,transcrib]'s ,notes ,*anges to ! text are limit$ to correction ( typographical errors are li/$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,m9or corrections to =matt+ or punctuation are made )\t comm5t4 ,illu/rations & plates h be5 re-position$ to appe> z close z possible foll[+ ! fir/ ref]5ce 9 ! text1 :ile reta9+ _! numb]$ ord]4 ,plate ,,xxx & ,plate ,,xxxi 7 9 rev]se ord] 9 ! orig9al4 ,footnotes h be5 numb]$ consecutively ?r\gh\t ! book & plac$ aft] ! p>agraph 9 :i* ! footnote an*or appe>s4 ,9 ?is ,pla9 ,text v]sion ( ! e-book1 *>act]s f ! ,lat9-#a 7,,iso-#hhei-a7 "* set only are us$4 ,o!r symbols are repres5t$ z foll[s3 s /&s = long s und]score symbols repres5t italic typeface2 equals signs repres5t bold type face2 tilde signs repres5t blacklett] font2 ,,all ,,caps is us$ to repres5t small caps typeface4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,crafts ,,s]ies ,,( ,,te*nical ,,h&books ,,edit$ ,,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,le?aby ,,h]aldry ,illu/ration3 ,,bann] ,,( ,,! ,,arms ,,( ,,k+ ,,george ,,! ,,fif?4 ,,h]aldry ,,= ,,craftsm5 ,,design]s ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,hope ,,litt4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,) ,,diagrams ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,& ,,num]\s ,,illu/rations ,,col\r$ ,,li?ographs ,,& ,,collotype ,,reproductions ,,f ,,anci5t ,,examples ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,john ,,hogg #ac ,,pat]no/] ,,r[ ,,london #aiac ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,ballantyne ,,company ,,ltd ,,london ,,editor',s ,,preface ,9 issu+ ?is volume ( a s]ies ( ,h&books on ! ,arti/ic ,crafts1 x w be well to /ate :at are our g5]al aims4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we wi% to provide tru/wor?y text-books ( work%op practice1 f ! po9ts ( view ( exp]ts :o h critically exam9$ ! me?ods curr5t 9 ! %ops1 &1 putt+ aside va9 survivals1 are prep>$ to say :at is good workman%ip & to set up a /&>d ( quality 9 ! crafts :i* are m especially associat$ ) design4 ,secondly1 9 do+ ?is1 we hope to treat design itself z an ess5tial "p ( good workman%ip4 ,dur+ ! la/ c5tury mo/ ( ! arts1 save pa9t+ & sculpture ( an academic k9d1 7 little consid]$1 & !re 0 a t5d5cy to look on 'design' z a m]e matt] ( appe>ance4 ,su* 'ornam5tation' z !re 0 0 usually obta9$ by foll[+ 9 a me*anical way a draw+ provid$ by an arti/ :o (t5 knew little ( ! te*nical processes involv$ 9 production4 ,) ! critical att5tion giv5 to ! crafts by ,rusk9 & ,morris1 x came to be se5 t x 0 impossible to deta* design f craft 9 ?is way1 & t1 9 ! wide/ s5se1 true design is an insep>able elem5t ( good quality1 involv+ z x does ! selection ( good & suitable mat]ial1 contrivance = special purpose1 exp]t workman%ip1 prop] f9i% & s on1 f> m ?an m]e ornam5t1 &1 inde$1 t ornam5tation itself 0 r an exub]ance ( f9e workman%ip ?an a matt] ( m]ely ab/ract l9es4 ,workman%ip :5 sep>at$ by too wide a gulf f fre% ?\ght--t is1 f design--inevitably decays1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ornam5tation1 divorc$ f workman%ip1 is necess>ily unreal1 & quickly falls into affectation4 ,prop] ornam5tation may be def9$ z a language address$ to ! eye2 x is pleasant ?\ght express$ 9 ! spee* ( ! tool4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 we w\ld h ?is s]ies put arti/ic craftsman%ip be=e p z furni%+ reasonable occupations = ^? :o w\ld ga9 a livelihood4 ,al?\gh )9 ! b\nds ( academic art ! competition1 ( its k9d1 is s acute t only a v few p] c5t4 c fairly hope to succe$ z pa9t]s & sculptors1 yet z arti/ic craftsm5 !re is "s probability t ne>ly e "o :o w\ld pass ?r\gh a suffici5t p]iod ( appr5tice%ip to workman%ip & design w\ld rea* a measure ( success4 ,9 ! bl5d+ ( h&work & ?\ght 9 su* arts z we propose to deal )1 happy c>e]s may be f\nd z f> remov$ f ! dre>y r\t9e ( hack lab\r z f ! t]rible unc]ta9ty ( academic art4 ,x is desirable 9 e way t m5 ( good education %\ld be br\ght back into ! productive crafts3 !re are m ?an en\gh ( u '9 ! ,city1' & x is probable t m consid]ation w be giv5 9 ?is c5tury ?an 9 ! la/ to ,design & ,workman%ip4 99 99 99 99 99 ,design]s h at times to deal ) "s matt]s :i* are almo/ common to all ! arts1 matt]s :i* !y ei!r "k or d n "k1 & 9 :i* ! g5ius !y are apt to tru/ 9 goes = little ap>t f k4 ,!y mu/ le>n lett]+ = inscriptions mu* l !y once le>nt ! multiplication table1 & !y %\ld le>n ! elem5ts ( h]aldry 9 ! same way4 ,?is x has be5 difficult to d1 z mo/ ( ! books on h]aldry1 9 seek+ to be complete1 s effectually muddle up ! few important po9ts ) ! va/ numb] ( ?+s unimportant1 or worse1 t ! art /ud5t is likely to give x up 9 despair4 ,_m books on h]aldry1 :i* 9 itself is surely a gay ?+1 h be5 made to resemble gramm>s & diction>ies ( a mean+less j>gon4 ,any /ud5t1 h[ev]1 :o has become int]e/$ 9 a s+le %ield1 or 9 ! look ( ! ?+ z se5 9 a collection ( f9e examples ( h]aldry su* z are illu/rat$ 9 ?is volume1 %\ld be able to ma/] ! ma9 pr9ciples 9 an h\r or two4 ,! curi\s t]ms are only old-fa%ion$2 !y are us$1 s f> z !y are necess>y1 n ( malice1 b because x is ( ! ess5ce ( h]aldry t ev]y?+ %all be s /rictly def9$ t a few words may repres5t a %ield ( arms z surely z a picture4 ,h5ce ev]y?+ has a "n1 ev]y?+ is cle>1 %>p1 & bright1 ! col\rs are few1 ! =ms mu/ be l>ge & simple4 ,ev5 ! seem+ly arbitr>y dictum t 'no col\r mu/ be put on col\r or metal on metal' may probably h aris5 f ! fact t :5 gild+ or silv]+ 0 us$ on a %ield x w\ld =m a p]fect foil = col\rs1 b z !y reflect$ light 9 ! same way1 !y c\ld n be di/+ui%$ if us$ "o on ! o!r4 ,ev5 yell[ pigm5t on :ite w\ld n tell cle>ly at any di/ance2 ! maxim is m]ely a rule = ! sake ( di/9ctness4 ,aga91 ! curi\s vigor\s draw+ ( bea/s & birds ) ! eyes />+ & ! feet spread out 0 n ! result ( a desire to be qua9t1 b arose naturally f ! same ne$ ( be+ cle>4 ,a good naturali/ic draw+ ( a lion w\ld be useless on a flag4 ,grant$ ! special ne$s ( h]aldry1 x develop$ 9 a p]fectly und]/&able way4 ,on ! "q ( h]aldic draw+ ,i %\ld l to caution ! /ud5t aga9/ ?9k+ t x is s easy z x looks4 ,elem5t>y & exagg]at$1 x may seem z if any *ild might d x1 b 9 tru? x is t]ribly difficult4 ,! old %ields 7 design$ by exp]ts ) great exp]i5ce2 !y plac$ ! *>ge p]fectly on ! field & s di/ribut$ ! p>ts t !y 7 balanc$ 9 'weight'2 !re 7 no weak l9es & no?+ 0 cr[d$ = lack ( room4 ,mu* practice made !m p]fect1 & p]fection is /ill difficult4 ,! pres5t volume seems to me exactly :at arti/s h want$4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,le?aby ,m>* #aiac ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,?is book is an attempt to place be=e design]s & craftsm5 su* an acc\nt ( ! pr9ciples ( ! art ( ,h]aldry z w enable !m to "w out = !mselves ! _m & v>i\s applications ( x t are possible to-day4 ,to t end ! diff]5t usages :i* h prevail$ f "t to "t are dealt ) 9 detail1 & are illu/rat$ z f> z may be f anci5t s\rces4 ,%\ld x be ?\ght t undue /ress has be5 laid ^u ! pre-,tudor h]aldry1 to ! comp>ative exclusion ( t ( lat] times1 x may be po9t$ out t until ! pr9ciples ( ! e>li] h]aldry h be5 grasp$ & appreciat$1 x is impossible to get rid ( ! ca/-iron uni=mity & /upid rules t b\nd ! h]aldry ( to-day1 & t5d to /rangle all attempts to raise x to a high] level4 ,to :at ext5t ^! *ill+ ideas prevail1 & h[ necess>y x is to get rid ( !m1 _c bett] be illu/rat$ ?an by two lett]s writt5 to ! au?or1 aft] mo/ ( ! foll[+ *apt]s 7 9 type1 by a critical fri5d :o has n read any ( !m4 ,he po9ts out 9 8 fir/ lett] t on ! v day ( 8 writ+ !re _h be5 br\ght to 8 notice1 n = ! fir/ "t1 ! great ne$ t exi/s = a book 9 :i* sculptors & pa9t]s may f9d out :at !y legitimately may & :at !y may n d z reg>ds h]aldry4 ,:at1 = example1 may be left out f an a*ievem5t ( arms1 & h[ ! diff]5t elem5ts compos+ x may be v>i$1 or ev5 re>rang$4 ,he in/ances ! case ( a sculptor :o _h be5 suppli$ ) a draw+1 'brilliant 9 em]ald gre5 & p[d] blue1' ( ! arms t _h be5 grant$ to a fam\s ,engli%man ^: memory 0 ab\t to be hon\r$ by ! sett+ up ( a /atue ) 8 arms1 etc4 c>v$ ^u ! p$e/al4 ,! arms 9 ! draw+ did n pres5t any difficulties1 b ! cre/ 0 n %[n ^u ! helm1 & ! :ole 0 surr\nd$ by a s]ies ( trophies :i* to ?is un5light5$ sculptor 7 z h]aldic z ! arms & cre/4 ,out ( all ?is1 ask$ ! sculptor1 :at c\ld lawfully be omitt$8 ,if any ( ! trophies 7 support]s1 mu/ !y be %[n8 ,& mu/ ! cre/ be us$8 ,ought ! cre/ to be on a helm8 ,& %\ld ! helm be %[n 9 pr(ile or full-fac$8 ,! cont5ts ( ! draw+1 if all 7 sculptur$1 w\ld1 9 my fri5d's op9ion1 'ei!r come s small z to be unmonum5tal1 or s l>ge z to dw>f ! /atue into a doll4' ,x w be se5 f ! pr9ciples enunciat$ 9 ! pres5t "w t ! answ]s to ! =ego+ que/ions 7 obvi\sly z foll[s3 ,i4 ,t ! sculptor might use ! arms alone if he ?\ght fit1 & he might v>y ! %ape & size ( ! %ield accord+ to 8 fancy4 ,,ii4 ,t he c\ld omit ! cre/ if he wi%$1 b if he elect$ to use x1 ! cre/ ought c]ta9ly to be set ^u a helm1 :i* %\ld face ! same way z ! cre/2 ! cre/$ helm might also be fl\ri%$ ab\t ) su* mantl+ z ! sculptor ?\ght prop]4 ,,iii4 ,t 9 ! p>ticul> draw+ none ( ! trophies 0 h]aldic4 ,! sculptor accord+ly c\ld omit ! :ole1 if he 7 s m9d$1 or c\ld dispose ab\t ! arms & cre/$ helm any su* o!r trophies ( l "* z w\ld 9 8 judgm5t look well or be appropriate4 ,9 a fur!r lett] my fri5d enum]ates o!r difficulties t vex poor arti/s4 ,mu/ a %ield always be surm\nt$ by a cre/$ helm8 ,%\ld ! helm face any special way accord+ to ! degree ( ! be>] !re(8 ,:at are ! ord9>y relative proportions :i* helm & cre/ %\ld be> to ! %ield8 ,may a %ield be set aslant z well z upright8 ,%\ld a torse be drawn ) a curv$ or a /raight l9e8 ,is x necess>y to repres5t ! engrav$ dots & l9es indicative ( ! t9ctures8 ,:at are support]s to /& ^u8 ,are !y to plant _! feet on a ribbon or scroll1 or on a fl[]+ m\nd1 or :at8 ,may arms entitl$ to h support]s be repres5t$ )\t !m8 ,:at are ! simple/ elem5ts to :i* a %ield ( arms may be r$uc$8--z1 = example1 9 a panel "s #fj or #gj feet above ! eye1 & :5 b a small space is available4 ,to a craftsman or design] :o has grasp$ ! pr9ciples ( h]aldry ^! fur!r que/ions w pres5t no difficulty1 & mo/ ( !m c be answ]$ by t appeal to m$ieval usage :i* ! nature ( ! illu/rations r5d]s possible4 ,^! illu/rations1 x w be se51 are l>gely select$ f h]aldic seals1 & = ! p>ticul> reason t seals illu/rate s admirably & 9 a small compass su* a numb] ( ^? usages to :i* appeal may confid5tly be made4 ,examples ( h]aldry 9 conjunction ) build+s1 monum5ts1 & ar*itectural features g5]ally1 h also be5 giv51 & its application to ! m9or arts has n be5 ov]look$4 ,9 ord]1 too1 to enable full advantage to be tak5 ( ! long p]iod cov]$ by ! illu/rations1 ! mo/ typical ( ^! h be5 collect$ into a *ronological s]ies at ! end ( ! book4 ,x is ?us possible to %[ ! gradual rise & decl9e ( h]aldic art f ! ?irte5? to ! sev5te5? c5tury1 beyond :i* x is h>dly necess>y to g4 ,! only mod]n illu/rations t h be5 tol]at$ are ^? %[+ ! =mation ( ! ,union ,jack1 & ! degrad$ condition ( ! s-call$ ,royal ,/&>d4 ,! col\r$ frontispiece is an attempt to %[ a m effective way ( display+ ) equal h]aldic 'correctness' ! arms ( our ,sov]eign ,"l ,k+ ,george ! ,fif?4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,hope ,my ?anks are due to ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,london = leave to reproduce ! col\r$ illu/rations 9 pls4 ,i & ,,ii1 = ! loan ( blocks or draw+s ( figs4 #g1 #ac1 #cc1 #fd1 #fe1 #aja1 #abi1 #aec1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #aij1 & #aic1 & = leave to photograph ! num]\s ca/s ( seals figur$ 9 pls4 ,v-,,xiv & ,,xvii-,,xxx & ?r\gh\t ! book2 to ! ,royal ,ar*ological ,in/itute = loan ( figs4 #bj & #ajg2 to ! ,sussex ,ar*ological ,society = ! loan ( fig4 #adb2 to ! ,society ( ,arts = figs4 #f1 #ae1 #ag1 #bh1 #cj1 #da1 #de1 #df1 #dh1 #ea1 #ee1 #gc1 #gd1 #hf1 #ib1 #aad1 #abf1 #abg1 #aej1 #aed1 #aee1 & #aii2 to ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects = figs4 #h1 #ic1 & #aii2 to ,messrs4 ,cassell ,co4 = figs4 #ba1 #ec1 #ed1 #ef1 #fc1 #ha1 #hd1 #he1 #ia1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aag1 #aah1 #abd1 #acb1 #acc1 #aci1 #aea2 to ,messrs4 ,con/able ,co4 = figs4 #i1 #ad1 #dc1 #fg1 #fh1 #gb1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh1 #hc1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach2 to ,messrs4 ,p>k] ,co4 = fig4 #adc2 & to ,messrs4 ,longmans ,co4 = figs4 #agg1 #ahc4 ,also to ,mr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,rutt] = l5d+ ! draw+s reproduc$ 9 pls4 ,,ii & ,,iii2 to ,mr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,paul = ! draw+ ( fig4 #ahd2 to ,mr4 ,mill ,/eph5son = ! loan ( ! brass rubb+s reproduc$ 9 figs4 #ai1 #bf1 #bg1 #bi1 #ca1 #cb1 #ce-ci1 #db1 #adf-adh2 to ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,w4 ,galp91 ,mr4 ,e4 ,m4 ,beloe1 & ,mr4 ,aym] ,vallance = ! photographs ( figs4 #dg1 #adi1 & #aia respectively2 & to ! ,rev4 ,sev]ne ,maj5die = leave to photograph ! effigies ( ! ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,exet] 7figs4 #afg1 #afh7 9 ,/4 ,ka?>9e's *apel 9 ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,i wi% also to ?ank1 among o!rs1 ,mr4 ,david ,well]1 head v]g] ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 = leave to reproduce ! photographs %[n 9 figs4 #a1 #b1 #d1 #cd1 #dj1 #hg1 #ajd1 #aaj1 #acd1 #aef1 #agf1 #aid1 #aie2 ,mr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,phillips1 ( ,wells1 = ^? =m+ figs4 #bc & #aaa2 ,mr4 ,*>les ,g\ld+1 ( ,bev]ley1 = ^? =m+ figs4 #di1 #ej2 ,mr4 ,t4 ,palm] ,cl>ke1 ( ,cambridge1 = ^? =m+ figs4 #hh1 #if1 #abh1 #agj1 #aga1 & #agb2 & ,mr4 ,fr$ ,spald+1 ( ,*elms=d1 = ! photograph ( ! ,new ,hall panel 9 fig4 #ahi4 ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 page ,i4 ,,introduction #cc ,defects ( ,mod]n ,h]aldic ,decoration2 ,appeal to ,fir/ ,pr9ciples2 ,engli% v]sus ,=eign ,s\rces2 ,def9ition ( ,h]aldry2 ,modes ( ,display2 ,col\rs & ,furs2 ,=mation ( ,arms2 ,divisions ( ! ,%ield2 ,e>ly ,au?orities3 ,seals1 ,monum5ts1 ,build+s1 ,wills & ,inv5tories1 ,rolls ( ,arms4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,%ield ,,& ,,its ,,treatm5t #fe ,e>ly ,=ms ( ,%ields2 ,lat] ,=ms2 ,%ields ( ,irregul> ,outl9e & ,surface2 ,! ,fill+ ( a ,%ield2 ,app>5t v]sus ,absolute ,uni=mity2 ,mod]n ,rules z to ,proportion2 ,! ,use & ,abuse ( ,qu>t]+3 its ,orig9 & ,gr[?2 ,diff]5c+ ( ,arms2 ,! ,scut*eon ( ,ul/]2 ,diap]+4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,%ield ,,& ,,its ,,treatm5t 7cont47 #aji ,armorial ,be>+s ( ,ladies2 ,use ( ,loz5ges & ,r\ndels z v>iant =ms ( ,%ields2 ,arms ( ,m5 on ,loz5ges2 ,comb9ations ( ,%ields ) ,loz5ges & ,r\ndels ( ,arms on ,seals & 9 ,embroid]ies4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,cre/s #abc ,orig9 ( ,cre/s2 ,e>lie/ examples ( ,cre/s2 ,ways ( we>+ ,cre/s2 ,! ,helm & its treatm5t2 ,mod]n use ( ,helms2 ,absurd ,cre/s2 ,use ( ,cre/s o!r ?an by individuals2 ,! comp>ative sizes ( ,helms & ,cre/s4 ,v4 ,,mantl+s #aci ,orig9 ( ,mantl+s2 ,simple e>ly =ms2 ,col\rs ( ,mantl+s2 ,m$ieval usage z to col\rs ( ,mantl+s4 ,,vi4 ,,cre/s ,,& ,,cr[ns1 ,,caps ,,( ,,e/ate1 ,,& ,,wrea?s #adh ,cre/s )9 ,cr[ns2 ,nature & ,treatm5t ( ,cr[ns2 ,caps ( ,e/ate3 ,_! possible orig9 & introduction into ,h]aldry2 ,! col\r ( ,caps2 ,! plac+ ( ,cre/s ^u ,caps2 ,wrea?s or ,torses2 ,_! ,col\r2 ,cre/s & ,mottoes2 ,use ( ,cre/s by ,bi%ops2 ,! ensign+ ( ,arms ) ,mitres1 ,c>d9als' & ,doctors' ,hats1 & ,caps ( ,e/ate4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,badges1 ,,knots1 ,,& ,,! ,,rebus #afe ,def9ition ( a ,badge2 ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,cre/s & ,badges2 ,examples ( ,badges2 ,! ,o/ri*-,fea!r ,badge2 ,! ,:ite ,h>t1 etc42 ,introduction ( ,badges into ,h]aldry2 ,_! ,preval5ce2 ,allusive ,badges2 ,badges ( obscure ,orig92 ,knots & ,badges2 ,! ,rebus4 ,,viii4 ,,support]s #aic ,! probable ,orig9 ( ,support]s2 ,quasi-,support]s2 ,true ,support]s3 _! ,introduction2 ,support]s ( ,cre/$ ,helms2 ,pairs ( ,support]s2 ,dissimil> ,support]s2 ,! use ( ,support]s by ,ladies2 ,o!r ways ( ,support+ ,%ields4 ,,ix4 ,,bann]s ,,( ,,arms #bai ,! ,royal ,bann] ( ,arms2 ,! ,bann] ( ! ,arms ( ! ,city ( ,london2 ,%apes ( ,bann]s2 ,sizes ( c]ta9 ,bann]s2 ,upright v]sus ,long ,bann]s2 ,advantages ( ! upright =m2 ,bann]s ) ,a*ievem5ts ( ,arms2 ,mod]n ,use ( ,bann]s4 ,x4 ,,m>%all+ ,,( ,,arms #bea ,arms ( husb& & wife2 ,dimidiat+2 ,impal+2 ,scut*eons ( ,pret5ce2 ,impalem5t ) ,(ficial ,arms2 ,arms ( ladies2 ,h]aldic ,draw+2 ,mottoes2 ,use & ,misuse ( ! ,g>t]2 ,lett]+ & ,mottoes4 ,,xi4 ,,cr[ns1 ,,coronets1 ,,& ,,coll>s #bfi ,cr[ns & ,coronets2 ,introduction ( ,coronets2 ,coronets ( ,pr9ces1 ,dukes1 & ,e>ls2 ,beque/s ( ,coronets2 ,illu/rations ( ,coronets & ,cr[ns2 ,coll>s & ,*a9s2 ,coll>s ( ,ord]s2 ,lanca/rian ,coll>s ( ,,ss2 ,yorki/ ,coll>s ( ,suns & ,roses2 ,tudor ,coll>s ( ,,ss2 ,o!r ,liv]y ,coll>s2 ,waits' ,coll>s2 ,coll>s & ,*a9s ( ,mayors1 ,mayoresses1 & ,%]iffs2 ,! ,revival ( ,coll>s2 ,inord9ate ,l5g? ( mod]n ,coll>s4 ,,xii4 ,,h]aldic ,,embroid]ies #cai ,! introduction ( armorial insignia 9 embroid]$ ,ve/m5ts3 on ,robes3 on ,b$s1 etc4 ,,xiii4 ,,tudor ,,& ,,lat] ,,h]aldry #cca ,decorative ,h]aldry ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii2 ,! ,decad5t ,*ange 9 ! ,quality ( ,h]aldry2 ,examples ( ,elaborat$ ,arms2 ,survival ( ,tradition 9 ,h]aldic ,art2 ,elizabe?an ,h]aldry2 ,h]aldry 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury & ,"u ! ,commonweal?2 ,po/-,re/oration ,h]aldry4 ,,*ronological ,,s]ies ,,( ,,illu/rations #ced ,,index #daa ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,plates ,fac+ ,,plate page ,bann] ( ! arms ( ,k+ ,george ! ,fif? 7,frontispiece7 ,title ,i4 ,arms ( ,milton ,abbey f a w9d[ 9 ,ibb]ton *ur*1 ,dorset1 c4 #adge4 7,f ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xlvii47 #dh ,,ii4 ,%ields 9 /a9$ glass ( ! #ad? c5tury 9 #ed ,,iii4 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 7,f col\r$ #ef draw+s by ,mr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,rutt]7 ,,iv4 ,"p 7r$uc$7 ( an e>ly ,roll ( ,arms belong+ to ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,london #fd ,v4 ,examples ( %ap$ %ields #gj ,,vi4 ,v>i\s %apes ( %ields #gc ,,vii4 ,examples ( qu>t]+ #hi ,,viii4 ,examples ( diap]$ %ields #ajd ,,ix4 ,use ( loz5ges & r\ndels ( arms #aab ,x4 ,use ( loz5ges & r\ndels ( arms #aad ,,xi4 ,e>ly examples ( cre/s #abc ,,xii4 ,e>ly uses ( cre/s1 on seals ( ,william ,montagu e>l ( ,salisbury1 #accg-dd #abe ,,xiii4 ,v>i\s treatm5ts ( cre/s #abi ,,xiv4 ,examples ( cre/s & mantl+s #acj ,,xv4 ,/all-plate 7r$uc$7 ( ,hugh ,/af=d "l ,b\r*i]1 c4 #adba #aea ,,xvi4 ,/all-plate 7r$uc$7 ( ,william "l ,will\ghby1 c4 #adba #aed ,,xvii4 ,cre/s ) mottoes #afa ,,xviii4 ,examples ( support]s #ahh ,,xix4 ,orig9 ( support]s #aic ,,xx4 ,%ields ) support]s #aih ,,xxi4 ,%ields accompani$ by badges #aii ,,xxii4 ,quasi-support] #bjj ,,xxiii4 ,%ields accompani$ by badges #bjb ,,xxiv4 ,%ields accompani$ by badges #bjc ,,xxv4 ,arms ) cr[n & support]s ( ,elizabe? ,wydville1 que5 ( ,edw>d ,,iv #bjh ,,xxvi4 ,arms1 support]s1 & badges ( ! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 #adee #bji ,,xxvii4 ,me?ods ( arrang+ %ields #bad ,,xxviii4 ,examples ( bann]s ( arms #baf ,,xxix4 ,ways ( uphold+ %ields #bah ,,xxx4 ,cr[n$ %ield ) support]s & badges ( ! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 #adhe #bhh ,,xxxi4 ,"r & wrong v]sions ( ! ,union ,jack #bdh ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,text ,,fig4 page #a4 ,tile ) ! arms ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii1 c4 #abee1 f ! *apt]-h\se ( ,we/m9/] abbey4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #cf #b4 ,%ield ( ! arms ( ,/4 ,edw>d1 c4 #abei1 9 ! quire ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #cg #c4 ,h]aldry on ! gateh\se ( ,kirkham priory1 ,york%ire1 built betwe5 #abhi & #abif4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,c4 ,c4 ,hodges7 #ch #d4 ,%ield ) curv$ b5d or ba/on ( ,h5ry de ,laci e>l ( ,l9coln1 c4 #abei1 9 ! quire ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #dd #e4 ,arms ( ,clopton1 f a brass c4 #adbj at ,long ,mel=d 9 ,suffolk #df #f4 ,h]aldic c&le-hold]1 etc4 f ! latt5 grate ab\t ! tomb ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii at ,we/m9/]4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 p4 #bch7 #ee #g4 ,fir$og ) armorial be>+s4 7,f a draw+ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,prtorius1 ,f4,s4,a47 #ef #h4 ,*imney-piece 9 ,tatt]%all ca/le1 ,l9coln%ire1 built by ,ralph "l ,cromwell betwe5 #adcc & #adee4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects1 #crd ,s4 vol4 iv4 #bda7 #eg #i4 ,pav+ tiles ) arms & badges ( ! ,beau*amps1 f ,tewkesbury abbey *ur*4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 ix47 #eh #aj4 ,seal ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 z admiral ( ,engl& 9 ,dorset & ,som]set 7#adfb7 #ei #aa4 ,h]aldic buckle f ! effigy ( ,rob]t "l ,hung]=d 7ob4 #adei7 9 ,salisbury ca!dral *ur*4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #fj #ab4 ,h]aldic buckle f ! effigy ( ,william "l ,b>dolf 7ob4 #adda7 9 ,d5n+ton *ur*1 ,suffolk4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #fj #ac4 ,enamell$ %ield ) ! arms ( ,ball>d on ! pr9t ( a maz] at ,all ,s\ls college1 ,ox=d1 c4 #adde4 7,f ,ar*ologia1 vol4 l4 #aea7 #fa #ad4 ,h]aldic pav+ tiles f ,tewkesbury abbey4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 ix47 #fc #ae4 ,%ield ) r\nd$ corn]s 7c4 #abei7 ( ,ri*>d e>l ( ,cornwall 9 ! quire ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bca7 #ff #af4 ,%ields ( ,engli% "w f ! tomb ( ,william e>l ( ,pembroke1 ob4 #abif1 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #fg #ag4 ,seal ( ,hugh ,b>dolf %[+ %ield ) squ>e corn]s4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bbh7 #fh #ah4 ,seal & c\nt]seal ( ,simon "l ( ,montagu1 ) %ield support$ by two be>d$ m5 & surm\nt$ by ! ca/le ( ,corfe1 ( :i* ,simon became gov]nor 9 #abih4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #fi #ai4 ,%ield ( ornate =m1 f a brass at ,/oke ,poges1 ,bucks1 #adgf #gj #bj4 ,head ( a doorway1 n[ 9 ,norwi* ,guildhall1 ) arms ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii1 ! ,city ( ,norwi*1 & ! ,goldsmi?s' ,company4 7,f ! ,norwi* volume ( ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute1 p4 #agc7 #gb #ba4 ,%ield ) engrail$ edges1 c4 #aebj1 f ! *antry *apel ( abbot ,?omas ,ramryge 9 ,/4 ,albans abbey *ur*4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #baj7 #gc #bb4 ,%ields ) ridg$ *>ges1 f ! monum5t ( ,guy "l ,bry51 ob4 #acij1 9 ,tewkesbury abbey *ur*4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #gd #bc4 ,armorial panels f ! ,george ,inn at ,gla/onbury4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,phillips7 #ge #bd4 ,%ield ) curv$ surface f an effigy ( a ,pembridge at ,clehong]1 ,h]e=d%ire4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #gf #be4 ,%ield f ! seal ( ,h5ry ,p]cy 7f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]7 ) well-drawn lion #gg #bf4 ,%ield ) a leap+ lion1 f a brass c4 #achj at ,felbrigge 9 ,norfolk #gh #bg4 ,%ield ) an eagle f a brass at ,great ,tew1 ,oxon1 c4 #adaj #gi #bh4 ,seal ( ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d1 #acda1 ) well-fill$ %ields4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcj7 #hj #bi4 ,%ield ) a griff91 f a brass ( #adje1 at ,b\ghton-"u-,blean1 ,k5t #ha #cj4 ,seal ( ,pet] de ,mauley ,,iv 7f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]7 %[+ a simple well-balanc$ %ield4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcd7 #hb #ca4 ,%ield ) a b5d c\nt]-fl[]$ f ! brass ( ,sir ,?omas ,bromfleet1 #adcj1 at ,wym+ton1 ,b$s4 #hb #cb4 ,%ield ) ?ree lions1 f a brass at ,/an=d ,d+ley1 ,b]ks1 #addd #hc #cc4 ,%ield ( ! royal arms done 9 boil$ lea!r1 f ! tomb ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales at ,cant]bury1 #acgf4 7,r$uc$ f ,vetu/a ,monum5ta1 vol4 vii47 #hd #cd4 ,%ield ( ! ,k+ ( ,france1 c4 #abei1 9 ! quire ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #he #ce & #cf4 ,%ields ) un*>g$ ord9>ies3 f ! brass ( bi%op ,rob]t ,wyvil at ,salisbury1 #acge2 & ! brass ( ,william ,holyngbroke at ,new ,romney 9 ,k5t1 #acge #hg #cg4 ,%ield ) a *>g$ b5d f a brass at ,kidd]m9/]1 #adae #hh #ch & #ci4 ,%ields ) engrail$ bord]s1 pla9 & *>g$3 f ! brass ( ,william ,grevel1 #adja1 at ,*ipp+ ,campd5 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire2 & ! brass ( ,?omas ,walysel1 c4 #adbj1 at ,:it*ur*1 ,oxon4 #ij #dj4 ,qu>t]$ %ield ( ,que5 ,eleanor ( ,ca/ile1 f h] tomb at ,we/m9/]1 #abia4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #ia #da4 ,arms ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii f 8 tomb at ,we/m9/]4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcj7 #ib #db4 ,%ield ) impal$ qu>t]s f ! brass ( ,pet] ,halle1 ob4 #adbj1 at ,h]ne 9 ,k5t #ic #dc4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,edw>d1 f ! tomb ( ,edmund duke ( ,york1 ob4 #adjb1 at ,k+'s ,langley4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 ii47 #id #dd4 ,seal ( ,humphrey ,/af=d e>l ( ,buck+ham1 ,h]e=d1 ,/af=d1 ,nor?ampton1 & ,p]*e1 z capta9 ( ,calais & lieut5ant ( ! ,m>*es1 #addb #ie #de4 ,%ield ( ,sir ,hugh ,ha/+s f ! ,els+ brass 7#acdg71 ) diap]$ maun* & a label ( ?ree pieces4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bca7 #ajj #df4 ,"p ( ! gilt-latt5 effigy ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales at ,cant]bury1 %[+ labels ov] bo? ! arms & ! cre/4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcb7 #ajb #dg4 ,diap]$ %ield ( ! arms ( ,v]e1 f an effigy 9 ,hatfield ,broadoak *ur*1 ,essex4 7,f a photograph by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,w4 ,galp97 #ajd #dh4 ,diap]$ %ield f ! seal ( ,rob]t ,waldby ar*bi%op ( ,york1 #acij1 = ! ,regality ( ,hexham4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bca7 #aje #di4 ,diap]$ %ield ( ! arms ( ,clun1 f ! monum5t ( ! lady ,eleanor ,p]cy 7ob4 #accg7 9 ,bev]ley ,m9/]4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,c4 ,g\ld+7 #ajf #ej4 ,diap]$ %ield ( ! arms ( ,p]cy1 f ! monum5t ( ! lady ,eleanor ,p]cy 7ob4 #accg7 9 ,bev]ley ,m9/]4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,c4 ,g\ld+7 #ajg #ea4 ,loz5ge ( arms f ! monum5t at ,we/m9/] ( ,frances ,br&on du*ess ( ,suffolk1 ob4 #aeei4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bbi7 #aaj #eb4 ,seal ( ,rob]t ,fitz,pain1 ) arms 9 an oval4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #aab #ec4 ,seal ( ,joan de ,b>re1 wife ( ,john de ,w>5ne e>l ( ,surrey1 #acjf4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #cah7 #aac #ed4 ,seal ( ,m>y de ,seynt-,pol1 wife ( ,aym] ( ,val5ce e>l ( ,pembroke1 #acbb4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #cai7 #aaf #ee4 ,seal ( ,maud ,badlesm]e1 wife ( ,john de ,v]e e>l ( ,ox=d1 #accf4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bbh7 #aah #ef4 ,seal ( ,maud ( ,lanca/]1 wife ( ,william ( ,burgh e>l ( ,ul/]1 & ( ,sir ,ralph ,uf=d1 #acdc-d4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #cbj7 #aai #eg4 ,! ,syon ,cope1 n[ 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum #aba #eh4 ,seal ( ,?omas de ,m\lton1 ) fan-%ap$ cre/ on helm & horse's head4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #abd #ei4 ,seal ( ,?omas e>l ( ,lanca/]1 ,leice/]1 & ,f]r]s1 %[+ wiv] cre/ on 8 helm & horse's head4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #abf #fj4 ,seal ( ,h5ry ( ,lanca/]1 "l ( ,monm\?1 ) wiv] cre/ & quasi-support]s4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #abg #fa4 ,seal ( ,rob]t de la ,w>de1 ) fan cre/4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #abh #fb4 ,seal ( ,walt] de ,m\nci1 ) helm surm\nt$ by a fox z a cre/4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #abh #fc4 ,seal ( ,sir ,rob]t de ,m>ni1 #acff1 ) cre/$ helms flank+ ! %ield4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #cha7 #acj #fd4 ,cre/1 etc4 ( ,sir ,john ,a/ley1 f a ,,ms4 c4 #adbj4 7,f ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lvii47 #aca #fe4 ,cre/ ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales1 #acgf1 ( lea!r & /amp$ gesso4 7,r$uc$ f ,vetu/a ,monum5ta1 vol4 vii47 #acb #ff4 ,fun]al helm & wood5 cre/ ( ,george ,brooke "l ,cobham1 ob4 #aeeh1 9 ,cobham *ur*1 ,k5t #acc #fg4 ,/all-plate ( ,humphrey duke ( ,buck+ham z e>l ( ,/af=d1 c4 #adbi4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #ace #fh4 ,/all-plate ( ,sir ,?omas ,burgh1 ,k4,g41 c4 #adhc4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #acf #fi4 ,seal ( ,ri*>d ,nevill ) sep>ate cre/s & support]s = 8 e>ldoms ( ,salisbury & ,w>wick #acg #gj4 ,seal ( ,william "l ,ha/+s1 c4 #adfa #adj #ga4 ,seal ( ,william de la ,pole e>l ( ,suffolk1 #adae #ada #gb4 ,/all-plate ( ,ralph "l ,bassett1 %[+ simple =m ( mantl+4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #adb #gc4 ,/all-plate ( ,sir ,san*et ,dabri*ec\rt1 ,k4,g41 c4 #adba4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcc7 #adc #gd4 ,/all-plate ( ,sir ,william ,arundel1 ,k4,g41 c4 #adba4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcc7 #ade #ge4 ,/all-plate ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick1 aft] #adbc4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #adf #gf4 ,/all-plate ( ,ri*>d ,wydville "l ,riv]s1 c4 #adej4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #adg #gg4 ,/all-plate ( ,hugh "l ,burnell1 c4 #adba4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #adi #gh4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,edmund1 f ! tomb ( ,edmund duke ( ,york1 ob4 #adjb1 at ,k+'s ,langley4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 ii47 #aej #gi4 ,cre/ f ! /all-plate ( ,hugh ,/af=d "l ,b\r*i] #aeb #hj4 ,two =ms ( ! same cre/4 ,f ! /all-plate ( ,ri*>d "l ,grey ( ,codnor #aec #ha4 ,helm ) cre/ & wrea? f ! ,ha/+s brass at ,els+1 #acdg4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #che7 #aeg #hb4 ,helm ) cre/ & torse & simple =m ( mantl+1 f ! ,h>sick brass at ,s\?acre1 #achd #aei #hc4 ,/all-plate ( ,sir ,simon ,felbrigge1 c4 #adba4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #afj #hd4 ,privy seal ( ,h5ry le ,desp5s] bi%op ( ,norwi*1 #acgj-adjf4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #cea7 #afb #he4 ,%ield ) o/ri*-fea!r badge f ! tomb ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales 7ob4 #acgf7 at ,cant]bury4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #dja7 #afg #hf4 ,seal ( ,?omas ( ,wood/ock duke ( ,gl\ce/] ) o/ri*-fea!r & ,bohun swan badges4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bdj7 #afh #hg4 ,fett]lock-&-falcon badge ( ! h\se ( ,york1 f ,h5ry ,,vii's *apel at ,we/m9/]4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #afi #hh4 ,cr[n$ rose & portcullis f ,k+'s college *apel at ,cambridge4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,j4 ,palm] ,cl>ke7 #agj #hi4 ,seal ( ,rob]t de ,clif=d1 ) arms surr\nd$ by r+s 9 allusion to 8 "m ,isabel ,vipont4 7,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]7 #aga #ij4 ,seal ( ,rob]t de ,toni z ,,*eval] ,,au ,,c+ ) ! arms encircl$ by swans & talbots4 7,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]7 #aga #ia4 ,seal ( ,oliv] ,bohun ) swans ab\t ! %ield4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #cba7 #agb #ib4 ,gilt-latt5 effigy at ,we/m9/] ( ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii1 p\nc$ ) badges1 etc4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bdj7 #agc #ic4 ,pi]s & ar*es 9 ,w+field *ur*1 ,suffolk1 ) badges ( ,mi*ael de la ,pole e>l ( ,suffolk 7ob4 #adae7 & 8 wife ,ka?>9e ,/af=d4 7,f a photograph by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,m>%all 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects1 #crd4 ,s4 vol4 iv4 #bde7 #agf #id4 ,*imney-piece 9 ! ,bi%op's ,palace at ,exet] ) ! arms & badges ( bi%op ,pet] ,c\rt5ay1 #adgh-hg4 7,f a photograph by ,hea? & ,bradnee7 #agg #ie4 ,gateway to ! ,dean]y at ,pet]bor\gh4 ,built by ,rob]t ,kirkton1 abbot #adig-aebf4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,a4 ,ni*olls7 #agh #if4 ,! gateh\se ( ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,j4 ,palm] ,cl>ke7 #agi #ig4 ,bronze door ) badges ( ,york & ,beau=t f ! ,lady *apel ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk]1 ,f4,s4,a47 #ahj #ih4 ,signet ) badge & cre/$ helm ( ,lewis "l ,b\r*i]1 #adbj #aha #ii4 ,seal ( ,hugh de ,v]e ) bo> badge & two wiv]s z support]s4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #aha #ajj4 ,signet ( ,william "l ,b>dolf 7c4 #adaj7 ) eagle badge d]iv$ f 8 arms #ahb #aja4 ,signet ) flote badge & ^w ( ,sir ,william ,oldhalle 9 #adeg4 7,f ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxvii4 #ccg7 #ahb #ajb4 ,seal ) badge 7a gray or badg]7 ( ,ri*>d "l ,grey ( ,codnor1 #acib #ahc #ajc4 ,seal ( ,?omas "l ,/anley z e>l ( ,d]by & s5es*al ( ,macclesfield1 #adhe1 ) ! eagle's claw badge ( ,/anley & ! legs ( ! ,isle ( ,man #ahc #ajd4 ,daisy plant 7m>gu]ite7 badge ( ! ,lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 f ,h5ry ,,vii's *apel at ,we/m9/]4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #ahd #aje4 ,"p ( ! brass at ,exet] ( canon ,william ,langeton1 k9sman ( ,edw>d ,/af=d bi%op ( ,exet]1 #adac1 9 cope ) an orphrey ( ,x's & ,/af=d knots #ahe #ajf4 ,elb[-piece & ,b\r*i] knot f ! brass ( ,sir ,humphrey ,b\r*i]1 ob4 #adga1 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur* #ahf #ajg4 ,alaba/] tomb & effigy ( ,edw>d ,/af=d e>l ( ,wilt%ire1 ob4 #adih1 9 ,l[ick *ur*1 ,nor?ampton%ire4 7,f ! ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 lxi4 #bcc7 #ahg #ajh4 ,rebus ( abbot ,rob]t ,kirkton f ! ,dean]y ,gate at ,pet]bor\gh4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #bie7 #ahh #aji4 ,rebus ( ,?omas ,beck+ton bi%op ( ,ba? & ,wells1 #adgg4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #bif7 #ahh #aaj4 ,rebus ( ,john ,islip abbot ( ,we/m9/]1 f 8 *antry *apel4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #ahi #aaa4 ,oriel w9d[ 9 ! ,dean]y at ,wells ) badges ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 & badges & rebuses ( ,dean ,gun?orpe4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,phillips7 #aij #aab4 ,arms & rebus ( ,sir ,john ,pe*y1 ob4 #aebb1 f pa9t$ glass 9 ,lull+/one *ur*1 ,k5t4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #aia #aac4 ,seal ( ,john de ,m\n slung f an eagle & flank$ by two leop>ds4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #aie #aad4 ,seal ( ,alan la ,s\*e 9 #acja4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bbh7 #aif #aae4 ,seal ( ,john ,beau*amp ( ,hac*e1 ) %ield on brea/ ( an eagle4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #aig #aaf4 ,seal ( ,william de ,f]r]s ) %ield ^u an eagle ) two heads4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] #aig #aag4 ,seal ( ,edmund ,mortim] e>l ( ,m>* & ,ul/]1 #adjj1 ) rampant leop>d support]s4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #djg7 #bja #aah4 ,seal ( ,sir ,william ,w9dsor1 #acha1 ) eagle support]s4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #chb7 #bja #aai4 ,seal ( ,william de la ,pole duke ( ,suffolk1 #addh #bjb #abj4 ,seal ( ,john ,nevill "l ,montagu1 #adfa #bjc #aba4 ,seal ( ,william "l ,ha/+s1 c4 #adfa #bjd #abb4 ,seal ( ,john "l ,talbot & ,furnival1 #adjf #bje #abc4 ,seal ( ,george duke ( ,cl>5ce & "l ( ,ri*mond1 #adfb1 ) black bulls ( ,cl>e support+ 8 cre/$ helm #bjg #abd4 ,seal ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick1 #adja4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #ddh7 #bjh #abe4 ,seal ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick & ( ,albem>le & "l ,desp5s]1 #adba #bji #abf4 ,seal ( ,edmund duke ( ,som]set = ! t[n ( ,bayeux1 c4 #adde4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcd7 #baj #abg4 ,seal ( ,cecily ,nevill1 wife ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,york & "m ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 #adfa4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bce7 #bab #abh4 ,arms & support]s1 a dragon & a greyh\nd1 ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii 9 ,k+'s ,college *apel at ,cambridge4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,j4 ,palm] ,cl>ke7 #bac #abi4 ,seal ( ! ,mayoralty ( ,calais4 7,f ,ar*ologia1 vol4 liii4 #cbg7 #bae #acj4 ,seal ( ,walt] "l ,hung]=d ) bann]s ( ,heytesbury & ,hussey or ,homet1 c4 #adbj #baf #aca4 ,knights ) bann]s1 f an illum9ation #bbj #acb4 ,seal ( ,walt] "l ,hung]=d ) bann]s4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #cia7 #bba #acc4 ,"p ( ! seal ( ,m>g>et lady ,hung]=d1 ) impal$ bann] held up by a lion4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,no4 #djf7 #bbb #acd4 ,tomb ( ,lewis ,robs>t "l ,b\r*i]1 ,k4,g4 ob4 #adca1 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*1 ) bann]s ( arms upheld by support]s4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #bbc #ace4 ,! ,k+'s bann] or royal /&>d z n[ borne #bbg #acf4 ,/all-plate1 z a bann]1 ( ,walt] "l ,hung]=d1 aft] #adbf4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #bcj #acg4 ,/all-plate1 z a bann]1 ( ,ri*>d ,nevill e>l ( ,salisbury1 c4 #adcf4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #bca #ach4 ,/all-plate1 z a bann]1 ( ,sir ,john ,grey ( ,ru?91 c4 #adci4 7,f ,! ,ance/or1 vol4 iii47 #bcb #aci4 ,/&>d ( ,sir ,h5ry ,/af=d1 ,k4,g4 c4 #adge4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry ,no4 #dae7 #bcd #adj4 ,knights ) p5nons1 f an illum9ation #bcf #ada4 ,arm$ ,knights c>ry+ p5nons1 f an illum9ation #bcg #adb4 ,armorial vane on ,et*+ham *ur*1 ,sussex4 7,f ,sussex ,ar*ological ,collections1 vol4 ix4 #cdi7 #bdj #adc4 ,vane =m]ly ^u ! f9ial ( ! kit*5 ro(1 ,/anton ,h>c\rt1 ,oxon4 7,f ,a ,gloss>y ( 444 ,go?ic ,ar*itecture1 vol4 i4 #eje7 #bda #add4 ,"p ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii's g>d5 at ,hampton ,c\rt1 f a contempor>y picture4 #bdf #ade4 ,"p ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii's g>d5 at ,hampton ,c\rt1 f a contempor>y picture4 #bdg #adf4 ,%ield ( ,bry5 impal+ ,bures1 f a brass 9 ,acton *ur*1 ,suffolk #beb #adg4 ,lion ) a =k$ tail1 f a brass at ,spilsby 9 ,l9coln%ire1 #acia #bee #adh4 ,%ield ) ?ree pheasants1 f a brass at ,*eck5don1 ,oxon1 #adjd #bef #adi4 ,%ield ( ! arms ( ,sir ,humphrey ,littlebury1 f 8 effigy at ,holbea* 9 ,l9coln%ire1 c4 #acfj1 ) f9e examples ( h]aldic leop>ds4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,e4 ,m4 ,beloe1 ,f4,s4,a47 #beg #aej4 ,e>ly & mod]n v]sions ( erm9e-tails4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcf7 #beh #aea4 ,e>ly & mod]n v]sions ( vair4 7,f ,b\tell's ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ,nos4 #fa1 #fb7 #beh #aeb4 ,! ,g>t]1 f ! brass ( ,?omas "l ,camoys1 ,k4,g4 at ,trotton 9 ,sussex #bfa #aec4 ,pewt] m$allion ) ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 7,f ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxi4 #ada7 #bfb #aed4 ,%ield ( arms encircl$ by ! ,g>t]1 f ! brass ( ,?omas "l ,camoys1 ob4 #adai4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcg7 #bfd #aee4 ,%ields encircl$ by ! ,g>t] & a scroll1 f ! brass ( bi%op ,hallam 7ob4 #adaf7 at ,con/ance4 7,f ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 xlv4 #bcg7 #bfe #aef4 ,royal arms ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii )9 ! ,g>t]1 ( ,engli% "w1 f ! ,k+'s tomb by ,torregiano at ,we/m9/]4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #bff #aeg4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,george )9 ! ,g>t]1 f ! brass ( ,sir ,?omas ,bull51 ,k4,g4 e>l ( ,wilt%ire & ,ormond1 #aech1 at ,hev] 9 ,k5t #bfg #aeh4 ,cr[n$ effigy ( ,que5 ,eleanor at ,we/m9/] #bgj #aei4 ,cr[n$ effigy ( ,que5 ,joan at ,cant]bury #bga #afj4 ,helm & cre/1 & bu/1 ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick1 ob4 #adci1 f 8 gilt-latt5 effigy at ,w>wick4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bgd #afa4 ,effigy ( a lady1 c4 #abej1 9 ,sc>cliffe *ur*1 ,d]by%ire4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bge #afb4 ,effigy ( a lady 9 ,/a9drop *ur*1 ,durham4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bgf #afc4 ,?omas e>l ( ,arundel1 ob4 #adaf1 f 8 alaba/] effigy at ,arundel4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bgg #afd4 ,joan ,beau=t c\ntess ( ,we/morl&1 ob4 #addj1 f h] alaba/] effigy 9 ,/a9drop *ur*1 ,durham4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bgh #afe4 ,william ,fitz,alan e>l ( ,arundel 7ob4 #adhg7 f 8 effigy at ,arundel4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bgi #aff4 ,joan c\ntess ( ,arundel1 f h] effigy at ,arundel4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bhj #afg4 ,john ,hol& duke ( ,exet]1 ob4 #addg1 f 8 effigy at ,/4 ,ka?