,e/abli%$ by ,edw>d ,l4 ,y\mans ,,appletons' ,,popul> ,,sci5ce ,,mon?ly ,,edit$ ,,by ,,william ,,jay ,,y\mans ,,vol4 ,,lv ,,may ,,to ,,octob]1 #ahii ,,new ,,york ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company #ahii ,,copyright1 #ahii1 ,,by ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,egle/on4 ,,appletons' ,,popul> ,,sci5ce ,,mon?ly4 ,,june1 #ahii4 ,,new ,,me?od ,,( ,,e/imat+ ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,niag>a ,,falls4 ,,by ,g4 ,,fr$]ick ,,wright4 ,bo? ! int]e/ & ! importance ( ! subject make x wor? :ile to foll[ out e clew t may lead to ! approximate det]m9ation ( ! age ( ,niag>a ,falls4 ,dur+ ?is pa/ season1 9 connection ) "s "w done = ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railroad ^u _! bran* l9e :i* runs along ! ea/]n face ( ! gorge f ,bloody ,run to ,lewi/on1 ,i =tunately came into possession ( data f :i* an e/imate ( ! age ( ! falls c be made entirely indep5d5t ( ^? :i* h h]et(ore be5 curr5t4 ,! be>+ & importance ( ! new data c be/ be se5 aft] a brief rsum ( ! ef=ts h]et(ore made to solve ?is important problem4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,look+ nor? f bel[ ! ,:irlpool1 %[+ ! electric road at ! bottom ( ! ea/ side ( ! gorge1 & ! /eam road desc5d+ ! face ab\t halfway to ! top4 ,9 #ahda ,sir ,*>les ,lyell & ! late ,pr(4 ,james ,hall visit$ ! falls toge!r2 b1 hav+ no means ( det]m9+ ! rate ( recession1 except f ! indef9ite reports ( resid5ts & guides1 !y c\ld place no great confid5ce 9 ! guess1 made by ,sir ,*>les ,lyell1 t x c\ld n be m ?an "o foot a ye>4 ,z ! l5g? ( ! gorge f ,lewi/on up is ab\t sev5 miles1 ! "t requir$ = its erosion at ?is rate w\ld be ?irty-five ?\s& ye>s4 ,! great au?ority & popul>ity ( ,lyell l$ ! g5]al public to put m confid5ce 9 ?is e/imate ?an ! di/+ui%$ au?ors !mselves did4 ,mr4 ,bakewell1 ano!r em95t ,engli% geologi/1 at ab\t ! same "t e/imat$ ! rate ( ! recession z ?reefold great] ?an ,lyell & ,hall _h done1 :i* w\ld r$uce ! "t to ab\t elev5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,b1 to prep>e ! way = a m def9ite settlem5t ( ! "q1 ! ,new ,york ,geological ,survey1 "u ,pr(essor ,hall's direction1 _h a c>eful trigonometric survey ( ! ,horse%oe ,fall made 9 #ahdb1 erect+ monum5ts at ! po9ts at :i* _! angles 7 tak51 s t1 aft] a suffici5t lapse ( "t1 ! actual rate ( recession c\ld be m accurately det]m9$4 ,9 #ahhf ,mr4 ,woodw>d1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 made a new survey1 & f\nd t ! actual am\nt ( recession 9 ! c5t] ( ! ,horse%oe ,fall _h proce$$ at an av]age rate ( ab\t five feet p] annum4 ,! subject 0 ?or\ghly discuss$ by ,drs4 ,pohlman & ,gilb]t1 at ! ,buffalo meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,association 9 #ahhf1 :5 x 0 prov$1 to ! satisfaction ( e "o1 t1 if ! supply ( wat] _h be5 con/ant ?r\gh\t its hi/ory1 ! :ole "w ( erod+ ! gorge f ,lewi/on to ! ,falls w\ld h be5 accompli%$1 at ! pres5t rate ( recession1 9 ab\t sev5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,b ! "q 0 imm$iately rais$1 ,has ! supply ( wat] 9 ,niag>a ,riv] be5 con/ant8 ,x 0 my privilege1 9 ! autumn ( #ahib 7see ,bullet9 ( ! ,geological ,society ( ,am]ica1 vol4 iv1 pp4 #dba-dbg71 to br+ =? ! fir/ positive evid5ce t ! wat] p\r+ ov] ,niag>a _h = a "t be5 div]t$1 hav+ be5 turn$ ?r\gh ,lake ,nipiss+ d[n ! valley ( ! ,mattawa into ! ,ottawa ,riv]1 foll[+ ne>ly ! l9e ( ,*ampla9's old trail & ( ! pres5t ,canadian ,pacific ,railroad4 ,! correctness ( ?is inf]5ce has be5 abundantly confirm$ by subsequ5t inve/igations ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,b4 ,taylor & ,dr4 ,rob]t ,bell4,a ,! occasion ( ?is div]sion ( ! dra9age ( ! ,great ,lakes f ! ,niag>a ?r\gh ! ,ottawa ,valley 0 ! well-kn[n nor!rly subsid5ce ( ! l& 9 ,canada at ! close ( ! ,glacial p]iod4 ,:5 ! ice melt$ (f f ! l[] "p ( ! ,ottawa ,valley ! l& /ood five hundr$ feet l[] ?an x does n[1 b ! ext5t ( ?is subsid5ce dim9i%$ bo? to ! s\? & ! we/1 mak+ x difficult to e/imate j h[ great x 0 at ! ,nipiss+ outlet4 ,a subsid5ce ( "o hundr$ feet at t po9t1 h[ev]1 w\ld n[ div]t ! wat]s into ! ,ottawa ,riv]4 ,t x actually 0 s div]t$ is %[n bo? by conv]g+ high-level %ore l9es at ! head ( ! ,mattawa ,valley & by ! imm5se delta deposits at its junction ) ! ,ottawa1 to :i* att5tion 0 fir/ call$ 9 my pap] ref]r$ to above4 ,footnote ,a3 ,see article by ,mr4 ,taylor on ,! ,sc\r$ ,b[ld]s ( ! ,mattawa ,valley1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 ,m>*1 #ahig1 pp4 #bjh-bah4 ,! indet]m9ate "q :i* rema9$ 01 ,at :at rate did ?is po/glacial elevation ( l& :i* has br\ght x up to its pres5t level proce$8 ,dr4 ,gilb]t1 ,pr(essor ,sp5c]1 & ,mr4 ,taylor h br\ght =? a v>iety ( facts :i*1 accord+ to _! int]pretation1 %[ t ?is rate ( elevation 0 s sl[ t f tw5ty ?\s& to ?irty ?\s& ye>s 0 requir$ to re/ore to ! ,niag>a ,riv] its pres5t volume ( wat]4 ,_! argum5ts are bas$ ^u ! v>y+ wid? & dep? ( ! ,niag>a gorge1 prov+1 z !y ?9k1 ! pres5ce ( a small] am\nt ( wat] dur+ ! erosion ( "s portions4 ,dr4 ,gilb]t has also br\ght =w>d "s facts conc]n+ ! ext5t ( suppos$ erosion produc$ by ! div]t$ wat]s ( ,niag>a :5 pass+ ov] an int]m$iate outlet betwe5 ,lake ,simcoe & ,lake ,nipiss+4 ,b ! difficulty ( obta9+ any safe basis = calculation ^u ^! speculative consid]ations has increas$ ! desire to f9d a means ( calculation :i* %\ld be indep5d5t ( ! indet]m9ate problems involv$4 ,t ,i ?9k ,i h f\nd1 & s h made a beg9n+ 9 obta9+ desir$ results4 ,! new evid5ce lies 9 ! ext5t ( ! enl>gem5t ( ! m\? ( ! ,niag>a gorge at ,lewi/on s9ce ! recession ( ! falls began4 ,x is evid5t t ! olde/ "p ( ! ,niag>a gorge is at its m\?1 at ,lewi/on1 :]e ! esc>pm5t sudd5ly breaks d[n to ! level ( ,lake ,ont>io4 ,! walls ( ! gorge rise "h to a height ( ?ree hundr$ & =ty feet above ! level ( ! riv]4 ,x is cle> t f ! mom5t ! recession ( ! falls began at ,lewi/on ! walls ( ! gorge on ei!r side h be5 subject to ! action ( con/ant dis9tegrat+ ag5cies1 t5d+ to enl>ge ! m\? & make x ,v-%ap$4 ,:at ,i did la/ summ] 0 to measure ! exact am\nt ( ?is enl>gem5t1 & to obta9 an approximate e/imate ( ! rate at :i* x is go+ on4,b ,z ?is enl>gem5t proce$s :olly ?r\gh ! action ( atmosph]ic ag5cies1 ! conditions are con/ant1 & x is hop$ t suffici5tly def9ite results h be5 obta9$ to set "s limits to ! speculations :i* h be5 made ^u m indef9ite gr\nds4 ,footnote ,b3 ,= opportunity to d ?is "w ,i am indebt$ to ! int]e/ ( ,presid5t ,s4 ,r4 ,callaway1 ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railroad4 ,! measurem5ts 7 made by ,mr4 ,george ,s4 ,tibbits1 eng9e] ( ! we/]n division4 ,! photographs 7 tak5 by ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,dutton1 ( ,clevel&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,view look+ ea/ across ! gorge ne> ! m\?1 %[+ ! railroads & ! outcrops ( ,cl9ton & ,niag>a lime/ones above ! /eam road4 ,! face on ! ea/ side ( ! gorge pres5ts a s]ies ( alt]nate lay]s ( h>d & s(t rocks1 ( :i* c]ta9 portions are v susceptible to ! dis9tegrat+ ag5cies ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! summit consi/s ( f tw5ty to ?irty feet ( compact ,niag>a lime/one1 :i* is und]laid by ab\t sev5ty feet ( ,niag>a %ale2 :i* 9 turn re/s ^u a compact /ratum ( ,cl9ton lime/one ab\t tw5ty feet ?ick1 :i* aga9 is und]laid by a %aly deposit ( sev5ty feet1 re/+ ^u a compact /ratum ( ,m$9a s&/one tw5ty feet ?ick1 bel[ :i* a s(t] s&/one1 t crumbles some:at readily1 ext5ds to ! level ( ! riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,look+ up ! gorge f ne> ,lewi/on1 %[+ on ! left ! expos$ situation ( ! ea/]n face ( ! gorge at ! extreme angle1 :]e ! measurem5ts 7 made4 ,! pres5t wid? ( ! riv] at ! m\? ( ! gorge is sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty feet4 ,x is sc>cely possible t ! orig9al wid? ( ! gorge 0 "h any less ?an ?is1 = 9 ! n>r[e/ places above1 ev5 :]e ! ,niag>a lime/one is mu* ?ick] ?an at ,lewi/on1 x is n[h]e mu* less ?an six hundr$ feet 9 wid?4 ,nor is x probable t ! riv] has to any consid]able ext5t enl>g$ its *annel at ! m\? ( ! gorge at ! wat] level4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is m probable t ! m\? has be5 some:at contract$1 = ! l>ge masses ( ,niag>a & ,cl9ton lime/one & ,m$9a s&/one :i* h fall5 d[n z ! %ales 7 und]m9$ h accumulat$ at ! base z a talus1 :i* ! pres5t curr5t ( ! riv] is too feeble to remove4 ,?is talus ( great blocks ( h>d /one has effectually