,,all ,,about ,,dogs ,a ,book for ,doggy ,people ,,by ,,charles ,,henry ,,lane ,breeder1 ,exhibitor1 ,judge ,illustration3 ,pellissier ,allen1 ,ph4 ,sc4 ,chas4 ,h4 ,lane ,,all ,,about ,,dogs ,a ,,book ,,for ,,doggy ,,people ,by ,,charles ,,henry ,,lane ,breeder1 ,exhibitor1 ,judge ,,with ,,eighty-,,seven ,,illustrations ,,of ,,the ,,most ,,celebrated ,,champions ,,of ,,our ,,time ,,drawn ,,from ,,life ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,moore ,illustration3 ,a variety of dogs4 ,,john ,,lane ,,london ,,and ,,new ,,york #aija ,copyright by ,,john ,,lane #aijj ,,riggs ,,printing ,,co4 ,,albany1 ,n4,y41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,to his fellow lovers and admirers of ,dogs throughout the ,world1 ,,this ,,little ,,book is respectfully ,dedicated by the ,author1 in the earnest hope that it may be the means of stimulating and increasing their appreciation of the most faithful1 devoted and reliable ,,friend of the ,human ,race4 ,,illustrations ,,frontispiece4 ,,photogravure ,,of ,,the ,,author4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,variety4 ,,name ,,of ,,animal4 ,,name ,,of ,,owner4 ,page4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,staghound ,ruby ,h4 ,m4 ,queen ,victoria #g-h ,foxhound ,marksman ,pytchley ,hunt #aa-ab ,harrier ,traveller ,aldenham ,kennels #ag-ah ,beagle 7large7 ,ch4 ,ringwood ,f4 ,warde #ba-bb ,beagle 7pocket7 ,little ',un ,f4 ,b4 ,lord #ba-bb ,bloodhound ,ch4 ,nestor ,mark ,beaufoy1 ,m4 ,p4 #be-bf ,otterhound ,ch4 ,safety ,dumfries4 ,otter ,hunt #bi-cj ,great ,dane ,ch4 ,hannibal of ,mrs4 ,h4 ,l4 ,horsfall #cg-ch ,redgrave ,pointer ,ch4 ,devonshire ,dan ,miss ,reston #da-db ,setter 7,eng47 ,ch4 ,rock ,james ,fletcher #dg-dh ,setter 7,gor47 ,ch4 ,marquis ,thomas ,jacobs #ea-eb ,setter 7,ir47 ,ch4 ,garryowen ,j4 ,j4 ,giltrap #ee-ef ,retriever ,ch4 ,right ,away ,s4 ,e4 ,shirley #ei-fj 7flat ct47 ,retriever ,ch4 ,tiverton ,best ,saml4 ,darbey #fc-fd 7curly ct47 ,lad ,spaniel 7,ir4 ,w47 ,ch4 ,shaun ,col4 the ,hon4 ,w4 le #fg-fh ,poer ,trench ,spaniel ,sandringham ,bustler ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the ,prince #ga-gb 7,clumber7 of ,wales1 ,k4 ,g4 ,spaniel 7,sussex7 ,ch4 ,bridford ,giddie ,moses ,woolland #gc-gd ,spaniel 7,black7 ,ch4 ,bridford ,brill't ,moses ,woolland #gg-gh ,spaniel 7,cocker7 ,ch4 ,ted ,obo ,j4 ,farrow #hc-hd ,basset 7smooth7 ,ch4 ,louis le ,beau ,mrs4 ,m4 ,tottie #he-hf ,basset 7rough7 ,beauty ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,prince of #hi-ij ,wales1 ,k4 ,g4 ,dachshund ,ch4 ,wiseacre ,e4 ,s4 ,woodiwiss #ia-ib ,greyhound ,ch4 ,real ,jam ,s4 ,woodiwiss #ig-ih ,deerhound ,ch4 ,selwood ,dhouran ,robt4 ,hood ,wright #aja-ajb ,wolfhound 7,ir47 ,ch4 ,sheelah ,capt4 ,graham #ajc-ajd ,borzois ,ch4 ,alex ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the #ajg-ajh ,princess of ,wales ,whippet ,ch4 ,enterprise ,h4 ,vickers #aaa-aab ,fox ,ter ,belgrave ,joe ,luke ,turner #aae-aaf 7sm old type7 ,fox ,ter ,ch4 ,claude ,duval ,george ,raper #aai-abj 7sm mod type7 ,fox ,ter ,ch4 ,lory ,author #aba-abb 7wr old type7 ,fox ,ter ,ch4 ,roper's ,sir ,h4 de ,trafford1 #abc-abd 7wr mod type7 ,nut-crack ,bt4 ,dandie ,ch4 ,blacket-,house ,mrs4 ,rayner #abg-abh ,yet ,skye ,ch4 ,ballochmy le ,sir ,c4 ,alexander1 #aca-acb 7drop eared7 ,bashful ,bt4 ,skye ,ch4 of ,ch4 ,duchess ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j4 ,hughes #ace-acf 7prick eared7 ,scottish ,ter ,ch4 ,killdee4 ,h4 ,j4 ,ludlow #acg-ach ,st4 ,bernard ,ch4 ,sir ,bedivere ,samuel ,smith #ade-adf 7rough7 ,st4 ,bernard ,ch4 ,guide ,j4 ,f4 ,smith #adi-aej 7smooth7 ,newfoundland ,ch4 ,wolf of ,badenoch ,mrs4 ,ingleton #aea-aeb 7black7 ,newfoundland ,ch4 ,kettering ,wonder ,lady ,tollemache #aec-aed 7black and white7 ,mastiff ,ch4 ,beaufort ,w4 ,k4 ,taunton #aeg-aeh ,dalmatian ,ch4 ,berolina ,e4 ,t4 ,parker #aei-afj 7blk4 sptd7 ,dalmatian ,ch4 ,fauntleroy ,w4 ,b4 ,herman #afc-afd 7liv4 sptd7 ,collie 7rough7 ,lochiel ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the #afg-afh ,princess of ,wales ,collie 7smooth7 ,ch4 ,lady ,nellie ,author #aga-agb ,old ,eng4 ,shp4 ,dog,ch4 ,cupid's ,dart ,f4 ,w4 ,wilmot #age-agf ,bull ,dog 7large7 ,ch4 ,blackberry ,saml4 ,woodiwiss #aha-ahb ,bull ,dog 7medium7,ch4 ,barney ,barnato ,g4 ,r4 ,sims #ahe-ahf ,bull ,dog 7small7 ,ch4 ,lady ,rozelle ,author #ahi-aij ,bull ,terrier ,ch4 ,sherbourne ,q'n ,w4 ,j4 ,pegg #aia-aib ,boston ,terrier ,turpin ,miss ,j4 ,tozier #aie-aif ,irish ,terrier ,ch4 ,ted ,malone ,mrs4 ,butcher #aig-aih ,airedale ,terrier ,ch4 ,dumbarton ,lass ,a4 ,e4 ,jennings #bja-bjb ,bedlington ,ch4 ,clyde ,boy ,r4 ,h4 ,smith #bjc-bjd ,terrier ,welsh ,terrier ,ch4 ,brynhir ,burner ,w4 ,s4 ,glynn #bjg-bjh ,black ,tan ,ch4 ,starkie ,ben ,lt4-,col4 ,c4 ,s4 ,dean #bji-baj ,terrier ,white ,eng4 ,ch4 ,eclipse ,j4 ,walsh #bac-bad ,terrier ,poodle 7corded7 ,ch4 ,model ,mad'me ,dagois #bba-bbb ,poodle 7curly7 ,ch4 ,rufus ,mrs4 ,robt4 ,long #bbc-bbd ,pomeranian ,ch4 ,koenig of ,miss ,hamilton #bbg-bbh 7large7 ,rozelle ,pomeranian ,marco ,h4 ,m4 ,queen ,victoria #bbi-bcj 7med7 ,pomeranian ,ch4 ,brilliant ,jno4 ,duckworth #bcc-bcd 7sm med7 ,pomeranian 7toy7 ,ch4 of ,ch4 ,pr4 ,miss ,ada de ,pass #bcg-bch ,tina ,pug 7fawn7 ,ch4 ,york ,mrs4 ,grelliche #bci-bdj ,pug 7black7 ,ch4 ,pr4 ,duke ,beira ,miss ,c4 ,f4 ,a4 #bdc-bdd ,jenkinson ,schipperke ,ch4 ,zwarte ,piot4 ,i4 ,n4 ,woodiwiss #bdg-bdh ,king ,charles ,ch4 ,laureate ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,mc,l4 #bdi-bej ,spaniel ,morrison ,blenheim ,spaniel ,ch4 ,rollo ,mrs4 ,forder #bec-bed ,prince ,charles ,ch4 ,victor ,wild ,h4 ,taylor #bee-bef ,spanl ,ruby ,spaniel ,ch4 ,jasper ,mrs4 ,woodgate #bei-bfj ,japanese ,spaniel ,ch4 of ,ch4 ,dai ,butzu ,mrs4 ,addis #bfa-bfb ,sm4 ,toy ,terrier ,ch4 ,mascotte ,model ,mrs4 ,monk #bfe-bff ,yorksh4 ,toy ,ch4 ,ashton ,queen ,mdes ,walton ,beard #bfg-bfh ,terrier ,maltese ,terrier ,ch4 ,pixie ,john ,jacobs #bga-bgb ,griffon ,marquis de ,carabas ,count ,h4 de ,bylandt #bgc-bgd ,bruxelles ,toy ,bull ,dog ,rabot de ,beaubourg ,monsieur ,petit #bgg-bgh ,toy ,bull ,terrier ,lily ,author #bgi-bhj ,italian ,ch4 ,larkfield ,p4 ,turner #bha-bhb ,greyhound ,leveret ,norwegian ,jaeger ,lady ,cathcart #bhg-bhh ,elkhound ,afghan ,greyhound ,shahzada ,j4 ,whitbread #bhi-bij ,thibet ,sheep ,dog ,siring ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the ,prince #bic-bid of ,wales1 ,k4 ,g4 ,esquimaux ,ch4 ,arctic ,king ,mrs4 ,h4 ,c4 ,brooke #bie-bif ,chow ,chow ,ch4 ,chow #hth ,mrs4 ,faber #bii-cjj ,dingo ,ch4 ,myall ,mrs4 ,h4 ,c4 ,brooke #cja-cjb ,chinese ,crested ,chinese ,emperor ,w4 ,k4 ,taunton #cje-cjf ,dog ,lapland ,sledge ,perla ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,prince #cji-caj ,dog of ,wales1 ,k4 ,g4 ,dogue de ,ch4 ,sans ,peur ,mrs4 ,h4 ,c4 ,brooke 444 ,bordeaux ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,contents ,,part ,i ,,chap4 ,,page ,preface iii ,introduction v ,i4 ,a ,few ,words ,about ,dogs in ,general #a ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,sport ,,ii4 ,staghounds1 ,foxhounds1 ,harriers1 ,beagles #i ,,iii4 ,bloodhounds1 ,otterhounds1 ,great ,danes #bg ,,iv4 ,pointers1 ,setters1 ,retrievers #dc ,v4 ,sporting ,spaniels1 ,basset ,hounds1 ,dachshunds #fi ,,vi4 ,greyhounds1 ,scottish ,deerhounds1 ,irish ,wolfhounds1 ,borzois1 ,whippets #ii ,,terriers ,,used ,,in ,,sport ,,vii4 ,fox1 ,dandie ,dinmonts1 ,skyes1 ,scottish #aag ,,part ,,ii ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,work ,,viii4 ,st4 ,bernards1 ,newfoundlands1 ,mastiffs1 ,dalmatians #adg ,,ix4 ,sheep ,dogs3--,rough ,collies1 ,smooth ,collies1 ,old ,english #afi ,x4 ,bull ,dogs1 ,bull ,terriers1 ,boston ,terriers #agi ,,xi4 ,terriers1--,irish1 ,airedale1 ,bedlington1 ,black and ,tan1 ,old ,english #aii ,,part ,,iii ,,performing ,,and ,,toy ,,breeds ,,xii4 ,poodles1 ,pomeranians1 ,pugs1 ,schipperkes #bai ,,xiii4 ,toy ,spaniels1--,king ,charles1 ,prince ,charles1 ,ruby1 ,blenheim1 ,japanese #bde ,,xiv4 ,terriers1--,toy1 ,smooth ,black and ,tan1 ,yorkshire1 ,maltese1 ,griffons ,bruxelles #bfc ,,xv4 ,toy ,bull ,dogs1 ,toy ,bull ,terriers1 ,italian ,greyhounds #bge ,,part ,,iv ,,xvi4 ,something ,about ,foreign ,dogs #bia ,,xvii4 ,humours and ,vagaries of the ,show ,rings #caa ,,xviii4 to ,anecdotes ,about ,dogs1 ,personal and ,selected #cbb ,,xxiii4 ,,xxiv4 ,a ,few ,words ,about ,general ,management and ,some ,simple ,maladies1 to ,which ,dogs are ,subject and ,their ,treatment #chi ,part ,i ,,contents ,,part ,i ,,chap4 ,,page ,preface iii ,introduction v ,i4 ,a ,few ,words ,about ,dogs in ,general #a ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,sport ,,ii4 ,staghounds1 ,foxhounds1 ,harriers1 ,beagles #i ,,iii4 ,bloodhounds1 ,otterhounds1 ,great ,danes #bg ,,iv4 ,pointers1 ,setters1 ,retrievers #dc ,v4 ,sporting ,spaniels1 ,basset ,hounds1 ,dachshunds #fi ,,vi4 ,greyhounds1 ,scottish ,deerhounds1 ,irish ,wolfhounds1 ,borzois1 ,whippets #ii ,,terriers ,,used ,,in ,,sport ,,vii4 ,fox1 ,dandie ,dinmonts1 ,skyes1 ,scottish #aag ,,preface ,i am told1 it is indispensable there should be a ,preface to this little work2 but ,i am quite at a loss what to put in it4 ,what ,i had to say on the subject upon which it treats1 ,i have said in the book1 and ,i am not aware of any thing ,i wish to add or withdraw4 ,i can only hope the perusal of the book may afford as much pleasure to my readers as the writing it has given me1 in recalling pleasant memories of many friends1 both two and four-footed1 some of whom have long since joined the majority4 ,as recording the impressions of one who has had considerable practical experience with many varieties of the canine race1 and been brought into constant contact with the best specimens1 ,i think my book is somewhat out of the usual run of doggy books4 ,while in no wise seeking to produce a scientific treatise1 nor yet a natural history1 in the ordinary acceptation of the term1 my wish has been so to write on the subject as to stir up in the minds of any of my readers1 unacquainted with the many charms possessed by dogs1 a desire to adopt some kind of dog as a companion and friend1 and to confirm the affection and regard of my multitudinous dog-loving friends1 so that they may be disposed to extend the borders of their fancy1 and possibly be interested and amused by some of the humours and vagaries of the ,show ,rings or the ,doggy ,anecdotes4 ,these1 when they are not within my personal knowledge1 ,i have endeavoured to verify1 so as to avoid the ,fairy ,tales we sometimes read under the title of ,doggy ,stories4 ,before closing these remarks1 ,i must express my deep gratitude1 to my friend ,mr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,moore1 who has given my book the inestimable advantage of his talented pencil1 in portraying so many excellent1 and truthful portraits of the ,lights of the ,canine ,world1 including more than sixty ,champions1 of their respective varieties4 ,i am not aware that such a number of ,canine ,celebrities has ever before been gathered together in one volume1 and they represent some of the best pictures of dogs ,i have ever seen1 even of ,mr4 ,moore's1 and1 ,i think most dog lovers will acknowledge that he is particularly happy in hitting off the expressions1 and catching the actual likeness of his subjects1 most kindly taking up the matter for me1 when very much pressed with other commissions1 not only giving me the benefit of his valuable advice in the selection of the most distinguished1 and typical1 specimens for the different varieties procurable1 but entered into the work with the utmost ardour1 and zeal2 ,i feel therefore more indebted to him than ,i can express1 for enabling me to present to the ,public such an interesting and1 ,i hope1 instructive ,picture ,gallery of ,dogs of the present day4 ,with these few words ,i commend my little book to the troublous waters of public favour4 ,,introduction ,i suppose1 if we take the whole of the ,animal ,kingdom1 in any way associated with man1 either as companion1 or helper1 there is none to compare1 in popularity1 with the subject of these notes2 but yet ,i have often found in conversation1 even with lovers of animals1 very mistaken notions about dogs1 their varieties1 characteristics and peculiarities4 ,i think there are more known and acknowledged varieties of dog1 than of any other of the animals1 we are at all familiar with1 and the ways1 sizes1 appearance and characteristics differ so greatly that it is hardly possible1 one would imagine1 to find any person to whom some kind of a dog would not appeal4 ,i wish1 if possible1 to say something to stir up in the minds of some not hitherto keeping a dog1 the desire to do so1 and whether merely as a guard or companion or with a view to trying to breed some good specimens1 and1 occasionally1 to send to some of the ,exhibitions of ,dogs1 which have so increased in number and quality during the last twenty years1 that ,i have frequently heard it stated1 that taking out ,saturdays and ,sundays1 there is a ,dog ,show being held somewhere or other on every ordinary day in the year6 ,i would strongly advise the obtaining a well-bred dog1 of whatever variety is selected1 as1 not only is it more satisfactory to have about you the best procurable type of any breed you may fancy1 whether dogs or anything else1 but if you want to part with either the originals1 or any of their progeny1 it is usually much easier to find purchasers and at much better prices for what is called pedigree stock1 that is of which the parentage for one or more generations is known1 than when no particulars or references can be given4 ,there are fashions in dogs1 the same as in other things1 and ,i can remember a great many crazes for different breeds of dog4 ,fox ,terriers1 which are smart1 lively1 game little fellows1 well able to adapt themselves to almost any circumstances1 have had a long term of favour1 and are still largely kept1 perhaps as largely as any breed of their size2 another element in their favour1 is their not having much coat1 and so not bringing in much mud upon them1 even in dirty weather1 if kept in the house4 ,this1 of course1 has been rather against ,skye ,terriers1 which are otherwise capital dogs for the house1 full of life and spirit1 but1 to be kept in any order1 they must be occasionally brushed1 or their coats1 which should be hard and straight1 somewhat of the texture and straightness of a horse's tail1 will get matted1 and be a disfigurement1 instead of an ornament4 ,a great movement has existed1 for sometime1 in favour of the ,irish ,terrier1 who should be almost unbroken in reddish-brown colour1 ,i mean with little or no shading1 what is called self colour4 ,this is a good all round breed1 able to follow a horse1 a trap1 be a good guard or companion1 take care of himself in his walks abroad1 or have a turn at anything which comes in his way in the vermin line4 ,two more breeds ,i can strongly recommend to any in doubt as to a suitable dog to take up as household guard or companion4 ,these are the ,scottish ,terrier1 often called the ,die-hard1 or ,aberdeen-,terrier1 a rather cobby1 short legged breed1 with a pointed head1 ears standing straight up1 short back1 and gaily carried tail1 colour generally1 nearly black1 grizzled1 or brindled4 ,i believe ,i brought1 in #ahfh1 the first of the breed ever seen in ,england 7at any rate ,i had not seen one before71 from a place called ,uig1 in the island of ,skye1 and quite a character he was1 and ,i could give many instances of his great sagacity1 and very quaint ways1 during the many years he lived with me4 ,i regret to say he has long gone to the happy hunting grounds4 ,i shall say something more of him amongst the ,anecdotes of ,dogs1 further on4 ,the other breed ,i referred to is the ,dandie ,dinmont ,terrier1 immortalized by ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,for intelligence1 pluck1 faithfulness1 and general adaptability to the ways1 and wishes1 of his owner1 ,i do not know any breed to surpass it4 ,in many cases1 ,i have known a strain of ,dandies kept up for generations1 in families1 and the affection between the dogs1 and their owners1 is so great1 that no money would bring about a parting1 and ,i have often seen pedigrees and genealogical trees of well known strains of ,dandies1 taking them back a dozen generations1 and prized very highly by their owners or breeders4 ,whatever the decision come to by an intending keeper of a dog1 if it is to be an inmate of the house1 and is one of the smaller breeds1 a box or basket should be provided in some place free from draughts1 and after sprinkling either a little sawdust impregnated with disinfectant1 or the disinfectant itself1 put in some straw for a bed1 this is better and less likely to harbour insect life1 than hay1 or any kind of rug1 or mat4 ,but if the dog is to be kept out of doors1 obtain one of the improved kennels1 with the entrance at the side1 which affords a shelter from the wind1 rain1 and snow1 and have a chain constructed with two or1 preferably1 three swivels in it1 that it cannot become twisted up4 ,many a dog has been injured and even killed by neglect of these little matters4 ,of course1 if convenience can be found1 it is much better not to tie up a dog at all4 ,no dog of mine1 7and ,i have had hundreds during the last twenty-five years1 of almost every known breed7 ever catches sight of a collar or chain1 except at a show1 and1 contrary to the popular idea which ,i have often heard expressed by sympathisers with the dogs on the show benches1 dogs accustomed to exhibition work delight in it1 and the sight of a dog's travelling box or basket1 or the rattle of a chain1 with the show label on it1 is sufficient to cause the wildest excitement amongst my dogs at any time1 each dog hoping it may be his good fortune to go to the show1 which they look upon as great entertainment4 ,i will undertake to say1 that1 if a dozen boxes or baskets are placed in the yard1 with the lids open1 and as many dogs let out of their kennels1 you shall find an occupant in every box1 within five minutes1 and that each shall choose the box he usually travels in6 ,it is far better to enclose your dog1 or dogs1 in one of the many forms of loose boxes1 or kennels1 now procurable of so many firms who cater for dogs' requirements1 something in the way of a kennel1 or sleeping box1 with railed in run attached4 ,one of the neatest and best1 at anything like the price1 7ninety shillings1 if my memory serves me17 ,i have seen1 is made by ,mr4 ,william ,calway1 ,sharpness1 ,gloucestershire1 who has made quite a leading article in his trade1 of this kind of work4 ,another matter to be attended to is1 to give the dog plenty of exercise1 unless the weather positively prevents it4 ,many people seem to fancy1 if a dog is taken into the air1 in a carriage1 or other conveyance1 that this is sufficient1 but1 it is not so1 and the generality of dogs are all the better1 for at least two hours' walking exercise every day1 during which time1 they will nearly1 or quite1 double the distance traversed by their master or mistress1 and perhaps get a drink1 pick up some grass1 or otherwise amuse themselves6 ,as regards water1 dogs do not drink so much as many people suppose1 and it is better to keep a supply1 of course frequently changed1 in the yard outside the kennel1 or sleeping box4 ,dogs1 as a rule1 like a drink when going out or returning from exercise1 more than they do in their own quarters1 and if it be kept there1 particularly when two or more inmates are together1 it is almost sure to be upset1 and make the place look bad1 besides being uncomfortable4 ,a very important matter is the feeding of the dogs4 ,in these days1 when so many firms are producing biscuits1 on purpose to cater for the wants of the vast doggy community1 there is no difficulty in getting some of them1 but1 ,i have found1 in a long experience with dogs1 that1 although almost all breeds will eat dog biscuits--some even take them when given whole1 and chop them up like bones1 even dry--it is better1 in most cases1 to break them up1 about the size of walnuts1 and soak them the day previously to use1 in hot water1 or broth1 or even cold water4 ,if boiled vegetables1 potatoes1 cabbage1 or some such1 be mixed with them afterwards1 it is not only more palatable1 but better for the dogs1 than the biscuit alone1 and occasionally1 say once in a week or ten days1 a little flour of brimstone1 in the proportion of about a teaspoonful for a fair-sized dog1 should be mixed with the food4 ,we know1 ourselves1 that whatever our food1 the most tempting that money could buy1 we should tire of it1 if always the same1 and it is precisely the same with animals1 so that1 the more it is varied1 the better1 even if the change is slight1 and all who have had much to do with dogs1 will know that some dogs1 and even some breeds of dogs1 are very fanciful and capricious in their appetites1 and not always disposed to do well4 ,when dogs are off their feed1 a sheep's head1 boiled1 and then broken up1 and the bones1 meat1 and broth mixed with their ordinary food1 will generally fetch the most dainty feeder2 other dogs are very keen on oatmeal porridge1 made as for human beings1 but1 of course1 with no sugar1 which ,i may say should never be given1 in any form1 to dogs1 as it is an unnatural and injurious food for them1 although they are usually quite willing to eat a lump of sugar at almost any time1 but they are much better without it4 ,milk 7unskimmed1 otherwise it is likely to upset their stomachs71 is also a capital thing for dogs in low condition1 or out of sorts4 ,it is best given cold1 or lukewarm1 after being boiled1 as in its natural state it is thought liable to cause worms1 but1 of course1 this is not always the case4 ,i have also found bovril useful as a pick-me-up1 or appetizer1 for animals on the sick list or those who are bad doers4 ,,all ,,about ,,dogs ,,chapter ,i ,a ,,few ,,words ,,about ,,dogs ,,in ,,general ,in these days of progress1 when the tendency of everyone1 and everything1 seems to be to go ahead and try to outdo all that has been done by everyone else1 in fact1 as we so often see it termed1 to beat the record1 ,i think ,i am stating only the actual fact1 that1 in the history of the world1 dogs were never so highly thought of as they are now1 nor were they ever so catered for1 in a variety of ways1 nor so generally popular4 ,and when we consider the many varieties of the species1 differing as much as is possible in the members of one family1 and the appearance1 habits1 dispositions1 uses and characteristics1 just as various1 it is not to be wondered at that they enjoy such an amount of public favour1 as it must be a strangely constituted human being to whom no breed of dog is acceptable6 ,the numerous packs of stag and foxhounds1 harriers1 beagles1 and other hounds1 kept throughout the ,united ,kingdom1 not only are the means of providing an immense amount of sport for our countrymen1 but are1 also1 directly and indirectly the cause of the great improvements which have been effected in the breed of our horses1 particularly those suited for hunters and cover hacks1 and1 therefore1 the cause1 also1 of the circulation of a vast amount of money in our own country every year1 especially amongst farmers1 millers1 saddlers1 hay and corn dealers1 trainers1 keepers1 kennelmen1 grooms1 helpers and a large number of others1 more or less connected with hunting and its surroundings4 ,to take another branch of the same subject1 just consider what a large body of men are interested and employed in the breeding1 rearing1 and training of the vast number of high class greyhounds1 which are kept in some parts of the country1 not only for the competitions in the important national events1 but1 even for private owners1 who make a hobby of an occasional trial with their dogs4 ,then again1 the great army of keepers1 kennelmen1 and gillies1 kept throughout the kingdom1 to look after and1 in some cases1 to breed1 and break1 the deerhounds1 pointers1 setters1 retrievers1 and spaniels1 which add so much to the pleasure of a true sportsman's daily work amongst game of all kinds1 from deer-stalking to shooting black-cock1 grouse1 partridges1 pheasants1 etc4 7although many persons now-a-days seem to go on the principle of getting a big total of the days1 or weeks' shoot1 and care little for the real pleasure of seeing the dogs work1 and do credit1 or otherwise1 to care and attention devoted to their training71 obtain employment1 and ,i have found them1 as a rule1 a highly respectable class of men1 often generations of the same family being in the service of one family1 and most jealous of the reputation of the master1 his dogs1 and covers4 ,to take some of our other utility dogs1 those of my readers who have visited the cattle market of any large sized town or city1 cannot have failed to notice the dogs which attend the professional drovers there1 many of them rough looking enough1 in all conscience1 but1 as for intelligence1 why1 they are brimful of it1 and willing and able to do wonders with the cattle and sheep in the open1 or on the road afterwards1 understanding the few words said to them1 and eager to carry out their orders1 and although sometimes erring through excess of zeal1 the reverse is seldom the case1 and ,i am pleased to say 7as ,i have known and conversed with many of the men who are acquainted with my love for animals1 and know what numbers ,i have bred and owned71 that the greater part of them value their dogs1 and appreciate their services1 so much so1 that what might be considered really big offers1 have frequently been refused by them4 ,one of them said to me1 ,what good1 sir1 for me to take a ten pound note for ',bess1' ,i couldn't do nothing without she1 and 'twould take me a doose of a time to make another larn to do like she can1 with the beasts1 and that1 let alone her being such a 'pal1' and my missus1 she do think a deal of ,bess1 to be sure sir4 ,i have no doubt1 that a great many varieties of dog have been pressed into the service of the many and some highly accomplished troupes of performing dogs1 which the great increase of music halls throughout the kingdom as well as the continent have brought forward4 ,i have at different times seen ,great ,danes1 ,scotch ,deer ,hounds1 ,dalmatians1 ,poodles1 and many members of some of the ,terrier and ,spaniel families and hosts of undoubted mongrels taking part in these entertainments1 as well as occasionally ,greyhounds and ,collies1 but these were1 ,i think1 exclusively engaged in jumping competitions1 when a sort of steeplechase was arranged4 ,these come under the category of utility dogs1 as they assist their owners in gaining a living1 and the same may be said of the blind men's dogs1 which are a great multitude1 and enjoy freedom from taxation1 on the ground of their value to their helpless owners4 ,another interesting class of utility dogs are those we see at so many of our railway stations and other public places with a small box hanging under their chins1 in which may be placed any donations the charitable are disposed to give to the ,railway ,servants' ,benevolent ,association1 or some other charitable object1 and from the way the animals run up to passengers1 to be noticed1 and wait1 patiently1 while a coin is found1 and placed in their boxes1 gives one the idea they know what is going on1 and that the credit of a good haul at the end of the day1 will be in some measure reflected on the carrier of the collecting box6 ,i have often been surprised to see mentioned1 in the newspapers1 the large sums a single dog has been the means of gathering1 in this way1 for some good object1 and1 for aught ,i know1 there may have been dogs hard at work1 during #ahih-i1 for ,the ,prince of ,wales's ,hospital ,fund1 or other charitable objects6 ,one use to which dogs were formerly put1 as ,turnspits1 and another as beasts of burden1 ,i am pleased to say are no longer allowed by law4 ,i have often1 when a child1 seen them employed in the latter capacity in the ,west of ,england1 drawing small1 usually two-wheeled carts1 with not only the usual market stock and trade utensils1 but sometimes the owner1 in shape of a burly man or woman seated on the top1 and not unfrequently racing along country roads with the owners of similar vehicles1 often with two or three dogs to each1 harnessed in tandem fashion1 the noise and excitement of the cavalcade being very great1 and announcing their approach long before their coming in sight4 ,i am very pleased that both these abuses of dogs have been abolished here1 although as beasts of burden they are still extensively employed on the continent of ,europe1 and1 ,i am bound to say1 ,i have not seen them ill treated1 badly fed1 or seeming neglected4 ,of course1 we know that in the ,arctic regions dogs1 as carriers1 are actual necessaries1 and that locomotion1 difficult and dangerous enough there under any circumstances1 would be simply impossible without the aid of the ,esquimaux dogs1 of which ,i have seen a good deal1 and handled many4 ,they have a dense double coat1 are very wolf-like in expression and shape of head1 with small1 pointed ears1 oblique1 sly-looking eyes1 rather long1 arched necks1 and tails with characteristic curl and carriage4 ,i do not consider them very sociable1 but they would1 ,i dare say1 be all right with persons they knew well4 ,i fancy they are a breed that has never been made much of1 7particularly in their native lands17 by their owners1 but usually get what is popularly known as more kicks than halfpence1 and when off duty1 have often to go on short commons1 or do a little cadging on their own account1 and being thrown on their own resources1 we know 7on the authority of the late immortal ,mr4 ,weller1 ,senr4 evidenced in the case of his well known son ,sam67 has a great tendency to sharpen the wits1 and it is the same with the ,esquimaux dogs1 who always struck me as very suspicious of attentions from strangers1 however well intentioned they may be4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,sport ,,staghounds--,,foxhounds--,,harriers--, ,beagles ,illustration3 ,,staghound ,,ruby ,,royal ,,kennel ,,ascot4 ,,her ,,majesty ,,queen ,,victoria ,,owner4 ,the ,staghound4--,this is not a hound that will require a long dissertation from me4 ,there are but few packs in ,england which hunt the deer at all1 and still less that hunt the wild deer2 these are commonly supposed to be the same as were formerly called ,southern ,hounds1 and as the large tracts of land formerly waste and forest have been gradually brought under cultivation1 the places most available for stag hunting have disappeared4 ,they were celebrated for tongue1 and made plenty of music as they followed the windings of the deer1 but they were not even moderately fast hounds1 and it is a fact1 that no very fleet hounds can be musical4 ,devon1 which has always been a great country for sport1 has1 for many years1 kept up a pack of ,staghounds1 besides others1 as we find ,nimrod states although the going in that county is about the worst in the world1 more hounds are kept in ,devon than in any three counties in ,england4 ,in #ahdi1 ,devon possessed eight established packs of ,foxhounds1 three of other hounds1 the ,staghounds1 and many a ',parish ,pack' kept by subscription4 ,the general run of ,staghounds appear1 both in shape1 style and colour1 like large ,foxhounds1 and are commonly supposed to be formed from drafts from the ,foxhounds too large for those packs4 ,the modern ,staghound is about twenty-four inches high1 or more2 they are seldom so level in colour1 shape1 or kennel likeness1 as you see in first-class packs of ,foxhounds and ,harriers4 ,the ,royal ,buckhounds are an exception2 they are kept in sound condition1 and the best matching pack in the kingdom1 of the prevailing hound colours1 including every marking1 except the blue mottle1 thought to be indicative of the ,harrier cross4 ,the various colours need not be set out here1 nor is it necessary1 in a breed so seldom shown1 to give the points of excellence more fully than to say that great muscular strength1 plenty of bone1 courage1 excellent scenting powers1 and speed1 are indispensable1 as the quarry hunted is usually in as fine condition as a race-horse1 and nearly as fast1 often has been out before on a similar occasion1 knows the country well1 and means giving his pursuers what is vulgarly termed a run for their money6 ,still1 it must be admitted1 unlike the packs of all nations in the middle ages1 the ,staghounds of our times are well disciplined and steady1 and the stag is more fairly hunted than he was1 even in the reign of ,queen ,elizabeth1 so often described1 7although ,i am bound to say ,i am not included amongst her admirers7 as ,good ,queen ,bess6 ,illustration3 ,,foxhound ,,marksman ,,pytchley ,,hunt4 ,the ,foxhound4--,i do not propose to go very deeply into the history of this well-known and highly popular breed1 or enter into its supposed origin1 about which there is so much difference of opinion4 ,when one remembers the great number of packs of ,foxhounds in the ,united ,kingdom1 supported either by private enterprise 7like that of the late lamented ,duke of ,beaufort1 ,k4 ,g41 who1 for such a number of years1 bore the burden of providing sport1 over a large area1 in the ,west of ,england1 four and five days a week throughout the hunting seasons2 in later years so ably seconded in his efforts by his son1 the present ,duke17 or by subscription1 we cannot fail to recognise the fact1 that this breed of dog has done much to keep sportsmen in touch with each other in our land1 been the means of circulating a vast amount of money in a great many directions1 and had a very important influence on the breeding of ,hunters and ,coverhacks1 for which the ,united ,kingdom holds such a high reputation4 ,beckford1 who has been considered one of the highest authorities on hunting1 says3--,without taking upon me to describe what requisites may be necessary to form a good ,prime ,minister1 ,i will describe some of those which are essentially necessary towards making a perfect ,huntsman2 qualities which1 ,i will venture to say1 would not disgrace more brilliant situations1 such as clear head1 nice observation1 quick apprehension1 undaunted courage1 strength of constitution1 activity of body1 a good ear1 and a melodious voice4 ,in speaking of the ,foxhound1 he goes on to say1 ,if he is not of perfect symmetry1 he will neither run fast1 or bear much work1 and describes him as follows3--,let his legs be straight as arrows1 his feet round1 and not too large2 his chest deep1 and back broad2 his head small1 his neck thin2 his tail thick and brushy2 if he carries it well1 so much the better4 ,such young hounds1 as are out at the elbow1 or weak from the knee to the foot1 should never be taken into the pack4 ,i find that ,i have mentioned a small head as one of the necessary points about a hound1 you will please to understand it1 as relative to beauty only1 for as to goodness1 ,i believe large headed hounds are in no way inferior4 ,as to colour1 there is much diversity of taste2 very often the head and ears are of a brilliant red1 or fallow1 with a white mouth and lips1 and a streak of white1 technically known as a blaze1 down the head1 a white collar and chest1 more or less black markings in blotches1 or a saddle on the body1 and part of tail1 white legs and belly4 ,the rich colour on head has a pleasing effect1 and if the cheeks are tan-marked1 and there is the white blaze before mentioned1 it gives a light character to the head1 or1 if orange is mixed with1 and under1 the black markings1 such would form almost a perfect combination of true hound colouring4 ,i may1 fitly1 conclude my few remarks on this interesting breed with the following description of the desired points3 ,the head should be light1 airy1 sensible1 and1 at the same time1 full of dignity2 it should have a certain amount of chops1 and the forehead slightly wrinkled4 ,the neck should be long and clean2 the least looseness1 or throatiness1 is fatal to appearance4 ,where it joins the head1 it should be fine1 gradually widening to the shoulders4 ,a long neck is most important1 in the breed1 as helping the scent1 whereas1 a short neck1 not only would impede action1 but pace1 also4 ,the ears should be close to the sides of the head and be set on low4 ,the shoulders1 long1 and sloping gracefully4 ,chest deep1 and not too narrow4 ,the elbows well let down1 in a line with the body4 ,the forelegs well clothed with muscle1 straight as darts1 strong in bone from elbows to feet4 ,the ankles1 or pasterns1 must neither turn in1 or out1 nor stand back and should be strong and large4 ,the least tendency in the feet turning out1 is most destructive to endurance and pace1 if any deviation from the straight line1 they should rather turn in4 ,in shape1 they should be round1 not flat1 or fleshy4 ,the divisions1 between the toes1 should be apparent4 ,the soles1 firm1 hard1 and very enduring4 ,the back must be straight1 wide1 and muscular4 ,the loins strong1 square and wide1 with deep1 not flat1 back-ribs4 ,the hindquarters1 very strong and muscular1 with wide appearance from behind1 long as well as large4 ,straight hocks1 rather out than in1 with strong1 short bone from hock to heel4 ,the stern should be gaily carried1 should end in a fine point1 little feathered1 but not actually smooth1 strong at root1 gradually tapering to tips4 ,black1 white and hound-tan1 is perhaps the best colour4 ,when the black is very prominent1 and the tanned markings slight1 the hounds are said to be black and white4 ,when the colours are mixed1 they are said to be pied4 ,hare1 badger1 red1 tan1 and yellow-pies1 are the best1 in that order of merit4 ,the coat should be dense1 although smooth and glossy4 ,the well-shaped foxhound seems1 owing to his well-proportioned frame1 much smaller than he really is4 ,when thoroughly and closely examined1 his beauty and fitness for the work he has to perform1 and the immense amount of speed1 strength1 courage1 and endurance1 he so often requires1 will be fully appreciated by the observant spectator1 even if he cannot be strictly classed amongst ,sportsmen4 ,illustration3 ,,harrier ,,traveller ,,aldenham ,,kennels4 ,the ,harrier4--,while ,i am writing these lines1 ,i have not the statistics before me1 but ,i am certainly under the impression there are not so many packs of ,harriers in the country as there formerly were4 ,the name of ,heirers1 or ,harriers is known to have been given to hounds used for hare hunting in the time of ,king ,henry ,v41 but they were also1 occasionally used for hunting deer6 ,before this1 the same hound was known as the ,brachetis1 or ,bercelettus1 the diminutive from the word ,brache4 ,the breed1 in a more or less coarse form1 has1 undoubtedly existed for ages1 and it is thought by many1 that it is more likely ,foxhounds were derived from it1 than that it was the other way about4 ,the same colours are found amongst ,harriers as with his larger and more numerous comrades1 but usually1 for some reason1 not disclosed1 more of the pied1 7particularly the hare-pied1 yellow and white1 shaded with black or grey on the back or saddle7 and the sort of dapple1 or freckle1 generally termed blue mottle1 is thought to be peculiar to ,harrier blood1 and that1 when it makes its appearance amongst any other of the hounds1 it shows a cross of ,harrier blood1 somewhere in the strain6 ,this colour is often accompanied with hound-tan markings on head1 and black patches on body1 although the latter do not conduce to the beauty of the specimen4 ,some of the packs of ,welsh ,harriers1 which for scenting and working qualities1 are very hard to beat1 are so versatile1 that it is said they will hunt anything with a hairy skin1 unless they are broken from it when young1 and ,i have heard of a pack1 in the ,principality1 which regularly hunts hares1 until ,fox hunting begins1 when the ,green ,coats are exchanged for ,pink1 and they take up the pursuit of ,reynard1 as to the manner born6 ,the height of the ,harrier is a matter of taste4 ,stonehenge puts it at under twenty inches2 probably the average is about eighteen inches4 ,a well-known sportsman in ,dorsetshire1 in #ahga1 speaks of the pack belonging to the late ,mr4 ,t4 ,b4 ,evans1 of ,chettle1 near ,blandford1 which he considered the best he had ever seen1 and consisted of bitches fifteen and a half inches1 combining the blood of the packs of ,messrs4 ,wicksted1 ,hurrell1 ,boughley1 and ,sir ,vincent ,corbet4 ,he goes on to say1 ,the education of this pack is marvellous2 rabbits are frequently left to feed in the kennel1 and occasionally1 ,i am told1 coupled to any reprobates of the pack1 to shame them from molesting them6 ,i have hunted with these hounds1 and have had the very great pleasure of seeing them handled by that supreme master of his art4 ,i have seen these hounds pass by rabbits1 as ,pointers would go through a poultry yard4 ,i have watched them as they spread1 like a fan1 when they were picking out a cold scent1 the worthy master sitting quietly on his cob1 and when they recovered it1 seen them stream away1 with voices like a ,peal of ,bells1 and as close together as a flock of pigeons6 ,i have observed how they followed all the hare's doublings1 and with the true ,harrier instinct1 cast back1 when in perplexity1 never babbling1 skirting1 or puzzling over other stains1 but1 carrying on the line1 until they pulled down their game1 sometimes even1 after a forty-five minutes burst4 ,many sportsmen complain in the present day that ,harriers are becoming too fast to do their work properly1 and that1 this has arisen from crosses with ,foxhounds1 the original variety1 being thought to date back to the old ,southern ,hound1 more remarkable for their great powers of scent1 and hunting quality1 than for pace4 ,illustration3 ,,beagle 7,,large7 ,,ch4 ,,ringwood ,f4 ,,warde ,,owner4 ,,beagle 7,,pocket7 ,,little ',,un ,f4 ,b4 ,,lord ,,owner4 ,beagles4--,this is another breed which is yearly gaining in popularity and is really a miniature hound1 of which there are two varieties1 rough and smooth1 differing only in texture of coat1 and these are subdivided again into different heights1 ranging from under sixteen and over twelve inches to under twelve and over ten inches1 which latter are often called ,pocket ,beagles4 ,the skull should be fairly long and wide1 slightly domed1 with well defined stop2 short and tapering muzzle2 open nostrils and largish nose2 thin long ears hanging folded2 soft large eyes4 ,no dewlap1 but muscular neck1 rather long1 deep chest1 for size2 muscular thighs2 well boned and straight forelegs2 round1 cat-like feet2 stern carried gaily4 ,regular colours of ,foxhounds1 whom they resemble in many ways1 coat flat1 dense1 and close4 ,these are quite picturesque little creatures1 and ,i have known them kept as pets and companions1 but1 of course1 they are supposed to be used for their work as ,sporting ,dogs only1 great numbers of them being kept in different parts of the country1 and hunted as packs1 most of their followers being on foot1 and often accompanied by some of the sportswomen of their districts1 as their pace is not so impetuous as that of their larger brethren4 ,frequently they call forth a considerable following in the parts they travel over1 and many cricketers and others 7,dr4 ,w4 ,g4 amongst others71 who desire to keep in condition during the off season1 habitually attend the nearest meets of ,beagles as an agreeable form of training4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,sport 7,continued7 ,,bloodhounds--,,otter ,,hounds--,,great ,,danes ,illustration3 ,,bloodhound1 ,,ch4 ,,nestor ,,mark ,,beaufoy ,m4 ,p4 ,,owner4 ,i have adopted the