>9e's hospital1 ,reg5t's ,p>k #bhb #afh4 ,head ( a du*ess ( ,exet]1 f ! monum5t at ,/4 ,ka?>9e's hospital1 ,reg5t's ,p>k #bhc #afi4 ,alice du*ess ( ,suffolk1 ob4 #adge1 f h] alaba/] effigy 9 ,ewelme *ur*1 ,oxon4 7,f ,hollis's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bhd #agj4 ,armorial ensigns & badges ( ! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t f ! gateh\se ( h] f\ndation ( ,*ri/'s college1 ,cambridge4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,j4 ,palm] ,cl>ke7 #bhf #aga4 ,arms ( ! f\ndress1 ! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 ) yale support]s1 f ! base ( an oriel 9 ,*ri/'s college1 ,cambridge4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,j4 ,palm] ,cl>ke7 #bhg #agb4 ,armorial panel on ! gateh\se ( ,/4 ,john's college1 ,cambridge4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,j4 ,palm] ,cl>ke7 #bhi #agc4 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv f 8 alaba/] effigy 9 ,cant]bury ca!dral *ur*4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bia #agd4 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii f 8 gilt-latt5 effigy at ,we/m9/] #bib #age4 ,k+ ,edw>d ,,ii f 8 alaba/] effigy at ,gl\ce/]4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #bic #agf4 ,cr[n$ initials ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii f 8 ,lady *apel at ,we/m9/]4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #bid #agg4 ,?omas ,h[>d ?ird duke ( ,norfolk 7#adgc8-aeed7 ) ! coll> ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]1 f ! picture by ,holbe9 at ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 7,f ,g>d9]'s ,/ud5t's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 p4 #daj7 #bie #agh4 ,coll>s ( ,,ss #bif #agi4 ,coll> ( ,,ss f ! effigy ( ,william "l ,b>dolf1 ob4 #adda1 at ,d5n+ton 9 ,suffolk4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #big #ahj4 ,sp&rel ( ! tomb ( ,oliv] ,groos1 esquire 7ob4 #adci71 9 ,sloley *ur*1 ,norfolk1 ) coll> ( ,,ss #cja #aha4 ,coll>s ( ,,ss f ! effigy ( ,que5 ,joan at ,cant]bury1 & ( ,rob]t "l ,hung]=d at ,salisbury4 7,f ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #cjc #ahb4 ,coll>s ( suns & roses f ! effigy ( a knight at ,a/on1 ,w>wick%ire1 & ! effigy ( ,sir ,rob]t ,h>c\rt1 ,k4,g4 #adga at ,/anton ,h>c\rt1 ,oxon4 7,f ,hollis's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #cje #ahc4 ,sir ,?omas ,m we>+ ! coll> ( ,,ss3 f an orig9al portrait pa9t$ by ,holbe9 9 #aebg1 belong+ to ! late ,mr4 ,edw>d ,hu?4 7,f ,g>d9]'s ,/ud5t's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 p4 #chg7 #cjg #ahd4 ,head ( ! effigy 9 ,ripon ,m9/] ( ,sir ,?omas ,m>k5field ) liv]y coll> ( p>k-pal+s4 7,f a draw+ by ,mr4 ,rol& ,paul1 ,f4,s4,a47 #caj #ahe4 ,?omas "l ,b]keley 7ob4 #adag7 ) a coll> ( m]maids1 f 8 brass at ,wotton-"u-,edge1 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 7,f ,hollis's ,monum5tal ,effigies7 #caa #ahf4 ,silv] badge belong+ to ! duke ( ,nor?umb]l&4 7,f a draw+ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,prtorius1 ,f4,s4,a47 #cab #ahg4 ,waits' ,coll>s ( ,exet]1 ,k+'s ,lynn1 & ,norwi* #cad #ahh4 ,"p ( an embroid]$ alt> frontal ) a rebus at ,baunton 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,g4 ,cl9*7 #cbj #ahi4 ,c>v$ panel ) ! cr[n$ arms1 support]s1 & badges ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii at ,new ,hall 9 ,essex4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,fr$ ,spald+7 #ccc #aij4 ,pav+ tile ) arms & initials ( ,john ,lyte 7c4 #aece71 f ,m>t5 *ur*1 ,wilts4 7,f a draw+ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,prtorius1 ,f4,s4,a47 #ccd #aia4 ,arms ) cre/$ helm & badge 7a blaz+ ragg$-/aff7 (1 app>5tly1 ,sir ,john ,gulde=d ( ,b55d51 ob4 #aefe1 9 ,ea/ ,gulde=d *ur*1 ,sussex4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,aym] ,vallance1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a47 #cci #aib4 ,"p ( a b$-hang+ embroid]$ ) ! arms ( ,h5ry & ,elizabe? ,w5twor?1 c4 #aefj1 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,sir ,a4 ,w4 ,franks1 ,k4,c4,b4 #cdb #aic4 ,arms ( ,cotes1 f a maz] pr9t ( #aehe-f4 7,f ,ar*ologia1 vol4 l4 #agd7 #cdc #aid4 ,%ield f ! tomb ( ,m>g>et c\ntess ( ,l5nox1 ob4 #aegh1 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #cdd #aie4 ,a*ievem5t ( arms f ! monum5t ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,pecksall1 ob4 #aega1 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,david ,well]7 #cde #aif4 ,obv]se ( ! ,great ,seal ( ! ,republic ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 #afee 7r$uc$7 #cdh #aig4 ,arms1 etc4 ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se1 ,london4 ,f a wood-c>v+ c4 #afgj 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum #cdi #aih4 ,limewood c>v+ ) ! arms & cre/ ( ! ,trevor family1 c4 #agjj1 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum #cea #aii4 ,"p ( ! c>v$ oak ceil+ ( ! *apel1 =m]ly ! hall1 ( ,auckl& ca/le1 ,durham1 ) ! arms ( bi%op ,john ,cos94 ,date #affb-d4 7,f a photograph by ,mr4 ,h4 ,kilburn 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects1 #crd ,s4 vol4 iv4 #bgb7 #ceb ,,*ronological ,,s]ies ,,( ,,illu/rations pp4 #ced-djg ,,*apt] ,i ,,introduction ,defects ( ,mod]n ,h]aldic ,decoration2 ,appeal to ,fir/ ,pr9ciples2 ,engli% v]sus ,=eign ,s\rces2 ,def9ition ( ,h]aldry2 ,modes ( ,display2 ,col\rs & ,furs2 ,=mation ( ,arms2 ,divisions ( ! ,%ield2 ,e>ly ,au?orities3 ,seals1 ,monum5ts1 ,build+s1 ,wills & ,inv5tories1 ,rolls ( ,arms4 ,to ^? :o h giv5 att5tion to ! /udy ( anci5t h]aldry few ?+s are m surpris+ ?an ! imp]fect und]/&+ ( its true pr9ciples display$ 9 _! works by s _m arti/s & craftsm5 ( e degree4 ,ye> aft] ye>1 9 pa9t+s & sculpture at ! ,royal ,academy & o!r exhibitions1 9 ! ar*itecture & decorations ( our *ur*es & public build+s1 on monum5ts1 on plate1 jewell]y1 & ornam5ts ( all k9ds1 ! attempt to introduce armorial accessories1 ev5 by "s ( our be/ arti/s1 is almo/ always a failure4 ,9 s rec5t a "w z ! national memorial to ,que5 ,victoria be=e ,buck+ham ,palace1 ! %ields = ,scotl& 9 ! frieze ( ! p$e/al be> ! rampant lion only1 & ! di/9ctive d\ble tressure is aga9 omitt$ 9 ! ,scotti% qu>t] ( ! royal arms beh9d ! figure ( ,victory4 ,! sides ( ! p$e/al also be> fanciful %ields ( arms1 9 ! "o case ) ?ree lamps1 9 ! o!r ) "s allegorical device1 *>g$ on b5ds s9i/]6 ,x is only fair to say t ! fault appe>s to be n altoge!r t ( ! arti/ or craftsman1 b %\ld r be ascrib$ to ! disreg>d ( ! pr9ciples & usages ( true armory t p]vades s mu* ( ! pr9t$ lit]ature to :i* m5 naturally turn = in=mation4 ,he1 h[ev]1 :o w\ld "k some?+ ab\t h]aldic art mu/ g beh9d ! books to bett] s\rces ( in=mation1 & rid himself once & = all ( ! mod]n ca/-iron rules t cramp all attempts to improve matt]s4 ,he w !n soon f9d himself revell+ 9 ! delightful fre$om & playful common-s5se ( m$ieval armory :5 x 0 /ill a liv+ art1 & a sci5ce too1 utiliz$ = arti/ic purposes by e class ( work] & un5cumb]$ by ! ridicul\s conceits ( ,tudor & lat] times4 ,! appeal1 moreov]1 %\ld l>gely be conf9$1 if "o w\ld h :at is be/1 to our own l&4 ,9 ! beg9n+ h]aldry 0 mu* ! same 9 mo/ ,european c\ntries1 b 9 c\rse ( "t =eign armory became complicat$ by ne$less subdivisions & new me?ods ( expression & comb9ation4 ,x w\ld inde$ be fooli% to ma9ta9 t no?+ c be le>nt f =eign s\rces1 b 9 ! e>li] /ages ( /udy ,engli% h]aldry %\ld come fir/4 ,n only is x *>act]iz$ by a beautiful simplicity :i* cont9u$ practically un*ang$ until ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 b no o!r c\ntry outside ,engl& possesses su* a weal? ( examples ( its v>i\s applications1 & !y lie imm$iately to h& = purposes ( /udy & comp>ison4 ,moreov]1 ,engli% h]aldry s fully illu/rates ! g5]al pr9ciples foll[$ 9 o!r c\ntries t x is unnecess>y at fir/ to g fur!r afield4 ,h]aldry1 or armory z x 0 anci5tly call$1 is a symbolical & pictorial language ( unc]ta9 & disput$ orig91 :i*1 by ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 _h already be5 r$uc$ to a sci5ce ) a sy/em1 classification1 & nom5clature ( its own4 ,! arti/ic devices kn[n z arms1 :i* may be =m$ by prop] comb9ations ( ! col\rs1 ord9>ies1 & figures t repres5t ! lett]s ( ?is language1 _h ea* _! significance1 & soon came to be reg>d$ z ! h]$it>y possession ( "s p]son1 family1 dignity1 or (fice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,tile ) ! arms ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii1 c4 #abee1 f ! *apt]-h\se ( ,we/m9/] abbey4 ,! display ( arms 0 re/rict$ prim>ily to %ields & bann]s1 b occasionally to horse-trapp]s 7pls4 ,,xi ,b & ,,xii ,b7 & su* g>m5ts z jupes1 g[ns1 & mantles4 ,lat] on h]aldry came also to be us$ ornam5tally1 ei!r ^u %ields or )\t !m1 9 all k9ds ( ways1 9 ar*itecture & on monum5ts1 on tiles & 9 glaz+1 9 woodc>v+s & 9 pa9t+s1 9 wov5 /uffs & embroid]ies1 9 jewell]y & on seals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,%ield ( ! arms ( ,/4 ,edw>d1 c4 #abei1 9 ! quire ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 ,an e>ly in/ance ( ! use ( h]aldry 9 ar*itecture4 ,! col\rs us$ 9 h]aldry are r$1 blue1 gre51 purple1 & black1 or1 to give !m _! old names1 gules1 azure1 v]t1 purpure1 & sable2 comb9$ ) ! yell[ ( gold & ! :it5ess ( silv]4 ,orange 0 nev] us$1 probably on acc\nt ( ! difficulty ( f9d+ a /able pigm5t4 ,x 0 soon f\nd t = brilliancy ( effect ! use ( gold or silv] ) a col\r 0 pref]able to t ( col\r ) col\r or metal ) metal2 two col\rs are !re=e f\nd toge!r or sup]pos$ only "u c]ta9 conditions1 & ! same applies to ! two metals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,h]aldry on ! gateh\se ( ,kirkham priory1 ,york%ire1 built betwe5 #abhi & #abif4 ,imitations ( two furs1 erm9e & vair1 7 also us$3 ! "o ( :ite fleck$ ) little black tails2 ! o!r ( alt]nat+ oblong pat*es ( :ite & blue1 squ>e at ! top & r\nd$ at ! bottom1 to repres5t grey squirrels' sk9s4 7,see figs4 #aea1 #aeb47 ,if vair 7 col\r$ o!r ?an :ite & blue1 ! resultant 0 call$ vairy4 ,!re is also kn[n a black fur ) silv] erm9e-tails4 ,!re 7 nev] any exact rules z to ! p>ticul> t9t ( ! col\r employ$1 t be+ simply a matt] ( ta/e4 ,?us blue may range f a full indigo almo/ to ,cambridge-blue1 & r$ f a bright sc>let1 ?r\gh v]milion1 to a dull brick col\r1 & s on2 & x is surpris+ to f9d h[ well quiet col\rs bl5d toge!r4 ,9 ! =mation ( arms ! m]e comb9ations ( col\rs & metals produc$ by v]tical1 horizontal1 or o!r divisions ( ! %ield 7 soon exhau/$1 z 7 qu>t]s1 *eck]s1 etc4 ,!re accord+ly grew q naturally ! fur!r use ( appli$ /rips or b&s bas$ ^u su* divisions4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>ty ,illu/ration3 ,p>ty-fessewise ,illu/ration3 ,qu>t]ly ,illu/ration3 ,pale ,illu/ration3 ,fesse ,illu/ration3 ,cross ,illu/ration3 ,p>ty-b5dwise ,illu/ration3 ,p>ty-saltirewise ,illu/ration3 ,gyronny ,illu/ration3 ,b5d ,illu/ration3 ,saltire ,illu/ration3 ,bord] ,illu/ration3 ,*ief ,illu/ration3 ,qu>t] ,illu/ration3 ,*ev]on ,illu/ration3 ,pile ,illu/ration3 ,orle ,illu/ration3 ,flan*es ,illu/ration3 ,paly ,illu/ration3 ,b>ry ,illu/ration3 ,wavy ,illu/ration3 ,b5dy ,illu/ration3 ,*ecky ,illu/ration3 ,loz5gy ,?us ! v]tical p>t+ ( a metal & a col\r kn[n z p>ty produc$ ! pale1 & a horizontal division ! fesse or b>1 & ^! comb9$ to =m ! cross sugge/$ by ! qu>t]ly l9es4 ,an oblique or slant+ p>t+ gave rise to ! b5d1 & ! cross+ ( two su* produc$ ! ,/4 ,&rew's cross or saltire4 ,a comb9ation ( ! l9es ( a saltire ) a qu>t]ly division produc$ ! v>i$ field call$ gyronny4 ,! bord] almo/ sugge/$ itself4 ,a cutt+ (f ( ! upp] half or head ( ! %ield yield$ ! *ief1 & ( a f\r? "p ! qu>t]4 ,"o o!r ( ^! appli$ pieces1 or ord9>ies z !y 7 call$1 0 ! *ev]on1 =m$ ( two /rips issu+ f ! l[] edges ( ! %ield & meet+ 9 a po9t 9 ! middle1 l ! *ev]ons =m+ ! ro( timb]s ( a h\se4 ,ano!r ord9>y 0 ! pile1 :i* 0 (t5 ?reefold ) l9es conv]g+ t[>ds ! base z 9 fig4 #gb4 ,sometimes a %ield 0 *>g$ ) "o ( small] size call$ a scut*eon1 & ! middle ( ?is 0 occasionally cut out to =m a void$ scut*eon or orle4 ,flan*es1 z !y are call$1 are v r>ely f\nd2 !y are =m$ by draw+ incurv+ l9es )9 ea* side ( ! %ield4 ,an ev5 s]ies ( pales yield$ a v]tical /rip+ call$ paly1 & ( piles1 pily1 :ile an ev5 numb] ( b>s became b>ry4 ,undulat$ or wav$ b>s =m$ wavy1 & sometimes paly & pily /ripes 7 also wav$ 7fig4 #ai74 ,9 e>ly examples ! b5d 0 (t5 b5d$ or curv$4 ,b5ds are s repres5t$ 9 "o ( ! %ields 9 ,we/m9/] abbey 7fig4 #d71 9 "s ( ! %ields ov] ! nave arcades 9 ,york m9/]1 & on a numb] ( monum5tal effigies4 ,a n>r[] b5d :i* ov]laid ev]y?+ 0 kn[n z a ba/on 7see fig4 #fj74 ,a numb] ( n>r[ b5ds produc$ b5dy1 b ! l9es 7 !n /raight4 ,a field divid$ into squ>es or *eck]s =m$ *ecky1 & :5 divid$ into :at are n[ call$ loz5ges x became loz5gy4 ,pales1 fesses1 crosses1 saltires1 bord]s1 & *ev]ons sometimes _h _! edges engrail$ by tak+ out ( !m1 z x 71 a cont9u\s s]ies ( bites sep>at$ by %>p po9ts1 & ! l[] edge ( a *ief or ! inn] m>g9 ( a bord] 0 (t5 ind5t$ l ! edge ( a saw2 b 9 e>ly h]aldry engrail+ & ind5t+ 7 int]*angeable t]ms4 ,an ind5t$ fesse 0 anci5tly call$ a daunce4 ,*ev]ons1 fesses1 b>s1 etc4 7 occasionally battl$1 ?r\gh ! upp] l9e be+ =m$ into battlem5ts4 ,a fesse 0 (t5 plac$ betwe5 two *ev]ons1 z 9 ! well-kn[n arms ( ,fitz,walter2 or betwe5 two v n>r[ b>s call$ cotises1 or pairs ( cotises call$ gemell b>s4 ,*ev]ons1 b5ds1 & pales 7 also sometimes cotis$4 ,cotises 7 (t5 ( a t9cture diff]5t f t ( ! ord9>y :i* !y accompani$1 & sometimes ind5t$ or dancetty z 9 ! arms ( ,clopton 7fig4 #e7 & ,gonvile4 ,! gr\nd or field c\ld be reliev$ by ! use ( vair or erm9e1 or by ! addition ( frett+ or trellis-"w or o!r simple means4 ,x 0 also n unfrequ5tly p[d]$ ) small crosses1 fleurs-de-lis1 or billets2 (t5 9 conjunction ) a l>g] *>ge l a c9qfoil or a lion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,%ield ) curv$ b5d or ba/on ( ,h5ry de ,laci e>l ( ,l9coln1 c4 #abei1 9 ! quire ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,arms ( ,clopton1 sable a b5d silv] & two cotises dancetty gold1 f a brass c4 #adbj at ,long ,mel=d 9 ,suffolk4 ,almo/ f ! beg9n+ e k9d ( device 0 *>g$ or pa9t$ ^u %ields1 ei!r s+ly or 9 multiple1 & ^u or ab\t su* ord9>ies z crosses1 *ev]ons1 & fesses4 ,birds1 bea/s1 & fi%es1 & p>ts ( !m l heads1 or feet1 or w+s2 fl[]s1 fruits1 & leaves2 suns1 moons or cresc5ts1 & />s2 fleurs-de-lis1 crosses1 billets1 r\ndels1 r+s1 etc4--all 7 press$ into ! s]vice4 ,! great rule z to col\r held good z reg>ds *>ges1 & x 0 n p]missible to pa9t a r$ rose ^u blue or a gold /> ^u silv]2 b a r$ rose ^u gold or a silv] /> ^u blue 0 q "r4 ,x has h[ev] be5 lawful at all times to place an ord9>y1 su* z a fesse or a *ev]on1 & :e!r *>g$ or n1 ^u a p>ti-col\r$ field l qu>t]ly1 *ecky1 paly1 or b>ry1 or ^u vair or vairy4 ,a qu>t]1 or a *ief1 or a bord]1 )\t ref]5ce to its col\r1 c also be add$ to any su* field4 ,conv]sely1 a p>ti-col\r$ cross1 fesse1 or *>ge ( any k9d is all[able ^u a pla9 field4 ,9 ! ,great ,roll ( arms1 temp4 ,edw>d ,,ii1 are in/ances ( two %ields1 9 ! "o case ( a r$ lion1 & 9 ! o!r ( a r$ f]-de-mol9e1 on fields p>ty gold & v]t2 also ( a silv] leop>d ^u a field p>ty gold & gules1 & ( ?ree r$ lions ^u p>ty gold & azure4 ,likewise ( a %ield ) ?ree lions erm9e ^u p>ty azure & gules1 & ( ano!r ) wavy r$ b>s ^u a field p>ty gold & silv]4 ,9 ! arms1 too1 ( ,eton ,college grant$ by ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi 9 #addh-i ?ree silv] lilies on a black field are comb9$ ) a *ief p>ty azure & gules1 ) a gold leop>d on ! r$ half & a gold fleur-de-lis on ! blue half4 ,k+ ,h5ry also grant$ 9 #addi ^! arms1 p>ty *ev]onwise gules & sable ?ree gold keys1 to ,rog] ,keys1 cl]k1 = 8 s]vices 9 connexion ) ! build+ ( ,eton ,college1 & to 8 bro!r ,?omas ,keys & 8 desc5dants4 ,%ields ) qu>t]ly fields (t5 _h a s+le *>ge 9 ! qu>t]1 l ! well-kn[n molet ( ! ,v]es1 or ! eagle ( ,phelip4 ,arms 7 sometimes c\nt]-col\r$1 by int]*ang+ ! t9ctures ( ! :ole or p>ts ( an ord9>y or *>ge or *>ges ov]ly+ a p>ti-col\r$ field4 ,?is (t5 has a v /rik+ effect1 z 9 ! arms ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital1 :i* are p>ty silv] & sable a *ev]on c\nt]-col\r$1 or ^? ( ,ge(frey ,*auc]1 :o bore p>ty silv] & gules a b5d c\nt]-col\r$4 ,sir ,rob]t ,f>nham bore qu>t]ly silv] & azure f\r cresc5ts c\nt]-col\r$1 or1 z ! ,great ,roll describes !m1 'de l'un en l'autre4' ,! t[n ( ,s\?ampton likewise be>s = its arms gules a *ief silv] ) ?ree roses c\nt]-col\r$4 ,9 draw+ p>ti-col\r$ fields x is z well to consid] :at are ! old rules ) reg>d to !m4 ,9 ! e>ly rolls a field b>ry ( silv] & azure1 or ( gold & sable1 is (t5 describ$ z ( six pieces1 t is1 ) ?ree col\r$ b>s alt]nat+ ) ?ree ( ! metal1 ?\gh b>ry ( eight & ev5 t5 pieces is f\nd4 ,paly ( six pieces is also a normal numb]4 ,b ! numb] ( pieces mu/ always be ev51 or ! alt]nate pieces w become b>s or pales4 ,! numb] ( squ>es 9 ea* l9e ( a *eck]$ field or ord9>y is also ano!r important matt]4 ,six or eight =m ! usual basis = ! division ( a field1 b ! sev5 on ! seal ( ! e>l ( ,w>5ne & ,surrey atta*$ to ! ,b>ons' ,lett] ( #acjj-a is n )\t its arti/ic advantages4 ,on an ord9>y1 su* z a fesse or cross1 !re %\ld be at lea/ two r[s ( *eck]s4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 z 9 o!r cases1 mu* dep5ds ^u ! size ( ! %ield1 & a l>ge "o c\ld obvi\sly c>ry ) advantage ei!r on field or ord9>y m squ>es ?an a small "o )\t infr++ any h]aldic law4 ,besides ! pla9 cross famili> to mo/ ( u 9 ! arms ( ,/4 ,george1 & ! simil> =m ) engrail$ edges1 !re is a v>iety kn[n z ! ragg$ cross1 d]iv$ f two cross$ pieces ( a tree ) lopp$ bran*es4 ,?is is (t5 us$ 9 ! s-call$ arms ( ,our ,"l1 %[+ ! in/rum5ts ( ,8 ,passion1 or 9 compositions associat$ !re)1 z 9 ! cross ) ! ?ree cr[n$ nails =m+ ! arms ( ! t[n ( ,col*e/]4 ,sev]al o!r =ms ( cross h also be5 us$4 ,! mo/ popul> ( ^! is t ) splay$ or spread+ ends1 (t5 split into ?ree divisions1 call$ ! cross paty1 :i* appe>s 9 ! arms ( ,/4 ,edw>d 7see figs4 #b & #dc74 ,x is practically ! same z ! cross call$ patonce1 flory1 or fleury1 ^! be+ names appli$ to m]e v>iations ( draw+4 ,! cross ) les *efs flurettes ( ! ,great ,roll seems to h be5 "o fl[]$1 or ) fleurs-de-lis1 at ! ends4 ,ano!r fav\rite cross 0 t ) =k$ or split ends1 =m$ ( a f]-de-mol9e or mill-r9d1 sometimes call$ a cross f\r*e1 or1 :5 ! split ends 7 coil$1 a cross rec]cele4 ,! arms ( ,antony ,bek bi%op ( ,durham 7#abhd-acaj7 & patri>* ( ,j]usalem 7 gules a f]-de-mol9e erm9e1 & c]ta9 ve/m5ts 'wov5 ) a cross ( 8 arms :i* are call$ f]rum mol5d9i' pass$ to 8 ca!dral *ur* at 8 dea?4 ,on 8 seal ( dignity ! bi%op is %[n actually we>+ su* a ve/m5t ( 8 arms4 ,! tau or ,/4 ,an?ony's cross also occurs 9 "s late fifte5? c5tury arms4 ,! small crosses ) :i* ! field ( a %ield 0 sometimes p[d]$ 7 usually :at are n[ call$ crosslets1 b ) r\nd$ in/ead ( ! mod]n squ>$ angles1 z 9 ! ,beau*amp arms 7fig4 #ad71 & a field p[d]$ ) ^! 0 simply call$ crusily4 ,b ! p[d]+ sometimes consi/$ ( crosses paty1 or =my z !y 7 also /yl$1 z 9 ! arms ( ,b]keley1 or ( ! cross ) crut*$ ends call$ a cross pot5t1 l t 9 ! arms ( ! ,k+dom ( ,j]usalem4 ,^! crosses (t5 _h a spik$ foot1 z if = fix+ !m 9 ! gr\nd1 & 7 !n fur!r describ$ z fit*y or crosses fixable4 ,s9ce ! elucidation ( ! arti/ic r ?an ! sci5tific side ( h]aldry is ! object ( ?is pres5t "w1 x is advisable to %[ h[ x may be/ be /udi$4 ,! arti/ic treatm5t ( h]aldry c only be taught imp]fectly by means ( books1 & x is f> bett] t ! /ud5t %\ld be 8 own tea*] by consult+ su* good examples ( h]aldic art z may commonly be f\nd nigh at h&4 ,he may1 h[ev]1 fir/ equip himself to advantage ) a prop] grasp ( ! subject by read+ c>efully ! admirable article on ,h]aldry1 by ,mr4 ,oswald ,b>ron1 9 ! new 7elev5?7 edition ( ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 ,! e>lie/ & be/ ( arti/ic au?orities are h]aldic seals4 ,^! came into common use t[>ds ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury1 mu* at ! same "t t armory itself became a ?+ ( life1 & !y 7 con/antly be+ engrav$ = m51 & ev5 = wom51 :o bore & us$ arms1 & = corporate bodies entitl$ to h seals4 ,moreov]1 s9ce e seal 0 produc$ "u ! direction ( its own] & cont9ually us$ by him1 ! h]aldry display$ on seals has a p]sonal int]e/ ( ! greate/ value1 z %[+ n only :at arms ! own] bore1 b h[ !y 7 int5d$ to be se54 ,f seals may be le>nt ! diff]5t %apes ( %ields1 & ! times ( _! *anges ( fa%ion2 ! me?ods ( depict+ cre/s2 ! orig9 & use ( support]s2 ! treatm5t ( ! 'words' & 'reasons' n[ call$ mottoes2 ! v>i\s ways ( comb9+ arms to indicate alliances1 k9%ips1 & (ficial connexions2 & ! _m o!r effective ways 9 :i* h]aldry may be treat$ arti/ically )\t break+ ! rigid rules ( its sci5tific side4 ,seals1 un=tunately1 ow+ to _! inaccessibility1 are n s g5]ally available = purposes ( /udy z "s o!r au?orities4 ,!y are consequ5tly comp>atively little kn[n4 ,f9e s]ies1 bo? ( orig9al impressions & ca/s1 are on exhibition 9 ! ,briti% & ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museums1 & 9 n a few local museums also1#a b ! great collection 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is practically ! only public "o t c be utiliz$ to any ext5t by ! h]aldic /ud5t1 & !n "u ! limitation ( apply+ = ea* seal by a sep>ate ticket4 #a ,x w\ld surely n be a matt] ( mu* difficulty or exp5se to equip ! lead+ s*ools ( art 9 ?is c\ntry ) sets ( ca/s ( ^! beautiful objects4 ,! _m examples ( armorial seals illu/rat$ 9 ! pres5t "w w give ! /ud5t a good idea ( _! importance & high arti/ic excell5ce4 ,next to ! h]aldry on seals1 t display$ on tombs & monum5ts1 & 9 comb9ation ) ar*itecture1 may be /udi$1 &1 ( c\rse1 ) great] ease1 s9ce su* a numb] ( examples is available4 ,_m a village *ur* is comp>atively z ri* 9 h]aldry z ! abbey *ur*es ( ,we/m9/] & ,/4 ,albans1 or ! m9/]s ( ,l9coln & ,york & ,bev]ley4 ,x is to ! c\ntry *ur*1 too1 t we may (t5 look = lovely examples ( old h]aldic glass1 :i* has escap$ ! de/ruction ( o!r subjects t 7 deem$ m sup]/iti\s 7pls4 ,i1 ,,ii1 & ,,iii74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,,arms ,,( ,,milton ,,abbey ,,f ,a ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,ibb]ton ,,*ur* ,,dorset1 ,c4 #adge 7,,f ,,ar*aeologia1 ,,vol4 ,,xlvii47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,%ields ,,9 ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,,( ,,! #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,) ,,! ,,arms ,,( 7#a7 ,,john1 ,,e>l ,,( ,,k5t 7#b7 ,,john ,,( ,,gaunt ,,z ,,k+ ,,( ,,ca/ile1 ,,& 7#c7 ,,sir ,,william ,,arundel1 ,k4,g43 ,,9 ,,! ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,%ields ,,9 ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,,( ,,! #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,) ,,! ,,arms ,,( 7#a7 ,,m[bray 7#b7 ,,beau*amp1 ,,& 7#c7 ,,audley3 ,,9 ,,! ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum4 ,b ! /ud5t is n re/rict$ to ecclesia/ical build+s 9 8 se>* = good examples ( h]aldry4 ,inasmu* z !re nev] 0 su* a ?+ z an ecclesia/ical /yle1 x 0 q immat]ial to ! m$ieval ma/] masons :e!r !y 7 call$ 9 to build a *ur* or a gateh\se1 a ca/le or a mansion1 a b>n or a bridge4 ,! ma/] c>p5t] work$ 9 ! same way ^u a rood l(t or a pew end z ^u ! scre5 or ! c(f] 9 ! h\se ( ! "l2 ! glazi] fill$ alike ) 8 col\r$ transp>5cies ! bay ( ! hall1 ! w9d[ ( ! *apel1 or t ( ! m9/] or ! abbey2 & ! til] sold 8 w>es to sacri/1 *ur*w>d51 or squire alike4 ,! applications ( h]aldry to ar*itecture are s num]\s t x is n easy to deal ) !m 9 any degree ( connexion4 ,%ields ( arms1 badges1 cre/s1 & support]s are freely us$ 9 e conceivable way1 & on e reasonable place3 on gateh\ses 7figs4 #c1 #ie1 #if7 & t[]s1 on por*es & doorways1 9 w9d[s & on walls1 on pl9?s1 buttresses1 & p9nacles1 on cornice1 frieze1 & p>apet1 on *imney-pieces 7figs4 #h1 #id7 & sp&rels1 on vaults & ro(s1 on woodwork1 metalwork 7figs4 #f1 #g71 & furniture ( all k9ds1 on tombs1 fonts1 pulpits1 scre5s1 & c(f]s1 9 pa9t+1 9 glass1 & on ! tiles ( ! floor 7figs4 #a1 #i1 #ad74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,h]aldic c&le-hold]1 etc4 f ! latt5 grate ab\t ! tomb ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii at ,we/m9/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,fir$og ) armorial be>+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,*imney-piece 9 ,tatt]%all ca/le1 ,l9coln%ire1 built by ,ralph "l ,cromwell betwe5 #adcc & #adee1 ) %ields ( arms & treasur]'s purse & motto4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,pav+ tiles ) arms & badges ( ! ,beau*amps1 f ,tewkesbury abbey *ur*4 ,?\gh actual examples are n[ r>e1 we "k f pictures & monum5ts1 & ! tantaliz+ descriptions 9 inv5tories1 to h[ l>ge an ext5t h]aldry 0 us$ 9 embroid]y & wov5 "w1 on c>pets & hang+s1 on copes & frontals1 on g[ns1 mantles1 & jupes1 on trapp]s & 9 bann]s1 & ev5 on ! sails ( %ips 7fig4 #aj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,seal ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 z admiral ( ,engl& 9 ,dorset & ,som]set 7#adfb71 ) arms on ! ma9sail ( ! %ip4 ,wills & inv5tories also tell u t 9 jewell]y & goldsmi?s' "w 7see figs4 #aa & #ab7 h]aldry play$ a prom95t "p1 & by ! aid ( enamel x appe>$ 9 its prop] col\rs1 an advantage n always atta9able o!rwise 7fig4 #ac74 ,beautiful examples ( h]aldic %ields bright ) enamel occur 9 ! abbey *ur* ( ,we/m9/] on ! tombs ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii & ( ,william ( ,val5ce1 & on ! tombs at ,cant]bury & ,w>wick respectively ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales & ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick2 :ile 9 ,/4 ,george's *apel 9 ,w9dsor ca/le !re are actually ne>ly n9ety enamell$ /all-plates ( ,knights ( ! ,g>t] ( e>li] date ?an ,tudor times1 ext5d+ f ab\t #acij to #adhe1 & =m+ 9 !mselves a v]itable h]aldic /oreh\se ( ! highe/ arti/ic excell5ce4 7,see pls4 ,,xv1 ,,xvi47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,h]aldic buckle f ! effigy ( ,rob]t "l ,hung]=d 7ob4 #adei7 9 ,salisbury ca!dral *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,h]aldic buckle f ! effigy ( ,william "l ,b>dolf 7ob4 #adda7 9 ,d5n+ton *ur*1 ,suffolk4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,enamell$ %ield ) ! arms ( ,ball>d on ! pr9t ( a maz] 7c4 #adde7 at ,all ,s\ls college1 ,ox=d4 ,ano!r s\rce ( col\r$ h]aldry is to be f\nd 9 ! s-call$ rolls ( arms4 ,:ile h]aldry 0 a liv+ art1 x obvi\sly became necess>y to keep "s record ( ! num]\s armorial be>+s :i* 7 already 9 use1 z well z ( ^? t 7 con/antly be+ inv5t$4 ,?is seems to h be5 done by ent]+ ! arms on long rolls ( p>*m5t4 ,9 ! e>lie/ examples ^! took ! =m ( r[s ( pa9t$ %ields1 ) ! own]s' names writt5 ov] 7pl4 ,,iv72 b 9 a few r>e cases ! blazon or writt5 description ( ! arms is also giv51 :ile o!r rolls consi/ :olly ( su* descriptions1 z 9 ! well-kn[n ,great & ,bor\ghbridge ,rolls4 ,^! h a special value 9 supply+ ! t]m9ology ( ! old h]aldry1 b ?is belongs to ! sci5ce or gramm> & n ! art ( x4 ,! pictur$ rolls1 on ! o!r h&1 cle>ly belong to ! arti/ic side1 & z !y date f ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury onw>ds1 !y %[ h[ ! e>ly h]alds f "t to "t drew ! arms !y wi%$ to record4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,h]aldic pav+ tiles f ,tewkesbury abbey4 ,! ?ree upp]mo/ be> ! arms ( ,desp5s]1 ,b]keley1 & ,beau*amp1 & ! l>ge "o ! arms ( ,rob]t ,fitz,hamon1 ! f\nd]1 impal$ ) ! s+ul> cross ( ! abbey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,"p 7,,r$uc$7 ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly ,,roll ,,( ,,arms ,,belong+ ,,to ,,! ,,society ,,( ,,antiqu>ies ,,( ,,london4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,%ield ,,& ,,its ,,treatm5t ,e>ly ,=ms ( ,%ields2 ,lat] ,=ms2 ,%ields ( ,irregul> ,outl9e & ,surface2 ,! ,fill+ ( a ,%ield2 ,app>5t v]sus ,absolute ,uni=mity2 ,mod]n ,rules z to ,proportion2 ,! ,use & ,abuse ( ,qu>t]+3 its ,orig9 & ,gr[?2 ,diff]5c+ ( ,arms2 ,! ,scut*eon ( ,ul/]2 ,diap]+4 ,f ^! prelim9>y rem>ks we may pass to ! practical consid]ation ( ! pr9ciples ( h]aldic art4 ,& fir/ z to %ields & _! treatm5t4 ,! =m ( a %ield is 9 itself entirely arbitr>y & void ( mean+4 ,al?\gh x v>i$ f "t to "t1 ?is 0 simply a matt] ( fa%ion1 l ! %ape ( an ar* or ! patt]n ( a w9d[4 ,su* *anges mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be ov]look$1 = x w\ld be absurd 9 actual practice to use an ornate %ield ( ! /yle ( ! fifte5? or sixte5? c5tury = a lion ( 7say7 ! ?irte5? c5tury type1 or to fill a %ield ( e>ly =m ) *>ges *>act]i/ic ( a lat] date4 ,dur+ ! twelf? c5tury %ields 7 m or less kite-%ap$1 l ^? t 7 actually us$1 b 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury !y began to be %ort] & /raight] across ! top4 ,good examples ( ?is type may be f\nd on seals4 ,9 ! aisles beh9d ! quire ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*1 ! beautiful %ields 9 ! sp&rels ( ! wall arcade1 ( a date n lat] ?an #abei1 reta9 _! r\nd$ upp] corn]s4 7,see figs4 #b & #ae47 ,! next =m1 ) ! upp] corn]s squ>e 7figs4 #af1 #ag71 came into vogue 9 ! second half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & has cont9u$ always 9 use4 ,ow+ to ! ela/ic way 9 :i* its curves c be slightly alt]$ :5 requir$1 x may safely be adopt$ 9 g5]al practice4 ,9 ! e>lie/ examples ! curves beg9 at ! top1 or j bel[1 b lat] on !y 7 s /ruck z to increase ! area ( ! l[] "p ( ! %ield 9 ord] to make m room = ! *>ges4 ,9 "s f\rte5? c5tury in/ances ! sides cont9ue /raight ne>ly to ! bottom1 s t ! %ield is practically an oblong ) r\nd$ l[] corn]s1 l ! %ields ( ! royal arms on our co9age to-day 7fig4 #ah & pl4 ,,vi ,a74 ,a t5d5cy 9 ! same direction is n uncommon ?r\gh\t ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! same c5tury ! fa%ion began to prevail1 alongside ! o!r1 ( repres5t+ a man's arms on ! same irregul>ly %ap$ %ield t he 0 wont to c>ry 9 ! j\/s4 ,?is is z wide at ! bottom z ! top1 ) its outl9e work$ into curves1 & has on ! dext]1 or "r-h& side z borne1 a deep not* = ! lance to re/ 9 dur+ tilt+2 ! top & bottom ( ! %ield are (t5 subdivid$ into ?ree or m lobes or %all[ curves4 ,good examples occur on seals & monum5ts1 & "s ( ! ,g>t] /all-plates4 7,see pls4 ,v ,a & ,b2 ,,vi ,b2 ,,xvii2 & ,,xxiii ,a47 ,%ields ( a m ornate =m are occasionally to be met )1 l an example 7fig4 #ai7 on a brass at ,/oke ,poges ( ! date #adgf1 ) graceful leaf-"w curl+ ov] at ! top & bottom4 ,%ields simil>ly ornam5t$ occur on ! doorway ( a citiz5's h\se n[ built into ! ,guildhall at ,norwi* 7fig4 #bj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,%ield ) r\nd$ corn]s 7c4 #abei7 ( ,ri*>d e>l ( ,cornwall 9 ! quire ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,%ields ( ,engli% "w f ! tomb ( ,william e>l ( ,pembroke 7ob4 #abif7 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,seal ( ,hugh ,b>dolf %[+ %ield ) squ>e corn]s4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,seal & c\nt]seal ( ,simon "l ( ,montagu1 ) %ield ( unusual =m support$ by two be>d$ m5 & surm\nt$ by ! ca/le ( ,corfe1 ( :i* ,simon became gov]nor 9 #abih4 ,! quadrangul> signet displays a griff94 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,%ield ( ornate =m1 f a brass at ,/oke ,poges1 ,bucks1 #adgf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,head ( a doorway1 n[ 9 ,norwi* ,guildhall1 ) arms ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii1 ! ,city ( ,norwi*1 & ! ,goldsmi?s' ,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4--,examples ( %ap$ %ields4 ,a ,john ,tipt(t e>l ( ,worce/]1 #addi4 ,b ,william ,h]b]t e>l ( ,hunt+don1 #adgi4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,john e>l ( ,k5t #acea4 ,b ,john ,m[bray1 duke ( ,norfolk & e>l m>%al1 #addb4 ,,plate ,,vi4--,v>i\s %apes ( %ields4 ,9 ! simpl] =ms ! field ( a %ield 9 pa9t$ repres5tations is inv>iably %[n flat2 b 9 c>v+s1 & occasionally on seals1 a slight convexity1 or ev5 concavity1 is (t5 met )1 ! arti/ic advantages ( :i* x is unnecess>y to enl>ge ^u4 ,9 "s ( ! lat] ornate =ms1 l ^? describ$ above1 ! incurv$ or engrail$ edge is accompani$ by a field work$ ) a s]ies ( ridges & furr[s 7figs4 #ba & #bc74 ,! effect ( ?is may be good1 b !re is a dang] ( c>ry+ x to excess & s injur+ ! appe>ance ( ! *>ges4 ,if ! %ield be well cov]$ by ! be>+s on x1 x is g5]ally bett] to use "o ( simple =m ?an "o ) an irregul> outl9e & ridg$ surface2 b !re is1 ( c\rse1 no reason :y bo? =ms %\ld n be us$ concurr5tly 9 ar*itectural or o!r works1 z !y sometimes 7 ( old4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,%ield ) engrail$ edges 7c4 #aebj71 f ! *antry *apel ( abbot ,?omas ,ramryge 9 ,/4 ,albans abbey *ur*4 ,! same pr9ciple z ! ridg+ ( a %ield to relieve ! pla9 surface 0 also appli$ to ! ord9>ies ^u x4 ,an e>ly example may be se5 ^u ! tomb ( que5 ,eleanor at ,we/m9/]1 :i* has ! b5ds 9 ! %ields ( ,pon?ieu ridg$ along ! middle l9e4 ,! %ield borne by ,brian ,fitz,alan 7ob4 #acjb7 9 8 effigy at ,b$ale has ! alt]nate b>s ( 8 arms 7b>ry ( eight pieces gold & gules7 treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,ano!r in/ance may be se5 on ! effigy ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,:atton 7c4 #acbe7 at ,:atton1 ,notts1 9 :i* a b5d1 ?