ( ! rema9d] am\nt$ to #fgbl4 #es4 #c;d4 ,davy receiv$ #ebel42 & ! surplus w5t to (fic]s & s]vants1 & = ! dis*>ge ( incid5tal exp5ses4 ,! foll[+ lett] appe>s1 f ! date1 to h be5 writt5 ab\t a week be=e 8 arrival 9 ,dubl94 ,,to ,,?omas ,,poole1 ,,esq4 ,octob] #ab1 #ahaj4 ,,my ,,de> ,,poole1 ,^u e occasion y\r recomm5dation1 or op9ion1 w\ld h great weight ) me4 ,among/ ! c&idates = ! (fice ( ,cl]k to ! ,royal ,society1 !re is "o ,mr4 ,w----1 t ,i am well acqua9t$ )1 & :o 0 =m]ly atta*$ to ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,he appe>s to me1 z well f 8 sci5tific "*1 z f 8 habits & pursuits1 to be admirably fitt$ = ! situation4 ,i advis$ him ne>ly two mon?s ago1 9 consequ5ce ( a conv]sation ) ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 to (f] himself = ! situation4 ,i _c !re=e int]e/ myself = any o!r p]son :o does n possess sup]ior qualifications4 ,sir ,joseph's maxim1 :i* ,i hope w be adopt$ by all ! memb]s1 is--let x be giv5 to ! mo/ wor?y4 ,i h no d\bt t ,mr4---- w\ld fill ! situation ) cr$it1 & t he is a v wor?y man2 b1 f all t ,i c le>n1 8 claims are mu* inf]ior to ^? ( ,w----4 ,we want n m]ely a civil1 g5tlemanlike1 hone/ man1 b a man a little accu/om$ to calculation1 to a/ronomical obs]vation1 & to exp]im5t4 ,i am 9 a delightful c\ntry "h--! ,valley ( ! ,tyne--enjoy+ a few days' leisure aft] a r h>d *emical campaign1 & prep>+ heal? & spirits = ano!r 9 ,irel&1 :]e ,i am go+ next week4 ,i hope to be 9 ,london by ! fir/ week 9 ,decemb]4 ,i int5d next summ] to g into ,cornwall--,god will+2 & ,i w n g ?r\gh )\t see+ y1 & tell+ y t1 "u all circum/ances1 ,i %all always ?9k ( y ) ! w>me/ e/eem1 & %all always be ,y\r s9c]e fri5d1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 ,davy 0 aga9 solicit$ by ! ,dubl9 ,society to deliv] lectures 9 _! laboratory2 & at a meet+ ( ! memb]s on ! #ac? ( ,june #ahaa1 a s]ies ( resolutions 7 pass$1 by :i* he 0 emp[]$ to procure copies ( _m ( ! geological sket*es ref]r$ to 9 a c\rse ( lectures he _h deliv]$ on ,geology at ! ,royal ,in/itution2 & also to sup]9t5d ! con/ruction ( a l>ge ,voltaic batt]y1 = ! illu/ration ( ! propos$ lectures4 ,9 compliance ) ?is reque/1 ,davy deliv]$ two di/9ct c\rses2 "o on ! ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy1 ! o!r on ,geology1 = :i* he receiv$ ! unanim\s ?anks ( ! ,society1 & z a m sub/antial te/imony ( _! gratitude1 ! sum#ig ( sev5 hundr$ & fifty p\nds2 ! receipt ( :i* ,davy ackn[l$g$ by ! foll[+ lett]4 #ig ,^! ,c\rses 7 m num]\sly att5d$ ?an ^? 9 #ahaj1 !re hav+ be5 issu$ ab\t five hundr$ & tw5ty-five tickets2 ! proce$s ( :i* 7 #aajal4 #bs4 ,,to ,b4 ,,mac ,,c>?y1 ,,esq4 ,,assi/ant ,,secret>y ,,to ,,! ,,dubl9 ,,society4 ,dubl91 ,decemb] #i1 #ahaa4 ,,sir1 ,i h receiv$ y\r lett]1 inclos+ a draught = sev5 hundr$ & fifty p\nds ,iri%4 ,i am v mu* gratifi$ by ! ?anks ( ! ,dubl9 ,society1 = ! c\rses ( lectures :i* ,i _h ! hon\r ( deliv]+ 9 _! laboratory2 & ,i am pr\d ( _! op9ion1 t !y w be useful to ! ,iri% public4 ,! att5tion1 c&\r1 & indulg5ce ) :i* !y 7 receiv$ by ! audi5ce1 ,i %all rememb] ) ! w>me/ feel+s ( gratitude z long z ,i live4 ,i h ! hon\r to be1 ,sir1 ) mu* e/eem1 y\r oblig$ & ob$i5t s]vant1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,be=e he quitt$ ,dubl91 ! ,provo/ & ,fell[s ( ,tr9ity ,college conf]r$ ^u him ! honor>y degree ( ,,ll4,d41 z an expression ( ! high admiration :i* 8 em95t sci5tific m]its _h s univ]sally comm&$4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 9 ! same ye>1 8 op9ion 0 reque/$ by a committee1 z to ! be/ me?od to be adopt$ = v5tilat+ ! ,h\se ( ,lords2 to :i* circum/ance he alludes 9 ! foll[+ note to 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,pepys4 ,augu/ #aj1 #ahaa4 ,,my ,,de> ,,pepys1 ,i f9d t ,i am engag$ on ,w$nesday1 to meet ,"l ,liv]pool1 at ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 to consid] a mode ( v5tilat+ x4 ,?is bus9ess1 mo/ unluckily1 w prev5t my accompany+ y2 b ,i %all be glad to g ) y on "s o!r day1 & to t\* up ! tr\t at ,*eynies1 & aft]w>ds to proce$ to ,s]ge ,hill4 ,v affectionately y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,?is und]tak+1 x mu/ be all[$1 0 on ,davy's "p a mo/ complete failure3 :e!r he _h miscalculat$ ! diamet] & numb] ( ! ap]tures necess>y = e/abli%+ a curr5t1 x is difficult to say1 b x 0 obvi\s t ! /ream ( fre% air ?us introduc$ 0 by no means adequate to ! dem& = x4#ih #ih ,9 ,febru>y #ahab1 he exhibit$ a model1 9 "o ( 8 lectures at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 9 illu/ration ( 8 plan2 f :i* x appe>$ t ! air det]iorat$ by respiration 0 conduct$ ?r\gh ?ree copp] pipes1 t]m9at+ 9 a s+le tube1 to ! ro( ( ! build+2 & by means ( v5tilators bel[1 !re 0 a con/ant supply ( fre% air1 ! circulation ( :i* 0 promot$ by a furnace4 ,! failure1 s vexati\s to ,davy1 became to o!rs a f]tile s\rce ( pleasantry1 & num]\s epigrams1 n exactly ( a "* to meet ! public eye1 7 v g5]ally circulat$1 & :i*1 9 record+ ! misc>riage ( sci5ce1 display$ ! triumph ( wit4 ,! sci5tific r5[n ( ,davy hav+ attract$ ! att5tion ( 8 late ,maje/y1 at t "t ,pr9ce ,reg5t1 he receiv$ f 8 ,royal ,highness ! hon\r ( ,knigh?ood1 at a levee held at ,c>lton ,h\se1 on ,w$nesday1 ! #h? ( ,april #ahab2 & x may be rem>k$1 t he 0 ! fir/ p]son on :om t hon\r _h be5 conf]r$ by ! ,reg5t4 ,on ! day foll[+ ?is occurr5ce1 ,sir ,humphry deliv]$ 8 f>ewell lecture be=e ! memb]s ( ! ,royal ,in/itution2 = he 0 on ! eve ( assum+ a new /ation 9 society1 :i* induc$ him to retire f ^? public situations :i* he _h long held ) s mu* advantage to ! _w1 & ) s mu* hon\r to himself4 ,h[ f> su* a measure 0 calculat$ to increase 8 happ9ess ,i %all n enquire2 b ,i am b\nd to obs]ve1 t x 0 n connect$ ) any desire to ab&on ! pursuit ( sci5ce1 nor ev5 to relax 9 8 accu/om$ ex]tions to promote its int]e/s4 ,x 0 evid5t1 h[ev]1 to 8 fri5ds1 t o!r views ( ambition ?an ^? pres5t$ by a*ievem5ts 9 sci5ce1 _h op5$ ^u 8 m9d3 ! weal? he 0 ab\t to comm& might ext5d ! sph]e ( 8 usefulness1 & exalt him 9 ! scale ( society3 8 feel+s became m ari/ocratic1 he discov]$ *>ms 9 rank :i* _h be=e escap$ him1 & he no long] view$ ,patrician di/9ction ) philosophic indiff]5ce4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,april #ahab1 ,sir ,humphry m>ri$ ,mrs4 ,apreece1 ! wid[ ( ,%uckburgh ,a%by ,apreece1 ,esq4 elde/ son ( ,sir ,?omas ,apreece3 ?is lady 0 ! daught] & heiress ( ,*>les ,k]r1 ( ,kelso1 ,esq4 & possess$ a v consid]able =tune4 ,imm$iately aft] ! celebration ( ! m>riage1 ,sir ,humphry & 8 bride proce$$ to ! hospitable mansion ( ,sir ,john ,sebright1 & aft]w>ds made a t\r ?r\gh ,scotl&1 receiv+ :]ev] !y w5t ! mo/ flatt]+ m>ks ( att5tion4 ,dur+ _! excursion1 ,davy wrote v>i\s lett]s to 8 sci5tific fri5ds1 sev]al ( :i* ,i %all introduce2 b1 9 ord] t ^? to ,mr4 ,*ildr5 may be und]/ood1 x w be necess>y t ! read] %\ld be made acqua9t$ ) a transaction :i* occurr$ 9 ! ye> #ahaa4 ,9 consequ5ce ( "s conv]sation on gunp[d]1 dur+ :i* ,davy obs]v$ t its composition might be greatly improv$ by r5d]+ x less hygrometric1 a proposition 0 />t$1 t he %\ld jo9 ,mr4 ,*ildr5 & ,mr4 ,burton 9 e/abli%+ a manufactory = its prep>ation ^u *emical pr9ciples4 ,:e!r ,davy consid]$ himself1 9 ! /rict comm]cial s5se1 a p>tn]1 or m]ely a *emical advis]1 x is p]haps n easy to det]m9e2 b x is q cle> t bo? ,mr4 ,*ildr5 & ,mr4 ,burton consid]$ him 9 ! =m] light1 al?\gh x is an act ( ju/ice to ^? g5tlem5 to /ate1 t ! v mom5t ,davy express$ 8 dis9cl9ation to su* an arrangem5t1 !y imm$iately1 )\t ! slighte/ hesitation1 releas$ him f all responsibility4 ,?is ,i am enabl$ to ass]t1 aft] a mo/ c>eful inve/igation ( all ! correspond5ce t pass$ ^u ! occasion4 ,,to ,,john ,,george ,,*ildr51 ,,esq4 ,h>ewood ,h\se1 ,july #ad1 #ahab4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d1 ,i am v sorry t ,i miss$ y ! day be=e ,i set out on my j\rney4 ,y w h le>nt f y\r solicitor t ,i sign$ ! articles4 ,i /ill ?9k ,i %all return be=e any p[d] w be made1 at lea/ if y d n make x till ,decemb]1 = our pres5t int5tion is to be 9 t[n e>ly 9 t mon?4 ,i s5t to y an imp]fect copy ( my book1#ii 9 :i* !re 7 no engrav+s1 & 9 :i* "o cancel 0 n ins]t$1 ?9k+ t y w\ld pref] a copy s5t 9 t way3 ! cancell$ leaf1 :i* y h n1 conta9s a correction = ! quantity ( nitr\s acid gas & wat] to =m ! cry/all9e comp\nd1 :i* is ! base ( oil ( vitriol4 ,?ree p>ts nitr\s acid gas cond5se f\r p>ts sulphur\s gas4 ,i h my little app>atus1 :i* w enable me to pursue my exp]im5ts on gunp[d]4 ,!re is "o conclusion v obvi\s result+ f ! new facts1--a p]fect gunp[d] ought to conta9 no m *>coal ?an is necess>y to conv]t ! oxyg5 ( ! nitre into c>bonic acid4 ,sulphur =ms f nitre j z mu* ela/ic fluid z *>coal1 i4 e4 if simil> quantities ( nitre be entirely decompos$1 "o by *>coal1 & "o by sulphur1 & if ! sulphur\s gas & ! c>bonic acid gas be comp>$1 _! volumes w be equal4 ,! advantage ( =m+ c>bonic acid gas is1 t x is m readily dis5gag$ f ! alkali4 ,n[ x is a "q1 :e!r sulphur w decompose sulphate ( pota%1--x w decompose ! c>bonate2 ( ?is we are sure4 ,!re ought1 !n1 to be j z mu* sulphur z w =m sulphuret ( pota% ) ! pota%3 #aia ( nitre1 #bhe ( *>coal1 & #cj ( sulphur1 are ! true proportions = =m+ no?+ b sulphuret ( pota% & ela/ic matt]4 ,pray s5d me "s c>ds to circulate2 address to me1 ,po/ ,(fice1 ,ed9burgh4 ,i hope y got ,cav5di%'s balance4 ,i h be5 "h = two days3--x is a v magnific5t place3 good fi%+ = pike1 tr\t1 & grayl+4 ,lady ,d4 desires h] k9d remembrances4 ,i am1 my de> fri5d1 ,mo/ affectionately y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 #ii ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy1 to be pres5tly notic$4 ,,to ,,! ,,same4 ,dunrob9 ,ca/le1 ne> ,golspie1 ,augu/ #ba4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d1 ,i hope y are mak+ progress 9 our manufactory4 ,i %all expect1 on my return1 to f9d y\r p[d] ! be/ & /ronge/1 & to make trial ( x4 ,i wi% ,i _h "s ( x "h1 ! black-cock & gr\se w\ld feel its efficacy4 ,i h be5 expect+ a lett] f y e day4 ,?is h\se is s delightful1 ! sc5]y s gr&1 & ! field-sports s p]fect1 t ,i ?9k we %all n quit x = a =tnight4 ,i w5t to ,inv]ness & fi%$ = salmon4 ,i also w5t to two or ?ree o!r places1 b n "o did ,i cat* till ,i arriv$ "h4 ,! fir/ day ,i l&$ sev5 noble ones1 & play$ ?ree m 9 f\r or five h\rs4 ,! next day ,i play$ eight & l&$ ?ree1 besides :ite tr\t 9 abundance4 ,i h %ot only "o day1 = a few h\rs2 b we f\nd gr\se at e fifty y>ds1 & ,i %ot sev54 ,we are j go+ to try sea-fi%+4 ,pray write to me a little news ( :at is do+ = sci5ce & ! _w4 ,i beg y w rememb] me mo/ k9dly to y\r fa!r & to ,dr4 ,bab+ton1 & ,br&e1 :5 y see !m4 ,i am1 my de> fri5d1 ,mo/ affectionately y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,,to ,,william ,,clayfield1 ,,esq4 ,dunrob91 ne> ,golspie1 ,augu/ #bh1 #ahab4 ,,de> ,,clayfield1 ,i am mu* oblig$ to y = two v k9d lett]s1 & = a box conta9+ specim5s f ,/4 ,v9c5t4#ajj ,i beg y w ?ank ! g5tleman :o 0 s good z to cause !m to be collect$ = me4 ,! box foll[$ me to ,inv]ness4 ,! a%es1 ,i ?9k1 are likely to f]tilize ,b>badoes4 ,!re is a p>allel case ( mat]ials hav+ be5 c>ri$ s f> 9 ! eruption 9 ,icel& 9 #aghc4 ,i h be5 ) my wife mak+ a t\r ?r\gh ! ,nor? s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,we h arriv$ at our extreme po9t1 & %all sl[ly proce$ ,s\? 9 ab\t a =tnight4 ,i wi% y c\ld be ( our p>ty "h2 we are 9 a delightful h\se1 t ( ,"l ,/af=d1 9 a c\ntry ab\nd+ ) fi% & game4 ,i h caught ab\t ?irty salmon s9ce ,i h be5 "h1 & kill$ gr\se1 wild ducks1 teal1 c4 ,i h n yet %ot a /ag1 b ,i hope to d s ?is next week4 ,i h j publi%$ a volume ( ! ,elem5ts ( ,*emi/ry1 & ,i hope to publi% ano!r 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,spr+4 ,hav+ giv5 up lectur+1 ,i %all be able to devote my :ole "t to ! pursuit ( discov]y4 ,i h n s5t y a copy ( my book1 = ,i h ?