above title1 instead of the more usual term of ,sporting ,dogs1 so as to be able to include breeds about which there is a difference of opinion as to whether they are strictly ,sporting ,dogs or not1 and propose in this chapter to say a few words about ,bloodhounds1 ,otter ,hounds and ,great ,danes1 taking them in that order4 ,many of my readers1 as well as ,i1 can remember the time1 within the last thirty years1 when ,bloodhounds were few and far between1 and the entries of this handsome and aristocratic-looking breed were at a low ebb1 even at the best shows4 ,this is no longer the case1 thanks to the enterprise and zeal of a few well-known breeders1 of whom stands in the very front rank1 my friend ,mr4 ,edwin ,brough1 of ,scarborough1 who gained some of his knowledge and experience at the feet of my old friend1 ,mr4 ,edwin ,nichols1 of ,west ,kensington1 who1 as a breeder as well as exhibitor of ,bloodhounds1 ,mastiffs and ,newfoundlands1 was the most successful ,i have ever known and1 in my opinion1 quite unsurpassed as a judge of those breeds and one of the most entertaining companions ,i have ever met4 ,seldom when ,i came across him at any ,dog ,show1 which was very often in the days ,i was an extensive exhibitor1 but that he kept up the company to a late hour with his entertaining stories of men and dogs6 ,i much regret that1 owing to advancing years1 he has discontinued his attendance at the gatherings1 at which he had such troops of friends and where he1 under the title of ,papa-,nichols1 was so universally popular4 ,it is a tradition that the ,bloodhound is identical with the ,sleuth1 or ,slouth1 ,hound 7from the word ,slouth probably meaning scent17 and that he is of a very ancient breed in these ,islands1 used for tracking ,moss ,troopers and other wrong doers in the olden days2 the earliest record of them occurs in ,king ,henry ,,iii4's time1 when they were used in tracking offenders4 ,the most usual colours are shades of rich tan with more or less dark markings on body and head1 which latter is long1 lean and peaked1 the face thin and narrow1 the skin loose and puckered2 long folded and pendulous ears2 broad nose1 expanded nostrils2 long thin1 flabby and pendulous flews2 deep and voluminous dewlap2 sunken1 bloodshot eyes1 and flexible1 active stern1 thick at root1 tapering to a point4 ,the ,hound strikes you as not over large1 but with great character1 quality and much dignity1 well knit2 plenty of bone2 symmetrical1 straight legs2 wide across the back1 full in body1 and back ribs2 and game in temperament2 with fine1 deep sloping shoulders1 and enormously powerful hind quarters4 ,the points associated with the ,bloodhound1 are as follows3--,skull1 long1 narrow and very much peaked1 square1 deep muzzle2 ears1 thin1 long1 set on rather low1 hanging in shapely folds close against the face2 eyes1 deep set1 dark colour and lustrous1 lids1 triangular shaped1 showing the red haw2 flews1 long1 thin1 and pendulous1 the upper overhanging the lower lips2 neck1 rather long and slightly arched towards base of skull1 plenty of dewlaps2 wrinkled skin of face1 very loose and abundant2 short1 close lying coat1 thin skin2 sloping and deep shoulders1 broad1 muscular loins1 well let down brisket1 powerful thighs and second thighs2 strong1 straight legs2 feet round1 with well bent hocks1 stern tapering and carried gaily4 ,colours3 black and tan1 tawny and red and tan4 ,general appearance that of a high class1 aristocratic and very dignified animal1 who looks as if he considered himself fit company for an emperor1 and would not care to associate with any but those belonging to the upper circles4 ,illustration3 ,,otterhound ,,ch4 ,,safety4 ,,dumfriesshire ,,otter ,,hunt4 ,otter ,hounds4--,i should like just to say a few words about this picturesque breed1 made familiar to us by the paintings of ,landseer1 ,ansdell1 ,noble1 and ,frederick ,tayler1 and of which ,i had some beautiful specimens before me at the ,national ,dog ,show at ,birmingham1 in ,november #ahih4 ,the colours are1 usually1 dark and light browns and tans1 mixed with grizzle1 the general appearance somewhat like rough-coated ,bloodhounds1 with just a dash of an overgrown ,dandie about them2 very rugged and unsophisticated they look1 but quite charming to an artistic eye1 and convey the idea that1 when they know what they are wanted to do1 they will not hesitate to do it1 whatever it may be4 ,any animals that have to contend with such a wily1 active1 and resourceful foe as the ,otter1 either on land1 or where he is still more at home1 in water1 have to be pretty spry if they would give a good account of him4 ,of course1 these hounds are usually kept in packs1 and do not1 as a rule1 enjoy much human company1 except connected with their training for their work1 and the exercise of it1 but would be an ornament to any establishment1 and1 if ,i mistake not1 were prime favourites of his ,royal ,highness1 the lamented ,prince ,consort1 whose ability as a sportsman1 and taste as a connoisseur of all relating to art and things beautiful1 are well known to his many admirers4 ,i remember seeing the engraving of a beautiful picture1 ,i presume in the possession of ,h4 ,m4 the ,queen1 either by ,richard ,ansdell1 ,r4 ,a41 or the late ,frederick ,tayler1 ,r4 ,w4 ,s41 showing his ,royal ,highness in a rough1 wide bottomed boat1 crossing a ,highland loch1 with a pack of these beautiful hounds1 some in the boat1 some on the bank1 and some in the water1 either just starting for1 or just returning from1 an ,otter hunt1 and it impressed me very much4 ,i may say1 that it is very usual to have some ,dandies1 ,skyes1 or other ,scottish terriers1 associated with a pack of ,otter ,hounds1 to assist in dislodging the quarry1 when it takes refuge amongst the boulders and rocks1 so often met in the haunts of the graceful ,otter4 ,the packs of these dogs are chiefly in ,dumfrieshire1 ,cumberland1 ,devon1 and some parts of ,wales1 both ,north and ,south4 ,i have come across such a detailed account of the ,otter1 and rules for hunting it1 in a book more than three hundred years old1 but which show the writer to be well informed on the subject1 and a man of such keen observation1 that ,i venture to quote it in the quaint1 original language1 hoping it may be interesting to some of the sportsmen amongst my readers3--,the ,otter is a beast well-knowne--she feedeth on fishe1 and lyeth neareunto ,ryvers1 ,brookes1 ,pooles1 and ,fishpondes1 or ,weares4 ,hir lying in1 commonly1 is under the roots of trees1 and1 sometymes1 ,i have seene them lying in a hollowe ,tree1 foure1 or five1 foote1 above the grounde4 ,even as a ,foxe1 ,polcat1 ,wylde ,cat1 or ,badgerd1 will destroye a ,warren1 so wyll the ,otter destroye all the ,fishe in your ,pondes1 if she once have founde the waye to them4 ,she dyveth1 and hunteth1 under the water1 after a wonderfull mannere1 so that1 no ,fishe can escape hir1 unlesse they be verie great1 and swyfte4 ,a lytter of ,otteres1 will destroye you1 all the ,fishe1 in a ,ryver1 in two myles lengthe4 ,there is great cunninge1 in the ,hunting of them1 as shalle be saide in the next ,chaptere2 and also1 it is possible1 to take them1 under the ,water1 and by the ,ryver's syde1 both in trappes1 and in snares1 as you may take a ,hare1 with hare-pypes1 or such lyke gynnes4 ,theye byte sore1 and venomouslye1 and defende themselves stoutlye4 ,i wyll not speake much more of their nature1 but1 onely1 that they are footed lyke a ,goose4 ,i meane1 they have a webbe betweene theyr clawes1 and have no heeles1 but1 onely1 a rounde balle1 under theyr soale1 of theyr foote1 and theyr tracke is called the ',marke' of an ,otter1 as we saye the ',slot' of an ,harte4 ,an ,otter1 abydeth not muche1 nor longe1 in one place1 but1 if she be befrayde1 or finde any faulte 7as they are verie perfectlye of smellinge1 and hearinge17 they wyll forsake theyr couche1 and shifte a myle1 or two1 up1 or doune1 a ,ryver4 ,the lyke1 wyll she do1 if she have once destroyed the store of ,fishe1 and finde no plentie of feedinge4 ,from a ,ponde-,garden1 or goode store of ,fish-,pondes1 she wyl not1 lytely1 be removed1 as long as there is store of fishe in them2 for therein1 fishes are takene1 with more ease1 than in the ,ryveres1 or greatere wateres1 but1 inough of theyr natures4 ,when1 a ,huntsman1 woulde hunt the ,otter1 he shoulde1 first1 sende foure ,servantes1 or ,varlets1 with ,bloodehoundes1 or suche ,houndes as wyl drawe in the game1 and lette hym sende them1 two up the ,ryver1 and two doune the ,ryver1 the one couple of them1 on that one syde1 and the other on that other syde of the water4 ,and so1 you shalle be sure to finde1 if there be an ,otter in the quarter1 for1 an ,otter1 cannot longe abide in the water1 but muste come forthe1 in the nyghte1 to feede on grasse1 and herbes1 by the waters syde4 ,if1 any of theyr ,houndes1 finde of an ,otter1 lette the ,huntsman looke1 in the softe groundes1 and moyst places1 to see1 which way he bente the heade1 up1 or doune1 the ,ryver4 ,and1 if he finde not the ,otter1 quicklye1 he may then judge1 that he is gonne to couche1 somewhere1 further offe from the water2 for an ,otter1 wyl1 sometymes1 seeke hys feede1 a myle1 or lyttle lesse1 from hys couche1 and place of reste4 ,commonlye1 he will rather go up the ,ryver1 than doune1 for1 goyng up the ,streame1 the ,streame bryngeth him sente of the ,fishes1 that are above hym1 and bearynge hys nose into the wynde1 he shall the soonere finde any faulte1 that is above hym4 ,also1 you shoulde make an ,assemblye1 for the ,otter1 as you do for the ,harte1 and it is a note1 to be observed1 that all such chaces1 as you drawe after1 before you finde them1 lodge them1 or harbor them1 you shoulde make a solemne ,assemblye1 to heare all reportes1 before you undertake to hunte them1 and then1 he whyche have founde of an ,otter1 or so drawen towardes hys couche1 that he can undertake to brynge you unto hym1 shall cause hys ,houndes to be uncouplede1 a bowshotte1 or twyane1 before he come to the place1 where1 he thynketh1 that the ,otter lyeth4 ,because1 they may caste aboute a whyle1 until they have cooled theyr baulinge and hainsicke-toyes1 which all ,houndes do1 lykely1 use at the fyrst uncouplinge4 ,then1 the ,varlets of the ,kennell1 shall seeke1 by the ,ryversyde1 and beate the bankes1 with theyr ,houndes1 untill some of them chance upon the ,otter4 ,remember1 alwayes1 to set out1 some upwardes1 and some doune1 the ,streames1 and everye man hys ,otter ,speare1 or forked staffe1 in hys hande1 and1 if they misse1 them1 shall they runne up1 or doune1 the ,streame1 as they see the ,otter bende1 until they may1 at laste1 give hym a blowe4 ,for1 if the ,houndes1 be good ,otter-,houndes1 and perfectlye enterede1 they wyl come chauntinge1 and traylinge1 alongst by the ,ryversyde1 and will beate1 every tree-roote1 every holme1 every osier-bedde1 and tufte of bullrushes2 yea1 sometymes1 also1 they wyl take the ,ryver1 and beate it1 lyke a ,water-,spaniell1 so that1 it shalle not be possible for the ,otter to escape1 but that eyther1 the ,houndes shall lyte upon hym1 or els1 some of the ,hunts men shalle stryke hym1 and1 thusse1 you maye have excellente sporte1 and pastyme1 in hunting of the ,otter1 if the ,houndes be goode and that the ,ryveres be not over greate4 ,where the ,ryveres be greate1 some use to have a lyne1 thrwen overthwart the ,ryvere1 the whyche1 two of the ,huntsmen shalle holde1 by eche ende1 one on the one syde of the ,ryvere1 and the othere1 on that othere4 ,and1 lette them holde the lyne so slacke1 that it may1 alwayes1 be underneathe the watere4 ,and1 if the ,otter come dyvynge1 under the watere1 he shalle1 of necesstie1 touche theyr lyne1 and so1 they shall feele1 and knowe1 whyche waye he is passed1 the whyche shalle make hym be taken the soonere4 ,an ,otter's ,skynne1 is very good furre1 and his grease1 wyll make a medycyne1 to make fishes turn uppe theyr bellies1 as if they weare deade4 ,a goode ,otter ,hounde may prove an excellente good ,bucke ,hounde1 if he be not olde1 before he be enterred4 ,another writer1 of about twenty-five years since1 in speaking of the ,otterhound1 says3 ,he is bred to stand wet or rheumatism1 to hunt by eye1 as well as scent1 to mark the 'bubbles' when his quarry is 'down1' and join in the chase1 in the ,otter's element4 ,failing that1 he has to stoop to the scent again4 ,he must be undistracted by whoops and halloos of the attending multitude1 observing the huntsman only1 and answering his horn and cheer4 ,with many a blank day and disappointment1 he must resolutely hunt and face a 'water demon4' ,the points of the breed are laid down as follows3--,the head should1 in shape1 be something between that of the ,bloodhound and ,fox-hound4 ,it should show much of the gravity1 and dignity of the former1 but rather flatter and harder in character2 forehead long and narrow2 eyes rather sunken1 shewing the 'haw1' but large and dark in colour2 nostrils large and roomy1 nose itself1 black1 and a good size1 with rough-haired muzzle and full1 hanging lips2 ears coated with coarse hair1 without feathering at edges1 but very large1 thin1 and pendulous2 neck fairly throaty1 muscular1 and of a good length2 chest more deep than wide2 rather loose back ribs1 but strong1 deep1 long and straight2 feet large1 not close1 and well webbed between toes2 muscular thighs2 powerful sloping shoulders1 with elbows well let down2 tail carried in a sloping position1 fairly coated with hair1 decreasing towards the end2 coat not short1 but dense1 hard and wiry1 very weather resisting in character2 colours may be black1 dull white and creamy tan1 or black and tan1 black and white1 grizzled pied1 buff1 or shades of brown1 or brownish tan4 ,illustration3 ,,great ,,dane ,,ch4 ,,hannibal ,,of ,,redgrave ,mrs ,h4 ,l4 ,,horsfall ,,owner4 ,great ,danes4--,i suppose1 at the present time1 it will be generally admitted that the largest1 and best1 kennel of this breed is in the hands of one of the handsomest1 and most graceful1 of the many enthusiastic ladies interested in the kennel-world1 and that one of the most charming sights at many of our largest shows is to see a team of these beautiful dogs1 accompanied by their fair owner1 and from the crowds of the public ,i have noticed outside the rings1 on such occasions1 ,i have no doubt they were appreciative spectators4 ,the points of the breed1 as stated by a well known breeder and exhibitor1 are3--,the head1 which should be carried high1 rather long1 and not too broad2 muzzle broad1 strong1 and blunt2 eyes small1 with sharp expression2 neck long and arched1 free from any dewlaps2 chest moderately broad2 brisket deep1 loin slightly arched2 shoulders sloping1 elbows well under2 belly well tucked up2 legs straight1 and muscular1 second thighs1 long and strong2 feet rather large1 well arched and close2 ears dropped at the tips and carried as in ,black and ,tan ,terriers1 small as possible in proportion to size of animal2 coat hard1 short1 and dense2 tail strong at base ending in fine tapering point1 carried rather low1 not much below curve of hindquarters4 ,general appearance1 that of an upstanding1 determined animal1 with whom it would be best to avoid a difference of opinion if possible1 but one who would1 doubtless1 be all right1 when you knew him1 and he knew you6 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,sport 7,continued7 ,,pointers--,,setters--,,retrievers ,illustration3 ,,pointer4 ,,ch4 ,,devonshire ,,dan ,,miss ,,reston4 ,,owner4 ,the ,pointer4--,although this variety of dog has not1 in the general way1 enjoyed the advantage of constant human society1 to anything like the extent possessed by some others1 there is little doubt numbers of the family have developed considerable intelligence1 particularly in connection with their work4 ,the late ,mr4 ,forster of ,manchester1 relates that a ,pointer belonging to him1 when out with his master1 would1 if he missed a bird1 go up to him1 seize hold of and shake his gaiter1 as if to remonstrate with him for not making better use of the game he had found for him4 ,and the late ,revd4 ,t4 ,pearce1 no mean authority on most breeds of sporting dogs1 said in speaking of ,pointers1 ,i have no prejudice for the ,setter1 over the ,pointer1 although ,i have had ten ,setters to one ,pointer4 ,if the ground ,i shoot over suits the ,pointer1 the ,pointer suits me1 but ,i do not think he is quite so well adapted for the gun as the ,setter1 provided the ,setter is of equal talent and adequately broken4 ,but1 it would be hard to find anything more perfect than some ,pointers ,i have shot over myself1 or more thoroughly intelligent1 industrious and sensible4 ,one of them1 'old ,jesse' a chance dog ,i had of ,mr4 ,meir1 for ,snipe shooting1 was a fine example indeed4 ,as his pedigree was not ascertained1 he was not used for breeding purposes1 but was a fine specimen of some ,yorkshire strain1 large size1 and liver and white in colour4 ,if ,i missed him in driving off to my ,snipe grounds1 he would track my pony and gig like a sleuth hound1 and many a time have ,i found him close behind my wheels1 when ,i have1 for miles1 looked back for him in vain4 ,one bright winter morning ,i sat on a gate waiting for one ,capt4 ,hull1 my companion1 and looking up a long stretch of road1 ,i observed 'old ,jesse' coming along with a young dog of mine which he had evidently invited to join in the fun1 and so ,i let the young dog work on ,snipe1 a game he was never on before4 ,it was a sight to see how 'old ,jesse' tried to teach him the trade4 ,i had two pieces of ,snipe bog two miles apart1 and one bad scenting day he missed my track and went to the wrong place1 so that it was past one o'clock when ,i reached the place to which he had gone4 ,on getting there1 which ,i generally shot first1 ,i saw 'old ,jesse' standing stiffly on a ,snipe4 ,how long he had been 'pointing' ,i cannot say4 ,frequently1 as ,i walked up to his point1 ,i have flushed ,snipe1 and shot them1 before ,i reached him1 but this made no difference to him1 nor did it in the least interfere with his steadiness4 ,once1 on the occasion ,i have mentioned of his being accompanied by the young dog1 he snarled at the youngster for flushing a ,jack ,snipe1 and when he repeated the fault1 went up and worried him severely4 ,as two of us shot together1 he got into the habit of coming to my room in the morning1 to see if ,i was dressed for shooting1 and if ,i was not1 he would go to my companion's chamber and accompany him1 or track him through the streets1 if he had gone on1 and ,i do not remember that he ever failed to find him4 ',julie1' a liver and white ,pointer bitch1 was another of my ,pointers which showed great sagacity and firmness4 ,we have frequently lost her1 for a considerable time1 in a high cover on a celebrated piece of ground called ,keysworth1 in ,dorsetshire1 belonging to my friend1 ,mr4 ,drax1 and at last we have seen the 'sting' of her fine stern above the rushes1 for she always held it higher than her head4 ,she was one of the most intelligent dogs ,i ever possessed1 and would retrieve any game alive4 ,though only in her second season1 she was the animal always sent out with young hands1 and if they ran to pick up their game1 she would bark at them reproachfully4 ,i never had a ,pointer before1 that seemed to enter so keenly into the sport1 or to appreciate1 as she did1 the real and proper style of beating for game4 ,the points of this well known sportsman 7,pointer7 are3--,skull rather wide between the ears1 with a pronounced drop at the stop1 the occipital protuberance being also well defined1 the muzzle being long and bent at the nose1 which is rather dark liver1 or else flesh coloured1 eyes dark or light according to colours of markings1 ears rather fine1 set on low and hanging flat to the sides of the head2 neck gracefully arched and quite free from overlaps1 shoulders sloping1 chest moderately wide1 and extremely deep1 body powerful and well ribbed up at the loin1 forelegs dead straight1 set well in under the dog1 heavy in bone1 the feet being round and compact1 hind quarters powerful1 the stifle being a little turned out and the hocks well let down1 tail rather short and tapering to the tip1 coat moderately fine4 ,colours3 liver and white1 lemon and white1 black1 or black and liver ticked4 ,,setters ,illustration3 ,,english ,,setter4 ,,ch4 ,,rock4 ,j4 ,,fletcher4 ,,owner4 ,the ,english ,setter4--,the elegant family known by the above title1 are divided into three branches1 called respectively ,english1 ,gordon and ,irish2 each have their body of supporters1 and many very beautiful specimens of them all are to be seen at our best shows4 ,perhaps ,birmingham lays itself out most for the sporting dog classes1 but now1 when there are so many large exhibitions held in various parts of the ,united ,kingdom1 the same dogs are more often seen at the various places4 ,the following descriptions of each of the three branches of the family1 are taken from notes communicated by a well known gentleman in the doggy world1 to a work on dogs published some seventy-five years since4 ,the head of the ,english ,setter should not be so heavy as the ,pointer's1 nor so wide across the ears4 ,there should be at least four inches from the inner corner of the eye to the point of the nose4 ,in many first class dogs1 there is half an inch more4 ,the nasal bone should be rather depressed in the centre and slightly raised at the nostrils4 ,the nose and nostrils large1 the nose dark liver coloured or black1 moist and shining4 ,the jaws should be level and the teeth exactly level in front1 as nothing detracts more from appearance than the 'snipe nose4' ,there should not be that fullness of lip1 allowable in the ,pointer1 but1 at the angles of the mouth1 the lips should be rather pendulous4 ,the ears1 which are usually about six inches in length1 should be set low on the head1 larger where they are attached1 than at the tips1 which should be round1 not pointed4 ,they should never be pricked1 or carried forward1 even when the dog points4 ,the eyes should be large and sparkling1 not protruding1 as in the ,king ,charles ,spaniel1 but well set and full of intelligence4 ,the neck1 long1 thin1 slightly arched at crest1 and clean cut where it joins the head1 this last a most important point4 ,the shoulders should be well set back1 the blades long1 the muscles well-developed throughout4 ,ribs not so widely sprung as the ,pointer's4 ,the back ribs deep and fairly near to the hip bone4 ,the chest deep and moderately wide4 ,the loins broad and arched slightly and the hips wide4 ,the hind quarters square1 strongly made and the stifles well bent4 ,cat-like feet are preferable to the 'hare' or 'spoon' foot4 ,the round foot1 with toes well arched1 distributes the power of the toes more evenly1 and is best suited for every description of shooting ground1 in fact1 the ,foxhound foot1 and leg with it4 ,the feet should be straight1 neither turned in or out4 ,the toes should be well furnished with hair1 which1 in the best breeds1 forms a tuft between the toes and protects the sole1 being replenished as fast as it wears away4 ,the pasterns should be nearly upright and large1 knees large1 forelegs upright1 and in a standing position1 the legs should be like good forelegs in a ,horse1 the feet slightly in advance of straight1 the hocks strong1 set a little in1 if any deviation from a straight line4 ,the stern of a ,setter1 like that of a ,spaniel1 should be carried as much as possible in a line with the backbone4 ,the undulating sweep upwards1 if exaggerated1 would become a serious fault4 ,a ,setter's stern cannot well be too straight1 and it should never be too long or it cannot be carried handsomely4 ,the stern looks better when the 'feather' commences near the root of the tail and goes off gradually to nothing at the tip4 ,a tail blunt1 or clubbed1 is very objectionable4 ,the coat should be of the finest silky texture1 moderately waved1 but devoid of curl4 ,there may be an inclination in the coat to part down the back4 ,colours in order of merit3 #a4 ,blue mottle1 or ,belton greys1 which stand work and are better than2 #b4 ,orange and white and lemon and white2 #c4 black and white2 #d4 pure white2 #e4 pure black2 #f4 fawn or yellow2 #g4 liver colour or liver and white1 which last too often indicates a cross with the ,pointer or ,water ,spaniel4 ,illustration3 ,,gordon-,,setter4 ,,ch4 ,,marquis4 ,t4 ,,jacobs4 ,,owner4 ,the ,gordon ,setter4--,the points of excellence in the ,gordon1 closely resemble those of the ,english ,setter1 but1 ,i may observe1 that the great features of true ,gordon blood are1 that they can go much longer without water than the generality of ,setters1 and that they show more variety in their attitude on 'the point4' ,the length of their shoulders1 their large bone1 and their development of muscle1 enable them to race1 and to keep it up4 ,the colour of the ,gordon is a great point4 ,the black should be raven black1 with a blue1 or plum bloom1 on the bright lights4 ,the tan a rich red1 of burnt sienna1 colour4 ,it should be1 by no means1 yellow or tabby1 or mixed with black or fawn1 but rich1 deep1 a sort of bright new mahogany4 ,the cheeks1 lips1 throat1 feet1 back of the forelegs to the elbow1 front of the hind legs up to the hips1 belly1 inside of thighs1 vent1 underside of flag1 inside of ears1 should all be brilliant red1 and there should be a large brilliant spot of tan over each eye4 ,there is no objection to a white short frill1 although the absence of all white is a good thing4 ,white toes behind1 are less objectionable than white toes in front1 and several of the very best ,gordons have even had a white foot1 or feet1 but this is not to be desired if it can be avoided4 ,the origin of the breed is not well known4 ,the late ,duke of ,gordon1 at any rate1 brought it up to its present excellence4 ,there is a suspicion it came originally from ,ireland1 and the fact that nearly all the best ,gordon bitches have had in every litter1 one or more deep red1 or orange1 whelps1 leads one to believe there has been an ,irish cross4 ,the ,gordon ,setter's stern is shorter than that of the ,english ,setter1 but 'sting like4' ,failing this1 breeders find they have that greatest trouble to the ,gordon breeder1 the 'teapot tail1' or a long stern with a curl at the end1 badly carried in action4 ,he is a long1 low1 ,setter1 his gallop noiseless1 and he is remarkably quick in his turn1 from the power of his shoulders and loins1 length of his neck and general muscular development1 a trifle heavier in his head1 shorter in his stern1 rather deeper in his 'brisket1' more bony and muscular than the ,english ,setter1 with a remarkably gay temperament4 ',always busy1' he is quite the beau ideal of a sportsman's favourite1 but he has his failings4 ,he is more frequently 'gunshy1' more often the victim of distemper1 than the ,english1 and1 occasionally1 so headstrong as to be totally irreclaimable1 these may be the faults of education1 and generally are so1 but undeniably they are more often the results of inbreeding or injudicious crossing4 ,illustration3 ,,irish-,,setter4 ,,ch4 ,,garryowen4 ,j4 ,j4 ,,giltrap1 ,,owner4 ,the ,irish ,setter4--,the head of the ,irish ,setter should be long1 narrow1 yet wide in the forehead1 arched or peaked cranium behind4 ,a short1 bullet head1 a wide flat one1 or one running to a point at the snout1 are very common1 and very bad4 ,the lips should be deep or moderately so4 ,the ears should be long1 reaching at the end of the hair1 to the nose1 pendulous and as if lying in a fold1 set well back and low on the head2 they should never be set high1 short in length1 or half diamond shaped1 their feather should be moderate4 ,the eyes of rich hazel or rich brown1 well set1 full1 kind1 sensible and loving1 the iris mahogany colour1 should never be gooseberry1 black1 or prominent and staring4 ,the nose mahogany1 dark flesh1 or blackish mahogany1 never black or pink4 ,even dark flesh is not so much admired1 though it may be with a good clear hazel eye4 ,the whiskers should be red4 ,the forelegs straight1 moderately feathered1 the feet close and small1 not round like a hounds1 or splayed4 ,the hams straight1 flat and muscular1 and feathered well with buff coloured hair1 the hind quarters1 altogether square and active in make4 ,the chest should be wide when the dog is sitting on his haunches1 and the head held back and full2 too wide a chest is apt to give a waddling and slow gait4 ,the chest ribs cannot be too deep4 ,the loins1 for speed1 should be long1 moderately wide1 and the belly well tucked up4 ,the tail should be well covered with coarse hair1 curling along the tops1 and hanging moderately1 though bushy1 from beneath2 carried on a horizontal line with the back1 not cocked or curled4 ,in the field1 or excitement1 carried low1 stiff and beating the hind legs4 ,the coat should be rather coarse1 smooth or wavy1 not curly1 hair of moderate length1 on the upper parts of the body1 the root half tawny1 the tip half deep sienna1 a sort of blood red1 but never showing black on the ears1 back1 head1 or tail4 ,the legs and under parts deep or pale tawny4 ,white should not appear anywhere except in the centre of the forehead and the centre of the breast4 ,it maybe interesting to some of my readers 7amongst whom ,i hope will be included fanciers of every breed1 as well as some who have been hitherto fanciers of no breed at all71 if ,i set out here the show points of ,setters1 taking them in their usual order1 as ,english1 ,gordon1 and ,irish4 ,the ,english ,setter4--,the head should be long and rather narrow1 the skull slightly domed and not very broad at base1 muzzle long1 square and clean1 not too pointed at end2 nose moderately large1 with wide nostrils1 ears fine1 set on low and lying close to sides of head2 eyes1 soft1 bright and intelligent1 not light in colour4 ,neck very muscular and of fair length2 shoulders clean and sloping1 chest not wide but deep2 back strong and muscular2 ribs well sprung and deep2 powerful1 broad loin2 thighs fairly long and muscular2 stifles well let down and bent2 forelegs well feathered and straight1 pasterns short1 straight and firm2 stern medium length1 well set on1 almost in line with back1 not carried gaily or curled2 feet close and compact1 slightly feathered between toes4 ,coat free from any curl1 soft1 wavy and silky4 ,colours3 blue and white ticked1 white with black markings and white with liver markings most favoured1 but almost any others allowed except red1 and black and tan4 ,the ,gordon or ,black and ,tan ,setters are supposed to have been so called from their original connection with ,gordon ,castle ,kennels4 ,there are1 however1 said to be many good specimens not in any way related to that particular strain1 the colour of which was tricolour1 black1 tan and white4 ,this variety is heavier than their ,english or ,irish brethren1 and shows more of the ,hound and less of the ,spaniel4 ,the head is stronger1 with deeper and broader muzzle and heavier lips1 the ears are also somewhat longer1 and the eyes often show the haw2 the black should be as jet and absolutely free from white4 ,the tan on cheeks and over eyes and on feet and pasterns should be rich and bright and clearly defined1 and the feathering on forelegs and thighs should also be tan4 ,the ,irish ,setters are higher on the leg than their ,english cousins1 although1 in most respects1 the conformation of body is precisely the same in both breeds4 ,head long and narrow1 muzzle square1 lips moderately deep1 ears fine1 set low and lying well back1 giving a domed appearance to the skull2 stop well defined1 eyes rich hazel or dark brown1 soft and expressive4 ,chest deep and ribs well sprung2 shoulders clean and sloping2 loin somewhat arched1 broad and muscular4 ,coat1 lustrous and rather plentiful1 rich1 dark red1 with a golden tinge1 no white allowable1 except a star on head or chest4 ,illustration3 ,,flat-,,coated ,,retriever ,,ch4 ,,right ,,away ,s4 ,e4 ,,shirley ,,owner4 ,the ,retriever4--,this breed is practically divided into two varieties1 one called ,the ,flat1 ,smooth1 or ,wavy-coated1 and the other the ,curly2 both1 as a rule1 are black1 but as far as my experience of them goes1 more specimens other than black are seen amongst the ,curlies than the others1 but ,i think1 undoubtedly1 blacks1 of either variety1 are the handsomest4 ,both breeds have been brought to a great point of perfection4 ,in the ,flat-coated1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,e4 ,shirley and ,colonel ,cornwall-,legh1 and in the ,curly-coated1 ,earl ,melville and ,mr4 ,s4 ,darbey1 can show teams to make a sportsman tear his hair2 often and often1 one of these varieties has taken the coveted prize for the best sporting dog in the show1 and they are remarkable amongst the many charming breeds of sporting dogs bred and established in this country1 for their very matching character1 so that1 a high bred lot of either variety have a wonderful family likeness1 and on the many occasions when ,i have had to take part in making the awards for the sporting and non-sporting teams1 it has been a great pleasure to me to see grouped together1 in different parts of an immense ring1 teams of the various breeds1 often containing the best known specimens of them1 quite priceless1 and which no money could buy1 but most interesting to the lovers of beautiful1 and in many cases1 perfect specimens of animals4 ,show ,points of ,wavy1 ,flat1 or ,smooth ,retrievers4--,head long and skull fairly wide2 ears small and lying close to head2 eyes brown or hazel and showing great intelligence2 jaws long1 and sufficiently strong to carry a ,hare2 muzzle fairly large1 with full open nostrils2 teeth level and sound2 neck fairly long2 chest deep and somewhat narrow2 shoulders clean and strong1 set obliquely2 ribs deep1 and well sprung2 body long1 with muscular loins2 forelegs straight and strong2 quarters muscular2 stifles fairly bent2 feet sound1 and well arched2 coat long1 and straight1 and of good quality2 black1 without any trace of white1 is the fashionable colour1 but classes for other than black1 are sometimes well filled4 ,white and liver coloured specimens are sometimes met with1 but seldom shown4 ,general appearance is that of a strong1 upstanding1 intelligent dog1 of a decidedly sporting character1 but quite prepared to take on any class of work required of him as a general utility dog4 ,illustration3 ,,curly ,,retriever ,,ch4 ,,tiverton ,,best ,,lad ,s4 ,,darbey ,,owner4 ,the ,curly-coated ,retriever4--,there has been much discussion as to the origin of this variety1 which1 like that of its ,flatcoated comrade1 does not go back1 it is thought1 before the commencement of this century4 ,some think the old water dog we see depicted in the sporting pictures of our ancestors 7and which looked like a cross of indifferent ,poodle1 with an inferior old ,english sheep dog1 without much of the good points of either variety671 others claim the ,irish ,water ,spaniel1 and others again1 the ,poodle1 to have been one of its parents in a cross with the ,labrador dog1 in the same way as its flat-coated cousin is supposed to have been produced by a cross between a ,setter and a ,labrador dog4 ,i do not propose to enter into this controversy at all1 personally ,i have had more to do with the ,irish ,water ,spaniels 7of which my brothers and ,i have had a great many amongst us since we were lads71 and ,poodles1 of which ,i have had a good many and handled and judged hundreds1 and ,i think ,i can see traces of the ,irish ,water ,spaniel and the ,poodle in the modern ,curly-coated ,retriever1 but more of the former than the latter4 ,i think1 undoubtedly1 the ,curlies are the hardest to breed approaching perfection1 but they are wonderfully fetching1 when up to the mark4 ,the absence of curl1 too much hair on face1 and the openness of coat1 are the faults ,i most often notice1 and some fail in the tail not being as it should be1 covered from root to end with small1 tight curls1 as on body4 ,the sort of curls on the body may be described as like those on a nigger's head4 ,the ,points for ,show of the ,curly ,retriever are not much at variance with those for the ,flat-coated4 ,but the latter is often the larger dog4 ,the head1 should be not so wide1 with strong jaws1 and muzzle more inclined to be snipey2 the coat1 a perfect mass of short1 tight curls on the body1 legs and tail1 but only short1 smooth hair on the face--the stern1 quite straight and carried without any curve in it1 substantial at root1 lessening in size by degrees to its point4 ,,chapter ,v ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,sport 7,continued7 ,,sporting ,,spaniels--,,basset ,,hounds--,,dachshounds ,a good many ,i have known1 make much and think highly of some of the breeds of ,spaniels4 ,these are noted for their affectionate disposition and docility4 ,the least often seen1 and therefore not much known1 are the ,irish and the ,english ,water ,spaniels4 ,the former should be dark liver coloured1 covered with curls1 except on the tail1 which should be nearly bare of hair1 and on the head a considerable tuft of hair1 called the top-knot1 hanging down over the eyes and face1 so as to almost hide the former4 ,there is something very comical1 and quite ,hibernian1 about the look of this breed1 and they always appear to be open for any amount of fun1 but they are also grand workers1 and for duck-shooting1 and retrieving in general1 they are above the average in achievements1 as they are above most of their fellows in size4 ,the ,english ,variety is also a capital all-round useful dog1 generally roan or dark coloured in ground1 with sometimes spots or markings on head and body1 also covered with curls1 and looks best with tail moderately docked4 ,he gives you the idea of a business dog1 and is very lively and ready for work of almost any sporting kind1 and can stand a deal of it4 ,another of the family ,i am very partial to and have sometimes met with and kept as a companion1 is the ,clumber4 ,i think this is the most aristocratic-looking of the sporting varieties of the breed1 and should be a creamy white1 with patches of lemon or light orange-tan1 about the head and body4 ,either the tactics of the sportsmen of the present day are too rapid1 or for some other cause1 but there certainly are not so many of the breed to be seen now as there were some fifteen or twenty years since1 but ,i am glad to see the present ,duke of ,newcastle is keeping up the breed at ,clumber1 where it is supposed to have been originally produced1 and that there are still a few kennels in the country1 where they are breeding some of these beautiful dogs1 for ,i contend that a ,clumber1 in good form and well-groomed 7when his coat will have quite a bloom on it71 is one of the handsomest dogs a sportsman can wish to accompany him1 and although his build and formation are not suited for a high rate of speed1 he can get over a good deal of ground in the course of the day1 and render some useful service to his owner and his friends4 ,in that celebrated book1 ,the ,master of the ,game1 preserved in the ,british ,museum1 and attributed to a royal author1 being supposed to be written by a son of ,king ,edward ,,iii4 7who died in #adjb71 the ,spaniel is spoken of as ,saynolfe1 no doubt a term intended for ,spaynolfe1 and is described as one of the hounds used for hawking1 and called a ,spaynel1 because the nature of him cometh from ,spain1 notwithstanding they are to be found in other countries1 and such hounds1 the author declares1 have many good customs and evil4 ,he insists that a good hound for hawking should have a large head and body1 and that he should be of a fair hewe1 white or tawne1 and not too jough1 that is1 hairy or rough1 but1 his tail should be rough1 or feathered2 he goes on to describe the proper temperament1 as a sportsman of the present age would speak of a modern ,clumber1 leaving out one of its greatest merits1 its silence1 or muteness1 in work1 however excited1 so much to be desired4 ,a great deal of sport may be had over a brace of ,clumbers1 which are as much as a sportsman can do with1 particularly with a ,retriever to look after the killed and wounded4 ,i have also1 occasionally1 seen a specimen of the ,sussex ,spaniel1 which are rare dogs for work1 made a house pet of4 ,they should be rich copper colour1 and are very showy and distinguished looking in appearance1 strong and muscular in build1 more active than you would give them credit for1 by their looks1 and possessed of much intelligence and affection for their friends1 good guards1 and well able to take their own parts in any row1 seldom coming off worst1 even with larger antagonists4 ,they have been brought to great perfection of late years4 ,i should say there are some as good as any ever seen1 to be met with at the present day1 and especially at the well known ,bridford ,kennels in ,devon4 ,i think they are rather growing in public favour1 to the reverse being the case2 ,i often see what ,i may call the ,field ,spaniel proper1 the old glossy black1 kept as a companion2 the very long backed1 and short-legged type1 now in favour1 don't strike one as being able to stand so much hard work1 in the covers1 as the more old fashioned sort1 but they are1 many of them1 very beautiful dogs1 and of high quality1 and1 what is also of importance to breeders1 they command very high prices4 ,i heard of an instance1 not very long since1 when a buyer was found for five or six specimens of the ,black ,field ,spaniel1 at #a1ajj1 and another gave #djj for a single dog4 ,i know all the three parties1 that is1 the seller and the two buyers1 in these transactions1 and believe them to be bon fide and true1 in substance and fact1 so that ,spaniel breeding evidently can be made to pay4 ,although ,i sometimes see some of the old liver and white1 roan1 blue and black ,spaniels about1 ,i certainly think they are not so popular as they were some years since4 ,as a rule they are tractable1 good tempered1 born sportsmen1 particularly fond of a ramble amongst country lanes and hedgerows1 and capital companions for all1 attaching themselves readily to ladies and children1 and making themselves at home as members of the household1 though always ready for their own proper work1 outside1 when called upon4 ,illustration3 ,,clumber-,,spaniel1 ,,sandringham-,,bustler4 ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,prince of ,,wales4 ,,owner4 ,sporting ,spaniel ,points4--,i will here give the show points of the several ,sporting ,spaniels1 commencing with the ,clumber4 ,the points of this breed are as follows3--,he should be long1 low1 and heavy1 weight varies1 but averages about forty to forty-five pounds4 ,colour1 white1 of a creamy shade1 with orange or lemon markings2 actual liver colour1 or the very pale lemon1 once made a point of1 are now objected to by some breeders of the present day4 ,height should not be over eighteen or twenty inches4 ,legs1 both short and strong1 in fact1 so much so that1 with his deep1 well-coated body1 he shows little daylight below him1 as he stands or walks4 ,head1 large1 long1 coloured to a line under the eyes1 and showing a blaze up the face4 ,eyes1 rather small for size of head1 sunken1 pensive1 and thoughtful4 ,nose1 dark flesh1 or liver1 coloured4 ,ears1 large and much feathered1 below1 where the fleshy part of the ear ends4 ,neck1 long1 strong1 and muscular4 ,back1 straight and long4 ,chest1 wide1 also the shoulders1 and substantial1 likewise the forearm1 which is very heavy for his size4 ,hocks1 and hind quarters1 large1 bony1 and very muscular4 ,loins1 not arched1 but straight4 ,ribs1 round and prominent1 back-ribs1 in particular1 very deep4 ,stern1 set on low1 looks best docked1 