\gh *>g$1 is ridg$4 ,! %ields on ! tomb ( ,guy "l ,bry5 7ob4 #acij7 at ,tewkesbury 7fig4 #bb7 furni% typical lat] examples1 :ile dur+ ! fifte5? & e>ly sixte5? c5turies in/ances are z common z ! curv$ & ridg$ %ields describ$ above1 especially z reg>ds crosses & saltires1 z at ,/4 ,albans1 ! ,george ,inn at ,gla/onbury 7fig4 #bc71 & else:]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,%ields ) ridg$ *>ges1 f ! monum5t ( ,guy "l ,bry5 7ob4 #acij7 9 ,tewkesbury abbey *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,armorial panels1 ! middlemo/ ) ! arms1 support]s1 & badges ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 f ! ,george ,inn at ,gla/onbury4 ,9 monum5tal effigies ! %ield borne by a knight (t5 has a convex or r\nd$ surface 7fig4 #bd71 & 9 late fifte5? c5tury & ,tudor ar*itecture o!rwise flat %ields sometimes h ! middle swell$ out1 z on dean ,gun?orpe's oriel at ,wells1 9 a mann] v popul> 9 ,r5aissance "w4 7,see figs4 #aaa & #aie47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,%ield ) curv$ surface1 f an effigy ( a ,pembridge at ,clehong]1 ,h]e=d%ire4 ,a ref]5ce to a numb] ( good anci5t examples ( h]aldic %ields or bann]s w disclose ! c>e t has be5 tak5 to occupy ! field1 z f> z possible1 ) :atev] is plac$ ^u x 7figs4 #be1 #bf1 #bg74 ,a lion or an eagle1 = in/ance1 w h ! limbs & extremities s spread out z to fill e available space2 & ! same w be f\nd 9 e gr\p or comb9ation ( objects capable ( arrangem5t or ext5sion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,%ield f ! seal ( ,h5ry ,p]cy 7f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]7 ) well-drawn lion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,%ield ) a leap+ lion1 f a brass 7c4 #achj7 at ,felbrigge 9 ,norfolk4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,%ield ) an eagle f a brass at ,great ,tew1 ,oxon1 c4 #adaj4 ,ev5 ) mo/ unpromis+ comb9ations1 or a gr\p t _c be ext5d$ or modifi$ at all1 or ) a s+le *>ge l a fleur-de-lis1 or ord9>y su* z a b5d1 7fig4 #cj71 pale1 or *ev]on 7pl4 ,,viii ,a71 a judici\s adju/m5t ( proportions1 or "s equally common-s5se me?od1 enabl$ a m$ieval arti/ to make 8 %ield look well4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,seal ( ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d1 #acda1 ) well-fill$ %ields4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,%ield ) a griff91 f a brass ( #adje at ,b\ghton-"u-,blean1 ,k5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,seal ( ,pet] de ,mauley ,,iv 7f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]71 %[+ a simple well-balanc$ %ield4 ,ano!r po9t t may be notic$ 9 all old "w is t 9 %ields conta9+ sev]al simil> objects no two are exactly alike4 ,if ! *>ges be1 = example1 ?ree roses or ?ree r\ndels or ?ree lions 7fig4 #cb71 two w be plac$ 9 ! upp] & ! ?ird 9 ! l[] "p ( ! %ield4 ,b ! latt] w (t5 be some:at l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 & ^!1 9 turn1 w diff] slightly ! "o f ! o!r z !y d 9 nature4 ,s1 too1 9 a case l ! ?ree leop>ds ( ! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 :e!r display$ on %ield or 9 bann]1 no two are exactly alike1 b ea* diff]s some:at f ano!r 9 pose or 9 size 7fig4 #cb74 ,ev5 :5 ! same *>ge is repeat$ _m times1 l ! fleurs-de-lis 9 ! old arms ( ,france1 any possible *ance ( me*anical monotony is avoid$ by a trifl+ v>iation 9 ! %ape ( ea*1 z 9 ! %ield ( ! ,k+ ( ,france 9 ! e>ly s]ies at ,we/m9/] 7fig4 #cd74 ,ano!r fact is t 9 ! old "w l9es & curves are h>dly ev] q true1 b drawn by h& in/ead ( ) p5 or compasses4 ,! mod]n arti/1 on ! contr>y1 usually draws 8 l9es & curves ) me*anical precision2 8 *>ges are exact copies "o ( ano!r2 ! fact t !y d n fill ! field 7pace ! royal arms on ! co9age7 is to him q unimportant1 & ! f9al result is t "u no circum/ances w 8 "w look well4 ,ev5 9 old /5cill+ a pleas+ effect nev] se5 9 mod]n "w ( ! k9d 0 produc$ ?r\gh a n too rigid adh]5ce to a regul>ity ( application4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,%ield ) a b5d c\nt]-fl[]$1 f ! brass ( ,sir ,?omas ,bromfleet 7#adcj7 at ,wym+ton1 ,b$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,%ield ) ?ree lions1 f a brass at ,/an=d ,d+ley1 ,b]ks1 #addd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,%ield ( ! royal arms done 9 boil$ lea!r1 f ! tomb ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales at ,cant]bury1 #acgf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,%ield ( ! ,k+ ( ,france 7c4 #abei7 9 ! quire ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 ,ano!r cause ( ! bad effect ( mu* mod]n h]aldry is ! unnecess>y adh]5ce to ! rules laid d[n 9 "s ( ! textbooks & manuals z to ! relative wid?s ( ord9>ies & subord9>ies4 ,! old h]alds c]ta9ly did n fett] !mselves ) su* %ackles4 ,a *ev]on1 a b5d1 a fesse1 or a cross 0 drawn ( ! be/ proportion to look well 7figs4 #ce1 #cf74 ,if *>g$ x w\ld be wid] ?an :5 pla94 ,if plac$ betwe5 *>ges x 0 drawn n>r[]1 if itself un*>g$1 & ?us took its prop] relative position ) reg>d to ! size & arrangem5t or ! *>ges4 ,s1 too1 ) a bord]2 if un*>g$ or m]ely gobony 7i4e4 =m$ ( %ort l5g?s ( alt]nate col\rs7 or engrail$1 x 0 drawn v n>r[1 & ev5 if *>g$ x 0 n all[$ mu* great] wid? 7figs4 #ch1 #ci74 ,x ?us nev] unduly encroa*$ ^u ! field or o!r cont5ts ( ! %ield1 & yet rema9$ an arti/ic addition 9 itself4 ,! curi\s bord]+ kn[n z ! tressure1 :i* is almo/ peculi> to ,scotl&1 & famili> to u ?r\gh its occurr5ce 9 ! %ield ( our ,sov]eign1 is drawn suffici5tly n>r[ 9 all good examples to leave ample room = ! ramp+ lion x f5ces 91 & its frieze ( fleurs-de-lis is =m$ ( a good numb] ( fl[]s1 in/ead ( ! eight consid]$ suffici5t 9 ! royal arms ( to-day4 ,ev5 a *ief1 if necess>y1 0 enl>g$ f ! 'less ?an "o-?ird ( ! %ield' ( to-day to ! "o-half ( x1 or ev5 m1 z may be se5 9 "s ( ! examples ( ! arms ( ! mona/]y 9 ! abbey *ur* ( ,we/m9/]1 or 9 ^? ( ! t[n ( ,s\?ampton4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ! brass ( bi%op ,rob]t ,wyvil 9 ! ca!dral *ur* ( ,salisbury1 #acge4 ,f ! brass ( ,william ,holyngbroke at ,new ,romney 9 ,k5t1 #acge4 ,figs4 #ce & #cf4 ,%ields ) un*>g$ ord9>ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,%ield ) a *>g$ b5d1 f a brass at ,kidd]m9/]1 #adae4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ! brass ( ,william ,grevel 7#adja7 at ,*ipp+ ,campd5 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,f ! brass ( ,?omas ,walysel 7c4 #adbj7 at ,:it*ur*1 ,oxon4 ,figs4 #ch & #ci4 ,%ields ) engrail$ bord]s1 pla9 & *>g$4 ,ano!r feature ( e>ly h]aldry :i* x is well to be> 9 m9d is ! sp>+ use ( :at is kn[n z qu>t]+1 or ! me?od ( comb9+ 9 "o %ield ! arms ( two or m p]sons or families4 ,"o ( our olde/ in/ances ( ?is occurs on ! tomb ( ,que5 ,eleanor1 ! fir/ wife ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,i1 at ,we/m9/]1 & %[s h] pat]nal arms ( ,ca/ile & ,leon s arrang$ 7fig4 #dj74 ,ano!r e>ly example occurs 9 ! ,great ,roll1 temp4 ,edw>d ,,ii1 :]e ! arms ( ,sir ,simon ,montagu 7ob4 c4 #acaf71 silv] a fesse ind5t$ gules ( ?ree ind5tures1 are qu>t]$ ) azure a gold griff94 ,s long z ! %ield conta9$ only f\r qu>t]s1 ) ! fir/ & f\r?1 & ! second & ?ird1 respectively alike1 ! effect 0 (t5 good1 z 9 ! cases j not$1 or 9 ! beautiful arms ( ,france & ,engl& comb9$ us$ aft] #acdj by ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii 7fig4 #da74 ,!re are also _m examples1 z 9 ! well-kn[n be>+s ( ! ,v]es & ( ! ,desp5s]s1 :]e a qu>t]ly disposition ( ! %ield =ms ! basis ( ! arms4 ,b :51 z became common 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 qu>t]s 7 multipli$ or subdivid$1 ! arti/ic effect ( ! old simple %ield 0 lo/ or de/roy$4 ,z ! pr9ciple 0 fur!r ext5d$1 especially 9 ,tudor & ,/ew>t times1 ! result became m & m confus$ 9 appe>ance1 until ! field resembl$ r a piece ( col\r$ pat*work ?an a comb9ation ( v>i\s arms all m or less beautiful 9 !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,qu>t]$ %ield ( ,que5 ,eleanor ( ,ca/ile1 f h] tomb at ,we/m9/]1 #abia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,arms ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii1 f 8 tomb at ,we/m9/]4 ,! orig9 & gr[? ( ^! comb9ations1 :i* actually are p]fectly lawful & prop]1 & yet (t5 q accid5tal1 c easily be illu/rat$ by a few typical examples4 ,9 #achb ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii1 :o us$ ! same arms z 8 gr&fa!r1 a qu>t]ly %ield ( ,old ,france & ,engl&1 m>ri$ ,anne ( ,bohemia1 daught] ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,,iv4 ,z h] %ield 0 also a qu>t]$ "o1 ! comb9$ arms ( ! k+ & 8 que51 z %[n ^u h] seal1 =m$ a %ield ( eight qu>t]s 7pl4 ,,vii ,a74 ,?is 0 fur!r complicat$ ?r\gh ! lat] assumption by ,k+ ,ri*>d ( ! arms assign$ to ,/4 ,edw>d 7fig4 #dc71 a cross betwe5 five birds2 & ! eight-qu>t]$ %ield ) ?is clumsy addition at "o side may be se5 on ! ,felbrigge brass4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,que5 ,anne ( ,bohemia1 #achb4 ,b ,john ( ,gaunt's privy seal z ,k+ ( ,ca/ile1 #acgb4 ,,plate ,,vii4--,examples ( ,qu>t]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,%ield ) impal$ qu>t]s1 f ! brass ( ,pet] ,halle 7c4 #adbj7 at ,h]ne 9 ,k5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,edw>d1 f ! tomb ( ,edmund duke ( ,york 7ob4 #adjb7 at ,k+'s ,langley4 ,^! arms ( ,/4 ,edw>d 7 us$ = a "t duly 'diff]5c$' 9 conjunction ) 8 own qu>t]ly arms by ,h5ry ( ,lanca/]1 aft]w>ds ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv1 & are impal$ ) ^? ( 8 wife1 ,m>y de ,bohun1 on 8 seal 7#acii7 z duke ( ,h]e=d4 ,arti/ically ! lop-sid$ effect s produc$ is q unhappy4 ,_m fifte5? c5tury %ields %[ =?1 by ! simple qu>t]+ ( a man's arms ) ^? ( 8 wife or 8 "m1 8 succession or summons z a "l ( p>liam5t1 or 8 inh]itance ( great e/ates4 ,b ?is simplicity 0 gradually de/roy$ :5 ! add$ qu>t]+ 0 itself qu>t]$1 z 9 ! arms ( ,ri*>d ,nevill e>l ( ,salisbury 7see pls4 ,,xvii ,a & ,,xxii ,b71 or ! qu>t]+s 7 all diff]5t1 z 9 ! case ( ,humphrey ,/af=d duke ( ,buck+ham4 ,:5 b a ye> old he succe$$ 8 fa!r z e>l ( ,/af=d1 & on 8 "m's dea? he became e>l ( ,buck+ham1 ,h]e=d1 ,nor?ampton1 ,essex1 & ,p]*e6 ,^! dignities are duly display$ 9 ! qu>t]+s ( 8 arms on 8 seal1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,! qu>t]$ arms ( 8 "m1 = ! e>ldom ( ,buck+ham4 #b4 ,bohun ( ,h]e=d4 #c4 ,bohun ( ,nor?ampton4 #d4 ,/af=d 7fig4 #dd74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,seal ( ,humphrey ,/af=d e>l ( ,buck+ham1 ,h]e=d1 ,/af=d1 ,nor?ampton1 & ,p]*e1 z capta9 ( ,calais & lieut5ant ( ! ,m>*es1 #addb4 ,:5 ,h5ry duke ( ,buck+ham succe$$ 9 #adfj to all ! dignities ( duke ,humphrey 8 gr&fa!r1 he wisely elect$1 by ! advice ( ! k+s-(-arms1 to drop ! above qu>t]+s1 & to use only ! arms ( 8 great-gr&mo!r1 :o z si/] & heir ( ,humphrey duke ( ,gl\ce/] & e>l ( ,buck+ham bore ,france & ,engl& qu>t]ly )9 a bord] silv]4 ,ab\t #adcc ,m>g>et1 daught] ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick1 0 m>ri$ to ,john ,talbot e>l ( ,%rewsbury1 & %e !reupon _h a beautiful seal engrav$1 ) two l>ge %ields or arms hung side by side by _! /raps f a ragg$ /aff1 ! badge ( h] fa!r's h\se 7pl4 ,,xxvii ,b74 ,?is *>m+ composition is1 h[ev]1 q spoilt ?r\gh ! complicat$ treatm5t ( ! %ields4 ,"o ( ^! be>s ! arms ( husb& & wife conjo9$1 ! o!r ^? ( ! lady's fa!r4 ,! e>l ( ,w>wick's %ield is a qu>t]$ "o ( ,beau*amp & ,newburgh1 ) a small sup]impos$ scut*eon4 ,! e>l ( ,%rewsbury's arms also consi/$ ( f\r qu>t]s1 to :i* 8 wife add$ h] f\r 7omitt+ ! scut*eon71 & ?us made a pat*work ( eight4 ,a m rem>kable & equally accid5tal case may be illu/rat$ by ! brass ( ,sir ,humphrey ,b\r*i] 7#adga7 9 ! abbey *ur* ( ,we/m9/]4 ,?is displays f\r %ields3 "o has ! arms ( ,b\r*i] qu>t]+ ,lova9 & impal+ ! qu>t]ly arms ( ,b]n]s2 & ano!r1 ! six qu>t]+s ( ,sir ,humphrey's wife1 ,elizabe? ,tylney4 ,9 a ?ird %ield ^! are q prop]ly impal$1 ) a resultant ( f\rte5 qu>t]s4 ,9 ! f\r? %ield ^! are qu>t]$ toge!r1 & s produce a dreadful confusion ( tw5ty-eight qu>t]s6 ,x is n necess>y "h to %[ h[ ^! %ields might h be5 simplifi$ 9 !mselves1 b f ! arti/ic /&po9t !re _c be any d\bt t ! two fir/ %\ld at lea/ h be5 kept sep>ate4 ,! _m o!r examples to be f\nd 9 ! illu/rations ( ?is book w s]ve z useful rem9d]s ( ! great] advantage arti/ically ( simpl] treatm5t4 ,x is moreov] well to rememb] t 9 ! majority ( cases !re is n ! lea/ ne$ 9 actual "w to produce a great _m qu>t]+s 9 a %ield4 ,9 num]\s examples1 especially 9 ! sixte5? c5tury & lat]1 !y 7 assum$ m]ely = display1 & to r$uce !m to a reasonable few is (t5 a mo/ desirable ?+4 ,x is difficult )\t k ( individual cases to lay d[n any def9ite rules = deal+ ) qu>t]+s1 b !re c be no "q t 9 g5]al a %ield looks be/ )\t any at all4 ,9 ! case ( a man ) a comp\nd "n or title1 :o repres5ts m ?an "o family or dignity1 x w\ld be legitimate to add a qu>t]+ on t acc\nt1 b only ( ! actual arms ( ! family or dignity repres5t$4 ,x is h[ev] s h>d to draw a l9e or to re/ra9 ! wi%es ( cli5ts t ! fifte5? c5tury example ( ,h5ry duke ( ,buck+ham %\ld ev] be borne 9 m9d4 ,z soon z ! pr9ciple ( h]$it>y desc5t ( armorial be>+s became e/abli%$1 ! necessity arose ( mak+ "s slight diff]5ce betwe5 ! arms ( a fa!r & ^? borne by 8 sons4 ,?is 0 usually done by add+ to ! pat]nal arms su* m or less unobtrusive device z a label1 or n>r[ bord]1 or a small *>ge l a cresc5t or a molet4 ,! "l ,john ( ,el?am1 son ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,ii1 be>s ^u 8 tomb at ,we/m9/] a beautifully c>v$ %ield ( ! arms ( ,engl& diff]5c$ by a bord] ( ,france2 & "o ( ! sons ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii1 ,?omas ( ,wood/ock1 diff]5c$ 8 fa!r's arms by a silv] bord]1 z at an e>li] p]iod did ,edmund e>l ( ,k5t1 ! y\nge/ son ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,i4 ,! label is a n>r[ b& ) long p5d5t /rips or pieces1 usually ?ree1 b sometimes f\r or five 9 numb]1 plac$ ^u & across ! upp] "p ( a %ield 7fig4 #de74 ,x is n[ us$ to di/+ui% ! arms ( an elde/ son f ^? ( 8 fa!r1 b ?is 0 n always ! rule1 & y\ng] sons ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii & ,k+ ,edw>d ,i1 & at lea/ ?ree ( ! sons ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii1 besides ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 bore di/9ctive labels = diff]5ce4 ,anci5tly1 ! label 0 v n>r[1 & ! p5d5t pieces ( equal or ne>ly equal wid? ?r\gh\t1 ev5 :5 *>g$ ) devices1 z !y sometimes 74 ,! col\r 0 also a matt] ( *oice4 ,! fir/ ?ree ,edw>ds1 dur+ _! fa!rs' lifetime1 successively bore blue labels1 sometimes ( ?ree1 sometimes ( five pieces1 :ile ! y\ng] bro!r ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,i1 ,edmund e>l ( ,lanca/]1 us$ a label ( ,france 7blue ) gold fleurs-de-lis7 ( f\r pieces1 & ,?omas ( ,bro!rton1 second son ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,i1 a silv] label ( ?ree pieces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 ,%ield ( ,sir ,hugh ,ha/+s1 f ! ,els+ brass 7#acdg71 ) diap]$ maun* & a label ( ?ree pieces4 ,9 ! case ( ! sons ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales bore at fir/ a silv] label ( five & lat] ( ?ree pieces2 ,lionel duke ( ,cl>5ce seems to h borne at "o "t a gold label ) a r$ cross on ea* piece = ,ul/]1 & at ano!r a silv] label *>g$ on ea* piece ) a r$ qu>t] = ,cl>e2 ,john ( ,gaunt duke ( ,lanca/] bore an erm9e label = 8 e>ldom ( ,ri*mond 7pl4 ,,ii72 & ,edmund duke ( ,york a silv] label ) ?ree r$ r\ndels on ea* piece 7pl4 ,,xxi ,b74 ,! rolls ( arms furni% in/ances ( labels ( all col\rs1 & ) pieces *>g$ ) v>i\s devices1 su* z leop>ds1 eagles1 ca/les1 m>tlets1 etc4 ,diff]5c+ ) labels 0 likewise ext5d$ to cre/s1 & a good example may be se5 on ! monum5t ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales 7ob4 #acgf7 at ,cant]bury 7fig4 #df71 z well z 9 fig4 #aci4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,"p ( ! gilt-latt5 effigy ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales at ,cant]bury1 %[+ labels ov] bo? ! arms & ! cre/4 ,9 mod]n h]aldry ! label is (t5 drawn unduly wide1 ) %ort & ugly w$ge-%ap$ pieces hang+ f or /ick+ on to x1 & sometimes x does n ev5 ext5d to ! sides ( ! %ield4 ,! result is t in/ead ( its be+ a comp>atively unobtrusive addition to ! arms ! label becomes unduly conspicu\s & void ( all arti/ic effect4 ,! old way ( diff]5c+ by ! addition ( a cresc5t1 molet1 or simil> device 0 g5]ally c>ri$ out 9 q an arti/ic fa%ion on acc\nt ( ! c>e tak5 to place ! device agreeably1 a fav\rite position be+ on ! pr9cipal ord9>y or *>ge ( ! arms4 ,_m cadets ( ! great family ( ,nevill1 = example1 diff]5c$ ! arms ( _! h\se1 gules a saltire silv]1 by plac+ ! device on ! middle ( ! saltire1 & "s ( ! ,beau*amps plac$ ! diff]5c+ m>k on ! fesse ( _! arms4 ,9 o!r cases ! device 0 plac$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! %ield1 or 9 "s o!r su* po9t :]e x w\ld lea/ int]f]e ) or be conf\nd$ ) ! *>ges4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult diff]5ces an arti/ has to cont5d ) to-day is ! silv] scut*eon ) a r$ h& :i* is plac$ ^u ! arms ( b>onets4 ,its position ( c\rse v>ies1 & may (t5 be alt]$ ) advantage1 & x looks all ! bett] if drawn n unduly l>ge & ) a simple heat]-%ap$ %ield4 ,b "s arti/s wisely leave x out altoge!r4 ,9 ! case ( all devices introduc$ z diff]5ces x w g5]ally be f\nd advisable to draw !m to a some:at small] scale ?an ! *>ges already 9 ! arms4 ,9 _m anci5t h]aldic %ields1 especially 9 pa9t$ glass1 & to a less] ext5t 9 c>v$ "w & on seals1 ! pla9 un*>g$ surfaces ( ! field or ord9>ies are reliev$ by cov]+ !m ) ! purely ornam5tal decoration call$ diap]+ 7figs4 #de1 #dh74 ,an e>ly in/ance 9 relief occurs on ! %ield ( ! effigy 9 ! ,templ>s' *ur* 9 ,london usually ascrib$ to ,ge(frey de ,magnavilla2 & ano!r delicately sculptur$ example ( lat] date is to be se5 on ! ,v]e effigy 9 ,hatfield ,broadoak *ur* 9 ,essex 7fig4 #dg74 ,sev]al f9e in/ances ( pa9t$ diap]+ w be f\nd 9 ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies4 ,?is beautiful treatm5t has1 happily1 be5 l>gely reviv$ ( late ye>s by ! glass pa9t]s1 :o use x q successfully1 probably f ! ease ) :i* 9 _! case x c be appli$4 ,mod]n c>v]s use x v sp>+ly1 & ?is p]haps is z x %\ld be1 = diap]+ ne$s to be done ) great skill 9 sculpture to look well4 ,a c>eful /udy !re=e ( old examples is advisable1 9 ord] ?or\ghly to und]/& ! pr9ciples ( its application4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,diap]$ %ield ( ! arms ( ,v]e1 f an effigy 9 ,hatfield ,broadoak *ur*1 ,essex4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,diap]$ %ield f ! seal ( ,rob]t ,waldby ar*bi%op ( ,york1 #acij1 = ! regality ( ,hexham4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ diap]$ %ields 9 c>v$ "w occur 9 ! sp&rels ( ! spl5did monum5t ( ! lady ,eleanor ,p]cy 9 ,bev]ley m9/] 7figs4 #di1 #ej74 ,good in/ances are to be f\nd on seals1 & a numb] ( ^! are "h illu/rat$ 9 ord] to %[ ! prop] treatm5t ( diap]+4 7,see pls4 ,,viii1 ,,xii1 & ,,xxvii ,a47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,diap]$ %ield ( ! arms ( ,clun1 f ! monum5t ( ! lady ,eleanor ,p]cy 7ob4 #accg7 9 ,bev]ley m9/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,diap]$ %ield ( ! arms ( ,p]cy1 f ! monum5t ( ! lady ,eleanor ,p]cy 7ob4 #accg7 9 ,bev]ley m9/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,humphrey e>l ( ,/af=d1 9 #adbi4 ,b ,john ,tipt(t4 ,c ,elizabe?1 wife ( ,john la ,w>re1 9 #acic4 ,,plate ,,viii4--,examples ( diap]$ %ields4 ,x is ( c\rse to be borne 9 m9d t diap]+ is m]ely a surface decoration1 & x mu/ n on any acc\nt be emphasiz$ by any diff]5ce ( col\r f t ( ! field or ord9>y x relieves1 nor mu/ x be treat$ ) su* prom95ce z to r5d] x liable to be mi/ak5 = a *>ge or *>ges4 ,diap]+ c be repres5t$ effectively 9 embroid]$ "w by ! use ( fl[]$ or patt]n$ damasks1 z may be se5 9 ! bann]s 9 ,/4 ,paul's ca!dral *ur* 9 ! *apel ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,george4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,%ield ,,& ,,its ,,treatm5t 7cont9u$7 ,armorial ,be>+s ( ,ladies2 ,use ( ,loz5ges & ,r\ndels z v>iant =ms ( ,%ields2 ,arms ( ,m5 on ,loz5ges2 ,comb9ations ( ,%ields ) ,loz5ges & ,r\ndels ( ,arms on ,seals & 9 ,embroid]ies4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( ! %ield a few words mu/ be writt5 ab\t ! armorial be>+s ( ladies4 ,x has always be5 ! practice = ! daught]s ( a h\se to be>1 )\t diff]5ce or alt]ation1 ! arms ( _! fa!r4 ,?is practice has be5 dep>t$ f only 9 q mod]n times1 by ! addition ( di/9ctive labels to ! arms borne by our pr9cesses4 ,to ! mann] 9 :i* m>ri$ ladies h arrang$ or 'm>%all$' _! arms ref]5ce w be made lat]1 b x is necess>y "h to call att5tion to ! fact t x has be5 cu/om>y = a long "t to place ! arms ( wid[s & s+le ladies ^u %ields t are loz5ge-%ap$4 ,a good e>ly example is t f ! monum5t 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur* ( ,frances ,br&on du*ess ( ,suffolk 7ob4 #aeei71 %[n 9 fig4 #ea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,loz5ge ( arms f ! monum5t at ,we/m9/] ( ,frances ,br&on du*ess ( ,suffolk 7ob4 #aeei74 ,?is s+ul>ly inconv5i5t =m ( %ield1 ^u :i* x is (t5 impossible to draw ! arms prop]ly1 began to be us$ e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 us$ = or re/rict$ to ! arms ( ladies1 s9ce ! evid5ce ( seals %[s t x 0 at fir/ us$ to conta9 ! armorial be>+s ( m54 ,!re c likewise be little d\bt t x & ! r\ndel1 :i* 0 also *>g$ ) arms1 7 contemporane\sly inv5t$ by ! seal engrav]s z v>iants f ! ord9>y =m ( %ield2 & x is int]e/+ to note t ! majority ( ! examples occur on seals :i* h a backgr\nd or sett+ ( elaborate trac]y4 ,! r\ndel seems to h orig9at$ 9 ! cov]+ ( ! entire field ( a circul> seal ) ! arms ( its own]1 su* z ! leop>ds ( ,engl& :i* are s dispos$ 9 a c\nt]seal ( ,edw>d ( ,c>n>von z pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,two seals ( ,john ( ,gaunt duke ( ,lanca/]1 engrav$ probably 9 #acgb1 %[ a simil> treatm5t3 ! "o be>+ 8 arms impal+1 & ! o!r 8 arms impal$ )1 ^? ( ,ca/ile & ,leon 7pl4 ,,vii ,b74 ,! =m] commemorates 8 m>riage ) ,con/ance ( ,ca/ile1 & ! latt] ! duke's claim 9 "r ( 8 wife to ! k+dom ( ,ca/ile itself4 ,a l>ge enamell$ r\ndel1 p>ty gules & azure ) a gold *>bocle1 accompanies ! %ield & cre/$ helm :i*1 ) x1 =m ! /all-plate ( ,ralph "l ,bassett 7c4 #acij7 at ,w9dsor4 ,"o ( ! less] seals app5d$ to ! ,b>ons' ,lett]1 t ( ,rob]t ,fitz,pain1 is an oval fill$ ) ! own]'s arms 7fig4 #eb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,seal ( ,rob]t ,fitz,pain1 ) arms 9 an oval4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ examples ( arms on a loz5ge is on a seal ( ,?omas ,furnival1 :o di$ 9 #abgi1 & ano!r b little lat] is furni%$ by ! seal ( ,william de ,braose1 app5d$ to a de$ ( ei!r #abhb or #acad at ,magdal5 ,college1 ,ox=d 7pl4 ,,ix ,b74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,william ,paynel1 9 #acja4 ,b ,william ,braose1 8 #abhb4 ,c ,p>nell ,b5/$1 9 #acei4 ,d ,e ,elizabe? ( ,cl>e4 ,,plate ,,ix4--,use ( loz5ges & r\ndels ( arms4 ,t ( ,william ,paynel1 app5d$ to ! ,b>ons' ,lett]1 also has 8 arms on a loz5ge 7pl4 ,,ix ,a74 ,! fir/ seal ( a lady 9 :i* loz5ges ( arms occur is probably t ( ,joan1 daught] ( ,h5ry c\nt ( ,b>re & ,eleanor daught] ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,i1 :o m>ri$1 9 #acjf1 ,john de ,w>5ne e>l ( ,surrey 7fig4 #ec74 ,?is has five loz5ges arrang$ 9 cross3 t 9 ! middle has h] husb&'s *eck]s1 ^? on ea* side h] fa!r's b>bels1 etc4 & ^? above & bel[ ! ?ree leop>ds ( ,engl&4 ,! lady's desc5t f ,k+ ,edw>d is fur!r %[n by ! ca/les & lions ( 8 consort ,eleanor ( ,ca/ile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,seal ( ,joan de ,b>re1 wife ( ,john de ,w>5ne e>l ( ,surrey1 #acjf4 ,ano!r int]e/+ example1 ( a date ab\t #acbj1 is ! seal ( ,p>nel1 daught] ( ,h4 de ,grap5ell1 & wid[ 7#a7 ( ,john ,fitz,john & 7#b7 ( ,sir ,john ,b5/$ 7ob4 #acbc74 ,?is has 9 ! middle a %ield ( ! arms ( ,b5/$1 gules ?ree gold gemell-b>s1 betwe5 f\r loz5ges1 app>5tly = ,grap5ell & ,fitz,john 7pl4 ,,ix ,c74 ,contempor>y ) ,p>nel ,b5/$'s seal are two o!rs 9 :i* r\ndels are us$ in/ead ( loz5ges4 ,bo? are trac]i$ seals ( ,elizabe? daught] ( ,gilb]t ( ,cl>e e>l ( ,gl\ce/]1 & ,joan daught] ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,i & ,que5 ,eleanor ( ,ca/ile4 ,%e 0 ?rice m>ri$3 fir/1 ab\t #acjf to ,john ( ,burgh1 son ( ,ri*>d e>l ( ,ul/]2 secondly to ,!obald "l ,v]don2 & ?irdly to ,rog] "l d',amory1 :o di$ 9 #acbb4 ,"o ( ^! seals has 9 ! middle1 9 a %ield1 ,elizabe?'s own arms ( ,cl>e impal+ ,burgh )9 a black bord] b$ew$ ) te>s4 ,above & bel[ are r\ndels ( ,cl>e1 & on ei!r side o!r r\ndels ( ,v]don & d',amory4 ,9 ! int]spaces are ! ca/les & lions ( ,ca/ile & ,leon 7pl4 ,,ix ,d74 ,! o!r seal is simil>ly arrang$1 b has 9 ! middle a l>ge %ield ( d',amory1 betwe5 r\ndels ( arms ( ! lady's o!r husb&s above & bel[1 & ( ,cl>e = h] fa!r or h]self on ei!r side4 ,! int]spaces aga9 conta9 ca/les & lions 7pl4 ,,ix ,e74 ,f\r o!r e>ly seals ( great arti/ic m]it display+ r\ndels may also be describ$1 especially s9ce !y are app>5tly ! "w ( ! same engrav]4 ,!y are fill$ ) trac]y1 consi/+ ( a triangle enclos+ a circle1 :i* conta9s a l>ge %ield1 ) cusp$ circles on its sides conta9+ r\ndels or devices4 ,! fir/ is = ,m>y de ,seynt-,pol1 :o m>ri$ 9 #acbb ,aym] ( ,val5ce e>l ( ,pembroke 7fig4 #ed74 ,! %ield be>s ! dimidiat$ arms ( husb& & wife2 on a r\ndel 9 base are ! arms ( h] "m2 & high] up are r\ndels ( ,engl& & ,france1 out ( complim5t to ,k+ ,edw>d ,,ii & ,que5 ,isabel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,seal ( ,m>y de ,seynt-,pol1 wife ( ,aym] ( ,val5ce e>l ( ,pembroke1 #acbb4 ,! second is = ,john de ,bohun e>l ( ,h]e=d1 & has a l>ge %ield ( ,bohun ) r\ndels also ( ,bohun4 ,x 0 probably engrav$ 9 #acbb1 & be=e ! e>l's m>riage 9 #acbe 7pl4 ,x ,a74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,john de ,bohun e>l ( ,h]e=d1 #acbb4 ,b ,hugh ,c\rt5ay e>l ( ,devon1 #accd4 ,c ,h5ry ,/urmy1 "l ( ,sav]nake ,=e/1 #acee4 ,d ,elizabe?1 wife ( ,walt] ,b]myngham1 9 #acda4 ,e ,sibyl1 wife ( ,sir ,edmund ,arundel1 #acej4 ,,plate ,x4--,use ( loz5ges & r\ndels ( arms4 ,! ?ird is = ,ri*>d ,fitz,alan e>l ( ,arundel 7#accj-a71 :o succe$$ to ! va/ ,w>5ne e/ates 9 #acdg4 ,x has 9 ! middle a %ield ( ,fitz,alan1 & ab\t x ?ree r\ndels ) ! *eck]s ( ,w>5ne4 ,! f\r? is = ,hugh ,c\rt5ay e>l ( ,devon 7#accd-e-dj7or 8 son ,hugh 7#acdj-gg74 ,! %ield displays ! arms ( ,c\rt5ay & 9 ea* ( ! out] circles is a sexfoil 7pl4 ,x ,b74 ,to ^! examples may be add$ a fif? ( ab\t ! same date1 = ,h5ry ,/urmy or ,e/urmy1 "l ( ! =e/ ( ,sav]nake4 ,?is has ! ,/urmy %ield 9 ! middle1 betwe5 two r\ndels ( ! ,hussey arms1 & a ?ird r\ndel above ) ! t5ure horn ( ,sav]nake ,=e/ 7pl4 ,x ,c74 ,o!r seals t may be quot$ 9 illu/ration ( ! indiscrim9ate use ( %ields1 r\ndels1 & loz5ges dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury are ^? (3 7#a7 ,juliana1 daught] ( ,?omas ,leyb\rne1 & wife ( ,john "l ,ha/+s 7ob4 #acbe71 ) a %ield ( ,ha/+s impal+ ,leyb\rne1 encircl$ by six loz5ges ( arms indicative ( o!r alliances & desc5ts1 d]iv$ f ! fact ( ! lady hav+ be5 m>ri$ ?rice2 7#b7 ,elizabe? de ,multon1 wife ( ,walt] ,b]myngham1 ) ! %ield ( ,b]myngham surr\nd$ by six r\ndels ( o!r arms2 7#c7 ,maud1 daught] ( ,b>?olomew ,badlesm]e1 & wife 9 #accf ( ,john de ,v]e e>l ( ,ox=d 7fig4 #ee71 ) a %ield ( ,v]e betwe5 loz5ges ( ,cl>e1 ,badlesm]e 7h] fa!r & h]self71 ,cl>e ) label 7"m71 & ,fitz,payn 7fir/ husb&72 7#d7 ,maud1 daught] ( ,h5ry e>l ( ,lanca/]1 m>ri$ fir/ to ,william ( ,burgh e>l ( ,ul/]1 & secondly 79 #acdc-d7 to ,sir ,ralph ,uf=d 7fig4 #ef71 ) loz5ges ( ,lanca/] 7fa!r & h]self7 above & ,*awor? 7"m7 bel[1 & %ields ( ,burgh & ,uf=d 7husb&s72 7#e7 ,sybil1 daught] ( ,william ,montagu e>l ( ,salisbury & ,ka?>9e ,graunson1 ) %ield ( ,fitz,alan ) a label1 = h] husb& ,sir ,edmund ( ,arundel1 second son ( ,edmund ,fitz,alan e>l ( ,arundel1 betwe5 loz5ges ( ,montagu & ,graunson 7pl4 ,x ,e72#b & 7#f7 ,elizabe?1 wid[ ( ,sir ,gilb]t ,elsefield1 ) a loz5ge ( ,elsefield betwe5 f\r r\ndels ( o!r arms 7impression #achb-c74 #b ,impression atta*$ to a de$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #acej-a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,seal ( ,maud ,badlesm]e1 wife ( ,john de ,v]e e>l ( ,ox=d1 #accf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 ,seal ( ,maud ( ,lanca/]1 wife 7#a7 ( ,william ( ,burgh e>l ( ,ul/]1 & 7#b7 ( ,sir ,ralph ,uf=d1 #acdc-d4 ,alice1 wife ( ,?omas ( ,hesl]ton1 has on h] seal 7impression #acgd7 a l>ge loz5ge ( ! arms ( ,hesl]ton 7gules six silv] lions ) gold cr[ns7 )9 a quatrefoil1 outside ( :i* are f\r small bann]s ( arms ) m>tlets betwe54 ,la/ly may be not$ a seal ( ,rog] ,foljambe1 atta*$ to a de$ ( #acif-g1 hav+ a loz5ge ( 8 arms 7a b5d & six scallop %ells7 surr\nd$ by 8 ^w or motto4 ,b seals are n ! only au?orities = ! indiscrim9ate use ( r\ndels & loz5ges z well z %ields ( arms4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton is an enamell$ c(f] ( late ?irte5? c5tury "w decorat$ ) loz5ges ( arms ( ,engl&1 ,val5ce1 ,dreux1 ,ang\lme1 ,brabant1 & ,lacy4 ,! fam\s ,syon cope de op]e ,anglicano1 also 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 has ! exi/+ orphrey fill$ ) l>ge armorial r\ndels & loz5ges1 & its bord] is compos$ ( a /ole & fanon embroid]$ ?r\gh\t ) loz5ges ( arms4 7,see fig4 #eg47 ,*ri/*ur*1 ,cant]bury1 9 #acae possess$ an albe 'sewn ) loz5ges ) ! arms ( ! k+ ( ,engl& & ( ,leyb\rne1'#c & ano!r 'sewn ) ! arms ( ,nor?wode & ,ponyngg 9 squ>es'2#d also an albe 'sewn ) div]s arms 9 loz5ges ) purple frets ) a /ole & fanon ( ! same "w1'#e evid5tly n unlike ^? on ! ,syon cope4 #c 'consuta de los5ges cum armis regis ,anglie et de ,leyburn4' #d 'consuta de armis de ,nor?wode et ,ponyngg 9 quadrangulis4' #e 'consuta de div]sis armis 9 loz5gis cum frectis purpureis cum /ola et manipulo ejusdem op]is4' ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 ,! ,syon ,cope1 n[ 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,x may also be not$ t ! pill[s b5ea? ! head ( ! effigy at ,we/m9/] ( ,avel9e c\ntess ( ,lanca/] 7c4 #abge7 are bo? cov]$ ) h]aldic loz5ges3 on ! upp] "o ) ! arms ( h] husb& alt]nat+ ) ! lion ( ,r$v]s2 on ! l[] ) ! vair cross on r$ ( h] fa!r1 ,william ( ,=z e>l ( ,albem>le4 ,! gilt metal b$ plate "u ! effigy ( ,william ( ,val5ce e>l ( ,pembroke 7ob4 #abif71 likewise at ,we/m9/]1 is also cov]$ ) a loz5gy diap] ( ,engl& & ,val5ce1 /ill bright ) ! orig9al enamel2 ! workman%ip ( ?is1 h[ev]1 is probably ,fr5*4 ,! re/riction ( ! loz5ge to ! arms ( ladies has cle>ly !re=e no m$ieval prec$5t1 & !re is n any reason :y ! mod]n cu/om %\ld n be set aside :5 = arti/ic reasons a %ield or r\ndel is pref]able4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,cre/s ,orig9 ( ,cre/s2 ,e>lie/ examples ( ,cre/s2 ,ways ( we>+ ,cre/s2 ,! ,helm & its treatm5t2 ,mod]n use ( ,helms2 ,absurd ,cre/s2 ,use ( ,cre/s o!r ?an by individuals2 ,! comp>ative sizes ( ,helms & ,cre/s4 ,a cre/ 0 orig9ally1 z its "n rem9ds u1 a tuft or plume on ! head ( a bird4 ,su* a plume or tuft1 or bu% z x 0 (t5 call$1 0 fix$ 9 e>ly times z an ornam5t on ! top ( a helm1 ( :i* x ?us =m$ ! cre/4 ,o!r devices1 su* z c\ld conv5i5tly be s worn1 7 soon us$ = ! same purpose1 & l armorial be>+s became associat$ ) p>ticul> individuals4 ,9 lat] days :5 ! helm envelop$ ! :ole head1 ! cre/ play$ a useful "p 9 reveal+ ! we>]'s id5tity1 ?\gh 8 face 0 hidd54 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ sugge/ions ( a cre/ 9 ,engli% armory appe>s on ! second great seal 7( #aaih7 ( ,k+ ,ri*>d ,i1 ^: cyl9drical helm has a leop>d ^u ! cap ) two w+-%ap$ fans above turn$ 9 opposite directions4 ,on _m seals ( ! second half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 z1 = in/ance1 on ^? ( ,rob]t de ,v]e e>l ( ,ox=d 7#abfc7 & ,h5ry de ,laci e>l ( ,l9coln 7#abgb71 ! knight is repres5t$ z rid+ 9 full arm\r1 ) ! helm surm\nt$ ) a fan-%ap$ plume1 :i* is also repeat$ ^u ! horse's head4 7,see also fig4 #eh & pl4 ,,xi ,b47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4 ,seal ( ,?omas de ,m\lton1 ) fan-%ap$ cre/ on helm & horse's head4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,rog] ( ,leyb\rne1 ob4 #abhd4 ,b ,h5ry de ,p]ci1 9 #acja4 ,,plate ,,xi4--,e>ly examples ( cre/s4 ,an e>ly use ( a cre/ prop] is furni%$ by ! seal ( ,rog] ( ,leyb\rne 7ob4 #abhd74 ,?is %[s 8 %ield ( arms 7be>+ six lions7 hung ^u a tree1 ) 8 bann] 7*>g$ ) "o lion only7 beh9d1 & at "o side a helm ) lion cre/ 7pl4 ,,xi ,a74 ,?omas ( ,b]keley 9 #abie has ^u 8 seal a %ield flank$ by two m]maids & surm\nt$ by a helm c>ry+ a mitre = a cre/4 ,?omas e>l ( ,lanca/] 7#abif7 on two sep>ate seals has a wiv]1 or two-legg$ dragon1 ^u 8 helm1 & ?is aga9 is repeat$ ^u 8 horse's head 7fig4 #ei74 ,! seal ( 8 bro!r ,h5ry ( ,lanca/]1 app5d$ to ! ,b>ons' ,lett]1 also %[s 8 helm cre/$ ) a wiv] 7fig4 #fj74 ,two o!r e>ly examples ( cre/s on seals f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] are %[n 9 figs4 #fa & #fb4 ,sir ,john ,pe*e1 on a seal app5d$ to a de$ ( #acbc-d1 has 8 %ield flank$ by wiv]s & surm\nt$ by a helm ) squirrel cre/4 ,william ,montagu e>l ( ,salisbury 7#accf-g71 9 ! m\nt$ figure ( himself on 8 f9e seal1 has a demi-griff9 fix$ ^u 8 cr[n$ helm 7pl4 ,,xii ,b71 & ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii %[s = ! fir/ "t1 on 8 seal ( #acdj1 8 cre/ ( a cr[n$ leop>d /&+ ^u ! cap ( e/ate :i* surm\nts 8 helm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4 ,seal ( ,?omas e>l ( ,lanca/]1 ,leice/]1 & ,f]r]s1 %[+ wiv] cre/ on 8 helm & horse's head4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4 ,seal ( ,h5ry ( ,lanca/]1 "l ( ,monm\?1 ) wiv] cre/ & quasi-support]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,b ,,plate ,,xii4--,e>ly uses ( cre/s1 on seals ( ,william ,montagu e>l ( ,salisbury1 #accg-dd4 ,dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury !re is an int]e/+ div]sity 9 ! mann] ( repres5t+ cre/s1 :5 n be+ worn by _! own]s4 ,william ,montagu e>l ( ,salisbury %[s on 8 c\nt]seal 7pl4 ,,xii ,a7 8 %ield support$ by two griff9s1 & ensign$ by ! demi-griff9 issu+ f an op5 cr[n :i* 9 8 seal he c>ries ^u 8 helm4 ,john ,engayn1 9 #acdi1 has ^u ! upp] edge ( 8 %ield a wolf or fox walk+ "u a tree4 ,h5ry duke ( ,lanca/] 7#acda7 ensigns ! %ield ( 8 arms ) a cap ( e/ate surm\nt$ by a leop>d 7pl4 ,,xiii ,c72 & ,pet] de ,mauley1 ! six? ( t "n1 9 #acgi-hj has a seal ) 8 simple arms 7a b5d7 support$ by two ramp+ leop>ds1 & surm\nt$ by a fi]ce dragon brea?+ defiance 7pl4 ,,xx ,b74 ,9 none ( ^! cases does a helm appe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4 ,seal ( ,rob]t de la ,w>de1 ) fan cre/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,seal ( ,walt] de ,m\nci1 ) ! helm surm\nt$ by a fox z a cre/4 ,aft] ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ! cre/ is inv>iably %[n z "p ( ! helm4 ,! helm1 x is h>dly necess>y to say1 0 su* an "o z =m$ "p ( ! w> h>ness ( ! "t1 & 9 ! num]\s armorial repres5tations t may be f\nd on seals or on monum5ts or build+s x is almo/ inv>iably %[n 9 pr(ile4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 m]ely on acc\nt ( its be+ ! mo/ conv5i5t way ( display+ ! cre/1 &1 9 accordance ) ! usual m$ieval common-s5se1 examples are to be f\nd :i* %[ ! helm & cre/ fac+ ! obs]v]4 ,?us ,?omas de ,hol& 7#acec7 has on 8 seal a %ield ( 8 arms hung f a tree & flank$ by two front+ helms1 ea* encircl$ by a cr[n & surm\nt$ by a huge bu% ( fea!rs2 ,sir ,rob]t de ,m>ni 7#acff7 flanks 8 %ield1 :i* is also hung f a tree1 ) two front+ helms1 ea* cre/$ ) a tall pair ( w+s ris+ f ! sides ( a cap ( e/ate 7fig4 #fc72 ,sir ,/eph5 ,hales 7#acib-c7 on 8 seal has a c\*$ %ield ( 8 arms surm\nt$ by a front+ helm1 ) a cr[n ab\t x f :i* issue two f9e w+s2 ,rob]t ,deynelay 7#acid-e7 9 l mann] %[s 8 helm cre/$ ) two e>s ( a bat or h>e2 & ,walt] "l ,fitz,walter 7#adae-ca7 has on 8 seal a c\*$ %ield1 & on a front+ helm above a cap ( e/ate surm\nt$ by a /> betwe5 two l>ge w+s 7pl4 ,,xiii ,a74 ,ano!r example ( a front+ helm is %[n 9 pl4 ,v ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4 ,seal ( ,sir ,rob]t de ,m>ni1 #acff1 ) cre/$ helms flank+ ! %ield4 ,! pres5t cu/om ( us+ v>i\s types ( helm fac+ diff]5t ways to d5ote grades ( rank is comp>atively rec5t z well z (t5 inconv5i5t1 & utt]ly subv]sive ( ! prop] me?od ( display+ a cre/1 :i* %\ld inv>iably face ! same way z its we>]4 ,?is fact is amply illu/rat$ by ! e>ly /all-plates at ,w9dsor1 b ! mod]n cre/$ helms surm\nt+ ! /alls !re 7 = a long "t ! sc(f ( /ud5ts ( h]aldry ow+ to ! absurd mann] 9 :i* ! cre/s 7 set a?w>t ! front+ helms4 ,x is pleasant to be able to add t ! cre/s h lately be5 replac$ almo/ ?r\gh\t by a new & l>g] s]ies1 wor?y ( _! surr\nd+s1 & set ^u ! helms 9 ! prop] way4 ,"u ! same enlight5$ adm9i/ration ! mo/ rec5t /all-plates are enamell$ creations ( real arti/ic & h]aldic excell5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4 ,cre/1 etc4 ( ,sir ,john ,a/ley1 f a ,,ms4 c4 #adbj4 ,! cre/ 01 ( old "t1 almo/ always some?+ t c\ld actually be set ^u a helm1 & su* objects z naturally 7 too l>ge or too heavy 7 modell$ 9 boil$ lea!r1 wood1 or o!r light mat]ial3 l ! f9e cre/ borne at ! fun]al ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales1 n[ ov] 8 tomb at ,cant]bury1 :i* is a leop>d /&+ ^u a cap ( e/ate & modell$ 9 lea!r cov]$ ) /amp$ gesso 7fig4 #fe72 or ! soldan's head ( c>v$ wood t surm\nts ! fun]al helm ( ,george "l ,cobham1 9 ,cobham *ur*1 ,k5t 7fig4 #ff74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4 ,cre/ ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales1 #acgf1 ( lea!r & /amp$ gesso1 f 8 tomb at ,cant]bury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4 ,fun]al helm & wood5 cre/ ( ,george ,brooke "l ,cobham 7ob4 #aeeh7 9 ,cobham *ur*1 ,k5t4 ,su* impossible cre/s z ! pictorial sc5es & o!r absurdities grant$ by ! k+s-(-arms dur+ ! eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies1 & ev5 back to ,elizabe?an days1 w\ld n h be5 ?