riprapp$ ! banks1 & really encroa*$ to "s ext5t ^u ! orig9al *annel4 ,we may !re=e assume ) confid5ce t ! enl>gem5t1 "u subarial ag5cies1 ( ! m\? ( ! gorge at ! top ( ! esc>pm5t has be5 no great] ?an ! di/ance f ! pres5t wat]'s edge to ! pres5t l9e ( ! esc>pm5t at ! summit ( ! ,niag>a lime/one4 ,?is we f\nd to be ?ree hundr$ & eighty-eight feet--t is1 ! upp] /ratum ( h>d rock on ! ea/ side ( ! gorge _h retreat$ t di/ance1 ?r\gh ! action ( atmosph]ic ag5cies1 s9ce ! =mation ( ! gorge fir/ began4 ,! accompany+ photogravures & diagram w pres5t ! facts at a glance4 ,! total "w ( enl>gem5t on ! ea/ side ( ! gorge has be5 ! removal ( an inv]t$ triangul> section ( ! rock /rata ?ree hundr$ & =ty feet high & ?ree hundr$ & eighty-eight feet base1 :i* w\ld be ! same z a rectangul> section ( "o hundr$ & n9ety-f\r feet base4 ,f ?is "o c readily see t if ! av]age erosion has be5 at ! rate ( "o qu>t] ( an in* p] annum1 ! :ole am\nt w\ld h fall5 d[n 9 less ?an t5 ?\s& ye>s2 :ile if ! "t is l5g!n$1 z "s w\ld h x1 to =ty ?\s& ye>s1 ! rate w\ld be r$uc$ to "o sixte5? ( an in* p] ye>4 ,=tunately1 ! con/ruction ( ! railroad along ! face ( ! ea/]n wall ( ! gorge af=ds opportunity to /udy ! rate ( erosion dur+ a def9ite p]iod ( "t4 ,! accompany+ photogravures w illu/rate to ! eye facts :i* x is h>d to make impressive by words alone4 ,! c\rse ( ! road is diagonally d[n ! face ( ! gorge f its summit = a di/ance ( ab\t two miles1 desc5d+ 9 t space ab\t two hundr$ feet to ! outcrop ( h>d qu>tzose ,m$9a s&/one4 ,! l[] mile ( ?is exposure pres5ts ! typical situation = mak+ an e/imate ( ! rate at :i* ! face is crumbl+ away4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,ne>] view ( ! upp] portion ( ! face ne> ! m\?1 %[+ ! exposure ( ! situation at t po9t4 ,beg9n+ at :at us$ to be kn[n z ! ,h]mit's ,cave1 ne> ! ,ca?olic ,college gr\nds1 :]e ! ,niag>a %ale is well expos$1 & ext5d+ to ! out] limit ( ! gorge1 ! height ( ! face above ! railroad av]ages "o hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,n[1 ! crumbl+ away ( ! sup]9cumb5t cliffs gives cont9ual tr\ble to ! road4 ,?ree wat*m5 are con/antly employ$ along ?is di/ance to remove ! dbris :i* falls d[n1 & to give w>n+ if m comes d[n ?an !y c remove be=e tra9s are due4 ,! sev5ty feet ( ,niag>a %ale1 & ! equal ?ickness ( %aly ,m$9a rock :i* und]lies ! ,cl9ton lime/one1 are con/antly fall+ (f1 ev5 9 fair wea!r1 z any "o c exp]i5ce by walk+ along ! bank2 :ile aft] /orms1 & especially 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! fro/ is com+ out1 ! dis9tegration proce$s at a mu* m rapid rate4 ,sometimes two or ?ree days are requir$ by ! :ole =ce ( section h&s to ?r[ ov] ! bank ! result ( a s+le fall ( mat]ial4 ,at a rate ( "o qu>t] ( an in* ( wa/e ea* ye> ! am\nt ( dbris accumulat+ = removal