as is usually the case1 with a little hair hanging at the fag end4 ,coat should be not too full in quantity1 but very straight1 silky1 shining1 and soft1 in texture4 ,the appearance and general character being that of a high class1 dignified specimen of the sporting dog1 well able to do all that can be reasonably required of him1 but with no idea of being dictated to1 hurried1 or put out of the way1 by any one4 ,illustration3 ,,irish ,,water ,,spaniel4 ,,ch4 ,,shaun4 ,,col4 ,,the ,,hon4 ,w4 ,,le ,,poer ,,trench4 ,,owner4 ,the ,irish ,water ,spaniel4--,the head of the ,irish ,water ,spaniel is rather large1 forehead prominent1 face perfectly smooth from eyes down1 ears from twenty-four to twenty-six inches long from end to end2 head should be crowned with a well-defined top-knot1 not straggling across1 like the common ,water ,dog1 but coming down in a peak on the forehead4 ,the body should be covered with small1 crisp curls1 which often become draggled in the moulting season2 the tail1 should be round and rat-like1 without feather1 rather short than the reverse1 and as stiff as a ramrod4 ,colour1 pure puce-shaded liver1 without any white4 ,height1 about from twenty-two to twenty-two and a half inches1 seldom more when pure bred4 ,english ,water ,spaniel4--,the following description of this breed1 which is a very great favourite of mine1 and ,i regret to say seems to be growing more scarce1 year by year1 is from the pen of my old friend1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,langdale1 who was counted an authority on ,spaniels generally3--,young breeders and judges should have before them this fact1 that ,colour should be a secondary matter with the ,english ,water ,spaniel1 and the latter should never pass over a liver and white dog1 in favour of a whole coloured liver1 provided the liver and white is a well-made specimen of his breed4 ,the weight1 again1 should not exceed forty pounds1 and his height nineteen inches1 his ears may be fairly long1 and covered all over with curl2 also the body1 not the close curl of his ,irish brother1 but one somewhat looser1 and more straggly2 his head is broad and long1 with piercing eyes1 his legs are well feathered behind1 as well as in front1 and there is no doubt that the feather1 which in a ticked dog1 comes out from each and every liver spot in front of the forelegs1 has much to do with his power of endurance in water4 ,they may be called 'natural retrievers1' as no dog is easier taught4 ,illustration3 ,,sussex-,,spaniel ,,ch4 ,,bridford ,,giddie4 ,,moses ,,woolland1 ,,owner4 ,the ,sussex ,spaniel4--,he should be of a deep golden liver colour1 and should weigh about thirty-four pounds4 ,his head should be long and heavy1 his eye large1 and languishing1 his forehead projecting over the eye1 the muzzle square1 the lips rather pendulous1 his mouth large1 and his underjaw rather recedes from the upper jaw4 ,his ears should be large and well furnished with silky hair1 they should be small1 or narrow1 where they spring from the head1 and large1 or lobe shaped1 at the base2 they should be set low down1 and hang close to the cheeks4 ,the nostrils should be large1 the nose large and liver-coloured4 ,the neck should be strong and muscular1 with the crest a little arched4 ,the chest1 should be wide1 the shoulders well thrown back1 the body1 long1 and round4 ,the legs should be short and strong1 well flewed to the foot1 before and behind4 ,the feet1 which are nearly always good in a ,spaniel1 should be round1 well arched1 and abundantly furnished with feather4 ,the loin should be very strong1 the back ribs very deep and round2 the tail1 docked to about nine inches1 and well-feathered1 should be set low1 and have a downward action4 ,the proper carriage of the tail marks the ,spaniel's purity1 as much as anything4 ,the coat should be waved1 not curled1 and as already said1 of a golden liver colour4 ,illustration3 ,,black-,,spaniel4 ,,ch4 ,,bridford-,,brilliant4 ,m4 ,,woolland4 ,,owner4 ,the ,black ,spaniel4--,the following description of the points required in this popular variety1 are laid down by my friend1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,jacobs1 of ,newton ,abbot1 who is1 as far as ,i know1 about the most successful breeder and exhibitor of them1 during the last twenty-five years1 he says3--,my standard is as follows3 ,pleasing temper ,i always look to first1 never breed from a bad tempered sporting dog1 every sportsman knows what a nuisance they are4 ,a long body1 short legs1 with plenty of bone and feather1 a perfectly smooth1 satin-like coat1 with no inclination to wave1 or curl1 moderately long4 ,ears1 covered with long1 silky hair1 not ringlets1 well set1 low down1 and hung close to the cheeks1 small1 or narrow1 where they spring from the head1 and large and lobe shaped1 at the base1 well furnished with hair on the inside leather4 ,a long head1 not 'snipey1' or heavy1 like the ,clumber2 dark1 pleasing eye1 a yellow eye indicates bad temper1 and should be avoided4 ,level mouth1 not 'pig-jawed1' or under hung1 but ,i prefer the former fault to the latter1 which prevails1 ,i am sorry to see1 in some of our present show dogs4 ,breeders should avoid them as stock dogs4 ,a long neck1 slightly arched1 well clothed with muscle4 ,strong across the loins4 ,ribs well sprung1 and barrel-shaped4 ,belly1 well clothed with long hair and not tucked up1 like the ,greyhound1 a common fault4 ,broad chest1 well clothed with muscle and feather4 ,feet1 round and cat-like1 with a plentiful supply of hair between the toes4 ,many have argued with me1 that mating black with liver colour1 would throw the black puppies rusty1 or bad black1 but1 being a pigeon breeder for many years1 and knowing that by mating duns and blacks1 you procure a better black than by breeding two blacks together1 ,i thought if this held good with ,pigeons1 why should it not do with dogs8 ,i therefore mated my ,spaniels1 as before described1 the result is1 ,i have never seen one bad black1 and have bred more than a dozen litters in that way4 ,illustration3 ,,cocker ,,spaniel ,,ch4 ,,ted ,,obo ,j4 ,,farrow ,,owner4 ,some ,other ,sporting ,spaniels4--,the heads of small ,spaniels should resemble those of small ,setters1 and have no tuft on them4 ,the ears should be moderately long1 and lie close to the cheek4 ,very short ears indicate a cross4 ,the legs should be strong1 well feathered and short2 the feet round2 and each toe should be protected with hair1 a plentiful supply of which on1 and between the toes1 is important4 ,the chest should be rather broad4 ,the elbows1 not so oblique as in the ,setter4 ,the body1 should be long1 and somewhat round1 and barrel-like1 with less depth of the fore rib than in the ,setter4 ,the tail1 should come out on a line with the backbone4 ,the colours may be almost anything1 black1 black and white1 liver1 liver and white1 lemon1 lemon and white1 roan1 blue1 or grey mottled4 ,illustration3 ,,smooth ,,basset ,,hound ,,ch4 ,,louis ,,le ,,beau ,mrs ,m4 ,,tottie ,,owner4 ,bassets4--,amongst those breeds which have been taken up a good deal as pets and companions in comparatively recent years1 have been the ,bassets1 both ,smooth and ,rough-coated4 ,this breed1 which has been in fewer hands than most1 also enjoys the advantage of royal patronage1 both their ,royal ,highnesses the ,prince and ,princess of ,wales1 being successful breeders and exhibitors of them4 ,they are heavy looking1 usually hound marked1 in colour1 that is1 white with black and light brown1 and hound-tanned markings on body1 which is very long shaped on short1 strong legs1 large1 pendulous ears and head1 and in expression much like what we used to see in pictures of the old ,english ,hound4 ,they have a high-class and distinguished look about them1 and give you the impression of character and breeding4 ,they have not been used extensively for sporting purposes in this country1 to my knowledge4 ,illustration3 ,,dachshund ,,ch4 ,,wiseacre4 ,e4 ,s4 ,,woodiwiss1 ,,owner4 ,dachshunds4--,another of the breeds ,i have seen kept as pets1 is the ,dachshund1 or ,badger ,dog1 as the name implies4 ,i think they are rarely1 or ever1 used for ,badgers in this country1 and for the safety of the greater part of those ,i have seen here1 ,i think it is much better that is so1 as any one familiar with the ,badger1 or the old ,gentleman in ,grey1 as he is frequently called1 will know that he is a formidable opponent to tackle1 muscular1 active1 low to the ground1 with a very tough1 harsh coat1 and long1 powerful jaws1 and weighing from over twenty to over thirty pounds1 so that it requires activity1 strength and indomitable pluck for a small dog to attempt to overcome such an animal1 possessing so many natural advantages4 ,i think ,dachshunds are not so generally kept as pets as they were some years since1 but my experience of them is favourable1 having found them amiable and docile in disposition1 cleanly in habits1 and bright and lively in temperament4 ,they are very long1 and low1 in build1 head and ears hound shaped1 forelegs curved with an outward turn1 to facilitate digging operations1 tail carried rather gaily1 coat fine in texture1 skin loose1 colours most in favour1 rich chestnut red1 black and tan1 chocolate1 and other shades of brown1 and of late1 what is called dappled1 which seems to be a ground of one shade of brown1 splashed with irregular blotches of another darker shade of same colour4 ,of course there are constantly springing up new patrons and patronesses for all kinds of dogs1 but ,i have noticed that almost every one of the persons who were the most enthusiastic supporters1 and breeders of ,dachshunds1 when they were first brought forward1 many years since1 have now ceased to keep them1 although they nearly all keep some other breeds1 so that1 as in my own case1 ,i think it is not one of the varieties which takes a lasting hold on its votaries1 whether from the fact that it is essentially one of the foreign made breeds1 and the effect of the strong preference1 which now prevails for the encouragement of everything of ,british and ,colonial origin and manufacture1 ,i do not know1 but ,i can call to mind at least ten of the largest breeders of ,dachshunds in this country1 who1 ,i believe1 have not at present one specimen amongst the lot4 ,illustration3 ,,rough ,,basset4 ,,beauty ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,prince of ,,wales1 ,,owner4 ,points of the ,basset ,hound4--,the following description of the points desired in this breed by my friend1 the late lamented ,sir ,everett ,millais1 ,bart41 who was quite an enthusiast in his support of it1 may be interesting to those of my readers who admire 7and who1 that has seen them1 can fail to do so87 these very beautiful dogs3--,the ,basset1 for its size1 has perhaps more bone than nearly any other dog4 ,the skull1 should be peaked1 like that of the ,bloodhound1 with the same dignity1 and expression2 nose1 black1 and well flewed4 ,for the size of the ,hound1 ,i think the teeth are extremely small4 ,however1 as they are not intended to destroy life1 perhaps this is the reason4 ,the ears1 should hang1 like the ,bloodhounds1 and are like the softest velvet4 ,the eyes are deep brown1 and brimful of affection and intelligence4 ,they are pretty deeply set1 and should show a considerable 'haw4' ,a ,basset1 is one of those ,hounds1 incapable of having a 'wicked eye4' ,the neck1 is long1 but of great power1 and in the ,basset jambes torses1 the flews extend very nearly down to the chest4 ,the chest1 is more expansive in the ,basset1 than even in the ,bull ,dog1 and should1 in the ,basset jambes torses1 be not more than two inches from the ground4 ,in the case of the ,basset jambes demi-torses1 and jambes droites1 being generally lighter1 their chests do not of course come so low4 ,the shoulders1 are of great power and terminate in the crooked feet of the ,basset1 which appear to be a mass of joints4 ,the back and ribs1 are strong1 and the former of great length1 the stern1 is gaily carried1 like that of ,hounds in general1 and when the ,hound is on the scent of game1 this portion of his body gets extremely animated1 and tells me1 in my own ,hounds1 when they have struck a fresh1 or cold1 scent1 and ,i even know when the foremost ,hound will give tongue6 ,the hindquarters1 are very strong and muscular1 the muscles standing rigidly out1 down to the hocks4 ,the skin1 is soft in the smooth haired dogs1 and like that of any other ,hound1 but in the rough variety1 it is identical with that of the ,otter ,hound4 ,colour1 of course1 is a matter of fancy1 although ,i infinitely prefer the 'tricolour1' which has a tan head1 and black and white body4 ,points of the ,dachshund4--,the following are set down by my friend1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,o4 ,mudie1 so well-known as a successful breeder1 exhibitor and judge of this quaint-looking breed1 and who has had a long experience amongst them3--,head1 long and narrow1 peak well developed4 ,jaw1 strong1 and level4 ,ears1 set on low1 long1 broad1 and soft4 ,chest1 deep1 and narrow2 breastbone prominent4 ,forelegs1 very short1 and strong in bone1 well-crooked1 but standing equally on all parts of the foot4 ,skin1 thick1 and supple4 ,coat1 short and strong4 ,loins1 well arched1 strong and muscular4 ,any colour4 ,long1 low1 and graceful1 and not cloddy4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,sport 7,continued7 ,,greyhounds--,,scottish ,,deerhounds--,,irish ,,wolfhounds--,,borzois--,,whippets ,illustration3 ,,whippet ,,greyhound ,,ch4 ,,real ,,jam4 ,s4 ,,woodiwiss ,,owner4 ,greyhounds4--,this is certainly1 whether quite in his present form and appearance or not1 one of the most ancient breeds1 and believed to have been kept by our forefathers in the earliest part of the ,christian era4 ,it is said to have been introduced into this country in the days of ,elfric1 ,duke of ,mercia1 and manuscript paintings exist of a ,saxon chief1 his huntsman and a brace of ,greyhounds in the ninth century4 ,although not generally credited with much more intelligence than to view a hare and run after it until he catches it1 or it gets away1 ,i mention later on in this book1 some tales of his sagacity which ,i believe are well authenticated1 and will now give a detailed description of the breed3-- ,points of the ,greyhound4--,head1 narrow and fine1 with sufficient muscle2 nose should be straight 7not curved1 many1 otherwise good1 are spoiled by ,roman noses72 nasal sinuses not developed2 eyes full and bright1 full of life2 semi-erect1 small1 well shaped ears2 neck long1 slightly curved2 chest capacious1 plenty of lung power1 deep rather than wide2 shoulders deep1 narrow at top1 like racehorses' shoulders in their position2 forelegs straight1 well set on1 well muscled2 forearms1 long1 strong and muscular2 feet compact1 and not too long2 well arched ribs2 wide1 large and muscular hips2 long1 strong1 slightly arched back2 hocks and knees placed low2 coat glossy as satin 7many good performers however1 have been the reverse of this72 ,colours3 white1 red1 brindle1 blue and white1 fawn1 black1 red and fawn1 etc41 quite a matter of taste4 ,it is thought1 by some people1 that more great winners have been produced from the blacks1 and black and whites1 than from any other colours4 ,as far as show winners are concerned1 and ,i have had scores of the breed before me1 ,i am inclined to think brindles1 blacks and fawns have been the most often the winning colours4 ,illustration3 ,,deerhound1 ,,ch4 ,,selwood ,,dhouran4 ,r4 ,,hood ,,wright1 ,,owner4 ,the ,scotch ,deerhound4--,although ,i have often seen these graceful animals 7as we know was the case with ,sir ,walter ,scott71 made inmates of the house1 there is a rugged1 moorland1 and1 withal1 business-like look about them which gives you the idea they would be more at home in the open air1 on the heather1 or the mountain side1 for choice1 than in the most luxurious house dwelling4 ,it is some time since ,i had any of them1 but ,i was very partial to the breed1 and used to exhibit for some time1 and well remember the grace and activity often displayed by some of my specimens4 ,i always go and have a look at them at the shows4 ,i am not quite convinced they are making much progress1 just now1 although undoubtedly there are good specimens4 ,there are so many new breeds being brought out and pushed forward1 some of the older ones are apt to be neglected4 ,the ,points of ,scotch ,deerhound4--,the points of this breed are stated by a well known breeder and exhibitor as follows3--,head1 long and narrow1 tapering gradually from the ears1 knee flat2 nose1 black1 occasionally a blue black1 and pointed1 lips level1 ears small1 set on high and carried in a fold1 soft1 silky1 and free from long hairs2 neck long but strong1 nape very prominent1 shoulders sloping1 toes close and arched1 chest deep1 body long1 but well ribbed up2 loins arched with great breadth across hips1 stifle well bent1 thighs long2 tail set on low1 curved but not coated1 coat rough and harsh on body1 mane on neck and slight fringe on inside of legs1 thighs1 and tail4 ,colours3 all shades from dark blue or black brindled1 to light grey brindled1 fallow1 fawn1 dun and drab4 ,white markings often seen on chest and feet1 but most objectionable4 ,illustration3 ,,irish ,,wolfhound ,,ch4 ,,sheelah ,,capn ,,graham ,,owner4 ,the ,irish ,wolf ,hound4--,i think nearly all persons who take any interest in this grand old breed1 stated to have been well known to and greatly prized by the ,romans1 in old times1 are aware that no one of the present generation has devoted more time and trouble1 in diving into the history of the breed in the past1 and doing his utmost1 both by experimental breeding1 and stirring up a similar ardour in others1 to revive at least some of the past glories of the breed1 in the present and future1 than ,captain ,george ,graham1 of ,dursley1 and ,i venture to make some quotations from an excellent and interesting article of his on the subject1 as being the highest authority procurable3 ,the form of the old ,irish ,wolfhound should be that of a tall1 heavy ,scotch ,deerhound1 much more massive1 and very majestic looking1 active and fast1 perhaps less so than our present breed of ,deerhounds2 neck thick in comparison to his form1 and very muscular1 body and frame lengthy4 ,head1 long but narrow1 coming to a comparative point towards the nose1 which is rather large2 and head gradually getting broader from the same evenly up to the back of the skull1 not sharp up to the eyes and then suddenly broad and humpy4 ,coat1 rough1 hard and long all over the body1 head1 legs and tail4 ,hair on head1 long1 but rather softer than on body1 standing out boldly over eyes1 beard under jaws1 very marked and wiry4 ,colours3 black1 grey1 brindle1 red1 and fawn1 though white dogs were esteemed in former times4 ,ears1 small in proportion to size of head1 and erect1 as in ,smooth ,greyhounds4 ,if dark in colour1 to be preferred4 ,the tail1 should be carried with an upward curve only1 and not be curled as is the case with many ,greyhounds4 ,size4 ,we may safely deduce that the height of these dogs varied from thirty-two to thirty-four inches1 and even thirty-five in the dogs1 and from twenty-nine to thirty-one in the bitches4 ,the other dimensions would naturally be about as follows for well shaped and true formed dogs4 ,girth of chest4 ,dogs thirty-eight to forty-four inches2 bitches thirty-two to thirty-four inches4 ,weight4 ,dogs one-hundred and fifteen to one hundred and forty pounds2 bitches ninety to one hundred and fifteen pounds4 ,girth of forearm4 ,dogs ten to twelve inches2 bitches eight and one-half to ten inches4 ,length of head4 ,dogs twelve and one-half to fourteen inches2 bitches eleven to twelve inches4 ,most modern authors1 and all practical lovers of the canine race whom the writer has consulted1 are agreed that the foregoing is the correct type of dog beyond question4 ,show ,points of the ,irish ,wolf ,hound4--,skull1 long but rather narrow in proportion to the animal's height and weight1 very gradually tapering to the nose1 which should be large2 ears small2 eyes dark hazel2 neck of fair length and very muscular2 shoulders sloping1 chest rather wide and very deep2 body long and very powerful1 though free from any suspicion of clumsiness2 forelegs1 straight1 and heavy in bone2 feet1 compact1 and of a good size and well padded2 hindquarters1 very muscular1 with bent stifles and hocks2 tail carried rather upward in similar form2 coat1 profuse1 hard1 and weather resisting2 brindle1 black1 or fawn are the most usual colours1 though whites are known4 ,size1 as tall as possible4 ,illustration3 ,,borzoi1 ,,ch4 ,,alex ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,princess ,,of ,,wales1 ,,owner4 ,the ,borzois4--,i will next deal with the ,borzois1 the name of the ,russian ,wolf ,hounds1 which have become so much more numerous of late years1 and are being patronised not only by many of the nobility and gentry1 but even by ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the ,princess of ,wales4 ,the portrait of a champion from ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 kennels illustrates this variety4 ,i remember ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the ,prince of ,wales exhibited some specimens of this breed a good many years ago1 at ,warwick1 on one of the many occasions of my judging there1 and if ,i remember rightly ,lady ,charles ,innes ,ker was also an exhibitor of the breed at the same show1 but those shown by the latter1 although what would at the present day1 be considered small and weedy specimens1 were more1 in colour1 coat and type1 like those now imported from ,russia1 while those then shown by ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the ,prince 7although1 ,i think1 stated to be a present to him from the then ,emperor of ,russia17 were pale cream1 or freestone1 colour1 with harsher coats1 and more altogether on the style of very light coloured ,scotch ,deerhounds4 ,i may say1 however1 that for elegance1 elasticity1 beauty of form1 and movement1 there is no breed to surpass the ,borzois and ,i have no doubt they will continue to increase in popularity4 ,the points most sought after in the breed are3--narrow1 domed1 and long skulls1 long1 powerful jaws1 with rather arched noses1 soft and intelligent expression2 very powerful1 slightly arched and longish sides1 on sloping shoulders1 deep but rather narrow chests2 backs rising in a gradual curve at loins1 very muscular1 but appearance of being rather tucked up2 forelegs straight1 strong and well under body2 feet close and well padded2 hindquarters immensely muscular and powerful1 backs well let down1 tail carried low1 in a graceful curve2 coat profuse and silky looking1 colours usually white with lemon1 grey or red markings1 but self-coloured specimens are often seen2 the general appearance is that of a high bred1 distinguished looking1 graceful animal1 something the shape and size of a ,scotch ,deerhound1 but differing from it in many respects4 ,as ,i judged this breed long before there was any club or classes provided for it1 ,i have always taken much interest in it1 and been pleased to see how rapidly it has come into public favour4 ,illustration3 ,,whippet ,,ch4 ,,enterprise ,h4 ,,vickers1 ,,owner4 ,the ,whippet4--,although their size and elegance of shape would make them eligible1 ,i think1 the ,whippet1 or ,running ,dog1 as he is sometimes called1 is not often kept strictly as a pet or companion1 but more often as a means of a little speculation on its fleetness of foot4 ,no doubt most of my readers will be aware1 it is a small sized ,greyhound1 rather long in head1 wide between the eyes1 flat at top1 jaw powerful but clean1 level teeth1 bright eyes1 small rose ears1 long1 arched neck1 no throatiness1 muscular1 oblique shoulders1 deep chest1 strong loins1 arched back1 rather long and broad4 ,legs straight1 short and muscular thighs1 feet round and well split up1 tail tapering and long1 with good carriage4 ,coat fine and close1 colours1 white1 brindle1 fawn1 blue1 red1 black1 and mixtures of each4 ,of late years there has been greatly revived interest taken in these dogs1 and considerable prizes have been offered for their competition4 ,i have noticed also a marked increase in the entries at shows providing classes for them1 and on several occasions1 at the larger shows1 ,i have had good classes containing many beautiful specimens of this breed1 which is so largely kept by colliers and others of the working classes in the ,black ,country4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,terriers ,,used ,,in ,,sport ,,fox--,,dandie ,,dinmonts--,,skyes--,,scottish ,illustration3 7,,old ,,type47 ,,smooth ,,fox ,,terrier ,,belgrave ,,joe ,l4 ,,turner1 ,,owner ,illustration3 7,,new ,,type7 ,,smooth ,,fox ,,terrier ,,ch4 ,,claud ,,duval ,g4 ,,raper ,,owner4 ,fox ,terriers4--,as this breed is associated with my first prize1 when a schoolboy1 now1 some years since1 but when dog shows were much rarer than ,black ,swans1 were supposed to be1 ,i have always taken much interest in it1 and have had many good specimens of both the ,smooth1 and ,wirehaired1 varieties into which the breed is divided4 ,they are both very good and both have hosts of admirers4 ,some of the fanciers now exhibiting1 will remember1 with me1 the time when no classes were provided for the ,wirehairs1 and you had 7as ,i have often done7 to show them as ,broken-haired ,terriers1 and often meet in your class nearly all the members of that heterogeneous family1 such as ,dandies1 ,skyes1 ,bedlingtons1 ,scottish 7,airedales did not exist then71 ,irish1 and old ,english1 enough to try the temper of judge and exhibitors1 and making the decision quite a matter of the specimen best shower and shown4 ,but since those days1 ,fox ,terriers have enjoyed a long term of popularity1 and so far from the ,wirehaired section being ignored1 ,i have seen at some shows more entries in it than that of their ,smooth brethren1 and the figures given for high class specimens1 are certainly not far behind1 even if they are not before1 them4 ,of course1 hundreds1 in fact the great majority of the ,fox ,terriers in the country1 have never seen a ,fox1 and probably never will1 in the course of their natural life1 and 7as ,i said of many of the ,dachshunds we see about1 and the ,badgers1 so ,i say of very many of the ,fox ,terriers to be met with everywhere7 so much the better for them1 as a ,fox1 in his earth1 which is where a ,terrier is wanted to deal with him1 is not a milk and water animal to tackle1 as a rule1 and it requires strength1 perseverance1 pluck and ability on the part of his assailants4 ,i think the following description of the necessary points required1 as expressed by my friend ,mr4 ,francis ,redmond1 well known to many of my readers as a very successful breeder1 exhibitor1 and judge of the breed1 will fitly conclude my brief notice3--,the points of greatest importance in the ,fox ,terrier are3 ,head1 ears1 legs and feet1 neck1 and shoulders1 back1 loin and hindquarters1 smartness1 activity1 size1 and ',terrier character4' ,head4 ,the skull should be flat and moderately narrow1 broader between the ears and gradually tapering to the eyes1 free from wrinkle4 ,but little slope1 or indentation1 should be visible1 except in profile4 ,the jaw should be clean cut1 rather long1 powerful and muscular1 with little or any fullness or bulging out at the cheeks4 ,there is a very slight falling away below the eyes1 but this must be very gradual1 and not to such an extent as to give a snipey1 or wedgy1 appearance4 ,the lips should be fairly tight1 without any superfluous skin4 ,the nose must be quite black4 ,the eyes should be small1 not set too wide apart1 neither too much sunk1 or protruding1 dark-rimmed1 full of life1 and intelligence4 ,the teeth1 strong1 and level1 incisors just closing over the under ones4 ,the ears1 to which great importance is attached1 ,v shaped1 rather small1 fairly thick and carried forward1 flat1 and close to the cheek4 ,the neck should be of fair length1 clean and muscular1 well set1 with shoulders tapering gradually to head4 ,the shoulders1 fine at the points1 long and sloping1 chest deep1 narrow rather than broad4 ,shoulders and chest have of late received much attention by judges2 heavy shoulders and broad chests are no good for these dogs' work4 ,back and loin4 ,back should be straight and strong1 the ribs well sprung1 loin strong1 wide and square1 back ribs deep4 ,loin may be slightly arched1 but with no approach to 'wheel back4' ,hindquarters must be very strong1 wide seen from behind1 thighs with plenty of muscle1 long as well as large1 stifles slightly bent1 hocks straight4 ,bone1 short and strong from hock to heel4 ,stern set on rather high1 carried gaily1 not carried above a 'right angle' with back2 if anything1 a trifle coarse4 ,legs and feet4 ,point of extreme value1 to which greatest attention should be given4 ,elbows well let down1 in straight line with body4 ,forelegs1 however viewed1 'straight as gun barrels1' with upright1 powerful1 pasterns2 strong in bone1 clothed with muscle from elbow to foot1 giving a most solid1 unbroken appearance2 feet1 round1 and cat-like1 very compact1 toes short and only moderately arched1 soles hard as adamant2 foot should neither turn in or out1 if any deviation1 should turn in2 no dew-claws behind4 ,the ,coat should be smooth1 harsh in texture1 very close and abundant1 a jacket to protect wearer from all weathers4 ,colours3 white should predominate4 ,brindle1 fallow1 liver1 or red1 markings are objectionable4 ,size4 ,the ,fox ,terrier must neither be leggy or too near the ground1 neither must he be cloddy1 but should have plenty of 'liberty1' and galloping power1 with good bone and substance2 fair speed and endurance being essentially requisite for his legitimate calling4 ,seventeen pounds in hard working condition is a fair average weight1 but this may vary a pound or so either way4 ,make1 shape1 good shoulders and chest1 being far better criterions1 in this respect1 than actual weight4-- ,illustration3 7,,old ,,type7 ,,wirehaired ,,foxterrier ,,ch4 ,,lory ,c4 ,h4 ,,lane ,,owner4 ,illustration3 7,,new ,,type7 ,,wirehaired ,,foxterrier ,,ch4 ,,roper',s ,,nut-,,crack4 ,,sir ,h4 ,,de ,,trafford ,,bt4 ,,owner4 ,the above applies to ,smooth1 but is also an excellent standard for ,wirehaired ,fox ,terriers1 which are judged on same lines1 except coat1 which in the latter1 should be about two inches long1 and very dense1 and wiry1 not shaggy1 or woolly1 on any account4 ,illustration3 ,,dandy-,,dinmont4 ,,ch4 ,,blacket-,,house ,,yet ,,mrs4 ,,rayner1 ,,owner4 ,dandies4--,a very sterling and genuine breed is the ,dandie ,dinmont ,terrier1 which was1 ,i think1 first brought to public notice by the writings of ,sir ,walter ,scott1 and as ,i have bred1 owned1 exhibited and judged more of them than most people1 ,i may be allowed to say they are highly intelligent 7according to my experience1 much more so than any breed of ,terrier1 and ,i believe ,i have kept most of them71 devoted to their owners born sportsmen1 being always open for anything in the way of sport on land or in water1 full of dash and spirit1 have a quaint and picturesque appearance1 and make ideal companions for either sex4 ,of course they are ,scottish by birth and origin1 but1 the more they are seen and known1 the better they will be liked1 and they have been so much introduced into ,england1 and good specimens bought up1 that1 at one time1 even if not now1 there were more good ones in ,england than could be met with in any part of ,scotland4 ,there are only supposed to be two colours allowed in ,dandies1 ,pepper1 which is a sort of pepper and salt1 composed of light and dark bluish greys1 with topknots of silvery white1 and ,mustard1 which is a kind of pale yellowish fawn1 darker on the neck and back than below1 and also with a light silvery topknot4 ,a ,dandie of high class1 of either colour1 shown in good coat and form1 is a very beautiful little dog1 and fit company for the highest in the land1 and1 as ,i said of the last breed ,i mentioned1 may be seen in the possession of all classes4 ,i am not quite certain whether ,her ,majesty the ,queen continues to keep the breed4 ,i do not remember seeing any at ,windsor1 but ,i know that in the lifetime of the late lamented ,prince ,consort1 there were ,dandies and ,skyes amongst the royal pets4 ,where a person desires to keep but one dog1 and wishes to make a friend and companion of it1 ,i do not think that they could improve upon a ,dandie1 as they make incomparable house dogs4 ,i am speaking from a long and intimate experience of them1 as ,i have bred1 owned1 shown and judged hundreds of them1 and ,i have rarely found any1 who have kept them1 but speak in the highest terms of their many charming qualities1 and continue to take an interest in the breed1 perhaps1 long after they have any specimens of it left1 and in many cases1 several generations of the same families have kept them on4 ,in build they are low to the ground1 with long bodies1 short legs1 possessed of great strength and endurance1 and certainly one of the most muscular breeds of its size with which ,i am acquainted1 their quaint1 dignified bearing1 and deep bark are marked characteristics4 ,the following are the points of the breed1 as set out by me for publication1 very many years since1 and ,i am not aware they have ever been altered3--,head apparently large in proportion to size1 skull fairly wide and covered with top-knot of silky1 light hair1 muzzle deep and moderately broad1 jaws of great strength1 teeth level1 ears not thick or wide1 and feathered to a point1 eyes dark hazel1 very lustrous and intelligent 7dark markings round the eyes very desirable in ,pepper ,dandies71 chest deep1 forelegs as straight as compatible with lowness1 and1 as well as in loins and hindquarters1 showing great bone and muscle1 tail carried rather gaily1 weight under twenty-four pounds1 bitches under twenty-two pounds4 ,colours1 pepper or mustard4 ,illustration3 ,,dropeared ,,skye ,,ch4 ,,ballochmy ,,le ,,bashful ,,sir ,,claude ,,alexander ,,bart ,,owner4 ,skyes4--,perhaps it will be in order here to mention their fellow countrymen1 the ,skyes1 also admirably adapted as companions and house dogs1 the main advantages ,dandies can claim over them being1 in carrying less coat1 and being rather more active4 ,although blacks1 and fawns with black points1 are occasionally seen1 the predominant colours of ,skyes are1 undoubtedly1 various shades of grey1 from light silver to dark iron and steel4 ,the breed is divided into two varieties1 principally distinguished by the carriage of their ears1 and known as ,dropeared and ,prickeared2 in the former1 the ears being rather large and pendulous to the sides of the head1 and in the latter1 the ears are carried as by the ,pomeranians2 each variety has its admirers1 and some1 as ,i have done1 keep both sorts1 but ,i think there are many more prick-eared to be seen1 than drop-eared4 ,these dogs are more active1 intelligent and courageous than would be supposed from their appearance1 and form strong attachments to their owners4 ,owing to the unsatisfactory management of one1 and the dissolution of the other1 of the clubs1 founded many years since in ,scotland1 and ,england1 for the encouragement of this breed 7which is another of those either still1 or formerly1 favoured by royal patronage1 both at ,windsor and ,sandringham71 things have not been going on swimmingly1 for some years past1 in the ,skye world1 but ,i know there are a few zealous breeders still pegging away with their kennels1 and ,i am in hopes the interests and fortunes of the breed will be again revived1 and some more specimens brought forward1 as good1 or better1 than any seen in the past4 ,the greatest fault ,i find with nearly all the best specimens brought out of late years1 is their size1 as in my opinion1 and ,i have probably seen all the best brought out during the last twenty-five years1 their weight should not exceed twenty-five pounds1 even with dogs1 and with bitches two or three pounds less1 with preference for small1 good ones1 long1 low1 hard in coat1 strong in bone1 and muzzle1 and not toys4 ,with proper care and attention1 a ,skye may be made a most beautiful animal1 as is proved by one of the inmates of a well known kennel1 on one occasion1 actually pulling off1 and on another1 getting placed ,reserve1 for the highest possible honour at a first class ,london show1 where all the competitors were champions of their several varieties4 ,illustration3 ,,prick-,,eared ,,skye ,,ch4 of ,,ch4 ,,duchess ,mrs ,w4 ,j4 ,,hughes ,,owner4 ,the points in ,skyes are usually considered to be as follows3 ,head long with powerful jaws and level teeth4 ,skull wide in front1 narrowing between ears and tapering gradually towards muzzle1 with little falling in between or behind the eyes4 ,eyes1 close set1 medium size1 dark hazel4 ,muzzle always black4 ,ears pendant1 or pricked1 in the former full and well feathered1 lying close to face in front1 and in the latter standing bolt upright1 with a little feathering at the tip1 standing towards each other at inner edges from peak to skull4 ,body1 preeminently long and low1 shoulders broad1 chest deep1 ribs oval shaped1 and well sprung1 giving flattish appearance to sides4 ,hindquarters and flanks full and well developed4 ,level back4 ,neck long and slightly crested2 tail1 when raised1 a prolongation of the incline of the back1 gracefully feathered on lower side1 and not rising higher or curling over back4 ,legs1 short1 straight and muscular1 without dew claws4 ,feet rather large and pointing forward4 ,under coat1 short1 close1 soft and woolly4 ,over coat1 hard1 straight1 flat and crisp1 averaging five and one-half inches long4 ,hair on head shorter1 softer1 and veiling forehead and eyes2 on ears1 overhanging1 inside falling down and mingling with side locks1 not heavily1 but surrounding the ear like a fringe1 and allowing the shape to appear4 ,colours3 dark or light blue1 grey1 or steel1 or fawn with black points4 ,weight not exceeding twenty-four pounds1 a few pounds less1 better than any higher1 as so many good specimens are spoilt by being coarse1 at least1 this is my opinion1 after considerable practical experience of the breed1 and being one of its staunchest admirers4 ,illustration3 ,,hard-,,haired ,,scotch ,,terrier ,,ch4 ,,killdee ,h4 ,j4 ,,ludlow ,owner4 ,scottish ,terriers4--,one of the misfortunes of being a general lover of animals1 is that you can never tell which sort you like best1 there are so many breeds1 ,i have bred and exhibited1 and ,i think all breeds ,i have judged1 and ,i am identified with so many1 which are presumed to be my prime favourites1 but1 it is a positive fact1 although ,i have never before mentioned it1 that1 some of the breeds1 in which1 ,i have had the largest entries1 for years and years1 were taken up by me1 so warmly1 because1 ,i thought them in low water1 and in danger of extinction without they were encouraged1 that they were not at all favourites of mine4 ,but ,i do not intend to disclose preference for any particular variety1 beyond what my friends may know1 or others may gather from the contents of this book1 but this ,i will say of the ,scottish ,terrier1 that if ,i was not the first1 as mentioned hereafter in my ,doggy ,anecdotes1 in this work1 to introduce him into this country1 more than twenty-five years since1 ,i must have been one of the earliest1 as ,i never saw one here until long after arrival of my ,fraochen 7whose life-like picture1 coming through the underwood with a ,rabbit in his mouth1 hangs by me while ,i pen these lines674 ,as ,i said of the ,dandie1 and might say of the ,irish ,terrier1 that where a man1 or woman1 for that matter1 as they are capital specimens for either sex1 wants to keep only one dog1 they cannot better one of those three breeds4 ,they are as true as steel1 devoted as pals1 and faithful as dogs6 ,the great uniformity of type1 and character1 now seen in the large classes of these game and picturesque-looking little fellows1 at the larger shows1 proves the amount of care and attention which has been devoted to them by breeders1 within the last quarter of a century4 ,the usual colours are1 shades of black1 dark grey and grizzle1 and sometimes stone colour4 ,my friend1 the late ,capt4 ,keen1 made an effort to introduce whites1 but ,i do not think it came to much4 ,although1 ,i am glad to say1 the enthusiasm for the breed in ,north-,britain1 has not abated1 not a few good specimens1 and to my certain knowledge 7for ,i have the pleasure of numbering them amongst my friends71 not a few keen fanciers of ,scottish ,terriers1 exist on this side of the border1 and it is always my wish1 with them1 when they meet1 as with every other kind of stock1 in rivalry1 may the best win1 and the loser do his best to turn the tables next time4 ,with these few remarks on a breed on which much more could be said1 if space and time permitted1 ,i will give3 ,the ,points of the ,scottish ,terrier4--,skull of good length1 rather inclined to be curved in shape1 covered with short hair1 and showing a drop between the eyes2 muzzle1 very powerful1 and not too pointed2 nose1 large and black2 teeth1 extremely large2 eyes1 dark1 small1 piercing in expression1 and very bright2 ears1 very small1 sharp at the corners1 and carried erect2 neck1 short1 and powerful2 chest1 rather wide1 and very deep2 body1 only moderately long1 and very powerful at the loins2 forelegs1 straight1 short1 and heavy in bone1 with small1 compact feet1 well padded with hair between the toes2 hindquarters very muscular and the hocks well bent2 tail of fair length and carried rather gaily2 coat1 very harsh1 and weather resisting2 colours1 dark grey1 black1 brindle1 red or wheaten4 ,much white marking being very objectionable4 ,part ,,ii ,,contents ,,part ,,ii ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,work ,,chap4 ,,page ,,viii4 ,st4 ,bernards1 ,newfoundlands1 ,mastiffs1 ,dalmatians #adg ,,ix4 ,sheep ,dogs3--,rough ,collies1 ,smooth ,collies1 ,old ,english #afi ,x4 ,bull ,dogs1 ,bull ,terriers1 ,boston ,terriers #agi ,,xi4 ,terriers1--,irish1 ,airedale1 ,bedlington1 ,black and ,tan1 ,old ,english #aii ,,chapter ,,viii ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,work ,,st4 ,,bernards--,,newfoundlands--,,mastiffs- -,,dalmatians ,illustration3 ,,rough ,,st ,,bernard ,,ch4 ,,sir ,,bedivere ,s4 ,,smith ,,owner4 ,illustration3 ,,smooth ,,st ,,bernard ,,ch4 ,,guide ,j4 ,f4 ,,smith ,,owner4 ,st4 ,bernards4--,although apparently so much removed from the breeds1 ,i have been deeply associated with for the last twenty-five years1 ,i am bound to say ,i have always been a great admirer of ,st4 ,bernards1 and can well remember many years ago1 at a show held at ,laycock's ,dairy ,yard1 ,islington1 being struck with admiration at the team shown there by ,mr4 ,cumming ,macdona 7at that time1 and for some years later1 a name to conjure with in the ,st4 ,bernard world71 and afterwards ,i was a great admirer of my friend ,mr4 ,gresham's ,hector and ,abbess 7two of the best ,i had seen in possession of one owner7 and many more1 too numerous to mention4 ,i am inclined to think the breed is not quite as popular as it was some years since1 and that the entries at most of our best shows are neither as large1 nor as good1 as they were4 ,the points desired are as follows3--,the head very massive and large1 showing great depth from eye to lower jaw2 the face rather short2 muzzle wide1 deep1 and cut off square2 the lips should hang down well and be rather loose2 the stop well defined1 but not too abrupt2 the skull massive and well rounded1 eyes