\ght ( at an e>li] p]iod1 :5 h]aldry 0 a liv+ art4 ,! degradation ( ! prop] use ( a cre/1 o!r ?an by ^? entitl$ to we> "o1 began z soon z ! k+s-(-arms presum$ to grant armorial be>+s by _! be/[+ cre/s ^u imp]sonal corporate bodies l ! ,london liv]y companies1 su* z ! ,tall[ ,*&l]s 7#adef71 ,masons 7#adgb71 & ,wax ,*&l]s 7#adhe-f74 ,arms 7 borne by ! mayor & commonalty ( a city or t[n at lea/ z e>ly z #abhc 9 ! case ( ,*e/]1 & ( #acje 9 ! case ( ,dov] 7or ! ,c9que ,ports71 b none presum$ to use a cre/ until ,london did s on ! mak+ ( a new seal 9 #aeci1 & no cre/ 0 grant$ to a t[n be=e #aefa4 ,be=e leav+ cre/s a ^w mu/ be said z to _! comp>ative sizes4 ,?r\gh\t ! be/ p]iod ( h]aldic art ! cre/$ helm & ! %ield 9 pictorial repres5tations practically balance "o ano!r1 b !re is occasionally a t5d5cy to dim9i% ! %ield1 & s app>5tly to enl>ge ! cre/4 ,?is may be se51 = example1 9 sev]al ( ! e>ly /all-plates at ,w9dsor 7figs4 #fg1 #fh71 :i* o!rwise are admirable models z to ! treatm5t ( cre/s 9 g5]al4 ,!y also %[ v cle>ly h[ easily & com=tably ! cre/s surm\nt ! helms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4 ,/all-plate ( ,humphrey duke ( ,buck+ham z e>l ( ,/af=d1 c4 #adbi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4 ,/all-plate ( ,sir ,?omas ,burgh1 c4 #adhc4 ,a rem>kable e>ly ,engli% example ( ! use ( two cre/s is furni%$ by a seal ( ,ri*>d ,nevill 7#addi-ga71 ! ',k+mak]1' :o 0 e>l ( ,salisbury1 &1 9 "r ( 8 wife1 also e>l ( ,w>wick 7fig4 #fi74 ,?is exhibits two helms above ! multi-qu>t]$ %ield1 ! "o c>ry+ ! ,beau*amp swan = ! e>ldom ( ,w>wick1 ! o!r ! ,montagu griff9 = ! e>ldom ( ,salisbury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4 ,seal ( ,ri*>d ,nevill ) sep>ate cre/s & support]s = 8 e>ldoms ( ,salisbury & ,w>wick4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,mantl+s ,orig9 ( ,mantl+s2 ,simple e>ly =ms2 ,col\rs ( ,mantl+s2 ,m$ieval usage z to col\rs ( ,mantl+s4 ,9 actual use ! helm seems (t5 to h be5 cov]$ beh9d by a hang+ sc>f or clo? ( "s k9d1 p]haps to temp] ! heat ( ! sun1 l a mod]n pugg>ee4 ,h]aldically ?is is repres5t$ by :at is n[ call$ ! mantl+4 ,at fir/ ?is 0 a simple affair1 worn pugg>ee-wise1 b by degrees x 0 enl>g$ 9 repres5tations until x ext5d$ on ei!r side beyond ! helm1 & 0 dispos$ 9 graceful twi/s & folds ) dagg$ edges1 :i* h be5 suppos$ to repres5t ! cuts x 0 liable to receive dur+ fight+ 7figs4 #gj1 #ga74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4 ,seal ( ,william "l ,ha/+s1 c4 #adfa4 ,! usual col\r = ! mantl+1 = a long "t1 has be5 r$1 & its l9+ ( erm9e or :ite fur1 b !re is ample prec$5ce = a diff]5ce ( treatm5t1 z may be se5 9 t ri* collection ( anci5t h]aldic art1 ! /all-plates at ,w9dsor4 ,! e>lie/ surviv+ plate1 t ( ,ralph "l ,bassett 7,k4,g4 #acfh-ij71 has a %ort black mantl+1 to mat* ! bo>'s head t =ms 8 cre/ 7fig4 #gb74 ,a l>ge gr\p ( plates set up 9 #adba exhibits a consid]able v>iety4 ,?us ! plate ( ,sir ,san*et ,dabri*ec\rt has a r$ mantl+ p[d]$ ) gold loz5ges1 a treatm5t sugge/$ by two b&s ( r$ simil>ly decorat$ :i* encircle ! bu% ( fea!rs =m+ 8 cre/ 7fig4 #gc74 ,! mantl+ ( ,william "l ,latim] is ( r$ & silv] /ripes1 & t ( ,john "l ,beaumont1 l ! field ( 8 %ield1 is1 toge!r ) ! cap ( e/ate1 ( blue p[d]$ ) gold fleurs-de-lis4 ,sir ,walt] ,pavely has also a blue mantl+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4 ,seal ( ,william de la ,pole e>l ( ,suffolk1 #adae4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4 ,/all-plate ( ,ralph "l ,basset1 %[+ simple =m ( mantl+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4 ,/all-plate ( ,sir ,san*et ,dabri*ec\rt1 c4 #adba4 ,sir ,william ,fitz,waryn's mantl+ is qu>t]ly p] fesse ind5t$ ( r$ & erm9e1 l 8 %ield ( arms4 ,! ,captal de ,bu*1 ,raynald "l ,cobham1 ,hugh "l ,burnell 7fig4 #gg71 ,hugh "l ,b\r*i] 7pl4 ,,xvi71 & ,sir ,?omas ,bana/re h black mantl+s1 & ,john "l ,b\r*i] & ,william "l ,will\ghby d',eresby 7pl4 ,,xv7 :ite mantl+s l9$ ) r$4 ,sir ,miles ,/apleton & ! ,s\dan de la ,trau h black mantl+s l9$ ) r$4 ,sev]al e>ly mantl+s1 too1 are =m$ entirely ( silv] fea!rs1 ) r$1 black1 or o!r l9+s4 ,^! usually accompany a fea!r$ cre/1 l ,sir ,william ,arundel's griff9 7fig4 #gd71 or ! e>l ( ,w>wick's swan 7fig4 #ge71 or ,sir ,?omas ,erp+ham's bu% ( fea!rs4 ,ano!r curi\s v>iation1 :i* is f\nd on f\r e>ly plates1 has ! col\r ( ! mantl+ diff]5t on ! two sides ( ! helm1 su* z r$ on "o side1 & blue or black on ! o!r4 ,9 ab\t a doz5 plates betwe5 #adej & #adgj ! r$1 & 9 "o case ! blue1 gr\nd ( a mantl+ is reliev$ by a trail+ patt]n 9 gold1 sometimes 9 l9es only1 b m usually z leafwork or fl[]s4 ,9 ! plate ( ,walt] "l ,hung]=d 7el4 #adba7 ! mantl+ on 8 bann]-l plate is b>r$ ) r$ & erm9e 7see fig4 #acf71 9 allusion to ! arms ( 8 lord%ip ( ,hussey4 ,la/ly1 9 ! plate ( ,ri*>d "l ,riv]s 7el4 #adej7 ! mantl+ is r$1 s[n ) gold trefoils1 & l9$ ) :ite1 ) gold tassels at ! ends 7fig4 #gf74 ,?is is d]iv$ f ! cre/1 :i* is ! upp] "p ( a man br&i%+ a scimit>1 & clad 9 a r$ tunic ) /&+ coll> & l>ge hang+ sleeves1 also s[n ) trefoils4 ,! sleeves are clev]ly arrang$ 9 ! plate1 z if =m+ "p ( ! mantl+1 & are simil>ly dagg$ & l9$ & tassell$4 ,on ! /all-plate 7c4 #adhc7 ( ,francis visc\nt ,lovel ! mantl+ is ( purple s[n ) gold hang+ locks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4 ,/all-plate ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick1 aft] #adbc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4 ,/all-plate ( ,ri*>d ,wydville "l ,riv]s1 c4 #adej4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,cre/s ,,& ,,cr[ns1 ,,caps ,,( ,,e/ate1 ,,& ,,wrea?s ,cre/s )9 ,cr[ns2 ,nature & treatm5t ( ,cr[ns2 ,caps ( ,e/ate3 ,_! possible orig9 & introduction into ,h]aldry2 ,! col\r ( ,caps2 ,! plac+ ( ,cre/s ^u ,caps2 ,wrea?s or ,torses2 ,_! ,col\r2 ,cre/s & ,mottoes2 ,use ( ,cre/s by ,bi%ops2 ,! ensign+ ( ,arms ) ,mitres1 ,c>d9als' & ,doctors' ,hats1 & ,caps ( ,e/ate4 ,! treatm5t ( ! cre/ v>ies4 ,9 ! e>lie/ examples x is set directly ^u ! mantl$ helm 7fig4 #gg & pls4 ,,xiv ,a & ,,xvii ,b71 to :i* x 0 actually atta*$ by wires ?r\gh holes on top4 ,b f ! fir/ l>ge numb]s ( cre/s 7 fix$1 or rose z x 71 f )9 a cr[n or coronet encircl+ ! helm1 or /ood ^u a cap or hat ( e/ate t surm\nt$ x4 7,see figs4 #fe1 #fg1 #gb1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 & pls4 ,,xiii ,e & ,f1 ,,xvii ,a1 ,,xxi1 ,,xxii1 ,,xxvii ,a1 etc47 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,walt] "l ,fitz,walter1 #adae-ca4 ,b ,c ,h5ry duke ( ,lanca/]1 #acda4 ,d ,rob]t ,%ottesbroke1 #adeh-i4 ,e ,?omas "l ,dacre ( ,gilsl&1 #adab4 ,f ,sir ,john ,*eyny1 #acie4 ,,plate ,,xiii4--,v>i\s treatm5ts ( cre/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4 ,/all-plate ( ,hugh "l ,burnell1 c4 #adba4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,edmund ,grey e>l ( ,k5t1 #addb4 ,b ,?omas ,ball>d1 ,esq4 ,c ,sir ,h5ry ,+elose1 ( ,loddon1 #adea4 ,,plate ,,xiv4--,examples ( cre/s & mantl+s4 ,! cr[n 0 m]ely ornam5tal1 & _h no ref]5ce to ! dignity ( ! we>]1 b 0 us$ alike h]aldically by pr9ce & pe]1 knight & esquire1 & ! same may be said ( ! cap ( e/ate4 ,cr[ns 7 anci5tly =m$ ( a numb] ( leaves or fleurons set upright ^u ! b&1 sometimes ) less] leaves or jewels betwe5 !m2 ! b&s too 7 (t5 jewell$4 ,b 9 practice only ?ree 7fig4 #gh71 or sometimes five1 pr9cipal leaves are %[n :5 ! cr[n is drawn 9 pr(ile 7fig4 #hc74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,edmund1 f ! tomb ( ,edmund duke ( ,york 7ob4 #adjb7 at ,k+'s ,langley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,,/all-,,plate 7,,r$uc$7 ,,( ,,hugh ,,/af=d ,,"l ,,b\r*i]1 ,c4 #adba4 ,beyond ! fact t ! ?+ 0 a cr[n1 !re 0 no /rict rule z to ! design1 :i* v>i$ accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! arti/4 ,two examples among ! e>ly /all-plates at ,w9dsor1 ^? ( ,hugh ,/af=d "l ,b\r*i] 7fig4 #gi & pl4 ,,xvi7 & ,ri*>d "l ,grey ( ,codnor 7bo? c4 #adba71 illu/rate ?is 9 a pretty way 7fig4 #hj74 ,9 bo? cases ! plate aft] be+ f9i%$ has be5 cut up1 p>tly rev]s$1 & 9 "p re-engrav$2 n because any?+ 0 wrong ) ! h]aldry1 b to make ! cre/$ helms face ! o!r way4 ,^! h accord+ly be5 turn$ ov]1 b 9 cutt+ !m afre% ! engrav] has slightly v>i$ ! designs ( ! cre/s & ( ! cr[ns ) :i* ea* is encircl$1 )\t h[ev] 9 any way alt]+ _! h]aldic "*4 ,9 ! e>lie/ exi/+ plates ! cre/$ helms are all drawn turn$ t[>ds ! high alt>1 consequ5tly ^? on ! nor? side ( ! quire face h]aldically t[>ds ! s9i/]4 ,! two plates j not$1 & at lea/ "o o!r1 h be5 transf]r$ f "o side ( ! quire to ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4 ,cre/ f ! rev]se ( ! /all-plate ( ,hugh ,/af=d "l ,b\r*i]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4 ,two =ms ( ! same cre/1 f ! /all-plate ( ,ri*>d "l ,grey ( ,codnor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,,/all-,,plate ,,( ,,william ,,"l ,,will\ghby1 ,c4 #adba4 ,"o ( ! fir/ in/ances ( a cr[n ab\t a cre/ is on ! seal ( ,william ,montagu e>l ( ,salisbury1 #accg 7pl4 ,,xii74 ,cr[ns 7 n by any means always ( gold or silv]1 & q a numb] ( pre-,tudor /all-plates h !m enamell$ r$1 & 9 two cases blue4 ,^! h]aldic cr[ns mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! coronets1 z !y are n[ call$1 worn ( diff]5t patt]ns by pe]s & pe]esses accord+ to _! degree2 "s ref]5ce to ^! w be made lat]4 ,! cap ( e/ate is g5]ally depict$ 9 ,engli% h]aldic art z a high cr[n$ conical hat or cap ) flatt5$ top1 & a broad brim l9$ ) erm9e4 ,! brim is usually turn$ up high 9 front1 b gradually less5s along ! sides t[>ds ! back1 :]e ! brim ext5ds horizontally to its full wid?4 ,! cap ( e/ate fir/ appe>s1 surm\nt$ by 8 leop>d cre/1 on ! head ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii 9 ! great seal made = him 9 ,febru>y #acci-dj on 8 assumption ( ! title ( ,k+ ( ,france4 ,:e!r ! cap has any connexion ) ! assumption ( ! k+'s new title x is difficult to say1 b its m common "n ( 'cap ( ma9t5ance' w\ld acquire a significant mean+ c\ld su* connexion be prov$4 ,x is h[ev] m probable t ! cap 0 worn by ! k+ = 8 dignity ( duke ( ,norm&y & ( ,aquita9e1 & x 0 long ! cu/om = repres5tatives ( ^? du*ies to take "p 9 coronation processions we>+ robes & caps ( e/ate4 ,accord+ to ! ,little ,device = ! coronation ( ,h5ry ,,vii1 !re 7 to ride be=e ! k+ 9 ! procession f ! ,t[] 'ij ,squi]s = ! k+es bodie be>+ 9 baudrick wise twoo mantells furr$ wt ,ermyns1 we>+ twoo hattes ( ,e/ate ( ,cryms5 clo! ( golde bek$ on1 beks turnyd upp beh9de1 & furr$ also wt ,ermyns 9 reprec5tacion ( ! k+es twoo du*esses ( ,gy5 & ,norm&ie4'#f #f ,l4 ,g4 ,wickham ,legg1 ,engli% ,coronation ,records 7,we/m9/]1 #aija71 #bbc4 ,al?\gh ! cap may at fir/ h be5 re/rict$ to ! k+1 x 0 c]ta9ly us$ by ! sons ( ,edw>d ,,iii1 & may be se5 ( l =m & fa%ion ^u ! seals ( ,edw>d z pr9ce ( ,wales 7#acdc71 ( ,john ( ,gaunt z duke ( ,lanca/] 7#acfb7 & ( ,edmund ( ,langley z duke ( ,york 7pl4 ,,xxi71 & ( ,?omas ( ,wood/ock z duke ( ,gl\ce/] 9 #ache4 ,x 0 no d\bt 9 ea* case giv5 by p]sonal inve/iture by ! ,sov]eign1 b only to ^? :o 7 made dukes4 ,9 h]aldry1 h[ev]1 ! cap ( e/ate 0 us$ aft] #acej by _m :o 7 n only dukes :o _h be5 inve/$ ) x1 b by e>ls & b>ons :o _h n be5 s inve/$1 & ev5 by m]e knights 7pl4 ,,xiii ,f74 ,x w\ld be z ra% to argue f ?is t su* p]sons 7 all entitl$ to we> = dignity ! cap ( e/ate z x w\ld be to insi/ t ! equally common use ( a cr[n r\nd ! base ( a cre/ entitl$ e knight or b>on on ^: seal x occurs to we> a coronet4 ,! col\r ( ! cap ( e/ate 0 almo/ inv>iably r$1 ) a l9+ ( erm9e1 b 9 two ( ! e>ly /all-plates x is blue4 ,! cre/ is g5]ally plac$ directly ^u x1 b repres5tations ( two-legg$ or f\r-legg$ creatures (t5 /& ^u ! brim ) _! feet on ei!r side ( ! flat-topp$ cap 7figs4 #aab1 #ach74 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say t ! cre/$ cap is always plac$ ^u ! helm1 ) ! mantl+ issu+ f "u x4 ,x is a common practice n[adays1 q wrongly1 to repres5t cre/s ap>t f ! helm1 & z /&+ ^u a twi/$ b>1 or wrea? z x is call$4 ,a little rese>* w %[ t ?is b> repres5ts ! twi/+ toge!r ( two or ?ree diff]5tly col\r$ /uffs1 & fix+ ! wrea? s =m$ r\nd ! base ( ! cre/ to mask its junction ) ! top ( a helm4 ,once inv5t$ x came into common use1 & cre/s ( all k9ds 7 fix$ )9 x4 ,:5 se5 sideways ! r\nd$ top ( ! helm causes ! cre/ to appe> z if /&+ ^u ! wrea?1 & ?is has no d\bt giv5 rise to ! pres5t malpractice4 ,! ,rev4 ,c4 ,b\tell 9 8 small] ,engli% ,h]aldry quotes ! ,ha/+s brass at ,els+1 ( ! ye> #acdg1 z ! e>lie/ in/ance ( a wrea? ab\t a cre/ 7fig4 #ha74 ,b ?is brass is probably ,fr5*1 & 9 ,engli% "w ! wrea? does n come into be+ mu* be=e ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & 0 n regul>ly us$ until ab\t #adej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4 ,helm ) cre/ & wrea?1 f ! ,ha/+s brass at ,els+1 #acdg4 ,! wrea? or torse1 z x 0 also call$1 f be+ a twi/1 0 usually ( two col\rs1 d]iv$ f ! pr9cipal metal & col\r ( ! arms2 b ! fifte5? c5tury /all-plates %[ _m v>iations f ?is rule4 ,?us ,lewis "l ,b\r*i] 7c4 #adba7 has a torse ( blue1 gold1 & black1 & ,john e>l ( ,tank]ville 7c4 #adba7 "o ( gre51 r$1 & :ite4 ,john "l ,b\r*i] 7c4 #adba7 & ,h5ry "l ,b\r*i] 7c4 #adeb7 bo? h black & gre5 torses4 ,ri*>d ,wydville "l ,riv]s 7c4 #adej7 has ! cre/ issu+ f a gre5 torse1 cre/$ ) a cr[n ( holly leaves4 ,?omas "l ,/anley 7c4 #adei7 has a torse ( gold & blue ) r$ spots or jewels betwe51 & ,sir ,william ,*amb]layne 7c4 #adfa7 a r$ & blue torse4 ,! mod]n practice is t ! twi/s ( a torse %all be only six 9 numb]2 b 9 old h]aldry !re 0 no su* rule1 & any numb] f f\r may be f\nd1 :atev] w\ld look be/4 ,9 ! ,h>sick brass 7fig4 #hb7 !re are elev5 twi/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4 ,helm ) cre/ & torse & simple =m ( mantl+1 f ! ,h>sick brass at ,s\?acre1 #achd4 ,cre/s occasionally _h mottoes or 'words' associat$ ) !m1 q ap>t f ! ord9>y '^w' or 'reason' ( ! family or individual4 ,?us ! erm9e bu% ( fea!rs t =m$ ! cre/ ( ,sir ,simon ,felbrigge is accompani$ on 8 /all-plate 7c4 #adba7 by a scroll lett]$ ,sanz mu] 7fig4 #hc71 & on t ( ,john "l ,scrope 7el4 #adfa7 ! cre/1 :i* is likewise a bu% ( fea!rs1 has above x ! 'reason' autre qz-elle4 ,two ( ! f9e seals ( ,ri*>d ,nevill e>l ( ,salisbury 7#adbh-fj7 h beh9d 8 demi-griff9 cre/ a scroll lett]$ app>5tly ma or d plesi] 7pls4 ,,xvii ,a & ,,xxii ,b71 & ! seal ( ,john ,talbot e>l ( ,%rewsbury1 z m>%al ( ,france 7#adde71 has a scroll ) 8 '^w' issu+ f ! m\? ( 8 lion cre/ 7pl4 ,,xvii ,b74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4 ,/all-plate ( ,sir ,simon ,felbrigge1 c4 #adba4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,ri*>d ,nevill e>l ( ,salisbury1 #adbh-fj4 ,b ,john ,talbot e>l ( ,%rewsbury1 #adde4 ,,plate ,,xvii4--,cre/s ) mottoes4 ,f :at has be5 said above z to ! anci5t association ( helm & cre/1 x foll[s t ! pres5t fa%ion ( repres5t+ ! cre/ by itself1 ap>t f ! helm to :i* x 0 always atta*$1 is entirely wrong4 ,x at once r5d]s ! cre/ mean+less3 9 appe>ance x =?) becomes insignificant2 & attempts to treat x arti/ically g5]ally end 9 failure4 ,let cre/s be %[n z cre/s1 prop]ly set ^u practicable helms1 & ) compet5t mantl+s treat$ ) all ! fre$om t !y are capable (4 ,x may "h be not$ t x has n be5 cu/om>y1 nor is x logically correct1 = ladies & o!r non-combatant p]sons1 su* z ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*1 to use cre/s2 arms !y h ev] be5 all[$ to be>4 ,examples1 h[ev]1 ( ! brea* ( ! rule z to cre/s ev5 by bi%ops are af=d$ by sev]al ( _! privy seals4 ,?us ,h5ry le ,desp5s] bi%op ( ,norwi* 7#acgj-adjf7 has 8 diff]5c$ %ield ( arms surm\nt$ by a mantl$ helm ^u :i* a mitre1 ) a griff9's head & w+s issu+ !refrom1 is plac$ z a cre/ 7fig4 #hd72 & ,alex&] ,nevill ar*bi%op ( ,york 7#acgd7 %[s 8 %ield hang+ bel[ a cr[n$ helm surm\nt$ by ! bull's head cre/ ( 8 h\se & support$ by two griff9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4 ,privy seal ( ,h5ry le ,desp5s] bi%op ( ,norwi*1 #acgj-adjf4 ,william ,c\rt5ay1 z ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury 7#acha-if71 simil>ly displays a %ield ( 8 arms1 ensign$ by a helm surm\nt$ by a cap ( e/ate ) a dolph9 on top4 ,a helm cre/$ ) a lovely bun* ( columb9es is also c>v$ ) 8 arms above ! tomb ( ,james ,goldwell bi%op ( ,norwi* 7ob4 #adih-i7 9 8 ca!dral *ur*4 ,rob]t ,nevill on 8 privy seal z bi%op ( ,durham 7#adch-eg7 surm\nts 8 %ield ) a beautiful labell$ mitre1 f :i* issues a bull's head ) a scroll lett]$ en grace affie4 ,_m ( ! bi%ops ( ,durham1 on _! great seals 9 *anc]y1 9 virtue ( _! secul> palat9ate jurisdiction1 are repres5t$ z rid+ 9 complete arm\r ) helms on _! heads4 ,! fir/ to be s repres5t$ 0 ,?omas ,hatfield 7#acde71 :o we>s a l>ge cr[n$ helm surm\nt$ by a mitre1 f :i* issues a bu% ( fea!rs4 ,john ,=dham 7#acha7 also surm\nts 8 cr[n$ helm ) a mitre1 on :i* is p]*$ a bird4 ,walt] ,skirlaw 7#achh7 & ,?omas ,langley 7#adjf7 set )9 ! cr[ns cre/s )\t mitres2 9 "o case ! bu/ ( an angel1 9 ! o!r a bu% ( fea!rs4 ,rob]t ,nevill 7#adch7 surm\nts 8 cr[n$ helm ) a mitre1 f :i* issues a bull's head1 z on 8 privy seal above not$4 ,cu?b]t ,tun/all 7#aecj7 has a mitre alone ^u 8 helm4 ,! usual practice 9 display+ a bi%op's arms has be51 = a long "t1 to ensign !m simply ) 8 own (ficial headge> 9 ! %ape ( a mitre1 & ! same cu/om prevail$ ) reg>d to ! arms ( mitr$ abbots & priors4 ,rob]t ,nevill's privy seal is an e>ly example4 ,c>d9als ensign$ _! %ields ) ! tassell$ hat ( _! ord]1 z may be se5 on ! seal-(-arms ( ,h5ry ,beau=t bi%op ( ,w9*e/] 7#adje71 & 9 a c>v+ ( 8 arms 9 ,s\?w>k ca!dral *ur*4 ,a c>d9al's hat is display$1 ) 8 rebus & sundry royal badges1 on ! ar* ab\t ! c5otaph ( ,john ,morton ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury & c>d9al 9 ! und]cr(t ( 8 ca!dral *ur*4 ,doctors also sometimes surm\nt$ _! arms ) ! r\nd cap p]ta9+ to _! dignity4 ,on ! monum5t at ,/4 ,albans ( ,humphrey duke ( ,gl\ce/] 7ob4 #addf7 8 arms are ensign$ alt]nately by 8 mantl$ & cre/$ helm1 & by a l>ge cap ( e/ate encircl$ by a cr[n or coronet4 ,jasp] duke ( ,b$=d 7#adhe7 on 8 seal likewise surm\nts 8 arms ) a cap ( e/ate encircl$ by a delicate cr[n4 ,!re is n any necessity at ! pres5t day to repres5t any cr[n or coronet ) ! cap ( e/ate )9 x4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,badges1 ,,knots1 ,,& ,,! ,,rebus ,def9ition ( a ,badge2 ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,cre/s & ,badges2 ,examples ( ,badges2 ,! ,o/ri*-,fea!r ,badge2 ,! ,:ite ,h>t1 etc42 ,introduction ( ,badges into ,h]aldry2 ,_! ,preval5ce2 ,allusive ,badges2 ,badges ( obscure ,orig92 ,knots & ,badges2 ,! ,rebus4 ,closely alli$ ) cre/s1 b borne & us$ 9 an entirely diff]5t way1 are ! devices call$ badges4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ^! is 9 itself ( great int]e/1 & ! facility ) :i* !y l5d !mselves to arti/ic h]aldic decoration r5d]s badges ( peculi> value4 ,a badge is1 prop]ly speak+1 any di/9ctive device1 emblem1 or figure assum$ z ! m>k or cognisance ( an individual or family2 & x %\ld be borne alone1 )\t any %ield1 torse1 or o!r accessory4 ,b a badge may be & (t5 01 l a cre/1 accompani$ by a ^w1 reason1 or motto4 ,!re is h[ev] ?is important diff]5ce betwe5 a cre/ & a badge1 t ! cre/ 0 pre-em95tly ! p]sonal device ( its own]1 :ile 8 badge might also be us$ by 8 s]vants & reta9]s4 ,su* a use ( ! badge /ill survives 9 ! 'cre/' on ! buttons ( liv]i$ s]vants4 ,! mo/ fam\s & be/ kn[n badge is t ( ! ?ree o/ri* fea!rs encircl$ by a cr[n or coronet borne by ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,x 0 probably introduc$ by ,que5 ,philippa1 :o is kn[n to h possess$ plate ornam5t$ ) 'a black sco*eon ( o/ri* fea!rs1' p]haps allusive ( ! ,comt ( ,o/revant1 ! appanage ( ! elde/ sons ( ! h\se ( ,ha9ault4 ,a s+le o/ri* fea!r1 alone or /uck 9 a scroll1 occurs aft] #acdc 9 sev]al seals ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales1 & on 8 tomb at ,cant]bury ! %ield ( 8 own arms alt]nates ) 8 "m's black %ield ) ?ree silv] o/ri* fea!rs1 ea* transfix+ a scroll ) ! ^w i* di5e2 ov] ! %ield is likewise a scroll inscrib$ ) ! same words 7fig4 #he74 ,john ( ,gaunt duke ( ,lanca/] is said to h borne an o/ri* fea!r p[d]$ ) erm9e tails1 & ,?omas ( ,wood/ock duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 ! y\nge/ ( ,que5 ,philippa's sons1 bore ! fea!rs ) a /rap 7:i* "s h reg>d$ z a ,g>t]7 ext5d$ along ! quill 7fig4 #hf74 ,! ,que5's great-gr&son1 ,ri*>d duke ( ,york & e>l ( ,m>* 7#adcf71 bore ! fea!r ) a *a9 simil>ly plac$2 p]haps ,edmund ( ,langley1 8 gr&fa!r1 _h done ! same4 ,h5ry ( ,lanca/]1 ! son ( ,john ( ,gaunt1 on 8 seal z e>l ( ,d]by 9 #ache 7pl4 ,,xxiv ,c7 & on t z duke ( ,h]e=d 9 #acii1 has an o/ri* fea!r /uck 9 ! end ( a scroll :i* is entw9$ ab\t ! fea!r & inscrib$ ) ! significant ^w s\v]eyne1 & ! same ^w is repeat$ _m times on 8 tomb z ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv at ,cant]bury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4 ,%ield ) o/ri*-fea!r badge f ! tomb ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales 7ob4 #acgf7 at ,cant]bury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4 ,seal ( ,?omas ( ,wood/ock duke ( ,gl\ce/] ) o/ri*-fea!r & ,bohun swan badges4 ,ano!r notable badge is ! c\*$ :ite h>t ( ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii1 ) :i* may be nam$ ! :ite h9d borne by 8 k9sman1 ,?omas ,hol& e>l ( ,k5t 7pl4 ,,xviii ,b74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,joan ,arundel wife ( ,william "l ,beau*amp1 #adaf4 ,b ,?omas ,hol& e>l ( ,k5t1 #acih4 ,c ,rob]t ,corbet ,d ,joan ,/af=d c\ntess ( ,k5t & lady ( ,wake1 #adcg4 ,,plate ,,xviii4--,examples ( support]s4 ,! fett]lock-&-falcon 7fig4 #hg7 & ! :ite rose ( ! h\se ( ,york1 ! :ite lion ( ! e>ls ( ,m>*1 ! ray$ rose ( ,edw>d ,,iv1 & ! silv] bo> ( ,ri*>d ,,iii are ( c\rse well-kn[n badges2 z well z ! r$ & ! r$ & :ite roses1 ! cr[n$ fleur-de-lis1 & ! ,beau=t portcullis1 us$ by ! ,tudor k+s 7fig4 #hh74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg4 ,fett]lock-&-falcon badge ( ! h\se ( ,york1 f ,h5ry ,,vii's *apel at ,we/m9/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4 ,cr[n$ rose & portcullis f ,k+'s college *apel at ,cambridge4 ,:5 badges fir/ came into use 9 ?is c\ntry is unc]ta91 b aft] ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury !y ab\nd4 ,!y are =e%ad[$ by ! free treatm5t ( e>li] decorative h]aldry1 su* z ! little leop>ds on ! footge> & pill[s ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii's gilt-latt5 effigy at ,we/m9/]1 & ! plate ) its loz5gy diap] ( leop>ds on :i* x lies2 also ! loz5gy diap] ( ca/les & lions :i* cov]s ! metal plate :]eon lies ! effigy ( ,que5 ,eleanor ( ,ca/ile4 ,_m badges1 too1 orig9at$ 9 devices borr[$ f v>i\s s\rces & arrang$ ab\t ! %ield on seals1 z 9 figs4 #hi & #ij1 :i* are only two out ( a numb] ( su* app5d$ to ! ,b>ons' ,lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4 ,seal ( ,rob]t de ,clif=d1 ) arms surr\nd$ by r+s 9 allusion to 8 "m ,isabel ,vipont4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4 ,seal ( ,rob]t de ,toni z ,,*eval] ,,au ,,c+ ) ! arms encircl$ by swans & talbots4 ,! fam\s :ite swan badge ( ! ,bohuns 7fig4 #ia7 is f\nd p]*$ ^u ! %ield 9 ! seal ( ,humphrey ,bohun e>l ( ,h]e=d & ,essex1 #abih 7pl4 ,,xix ,b74 ,lat] on its neck 0 encircl$ by a cr[n = a coll>1 ) a *a9 atta*$1 & 9 ?is =m x appe>s on ! seals ( ,?omas ( ,wood/ock1 :o m>ri$ ,eleanor ,bohun 7fig4 #hf71 & on t lady's brass at ,we/m9/]4 ,x 0 also borne by ! sons & desc5dants ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv by 8 wife ,m>y ,bohun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia4 ,seal ( ,oliv] ,bohun ) swans ab\t ! %ield4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,/eph5 ,longespee1 ob4 #abfj4 ,b ,humphrey de ,bohun e>l ( ,h]e=d & ,essex1 con/able ( ,engl&1 #abih4 ,,plate ,,xix4--,orig9 ( support]s4 ,! gilt-latt5 effigies ( ,ri*>d ,,ii 7fig4 #ib7 & ,anne ( ,bohemia h _! dresses p\nc$ all ov] ) badges1 su* z ! :ite h>t1 ! sun-bur/1 & ! broom sprigs on t ( ! k+1 & ! o/ri* & a peculi> knot on t ( ! que54 ,9 #achj ,edmund ,mortim] e>l ( ,m>* left a beque/ ( 'our l>ge b$ ( black sat9 embroid]$ ) :ite lions & gold roses1 ) sco*eons ( ! arms ( ,mortim] & ,ul/]1' & 9 #ache ,joan pr9cess ( ,wales bequea!d to h] son ! ,k+ 7,ri*>d ,,ii7 'my new b$ ( r$ velvet embroid]$ ) o/ri* fea!rs ( silv] & leop>ds' heads ( gold ) b\ghs & leaves issu+ f _! m\?s4' ,9 #acig1 ,sir ,ralph ,ha/+s1 ^: arms 7 a r$ maun* or sleeve on a gold gr\nd1 & 8 cre/ a bull's head1 left beque/s ( a silv] bason & lav] '/amp$ ) a bull's head 7cum capite tauri71 a ve/m5t ( r$ clo? ( gold ) orfreys be=e & beh9d work$ ) maun*es 7cum maun*es7 & ) ! col\rs ( m9e arms1' & six salts /amp$ ) maun*es4 ,9 #achh ,john ( ,gaunt duke ( ,lanca/] m5tions 9 8 w 'my great b$ ( clo? ( gold1 ! field p[d]$ ) roses ( gold set ^u pipes ( gold1 & 9 ea* pipe two :ite o/ri* fea!rs1' also 'my new ve/m5t ( clo? ( gold ! field r$ work$ ) gold falcons4' ,two falcons hold+ hang+ locks 9 _! beaks are also %[n on "o ( ! duke's seals 7pl4 ,,xxi ,a74 ,9 #adjj ,?omas ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick left a b$ ( silk embroid]$ ) 'be>s ( m9e arms'2 & 9 #adae ,john "l le ,scrope m5tions 9 8 w docum5ts seal$ cum signato meo de ,crabb1 & 9 a codicil made 9 #adec he bequea?s 'j fayre pile ( coppis conteyn+ xij coppis ( gilt1 ) crabbis 9 ye myddes1 & two cov]yngis to ?ame ) crabb4' ,9 ! nor? ( ,engl& a crab is (t5 call$ a scrap1 :5ce its assumption by ! ,scropes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4 ,gilt-latt5 effigy at ,we/m9/] ( ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii1 p\nc$ ) badges1 etc4 ,su* examples z ! =ego+ c\ld be multipli$ indef9itely1 b !y w suffice to %[ ! preval5ce ( badges & ! _m ways 9 :i* !y 7 us$4 ,!y ( c\rse ab\nd$ on seals z well z on monum5ts ( all k9ds1 & 9 conjunction ) ar*itecture4 ,"u ?is la/ head may be quot$ su* examples z ! ar*es 9 ,w+field *ur*1 ,suffolk 7fig4 #ic71 /udd$ ) leop>ds' heads1 w+s1 & ,/af=d knots1 commemorative ( ,mi*ael de la ,pole e>l ( ,suffolk 7ob4 #adae7 & 8 wife ,ka?>9e ,/af=d2 ! por* & o!r p>ts ( ,lav5ham *ur*1 display+ ! bo>s & molets ( ,john de ,v]e e>l ( ,ox=d2 bi%op ,c\rt5ay's *imney-piece 9 ! bi%op's palace at ,exet] 7fig4 #id72 & ! great displays ( ,tudor badges on ! dean]y gateway at ,pet]bor\gh 7fig4 #ie71 ! gateh\ses at ,*ri/'s 7fig4 #if7 & ,/4 ,john's ,colleges 7fig4 #agb7 at ,cambridge1 & ! noble *apel ( ,k+'s ,college4 ,special m5tion mu/ also be made ( ! magnific5t bronze doors ( ,h5ry ,,vii's *apel at ,we/m9/]1 ?an :i* no m beautiful example ( ! use ( badges = decorative purposes c\ld possibly be f\nd 7fig4 #ig74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4 ,pi]s & ar*es 9 ,w+field *ur*1 ,suffolk1 ) badges ( ,mi*ael de la ,pole e>l ( ,suffolk 7ob4 #adae7 & 8 wife ,ka?>9e ,/af=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4 ,*imney-piece 9 ! ,bi%op's ,palace at ,exet] ) ! arms & badges ( bi%op ,pet] ,c\rt5ay1 #adgh-hg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4 ,gateway to ! ,dean]y at ,pet]bor\gh4 ,built by ,rob]t ,kirkton abbot #adig-aebf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4 ,! gateh\se ( ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig4 ,bronze door ) badges ( ,york & ,beau=t1 f ! ,lady *apel ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 ,! s\rces ( badges 7 v>i\s4 ,z a matt] ( fact a man's badge 0 (t5 ! same device z 8 cre/1 l ! ,c\rt5ay dolph91 or ! bo> ( ! ,v]es1 or ! sickle ( ! ,hung]=ds4 ,sometimes ! badge 0 d]iv$ f a "p ( ! arms1 su* z ! leop>ds' heads & ! w+s ( ! de la ,poles1 ! wat]-b\gets ( ! ,b\r*i]s 7fig4 #ih71 ! silv] molet ( ! ,v]es 7fig4 #ii71 & ! ,phelip eagle 7fig4 #ajj74 ,if by *ance a badge c\ld h any punn+ or allusive mean+ x 0 ! m popul>1 & x !n (t5 s]v$ z a rebus4 ,! bo> 7v]re7 ( ! ,v]es 7fig4 #ii71 ! crab or scrap ( ! ,scropes1 ! pike or luce ( ! ,lucys1 ! long swords ( ,longespee 7pl4 ,,xix ,a71 ! gray or badg] ( ,ri*>d "l ,grey ( ,codnor 7fig4 #ajb71 & ! wood-/ock or tree /ump ( ,?omas duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 :o 0 born at ,wood/ock1 are all good examples ( a practice t %\ld be foll[$ :5ev] possible1 ev5 9 ^! deg5]ate days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih4 ,signet ) badge & cre/$ helm ( ,lewis "l ,b\r*i]1 #adbj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii4 ,seal ( ,hugh de ,v]e ) bo> badge & two wiv]s z support]s4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj4 ,signet ( ,william ,phelip "l ,b>dolf 7c4 #adaj7 ) eagle badge d]iv$ f 8 arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4 ,signet ) flote badge & ^w ( ,sir ,william ,oldhalle 9 #adeg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajb4 ,seal ) badge 7a gray or badg]7 ( ,ri*>d "l ,grey ( ,codnor1 #acib4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4 ,seal ( ,?omas "l ,/anley z e>l ( ,d]by & s5es*al ( ,macclesfield1 #adhe1 ) ! eagle's claw badge ( ,/anley & ! legs ( ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,b 9 a l>ge numb] ( cases ! badge has a diff]5t & (t5 q obscure orig91 l ! ,bohun swan1 ! ,p]cy cresc5t & swivel1 ! ,beau*amp be> & ragg$ /aff1 ! ,lovel hang+-lock1 ! ,z\* eagle & crook$ billet1 & ! ,b]keley m]maid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajd4 ,daisy plant 7m>gu]ite7 badge ( ! ,lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 f ,h5ry ,,vii's *apel at ,we/m9/]4 ,a few families1 e4g4 ! ,/af=ds 7fig4 #aje71 ! ,b\r*i]s1 & ! ,wakes1 us$ z a badge "s special =m ( knot1 & att5tion has already be5 call$ to ! peculi> knots p\nc$ ^u ! effigy ( ,que5 ,anne ( ,bohemia4 ,int]e/+ examples ( ! ,b\r*i] knot may be se5 on ! tomb ( ar*bi%op ,?omas ,b\r*i] at ,cant]bury1 & on ! brass ( ,sir ,humphrey ,b\r*i] at ,we/m9/] 7fig4 #ajf71 & a good in/ance ( ! application ( ! knot is af=d$ by ! seal ( ,joan ,/af=d c\ntess ( ,k5t & lady ( ,wake1 :o encircles h] impal$ %ield ) a cordon ( ,/af=d knots 7pl4 ,,xviii ,d74 ,on ! tomb at ,l[ick 7,nor?ants7 ( ,edw>d ,/af=d e>l ( ,wilt%ire 7ob4 #adih7 ! %ields are encircl$ ) cordons ( ,/af=d knots ) ano!r ,/af=d badge1 ! nave ( a :eel1 alt]nat+ ) ! knots 7fig4 #ajg74 ,on ! canopy ( ! tomb at ,little ,ea/on 9 ,essex ( ,h5ry ,b\r*i] e>l ( ,essex 7ob4 #adhc7 & 8 wife ,isabel1 si/] ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,york1 is a badge =m$ by plac+ a ,b\r*i] knot )9 a fett]lock ( ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje4 ,"p ( ! brass at ,exet] ( canon ,william ,langeton1 k9sman ( ,edw>d ,/af=d bi%op ( ,exet]1 #adac1 9 cope ) an orphrey ( ,x's & ,/af=d knots4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajf4 ,elb[-piece & ,b\r*i] knot1 f ! brass ( ,sir ,humphrey ,b\r*i] 7ob4 #adga7 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajg4 ,alaba/] tomb & effigy ( ,edw>d ,/af=d e>l ( ,wilt%ire 7ob4 #adih7 9 ,l[ick *ur*1 ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,m5tion has be5 made above ( ! rebus4 ,?is 0 inv>iably a badge or device =m+ a pun ^u a man's surname1 & at "o "t 0 exce$+ly popul>4 ,x no d\bt orig9at$ 9 ! cant+ or allusive h]aldry ( e>li] days1 l ! bo>s' heads ( ! ,swynburnes1 ! trumpets ( ! ,trump+tons1 ! hamm]s 7,fr4 m>tel7 ( ! ,m>tels1 or ! scallop %ells ( ! ,scales4 ,! ox cross+ a =d 9 ! arms ( ,ox=d1 & ! ,cam & its great bridge 9 ! arms ( ,cambridge are also k9dr$ examples4 ,a l>ge numb] ( rebuses on names end+ 9 'ton' are bas$ ^u a tun or b>rel1 l ! lup on a ton ( ,rob]t ,lupton provo/ ( ,eton #aejc-d1 or ! l>ge *ur* 7kirk7 & ton ( abbot ,kirkton on ! dean]y gate at ,pet]bor\gh 7fig4 #ajh71 or ! beacon ris+ f a ton ( bi%op ,?omas ,beck+ton at ,wells 7fig4 #aji74 ,! gold wells ( bi%op ,goldwell & ! h>ts ly+ 9 wat] ( bi%op ,walt] ,lyh>t 9 _! ca!dral *ur* at ,norwi* are well kn[n1 z are probably ! eye & ! slip ( a tree :i* =m1 toge!r ) a man fall+ f a tree 7,i slip671 ! rebuses ( abbot ,islip at ,we/m9/] 7fig4 #aaj74 ,an ox1 ! lett] ,n1 & a bridge make ! rebus ( canon ,john ,ox5bridge 9 8 *antry *apel at ,w9dsor1 :ile an eagle & an ox ) ne on 8 side gives ! "n ( prior ,john ,oxney at ,*ri/*ur*1 ,cant]bury4 ,two l>ge h>es ) a spr+ or well ris+ betwe5 !m cr\* at ! feet ( bi%op ,h>ewell's effigy at ,wells2 & dean ,gun?orpe's oriel w9d[ 9 ! dean]y !re is decorat$ ) guns 7fig4 #aaa74 ,sir ,john ,pe*ey's arms 7azure a lion erm9e ) a =k$ tail & a gold cr[n71 9 a w9d[ 9 ,lull+/one *ur*1 ,k5t1 are encircl$ by a wrea? ( pea*-bran*es1 ) pea*es *>g$ ) ! lett] e = ! f9al syllable ( 8 "n 7fig4 #aab74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajh4 ,rebus ( abbot ,rob]t ,kirkton1 f ! ,dean]y ,gate at ,pet]bor\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aji4 ,rebus ( ,?omas ,beck+ton bi%op ( ,ba? & ,wells1 #adgg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaj4 ,rebus ( ,john ,islip abbot ( ,we/m9/]1 f 8 *antry *apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaa4 ,oriel w9d[ 9 ! ,dean]y at ,wells ) badge ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 & rebus ( ,dean ,gun?orpe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aab4 ,arms & rebus ( ,sir ,john ,pe*ey 7ob4 #aebb71 f pa9t$ glass 9 ,lull+/one *ur*1 ,k5t4 ,"h aga9 x is ne$less to multiply examples ( rebuses1 b ! fun to be got out ( !m is ample ju/ification = urg+ _! adoption & use 9 connexion ) decorative h]aldry4#g #g ,! ,rev4 ,e4 ,e4 ,dorl+ has tak5 = 8 rebus a little door 7doorl+67 ) ! h+es end+ 9 ,e's1 & ! au?or ( ?is book might fitly cont5t himself ) ! an*or ( ,hope6 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,support]s ,! probable ,orig9 ( ,support]s2 ,quasi-,support]s2 ,true ,support]s3 _! ,introduction2 ,support]s ( ,cre/$ ,helms2 ,pairs ( ,support]s2 ,dissimil> ,support]s2 ,! use ( ,support]s by ,ladies2 ,o!r ways ( support+ ,%ields4 ,! misuse ( cre/s to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made un=tunately does n /& alone1 = mod]n arti/s are q z mu* at fault ) reg>d to ! prop] treatm5t ( support]s4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ^! *>m+ adjuncts to h]aldic compositions orig9at$ ) ! seal engrav]s1 9 _! desire to fill up ! vacant space 9 a r\nd seal betwe5 ! %ield & its surr\nd+ m>g94 ,9 ! olde/ examples ?is 0 done by add+ scrollwork or leafage1 b 9 ! seal ( ,humphrey ,bohun e>l ( ,h]e=d1 #abbj1 ! l>ge %ield ( 8 arms is flank$ by two small] %ields ( 8 o!r e>ldom ( ,essex4 ,! same treatm5t occurs 9 ! seal ( 8 gr&son1 ano!r ,humphrey ,bohun e>l ( ,h]e=d & ,essex1 #abih-acbb 7pl4 ,,xix ,b74 ,h5ry de ,laci 7#abeg7 has ! side spaces fill$ by two small wiv]s1 & 9 ! seal ( ,/eph5 ,longespee 7ob4 #abfj7 ! %ield is flank$ by two long swords 7pl4 ,,xix ,a74 ,gilb]t ( ,cl>e e>l ( ,gl\ce/] 7#abfb7 has 8 %ield hung on a peg & accompani$ by two lions back to back1 :ile 9 ! seal ( ,edmund e>l ( ,cornwall 7#abgb7 & son ( ,ri*>d k+ ( ! ,romans ! %ield is held up 9 ! beak ( an imp]ial eagle splay$ or spread out beh9d x4 ,?omas e>l ( ,lanca/] 7#abif7 on bo? 8 l>g] & 8 less] seals has ! %ield flank$ by two wiv]s1 z has also 8 bro!r ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] 7#abih7 7fig4 #fj74 ,sometimes ! %ield is hung ab\t ! neck ( a bird 7fig4 #aac71 or ab\t a bea/1 z 9 ! seal ( ,alan la ,s\*e1 :i* likewise has ! %ield surr\nd$ by a numb] ( lions 7fig4 #aad74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aac4 ,seal ( ,john de ,m\n ) ! %ield slung f an eagle & flank$ by two leop>ds4 ,f ! ,b>ons' ,lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aad4 ,seal ( ,alan la ,s\*e 9 #acja4 ,dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury little def9ite progress 0 made t[>ds true support]s4 ,%ields1 :e!r hung f pegs or ^u trees1 or surm\nt$ by cre/$ helms1 /ill cont9u$ to be flank$ by quasi-support]s1 :i* ( c\rse v>i$ mu* 9 "*4 ,pairs ( wiv]s1 dragons1 & lions1 usually back to back1 ! bett] to fit ! space1 & sometimes ) entw9$ tails1 7 common e>ly 9 ! c5tury1 & %ields ) splay$ eagles beh9d may n infrequ5tly be f\nd 7figs4 #aae1 #aaf74 ,:at may be reg>d$ z true support]s appe> on ! less] seal 7pl4 ,,xii ,a7 ( ,william ,montagu e>l ( ,salisbury 7circa #accg71 :]e9 two griff9s seem to be hold+ up ! %ield1 b x is n until well on 9 ! second half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury t fur!r def9ite in/ances become fairly common4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae4 ,seal ( ,john ,beau*amp ( ,hac*e ) %ield on brea/ ( an eagle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaf4 ,seal ( ,william de ,f]r]s ) %ield ^u an eagle ) two heads4 ,int]e/+ transitional usages may also be f\nd4 ,?us on a seal 7c4 #acej7 ( ,m>g>et ,graunson two wiv]s uphold by _! beaks ! upp] corn]s ( a %ield ( h] husb&'s arms1 :ile a ?ird wiv] simil>ly grips ! po9t4 ,guy de ,bry5 7c4 #acej7 has 8 %ield hung ^u a tree & support$ at ! corn]s by two wiv]s hold+ x by _! beaks4 ,ano!r lady1 ,joan ,fitz,alan1 :o m>ri$ 9 #acfb ,humphrey ,bohun e>l ( ,h]e=d1 has an impal$ %ield ( _! arms held up 9 _! beaks by two ,bohun swans2 & ano!r pair ( swans p]=m ! same (fice 9 a ,fitz,warin seal us$ 9 #acih-i 7pl4 ,,xx ,a74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,ivo ,fitz,warin1 9 #acih-i4 ,b ,pet] de ,mauley1 9 #acgi-hj4 ,c ,sir ,b>?olomew ,burgh]%1 #acig-h4 ,d ,john la ,w>re1 9 #acij4 ,,plate ,,xx4--,%ields ) support]s4 ,a curi\s v>iant f ! ord9>y flank+ pair ( bea/s occurs on ! seal ( ,edmund ,mortim] e>l ( ,m>* 7#acfj-ha71 :]e ! arms are accompani$ by a pair ( lions ) _! heads cov]$ by l>ge helms ) ! e>l's cre/1 a bu% ( fea!rs ris+ f a cr[n4 ,a simil> treatm5t is to be se5 on a seal ( ,john la ,w>re1 z us$ 9 #acij 7pl4 ,,xx ,d74 ,analog\s cases w be not$ on ! seal ( ,sir ,rob]t de ,m>ni 7#acff7 7fig4 #fd71 ^: %ield hangs f a tree & is flank$ by two front+ helms ) tall pairs ( w+s ris+ f caps ( e/ate z cre/s2 also 9 a seal ( ,sir ,b>?olomew ,burgh]% 7#acig-h71 :i* has ! %ield flank$ by two helms cre/$ ) tall soldans' heads1 & surm\nt$ by :at is probably 8 badge1 a swan ) a lady's head 7pl4 ,,xx ,c74 ,a seal ( ,sir ,rog] ,scales 7#acfi-hf7 has 8 seal flank$ by two long-neck$ wiv]s1 & hung by a /rap f ano!r wiv] :i* has twi/$ itself into ! %ape ( ! lett] ,s1 & p]*$ itself on ! upp] edge ( ! %ield4 ,ano!r case ( true support]s is af=d$ by a seal ( ,pet] de ,mauley 9 #acgi-hj1 :]e a %ield surm\nt$ by a fi]ce dragon 7p]haps a badge7 is upheld by small lions 7pl4 ,,xx ,b74 ,o!r support]s ( %ields only may be se5 on seals ( ,?omas ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick 7#acfi71 :]e !y are be>s2 & ( ,rog] ,mortim] e>l ( ,m>* & ,ul/] 7#acha71 :]e !y are lions1 z is also ! case 9 a seal ( ,john ,bat\r us$ 9 #adah-i4 ,9 ea* ( ^! cases ! %ield is hung ^u a tree4 ,9 h]aldic repres5tations :]e ! %ield ( arms is surm\nt$ by a helm & cre/1 !re is ! same hesitation 9 arriv+ at true support]s2 ! space at ! sides be+ fill$ at fir/ by a badge or su* device4 ,?us ,john ( ,gaunt duke ( ,lanca/] 79 #acfb7 introduc$ a pair ( eagles ) hang+ locks 9 _! beaks1 & 8 bro!r ,edmund ( ,langley duke ( ,york 79 #ache7 foll[$ suit ) a c\ple ( falcons hav+ 9 _! beaks scrolls ) scriptures 7pl4 ,,xxi74 ,john ,nevill "l ( ,raby & s5es*al ( ,bordeaux 7#acgh7 flank$ 8 arms1 etc4 ) two lett]s b1 :ile 8 k9sman1 ,sir ,william ,nevill1 us$ 9 #acij a seal ) 8 arms & cre/$ helm accompani$ by two l>ge />s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,john ( ,gaunt duke ( ,lanca/]1 #acfb4 ,b ,edmund ( ,langley duke ( ,york1 #ache4 ,,plate ,,xxi4--,%ields accompani$ by ,badges4 ,! f9e seal ( ,?omas "l ,desp5s] 7be=e #acig7 has on ei!r side ( 8 %ield & cre/$ helm a tree f :i* hangs a loz5ge ( arms3 ! "o be>+ ! ?ree *ev]ons ( ,cl>e1 = 8 lord%ip ( ,glamorgan2 ! o!r ! =k$-tail$ lion ( ! b>ony ( ,burgh]%1 :i* came to him ?r\gh 8 "m 7pl4 ,,xxii ,a74 ,ri*>d ,nevill e>l ( ,salisbury 9 #adbi simil>ly places two angels be>+ %ields3 "o ) ! arms ( ,nevill1 ! o!r ) ! lions ( ,longespee 9 virtue ( 8 e>ldom ( ,salisbury 7pl4 ,,xxii ,b74 ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] 7aft]w>ds ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv7 z e>l ( ,d]by1 etc4 7c4 #ache7 flanks 8 arms & cre/$ helm ) two o/ri* fea!rs entw9$ ) a scroll ) ! scripture s\v]eyne 7pl4 ,,xxiv ,c71 & o!rs ( ! royal h\se simil>ly us$ o/ri* fea!rs ( o!r =ms4 ,edw>d ,v z pr9ce ( ,wales 9 #adga flank$ 8 arms ) two scroll$ o/ri* fea!rs /&+ on l>ge ,york roses4 ,?omas duke ( ,exet] 7#adaf7 plac$ a swan on ei!r side ( 8 armorial a*ievem5t1 & ,william "l ,lovel & ,hol& 7#adbc7 a hang+ lock 7pl4 ,,xxiii ,a72 :ile ,sir ,john ,pelham 7c4 #adcj7 flank$ 8 cre/ ) 8 buckle badge 7pl4 ,,xxiii ,b74 ,on ! f9e seal ( ,?omas "l ,roos ( ,hamlake or ,helmsley 7#adca-fd7 8 peacock cre/ is flank$ by two l>ge fl[]+ plants1 p]haps hemlocks 7pl4 ,,xxiii ,e74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,?omas "l ,desp5s]1 be=e #acig4 ,b ,ri*>d ,nevill e>l ( ,salisbury1 #adbi4 ,,plate ,,xxii4--,quasi-support]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,william "l ,lovel & ,hol&1 #adbc4 ,b ,sir ,john ,pelham1 c4 #adcj4 ,c ,hugh de ,ve]1 #acja4 ,d ,av] de ,ro*e=d1 c4 #accj4 ,e ,?omas "l ,roos ( ,hamlake1 #adca4 ,,plate ,,xxiii4--,%ields accompani$ by badges4 ,by ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ! comb9ation ( support]s ) %ields ( arms surm\nt$ by cre/$ helms _h become fully e/abli%$1 & h5ce=? ! numb] ( beautiful & in/ructive examples is s great t x is unnecess>y to d m ?an illu/rate a typical s]ies 7figs4 #aag-aba74 ,x w be se5 f ^! t 9 seals ! majority ( ! support]s are uphold+ ! heavy helm & its cre/1 & n ! %ield t hangs bel[ x2 probably on acc\nt ( ! nature ( ! design4 ,! support]s1 too1 usually =m pairs1 & x goes )\t say+ t e v>iety ( creature is made to s]ve4 ,sometimes !y are compos$ ( badges1 l ! falcons on crook$ billets us$ by ,william "l ,z\* 7pl4 ,,xxiv ,a71 or ! simil> birds ) 'words' c\pl$ ) oak leaves & ! lett] t t appe> on a seal ( ,sir ,john ,fal/aff us$ 9 #adef 7pl4 ,,xxiv ,b74 ,william "l ,botraux1 9 a seal us$ 9 #adbf1 has 8 armorial ensigns flank$ by two buttresses 7,fr4 botreaux72 :ile ,john "l ,talbot & ,furnival 7#adjf7 has two talbots 7fig4 #abb71 & ,george duke ( ,cl>5ce 7#adfc7 ! black bulls ( ,cl>e 7fig4 #abc74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aag4 ,seal ( ,edmund ,mortim] e>l ( ,m>* & ,ul/]1 #adjj1 ) rampant leop>d support]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aah4 ,seal ( ,sir ,william ,w9dsor1 #acha1 ) eagle support]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aai4 ,seal ( ,william de la ,pole duke ( ,suffolk1 #addh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abj4 ,seal ( ,john ,nevill "l ,montagu1 #adfa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aba4 ,seal ( ,william "l ,ha/+s1 c4 #adfa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abb4 ,seal ( ,john "l ,talbot & ,furnival1 #adjf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abc4 ,seal ( ,george duke ( ,cl>5ce & "l ( ,ri*mond1 #adfb1 ) black bulls ( ,cl>e support+ 8 cre/$ helm4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,william "l ,z\*1 #adcj4 ,b ,sir ,john ,fal/aff1 9 #adef4 ,c ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] e>l ( ,d]by1 #ache4 ,,plate ,,xxiv4--,%ields accompani$ by badges4 ,:]e ! support]s diff] x is usually ! case t !y repres5t m ?an "o dignity4 ,?us on "o ( 8 seals 7fig4 #abd7 ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick 7#adja7 us$ z su* = support]s two muzzl$ be>s hugg+ ragg$ /aves1 b on a lat] seal 7#adba7 z e>l ( ,w>wick & ( ,albem>le ! support]s are a be> & a griff9 7fig4 #abe74 ,s1 too1 8 successor 9 ! title ( e>l ( ,w>wick1 ,ri*>d ,nevill1 on a f9e seal 7c4 #adea-b7 has two muzzl$ be>s = support]s1 b on a lat] seal 7c4 #adfj7 z e>l ( ,w>wick & ,salisbury 8 support]s are a ,w>wick be> & a ,montagu griff9 7fig4 #fi74 ,edmund ,beau=t duke ( ,som]set on 8 seal = ! t[n ( ,bayeux 7c4 #adde7 7fig4 #abf7 has on "o side 8 own eagle support]1 & on ! o!r a spott$ dog-l bea/ ) a cr[n ab\t 8 neck2 & ,ri*>d duke ( ,york & e>l ( ,m>* on 8 seal z gov]nor ( ,france & ,norm&y 9 #adcf has = support]s ! ,york falcon & ! :ite lion ( ,m>*4 ,on ! /all-plate ( ,john ,beau=t duke ( ,som]set & e>l ( ,k5dal 8 arms are support$ by a ,som]set cr[n$ eagle & a my/]i\s bea/ call$ a yale1#h beh9d ea* ( :i* /&s an o/ri* fea!r ) ! quill gobony ( blue & silv]4 #h ,= a full acc\nt ( ! yale or eale see pap]s 9 ! ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 lxviii1 #agc-aii4 ,! adoption ( ! bea/ by ! duke ( ,som]set has n yet be5 expla9$1 b x may be = 8 e>ldom ( ,k5dal & p>tly be a rebus 7,k5d-eale74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abd4 ,seal ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick1 #adja4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe4 ,seal ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick & ( ,albem>le & "l ,desp5s]1 #adba4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abf4 ,seal ( ,edmund duke ( ,som]set = ! t[n ( ,bayeux1 c4 #adde4 ,x is n necess>y "h to cite ! v>i\s support]s borne by ! ,k+s ( ,engl&1 b x may suffice to po9t out t s9ce ! union ( ! cr[ns ( ,engl& & ,scotl& "o ( ! royal support]s has always be5 a lion = ,engl& & ! o!r a unicorn = ,scotl&4 ,9 seals ( m>ri$ ladies 9 :i* _! arms are accompani$ by support]s1 "o (t5 repres5ts ! husb& & ! o!r ! lady's family4 ,?us ,joan ,hol&1 daught] ( ,?omas e>l ( ,k5t1 & wife ( ,edmund ( ,langley duke ( ,york1 has 7aft] #acic7 h] husb&'s half ( h] impal$ %ield support$ by ! falcon ( ,york1 & h] own half by h] fa!r's h9d ) its cr[n coll>4 ,cecily ,nevill1 ! wife ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,york & e>l ( ,m>*1 & "m ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 has ! %ield on h] f9e seal ensign$ by a falcon ( ,york & support$ by a /ag ) cr[n-coll> & *a9 & by a lion ( ,m>* 7fig4 #abg74 ,! ev5 m spl5did seal ( ,elizabe? ,wydville1 que5-consort ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 %[s z h] support]s ! lion ( ,m>* & a lean spott$ bea/ n unlike an ott]1 coll>$ & *a9$ 7pl4 ,,xxv74 ,! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 on ! o!r h&1 ensigns on bo? h] seals h] pat]nal arms ( ,beau=t ) ! ,som]set eagle & uses = h] support]s a pair ( yales 7pls4 ,,xxvi1 ,,xxx74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxv4--,arms ) cr[n & support]s ( ,elizabe? ,wydville1 que5 ( ,edw>d ,,iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxvi4--,arms1 support]s1 & badges ( ! ,lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 #adee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abg4 ,seal ( ,cecily ,nevill1 wife ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,york & "m ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 #adfa4 ,x is ( c\rse all-important t support]s %\ld be %[n /&+ ^u some?+ solid1 & n on s prec>i\s a foot+ z ! edge ( a motto or =k$ scroll4 ,"o ( ! beautiful armorial gr\ps ) ! support]s ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii 9 ,k+'s college *apel at ,cambridge 7fig4 #abh7 %[s h[ effectively & yet unobtrusively ?is may be done4 ,9 ! spl5did panel at ,new ,hall 9 ,essex ) ! cr[n$ arms1 etc4 ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii 8 dragon & greyh\nd support]s /& 9 a bu% ( roses & pomegranates 7fig4 #ahi72 & 9 ! well-kn[n glass at ,ockwells ! support]s h fields full ( fl[]s to /& on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abh4 ,arms & support]s1 a dragon & a greyh\nd1 ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii 9 ,k+'s college *apel at ,cambridge4 ,besides ! m or less regul> use ( support]s j describ$1 !re are a numb] ( curi\s & irregul> ways ( support+ %ields4 ,^! des]ve special att5tion1 n only f _! value 9 %[+ h[ delightfully h]aldry us$ to be play$ )1 b z prec$5ts = simil> v>iety ( treatm5t at ! pres5t day1 :5 support]s s-call$ (t5 d n support any?+4 ,ov] ! doorway1 = example1 ( ! ,national ,portrait ,gall]y 9 ,london ! 'support]s' ( ! royal arms are m]ely a pair ( c[]+ bea/s at ! base ( ! %ield4 ,q an e>ly in/ance ( playful treatm5t is furni%$ by ! seal ( ,rog] ,leyb\rne 7ob4 #abhd74 ,?is has a small bann] /&+ beh9d ! %ield1 :i* is hung on a tree ) side bran*es2 "o ( ^! supports ! cre/$ helm1 & ! o!r ends 9 a bun* ( leaves 7pl4 ,,xi ,a74 ,?omas "l ,hol& & ,wake 7c4 #acec7 has )9 a trac]i$ panel a tree /&+ 9 a rabbit w>r5 & support+ 8 cr[n$ helm ) its huge bu% ( fea!rs4 ,hang+ on ei!r side are two %ields1 "o ) beautiful diap]+ ( 8 lord%ip ( ,wake1 ! o!r 7orig9ally7 ( 8 lord%ip ( ,hol& 7pl4 ,,xxvii ,a74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,?omas "l ,hol& & ,wake1 c4 #acej4 ,b ,m>g>et ,beau*amp1 wife ( ,john ,talbot e>l ( ,%rewsbury1 aft] #adcc4 ,,plate ,,xxvii4--,me?ods ( arrang+ %ields4 ,?omas ( ,wood/ock duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 son ( ,edw>d ,,iii1 us$ f ab\t #ache a lovely seal ) ! /ock ( a tree /&+ )9 a pal+ & surr\nd$ by wat] on :i* float two *a9$ ,bohun swans1 = 8 wife ,eleanor ,bohun2 f ! tree hangs a l>ge %ield ( ! duke's arms1 ) 8 cre/$ helm above1 & f two side bran*es are susp5d$ diap]$ %ields ( ! e>ldom ( ,h]e=d 7azure two b5ds1 "o gold1 ! o!r silv]71 also 9 ref]5ce to 8 ,bohun m>riage4 ,m>g>et daught] ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick1 & wife ( ,john ,talbot e>l ( ,%rewsbury & ,wat]=d1 9 h] f9e %ield 7aft] #adcc7 susp5ds by _! /raps h] fa!r's %ield & ! impal$ %ield ( h] husb& & h]self f ! ragg$ /aff ( h] fa!r's h\se 7pl4 ,,xxvii ,b74 ,?omas ,hol& e>l ( ,k5t us$ 9 #acih a seal be>+ 8 badge ( a :ite h9d ) a cr[n = a coll>1 recl9+ "u a tree1 & ) ! %ield ( 8 arms hang+ r\nd its neck 7pl4 ,,xviii ,b74 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury seal ( ! mayoralty ( ,calais a bo> has a cloak ti$ ab\t 8 neck & fly+ upw>ds bann]-wise to display ! arms ( ! t[n1 :i* 7 b>ry wavy ) a cr[n$ 787 leop>d rampant 7fig4 #abi74 ,a simil> treatm5t occurs on ! half-flor9 ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii1 :i* has = device a cr[n$ sitt+ leop>d ) a cloak ab\t 8 neck ) ! royal arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abi4 ,seal ( ! mayoralty ( ,calais4 ,on "o ( 8 seals z reg5t ( ,france 7#adbb-ce7 ,john duke ( ,b$=d has an eagle /&+ ) "o leg ^u 8 badge1 ! root ( a tree1 & hold+ 9 its o!r claw a %ield ( 8 arms4 ,william "l ,fitz ,hugh 7#adbi7 & ( ,m>mion %[s on 8 seal 8 qu>t]$ %ield ensign$ by 8 helm & cre/1 :i* 0 app>5tly a lion's head4 ,! re/ ( ! bea/ is some:at incongru\sly squatt+ beh9d ! %ield & has ! paws ?ru/ out on ea* side to grasp two bann]s ( arms t complete ! composition 7pl4 ,,xxviii ,a74 ,a simil> pair ( bann]s appe>s on ! seal ( ,walt] "l ,hung]=d1 :i* has ! %ield 'support$' by two ,hung]=d sickles1 & surm\nt$ by ! cre/$ helm1 ) flank+ bann]s ( ! arms ( ! lord%ips ( ,heytesbury & ,hussey 7fig4 #acj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acj4 ,seal ( ,walt] "l ,hung]=d ) bann]s ( ,heytesbury & ,hussey or ,homet1 c4 #adbj4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,william "l ,fitz,hugh 7#adbi7 & ( ,m>mion4 ,b ,m>g>et lady ,hung]=d & ,botreaux1 #adfb4 ,,plate ,,xxviii4--,examples ( bann]s ( arms4 ,bann]s also figure prom95tly on ! *>m+ seal ( ,m>g>et lady ( ,hung]=d & ,botreaux 7#adfb7 7pl4 ,,xxviii ,b74 ,%e 0 ! daught] ( ,william "l ,botreaux & ,m>g>et ,beaumont1 & wife ( ,sir ,rob]t ,hung]=d1 :o di$ 9 #adei4 ,! seal %[s ! lady 9 h] wid['s dress 'sitt+ ^u h] knees' 9 a g>d51 & read+ f a book "s words :i* are inscrib$ on a scroll ab\t h] head4 ,ov]%ad[+ h] are two l>ge bann]s ( impal$ arms3 "o ( ,hung]=d & ,botreaux1 upheld by a lion2 ! o!r ( ,botreaux & ,beaumont1 upheld by a griff94 ,on _m late ?irte5? & e>ly f\rte5? c5tury seals x 0 n uncommon to repres5t ladies hold+ up %ields ( arms4 ,a delightful example t may be cit$ is t ( ,emmel9e ,fitz,gerald1 & wife ( ,/eph5 ,longespee1 :o is uphold+ h] fa!r's %ield 9 h] "r & h] husb&'s 9 h] left h&4 ,bel[ ea* %ield is a leop>d ( ,engl& to %[ h] husb&'s close relation%ip to ! royal h\se1 & on ea* side ( h] is a long sword4 ,%e di$ 9 #acca 7pl4 ,,xxix ,b74 ,a few cases occur :]e a man himself acts z ! support] ( 8 arms4 ,"o ( ! %ields ( ,h5ry ,p]cy e>l ( ,nor?umb]l& 7#acgg7 %[s him 9 arm\r1 /&+ beh9d a l>ge %ield ( ,p]cy :i* he supports ) 8 left h&4 ,8 "r is ^u ! hilt ( a sword ) ! belt wrapp$ ab\t x1 & aga9/ 8 left %\ld] re/s a bann] ) ! ,p]cy lion4 ,! e>l appe>s 9 simil> fa%ion 9 ano!r ( 8 seals z "l ( ,cock]m\? 7#acic74 ,9 ?is ! %ield is qu>t]ly ( ,p]cy & ,lucy1 & is grasp$ z be=e by 8 left h&1 :ile ! "r holds up a p5non *>g$ ) 8 badge ( a cresc5t 7pl4 ,,xxix ,a74 ,x mu/ suffice to quote "o la/ piece ( playfulness1 a seal ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,york & e>l ( ,m>* & ,ul/] 7ob4 #adfj7 z ju/ice-9-eyre ( ! =e/s4 ,?is has 8 %ield ( arms susp5d$ ab\t ! neck ( a ,york falcon1 & enclos$ by ! horns ( a buck's head 9 base1 9 ref]5ce to 8 (fice4 ,^u ! buck's horns are fix$ two small h&s = ! duke's e>ldom ( ,ul/] 7pl4 ,,xxix ,c74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,h5ry ,p]cy e>l ( ,nor?umb]l&1 #acgg4 ,b ,emmel9 ,fitz,gerald1 wife ( ,/eph5 ,longespee1 c4 #abej4 ,c ,ri*>d duke ( ,york1 z ,ju/ice 9 ,eyre ( ,=e/s1 ob4 #adfj4 ,,plate ,,xxix4--,ways ( uphold+ %ields4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,bann]s ,,( ,,arms ,! ,royal ,bann] ( ,arms2 ! ,bann] ( ! ,arms ( ! ,city ( ,london2 ,%apes ( ,bann]s2 ,sizes ( c]ta9 ,bann]s2 ,upright v]sus ,long ,bann]s2 ,advantages ( ! upright =m2 ,bann]s ) ,a*ievem5ts ( ,arms2 ,mod]n ,use ( ,bann]s4 ,repres5tations ( bann]s con/antly occur 9 m$ieval pictures 7fig4 #aca72 &1 z has be5 %[n above1 !y are n infrequ5t ^u seals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aca4 ,knights ) bann]s1 f an illum9ation 9 ,royal ,,ms4 #ai ,b ,,xv 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,e "o is famili> ) ! bann] ( ! royal arms t betok5s ! pres5ce ( ! ,k+1 & ) our spl5did national bann] kn[n z ! ,union ,jack4 ,! bann] ) ! arms ( ! city t is fl[n above ! ,mansion ,h\se :5 ! "l mayor is 9 resid5ce is famili> to ,london]s1 & ! citiz5s ( ,ro*e/] are equally accu/om$ to see ! bann] ( _! city fly+ on ,sundays & holidays f ! great t[] ( _! ca/le4 ,let a bann] once be reg>d$ 9 ! light ( a rectangul> %ield & its fitness to conta9 armorial be>+s imm$iately becomes app>5t4 ,! ,k+'s bann] is n[ always miscall$ '! royal /&>d1' ev5 9 (ficial language1 ?\gh h]aldically x is n a /&>d at all1 b simply a bann]4 ,m$ieval bann]s at fir/ 7 oblong 9 %ape1 & set upright ) a long] side next ! /aff4 ,9 ! late ?irte5? c5tury pictures =m]ly 9 ! pa9t$ *amb] 9 ! palace ( ,we/m9/] ! bann]s borne by ! knights 7 m ?an twice z tall z !y 7 broad4 ,! same proportion survives ev5 9 ! fam\s pictorial pageant ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick1 drawn ab\t #adic2i b ! majority ( ! bann]s !re9 %[n h a height "o & ?ree-qu>t] times ! wid?1 :i* is bett] = ! display ( h]aldry4 ,?is is also ! proportion ( ! bann]s on ,william "l ,hung]=d's seal 7fig4 #acb71 b ! bann]s ) impal$ arms on lady ,hung]=d's seal are ne>ly squ>e 7fig4 #acc74 ,on ! monum5t 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur* ( ,lewis "l ,b\r*i] 7ob4 #adca7 ! l>ge qu>t]$ bann]s at ! ends1 upheld by lions & eagles1 are slightly less ?an a squ>e & a half 9 area1 & admirably proportion$ = display+ arms 7fig4 #acd74 ,! bann] ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 ':i* also hung ov] 8 grave' 9 ,/4 ,george's *apel 9 ,w9dsor ca/le1 is describ$ z ( ',taffaty1 & !reon pa9t$ qu>t]ly ,france & ,engl&2 x _h 9 bread? ?ree foot f\r in*es1 besides a ,fr+e ( ab\t an in* broad1 & 9 dep? five foot & f\r in*es1 besides ! ,fr+e4'#aj ,a%mole1 9 8 description ( ! bann]s hung above ! /alls ( ! ,knights ( ! ,g>t]1 /ates 79 #afgb7 t '! fa%ion ( ! ,sov]aign's & all ! ,knight-,companions ,bann]s are squ>e2 b x do? no :]e appe> to u1 ( :at size _! ,bann]s anci5tly 72 yet 9 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s ,reign1 we f9d !m two y>ds & a qu>t] long1 & a y>d & ?ree qu>t]s broad1 beside ! ,fr+e 7:i* is made ( ,gold or ,silv] & ,silk1 ( ! col\rs 9 ! ,wrea?7 & !reon are wr\ght or beat5 ^u ,taffaty-,s>c5et1 d\ble-,s>c5et1 or ri* ,taffaty1 ) f9e ,gold & ,col\rs1 on bo? sides1 ! pat]nal ,coat ( ! ,knights ,companion1 toge!r ) 8 ,qu>t]+s1 or s _m ( !m z he please to make use (1 :]e9 ,g>t] is to take c>e t !y be w>rantly m>%all$4444 ,^! ,bann]s ( ,arms are fix$ to ! end ( long ,/aves1 pa9t$ 9 ,oyl1 =m]ly ) ! ,col\rs ( ! ,wrea?1 b n[ ,r$4'#aa #i ,brit4 ,mus4 ,cott4 ,,ms4 ,julius ,e4 ,,iv4 #aj ,elias ,a%mole1 ,! ,in/itution1 ,laws & ,c]emonies ( ! mo/ ,noble ,ord] ( ! ,g>t] 7,london1 #afgb71 #adi4 #aa ,ibid4 #cce1 #ccf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acb4 ,seal ( ,walt] "l ,hung]=d ) bann]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acc4 ,"p ( ! seal ( ,m>g>et lady ,hung]=d1 ) impal$ bann] held up by a lion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acd4 ,tomb ( ,lewis ,robs>t "l ,b\r*i]1 ,k4,g4 7ob4 #adca71 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*1 ) bann]s ( arms upheld by support]s4 ,! rem>k "h z to ! qu>t]+s1 9 view ( ! comm5ts ^u !m 9 an e>li] page ( ?is book1 is int]e/+1 b x is m important to note t bo? ! bann] ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 & ^? ( ! ,knights ( ! ,g>t] 9 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s "t1 7 ( simil> proportions to ^? on ! ,b\r*i] monum5t4 ,! fact is t ! h]aldic draughtsm5 ( ev5 ?is late p]iod 7 fully z aw>e z _! pr$ecessors ( ! difficulty ( draw+ arms 9 a bann] t exce$$ ! wid? ( a squ>e1 & !y also appreciat$ ! great] advantage ( an area t 0 n>r[] ?an t figure4 ,! long] =m ( bann] may be tol]at$ = s simple a comb9ation z ! ,union ,jack1 or ev5 = su* ( its compon5t p>ts z ! cross ( ,/4 ,&rew or ! saltire ( ,/4 ,patrick1 b x is r>ely possible s to arrange h]aldry ^u x z to look well1 & ev5 ! cross ( ,/4 ,george looks bett] upright ?us ,illu/ration ?an ,illu/ration :5 ext5d$ unduly horizontally4 ,9 ! ,k+'s bann] z at pres5t borne x is practically impossible to draw ! arms arti/ically1 or ) a prop] balanc+ relation ( field & *>ge 7fig4 #ace74 ,! leop>ds ( ,engl& may be s outrage\sly l5g!n$ & att5uat$ z ne>ly to fill ! qu>t]s allott$ to !m1 b x is impracticable to display prop]ly ! upright =m ( ! ramp+ lion ( ,scotl& or to exp& horizontally ! ,iri% h>p4 ,9 ! bann]1 too1 ( ! "l mayor ( ,london z us$ on ! ,mansion ,h\se to-day1 ! sword ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ! qu>t] c only be drawn ( ! comp>ative size ( ,sir ,william ,walwor?'s dagg]1 :i* x is 9 consequ5ce s absurdly mi/ak5 to be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ace4 ,! ,k+'s bann] or 'royal /&>d' z n[ borne4 ,71 h[ev]1 ! ,k+'s arms 7see frontispiece7 & ^? ( 8 city ( ,london plac$ on upright oblong or ev5 squ>e bann]s1 all difficulties ( draw+ !m w\ld be avoid$1 & f appe>+ to be gl>+ examples ( mean mod]n h]aldry !y w\ld =?) become f9e pieces ( arti/ic decoration4 ,a close approximation to ! bett] way ( display+ ! ,k+'s arms is illu/rat$ by ! lately adopt$ bann]s ( ,que5 ,m>y & ,que5 ,alex&ra1 bo? ( :i* %[ ! ,sov]eign's arms impal+ ^? ( 8 consort4 ,! ,k+'s arms are ?us re/rict$ to half ! usual l5g? ( ! pres5t 'royal /&>d1' t is1 to a squ>e1 & s c be drawn ) less wa/e space on ei!r side ( ! *>ges4 ,:atev] be _! %ape1 bann]s1 l %ields1 ought z a rule to be cov]$ completely ) ! h]aldry1 l ! bann]s ( ! ,knights ( ! ,g>t] at ,w9dsor 7:i*1 ?\gh mod]n1 are q good 9 ?is respect7 & ^? ( m rec5t in/itution ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,george 9 ,/4 ,paul's ca!dral *ur*4 ,examples are n lack+1 ev5 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 ( bann]s *>g$ ) regul> h]aldic a*ievem5ts in/ead ( arms1 & q an int]e/+ s]ies may be f\nd among ! ,w9dsor /all-plates4 ,two small oblong plates ( ,sir ,pet] ,c\rt5ay & ,h5ry "l ,fitz,hugh are practically complete bann]s ( _! arms1 b ,walt] "l ,hung]=d 7aft] #adbf7 displays 8 arms1 ) helm1 cre/1 & mantl+1 ^u a dull black bann] ) fr+$ gold bord] atta*$ to a wri!n gild$ /aff 7fig4 #acf74 ,ri*>d ,nevill e>l ( ,salisbury 7c4 #adcf7 7fig4 #acg71 ,john e>l ( ,%rewsbury 7c4 #adec71 ,john "l ,tipt(t 7c4 #adfa71 & sev]al o!rs h _! arms1 etc4 on pla9 gold-col\r$ fr+$ bann]s1 b ,ri*>d "l ,riv]s 7c4 #adej71 ,?omas "l ,/anley 7c4 #adei71 & ,george duke ( ,cl>5ce 7c4 #adfa7 h ! field work$ all ov] ) decorative scroll-"w4 ,sir ,john ,grey ( ,ru?9 7c4 #adci7 also displays 8 arms on an und\bt$ bann] ) black gr\nd & gold fr+e & /aff 7fig4 #ach71 & ,william "l ,fauconb]g 7c4 #addj7 on a bann] ) ! field b5dy ( blue & silv]1 ) a gold fr+e & /aff4 ,x is n improbable t sev]al o!r quadrangul> /all-plates ) col\r$ gr\nds repres5t bann]s4 ,edmund ( ,langley duke ( ,york has ! field paly ( ?ree pieces ( silv]1 gre51 & black2 ,john duke ( ,b$=d 7#adbb-c7 has a gr\nd p>ty blue & silv]1 & ,?omas duke ( ,exet] 7c4 #adbb7 a gr\nd all black4 ,john duke ( ,som]set 7c4 #addj7 has ! field ( 8 plate b5dy ( silv]1 r$1 & gre51 ) a gild$ bord] ( scroll$ leaves2 & ,walt] "l ,m\ntjoy 7c4 #adgb7 disposes ! same ?ree col\rs 9 v]tical /ripes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acf4 ,/all-plate1 z a bann]1 ( ,walt] "l ,hung]=d1 aft] #adbf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acg4 ,/all-plate1 z a bann]1 ( ,ri*>d ,nevill e>l ( ,salisbury1 c4 #adcf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ach4 ,/all-plate1 z a bann]1 ( ,sir ,john ,grey ( ,ru?91 c4 #adci4 ,two simil> displays ( h]aldic a*ievem5ts are to be f\nd 9 a manuscript at ! ,h]alds' ,college4#ab ,9 "o ( ^! ! arms1 etc4 ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,nanfant 7ob4 #aejf-g7 are pa9t$ ^u a quadrangul> field p>ty ( blue & gre54 ,9 ! o!r ! impal$ %ield ( ,sir ,ri*>d & 8 dame1 upheld by an angel1 is pa9t$ ^u a gr\nd hav+ ! upp] ?ree-f\r?s r$ & ! f\r? "p pale p9k4#ac #ab ,,ms4 ,m #c4 #ac ,illu/rat$ ,catalogue ( ! ,h]aldic ,exhibition1 ,burl+ton ,h\se1 #ahid 7,london1 #ahif71 pl4 xxviii4 ,9 mod]n practice !re is no conceivable reason :y bann]s = ! display ( arms %\ld n be m widely adopt$2 n only z bann]s prop]1 to fly ^u a /aff1 b 9 decorative art1 su* z pa9t+1 sculpture1 & embroid]y4 ,bo? ! ,royal ,society & ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies regul>ly notify _! exi/5ce 9 ,burl+ton ,h\se by display+ bann]s ( _! arms ov] _! ap>tm5ts1 & _! example is "o t might be foll[$ by o!r corporations entitl$ to be> arms4 ,on ! use ( bann]s by individuals x is unnecess>y to ent] aft] ! useful s]ies ( examples & usages !re( already not$4 ,! curi\s flags kn[n z /&>ds1 :i* 7 9 use dur+ ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 seem to h be5 borne simply = display 9 pageants or at fun]als4 ,= decorative purposes !y are mo/ effective1 & z !y 7 anci5tly borne by m5 ( e degree d[n to & includ+ esquires1 !y might ) mu* advantage f ! arti/ic /&po9t aga9 be devis$ & br\ght into use4 ,a /&>d 7fig4 #aci7 0 a long n>r[ flag ) ! l[] edge horizontal1 & ! upp] gradually desc5d+ f ! /aff to ! extremity1 :i* 0 split into two r\nd$ ends4 ,a comp>tm5t next ! /aff always conta9$ ! arms ( ,/4 ,george4 ,! re/ ( ! gr\nd n infrequ5tly 0 =m$ ( two1 ?ree1 or f\r horizontal /ripes ( ! liv]y col\rs ( ! own]1 & divid$ into ?ree sections by two slant+ b&s ) 8 ^w1 reason1 or motto4 ,^u ! section next to ! ,/4 ,george's cross 0 g5]ally display$ ! pr9cipal bea/ or o!r device ( ! be>] & 9 lat] times ! cre/ on a torse1 :ile ! o!r sections & ! field 9 g5]al 7 p[d]$ ) badges or rebuses4 ,! :ole 0 fr+$ ( ! liv]y col\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aci4 ,/&>d ( ,sir ,h5ry ,/af=d1 ,k4,g4 c4 #adge4 ,! s]ies illu/rat$ 9 ! volume 9 ! ,de ,wald5 ,libr>y on ,bann]s1 ,/&>ds1 & ,badges f a ,tudor ,manuscript 9 ! ,college ( ,arms w supply ample evid5ce ( ! playful composition ( anci5t /&>ds1 & h9ts z to ! way 9 :i* !y may be inv5t$ n[adays4 ,p5nons 7 small & n>r[ flags ( v>y+ l5g?1 sometimes po9t$1 sometimes swall[-tail$ at ! end1 fix$ bel[ ! po9t ( a lance or spe> & c>ri$ by ! own] z 8 p]sonal ensign 7fig4 #adj74 ,t held by ,sir ,john d',ab]n\n 9 8 well-kn[n brass 7c4 #abgg7 at ,/oke d',ab]n\n is %ort & po9t$ & fr+$1 & be>s 8 arms 7azure a *ev]on gold74 ,a contempor>y illu/ration ( a l>ge & m flutt]+ =m ( p5non is to be se5 9 fig4 #ada4 ,an example ( a p5non *>g$ ) a badge1 9 ! %ape ( ! ,p]cy cresc5t1 occurs on ! seal ( ,h5ry ,p]cy e>l ( ,nor?umb]l&1 :o is %[n ) x 9 8 h& 7pl4 ,,xxix ,a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adj4 ,knights ) p5nons1 f an illum9ation 9 ,royal ,,ms4 #ai ,b ,,xv 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ada4 ,arm$ ,knights c>ry+ p5nons1 temp4 ,edw>d ,i1 f an illum9ation 9 ,arundel ,,ms4 #hc f4 #acb4 ,9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies x 0 n unusual to set up on gables1 p9nacles1 & o!r high places figures ( animals hold+ bann]s z vanes or ornam5ts4 ,h]aldic bea/s z f9ials began to be us$ ev5 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & an example s e>ly z #abcg is not$ on ! ,pipe ,roll ( #bb ,h5ry ,,iii1 :5 a *>ge occurs '= mak+ & sett+ up a c]ta9 lion ( /one ^u ! gable ( ! ,k+'s hall'#ad )9 ! ca/le ( ,w9dsor4 ,examples ( ! f\rte5? c5tury are h>d to f9d1 b 9 ! fifte5? c5tury & fir/ half ( ! sixte5? !y are common en\gh4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! lat] examples ! creatures sit up & support %ields ) arms or badges2 "s1 l ! f9e gr\ps at ,mapp]ton 9 ,dorset1 once held vanes z well4 #ad ',et 9 quodam leone de petra faci5do et erig5do sup] gabulum 9 eadem aula4' ,e>ly vanes f _! t5d5cy to decay are r>e4 ,9 #aceb-c #ads4 7 sp5t '^u a vane ( copp] pa9t$ ) ! k+'s arms1 b\ght to be put ^u ! top ( ! hall ( ! k+'s college'#ae 9 ,w9dsor ca/le2 & a delightful example1 also ( copp]1 pi]c$ ) ! arms ( ,sir ,william ,et*+ham1 its build] 7ob4 #achi71 /ill surm\nts ! /eeple ( ,et*+ham *ur* 9 ,sussex 7fig4 #adb74 ,a simple specim5 ( an iron vane may yet be se5 on ,c[dray ,h\se 9 ! same c\nty4 ,! octagonal /eeple ( ,fo!r+ay *ur*1 ,nor?ants1 built at ! co/ ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,york c4 #adce1 is surm\nt$ by a f9e repres5tation 9 copp] ( 8 badge1 ! falcon )9 a fett]lock4 #ae ',et 9 una vane de cupro picta de armis ,regis empta ad pon5dum sup] summitatem aule ,collegij ,regis ibidem1 xiiij s4' ,pipe ,roll1 #bh ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adb4 ,armorial vane on ,et*+ham *ur*1 ,sussex4 ,! employm5t ( a creature to hold up a bann] ( arms 0 already no novelty 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & examples h be5 not$ above ( ^? on ! tomb ( ,lewis "l ,b\r*i] 7ob4 #adca7 & on ! seal ( ,m>g>et lady ,hung]=d 7c4 #adfj72 to :i* may be add$ ! bann]-be>+ lion on ! seal 7c4 #addb7 ( ,h5ry ,p]cy1 elde/ son ( ,h5ry second e>l ( ,nor?umb]l&4 ,! conv]sion !re=e ( ! sitt+ bea/ into a vane-hold] came ab\t q naturally4 ,a good in/ance ( ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury =ms a *>m+ f9ial to ! well-kn[n kit*5 at ,/anton ,h>c\rt 9 ,ox=d%ire1 b ! griff9 :i* sits al(t !re has1 alas1 no long] a vane to hold 7fig4 #adc74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adc4 ,vane =m]ly ^u ! f9ial ( ! kit*5 ro( at ,/anton ,h>c\rt1 ,oxon4 ,q an array ( su* vane-hold]s 0 set up e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ^u ! p9nacles ( ! nave cl]e/ory ( ,/4 ,george's *apel 9 ,w9dsor ca/le1 & ! contract made 9 #aejf = complet+ ! quire 9 l fa%ion provides = 'z well ! vautte )9 fur? z ar*ebot5s1 cre/ys1 corses1 & ! ,k+'s be/es /ondyng on !ym to b]e ! fanes on ! outside ( ! said qu]e1 & ! crea/s1 corses 7&7 bea/s above on ! outsides ( ,mai/] ,john ,%ornes ,*appell4' ,! contract made 9 #aeaa = f9i%+ ! adjac5t ,lady *apel also includes 'mak+ up cre/s1 corses1 & ! ,k+'s be/es /ondyng on !ym to b]e fur? squy*ons ) armes4' ,^! bea/s hold+ _! glitt]+ vanes seem to h be5 complet$ only s f> z ! great *apel 0 conc]n$1 & are pla9ly %[n 9 ,holl>'s engrav+ ( ! build+2 b !y 7 all tak5 d[n 9 #afhb by ! advice ( ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 :o sugge/$ t p9eapples be set up 9 _! /ead6 ,ano!r m5tion ( figures ) vanes occurs 9 ! contract made 9 #aedf = ! build+ ( ! ,cov5try cross3 ,& fur!r to set on e pr9cipall p9nacle 9 ! l[e/ /ory ( ! same new ,crosse1 ! ,ymage or a ,bea/ or a f\le1 hold+ up a fane1 & on ev]ie pr9cipall p9nacle 9 ! second /ory ! image ( a nak$ boy ) a ,t>gett1 & hold+ a ,fane4#af #af ,t4 ,he>ne1 ,lib] ,nig]1 ii4 #fbj4 ,^! bea/s1 f[ls1 & boys obvi\sly p]=m$ a d\ble duty1 l ! creatures on ,mapp]ton manor-h\se4 ,! exact nature ( ! ',k+'s be/es' at ,w9dsor & else:]e is illu/rat$ by ! acc\nts = ! build+ ( ! great hall ( ,hampton ,c\rt 9 #aecc-d4 ,^! include paym5ts '= ! workyng & makyng ( a lyon & a dragon 9 /one1 /&yng at ! ,gabull ends ( ! said hall'2 '= two pynnys ( irne = /ayes = ! two be/s ( fre/on1 /&yng at ! gabyll endes ( ! haull'2 & '= gyld+ & payntyng ( two vanys1 s]vyng ! be/s ( fre/on /ondyng at ! endes uppon ! haull1 oon ( ! ,kynges armys1 ! o!r ( ! ,qu5ys1 wr[ghte wy? fyne golde & 9 owyle4' ,fur!r paym5ts are '= makyng ( #bi ( ! ,kynges be/es to /& ^u ! new batilm5ts ( ! ,kynges ,new ,hall1 & uppon ! fem]ell ( ! said ,hall' & '= #af vanys = ! be/es /&yng ^u ! battylm5t ( ! hall4' ,also '= ! payntyng ( #f great lyons1 /&yng ab[ght ! b>tyllm5t1 ( tymb] worke1 uppon ! ,kynges ,new ,hall1 !yre vaynys gylte ) fyne golde & 9 oyle1' & = ! pa9t+ '( #d great dragons ( #f gre:\nds s]vyng ! same b>ttylm5t4' ,!re are also paym5ts to a ',k>v]1 = k>vyng & c\tt+ ( #b gre:ondes1 oon lyb]t1 s]vyng to /&e uppon ! typpis ( ! vycys ab[ght ! ,kynges new haull1' & to a 'paynt]1 = gyldyng & payntyng ( #b gre:ondes1 oon lyb]t1 syttyng ^u basys b>yng vanys1 uppon ! typys at ! haull endes'2 likewise '= gyldyng & payntyng ( #bd vanys ) ! ,kynges armes & ! ,qu5es badges4'#ag #ag ,erne/ ,law1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace 7,london #aijc71 i4 #cdf-h4 ,! free use ( ext]nal col\r+ %\ld be not$4 ,! use ( ! ,k+'s bea/s z h]aldic adjuncts 0 n conf9$ at ,hampton ,c\rt to ! build+ only1 b !y 7 made to d duty1 9 an equally delightful mann]1 z g>d5 decorations4 ,?us ! paym5ts already quot$ include *>ges = makyng & entayll+ ( #ch ( ! ,kynges & ! qu5ys ,bee/es1 9 free/on1 b>y+ %yldes wy! ! ,kynges armes & ! ,qu5ys2 t ys to say1 f[re drag[nes1 seyx lyones1 fyve gre:\ndes1 fyve h>ttes1 f\re ,innycornes1 s]vyng to /& ab[ght ! ponddes 9 ! pond y]d2 = cuttyng & intayl+ ( a lyon & grey-h\nd 9 free/oon1 t is to say1 ! lyon b>y+ a vane ) ! ,kynges armes1 c4 s]vyng to /& uppon ! bases ( free/on ab\ght ! ponds2 = pynnes s]vyng ! pyll]s ( free/oon t ! bea/es /&y? uppon ab[ght ! ponds 9 ! pond y]d2 = payntyng ( #cj /oon be/s /&yng uppon bases ab[ght ! pondes 9 ! pond y]d1 = workman%ip1 oyle1 & coll]s4 ,also = payntyng (f #ahj po/es wy? :ite & gr5e#ah & 9 oyle 444 /&yng 9 ! ,kynges new g>d52 also = lyke payntyng ( #if p[n*eones wy? :ite & gr5e1 & 9 oyle1 wr\ght wy? fyne antyke uppon bo? ! sydes b]yng up ! rayles 9 ! sayd ,g>d52 also = lyke payntyng ( #ifj y]des 9 leyng! ( ,rayle4#ai #ah ,:ite & gre5 7 ! liv]y col\rs ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii4 #ai ,law1 op4 cit4 i4 #cgj1 #cga4 ,! qua9t aspect ( su* an h]aldic g>d5 has be5 pres]v$ to u 9 ! l>ge picture at ,hampton ,c\rt itself ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii & 8 family4 ,?is has at ei!r end ar*ways 9 :i* /& ,w ,som]s ! ,k+'s je/] & ,jane ! fool1 & beh9d !m are delightful peeps ( ! g>d51 ) its l[ brick bord]s c>ry+ gre5 & :ite rail+s1 & its gay fl[] b$s f :i* rise tall pa9t$ po/s surm\nt$ by ! ,k+'s bea/s hold+ up _! glitt]+ vanes 7figs4 #add1 #ade74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #add4 ,"p ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii's g>d5 at ,hampton ,c\rt1 f a contempor>y picture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ade4 ,"p ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii's g>d5 at ,hampton ,c\rt1 f a contempor>y picture4 ,be=e f9ally leav+ ! subject ( bann]s1 a few rem>ks may be (f]$ t\*+ our beautiful national bann] :i* we call ! ,union ,jack4 ,?is *>m+ & int]e/+ composition is n only1 9 a l>ge numb] ( cases :5 x is fl[n1 display$ upside d[n1 b 9 a /ill great] numb] ( in/ances x is made q incorrectly4 ,! fir/ ,union ,jack1 t 9 use f #afjf to #ahja1 comb9+ z x did only ! cross ( ,/4 ,george = ,engl& & ! saltire ( ,/4 ,&rew = ,scotl&1 pres5t$ little difficulty1 s9ce !re 0 practically no excuse = n draw+ ! ,/4 ,&rew's cross /raight ?r\gh f corn] to corn]4 ,b ! pres5t ,union ,jack is a mu* m difficult bann] to draw1 z well z to und]/&1 & ! prevail+ ignorance ( its hi/ory ev5 among s-call$ 'educat$' p is extraord9>y4 ,! ,union ,jack consi/s actually ( 7i7 ! bann] ( ,/4 ,george ) its :ite field r$uc$ to a n>r[ edg+ on all sides ( ! r$ cross1 to enable x to be sup]pos$1 )\t break+ ! h]aldic rule ( col\r ^u col\r1 ^u 7ii7 ! blue bann] ( ,/4 ,&rew ) 8 :ite cross2 b s9ce ! ,union ) ,irel& !re has be5 comb9$ ) ^! 7iii7 ! bann] ( ,/4 ,patrick1 :i* has a r$ saltire ^u a :ite field4 ,?is comb9ation1 9 ord] to meet ,scotti% susceptibilities1 has be5 effect$ 9 a v peculi> b +5i\s way1 fir/ by treat+ ! ,iri% bann] l t ( ,engl&1 & r$uc+ its :ite field to a n>r[ edg+ ab\t ! saltire1 & !n by slitt+ ?is d[n ! middle ( ea* arm1 & jo9+ ! pieces to ! opposite sides ( ,/4 ,&rew's saltire simil>ly treat$1 yet s t ! ,scotti% pieces are upp]mo/ next ! /aff4 ,x ?us comes ab\t t :atev] be ! %ape ( ! flag1 :e!r squ>e or oblong1 two /raight l9es drawn across x diagonally f corn] to corn] %\ld always equally divide ! ,scotti% & ,iri% crosses1 & if ?is _c be done ! flag is n correctly built up 7pl4 ,,xxxi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 ,,"r ,,& ,,wrong ,,v]sions ,,( ,,! ,,union ,,jack4 ,x also happ5s t unless ! flag is exactly squ>e ! blue sections ( ! field mu/ diff] m or less 9 size4 ,ignorant flag-mak]s try to correct ?is1 b only by dislocat+ 9 ! middle ! diagonal l9es t ought always to be /raight & cont9u\s4 ,! "r way up ( a ,union ,jack is indicat$ by ! ,scotti%1 t is1 ! broad] :ite1 half ( ! diagonal memb]s be+ always upp]mo/ 9 ! two pieces next ! /aff4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,m>%all+ ,,( ,,arms ,arms ( husb& & wife2 ,dimidiat+2 ,impal+2 ',scut*eons ( ,pret5ce2 ,impalem5t ) ,(ficial ,arms2 ,arms ( ladies2 ,h]aldic ,draw+2 ,mottoes2 ,use & ,misuse ( ! ,g>t]2 ,lett]+ & ,mottoes4 ,9 ga!r+ up = practical consid]ation "s ( ! po9ts already discuss$1 z well z o!rs t are sugge/$ by !m1 some?+ may fir/ be said on ! ways ( comb9+ ! arms ( husb& & wife4 ,?is 0 done orig9ally by simply sett+ !m side by side1 a plan :i* ( c\rse may /ill be foll[$ :5ev] x is ?\ght desirable4 ,= a %ort "t dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! ?irte5? & beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ! arms ( husb& & wife 7 comb9$ 9 "o %ield by ! curi\s device ( halv+ or 'dimidiat+' !m1 by jo9+ ! half ( ! "o to ! opposite half ( ! o!r1 z 9 ! arms ( ,aym] ( ,val5ce & ,m>y de ,seynt ,pol1 /ill borne 7s9ce #acdg7 by ! lady's f\ndation ( ,pembroke college at ,cambridge4 ,ow+ h[ev] to ! _m inconv5i5ces :i* ?is plan involv$1 x 0 soon ex*ang$ = ! m simple way ( 'impal+' or plac+ ! entire arms ( bo? p>ties side by side 9 "o %ield 7fig4 #adf & pls4 ,,viii ,c1 ,,xviii ,a1 ,b71 a practice t has cont9u$ ev] s9ce1 except :5 ! wife is an heiress4 ,9 t case ! lady's arms are usually drawn ^u a small] %ield & plac$ ^u ! middle ( ! husb&'s arms 7pl4 ,v ,a74 ,?is ugly & mo/ inconv5i5t plan1 ?