\ght t ! be/ mode ( avoid+ giv+ (f5ce to "s1 0 by n mak+ pres5ts at all4 ,_h ,i n s det]m9$1 "o ( ! fir/ copies w\ld h be5 s5t to y1 z a m>k ( ! w>m e/eem & reg>d ( ,y\r affectionate fri5d1 ,h4 ,,davy4 #ajj ,specim5s ( sub/ances eject$ f ! crat] 9 t isl&1 :i* ,mr4 ,clayfield =w>d$ to ,davy1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ he>d t he _h be5 engag$ 9 exam9+ ! s& collect$ at ,b>badoes1 & :i* 0 a product ( ! same eruption4 ,,to ,,samuel ,,purkis1 ,,esq4 ,dunrob9 ,ca/le1 ,aug4 #bi1 #ahab4 ,,my ,,de> ,,purkis1 ,y may probably be surpris$ to receive a lett] f me f ?is remote corn] ( ! ,nor?2 b ,i owe y a lett]1 & ,i h a great incl9ation1 :]ev] ,i may be1 to dis*>ge all debts1 & p>ticul>ly ^? r5d]$ due by k9dness4 ,receive my w>m ackn[l$gm5ts = y\r k9d congratulations on my becom+ a ,b5$ick4 ,i c n[ speak f exp]i5ce1 9 :i* y h long p>ticipat$4 ,i am conv9c$ t ! natural /ate ( dome/ic society is ! be/ fitt$ = man1 :e!r he be devot$ to philosophy1 or to active life4 ,i %all h mu* pleasure 9 pres5t+ my wife to y & to ,mrs4 ,purkis1 on my return4 ,we h _h a delightful t\r ?r\gh ! ,highl&s4 ,we are at ! extreme po9t ( our j\rney4 ,! pleasures ( a ref9$ society--t ( ,"l & ,lady ,/af=d's family--h induc$ u to make a long pause "h4 ,we ?9k we %all be 9 ,london ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb]4 ,i h sp5t "s days su* z we pass$ toge!r 9 ,wales4 ,we h _h all ! v>ieties ( riv]1 m\nta91 & wood sc5]y4 ,! ,lakes ( ,scotl& are inf9itely f9] ?an ^? ( ,wales2 b ! gl5s ( ! ,pr9cipality may fairly /& 9 competition ) ^? ( ! ,highl&s4 ,i hope ,i %all f9d y & y\r family 9 good heal?1 & t y w h sp5t a v pleasant summ]4 ,i am1 my de> ,purkis1 ,v s9c]ely & affectionately y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,,to ,,john ,,george ,,*ildr51 ,,esq4 ,dunkeld1 ,sept4 #bg1 #ahab4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d1 ,i h receiv$ y\r two k9d lett]s4 ,i hope y\r quiet life1 & reasonable m$ical discipl9e1 w entirely re/ore y\r heal?4 ,we are n[ on our return1 & probably %all arrive 9 ,london be=e ! middle ( ,novemb]3 our "t1 h[ev]1 is unc]ta91 z ! ,election may ha/51 or keep u back = want ( horses4 ,i c d no?+ respect+ ! lic5ce till my return2 ,i w !n see ,mr4 ,:>ton1 or ,mr4 ,vansitt>t4 ,i h ano!r subject ( conv]sation 9 :i* !y are int]e/$1 & ,i c easily introduce t ( gunp[d]4 ,i h be5 tol]ably successful z a %ot lately4 ,i h n fi%$4 ,my la/ adv5ture 0 at ! ,spey1 ne> ,gordon ,ca/le1 :]e ,i kill$ "s noble salmon4 ,at ,blair ,a?ol ,i %ot "s pt>migans & a /ag4 ,i am n[ at ,dunkeld1 :i* ,i ?9k ! mo/ beautiful habitable spot 9 ! ,highl&s4 ,! ,tay1 a noble riv]1 rolls ) a maje/ic /ream ?r\gh l(ty woods seat$ ^u cliffs & r\nd$ hills2 & 9 ! backgr\nd are ! ,m\nta9s ( ,b5yglor & ! hills ( ,killycrankie4 ,my wife desires h] k9d remembrances4 ,pray (f] m9e to y\r fa!r & daught]1 & believe me to be always mo/ affectionately y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,,to ,,! ,,same4 ,ed9burgh1 ,octob] #ad4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d1 ,we are on our return3 ,i am well1 b ,i am sorry to say t ,lady ,d4 is v mu* indispos$1 & anxiety = h] ha/5s my j\rney to t[n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h receiv$ a v int]e/+ lett] f ,ampre4 ,he says t a comb9ation ( *lor9e & azote has be5 discov]$ at ,p>is1 :i* is a fluid1 & explodes by ! heat ( ! h&2 ! discov]y ( :i* co/ an eye & a f+] to ! au?or4 ,he gives no details z to ! mode ( comb9+ !m4 ,i h tri$ 9 my little app>atus ) ammonia cool$ v l[1 & *lor9e1 b )\t success4 ,!re is little do+ "h 444 dresses & dances4 ,sir ,james ,hall is writ+ on a sort ( ,deluge4 ,playfair is ! true & amiable ,philosoph]4 ,my bro!r is mak+ exp]im5ts on animal matt]4 ,i hope y\r gunp[d] works are ne>ly f9i%$4 ,i %all be at ! op5+ ball4 ,z soon z ,i return ,i %all give my m9d up to ?is matt]4 ,my wife desires h] k9d remembrances4 ,m9e to y\r wor?y fa!r & ,anna4 ,god bless y1 my de> fri5d1 & believe me ,ev] affectionately y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,on 8 return to t[n1 aft] ?is t\r1 ! foll[+ lett] 0 address$ to 8 fri5d at ,tonbridge3-- ,octob] #bd1 #ahab4 ,,my ,,de> ,,*ildr51 ,i h j se5 ,pepys1 & rejoice t he gives me s good an acc\nt ( y\r heal?4 ,my wife is mu* bett]1 except t %e has a swoll5 foot4 ,i h nev] se5 h] 9 su* good heal? & spirits4 ,%e is resolv$ to lead a home life ( p]fect quiet = six weeks1 & ,i fe> y w n be able to tempt h] to quit h] fire-side1 ?\gh !re is no visit %e w\ld make ) great] pleasure3 b lam5ess does n suit ! c\ntry2 & = "o s en?usia/ically fond ( nature1 x w\ld be vexati\s to be 9 ! c\ntry1 & n to be able to enjoy hills1 & meads1 & woods4 ,b ,i am ready to come to my bus9ess :5ev] y ?9k ,i c be useful4 ,i %all set to "w to make gunp[d] ) z mu* ard\r z ,miles ,pet]--,i hope ) simil> results4 ,i %all n be able to endure a v long sep>ation f my wife1 b = ?ree or f\r days ,i am at y\r comm&4 ,i h be5 work+ ye/]day & to-day on "s new objects2 & we are to h a meet+ on ,w$nesday1 at "o o'clock1 at ! ,in/itution1 to try to make ?is comp\nd ( azote & *lor9e1 & to try "s o!r exp]im5ts4 ,aft]w>ds we 7,angl+ ,*emi/s7 propose a d9n] at ,brunet's4 ,if y c come to t[n on t day1 ,i w promise to return ) y4 ,god bless y1 my de> ,*ildr51 & believe me to be mo/ affectionately y\rs1 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,davy's ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy exam9$4--,8 ,memoir on "s comb9ations ( ,phosphorus & ,sulphur1 c4--,he discov]s ,hydro-phosphoric gas4--,important ,illu/rations ( ! ,!ory ( ,def9ite ,proportionals--,bodies precipitat$ f wat] are ,hydrats4--,8 lett] to ,sir ,joseph ,banks on a new detonat+ comp\nd4--,he is injur$ 9 ! eye by its explosion4--,8 second lett] on ! subject4--,8 pap] on ! ,sub/ances produc$ 9 diff]5t *emical processes on ,fluor ,sp>4--,8 "w on ,agricultural ,*emi/ry4 ,! ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy1 a "w to :i* he has allud$ 9 sev]al ( ! prec$+ lett]s1 0 publi%$ 9 ,june #ahab4 ,x is d$icat$ to ,lady ,davy1 to :om he (f]s x z a pl$ge t he %all cont9ue to pursue ,sci5ce ) unabat$ ard\r4 ,?is "w1 al?\gh only a small "p ( ! great lab\r he propos$ to accompli%1 mu/ be consid]$ z "o ( high importance to ! cause ( sci5ce4 ,x has n p]haps ann\nc$ any discov]ies :i* _h n be5 previ\sly communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society1 b x has br\ght toge!r 8 orig9al results1 & arrang$ !m 9 "o simple & dige/$ plan--x has giv5 coh]5ce to disjo9t$ facts1 & has exhibit$ _! mutual be>+s ^u ea* o!r1 & _! g5]al relations to previ\sly e/abli%$ tru?s4 ,v %ortly aft] ! publication ( ?is fir/ "p1 x 0 ass]t$ by a sci5tific critic t ! "w c\ld nev] be complet$ ^u ! plan on :i* x _h comm5c$1 :i* 0 little less ?an a sy/em ( *emi/ry1 9 :i* all ! facts 7 to be v]ifi$ by ! au?or3 an und]tak+ f> too gigantic = ! mo/ intrepid & labori\s exp]im5tali/ to accompli%4 ,!re 0 too mu* tru? 9 ! rem>k3--! life ( ! ,au?or has clos$--! "w rema9s unf9i%$4 ,al?\gh x be>s ! title ( ,elem5ts1 its plan & execution are r adapt$ = ! adept ?an ! ,tyro 9 sci5ce2 x has1 h[ev]1 enabl$ ! discov]] to exp& sev]al ( 8 op9ions ) a fre$om :i* is n consi/5t ) ! /udi$ compression & elaborate brevity t necess>ily *>act]ise ! /yle ( a ,philosophical ,memoir1--& ?us f> x may h s]v$ ! m humble lab\r]4 ,! fir/ impression :i* ?is volume mu/ produce1 is t ( admiration at ! rapid & triumphant progress ( ,*emi/ry1 dur+ ! p]iod ( a v few ye>s2 :ile a comp>ison ( ?is "w ) o!rs1 ev5 ( v rec5t date1 w %[ h[ mu* we are indebt$ = ?is progress to ! unrivall$ lab\rs ( ,davy4 ,! fir/ "p ( 8 project$ sy/em1 :i* con/itutes ! volume "u review1 ext5ds only to ! g5]al laws ( *emical *anges1 & to ! prim>y comb9ations ( undecomp\nd$ bodies4 ,x is resolv$ into sev5 divisions1 ^u ea* ( :i* ,i propose to (f] "s rem>ks4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,division embraces ! consid]ation ( ! ?ree diff]5t =ms ( matt]1 viz4 ,solidity1 ,liquidity1 & ela/ic ,fluidity2 & t ( ! active p[]s on :i* !y dep5d1 & by :i* !y are *ang$1 su* z ,gravitation1 ,cohesion1 ,calorific repulsion1 or ,heat1 & ,attractions *emical & electrical2--! laws ( :i* he has exp\nd$ 9 a lucid & ma/]ly mann]2 al?\gh x w be only necess>y to quote ! foll[+ passage1 to %[ t ! greate/ philosoph] may occasionally slide into error4 ,9 solids1 ! attractive =ce pr$om9ates ov] ! repulsive2 9 fluids1 & 9 ela/ic fluids1 !y may be reg>d$ z 9 diff]5t /ates ( equilibrium2 & 9 e!real sub/ances1 ! repulsive mu/ be consid]$ z pr$om9at+ ov] & de/roy+ ! attractive =ce4 ,a review] has v ju/ly obs]v$1 t x is difficult to conceive h[ s mu* error & confusion c\ld h be5 collect$1 by su* an au?or1 into s %ort a s5t5ce4 ,x is a solecism to say t two =ces may exi/ 9 diff]5t /ates ( equilibrium2 besides1 x is g5]ally admitt$ t ! repulsive =ce alone exi/s 9 ela/ic fluids1 & t x is only comp5sat$ by ext]nal pressure1 or gravitation4 ,9 treat+ ! subject ( ,heat1 he ma9ta9s ! same op9ion1 ?\gh 9 a mann] some:at m subdu$1 z t :i* he _h =m$ at ! v comm5cem5t ( 8 sci5tific c>e]1#aja--t x is no?+ else ?an motion1 & t ! laws ( ,heat are ! same z ! laws ( ,motion4 #aja ,see ,page #dd4 ,9 tak+ a g5]al view ( ! subject ( ,*emical ,attraction1 !re is a rem>kable cle>ness 9 8 enunciation ( its sev]al propositions1 & a great felicity 9 ! selection ( its illu/rations4 ,he combats ! !ory ( ,b]?ollet1 respect+ ! influ5ce ( mass1 ) s+ul> success1 & confirms ! g5]al law1 t all bodies comb9e *emically1 9 c]ta9 def9ite proportions to be express$ by numb]s2 s t1 if "o numb] be employ$ to d5ote ! smalle/ quantity 9 :i* a body comb9es1 all o!r quantities ( ! same body w be z multiples ( ?is numb]2 & ! smalle/ proportions 9 :i* ! undecomp\nd$ sub/ances ent] into union be+ kn[n1 ! con/itution ( ! comp\nd !y =m may be le>nt2 & ! elem5t :i* unites *emically 9 ! smalle/ quantity be+ express$ by unity1 all ! o!r elem5ts may be repres5t$ by ! relations ( _! quantities to unity4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 !re has exi/$ among/ philosoph]s a want ( agreem5t z to ! unit to :i* ! relative values ( ! o!r numb]s %all be ref]r$4 ,mr4 ,dalton select$ ,hydrog5 z ! unit2 ,davy foll[$ 8 example1 b d\bl$ ! weight ( oxyg52 :ile ,wolla/on1 ,?ompson1 & ,b]zelius1 h propos$ oxyg5 z ! mo/ conv5i5t unit1 s9ce t elem5t ent]s into ! greate/ numb] ( comb9ations4 ,to ,dalton is n[ univ]sally conc$$ ! glory ( hav+ e/abli%$ ! laws ( def9ite proportions2 b 9 unfold+ !m1 he has employ$ expressions :i* involve speculations z to _! physical cause1 & has ?us giv5 to t1 :i* is no?+ m ?an a copi\s collection ( facts1 ! appe>ance ( a ref9$ !ory4 ,x may be p]fectly true1 z ,mr4 ,dalton supposes1 t all bodies are compos$ ( ultimate atoms2 b 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k1 we c nei!r =m any idea ( ! nature ( su* atoms1 nor ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y may be gr\p$ toge!r4 ,we are !re=e indebt$ to ,davy = hav+1 by 8 e>ly & p[]ful example1 taught ! *emi/ h[ to dis5tangle fact f hypo!sis1 & to inve/igate ! doctr9e ( proportionals1 )\t any ref]5ce to ! atomic !ory :i* has be5 propos$ = its explanation4 ,,! ,,second ,,division treats ( ,radiant or ,e!real ,matt]1 & ( its effects 9 produc+ vision1 heat1 & *emical *anges4 ,x conta9s "s ref9$ speculations respect+ ! possible conv]sion ( t]re/rial bodies into light & heat1 & vice v]s4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,division pres5ts u ) an acc\nt ( ,empyreal undecomp\nd$ ,sub/ances1 or ^? :i* support combu/ion2 toge!r ) t ( ! comp\nds :i* !y =m ) ea* o!r4 ,^u ?is occasion1 ,davy has completely rescu$ u f ! trammels ( ! ,anti-phlogi/ic !ory1 & has %[n t1 s f> f ! process ( combu/ion dep5d+ ^u ! position or transf] ( oxyg51 x is a g5]al result ( ! actions ( any sub/ances possess$ ( /rong *emical attractions1 or diff]5t electrical relations1 & t x takes place 9 all cases 9 :i* an int5se & viol5t motion c be conceiv$ to be communicat$ to ! corpuscules ( bodies1 )\t any reg>d to ! peculi> nature ( ! sub/ances engag$4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ! g5]al law is foll[$ by a hi/ory ( ! only two undecomp\nd$ bodies includ$ "u ?is arrangem5t1 viz4 ,oxyg51 & ,*lor9e4#ajb ,9 nam+ a class ( bodies by _! relations to combu/ion1 he di/9ctly /ates t he m]ely int5ds to signify t ! production ( heat & light is m *>act]i/ic ( _! actions1 ?an ( ^? ( any o!r sub/ances2 & t !y are1 at ! same "t1 oppos$ to all o!r undecomp\nd$ sub/ances by _! electrical relations1 be+ always 9 ,voltaic comb9ations attract$ to1 or elicit$ f ! positive surface2 :]eas all