dark in colour1 of medium size1 rather deeply set1 the lower eyelid drooping slightly1 so as to show a little of the red haw2 ears rather small1 lying well to the cheek1 and very slightly feathered in the ,rough variety2 nose black in colour1 wide and deep2 legs very straight1 with great bone and muscle1 hocks and stifle well bent2 feet large and compact2 body rather long1 broad1 straight and ribs well rounded4 ,the coat of the ,smooth or ,short-coated variety1 should be very close1 thick and slightly brokenhaired4 ,in the ,rough variety the coat should be dense and flat1 of medium length1 not woolly1 rather longer on the neck1 thighs and tail4 ,colour and markings3 orange1 orange and tawny1 and all shades of brindle1 and red2 the markings should be as follows3--,white muzzle1 white blaze up face1 the white being shaded with black1 also black shadings on the ears1 white collar round neck1 white chest1 legs and tip of tail4 ,the body may be white with patches of any of above colours4 ,illustration3 ,bk ,,newfoundland4 ,,ch4 ,,wolf ,,of ,,badenoch4 ,mrs ,,ingleton ,,owner4 ,illustration3 ,,landseer-,,newfoundland4 ,,ch4 ,,kettering ,,wonder4 ,,lady ,,tollemache ,,owner4 ,newfoundlands4--,there are few of the non-sporting breeds which have received more notice in the newspapers than the ,newfoundland dog1 being so often associated with saving of life on the sea coasts1 or on the banks of some of our rivers1 and ,i think there are few1 if any1 dogs so really and naturally fond of the water1 and being possessed of strength and courage1 they are often able to render valuable aid4 ,at one time ,i feared they were becoming almost extinct1 and ,i think the many and very beautiful specimens we now see at our shows1 are mainly due to my old friend1 ,mr4 ,edwin ,nichols1 of ,kensington1 who took up the breed very warmly some years ago1 and became one of the most shining lights in the ,newfoundland world4 ,i remember1 his ideas of the points to be sought after were as follows3--,head to be broad and massive1 with a flat skull and somewhat square muzzle2 ears small1 in proportion to size of the animal1 and lying close to the head2 coat straight1 dense and capable of resisting water2 tail carried gaily1 but not curled over the back4 ,colours3 black1 black and white1 or bronze4 ,average weights1 one hundred pounds for dogs and eighty-five pounds for bitches4 ,general appearance that of a dignified1 thoughtful1 and thoroughly reliable guard1 companion1 or friend1 with a great deal of character4 ,illustration3 ,,mastiff ,,ch4 ,,beaufort ,w4 ,k4 ,,taunton ,,owner4 ,the ,mastiff4--,this1 which is usually considered one of the ,national breeds of this kingdom1 is a splendid fellow1 stylish and imperious in manner and bearing1 and fit to be the associate of the very highest in the land4 ,i don't think ,i can do better than quote the opinion of ,mr4 ,m4 ,b4 ,wynn1 whom ,i well remember as a frequent exhibitor1 breeder and judge of this variety1 some years ago4 ,he says3--,what ,i consider a true type of the ,british ,mastiff4 ,head1 this is the most important feature1 it should be broad between ears1 and broad between the eyes4 ,the stop should extend up the face to a considerable length2 forehead wrinkled and flat2 cheeks very prominent2 muzzle broad1 blunt and heavy1 and as deep as possible2 profile square1 and the under jaw1 if any thing1 to be undershot2 eyes small and to be deeply set1 with a deal of loose skin down the sides of the face2 ears small and either half erect1 or wholly pendant1 and thin to the touch4 ,body3 ,chest deep and thick through1 broad between forelegs2 loin1 broad1 flat1 heavy2 body long4 ,stern3 ,many good breeders prefer a long one1 but ,i do not care for it to reach much below the hock4 ,legs1 broad1 round1 massive1 straight4 ,height3 this is a much disputed point4 ,the taller the better1 provided the weight corresponds in proportion4 ,a dog standing twenty-eight inches high1 ought to weigh in good condition one hundred and twenty-five pounds1 and for every inch in height above that 7i4 e41 twenty-eight inches7 the weight ought to increase from eight to ten pounds4 ,but over thirty inches1 a still greater increase1 in proportion4 ,many good dogs are only twenty-eight and twenty-nine inches high1 but from thirty-one to thirty-three are to be desired4 ,height should ever be accompanied with massive build and length1 and should proceed from the shoulder to the elbow1 rather than from the elbow to the foot4 ,i mean the height of the dog should be derived from the depth of the chest1 rather than from over-legginess1 as this must tend to develop the weight1 more or less1 of the whole animal4 ,colour1 after all1 is the last requisite1 since you may breed in a few generations1 any colour you please4 ,the purest fawns have descended from the most decided brindles1 and from time to time1 the white face1 especially1 has and will occur1 and generally in the finest specimens1 and those which most closely resemble the paintings of their progenitors4 ,i am an advocate for fineness of coat1 but not at the expense of other more characteristic features4 ,points of the ,mastiff4--,the show points of this breed have been set out as follows3--,head large and massive1 skull flatly rounded1 muzzle square1 broad and deep1 teeth level1 eyes dark brown or hazel coloured and wide apart in setting2 front legs straight1 muscular and with great bone2 chest deep2 loins strong and wide4 ,size of secondary importance1 so long as symmetry is retained4 ,colours3 brindled1 or apricot fawn1 in both cases noses1 muzzles and ears black4 ,general appearance that of a massive1 dignified and fine looking animal1 well suited as a guard or reliable companion4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,black ,,spotted ,,dalmatian ,,bitch ,,ch4 ,,berolina ,e4 ,t4 ,,parker ,,owner4 ,the ,dalmatian4--,this is a breed ,i have bred and kept for many years and ,i have had the pleasure of judging some of the largest classes of them ever seen1 if ,i remember rightly1 having nearly sixty entries on one occasion1 at the ,crystal ,palace1 and large classes at the ,royal ,agricultural ,hall1 ,earl's ,court1 ,birmingham and other places4 ,at one time they got down to a very low ebb1 in numbers1 but ,i think they are now coming forward again1 as ,i had a very good lot before me at the last show of the ,kennel ,club4 ,i think they have more of the ,pointer type than that of any other breed about them although ,i have used them entirely as companions and guards1 and there is no doubt they have a natural talent as carriage dogs1 and are very fond of horses2 ,i know they are exclusively used in ,italy and other parts of the ,continent of ,europe for sporting purposes1 and they are often included in troupes of performing dogs1 in some of which ,i have seen very accomplished specimens1 seeming to adapt themselves to the work1 particularly of a humorous character1 with much spirit and to be easily trained4 ,of course1 as show dogs1 their markings are of great importance4 ,i have for some time been trying to bring forward more specimens of the liver1 as well as the black1 spotted variety1 which is now so seldom seen4 ,prince #dth1 and his handsome son1 ,champion ,fauntleroy1 a capital portrait of whom illustrates this variety1 and the bitch ,doncaster ,beauty1 are the three best of that colour1 ,i have seen for many years1 while ,fawdry's ,captain and ,leaho1 my ,lurth and ,leah1 and ,wilson's ,acrobat and ,parker's ,coming ,still1 and ,champion ,berolina 7formerly ,wilson's71 as well as ,hartley's ,treasure1 are the best of the black spotted variety seen for a very long time4 ,i have found them very docile and affectionate as well as more intelligent than many people suppose1 from seeing them running behind a carriage4 ,illustration3 ,,liver ,,spotted ,,dalmatian ,,ch4 ,,fontleroy4 ,w4 ,b4 ,,herman ,,owner4 ,points of the ,show ,dalmatian4--,the points of this breed are1 longish head1 flat skull1 with moderate stop2 long and powerful muzzle2 medium sized eyes1 dark for black spotted1 and light for the liver spotted variety2 ears rather small1 white with black or liver markings1 carried close to head2 nose black or liver1 according to markings on body2 neck arched and fairly long1 without throatiness2 very deep but not wide chest2 powerful back and well ribbed body2 muscular loins and straight legs1 compact1 well padded feet2 slightly curved1 tapering tail1 with markings on it same colour as on body1 carried rather gaily with an upward curve2 coat dense1 harsh and short4 ,ground colour1 white1 pure1 with spots on body1 ears and tail1 size of a shilling or larger1 clear and distinct1 not mixed or blurred1 colour of spots to be rather intense black1 or a rich liver4 ,weight from fifty to fifty-five pounds4 ,general appearance to be that of a showy1 stylish1 powerful and upstanding dog 7too many of even the good specimens shown1 are too small1 in my opinion71 much of the ,pointer type1 but higher on leg and altogether larger4 ,they should have a close1 fine coat1 which if kept in proper order1 should have almost such a shiny appearance as you see on a well groomed horse1 they are very lively1 cleanly1 affectionate1 and much more intelligent animals1 than is generally supposed1 and as they are exceedingly active1 and fond of exercise1 to those persons who like a cheerful comrade1 willing and able1 besides being an excellent guard1 to accompany them on their journeys on foot1 on horseback1 or when driving1 or even on bicycle1 when the travelling is at a moderate pace1 ,i think a ,dalmatian would be suitable4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,work 7,continued7 ,,sheep-,,dogs--,,rough ,,collies--,,smooth ,,collies--,,old ,,english ,,sheep-,,dogs ,illustration3 ,,rough ,,collie ,,lochiel4 ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,princess ,,of ,,wales1 ,,owner4 ,the ,rough-coated ,collie is a very beautiful and interesting breed1 of a highly nervous temperament1 very intelligent1 and capable of much training for the performance of his natural work with the flocks4 ,those who have seen him1 at the ,sheepdog trials1 which are frequently held in various parts of the country1 but more particularly in ,wales1 can testify to the patience1 care1 judgment and discretion1 shown by many of the competitors1 who1 in these cases1 have usually three strange sheep to conduct a long distance1 over a course marked out by flags on small posts stuck in the ground at intervals1 and put them into a small pen1 usually made of three hurdles1 at the end of the course1 no one being allowed to accompany the dogs during the trial1 but merely to give directions from a distance1 by voice or gestures4 ,i am inclined to think the ,scotch ,collie is1 at the present time1 nearly the most popular breed of dog in the ,united ,kingdom1 and a really first class specimen1 good in head1 ears1 eyes1 shape1 size1 coat1 colour and brush1 is very valuable4 ,this is another breed favoured in high places1 ,her ,majesty ,the ,queen1 the ,princess of ,wales 7one of whose specimens illustrates this variety71 the ,countess of ,warwick1 and many more distinguished persons too numerous to particularize1 being amongst those who have extended their patronage to this favourite breed of dog4 ,the points to be desired in this breed1 are as follows3--,long head1 skull not too wide or round1 obliquely set eyes1 dark and expressive1 small ears1 set rather far back and high1 raised semi-erect1 technically known as half-pricked1 when excited1 with points slightly forward and hanging down2 frame sinewy1 active and well knit2 deep but wide in chest2 straight forelegs1 feathered at back1 with well bent hocks1 strong compact feet2 dense undercoat of warm1 woolly hair1 with coat of hard hair over1 intensely full over the shoulders1 neck and chest1 tail carried in a graceful curve and not over back1 profusely feathered on lower side1 colours usually shades of black1 sable grey1 blue and red1 with or without white2 size from forty-five to sixty-five for dogs1 and for bitches something less4 ,the general appearance of a strong1 active and very intelligent dog1 eager and ready to obey his master's orders4 ,illustration3 ,,smooth ,,collie ,,ch4 ,,lady ,,nellie ,c4 ,h4 ,,lane ,,owner4 ,i must not omit to mention the ,smooth ,collie1 another variety4 ,i have long bred and kept it4 ,it also is distinguished for its great activity4 ,i remember1 in particular1 one merle bitch of this breed ,i had who would run up a rough stone wall ten feet high1 like a cat1 and jump down the other side1 and ,i have frequently seen her take a run and go over the large wooden doors leading into my stable yard2 she was a marvel1 but ,i have had many others1 who have surprised me by their athletic performances4 ,some of the most intelligent work of any breed of sheep dog has been done by ,smooth ,collies4 ,a black and light brown bitch1 of what ,i may call ,bloodhound colour1 which ,i had some years since 7her portrait illustrates this variety71 had again and again beaten all competitors and taken gold and silver medals at ,sheep ,dog trials in ,england and ,wales1 and was superior in intelligence to most two-legged animals of any variety4 ,if in charge of a flock of sheep1 on a narrow road1 or lane1 and they got jammed1 she would either jump the wall or hedge1 at side1 and run down to head them1 or run over their backs to the front1 and drive them back to clear the course1 and she knew what was said to her almost before it was uttered4 ,the appearance of this breed is much like that of the ,rough1 or ,scotch ,collie1 except that the coat is short and sleek1 ears pricked and without feathering on them or the legs2 and the tail1 with only a slight fringe of hair on its lower side4 ,the favoured colours are merle 7which is a sort of mottled grey1 black and blue71 black and white1 tricolour1 and what ,i have before mentioned as ,bloodhound colour1 being black on the back1 and light tan-coloured brown all the rest of the body1 and it is considered an advantage1 rather than otherwise1 for one or both of the eyes to be wall1 or china1 coloured4 ,having used them for work1 as companions1 guards1 and as house pets1 ,i can speak very highly of ,smooth ,collies1 which1 ,i think1 are more kept in the north of ,england and in ,wales1 particularly the ,south1 than in any other parts of the country1 but ,i also think that if they were more known1 they would be more kept1 as they have many advantages in their favour1 and1 like other short-coated breeds1 their change of coat is hardly perceptible1 whereas we know how very unsightly is any long-coated breed of dog when out of coat4 ,the points of this breed are the same as in the ,rough-coated variety1 except in coat4 ,bobtail ,sheep ,dogs4--,another very favourite breed with many is the ,old ,english1 also called the ,short-tailed1 more commonly known as ,bobtailed ,sheep ,dogs1 and1 except for being rather large1 and carrying a heavy coat1 both of which are objections in a house1 they are very agreeable companions1 as they are very warm1 in fact devoted1 in their affections1 capital guards1 quick to learn and carry out their owner's wishes1 well able to take care of themselves in any difference with any other breed of dogs1 and so marvellously active1 and muscular1 that ,i have seen a ,bobtail win prizes in open jumping competition with all other breeds4 ,to look at them no one would have the slightest idea of their lively and active character4 ,i have had a great deal to do with them1 having kept and bred them for many years1 and almost my earliest remembrance of any kind of dog1 is connected with a shaggy old customer of this breed called ,billie1 belonging to a very old friend of mine1 at a ,somersetshire farm1 with whom ,i was on the closest terms of friendship1 and whose companionship used to impart a strong doggy odour to my garments on the occasions of my visiting him4 ,i am very pleased to say1 that this breed1 which had been much neglected on account of the influx of ,scotch ,collies1 and was even in danger of becoming almost extinct1 has been very much taken up the last few years1 and even in ,london you now often see very decent specimens accompanying fashionable ladies and carriages4 ,it may not be generally known1 but ,i have proved it by actual practice with a great many of my own specimens1 that a ,bobtail is a capital dog to follow carriage1 trap1 or a rider on horseback4 ,i have come many miles1 on the darkest nights1 across country roads and lanes1 with a couple following me1 and never knew an instance where they missed me1 or failed to turn up at the end of the journey1 and the same in the crowded streets of a large city ,i often visit4 ,it is supposed to be one of the oldest breeds of dog we have1 and in one of ,shakespeare's old ,english comedies1 which was lately mounted in unusually first class style1 and with many novel realistic effects1 by a popular and well known manager at a ,west ,end theatre1 a quaint old shepherd appeared on the stage accompanied by a rugged ,bobtail1 who made herself quite at home in her novel surroundings1 and gave a great finish to the scene4 ,the ,bobtail in question was lent by me1 and is the sister of a well known ,champion belonging to one of the most successful exhibitors and spirited buyers of ,sheep dogs in the ,united ,kingdom4 ,the points of this breed1 as show specimens1 are3--,head square and large1 eyes rather small and dark1 but wall or marble eyes are considered an advantage when obtainable1 particularly in light coloured specimens1 body should be large and powerful1 without coarseness1 sloping rather to front2 legs straight1 very strong and muscular1 well covered with hair down to toes1 hindquarters high and heavy1 ears small for size of animal1 neatly set on side of head1 densely coated with a harsh1 straight and broken coat1 of weather-resisting character1 colours very various1 but shades of blue1 particularly that known as pigeon blue1 mixed with white1 especially on head1 chest and forelegs1 most desired1 weight forty-five to fifty-five pounds4 ,champion ,cupid's ,dart1 whose portrait is here given1 is one of the best of the breed at present before the public4 ,illustration3 ,,old ,,english ,,sheep-,,dog4 ,,ch4 ,,cupid',s ,,dart ,f4 ,,wilmot4 ,,owner4 ,,chapter ,x ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,work 7,continued7 ,,bull ,,dogs--,,bull ,,terriers--,,boston ,,terriers ,illustration3 ,,bulldog ,,ch4 ,,blackberry ,s4 ,,woodiwiss ,,owner4 7,,large7 ,illustration3 ,,bulldog ,,barney ,,barnato ,g4 ,r4 ,,sims ,,owner4 7,,medium7 ,amongst the most popular breeds of late years1 has been one that would not be generally expected to be found in that capacity1 although it is a very old and national breed4 ,perhaps ,i should say that1 in reference to all the companionable breeds ,i have mentioned in these articles1 ,i mean more especially kept by ladies1 as when one speaks of such dogs1 one naturally thinks of animals not chained to a dog box1 or shut up in a kennel outside1 but brought into the house1 and1 literally treated as one of the family4 ,i refer to the ,bull ,dog1 and having owned and had to do with a great many of these1 ,i can testify to their usual good temper and placidity of disposition1 in spite of the many unfavourable comments we frequently hear about them4 ,indeed1 it is a rare thing to meet with a bad tempered ,bull dog1 and the majority of them will submit to great liberties being taken1 even by smaller dogs1 rather than attempt to take their own part1 and have little idea of fighting in the style practised by some other breeds4 ,but if they once make up their minds to go for any person1 or animal1 they are difficult to dislodge when they have taken hold4 ,the sizes are very various1 the dogs running from under forty pounds to over fifty-five pounds1 and the bitches from under thirty-five to under fifty pounds1 and of late years a class of ,toy ,bull dogs have been brought out1 which ,i mention elsewhere4 ,the head large1 small ears1 rather prominent eyes1 very short nose1 chin rather turned up and generally pugilistic look of the face1 with the body rather heavy in front1 swung between legs placed widely apart1 back short and curved1 technically called roached1 with mean hindquarters and a short tail1 with a downward turn in it if not screwed1 are familiar features of the breed to most people knowing anything of it1 and the colours are white1 white and brindle1 white and ,hound tan1 white and black1 brindle1 brindle and white1 brindle and fallow1 fawn with black muzzle1 fawn and white1 red1 red and white1 red and black1 black1 and black and white4 ,of course the brindles1 reds1 and fawns run into different shades of each1 but ,i think the foregoing contain nearly all the colours allowed by the ,bull ,dog ,clubs4 ,it is a fascinating breed1 and when once it has been taken up1 is seldom altogether dropped1 and ,i have known several generations of the same family keeping up the strain4 ,i should say the mortality amongst ,bull ,dogs is as great as1 or probably greater than1 in any other breed of dog1 particularly before they are a year old4 ,whether their being so much inbred1 to preserve certain characteristics1 or being so short faced as to interfere with their organs of respiration1 are the causes1 ,i will not pretend to say1 but if you ask any breeder1 he will tell you what considerable losses he suffers every year4 ,another difficulty which would not be suspected1 is that many of them are such bad doers1 that is1 do not seem to have any appetite for their food4 ,i remember congratulating an enthusiast of the breed on the condition of his favourite1 a large brindle and white1 at least fifty pounds weight4 ,yes1 he said1 he is looking well1 but for the last fortnight he has been living entirely on veal cutlets4 ,i thought he would be an expensive boarder on such fare1 but from my experience of the breed and its owners1 ,i doubt very much if any other kind of dog is so much pampered4 ,they are naturally slow and lazy in their movements1 do not1 as a rule1 take much exercise1 or go much into the open air1 so have not much healthy appetite1 but as a thin ,bull ,dog is an abomination1 their condition must be kept up4 ,illustration3 ,,bulldog1 ,,ch4 ,,lady ,,rozelle ,c4 ,h4 ,,lane ,,owner4 7,,small7 ,illustration3 ,,bullterrier ,,ch4 ,,sherbourne ,,queen ,w4 ,j4 ,,pegg ,,owner4 ,bull ,terrier4--,the ,bull ,terrier1 formerly so much used in combats with others of the same variety1 7now happily things of the past1 except on the quiet at some of the less reputable public houses in out of the way spots71 has always been a prime favourite with the younger members of the sporting fraternity1 on account of his undaunted courage1 activity1 lively disposition1 and neat business-like appearance4 ,he has been much affected by the stoppage of cropping the ears1 and they are only now beginning to produce specimens with small1 well-carried1 drop ears1 which take off much of the fierce expression they formerly wore1 and make them more presentable to the general public4 ,for my own part1 and ,i have had many good specimens in my time1 ,i do not care for them being too big4 ,i think twenty-five pounds quite heavy enough1 even for a dog1 but ,i have often seen them at shows nearly or quite double that weight1 when to my mind1 they become coarse and unwieldy1 whereas such a breed should be active1 bright and lively1 as well as shapely and stylish in appearance4 ,in colour he should be pure white1 although ,i have seen and owned many otherwise nearly perfect specimens1 with markings1 usually lemon or brindled1 on some part of head or body4 ,the following are the points laid down by ,mr4 ,s4 ,e4 ,shirley1 ,president of the ,kennel ,club1 who used to own some grand specimens3--,the head should be long2 the forehead flat1 the eyes small1 round1 keen1 and as dark as possible1 any approach to a light or hazel coloured eye1 being very objectionable2 the jaws should be quite level1 strong and muscular2 the muzzle fine and tapering from the eyes2 the nose quite black2 the neck1 long and well set into strong1 sloping shoulders2 the chest wide and deep2 the legs very straight1 strong and powerful2 the feet small and round2 the back strong and short2 the tail1 which is or should be a great point in the ,bull ,terrier1 should be moderately fine1 at the root1 gradually tapering to the point1 it should be set on rather low1 and carried in a gay1 jaunty manner1 neither high nor low1 not hooped1 or with the slightest inclination to twist or screw4 ,illustration3 ,,boston-,,terrier ,,turpin4 ,,miss ,j4 ,,tozier1 ,,owner4 ,the ,boston ,terrier4--,by the kindness of a correspondent on the other side of the water1 who has taken the trouble to supply some authentic details of this breed of which so little is known amongst ,englishmen1 but which are sure to be of much interest to the many fanciers and admirers of the variety1 ,i have much pleasure in giving the actual words of my correspondent in the following description and standard of show points of the ,boston ,terrier4 ,concerning the earlier dogs of the breed4--,how did the breed originate8 ,it resulted from a cross between the ,english ,bull dog and the ,english ,terrier1 and these two have been considerably inbred4 ,accidental peculiarities of the first dogs used as sires are partly responsible for the present type4 ,about #cj years ago ,mr4 ,robert ,c4 ,hooper1 of ,boston1 ,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 came into possession of a dog named ,judge who was imported from ,england4 ,this dog known as ,hooper's ,judge was destined to be the ancestor of the true modern ,boston ,terrier4 ,he was a cross between an ,english ,bull dog and an ,english ,terrier1 leaning in type rather more toward the ,bull dog4 ,judge was bred to ,gyp1 or ,kate1 a white bitch1 owned by ,ed4 ,burnett1 of ,southboro1 ,mass4 ,she weighed twenty pounds1 had a fine three-quarter tail low stationed1 stocky-build1 showing strength in her make-up1 good head1 being short and blocky4 ,from ,judge and ,gyp descended ,well's ,eph4 ,eph was mated to ,tobin's ,kate1 weighing twenty pounds1 short head1 golden brindle in colour1 and straight three-quarter tail4 ,from ,well's ,eph and ,tobin's ,kate came ,barnard's ,tom1 the first dog with a screw tail4 ,this dog ,tom was a great improvement over his sire and grandsire1 beside being the first to show the fine quality that is present in a good specimen of the modern ,boston ,terrier--,tom was the best ,boston ,terrier of his day1 so1 of course1 was much used in stud4 ,the above gives very briefly the main facts concerning the older dogs of this breed4 ,to correct an idea that has become somewhat prevalent1 it can here be stated that the dog is in no sense a fighting dog4 ,while he is plucky as might be expected from his ancestry1 he is not quarrelsome or aggressive--is very loyal to his master1 obedient1 affectionate and of sweet nature1 quick in motion and very intelligent4 ,show points and standard of the ,boston ,terrier1 furnished by an enthusiastic ,american fancier of the breed4 ,general ,appearance4--,the general appearance of the ,boston ,terrier is that of a smooth1 short-coated1 compactly built dog of medium stature4 ,the head should indicate a high degree of intelligence1 and should be in proportion to the dog's size1 the body rather short and well knit1 the limbs strong and finely turned1 no feature being so prominent that the dog appears badly proportioned4 ,the dog conveys an idea of determination1 strength and activity--style of a high order1 carriage easy and graceful4 ,skull--,broad and flat without prominent cheeks1 and forehead free from wrinkles4 ,stop--,well defined but indenture not too deep4 ,eyes--,wide apart1 large and round1 neither sunken nor too prominent1 dark in colour and soft--the outside corner on a line with the cheeks as viewed from the front4 ,ears--,small and thin1 as near corners of the skull as possible4 ,muzzle--,short1 square1 wide and deep1 without wrinkles2 nose black and wide1 with a well defined straight line between nostrils4 ,the jaws broad and square with short1 regular teeth2 the chops wide and deep1 not pendulous1 completely covering the teeth when the mouth is closed4 ,neck--,of fair length1 without throatiness1 and slightly arched4 ,body--,deep and broad at chest1 well ribbed up4 ,back short1 not roached4 ,loins and quarters strong4 ,elbows--,standing neither in nor out4 ,fore legs--,wide apart1 straight and well muscled4 ,hind legs--,straight1 quite long from stifle to hock1 which should turn neither in nor out1 short and straight from hock to pastern1 thighs well muscled1 hocks not too prominent4 ,feet--,small1 turned neither in nor out4 ,toes compact and arched4 ,tail--,set on low1 fine tapering or screw--devoid of fringe or coarse hair1 not carried above the horizontal4 ,colour--,any colour1 brindle1 evenly marked with white1 strongly preferred4 ,markings--,white muzzle1 blaze on face1 collar1 chest and feet4 ,coat--,fine in texture1 short and bright and not hard4 ,weight--,light-weight class1 under twenty-three pounds1 but not less than thirteen pounds4 ,heavy-weight class1 twenty-three to thirty pounds1 inclusive4 ,disqualifications--,cocked tail or any artificial means to deceive the judge4 ,,score ,,of ,,points4 ,skull1 #ab2 ears1 #b2 eyes1 #e2 stop1 #b2 muzzle1 #ab2 neck1 #e2 body1 #ae2 elbows1 #b2 forelegs1 #d2 hindlegs1 #d2 feet1 #b2 tail1 #aj2 colour1 #h2 markings1 #d2 coat1 #c2 general appearance1 style1 #aj4 ,total1 #ajj4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,dogs ,,used ,,in ,,work 7,continued7 ,,terriers--,,irish--,,airedale--,,bedli ngton--,,black ,,and ,,tan--,,smooth ,,english ,illustration3 ,,irish ,,terrier ,,ch4 ,,ted ,,malone ,mrs ,,butcher ,,owner ,the ,irish ,terrier4--,there is scarcely any breed of any of the many varieties of the ,terrier1 which has grown more in popularity during the last twenty years1 than this4 ,and ,i believe it has done so strictly on its merits2 of course1 somewhat helped by the ardour and zeal of his excitable and genial fellow-countrymen1 who have done all in their power to help on one of their national breeds4 ,from the points hereafter given1 my readers will get a good description of the breed4 ,i may say that my experience of it1 personally1 was chiefly in some ,i bought of my friend1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,graham1 of ,belfast1 7so much known and liked in ,english as well as ,irish doggy circles1 and the breeder and exhibitor of some of the best specimens of the breed ever seen74 ,the only reason we parted company1 was their talent for boxing4 ,if ,i had a dozen or more dogs out peaceably enjoying themselves in a paddock1 the moment the ,irishmen were let out1 there were ructions1 and they could not content themselves with just a friendly bout amongst themselves1 or with some of the ,dandies1 ,skyes1 or others1 near their own size and weight1 but must needs go and pick a quarrel with some of the ,collies1 ,bobtails or other larger dogs1 and ,i feared they would be killed1 so got rid of them1 though they were all right with all of us1 and indeed great favourites4 ,the following description of the breed is by my friend1 ,mr4 ,l4 ,i4 ,barnett1 so well known as ,secretary of the ,english ,section of the ,irish ,terrier ,club1 and a frequent judge3-- ,points of the ,irish ,terrier4--,head long1 rather narrow2 punishing jaw2 eyes1 small and dark2 ears fairly small1 not set on too high2 legs straight1 and strong2 feet1 round1 and thick1 with good heels2 chest narrow1 with good depth of brisket2 back strong1 and straight1 with tail set on rather high2 loins strong2 neck1 strong1 and muscular2 coat very hard1 and straight1 shorter on head2 colour yellow-red1 darker on ears2 expression1 'wicked1' but intelligent4 ,illustration3 ,,airedale ,,terrier ,,ch4 ,,dumbarton ,,lass ,a4 ,e4 ,,jennings ,,owner4 ,airedales4--,another breed ,i see occasionally kept is the ,airedale ,terrier1 which are seldom less than forty pounds weight1 and often much more4 ,as guards1 or companions1 they are admirable1 and follow a trap well1 and can look after their own welfare1 but although they have been immensely improved since they were first brought out1 in the ,north of ,england1 as ,the ,waterside ,terrier1 there is1 to my mind1 a coarse and common look about them1 that seems to keep them more associated with a breed suitable to accompany his master's trap or cart1 or to mount guard over premises liable to be attacked by burglars1 and its size always seems to me much to its disadvantage1 in doing any of the work which usually falls to the members of the different varieties of ,terriers4 ,the long shaped head1 small ears1 dark hazel eyes1 strong1 well-knit body1 with docked tail1 and the colour grizzled black above1 and light tan below1 will be familiar to most readers of these words4 ,i have known many beautiful ,airedales1 some of them 7except in size7 nearly perfect in their ,terrier character1 and on the occasions ,i have judged the breed ,i have had excellent entries of good quality1 and ,i know now many who keep them1 and prefer them to any other breed of dog4 ,i am bound1 however1 to say ,i have never been very much taken up with them1 as ,i object to their size as being too big to be classed amongst ,terriers for the work of that variety4 ,illustration3 ,,bedlington-,,terrier4 ,,ch4 ,,clyde-,,boy ,r4,h4 ,,smith4 ,,owner4 ,the ,bedlington4--,this breed1 which first appeared at ,darlington ,dog show in #ahff1 had existed in the extreme north of ,england1 for nearly or quite fifty years before that1 and has always been more bred and kept in the north than in any other part of the country1 although ,i have occasionally seen good specimens elsewhere4 ,the following extract from a letter published in ,the ,field in ,march1 #ahfi1 from a staunch supporter of the breed1 will be of interest to some of my readers4 ,the ,bedlington ,terrier is fast1 and whether on land1 or in water1 is equally at home2 in appetite1 these dogs are dainty1 and they seldom fatten2 but experience has shown them to be wiry1 enduring1 and1 in courage1 equal to the bull dog4 ,they will face almost anything1 and ,i know of a dog which will extinguish a candle or lighted paper at his master's bidding6 ,to these other good qualities may be added1 their marked intelligence1 and hostility to vermin of all kinds4 ,they will encounter the otter1 fox1 badger1 with the greatest determination4 ,the points of the ,bedlington ,terrier1 which is a very lively member1 as a rule1 are as follows3 ,skull narrow and domed1 and adorned with a silky top-knot2 jaws very strong and punishing and lips tight2 nose large and either black or liver-coloured1 according to shade of the coat1 eyes small and rather deeply sunk1 their colour following that of body1 ears fine1 filbert shaped1 tipped with soft silky hair and carried flat against the sides of the head1 neck long and shoulders sloping1 body rather narrow at the chest1 but deep at this point1 ribs flat1 slightly arched at the loins1 which should be powerful1 legs straight1 feet of fair size1 hindquarters graceful looking and not too heavy1 tail tapering almost all the way from base1 carried in a curve like a ,turkish ,sword2 coat much as a ,dandie's1 linty1 composed of a mixture of hard and soft hair4 ,colours blue liver or sandy1 or mixtures of above with tanned markings1 pure self colours preferred and any white objectionable4 ,general appearance that of a particularly alert and active dog of immense energy and courage1 and quite prepared to take his own part1 with any dog of any breed4 ,illustration3 ,,welsh ,,terrier ,,ch4 ,,brynhir ,,burner ,w4 ,s4 ,,glynn4 ,,owner4 ,the ,welsh ,terrier4--,another handy sized breed for pet or companion and a smart guard is the ,welsh ,terrier1 which is practically a wire-haired black and tan terrier1 not over twenty pounds1 and often less1 in weight1 head flat and wider at base1 eyes set rather wide1 muzzle longish1 and a bit stronger than usually seen in ,fox ,terriers1 ears small1 with forward carriage1 neck clean and not short1 muscular thighs and well-boned1 straight1 fore-legs1 coat 7black1 or grizzle and tan1 in colour7 wiry1 hard and dense1 should have no white spots1 or markings4 ,they are very smart1 showy dogs and usually very keen on anything in the vermin1 or sporting line1 and are being bred very true to type by some of their patrons1 many of whom are very enthusiastic in their praise4 ,the ,old ,english ,terrier4--,a breed closely resembling these are the ,old ,english ,terriers1 usually rather larger and more grizzled in colour than their ,welsh brethren1 and very suitable1 being something like a small ,airedale in appearance1 as companions or house guards4 ,the considerable interest taken in ,airedales and ,welsh ,terriers1 7both of which have one or more specialist clubs to look after their interests and push them forward7 has been rather prejudicial to the ,old ,english ,terriers1 which have been somewhat neglected1 but ,i should like to see someone take them up1 as there is much of general utility about them1 and they should not be allowed to die out4 ,illustration3 ,,black ,,tan ,,terrier ,,ch4 ,,starkie ,,ben ,,lt4 ,,col4 ,c4 ,s4 ,,dean4 ,,owner4 ,the ,black and ,tan ,terrier4--,another well-known breed is the ,manchester or ,black and ,tan ,terrier1 which1 some years since1 enjoyed considerable popularity1 and ,i think the main cause of its decline1 was its getting into the hands of some unscrupulous members of the community1 who dyed1 faked1 and rang the changes1 as it was called1 with them1 to such an extent1 that respectable people were afraid to have anything to do with them4 ,i have no doubt that the cropping edict has also been against them1 as formerly1 if a dog had large1 or ugly ears1 their appearance was often improved in the cropping1 but now1 unless the ears are naturally small1 good specimens have little chance in the keen competition of these dogs4 ,i need hardly describe them as fine-coated1 rather snake-headed dogs with bright eyes of dark colour1 and marked with tan1 which should be clear in shade on the legs1 thighs1 feet1 and other parts4 ,they are well adapted as pets and companions1 being smart1 lively and intelligent in their manners and cleanly and vigilant in their habits4 ,the points of the ,manchester or ,black and ,tan ,terrier are rather elaborate and run as follows3 ,head long and narrow1 flat from the back to the nose and with no humps at sides or cheek1 muzzle long and tapering1 but not weak1 eyes small and oval shaped1 black and bright4 ,the correct carriage of the ears is a debatable point since cropping has been abolished1 but probably the drop ear is correct2 neck light and graceful1 shoulders sloping1 chest rather narrow but deep and the body slightly arched with good back ribs2 forelegs quite straight with well arched toes and jet black toenails1 powerful hindquarters with hocks well let down1 tail very fine and carried almost straight1 coat short1 yet close4 ,colour3 ,lustrous blue black1 with rich mahogany tan markings along the jaws1 under the throat1 over the eyes1 on the cheeks1 inside the ears1 on each side of breast1 on the inside of the hind legs1 under the vent and on the forelegs up to above the pastern joint4 ,the toes1 however1 have black lines called pencilling1 running up them and there is a black spot called the thumb mark just along the pastern joint in front of the limb4 ,the general appearance is that of a high class and well-bred1 smart and neat-looking dog well suited for any work1 coming into the sphere of a terrier1 and a fit companion or guard for either sex1 or any rank of life4 ,he can adapt himself to the cottage1 or the palace1 and look well in either4 ,illustration3 ,,white ,,english ,,terrier4 ,,ch4 ,,eclipse ,j4 ,,walsh4 ,,owner4 ,the ,white ,english ,terrier--,i may here mention what is doubtless a branch of the same variety or closely allied to it1 the ,white ,english ,terrier1 which1 but for its colour1 being all pure white1 is just built on the same lines1 and is suitable for the same purposes1 as his black and tan cousin4 ,some years since when the lighter weights of bull terriers were more popular than at present1 ,i think they were largely crossed with ,white ,english1 so as to get down their size1 and some ,i have had1 and many ,i have seen1 have undoubtedly had some of the ,bull ,terrier blood in them1 which could be traced in their skulls1 showing rather more fullness than the breed should indicate1 and their dispositions being rather more warlike than was always convenient to their owners1 or agreeable to their kennel companions4 ,i contend that a thoroughbred ,white ,english ,terrier is quite a superior dog and fit company for anyone4 ,i know some of the best at the present time are owned by ladies4 ,part ,,iii ,,contents ,,part ,,iii ,,performing ,,and ,,toy ,,breeds ,,chap4 ,,page ,,xii4 ,poodles1 ,pomeranians1 ,pugs1 ,schipperkes #bai ,,xiii4 ,toy ,spaniels1--,king ,charles1 ,prince ,charles1 ,ruby1 ,blenheim1 ,japanese #bde ,,xiv4 ,terriers1--,toy1 ,smooth ,black and ,tan1 ,yorkshire1 ,maltese1 ,griffons ,bruxelles #bfc ,,xv4 ,toy ,bull ,dogs1 ,toy ,bull ,terriers1 ,italian ,greyhounds #bge ,,chapter ,,xii ,,performing ,,and ,,toy ,,breeds ,,poodles--,,pomeranians--,,pugs--,,schi pperkes ,illustration3 ,,corded ,,poodle ,,ch4 ,,model4 ,,mad,,me ,,dagois ,,owner4 ,illustration3 ,,curly ,,poodle ,,ch4 ,,rufus ,,mrs ,r4 ,,long ,,owner4 ,poodles4--,one of the most intelligent breeds in existence1 that of the ,poodle1 lends itself especially to becoming a pet or companion1 soon becoming warmly attached to its owner1 very quick at learning what is required of it1 and very smart and vigilant as a guard4 ,although1 in ordinary life1 we principally see the curly variety1 at all the leading shows1 we see specimens of the corded variety both white and black in colour1 and with coats quite fearful and wonderful to behold1 hanging in festoons of cords or tags1 in some cases of such length as to sweep the ground as they walk along1 which must be a considerable inconvenience to the dogs1 as well as their owners4 ,there has been much correspondence and discussion on the subject1 but ,i think1 after a lengthened acquaintance with the breed1 and having seen and handled nearly all the best specimens brought forward during the last twenty-five years1 there is no doubt there are two varieties1 corded and curly1 and although they have been sometimes interbred1 there are corded specimens which would be corded under any circumstances1 and there are curly ones that could not be turned into corded1 however long their coats were left alone4 ,i speak from my own experience1 as ,i have had ,poodles which were never anything else but curly1 whether clipped or unclipped1 and others with coats that would soon become corded if not attended to4 ,i know this is not a general opinion1 but it is my impression of the breed4 ,it used to be supposed there were only two colours for ,poodles1 black and white1 but of late years we have seen some very beautiful specimens black and white1 red1 brown1 slate colour1 and grey1 and different shades of those colours1 and so many new breeders and exhibitors of these dogs have appeared in this country and abroad1 that ,i think they may be said to be in more favour than ever1 and at most of the larger shows command large entries and attract a great deal of attention from the public1 ,i am told4 ,i had the record entry of eighty specimens at the ,ladies' ,,ka ,show at ,ranelagh ,park1 #ahif4 ,of course1 any breed which requires exceptional care in its preparation1 and which so soon gives evidence of any neglect 7as in the case of an unshaven and untrimmed ,poodle71 will always have a limited number of active adherents1 but irrespective of their value for sporting purposes 7in the same way as the ,english and ,irish ,water ,spaniels and the ,retrievers71 all who have kept any of them will know they are full of merit1 good tempered as a rule1 born humourists1 fond of children1 grand swimmers1 excellent guards1 and very affectionate and faithful to their owners and friends4 ,a very high authority1 both as a breeder1 exhibitor and judge1 has set out the points of a correct ,poodle as follows3--head long1 straight and fine2 skull rather narrow and peaked at back1 very slight stop2 long1 strong and fine jaw1 not full in cheek2 teeth white and level2 lips black and rather tight fitting2 gums and roof of mouth black2 nose sharp and black2 eyes very dark brown1 full of fire and intelligence1 nearly almond shaped1 leather of ears long and wide1 hanging close to face2 well proportioned neck of fair length and strength2 strong muscular shoulders1 sloping well to back2 deep and moderately wide chest2 short1 strong1 slightly curved back2 broad muscular loins2 ribs well sprung and braced up2 small round feet1 toes well arched1 pads thick and hard2 well set1 straight legs1 with plenty of bone and muscle2 hind legs very muscular and well bent1 hocks well let down2 tail not curled over back1 but carried rather gaily and set on high2 coat profuse and of good texture1 not silky2 if corded1 hanging in tight1 even cords2 if curled1 in strong1 thick curls1 of even length1 without knots or cords4 ,colours should be self1 whites and blacks seem to be the most popular4 ,the general appearance is that of a very active1 intelligent and elegant looking dog1 stepping out well and carrying himself proudly4 ,illustration3 ,,white ,,pomeranian ,,ch4 ,k,,nig of ,,rozelle ,,miss ,,hamilton ,,owner4 ,pomeranians4--,another breed1 which has made gigantic strides in public favour of late years1 is the ,pomeranian1 which may be best described1 as a miniature copy of the ,rough-coated ,collie1 as it resembles it in nearly every respect1 except the carriage of ears and tail1 the former being pricked and carried bolt upright1 and the latter curled over the side and back of the body4 ,the colours are very varied1 starting with white1 black1 brown1 blue1 almost every shade of those colours can be met with1 besides parti-colours1 and the sizes run from nearly thirty pounds to three pounds in weight4 ,other things being equal1 the smaller the size1 the more valuable they are1 and high class specimens frequently change hands at prices ranging from #aj to #bjj1 so that it has lately been one of the most profitable breeds to produce1 as good specimens have been commanding fair prices1 and plenty of buyers were found for anything out of the common at almost any price4 ,browns have been greatly in favour1 latterly even more so than blacks1 and next to them come whites1 but hitherto1 there has been a difficulty in obtaining very small whites1 and if this is overcome 7and many of the leading breeders are doing their best71 ,i think the toy whites will be greatly sought after2 some of the little blacks and browns are very beautiful1 and ,i have known very long figures1 #ajj and over1 refused for them by their owners6 ,being very lively1 cheerful and affectionate1 and exceedingly sharp and active as guards1 this breed is admirably adapted as a pet or companion1 and they make very sharp house dogs4 ,it is not desirable to chain them up1 as the rubbing of the collar and chain is almost certain to interfere with the set of the crest and frill which in this breed 7as in ,collies71 form such attractive features in their appearance4 ,pomeranians are seemingly popular with all classes1 from ,royalty downward4 ,her ,majesty the ,queen has a large kennel of them at ,windsor1 which ,i had the honour of an invitation to inspect1 and can testify to the great interest taken in the breed1 and the number of specimens kept1 with every care and consideration shown for their happiness and comfort4 ,her ,majesty's collection1 when ,i saw them1 some time since1 consisted almost entirely of what ,i should call off colours that is1 not white1 black1 brown or blue1 but shades and mixtures of those and other colours1 some exceedingly pretty1 and although somewhat larger in size1 being mostly small-medium1 and not so fine in head as many of the dogs now shown1 are so good in other respects1 that they have often successfully competed with well-known specimens1 when ,her ,majesty has entered any at the ,royal ,agricultural ,hall and ,crystal ,palace ,shows4 ,a great many are also kept by persons in the higher1 middle and lower ranks of life1 both in this country and the continent of ,europe 7where1 no doubt1 the breed originated71 and it is a common occurrence1 when a popular judge is officiating at one of the larger shows1 to see over fifty entries of ,pomeranians in the various classes4 ,i have frequently had one hundred1 and sometimes even more entries to judge1 at the larger shows1 and a puzzling job to undertake1 on a dull day1 in a failing light1 is to tackle a class of from twenty to twenty-five black specimens1 and try to find out the respective merits of each when there are probably ten or a dozen really good ones amongst the lot1 though1 to an outsider1 they all look much alike4 ,small1 good specimens fetch very long prices1 and the breed is exceedingly popular4 ,illustration3 ,,pomeranian ,,marco ,h4 ,m4 ,,queen ,,victoria ,,owner4 ,the illustrations of this variety are ,miss ,hamilton's ,white ,dog1 the most successful winner of his colour ever shown1 ,h4 ,m41 the ,queen's ,red ,dog1 a beautiful specimen of the colour and the constant companion of ,her ,gracious ,majesty2 ,mr4 ,j4 ,duckworth's ,fawn ,dog1 one of the best headed and coated specimens shown for some time2 ,miss ,a4 de ,pass's ,toy ,brown1 a most perfect and charming specimen1 who has taken more prizes than any of her size and colour4 ,illustration3 ,,fawn ,,pomeranian ,,ch4 ,,brilliant ,j4 ,,duckworth ,,owner4 ,the points are as follows3 ,in general build1 and coat more especially1 the ,pomeranians should somewhat resemble the ,rough-coated ,collie1 with the difference that his head should be shorter1 ears smaller and carried perfectly erect2 and his tail curled up from the root tightly over his back1 or lying flat on his back4 ,he must be a compact little dog1 well proportioned in build1 standing on straight limbs1 and possessing a profuse coat of long and perfectly straight silky or glossy hair all over his body1 forming a mane1 round his neck1 of longer hair1 with the forelegs feathered1 and the thighs more heavily feathered4 ,he must be sharp and intelligent in expression1 and exhibit great activity and buoyancy of disposition1 and should not exceed twenty pounds in weight1 the smaller specimens being preferable4 ,at the larger shows they are generally divided into over eight pounds and under eight pounds4 ,colours1 white1 black1 brown1 blue and sable1 and any combination of those colours4 ,at the present time there is a feeling rather in favour of the shades of brown1 but there are many very beautiful specimens of all the colours mentioned above4 ,illustration3 ,,small ,,pomeranian ,,champion of ,,champions ,,and ,,primier ,,tina ,,miss ,,ada ,,de ,,pass ,,owner4 ,illustration3 ,,fawn ,,pug ,,ch4 ,,york4 ,mrs ,,greliche ,,owner4 ,pugs4--,one of the really old-fashioned pets and companions is the ,pug1 of which ,i have for the last thirty years generally had some specimens about my house1 and usually1 when ,i have judged the breed1 have been favoured with record entries4 ,i remember on one occasion1 when ,i had a very heavy day at an important ,london show1 and had taken an immense amount of trouble1 in the open1 on a broiling day in ,june or ,july1 when the whole of my exhibitors were of the fair sex1 and ranged from the highest in the kennel-world1 ,her ,royal ,highness1 the ,princess of ,wales1 to those who would not be ashamed to be included amongst the working classes1 ,i thought1 ,i shall catch it pretty warmly over this job4 ,i hardly supposed it within the bounds of possibility for any living mere man1 to give satisfaction to such a large number of the other sex1 especially when their own particular pets were concerned1 so that ,i was certainly gratified to have a letter1 some weeks after1 from the ,hon4 ,secretary of the show 7whose daughter was an exhibitor and by no means a novice in ,pugs either71 stating that ,i had achieved the unique feat of pleasing every one1 as not a single complaint or grumble had been heard or received by the committee from the large body of ,pug exhibitors4 ,i mention this1 not for the purpose of self-glorification1 but to show that1 although generally judges are supposed to meet with obloquy and abuse1 often not deserved1 they do1 sometimes1 receive kindly recognition of their endeavours1 to pick out the best specimens brought under their notice6 ,a good ,pug should have a large skull1 in proportion to size1 well-defined stop1 with high forehead1 square face1 wide-apart eyes1 dark and large1 round and rather prominent2 thin1 small ears1 carried well forward1 a desideratum is a black thumb mark in middle of skull1 the mask and ears should be black4 ,heavy wrinkles about head and face2 muscular1 thick neck1 with skin loose2 square1 thick1 cobby body2 deep loins2 well rounded ribs2 dark trace down back very desirable2 also a dark mole on each cheek2 muscular hindquarters2 firm thighs2 strong1 short1 straight fore legs2 well arched1 firm1 round feet1 with black toe nails if possible2 tail tightly curled on hips1 double turn much desired2 coat1 except on tail1 where it is longer and harsher1 should be glossy1 soft and short4 ,a very smart1 showy and active dog1 often an arrant coward1 but with a great appearance of dignity1 and even ferocity1 which is not without its impression on the public4 ,my experience of the breed is that they are1 as a rule1 very affectionate1 and devoted to their owners1 good-doers and nearly always ready for anything in the way of eating and drinking1 great lovers of comfort1 and very jealous of any other members of the doggy community being made as much of as themselves4 ,they are very lively1 bustling companions1 and very popular with those who have kept them4 ,i omitted to say1 that the colours are silver fawn and apricot fawn1 and of late years1 there is also a black variety1 the points of which are really the same as in the fawns1 but partly concealed by the colour4 ,i think1 as a rule1 the blacks run more leggy1 and many of them heavier than the fawns1 but ,i have had some beautiful specimens of both colours before me many times1 and ,i like a good one1 of any size1 although1 if you can get true ,pug qualities1 in a small one1 it is all the better4 ,two of the best-known illustrate this variety4 ,illustration3 ,,black ,,pug ,,ch4 ,,premier ,,duke ,,beira4 ,,miss ,c4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,jenkinson ,,owner4 ,illustration3 ,,schipperche ,,ch4 ,,zwarte ,,piot ,i4 ,n4 ,,woodiwiss ,,owner4 ,schipperkes4--,the ,schipperke is rather a new breed in this country1 and much kept as a pet and companion by its supporters4 ,it was1 ,i think1 imported originally from ,belgium1 where1 ,i understand1 though ,i do not remember seeing many there1 it has long been used by the ,bargees as a protection on board their boats for their persons and property on their long journeys through the canals4 ,in appearance it is something like a medium or rather small-sized black ,pomeranian1 out of coat and without any tail1 the texture of the coat dense and harsh1 soft on the ears1 smooth on the head1 front of hocks and forelegs1 but forming a mane or frill1 round neck and shoulders2 size should not exceed twenty pounds1 and all the better if it is less2 eyes small1 slightly oval1 and dark brown in colour2 they make very sharp little watch dogs1 are always on the move1 and anxious to know the ins and outs of what comes in their way1 very excitable and lively in temperament1 the former being expressed by raising their mane referred to1 barking sharply and running and jumping about2 they are good and game vermin killers1 as a general rule4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,performing ,,and ,,toy ,,breeds 7,continued7 ,,toy ,,spaniels--,,king ,,charles--,,prince ,,charles--,,blenheim--,,ruby--,,japanes e ,illustration3 ,,king ,,charles ,,spaniel ,,ch4 ,,laureate ,,mrs ,,mclaren ,,morrison1 ,,owner4 ,i now come to another group of undoubted pets and companions1 ,i mean the ,toy ,spaniels1 and a charming lot they are4 ,i will briefly notice them in their usually accepted order1 taking our old friend1 the ,king ,charles1 first4 ,i am afraid ,i shall be thought laudator temporis acti1 and old-fashioned1 but hardened all-round dog lover as ,i am1 and have been1 ever since ,i knew one end of a dog from another1 ,i must say1 ,i dearly love a good ,king ,charles1 and1 as ,i always go through the classes for them1 at all the big shows1 even when ,i have nothing1 judicially1 to do with them1 ,i am grieved to see such small entries of these beautiful dogs1 and so few good enough to fill the eye of a critical fancier4 ,it is not so much of the size1 or colours ,i complain1 as the coats1 which are so1 very often1 curly1 a bad fault1 in my opinion1 and many of them are smutty and dark in their tan4 ,of course there are notable exceptions1 but ,i greatly fear that other dog breeds1 which have been warmly pushed of late years1 in every possible way1 and1 generally1 by interested parties1 have disheartened the breeders of some of the ,toy ,spaniels1 or1 we should see more good ones coming out6 ,the points of the breed to be desired are large round skull1 with well defined stop1 large1 lustrous eyes1 short1 turned-up muzzle1 long pendulous ears1 well-feathered2 fairly long neck1 short and compact back1 short straight fore-legs1 feet large1 soft1 profuse coat1 quite straight1 without tendency to curl1 colour glossy1 unbroken black1 and rich mahogany tan4 ,weight not to exceed twelve pounds1 as much less as possible1 with quality4 ,illustration3 ,,blenheim ,,spaniel4 ,,ch4 ,,rollo ,,mrs4 ,,forder1 ,,owner4 ,the ,blenheim ,spaniel4--,the next of this charming group to be considered1 is the ,blenheim ,spaniel1 with which1 its having been the favourite breed of my dear mother1 and her mother1 ,i have been more associated than with some of the others2 the points of a perfect specimen are almost entirely the same as in the ,king ,charles1 except that the colours are red and white1 with more of the latter than the former1 and it is very desirable to have a distinct mark of red about the size of a shilling or florin1 on the upper part of the skull1 which is termed the spot and is a recognised peculiarity of this variety4 ,illustration3 ,,prince ,,charles ,,spaniel ,,ch4 ,,victor ,,wild ,h4 ,,taylor ,,owner4 ,the ,prince ,charles ,spaniel4--,another variety is known as the ,prince ,charles1 and the points of this again are the same as of the ,king ,charles1 except in colour1 which is white with a good deal of black and tan markings4 ,when evenly marked1 and well formed in other ways1 they are very attractive little fellows4 ,i have noticed a tendency1 particularly with these1 to get specimens too large2 in my opinion1 they should be under the maximum weight allowed 7twelve pounds7 as the intention is1 they should be not too heavy for a lady to pick up1 and carry her little companion1 when out with it1 if so disposed4 ,so that1 from six to ten pounds would be a more suitable weight1 and such as you may see in numbers of ,yorkshire ,terriers1 ,griffons1 ,pomeranians and ,japanese ,spaniels1 some of the keenest rivals of the native ,toy ,spaniels4 ,in fact many of all those varieties can be obtained well under five pounds weight1 or even less if desired4 ,illustration3 ,,ruby ,,spaniel4 ,,ch4 ,,jasper ,,mrs4 ,,woodgate ,,owner4 ,the ,ruby ,toy ,spaniel4--,another very beautiful variety1 is the ,ruby ,spaniel1 something the colour of its larger cousin1 the ,sussex ,spaniel1 but richer1 and brighter in tone4 ,i am afraid these are not being so much bred as they were some years since1 but all true dog lovers1 would regret their becoming extinct1 on account of their great beauty and aristocratic appearance2 to be correct1 the colour should be quite free from white1 as rich and bright as possible1 and the points same as ,king ,charles and without legginess1 which seems to affect these more than the other varieties2 ,i suppose1 there is little doubt the native breeds of ,toy ,spaniels have been much interbred1 and ,i have been told by breeders they have had in one litter a specimen of all four breeds4 ,i cannot vouch for the truth of this1 as it has not happened within my own experience1 but if true1 it confirms the idea of how much they have been interbred4 ,illustration3 ,,japanese ,,spaniel ,,ch4 ,,dai ,,butzu ,,mrs4 ,,addis ,,owner4 ,the ,japanese ,spaniel4--,the last of the ,toy ,spaniel family to be noticed is the ,japanese ,spaniel1 and1 at the present time1 ,i think1 it enjoys the most popularity1 and is kept by ladies of high rank1 as well as by their humbler fellow-creatures4 ,in point of colour1 they most resemble the ,prince ,charlies1 and they are sometimes1 but not often1 seen almost the colours of a ,blenheim4 ,they are not so high1 or domed in skull1 but much wider1 both in head and face1 with very short nose1 fairly large1 pendulous ears1 large1 dark1 full eyes1 rather short on legs1 cobby in body1 and with tail curled over back1 something in the way of the ,maltese ,terrier4 ,they have a very quaint1 old-fashioned look about them1 even when puppies1 and1 unless they have been bred in this country1 or1 until they get acclimatized1 are certainly delicate1 and the mortality amongst the imported specimens has been very great4 ,it is now sometime since ,i had any of the breed1 and1 at that time1 larger specimens were in vogue than now appear at our shows2 but no doubt1 as ladies' pets1 they are better1 not exceeding eight or nine pounds4 ,i may mention1 to prove how these pretty little creatures have come forward of late years1 ,i was present at a large ,london show1 where a ,japanese ,spaniel1 belonging to a friend of mine1 a well-known lady-exhibitor1 was awarded the first prize 7a seventy-guinea silver cup in which the winner might have been hidden67 as the ,champion of champions1 in a class composed of all the specimens of all kinds of dogs1 that had been awarded a championship at that show1 and the gratified owner had the honour of receiving the splendid prize from ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the ,princess of ,wales1 who was also an exhibitor at the show1 and is1 we all know1 a keen admirer of dogs in general4 ,the portrait of this beautiful specimen illustrates this variety4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,performing ,,and ,,toy ,,breeds 7,continued7 ,,toy ,,terriers--,,smooth ,,black ,,and ,,tan--,,yorkshire--,,maltese--,,griffon s ,,bruxelles ,illustration3 ,,toy ,,terrier4 ,,ch4 ,,mascotte ,,model ,mrs ,,monk ,,owner4 ,to take these in the above order1 ,i propose to say a few words about each4 ,i regret to say that1 really first-rate specimens of the ,toy ,black and ,tans are few and far between1 there are many of the right size1 and colour1 but1 so many fail in head1 which should be like that of a true terrier of the ,manchester type1 in miniature1 but the majority are too round and short in skull1 and the other points of the breeds are the same4 ,i need not say that a good specimen is a beautiful little creature and a charming pet for a lady1 and very smart and showy4 ,i have little doubt that the edict against cropping has had a prejudicial effect on them1 as well as their larger brethren1 and that having to wear such ears1 as they have been born with1 gives no chance for the skill of the cropper to improve their appearance1 and1 a great many of the breed appear to have what are known as ,bat1 or ,tulip1 ears1 which look out of proportion to their size4 ,i am in hopes that breeders may succeed 7as has been done with the ,manchesters7 in breeding more specimens with small drop ears1 of the orthodox type1 when1 no doubt1 a revival of interest will be taken in this somewhat neglected variety4 ,one of the best seen for years illustrates this variety4 ,occasionally more or less good specimens of the ,white ,english ,smooth ,terrier1 in miniature1 are seen1 and when correct in points1 they are very pretty4 ,illustration3 ,,yorkshire ,,terrier4 ,,ch4 ,,ashton ,,queen ,mdes ,,walton ,,beard ,,owners4 ,yorkshire ,toy ,terrier4--,i will now speak of another very beautiful breed of dogs1 well suited as ladies' pets4 ,yorkshire ,terriers1 sometimes not exceeding three pounds in weight1 colour slate blue on back and sides1 also part of head1 the rest a golden tan2 when in form1 the coat sweeps the ground1 and is soft and bright in texture1 and colour2 of course1 such a breed cannot be kept up to the mark without some care1 and trouble1 but a good specimen1 turned out in correct form1 is quite a picture1 and provokes any amount of admiration particularly amongst the fair sex1 and ,i have known any sum from #e to #bej to be paid for really tip-toppers1 to be kept as companions1 for which they are well suited1 and ,i can1 from my own experience1 testify to their affectionate and engaging qualities4 ,of course their coats must be kept to a reasonable length1 often brushed out1 and they would not be suitable inmates for a kennel1 being essentially a breed for indoors4 ,the best specimen living illustrates this variety4 ,illustration3 ,,maltese ,,terrier4 ,,ch4 ,,pixie4 ,j4 ,,jacobs ,,owner4 ,maltese ,terriers4--,another of the ,pet ,dogs1 proper1 is the lovely little ,maltese ,terrier1 whose praises ,i have been singing for years1 and ,i am delighted to see they are slowly coming back into favour4 ,those of my readers who remember the ,team shown1 many years since1 by the late ,lady ,giffard1 will1 ,i think1 confirm my opinion1 that a more beautiful lot of ladies' pet dogs could not be seen4 ,to those not acquainted with the breed1 ,i may say1 they resemble very small drop-eared ,skye ,terriers1 with pure white long coats1 often sweeping the ground1 and almost like floss silk in texture1 with short backs and tails curled over them1 dark1 piercing eyes and black noses4 ,they are very smart1 corky little fellows4 ,i admire them greatly1 and have done my best for some years past to revive interest in them1 and am glad to see better entries at shows which provide classes and judges to suit them4 ,this is thought to be one of the oldest of the ,toy breeds1 having been highly prized by the ladies of ancient ,greece1 and other nations of that historic period4 ,head should be much like that of a drop-eared ,skye in miniature4 ,coat long1 straight and silky1 often sweeping the ground1 quite free from curl1 or wooliness4 ,nose and roof of mouth black1 ears moderately long1 well feathered1 with hair mingling on neck4 ,tail short1 well feathered1 and curled tightly over back4 ,colour1 pure white1 without markings1 or even tints of any other colour4 ,weight five to six pounds1 the smaller the better1 other points being equal4 ,by the kindness of my old friend1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,jacobs1 the best known breeder of ,maltese1 ,i have been able to give a portrait of his beautiful little champion4 ,illustration3 ,,griffon ,,bruxelles ,,marquis ,,de ,,carabas ,,count ,,de ,,bylandt ,,owner4 ,griffons ,bruxelles4--,one of the most recent of all the breeds suitable as pets and companions and which has been very much boomed the last few years1 is the above named1 somewhere about the size1 and a little the shape of a ,yorkshire ,toy ,terrier1 if you can imagine one with a short harsh coat instead of a long silky one1 and with a chin prominent as possible1 without showing the teeth1 in fact1 under-jawed2 round nearly black eyes2 lashes1 and lids dark1 short black nose1 with hair around it and the eyes2 prick ears carried straight up as darts1 feet longish2 tail docked rather short2 head round and covered with harsh hair1 not woolly or silky2 longer round eyes1 nose1 lips 7which should have a moustache over them17 and cheeks2 colour preferred1 chestnut red1 wiry rough1 and plentiful coat1 but not long4 ,weight for the larger variety nine pounds maximum2 for the smaller five pounds maximum4 ,these are cobby in build1 active1 intelligent1 hardy little fellows1 very quaint1 comical1 and self-important in their ways1 which makes them attractive1 even to persons not taking much interest in dogs in general2 they are now being pushed forward very much and have a club of their own1 so they seem likely to1 what is called catch on6 ,i have secured the portrait of a grand little specimen of this variety belonging to the well known judge1 ,count ,h4 de ,bylandt4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,,performing ,,and ,,toy ,,breeds 7,continued7 ,,toy ,,bull ,,dogs--,,toy ,,bull ,,terriers--,,italian ,,greyhounds ,illustration3 ,,toy ,,bulldog ,,rabot ,,de ,,beaubourg ,m4 ,,petit ,,owner4 ,toy ,bull ,dogs4--,have been much taken up of late1 and strange though it may seem1 for an offshoot1 or miniature variety of an old ,english breed1 the larger number of the best that have appeared at the shows1 so far1 have come from ,france6 ,i have seen many specimens with good heads and bodies1 but comparatively few with the correct type of ear1 the majority having what ,i described in speaking of ,smooth ,toy ,terriers1 as ,bat or ,tulip ears1 which give rather a silly1 vacant1 expression to the face4 ,however1 the breed is being so eagerly patronised by people in the higher ranks1 and good specimens easily command such high prices1 that there is little reason to doubt1 breeders will succeed in producing more specimens1 with the correct type of ear1 when we shall see a great improvement in the number and quality of the entries at all those shows which provide classes for these quaint little animals1 which should be kept down to a twenty-pound limit at most1 if they are to retain their title to be classified amongst the ,toys4 ,illustration3 ,,toy ,,bull ,,terrier ,,lily ,c4 ,h4 ,,lane ,,owner4 ,toy ,bull ,terriers4--,the ,toy ,bull ,terriers which have been a good deal encouraged of late years1 should be counterparts of the larger breed1 but too many of them fail in head properties1 and are both too short in face and too round in skull1 very often1 they have a small patch of brindle or other colour on some part of their head or body1 although they are preferred pure white1 if possible4 ,for many years ,i kept some of these1 and bred them as small as two and a half pounds1 but even at that weight their courage did not seem less1 and the smallest ,i ever had was killed by her reckless attack on an antagonist far beyond her powers4 ,i have known several others without the slightest consideration of their size and weight1 rush upon foes that could actually have swallowed them1 without the least hesitation1 or any show of fear4 ,illustration3 ,,italian ,,greyhound ,,ch4 ,,larkfield ,,leveret ,p4 ,,turner1 ,,owner4 ,italian ,greyhounds4--,another very graceful and elegant breed is the ,italian ,greyhound1 which some years ago was much more kept as a pet than of late2 it is more slightly built and shorter in head than the ,whippet1 and the colours most often seen are golden fawns and creams1 but ,i have had some before me1 and well shaped ones too1 red1 red and white1 and blue fawn1 the last named being the best of the off colours4 ,the coat should be very fine1 soft and glossy1 the best size is not exceeding eight or eight and a half pounds1 in weight4 ,they are exceedingly graceful1 elegant little creatures1 but rightly or wrongly 7as this is one of the few breeds of dogs1 ,i have not bred or kept17 give me the impression of being delicate and requiring care and attention4 ,the breed seems mostly in the hands of three or four persons1 but ,i am pleased to say1 there are still some excellent specimens of both sexes to be seen1 so that ,i am in hopes there is no immediate fear of its extinction1 as this is one of the breeds that would not look out of place in company with the highest in the land4 ,the portrait of a good and typical specimen1 from ,mrs4 ,p4 ,turner's well-known kennel1 illustrates this variety4 ,part ,,iv ,,contents ,,part ,,iv ,,chap4 ,,page ,,xvi4 ,something ,about ,foreign ,dogs #bia ,,xvii4 ,humours and ,vagaries of the ,show ,rings #caa ,,xviii4 to ,anecdotes ,about ,dogs1 ,personal and ,selected #cbb ,,xxiii4 ,,xxiv4 ,a ,few ,words ,about ,general ,management and ,some ,simple ,maladies1 to ,which ,dogs are ,subject and ,their ,treatment #chi ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,something ,,about ,,foreign ,,dogs ,i think1 perhaps1 it will be best for me to say something about these1 although my friend1 ,mr4 ,edwin ,brough1 was wont to call them by the generic term of ,wild ,beasts1 particularly those belonging to our mutual friend1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,k4 ,taunton1 who for very many years had one of the best collections of rare breeds of foreign dogs1 ,i should say1 to be met with in ,europe1 comprising specimens from the ,arctic ,regions1 ,china1 ,australia1 ,india1 ,africa and other distant parts of the world4 ,i have often had specimens of his before me at different shows1 particularly those held in the ,london ,district1 and remember paying a visit1 by invitation1 some years since to his kennels in ,essex and being very much interested in the many typical specimens ,i saw there4 ,i should consider ,mr4 ,taunton not only a first-rate judge of bloodhounds and mastiffs1 but 7although one of the most unassuming men ,i know7 far and away1 the ablest and best judge of ,foreign ,dogs in this country1 or probably in any other4 ,he has bred and owned more than most other judges have even seen6 ,illustration3 ,,norwegian ,,elkhound ,,jaeger ,,lady ,,cathcart ,,owner4 ,the ,norwegian ,elk-,hound4--,one of the kinds most often kept is the ,norwegian ,elk-,hound1 which much resembles the ,esquimaux1 but differs in character of coat1 ears and tail4 ,he should be active in build1 though strongly made1 particularly in the shoulders2 fairly long wedge-shaped head2 rather strong and blunt shaped jaws2 thick coat1 with plenty of undercoat1 in varying shades of dark and light grey1 back parts being darker and under parts lighter and sometimes slightly tanned2 good round feet1 with legs strong1 firm and straight1 ears much larger and differently carried from the ,esquimaux1 both upright and pointed2 tail profusely covered with hair1 and carried with a double twist to the side1 rather inclined to be wolf-like in expression1 with dark brown eyes4 ,illustration3 ,,afghan ,,greyhound ,,shahzada ,j4 ,,whitbread ,,owner4 ,the ,persian ,greyhound is another of the ,foreigners sometimes met with1 and is a very elegant creature if shown in good form1 about the size of a medium-sized greyhound1 with soft feathery fringe on head and ears1 thighs1 tail and elsewhere1 which gives a very unique appearance to it1 the colours most often seen are shades of fawn1 or drab1 and from the extra hair upon it they seem to be shorter and stronger in head than the ,british greyhounds4 ,there is a variety called the ,afghan ,greyhounds1 which greatly resemble the ,persians even in colours1 except that all the specimens ,i have had before me of the latter have been considerably less1 more like large ,whippets in size4 ,i am not prepared to say whether there is any1 or if so what1 connection between the two breeds4 ,the ,african ,sand ,dog is another breed occasionally seen2 it is remarkable for being almost entirely without hair1 usually a sort of blue black in colour1 and sometimes having a tuft of coarse bristle-like hair on the top of the head1 and a similar tuft of the same colour and character at the end of the tail4 ,in shape and appearance they slightly resemble a fat1 and rather coarse1 both in head and body1 black and tan terrier2 they1 no doubt1 have their admirers1 or they would not continue to be imported and kept1 but they are essentially one of the breeds that may be described as not everybody's money4 ,illustration3 ,,thibet ,,sheep ,,dog ,,siring ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,prince of ,,wales ,,owner4 ,thibet ,sheep ,dogs4--,a breed ,i have not often seen1 but which is really a handsome and noble looking one is the ,great ,thibet ,sheep ,dog1 of which ,i remember ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the ,prince of ,wales had a good specimen at ,sandringham some years since1 which ,i can only describe as having a ,collie-like body with a thick under and over coat1 but not so profuse as with our collies1 and a head combining the expression of ,newfoundland1 ,mastiff and ,bloodhound1 large1 pendulous ears1 heavy lips and jaws1 and great dignity1 and even ferocity in appearance4 ,from the rough life they live1 with very rough people1 ,i have heard from those who have travelled in ,thibet1 these dogs are very awkward customers to tackle1 and often make things very unpleasant for travellers and strangers1 but ,i have no doubt they would make excellent guards1 and have a very distinguished appearance as companions4 ,afghan ,sheep ,dog4--,another eastern breed is the ,afghan ,sheep ,dog1 which1 in the specimens ,i have seen greatly resembles our own breed of ,english ,short-tailed ,sheep ,dog1 and like him1 is covered all over with a dense1 shaggy coat4 ,it seemed to me1 they were somewhat more woolly in texture and corded in character than the coats of our dogs1 and also they were leggier and more tucked up1 so that1 although they stand as high1 or higher1 ,i should say they would weigh considerably less on the average than our own ,bobtails4 ,their colours appear to be usually white1 with brown or black markings1 more or less profusely scattered over the bodies4 ,illustration3 ,,esquimaux ,,ch4 ,,arctic ,,king ,mrs ,h4 ,c4 ,,brooke ,,owner4 ,esquimaux4--,the ,esquimaux is another of the foreign breeds occasionally seen here1 rather larger and heavier than the ,chow1 and longer in head and neck1 generally some shade of grey or black and white in colour with a harsh outer1 but dense warm under coat1 rather long and arched in neck1 eyes obliquely set1 small for size of dog1 and very sly and wolf-like in expression1 with pricked ears carried rather forward and tail curled over back4 ,in the general way1 they are not very fascinating to strangers1 and may be spoken of in the same terms as the hero of a popular comic song who was said to be all right1 when you know him1 but you've got to know him1 first6 ,no doubt1 the number of expeditions to the ,arctic regions of late years1 and the keen public interest taken in all their details1 has had the effect of bringing these dogs1 so important to all ,arctic explorers1 more to the front4 ,there is a quaint1 independent air about them ,i rather like4 ,i have very frequently had to judge them in classes of foreign dogs from the ,arctic and ,northern regions1 and should not describe them as very genial1 or sociable1 in manner1 although somewhat unique and interesting in appearance4 ,illustration3 ,,chow ,,chow4 ,,ch4 ,,chow ,,viii4 ,mrs ,,faber ,,owner4 ,chow4--,another breed which is not without its supporters1 many of whom are amongst the ranks of the aristocracy1 is the ,chow1 which1 as the name implies1 is a native of ,china1 and much resembles a large1 coarse ,pomeranian1 with a short thick head and rather blunt prick ears1 the colours are almost invariably shades of red1 black1 or slate blue1 though ,i have seen some variations on these4 ,chows often are as large as small collies1 and possess very warm dense coats1 somewhat in the ,esquimaux style1 and carry their tails much the same way1 and are remarkable for having nearly inky black tongues4 ,like many of these foreign breeds1 they are hardly yet naturalised in this country1 but they are handsome1 distinguished-looking dogs and not unlikely to become more popular1 as they become more understood4 ,at present they are in very few hands1 and are more often met with at shows in the any other variety or ,foreign1 any variety1 classes1 than in a class or classes to themselves1 but at some of the larger shows1 ,i have frequently had good entries of them1 containing many beautiful specimens of the breed4 ,,show ,,points ,,of ,,chows ,the points of ,chows are as follows3 ,skull flat and wide1 muzzle substantial under the eyes1 of fair length and rather blunt at the nose1 tongue and lips black1 eyes dark and small1 ears very small1 pointed1 carried erect and forward2 neck powerful and slightly arched1 shoulders muscular and nicely sloped1 chest wide and deep1 body short and powerful with strong loins2 fore-legs strong and straight with small round feet1 hindquarters rather square with hindquarters well let down1 tail tightly curled over back1 coat very profuse1 flat and rather coarse in texture4 ,colours most usually black or red2 yellow1 blue and white1 if strictly self colours1 are correct4 ,weight1 dogs forty to fifty pounds2 bitches a little less4 ,illustration3 ,,australian ,,dingo ,,ch4 ,,myall ,mrs ,h4 ,c4 ,,brooke ,,owner4 ,the ,dingo4--,another colonial breed1 the ,dingo or ,wild ,dog of ,australia1 many of us have heard of but few seen4 ,as ,i happen to have a brother1 a clergyman1 in that country1 whose parish is forty miles square1 taking him the best part of each week to visit his parishioners on horseback or in buggy1 also three nephews1 sons of another brother1 likewise a clergyman in ,england1 all situated in different parts of the same colony1 ,i have heard a great deal of the doings of the ,dingoes4 ,they are very particular in their attentions to the poultry1 lambs1 and sometimes sheep1 so that they do not bear a good name in that country6 ,they are a good deal like jackals1 but rather larger in size1 and coats sleeker1 and tails less feathered1 less mane on shoulders1 and perhaps somewhat finer in head1 quite a sly1 wolf-like expression1 not often very safe to handle2 colours usually shades of yellow1 or sandy1 but ,i have seen them shades of brown1 and grey mixed1 rather fox-like in bark2 they are usually kept as curiosities of the canine race1 frequently muzzled or caged1 but as they get more used to civilised life1 they may develop more interesting qualities than they have yet been credited with4 ,illustration3 ,,chinese ,,crested ,,dog ,,chinese ,,emperor ,w4 ,k4 ,,taunton ,,owner4 ,the ,chinese ,crested ,dog4--,i think ,i will bring this brief notice of some of the outlandish breeds to a close1 with a mention of what ,i think is rather a rare sort1 the ,chinese ,crested ,dog1 as1 although ,i have judged ,foreign ,dogs at all the leading shows during a great many years1 ,i have had very few true specimens of this scarce breed brought before me4 ,i am pleased to have been able to secure a good portrait of the best ,i have ever seen1 by the courtesy of its owner4 ,i have generally found them with a smooth mottled skin quite devoid of hair1 except a crest1 or tuft of stiffish hair on the forehead or above it1 usually nearly white or whitey brown in colour1 and a tuft of similar colour and character at the end of the tail4 ,round skull1 well defined stop1 and rather short1 mean face1 in shape and style of body something like a coarse strong ,italian greyhound1 and nearly always giving you the idea of being pinched with the cold4 ,from what little ,i have seen of them1 ,i should consider them1 rather delicate1 and unsuited for our climate1 except under favourable circumstances4 ,i imagine they are merely kept as companions and pets1 as ,i never heard of any of them being turned to account for any useful purpose4 ,i am aware there are several other breeds ,i might have included in this chapter1 such as the ,samoyede ,sledge dogs1 7a capital portrait of this breed is here given7 the ,pyrenean ,sheep ,dog2 the ,leonberg ,dog1 ,the ,dogue de ,bordeaux1 a capital portrait of a very fine specimen of which is also given1 and which has a great deal the character of a high-class ,bull ,mastiff about it1 and has been largely used on the ,continent in fighting the bear and other large game2 and others1 but ,i think ,i have said enough to comply with its title of ,something ,about ,foreign ,dogs6 ,illustration3 ,,lapland-,,sledge-,,dog ,,perla4 ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,prince ,,of ,,wales4 ,,owner4 ,illustration3 ,,dogue ,,de ,,bordeaux4 ,,ch4 ,,sans-,,peur4 7,late7 ,mrs ,h4 ,c4 ,,brooke ,,owner4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,humours ,,and ,,vagaries ,,of ,,the ,,show-,,rings ,i remember meeting a friend1 many years since1 whose wife was rather a fine woman1 who had been younger and better looking1 but still fancied herself a good deal1 and had a decent ,pug1 which she made a point of taking to any shows held in their neighbourhood1 and as ,i knew he had entered the ,pug in two or three classes at a local show where a reverend gentleman1 at that time very well known as an all round judge1 at many shows throughout the kingdom1 was officiating1 ,i said1 ,well1 old fellow1 and how did your wife get on with her ,pug8 ,oh1 very badly1 said he1 there was a smart looking girl1 with pink roses in her hat1 had a dog in the ring1 and the judge couldn't look at anything else1 although our ,pug was ever so much better6 ,as ,i happened to hear1 casually1 that another reverend judge1 who had been not only a very successful breeder and exhibitor1 but one of our ablest judges1 particularly of the non-sporting breeds1 was about to decline further judging1 ,i considered1 especially at that time1 when there were few judges of ability and standing1 that he could be ill spared1 so ,i wrote to ask him1 if ,i obtained a strong expression of opinion from some of the leading exhibitors in his section1 whether he would reconsider the matter1 and he wrote me a very courteous letter1 agreeing to do so4 ,i then had a fac-simile letter1 of my writing1 prepared1 and sent a copy to all the leading breeders and exhibitors of non-sporting dogs1 and ,i do not think ,i had one refusal4 ,i doubt if any judge ever had such a requisition1 and the result was1 that for many years1 the public had the benefit of his valuable services1 until1 ,i regret to say1 ill health compelled him to give up all such matters1 but he retained his popularity to the last1 and his retirement was universally regretted4 ,i have often met him since as a looker on at shows1 and we have occasionally corresponded4 ,as ,i have mentioned in the earlier pages of this work1 for many years ,i was a very keen breeder and exhibitor of ,dandies1 and kept a great many of them at one time1 perhaps the strongest kennel of the breed in the kingdom1 and won scores of prizes1 etc4 ,i remember1 on one occasion1 when ,i had a team of dogs at a show in ,gloucestershire1 ,i had one of my best ,dandies entered either in a ,rough ,terrier ,class1 or a class composed of ,winners of so many ,prizes 7in those days1 all sorts of peculiar classes and conditions were introduced into the schedules71 and there were two judges to officiate1 neither of whom1 ,i very much expect1 had ever had a ,dandie before him previously4 ,i was1 at first1 much amused to see how they were puzzled over him1 and ,i could see them taking counsel together 7,i may say1 they were men of the highest class1 as straight as gun barrels1 and both deservedly respected and esteemed by the whole kennel world1 one amongst sporting1 the other among non-sporting classes1 but as ,i hope and believe they are both still living ,i will not mention