\gh ( consid]able antiquity1 might v well be am5d$ by ! m anci5t way ( qu>t]+ ! arms toge!r1 z is /ill done by ! *ildr5 ( ! heiress4 ,= rules = ! comb9ation ( ! arms ( a husb& :o has m>ri$ two or m wives1 or ! cumbr\s regulations z to qu>t]+1 ! /ud5t may1 if he wi%es1 consult ! v>i\s manuals ( h]aldry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adf4 ,%ield ( ,bry5 impal+ ,bures1 f a brass 9 ,acton *ur*1 ,suffolk4 ,:5 a man is a memb] ( any ,ord]1 su* z ! ,g>t] or ! ,ba?1 only 8 own arms %\ld be encircl$ by ! insignia ( ! ,ord]4 ,exceptions to ?is rule c ( c\rse be f\nd1 b x is o!rwise a g5]al "o t ought /rictly to be foll[$4 ,bi%ops are entitl$ to be> _! p]sonal arms only impal$ ) ^? ( _! bi%op/ool or ca!dral *ur*1 & ! same rule applies to deans1 heads ( colleges1 & regius pr(essors 7l ^? at ,cambridge7 :o h (ficial arms4 ,! *ancellor ( a ,univ]sity presumably may impale its arms ) 8 own4 ,x has already be5 %[n t ! arms ( ladies1 all ?r\gh ! m$ieval p]iod1 7 borne 9 precisely ! same way z _! fa!rs' or _! husb&s'1 t is1 ^u a %ield1 loz5ge1 or r\ndel1 & t ! pres5t inconv5i5t re/riction to a loz5ge did n come into use mu* be=e ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 h]aldry & h]aldic art 7 already on ! d[n-grade4 ,! pres5t cu/om seems to be = ! arms ( m>ri$ ladies to be borne ^u %ields1 & ( wid[s & sp9/]s ^u loz5ges4 ,f ! arti/ic /&po9t x w\ld c]ta9ly be desirable1 :5ev] x is ?\ght advisable1 to rev]t to ! fre$om ( pre-,elizabe?an times4 ,en\gh has already be5 said z to ! ela/icity ( draw+ %ields1 helms1 cre/s1 & mantl+s1 & z to ! prop] use ( support]s1 b a few words may be add$ z to ! prop] way ( draw+ ! v>i\s creatures t are us$ 9 h]aldry4 ,s9ce h]aldry is a survival ( :at 0 once a liv+ ?+1 x is cle> t if mod]n "w is to look well1 animals & birds ought to be drawn 9 a m or less conv5tional mann] 7figs4 #adh1 #adi74 ,"s1 su* z elephants1 dogs1 falcons1 etc4 may be drawn almo/ directly f nature2 b o!rs1 especially lions1 if s repres5t$1 w\ld manife/ly be unfit to consort ) ! leop>ds1 ! wiv]s1 ! griff9s1 ! two-head$ eagles1 & o!r delightful creatures ( ! e>ly h]alds :i* !y borr[$ f ! be/i>ies4 ,! conv5tional treatm5t %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be c>ri$ to excess1 nor %\ld natural =ms be too closely copi$4 ,"h1 z 9 o!r matt]s connect$ ) h]aldry1 a comp>ative /udy ( good anci5t examples w soon %[ :at are ! be/ types to foll[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adg4 ,lion ) a =k$ tail1 f a brass at ,spilsby 9 ,l9coln%ire1 #acia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adh4 ,%ield ) ?ree pheasants1 f a brass at ,*eck5don1 ,oxon1 #adjd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adi4 ,%ield ( ! arms ( ,sir ,humphrey ,littlebury1 f 8 effigy at ,holbea* 9 ,l9coln%ire1 c4 #acfj1 ) f9e examples ( h]aldic leop>ds4 ,x w\ld be an advantage1 too1 if arti/s w\ld rev]t to ! old ways ( repres5t+ ! furs kn[n z erm9e & vair4 ,! anci5t erm9e tails did m or less resemble ! actual tail ( an erm9e1 b ! mod]n object ) its ?ree dots above has no lik5ess to x :atev] 7fig4 #aej74 ,s too ) reg>d to vair1 :i* repres5ts ! sk9s ( grey squirrels1 ! mod]n treatm5t ( x z r[s ( angul> eighte5? c5tury %ields is f> remov$ f ! conv5tional =ms ( ! real sk9s se5 9 ! be/ old "w 7fig4 #aea74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aej4 ,e>ly & mod]n v]sions ( erm9e-tails4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aea4 ,e>ly & mod]n v]sions ( vair4 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out t !re are no /rict rules z to ! p>ticul> %ades ( col\r all[able 9 h]aldry1 & x is "o ( ! surprises ( ! /ud5t to f9d :at dull & cold tones 7 anci5tly us$ t yet look q "r4 ,! app>5tly bright r$s1 = example1 ( ! enamel 9 ! e>ly /all-plates at ,w9dsor are actually brick-col\r1 & ! app>5t f9e blues a cold grey2 b _! comb9ation ) gild+ & silv]+ makes all ! diff]5ce 9 ! ultimate beautiful ri* effect4 ,"o ?+ t ought to be mo/ scrupul\sly avoid$ 9 all mod]n h]aldic decoration is ! indicat+ ( ! gild+ & col\r+ by ! p]nici\s 'dot-&-da%' sy/em4 ,?is is all v well z a k9d ( %or?& 9 "o's own notes or memor&a1 b x is utt]ly de/ructive ( arti/ic effect if appli$ 9 actual "w4 ,anci5t %ields 9 relief 7 no d\bt inv>iably pa9t$1 l ^? /ill to be se5 beh9d ! quire at ,we/m9/]2 b let any "o try to imag9e ! f9e s]ies at ,york or ,/4 ,albans scor$ & peck$ to indicate ! col\r & gild+4 ,if ! h]aldic c>v+s are n to be pa9t$1 at any rate d n let _! surfaces be disfigur$4 ,!y may always be reliev$ by diap]+4 ,! treatm5t ( mottoes may n1 at fir/ sight1 seem to fall )9 ! scope ( ?is "w1 b actually x is "o ( v real importance4 ,!re is mu* to be said = ! !ory t mottoes are d]iv$ f ! w> cries ( e>ly times1 & h5ce _! frequ5t association ) ! cre/ worn ^u ! helm4 ,ref]5ce has already be5 made to examples ^u seals & o!r au?orities4 ,! association ( a motto ) a %ield only 0 n common anci5tly1 & :5 x is s f\nd x is g5]ally plac$ on a scroll1 l ! well-kn[n examples on ! tomb ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales at ,cant]bury 7fig4 #he74 ,9 lat] times1 :5 %ields began to be encircl$ by ! ,g>t] ( ! fam\s ,ord] 7fig4 #aeb71 mottoes 7 (t5 arrang$ ab\t ! %ield 9 a simil> way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeb4 ,! ,g>t]1 f ! brass ( ,?omas "l ,camoys1 ,k4,g4 at ,trotton 9 ,sussex4 ,!re 0 h[ev] always ?is v important & notewor?y diff]5ce & di/9ction1 t ! buckl$ b& n[ s commonly us$ = mottoes 0 anci5tly nev] all[$ = any b ! motto ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]4 ,o!r mottoes 7 writt5 on a b& :i* 0 fa/5$ 9 a diff]5t way1 or m]ely dispos$ ,g>t]-wise r\nd ! %ield4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n repres5tation ( ! ,g>t] is on a s+ul> lead or pewt] m$allion 7fig4 #aec7 commemorative ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales1 fir/ ,pr9ce ( ! ,ord]1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 ?is ! pr9ce is kneel+ b>e-head$ be=e a p]sonification ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 ) 8 gloves on ! gr\nd be=e him1 & an angel /&+ beh9d him & hold+ 8 cre/$ helm4 ,! :ole is enclos$ by a buckl$ b& inscrib$ hony soyt ke mal y p5se1 ) a cl\d ov]lapp+ its upp] m>g91 f :i* issues an angel hold+ d[n ! pr9ce's %ield ( arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aec4 ,pewt] m$allion ) ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x has be5 cu/om>y f )9 a few ye>s ( ! f\ndation ( ! ,ord] 9 #acdh = ! ,knights-,companions to encircle _! p]sonal arms ) ! ,g>t]4 ,9 a w>drobe acc\nt ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii1 f #ad? ,febru>y #acdi-ej to #cj? ,septemb] #acea1 paym5ts are ent]$ = ! mak+ '( two p5cells ( s9don de ,triple1 ea* hav+ 9 ! mid/ a ,g>t] ( blue s9don ) a %ield )9 ! same ,g>t] ( ! ,k+'s arms qu>t]$1 & beat5 ?r\gh\t ! field ) eagles ( gold'2 b repres5tations ( su* a usage are h>d to f9d4 ,a good e>ly example is af=d$ by ! monum5tal brass at ,trotton 9 ,sussex ( ,?omas "l ,camoys 7ob4 #adai7 7fig4 #aed74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aed4 ,%ield ( arms 7a *ief & ?ree r\ndels on ! *ief7 encircl$ by ! ,g>t]1 f ! brass ( ,?omas "l ,camoys 7ob4 #adai74 ,9 illu/ration ( ! c>e above ref]r$ to ( di/+ui%+ ! ,g>t] motto f any o!r1 two concrete examples may be cit$3 "o on ! brass at ,con/ance ( ,rob]t ,hallam bi%op ( ,salisbury 7ob4 #adaf71 :]e ! ,k+'s arms are encircl$ by ! ,g>t]1 & ! bi%op's own arms by an op5 scroll ) a scripture 7fig4 #aee72 ! o!r on ! we/ por* ( ! ca!dral *ur* ( ,norwi*1 :]e ! arms ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi h ! ,g>t] ab\t !m1 & ! arms ( ! build] ( ! por*1 bi%op ,william ,alnwick 7#adbf-cf71 are surr\nd$ by a scroll ) 8 motto4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aee4 ,%ields encircl$ by ! ,g>t] & a scroll1 f ! brass ( ,bi%op ,hallam 7ob4 #adaf7 at ,con/ance4 ,?is di/9ction 0 c>efully borne 9 m9d :5 ! insignia ( ,briti% ,ord]s1 o!r ?an t ( ! ,g>t]1 7 devis$1 & 9 e case _! mottoes are display$ on pla9 & n buckl$ b&s4 ,9 ! ,alb]t ,m$al = ,brav]y1 h[ev]1 ! encircl+ motto has be5 mo/ improp]ly plac$ on a buckl$ b& l ! ,g>t]1 & ! p :o supply 'h]aldic /ation]y' are notori\s (f5d]s 9 ! same direction4 ,! lett]+ ( a motto mu/ ( c\rse dep5d ^u ! circum/ances ( its use4 ,no?+ looks s well z ! s-call$ 'old-,engli%' or small black-lett]1 especially if ! height ( ! words is z ne>ly z possible ! same z ! wid? ( ! b& or scroll1 & ! capitals are n unduly prom95t2 b ! =m ( capital kn[n z ,lomb>dic is always pref]able to ^? ( ! black-lett] alphabet4 ,:5 capitals alone are us$1 fanciful types %\ld be avoid$2 a good ,roman =m su* z is (t5 f\nd 9 ,tudor inscriptions be+ f> bett]4 ,if ! motto to be set ab\t a %ield is a %ort "o x c (t5 be ext5d$ conv5i5tly1 if necess>y1 by a judici\s use ( ornam5tal devices l roses or o!r fl[]s betwe5 ! words4 ,! ends ( scrolls ) mottoes h a m satisfactory appe>ance if %[n p>tly curl$ up & p>tly pull$ out spirally ?an if =k$ & wav$1 z may s (t5 be se5 n[adays4 ,scrolls always look bett] if n bord]$ or edg$ 9 any way1 b ?is does n apply to ! n>r[ b\nd+ l9e t may be necess>y 9 enamell$ "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aef4 ,royal arms ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii )9 ! ,g>t]1 ( ,engli% "w1 f ! ,k+'s tomb by ,torregiano at ,we/m9/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeg4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,george )9 ! ,g>t]1 f ! brass ( ,sir ,?omas ,bull51 ,k4,g4 e>l ( ,wilt%ire & ,ormond1 #aech1 at ,hev] 9 ,k5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,cr[ns1 ,,coronets1 ,,& ,,coll>s ,cr[ns & ,coronets2 ,introduction ( ,coronets2 ,coronets ( ,pr9ces1 ,dukes1 & ,e>ls2 ,beque/s ( ,coronets2 ,illu/rations ( ,coronets & ,cr[ns2 ,coll>s & ,*a9s2 ,coll>s ( ,ord]s2 ,lanca/rian ,coll>s ( ,,ss2 ,yorki/ ,coll>s ( ,suns & ,roses2 ,tudor ,coll>s ( ,,ss2 ,o!r ,liv]y ,coll>s2 ,waits' ,coll>s2 ,coll>s & ,*a9s ( ,mayors1 ,mayoresses1 & ,%]iffs2 ,! ,revival ( ,coll>s2 ,inord9ate ,l5g? ( mod]n ,coll>s4 ,at ! pres5t day x is ! habit ( div]s ladies ( rank to surm\nt _! hair1 :5 occasion all[s1 ) diamond ti>as ( surpass+ spl5d\r4 ,! ladies ( old5 "t 7 n free f a simil> weakness1 b ! diamond m9es ( ,s\? ,africa be+ !n unkn[n1 & o!r gems too co/ly1 !y enc\rag$ ! goldsmi?s to make !m beautiful cr[ns & cre/+s1 ) :i* !y adorn$ _! heads & headge>4 ,a ref]5ce to ! accurate draw+s & details publi%$ by ,/o?>d 9 8 ,monum5tal ,effigies w %[ n only ! high arti/ic excell5ce ( ^! ornam5ts1 b also h[ becom+ !y 7 to ! ladies :o wore !m4 ,!y v>i$ greatly 9 design1 f ! simple circlet ( fleurons & trefoils ( ,que5 ,eleanor ( ,ca/ile 7fig4 #aeh7 to ! sumptu\s piece ( jewell]y beset ) pe>ls & /ones1 :i* is repres5t$ on ! alaba/] effigy ( ,que5 ,joan at ,cant]bury 7fig4 #aei7 & reflects s wor?ily ! yet m spl5did cr[n ( h] husb&1 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv 7fig4 #agc74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeh4 ,cr[n$ effigy ( ,que5 ,eleanor at ,we/m9/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aei4 ,cr[n$ effigy ( ,que5 ,joan at ,cant]bury4 ,att5tion has already be5 drawn to ! decorative use ( cr[ns 9 h]aldry1 & a ref]5ce promis$ to ! coronets ( pe]s & pe]esses4 ,coronets1 z !y are n[ call$1 orig9at$ z e>ly z #acdc1 :5 ,edw>d duke ( ,cornwall & e>l ( ,*e/] 0 creat$ ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 & inve/$ by 8 fa!r ) a circlet 7s]tum7 on 8 head1 a gold r+ on 8 f+]1 & a gold5 v]ge :i* 0 plac$ 9 8 h&4 ,! circlet 9 "q pass$ into ! possession ( 8 bro!r1 ,lionel duke ( ,cl>5ce1 :o 9 #achh left 9 8 w 'a gold5 circlet ) :i* my bro!r & "l 0 creat$ pr9ce' z well z 't circlet ) :i* ,i 0 creat$ duke4' ,?is latt] ev5t happ5$ 9 #acfb1 at ! same "t t 8 bro!r ,john ( ,gaunt 0 creat$ duke ( ,lanca/]1 :5 ,k+ ,edw>d gird$ 8 son ) a sword & put ^u 8 head a fur cap & ov] x 'un c]cle d'or et de p]es1' a circlet ( gold & preci\s /ones4 ,?is inve/iture ) a coronet 0 = "s "t re/rict$ to dukes1 b 9 #ache ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii be/[$ ^u ,ri*>d e>l ( ,ox=d ! new dignity ( m>quess ( ,dubl91 & inve/$ him ) a sword & a circlet ( gold4 ,! inve/+ ( an e>l ) a coronet does n seem to h become cu/om>y be=e ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi1 b e>ls _h worn coronets 9 virtue ( _! rank = a long "t previ\sly4 ,9 ,april #addd1 :5 ,h5ry ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick 0 creat$ premi] e>l by ,h5ry ,,vi1 ! lett]s pat5t ( 8 appo9tm5t emp[] him 'to we> a gold5 circlet ^u 8 head & 8 heirs male to d ! same on fea/ days 9 all places :]e x is conv5i5t z well 9 our pres5ce z ( o!rs4' ,b ! practice c p]haps be c>ri$ /ill fur!r back1 = ,seld5 9 8 ,titles ( ,hon\r 7p4 #fhj7 quotes a receipt dat$ #acai by ,william ( ,lav5ham1 treasur] ( ,aym] ( ,val5ce e>l ( ,pembroke1 ( 'a gold cr[n ( ! said e>l4' ,by 8 w dat$ #acge ,ri*>d ,fitz,alan e>l ( ,arundel leaves to ,ri*>d 8 son 'my be/ cr[n 7ma melieure cor\ne7 *>g+ him ^u my bless+ t he "p n ) x dur+ 8 life1 & t aft] 8 dea? he leave x to 8 heir 9 ! same mann] to desc5d p]petually f heir to heir to ! lords ( ,arundel 9 remembrance ( me & ( my s\l4' ,he also leaves to 8 daught] ,joan 'my second-be/ cr[n' & to 8 daught] ,alice 'my ?ird cr[n1' "u simil> conditions4 ,! e>l's be/ cr[n may be t %[n ^u ! alaba/] effigy at ,arundel ( 8 gr&son ,?omas e>l ( ,arundel2 to :om x 0 bequea!d by 8 fa!r 7fig4 #afc74 ,x has alt]nate leaves & pe>l$ spikes1 simil> to1 b ri*] & bett] 9 design ?an1 ! e>ls' coronets ( to-day4 ,sir ,n4 ,h4 ,nicolas sugge/s t e>l ,ri*>d's second & ?ird coronets 7 bequea!d to 8 daught]s because bo? 7 c\ntesses2 ,joan be+ wife to ,humphrey ,bohun e>l ( ,h]e=d1 & ,alice to ,?omas ,hol& e>l ( ,k5t4 ,!re are o!r beque/s ( coronets to ladies3 ,edmund ,mortim] e>l ( ,m>* & ,ul/] left 9 #achj to 8 daught] ,philippa1 aft]w>ds wife to 7#a7 ,john ,ha/+s e>l ( ,pembroke1 7#b7 ,ri*>d e>l ( ,arundel1 & 7#c7 ,john "l ,/4 ,john1 'a coronal ( gold ) /ones & two hundr$ great pe>ls 7un coronal a'or ove p]ie et deuz c5ts gr&s p]les7 & also a circlet ) roses1 ) em]alds & rubies or ,alex&ria 9 ! roses 7un c]cle ove roses em]audes et rubies d'alisaundre en les roses74' ,mi*ael de la ,pole e>l ( ,suffolk also left 9 #adae to 8 wife ,ka!r9e ! diadem or coronet :i* _h belong$ to h] fa!r ,hugh e>l ( ,/af=d1 :o di$ 9 #achf4 ,! swan's head cre/ ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick 7ob4 #adci7 on 8 effigy at ,w>wick is encircl$ by a cr[n ( /alk$ pe>ls1 n unlike ^? ( an e>l's coronet ( ! pres5t day 7fig4 #afj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afj4 ,helm & cre/1 & bu/1 ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp1 e>l ( ,w>wick 7ob4 #adci17 f 8 gilt-latt5 effigy at ,w>wick4 ,among ,/o?>d's engrav+s are two ( effigies ( q e>ly date ( ladies we>+ cr[ns or coronets4 ,"o1 at ,sc>cliffe 9 ,d]by%ire 7fig4 #afa71 _c be lat] ?an ab\t #abej1 & ! cr[n 9 ?is case is compos$ ( "s tw5ty simple leaves set upright ^u ! edge ( a n>r[ b&4 ,! o!r1 at ,/a9drop 9 ,durham1 is ab\t a c5tury lat]1 & repres5ts a wid[$ lady1 probably ,m>g]y1 second wife ( ,john "l ,nevill1 we>+ a cr[n ( curl$ leaves ) po9ts betwe5 7fig4 #afb74 ,! next illu/ration is ( special int]e/ s9ce x repres5ts ,?omas e>l ( ,arundel 7ob4 #adaf7 we>+ presumably ! coronet m5tion$ above 9 8 gr&fa!r's beque/ 7fig4 #afc72 8 c\ntess ,beatrice has a slight] coronet ( simil> "*4 ,! great alaba/] tomb1 also at ,/a9drop1 or ,ralph e>l ( ,we/morl& 7ob4 #adbe7 & 8 two c\ntesses furni%es ! next example4 ,9 ?is case ! e>l is 9 arm\r1 b bo? ladies we> delicate coronets1 =m$ ( r[s ( po9ts ) triplets ( pe>ls & int]v5+ s+le pe>ls1 ris+ f n>r[ ornam5tal circlets 7fig4 #afd74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afa4 ,effigy ( a lady 7c4 #abej7 9 ,sc>cliffe *ur*1 ,d]by%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afb4 ,effigy ( a lady 9 ,/a9drop *ur*1 ,durham4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afc4 ,?omas e>l ( ,arundel 7ob4 #adaf71 f 8 alaba/] effigy at ,arundel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afd4 ,joan ,beau=t1 c\ntess ( ,we/morl& 7ob4 #addj71 f h] alaba/] effigy 9 ,/a9drop *ur*1 ,durham4 ,! tomb ( ano!r e>l ( ,arundel1 ,william ,fitz,alan 7ob4 #adhg71 & ( 8 c\ntess ,joan1 fur!r illu/rates ! use ( coronets4 ,! e>l's coronet is 9 ?is case compos$ ( a cont9u\s r[ ( leaves ) a jewell$ b& 7fig4 #afe72 ! c\ntess we>s a simil> coronet1 b curi\sly di/ort$ beh9d1 evid5tly because x 0 ?\ght to be m becom+ :5 s worn 7fig4 #aff74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afe4 ,william ,fitz,alan1 e>l ( ,arundel 7ob4 #adhg71 f 8 effigy at ,arundel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aff4 ,joan c\ntess ( ,arundel1 f h] effigy at ,arundel4 ,! monum5t 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s *ur*1 9 ,%effield1 ( ,george e>l ( ,%rewsbury 7ob4 #aech7 & 8 two wives repres5ts him 9 arm\r1 ) ! mantle & coll> ( ! ,g>t]1 & a coronet1 n[ brok51 ab\t 8 head4 ,8 wives also h coronets1 :i* are happily complete1 & are compos$ ( cont9u\s s]ies ( twelve %ort po9ts tipp$ ) pe>ls4 ,! e>l's coronet seems to h _h simil> po9ts1 b ) sixte5 pe>ls in/ead ( twelve4 ,! effigy circa #aejj at ,:it*ur* 9 ,salop ( t fam\s w>rior1 ,john ,talbot e>l ( ,%rewsbury1 :o 0 kill$ 9 #adec1 also repres5ts him 9 ! mantle ( ! ,g>t] ov] 8 arm\r & a coronet ab\t 8 head4 ,?is is un=tunately badly brok51 b seems to h resembl$ t on ! ,%effield figures4 ,besides ^! examples ( coronets ( e>ls & _! c\ntesses a few illu/rations ( ^? worn by dukes & du*esses may be cit$4 ,x has be5 already not$ t ! %ields on ! monum5t ( ,humphrey duke ( ,gl\ce/] 7ob4 #addf7 at ,/4 ,albans are surm\nt$ alt]nately by cre/$ helms & by caps ) coronets4 ,^! coronets h a ri*ly jewell$ circlet on :i* is set1 in/ead ( leaves1 a s]ies ( :at seem to be cups full ( daisies1 ) small triplets ( pe>ls betwe54 ,ano!r good coronet is to be se5 on ! effigy ( ,?omas ,hol& duke ( ,exet] 7ob4 #addg7 on ! monum5t =m]ly 9 ,/4 ,ka?>9e's hospital by ! ,t[]1 n[ 9 ! *apel 9 ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,! duke's coronet "h is q n>r[1 & compos$ ( "s eighte5 or tw5ty trefoils set close ^u a b& 7fig4 #afg72 b 8 two du*esses h coronets ( triplets ( pe>ls ) int]m$iate s+le pe>ls1 l ^? ( ! c\ntesses ( ,we/morl& at ,/a9drop 7fig4 #afh74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afg4 ,john ,hol& duke ( ,exet] 7ob4 #addg71 f 8 effigy at ,/4 ,ka?>9e's hospital1 ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afh4 ,head ( a du*ess ( ,exet]1 f ! monum5t at ,/4 ,ka?>9e's hospital1 ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,! alaba/] effigy at ,ewelme ( ,alice1 wid[ ( ,william duke ( ,suffolk 7ob4 #adej71 %[s h] 9 a beautiful coronet ( fleurs-de-lis alt]nat+ ) small clu/]s ( pe>ls 7fig4 #afi71 & simil> coronets once adorn$ ! effigies at ,w+field 9 ,suffolk ( h] son ,john de la ,pole duke ( ,suffolk 7ob4 #adia7 & 8 wife ,elizabe?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afi4 ,alice du*ess ( ,suffolk 7ob4 #adge71 f h] alaba/] effigy 9 ,ewelme *ur*1 ,oxon4 ,! privilege ( we>+ coronets 0 n ext5d$ to visc\nts until ! reign ( ,james ,i1 & to b>ons until #affa4 ,! (ficial patt]ns ( coronets to :i* pe]s & pe]esses are n[ re/rict$ h1 z may be se5 f ! examples above cit$1 practically no relation to ! old] =ms1 :i* exhibit$ ! usual delightful m$ieval ela/icity ( design4 ,! pres5t coronets too are r5d]$ ugli] ?an ev] by ! mod]n rule =bidd+ !m to be jewell$ 9 any way4 ,?is 0 n =m]ly ! case4 ,among ! /uff rema9+ 9 ! palace ( ,we/m9/] 9 #aeec1 & deliv]$ to lady ,jane ,grey1 0 'a coronet = a duke1 set ) five roses ( diamonds1 six small po9t$ diamonds1 "o table em]ald1 six great ballases1 sev5 blue sapphires1 & ?irty-eight great pe>ls1 ) a cap ( crimson velvet & a roll ( p[d]$ armyns ab\t ! same'2 & a beautifully ornam5t$ coronet ( mu* e>li] date ?an ! pa9t+ is %[n 9 a portrait ( ,john m>quess ( ,w9*e/]1 ! def5d] ( ,bas+ ,h\se1 :o di$ 9 #afgd4 ,x is ! cu/om n[ = ladies ( rank to we> _! coronets only at coronations1 & to display !m on _! note-pap]1 _! spoons & =ks1 & on ! panels ( _! c>riages & motor-c>s4 ,su* coronets _c h[ev] be consid]$ arti/ic objects1 ev5 :5 depict$ ap>t f ! crimson velvet bonnets :i* !y encircle1 & !re is no reason :y ladies %\ld n devise & we> coronet-l ornam5ts ( _! own inv5tion4 ,a little rese>* w %[ t cr[ns ( e =m & fa%ion h always be5 freely us$ 9 h]aldic decoration1 bo? by !mselves & z ensign+ lett]s or o!r devices1 & s long z c>e be tak5 n to infr+e :at may be call$ (ficial patt]ns1 !re are really no limits to a cont9uance ( ! anci5t practice4 ,! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 c\ntess ( ,ri*mond & "m ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii1 has left u a delightful s]ies ( coronets4 ,fir/1 on a seal newly made = h] on ! accession ( h] son1 h] %ield ( arms is ensign$ ) a coronet or cr[n ( roses & fleurs-de-lis plac$ alt]nately along ! edge ( a n>r[ b& 7pl4 ,,xxx74 ,%ortly aft] #aeje ! lady ,m>g>et began to build ,*ri/'s ,college at ,cambridge1 & bo? ! gateh\se 7fig4 #agj7 & ! oriel ( ! ma/]'s lodge 7fig4 #aga7 are ri* 9 h]aldic decoration4 ,9 ?is case bo? h] arms & h] portcullis badge are ensign$ ) coronets set ) a cont9u\s r[ ( triplets ( pe>ls4#bj ,9 ! lady ,m>g>et's lat] f\ndation ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 h] arms1 etc4 aga9 are display$ ^u ! /ately gateh\se2 9 ?is case ) a coronet ( roses & fleurs-de-lis ov] ! %ield1 z 9 h] seal 7fig4 #agb74 ,h] portcullis badge1 on ! o!r h&1 has ov] x a f9e coronet =m$ ( clu/]s ( roses1 :i* recalls ! circlet ( roses set ) em]alds & rubies ( ,alex&ria m5tion$ e>li] 9 ?is *apt]4 ,x is q easy to conjure up visions ( coronets or circlets =m$ ( lilies or m>gu]ites1 or ( roses r$ & :ite1 or ( any o!r suitable fl[] or device1 wr\ght 9 gold or gild$ silv]1 & ei!r jewell$ or bright ) enamel4 ,& let design]s take he>t :5 s rec5t & yet s picturesque an object z ! s-call$ 'naval cr[n' c be produc$1 ) its cre/+ ( /]ns & squ>e sails ( %ips4 ,?is 0 us$ mo/ effectively "s ye>s ago z "o ( ! decorations encircl+ ! ,nelson ,column 9 ,london on ,trafalg> ,day4 #bj ,on ! gateh\se ! coronet ov] ! arms has be5 re/or$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agj4 ,armorial ensigns & badges ( ! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 f ! gateh\se ( h] f\ndation ( ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aga4 ,arms ( ! f\ndress1 ! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 ) yale support]s1 f ! base ( an oriel 9 ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agb4 ,armorial panel on ! gateh\se ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxx4--,cr[n$ %ield ) support]s & badges ( ! ,lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 #adhe4 ,x may be z well to po9t out t ! royal cr[n has be5 compos$1 f ! fifte5? c5tury1 ( crosses alt]nat+ ) fleurs-de-lis1 & s9ce ! coronation ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv x has be5 di/+ui%$ by be+ ar*$ ov] cross-wise4 ,! spl5did op5 cr[n %[n on ! effigy ( ! k+ at ,cant]bury 7fig4 #agc7 is n t :]e) he 0 cr[n$1 b ano!r worn ) ! p>liam5t robes 9 :i* he is repres5t$4 ,beautiful examples ( cr[ns ( simpl] type are af=d$ by ! effigies ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii 7fig4 #agd7 & ,k+ ,edw>d ,,ii 7fig4 #age74 ,:5 ! lady ,elizabe? ,wydville became ! que5 ( ,edw>d ,,iv1 %e ensign$ h] arms ) a beautiful cr[n or coronet ( alt]nate l>ge crosses & fleurs-de-lis ) small] fleurs-de-lis betwe51 ris+ f a ri*ly jewell$ b& 7pl4 ,,xxv71 & a ri* example ( ! cr[n ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii s treat$ is to be se5 on ! great c>v$ panel ) 8 arms1 etc4 at ,new ,hall 9 ,essex 7fig4 #ahi74 ,crosses & fleurs-de-lis are n[ us$ only 9 ! coronets ( ^? ( royal blood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agc4 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv1 f 8 alaba/] effigy 9 ,cant]bury ca!dral *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agd4 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii1 f 8 gilt-latt5 effigy at ,we/m9/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #age4 ,k+ ,edw>d ,,ii1 f 8 alaba/] effigy at ,gl\ce/]4 ,f ornam5ts = ! head x is easy to pass to ^? = ! neck4 ,! we>+ ab\t ! neck ( some?+ :i* 0 consid]$ decorative or becom+ has be5 cu/om>y ) ! fair sex 9 e "p ( ! _w & 9 all ages ( its hi/ory1 & necklaces ( e =m1 mat]ial1 & fa%ion are z popul> to-day z ev]4 ,b less att5tion is n[ paid to ! decorative coll>s t once 7 worn n only by wom5 b by m54 ,x has always be5 a m>k ( di/9ction or dignity to we> ab\t ! neck a *a9 or coll> ( gold1 silv]1 or silv]-gilt1 ei!r z an ornam5t1 or a decoration ( hon\r1 or z a badge ( p>tizan%ip2 & ! mo/ notewor?y ( ^! to-day are ! coll>s ( ! v>i\s ord]s ( ,knigh?ood1 su* z ! ,g>t] 7fig4 #agg71 ! ,?i/le1 & ! ,ba?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agf4 ,cr[n$ initials ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii1 f 8 ,lady *apel at ,we/m9/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agg4 ,?omas ,h[>d ?ird duke ( ,norfolk 7#adgc787-aeed7 ) ! coll> ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]1 f ! picture by ,holbe9 at ,w9dsor ca/le4 ,! hi/ory & *>act]i/ic features ( ^! are well kn[n1 & repres5tations ( !m ab\nd2 moreov] ! we>+ ( !m is conf9$ to a few privileg$ p]sons4 ,x is !re=e h>dly necess>y to discuss !m fur!r 9 a "w l ! pres5t4 ,! case is h[ev] diff]5t ) reg>d to ! s-call$ liv]y coll>s1 s9ce ^! may prop]ly be reg>d$ z models = ! =mation & con/ruction ( su* simil> coll>s z may freely be worn to-day4 ,! mo/ notable ( su* decorations dur+ ! m$ieval p]iod 0 ! coll> ( ,,ss :i* =m$ ! di/9ctive cognisance ( ! ,h\se ( ,lanca/] 7figs4 #agh1 #agi74 ,x 0 worn by p]sons ( e degree1 f ! ,k+ & ,que5 to ! knight & 8 esquire1 & x 0 likewise worn by _! wives & ev5 conf]r$ on civilians4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agh4 ,coll>s ( ,,ss4 #a4 ,f ! brass ( ,lady ,camoys1 #adai1 at ,trotton 9 ,sussex4 #b4 ,f ! brass ( ,sir ,william ,cal?orpe1 #adbj1 at ,burnham ,?orpe 9 ,norfolk4 ,! coll> ( ,,ss 0 app>5tly inv5t$ by ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv be=e 8 accession1 & q a numb] ( important entries t ?r[ light ^u its hi/ory occur 9 8 h\sehold acc\nts :ile he 0 only ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] e>l ( ,d]by4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agi4 ,coll> ( ,,ss f ! effigy ( ,william "l ,b>dolf 7ob4 #adda7 at ,d5n+ton 9 ,suffolk4 ,9 #acij-a a gold signet 0 engrav$ = him 'cum j plume et j col]1' ( :i* unhappily no impressions are kn[n4 ,9 #acia-b !re 0 made = him a 'col]' ( gold ') sev5te5 lett]s ( ,s aft] ! mann] ( fea!rs ) scrolls & scriptures 9 ! same ) a swan 9 ! tiret4' ,?is recalls ! badge ^u "o ( ,h5ry's own seals z e>l ( ,d]by 7#ache7 describ$ above 7p4 #afg71 an o/ri* plume entw9$ ) a scroll & ! scripture s\v]eyne 7pl4 ,,xxiv ,c71 & we "k f o!r s\rces ( ,h5ry's fav\r t[>ds ! ,bohun swan1 :i* device he us$ 9 "r ( 8 fir/ wife1 ! lady ,m>y ,bohun4 ,! coll> ( ,,ss1 moreov]1 on ! effigy ( ,john ,g[] ! poet 7ob4 #adjb7 9 ,s\?w>k ca!dral *ur* has a swan on ! p5dant ( x1 & no d\bt repres5ts ! coll> actually giv5 to him by ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] 9 #acic-d4 ,! initial lett]1 too1 ( ! *>t] grant$ to ! city ( ,gl\ce/] by ,h5ry z ,k+ 9 #acii1 conta9s a cr[n encircl$ by a coll> ( ,,ss end+ 9 two lockets betwe5 :i* is a p5dant *>g$ ) a swan4 ,! e>l's acc\nts = #acic-d m5tion ! pur*ase ( ! silv] '( a coll> made ) roll$ esses & giv5 to ,rob]t ,wat]ton because ! "l _h giv5 ! coll> ( ! same ,rob]t to ano!r esquire4' ,9 #acif-g a *>ge is ent]$ '= ! weight ( a coll> made1 toge!r ) esses1 ( fl[]s ( soveigne v\s de moy#ba hang+ & enamell$ weigh+ eight ounces4' #ba ,9 #adbf ,sir ,john ,bigod "l ( ,settr+ton left to 8 daught] a cov]$ cup 'p\nset cum sov5ez de moy'2 p]haps a gift to him f ,h5ry ( ,lanca/]4 ,te/am5ta ,eborac5sia 7,surtees ,soc4 #d7 i4 #daa4 ,:at ^! fl[]s 7 is unc]ta94 ,*>ges = mak+ 'flores dom9i' occur 9 #acij-a & o!r ye>s1 & 9 #acia-b ?ree hundr$ leaves 78fl[]s7 de s\ve9e v\s de moy ( silv]-gilt 7 b\ght = "o ( ! e>l's robes4 ,9 #adjg ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] z ,k+ ord]$ paym5t to be made to ,*ri/oph] ,tildesley1 citiz5 & goldsmi? ( ,london1 ( ! huge sum ( #che #fs4 #h;d4 '= a coll> ( gold work$ ) ?is ^w soveignez & lett]s ( ,s & ,x enamell$ & g>ni%$ ) n9e l>ge pe>ls1 twelve l>ge diamonds1 eight balases1 & eight sapphires1 toge!r ) a great n\*e 9 mann] ( a treangle ) a great ruby set 9 x & g>ni%$ ) f\r l>ge pe>ls4'#bb #bb ,p4,r4,o4 ,issue ,rolls 7,pells7 ,mi*4 #h ,h5ry ,,iv 7#adjg74 ,mo/ ( ^! entries sugge/ t ! my/]i\s ,,ss /& = ,soveignez1 & possibly at "o "t ?is 0 ! case1 b ,h5ry's seal z e>l ( ,d]by 9 #ache conta9+ ! fea!rs ) ! scripture s\v]eyne mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,!re is moreov]1 on a fragm5t :i* has =tunately surviv$ 9 a tatt]$ & burnt mass ( fragm5ts ( a jewel acc\nt ( ,h5ry's reign 9 ! ,public ,record ,(fice1 ! important entry ( a paym5t to ,*ri/oph] ,tildesley ( 'a coll> ( gold made = ! ,k+ ) tw5ty-f\r lett]s ( ,s p\nc$ ) sov]a91 & f\r b>s1 two p5dants1 & a tiret ) a n\*e g>ni%$ ) a balas & six l>ge pe>ls 7! balas b\ght ( ! said ,*ri/oph] = #aj & ! price ( ! pe>ls at #djs41 be+ #ab7 weigh+ #g oz4 ,troy at #bcs4 #d;d4 #h #cs4 #d;d4 ,also a black tissue = ! same coll> #cs4 #d;d4 & = ! workman%ip ( x #d4'bc ,! ,k+'s ^w sov]ayne also occurs _m times1 ) ! ,que5's ^w a temp]ance1 on ! te/] ov] _! monum5t at ,cant]bury1 :i* has likewise ! %ield ( arms = ! ,k+1 ! ,k+ & ,que51 & ! ,que5 alone1 encircl$ 9 ea* case ) a coll> ( ,,ss ) gold5 eagles plac$ ^u ! tiret4 ,gold eagles also =m /ops betwe5 ! repetitions ( ! ^w sov]ayne4 #bc ,acc\nts1 ,ex*4 ,k4,r4 #djd_/ah4 ,ano!r example ( a coll> ( ,,ss ) an eagle z a p5dant is to be se5 on ! monum5t ( ,oliv] ,groos1 esquire 7ob4 #adci71 9 ,sloley *ur*1 ,norfolk 7fig4 #ahj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahj4 ,sp&rel ( ! tomb ( ,oliv] ,groos1 ,esq4 7ob4 #adci71 9 ,sloley *ur*1 ,norfolk1 ) coll> ( ,,ss4 ,examples ( effigies 9 /one or brass ( m5 & wom5 we>+ ! coll> ( ,,ss are common ?r\gh\t ! ,lanca/rian p]iod4 ,! ,,ss seem 9 mo/ cases to be repres5t$ z sewn or work$ ^u a b& ( silk1 velvet1 or o!r /uff1#bd :i* usually ends 9 buckl$ lockets1 l9k$ by a trefoil-%ap$ tiret1 f :i* is hung a small r+ 7fig4 #aha74 #bd ,notice ( ! !ft ( a coll> ( black silk dott$ 7/ipatum7 ) silv] lett]s ( ,,ss is ent]$ on ! ,pat5t ,roll ( #g ,h5ry ,,iv 7#adjf71 "p ii4 m4 #bi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aha4 ,coll>s ( ,,ss f 7#a7 ! effigy ( ,que5 ,joan at ,cant]bury1 & 7#b7 ! effigy ( ,rob]t "l ,hung]=d at ,salisbury4 ,sev]al o!r int]e/+ occurr5ces ( ! coll> ( ,,ss may be not$4 ,9 "o ( ! w9d[s 9 ! *apt] h\se at ,wells is a %ield ( ! arms ( ,mortim]1 & next to x a gold /> )9 ! horns ( a cresc5t p>ty blue & silv]1 encircl$ by a coll> ( ,,ss also half blue & half :ite4 ,z !re are associat$ ) ^! ! arms ( ! ,k+ & ( ,?omas duke ( ,cl>5ce 7ob4 #adba71 !y probably commemorate ,edmund ,mortim] e>l ( ,m>*1 :o di$ 9 #adbe4 ,9 #addi a receipt giv5 to ! /ew>d ( ,s\?ampton by ! prior ( ! ,%5e ,*>t]h\se1 :i* 0 f\nd$ by ,k+ ,h5ry ,v1 be>s a seal ) ihs )9 a coll> ( ,,ss2 & 9 ,/4 ,m>y's *ur* at ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds ! ceil+ ov] ! tomb ( ,john ,b>et1 an ard5t ,lanca/rian1 :o di$ 9 #adhj1 is pa9t$ ) coll>s ( ,,ss surr\nd+ 8 monogram4 ,!re is also 9 a ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#be writt5 probably = ,john "l ,lovel 7ob4 #adad71 a pa9t+ ( ! arms ( ,hol& qu>t]+ ,lovel surr\nd$ by a coll>1 "o half ( :i* is :ite & ! o!r half blue1 ) gold lett]s ( ,,ss1 hav+ = a p5dant a gold fett]lock1 p>ty inside ( r$ & black4 #be ,h>l4 ,,ms4 #gjbf1 f4 #ac4 ,on a brass c4 #adge at ,mugg+ton 9 ,d]by%ire ! ,beau=t portcullis appe>s z a p5dant to ! coll> ( ,,ss4 ,) ! rise to p[] ( ! ,yorki/s on ! accession ( ,edw>d ,,iv a rival coll> to t ( ! ,lanca/rian liv]y came into vogue1 compos$ ( blaz+ suns & ,york roses dispos$ alt]nately 7fig4 #ahb74 ,x may be se5 9 v>i\s =ms on a numb] ( monum5tal effigies & brasses1 usually ) ! c\*ant :ite lion ( ! h\se ( ,m>* z a p5dant1 b on ! accession ( ,ri*>d ,,iii ! lion 0 replac$ by 8 silv] bo>4 ,on ! wood5 ,nevill effigies at ,brancepe? ! e>l has a coll> ( ray$ suns ) ! bo> p5dant1 :ile ! c\ntess has a coll> ( alt]nate suns & roses4 ,joan c\ntess ( ,arundel1 on h] effigy at ,arundel 7fig4 #aff71 %[s ano!r v>iation by int]polat+ ! ,fitz,alan oak leaves betwe5 ! suns & ! roses4 ,illu/ration3 #a #b ,,fig4 #ahb4 ,coll>s ( suns & roses f 7#a7 ! effigy ( a knight ( ! ,erd+ton family at ,a/on1 ,w>wick%ire1 & 7#b7 f ! effigy ( ,sir ,rob]t ,h>c\rt1 ,k4,g4 #adga1 at ,/anton ,h>c\rt1 ,oxon4 ,aft] ! accession ( ,h5ry ,,vii ! coll> ( ,,ss 0 aga9 reviv$1 b ) v>iations & diff]5t p5dants4 ,! effigy1 = example1 at ,salisbury ( ,sir ,john ,*eyney1 ,k4,g4 7ob4 #adhi71 has app5d$ to 8 ,,ss coll> a l>ge portcullis *>g$ ) a rose4 ,a coll> ( gold weigh+ ov] #g ounces is record$ to h be5 giv5 9 #adii to adorn ! image ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity 9 ,norwi* ca!dral *ur*1 & is describ$ z conta9+ tw5ty-five lett]s ( ,s1 two tirets1 two 'purcoles' 7portcullises71 & "o d\ble ,r787 ) a r$ rose enamell$4#bf ,a simil> coll>1 b all ( gold1 is %[n 9 ! portrait ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 pa9t$ by ,holbe9 9 #aebg 7fig4 #ahc74 ,on a brass c4 #aeaj at ,little ,b5tley 9 ,essex ! coll> ( ,,ss has a portcullis p5dant1 & on ! ,mann]s effigy 7c4 #aeac7 at ,w9dsor & ! ,v]non effigy 7#aecg7 at ,tong ! p5dant to ! knight's coll> is a l>ge d\ble rose4 #bf ,norwi* ,sacri/'s ,regi/]1 xi4 f4 #aaa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahc4 ,sir ,?omas ,m we>+ ! coll> ( ,,ss1 f an orig9al portrait pa9t$ by ,holbe9 9 #aebg1 belong+ to ! late ,mr4 ,edw>d ,hu?4 ,! coll>s on ! ,salkeld effigies 7#aeja7 at ,salkeld 9 ,cumb]l& are compos$ ( ,,ss & f\r-leav$ fl[]s alt]nately1 & t worn by ,sir ,george ,=/] 7ob4 #aebf7 on 8 tomb at ,ald]ma/on 9 ,b]k%ire is ( ,,ss laid sideways & alt]nat+ ) knots1 & has a portcullis & rose p5dant4 ,9 #aede ,sir ,john ,al51 %]iff 9 #aeah & "l mayor 9 #aebe & #aece1 bequea!d = ! use ( ! "l mayor ( ,london1 & 8 successors = ev]1 8 coll> ( ,,ss1 knots1 & roses ( r$ & :ite enamel2 & a cross ( gold ) preci\s /ones & pe>ls 0 giv5 to be worn ) x 9 #aeeh4 ,an effigy ( a ,lisle c4 #aeej at ,?ruxton 9 ,hants has a simil> coll> ( ,,ss1 knots1 & roses1 also ) a cross z a p5dant4 ,sir ,john ,al5's coll>1 some:at enl>g$1 & ) a mod]n 'jewel' z a p5dant1 is /ill worn by ! "l mayor ( ,london1 & is ! only m$ieval coll> ( ,,ss t has surviv$4 ,aft] ! reign ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii ! we>+ ( ! coll> ( ,,ss gradually became re/rict$ to judges & o!r (ficials1 & has s surviv$ to ! pres5t day1 :5 x is /ill worn 9 ,engl& by ! "l *ief ju/ice1 ! k+s-(-arms1 h]alds1 & pursuivants1 & by ! s]jeants-at-arms4 ,! "l *ief ju/ice's coll>1 l all ^? =m]ly worn by ! judges1 is compos$ ( ,,ss & knots2 ! o!rs ( ,,ss only4 ,beside ! liv]y coll>s above m5tion$1 o!rs h be5 worn f "t to "t4 ,9 ! exquisitely pa9t$ dipty* or ,ri*>d ,,ii & 8 av[ries1 n[ at ,wilton ,h\se1 ! ,k+ has ab\t 8 neck a coll> =m$ ( gold5 broom-cods1 & ! gorge\s r$ mantle 9 :i* he is habit$ is cov]$ all ov] ) simil> coll>s enclos+ 8 fav\rite badge1 ! :ite h>t4 ,a coll> ( gold 'de ,bromecoddes' ) a sapphire & two pe>ls occurs 9 ! great inv5tory tak5 on ! dea? ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,v1 & a coll> =m$ ( ,,ss & broom-cods 0 also made = ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi 9 ,july #adbf4bg #bg ,john ,an/is1 ,! ,regi/] ( ! mo/ noble ,ord] ( ! ,g>t] 7,london1 #agbd71 ii4 #aaf note4 ,on 8 effigy at ,ripon 7c4 #acij7 ,sir ,?omas ,m>k5field displays a coll> =m$ ( p>k pal+s1 :i* wid5 out 9 front to enclose a c\*ant h>t 7fig4 #ahd74 ,if ?is 7 n a p]sonal coll>1 x may h be5 a liv]y ( ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] z e>l ( ,d]by4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahd4 ,head ( ! effigy 9 ,ripon m9/] ( ,sir ,?omas ,m>k5field ) liv]y coll> ( p>k-pal+s4 ,a brass ( ! same date ( a knight1 =m]ly at ,mild5hall1 %[$ him z we>+ a coll> app>5tly once compos$ ( scrolls ) scriptures1 jo9+ 9 front ^u a l>ge cr[n ) a coll>$ dog or o!r bea/ )9 x4 ,! brass at ,wotton-"u-,edge ( ,?omas "l ,b]keley 7ob4 #adag7 %[s him ) a coll> s[n ) m]maids1 ! cognisance ( 8 h\se 7fig4 #ahe74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahe4 ,?omas "l ,b]keley 7ob4 #adag7 ) a coll> ( m]maids1 f 8 brass at ,wotton-"u-,edge1 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,9 8 w dat$ #adcj ,william ,/[e ! eld]1 ( ,ripon1 a reta9] 9 ! h\sehold ( ! e>l ( ,nor?umb]l&1 bequea?s 8 silv] liv]y ,anglice cressaunt & 8 liv]y ,anglice coll] to ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,wilfrid4#bh ,possibly ! 