o!r kn[n undecomp\nd$ sub/ances are sep>at$ at ! negative surface4 #ajb ,iod9e1 ,fluor9e1 c4 _h n be5 discov]$ at ?is p]iod4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,division comprises ! hi/ory ( ,undecomp\nd$ ,inflammables1 or ,acidif]\s ,sub/ances1 n ,metallic1 & t ( _! b9>y comb9ations ) oxyg5 & *lor9e1 or ) ea* o!r4 ,! bodies consid]$ "u ?is division1 are ! foll[+3--,hydrog51 ,azote1 ,sulphur1 ,phosphorus1 & ,boracium1 or ,boron4 ,"u ! hi/ory ( ,sulphur1 he gives u ! true !ory ( ! process by :i* sulphuric acid is produc$ by ! combu/ion ( t body 9 mixture ) nitre1 & :i* _h nev] be=e be5 expla9$ 9 any *emical "w4 ,,! ,,fif? ,,division conta9s ! ,metals2 _! prim>y comb9ations ) o!r undecomp\nd$ bodies1 & ) ea* o!r4 ,9 ! ord] ( classification adopt$ on ?is occasion1 ! newly discov]$ inflammable metals1 produc+ by combu/ion alkalies1 alkal9e e>?s1 & e>?s1 comm5ce ! s]ies2 next come ^? :i* produce oxides2 & la/ly1 ^? :i* produce acids4 ,?us are we pres5t$ ) a *a9 ( gradations ( resemblance :i* may be trac$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole s]ies ( metallic bodies4 ,,! ,,six? ,,division compreh5ds c]ta9 bodies 7! ,fluoric ,pr9ciple1 & ! ,ammoniacal ,amalgam7 :i* pres5t "s extraord9>y & anomal\s results4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t1 at ! p]iod at :i* ?is "w 0 writt51 ,davy consid]$ ! peculi> acid develop$ f fluor sp>1 by ! action ( sulphuric acid1 z a comp\nd ( an acid unkn[n 9 a sep>ate /ate1 & wat]2 :5ce he propos$ to call x ,hydro-fluoric acid1--a t]m extremely objectionable f its ambiguity1 s9ce x w\ld indicate ei!r hydrog5 or wat] z "o ( its con/itu5ts4 ,at ! conclusion1 h[ev]1 ( ?is *apt]1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ obs]v$ c]ta9 ph5om5a display$ by ?is gas1 :5 9 comb9ation ) silica & boracic acid1 he = a mom5t seems to h caught ! tru?1 b x z quickly elud$ 8 grasp1 & he dismisses ! conjecture :i* x 0 8 good =tune "s ye>s aft]w>ds to v]ify1 viz4 t ! fluoric acid is a comp\nd ( an unkn[n pr9ciple1 analog\s to *lor9e1 ) hydrog5 & wat]1 & t fluor sp> is a comp\nd ( ! same pr9ciple ) calcium1 or ! base ( lime4 ,,! ,,sev5? ,,division (f]s to ! *emical enquir] v>i\s speculations1 z to ! probable nature ( c]ta9 bodies hi!rto undecomp\nd$4 ,he obs]ves1 t we "k no?+ ( ! true elem5ts belong+ to nature2 b z f> z we c reason f ! relations ( ! prop]ties ( matt]1 t hydrog5 is ! sub/ance :i* approa*es ne>e/ to :at ! elem5ts may be suppos$ to be4 ,x has en]getic p[]s ( comb9ation1 its p>ts are highly repulsive ( ea* o!r1 & attractive ( ! p>ticles ( o!r matt]2 x ent]s into comb9ation 9 a quantity v mu* small] ?an any o!r sub/ance1 & 9 ?is respect x is approa*$ by no kn[n body4 ,aft] hydrog51 oxyg5 p]haps p>takes mo/ ( ! elem5t>y "*3 x has a great] en]gy ( attraction1 &1 ) ! exception j /at$1 ent]s into comb9ation 9 ! smalle/ proportion4 ,9 conclusion1 he h9ts at ! possibility ( ! same pond]able matt] 9 diff]5t electrical /ates1 or 9 diff]5t arrangem5ts1 con/itut+ sub/ances *emically diff]5t1 & he ?9ks t !re are p>allel cases 9 ! diff]5t /ates 9 :i* bodies are f\nd connect$ ) _! diff]5t relations to temp]ature3 ?us1 /eam1 ice1 & wat]1 are ! same pond]able matt]2 & c]ta9 quantities ( /eam & ice mix$ toge!r produce ice-cold wat]4 ,t ! =ms ( natural bodies may dep5d ^u diff]5t arrangem5ts ( ! same p>ticles ( matt]1 has be5 a fav\rite hypo!sis1 advanc$ 9 ! e>lie/ era ( physical rese>*1 & (t5 support$ by ! reason+s ( ! able/ philosoph]s4 ,?is sublime *emical speculation1 sanction$ by ! au?ority ( ,hooke1 ,newton1 & ,boscovi*1 mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! ideas advanc$ by ! al*emi/s1 conc]n+ ! conv]tibility ( ! elem5ts into ea* o!r4 ,! possible transmutation ( metals has g5]ally be5 reason$ ^u1 n z a philosophical rese>*1 b z an empirical process4 ,^? :o h ass]t$ ! actual production ( ! preci\s metals1 or _! decomposition1 or :o h def5d$ ! *im]a ( ! philosoph]'s /one1 h be5 ei!r impo/ors1 or m5 delud$ by impo/ors4 ,9 ?is age ( rational enquiry1 x w be useless to decry ! practices ( ! adepts1 or to caution ! public aga9/ conf\nd+ ! hypo!tical views respect+ ! elem5ts f\nd$ ^u di/9ct analogies1 ) ! dreams ( al*emical vision>ies1 mo/ ( :om1 z an au?or ( ! la/ c5tury ju/ly obs]v$1 pr(ess$ an art )\t pr9ciples1 ! beg9n+ ( :i* 0 deceit1 & ! end pov]ty4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,june #ahab1 ,davy pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society a pap] entitl$ ,on "s ,comb9ations ( ,phosphorus & ,sulphur2 & on "s o!r subjects ( ,*emical ,inquiry4 ,by ! rese>*es detail$ 9 ?is ,memoir1 he accompli%$ ?ree important objects3 he e/abli%$ ! exi/5ce ( "s new comp\nds--furni%$ additional evid5ce 9 support ( ! doctr9e ( def9ite proportions--& asc]ta9$ t mo/ ( ! sub/ances obta9$ f aque\s solutions by precipitation1 are comp\nds ( wat]1 or ,hydrats4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he recognis$ ! =mation ( two di/9ct comp\nds ( phosphorus & *lor9e3 "o1 solid1 :ite1 & cry/all9e 9 its appe>ance2 ! o!r1 fluid1 limpid z wat]1 & volatile4 ,! latt] body he f\nd to conta9 j d\ble z mu* *lor9e z ! =m]4 ,on exp]im5t+ ^u ?is latt] body ) wat]1 he obta9$ a cry/alliz$ sub/ance :i* he propos$ to call ,hydro-phosphor\s acid1 s9ce x consi/s ( pure phosphor\s acid & wat]4 ,by decomposition 9 close vessels1 x is resolv$ into phosphoric acid1 & a peculi> gas1 consi/+ ( "o proportional ( phosphorus & f\r ( hydrog51 & = :i* he propos$ ! t]m ,hydro-phosphor\s gas4 ,! read]1 no d\bt1 w be imm$iately /ruck ) ! impropriety ( a nom5clature 9 :i* ! prefix ,hydro is made to express wat] 9 ! =m]1 & hydrog5 9 ! latt] in/ance4 ,9 exam9+ ! results ( ! mutual decomposition ( wat] & ! phosphoric comp\nds ( *lor9e1 ,davy rem>ks1 t x is sc>cely possible to imag9e m p]fect demon/rations ( ! laws ( def9ite comb9ation3 no products are =m$ except ! new comb9ations1 7phosphoric acid f ! solid1 phosphorous acid1 f ! liquid comp\nd1 & 9 bo? muriatic acid27 nei!r oxyg51 hydrog51 *lor9e1 nor phosphorus1 is dis5gag$2 & !re=e ! ratio 9 :i* any two ( !m comb9e be+ kn[n1 ! ratio 9 :i* ! re/ comb9e1 9 ^! cases1 may be det]m9$ by calculation4 ,la/ly1 he asc]ta9$ t mo/ ( ! sub/ances obta9$ by precipitation f aque\s solutions are comp\nds ( wat]3 ?us zircona1 magnesia1 & silica1 :5 precipitat$ & dri$ at #bab1 /ill conta9 def9ite proportions ( wat]2 & _m ( ! sub/ances :i* _h be5 consid]$ z metallic oxides1 he f\nd1 :5 obta9$ f solutions1 to agree 9 ?is respect2 & t _! col\rs & o!r prop]ties are mat]ially influ5c$ by ?is comb9$ wat]4 ,on ! #e? ( ,novemb] #ahab1 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society a lett] address$ by ,davy to ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 on ! subject ( ! detonat+ comp\nd already allud$ to 9 8 communications to ,mr4 ,*ildr54 ,he expresses 8 anxiety to h ! circum/ances made public z spe$ily z possible1 s9ce exp]im5ts ^u ! sub/ance may be connect$ ) v dang]\s results4 ,he _h "s "t be=e receiv$ in=mation f ,p>is ( a comb9ation hav+ be5 effect$ betwe5 *lor9e & azote1 & t x 0 di/+ui%$ by detonat+ prop]ties2 b he 0 :olly ignorant ( ! mode by :i* x _h be5 prep>$1 & he c\ld n obta9 any in=mation ^u ?is po9t f any ( ! ,fr5* j\rnals4 ,s curi\s & important a result c\ld n fail to int]e/ him1 z he _h himself be5 long engag$ 9 exp]im5ts on ! action ( azote & *lor9e1 )\t ga9+ any decid$ pro(s ( _! p[] ( comb9+ ) ea* o!r4 ,x 0 evid5t f ! notice1 t ?is new body c\ld n be =m$ 9 any op]ations 9 :i* heat is conc]n$2 he !re=e attempt$ to comb9e ! elem5ts by pres5t+ !m to ea* o!r artificially cool$1 ! azote be+ 9 a nasc5t /ate4 ,= ?is purpose he introduc$ *lor9e into a solution ( ammonia2 a viol5t action ensu$1 & m9ute films ( a yell[ col\r 7 obs]v$ on ! surface ( ! liquor1 b !y imm$iately resolv$ !mselves into gas4 ,z he 0 ab\t to repeat ! exp]im5t ) "s o!r ammoniacal comp\nds1 ,mr4 ,*ildr5 rem9d$ him ( ! circum/ance :i* he _h previ\sly communicat$ to him 9 a lett]1 t ,mr4 ,james ,burton1 junr1 on expos+ *lor9e to a solution ( nitrate ( ammonia1 _h obs]v$ ! =mation ( a yell[ oil1 b :i* he _h n be5 able to collect4 ,davy avail$ himself ( ! h9t1 & obta9$ ! sub/ance 9 "q3 on exam9+ its prop]ties by ! application ( heat1 ! tube 9 :i* x 0 conta9$ 0 %iv]$ to atoms by its explosion1 & he receiv$ a sev]e w\nd 9 ! transp>5t cornea1 :i* 0 foll[$ by inflammation1 & disabl$ him f pursu+ 8 enquiry4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,july1 h[ev]1 he communicat$ 9 a second lett] to ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 ! cont9uation ( ?is enquiry1 & furni%$ a full & satisfactory hi/ory ( ! body 9 "q4 ,hav+ procur$ x 9 suffici5t quantity1 he attempt$ to effect its analysis by ! action ( m]cury1 b a viol5t detonation occurr$1 & he 0 aga9 w\nd$ 9 ! head & h&s2 =tunately1 h[ev]1 ! injury 0 slight1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 hav+ tak5 ! precaution to def5d 8 face by a plate ( glass atta*$ to a prop] cap4 ,9 a subsequ5t exp]im5t1 by us+ small] quantities1 & rec5tly di/ill$ m]cury1 he succe$$ 9 obta9+ results )\t any viol5ce ( action3 ! m]cury unit$ ) ! *lor9e1 & ! azote 0 dis5gag$2 f :i* he 0 enabl$ to conclude t x 0 compos$ ( f\r volumes ( *lor9e & "o volume ( azote4 ,= ?is new body ,davy sugge/$ ! "n ( ,azotane2 b ,i h already obs]v$1 t 8 nom5clature ( ! comp\nds ( *lor9e has nev] be5 adopt$2 ! detonat+ sub/ance is n[ v prop]ly d5om9at$ ,*loride ( ,nitrog54 ,%ortly aft] ! publication ( ?is pap]1 ,m4 ,b]zelius1 9 a lett] to ,pr(essor ,gilb]t1 ass]t$ t ,azotane is no?+ m ?an dry nitro-muriatic acid1 s9ce x dissolves sl[ly 9 wat]1 & =ms a weak aqua regia4 ,^! few obs]vations1 says he1 %[ cle>ly t ,davy's analysis ( ?is sub/ance is inaccurate1 & t he correct$ 8 results 9 consequ5ce ( !oretical views4 ,?is 0 an imputation ^u ! philosophical "* ( ,davy1 :i* excit$ 9 him no small degree ( indignation4 ,9 reply he says1 ,x is difficult to discov] :at mean+ ,m4 ,b]zelius atta*es to ! t]m dry nitro-muriatic acid2 & x is :olly unnecess>y to refute s unf\nd$ & vague an ass]tion4 ,on ,july #h1 #ahac1 a pap] 0 read by ,davy be=e ! ,royal ,society1 entitl$ ,"s ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations on ! ,sub/ances produc$ 9 diff]5t *emical processes on ,fluor ,sp>4 ,! views :i* he =m]ly ent]ta9$ ) respect to ! fluoric acid h be5 already notic$3#ajc 9 ! pres5t pap] he r5\nces 8 previ\s op9ions1 & e/abli%es1 by exp]im5ts ( ! mo/ satisfactory "*1 t ! base ( fluoric acid is a highly en]getic body n hi!rto obta9$ 9 an insulat$ =m1 & ! prop]ties peculi> to :i* are z yet unkn[n4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 to belong to ! class ( negative electrics1 &1 l oxyg5 & *lor9e1 to h a p[]ful aff9ity = hydrog5 & metallic sub/ances4 ,) hydrog51 x con/itutes ! peculi> & v p[]ful acid long kn[n by ! "n ( fluoric acid1--) boron1 ! fluoboric1 & ) silicium1 ! silicat$-fluoric1 acids4 ,al?