their names1 although ,i have told the tale to one of them to his intense amusement and delight74 ,but afterwards1 ,i began to fear they would1 from not being sure what manner of animal ,i had in tow1 pass me over1 or worse still1 give some inferior notice to my dog1 who was a noted champion1 and about the best specimen of the breed at that time4 ,after a while they came back to me and made a more detailed examination of my dog1 asked me his number1 and awarded him ,first ,prize and ,special1 to my great relief1 as ,i had been thinking what a fool ,i had been to enter a ,champion1 to have such a chance of a knock-back at a county show6 ,sometime after that1 ,i was taking a short exhibiting tour1 with a team of my dogs1 following three or four shows1 held close together1 and not more than one or two days each in duration4 ,amongst others ,i had an excellent ,dandie ,bitch with me1 who had never been out of the money1 and was in excellent form at the time4 ,i showed her at one place 7,reading1 ,i fancy17 and took first under the ,rev4 ,w4 ,i4 ,mellor4 ,the next show was1 ,i think1 ,swindon2 there ,i met almost the same lot of ,dandies1 this time under the late ,mr4 ,w4 ,lort1 who1 after he had looked through the class1 came up to me and said1 ,i am sorry to say1 ,mr4 ,lane1 ,i cannot give you more than ',very ,highly ,commended1' for your ,bitch4 ,i replied1 ,in that case1 sir1 ,i shall be greatly obliged by your passing her over altogether2 she took first prize yesterday in the same company under ,mr4 ,mellor1 who is reckoned one of our leading ,dandie judges1 and ,i am going to show her under him to-morrow at ,henley 7,i think it was7 where ,i have every hope she will do the same1 so that ,i should not like her to take ',v4 ,h4 ,c4' for the first time in her life in between4 ,so the bitch was passed over and duly won another first prize the next day4 ,the first time ,i had the honor of judging any dogs belonging to members of the ,royal ,family was many years since at ,warwick1 where1 ,i believe1 ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 the ,prince of ,wales exhibited1 for the first time1 ,skyes1 and foreign dogs4 ,he may have shown others1 also1 but those were the classes with which ,i was concerned4 ,i remember the ,committee and ,chairman of the show were1 quite properly1 much impressed with the honour of the ,royal patronage to their show at that time1 nearly or quite the best held out of ,london and admirably managed by a well organised and most capable and courteous committee of real workers1 whom it was always a pleasure to meet4 ,as ,i judged1 or showed1 at all their shows1 ,i can speak from experience2 and ,i may further say that ,i consider it a positive calamity for the kennel world when these shows came to an end4 ,for1 not only were they most delightful gatherings1 of the ,flower of the ,fancy1 both dogs1 and people1 but1 held in well adapted buildings and premises1 near the quaint old ,midland ,town1 almost under the shadow of the historic castle and under the active patronage of the late ,earl of ,warwick1 and the present ,earl1 then ,lord ,brooke 7both able and devoted ,dog ,fanciers7 and his beautiful wife1 who always used to grace the shows by her presence1 and took a keen interest in many of the animals shown1 besides being an exhibitor in some of the classes4 ,the ,chairman intimated to me that the inmates of the ,royal ,kennel should stand well in the ,prize ,list4 ,i told him every dog entered would be judged by me strictly on its merits1 and if it was afterwards found the ,royal ,dogs were amongst the ,prize ,winners1 none would be more pleased than ,i should1 but ,i could not say or do more than that1 and ,i was sure ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 would wish his dogs to stand1 or fall1 on their merits alone6 ,since then ,i have very often had the honour of judging dogs from the ,royal ,kennels1 both ,sandringham and ,windsor4 ,i remember it so happened that the first time ,her ,majesty the ,queen exhibited any dogs1 nearly all ,her ,majesty's entries came into my classes at a ,great ,london show4 ,soon after my entering the building ,i went to have a look at my classes1 and shortly afterwards1 the secretary came up to me and said1 ,do you know you have the great honour of being the first man to judge any dogs from ,her ,majesty's kennels8 ,i said1 ,i have heard so4 ,he then said1 ,well1 ,i am most anxious they should all be in the prize list1 as ,i consider it a high honour that ,her ,majesty has allowed them to be entered4 ,i said1 ,that is all right enough1 but although ,i will not admit ,her ,majesty has a more loyal or devoted subject than myself1 ,i am here in a public capacity as a judge1 and if ,her ,majesty's dogs are entered1 in competition with ,her ,majesty's subjects' dogs1 they can only be judged 'on their merits1' and from what ,i can see on the benches as the ,royal dogs have been pointed out to me by your keepers ,i don't think many of them will be 'in the money1' as the classes are very large and good4 ,he said1 ,that will never do2 what can be done8 ,i said1 ,will you leave it to me8 ,he said1 ,yes1 entirely4 ,i said1 ,then ,i will have all the dogs of the same colour and type as those from the ,royal kennels1 formed into a separate class1 7which luckily1 was feasible17 and judged together4 ,this was done and ,i hope caused general satisfaction1 which would not have been the case had any partiality been shown1 nor would such have been approved by ,her ,majesty1 ,i am perfectly sure1 if the circumstances came to be known at the palace4 ,on one occasion when ,i had been judging a number of classes at a large ,london show1 after ,i had done1 one of the fair exhibitors came up to me and said1 ,you don't seem to like my dogs4 ,i said1 ,if you will tell me the numbers of your dogs ,i will refer to my judging book1 and see what notes ,i made of them4 ,she gave the numbers1 and ,i read out the notes on each4 ,but this did not satisfy her1 and she said1 ,ah6 ,i am only a poor widow1 if ,i were only a rich heiress1 like ----1 ,i suppose it would be different1 she can win any number of prizes with her dogs4 ,i replied1 ,you have no right to speak in that way to me1 neither you nor any other exhibitor can say ,i have ever made any distinction between rich and poor4 ,i have always sought to judge the dogs alone1 irrespective of their owners2 if the dogs of the person you mention have won it is because they were1 in my opinion1 the best4 ,she said no more1 nor did ,i1 but ,i presume she thought ,i spoke the truth1 as ,i have often noticed her as an exhibitor in my classes1 at various shows since1 and it is not reasonable to suppose she would continue to show under me1 if she thought ,i favoured any one6 ,indeed1 there are so many lookers-on round every ring1 nowadays who understand the various breeds1 and are prepared to criticise the awards1 that judges are put upon their mettle1 particularly with some of the popular breeds1 where the competition is often very keen1 and the entries large4 ,some years since1 at a large show in ,wales ,i had a large and good class of ,bedlington ,terriers1 but there was one dog that stood out1 head and shoulders above the rest2 it chanced that ,i began my examination of each specimen in the class1 which ,i always endeavour to make1 and a short note of the result in my book1 at the dog standing next to him in the ring1 and therefore he was the last to be looked at1 and merely going over him enough to see that his coat1 condition1 topknot1 legs1 eyes1 teeth and ears1 were satisfactory1 ,i sent them for a run round1 marked my book and dismissed the class2 while ,i was waiting for the next lot of dogs a very melancholy-looking man crept up to me and said1 ,would you kindly tell me1 sir1 what you gave my dog8 ,i asked his number1 and when he told me1 said1 ,first and special for best in the show2 he threw his hat up in the air1 and roared out1 ,well1 ,i'm blessed1 ,i knowed he knowed 'em1 he didn't hardly want to look at my dog1 he didn't1 he could see he were the best with half an eye1 he could1 and1 from being a solemn and sad-looking person1 he became the most jovial-looking fellow you could wish to see4 ,i did not know his name1 and do not know it now1 but he amused me very much at the time6 ,i do not remember where it occurred1 but ,i was judging rather a good class of ,scottish ,terriers somewhere in the provinces1 and a keeper brought in a dog ,i liked the look of1 and after going over the classes ,i marked him first1 and told the keeper to take him away and bench him1 which ,i suppose he did4 ,you can imagine my surprise when shortly after1 the same dog made his appearance in the ring again1 this time led by a man ,i knew well as rather an extensive exhibitor1 at that time1 and he began making the most of his dog before me4 ,but as ,i had quite done with him1 and had still some of my awards in the class to make1 ,i did not want that1 so ,i said1 ,i should take away that dog1 and bench him if ,i were you1 as he has been judged and sent out sometime since4 ,the exhibitor in question1 whom his worst enemy would not describe as either shy or timid1 was unusually rapid in his departure from that ring1 and ,i have since heard the story from others1 to whom ,i suppose he told it1 but ,i have never told it until now6 ,i have had such a long and varied experience of judging1 that although ,i have often and often had classes large enough and strong enough to make one pull one's self together1 ,i never remember being really nonplussed1 but once1 and that was when ,i was judging some years ago at the ,people's ,palace1 situated in the ,east ,end of ,london4 ,i presume1 the drawers up of the schedule had not been previously experienced in such work1 as amongst others1 they had provided a ,variety ,class for ,london ,exhibitors1 and1 if obtaining entries is a criterion of success1 it was very successful1 as they obtained no less than #ade entries4 ,i do not know1 but ,i should think1 it was the largest class ever seen at any show6 ,and when ,i saw the tens and scores of dogs pouring into my ring1 ,i wondered what was to become of them1 as it was a good walk merely to go round them1 and they formed a small dog show by themselves1 and ,i noticed about five or six well-known ,champions amongst them1 as it included most of the known breeds of dogs4 ,after referring to my judging book1 many pages in which were of course taken up1 ,i found ,i had three prizes to divide amongst this crowd1 so ,i went to the committee1 and explained the matter to them4 ,they behaved very well indeed1 they said1 ,we will leave the matter entirely to you1 do whatever you please in it4 ,i went back1 divided the class into over thirty pounds and under thirty pounds1 cleared out all that was no good1 and weeded down the remainder1 and eventually gave two equal firsts1 two equal seconds1 and two equal thirds in each division1 making twelve prizes and two reserves in all1 which was a lot better than attempting to award three prizes amongst close on #aej dogs4 ,i think the exhibitors were pleased1 and felt ,i had done the best in my power to get them and myself out of an awkward position4 ,many of my readers will remember ,mr4 ,george ,helliwell1 better known to his intimates as ,yorkshire ,george1 and his long connection with the late ,mr4 ,fletcher's successful kennel of sporting dogs4 ,it was always a safe draw to touch on the merits of the ,fox ,terrier ,rattler1 who won many of his numerous honours1 when in ,george's care1 and he was never tired1 and would be nearly moved to tears in recounting his virtues and triumphs4 ,i remember one occasion1 when he was officiating as a judge1 in which capacity he was in great request1 and highly qualified4 ,after he had judged a class1 one of the exhibitors1 who was not satisfied with what he had awarded to his dog1 went up and asked him why he had not given him more1 saying his dog had a wonderful pedigree1 and thought he ought to have beaten all there4 ,george said1 in his own peculiar way1 slapping his inquirer gently on the back1 ,if tha' tak my advice1 lad1 the next toime ther' goes to show1 thou'll tak thy dog's pedigree wi thee1 and leave dog at 'oom6 ,i fear my writing of the matter does not properly convey the intense humour of the incident1 and the broad ,yorkshire dialect in which the advice was given6 ,but ,george's many friends will picture it for themselves4 ,i saw in the papers lately the death of ,mr4 ,frank ,adcock1 and it brought to my mind not only his craze for ,giant ,bull ,dogs1 which is well known to the ,fancy of his day1 but also his ,great ,dane ,satan1 most appropriately named1 as he rightly or wrongly enjoyed the reputation of being the most savage member of the canine race ever benched at shows4 ,i remember him as a very large1 ,i think1 dark ,harlequin-coloured specimen of the breed1 always muzzled1 even on the bench1 and it usually required two1 and sometimes four1 keepers to deal with him1 and on one occasion1 ,i think it was a show at ,bristol ,drill ,hall1 many years since1 when he was being removed from the benches to be sent back to his owner1 he1 although still muzzled1 overpowered his attendants1 and worried and tore most of the clothes from one of them1 well known to exhibitors as ,teddy ,morgan1 who gave me a blood-curdling account of his experiences of the affair4 ,he said he fully thought ,satan would have killed him then and there1 and spoke of the nonchalant and airy manner in which his owner treated the matter1 when he1 afterwards recounted his perils and troubles to him1 with all the embellishments of which he was capable1 adding1 ,mr4 ,adcock1 he guv me a 'quid' 7#bj s47 sir1 and said he were glad it were me1 and not some raw cove what didn't understand dogs6 ,,chapter ,,xviii ,,anecdotes ,,about ,,dogs1 ,,personal ,,and ,,selected ,i have generally found persons1 whether doggy or not1 interested in anecdotes about dogs1 particularly those displaying their intelligence1 fidelity and courage4 ,some of the following are within my own knowledge1 all are related as being believed to be true4 ,i have selected those ,i fancied might be interesting out of a great many ,i have collected1 but some of them may have appeared elsewhere4 ,we were telling of the extraordinary ways dogs will find their way home1 alone1 when a farmer in my district named ,churchill said1 ,yes1 you see that ,sheep dog1 pointing to a large merle1 rather old-fashioned type of ,collie1 called by his master ,ben4 ,well1 he said1 ,i was down at my daughter's in the lower part of ,somersetshire1 and had taken ,ben there with me1 by rail1 and while we were all in the garden in the evening1 ,i went into the house for something or other1 and ,ben missed me4 ,he at once jumped the fence and set off on the return journey just as darkness was coming on1 but he could not have wasted much time about it1 as my servants told me he was back at my farm1 more than forty miles distant1 very early the next morning1 and they kept looking out for me1 as we were generally not far away from each other4 ,i had that dog from a puppy1 and ,i knew he had never seen that road before1 it was dark soon after he started1 yet he must have travelled at the rate of five or six miles an hour all the way1 and at a time when there would be few people or conveyances about to help him4 ,i had a very similar experience with a dog of another breed4 ,i had been travelling in the island of ,skye1 and bought from a game-keeper at a romantic looking village called ,uig1 a young dog1 which he called a ,short-,haired ,skye ,terrier1 but which was1 really1 what is now known as a ,scottish1 or ,aberdeen ,terrier1 called by the ,gaelic name of ,fraochen1 which ,i believe means heather1 and was very appropriate in his case1 for he was just that sort of brindle grizzled colour1 that if he was in the heather 7as ,i noticed many times while he was with me17 you could hardly distinguish him from it4 ,after going about with us to various places1 ,i brought him to my mother's house at ,clifton in ,gloucestershire1 where ,i was making a short stay1 and the following day ,i went out for a drive over the ,durdham ,downs1 through ,westbury1 ,henbury1 etc41 to a village1 about ten or twelve miles from ,clifton1 and 7as ,i have since thought very foolishly17 ,i allowed1 ,fraochen1 to follow the trap1 and several times during the journey1 there ,i noticed him running by the side1 or in front1 but when we had accomplished the journey and were about to return by a different route1 ,i missed him1 and it then struck me1 what a fool ,i had been1 to take out a young dog1 not only along a strange road1 but in a country which he had never before seen1 and quite a contrast to his native home in ,skye4 ,i of course gave him up as lost1 which ,i much regretted1 as his cool1 independent manner and quaint1 jaunty air had greatly endeared him to me1 during the time we had been acquainted4 ,however1 when ,i returned to ,clifton1 ,i had to pass one place1 near where some of the houses of the ,clifton college masters now stand1 where four roads meet1 by one of which ,i must come to reach my mother's house4 ,on the space in the centre1 and commanding a view of these four1 sat ,fraochen1 waiting our approach4 ,how he managed to get over the ten or twelve miles of quite unknown country1 7as ,i found that he1 like ourselves1 came back by a different route from the one we went by17 ,i do not know1 but ,i asked several travellers we met1 if they had noticed a dog coming towards them along the road1 and most of them answered they did1 and that he was running like steam1 or he wasn't wasting much time about it1 etc4 ,he lived with me until his death from old age1 many years afterwards but was quite a character in many ways4 ,one of his peculiarities was1 if he was out with my wife1 with whom he was a prime favourite1 without me1 he considered her under his special protection1 no matter how many or how large any of the other dogs out at same time might be1 and if he was on1 ever so far in front1 and he met any rough-looking or suspicious character of the tramp species1 he would immediately return and walk close to my wife's side1 so as to come between her and the objectionable person1 and continue that position so long as he was anywhere near4 ,we were talking of the speed of ,greyhounds1 which has been said to be equal to that of the fleetest horse1 and a singular circumstance which occurred at ,doncaster1 in ,yorkshire1 sometime since1 proved that it was not much inferior4 ,a mare cantering over the ,doncaster course1 her competitor having been withdrawn1 was joined by a ,greyhound bitch1 when she had proceeded about a mile1 she seemed determined to race with the mare1 which the jockey on the latter humoured1 and gradually increased his pace1 until at the distance1 they put themselves at their full speed4 ,the mare beat her antagonist only by a short head4 ,the race horse is perhaps from his superior strength and length of stride1 generally able to outrun the ,greyhound on level ground1 but the latter would have the pull over him in a hilly country1 or over ground at all rough or uneven4 ,the ,greyhound is said to be deficient in attachment to his master and in general intelligence4 ,there is some truth in the imputation1 but he has1 in fact1 far less even than the hound1 the opportunity of forming individual attachments and no other exercise of the mind is required of him1 than to follow the game which starts up before him and catch it1 if he can4 ,if1 however1 he is closely watched1 he will be found to have all the intellect his situation requires4 ,in illustration of this1 ,i remember reading in a very old doggy book1 an account of two greyhounds said to be as arrant thieves as ever lived4 ,they would now and then steal into the cooking house1 belonging to the kennels1 lift up the boiler lid with their noses or paws1 and if any portion of the joints or pieces of meat rose above the water1 suddenly seize them and before there was time for them to suffer much from the heat1 fling it out on the stone floor and eat it at their leisure1 when it had grown cold4 ,in order to prevent this1 the top of the boiler was secured by an iron rod1 passing under its handle and tied to the handle of the boiler on each side2 and not many days passed before they found out they could gnaw the cords around it1 displace the rod and fish out the meat as before4 ,small chains were then substituted for the cords and the meat was cooked in safety for nearly a week1 when they found that by rearing on their hind legs and applying their united strength towards the upper part of the boiler1 they could lift it off the fire and roll it on the floor1 so getting at the soup or broth1 although the meat was not in their reach4 ,the keeper who looked after them expressed himself heartily glad when they were gone1 for he said he was often afraid to go into the kennel1 wondering what they would be up to next1 and felt sure they were demons1 and not dogs at all4 ,a singular story is told of ,king ,richard ,,ii4 of ,england1 and a dog of this breed4 ,it is given in the quaint language of ,froissart4 ,a ,greyhound called ,mithe1 who always wayted upon ye ,kynge1 and wolde know no man els4 ,for when so ever ye ,kynge did ryde1 he that kept ye ,greyhounde dyd lette hym lose1 and he wolde streyht runne to ye ,kynge and faun uppon hym and leape with his fore fete upon ye shoulders of ye ,kynge4 ,it came to passe that onne daye as ye ,kynge and ye ,erle of ,darbye talked togyther in ye yarde of ye ,courte ye ,greyhounde who was wonte to leape uppon ye ,kynge1 left ye ,kynge and came to ye ,erle of ,darbye1 ,duke of ,lancastre1 and made to hym the same friendlye continuance1 and chere as he was wonte to do to ye ,kynge4 ,the ,duke1 who knew not ye dogge1 nor whence he came1 demanded of ye ,kynge what ye ,greyhounde wolde do4 ,cousin1 quoth ye ,kynge1 it is a great good token to you1 but an evyl and a gruesome signe to me4 ,how know ye that1 quod ye ,duke4 ,i know it fulle wele1 quod ye ,kynge4 ,ye ,greyhounde acknowledgethe and acceptethe you1 here this daye as ye ryteful ,kynge of ,englande1 as ye shal be1 without doubte1 and ,i shal be streyghtwaye deposed2 the ,greyhounde hathe thys knowledge1 naturally1 there fore take hym to you1 he wil followe you and forsake me4 ,ye ,duke wel understoode those wordes and cheryshed ye ,greyhounde1 who wolde never after followe ,kynge ,richarde1 but continued to follow at all tymes ye ,duke of ,lancastre4 ,the owner of the dog an ,english ,water ,spaniel1 tells the following anecdote1 which is stated to be absolutely true3 ,i was once on the seacoast1 when a small1 ill-made and leaky fishing boat was cast on shore1 on a dangerous reef of rocks4 ,three men and a boy of ten years1 constituted the crew1 the men swam to land1 but were so bruised and knocked about against the rocks that they were unable to render any assistance to the poor boy1 and no one was found to venture out to help him4 ,i heard the noise and went to the spot with my dog1 ,i spoke to him and in he went1 more like a seal or other marine animal1 than a dog1 and after several vain attempts succeeded in mounting the wreck and laid hold of the boy's clothes1 who screamed and clung to the ropes1 etc41 being much frightened at being thus dragged into the water1 as the waves were dashing over the rocks4 ,in the excitement and anxiety of the moment ,i thought the dog had missed his hold1 and stripped off most of my clothes to render what assistance ,i could4 ,i was just in the act of springing in1 having selected the time when the receding waves gave the best chance1 when ,i caught sight of old ,bagsman1 as my dog was called1 with the struggling boy1 whose head was uppermost4 ,i rushed to where they must land and received both as they reached the shore4 ,some time after ,i was out with the same dog1 wild fowl shooting4 ,we had both been hard at work and ,i left him behind me1 while ,i went to a neighbouring town to get a supply of gunpowder4 ,a man in a drunken frolic had pushed off in a boat with a girl in it1 the tide running out1 carried the boat quickly away1 and the man being unable to swim1 became frightened and jumped overboard4 ,bagsman was near the spot1 heard the splash1 jumped in1 swam to the man1 caught hold of him and brought him twenty or thirty yards towards shore1 when the drunken fellow clasped the dog tightly round the body1 and they both went down together4 ,the girl was saved by a boat going to her assistance4 ,the body of the man was recovered about an hour afterward with that of the dog1 tightly clasped in his arms1 thus dragging both to the bottom4 ,the sagacity of the ,poodle is well known1 and their aptitude to learn tricks4 ,mr4 ,wilkie1 of ,ladiethorn1 in ,northumberland1 had one he had instructed to go through all the apparent agonies of death4 ,he would fall on his side1 stretch himself out and move his hind legs as if he were in great pain2 he would next simulate the convulsive throbs of departing life1 and then stretch out his limbs1 and thus seem as if he had expired2 in this position he would remain motionless1 until he heard his master's command to rise4 ,jesse1 in his ,gleanings in ,natural ,history1 gives another illustration of the intelligence of this breed4 ,a friend of his had one that was not always under proper command4 ,to keep him in better order he purchased a small whip1 with which he1 once or twice1 corrected him during a walk4 ,on his return the whip was put on a table in the hall1 but the next morning it was missing4 ,soon afterwards it was found concealed in an outhouse1 and again used in correcting the dog4 ,once more it would have been lost1 but on a strict watch being kept upon the suspected dog1 he was seen to take it away from the hall table in order to once more hide it away4 ,there are endless stories told of the life saving qualities of ,newfoundland dogs4 ,i will here mention two of them4 ,a ,german was travelling one evening on foot through the ,dyke country in ,holland1 accompanied by a large specimen of this breed1 walking on a high bank which formed one side of a dyke1 his foot slipped and he was precipitated into the water1 and being unable to swim soon lost his senses4 ,when he recovered consciousness1 he found himself in a cottage on the other side of the dyke1 surrounded by peasants1 who had been using the means for the recovery of drowned persons4 ,the account given him by one of them was1 that returning home from work he observed1 some distance off1 a large dog in the water1 swimming and dragging1 and sometimes pushing along something that he seemed to have great difficulty in supporting1 but which he at length succeeded in getting into a small creek on the opposite side4 ,when the animal had pulled what he had hitherto supported1 as far out of the water as he was able1 the peasant was able to discover that it was the body of a man1 whose face and hands the dog was industriously licking4 ,he hastened to a bridge across the dyke1 and having obtained assistance1 the body was conveyed to a neighbouring house1 where proper means soon restored the drowning man to life4 ,two very considerable bruises1 with the marks of teeth1 appeared one on his shoulder and the other on his poll1 hence it was presumed the faithful beast had first seized his master by the shoulder and swam with him in this manner for sometime1 but that his sagacity had prompted him to quit this hold and to shift it to the nape of the neck1 by which he had been enabled to support the head out of the water and in this way he had conveyed him1 nearly a quarter of a mile1 before he had brought him to the creek where the banks were low and accessible4 ,another story runs as follows3 ,a vessel was driven on the beach at ,lydd in ,kent4 ,the surf was rolling furiously4 ,eight poor fellows were crying for help1 but no boat could be got off for their assistance4 ,at length a gentleman came down to the beach accompanied by a fine ,newfoundland dog1 he directed the attention of the animal to the vessel and put a short stick into his mouth4 ,the intelligent and courageous fellow at once understood his meaning1 sprang into the sea1 and fought his way through the waves4 ,he could not1 however1 on account of the high seas running1 get close enough to the vessel to deliver that with which he was charged1 but the crew understood what was meant1 made fast a rope to another piece of wood and threw it towards him4 ,the noble beast dropped his own piece of wood1 and seized that which had been cast to him1 and then1 with a degree of strength and determination scarcely credible1 for he was again and again lost sight of in the roaring sea1 he dragged it through the surge and delivered it to his master4 ,a line of communication was thus formed1 and every man on board was rescued4 ,referring to some of the breeds peculiar to northern climes the following is told3 ,a man named ,chabert had a beautiful ,siberian dog1 who would draw him in a light carriage twenty miles a day4 ,he asked #bjj for him1 and sold him for nearly that amount1 for he was a most beautiful specimen of his breed1 and as docile as he was beautiful4 ,between the sale and the delivery1 the dog had an accident and broke his leg4 ,chabert1 to whom the money was an object of immense importance1 was in despair4 ,he took the dog at night to a leading veterinary surgeon4 ,he formally introduced them to each other1 he talked to the dog1 pointed to his leg1 limped round the room1 then requested the surgeon to apply some bandages1 etc41 round the leg and then seemed to walk sound and well1 he patted the dog on the head1 who was looking alternately at him and the surgeon1 desired the surgeon to pat him and offer him his hand to lick1 and then holding up his finger to the dog and gently shaking his head1 quitted the room and the house4 ,the dog immediately laid himself down1 and submitted to a reduction of the fracture and the bandaging of the limb1 without a motion1 except once or twice1 licking the hand of the operator4 ,he was quite docile1 and remained in a manner motionless1 day after day1 until at the expiration of a month1 the limb was sound4 ,not a trace of the fracture was to be detected and the purchaser knew nothing of it4 ,many years ago1 the following scene took place in a street adjoining ,hanover ,square4 ,it was an exhibition of a highly interesting character1 worthy to be recorded4 ,the then editor of the ,lancet having heard that a ,french gentleman1 ,mr4 ,leonard1 who had for some time been engaged in instructing two dogs in various performances1 that required the exercise1 not merely of the natural instincts of the animals and the power of imitation1 but of a higher intellect and degrees of reflection and judgment far greater than is commonly developed in dogs1 was then residing in ,london1 obtained an introduction1 and was obligingly favoured by ,mr4 ,leonard1 with an appointment to witness the performance of his extraordinary pupils1 and he thus describes the interview3 ,two fine dogs of the ,spanish breed were introduced by ,mr4 ,leonard1 with the customary ,french politeness1 the largest by the name of ,philax1 the other as ,brac 7or ,spot71 the former had been in training three1 the latter two years4 ,they were in vigourous health1 and having bowed gracefully1 took their seats on the hearth rug side by side4 ,mr4 ,leonard then gave a lively description of the means he had employed to develop the brain power of these animals1 how from being fond of the chase and anxious to possess the best trained dogs1 he had employed the usual course of training1 how the conviction had been impressed on his mind1 that by gentle usage and steady perseverance in making the animal repeat over and over again1 what was wanted1 not only would he be capable of performing the act required1 but the part of the brain which was brought into mental activity by the effort1 would become more fully developed and a permanent increase of power obtained4 ,after this introduction1 ,mr4 ,leonard spoke to his dogs in ,french in his usual tone1 ordering one to walk1 the other to lie down1 to run1 gallop1 halt1 crouch1 etc41 which they did as promptly and correctly as the most docile children4 ,then he put them through the usual exercises of the circus rings1 which they performed as well as the best trained ponies at any high class circus4 ,he then placed six cards of different colours on the floor1 and sitting with his back to the dogs1 directed one to pick up the blue card1 and the other the white one1 etc41 etc41 varying his orders rapidly1 and speaking in such a manner that unless the dogs had a perfect knowledge of the words used1 they could not have carried out his commands4 ,for example1 he said1 ,philax1 take the red card and give it to ,brac1 and ,brac1 take the white card and give it to ,philax4 ,the dogs instantly did this and exchanged cards with each other4 ,he then said1 ,philax1 put your card on the green1 and ,brac1 put yours on the blue1 and this was immediately done4 ,pieces of bread and meat were placed on the floor1 also figured cards and varied directions and instructions were given to the dogs1 so as severely to test their memories1 obedience and intelligence4 ,they brought the bread1 meat1 or cards1 as commanded1 but did not attempt to eat any of the two former1 unless ordered to do so4 ,philax was then desired to fetch a piece of meat and give it to ,brac1 and then ,brac was told to give it back to ,philax1 who was to return it to its place4 ,philax was next told he might bring a piece of bread and eat it1 but before he had time to swallow it1 his master forbade him and desired him to show he had obeyed orders1 and the dog instantly protruded the crust between his lips4 ,while some of these feats were being performed1 ,mr4 ,leonard loudly cracked a whip occasionally1 to prove that the animals were so completely under discipline that they would give no heed to any noises or interruptions4 ,after many other performances ,mr4 ,leonard invited ,mr4 ,blanc1 a gentleman present1 to play a game of dominoes with one of his dogs1 which he consented to do4 ,the younger dog1 ,brac1 seated himself on a chair at the table and ,messrs4 ,leonard and ,blanc seated themselves opposite4 ,six dominoes were placed on their edges1 in the usual way1 before the dog and the same number before ,mr4 ,blanc4 ,the dog having amongst its numbers a double number1 took it up in its mouth and dropped it in the centre of the table1 ,mr4 ,blanc added a single number to one side of it1 the dog at once played another correctly1 and so on1 till all the pieces were used up4 ,a fresh lot of six dominoes were then served out to each competitor and ,mr4 ,blanc 7just to test the dog7 intentionally put a wrong number in the course of the game4 ,the dog looked surprised and excited1 stared hard at ,mr4 ,blanc1 growled1 and finally barked loudly4 ,finding no notice taken of his remonstrances1 he then pushed away the wrong domino1 with his nose1 and put a right number1 from amongst his own1 in its place4 ,mr4 ,blanc afterwards continued the play correctly and the game was won by the dog4 ,not the slightest hint or information appeared to be given by ,mr4 ,leonard to the dog4 ,this method of playing a game of dominoes must have been entirely the result of his individual observation and judgment4 ,the performance was strictly private throughout1 the owner of the dogs was a gentleman of independent fortune1 and had taken up the instruction of his dogs merely as a curious and amusing investigation as to the cultivated intelligence of animals4 ,plutarch relates that1 at the ,theatre of ,marcellus1 a dog was exhibited before the ,emperor ,vespasian so well taught1 as to perform the figures and steps of every 7then7 known kind of dance4 ,he afterwards feigned illness in a most singular manner1 so as to strike the spectators with astonishment4 ,he first exhibited various symptoms of pain1 then fell down as if dead1 afterwards seemed to revive1 gradually1 as if waking from a profound sleep and then frisked and sported about1 giving meanwhile various demonstrations of joy and delight4 ,it is surprising the antipathy which sometimes exists between inmates of the same kennels1 ,i have had several instances of it in the course of a long experience with most breeds4 ,i remember some years ago ,i had a ,skye ,terrier bitch1 called ,wasp1 and a ,pepper ,dandie bitch1 known as ,hornet1 which we generally characterised as ,the ,insects1 and very stinging insects they were1 if they happened to meet4 ,one day when ,i was driving in the dog cart to the railway station1 at that time about a six-mile drive to the nearest town to where ,i was living1 and as we were going along1 ,i thought ,i heard a humming sound1 and said to my kennelman who was with me1 ,jump down1 ,hale1 ,i believe those ,insects are at it6 and ,i was right4 ,they had eaten through the sides of their baskets1 and got at each other1 through the holes1 and were fairly enjoying themselves on the journey4 ,we managed to keep them apart the rest of the way to the show they were bound for4 ,i cannot recall what the place was1 but ,i well remember that ,hornet1 who although quite a little creature1 was a perfect demon with others of her own race1 though sweet tempered1 and most engaging with human beings1 broke three chains ,i bought there1 two of them new ones1 in order to get again at ,wasp1 before they left the show to return home4 ,their portraits appear in one of my pictures with pony1 my children and dogs1 and are very like them4 ,,chapter ,,xix ,,anecdotes ,,about ,,dogs 7,continued7 ,in these days1 when so much has been attempted and done1 in connection with expeditions to the ,arctic regions1 the following account by the late ,captain ,parry1 ,r4 ,n4 in the ,journal of his second voyage1 may be interesting as giving a lively and accurate description of the manner in which ,esquimaux ,dogs are managed in the sleighing operations in those inclement climes4 ,when drawing a sledge1 says he1 the dogs have a simple harness of reindeer or seal skin1 going round the neck of one bight and another for each of the fore legs1 with a single thong leading over the back1 and attached to the sledge1 as a trace4 ,though they appear1 at first sight1 to be huddled together without any regard to regularity1 there is1 in fact1 considerable attention paid to their arrangement1 particularly in the selection of a dog of peculiar spirit and sagacity1 who is allowed by a longer trace1 to precede all the rest1 as ,leader1 and to whom1 in turning to the right or left1 the driver usually addresses himself4 ,this choice is made without regard to age or sex1 and the rest of the dogs take precedency according to their training or sagacity1 the least effective being put nearest the sledge4 ,the leader is1 usually1 from eighteen to twenty feet from the fore part of the sledge and the hindmost dog about half that distance1 so that1 when ten or twelve are running together several are nearly abreast of each other4 ,the driver sits quite low on the front part of the sledge1 with his feet overhanging the snow on one side1 and having in his hand a whip1 of which the handle is plaited a little way down to stiffen it1 and give it a spring1 on which much of its use depends1 and that which composes the lash is chewed by the women to make it flexible in frosty weather4 ,the men acquire1 from their youth1 considerable expertness in the use of this whip4 ,the lash is left to trail along the ground by the side of the sledge1 and with it they can inflict a very severe blow upon any one of the dogs at pleasure4 ,though the dogs are kept in training solely and entirely by the fear of the whip1 and1 indeed without it would soon have their own way1 its immediate effect is always detrimental to the draught of the sledge1 for not only does the individual that is struck draw back and slacken his pace1 but generally turns upon his next neighbour1 and this passing on to the next occasions a general divergency1 accompanied by the usual yelping and showing of teeth4 ,the dogs then come together again by degrees1 and the pace of the sledge is quickened2 but even at the best of times1 by this rude mode of draught1 7and be it remembered the only one1 in these inclement parts of the world17 the traces of one-third of the dogs form an angle of thirty or forty degrees on each side of the direction in which the sledge is advancing4 ,another great inconvenience attending the ,esquimaux method of putting dogs to1 besides that of not employing their strength to the best advantage1 is the constant entanglement of the traces by the dogs repeatedly doubling under from side to side to avoid the whip1 so that1 after running a few miles1 the traces always require to be taken off and cleared4 ,in directing the sledge1 the whip plays no very essential part1 the driver for this purpose using certain words1 as the carters do with us1 to make the dogs turn more to the right or left4 ,to these1 a good leader attends with admirable precision1 especially if his own name be repeated1 at the same time looking behind over his shoulder with great earnestness1 as if listening to the directions of the driver4 ,on a beaten track1 or where even a single foot1 or sledge mark is visible1 or occasionally discernible1 there is not the slightest trouble in guiding the dogs2 for even in the darkest night1 and in the heaviest snow drifts1 there is little or no danger of them losing their road1 the leader keeping his nose near the ground1 and directing the rest with wonderful sagacity4 ,where1 however1 there is no beaten track1 the best driver amongst them1 makes a terribly circuitous course1 as all the ,esquimaux roads plainly show2 these generally occupying an extent of six miles1 when with a horse and sledge the journey would scarcely have amounted to five6 ,on rough ground1 as on hummocks of ice1 the sledge would be frequently overturned1 or altogether stopped1 if the driver did not repeatedly get off and by lifting or drawing it on one side1 steer clear of those accidents4 ,at all times1 indeed1 except on a smooth and well made road1 he is pretty constantly employed1 thus1 with his feet1 which1 together with his never ceasing vociferations and frequent use of the whip1 renders the driving of one of these vehicles by no means an easy or a pleasant task4 ,when the driver wishes to stop the sledge1 he calls out ',wo1 woa1' exactly as our carters do1 but the attention paid to this command depends altogether on his ability to enforce it4 ,if the weight is small and the journey homeward1 the dogs are not to be thus delayed1 the driver is obliged therefore to dig his heels into the snow1 to obstruct their progress1 and having thus succeeded in stopping them1 he stands up with one leg before the foremost cross-piece of the sledge1 till by means of gently laying his whip over each dog's head1 he has made them all lie down4 ,even then1 he takes care not to quit his position2 so that1 should the dogs set off1 he is thrown upon the sledge instead of being left behind by them4 ,with heavy loads1 the dogs draw best with one of their own people1 especially a woman1 walking a little way ahead1 and in this case they are sometimes enticed to mend their pace by holding a mitten to the mouth and then making the motion of cutting it with a knife and throwing it on the snow1 when the dogs1 mistaking it for meat1 hasten forward to pick it up4 ,the women also entice them from the huts in a similar manner4 ,the rate at which they travel depends of course on the weight they have to draw and the roads on which the journey is performed4 ,when the latter is level and very hard and smooth constituting in other parts of ,north ,america what is called 