'cressaunt' 0 an object simil> to t "h figur$ 7n[ belong+ to ! duke ( ,nor?umb]l&71 & ! coll> l t =m$ ( p's & cresc5ts enclos+ p's l9k$ toge!r :i* is engrav$ ^u x 7fig4 #ahf74 #bh ',item ego lib]aturam meam arg5team ,anglice cressaunt1 et lib]aturam meam ,anglice coll]4 ad f]etrum ,sancte ,wilfridi4' ,te/4 ,ebor4 ii4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahf4 ,silv] badge belong+ to ! duke ( ,nor?umb]l&4 ,! e>li] coll>s1 z has already be5 not$1 7 compos$ ( devices sewn ^u a b& ( /uff1 b 9 lat] examples a m op5 treatm5t is f\nd :]e9 ! devices are l9k$ toge!r by %ort pieces ( *a91 z 9 ! coll> ( ,,ss %[n 9 ,sir ,?omas ,m's portrait4 ,! ,yorki/ coll> ( suns & roses on an effigy at ,erd+ton is s treat$1 z is ! coll> ( ,,ss & fl[]s on ! ,salkeld effigies1 :i* may p]haps be a p]sonal & n a liv]y coll>4 ,coll>s ( simil> con/ruction1 b always ( silv]1 ) p5d5t scut*eons ( ! t[n arms1 7 worn by ! little b&s ( m9/rels call$ waits1 =m]ly 9 ! employ ( mo/ t[ns ( importance 7fig4 #ahg74 ,9 ,london ! six waits appo9t$ 9 #adge _h silv] coll>s ( ,,ss ) scut*eons ( ! city arms4 ,at ,exet] ! f\r waits' coll>s1 dat+ f ab\t #aejj1 /ill exi/1 & are =m$ ( r\ndels ) ,x's & ,r's alt]nately 7fig4 #ahg74 ,two beautiful waits' coll>s at ,norwi* 7c4 #aeej7 are compos$ ( silv] ca/les & gild$ leop>ds alt]nately1 l ^? 9 ! app5d$ %ield 7fig4 #ahg74 ,! waits' coll>s at ,lynn 7 =m$ ( scroll$ leaves alt]nat+ ) dragons' heads pi]c$ ) crosses1 l ^? 9 ! t[n arms1 :i* are allusive ( ,/4 ,m>g>et 7fig4 #ahg74 ,at ,york ! coll>s are =m$ :olly ( little silv] leop>ds1 & at ,bev]ley ( eagles & beav]s alt]nately4 ,! waits' coll>s at ,bri/ol date f ! reign ( ,que5 ,m>y1 & are compos$ ( pi]c$ r\ndels conta9+ alt]nately ! lett]s ,,cb4 & a rose dimidiat+ a pomegranate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahg4 ,waits' ,coll>s ( ,exet]1 ,k+'s ,lynn1 & ,norwi*4 ,! we>+ ( coll>s1 or *a9s z !y are call$1 by mayors1 mayoresses1 & %]iffs is comp>atively mod]n4 ,x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om = e p]son ( any dignity to we> a *a91 & x 0 only :5 *a9s began to g out ( fa%ion t ! we>+ ( !m surviv$ among p]sons ( p>ticul> dignity su* z mayors & %]iffs4 ,! coll> ( ,,ss worn by ! "l mayor ( ,london is an exceptional example1 & ! only o!r e>ly mayor's *a9 is t giv5 to ,k+/on-on-,hull 9 #aefd & remade 9 #aegj4 ,a pla9 gold *a9 0 bequea!d to ! city ( ,york 9 #afab1 & 'a fayre *ayne ( gold d\ble l9k$ ) a m$all ( massy gold' 0 giv5 to ! t[n ( ,guild=d 9 #afgc4 ,9 #agaf a gold *a9 = ! mayor 0 giv5 to ! city ( ,norwi*1 b pass$ on = ! use ( ! deputy mayor on a new *a9 be+ giv5 9 #ageg4 ,y>m\? b\ght itself a *a9 9 #agcd1 & sev5 o!r t[ns became possess$ ( mayors' *a9s t[>ds ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,d[n to #ahej "s fifte5 m mayors' *a9s came into exi/5ce1 mo/ly ( simple type1 l ! old] *a9s1 ) "o or m r[s ( pla9 or ornate l9ks4 ,s9ce #ahej practically e t[n t c boa/ ( a corporation has likewise got a *a9 = its mayor1 & appall+ creations _m ( !m are1 ) r[s ( tablet l9ks1 & armorial p5dants z l>ge z sauc]s4 ,a simple gold *a9 to be worn by ! %]iffs ( ,norwi* 0 giv5 9 #agci1 b ^? at ,*e/]1 ,newca/le1 ,exet]1 & o!r places are q rec5t4 ,9 ,london x has be5 ! cu/om = ! fri5ds & admir]s ( ! %]iffs to pres5t !m ) elaborate gold coll>s on _! accession to (fice1 b ^! are happily private prop]ty & n (ficial insignia4 ,! same description applies to !m z to ! rec5t mayors' *a9s4 ,*a9s = mayoresses h n yet become g5]al1 b !y are be+ multipli$ ye>ly4 ,! mayoress ( ,k+/on-on-,hull _h an (ficial *a9 z e>ly z #afjd1 b x 0 sold z be+ 'useless' 9 #ahce4 ,! lady mayoress ( ,york has a *a9 ( pla9 gold l9ks giv5 9 #afgj1 :i* is regul>ly weigh$ on its deliv]y to & return by ! we>]4 ,all o!r mayoresses' *a9s are q rec5t1 & 9 mo/ cases ( ! same fe>some design z ^? worn by _! husb&s4 ,! un=tunate mayors1 mayoresses1 & %]iffs are practically at ! m]cy ( ignorant & in>ti/ic tradesm5 = ! design+ & mak+ ( ! coll>s !y are call$ ^u to we> (ficially1 b t is no reason :y p ) m enlight5$ ideas %\ld n inv5t1 design1 & we> coll>s or *a9s t are beautiful 9 !mselves4 ,! examples already quot$ & ! _m illu/rations ( o!rs t are accessible w %[ :at comely ornam5ts ! old h]aldic coll>s 71 & _m a lady w\ld look well 9 a coll> to :om a necklace is mo/ unbecom+4 ,fl[]s1 lett]s1 & devices ( h]aldic import c easily be embroid]$ 9 gold1 or /ruck out ( metal & enamell$1 & !n be sewn d[n on velvet or silk /uff1 or l9k$ toge!r by f9e *a9s4 ,b let e we>] ( a *a9 or coll> avoid ! error ( mak+ x too long4 ,! anci5t coll>s 7 q %ort1 & !re=e re/$ com=tably & easily ^u ! %\ld]s4 ,(ficial coll>s h h[ev] gr[n to s prepo/]\s a l5g? t !y h to be ti$ ) b[s ( ribbons ^u ! %\ld]s to h9d] !m f slipp+ (f ! we>] altoge!r6 ,! reason ( ?is is curi\s & in/ructive4 ,! old coll>s 71 z a=esaid1 ( s5sible dim5sions1 b ! introduction ( wigs 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury necessitat$ ! coll>s be+ l5g!n$ to be worn outside !m4 ,wigs _h _! day & at la/ disappe>$ f g5]al we>1 b ! l5g!n$ coll>s rema91 & x has n occurr$ to any "o 9 au?ority t !y might n[ advantage\sly be %ort5$4 ,s ! inconv5i5ce goes on4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,h]aldic ,,embroid]ies ,! introduction ( armorial insignia 9 embroid]$ ,ve/m5ts3 on ,robes3 on ,b$s1 etc4 ,no "o :o has _h occasion to exam9e any s]ies ( old wills & inv5tories1 especially ^? ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 c fail to h notic$ :at a l>ge "p 0 play$ by h]aldry 9 ! h\sehold effects ( our =efa!rs4 ,9 ! ve/m5ts & o!r ornam5ts ( ! *apel1 ! hall+s1 bank]s1 & l furniture ( ! hall1 ! hang+s & curta9s ( ! b$s & b$*amb]s1 ! gold & silv] vessels & ut5sils ( ! table1 or 9 c>pets & cu%ions & foot/ools1 %ields ( arms1 badges1 mottoes1 & quasi-h]aldic devices ( all sorts 7 z common z blackb]ries 9 autumn4 ,& ! evid5ce ( illum9at$ pictures & monum5tal effigies is equally /rong 9 %[+ t h]aldry 0 q z mu* 9 vogue = p]sonal adornm5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact h]aldry _h its v orig9 9 a sy/em ( devices to be worn on %ields & bann]s & coats-(-arms to di/+ui% ! we>] 9 battle1 & f ! coat-(-arms ( ! knight x 0 b a /ep to ! armorial g[n or mantle ( 8 lady4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahh4 ,"p ( an embroid]$ alt> frontal ) a rebus at ,baunton 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire3 date1 late fifte5? c5tury4 ,x w\ld be some:at t$i\s to extract f ! au?orities j cit$1 especially s9ce !y are easily accessible1 e entry relat+ to an h]aldic ornam5t or piece ( furniture4 ,b ) reg>d to hang+s & embroid]ies ! case is some:at diff]5t1 inasmu* z numb]s ( ladies are engag$ n[adays 9 /it*-"w ( e k9d1 among/ :i* h]aldic embroid]y ought c]ta9ly to h a place4 ,z might be expect$1 ! inv5tories ( ,*ur* /uffs furni% u ) "s ( ! e>lie/ examples ( h]aldic embroid]ies1 & (t5 9 suffici5tly precise t]ms to enable u to realize :at ! ?+s look$ l4 ,?us an inv5tory tak5 9 #acae ( ! ornam5ts at ,*ri/*ur*1 ,cant]bury1 enum]ates su* ?+s z a *asuble & five copes1 ! gift ( ,ka?>9e ,lovel1 sewn ) arms ( div]s p]sons2 a :ite cope ( ! arms ( ! ,k+ ( ,scotl&2 a cope ( ,pet] bi%op ( ,exet] 7ob4 #abia7 ( baudekyn ') bip>t$ %ields' 7an e>ly example72 a cope ( ,john ( ,ald]by bi%op ( ,l9coln1 & ano!r ( ,?omas ,burton bi%op ( ,exet]1 ( gre5 clo? embroid]$ ) %ields2 an albe ) app>els ( blue velvet embroid]$ ) %ields & fleurs-de-lis2 two albes sewn ) %ields & black lett]s1 & a ?ird ( r$ samite embroid]$ ) %ields & pop9jays2 an albe sewn ) loz5ges ) ! arms ( ! ,k+ ( ,engl& & ( ,leyb\rne2 an albe sewn ) %ields & embroid]$ ) lett]s2 an albe sewn ) ! arms ( ,nor?wood & ,poynyngs 9 quadrangles2 & an albe1 /ole1 & fanon sewn ) div]s arms 9 loz5ges ) purple frets4 ,! same inv5tory m5tions a ve/m5t ( ,philip ,k+ ( ,france1 made1 q prop]ly1 ( blue clo? ) fleurs-de-lis2 & a numb] ( ve/m5ts ) orphreys ( ! arms ( ! ,k+ ( ,engl& & ( ,france4 ,! inv5tory ( ! ve/ry ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey tak5 9 #achh also conta9s "s int]e/+ h]aldic ornam5ts1 su* z a frontal ) ! arms ( ,engl& & ,france 9 r$ & blue velvet wov5 ) gold5 leop>ds & fleurs-de-lis1 f ! burial ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii2 six murrey c>pets wov5 ) ! new arms ( ! ,k+ ( ,engl& & ( ! c\nt ( ,ha9ault 79 o!r words1 ! qu>t]$ %ield adopt$ by ,edw>d ,,iii 9 #acdj1 & ! arms ( 8 que51 ,philippa ( ,ha9ault72 f\r c>pets ( ! arms ( ! e>l ( ,pembroke2 f\r c>pets ( r$ col\r wov5 ) :ite %ields hav+ ?ree r$ fleurs-de-lis1 ( ! gift ( ,ri*>d ,twy=d1 ^: arms !y 72 five black c>pets hav+ 9 ! corn]s %ields ( ! arms ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,edw>d2 two gre5 silk clo?s sewn ) ! arms ( ,engl&1 ,spa91 & ,que5 ,eleanor2 a b$ ) a bord] ) ! arms ( ! ,k+ ( ,scotl&2 ?ree new copes ( a r$ col\r ( noble clo? ( gold damask1 ) orphreys ( black velvet embroid]$ ) ! lett]s ,t & ,a & swans ( pe>l1 ! gift ( ,?omas duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 ^: wife 0 ,eleanor ,bohun1 & h] family badge a :ite swan2 a cope ( r$ velvet ) gold leop>ds & a bord] ( blue velvet wov5 ) gold fleurs-de-lis1 =m]ly ! "l ,john ( ,el?am's1 ^: f9e alaba/] tomb 9 ! abbey *ur* has ! same arms on 8 %ield4 ,a ,/4 ,paul's inv5tory ( #adjb also conta9s a few *oice examples3 a cope ( r$ velvet ) gold lions1 & orphreys ( ! coll>s ( ! duke ( ,lanca/] & a /ag ly+ 9 ! middle ( ea* coll>2 a suit ( blue clo? ( gold p[d]$ ) gold cr[ns 9 ea* ( :i* are fix$ two o/ri* fea!rs2 six copes ( r$ clo? ( gold ) blue orphreys ) gold5-hood$ falcons & ! arms ( ,que5 ,anne ( ,bohemia2 ?ree albes & amices ( l95 clo? ) orphreys ( r$ velvet p[d]$ & work$ ) little angels & ! arms ( ,engl&1 giv5 by ,que5 ,isabel2 ?ree albes & amices ) app>els ( r$ clo? ( gold p[d]$ ) div]s :ite lett]s ( ,s & ) gold5 leop>ds1 giv5 by ,john ( ,gaunt2 two great cu%ions ( silk clo? ( blue col\r ) a :ite cross ?r\gh\t1 & 9 ea* qu>t] ( ! cross ! gold5 head ( a lion4 ,! secul> docum5ts c>ry on ! /ory4 ,"s q notewor?y items may be f\nd 9 ! acc\nt ( ! exp5ses ( ! great w>drobe ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii 7#acde-dh-i73 = mak+ a b$ ( blue taffata = ! ,k+ p[d]$ ) g>t]s conta9+ ?is ^w hony soit q mal y p5se2 = mak+ a jupe ( blue taffata = ! ,k+'s body ) ,g>t]s & buckles & p5dants ( silv]-gilt2 = mak+ #dj cl\ds = div]s ( ! ,k+'s g>m5ts1 embroid]$ ) gold1 silv]1 & silk1 ) an ,e 9 ! middle ( gold1 g>ni%$ ) />s ?r\gh\t ! field2 = mak+ six p5nons = trumpets & cl>ions aga9/ ,*ri/mas ,day ( s9don beat5 ) ! ,k+'s arms qu>t]ly2 = mak+ ( a b$ ( r$ wor/$ giv5 to ! "l ,k+ by ,?omas de ,colley p[d]$ ) silv] bottles hav+ tawny b&s & curta9s ( s9don beat5 ) :ite bottles2 = mak+ a h>ness = ! "l ,david ,k+ ( ,scotl& ( 'blu' velvet ) a pale ( r$ velvet & )9 ! pale a=esaid a :ite rose2 = mak+ a h>ness ( :ite bok]am = ! ,k+ /5cill$ ) silv]1 namely1 a tunic & %ield wr\ght ) ! ,k+'s ^w hay hay ! wy! swan2 by godes s\le ,i am ?y man & a crupp]1 etc4 /5cill$ ) silv]2 = mak+ a d\blet = ! ,k+ ( :ite l95 clo? hav+ ab\t ! sleeves & bottom a bord] ( gre5 long clo? wr\ght ) cl\ds & v9es ( gold & ) ! ,k+'s ^w x4 is4 z4 x4 is4 ,9 #achj ,edmund ,mortim] e>l ( ,m>* leaves 'our great b$ ( black sat9 embroid]$ ) :ite lions 7! badge ( ! h\se ( ,m>*7 & gold roses ) scut*eons ( ! arms ( ,mortim] & ,ul/]'2 & 9 #ache ,joan pr9cess ( ,wales leaves to ,k+ ,ri*>d h] son 'my new b$ ( r$ velvet embroid]$ ) o/ri* fea!rs & leop>ds' heads ( gold ) bran*es & leaves issu+ f _! m\?s4' ,9 #achi ,william ,pak+ton ar*deacon ( ,cant]bury leaves 'my hall+ ( r$ ) a %ield ( ! ,k+'s arms 9 ! mid/ & ) m9e own arms 9 ! corn]s'2 & 9 #acia ,m>g>et1 ! wife ( ,sir ,william ,aldeburgh1 leaves 7i7 a r$ hall+ ) a bord] ( blue ) ! arms ( ,baliol & ,aldeburgh1 7ii7 a r$ b$ embroid]$ ) a tree & recumb5t lion & ! arms ( ,aldeburgh & ,tillzolf1 & 7iii7 a gre5 b$ embroid]$ ) griff9s & ! arms ( ,aldeburgh4 ,! inv5tory ( ,?omas ( ,wood/ock duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 tak5 9 #acig1 also conta9s "s int]e/+ items3 a :ite hall+ 7or set ( hang+s = a hall7 consi/+ ( a doss] & f\r co/]s work$ ) ! arms ( ,k+ ,edw>d 78 fa!r7 & 8 sons ) bord]s paly ( r$ & black p[d]$ ) ,bohun swans & ! arms ( ,h]e=d2 a great b$ ( gold1 t is to say1 a cov]let1 te/]1 & sel\r ( f9e blue sat9 work$ ) gold ,g>t]s1 & ?ree curta9s ( t>tryn beat5 ) ,g>t]s to mat*2 & a l>ge b$ ( :ite sat9 embroid]$ 9 ! mid/ ) ! arms ( ! duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 ) 8 helm1 9 ,cyprus gold4 ,a numb] ( o!r items 9 ! li/ are also m or less h]aldic3 a b$ ( black baudekyn p[d]$ ) :ite roses2 a l>ge old b$ ( gre5 t>tryn embroid]$ ) gold griff9s2 twelve pieces ( tape/ry c>pet1 blue ) :ite roses 9 ! corn]s & div]s arms2 a l>ge b$ ( blue baudekyn embroid]$ ) silv] owls & gold fleurs-de-lis2 fifte5 pieces ( tape/ry = two rooms ( r$ wor/$ embroid]$ ) blue ,g>t]s ( wor/$ ) helms & arms ( div]s sorts2 ?ree curta9s ( :ite t>tryn ) gre5 pop9jays2 a gre5 b$ ( d\ble samite ) a blue pale 7/ripe7 ( *amlet embroid]$ ) a pot ( gold fill$ ) div]s fl[]s ( silv]2 an old b$ ( blue wor/$ embroid]$ ) a /ag ( yell[ wor/$2 a r$ b$ ( wor/$ embroid]$ ) a cr[n$ lion & two griff9s & *aplets & roses2 a b$ ( blue wor/$ embroid]$ ) a :ite eagle2 a cov]let & te/] ( r$ wor/$ embroid]$ ) a :ite lion c\*+ "u a tree2 a s+le g[n ( blue clo? ( gold ( ,cyprus p[d]$ ) gold /ags2 & a s+le g[n ( r$ clo? ( gold ( ,cyprus ) m]maids4 ,9 #acha ,william "l ,latim] leaves 'an entire ve/m5t or suit ( r$ velvet embroid]$ ) a cross ( m9e arms1' & 9 #acig ,sir ,ralph ,ha/+s bequea!d 'a ve/m5t ( r$ clo? ( gold ) orphreys be=e & beh9d ensign$ ) maun*es & ) col\rs ( m9e arms1' :i* 7 a r$ maun* or sleeve on a gold gr\nd4 ,among ! *apel /uff ( ,h5ry ,b[et ar*bi%op ( ,york1 9 #adbc1 7 a sud>y or veil ( :ite clo? ) ! arms ( ! duke ( ,lanca/] on ! ends1 & two co/]s or curta9s ( r$ embroid]$ ) great :ite roses & ! arms ( ,/4 ,pet] 7! cross$ keys74 ,9 #adcg ,hel5 ,welles ( ,york bequea!d a blue te/] ) a c\*$ /ag & ! reason ,auxilium meum a ,dom9o4 ,9 #addh ,?omas ,morton1 a canon ( ,york1 left a hall+ ) two co/]s ( gre5 & r$ say pal$ ) ! arms ( ar*bi%op ,b[et2 & 9 #addi ! inv5tory ( ,dan ,john ,cl]k1 a ,york *apla91 m5tions two cov]s ( r$ say hav+ ! arms ( ,dan ,ri*>d ,scrope & ! keys ( ,/4 ,pet] work$ ^u !m4 ,to ! examples work$ ) lett]s may be add$ a b$ ) a c>pet ( r$ & gre5 ) cr[n$ ,m's1 left ab\t #addj by a ,bev]ley mason1 :o also _h ano!r b$ ) a c>pet ( blue & gre5 ) ,ka?>9e :eels2 a ve/m5t left 9 #adfg1 by ,rob]t ,e/1 a *antry prie/ 9 ,york m9/]1 ( gre5 wor/$ hav+ on ! back two cr[n$ lett]s1 namely1 ,r & ,e2 & a beque/ 9 #aebj by ,?omas duke ( ,norfolk ( 'our great hang$e b$de palyd ) clo? ( golde :yte damask & black velvet1 & br[d]$ ) ^! two lett]s ,t4 ,a41' be+ ! initials ( himself & 8 wife4 ,!re is ( c\rse no?+ to h9d] at ! pres5t day ! pr9ciples embodi$ 9 ! =ego+ examples1 :i* c\ld easily be ext5d$ ad inf9itum1 f be+ c>ri$ out 9 ! same delightful way2 & a small ex]cise ( +5uity w\ld soon devise a l treatm5t ( "o's own arms1 or ! use ( a fav\rite device or fl[]1 or ! sett+ out ( ! family ^w1 reason1 or motto4 ,! m$ieval passion = /rip$1 pan$1 or *eck]$ hang+s might also be reviv$ ) advantage1 & ! m5tion 9 #acia ( 'a b$ ( :ite & murrey und$' %[s t wav$ l9es 7 z tol]able z /raight4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,tudor ,,& ,,lat] ,,h]aldry ,decorative ,h]aldry ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii2 ,! ,decad5t ,*ange 9 ! ,quality ( ,h]aldry2 ,examples ( ,elaborat$ ,arms2 ,survival ( ,tradition 9 ,h]aldic ,art2 ,elizabe?an ,h]aldry2 ,h]aldry 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury & "u ! ,commonweal?2 ,po/-,re/oration ,h]aldry4 ,9 ! =ego+ *apt]s practically no?+ has be5 said or any illu/ration giv5 ( h]aldry lat] ?an ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 *iefly because little t is arti/ic c be f\nd aft]w>ds4 ,!re are h[ev] c]ta9 po9ts ab\t bo? ,elizabe?an & ,/ew>t h]aldry t are wor?y ( notice1 especially :5 ! old traditions h be5 foll[$4 ,9 ! second qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury decorative h]aldry may be said to h rea*$ its climax1 & su* examples z c be se5 at ,h5grave ,hall1 ,hampton ,c\rt1 ,a!lhampton ,h\se1 ,c[dray ,h\se1 ,/4 ,george's *apel 9 ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 ,k+'s ,college *apel at ,cambridge1 & ,h5ry ,,vii's ,lady *apel at ,we/m9/]1 or 9 ! beautiful panel ( ,h5ry ,,viii's arms at ,new ,hall 9 ,essex 7fig4 #ahi71 are q ! f9e/ ( _! k9d4 ,!n comes a fall+ (f1 & ?\gh sporadic cases 9 cont9uation ( tradition may be f\nd1 ) ! adv5t ( ! ,r5aissance ,engli% h]aldry und]w5t a complete *ange4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahi4 ,c>v$ panel ) ! cr[n$ arms1 support]s1 & badges ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii at ,new ,hall 9 ,essex4 ,"o ( ! mo/ notable diff]5ces betwe5 ! old] & ! lat] h]aldry is 9 ! quality ( ! h]aldry itself4 ,9 ! days :5 m5 devis$ arms = !mselves ^! 7 *>act]iz$ by a simplicity t held its own all ?r\gh ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies & well d[n into ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,b foll[+ ^u a privilege t _h hi!rto be5 ex]cis$ by ! ,k+ z a m>k ( special hon\r1 & 9 "s r>e cases ev5 by nobles1 ! h]alds !n began to assign arms to su* ( ! newly-ri* :o came to ! front aft] ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses & 7 will+ to pay = !m4 ,h5ce=? ! arti/ic aspect ( h]aldry ent]$ ^u a cont9u\s decad5t c\rse4 ,! beg9n+ is visible 9 ! extraord9>y compositions devis$ & grant$ to all sorts & conditions ( m5 dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,su* arms z _h be5 grant$ by ,h5ry ,,vi or ,edw>d ,,iv1 or ev5 by ! k+s-(-arms 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 /ill foll[$ anci5t prec$5t1 b ! ,tudor memb]s ( ! newly incorporat$ ,h]alds' ,college seem to h /ruck out a l9e = !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aij4 ,pav+ tile ) arms & initials ( ,john ,lyte 7c4 #aece71 f ,m>t5 *ur*1 ,wilts4 ,a notable example is furni%$ by ! arms devis$ = c>d9al ,?omas ,wulcy4 ,^!1 9 tok5 ( 8 ,suffolk orig91 h = basis ! engrail$ cross ^u a sable field ( ! ,uf=ds 7to :om he 0 n relat$71 *>g$ ) ! leop>ds' heads ( ! de la ,poles & a lion passant 7p]haps = ,engl&72 to :i* is add$ a gold *ief1 ) a r$ ,lanca/rian rose1 & two ( ! ,corni% *\ghs f ! po/hum\s arms ( ,/4 ,?omas ( ,cant]bury 9 allusion to 8 ,*ri/ian "n6 ,! arms grant$ by ,*ri/oph] ,b>k]1 ,g>t]1 9 #aecf to ! city ( ,gl\ce/] af=d ano!r example4 ,!y consi/ ( ! sword ( /ate ( ! city1 ) ! sword-be>]'s cap on ! po9t1 set upright on a gold pale1 & flank$ on ei!r side by a silv] horse%oe & a triad ( hors5ails on a gre5 field2 !re is also 7z 9 ,wulcy's arms7 a *ief p>ty gold & purple1 ) ! silv] bo>'s head ( ,ri*>d ,,iii 7:o grant$ a *>t] to ! city7 betwe5 ! halves ( a ,lanca/rian r$ rose & ( a ,yorki/ :ite rose1 ea* dimidiat$ ) a gold5 sun6 ,a ref]5ce to ,b$=d's ,blazon ( ,episcopacy w %[ t ! arms ( a consid]able numb] ( ! bi%ops appo9t$ dur+ ! reigns ( ,h5ry ,,viii & ,edw>d ,,vi 7 *>act]iz$ by ov]*>g$ *iefs l ^? j describ$1 & ^! may be tak5 z typical ( ! arms !n be+ grant$ by ! k+s-(-arms4 ,! same passion = cr[d+ ! %ield is se5 ev5 9 _m ( ! less elaborate arms t 7 occasionally grant$4 ,?+s did n improve "u ,m>y & ,elizabe?4 ,simple arms cont9u$ to be issu$ f ! ,college1 b mix$ ) su* extravagant bur/s z t ( ,laur5ce ,dalton1 ,norroy1 :o grant$ 9 ,janu>y #aefj-a to ! fam\s physician doctor ,john ,caius ^! arms3 ,golde semyd w? fl[re g5tle 9 ! myddle ( ! *eyfe1 s5gr5e re/+ uppon ! heades ( ij s]p5tes 9 pale1 _! tayles knytte to ge!r1 all 9 prop] color1 re/+ uppon a squ>e m>ble /one v]t1 betw5e !ire bre/es a boke sable1 g>ny%$ gewles1 buckles gold1 & to 8 cre/ ^u !lme a ,dove arg5t1 bekyd membr$ gewles1 hold+ 9 8 beke by ! /alke1 fl[re g5tle 9 propre color1 /alk$ v]te1 set on a wre? golde gewles4 ,?is preci\s composition is fur!r describ$ 9 ! grant z betok5+ by ! boke l]n+3 by ! ij s]p5tes re/+ ^u ! squ>e m>ble /one1 wisdom ) grace f\nd$ /ay$ ^u v]tues /able /one3 by s5gr5e fl[] g5tle1 immortality yt nev] %all fade1 etc4 ,! way 9 :i* matt]s w5t f bad to worse is %[n by ! case ( ! ,company ( ',b>b\rs ,*irurgeons' ( ,london1 to :om _h be5 grant$ 9 #aefa paly arg5t & v]t1 on a pale gules a lyon passant g>dant golde betwe5e two ,spatt]s arg5t on e*e a d\ble rose gules & arg5t cr[n$ golde4 ,! unit$ g5ius ( ,g>t]1 ,cl>5ceux1 & ,norroy 'improv$' ^! arms 9 #aefi into3 ,qu>t]ly ! fir/ sables a ,*ev]on betwe5e ?ree flewmes arg5t3 ! second qu>t] p] pale arg5t & v]t on a ,spatt] ( ! fir/1 a d\ble ,rose gules & arg5t cr[n$ golde3 ! ?ird qu>t] z ! seconde & ! f\r? z ! fir/3 ,ov] all on a ,crosse gules a lyon passant g>dant golde4 ,su* compositions z ^! c\ld n b fail to br+ h]aldry into contempt1 & m5 soon ceas$ to revel 9 & play ) x 9 ! same delightful way z be=e4 ,"h & !re1 z 9 ,sir ,?omas ,tre%am's m>ket h\se at ,ro?well1 or 9 ,sir ,h5ry ,/af=d's great mansion ( ,kirby ,hall1 tradition has be5 held fa/1 & play is made ^u ! =m] ) ! ,tre%am trefoils1 & 9 ! latt] ) ,/af=d knots & ) cre/s treat$ z badges 9 q ! old /yle4 ,at ,kirby ,hall1 despite its date 7#aegb-e71 & at ,cadhay 9 ,devon1 sitt+ figures ( bea/s ) %ields ( arms 7 set ^u ! gables1 & at ,kirby ^u ! p9nacles t surm\nt$ ! pila/]s ab\t ! c\rt4 ,a good panel ) ! arms & badge app>5tly ( ,sir ,john ,gulde=d 7ob4 #aefe7 is to be se5 9 ,ea/ ,gulde=d *ur*1 ,sussex 7fig4 #aia74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aia4 ,arms1 ) cre/$ helm & badge 7a blaz+ ragg$-/aff7 (1 app>5tly1 ,sir ,john ,gulde=d ( ,b55d5 7ob4 #aefe7 9 ,ea/ ,gulde=d *ur*1 ,sussex4 ,a rem>kably f9e specim5 ( ,elizabe?an h]aldic decoration is also to be se5 9 ! great *amb] ( ,gill+ ca/le1 ,yorks1 z f9i%$ by ,sir ,william ,fairfax ab\t #aehe4 ,"h ! beautiful inlaid wall-panell+ is surm\nt$ by a frieze ne>ly f\r feet deep1 pa9t$ ) hunt+ sc5es & a s]ies ( l>ge trees1 ^u :i* are hung accord+ to wap5takes ! %ields ( arms ( ,york%ire g5tlefolk4 ,! *imney piece displays ! armorial ensigns ( ! build]1 ) ^? ( 8 ,que5 above1 & f\r o!r %ields1 & betwe5 ! frett+s ( ! pla/] ceil+ are ! ,fairfax lions & goats1 & ! ,/apleton talbot4 ,! ri* effect ( ! :ole is complet$ by ! contempor>y h]aldic glaz+ ) :i* ! w9d[s happily are fill$4 ,b 9 ,elizabe?an build+s g5]ally1 h]aldry made b a poor %[4 ,support]s & o!r creatures _h desc5d$ f ! gables to /& or squat ^u gatepo/s1 & occasionally a squ>e panel fill$ ) h]aldry 0 inset above a doorway or a por*2 or ! family cre/1 divorc$ f its helm1 0 c>v$ ^u ! sp&rels ( ! entrance4 ,b ! =m] glory _h disappe>$1 & %ields ( arms 7 (t5 replac$ by initials & dates ( own]s & build]s1 presumably because !y 7 'non-armig]\s p]sons4' ,)9 doors matt]s 7 some:at bett]4 ,su* gorge\s rooms z ! great *amb] at ,gill+ 7 q exceptional1 & h]aldic display 0 usually conf9$ to ! elaborately c>v$ ov]mantels ( ! *imneys1 :i* s]v$ z a frame = ! family arms & cre/$ helm ) gr& fl\ri%+ ( mantl+s4 ,^! 7 (t5 repeat$ ^u ! ca/-iron fire-backs4 ,! art ( ! pla/]] 0 ext5d$ to ! inclusion ( cre/s & o!r devices among ! ornam5ts ( ! m\ld$ ceil+s1 & ! glazi] cont9u$ to fill ! w9d[s ) beautiful col\r$ %ields ( alliances4 ,occasionally too ! family arms 7 wov5 into c>pets or table cov]s2 or embroid]$ by ! ladies ( ! h\se on ! hang+s ( ! /ate b$1 )9 *>m+ wrea?s ( fl[]s copi$ f ^? 9 ! g>d5 7fig4 #aib74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aib4 ,"p ( a b$-hang+ embroid]$ ) ! arms ( ,h5ry & ,elizabe? ,w5twor?1 c4 #aefj1 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,sir ,a4 ,w4 ,franks1 ,k4,c4,b4 ,! monum5ts ( ! dead cont9ue z be=e to be adorn$ ) h]aldry1 b 9 a diff]5t way1 & = ! beautiful simple arms & devices ( ! m$ieval memorial began to be sub/itut$ ! conc5trat$ %ield ( ! family qu>t]+s1 ) cre/ & mantl$ helm1 & su* support]s z ! ,college ( ,arms all[$ or approv$4 ,despite ! inevitable consequ5t =mality1 !re is (t5 mu* t is good ab\t ! treatm5t ( ,elizabe?an & ,jacobean h]aldry1 & x w\ld n be easy1 ev5 at an e>li] date1 to beat ! delightful lions ^u ! %ields on ! ,l5nox tomb at ,we/m9/] 7fig4 #aid71 or to fill up m satisfactorily a %ield l t above ! monum5t ( ,sir ,ralph ,pecksall 7fig4 #aie74 ,! effective way 9 :i* ! %ield itself is treat$ 9 ?is case is also praisewor?y1 & bo? %ields are models ( h]aldic c>v+ 9 l[ relief4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aic4 ,arms ( ,cotes1 f a maz] pr9t ( #aehe-f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aid4 ,%ield f ! tomb ( ,m>g>et c\ntess ( ,l5nox 7ob4 #aegh7 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aie4 ,a*ievem5t ( arms f ! monum5t ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,pecksall 7ob4 #aega7 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*4 ,! ,l5nox & ,pecksall %ields are likewise indicative ( ano!r *>act]i/ic *ange1 ! desire to illu/rate anci5t desc5t by ! multiplication ( qu>t]+s4 ,! disa/r\s consequ5ces ( ?is practice1 ev5 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 h already be5 po9t$ out1 b 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe? x 0 c>v$ to su* an excess z to produce at times a m]e pat*work ( c>v$ or pa9t$ qu>t]s1 9 :i* ! beauty ( ! h]aldry 0 entirely lo/4 ,9 ! great hall ( ,fawsley ,h\se1 ,nor?ants1 !re hangs a col\r$ a*ievem5t ( ! ,knightley family conta9+ actually #ccd qu>t]+s1 :i* h be5 rightly describ$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,got* z '#ccj too _m = decorative effect4' ,! h]aldry ( ! sev5te5? c5tury is 9 g5]al b a dull] v]sion ( t ( ! lat] sixte5? c5tury1 ) a t5d5cy to become m commonplace z "t goes on4 ,"u ! ,commonweal? e ve/ige ( regality 0 ord]$ to be put d[n & done away2 a v l>ge numb] ( repres5tations ( ! royal arms 7 defac$ & de/roy$2 & ! leop>ds ( ,engl& 7 = a "t 'driv5 into ! wild]ness' along ) ! lion ( ,scotl&4 ,x 0 nev]!less ?\ght desirable t ! ,unit$ ,k+dom %\ld /ill h arms1 & on ,,! ,,great ,,seale ,,( ,,engl&_/ ,,9 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,ye>e ,,( ,,fre$om ,,by ,,god',s ,,bless+ ,,re/or$1 t is1 #afdh1 ! cross ( ,/4 ,george appe>s = ,engl&1 & a h>p = ,irel&4 ,! royal cr[n 0 at ! same "t sup]s$$1 on all maces & o!r symbols ( k+ly p[]1 by ano!r :i* curi\sly reproduces all its elem5ts4 ,x _h a circlet inscrib$ ,,! ,,fre$om ,,( ,,engl& ,,by ,,god',s ,,bless+ ,,re/or$1 ) ! date1 & = ! cre/+ ( crosses & fleurs-de-lis !re 0 sub/itut$ an int]tw9$ cable enclos+ small c>t\*es ) ! cross ( ,/4 ,george & ! ,iri% h>p4 ,! new cr[n 0 also ar*$ ov]1 ) f\r graceful incurv$ memb]s l o/ri* fea!rs1 b wr\ght ) oak leaves & acorns4 ,^! support$ a pyramidal gr\p ( f\r h&some c>t\*es ) ! cross & h>p surr\nd$ by an acorn1 in/ead ( ! orb & cross4#bi ,p]fect examples ( ?is s+ul> republican cr[n /ill surm\nt ! two maces ( ! t[n ( ,weym\?4 #bi ,a curi\s v>iant ( ?is cr[n1 ) a jewell$ in/ead ( an inscrib$ b&1 heads a draw+ ( ! city arms ( ! date #afea 9 ! ,dormant ,book ( ! corporation ( ,c>lisle4 ,on ! obv]se ( ! new great seal ( ! ,commonweal?1 design$ & engrav$ by ,simon & fir/ us$ 9 #afee1 ! field is fill$ ) an h]aldic a*ievem5t ( "s int]e/ 7fig4 #aif74 ,?is includes a %ield ) ! cross ( ,/4 ,george 9 ! fir/ & f\r? qu>t]s1 ,/4 ,&rew's cross 9 ! second qu>t]1 & ! ,iri% h>p 9 ! ?ird qu>t]1 ) ! lion ( ,cromwell on a scut*eon ( pret5ce4 ,?is %ield ( ! ,/ate's arms is support$ by a lion ) a royal cr[n on 8 head1 & by a dragon1 /&+ ^u ! edge ( a ribbon ) ! motto ,,pax ,,qv,,ritvr ,,bello1 & is surm\nt$ by a front-fac$ helm ) mu* fl\ri%$ mantl+1 ) a royal cr[n & ! cr[n$ leop>d cre/ above1 set a?w>t ! helm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aif4 ,obv]se ( ! ,great ,seal ( ! ,republic ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 #afee4 ,! seal furni%es an excell5t illu/ration ( ! h]aldic art ( ! p]iod1 b x is s+ul> t "u a ,noncon=mi/ dom9ation ! arms select$ = ,engl& & ,scotl& %\ld consi/ ( ! crosses ( _! patron sa9ts4 ,x is also int]e/+ to note t ! expung$ arms ( ,engl& & ,scotl& _h evid5tly be5 reg>d$ rightly z p]sonal to ! murd]$ ,k+4 ,a fur!r curi\s po9t is ! reappe>ance on ! seal ( ! royal cr[n ( ,engl& above ! helm & on ! leop>d cre/ & ! lion support]4 ,on ! rev]se ( ! seal j not$ ! ,/ate's new arms are repeat$ on a c>t\*e beh9d ! eque/rian figure ( ! ,protector4 ,( ! h]aldry ( ! ,re/oration & lat] x is h>dly necess>y to make m5tion1 s lifeless & dull is ! g5]ality ( x4 ,a good specim5 c4 #afgj ) ! arms ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se 7fig4 #aig71 & a lat] "o 7fig4 #aih7 ) ! arms1 etc4 ( ! ,trevor family1 are to be se5 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,ref]5ce is due1 too1 to "o o!r notable example4 ,?is is ! beautiful panell$ ceil+ set up ov] ! *apel 7=m]ly ! great hall7 ( ,auckl& ca/le1 by doctor ,john ,cos9 bi%op ( ,durham 7fig4 #aii74 ,x 0 9 mak+ f #affb to #affd1 by a local c>p5t]1 & consi/s = ! mo/ "p ( a s]ies ( squ>e panels conta9+ alt]nately ! cross & f\r lions t =m ! arms ( ! bi%opric ( ,durham1 & ! fret =m+ ! arms ( ,cos94 ,9 ! middle bay ! bi%op's arms are giv5 9 an oval1 & flank$ by simil> ovals ) ! eagle ( ,/4 ,john 9 allusion to 8 "n4 ,no e>li] wood5 ceil+ c\ld be f9] 9 conception1 & ! effect ( ! :ole 0 orig9ally enhanc$ by col\r & gild+1 b ?is 0 mo/ unhappily remov$ by ord] ( bi%op ,b>r+ton 7#agia-ahbf74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aig4 ,arms1 etc4 ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se1 ,london4 ,f a wood c>v+ c4 #afgj 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aih4 ,limewood c>v+ ) ! arms & cre/ ( ! ,trevor family1 c4 #agjj1 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aii4 ,"p ( ! c>v$ oak ceil+ ( ! *apel1 =m]ly ! hall1 ( ,auckl& ca/le1 ,durham1 ) ! arms ( bi%op ,john ,cos91 date #affb-d4 ,) s notable a late survival ( m$ieval tradition ?is book may fitly end4 ,,*ronological ,,s]ies ,,( ,,illu/rations ,! foll[+ s]ies ( illu/rations is an attempt to ga!r up into *ronological ord] su* ( ! m typical examples 9 ?is book z s]ve to %[ ! developm5t & v>i\s applications ( h]aldic art f ! ?irte5? to ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! s]ies c\ld1 ( c\rse1 h be5 ext5d$ indef9itely1 b ! pres5t collection is probably suffici5t = its purpose4 ,illu/ration3 c4 #abee c4 #abei ,tiles c4 #abee f ! *apt]-h\se & %ield c4 #abei f ! quire aisle ( ,we/m9/] abbey ,illu/ration3 ,%ields c4 #abei f ! quire aisles ( ,we/m9/] abbey *ur* ,illu/ration3 ,! ,syon ,cope1 a late ?irte5?-c5tury "w ) armorial orphrey & bord] 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,qu>t]$ %ield ( ,que5 ,eleanor ( ,ca/ile1 f h] tomb at ,we/m9/]1 #abia ,illu/ration3 #a #b ,seals f ! ,b>ons' ,lett] ( #acja ( 7#a7 ,hugh ,b>dolf & 7#b7 ,h5ry ,p]cy ,illu/ration3 ,diap]$ %ield f ! monum5t ( ! lady ,eleanor ,p]cy 7ob4 #accg7 9 ,bev]ley ,m9/] ,illu/ration3 ,diap]$ %ield f ! monum5t ( ! lady ,eleanor ,p]cy 7ob4 #accg7 9 ,bev]ley ,m9/] ,illu/ration3 ,%ield ( ! arms ( ,sir ,humphrey ,littlebury1 f 8 effigy at ,holbea* 9 ,l9coln%ire2 c4 #acfj ,illu/ration3 ,%ields f brasses at ,new ,romney1 ,k5t1 & at ,salisbury1 #acge ,illu/ration3 ,%ield modell$ 9 boil$ lea!r1 f ! tomb ( ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales1 ob4 #acgf1 at ,cant]bury ,illu/ration3 ,%ield & cre/$ helm ) simple mantl+ f a brass at ,s\?acre1 ,norfolk1 #achd ,illu/ration3 ,/all-plate ( ,ralph "l ,bassett1 #acij1 %[+ simple =m ( mantl+ ,illu/ration3 #a #b ,%ields ) lions f 7#a7 ,felbrigge1 ,norfolk1 c4 #achj1 & 7#b7 f ,spilsby1 ,l9cs1 #acia ,illu/ration3 ,%ields f brasses at ,*ipp+ ,campd51 ,glos4 #adja1 & ,great ,tew1 ,oxon1 #adaj ,illu/ration3 ,arms ( ,/4 ,edmund ! ,k+ & ,/4 ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 f ! tomb ( ,edmund duke ( ,york1 ob4 #adjb1 at ,k+'s ,langley ,illu/ration3 ,seal ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp e>l ( ,w>wick1 9 #adjc1 & e>ly fifte5?-c5tury h]aldic tiles f ,tewkesbury abbey *ur* ,illu/ration3 ,%ields f brasses at ,*eck5don1 ,oxon1 #adjd1 & ,b\ghton-"u-,blean1 ,k5t1 #adje ,illu/ration3 ,%ields f brasses at ,kidd]m9/]1 ,worcs1 #adae1 & ,:it*ur*1 ,oxon1 c4 #adbj ,illu/ration3 ,"p ( ! *ancel arcade 9 ,w+field *ur*1 ,suffolk1 ) badges ( ,mi*ael de la ,pole e>l ( ,suffolk1 ob4 #adae1 & 8 wife ,ka!r9e ,/af=d ,illu/ration3 ,/all-plate ( ,walt] "l ,hung]=d1 aft] #adbf ,illu/ration3 ,/all-plate ( ,humphrey duke ( ,buck+ham z ,e>l ( ,/af=d1 c4 #adbi ,illu/ration3 ,tomb ( ,lewis ,robs>t "l ,b\r*i]1 ob4 #adca1 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur* ,illu/ration3 ,bann] /all-plate ( ,ri*>d ,nevill e>l ( ,salisbury1 c4 #adcf ,illu/ration3 ,bann] /all-plate ( ,sir ,john ,grey ( ,ru?91 c4 #adci ,illu/ration3 ,sp&rel ( ! tomb ( ,oliv] ,groos1 ,esq41 ob4 #adci1 9 ,sloley *ur*1 ,norfolk ,illu/ration3 ,*imney-piece 9 ,tatt]%all ca/le1 ,l9cs1 built by ,ralph "l ,cromwell betwe5 #adcc & #adee ,illu/ration3 ,pr9t f a maz] at ,all ,s\ls college1 ,ox=d1 c4 #adej1 & %ield f a brass at ,/an=d ,d+ley1 ,b]ks1 #addd ,illu/ration3 ,seals ( ,edmund duke ( ,som]set1 c4 #adde1 & ,john ,tipt(t e>l ( ,worce/]1 #addi ,illu/ration3 ,seal ( ,cecily ,nevill1 wife ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,york & "m ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 #adfa ,illu/ration3 c4 #aejj c4 #adgf ,%ields f ! *antry *apel ( ,?omas ,ramryge abbot ( ,/4 ,albans1 c4 #aejj1 & f a brass at ,/oke ,poges1 ,bucks1 #adgf ,illu/ration3 ,oriel w9d[ 9 ! ,dean]y at ,wells1 ) badges ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv & rebuses ( ,dean ,gun?orpe1 c4 #adge-hj ,illu/ration3 ,armorial panel1 temp4 ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv1 f ! ,george ,inn at ,gla/onbury ,illu/ration3 ,*imney-piece 9 ! ,bi%op's ,palace at ,exet]1 ) arms & badges ( bi%op ,pet] ,c\rt5ay1 #adgh-hg ,illu/ration3 ,gateway to ! ,dean]y at ,pet]bor\gh ) arms & badges ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii & o!rs1 built by ,rob]t ,kirkton1 abbot #adig-aebf ,illu/ration3 ,h]aldic c&le-hold]1 etc4 f ! bronze grate ab\t ! tomb ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii at ,we/m9/] ,illu/ration3 ,bronze door ) ,york & ,beau=t badges f ,h5ry ,,vii's *apel at ,we/m9/] ,illu/ration3 ,cr[n$ initials ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii f 8 *apel at ,we/m9/]1 & cr[n$ portcullis & rose f ,k+'s college *apel at ,cambridge ,illu/ration3 ,cr[n$ arms & support]s ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii 9 ,k+'s college *apel at ,cambridge ,illu/ration3 ,c>v$ panel ) ! cr[n$ arms1 support]s1 & badges ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii at ,new ,hall1 ,essex ,illu/ration3 ,gateh\se ( ,*ri/'s college at ,cambridge1 built by ! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t aft] #aeje ,illu/ration3 ,base ( an oriel on ! ma/]'s lodge at ,*ri/'s college 9 ,cambridge ) ! armorial ensigns ( ! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 f\ndress1 c4 #aeje ,illu/ration3 ,armorial panel ) ! arms1 etc4 ( ! lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 on ! gateh\se ( ,/4 ,john's college 9 ,cambridge ,illu/ration3 ,head ( a doorway1 n[ 9 ,norwi* ,guildhall1 temp4 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii ,illu/ration3 ,pav+ tile1 c4 #aece1 f ,m>t5 *ur*1 ,wilts2 & %ield ( ,/4 ,george 9 ! ,g>t] f ! brass ( ,?omas e>l ( ,wilt%ire & ,ormond1 #aecc1 at ,hev] 9 ,k5t ,illu/ration3 ,loz5ge ( arms f ! monum5t at ,we/m9/] ( ,frances ,br&on du*ess ( ,suffolk1 ob4 #aeei ,illu/ration3 ,"p ( an embroid]$ b$-hang+1 c4 #aefj ,illu/ration3 ,arms ) cre/$ helm & badge ( 7app>5tly7 ,sir ,john ,gulde=d ( ,b55d51 ob4 #aefe1 9 ,ea/ ,gulde=d *ur*1 ,sussex ,illu/ration3 ,armorial ensigns f ! monum5t ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,pecksall1 ob4 #aega1 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur* ,illu/ration3 ,%ield f ! tomb ( ,m>g>et c\ntess ( ,l5nox1 ob4 #aegh1 9 ,we/m9/] abbey *ur* ,illu/ration3 ,obv]se ( ! ,great ,seal ( ! ,republic ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 #afee ,illu/ration3 ,"p ( ! c>v$ oak ceil+ ( ! *apel ( ,auckl& ca/le1 ,durham1 ) ! arms ( bi%op ,john ,cos94 ,date1 #affb-d ,illu/ration3 ,arms1 etc4 ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se1 ,london4 ,f a wood-c>v+ c4 #afgj 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,limewood c>v+ ) ! arms & cre/ ( ! ,trevor family1 c4 #agjj1 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum ,,index ,,index ,academy1 ,royal1 h]aldry at exhibitions1 #cc ,acton *ur* 7,suffolk71 brass 91 #beb ,africa1 ,s\?1 #bfi ,albans1 ,sa9t1 #ed1 #afd1 #bei1 #bha2 abbey *ur* (1 #gc1 #gd ,albem>le1 ,ri*>d e>l (1 see ,beau*amp2 ,william e>l (1 see ,=z ,alb]t ,m$al = ,brav]y1 #bfe ,aldeburgh arms1 #cbf ,aldeburgh1 ,m>g>et1 #cbf2 ,sir ,william1 #cbf ,ald]by1 ,john (1 bp4 ( ,l9coln1 #cbb ,ald]ma/on 7,b]ks71 #cjf ,al51 ,sir ,john1 #cjg1 #cjh ,alex&ra1 ,que51 bann] (1 #bbh ,alex&ria1 rubies (1 #bge1 #bij ,alnwick1 ,william1 bp4 ( ,norwi*1 #bfd ,&rew1 sa9t1 cross or saltire (1 #dj1 #bbe1 #bdh1 #bdi ,ang\lme1 arms (1 #aai ,anne ( ,bohemia1 ,que51 #hi1 #agb1 #ahe1 #cbd ,an/is1 ,john1 #cji ,an?ony1 cross ( sa9t1 #ej ,antiqu>ies1 ,society (1 #bcc ,aquita9e1 du*y (1 #aed ,arms1 rolls (1 #fb ,arundel 7,sussex71 effigy at1 #bgg1 #bgi ,arundel1 ,beatrice c\ntess (1 #bgh2 ,edmund e>l (1 see ,fitz,alan2 ,joan c\ntess (1 #bgi1 #bhj2 ,ri*>d e>l (1 see ,fitz,alan2 ,?omas e>l (1 #bgc1 #bgg2 ,sir ,edmund (1 #aah2 ,sir ,william1 #add1 #ade2 ,william e>l (1 see ,fitz,alan ,a%mole1 ,elias1 #bbd ,a/ley1 ,sir ,john1 #aca ,a/on 7,w>w71 effigy at1 #cje ,a!lhampton ,h\se 7,dorset71 #cca ,auckl& ca/le 7,durham71 ceil+ 91 #ceb1 #cec ,avel9e1 c\ntess ( ,lanca/]1 #abj ,badges1 #afe-ahd ,badlesm]e1 ,b>?olomew1 #aag2 ,maud1 #aag1 #aah ,baliol arms1 #cbf ,ball>d arms1 #fa ,bana/re1 ,sir ,?omas1 #ada ,bann]1 ! ,k+'s1 #bai1 #bbj1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bbh ,bann]s ( arms1 #baf1 #bag1 #bai-bcc ,b>1 !1 #dj ,b>b\rs & ,*irurgeons1 ,company (1 #ccg ,b>dolf1 ,hugh1 seal (1 #fh2 ,william "l1 see ,phelip ,b>et1 ,john1 #cjc ,b>k]1 ,*ri/oph]1 ,g>t]1 #cce ,b>ons' ,lett] ( #acjj-a1 #di1 #fh1 #fi1 #gg1 #hb1 #aab1 #aac1 #abd1 #abe1 #abf1 #agb1 #aha1 #aie ,b>re1 ,h5ry c\nt (1 #aac2 ,joan dau4 (1 #aac ,b>r+ton1 bi%op1 #cec ,b>ron1 ,mr4 ,oswald1 #eb ,b>ry1 #dc2 numb] ( b>s1 #dh ,b>?olomew1 hospital ( ,sa9t1 arms1 #dh ,bas+ ,h\se 7,hants71 #bhe ,bassett1 ,ralph "l1 #aab1 #adj1 #adb ,ba/on1 !1 #dd ,ba?1 coll> ( !1 #bic2 ,ord] ( !1 #bec ,ba? & ,wells1 ,?omas bp4 (1 see ,beck+ton ,bat\r1 ,john1 #aii ,battl$1 #de ,baunton 7,glos71 frontal at1 #cbj ,bayeux1 seal = t[n (1 #bje1 #baj ,beatrice c\ntess ( ,arundel1 #bgh ,beau*amp arms1 #ea1 #eh1 #fc1 #ig2 badges1 #eh1 #if1 #ahd2 family1 #ajc ,beau*amp1 ,h5ry1 e>l ( ,w>wick1 #bgb2 ,john1 ( ,hac*e1 #aig2 ,m>g>et1 #if1 #bad2 ,ri*>d1 e>l ( ,w>wick & ,albem>le1 #fa1 #if1 #add1 #adf1 #bjd1 #bjh1 #bji1 #bad1 #bba1 #bgd1 #bgf2 ,?omas1 e>l ( ,w>wick1 #age1 #aih ,beau=t1 ,edmund1 duke ( ,som]set1 #bje1 #baj2 ,h5ry1 bp4 ( ,w9*e/]1 #afd2 ,joan1 c\ntess ( ,we/morl&1 #bgh1 #bhb2 ,john1 duke ( ,som]set & e>l ( ,k5dal1 #bjf1 #bca2 ! lady ,m>g>et1 #ahd1 #bji1 #bhf-bhh ,beau=t portcullis1 #afi1 #bhh1 #cjd ,beaumont1 ,john "l1 #ada2 ,m>g>et1 #bag ,beck+ton1 ,?omas1 bp4 ( ,ba? & ,wells1 rebus (1 #ahh1 #aia ,b$ale 7,yorks71 effigy at1 #gc ,b$=d1 ,jasp] duke (1 see ,jasp] ,b$=d1 ,john duke (1 see ,john ,b$=d's ,blazon ( ,episcopacy1 #cce ,bek1 ,antony1 bp4 ( ,durham1 arms (1 #ej ,b5d1 !1 #dj1 #da2 ,b5dy1 #dd ,b55d5 7,k5t71 #cci ,b5/$ arms1 #aad ,b5/$1 ,sir ,john1 #aad2 ,p>nell1 #aad ,b5tley1 ,little 7,essex71 brass at1 #cjf ,b]keley arms1 #ea1 #fc2 badge1 #ahd2 m]maid coll>1 #caj1 #caa ,b]keley1 ,?omas (1 #abe2 ,?omas "l1 #cji1 #caj ,b]m+ham1 ,walt]1 #aag ,b]n]s arms1 #ig ,bev]ley 7,yorks71 #cbi2 waits' coll>s1 #cac ,bev]ley m9/]1 h]aldry 91 #ed1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #ajh ,bigod1 ,sir ,john1 #bii ,bo>1 silv]1 ( ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,iii1 #cjd ,bohemia1 ,anne (1 see ,anne ,bohun1 ,eleanor1 #agb1 #bad1 #cbc2 ,humphrey1 e>l ( ,h]e=d & ,essex1 #agb1 #aic1 #aid1 #aif1 #bgd2 ,john de1 e>l ( ,h]e=d1 #aae2 ,m>y1 #ib1 #agb1 #bih ,bohun ( ,h]e=d1 arms (1 #if2 ( ,nor?ampton1 arms (1 #if ,bohun swan badge1 #agb1 #ahd1 #aif1 #bad1 #bih1 #cbg ,bordeaux1 ,john s5es*al (1 see ,nevill ,bord]1 !1 #da ,bor\ghbridge ,roll1 #fb ,botreaux1 ,m>g>et lady (1 see ,hung]=d2 ,william "l1 #bjc1 #bag ,b\ghton-"u-,blean 7,k5t71 brass at1 #ha ,b\r*i] arms1 #ig2 knot1 #ahd-ahf1 #ahh2 wat]-b\gets1 #ahb ,b\r*i]1 ,h5ry1 e>l ( ,essex1 #ahh2 ,h5ry "l1 #aeh2 ,hugh "l1 see ,/af=d2 ,john "l1 #adc1 #aeh2 ,lewis "l1 see ,robs>t2 ,sir ,humphrey1 #ig1 #ahf2 ,?omas1 abp4 ( ,cant]bury1 #ahf ,b\tell1 ,rev4 ,c41 #aeg ,b[et1 ,h5ry1 abp4 ( ,york1 #cbh1 #cbi ,brabant1 arms (1 #aai ,brancepe? 