\gh ?is !ory _h orig9ally sugge/$ itself to ! m9d ( ,davy1 yet ! *emical _w is unque/ionably indebt$ to ,m4 ,ampre = e/abli%+ x2 & ! ,engli% *emi/ has v ju/ly ackn[l$g$ ! obligation4 ,dur+ ! p]iod t ,i 0 engag$ 9 ^! inve/igations1 says he1 ,i receiv$ two lett]s f ,m4 ,ampre1 ( ,p>is1 conta9+ _m +5i\s & orig9al argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! analogy betwe5 ! muriatic & fluoric comp\nds4 ,m4 ,ampre communicat$ 8 views to me 9 ! mo/ lib]al mann]3 !y 7 =m$ 9 consequ5ce ( my ideas on *lor9e1 & support$ by reason+s drawn f ! exp]im5ts ( ,,mm4 ,gay ,lussac & ,?n>d4 #ajc ,see page #cfd4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ,davy gave 8 la/ public lecture on ! #i? ( ,april #ahab2 he h[ev] aft]w>ds deliv]$ an occasional lecture to ! ,manag]s1 on 8 own discov]ies1 & did n =mally resign 8 pr(essor%ip until ! next ye>4 ,! foll[+ record has be5 extract$ f ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,in/itution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m9utes ( ! ,proce$+s ( a g5]al ,mon?ly ,meet+ ( ! ,memb]s ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 held on ,monday1 ,april #e1 #ahac4 ,e>l ( ,w9*elsea1 ,presid5t1 9 ! ,*air4 ,?is be+ ! meet+ appo9t$ by ,article #b4 *ap4 xix4 ( ! bye-laws1 = putt+ 9 nom9ation f ! *air ! pr(essors = ! ye> ensu+1 ,sir ,humphry ,davy rose1 & begg$ leave to resign 8 situation ( ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry2 b he by no means wi%$ to give up 8 connection ) ! ,royal ,in/itution1 z he %\ld ev] be happy to communicate 8 rese>*es1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to ! ,in/itution1 9 ! mann] he did 9 ! pres5ce ( ! memb]s la/ ,w$nesday1 & to d all 9 8 p[] to promote ! int]e/ & success ( ?is ,in/itution4 ,sir ,h4 ,davy hav+ retir$1 ,e>l ,sp5c] mov$1 ,t ! ?anks ( ?is ,meet+ be return$ to ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 = ! ine/imable s]vices r5d]$ by him to ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,?is motion 0 second$ by ! ,e>l ( ,d>nley1 & on be+ put1 0 c>ri$ unanim\sly4 ,e>l ,sp5c] fur!r mov$1 ,t 9 ord] m /rongly to m>k ! high s5se ent]ta9$ by ?is ,meet+ ( ! m]its ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 he be elect$ ,honor>y ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry2 :i*1 on be+ second$ by ! ,e>l ( ,d>nley1 met ) unanim\s approbation4 ,! ,*airman hav+ decl>$ ! ,pr(essor%ip ( ,*emi/ry vacant1 put 9 nom9ation ,william ,?omas ,br&e1 ,esq4 ,f4,r4,s4 z a c&idate = t (fice1 ) a sal>y ( #bjjl4 p] annum4 ,on ,monday1 ,june #g1 #ahac1 ,william ,?omas ,br&e1 ,esq4 0 unanim\sly elect$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,m>* #ahac1 ,davy publi%$ 8 ,elem5ts ( ,agricultural ,*emi/ry1 be+ ! sub/ance ( a c\rse ( lectures :i* he _h1 = t5 successive seasons1 deliv]$ be=e ! memb]s ( ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 to :om ! "w is inscrib$1 z a m>k ( ! au?or's respect4 ,?is "w1 :i* may be consid]$ z ! only sy/em ( philosophical agriculture ev] publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 has n only contribut$ to ! advancem5t ( sci5ce1 b to t = :i* he has an equal claim ^u our gratitude1--! diffusion ( a ta/e among/ ! high] classes = its cultivation2 = x has be5 wisely rem>k$1 t n he alone is to be e/eem$ a b5efactor to mank9d :o makes an useful discov]y1 b he1 also1 :o c po9t out an innoc5t pleasure4 ,x has be5 already /at$1 t ,davy became e>ly impress$ ) ! importance ( ! subject3--t 9 future life its inve/igation %\ld h be5 to him s f]tile a s\rce ( pleasure1 may be readily imag9$1 :5 x is rememb]$ ) :at passionate delight he contemplat$ ! ev] v>y+ =ms ( creation4 ,i am1 said he1 a lov] ( ,nature1 ) an ungratifi$ imag9ation1 & ,i %all cont9ue to se>* = unta/$ *>ms--= hidd5 beauties4 ,9 unfold+1 !n1 ! secrets ( vegetable life1 he did b remove ! veil f 8 mi/ress4 ,f ! same poetical feel+ sprang 8 love ( angl+3 x 0 a pursuit :i* c>ri$ him into ! wild & beautiful sc5]y ( ,nature1 among/ ! m\nta9 lakes1 & ! cle> & lovely /reams t gu% f elevat$ hills1 or make _! way ?r\gh ! cavities ( calc>e\s /rata4#ajd ,9 ! e>ly spr+1 x l$ him =? ^u ! fre% turf 9 ! v]nal sun%9e1 to sc5t ! od\r ( ! bank p]fum$ by ! violet1 & enamell$ ) ! primrose1 :ile 8 he>t p>ticipat$ 9 ! r5ovat$ gladness ( ,nature4 #ajd ,see 8 ,salmonia1 ,edit4 #b4 p4 #i4 ,i _h hop$ t1 amid/ ! volum9\s correspond5ce ( my late fri5d ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,"y1 "s important lett]s might h be5 f\nd f ,davy on agricultural subjects2 b ! communications :i* took place betwe5 !m 7 g5]ally 9 conv]sation1 & ,i h !re=e only be5 able to procure two lett]s1 :i* ,i %all "h ins]t3 ! fir/ w %[ t1 dur+ 8 t\rs1 8 att5tion 0 alive to ! practices ( husb&ry2 & ! second w prove t he _h once s]i\sly contemplat$ ! lab\r ( writ+ ! agricultural hi/ory ( 8 native c\nty4 ,,to ,,ar?ur ,,"y1 ,,esq4 ,kill>ney1 ,june #ahjf4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,y h be5 ( great & durable s]vice to ,irel&4 ,i h met ) a numb] ( p]sons :o h be5 enlight5$ by y\r lab\rs1 & :o n[ foll[ an enlight5$ sy/em ( ,agriculture4 ,"o v intellig5t g5tleman y w recollect1--,mr4 ,bolton ( ,wat]=d3 he is zeal\sly pursu+ improvem5ts1 & is in/ruct+ 8 neighb\rs by precept & example4 ,i am1 c4 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,! above lett] conta9s also "s obs]vations on a *emical mixture1 b :i* is un9telligible f our be+ ignorant ( ! conv]sation to :i* x ref]s4 ,,to ,,! ,,same4 ,april1 #ahjg4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i call$ ?is morn+ ) ! hope ( see+ y1 & ( ga9+ "s explanation on ! subject ( y\r note4 ,i %all n be able to leave ,london until ! middle ( ,july1 & ,i mu/ return e>ly 9 ,octob]4 ,i d n ?9k !re w\ld be suffici5t "t betwe5 ^! p]iods = accompli%+ ! objects y m5tion2 nor d ,i ?9k myself qualifi$ to write ^u ! agriculture ( a c\nty4 ,i wi%$ likewise to devote ! leisure ( ?is summ] to ! prep>ation ( my lectures on ! ,*emi/ry ( ,agriculture = publication4 ,i h a great deal ( in=mation conc]n+ ! m9]alogy & geology ( ,cornwall1 b none conc]n+ ! f>m+4 ,if ! bus9ess admits ( be+ po/pon$1 ,i might p]haps be able to accompli% x next summ]2 t is1 by devot+ a "p ( ?is summ]1 & ! :ole ( my next3 b ,i w\ld r conf9e myself to my own prov9ce1 ! m9]alogy & geology ( ! c\nty1 & leave ! agriculture to abl] h&s4 ,be pleas$ to receive my ?anks1 & to communicate !m to ! ,presid5t = ! hon\r ( ! proposal4 ,i rema91 c4 ,h4 ,,davy4 ,! majority ( my read]s w probably concur 9 ! wisdom ( ?is decision3 !y w consid] t to h doom$ ,davy to a drudg]y ( ?is nature1 w\ld h be5 wa/+ tal5ts ^u an object :i* might be accompli%$ by small] means4 ,f my acqua9tance1 h[ev]1 ) ,cornwall1 ,i am induc$ to =m a diff]5t op9ion4 ,davy nev] approa*$ ev5 ^? subjects :i* _h already receiv$ f o!rs ! mo/ ?or\gh inve/igation1 )\t extract+ f !m new & important tru?s4 ,:at1 !n1 might n h be5 expect$ f 8 g5ius1 :5 appli$ to a dep>tm5t ^u :i* ! light ( sci5ce _h sc>cely dawn$8 ,x is only 9 a primitive c\ntry l ,cornwall1 t ! natural relations betwe5 ! v>ieties ( soil & ! subjac5t rocks c be /udi$ ) success3 z we advance to alluvial di/ricts1 su* relations become gradually less di/9ct & app>5t1 & are ultimately lo/ 9 ! confus$ complication ( ! soil itself1 & 9 t g5]al obscurity :i* envelopes e object 9 ! ult]ior /ages ( decomposition4 ,we c1 !re=e1 only hope to succe$ 9 su* an inve/igation by a pati5t & labori\s exam9ation ( a primitive c\ntry1 aft] :i* we may be enabl$ to ext5d our enquiries ) great] advantage ?r\gh ^? regions :i* are m completely cov]$ ) soil1 & obscur$ by luxuriant vegetation2 z ! eye1 acqua9t$ ) ! human figure1 on gaz+ ^u a beautiful /atue1 traces ! outl9e ( ! limbs1 & ! swell+ cont\r ( its =m1 ?r\gh ! fl[+ drap]ies :i* inve/ x4 ,! importance ( ! subject1 z well z ! g5]al int]e/ x has excit$1 induce me to (f] an analysis ( 8 ,elem5ts ( ,agricultural ,*emi/ry4 ,! "w is divid$ into eight lectures2 & 9 8 introductory *apt]1 aft] adv]t+ to ! difficulties :i* ! enquiry pres5ts to ! lectur]1 he (f]s a g5]al view ( ! objects ( ! c\rse1 & ( ! ord] 9 :i* he proposes to discuss !m4 ,agricultural ,*emi/ry has n yet receiv$ a regul> & sy/ematic =m4 ,x has be5 pursu$ by compet5t exp]im5t]s = a %ort "t only2 ! doctr9es h n z yet be5 collect$ into an elem5t>y treatise2 & on an occasion :5 ,i am oblig$ to tru/ s mu* to my own arrangem5ts1 & to my own limit$ in=mation1 ,i _c b feel diffid5t z to ! int]e/ t may be excit$1 & d\btful ( ! success ( ! und]tak+4 ,i "k1 h[ev]1 t y\r c&\r w induce y n to expect any ?+ l a f9i%$ "w ^u a sci5ce z yet 9 its infancy2 & ,i am sure y w receive ) indulg5ce ! fir/ attempt made to illu/rate x1 9 a di/9ct c\rse ( lectures4 ,agricultural ,*emi/ry has = its objects all ^? *anges 9 ! arrangem5ts ( matt] connect$ ) ! gr[? & n\ri%m5t ( plants2 ! comp>ative values ( _! produce z food2 ! con/itution ( soils2 & ! mann] 9 :i* l&s are enri*$ by manure1 or r5d]$ f]tile by ! diff]5t processes ( cultivation4 ,t su* objects are intimately connect$ ) ! doctr9es ( *emi/ry1 he proce$s to %[ by sev]al appropriate & /rik+ illu/rations4 ,if l& be unproductive1 & a sy/em ( ameliorat+ x is to be attempt$1 ! sure me?od ( obta9+ ! object is1 by det]m9+ ! cause ( its /]ility1 :i* mu/ necess>ily dep5d ^u "s defect 9 ! con/itution ( ! soil1 :i* may be easily discov]$ by *emical analysis4 ,are any ( ! salts ( iron pres5t8 !y may be decompos$ by lime4 ,is !re an excess ( silice\s s&8 ! sy/em ( improvem5t mu/ dep5d on ! application ( clay & calc>e\s matt]4 ,is !re a defect ( calc>e\s matt]8 ! rem$y is obvi\s4 ,is an excess ( vegetable matt] indicat$8 x may be remov$ by lim+1 p>+1 & burn+4 ,is !re a defici5cy ( vegetable matt]8 x is to be suppli$ by manure4 ,9 ! selection also ( ! rem$y1 aft] ! discov]y ( ! evil1 *emical k is ( ! highe/ importance4 ,lime/one v>ies 9 its composition1 & by its indiscrim9ate application we may aggravate ! /]ility we seek to obviate4 ,peat e>? is an excell5t manure1 b x may conta9 su* an excess ( iron z to be absolutely poison\s to plants4 ,h[ are su* difficulties to be met b by ! res\rces ( *emi/ry8 ,x is also evid5t t ! sci5tific agriculturi/ %\ld possess a g5]al k ( ! nature & composition ( mat]ial bodies1 & ! laws ( _! *anges2 = ! surface ( ! e>?1 ! atmosph]e1 & ! wat] deposit$ f x1 mu/1 ei!r toge!r or sep>ately1 af=d all ! pr9ciples conc]n$ 9 vegetation2 & x is only by exam9+ ! *emical nature ( ^! pr9ciples1 t we are capable ( discov]+ :at is ! food ( plants1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ?is food is suppli$ & prep>$ = _! n\ri%m5t4 ,davy likewise advocates ! necessity ( /udy+ ! ph5om5a ( vegetation1 z an important bran* ( ! sci5ce ( organiz$ nature2 =1 al?\gh exalt$ above inorganic matt]1 vegetables are yet 9 a great measure dep5d5t = _! exi/5ce ^u its laws4 ,!y receive _! n\ri%m5t f ! ext]nal elem5ts2 !y assimilate x by means ( peculi> organs2 & x is by exam9+ _! physical & *emical con/itution1 & ! sub/ances & p[]s :i* act ^u !m1 & ! modifications :i* !y und]go1 t ! sci5tific pr9ciples ( ,agricultural ,*emi/ry are obta9$4 ,) respect1 h[ev]1 to ! practical utility ( ?is latt] bran*1 diff]5t op9ions h be5 ent]ta9$4 ,i confess1 ,i am incl9$ to agree ) an able review]#aje :5 he says1 ,x is ! prop] bus9ess ( ! *emi/ to exam9e & asc]ta9 ! nature & prop]ties ( dead & inorganiz$ matt]1 & ! v>i\s comb9ations :i*1 accord+ to *emical laws1 x is capable ( =m+4 ,! *emical composition ( organiz$ bodies1 & ( ! products :i* !y =m1 fall likewise "u 8 cognizance2 b :5 he proce$s to consid] ! physical con/itution ( ^! bodies1 & ! mann] 9 :i* !y act 9 =m+ _! products1 he no long] works ) ! in/rum5ts ( ! laboratory1 or conducts processes :i* c be prop]ly imitat$ !re4 #aje ,ed9burgh ,review1 vol4 #bb1 page #bec4 ,9 conclud+ 8 introductory obs]vations1 he rem>ks ^u ! prejudice :i* p]sons1 :o argue 9 fav\r ( practice & exp]i5ce1 v commonly ent]ta9 aga9/ all attempts to improve agriculture by philosophical enquiries & *emical me?ods4 ,t mu* vague speculation may be f\nd 9 ! works ( ^? :o h lightly tak5 up agricultural *emi/ry1 x is impossible to d5y4 ,x is n uncommon to f9d a numb] ( *anges rung ^u a /r+ ( te*nical t]ms1 su* z oxyg51 hydrog51 c>bon1 & azote1 z if ! sci5ce dep5d$ ^u words1 r ?an ^u ?