'good sleighing1' six or seven dogs will draw from eight to ten hundredweight at the rate of seven or eight miles an hour1 for several hours together1 and will easily1 under these circumstances1 perform a journey of from fifty to sixty miles a day4 ,on untrodden snow1 five and twenty1 or thirty miles would be a good journey in a day4 ,the same number of well-fed dogs with five or six hundredweight behind them1 that of the sledge included1 are almost unmanageable1 and will1 on a smooth road1 run any way they please at the rate of ten miles an hour4 ,the work performed1 however1 by a greater number of dogs is1 by no means1 in proportion to this1 owing to the imperfect mode already described of utilising the strength of these sturdy creatures and to the more frequent snarling and fighting occasioned by the increase in numbers of the draught team or teams4 ,i have no doubt all owners of kennels have noticed the sudden antipathies taken by dogs sometimes to their own comrades and companions4 ,i remember several instances1 amongst my dogs2 one was between two remarkably quiet and unassuming ,bull ,bitches1 ,louisa and ,lucretia1 who lived together in a roomy kennel for a long time1 but one night there was such a great noise amongst all the dogs that ,i felt sure there must be something serious going on1 so ,i got up and dressed sufficiently to go down1 and found that although the barking and yelling was being done by the ,sheep ,dogs1 ,terriers1 etc41 the business lay entirely between the two ladies mentioned1 who were simply locked together1 and ,i had a nasty job to get and keep them apart1 as it really wants two persons to deal with two determined boxers1 but at last1 ,i got one outside1 and the other inside the loose box1 and then managed all right4 ,another case ,i had was the two well-known champions1 ,rob ,roy and ,laird1 two of the best ,dandies going at the time they were about4 ,neither of them had any idea what fear was1 but each hated the other with the most deadly hatred1 and even to hear the bark of the one1 would set the other screaming to get at him1 and yet they were both docile with people1 and mostly with other dogs1 but ,laird had a particular dislike to any dog1 running in front of a vehicle and barking at the horse1 and this aversion was the cause of his sudden death4 ,cedar ,lodge1 ,downend1 ,glo41 where ,i then lived1 was the corner of one of four roads1 with a large lawn on the two front sides of it1 and it was ,laird's delight to sit on the top of a low wall1 there1 and watch the passers by2 one morning1 early1 he was thus engaged1 when a crank axle cart came rumbling along1 accompanied by a good-sized dog1 barking in front of the horse2 this was too much for ,laird1 who sprang from the wall into the road and pinned the dog1 and before the man could pull up his horse1 the wheels of the cart had gone over the fighting dogs in the road with fatal effects on one of the combatants1 as ,laird1 without a whimper1 though he must have been seriously injured1 walked slowly into the house1 lay down in his own box1 and died then and there6 ,another case of sudden antipathy ,i remember was between two ,skye ,bitches of mine1 ,laura and ,lucy 7winners of some fifty prizes at all the best shows1 while they were about71 ,i bought1 on the dispersal of ,mrs4 ,jacobson's kennel1 after her lamented death4 ,she was a genuine fancier1 and sportswoman1 and all her dogs were sure to be workers1 and thoroughly game4 ,one of them was drop-eared1 and the other prick-eared1 and for a long time they were the best of friends1 and not only lived together in one kennel1 but used to go to shows often considerable distances1 such as ,edinburgh1 ,darlington1 and other places in a long low wicker basket1 which just suited them without any partition or division in it4 ,but one day they had some difference of opinion1 the cause of which ,i do not know1 but there were ructions1 and they never could be trusted together again without the certainty of war to the knife4 ,james ,hogg1 well known as the ,ettrick shepherd1 declares in his ,shepherd's ,calendar that dogs know what is said on subjects in which they are interested4 ,a farmer had a dog that for three or four years in the latter part of his life1 met him at the foot of his farm1 about a mile and a half from his house1 on his way home4 ,if he was away half a day1 a week1 or a fortnight1 it was all the same1 she met him at that spot1 there was never an instance known of her going to meet him1 on a wrong day1 and she could only know when he was coming back1 by hearing it mentioned in the family4 ,i have had many dogs who knew ,sunday perfectly well1 whether by hearing the church bells1 or other indications of the day1 ,i do not know1 but although wild to go if they saw me going out at any other time1 on that day1 they would take no notice nor make any attempt to follow me4 ,in the same way ,i have had many thin-coated dogs such as ,bull and ,english ,terriers1 ,smooth ,toys and ,pugs1 who would not go out willingly in wet weather1 but ,sheep ,dogs1 ,dalmatians1 ,deerhounds1 ,dandies1 ,scottish1 ,skyes and ,wirehaired ,fox ,terriers1 take no notice of it1 beyond occasionally shaking themselves1 to get rid of some of the water4 ,another of ,hogg's tales is as follows3 ,one of my ,sheep dogs1 named ,hector1 was very keen in picking up what was said before him4 ,one day ,hogg said to his mother1 ,i am going to ,bowerhope to-morrow for a fortnight1 but ,i will not take ,hector with me1 for he is constantly quarrelling with the rest of the dogs4 ,hector was present and must have overheard the conversation1 as next morning he was missing1 and when ,hogg reached ,bowerhope1 ,hector was sitting on a hillock1 waiting his arrival1 he had swum across a flooded river to reach the spot4 ,retrievers have the reputation1 either rightly or wrongly1 of being quarrelsome with other dogs1 and so are more often kept as guards or for sporting work1 than as companions or pets1 but the following are recorded of their sagacity4 ,the inmates of a house in ,high street in a well-known city were aroused by the loud barking of a dog on the premises4 ,he was a large ,black ,retriever1 ,jack1 much attached to his master and family4 ,the cause of alarm was soon seen to be a fire raging furiously next door1 the smoke from which had aroused the dog4 ,in a short time the house was emptied1 all the inmates escaping before it caught fire1 which appeared inevitable4 ,jack was often used to be left in charge of the house when the family were temporarily absent1 and although not tied up1 no persuasion or even coaxing would induce him to desert his post1 so much so that it was four hours after he had given the first alarm of fire1 that he allowed one of the family to persuade him to leave the building1 which was then almost gutted4 ,in a marvellous manner1 he had escaped injury from the fire1 or falling walls1 rafters1 etc41 but the shock to the system from the inhalation of smoke1 etc41 was so severe1 that it caused inflammation of the lungs1 and he died the next day1 after suffering with coughing1 etc41 really a martyr to what he looked upon as his duty1 and though occasionally taking a little water1 refusing all food4 ,,chapter ,,xx ,,anecdotes ,,about ,,dogs 7,continued7 ,another instance of sagacity occurred at ,bristol1 when a nursemaid wheeling a perambulator with a baby in it1 down ,spring ,hill1 which those of my readers who know the locality1 will remember1 is one of the steepest in that hilly part of the country1 was seized with a fit1 and loosened her hold4 ,in an instant the little vehicle1 with its living occupant1 was darting down towards a flight of steps in the hill and apparently to certain destruction4 ,just before its arrival at the steps1 the leathern apron of the perambulator was seized by a ,retriever dog1 who happened to witness the occurrence1 and saw the danger of it1 the vehicle was stopped and the child saved from an untimely death4 ,the natural love of fun and inclination for being taught almost anything of the ,irish ,water ,spaniel is well known1 so that ,i think the following account by ,mr4 ,lindhoe1 ,r4,e41 at one time a keen fancier and exhibitor1 of his ,rake and ,blaeney1 may be interesting to my readers4 ,he writes3 ,rake is a very clever dog and can be taught almost any trick4 ,he is very tender-mouthed and can dive and bring up an egg1 unbroken1 from a depth of twelve feet or more4 ,it is very amusing also to see him take sixpence out of a bucket of water1 as he sometimes has his head under nearly two minutes before picking it up4 ,i taught him a very clever trick which used to cause much amusement at the shows4 ,whenever he was disturbed by any one poking at him with a stick to make him rouse up and show himself1 he would rise gently1 put his fore paws on the shoulders of the disturber of his rest1 and before it was guessed what idea he had in view1 seize and take off the man's hat and deposit it in the pan of water1 or on the straw in his pen4 ,blaeney also is wonderfully clever1 and a splendid hand at sport on land or in water4 ,after a game of croquet is finished1 she invariably brings in the hoops1 mallets1 balls1 etc41 and places them in their proper box in the hall4 ,once when ,i was engaged in separating four large ,mastiffs who were fighting1 she came to my rescue1 and considering the best way of rendering assistance1 seized the most stubborn of the combatants by the tail and held on till the fight was stopped4 ,she would retrieve very long distances and often surprised people by seizing some stick or other article1 which had been put down on purpose for her to fetch1 and they had unknowingly picked up4 ,i have frequently known both these dogs jump into the water from a distance of nearly thirty feet4 ,i remember1 on a recent occasion1 when ,i had promised to judge at one of our largest ,london shows1 having the impression the show opened on the ,tuesday1 ,i went up on the ,monday1 and did not discover my mistake until ,i got to the hotel ,i usually patronised for any show in that part of the metropolis1 but as ,i have always any amount of places and people to see1 ,i own ,i did not trouble about the matter1 and had nearly forgotten it until at the show ,i met a gentleman also hailing from the same part of ,england and a well-known light in the ,beagle world1 who said3 ,i did an unusual thing this time1 came up a day too soon1 and ,i shall get a pretty 'roasting' over it4 ,i replied3 ,i also did the same for the first time1 in a long experience of ,dog shows1 but do not expect any 'roasting4' ,he said1 ,oh1 but my wife will know it1 if no one else does1 and she will never forget it4 ,i answered1 ,neither my wife1 nor any one else1 will know it1 from me1 as ,i don't believe 7any more than the late ,mr4 ,sam ,weller7 in telling matters against myself4 ,but as ,i see the gentleman referred to has followed the example of the late ,mr4 ,silas ,wegg 7in ,our ,mutual ,friend7 and dropped into poetry1 in the pages of a well known fancier's paper1 it may amuse some of our mutual friends if ,i quote the lines here3 ,,too ,,previous ,,punctuality4 ,two ,l's went up1 a ,lordly ,lane4 ,to visit ,cruft1 his ,show ,and scorning both the wind1 and rain1 ,were early1 on the go4 ,they both hail from the ,sunny ,west1 ,and1 both1 their locks1 are grey1 ,but spite of this1 may ,i be blessed1 ,they1 both1 mistook the day6 ,the one1 a ,judge1 of well-known fame1 ,but not1 a ,judge1 of days1 ,the other1 but1 a ,judge of ,game1 ,in all its gamey ways4 ,so eager were they for the fray1 ,to be in time1 for ,sport1 ,they both arrived1 upon the day1 ,the day1 before1 they ought6 ,many of the older exhibitors will remember the late ,mr4 ,i4 ,h4 ,murchison1 ,f4 ,r4 ,g4 ,s41 whose large and successful kennel of ,st4 ,bernards1 ,dandies1 and ,fox ,terriers1 was for so many years in the front rank at all the leading shows8 ,as ,i was much mixed up in the two last named varieties1 ,i used constantly to be in his company1 and that of his son1 also a keen and capable fancier4 ,i remember on one occasion meeting him at a show1 ,i forget where it was1 now1 ,i think in the ,london district1 but amongst the dogs he had there was a young and very promising ,fox ,terrier1 called ,cracknel1 with which he had carried all before him1 and he showed me a letter he had received from a gentleman then1 as now1 in the front rank of ,fox ,terrier breeders1 and exhibitors1 offering him #bgj for the dog1 and he said1 since receipt of the letter1 the writer had offered to make it even money 7#cjj71 at that time1 quite a fancy price for a specimen of that breed4 ,he said1 ,what would you advise me to do about it8 ,i said1 ,why take it1 without hesitation1 it is a tempting price1 the life of all dogs is uncertain1 and show dogs1 especially1 and it will do your kennel more good to have sold a dog from it1 at such a figure1 than anything you can gain1 in any other way4 ,however1 he refused the offer1 and ,cracknel not long afterwards rushed into a hayfield after a rabbit1 or rat1 and so cut himself with a scythe hidden in the long grass that he had to be sewn up and was long in the veterinary surgeon's care and was never in the front rank again6 ,i have known many such cases of good offers being refused to the prejudice of the dog's owners4 ,i remember a well-known lady exhibitor coming up to me at a show with a telegram she had just received from ,america1 offering her #aej for a prize winning pug she had1 and asking my advice4 ,i strongly advised her to take it1 as it was far more than the market value of the dog1 but1 in the end1 she sent back a refusal4 ,other dogs came forward1 and put her dog into the rear rank1 and she afterwards sold it for1 ,i think1 about #bj4 ,mr4 ,edwin ,nichols1 of whom ,i have spoken in relation to several large breeds1 was one of the first men to get large prices for his dogs1 as it must be quite twenty years or more since he received so he told me1 #ijj for two dogs1 one of them being the well known ,mastiff1 ,turk1 one of the grandest specimens of his day1 and the other a high class ,bloodhound4 ,and to show what a fine judge he was as to the strains to breed1 ,i remember an instance he gave me from his extensive experience4 ,he met a friend one day to whom he had sold a ,bloodhound bitch puppy1 who said1 ,mr4 ,nichols1 ,i wish you would take back that puppy ,i had from you1 it is always doing mischief in the garden1 etc41 and ,i wish to get rid of it4 ,mr4 ,nichols said1 ,i really don't want it1 ,i have a lot of dogs of all ages1 and ,i am more a seller than a buyer at present4 ,to make a long story short1 he eventually took back the young bitch for #aj1 afterward mating her to one of his best dogs1 and he told me that he sold that litter1 which produced two if not three champions1 for over one thousand pounds4 ,i say1 that a man who could do such a thing1 proved himself a consummate judge1 and ,i have not the slightest doubt of the truth of the story1 and1 when he named the dogs in the litter to me1 ,i knew what grand specimens of the breed they were4 ,,chapter ,,xxi ,,anecdotes ,,about ,,dogs 7,continued7 ,i have mentioned the ,warwick ,shows of days gone by1 and what charming re-unions they were4 ,i think the incident which follows must have been at the first of them1 for although ,i had known ,mr4 ,nichols by sight and name1 ,i did not think ,i was known to him4 ,i remember ,i had reached ,warwick in the afternoon1 engaged a bed at the ,globe ,hotel 7where they told me mine was a double bedded room1 and ,i stipulated that the other bed should not be occupied without my consent71 and went to the show1 and meeting with many friends there1 it was late when ,i got back4 ,i then found ,mr4 ,nichols waiting to see who ,i was1 as it seemed the other bed in my room was the only one unoccupied in the town4 ,i had not left my name1 and the hotel people's description did not enlighten him1 but he said1 ,whoever it is1 if he knows anything about dogs1 or doggy men1 he will know me6 and so it proved4 ,we had1 as always afterwards whenever we met1 a long talk on subjects congenial to us both1 and he secured the last bed of ,warwick6 ,amongst the many weaknesses to which ,i plead guilty1 is a devoted admiration of the works of the late ,charles ,dickens1 some of which came out in their green coloured numbers1 while ,i was a schoolboy1 and it was the delight of my brothers and self1 to sit and listen to them being read out to us by our dear mother1 who had a gift in that direction4 ,i hope my readers will pardon my giving here1 a very short doggy story1 from ,pickwick ,papers1 in the pithy1 disjointed sentences of ,mr4 ,alfred ,jingle1 as ,i wish to give something1 however slight1 about nearly every breed1 and the anecdotes about ,pointers are not very numerous4 ,ah6 you should keep dogs1 fine animals1 sagacious creatures4 ,dog of my own once1 ,pointer1 surprising instinct1 out shooting one day1 entering enclosure1 whistled1 dog stopped1 whistled again1 ,ponto6 no go2 stock still1 called him1 ',ponto1 ,ponto1' no go1 stock still1 wouldn't move1 dog transfixed1 staring at a board1 looked up1 saw an inscription1 ',gamekeeper has orders to shoot all dogs found in this enclosure1' wouldn't pass it1 wonderful dog1 valuable dog that1 very4 ',singular circumstance that1' said ,mr4 ,pickwick1 ',will you allow me to make a note of it8' ',certainly1 sir1 certainly1 hundred more anecdotes of the same animal4' ,at the risk of its being considered a chestnut1 ,i will here recount the story of the dogs of ,oldacre1 so well told by the late ,william ,howitt1 in his ,boys' ,country ,book 7one of the prime favourites of my boyhood74 ,this story brings to my recollection1 those two noble dogs at ,oldacre1 two grand ,setters that ,squire ,mills used always to have at his heels1 whether it was shooting season or not1 just one the picture of the other1 as like as pin to pin or pear to pear6 ,well1 ,squire ,mills had an estate in ,oxfordshire1 a hundred miles off at least2 and there he used to go twice a year to receive his rents1 and he never went1 while he had those dogs1 without taking one of them with him4 ,when the dog was tired he let him go up into his chaise and ride1 and when he was tired of riding1 the dog leaped out and jogged along again till he was tired again4 ,squire ,mills always stopped at the ,mitre ,inn at ,oxford1 and it so happened1 on one occasion1 that as his ,setter followed him up the stable yard1 a great mastiff1 which was chained to a kennel1 suddenly rushed out1 seized on the ,setter1 and before he could be beaten off1 had very severely worried him4 ,squire ,mills was very angry1 and the innkeeper made many apologies1 but that did not cure the dog's wounds1 and the ,squire1 who said he would rather have given five pounds than the dog had been so used1 set off homeward in no very good humour4 ,the dog1 which seemed very much hurt1 lay whining and appearing very uneasy1 in the bottom of the chaise1 all the way home1 and when they got there the keeper was ordered to pay every attention to him1 and do all that he could for him4 ,but the dog lay in his kennel for more than a week1 and seemed in a very poor way1 indeed4 ,he would not eat1 and the keeper was very doubtful what would be the upshot of it1 when1 one morning he was very much surprised to find1 both he and his fellow dog missing4 ,all inquiries were made1 but nothing could be heard of them and it was concluded they were stolen4 ,the squire immediately offered five and twenty guineas for the discovery of the thief2 but no thief was heard of1 or the dogs either1 till a week afterwards1 when they again entered the yard1 but two such poor jaded1 worn-down creatures as never were seen4 ,they were1 apparently1 starved to the very point of death1 covered with dust1 and in fact1 in such a condition that notwithstanding all that could be done1 they both died in the course of a few days4 ,on examining them after death1 they appeared to have been shot at1 various shot-corns being found in their skins4 ,nothing1 however1 came to light about it2 and on the next rent day the ,squire made his journey into ,oxfordshire without either of his favourite dogs4 ,as he passed the kennel of the ,mastiff in the ,inn ,yard1 at ,oxford1 he could not help looking1 with resentment1 towards it1 when to his surprise1 instead of the ,mastiff1 which had been there many years1 he saw quite another dog4 ,and so you have parted with that savage brute of a ,mastiff that worried my setter the last time ,i was here1 he said to the ,ostler4 ,ay1 replied the ,ostler1 there's a curious thing about that1 sir1 the dog was worried1 dead on the spot1 at the door of his own kennel1 and if ,i am not mistaken1 your setter helped to do it too4 ,my setter1 said the ,squire1 what do you mean8 ,i mean1 sir1 said the man1 that about a week or so after you was here last1 when your dog got so towsled by old ,sampson1 the ,mastiff1 we heard all of a sudden a terrible noise of dogs fighting in the yard1 and on running out1 saw two great dogs fiercely at work with old ,sampson4 ,they had got him down1 and seemed tearing him into very atoms4 ,our master made no more to do1 but in he ran1 snatched down the gun1 and fired at the dogs1 but it was too late1 they were just going over the yard wall together1 and ,i dare say1 got off without the peppering master meant for them4 ,but there1 however1 was old ,sampson1 as dead as the stones he lay upon6 ,and you thought1 said the ,squire1 that one of the dogs resembled my setter8 ,nay1 said the ,ostler1 both of them4 ,one was the very picture of the other1 and if they were not your setters1 they were no dogs at all6 ,it is very wonderful1 said the ,squire1 but ,i have not a doubt but that you are quite right in your belief1 and this accounts for what1 till this moment1 has very much puzzled me4 ,my dog was so resentful of the injury and insult that he received from your ,mastiff1 that he without doubt communicated his grievances to his brother dog1 and prevailed on him to set out on a pilgrimage of revenge4 ,the dogs disappeared for a week or more together1 they came back wounded1 and in that miserable plight1 that they never recovered it4 ,the dogs1 let me tell you1 are both dead1 and ,i would not have taken a hundred pounds for them4 ,the ,ostler and all the people about the inn were wonderfully surprised at the story1 and a wonderful circumstance it was1 to be sure4 ,my grandfather1 who told the story1 added1 ,it is just as true as you sit there1 ,i had it word for word1 nay1 ,i have had it1 word for word1 twenty times1 from ,squire ,mills himself4 ,of course in a long career of dog showing and judging ,i have come into contact with all classes of exhibitors1 and ,i am bound to say1 as a general rule1 have met with the greatest courtesy and had many a kind turn done me at different times1 nor was ,i ever1 but once1 the subject of any of the practical jokes which used to be1 more than they are now1 so very frequent1 and sometimes very rough1 and unpleasant in their nature4 ,the one exception was when ,i was stopping at ,sydenham1 on the occasion of a ,crystal ,palace show1 and when ,i rose in the morning to go up and see my dogs before breakfast1 my boots could nowhere be found1 but as ,i knew there was a very lively team stopping at the same hotel1 ,i felt certain it was their doing1 and resolved to checkmate them by going to see the dogs all the same and saying nothing about it1 so as ,i always carried in my bag a pair of ,indian leather moccasins1 ,i put them on1 and went over to the ,palace1 where ,i presently met one of the squad ,i suspected of lifting my boots1 he said1 ,what funny shoes you have on1 ,mr4 ,lane4 ,i said1 ,yes1 they are a little out of the common1 but1 the fact is1 some of the jokers at my hotel1 have taken a fancy to my boots and probably supposed ,i should be kept a prisoner in the hotel all day1 and so ,i put on these1 he said1 ,you don't mean to say1 your boots were taken4 ,they've taken the wrong man's2 no one had the slightest idea of playing any prank on you1 and when ,i returned1 ,i found my boots in my room4 ,i came across1 in an old ,french work1 the following curious1 if true1 method of fishing1 in which the services of a ,poodle1 or ,terrier were called into action4 ,the enthusiastic sportsman who fears neither storms nor sunstroke 7coup de soleil7 makes his appearance at the ,riverside without either fishing rod1 lines1 worms1 flies or bait1 of any description1 but having under his left arm a double-barrelled gun1 in his right hand1 a large cabbage and following at his heels a clever ,poodle or ,terrier dog4 ,the fisherman1 or huntsman1 ,i scarcely know which to call him1 now duly reconnoitres the river1 fixes upon some tree1 the large and lower branches of which hang out over the water1 ascends with his gun and cabbage1 and having taken up his position upon one of the large projecting branches1 closely examines the surface of the stream beneath him4 ,he has1 usually1 not been long on his perch1 before he perceives a stately pike1 or other member of the finny tribe1 paddling up the river1 he instantly breaks a leaf off the cabbage1 and when the fish has approached sufficiently near1 throws it into the water1 the frightened fish immediately disappears1 but shortly after rises1 and grateful to the kind and unknown friend who has provided this admirable parasol1 swims towards it1 and after pushing it about for a while with his nose1 finally places himself comfortably under its protecting and congenial shade4 ,the sportsman in the tree1 watching the animated movements of the cabbage leaf1 immediately fires1 when the dog1 whose sagacity is quite equal to that of his master1 plunges into the water1 and if the fish is either dead or severely wounded1 seldom fails to bring the scaly morsel to land2 thus as long as the heavens are bright and blue1 the water keeps warm on the surface and the larger fish prefer to swim in the sun1 the sport continues so long as the climbing and staying powers of the sportsman hold out4 ,sometimes the dog and fish have a very sharp struggle1 and then the fun is great indeed unless1 by chance1 the sportsman should unfortunately miss his footing in the tree1 in the midst of his amusement and drop head foremost into the water with his double-barrelled gun and what is left of his cabbage4 ,i think it may be interesting here to quote the eulogistic terms in which ,mr4 ,burchell1 the well-known ,african traveller1 wrote of his dogs1 as he had a considerable experience of the breed in the course of his long and perilous journeys in that 7at the time he was there7 almost unknown country4 ,our pack of dogs1 says he1 consisted of five and twenty1 of various sorts and sizes4 ,this great variety1 though not altogether intentional1 as ,i was obliged to take any that could be procured and were at all likely to answer my purposes1 was often of the greater service to me1 as ,i observed1 some gave notice of danger1 or their suspicions of it1 in one way1 and others in quite a different manner4 ,some were more disposed to keep watch against men1 others against wild beasts of prey1 and others for animals and birds of sport2 some discovered an enemy by their quickness of hearing1 others by that of scent2 some were useful for speed in pursuing game1 some for their vigilance and barking1 and others for their courage in holding ferocious animals at bay4 ,so large a pack indeed was not maintained without adding greatly to our care and trouble1 in supplying them with meat and water1 for it was sometimes difficult to procure for them enough of the latter2 but1 their services were invaluable1 often contributing to our safety1 and always to our ease1 by their constant vigilance1 as we felt confident that no danger could approach us at night without its being announced by their barking4 ,no circumstances could render the value and fidelity of these animals so conspicuous and sensible as a journey through regions which abounding in wild beasts of almost every class1 gave us continual opportunities of witnessing the strong contrast between the ferocious beasts of prey1 many of which fly at the approach of man and these kind1 but not always duly appreciated1 companions of the human race4 ,many times when we have been travelling over plains where the wild creatures of all kinds have fled directly we appeared in sight1 have ,i turned my eyes towards my dogs1 in admiration of their devotion and attachment and have felt a grateful affection towards them for preferring our society to the wild liberty of other quadrupeds4 ,often in the middle of the night when all my people have been fast asleep round the fire1 have ,i stood to contemplate these faithful animals lying by their side1 and have learned to esteem them for their social inclination to mankind4 ,when wandering over pathless deserts1 oppressed with vexation and distress at the conduct of my own men ,i have turned to them1 as my only friends and felt how much inferior to them was man when actuated only by selfish views4 ,the familiarity which exists between these animals and our own race1 is so common to almost every country of the globe1 that any remark upon it must seem superfluous1 but ,i cannot avoid believing that it is the universality of the fact which prevents the greater part of mankind from duly reflecting on the subject4 ,while almost every other quadruped fears man as its most formidable enemy1 here is one which regards him as a friend4 ,we must not mistake the nature of the case1 it is not because we train him to our use and have made choice of him in preference to other animals1 but because this particular species feels a natural desire to be useful to man and from spontaneous impulse attaches itself to him4 ,were it not so we should see in various countries an equal familiarity with various other quadrupeds according to the habits1 tastes1 or caprices of different nations4 ,but1 everywhere1 it is the dog only takes delight in associating with us1 in sharing our abodes1 and is even jealous that our attention should be bestowed on him alone1 it is he who knows us personally1 watches for us1 and warns us of danger4 ,it is impossible for the naturalist1 when taking a survey of the whole animal creation not to feel a conviction that this friendship between two creatures so different from each other1 must be the result of the laws of nature2 nor can the humane and feeling mind avoid the belief that kindness to those animals1 from which he derives continued and essential assistance is part of his moral duty4 ,these words of such an experienced naturalist as ,mr4 ,burchell1 are as true to-day as when they were written by him more than fifty years ago1 but ,i am bound to say ,i think dogs are more valuable1 and more thought of now1 than ever they were since the world began4 ,mr4 ,bell tells a short story of the intelligence displayed by a ,bloodhound belonging to a friend of his1 a ,mr4 ,boyle4 ,he says1 ,to make trial whether a young hound was well instructed1 ,mr4 ,boyle desired one of his servants to walk to a town four miles off1 and then to a market town three miles from thence4 ,the dog1 without seeing the man he was to pursue1 followed him by the scent to the above mentioned places1 notwithstanding the multitude of market people that went along the same road and of travellers that had occasion to come1 and when the ,bloodhound came to the market town he passed through the streets1 without taking notice of any of the people there1 and ceased not till he had gone to the house1 where the man he sought rested himself and where he found him in an upper room to the wonder of those who had accompanied him in this pursuit4 ,in the face of the ,bloodhound trials last year1 and again this spring1 in which my friend ,mr4 ,brough has been so much interested1 ,i thought some of my readers might like to see this short account of the doings of a young hound1 more than half a century ago4 ,to illustrate the occasional trials of exhibitors1 ,i recollect starting off early with a team of dogs for one of the first general shows held at ,oxford1 ,i think all my dogs were in boxes or baskets but one1 a tricolour ,collie1 whose name ,i forget1 and he was on the chain1 and put by the railway people into one of those vile receptacles they call dog boxes1 narrow1 dark1 low and often dirty4 ,on arrival at ,didcot 7which ,i had before connected in my mind with ,banbury cakes1 and was quite surprised to find a one-eyed sort of straggling village of contemptible size17 a porter opened one end of the dog den and called the ,collie1 he1 however1 showed no intention of responding to the call1 and retreated to the other end of the den and growled at the porter1 and one of the other porters went around to the further side of the coach and opened the other door of the den1 and the dog1 taking advantage of this chance of freedom1 bolted out1 crossed the line1 went through a hedge and found himself at once in the open country4 ,i had taken no part in the affair1 and declined all responsibility1 but told the officials ,i should sue the company for the value of the dog1 lost through their carelessness4 ,they begged me to accompany some of their men in search of the dog1 as he might be easier caught if he saw someone he knew amongst those after him4 ,soon after it began to rain1 and from soon after eleven a4 m4 till after six p4 m4 we tramped the country in search of the wandering dog1 whom we afterwards saw in the distance1 but in that district the fields are very large1 and often as we laboriously got into a field through a hedge or over hurdles1 etc41 we had the mortification of seeing the dog disappear through or over the hedge on the opposite side1 and very wearisome work it was4 ,at length ,i decided to go on to ,oxford1 with the rest of my dogs1 and left the matter of the lost dog with the railway company1 who1 ,i was informed1 offered a reward for his recovery1 and about a month afterwards ,i had a letter asking me to call at one of their stations where they thought a dog lately found answered the description of mine4 ,this turned out to be correct and ,i took home the dog1 making a small claim for expenses ,i had been put to in the matter4 ,the dog was not in bad condition1 and still wore the collar and chain on him when lost1 but it is strange how that dog managed to live for a month in such a sparsely inhabited district as that round about ,didcot1 at any rate at that time1 which is about fifteen years ago4 ,,chapter ,,xxii ,,anecdotes ,,about ,,dogs 7,continued7 ,i have been asked to reproduce a humourous skit1 which appeared in ,the ,daily ,mail #ith of ,july1 #ahig1 from the pen of a well-known contributor to that paper4 ,it was headed ,a ,ladies' ,dog ,show1 and ran as follows3 ,seven gentle ladies were yesterday to be observed walking gravely in a circle in ,regents ,park4 ,they each led a ,black ,pug by a chain4 ,they walked round and round a ruddy old gentleman with keen blue eyes1 a shepherd's smock1 and a slouched straw hat4 ,three partridge feathers stuck out jauntily from the side of the hat4 ,the ladies cast appealing looks at the shepherd1 who stared hard at the insignificant little wretches of dogs1 one of whom barked all the while1 but he did not heed it4 ,the march became quicker2 the ladies looked more appealing than ever4 ,a crowd gathered around and observed the strange proceedings with wonder4 ,what was it8 they asked4 ,a new system of ,pantheistic worship8 or a side show from a menagerie8 ,the shepherd put up his hand and the ladies stopped1 dead4 ,he threw down his glittering pencil to attract the notice of one of the glossy little ,pugs4 ,the ,pug snapped4 ,he caught it by the head1 and stared hard in its ridiculous little face4 ,the dog chastened by the keen blue eyes1 ceased to yelp4 ,the proud proprietor at the other end of the chain1 looked as anxious as a criminal in the dock4 ,the other ladies made the most of this moment of respite4 ,they patted their dogs and kissed them1 and told them to be good little duckies of doggies1 and mamma would be so pleased6 ,one tempted her charge with a biscuit1 another with half a crown4 ,the coin was held up above the dog's nose4 ,doggie jumped1 and scrambled and yelped just like any of its human acquaintances4 ,the shepherd looked at each dog in turn1 and wrote something in a book1 and then seven ladies and seven dogs left the ring4 ,one lady looked pleased1 another fairly satisfied and the rest as if somebody had blundered4 ,the ,pugs were all indifferent4 ,but the secret was out1 there were no mysterious rites of an ,esoteric creed4 ,it was a dog show1 that of the ',ladies' ,kennel ,association4' ,they have survived their internecine troubles1 and have more members than they had before that dramatic split at the ,holborn restaurant and boast of more entries at this show than ever they had before4 ,between seven hundred and eight hundred dogs are staged4 ,at a ,ladies' ,show it is to be expected that some of the conventionalities will be overthrown4 ,there are1 for instance1 no men prowling about1 with cloth caps1 buckskin leggings1 and wisps of straw1 telling you that their ,terrier killed fifty rats in thirty seconds or that 'the ,brindled ,bull was own sister to the best dawg that was ever bred4' ,the exhibitors are ladies1 elegantly dressed1 who sit and listen to the band with their ,pugs and ,spaniels1 on their knees4 ,it is the same with the dogs1 there are no sporting dogs1 to speak of1 though the number is increasing year by year and not half a score of ,bull ,dogs4 ,such as there are1 a little aristocracy of bone and jowl lie at rest in a distant corner of the tent not deigning to notice the ,poodles around4 ,near them are a few ,airedale ,terriers4 ,one of them1 which would be in its element in a rattling street fight1 stretched to the top of its pen1 looked over at the 'curled darlings' on the other side1 deliberately yawned and turned over again to sleep4 ,there is a whole tent full of ,toy ,spaniels and other exquisites in upholstered pens4 ,they have ribbons round their necks1 and bells and go about two to the pound4 ,the ,poodles are curled and shaven and shorn1 and decked out with top-knots of coloured ribbons4 ,one which lay asleep was described as a ',rag and a ,bone1 and a ,hank of ,worsted1' ,two ,poodle puppies1 not yet shorn1 looked refreshingly unkempt by the side of these ultra-respectable ,uncles and ,aunts4 ,a litter of ,dachshunds resembled lion cubs asleep4 ,the foreign class which is both strong and varied1 provided an amusing contrast4 ,in one pen was a huge shaggy ',balu1' in the next a shivering little ',mousie ,chihuahua1' whatever that may be6 ',balu' could have taken ',mousie' among his hors d'oeuvres before dinner4 ,chows with big heads and wee twinkling eyes4 ,borzois trying to twist their legs into geometrical figures2 an ,esquimo asleep2 a vicious ,dingo in a cage4 ,st4 ,bernards which made the tent quiver1 when they barked and ,bloodhounds sleeping serenely1 there being no murderers about1 these were the ,giants of the show4 ,if not as numerous1 certainly they were a more weighty section than the ,toy ,spaniels4 ,the ,princess of ,wales was among the exhibitors4 ,if anyone wants to see a good collection of ',japs' and ',poms' and ',skyes' and ',dachs' and ',charlies1' so the ladies tenderly call them1 at ,regents ,park1 he will find them4 ,the following related by the late ,hon4 ,grantley ,berkeley1 strongly illustrative of the sagacity and thinking powers of dogs1 may be interesting to some of my readers3 ,i had a dog called ',wolf1' at ,teffont ,mane ,house1 in ,wiltshire1 and when ,i fed my tame pheasants and partridges ,i always took him with me4 ,this dog had seen my caution when ,i approached the birds and always obeyed my signal to lie down by the gun till ,i had done feeding them4 ,when the game began to get to an age to stray1 a considerable number used to come upon the lawn in front of the windows4 ,one afternoon the lawn being1 to all appearances1 clear of birds1 ,i sent ,wolf to hunt a rabbit out of a circular flower bed1 for me to shoot4 ,the dog obeyed the sign1 but no sooner had he entered the laurels1 than he made a sort of snap with his jaws1 a thing he always did when he was not pleased1 and returned to my heels with rather a sheepish look4 ,the sign to hunt having been repeated the same thing occurred and on his returning to me with a peculiar expression in his face1 ,i went to the laurels to ascertain what hindered his obedience4 ,to my great pleasure ,i found about a dozen young pheasants1 into whose presence he was fearful of intruding1 so ,i lay down on the lawn close to the pheasants1 and letting him see how pleased ,i was1 caressed him for full five minutes1 and then when ,i retired1 did so in a most marked and stealthy manner1 which he1 close at my heels1 immediately adopted4 ,now suppose some thoughtless or inconsiderate master with such a dog as this had upon his refusal to hunt1 beaten or kicked him for disobedience1 which would really have deserved the punishment1 the sensible dog1 or the silly man8 ,on taking up my residence at ,beacon ,lodge1 and1 for years after1 ,wolf was still in or out of the house1 my constant companion and closely observant of all ,i did or desired4 ,when first the wild white rabbits began to appear at ,beacon1 ,i never shot them1 but very frequently killed the brown ones by their side4 ,in hunting any outlying place1 if by chance there was a white rabbit1 ,i used to stop ,wolf from hunting it up to my gun1 and by observation the dog convinced himself that a rabbit so coloured was on no account to be molested4 ,when the whites had become more common1 one evening ,i went out to kill some rabbits for the table1 or to give away1 and seeing a very fine young white one1 ,i shot it4 ,the rabbit lay dead on the contrary side of a fence1 and ,wolf had not seen it killed1 but at a sign from me1 flew over to pick up whatever might be there4 ,the rabbit lay kicking with its hinder legs1 and ,wolf seeing the motion in the grass1 dashed up1 but instantly made the snap with his jaws1 dropped his stern and came back with a sheepish look1 as if to tell me ,i had done wrong4 ,i praised and made much of him1 and taking him with me up to the rabbit encouraged him to pick it up and to give it to me1 and ever after he would pick up any coloured rabbit that might be killed4 ,wolf's dinner hour was at my dessert time1 the last thing the retiring servants had to do was to place his plate upon the hearthrug4 ,occasionally they neglected to do this1 and then he had seen me ring the bell1 to rectify the omission4 ,for some years before his death1 when his dinner was due1 and had not been brought in1 after looking at me with a wistful expression of countenance1 he would go up and kiss the bell handle1 and then come to me1 look up in my face1 and push my arm with his nose4 ,of course1 up came his dinner1 with a ring from the bell1 denoting double quick time4 ,more than forty years since1 there was a ,london street dog which took a great fancy to following the fire engines4 ,whenever there was a fire there would the dog be seen running in and out among the throng apparently making himself as busy as possible4 ,this strange conduct of the animal1 of course1 attracted the attention of the firemen1 and after a time they used to feed and take notice of him1 occasionally giving him a ride on the engine4 ,at last1 so well was the dog known that he came to be called the ,fireman's ,dog4 ,he owned no master1 but stopped a day or two with any of the firemen he took a fancy to4 ,he was always on the alert1 directly the fire alarm was given1 and used frequently to run by the side of the horses for miles together4 ,at last the dog on one of the