7,durham71 effigies at1 #cjd ,br&on1 ,frances1 du*ess ( ,suffolk1 #aaj ,braose1 ,william de1 #aab ,bri/ol waits' coll>s1 #cac ,briti% ,museum1 #ec1 #bfa1 #bfb1 #cjd ,bromfleet1 ,sir ,?omas1 arms (1 #hb ,brooke1 ,george1 "l ,cobham1 #acc ,broom-cods1 coll> (1 #cji ,bro!rton1 see ,?omas ,bry51 arms (1 #beb ,bry51 ,guy "l1 #gc1 #gd1 #aif ,bu*1 ! ,captal de1 #ada ,buck+ham1 duke & e>l (1 see ,/af=d2 ,h5ry duke (1 #if1 #ih ,buck+ham1 e>ldom (1 arms (1 #if ,buck+ham ,palace1 memorial 9 front (1 #cd ,bull51 ,?omas1 e>l ( ,wilt%ire & ,ormond1 #bfg ,bures1 arms (1 #beb ,burgh1 ,john (1 #aad2 ,sir ,?omas1 /all-plate (1 #acf2 ,william (1 e>l ( ,ul/]1 #aag1 #aai ,burgh]%1 b>ony (1 #bjj2 ,sir ,b>?olomew1 #aih ,burl+ton ,h\se1 see ,london ,burnell1 ,hugh "l1 #ada1 #adi ,burnham ,?orpe 7,norfolk71 brass at1 #bif ,burton1 ,?omas1 bp4 ( ,exet]1 #cbb ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 ,/4 ,m>y's *ur* at1 #cjc ,cadhay 7,devon71 #cch ,caius1 doctor ,john1 #ccf ,calais1 arms (1 #bae2 seal ( mayoralty (1 #bad1 #bae ,cal?orpe1 ,sir ,william1 #bif ,cambridge1 arms ( regius pr(essors1 #bec2 rebus on "n1 #ahi ,cambridge1 ,*ri/'s college1 #agi1 #bhf1 #bhg1 #bhh2 ,k+'s college *apel1 #agj1 #aha1 #baj1 #bac1 #cca2 ,pembroke college1 #beb2 ,/4 ,john's college1 #aha1 #bhh1 #bhi ,camoys1 lady1 brass (1 #bif2 ,?omas "l1 #bfa1 #bfc2 arms (1 #bfd ,c&le-hold]1 h]aldic1 #ee ,cant]bury1 #fa1 #hd1 #aja1 #ajb1 #acb1 #acd1 #aff1 #afg1 #afh1 #ahf1 #bfj1 #bgj1 #bga1 #bij1 #bia1 #cjj1 #cjc1 #cce ,cant]bury1 ,*ri/*ur*1 #abj1 #cba ,cant]bury1 ,john abp4 (1 see ,morton2 ,?omas abp4 (1 see ,b\r*i]2 ,william abp4 (1 see ,c\rt5ay2 ,william ar*dn4 (1 see ,pak+ton ,cap ( e/ate1 !1 #aed ,c>lisle ,dormant book1 #cdg ,c>n>von1 ,edw>d (1 #aaa ,ca/ile1 arms (1 #hf1 #aaa2 ca/le (1 #aad2 k+dom (1 #aab ,ca/ile & ,leon1 ca/les & lions (1 #aad ,*amb]layne1 ,sir ,william1 #aeh ,*>les ,,iv1 ,emp]or1 #hi ,*auc]1 ,ge(frey1 arms (1 #dh ,*awor?1 arms (1 #aag ,*eck5don 7,oxon71 brass at1 #bef ,*ecky1 #dd2 numb] ( *eck]s1 #di ,*e/]1 arms (1 #ace2 %]iff's *a91 #cae ,*e/]1 ,edw>d e>l (1 see ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales ,*eval] au c+1 #aga ,*ev]on1 !1 #da1 #db ,*eyney1 ,sir ,john1 #cjf ,*ief1 !1 #da1 #db ,*ipp+ ,campd5 7,glos71 brass at1 #ij ,*ronological s]ies ( illu/rations1 #ced-djg ,c9que ,ports1 arms ( !1 #ace ,cl>e arms1 #aad1 #aae1 #aag1 #aii2 black bulls (1 #bjd1 #bjg2 label (1 #aja ,cl>e1 ,elizabe? de1 #aad2 ,gilb]t de1 e>l ( ,gl\ce/]1 #aad1 #aid ,cl>5ce1 duke (1 see ,lionel2 ,george duke (1 see ,george2 ,?omas duke (1 see ,?omas ,clehong] 7,h]ef71 #gf ,cl]k1 ,dan ,john1 #cbi ,clif=d1 ,rob]t de1 #aga ,clopton arms1 #de1 #df ,clun1 arms (1 #ajf ,cobham 7,k5t71 #acc1 #acd ,cobham1 ,george ,brooke1 "l1 #acc1 #acd2 ,raynald1 "l1 #ada ,cock]m\?1 ,h5ry ,p]cy1 "l (1 see ,p]cy ,col*e/]1 arms (1 #ej ,college ( ,arms1 see ,h]alds' ,college ,colley1 ,?omas de1 #cbe ,con/ance1 brass at1 #bfc1 #bfe ,con/ance ( ,ca/ile1 #aaa ,corfe ca/le1 ,dorset1 #fi ,cornwall1 e>l (1 see ,ri*>d2 ,edmund e>l (1 #aid2 ,edw>d duke (1 see ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales ,coronets1 introduction & hi/ory (1 #bga-bhe ,cos9 arms1 #cec ,cos91 ,john1 bp4 ( ,durham1 #ceb1 #cec ,cotes1 arms (1 #cdc ,cotises1 #de ,c\nt]-col\r$1 #dh ,c\rt5ay dolph91 #ahb ,c\rt5ay1 ,hugh1 e>l ( ,devon1 #aaf2 ,pet]1 bp4 ( ,exet]1 #age1 #agg2 ,sir ,pet]1 #bbi2 ,william1 abp4 ( ,cant]bury1 #afb ,cov5try cross1 #bdb ,c[dray ,h\se1 ,sussex1 #bci1 #cca ,cre/s1 orig9 & treatm5t (1 #abc2 use (1 by bi%ops1 #afa-afc ,cromwell lion1 #cdg ,cromwell1 ,ralph "l1 #eg ,cross1 !1 #dj2 v>ieties (1 #di1 #ej ,crosslets1 #ea ,cr[ns1 h]aldic1 #adh-aec ,crusily1 #ea ,cyprus gold1 #cbg1 #cbh ,d',ab]n\n1 ,sir ,john1 #bce ,dabri*ec\rt1 ,sir ,san*et1 #adj1 #adc ,dalton1 ,laur5ce1 ,norroy1 #ccf ,d',amory1 ,rog] "l1 #aad ,daunce1 !1 #de ,david1 ,k+ ( ,scotl&1 #cbe ,d5n+ton 7,suffolk71 #fj1 #big ,d]by1 ,h5ry e>l (1 see ,h5ry2 ,?omas e>l (1 see ,/anley ,desp5s] arms1 #fc1 #hh ,desp5s]1 ,h5ry le1 bp4 ( ,norwi*1 #afa1 #afb2 ,ri*>d "l1 see ,beau*amp2 ,?omas "l1 #aii ,devon1 ,hugh e>l (1 see ,c\rt5ay ,deynelay1 ,rob]t1 #abi ,diap]+1 #aje-ajh ,diff]5c+ ( arms1 #ih-ajc ,dimidiation1 #bea ,dork+1 ,rev4 ,e4 ,e41 rebus (1 #aib ,dorset 7c\nty (71 #ei ,dov] 7,k5t71 arms (1 #ace ,dreux arms1 #aai ,dubl91 ,ri*>d m>quess (1 see ,ox=d ,durham1 arms ( bi%opric (1 #cec2 bi%ops (1 #afc ,durham1 ,cu?b]t bp4 (1 see ,tun/all2 ,john bp4 (1 see ,cos91 ,=dham2 ,rob]t bp4 (1 see ,nevill2 ,?omas bp4 (1 see ,hatfield1 ,langley2 ,walt] bp4 (1 see ,skirlaw ,ea/on1 ,little 7,essex71 #ahh ,edmund e>l ( ,k5t1 #ii2 e>l ( ,lanca/]1 #ajj ,edmund ( ,langley duke ( ,york1 #id1 #aja1 #aej1 #aee1 #afg1 #aii1 #bjf1 #bbi ,edmund1 sa9t1 arms (1 #aej ,edw>d ,i1 ,k+1 #hf1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aja1 #aac1 #aad1 #bcg ,edw>d ,,ii1 ,k+1 #dg1 #hf1 #ii1 #aae1 #bia1 #bic ,edw>d ,,iii1 ,k+1 #fa1 #hh1 #ib1 #aja1 #abe1 #aed1 #aee1 #bad1 #bae1 #bfc1 #bgb1 #cbc1 #cbd1 #cbe1 #cbf ,edw>d ,,iv1 ,k+1 #ge1 #afh1 #aij1 #bjh1 #bab1 #bbb1 #bbe1 #bia1 #cjd1 #ccd ,edw>d ,v1 ,k+1 #bjj ,edw>d ,,vi1 ,k+1 #bgb1 #cce ,edw>d pr9ce ( ,wales1 #fa1 #hd1 #ii1 #aja1 #ajb1 #acb1 #acd1 #aee1 #aff1 #afg1 #bfj1 #bfa1 #bfb1 #bga ,edw>d1 sa9t1 arms (1 #cg1 #ej1 #hi1 #id1 #cbc ,eleanor1 daught] ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,i1 #aac ,eleanor ( ,ca/ile1 ,que51 #ga1 #hf1 #ia1 #aac1 #aad1 #agj1 #bgj1 #cbc ,elizabe?1 ,que51 #bbd1 #bbe1 #ccf ,elsefield1 ,elizabe?1 #aah2 ,sir ,gilb]t1 #aah ,els+ 7,norf71 brass at1 #ajj1 #aeg ,el?am1 ,john (1 see ,john ,embroid]ies1 h]aldic1 #cai-ccj ,engayn1 ,john1 #abg ,engl&1 #ei1 #bdh1 #bdi1 #cce2 arms (1 #hh1 #hi1 #ii1 #aaa1 #aac1 #aae1 #cej2 leop>ds (1 #bag1 #bbf1 #cdf2 lion support] (1 #bjf ,engl&1 ,k+ (1 #gi1 #cbb1 #cbc2 support]s (1 #bjf ,engrail+1 #dd ,erd+ton family1 knight (1 #cje1 #cab ,erm9e1 #ci1 #beh ,erp+ham1 ,sir ,?omas1 #add ,essex1 e>l (1 see ,/af=d ,humphrey2 ,h5ry e>l (1 see ,b\r*i]2 ,humphrey e>l (1 see ,bohun ,essex1 e>ldom (1 arms (1 #aic ,e/1 ,rob]t1 #cbi ,e/urmy1 ,h5ry1 see ,/urmy ,et*+ham *ur* 7,sussex71 #bci1 #bdj ,et*+ham1 ,sir ,william1 #bci ,eton ,college arms1 #dg ,ewelme 7,oxon71 effigy at1 #bhc1 #bhd ,exet]1 bi%op's palace at1 #age1 #agg2 brass at1 #ahe2 %]iff's *a91 #cab2 waits' coll>s1 #cac1 #cad ,exet]1 du*ess (1 #bhc2 ,edw>d bp4 (1 see ,/af=d2 ,pet] bi%op (1 #cba2 ,pet] bp4 (1 see ,c\rt5ay2 ,?omas bp4 (1 see ,burton2 ,?omas duke (1 see ,hol&2 ,?omas duke (1 see ,?omas ,fairfax lions & goats1 #cci ,fairfax1 ,sir ,william1 #cch ,fal/aff1 ,sir ,john1 #bjc ,f>nham1 ,sir ,rob]t1 arms (1 #dh ,fauconb]g1 ,william "l1 #bbi ,fawsley ,h\se 7,nor?ants71 #cdc ,felbrigge 7,norf71 brass at1 #gh1 #hi ,felbrigge1 ,sir ,simon1 #aeh1 #afj ,f]-de-mol9e1 #dg1 #ej ,f]r]s1 ,?omas e>l1 see ,?omas2 ,william de1 #aig ,fesse1 !1 #dj ,fett]lock-&-falcon badge1 #afh1 #afi ,fir$ogs1 h]aldic1 #ef ,fitz,alan1 ,alice1 #bgc1 #bgd2 ,brian1 arms1 #gc2 ,edmund1 e>l ( ,arundel1 #aah2 ,joan1 #aif1 #bgc1 #bgd2 ,ri*>d1 e>l ( ,arundel1 #aae1 #bgc1 #bge2 ,william1 e>l ( ,arundel1 #bgi ,fitz,alan1 arms1 #aaf1 #aag2 oak-leaf badge1 #cje ,fitz,gerald1 ,emmel9e1 #bag ,fitz,hamon1 ,rob]t1 arms (1 #fc ,fitz,hugh1 ,h5ry "l1 #bbi ,fitz,hugh & ,m>mion1 ,william "l1 #bae ,fitz,john1 ,john1 #aad ,fitz,pain1 ,rob]t1 #aab ,fitz,walter arms1 #de ,fitz,walter1 ,walt] "l1 #abi ,fitz,warin seal1 #aif ,fitz,waryn1 ,sir ,william1 #ada ,flan*es1 #db ,foljambe arms1 #aai ,foljambe1 ,rog]1 #aah ,=dham1 ,john1 bp4 ( ,durham1 #afc ,=/]1 ,sir ,george1 #cjf ,=z1 ,william (1 e>l ( ,albem>le1 #abj ,fo!r+ay *ur* 7,nor?ants71 #bci ,france & ,norm&y1 ,ri*>d1 gov]nor (1 see ,ri*>d ,france1 arms (1 #hh1 #aae1 #aai1 #abj1 #bbd1 #cbb1 #cbc1 #cbd2 label (1 #ajj ,france1 ,john1 m>%al (1 see ,talbot2 ,john1 reg5t (1 see ,john ,france1 ,k+ (1 #hj1 #he1 #aed ,france1 ,old1 arms (1 #hi ,france1 ,philip ,k+ (1 #cbb ,franks1 ,sir ,a4 ,w41 #cdb ,furnival1 ,?omas1 #aab ,g>t]1 coll> ( !1 #bha1 #bic1 #bie2 mantle ( !1 #bhj1 #bha2 ,ord] ( !1 #bec1 #bfj1 #bfa ,g>t]1 ,knights ( !1 bann]s (1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbh2 /all-plates (1 #fb1 #gj1 #aab1 #acj1 #ach1 #aea1 #bbi1 #bei ,g>t]1 !1 #bfj-bfg ,gaunt1 see ,john ( ,gemell-b>s1 #de ,george duke ( ,cl>5ce & "l ( ,ri*mond1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bjg1 #bbi ,george1 sa9t1 arms or cross (1 #di1 #bbf1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bdh1 #bdi1 #bfg1 #cdf1 #cdg ,gill+ ca/le 7,yorks71 #cch1 #cdj ,glamorgan1 lord%ip (1 #bjj ,glass1 h]aldic1 #ed ,gla/onbury1 ,george inn at1 #gd1 #ge ,gl\ce/]1 city (1 #bih2 arms1 #cce2 effigy at1 #bic ,gl\ce/]1 duke (1 see ,?omas2 ,gilb]t e>l (1 see ,cl>e2 ,ri*>d duke (1 #ei ,gobony1 #hc ,goldsmi?s' ,company1 arms1 #gb ,goldwell1 ,james1 bp4 ( ,norwi*1 #afb1 #aia ,gonvile arms1 #de ,got*1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,a41 #cdf ,g[]1 ,john1 #bih ,grap5ell1 ,h4 de1 #aad2 ,p>nel1 #aad ,graunson1 ,ka?>9e1 #aag2 ,m>g>et1 #aif ,grevel1 ,william1 brass (1 #ij ,grey1 lady ,jane1 #bhe ,grey ( ,codnor1 ,ri*>d "l1 #aea1 #aec1 #ahb1 #ahc ,grey ( ,ru?91 ,sir ,john1 #bbi1 #bcb ,groos1 ,oliv]1 #cja ,gui5ne1 du*y (1 #aee ,guild=d 7,surrey7 mayor's *a9 & m$al1 #cae ,gulde=d1 ,ea/ 7,sussex71 #cch1 #cci ,gulde=d1 ,sir ,john1 #cch1 #cci ,gun?orpe1 dean1 #gd1 #aij1 #aib ,gyronny1 #da ,ha9ault1 arms (1 #cbc2 h\se (1 #aff ,hales1 ,sir ,/eph51 #abi ,hallam1 ,rob]t1 bp4 ( ,salisbury1 #bfc1 #bfe ,halle1 ,pet]1 brass (1 #ic ,halv+ ( arms1 #bea ,hamlake1 see ,roos ,hampton ,c\rt1 #cca2 h]aldry at1 #bdc-bdh ,h>c\rt1 ,sir ,rob]t1 #cje ,h>ewell1 bi%op1 effigy (1 #aib ,h>sick brass at ,s\?acre1 #aeh1 #aei ,ha/+s arms1 #aag ,ha/+s1 ,john1 e>l ( ,pembroke1 #bge2 ,john "l1 #aag2 ,sir ,hugh1 arms1 brass1 & cre/ (1 #ajj1 #aeg2 ,sir ,ralph #agd1 #cbh2 ,william "l1 #adj1 #bjd ,hatfield1 ,?omas1 bp4 ( ,durham1 #afc ,hatfield ,broadoak 7,essex71 effigy at1 #ajd1 #ajf ,he>ne1 ,t41 #bdb ,helmsley1 see ,roos ,h5grave ,hall 7,suffolk71 #cca ,h5ry ,,iii1 ,k+1 #cf1 #ii1 #agj1 #bia1 #bib ,h5ry ,,iv1 ,k+1 #ib1 #afh1 #agb1 #bjj1 #bgj1 #bij1 #bia1 #big1 #bih1 #bii1 #cjj ,h5ry ,v1 ,k+1 #cjb1 #cji ,h5ry ,,vi1 ,k+1 #dg1 #bfd1 #bgb1 #cji1 #ccd ,h5ry ,,vii1 ,k+1 #ee1 #aed1 #afi1 #aha1 #baj1 #bac1 #bff1 #bhh1 #bid1 #cjf ,h5ry ,,viii1 ,k+1 #gb1 #baa1 #bde-bdh1 #bia1 #cjh1 #cca-cce ,h5ry duke ( ,lanca/] & e>l ( ,d]by1 #ia1 #abh1 #afg1 #bjj1 #big1 #bih1 #bii1 #cjj1 #cji ,h5ry e>l ( ,lanca/]1 #aag ,h]aldic bea/s z f9ials & vane hold]s1 #bch-bci1 #bda-bdh ,h]aldic col\rs1 #cg1 #ch2 furs1 #ci ,h]aldry1 def9ition (1 #ce ,h]alds' ,college1 #bcc1 #bce1 #ccd1 #ccf1 #cda ,h]e=d1 arms (1 e>ldom (1 #bad1 #cbg ,h]e=d1 duke (1 #ib2 e>l (1 see ,/af=d1 ,humphrey2 ,h5ry duke (1 see ,h5ry2 ,humphrey e>l (1 see ,bohun2 ,john e>l (1 see ,bohun ,h]ne 7,k5t71 brass at1 #ic ,hesl]ton1 ,alice1 #aah2 ,?omas (1 #aah ,hesl]ton arms1 #aah ,hev] 7,k5t71 brass at1 #bfg ,hexham1 regality (1 seal (1 #aje ,heytesbury1 bann] (1 #baf ,hol&1 ,joan1 #bjf2 ,?omas1 duke ( ,exet]1 #bhb2 ,?omas1 e>l ( ,k5t1 #afh1 #bjf1 #bad1 #bgd2 ,?omas de1 #abi ,hol&1 lord%ip (1 #bac ,hol& & ,wake1 ,?omas "l1 #baa ,holbea* 7,l9cs71 effigy at1 #beg ,holbe91 ! pa9t]1 #bie1 #cjf1 #cjg ,holl> 7,w5ceslaus71 #bdb ,holyngbroke1 ,william1 arms (1 #hg ,hope rebus1 #aib ,h[>d1 ,?omas1 duke ( ,norfolk1 #bie1 #cbi ,humphrey duke ( ,gl\ce/] & e>l ( ,buck+ham1 #if1 #afd1 #bha ,hung]=d & ,botreaux1 ,m>g>et lady (1 #bag1 #bbb1 #bci ,hung]=d1 ,rob]t "l1 #fj1 #cjc2 ,sir ,rob]t1 #bag2 ,walt] "l1 #add1 #baf1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbi1 #bcj ,hung]=d sickle1 #ahb1 #baf ,hussey arms1 #aaf1 #add2 bann] (1 #baf ,hu?1 ,mr4 ,edw>d1 #cjg ,i* di5e1 ! motto1 #aff ,illu/rations1 ,*ronological s]ies (1 #ced-djg ,impalem5t ( arms1 #beb ,ind5t+1 #de ,irel&1 #bdi2 h>p (1 #bbf1 #cdg ,isabel1 si/] ( ,ri*>d duke ( ,york1 #ahh ,isabel1 ,que51 #aae1 #cbd ,islip1 ,john1 abbot ( ,we/m9/]1 rebus (1 #ahi1 #aia ,james ,i1 ,k+1 #bhc ,jane ! fool1 #bdh ,jasp] duke ( ,b$=d1 #afd ,j]usalem1 ,k+dom (1 arms (1 #ea ,joan1 c\ntess ( ,arundel1 #bgi1 #bhj1 #cjd ,joan1 dau4 ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,i1 #aad ,joan pr9cess ( ,wales1 #agd1 #cbf ,joan1 ,que51 #bii1 #cjc2 effigy (1 #bgj1 #bga ,john duke ( ,b$=d & reg5t ( ,france1 #bae1 #bbi ,john ( ,el?am1 ! "l1 #ii1 #cbc ,john ( ,gaunt duke ( ,lanca/]1 #aja1 #aaa1 #aee1 #aff1 #afg1 #agd1 #aii1 #bgb1 #cbd1 #cbh ,john1 sa9t1 eagle (1 #cec ,john1 ,sa9t1 ,john "l1 #bge ,ka?>9e1 sa9t1 hospital (1 #bhb1 #bhc ,k5dal1 ,john e>l (1 see ,beau=t ,k5s+ton1 ,s\?1 #aai ,k5t1 e>l (1 see ,edmund2 ,?omas e>l (1 see ,hol& ,keys1 ,rog]1 & ,?omas1 arms (1 #dg1 #dh ,kidd]m9/] 7,worcs71 brass at1 #hh ,k+'s ,langley 7,h]ts71 #aej ,k+'s ,lynn waits' coll>s1 #cac1 #cad ,k+/on-on-,hull1 mayor's & mayoress's *a9s1 #cae ,kirby ,hall 7,nor?ants71 #cch ,kirkham priory 7,yorks71 h]aldry on gateh\se1 #ch ,kirkton1 ,rob]t1 abbot ( ,pet]bor\gh1 #agh2 rebus (1 #ahh1 #aia ,knightley family1 #cdc ,knots z badges1 #ahd ,label1 !1 #ii ,laci1 ,h5ry de1 arms (1 #dd2 ,h5ry de1 e>l ( ,l9coln1 #abd1 #aid ,lacy arms1 #aai ,ladies1 arms (1 #aji ,lanca/]1 ,avel9e c\ntess (1 #abj2 ,h5ry (1 "l ( ,monm\?1 #abe1 #abf1 #abg1 #aid2 ,?omas e>l (1 see ,?omas ,lanca/]1 duke (1 see ,john ( ,gaunt ,lanca/]1 e>l (1 see ,edmund ,lanca/]1 ,h\se (1 #bif ,langeton1 canon ,william1 #ahe ,langley1 see ,edmund ( ,langley1 ,?omas1 bp4 ( ,durham1 #afc ,latim]1 ,william "l1 #ada1 #cbh ,lav5ham *ur* 7,suffolk71 #age ,lav5ham1 ,william (1 #bgc ,law1 ,erne/1 #bdd ,legg1 ,l4 ,g4 ,wickham1 #aee ,leice/]1 ,?omas e>l (1 see ,?omas ,l5nox1 ,m>g>et c\ntess (1 tomb (1 #cda1 #cdc1 #cdd ,leon1 arms (1 #hf1 #aaa2 lion (1 #aad ,leyb\rne arms1 #aag1 #abj1 #abe1 #cbb ,leyb\rne1 ,juliana1 #aag2 ,rog]1 #abd1 #baa2 ,?omas1 #aag ,l9coln1 ,h5ry e>l (1 see ,laci2 ,h5ry de ,laci e>l (1 #dd2 ,john bp4 (1 see ,ald]by ,l9coln m9/]1 h]aldry 91 #ed ,lionel duke ( ,cl>5ce1 #aja1 #bgb ,lisle effigy at ,?ruxton1 #cjh ,little ,device1 !1 #aed ,littlebury1 ,sir ,humphrey1 effigy (1 #beg ,london1 #bii2 arms (1 #ccg2 bann] ( ! "l mayor (1 #bai1 #bbf1 #bbh2 coll> ( ,,ss ( "l mayor1 #cjh1 #cae2 %]iff's *a9s1 #cae2 waits' coll>s1 #cac ,london1 ,burl+ton ,h\se1 #bcc2 ,mansion ,h\se1 #bai1 #bbf2 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y1 #baa2 ,nelson ,column 91 #bij2 ,/4 ,paul's ca!dral *ur*1 #ajh1 #bbh1 #cbc2 ,templ>s' *ur* 91 #aje2 ,tr9ity ,h\se1 arms1 #cdi1 #cej ,longespee1 ,emmel9e1 #bag2 ,/eph51 #aid1 #bag ,longespee lions1 #bjj2 longswords1 #ahb1 #bag ,long ,mel=d 7,suffolk71 #df ,"l1 ,our1 arms (1 #di ,lova9 arms1 #ig ,lovel badge1 #ahd ,lovel1 ,francis visc\nt1 #adg2 ,john "l1 #cjd2 ,ka?>9e1 #cba ,lovel & ,hol&1 ,william "l1 #bjj ,l[ick *ur* 7,nor?ants71 #ahg1 #ahh ,loz5ges ( arms1 use (1 #aaj ,loz5gy1 #dd ,lucy arms1 #bah2 pike1 #ahb ,lull+/one 7,k5t71 #aia1 #aib ,lupton1 ,rob]t1 provo/ ( ,eton1 rebus (1 #aia ,lyh>t1 ,walt]1 bp4 ( ,norwi*1 #aia ,lyte1 ,john1 arms (1 #ccd ,macclesfield1 ,?omas1 s5es*al (1 #ahc ,magnavilla1 ,ge(frey de1 #aje ,man1 ,isle (1 #ahc ,mann]s effigy at ,w9dsor1 #cjf ,mansion ,h\se1 see ,london ,mantl+s1 #aci-adg ,mapp]ton manor-h\se 7,dorset71 #bch1 #bdc ,m>*1 e>ls (1 #afh2 ,edmund e>l (1 see ,mortim]2 ,ri*>d e>l (1 see ,ri*>d2 ,rog] e>l (1 see ,mortim] ,m>*1 :ite lion (1 #bjf1 #bjh1 #bji1 #cjd1 #cbf ,m>g>et1 sa9t1 #cac ,m>k5field1 ,sir ,?omas1 #cji1 #caj ,m>mion1 ,william "l1 see ,fitz,hugh ,m>ni1 ,sir ,rob]t de1 #abi1 #acj1 #aih ,m>tel family1 #ahi ,m>t5 *ur* 7,wilts71 tile f1 #ccd ,m>y ,i1 ,que51 #cac1 #ccf ,m>y1 ,que51 bann] (1 #bbh ,masons' ,company1 #acd ,maud ( ,lanca/]1 #aag1 #aai ,mauley arms1 #abh ,mauley1 ,pet] de1 ,,iv1 seal (1 #hb2 ,pet] de1 ,,vi1 #abh1 #aih ,mayors' coll>s or *a9s1 #cac ,mi*ael1 ,/41 & ,/4 ,george1 ,ord] (1 #ajh1 #bbh ,mild5hall 7,suffolk71 brass =m]ly at1 #cja ,monm\?1 ,h5ry "l (1 see ,lanca/] ,montagu griff91 #bje ,montagu1 ,john "l1 see ,nevill2 ,simon "l (1 #fi1 #hf2 ,sybil1 #aag2 ,william1 e>l ( ,salisbury1 #aag1 #abe1 #abg1 #aeb1 #aie ,m1 ,sir ,?omas1 #cjf1 #cjg1 #cab ,mortim] arms1 #agd1 #cjb1 #cbf ,mortim]1 ,edmund1 e>l ( ,m>* & ,ul/]1 #agd1 #aig1 #bja1 #bgd1 #cjb1 #cbe2 ,philippa1 #bgd2 ,rog]1 e>l ( ,m>* & ,ul/]1 #aii ,morton1 ,john1 abp4 ( ,cant]bury1 #afd2 ,?omas1 canon ( ,york1 #cbh ,m\lton1 ,?omas de1 #abd ,m\n1 ,john de1 #aie ,m\nci1 ,walt] de1 #abh ,mugg9ton 7,d]bys71 brass at1 #cjd ,multon1 ,elizabe? de1 #aag ,nanfant1 ,sir ,ri*>d1 #bcc ,nelson ,column 9 ,london1 #bij ,nevill1 ,alex&]1 abp4 ( ,york1 #afb2 ,cecily1 #bjh1 #bab2 ,john "l1 #bgg2 ,john1 "l ,montagu1 #bjc2 ,john1 "l ( ,raby1 #aii2 ,m>g]y1 wife ( ,john "l1 #bgg2 ,ralph1 e>l ( ,we/morl&1 #bgh2 ,ri*>d1 e>l ( ,salisbury & ,w>wick1 #ic1 #acg1 #ach1 #afj1 #bjj1 #bje1 #bbi1 #bca2 ,rob]t1 bp4 ( ,durham1 #afc1 #afd2 ,sir ,william1 #aii ,nevill1 effigies at ,brancepe?1 #cjd2 family1 #ajc ,newburgh1 arms (1 #ig ,newca/le %]iff's *a91 #cae ,new ,hall 7,essex71 #baj1 #bia1 #ccb1 #ccc ,nicolas1 ,sir ,n4 ,h41 #bgc ,norfolk1 ,?omas duke (1 see ,h[>d ,norm&y1 du*y (1 #aed1 #aee ,nor?ampton1 e>l (1 see ,/af=d1 ,humphrey ,nor?umb]l&1 duke (1 #caa1 #cab2 e>l (1 #caa2 ,h5ry e>l (1 see ,p]cy ,nor?wood arms1 #abj1 #cbb ,norwi* arms1 #gb2 mayor's *a91 #cae2 %]iff's *a91 #cae2 waits' coll>s1 #cac1 #cad ,norwi* ca!dral *ur*1 #aib1 #bfc1 #cjf ,norwi* ,guildhall1 doorway 91 #ga1 #gb ,norwi*1 ,h5ry bi%op (1 see ,desp5s]2 ,james bp4 (1 see ,goldwell2 ,walt] bp4 (1 see ,lyh>t2 ,william bp4 (1 #bfd ,ockwells 7,b]ks71 h]aldic glass at1 #baa ,oldhalle1 ,sir ,william1 #ahb ,ord9>ies1 !1 =mation (1 #dj1 #da ,orle1 !1 #db ,ormond1 ,?omas e>l (1 see ,bull5 ,o/revant1 ,comt (1 #aff ,o/ri*-fea!rs badge1 #aff ,ox5bridge1 ,john1 rebus (1 #aib ,ox=d1 rebus on "n1 #ahi ,ox=d1 ,all ,s\ls' college1 #fa2 ,magdal5 college1 #aab2 ,que5's college1 seal (1 #hj ,ox=d1 ,john e>l (1 see ,v]e2 ,ri*>d e>l (1 & m>quess ( ,dubl91 #bgb2 ,rob]t e>l (1 see ,v]e ,pak+ton1 ,william1 ar*dn4 ( ,cant]bury1 #cbf ,pale1 !1 #dj ,paly1 #dc2 numb] ( pales1 #di ,p>k-pal+s1 coll> (1 #cji1 #caj ,p>ty1 #dj2 ,p>ty-b5dwise1 #dj2 ,p>ty-fessewise1 #dj2 ,p>ty-saltirewise1 #da ,passion1 in/rum5ts ( !1 #di ,patrick1 sa9t1 #bdi2 cross or saltire (1 #bbe ,paul1 sa9t1 sword (1 #bbf ,pavely1 ,sir ,walt]1 #ada ,paynel1 ,william1 #aac ,pe*e1 ,sir ,john1 #abe2 rebus (1 #aia1 #aib ,pecksall1 ,sir ,ralph1 #cda1 #cdc1 #cde ,pelham1 ,sir ,john1 badge (1 #bjj ,pembridge1 effigy ( a1 #gf ,pembroke1 e>l (1 #cbc2 see also ,val5ce ,pembroke1 ,john e>l (1 see ,ha/+s ,p5nons1 #bce-bcg ,p]*e1 e>l (1 see ,/af=d1 ,humphrey ,p]cy arms1 #ej2 badge1 #cab2 cresc5t badge1 #ahd1 #bah1 #bcf2 lion1 etc41 #bah ,p]cy1 ,h5ry1 #gg1 #bci2 ,h5ry1 e>l ( ,nor?umb]l& & "l ( ,cock]m\?1 #bah1 #bch1 #bci2 ! lady ,eleanor1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #ajh ,pet]1 bi%op ( ,exet]1 #cba ,pet]1 sa9t1 arms (1 #cbc1 #cbh1 #cbi ,pet]bor\gh 7,nor?ants71 dean]y gateway at1 #agh1 #aha1 #ahh1 #aia ,phelip eagle1 #dh1 #ahb ,phelip1 ,william1 "l ,b>dolf1 #fj1 #ahb1 #big ,philip1 ,k+ ( ,france1 #cbb ,philippa1 ,que51 #aff1 #afg1 #cbc ,pile1 !1 #db2 ,pily1 #dc ,pol1 ,seynt1 ,m>y de1 #aae1 #aaf1 #bea ,pole1 de la1 arms1 #cce2 badges1 #ahb ,pole1 de la1 ,john1 duke ( ,suffolk1 #bhc2 ,mi*ael1 e>l ( ,suffolk1 #age1 #agf1 #bge2 ,william1 e>l ( ,suffolk1 #ada1 #bjb ,pon?ieu1 arms (1 #ga ,poynyngs1 arms (1 #abj1 #cbb ,qu>t]1 !1 #da1 #db ,qu>t]+1 #hf ,qu>t]ly1 #da ,raby1 ,john "l (1 see ,nevill ,ramryge1 abbot ,?omas1 #gc ,rebus1 !1 #ahi-aib ,r$v]s arms1 #abj ,reg5t's ,p>k1 #bhb1 #bhc ,ri*>d ,i1 ,k+1 #abd ,ri*>d ,,ii1 ,k+1 #hi1 #afh1 #agb1 #agc1 #agd1 #bgb1 #cji1 #cbf ,ri*>d ,,iii1 ,k+1 #afh1 #cjd1 #cce ,ri*>d duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 seal (1 #ei ,ri*>d duke ( ,york & e>l ( ,m>*1 #afg1 #ahh1 #bjf1 #bjh1 #bab1 #bah1 #bci ,ri*>d e>l ( ,cornwall1 arms (1 #ff ,ri*mond1 ,george1 "l (1 see ,george2 ,m>g>et c\ntess (1 see ,beau=t ,ri*mond1 label (1 #aja ,ripon 7,yorks71 #cji1 #caj ,riv]s1 ,ri*>d "l1 see ,wydvile ,robs>t1 ,lewis1 "l ,b\r*i]1 #aeg1 #aha1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bci ,ro*e/] 7,k5t71 #bai ,roll1 ! ,great1 #dg1 #dh1 #ej1 #fb1 #hf ,rolls ( arms1 #fb ,romans1 ,ri*>d1 ,k+ ( !1 #aid ,romney1 ,new 7,k5t71 brass at1 #hg ,roos1 ,?omas "l1 ( ,hamlake1 #bjj ,ro?well 7,nor?ants71 #cch ,r\ndels ( arms1 use (1 #aaa ,royal ,society1 #bcc ,salisbury ca!dral *ur*1 #fj1 #hg1 #cjc1 #cjf ,salisbury1 e>l (1 see ,nevill1 ,ri*>d2 ,william e>l (1 see ,montagu ,salisbury1 ,rob]t1 bp4 (1 see ,hallam ,salkeld 7,cumb71 effigies at1 #cjf ,salkeld family1 effigies1 #cjf1 #cab ,saltire1 !1 #dj1 #da ,sav]nake ,=e/1 "l (1 see ,/urmy2 t5ure horn (1 #aaf ,scales family1 #ahi ,scales1 ,sir ,rog]1 #aih ,sc>cliffe 7,d]bys71 effigy at1 #bge1 #bgf ,scotl&1 #he1 #bdh2 arms (1 #cd1 #he1 #cej2 lion (1 #bbf1 #cdf2 tressure (1 #he2 unicorn support] (1 #bjf ,scotl&1 ,k+ (1 #cba1 #cbc ,scrope crab or scrap1 #ahb ,scrope1 ,john "l1 #aeh1 #age2 ,dan ,ri*>d1 #cbi ,scut*eon1 !1 #db ,seals1 h]aldic1 #eb ,seld5's ,titles ( ,hon\r1 #bgc ,settr+ton 7,yorks71 #bii ,%effield1 ,/4 ,pet]'s *ur*1 effigies 91 #bhj1 #bha ,%5e ,*>t]h\se1 prior (1 #cjb ,%ield1 divisions ( !1 #dj1 #da2 !1 & its treatm5t1 #fe ,%orne1 ,mai/] ,john1 #bdb ,%rewsbury1 ,george e>l (1 #bhj2 ,john e>l (1 see ,talbot ,simon ! engrav]1 #cdg ,skirlaw1 ,walt]1 bp4 ( ,durham1 #afc ,sloley *ur* 7,norf71 tomb 91 #cja ,som]s1 ,w1 #bdh ,som]set 7c\nty (71 #ei ,som]set eagle1 #bjf1 #bji ,som]set1 ,edmund duke (1 see ,beau=t2 ,john duke (1 see ,beau=t ,s\*e1 ,alan la1 #aid1 #aif ,s\?acre 7,norf71 brass at1 #aei ,s\?ampton1 arms (1 #dh1 #hf2 /ew>d (1 #cjb ,s\?w>k ca!dral *ur*1 #afd1 #bih ,s\v]eyne1 ,sov]ayne1 or ,sov]a91 ! ^w1 #afg1 #bjj1 #bih1 #cjj ,sov]eign1 !1 #he1 #aee ,spa91 arms (1 #cbc ,spilsby 7,l9cs71 brass at1 #bee ,,ss1 coll> (1 #bif-cjd ,/af=d arms1 #if ,/af=d1 e>l (1 see ,/af=d1 ,humphrey ,/af=d1 ,edw>d1 bp4 ( ,exet]1 #ahe2 ,edw>d1 e>l ( ,wilt%ire1 #ahg1 #ahh2 ,hugh1 e>l (1 #bge2 ,hugh1 "l ,b\r*i]1 #add1 #aea1 #aeb2 ,humphrey1 duke ( ,buck+ham1 #ic1 #id1 #ie1 #if1 #ace2 ,joan1 c\ntess ( ,k5t & lady ( ,wake1 #ahh2 ,ka?>9e1 #age1 #agf1 #bge2 ,sir ,h5ry1 #bcd1 #cch ,/af=d knot1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahh1 #cch ,/a9drop 7,durham71 #bgf1 #bgh1 #bhb ,/&>d1 ! ,royal1 #bbj1 #bbg ,/&>ds1 #bcd-bce ,/an=d ,d+ley 7,b]ks71 brass at1 #hc ,/anley1 ,?omas "l1 #aeh1 #ahc1 #bbi ,/anton ,h>c\rt 7,oxon71 #bda1 #cje ,/apleton1 ,sir ,miles1 #add ,/apleton talbot1 #cci ,/ate's arms1 #cdg1 #cdh1 #cej ,/oke d',ab]n\n 7,surrey71 #bce ,/oke ,poges 7,bucks71 brass at1 #gj ,/o?>d's ,monum5tal ,effigies1 #bfi1 #bgf ,/[e1 ,william1 ! eld]1 #caj ,/urmy1 ,h5ry1 #aaf ,suffolk1 ,alice du*ess (1 #bhc1 #bhd2 du*ess (1 see ,br&on2 ,elizabe? du*ess (1 #bhc2 ,john duke (1 see ,pole2 ,mi*ael e>l (1 see ,pole2 ,william duke (1 #bhc2 ,william e>l (1 see ,pole ,suns-&-roses1 coll> (1 #cjd1 #cje ,support]s1 orig9 & uses (1 #aic-bah ,surrey1 ,john e>l (1 see ,w>5ne ,swynburne family1 #ahi ,syon cope1 #aai1 #abj1 #aba ,talbot1 ,john1 e>l ( ,%rewsbury1 #if1 #ig1 #afa1 #bad1 #bbi1 #bha ,talbot & ,furnival1 ,john "l1 #bjc1 #bje ,tall[-,*&l]s' ,company1 #acd ,tank]ville1 ,john e>l (1 #aeh ,tatt]%all ca/le 7,l9cs71 h]aldic *imney-piece 91 #eg ,tew1 ,great 7,oxon71 brass at1 #gi ,tewkesbury abbey *ur*1 #eh1 #fc1 #gc1 #gd ,?i/le1 coll> ( !1 #bic ,tildesley1 ,*ri/oph]1 #bii1 #cjj ,tillzolf arms1 #cbf ,tipt(t1 ,john "l1 #bbi ,?omas duke ( ,cl>5ce1 #cjb ,?omas duke ( ,exet]1 #bjj ,?omas 7,beau=t7 duke ( ,exet]1 #bcj ,?omas e>l ( ,lanca/]1 ,leice/] & ,f]r]s1 #abe1 #abf1 #aid ,?omas ( ,bro!rton1 #ajj ,?omas ( ,wood/ock duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 #ii1 #aee1 #aff1 #afg1 #agb1 #ahb1 #bac1 #cbc1 #cbf1 #cbg ,?omas1 sa9t1 ( ,cant]bury1 #cce ,?ruxton 7,hants71 effigy at1 #cjh ,tong 7,salop71 #cjf ,toni1 ,rob]t de1 #aga ,torregiano1 #bff ,trau1 ! ,s\dan de la1 #add ,tre%am1 ,sir ,?omas1 #cch ,tre%am trefoils1 #cch ,tressure1 !1 #he ,trevor family arms1 #cea ,tr9ity1 ! ,holy1 #bfa1 #cjf ,tr9ity ,h\se1 ,london1 arms1 #cdi1 #cej ,trotton 7,sussex71 #bfa1 #bfc1 #bif ,trump+ton family1 #ahi ,tun/all1 ,cu?b]t1 bp4 ( ,durham1 #afc ,twy=d1 ,ri*>d1 #cbc ,tylney1 ,elizabe?1 arms (1 #ig ,uf=d arms1 #cce ,uf=d1 ,sir ,ralph1 #aag1 #aai ,ul/] arms1 #agd1 #cbf2 badge (1 #bah2 label (1 #aja ,ul/]1 ,ri*>d e>l (1 #aad2 ,rog] e>l (1 see ,mortim]2 ,william e>l (1 see ,burgh ,union ,jack1 #bai1 #bbe1 #bdh1 #bej ,union ( cr[ns ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 #bjf ,vair1 #ci1 #beh2 ,vairy1 #ci ,val5ce arms1 #aai1 #abj ,val5ce1 ,aym] (1 e>l ( ,pembroke1 #aae1 #aaf1 #bea1 #bgc2 ,william (1 #fa1 #fg1 #abj ,ve]1 ,hugh de1 #aha ,v]don1 ,!obald "l1 #aad ,v]e arms1 #hh1 #ajd1 #aag2 bo>1 #ahb2 molet1 #dh1 #ahb ,v]e effigy at ,hatfield ,broadoak1 #ajf ,v]e1 ,john de1 e>l ( ,ox=d1 #aag1 #aah1 #age2 ,rob]t de1 e>l ( ,ox=d1 #abd ,v]non effigy at ,tong1 #cjf ,victoria1 ,que51 memorial to1 #cc ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 #ec1 #aai1 #aba1 #cdi1 #cea ,victory1 figure (1 #cd ,vipont1 ,isabel1 #aga ,void$ scut*eon1 !1 #db ,waits' coll>s1 #cac ,wake knot1 #ahd2 lord%ip (1 #bac ,waldby1 ,rob]t1 abp4 ( ,york1 #aje ,wald51 de1 ,libr>y1 #bce ,walwor?1 ,sir ,william1 #bbf ,walysel1 ,?omas1 brass (1 #ij ,w>de1 ,rob]t de la1 #abh ,w>5ne1 ,john de1 e>l ( ,surrey1 #aac ,w>5ne & ,surrey1 e>l (1 arms1 #di ,w>5ne e/ates1 #aae ,w>re1 ,john la1 #aih ,w>wick1 #fa1 #bgd1 #bgf ,w>wick be>1 #bje ,w>wick1 e>l (1 see ,beau*amp2 ,h5ry e>l (1 see ,beau*amp2 ,ri*>d e>l (1 see ,beau*amp2 ,?omas e>l (1 see ,beau*amp ,wat]=d1 ,john e>l (1 see ,talbot ,wat]ton1 ,rob]t1 #bih ,wavy1 #dc ,wax-,*&l]s' ,company1 #acd ,welles1 ,hel51 ( ,york1 #cbh ,wells *apt]-h\se1 #cjb ,wells 7,som]set71 #gd1 #aij1 #aia1 #aib2 oriel 9 dean]y1 #aij1 #aib ,w5twor? arms & family1 #cdb ,we/m9/]1 #bgj1 #bid ,we/m9/] abbey1 arms (1 #hf2 abbey *apt]-h\se1 tiles 91 #cf2 ve/ry (1 #cbb ,we/m9/] abbey *ur*1 h]aldry 91 #cg1 #dc1 #dd1 #ed1 #ee1 #fa1 #ff1 #fg1 #ga1 #hj1 #he1 #hf1 #ia1 #ib1 #ig1 #ii1 #aaj1 #abj1 #afi1 #agj1 #agb1 #agc1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahd1 #ahf1 #ahi1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bei1 #bff1 #ccb1 #cda1 #cdd1 #cde ,we/m9/]1 palace (1 #bba1 #bhe ,we/morl&1 ,joan1 c\ntess (1 see ,beau=t2 ,ralph e>l (1 see ,nevill ,:atton 7,notts71 effigy at1 #gc ,:atton1 ,sir ,ri*>d1 #gc ,:it*ur* 7,oxon71 brass at1 #ij ,:it*ur* 7,salop71 #bha ,:ite h>t badge1 #afh ,wilfrid1 sa9t1 #caa ,will\ghby d',eresby1 ,william "l1 #adc ,wilton ,h\se 7,wilts7 dipty* at1 #cji ,wilt%ire1 ,edw>d e>l (1 see ,/af=d2 ,?omas e>l (1 see ,bull5 ,w9*e/]1 ,h5ry bp4 (1 see ,beau=t2 ,john m>quess (1 #bhe ,w9dsor ca/le1 *apel ( ,/4 ,george 91 #fb1 #aab1 #aac1 #aea1 #aib1 #bbd1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdc1 #cjf1 #cca2 ,k+'s hall 91 #bch1 #bci2 picture 91 #bie ,w9dsor1 ,sir ,william1 #bja ,w+field *ur* 7,suffolk71 #age1 #agf1 #bhc ,wood/ock1 ,?omas (1 see ,?omas ,wotton-"u-,edge 7,glos71 brass at1 #cji1 #caj ,wrea? or torse1 #aef-aeh ,wr51 ,sir ,*ri/oph]1 #bdb ,wulcy1 ,?omas1 c>d9al1 #ccd1 #cce ,wydvile1 ,ri*>d1 "l ,riv]s1 #add1 #adg1 #aeh1 #bbi ,wym+ton 7,b$s71 brass at1 #hb ,wyvil1 ,rob]t1 bp4 ( ,salisbury1 arms (1 #hg ,yale or eale1 !1 #bjf1 #bji ,y>m\? 7,norf71 mayor's *a91 #cae ,york1 #cbh1 #cbi2 *a9s ( "l mayor & lady mayoress1 #cae2 waits' coll>s1 #cac ,york1 ,alex&] abp4 (1 see ,nevill2 ,h5ry abp4 (1 see ,b[et2 ,rob]t abp4 (1 see ,waldby ,york1 duke (1 see ,edmund ( ,langley2 ,ri*>d duke (1 see ,ri*>d ,york falcon1 #bjf1 #bjh1 #bah2 fett]lock1 #ahh2 h\se (1 #afh1 #afi2 roses1 #bjj ,york m9/]1 h]aldry 91 #dc1 #ed1 #bei ,yorki/ coll> ( suns & roses1 #cjd-cje1 #cab ,z\* badge1 #ahd ,z\*1 ,william "l1 #bjc ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,ballantyne ,,press ,,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,,special ,illu/ration ,,appo9tm5t ,,arti/s' ,,col\rm5 ,,to ,,_! ,,maje/ies ,,! ,,k+ ,,& ,,que5 ,,& ,,to ,h4,m4 ,,que5 ,,alex&ra ,,w9sor ,,newton ,,ltd4 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,,f9e/ ,,wat] ,,col\rs ,,= ,,h]aldic ,,blazon+1 ,,illum9at+1 ,,etc4 ,cake ,col\rs1 ,moi/ ,col\rs 9 ,glass ,pots4 ,gold & ,silv] ,%ells1 ,sauc]s & ,tablets1 ,gold ,pap]1 ,vellums1 ,bru%es1 & all requisites = ! ,art ,,boxes ,,fitt$ ,,) ,,col\rs ,,& ,,mat]ials ,illu/ration3 ,,illu/ration ,,( ,,gu9ea ,,box ,,( ,,moi/ ,,col\rs ,,9 ,,glass ,,pots1 ,,) ,,mat]ials ,l>g] & m complete boxes #a1 #b1 #c & #e gu9eas ,w9sor ,newton's ,col\rs & ,mat]ials may be obta9$ f ! pr9cipal deal]s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,(fices3 ,,ra?bone ,,place1 ,,london1 ,w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gov]nm5t ,,contractors ,w4 ,m4 ,,:eatley ,,sons 7,,e/abli%$ ,a ,,c5tury7 ,,gold ,,& ,,silv] ,,beat]s ,,& ,,bronze ,,p[d] ,,manufactur]s ,illu/ration #ch ,devon%ire ,/reet ,que5 ,squ>e ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ,gold ,leaf 9 all ,%ades4 ,speciality = ,bookb9d]s4 ,telephone3 ,,c5tral #gbjf ,,regi/]$ ,,trade ,,m>k 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,volume ,,9 ,,! ,,press ,,co/ume3 ,,its ,,ess5tials ,,& ,,possibilities1 ,,bas$ ,,on ,,hi/oric ,,examples4 ,by ,,talbot ,,hughes4 ,a ,h&book on ,hi/oric ,co/ume f e>ly times1 conta9+ ov] #fjj ,figures1 #ca ,collotype ,reproductions ( #ajj specim5s ( ,g5u9e ,dresses1 besides #hj ,scal$ ,patt]ns1 tak5 f ,antique ,app>el1 toge!r ) ov] #djj ,illu/rations ( ,head-dresses & ,foot-we>4 ,,john ,,hogg #ac ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,crafts ,,s]ies ,,bookb9d+ ,,& ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,books4 ,by ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell4 #abb ,draw+s by ,,noel ,,rooke4 #h ,pages ,collotype ,reproductions4 #ceb pp4 #es4 net4 7,?ird ,edition47 ,,extract ,,f ,! ,times4 444 ,a capital pro( ( ! reason$ ?or\ghness 9 workman%ip1 :i* is ! fir/ article 9 ! cre$ ( ^? :o 444 are attempt+ to c>ry into practice ! indu/rial tea*+ ( ,rusk9 & ,william ,morris4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,silv]work ,,& ,,jewell]y4 ,by ,h4 ,,wilson4 #bhj ,diagrams by ! ,au?or4 #cb ,pages ( ,collotype ,reproductions4 #ejj pp4 #fs4 #f;d4 net4 7,second ,edition47 ,conta9+ special *apt]s1 fully illu/rat$1 bas$ on demon/rations & ) notes by ,pr(essor ,,unno ,,bisei & ,pr(essor ,t4 ,,kobaya%i1 ( ! ,imp]ial ,f9e ,art ,college at ,tokyo1 giv+ ! traditional me?od ( ,ca/+1 ,damasc5+1 ,incru/ation1 ,inlay+1 ,engrav+1 & ,metal ,col\r+ /ill practis$ 9 ,japan1 also on ,niello1 ! ,mak+ ( ,boxes & ,c>d ,cases1 ) *apt]s on ,egyptian & ,ori5tal me?ods ( "w4 ,by ! same ,au?or4 ,,on ,,workman%ip4 ,a ,lecture4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,,john ,,hogg1 #ac ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london ,see foll[+ pages4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,crafts ,,s]ies ,,woodc>v+3 ,,design ,,& ,,workman%ip4 ,by ,,george ,,jack4 #gi ,draw+s by ! ,au?or4 #af ,pages ( ,collotype ,reproductions4 #cbj pp4 #es4 net4 ,,extract ,,f ,! ,build]s' ,j\rnal4 ,und\bt$ly ! be/ guide to ,woodc>v+ extant4444 ,a practical "w1 writt5 ) cle>ness & lit]>y p[] by a practical man 444 ( great arti/ic tal5t4444 ,! illu/rations are excell5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,,"w4 ,by ,c4 ,w4 ,,:all4 #gc ,diagrams by ,two ( ,8 ,appr5tices4 #af ,pages ( ,collotype ,reproductions4 #cib pp4 #es4 net4 ,,extract ,,f ,! ,scotsman4 ,x provides an exposition at once in/ructive & int]e/+ ( ! work%op practice ( ! craft 444 ( ,/a9$ ,glass1 animat$ ?r\gh\t by an enc\rag+ & *e]ful s5se ( ! dignity & ! elevat+ influ5ce ( su* an occupation4 ,,john ,,hogg1 #ac ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,crafts ,,s]ies ,,embroid]y ,,& ,,tape/ry ,,weav+4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,*ri/ie4 #agh ,diagrams & ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or4 #af ,pages ( ,collotype ,reproductions4 #dbj pp4 #fs4 net4 7,?ird ,edition47 ,,extract ,,f ,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,mrs4 ,*ri/ie has p]=m$ h] task to admiration1 444 & h] lucid explanations ( v>i\s k9ds ( /it*es 444 %\ld be ( value to all work]s at embroid]y or tape/ry weav+ & to novices anxi\s to le>n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,writ+ ,,& ,,illum9at+1 ,,& ,,lett]+4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,john/on4 #bbg ,illu/rations & ,diagrams by ! ,au?or & ,,noel ,,rooke4 #h ,pages ( ,examples 9 ,r$ & ,black4 #bd ,pages ( ,collotype ,reproductions4 #eab pp4 7,fif? ,edition47 ,,extract ,,f ,! ,a!num4 444 ,?is book belongs to t extremely r>e class 9 :i* e l9e be>s ! impress ( complete ma/]y ( ! subject4 ,we congratulate ,mr4 ,john/on on hav+ produc$ a "w at once orig9al & complete4 ,,john ,,hogg1 #ac ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london ,see next page 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,crafts ,,s]ies ,,h&-,,loom ,,weav+4 ,by ,,lu!r ,,hoop]4 #abe ,draw+s by ! ,au?or & ,,noel ,,rooke4 ,col\r$ & ,collotype ,reproductions4 #cfh pp4 #fs4 net4 ,,extract ,,f ,! ,morn+ ,po/4 444 ,e phase & process 9 weav+ is describ$ ) s cle> & c>eful an exactitude1 t1 help$ z ! text is by ! ,au?or's sket*es & diagrams1 ! read] %\ld h no difficulty 9 conqu]+ ) its aid ! rudim5ts ( ! craft4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,portfolios 79 ! ,s]ies7 already issu$4 ,,s*ool ,,copies ,,& ,,examples4 ,select$ by ,w4 ,r4 ,,le?aby & ,a4 ,h4 ,,*ri/ie4 #ab ,draw+ ,copies 7#a 9 col\rs71 ) ,descriptive ,lett]press4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,manuscript ,,& ,,inscription ,,lett]s4 ,= ,s*ools & ,classes & ! ,use ( ,craftsm54 ,by ,,edw>d ,,john/on4 ,) #e ,plates by ,a4 ,e4 ,r4 ,,gill1 #af ,plates 9 all4 ,full ,notes & ,descriptions by ! ,au?or4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 7,second ,edition47 7,pla/] ,ca/s ( ! orig9als ( ,plates #ac1 #ad & #ae c be _h ( ! ,publi%]4 ,write = ,prospectus47 ,o!r ,volumes & ,portfolios 9 ,prep>ation4 ,,john ,,hogg1 #ac ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,*anges to ! text are limit$ to corrections ( typographical errors & are li/$ z foll[s3 ,page #bf 7index ( text illu/rations7 #aje3 *ang$ ,s'af=d to ,/af=d 7,edw>d ,/af=d bi%op ( ,exet]7 ,page #cji3 *ang$ ,wootton-"u-,edge to ,wotton-"u-,edge4 ,?is same mis-spell+ is also correct$ 9 ! caption to ,figure #ahe & 9 ! li/ ( illu/rations on page #ca4 ,note t x 0 spell$ correctly 9 ! ,index4 ,page #dbf3 *ang$ ,a to ,,at 7,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,ballantyne ,,press7 ,plate ,,xxix caption3 *ang$ ob1 to ob4 7,ju/ice 9 ,eyre ( ,=e/s1 ob4 #adfj47