+s4 ,b ?is is1 9 fact1 an argum5t = ! necessity ( ! e/abli%m5t ( j pr9ciples ( *emi/ry on ! subject4--,if a p]son j\rney+ 9 ! night wi%es to avoid be+ l$ a/ray by ! ignis fatuus1 ! mo/ secure me?od is to c>ry a lamp 9 8 own h&4 ,!re is no idea m unf\nd$ ?an t a great devotion ( "t1 & a m9ute k ( g5]al *emi/ry1 are necess>y = pursu+ exp]im5ts on ! nature ( soils1 or ! prop]ties ( manures4 ,! exp5se connect$ ) *emical enquiries is extremely trifl+3 a small closet is suffici5t = conta9+ all ! mat]ials requir$4 ,9 ! ,,second ,,lecture1 he ent]s ^u ! consid]ation ( ! g5]al p[]s ( matt]1 su* z gravitation1 cohesion1 *emical attraction1 heat1 light1 & electricity2 & !n proce$s to exam9e ! elem5ts ( matt]1 & ! laws ( _! comb9ations & arrangem5ts4 ,to an audi5ce con/itut$ ( p]sons :o 7 n famili> ) ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce1 x might h be5 v necess>y = ! lectur] to ent] ^u su* prelim9>y details2 b !re _c be any good reason = 8 hav+ publi%$ !m 9 8 sy/em4 ,z !y are to be f\nd 9 e "w on *emi/ry1 x w n be necess>y to be/[ ^u !m any fur!r notice4 ,9 ! ,,?ird ,,lecture1 he ent]s into a description ( ! organization & liv+ sy/em ( plants2 9 :i* he connects toge!r into a g5]al view1 ! obs]vations ( ! mo/ enlight5$ philosoph]s :o h /udi$ ! physiology ( vegetation--^? ( ,grew1 ,malpighi1 ,s5nebi]1 ,hales1 ,dec&olle1 ,saussure1 ,bonnet1 ,d>w91 ,smi?1 & above all1 ( ,mr4 ,knight1 ^: enquiries ^u ^! subjects are n only ! late/1 b by f> ! mo/ satisfactory & conclusive4 ,z !re is little 9 ^! descriptions t may n be f\nd 9 ! orig9al au?ors1 ,i %all n unnecess>ily trespass ^u ! "t ( ! read] by relat+ !m4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ?is lecture1 he describes ! prop]ties & ultimate composition ( ! proximate pr9ciples ( :i* vegetable matt] consi/s1 & into :i* x may be resolv$ by diff]5t processes ( art2 su* are gum1 />*1 sug>1 album51 glut51 extract1 tann91 res91 oils1 c4 c4 ,b s9ce ! publication ( ?is "w1 vegetable analysis has advanc$ to a degree ( ref9em5t :i* c\ld sc>cely h be5 anticipat$ 9 s %ort a p]iod1 & consequ5tly _m ( 8 /atem5ts appe> defici5t2 b 8 g5]al directions = conduct+ an analysis ( any vegetable sub/ance1 ) a degree ( accuracy suffici5t = ! views ( ! agriculturi/1 rema9 unimpea*$4 ,! mo/ valuable1 & m /rictly orig9al "p ( ?is lecture1 is 8 /atem5t ( ! quantity ( soluble or nutritive matt]s conta9$ 9 v>ieties ( ! diff]5t sub/ances t are us$ z articles ( food1 ei!r = man or cattle1 & :i* he has display$ 9 a tabul> =m4 ,! analyses 7 8 own1 & 7 conduct$ ) a view to a k ( ! g5]al nature & quantity ( ! products1 r ?an to t ( _! intimate *emical composition4 ,he proce$$ ^u ! assumption1 t ! excell5ce ( ! diff]5t articles1 z food1 w be 9 a great measure proportional to ! quantities ( soluble matt] !y af=d2 al?\gh he admits t ^! quantities _c be reg>d$ z absolutely d5ot+ _! value4 ,album9\s or glut9\s matt]s h ! *>act]s ( animal sub/ances2 sug> is m1 & extractive matt] less n\ri%+ ?an any o!r pr9ciples compos$ ( c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg54 ,c]ta9 comb9ations likewise ( ^! sub/ances may be m nutritive ?an o!rs4 ,!re are "s pr9ciples also1 :i*1 al?\gh soluble 9 ! vessels ( ! *emi/1 pass ?r\gh ! alim5t>y canal ( animals )\t *ange2 su* is tann93 on ! o!r h&1 !re are bodies :i*1 al?\gh sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 are readily act$ ^u by ! ga/ric juice2 glut5 is a pr9ciple ( ?is description4 ,%ortly aft] ,dr4 ,wolla/on publi%$ 8 scale ( *emical equival5ts1 x occurr$ to me t by apply+ ! slid+ rule to a s]ies ( nutritive sub/ances1 arrang$ accord+ to ! analyses ( ,davy1 "s curi\s & important problems#ajf might be solv$2 or at lea/1 t ! accuracy ( ! conclusions might be ?us conv5i5tly submitt$ to ! te/ ( practice4 ,i accord+ly sup]9t5d$ ! con/ruction ( su* an in/rum5t1 & submitt$ x to ,davy1 :o express$ 8 approbation ( ! pr9ciple1 b d\bt$ h[ f> ! accuracy ( 8 analyses w\ld ju/ify ! exp]im5t4 #ajf ,= example3--,:at weight ( :eat is equival5t to a giv5 weight ( oats1 b>ley1 rye1 c48 ,suppose ?ree hundr$ p\nds ( potatoes fe$ tw5ty head ( cattle = any giv5 "t1 h[ _m w ! same weight ( oats fe$8 ,to su* a s*eme1 h[ev]1 ,i soon f\nd t !re exi/$ a mu* m s]i\s objection4 ,! op]ation ( ! insoluble matt] _h be5 :olly neglect$2 & :atev] views ! *emi/ may ent]ta91 ! exp]i5ce ( ! physiologi/ has e/abli%$1 beyond d\bt1 ! influ5ce ( su* matt] 9 ! process ( dige/ion4 ,! capacity ( ! alim5t>y organs ( gram9ivor\s animals suffici5tly proves t !y 7 design$ = ! reception ( a l>ge bulk ( food1 & n = prov5d] 9 :i* ! nutritive matt] is conc5trat$2 & s9ce ! gram9e\s & legum9\s vegetables d n pres5t ?is matt] 9 a sep>ate /ate1 & ! animal is n furni%$ ) an app>atus by :i* he c remove x1 ! obvi\s inf]5ce is1 t he 0 design$ to fe$ indiscrim9ately ^u ! :ole2 & t1 unless bulk be tak5 into ! acc\nt1 no fair inf]5ce c be d$uc$ z to ! nutritive value ( diff]5t vegetables4 ,not)/&+ ! difficulties :i* prev5t our arriv+ at any ?+ l an accurate conclusion ^u s complicat$ a subject1 ! results may be receiv$ z af=d+ "s g5]al views ) reg>d to ! comp>ative value ( diff]5t nutritive vegetables4 ,x w\ld ?us appe> t at lea/ a f\r? "p ( ! weight ( ! potatoe consi/s ( nutritive matt]1 :i* is pr9cipally />*2--t :eat consi/s ( z mu* z n9ety-five1 b>ley ( n9ety-two1 oats ( sev5ty-five1 rye ( eighty1 & peas & beans ( ab\t fifty-sev5 p] c5t4 ( nutritive matt]4 ,! ,,f\r? ,,lecture comprises subjects ( ! utmo/ importance1 & mu/ be consid]$ z con/itut+ by f> ! mo/ orig9al & valuable division ( ! "w4 ,x treats ( soils1--_! con/itu5t p>ts1 _! *emical analysis1 _! uses1 _! improvem5t1 & ( ! rocks & /rata f\nd b5ea? _! surface4 ,9 ! execution ( ?is "p ( 8 lab\rs1 he has n only improv$ on ! processes ( ,=dyce & ,kirwan1 b he has enri*$ ! subject ) mu* int]e/+ & novel rese>*4 ,soils1 al?\gh extremely div]sifi$ 9 appe>ance & quality1 consi/ ( comp>atively few elem5ts1 :i* are 9 v>i\s /ates ( *emical comb9ation1 or ( me*anical mixture4 ,^! sub/ances are silica1 lime1 alum9a1 magnesia1 ! oxides ( iron1 & ( manganese2 animal & vegetable matt]s 9 a /ate ( decomposition2 toge!r ) c]ta9 sal9e bodies1 su* z common salt1 sulphate ( magnesia1 sometimes sulphate ( iron1 nitrates ( lime & magnesia1 sulphate ( pota%1 & ! c>bonates ( pota% & soda4 ,! silica 9 soils is usually comb9$ ) alum9a & oxide ( iron2 or ) alum9a1 lime1 magnesia1 & oxide ( iron1 =m+ gravel & s& ( diff]5t degrees ( f95ess4 ,! c>bonate ( lime is usually 9 an impalpable =m2 b sometimes 9 ! /ate ( calc>e\s s&4 ,! magnesia1 if n comb9$ 9 ! gravel & s& ( ! soil1 is 9 a f9e p[d] unit$ to c>bonic acid4 ,! impalpable "p ( ! soil1 :i* is commonly call$ clay or loam1 consi/s ( silica1 alum9a1 lime1 & magnesia2 & is1 9 fact1 visually ( ! same composition z ! h>d s&1 b m f9ely divid$4 ,! vegetable1 or animal matt]s 7& ! fir/ is by f> ! mo/ common 9 soils17 exi/ 9 diff]5t /ates ( decomposition4 ,!y are sometimes fibr\s1 sometimes entirely brok5 d[n & mix$ ) ! soil4 ,to =m a j idea ( soils1 x is necess>y to conceive diff]5t rocks decompos$1 or gr\nd into p>ts & p[d] ( diff]5t degrees ( f95ess2 "s ( _! soluble p>ts dissolv$ by wat]1 & t wat] adh]+ to ! mass1 & ! :ole mix$ ) l>g] or small] quantities ( ! rema9s ( vegetables & animals1 9 diff]5t /ages ( decay4 ,soils1 !n1 w\ld appe> to h be5 orig9ally produc$ f ! dis9tegration ( rocks & /rata2 & h5ce !re mu/ be at lea/ z _m v>ieties ( !m1 z !re are species ( rocks expos$ at ! surface ( ! e>?2 & !y may be di/+ui%$ by names d]iv$ f ! rocks f :i* !y 7 =m$4 ,?us1 if a f9e r$ e>? be f\nd imm$iately above decompos+ basalt1 x may be d5om9at$ basaltic soil4 ,if fragm5ts ( qu>tz & mica be f\nd abundant1 x may be d5om9at$ granitic soil2 & ! same pr9ciples may be ext5d$ to o!r analog\s cases4 ,a g5]al k !n ( geology becomes ess5tial to ! sci5tific agriculturi/1 n only to enable him to =m a correct judgm5t ) respect to ! connection betwe5 ! v>ieties ( soil & ! subjac5t rocks1 b to direct him to ! diff]5t m9]al sub/ances :i* may be associat$ toge!r 9 _! vic9ity1 & :i* may conta9 pr9ciples capable ( ext5d+ _! f]tility1 or ( correct+ ! circum/ances ^u :i* _! pov]ty or b>r5ness may dep5d4 ,) ?is conviction1 ,davy proce$s to (f] a g5]al view ( ! nature & position ( rocks & /rata 9 nature2 b :i*1 ,i confess1 appe>s to me to be :olly useless to ^? :o h any acqua9tance ) ! subject1 & f> too meagre to convey any in/ruction to ^? :o h n made ?is bran* ( sci5ce an object ( /udy4 ,^u ?is view1 h[ev]1 he has gr\nd$ a numb] ( valuable rem>ks2 al?\gh 8 obs]vations appe> to h be5 too limit$ to enable him to d ju/ice to a subject ( su* ext5t & importance4 ,_h he fulfill$ 8 int5tion ( mak+ a survey ( ! c\nty ( ,cornwall1 ! sci5ce mu/ h be5 greatly advanc$ by 8 lab\rs1 = !re is no di/rict 9 ,great ,brita9 s ri* 9 fact1 & s capable ( elucidat+ ! hi/ory ( soil1 & ! advantages ( cultivation1 :5 conduct$ on ! pr9ciples ( *emical philosophy4 ,! soils sup]9cumb5t ^u ! diff]5t rocks are di/9ct & *>act]i/ic2 & ev5 9 ! same species v>ieties may be obs]v$1 9 consequ5ce ( geological peculi>ities4 ,i h1 = in/ance1 f\nd t ! f]tility ( a granitic soil is increas$ by ! abundance ( felsp> 9 ! p>5t rock2--t ( a slaty soil by ! degree ( incl9ation or dip ( ! /rata3 b ! mo/ extraord9>y circum/ance p]haps connect$ ) ?is subject1 is ! v rem>kable f]tility ( ! l& :i* lies ov] ! junction ( ^! rocks1--s obvi\s inde$ is x1 t ! eye alone is suffici5t to trace x4 ,we are indebt$ to ! au?or1 9 ?is lecture1 = "s v +5i\s & important rem>ks on ! relations ( diff]5t soils to heat & moi/ure1 & = a s]ies ( exp]im5ts by :i* 8 views are support$4 ,"s soils1 he obs]ves1 are m easily heat$ & m easily cool$ ?an o!rs3 = example1 ^? t consi/ pr9cipally ( a /iff :ite clay are heat$ ) difficulty2 & be+ usually v moi/1 !y reta9 _! heat only = a %ort "t4 ,*alks also are difficultly heat$2 b be+ dry]1 !y reta9 _! heat long]1 less be+ consum$ 9 ! process ( evaporation4 ,a black soil1 & ^? t conta9 mu* c>bonace\s or f]rug9\s matt]1 acquire a high] temp]ature by exposure to ! sun1 ?an pale-col\r$ soils4 ,:5 soils are p]fectly dry1 ^? t mo/ readily become heat$1 mo/ rapidly cool2 b ! d>ke/-col\r$ dry soil1 ab\nd+ 9 animal & vegetable matt]s1 cools m sl[ly ?an a wet pale soil1 compos$ entirely ( e>?y matt]4 ,^! results ,davy ga9$ by exp]im5ts made on diff]5t k9ds ( soils1 expos$ = a giv5 "t to ! sun1 & 9 ! %ade2 ! degrees ( heat+ & cool+ hav+ be5 accurately asc]ta9$ by ! !rmomet]4 ,no?+ c be m evid5t1 ?an t ! g5ial heat ( ! soil1 p>ticul>ly 9 spr+1 mu/ be ( ! highe/ importance to ! ris+ plant4 ,& :5 ! leaves are fully develop$1 ! gr\nd is %ad$1 & any injuri\s influ5ce1 :i* 9 ! summ] might be expect$ f too great a heat1 entirely prev5t$2 s t ! temp]ature ( ! surface1 :5 b>e & expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun1 af=ds at lea/ "o indication ( ! degree ( its f]tility2 & ! !rmomet] may !re=e be sometimes a useful in/rum5t to ! pur*as] or improv] ( l&s4 ,wat] is said to exi/ 9 soils1 ei!r 9 a /ate ( *emical comb9ation1 or ( cohesive attraction4 ,x is 9 ! latt] /ate only t x c be absorb$ by ! roots ( plants1 unless 9 ! case ( ! decomposition ( animal & vegetable sub/ances4 ,! m divid$ ! p>ts ( ! soil are1 ! great] is its attractive p[] = wat]2 & ! addition ( vegetable & animal matt]s /ill f>!r increases ?is p[]4 ,! quality ( soils to absorb wat] f air1 is mu* connect$ ) f]tility4 ,davy in=ms u t he has comp>$ ?is absorb5t p[] 9 num]\s in/ances1 & t he always f\nd x greate/ 9 ! mo/ productive l&s3 he /ates1 h[ev]1 ! important fact1 t ^? soils1 su* = in/ance z /iff clays1 :i* take up ! greate/ quantity ( wat]1 :5 x is p\r$ ^u !m 9 a fluid =m1 are n su* z absorb mo/ moi/ure f ! atmosph]e 9 dry wea!r4 ,!y cake1 & pres5t only a small surface to ! air1 & ! vegetation on !m is g5]ally burnt up almo/ z readily z on s&s4 ,!re is probably no di/rict 9 :i* ! importance ( moi/ure 9 relation to f]tility is m app>5t ?an 9 ,cornwall2 & !re is a prov9cial say+1 t ! l& w be> a %[] e weekday1 & two ^u a ,sunday3 inde$1 ( su* importance is moi/ure1 t x is by no means an uncommon practice to enc\rage ! gr[? ( we$s1 9 ord] to dim9i% ! evaporation2 a necessity :i* arises f ! excess ( silice\s matt] 9 ! soil4 ,to ^? :o are dispos$ to prosecute ?is enquiry1 ,i %\ld recomm5d a p]usal ( ,mr4 ,leslie's treatise on ! ,relations ( ,air to ,heat & ,moi/ure4 ,i mu/ n quit ! consid]ation ( ?is lecture1 )\t adv]t+ to ! directions ) :i* its au?or has furni%$ ! philosophical f>m] = analys+ ! diff]5t v>ieties ( soil2 & :i* are s cle>1 s p]fect1 & above all s simple1 t !y are n[ introduc$ into all elem5t>y works on *emi/ry1 z ! only guide to su* rese>*es4 ,8 me?od = asc]ta9+ ! quantity ( c>bonate ( lime 9 any specim51 consi/s 9 det]m9+ ! loss ( weight :i* takes place on its admixture ) muriatic acid2 = s9ce c>bonate ( lime1 9 all its /ates1 conta9s a det]m9ate proportion ( c>bonic acid1 x is evid5t t1 by e/imat+ ! quantity ( ela/ic matt] giv5 out1 ! proportion ( c>bonate ( lime w be kn[n4 ,= conduct+ ?is exp]im5t1 he contriv$ a v simple & +5i\s piece ( pneumatic app>atus1 9 :i* ! bulk ( ! c>bonic acid is at once measur$ by ! quantity ( wat] x displaces4 ,9 8 ,,fif? ,,lecture he ent]s ^u ! nature ( ! atmosph]e1 & its influ5ce on vegetables3 he also exam9es ! process ( ! g]m9ation ( se$s1 & ! functions ( plants 9 _! diff]5t /ages ( gr[?2 & concludes ) a g5]al view ( ! progress ( vegetation4 ,i %all m]ely m5tion a few ( ! m int]e/+ po9ts 9 ?is enquiry4 ,9 illu/rat+ ! importance ( wat] to ! vegetable creation1 he obs]ves t ! atmosph]e always conta9s wat] 9 its ela/ic & invisible =m1 ! quantity ( :i* w v>y ) ! temp]ature4 ,9 proportion z ! wea!r is hott]1 ! quantity is great]2 & x is its cond5sation by dim9ution ( temp]ature1 :i* gives rise to ! ph5om5a ( dew & mi/4 ,! leaves ( liv+ plants appe> to act ^u ?is vap\r1 & to absorb x4 ,"s vegetables increase 9 weight f ?is cause1 :5 susp5d$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 & unconnect$ ) ! soil2 su* are ! h\se-leek1 & diff]5t species ( ! aloe4 ,9 v int5se heats1 & :5 ! soil is dry1 ! life ( plants seems to be pres]v$ by ! absorb5t p[]s ( _! leaves2 & x is a beautiful circum/ance 9 ! economy ( ,nature1 t aque\s vap\r is mo/ abundant 9 ! atmosph]e :5 x is mo/ ne$$ = ! purposes ( life2 & t :5 o!r s\rces ( its supply are cut (f1 ?is is mo/ copi\s4#ajg #ajg ,! hi/ory ( 8 native c\nty w\ld h furni%$ him ) a p>allel in/ance ( ! intellig5ce & design :i* ,nature displays 9 connect+ ! wants & necessities ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( creation1 ) ! p[] & means ( supply+ !m4 ,9 a primitive c\ntry l ,cornwall1 ! silice\s soil necess>ily requires mu* moi/ure1 & we may p]ceive t ! cause :i* occasions1 at ! same "t supplies ?is want2 = ! rocks elevat$ above ! surface1 solicit a tribute f e pass+ cl\d2 :ile 9 alluvial & flat di/ricts1 :]e ! soil is ri*1 deep1 & ret5tive ( moi/ure1 ! cl\ds float undi/urb$ ov] ! pla9s1 & ! c\ntry frequ5tly enjoys t un9t]rupt$ s]ies ( dry wea!r :i* is s necess>y to its f]tility4 ,l9nu obs]ves1 t ! plants :i* *iefly gr[ ^u ! summit ( m\nta9s1 are r>ely f\nd 9 any o!r situation1 except 9 m>%es1 because ! cl\ds arre/$ 9 _! progress by su* elevations1 keep ! air 9 a /ate ( p]petual moi/ure4 ,if wat] 9 its ela/ic & fluid /ates be ess5tially necess>y to ! economy ( vegetation1 s ev5 9 its solid =m1 x is n )\t its uses4 ,sn[ & ice are bad conductors ( heat2 & at a p]iod :5 ! sev]ity ( ! w9t] ?reat5s ! ext9ction ( vegetable life1 ,nature k9dly ?r[s h] sn[y mantle ov] ! surface2 :ile 9 e>ly spr+ ! solution ( ! sn[ becomes ! fir/ n\ri%m5t ( ! plant2 at ! same "t1 ! expansion ( wat] 9 ! act ( congelation1 & ! subsequ5t contraction ( its bulk dur+ a ?aw1 t5d to pulv]ise ! soil1 to sep>ate its p>ts f ea* o!r1 &1 by mak+ x m p]meable to ! influ5ce ( ! air1 to prep>e x = ! (fices x is de/9$ to p]=m4 ,he next proce$s to consid] ! action ( ! atmosph]e on plants1 & to connect x ) a g5]al view ( ! progress ( vegetation4 ,he comm5ces ) exam9+ its relations to g]m9ation4 ,if a heal?y se$ be moi/5$ & expos$ to air at a temp]ature n bel[ #de1 x soon g]m9ates2 x %oots =? a plume :i* rises upw>ds1 & a radicle :i* desc5ds4 ,if ! air be conf9$1 x is f\nd t1 9 ! process ( g]m9ation1 ! oxyg51 or a "p ( x1 is absorb$4 ,! azote rema9s unalt]$2 no c>bonic acid is tak5 away f ! air2 on ! contr>y1 "s is add$4 ,^u ?is po9t1 critics h be5 dispos$ to break a lance ) ,sir ,humphry4 ,! doctr9e1 let x be obs]v$1 is at v>iance ) ! num]\s exp]im5ts made on ?is subject by ,s*eele1 ,cruick%ank1 & ,de ,saussure2 ! results ( :i* agree 9 prov+1 t if se$s be conf9$ & made to g]m9ate 9 a giv5 portion ( air1 n a "p only1 b ! :ole ( ! oxyg5 is consum$2 & t its place is suppli$1 n m]ely by "s1 b by an equal bulk ( c>bonic acid4 ,objections h be5 also />t$ to 8 !ory ( ! *emical *anges :i* ! se$ und]goes dur+ ! process ( g]m9ation3 b 7 ,i to ent] ^u ^! discussions1 "t & space w\ld alike fail me1 to say no?+ ( ! pati5ce ( ! read]1 :i* w\ld be exhau/$ long be=e we c\ld arrive at any satisfactory conclusion4 ,i %all = ! same reasons pass ov] 8 obs]vations ^u ! influ5ce ex]t$ ^u gr[+ plants on ! air3 ! subject is involv$ 9 mu* difficulty1 :i* c be only remov$ by fre% exp]im5ts2 nor1 aft] all1 is ! great "q1 :e!r ! purity ( ! atmosph]e is ma9ta9$ by vegetation1 ( any practical mom5t1--x is "o :i* p>takes m ( curiosity ?an ( use1 & might !re=e h be5 well disp5s$ ) 9 a sy/em ( agriculture4 ,he agrees ) _m o!r philosoph]s 9 consid]+ ! process ( malt+ z m]ely "o 9 :i* g]m9ation is artificially produc$1 & 9 :i* ! />* is *ang$ into sug>1 :i* sug> is aft]w>ds1 by f]m5tation1 conv]t$ into _s4 ,x is1 he cont9ues1 v evid5t f ! *emical pr9ciples ( g]m9ation1 t ! process %\ld be c>ri$ on no f>!r ?an to produce ! spr\t+ ( ! radicle1 & %\ld be *eck$ z soon z ?is has made its di/9ct appe>ance4 ,if x is pu%$ to su* a degree z to occasion ! p]fect developem5t ( ! radicle & ! plume1 a consid]able quantity ( sac*>9e matt] w h be5 consum$ 9 produc+ _! expansion1 & !re w be less _s =m$ 9 f]m5tation1 or produc$ 9 di/illation4 ,z ?is circum/ance is ( "s importance1 ,i made1 9 ,octob] #ahjf1 an exp]im5t relat+ to x4 ,i asc]ta9$ by ! action ( alcohol1 ! relative proportions ( sac*>9e matt] 9 two equal quantities ( ! same b>ley2 9 "o ( :i* ! g]m9ation _h proce$$ s f> z to occasion protrusion ( ! radicle to ne>ly a qu>t] ( an in* beyond ! gra9 9 mo/ ( ! specim5s1 & 9 ! o!r ( :i* x _h be5 *eck$ be=e ! radicle 0 a l9e 9 l5g?2 ! quantity ( sug> af=d$ by ! la/ 0 to t 9 ! fir/ ne>ly z six to five4 ,! :ole ( ?is subject appe>s to be debateable gr\nd betwe5 ! physiologi/s & *emi/s3 ! "o consid]+ ! *ange ( />* into sug> z ! result ( ! vital action ( ! se$2 ! o!r affirm+ t ! gr[? ( ! g]m is 9 no way necess>y to ! result1 & is to be consid]$ z a m]e indication ( ! due degree ( *ange be+ effect$ 9 ! organic matt]1 or1 9 o!r words1 t :5 ! organiz$ p>ts exhibit a c]ta9 degree ( developem5t1 !n ! inorganic matt] is mo/ completely *ang$4 ,all gr[? beyond ?is is injuri\s1 z lead+ to a consumption ( ! inorganic matt]4 ,all less ?an ?is is n o!rwise disadvantage\s1 ?an z an indication t ! inorganic matt] is n duly *ang$4 ,?is *ange1 x is f>!r affirm$1 s f> f dep5d+ ^u vegetable life1 c be wr\ght on ! matt] ( ! se$ aft] x is ev5 r$uc$ to p[d]1 or is sep>at$ 9 ! =m ( />*4 ,at all ev5ts1 x mu/ be admitt$ z a beautiful arrangem5t 9 nature1 t ! same ag5ts :i* urge on ! developem5t ( ! organiz$ p>ts1 %\ld1 at ! same "t1 assi/ 9 prep>+ food = _! support4 ,f ?is subject ,davy is v naturally l$ to ! consid]ation ( ! ravages inflict$ ^u ! infant plant by insects2 ! sac*>9e matt] 9 ! cotyl$ons at ! "t ( _! *ange into se$-leaves1 r5d]+ !m exce$+ly liable to su* attacks4 ,he appe>s to h be/[$ mu* att5tion on ! turnip-fly1 a colyopt]\s insect1 :i* fixes itself ^u ! se$-leaves ( ! turnip at ! "t t !y are beg9n+ to p]=m _! functions4 ,he relates ! sev]al rem$ies :i* h be5 propos$ = ?is evil2 & f lett]s :i* h be5 put 9 my possession1 address$ to ,dr4 ,c>twright z e>ly z ! ye> #ahjd1 he appe>s to h be5 engag$ ) t g5tleman 9 exp]im5ts made by spr9kl+ ! "y plants ) lime & ur9e4 ,aft] allud+ to ! p>asitical plants ( diff]5t species1 :i* atta* !mselves to trees & %rubs1 fe$ on _! juices1 de/roy _! heal?1 & f9ally _! life1 = :i*1 at pres5t1 !re does n exi/ any rem$y1 he ?us concludes 8 lecture3 ,to enum]ate all ! animal de/roy]s1 & tyrants ( ! vegetable k+dom1 w\ld be to give a catalogue ( ! great] numb] ( ! classes 9 ,zoology4 ,e species ( plant almo/ is ! peculi> re/+-place1 or dom9ion1 ( "s insect tribe2 & f ! locu/1 ! cat]pill>1 & snail1 to ! m9ute aphis1 a wond]ful v>iety ( ! inf]ior insects are n\ri%$1 & live by _! ravages ^u ! vegetable _w4 ,! ,hessian fly1 /ill m de/ructive to :eat ?an ! "o :i* ravages ! turnip plant1 has 9 "s seasons ?reat5$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) a fam9e4 ,& ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t is at ?is "t#ajh issu+ decrees ) a view to occasion ! de/ruction ( ! l>v ( ! gras%opp]4 #ajh ,janu>y #ahac4 ,9 g5]al1 wet wea!r is mo/ fav\rable to ! propagation ( mildew1 funguses1 ru/1 & ! small p>asitical vegetables2 dry wea!r1 to ! increase ( ! insect tribes4 ,nature1 amid/ all h] *anges1 is cont9ually direct+ h] res\rces t[>ds ! production & multiplication ( life2 & 9 ! wise & gr& economy ( ! :ole sy/em1 ev5 ! ag5ts t appe> injuri\s to ! hopes1 & de/ructive to ! com=ts ( man1 are 9 fact ultimately connect$ ) a m exalt$ /ate ( 8 p[]s & 8 condition4 ,8 indu/ry is awak5$1 8 activity kept alive1 ev5 by ! defects ( climates & season4 ,by ! accid5ts :i* int]f]e ) 8 ef=ts1 he is made to ex]t 8 tal5ts1 to look f>!r into futurity1 & to consid] ! vegetable k+dom1 n z a secure & unalt]able inh]itance spontane\sly provid+ = 8 wants1 b z a d\btful & insecure possession1 to be pres]v$ only by lab\r1 & ext5d$ & p]fect$ by +5uity4 ,,8 ,,six? ,,lecture treats ( manures ( animal & vegetable orig91 & ( ! g5]al pr9ciples ) respect to _! uses & modes ( application4 ,x is evid5t t plants1 by _! gr[?1 mu/ gradually exhau/ ! soil ( its ri*] & m nutri5t p>ts2 & ^! c be alone re/or$ by ! application ( manures4 ,x is equally obvi\s1 t if a soil be /]ile f any defect 9 its con/itution1 su* a defect c be only rem$i$ by artificial additions4 ,h5ce ! introduction ( =eign matt] into ! e>?1 = ! purpose ( accel]at+ vegetation1 & ( increas+ ! produce ( its crops1 is a practice :i* has be5 pursu$ s9ce ! e>lie/ p]iod ( agriculture4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! greate/ ignorance has prevail$ 9 all ages ) reg>d to ! be/ modes ( r5d]+ su* a res\rce available2 & ! f>m]1 in/ead ( enri*+ ! soil1 has too frequ5tly giv5 8 treasures to ! w9ds4 ,x is q lam5table1 says an intellig5t writ]1#aji to survey a f>m-y>d 9 _m p>ts ( ! k+dom2 to see ! abundance ( vegetable matt] t is trodd5 = mon?s "u-foot1 ov] a surface ( p]haps half an acre ( l&1 expos$ to all ! ra9s t fall1 by :i* its m soluble & ri*] p>ts are wa%$ away1 or p]haps c>ri$ d[n to poison ! wat] ( "s /agnant pool1 :i* ! un=tunate cattle are aft]w>ds compell$ to dr9k4 ,f ! y>d1 ! manure is (t5 c>t$ to ! field1 at ! "t :5 ! l& is r5d]$ imp5etrable by fro/2 or1 if ?is op]ation be delay$ to a less unseasonable p]iod1 x is !n frequ5tly laid d[n 9 small heaps1 or sometimes spread ov] ! surface1 expos$ = _m days to ! sun1 ! w9ds1 & ! ra91 z if ) ! direct design ( dissipat+ ^? m volatile p>ts :i* x ought to be ! f>m]'s fir/ endeav\r to pres]ve4 #aji ,ed9burgh ,review1 vol4 xxii4 p4 #bgj4 ,no?+ c be s likely to remove ignorance s deplorable1 & prejudices s invet]ate1 z ! diffusion ( real k conc]n+ ! nature ( manures1 & _! mode ( action on soils1 & on ! plants :i* gr[ 9 !m4 ,davy1 fully s5sible ( ! practical importance ( ! subject1 & impress$ ) ! conviction t x 0 capable ( be+ mat]ially elucidat$ by ! rec5t discov]ies ( *emi/ry1 det]m9$ to put =? 8 /r5g?1 9 ord] to br+ ?is dep>tm5t ( agriculture "u ! dom9ion ( sci5ce2 & ^u ?is occasion our philosoph] pres5ts himself 9 ! only "* 9 :i* he ev] ought to appe>--9 t ( an orig9al exp]im5tali/4 ,8 fir/ /ep 9 ! enquiry 0 to asc]ta9 :e!r solid sub/ances c pass f ! soil ?r\gh ! m9ute pores 9 ! fibres ( ! root4 ,he tri$ an exp]im5t by introduc+ a gr[+ plant ( pepp]m9t into wat] :i* held 9 susp5sion a quantity ( impalpably p[d]$ *>coal3 b aft] a =tnight1 ^u cutt+ ?r\gh diff]5t p>ts ( ! roots1 no c>bonace\s matt] c\ld be discov]$ 9 !m1 nor 7 ! smalle/ fibres ev5 black5$1--?