journeys1 was run over and killed1 when the firemen had his body stuffed and set up in a glass case in the principal office of the ,metropolitan fire brigade1 ,watling street1 ,london4 ,there it remained for some years1 and numbers of people called to see him in his glass case4 ,in #ahec the ,superintendent of the ,fire ,station1 ,chandos street1 ,covent ,garden1 was for some neglect of duty degraded to the rank of an ordinary fireman4 ,this disgrace so preyed on the poor fellow's mind1 that one winter's night he threw himself over ,waterloo ,bridge and was drowned4 ,he left a widow and children totally unprovided for1 and in order to procure a sum for their relief1 the glass case containing the stuffed figure of the ,fireman's ,dog was disposed of by way of lottery4 ,a raffle took place at a tavern in ,chandos street1 when upwards of a hundred pounds was realised4 ,the dog was won by the tavern-keeper1 and in his parlour it may still be seen4 ,thus you see that long after death the dog has been found useful to his masters in time of need4 ,the following account of a dog1 for many years known as ,the ,brighton ,coach ,dog1 is cut from an old newspaper of the time4 ,for a long period a dog invariably accompanied the only coach which in #ahea ran between ,london and ,brighton4 ,on the #bdth ,june1 in that year1 he was placed on the back of the coach to prevent his barking at the horses1 when he jumped off at ,henfield and fell between the wheels1 one of which1 passing over his back1 killed him4 ,the animal belonged to an ostler at the ,newcastle ,place stables1 ,edgeware ,road1 ,london2 he went to the yard when a puppy and the man took care of him4 ,being brought up amongst horses1 he was never happy unless with them at home1 or travelling about4 ,his chief delight was to travel up and down with the ,brighton coach4 ,he had been known to travel1 during the last spring of his life1 for eight successive days to and from ,brighton1 ,sundays intervening4 ,the distance from ,london to ,brighton by way of ,leatherhead1 ,dorking1 ,horsham and ,henfield1 the road which the stage coach traversed is seventy-four miles4 ,it was with great difficulty he could be kept on the coach1 always preferring to run by the side of it and it was his being placed on the top of the coach1 from feelings of humanity on the part of ,clarke1 the coachman1 which cost him his life4 ,on one occasion the guard placed him inside the coach1 when there were no passengers1 but in a few minutes he was surprised to see him running beside the coach1 having jumped clean through the glass window4 ,during the early part of the summer he went with a strange coach to ,tunbridge ,wells1 not liking his berth he did not return to ,london by the same conveyance1 but found his way across the country from ,tunbridge ,wells to ,brighton and went up to ,london with his favourite team4 ,he was well known by many on the road from ,london to ,brighton1 and in some places on the journey met with hospitable treatment4 ,at the time of his death he was about five years old4 ,clarke informed us that he would kill a goose on his travels by the roadside1 throw it over his back like a fox1 and run for miles1 and he offered to lay a wager that the dog would accompany the coach between ,brighton and ,london daily for a month1 ,sundays excepted1 and kill a goose by the roadside each day of his travels1 provided birds were put within his reach4 ,his skin was preserved1 and has been stuffed4 ,the ',brighton ,coach ,dog' may be seen in the attitude of life in the bar parlour of a tavern in the ,edgeware ,road4 ,i do not think ,i mentioned1 when speaking of my kennels1 and dogs1 that for many years1 an old ,great ,western ,railway coach formed part of them1 it was composed of a first-class1 second-class1 third-class compartments1 and a luggage van1 as a general rule1 we had a pair of dogs1 male and female1 in each division1 and used the luggage van for biscuits4 ,as some of my readers may like to try the same experiment1 ,i may say that there is no difficulty in the way1 there are usually railway coaches of different sizes 7,i believe1 you can also purchase horse boxes and trucks1 which often serve the purpose of cow and poultry and cart and trap sheds7 for sale at ,swindon1 where ,i bought mine for five pounds4 ,of course1 it was merely the body1 without any of the iron under part1 but with the windows1 doors1 seats1 ventilators1 etc41 no cushions or upholstery of any kind1 but the only expense ,i had to incur was to get the village smith to fix some small iron bars on the outside of each window frame1 to enable us to open the windows to give plenty of air1 without the fear of the inmates getting out4 ,the company delivered free to their nearest station1 which in my case was within two miles from my place1 and ,i there had a trolly and pair of horses1 and the coach run on to it and lashed firmly to the trolly and it was brought without much difficulty as the weight was only about thirty-five hundredweight1 although it looked a heavy affair4 ,there was more time and trouble in fixing it in its place in my yard1 than in the journey there4 ,and some years afterwards when ,i changed my residence1 ,i got the village smith to fix an axle and a couple of low strong wheels at each end of the coach1 and one of the neighbouring farmers easily took it along the road to my new dwelling place1 with a couple of his cart horses1 to the great amusement and delight of the rural population1 who insisted that each of the divisions was filled with some of my dogs1 which were well known in the district as being frequent prize winners4 ,the following is related on the authority of an old newspaper called the ,boston ,traveller1 published in the ,united ,states of ,america3 ,a gentleman stopping at an hotel in ,boston1 privately hid his pocket handkerchief behind the sofa cushion in the coffee room and left the hotel accompanied by his dog1 after walking for some distance1 he suddenly stopped and said to his dog1 ,i have left my handkerchief at the hotel1 go back and fetch it for me1 giving no particular directions about it4 ,the dog immediately returned at full speed1 and entered the room his master had just left4 ,he went directly to the sofa1 but the handkerchief was gone4 ,he jumped upon tables and counters1 but it was nowhere to be seen4 ,it turned out that a friend of his master's had discovered it and supposing it had been left by mistake1 had taken care of it for the owner4 ,but ,tiger was not to be foiled4 ,he flew about the room1 apparently much excited1 in quest of the lost or stolen4 ,soon1 however1 he was upon the track1 he scented it to the gentleman's coat pocket4 ,what was to be done8 ,the dog had no means of asking for it1 by word of mouth1 and was not accustomed to picking pockets1 and besides the gentleman was ignorant of his business with him4 ,but ,tiger's sagacity did not suffer him to remain long in suspense4 ,he seized the skirt containing the prize and furiously tearing it from the coat1 hastily made off with it1 much to the surprise of the owner4 ,tiger then overtook his master1 and restored the lost property4 ,both the owner of the dog and the gentleman who had lost the tail of his coat1 applauded the dog for his sagacity4 ,in the southeast window of ,st4 ,mary's church1 ,lambeth1 there is the full length figure of a pedlar with his pack1 his staff and dog4 ,this is the portrait of the unknown man who gave ,pedlar's ,acre to the parish of ,lambeth4 ,the story is worth telling4 ,in the year #aejd1 a poor pedlar passing over a piece of waste ground near the river sat down to rest on the trunk of a tree4 ,while seated here1 he noticed that his dog acted very strangely1 busying himself with scratching the earth with his feet and barking1 and smelling about1 every now and then running up to his master and looking him earnestly in the face and trying to drag him from his seat4 ,the pedlar did not at first pay much attention to the dog1 but its repeated barking and running to and fro compelled him1 at last1 to see what the animal wanted4 ,going to where the dog had been scratching he was surprised to find something shining below4 ,digging on the spot he discovered a large sum of money with part of which he purchased the land originally known as ,pedlar's ,acre1 but now called the ,belvidere ,road1 in ,lambeth4 ,maitland1 the historian of ,london1 7#agci edition1 page #gia7 tells the story as ,i have given it with the addition that the pedlar left the piece of land to the parish on condition that his portrait and that of his dog should be perpetually preserved in painted glass in one of the windows of the church4 ,i cannot say whether this be true or not1 but such is the legend1 and there is the painted window with the portrait of the man and dog1 as evidence still remaining4 ,the following story about a ,mastiff appeared in the ,glasgow ,chronicle3 ,early one ,sunday morning some thieves attempted to enter the premises of ,messrs4 ,mc,leod and ,pollock1 ,argyle street1 ,glasgow1 jewellers1 by breaking through the sky-light4 ,the building was one story high and it was comparatively easy to get on to the roof4 ,about two o'clock a4 m4 ,mr4 ,mc,leod1 who resided in the back of the premises1 was awakened by the action of his watch dog4 ,the animal did not bark1 but jumped upon the bed and continued scratching with his forepaws until his master rose up4 ,the dog then uttered a low growl and looked towards the roof1 as if anxious to draw his master's attention to that particular quarter4 ,immediately afterwards a small piece of glass fell on the floor1 and on ,mr4 ,mc,leod looking up he could see a man furtively moving on the roof2 the police were informed and effected an arrest of the intruding burglar1 through the warning given by the dog and before he had time to conceal himself or make good his retreat4 ,,chapter ,,xxiii ,,anecdotes ,,about ,,dogs 7,continued7 ,in ,mr4 ,st4 ,john's ,highland ,sports1 there is the following characteristic anecdote of a shepherd's dog3 ,a shepherd1 a neighbour of mine1 to prove the quickness of his dog1 who was lying before the fire in the farmhouse kitchen where we were talking1 one day1 said to me in the middle of a conversation about quite a different matter1 ',i'm thinking1 sir1 the cow's got into the potatoes1' though he purposely laid no stress on these words1 and said them in a quiet1 unconcerned tone of voice1 the dog1 who appeared to be asleep1 immediately jumped up1 leaped through the open window and scrambled up the turf roof of the house1 from which he could see the potato field4 ,not seeing her there1 he then ran into the farm yard1 and finding her there1 all right1 came back to the house4 ,after a time the shepherd said the same words again1 and the dog repeated his look out1 but on the false alarm being given a third time1 the dog got up and wagging his tail1 looked his master full in the face with such a comical expression of inquiry1 that we could not refrain from laughing heartily1 on which with a slight growl he laid himself down again to sleep in his accustomed place on the hearth rug1 with an offended air1 as if determined not to be made a fool of again4 ,most people who know anything about dogs1 or doggy people1 know ,mr4 ,george ,raper1 one of the most popular and capable all-round judges we have1 but they do not all know what a very lively and active man he is4 ,in my long experience as an exhibitor1 ,i have often found myself in his company in different parts of the country1 and usually he has had some good story to tell1 or amusing thing to do4 ,i remember1 on one occasion1 when we and a number more were staying at an hotel in ,south ,wales1 ,i forget now whether it was ,haverfordwest1 ,pembroke or ,tenby1 but ,i think it was one of those three1 how he astonished an old gentleman 7not the least doggy or sporting in his appearance71 by his agility4 ,we were talking in the bar parlour of the hotel about vaulting1 and in the room there was the ordinary high and wide pewter covered counter1 or bar4 ,i said1 ,i suppose you would not attempt to negotiate such an article as that8 ,mr4 ,raper said1 ,i should have a good try at it1 and without saying more1 he stepped back1 placed his hand on the centre of the counter1 vaulted over1 and then vaulted back again2 the old gentleman1 who was sitting down quietly having some refreshment1 jumped up and said1 ,bless my heart and soul1 sir1 ,i never saw such a thing done in my life6 which made us all laugh heartily4 ,captain ,brown1 in his ,popular ,natural ,history1 tells the following story of those formerly much to be pitied animals1 the dogs utilized as ,turnspits4 ,the ,duke de ,leancourt had for the work in his kitchen two ,turnspits1 which took their turns1 regularly1 every other day in the wheel 7something after the style of the revolving cages for squirrels and mice74 ,one of them not liking his employment1 hid himself on the day it was his turn to work1 when they tried to force his companion to mount the wheel in his stead1 he cried1 and wagging his tail1 intimated to those in authority to follow him4 ,he at once conducted them to an upstairs lumber room1 where he dislodged the idle dog1 and gave him a good thrashing on the spot4 ,in ,mr4 ,baker's ,rifle and ,hound in ,ceylon1 he says3 ,i was once shooting at ,illepecadew1 which is a lonely1 miserable spot1 when ,i met with a very sagacious and independent sportsman in a most unexpected manner4 ,i was shooting with a friend and we had separated for a few hundred paces4 ,presently ,i came upon a lot of ,pea fowl and killed one of them with my rifle4 ,the shot was no sooner fired than ,i heard another shot in the jungle1 in the direction taken by my friend4 ,my rifle was still unloaded when a spotted doe bounded out of the jungle1 followed by a white ,pariah dog in full chase4 ,who would have dreamt of meeting with a dog at a distance of more than three or four miles from any houses6 ,i whistled to the dog1 and to my surprise he came to me1 the deer having1 meanwhile1 run clean out of sight in an incredibly short space of time4 ,he was a knowing looking brute1 and evidently out hunting on his own account4 ,just at this moment1 my friend called out to me that he had wounded a buck1 and had found the blood-stained track4 ,i picked a blade of grass from the spot1 which was tinged with blood1 and holding it to the dog's nose1 he eagerly followed me to the track1 upon which ,i dropped it4 ,he went off in a moment1 but running mute ,i was obliged to follow1 and after a run of over half a mile1 ,i lost sight of him4 ,in following the track of the wounded buck ,i heard the distant barking of a dog1 by which ,i knew he had brought him to bay1 and ,i was soon at the spot4 ,the buck had taken up a position in a small glade1 and was charging furiously at the dog1 but he was a great deal too knowing to court the danger and kept well out of the way4 ,i shot the buck1 and tying a piece of jungle rope to the dog's neck1 gave him to a gunbearer to lead as ,i hoped he might be again useful in hunting up a wounded deer4 ,i had not proceeded more than half a mile when we arrived at the edge of a small sluggish stream1 covered in most places with rushes and waterlilies4 ,we waded through this about up to our hips1 but the gunbearer1 who had the dog with him1 could not prevail upon our mute companion to follow2 he pulled violently back and shrank and showed every sign of terror as he approached the water4 ,i had now got over and was on the opposite bank1 but as nothing could induce the dog to voluntarily come near the river1 ,i told the gunbearer to drag him across by force4 ,this he accordingly did1 and the dog swam with frantic exertions across the river and managed to slip his head out of the jungle rope by which he was held4 ,the moment he arrived on terra firma1 he rushed up a steep bank and looked attentively down into the water beneath4 ,we now gave him credit for his sagacity in refusing to cross the dangerous passage4 ,the reeds bowed down to the right and left as a huge crocodile of about eighteen feet in length moved slowly from his shallow bed into a deep hole4 ,the dog turned to the right about and ran off as fast as his legs would carry him4 ,no calling or whistling would induce him to return and ,i never saw him again4 ,how he knew that a large crocodile lay concealed in the river ,i do not know1 he probably had a previous unpleasant experience of those creatures1 and seemed determined to profit by the lesson he had learnt4 ,making use of the experience ,i had gained in wild sports in the country1 ,i came out well armed1 according to my ideas of weapons for the chase4 ,i had four double-barrelled rifles made specially to my order and my own pattern1 my hunting knives and boar spear heads were also made to my own design and ,i arrived in ,ceylon with a fine pack of ,foxhounds1 and ',bran1' a favourite greyhound of wonderful speed and strength4 ,the usual drawbacks and discomforts attending upon a new settlement having been overcome1 ,newera ,ellia formed a pleasant place of residence4 ,i soon1 however1 discovered that ,foxhounds were not at all adapted to a country so enclosed by forest1 some of the hounds were lost1 others ,i parted with1 and their progeny1 crossed with ,pointers1 ,bloodhounds and other breeds1 have proved a useful stamp for ,elk hunting4 ,it is difficult to form a pack for this sport which shall be perfect in all respects4 ,sometimes a splendid hound in character may be more like a butcher's dog in appearance1 but the pack cannot afford to part with him if he has really proved his value in work4 ,the casualties from ,leopards1 ,wild ,boars1 ,elks and lost dogs are so great that the pack is with extreme difficulty kept up by breeding4 ,it must be borne in mind that the place of a lost dog cannot be easily supplied in ,ceylon6 ,newera ,ellia is one of the few places in the island where the climate is suited to the constitution of a dog4 ,in the low and hot climates they lead a short and miserable life1 which is soon ended by the inevitable liver complaint2 thus1 if a supply for the pack cannot be kept up by breeding1 hounds must be procured from ,england from time to time1 and this1 it is needless to say1 is attended with much risk and great expense4 ,on one of the last occasions ,i exhibited my dogs at ,maidstone show1 in ,kent1 ,i was rather amused by a conversation ,i had with the secretary there4 ,he said1 whenever ,i see you1 sir1 ,i think of your ,dog4 ,i asked what dog he referred to8 ,he said1 one of your ,dandies1 ,i think he was a champion1 7,i forget whether it was ,champion ,rob ,roy1 or ,champion ,laird1 but think it must have been the former74 ,you had to leave before the end of the show1 which was very unusual with you1 sir1 and you asked me to see your dogs packed2 ,i was out in the building where all the boxes and baskets were1 when ,i heard a crackling noise1 and1 looking towards the place1 saw a dog's head1 and directly afterwards his body1 come out of one of the hampers1 and saw the dog walk across the building1 and search amongst the packages1 when he had found the one he wanted1 he lifted up the lid with his nose1 jumped in and lay down2 ,i at once went over to see what name and number was on the package1 and found that one of your dogs had been put1 by an oversight1 into a wrong basket1 and as he found out it was not the proper one1 he ate his way out1 searched for and found his correct travelling basket1 and lay down in it1 ready to be sent home4 ,i thought this was so smart and intelligent of the dog that ,i have never forgotten it1 and have often mentioned it to my friends1 who are interested in dogs4 ,the following about the dog1 which appeared in the ,arcana of ,science in #ahbi1 just seventy years ago1 may be interesting to some of my readers at the present day3 ,the dog is the only animal that dreams1 he and the elephant the only animals that understand looks and expressions2 the elephant is the only four-footed animal that feels ennui2 the dog the only quadruped which has been brought to speak4 ,professor ,leibnitz1 in ,saxony1 bore witness to a hound1 he had heard speak thirty words distinctly4 ,i am inclined to doubt the speaking faculty of the dog1 though ,i have certainly seen many animals that could do almost everything1 but speak4 ,buffon1 the eminent ,french naturalist1 says of the dog1 ,more docile than man1 more obedient than any other animal1 he is not only instructed in a short time1 but also conforms to the manners and dispositions of those who have authority over him4 ,he takes his tone from the house he inhabits1 like the rest of the domestic staff1 he is disdainful among the great and churlish among the clowns4 ,always assiduous in serving his master1 and only friendly to his friends2 he is indifferent to all others and declares himself openly against such as are dependent like himself4 ,he knows a beggar by his voice1 by his clothes or his gestures and challenges his approach4 ,when1 at night1 or other occasions1 the protection of the house is entrusted to his care1 he seems proud of the charge1 he continues a vigilant sentinel1 he goes his rounds1 scents strangers at a distance and gives them warning he is upon duty4 ,if they attempt to break in upon his territory1 he becomes more fierce1 flies at them1 threatens1 fights1 and either conquers alone or alarms those who have most at interest in coming to his assistance1 however1 when he has conquered1 he quickly reposes1 and abstains from what he has prevented others from abusing1 giving thus1 at once1 a lesson of courage1 temperance and fidelity4 ,i think it was in ,may1 #ahha1 ,i sustained one of my severest losses in connection with dogs4 ,i was at that time owner of a very well-known and high class1 all white1 medium-sized ,bull ,bitch1 which ,i called ,lady ,rozelle 7her portrait appears in one of the illustrations to this book1 as well as that of my ,smooth ,collie ,bitch1 ,lady ,nellie1 even more celebrated in her own line7 and had taken a great number of prizes at all the leading shows4 ,i was anxious to take just one more1 the gold medal of the ,bull ,dog ,club4 ,she had already taken both the bronze and silver medals1 and ,i then intended her to rest on her laurels1 as ,i have always endeavoured to let any of my great prize winners end their days in peace and comfort1 free from the fatigue and excitement of shows and never like to see animals which have done good service for their owners1 hacked about in ,variety and ,selling classes1 all over the country4 ,the weather when ,i travelled to ,aldridge's1 ,st4 ,martin's ,lane1 where the ,bull ,dog ,club's show was to be held1 was very warm and sultry1 and on arrival at ,paddington1 ,i had her box put on the roof of a cab and run over to the show1 but on its being opened there1 as it happened1 by my old friend1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,berrie1 then1 as now1 the president of the ,bull ,dog ,club1 ,i think everyone present was horrified to find my beautiful bitch actually stone dead1 and from the appearance of the body1 should think the heat must have brought on an apoplectic seizure and death must have been very sudden4 ,of course1 as is usual in such cases1 ,i had someone at the time anxious to purchase her at1 what was then thought1 a very long price1 #bej4 ,dogs have played important parts in the superstitions of ages now happily passed away4 ,when the dog howled at the gate1 it used to be alleged that one of the family was to die4 ,old women suspected of being witches because they were infirm and stricken with poverty were supposed to always have either a cat or dog1 said to be their ,familiar and through whom they could be enabled to commune with the ,spirit of ,darkness4 ,to meet a black dog on a dark or stormy night was deemed a very unlucky sign2 dogs were said to be possessed by evil spirits1 and to haunt the wicked and in more than one story the evil one himself has been stated to have taken the form of the faithful friend and companion of man4 ,i will conclude these anecdotes about dogs with the following excellent advice given by the late well-known sportsman1 the ,hon4 ,grantley ,berkeley1 in the pages of ,the ,field1 more than forty years since3 ,before you chastise a dog1 be not only sure that he is in fault1 but also ascertain that he himself understands in what respect he has done wrong4 ,take care not to punish him so severely that terror and pain combined obliterate the why and the wherefore from the sufferer's recollection1 if you do1 you cowe the dog1 without amending his manners4 ,to teach tricks to dogs1 7in the general way1 and1 unless they are dogs belonging to those whose living is to be earned by the employment of performing dogs17 either with cards1 numbers1 or letters1 is infinitely beneath a sportsman1 as well as insulting to the useful and thinking capabilities of the canine race6 ,,chapter ,,xxiv ,a ,,few ,,words ,,about ,,general ,,management ,,and ,,some ,,simple ,,maladies1 ,,to ,,which ,,dogs ,,are ,,subject1 ,,and ,,their ,,treatment ,these few practical directions and suggestions are not intended to take the place of the veterinary surgeon1 whose skill and experience are often of the greatest value in dealing with cases of a serious nature1 but just to give inexperienced persons some idea what to do1 in case of emergency2 as1 in all cases of illness or accidents to animals1 immediate treatment is often most important4 ,i may say that a bond of sympathy should exist between an owner or keeper1 and his dogs1 and when this is the case1 it will be much easier to deal with them1 either in health or sickness1 but particularly the latter4 ,i believe more trouble is caused by mismanagement than any other cause1 and that if only proper attention be paid to the three cardinal points of cleanliness1 food and exercise1 there will not be much the matter with the inmates of the kennel4 ,i have1 for a great number of years1 kept a small lot of dogs1 varying in number from fifteen to fifty1 but although accidents will be constantly occurring with live stock of all kinds1 ,i have had wonderfully little illness1 amongst my dogs1 except the ordinary ailments so generally expected1 and ,i attribute this mainly to endeavouring to enforce cleanliness and plenty of exercise1 and providing food varying in character and quantity to suit the appetites of the inmates4 ,i may say1 while on the subject of food1 that although in winter1 or very cold weather1 it is well it should be given with the chill off1 it is better not to let it be warm1 in a general way1 as it is thought unnatural for dogs1 and tends to weaken their digestive powers4 ,also except in cases of packs of hounds1 where it is unavoidable1 7but they are generally accompanied by some of the kennel men1 and attendants to avoid undue differences of opinion17 it is best1 not to feed two or more dogs together1 as often the stronger member will overpower the weaker1 and perhaps consume more than his or her share2 you will notice this1 even amongst puppies4 ,an owner1 or keeper will soon get to know the right amount to give each1 and give just as much as will be finished at the time1 when the pan should be removed1 or washed out1 and filled with water1 if benched alone1 not otherwise1 or it may be upset in the course of play1 etc4 ,except in cases of bitches with families or puppies by themselves when two or more meals may be given1 it is usual to feed once a day either morning or evening as most convenient1 giving each as much as they will eat1 with appetite1 the oftener varied the better1 as ,i said in the ,introduction4 ,unless any difficulty occurs1 at the birth of the puppies1 when skilled assistance should be obtained1 the less the bitch is disturbed the better1 but a few days afterwards it is well to examine the litter1 and destroy any deformed or faulty ones1 and if she has more than she can reasonably bring up1 to put some of them under a foster mother1 which are frequently advertised in the papers dealing with dogs and doggy matters1 if not procurable in your own district1 in such case1 it is best not to take away all the foster litter at once1 but introduce the new-comers 7in the absence of the ,foster17 amongst her remaining puppies1 and mix them up1 together1 so that they will smell alike1 and gradually weed out those not desired to be kept4 ,after three weeks old1 the puppies should be given bread and milk1 which will help the mothers in their nursing1 and about this time if a breed which requires their tails to be shortened1 a part may be taken off1 with a strong pair of scissors1 not too sharp1 feeling for a joint1 before making the cut1 and if carefully done1 it causes but momentary pain1 and soon heals up4 ,at six weeks old1 they may be removed from the mother1 altogether1 and if she seems at all troubled with milk1 occasionally squeeze out any milk1 with the finger and thumb1 and dress the teats with vinegar and water1 which generally prevents swelling or inflammation1 and helps to dry off the milk4 ,i need not say that the stories sometimes heard about dogs having a worm under the tongue1 which must be taken out1 are all humbug1 and should not be credited4 ,sometimes dogs' claws1 when not sufficiently exercised1 grow too long and require to be shortened1 but this is easily done with a sharp pair of nippers4 ,putting a piece of stone sulphur in the water is no good1 as being a mineral1 it does not dissolve1 and you might just as well put a lump of coal in6 ,but1 as ,i said before1 a little ,flowers of ,brimstone1 according to the size of the animal1 either mixed in milk1 or with its food1 is beneficial and has a cooling effect1 and ,i sometimes add a small quantity of magnesia1 with the same object4 ,above everything1 see that the place where the dog lives is dry1 warm in winter and free from draughts4 ,i think dogs kept in a house as pets are more liable to disease1 than those kept in kennels1 from often having no regular meals or rules1 but constantly being fed by many people1 and so getting more than they require of food1 but much less of exercise4 ,chicken and game bones are not desirable for dogs1 as they break into sharp splinters which when swallowed may cause injury to the intestines1 but other bones are occasionally very good for dogs1 and much enjoyed by them2 and when at liberty they will take grass1 which1 as with cats1 is very useful for their digestion4 ,most dogs are troubled with fleas1 and some with ticks and other small insects1 particularly in the summer4 ,i have found an occasional washing1 with a weak solution of ,jeye's ,purifier1 7procurable of any chemist1 or stores1 with full directions on the bottles71 makes a great improvement in this respect1 and if the breed of the animal is small1 or it is one kept indoors1 it may have an occasional combing with a small tooth comb1 having a basin of boiling water at hand1 to put the results in4 ,in all treatment of a sick dog1 remember you are dealing with a highly sensitive and nervous patient1 be very gentle1 avoid roughness1 or anything likely to alarm him2 in giving any liquid medicine1 do not open his mouth1 but placing him between your knees with his face looking in same direction as your own1 gently raise his jaw1 and pulling his lips away from his teeth1 on one side of his mouth1 to form a cup1 or funnel1 very slowly pour from bottle or spoon1 the quantity he is to have1 into it4 ,keep his head raised for a minute or two1 and if he does not swallow the dose1 insert a spoon between his front teeth1 this will have the effect of drawing off his attention from the medicine1 and he will1 usually1 swallow at once4 ,if the dose is a pill1 bolus1 or anything solid1 hold his head the same way as before mentioned1 but with the left hand under lower jaw1 press firmly on each side with thumb and finger at the junction of upper and lower jaws4 ,this will usually cause him to open his mouth1 when the dose should be put into the mouth1 as far back as possible1 over the tongue 7or he will spit it out7 and close the jaws somewhat sharply1 and in most cases the deed is done4 ,if any trouble arises with the action of his front paws1 this may be got over by wrapping him round with a shawl1 or coarse apron4 ,when once you have got into the way of it1 you will be surprised how simple it is4 ,i am quite sure a practised owner or kennelsman1 would dose a dozen dogs1 while a novice was making a bungle over one6 ,distemper carries off scores of dogs every year1 but it is quite a mistake to suppose all dogs must have it4 ,i have had1 probably1 more without than with it1 the worst of it is that it varies so in different cases1 so that the same treatment does not do for all2 sometimes the brain1 at others1 the stomach1 at others1 the lungs1 are most affected2 it is of an inflammatory and very debilitating character1 and frequently accompanied by severe convulsions and fits1 which are very alarming and distressing4 ,generally1 there is discharge from nose and eyes1 but not invariably4 ,i am doubtful if there is any positive and unfailing cure for the complaint1 although so many claim to be1 so much depends on the form the disease takes1 the treatment given1 and the constitution of the patient4 ,the symptoms comprise great depression1 debility1 want of life and appetite1 and great languor2 as medicine1 two or three grains of calomel in milk may be given2 if possible1 get the patient to drink it which he sometimes will1 being feverish from the nature of the disease2 sometimes a small dose of ,james's ,powders1 administered in same way1 has a good effect4 ,for food1 anything light and nourishing1 such as thickish gruel1 or good broth1 or bovril1 may be given4 ,the old adage1 that prevention is better than cure holds good here1 and young dogs not fed too highly1 and occasionally dosed with ,epsom salts or jalap1 when their bowels are out of order1 or their eyes look unnatural1 not given much meat while young1 and kept from going into the water at too early an age1 will often ward off this scourge of the race4 ,dogs are sometimes troubled with ,skin affections such as mange and eczema1 both are thought to have their origin in errors in feeding and particularly in the former1 from want of due attention to cleanliness4 ,i have found the following1 which we have always kept ready for use1 to apply a little if required1 a certain cure1 if persevered with4 ,equal quantities of train oil and paraffin and a tablespoonful of black sulphur to each quart of the mixture applied freely to the affected parts1 every other day with a piece of sponge4 ,if the attack is very slight1 a little sulphur ointment made by mixing sufficient ,flowers of ,sulphur1 with hog's lard1 to make a fairly firm ointment1 and rub on this two or three times a week1 where the cause arises4 ,a small dose of ,epsom salts will be beneficial4 ,canker in the ear is troublesome1 particularly with the breeds having large ears1 a little alum and water is advised as a wash for the ears1 into which it should be poured1 and the flaps closed over and rubbed gently2 but ,i have personally found a little ,hippacea 7procurable at most chemists71 which is a rather moist ointment1 rubbed inside the affected parts1 give much relief4 ,fits are often caused1 either by distemper or worms1 they are always alarming1 particularly when they take place away from the kennels or home1 in such case ,i either borrow from someone at hand1 or send for1 a hamper1 or box1 and get the patient home as soon as possible2 as perfect quiet and repose are very important1 merely sprinkling a little cold water on his face and placing him in some place1 with plenty of straw1 or shavings1 where he cannot hurt himself by falling about1 as he is quite unconscious for the time being and not accountable for his actions4 ,when able to take medicine1 give such treatment as the cause of the fits require1 they are usually those ,i mentioned1 but when caused by extreme debility1 as with an overtaxed nursing mother1 they are very serious4 ,in any case of fits1 where good professional advice can be obtained and the patient is a pet1 or valuable1 it is better not to attempt to deal with it without4 ,asthma is supposed to arise from errors in feeding1 but it is certain some breeds of dogs are more liable to it than others4 ,light nourishing diet1 very moderate exercise1 and a little opening medicine will certainly have a good effect1 but it is a difficult complaint to get rid of when once it makes its appearance4 ,diarrhoea sometimes occurs with dogs from inattention to dietary matters1 but they more often suffer from the other extreme4 ,a little ,epsom salts in water1 or thin gruel1 will often work the desired end1 but if the dog seems still in pain1 ten or fifteen drops of tincture of opium may be given in water4 ,eye affections are not uncommon with some breeds1 but the eye is such a tender and delicate organ to meddle with that ,i prefer to advise any of my readers1 who may have a patient suffering in that way1 to call in the best advice they can procure1 than to give them any directions4 ,wounds1 whether incised or contused1 are rather awkward for a novice to deal with1 and if he does so1 he had better muzzle the patient1 both to prevent being bitten and to keep the bandage1 plaster or poultice from being torn off2 of course in the former case1 the affected part must be gently washed with cold water1 and the blood staunched with lint or otherwise1 and if possible tightly bandaged1 and closing the edges of the wound keep them together with sticking plaster1 binding all round with lint4 ,in contused wounds apply and frequently change a bread poultice1 large enough to take in all the injured parts and keep the patient as quiet as possible1 and maintain his strength with light nourishing diet1 of a more hearty character4 ,this is not a ,kennel ,guide 7although ,i hope it may teach some of my readers something they did not know in a rough and ready way7 and there are1 in almost every district in the kingdom1 as ,i know from actual experience1 having met scores of them in the course of my doggy travels1 highly qualified gentlemen1 practising as veterinary surgeons1 who have made a lifelong study of the diseases1 and calamities1 to which dogs1 as well as their owners1 are liable4 ,i think ,i have now said a little about all the many breeds suitable1 or likely to be kept as companions or pets1 and sufficient for my book to form a vade-mecum1 or guide1 to anyone in doubt1 as to what sort of dog to choose for the purpose1 and this was the original idea which prompted the commencement of the work4 ,the illustrations herein are from life1 the subjects being mostly typical specimens1 and are introduced to show good types of some of the least common1 or every day breeds4 ,from the remarks often overheard at exhibitions and elsewhere1 it has greatly surprised me how many persons have only a vague idea of all but the most ordinary varieties4 ,thinking over matters and things even to compile a work of this kind1 has brought back to mind many forgotten incidents concerning both people and animals1 and ,i have derived much pleasure in the course of it4 ,i am in hopes1 if the book falls into the hands of any1 who have hitherto known1 or cared nothing for dogs of any kind1 they may be sufficiently interested in my recital1 of the charming qualities of so many different varieties1 to take up one or more of them1 and test the truth of my statements1 which ,i may say are founded on fact1 and a very lengthened and practical experience as a breeder1 exhibitor and now for many years as a judge1 during which time ,i believe ,i have kept most1 and adjudicated on all1 known varieties of dogs1 and on most of the breeds very often indeed4 ,and considering the many thousands of dogs1 which have come under my notice1 ,i am bound to say1 on the whole1 ,i have not had much to complain of1 in my treatment by the exhibitors1 which have often included ,her ,majesty the ,queen1 a well-known lover of animals1 and other members of the ,royal ,family1 as well as leading members of the nobility and gentry1 and very many of the middle1 lower and working classes4 ,and1 ,i hope1 the reason has been that as far as lay in my power1 ,i have tried to serve all alike1 that is1 to regard the dogs1 and not their owners or leaders1 as the sole matter to be dealt with1 and where exhibitors recognise this in a judge1 as a rule1 his classes are well filled4 ,i think1 ,i have said enough1 in this chapter1 to justify its title1 and1 ,i hope1 to form a fitting wind-up1 for my little work1 as ,all about ,dogs4 ,,the ,,end4 ,printed by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson 4 ,,co4 ,edinburgh ,london ,,transcriber',s ,,notes ,the following changes have been made to the original3 ,illustrations have been moved from their original positions in the book to fall in line with corresponding text4 ,page i a full stop after ,rough collies has been replaced with a comma #bj the t of the in the skull should be has been capitalised #df out has been replaced with our in seen at our best shows4 #he a full stop has been added after smooth basset hound4 #ie quotation marks have been added before ,head1 long and narrow1 #ig a second ,s was added to ,,woodiwiss to conform with other instances #ii senis has been replaced with semi- in semi-erect1 small1 well shaped ears2 #ajj a hyphen was added to business-like in business-like look about them #abc missing quotation mark was added before ,,roper #acc hyphens were added to prick-eared and drop-eared in more prick-eared to be seen1 than drop-eared #agh ,an apostrophe was added to ,cupid's in champion ,cupid's ,dart1 whose portrait #bbc closing quotation marks were added to ,,rufus #bai varities was replaced with varieties in there is no doubt there are two varieties #bhc a second l was added to illustrates in ,mrs4 ,p4 ,turner's well-known kennel1 illustrates #cjh ,pyrenneean was replaced by ,pyrenean in the ,pyrenean ,sheep ,dog #cbb a comma was replaced by a full stop after called by his master ,ben #cec ,,xx replaced with ,,xxi in ,,chapter ,,xxi #cec the lines ,,anecdotes ,,about ,,dogs and 7,continued7 and ,,chapter ,,xxi were switched for consistency #cid a full stop was replaced by a comma in cure holds good here1 ,for consistency all instances of ,ch4 in the illustration titles were replaced by ,,ch4 ,for consistency full stops were added after section headers where they were missing1 e4g4 #bje full stop added after ,bedlington in ,bedlington4--,this breed1 ,the following inconsistencies in the text were not changed3 ,there are a number of opening quotation marks which are not closed in the original4 ,it is not clear where the quotation ends so closing quotation marks have not been added3 #ac ,let his legs be straight as arrows #ai ,the education of this pack is marvellous2 #ej ,the ,gordon ,setter4-- #ed ,the ,irish ,setter4-- #aee ,what ,i consider a true type #bje ,the ,bedlington ,terrier is fast1 #ced ,this story brings to my recollection ,inconsistency in spelling has been retained where it was unclear as to which spelling was correct or both spellings are valid4 ,the following have been identified and checked with the original3 borzoi_/borzois ,claude_/,,claud dachshounds_/dachshunds ,dumfrieshire_/,,dumfriesshire ,fauntleroy_/,fontleroy fox terrier_/foxterrier ,grelliche_/,,greliche ,koenig_/,k,,nig ,,schipperche_/shipperke ,many words have variable hyphenation in the original4 ,they have not been standardised4 ,the following have been identified and checked3 ,bridford-brilliant_/,bridford brilliant dew claws_/dew-claws ,elk-hound_/elkhound flatcoated_/flat-coated forelegs_/fore-legs now-a-days_/nowadays ,otterhounds_/,otter hounds sheepdog_/sheep-dog_/sheep dog top-knot_/top knot