\gh ?is mu/ h happ5$1 _h ! *>coal be5 absorb$ 9 a solid =m4 ,if a sub/ance s ess5tial to plants z c>bonace\s matt] _c be introduc$ except 9 a /ate ( solution into _! organs1 he v ju/ly concludes t o!r less ess5tial bodies mu/ be 9 ! same case4 ,he also prov$ by exp]im5t t solutions ( sug>1 mucilage1 jelly1 & o!r pr9ciples1 unless consid]ably dilut$1 clogg$ up ! vegetable organs ) solid matt]1 & prev5t$ ! transpiration by ! leaves3 :51 h[ev]1 ?is precaution 0 tak51 ! plants grew mo/ luxuriantly 9 su* liquids4 ,he next proce$$ to det]m9e :e!r soluble vegetable sub/ances pass$ 9 an un*ang$ /ate into ! roots ( plants1 by comp>+ ! products ( ! analysis ( ! roots ( plants ( m9t :i* _h gr[n1 "s 9 common wat]1 "s 9 a solution ( sug>3 ! results fav\r$ ! op9ion t !y 7 s absorb$4 ,x appe>$1 moreov]1 t sub/ances ev5 poison\s to vegetables did n (f] an objection to ?is law4 ,he introduc$ ! roots ( a primrose into a weak solution ( oxide ( iron 9 v9eg>1 & suff]$ !m to rema9 9 x till ! leaves became yell[2 ! roots 7 !n c>efully wa%$ 9 di/ill$ wat]1 bruis$1 & boil$ 9 a small quantity ( ! same fluid3 ! decoction ( !m pass$ ?r\gh a filtre 0 exam9$1 & f\nd to conta9 iron2 s t ?is metal mu/ h be5 tak5 up by ! vessels or pores 9 ! root4 ,if to ^! facts are add$ ^? connect$ ) ! *anges :i* animal & vegetable sub/ances und]go by ! process ( putrefaction1 we h all ! data necess>y = =m+ a rational !ory1 to guide u 9 ! managem5t & application ( manures4 ,davy has v satisfactorily %[n ! cases 9 :i* putrefaction or f]m5tation %\ld be enc\rag$1 & avoid$4 ,z a g5]al rule1 x may be /at$1 t :5 manure consi/s pr9cipally ( matt] soluble 9 wat]1 its f]m5tation or putrefaction %\ld be prev5t$ z mu* z possible2 b on ! contr>y1 :5 x conta9s a l>ge proportion ( vegetable or animal fibre1 su* processes become necess>y4 ,to prev5t manures f decompos+1 he recomm5ds t !y %\ld be pres]v$ dry1 def5d$ f ! contact ( ! air1 & kept z cool z possible4 ,salt & alcohol1 he obs]ves1 appe> to owe _! p[]s ( pres]v+ animal & vegetable sub/ances to _! attraction = wat]1 by :i* !y prev5t its decompos+ action1 & likewise to _! exclud+ air4 ,! importance ( ?is latt] circum/ance he illu/rates by ! success ( ,m4 ,app>t's me?od ( pres]v+ meat4 ,by all[+ ! f]m5tation ( manure to proce$ b5ea? ! soil1 r ?an 9 ! f>m-y>d1 we n only pres]ve elem5ts :i* w\ld o!rwise be dissipat$1 b we obta9 sev]al incid5tal advantages2 = example1 ! production ( heat1 :i* is useful 9 promot+ ! g]m9ation ( ! se$4 ,?is mu/ be p>ticul>ly fav\rable to ! :eat crop1 9 pres]v+ a g5ial temp]ature b5ea? ! surface late 9 autumn1 & dur+ w9t]4 ,aga93--x is a g5]al pr9ciple 9 *emi/ry1 t 9 all cases ( decomposition1 sub/ances comb9e mu* m readily at ! mom5t ( _! dis5gagem5t1 ?an aft] !y h be5 p]fectly =m$4 ,& 9 f]m5tation b5ea? ! soil1 ! fluid matt] produc$ is appli$ in/antly1 ev5 :il/ x is w>m1 to ! organs ( ! plant1 & consequ5tly is m likely to be effici5t ?an 9 manure t has gone ?r\gh ! process1 & ( :i* all ! pr9ciples h already ent]$ into new comb9ations4 ,he exam9es ) mu* att5tion ! v>i\s animal & vegetable matt]s :i* h be5 us$ z manure1 & furni%es ! f>m] ) a numb] ( practical rem>ks on _! nature & mode ( op]ation4 ,= ^!1 ! read] mu/ ref] to ! "w itself2 = my limits w n all[ me to ent] into ! consid]ation ( rape-cake--malt-du/--l9se$-cake--sea-we$ s--peat --wood-a%es--fi%--bones--hair1wooll5 rags1 & fea!rs--blood1 c4 c42 to ea* ( :i* he assigns peculi> qualities & virtues4 ,z he reg>ds ! due regulation ( ! f]m5tative process ( ! utmo/ importance1 he has furni%$ "s valuable h9ts = ! conduct ( ! f>m] ^u ?is occasion4 ,he consid]s t a compact m>le1 or a t5aci\s clay1 (f]s ! be/ protection aga9/ ! air2 & be=e ! dung is cov]$ ov]1 or1 z x 71 seal$ up1 he recomm5ds t x %\ld be dri$ z mu* z possible4 ,if at any "t x %\ld heat /rongly1 he advises ! f>m] to turn x ov]1 & ?us cool x by exposure to ! air2 = ! practice sometimes adopt$ ( wat]+ dunghills is inconsi/5t ) j *emical views4 ,x may cool ! dung = a %ort "t2 b moi/ure1 x w be rememb]$1 is a pr9cipal ag5t 9 all processes ( decomposition4 ,9 cases ( ! f]m5tation ( dung1 !re are simple te/s by :i* ! rapidity ( ! process1 & consequ5tly ! injury done1 may be discov]$4 ,if1 = in/ance1 a !rmomet] plung$ into ! mass does n rise above #ajj1 x may be conclud$ t !re is n mu* dang] ( ! escape ( ari=m matt]2 b %\ld x exce$ ?is1 ! dung ought to be imm$iately spread abroad4 ,:5 a piece ( pap] moi/5$ 9 muriatic acid1 held ov] ! /eams aris+ f a dunghill1 gives d5se fumes1 x is a c]ta9 te/ t ! decomposition is go+ too f>2 = ?is indicates t volatile alkali is dis5gag$4 ,x may be truly said t1 "u ! h& ( ,davy1 ! colde/ realities blossom$ into poetry3 ! conclud+ passage ( ?is lecture c]ta9ly sanctions su* an op9ion1 & is highly *>act]i/ic ( t peculi> g5ius to :i* ,i h be=e allud$4#aaj ,a subject less calculat$ ?an a heap ( manure to call =? a gl[+ s5tim5t1 c sc>cely be imag9$4 #aaj ,page #aia4 ,! doctr9e1 says he1 ( ! prop] application ( manures f organiz$ sub/ances1 (f]s an illu/ration ( an important "p ( ! economy ( nature1 & ( ! happy ord] 9 :i* x is arrang$4 ,! dea? & decay ( animal sub/ances t5d to resolve organiz$ =ms into *emical con/itu5ts2 & ! p]nici\s effluvia dis5gag$ 9 ! process seem to po9t out ! propriety ( bury+ !m 9 ! soil1 :]e !y are fitt$ to become ! food ( vegetables4 ,! f]m5tation & putrefaction ( organiz$ sub/ances 9 ! free atmosph]e are noxi\s processes2 b5ea? ! surface ( ! gr\nd !y are salut>y op]ations4 ,9 ?is case ! food ( plants is prep>$ :]e x c be us$2 & t :i* w\ld (f5d ! s5ses1 & injure ! heal?1 if expos$1 is conv]t$ by gradual processes into =ms ( beauty & ( usefulness2 ! fetid gas is r5d]$ a con/itu5t ( ! aroma ( ! fl[]1 & :at might be poison1 becomes n\ri%m5t to man & animals4 ,! ,,sev5? ,,lecture is devot$ to ! inve/igation ( manures ( a m9]al orig94 ,he comm5ces ! subject by refut+ ! op9ion ( ,s*rad] & ,braconnot1 t ! diff]5t e>?y & sal9e sub/ances f\nd 9 plants arise f new arrangem5ts ( ! elem5ts ( air & wat]1 by ! ag5cies ( _! liv+ organs4 ,9 #ahja1 he made an exp]im5t on ! gr[? ( oats1 suppli$ ) a limit$ quantity ( di/ill$ wat]1 9 a soil compos$ ( pure c>bonate ( lime4 ,! soil & ! wat] 7 plac$ 9 a vessel ( iron1 :i* 0 includ$ 9 a l>ge j>1 connect$ ) ! free atmosph]e by a tube1 s curv$ z to prev5t ! possibility ( any du/1 or fluid1 or solid matt]1 f ent]+ into ! j>4 ,8 object 0 to asc]ta9 :e!r any silice\s e>? w\ld be =m$ 9 ! process ( vegetation2 b ! oats grew v feebly1 & began to be yell[ be=e any fl[]s =m$4 ,! entire plants 7 burnt1 & _! a%es comp>$ ) ^? f an equal numb] ( gra9s ( oat4 ,less silice\s e>? 0 giv5 by ! plants ?an by ! gra9s2 b _! a%es yield$ mu* m c>bonate ( lime4 ,num]\s o!r au?orities might be quot$ to ! same effect4 ,jacqu9 /ates t ! a%es ( ,glasswort 7,salsola-,soda7 :5 x gr[s 9 inl& situations1 af=d ! vegetable alkali2 b :5 on ! sea-%ore1 ! fossile or m9]al alkali4 ,du ,hamel also f\nd1 t plants :i* usually gr[ on ! sea-%ore1 made small progress :5 plant$ 9 soils conta9+ little common salt4 ,! ,sunfl[]1 :5 gr[+ on l&s n conta9+ nitre1 does n af=d t sub/ance2 ?\gh :5 wat]$ by its solution1 x yields nitre abundantly4 ,de ,saussure made plants gr[ 9 solutions ( diff]5t salts2 & he asc]ta9$ t1 9 all cases1 c]ta9 portions ( ! salts 7 absorb$ by ! plant1 & f\nd unalt]$ 9 _! organs4 ,x may be admitt$ !n z e/abli%$1 t ! m9]al pr9ciples f\nd 9 plants are d]iv$ f ! soils 9 :i* !y vegetate4 ,?is fact becomes ! f\ndation ( ! !ory respect+ ! op]ation ( m9]al manure4 ,davy obs]ves1 t ! only sub/ances :i* c ) propriety be call$ fossile manures1 & :i* are f\nd unmix$ ) ! rema9s ( any organiz$ be+s1 are c]ta9 alkal9e e>?s1 or alkalies1 & _! comb9ations4 ,if he int5ds to limit ! t]m to ^? bodies only :i* f9d _! way into ! /ructure ( plants1 8 def9ition may be correct2 b ,i am incl9$ to take a mu* wid] view ( ! subject1 & to include all ^? m9]al sub/ances :i* promote vegetation by modify+ ! texture ( ! soil3--b ( ?is h]eaft]4 ,lime1 n only f its importance1 b f ! controv]sies :i* x has occasion$1 ranks fir/ 9 ! li/ ( m9]al manures4 ,t disputes conc]n+ ! uses ( lime & its c>bonate1 %\ld h long exi/$1 & be /ill cont9u$ among/ a class ( p]sons :o1 :atev] may be _! practical k1 are n acqua9t$ ) ! composition ( ! sub/ances ab\t :i* !y diff]1 is c]ta9ly by no means extraord9>y4 ,davy1 !re=e1 v prop]ly introduces ! subject1 by a description ( ! nature & qualities ( ^! bodies1 & by m>k+ ! di/9ctions betwe5 quicklime & its c>bonate4 ,! sub/ance commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ,lime/one is a comp\nd ( lime & c>bonic acid1 associat$ g5]ally ) o!r e>?y bodies1 ! nature & proportions ( :i* v>y 9 diff]5t species4 ,:5 a lime/one does n copi\sly eff]vesce 9 acids1 & is suffici5tly h>d to scrat* glass1 x conta9s silice\s1 & probably alum9\s e>?4 ,:5 x is deep br[n or r$1 or /rongly col\r$ ( any ( ! %ades ( br[n or yell[1 x conta9s oxide ( iron2 :5 x is n suffici5tly h>d to scrat* glass1 b eff]vesces sl[ly1 & makes ! dilute nitric acid 9 :i* x eff]vesces milky1 x conta9s magnesia2 & :5 x is black1 & emits a fetid smell if rubb$1 x conta9s coally or bitum9\s matt]4 ,z ! agricultural value ( lime/one is mat]ially modifi$ by ! sub/ances ) :i* x may be associat$1 _! analysis becomes an object ( mu* importance1 & ! au?or has accord+ly propos$ a simple me?od ( effect+ x4 ,be=e any op9ion c be =m$ ( ! mann] 9 :i* ^! diff]5t +r$i5ts op]ate1 x is necess>y t ! action ( ! pure calc>e\s elem5t z a manure %\ld be ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,9 its cau/ic /ate1 :e!r us$ 9 p[d]1 or dissolv$ 9 wat]1 lime is injuri\s to plants4 ,davy in=ms u t he has1 9 sev]al in/ances1 kill$ grass by wat]+ x ) lime wat]2 b 9 its comb9ation ) c>bonic acid1 x is an useful +r$i5t 9 soils4 ,:5 newly-burnt lime is expos$ to ! atmosph]e1 x soon falls into p[d]1 f unit+ ) ! moi/ure ( ! air2 & ! same effect is imm$iately produc$ by ?r[+ wat] ^u x1 :5 x heats viol5tly1 & ! wat] disappe>s3 9 ?is /ate x is commonly call$ slack$ lime3 *emi/s h nam$ x ! hydrat ( lime2 & :5 ?is hydrat becomes a c>bonate1 by long exposure to ! air1 its wat] is 9 "p expell$1 & ! c>bonic acid takes its place4 ,lime1 :e!r fre%ly burnt1 or slack$1 acts p[]fully on moi/ fibr\s vegetable matt]s1 & =ms ) !m a compo/1 ( :i* a "p is usually soluble 9 wat]4 ,by ?is op]ation1 x r5d]s in]t vegetable matt] active2 & z *>coal & oxyg5 7! elem5ts ( c>bonic acid7 ab\nd 9 vegetables1 x is itself1 at ! same "t1 conv]t$ into a c>bonate4 ,b lime/one simply p[d]$1 m>ls1 or *alks1 d n ?us act on vegetable matt]2 & h5ce ! op]ation ( quicklime & mild lime dep5ds on pr9ciples altoge!r diff]5t4 ,quicklime acts on any h>d vegetable matt]1 s z to r5d] x m readily soluble2 ! mild limes1 or c>bonates1 act only by improv+ ! texture ( ! soil1 or by supply+ a due proportion ( calc>e\s matt]3 ?us almo/ all soils :i* d n eff]vesce ) acids1 are improv$ by mild lime & s&1 m ?an clays4 ,i appreh5d t x is ^u ?is pr9ciple ! application ( %elly s& proves b5eficial 9 ,cornwall1 al?\gh ,i h asc]ta9$ t1 on "s occasions1 its value dep5ds ^u its *emical action ^u m9]al bodies 9 ! soil4 ,soils ab\nd+ 9 soluble vegetable manures are injur$ by quicklime1 z x t5ds to decompose _! soluble matt]s1 or to =m ) !m comp\nds less soluble ?an ! pure vegetable sub/ance4 ,) animal manures1 x is equally exceptionable1 unless inde$ !y be too ri*1 or x becomes necess>y to prev5t noxi\s effluvia3 = s9ce x decomposes !m1 x de/roys _! efficacy1 & t5ds to r5d] ! extractive matt] insoluble4 ,! lime/ones conta9+ alum9a & silex are less fitt$ = ! purposes ( manure ?an pure lime/ones2 b ! lime =m$ f !m has no noxi\s quality4 ,su* /ones are less efficaci\s1 m]ely because !y furni% a small] quantity ( quicklime4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 t conta9 magnesia1 if indiscreetly us$1 may be v detrim5tal4 ,x _h be5 long kn[n to f>m]s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,donca/]1 t lime made f a c]ta9 lime/one1 :5 appli$ to ! l&1 (t5 injur$ ! crops consid]ably4 ,mr4 ,t5nant discov]$ t ?is lime/one conta9$ magnesia2 & on mix+ "s calc9$ magnesia ) soil1 9 :i* he s[$ diff]5t se$s1 he f\nd t !y ei!r di$1 or v imp]fectly vegetat$2 & ) great ju/ice & +5uity1 he ref]r$ ! bad effects ( ! peculi> lime/one to ! magnesian e>? x conta9$4 ,9 prosecut+ ! enquiry1 ,davy h[ev] asc]ta9$ t !re 7 cases 9 :i* ?is magnesian lime 0 us$ ) good effect1--9 small quantities1 = example1 on ri* l&3 & dur+ 8 *emical consid]ation ( ! "q1 he 0 l$ to ! foll[+ satisfactory solution4 ,magnesia has a mu* weak] attraction = c>bonic acid ?an lime1 & w rema9 9 ! /ate ( cau/ic or calc9$ magnesia = _m mon?s1 ?\gh expos$ to ! air2 & z long z any cau/ic lime rema9s1 ! magnesia _c be comb9$ ) c>bonic acid1 = lime in/antly attracts c>bonic acid f magnesia4 ,:5 !re=e a magnesian lime/one is burnt1 ! magnesia is depriv$ ( its c>bonic acid mu* soon] ?an ! lime1 & 9 ?is /ate x is a poison to plants4 ,t m magnesian lime may be us$ ^u ri* soils1#aaa seems to be ow+ to ! circum/ance1 t ! decomposition ( ! manure 9 !m supplies c>bonic acid1 & ?us conv]ts x into a mild c>bonate4 ,besides be+ us$ 9 ! =ms ( lime & c>bonate ( lime1 calc>e\s matt] is appli$ = ! purposes ( agriculture 9 o!r comb9ations4 ,! pr9cipal body ( ?is k9d is gypsum1 or sulphate ( lime2 respect+ ! uses & op]ation ( :i* v discordant op9ions h be5 =m$4 #aaa ,^! facts h be5 confirm$ by agriculturi/s1 :o c\ld n possibly h _h any fav\rite !ory to support4 ,dr4 ,f5wick tells u1 7,essays on ,calc>e\s ,manures1 p4 #aa4 #agih17 t 9 ! c\nty ( ,durham1 ! f>m]s always di/+ui% betwe5 hot & mild limes4 ,!y nev] apply ! =m] to exhau/$ l&s1 or to any soil t has be5 long "u a c\rse ( tillage1 unless x be v deep & ri*4 ,9 peaty soils1 & 9 new1 s\r1 & wild l&s1 ! hot limes1 on ! contr>y1 are pref]r$ to ! mild ones4 ,dr4 ,f5wick made "s exp]im5ts to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 ^! v>ieties ( lime2 & ?\gh he fail$ to discov] t by analysis :i* ,mr4 ,t5nant subsequ5tly asc]ta9$1 he nev]!less arriv$ at a j conclusion by simple obs]vation2 & 0 l$ to believe1 t :at f>m]s t]m hot limes1 are su* z re-absorb _! fix$ air m sl[ly1 & !re=e cont9ue long] to ex]t ! peculi> action ( quicklime4 ,its b5eficial op]ation has be5 ref]r$ to two causes1 viz4 to its p[] ( attract+ moi/ure f ! air1 or to its assi/+ ! putrefaction ( animal sub/ances2 b ,davy has %[n by exp]im5ts t nei!r ( ^! !ories c be support$ by facts4 ,! mo/ extraord9>y circum/ance p]haps connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ?is m9]al manure1 is ! v opposite op9ions :i* h be5 =m$ respect+ its value4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 al?\gh !re are v>i\s te/imonies 9 its fav\r1 x has nev] be5 employ$ ) ! signal success :i* m>k$ its adoption 9 ,am]ica1 & :i* 0 s palpable & extraord9>y z at once to h ensur$ its univ]sal introduction4 ,i 0 "s ye>s s9ce assur$ by ,mr4 ,maclure ( ,philadelphia1 t :5ev] any d\bt or hesitation betray$ itself ) respect to its f]tiliz+ ag5cy1 x 0 only necess>y to spr9kle a small quantity 9 a mead[1 to satisfy ! mo/ sceptical2 & t ?is 0 usually done 9 ! =m ( lett]s or *>act]s1 :i* 9 a %ort "t became s mu* m luxuriant ?an ! surr\nd+ grass1 z to be visible at a consid]able di/ance4 ,x is1 ,i und]/&1 *iefly appli$ to grass l&s z a top-dress+2 & ! ,am]ican f>m]s#aab expla9 its op]ation ^u its solubility 9 wat]1 & its consequ5t absorption by ! roots ( ! grass4 ,davy1 9 exam9+ ! a%es ( sa9fo91 clov]1 & rye-grass1 :i* _h gr[n 9 soils manur$ by gypsum1 f\nd consid]able quantities ( t sub/ance2 & he ?9ks x probable t x 0 intimately connect$ ) _! woody fibre4 ,he attempts to expla9 ! reason :y ! application ( gypsum is n g5]ally efficaci\s1 by suppos+ t mo/ ( ! cultivat$ soils may already conta9 x 9 suffici5t quantities = ! use ( ! grasses4 ,i /rongly suspect1 h[ev]1 t x w be h]eaft] discov]$ to dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! soil 9 its hygrometric relations4 ,f ! facts already record$1 x w\ld appe> t x nev] answ]s ne> ! sea1 nor 9 wet l&s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( its solubility1 x is enabl$ to p5etrate & p]vade ! :ole vegetable /ructure2 & ! exp]im5ts ( ,davy h prov$ its pres5ce 9 ! a%es ( plants expos$ to its op]ation1 & h r5d]$ x probable t x ent]s into union ) _! woody fibre1 by :i* ! d5sity ( _! textures w be increas$1 & consequ5tly ! evaporation f _! leaves dim9i%$2 ,i am f su* consid]ations induc$ to ?9k t gypsum does n act by effect+ any *emical *ange 9 ! soil1 b solely by dim9i%+ ! plants evaporation4 ,?is idea seems to be borne out by ! evid5ce furni%$ by ! diff]5t circum/ances att5d+ ! op]ation ( ?is manure3 we f9d1 = example1 t succul5t vegetables1 plant$ on dry soils1 are ^? :i* are pr9cipally b5efit$ by its application1 & t ! v>i\s grasses s manur$ reta9 _! v]dure1 ev5 9 ! drye/ season & on ! mo/ arid l&s2 at ! same "t1 we f9d t ^! crops1 especially clov]1 acquire a proportionate increase 9 ! d5sity ( _! fibres1 t is to say1 t !y become mu* m rank & /ubborn1 & (t5 to su* a degree does ?is take place1 t 9 ,am]ica1 :]e its effects are be/ und]/ood1 %eep n uncommonly refuse to fe$ ^u !m4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple we f9d t1 "u circum/ances or 9 situations :]e ! evaporation ( a plant is provid$ = by a con/ant supply ( moi/ure1 ! effects ( gypsum cease to be app>5t4 #aab ,:5 ?is sub/ance 0 fir/ introduc$ into ,am]ica1 :i* is ne>ly =ty ye>s s9ce1 x 0 import$ f ! qu>ries ( ,montm>tre1 & 9 su* reque/ 0 x1 t a bu%el ( :eat 0 usually giv5 = ! same measure ( gypsum3 x is n[1 ,i believe1 obta9$ f ,nova ,scotia2 ,i h n he>d t x has be5 f\nd )9 ! ,/ates4 ,x may p]haps s]ve to convey "s idea ( ! ext5t to :i* x has be5 appli$1 :5 ,i /ate1 t ,mr4 ,maclure assur$ me t n less ?an ?ree hundr$ vessels are con/antly employ$ 9 ! traffic1 & t 9 ,philadelphia tw5ty m]*ants1 at lea/1 are engag$ 9 supply+ ! dem& = x4 ,its efficacy appe>s to be consid]ably increas$ by apply+ x 9 a m9ute /ate ( division2 & a want ( att5tion to ?is circum/ance may possibly h be5 "o ( ! causes :i* h r5d]$ its advantages less conspicu\s 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ?ree or f\r hundr$ mills1 ( a peculi> con/ruction1 h be5 erect$ 9 diff]5t p>ts = ! purpose ( gr9d+ x4 ,davy h9ts at a process by :i* gypsum may be =m$ 9 a soil conta9+ sulphate ( iron1 by ! action ( calc>e\s manure1#aac & :i* 0 fir/ po9t$ out by ,dr4 ,pe>son4 ,i c confirm ?is /atem5t by ! results ( exp]im5ts ,i =m]ly made 9 ,cornwall1 :]e soil conta9+ ?is salt ( iron _h be5 manur$ by %elly s&4 #aac ,gypsum is readily produc$ by ! admixture ( decompos+ pyrites & calc>e\s matt]3 9 pro( ( :i* ! ,m9]alogi/ c produce specim5s ( oy/] %ells /udd$ ) cry/als ( sel5ite f ,%otov]2 & alum f ! alum9\s %ale at ! ,hurlet ,m9e ne> ,glasg[4 ,9 pursu+ 8 enquiry into ! efficacy ( m9]al manure1 ,davy proce$s to inve/igate ! efficacy ( ! fix$ alkalies1 & obs]ves t _! g5]al t5d5cy is to give solubility to vegetable matt]s1 & 9 ?is way to r5d] c>bonace\s & o!r sub/ances capable ( be+ tak5 up by ! tubes 9 ! radical fibres ( plants4 ,! vegetable alkali has likewise a /rong attraction = wat]1 & ev5 9 small quantities may t5d to give a due degree ( moi/ure to ! soil1 or to o!r manures4 ,he consid]s t pure salt may act1 l gypsum1 phosphate ( lime1 & ! alkalies1 by ent]+ into ! composition ( ! plant4 ,^u ! subject ( salt1 h[ev]1 8 rem>ks are v meagre & unsatisfactory3 at ! "t he compos$ 8 lecture1 ! subject _h n excit$ t public att5tion :i* ! writ+s ( ,mr4 ,p>kes1 ,sir ,?omas ,b]n>d1 & o!rs1 h s9ce awak5$4 ,_h our philosoph] und]tak5 ! agricultural survey ( ,cornwall1 8 lecture on m9]al manure mu/ h be5 v consid]ably ext5d$4 ,he w\ld h le>nt t v>i\s rocks r$uc$ to small fragm5ts1 are commonly appli$ z dress+2 he w\ld h expla9$ ! cause ( ! f]tility s g5]ally associat$ ) hornbl5de rocks2--he w\ld h speculat$ ^u ! influ5ce ( iron 9 giv+ fruitfulness2 & above all1 he w\ld h taught ! agriculturi/ ! sci5tific use ( calc>e\s s&1 by po9t+ out ! description ( l&s :i* are mo/ likely to be b5efit$ by its application4 ,! ,,eigh? ,,lecture concludes ! subject ( ! *emi/ry ( ,agriculture1 by e/abli%+ ! !ory ( ! op]ation ( burn+ l&s4 ,he consid]s ! process to be useful 9 r5d]+ ! soil less compact1 & less t5aci\s & ret5tive ( moi/ure2 & t1 :5 prop]ly appli$1 x is capable ( conv]t+ a matt] t 0 /iff1 damp1 & cold1 into "o p[d]y1 dry1 & w>m1 & mu* m prop] z a b$ = vegetable life4 ,he /ates ! great objection made by speculative *emi/s to p>+ & burn+1 to be ! unavoidable de/ruction ( vegetable & animal matt]1 or ! manure ( ! soil2 b he consid]s t1 9 ^? cases 9 :i* ! texture ( its e>?y +r$i5ts is p]man5tly improv$1 !re is m ?an a comp5sation = s tempor>y a disadvantage2 & t 9 "s soils1 :]e !re is an excess ( in]t vegetable matt]1 ! de/ruction ( x mu/ be b5eficial1 & t ! c>bonace\s matt] rema9+ 9 ! a%es may be m useful to ! crop ?an ! vegetable fibre f :i* x 0 produc$4 ,9 ?is view ( ! subject x is evid5t1 t all poor silice\s s&s mu/ be injur$ by ! op]ation2 & "h1 says ,davy1 practice is f\nd to accord ) !ory4 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,"y1 9 8 ,essay on ,manures1 /ates1 't he f\nd burn+ injure s&2' & ! op]ation is nev] p]=m$ by good agriculturi/s ^u silice\s s&y soils1 aft] !y h be5 once br\ght into cultivation4 ,an intellig5t f>m] 9 ,m\nt's ,bay told me1 t he _h p>$ & burn$ a small field sev]al ye>s ago1 :i* he _h n be5 able to br+ aga9 into good condition4 ,i exam9$ ! spot1--! grass 0 v poor & scanty1 & ! soil an arid silice\s s&4 ,irrigation1 or wat]+ l&1 is a practice1 he obs]ves1 :i* at fir/ view appe>s ! rev]se ( torrefaction2 &1 9 g5]al1 ! op]ation ( wat] 9 nature is to br+ e>?y sub/ances into an extreme /ate ( division4 ,b 9 ! artificial wat]+ ( mead[s1 ! b5eficial effects may dep5d ^u _m diff]5t causes1 "s *emical1 "s me*anical4 ,x may act z a simple supply ( moi/ure to ! roots1 or x may c>ry into ! soil =eign matt]1 or diffuse t :i* exi/s 9 x m equally ?r\gh its sub/ance4 ,he concludes ) "s valuable sci5tific obs]vations ^u ! process ( fall[+1 by :i* he attempts to correct ! prejudices :i* h exi/$ ) reg>d to its b5efits4 ,he po9ts out1 on ! o!r h&1 ! great advantages ( ! conv]tible sy/em ( husb&ry1 by :i* ! :ole ( ! manure is employ$2 & ^? p>ts ( x :i* are n fitt$ = "o crop1 rema9 z n\ri%m5t = ano!r4 ,^! views he illu/rates by a ref]5ce to ! c\rse ( crops adopt$ by ,mr4 ,coke1 9 :i* ! turnip is ! fir/ 9 ! ord] ( succession2 & ?is crop is manur$ ) rec5t dung1 :i* imm$iately af=ds suffici5t soluble matt] = its n\ri%m5t2 & ! heat produc$ 9 f]m5tation assi/s ! g]m9ation ( ! se$ & ! gr[? ( ! plant4 ,aft] turnips1 b>ley ) grass se$s is s[n2 & ! l& hav+ be5 little exhau/$ by ! turnip crop1 af=ds ! soluble p>ts ( ! decompos+ manure to ! gra94 ,! grasses1 rye-grass1 & clov] rema91 :i* d]ive a small "p only ( _! organiz$ matt] f ! soil1 & probably consume ! gypsum 9 ! manure :i* w\ld be useless to o!r crops2 ^! plants likewise1 by _! l>ge sy/em ( leaves1 absorb a consid]able quantity ( n\ri%m5t f ! atmosph]e2 & :5 pl\gh$ 9 at ! end ( two ye>s1 ! decay ( _! roots & leaves af=ds manure = ! :eat crop2 & at ?is p]iod ( ! c\rse1 ! woody fibre ( ! f>m-y>d manure1 :i* conta9s ! phosphate ( lime & ! o!r difficultly soluble p>ts1 is brok5 d[n2 & z soon z ! mo/ exhau/+ crop is tak51 rec5t manure is aga9 suppli$4 ,at ! end ( 8 sy/em is add$ an ,app5dix1 conta9+ ,an ,acc\nt ( ! results ( ,exp]im5ts on ! produce & nutritive qualities ( ! ,grasses & o!r plants us$ z ! food ( animals2 in/itut$ by ,john ,duke ( ,b$=d4 ,b z ^! exp]im5ts d n admit ei!r ( abridgem5t or analysis1 ! read] mu/ ref] to ! orig9al s\rce = in=mation4 ,i %all conclude ?is long1 &1 ,i fe>1 some:at t$i\s review1 ) ! animat$ appeal s e>ne/ly address$ by ! illu/ri\s au?or to ! philosophical read]s ( 8 "w4 ,i tru/ t ! enquiry w be pursu$ by o!rs2 & t 9 proportion z *emical philosophy advances t[>ds p]fection1 x w af=d new aids to agriculture3 !re are suffici5t motives connect$ bo? ) pleasure & pr(it1 to enc\rage +5i\s m5 to pursue ?is new pa? ( inve/igation4 ,sci5ce _c long be despis$ by any p]sons z ! m]e speculation ( !ori/s1 b mu/ soon be consid]$ by all ranks ( m5 9 its true po9t ( view1 z ! ref9em5t ( common s5se guid$ by exp]i5ce1 gradually sub/itut+ s\nd & rational pr9ciples = vague popul> prejudices4 ,! soil (f]s inexhau/ible res\rces1 :i*1 :5 prop]ly appreciat$ & employ$1 mu/ increase our weal?1 our population1 & our physical /r5g?4 ,we possess advantages 9 ! use ( ma*9]y1 & ! division ( lab\r1 belong+ to no o!r nation4 ,& ! same en]gy ( "*1 ! same ext5t ( res\rces1 :i* h always di/+ui%$ ! p ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s1 & made !m excel 9 arms1 comm]ce1 lett]s1 & philosophy1 apply ) ! happie/ effects to ! improvem5t ( ! cultivation ( ! e>?4 ,no?+ is impossible to lab\r1 aid$ by +5uity4 ,! true objects ( ! agriculturi/ are likewise ^? ( ! patriot4 ,m5 value mo/ :at !y h ga9$ ) ef=t2 a j confid5ce 9 _! own p[]s results f success2 !y love _! c\ntry bett]1 because !y h se5 x improv$ by _! own tal5ts & indu/ry2 & !y id5tify ) _! int]e/s ! exi/5ce ( ^? in/itutions :i* h af=d$ !m security1 indep5d5ce1 & ! multipli$ enjoym5ts ( civiliz$ life4 ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,volume4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,samuel ,,b5tley1 ,dorset ,/reet1 ,fleet ,/reet4 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,m9or spell+ & punctuation inconsi/5cies1 & hyph5at$ words1 h be5 h>moniz$4 ,! =matt+ ( ! lett]s has be5 regul>iz$4 ,e ef=t to deciph] ! h& writt5 lett] by ,sir ,humphry ,davy has be5 made1 h[ev]1 !re are no gu>antees t x is correct4