on ! track along ?is di/ance w\ld be only six hundr$ & t5 cubic y>ds p] annum--t is1 if six hundr$ & t5 cubic y>ds ( mat]ial falls d[n f "o mile ( ! face ( ! wall :]e x is a hundr$ & fifty feet high1 ! :ole am\nt ( enl>gem5t ( ! m\? ( ! gorge w\ld be accompli%$ 9 less ?an t5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,exact acc\nts h n be5 kept by ! railroad2 b ev5 a ha/y exam9ation ( ! face ( ! wall makes x sure t ! actual am\nt remov$ has be5 greatly 9 excess ( six hundr$ y>ds annually4 ,?is e/imate is bas$ p>tly on ! impression ( ! railroad (ficials z to ! co/ ( removal1 & p>tly on ! impressions ( ! wat*m5 :o sp5d _! "t 9 keep+ gu>d & 9 ! "w ( remov+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,%[+ ext5t ( erosion at base ( ! ,niag>a %ale s9ce #ahed4 7,see description 9 ! text47 ,b t is n all4 ,! accompany+ photogravures indicate an actual am\nt ( removal ov] a "p ( ! area enorm\sly 9 excess ( ! rate suppos$4 ,fig4 #e %[s a portion ( ! precipice1 a hundr$ feet high1 :]e ! road fir/ comes d[n to ! level ( ! ,cl9ton lime/one1 & :]e1 consequ5tly1 ! :ole ?ickness ( ! ,niag>a %ale is accessible to exam9ation4 ,=tunately1 ,patrick ,mac,namara1 ! wat*man at ?is /ation1 0 a workman on ! road at ! "t ( its con/ruction 9 #ahed1 & has be5 connect$ ) ! road ev] s9ce1 hav+ be5 at 8 pres5t po/ = twelve ye>s4 ,we h !re=e 8 di/9ct remembrance1 z well z ! appe>ance ( ! bank1 to in=m u :]e ! face ( ! orig9al excavation !n 04 ,9 ! picture he is /&+ at ! orig9al face1 :ile ! o!r figure is ne>ly at ! back ( ! space :i* has be5 left empty by ! crumbl+ away ( ! %ale4 ,! horizontal di/ance is fully tw5ty feet1 & ! rocks ov]hang to t am\nt = ! :ole di/ance expos$ 9 ! photograph4 ,all ?is am\nt ( %ale has fall5 d[n 9 =ty-f\r ye>s1 mak+ a rate _m times l>g] ?an ! highe/ we h tak5 z ! basis ( our e/imate4 ,( c\rse1 ?is rate = ! crumbl+ away ( ! ,niag>a %ale on its fre% exposure is mu* 9 excess ( ! av]age rate = a long p]iod ( "t2 b x is cle> t ! rate ( erosion at ! base ( ! ,niag>a lime/one at ! m\? ( ! gorge c nev] h be5 suffici5tly sl[ to r$uce ! total av]age mu* bel[ ! assum$ rate ( a qu>t] ( an in* a ye>4 ,to impress ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t x is only necess>y to foll[ ! progress1 9 imag9ation1 ( ! crumbl+ process :i* has br\ght ! side ( ! gorge to its pres5t condition4 ,at fir/ ! face ( ! gorge 0 p]p5dicul>1 ! plung+ wat] mak+ ! gorge z wide at ! bottom z at ! top4 ,at successive /ages ! /rata ( %ale on ! side w\ld crumble away1 z is %[n 9 our photograph1 & und]m9e ! /rata ( h>d rock4 ,! l>ge fragm5ts w\ld fall to ! bottom1 &1 be+ too l>ge to be c>ri$ away by ! curr5t1 w\ld =m ! talus to :i* we h already ref]r$1 :i* w\ld gr[ 9 height ) e successive c5tury4 ,! actual progress ( ! enl>gem5t w\ld ?us be p]iodic1 & n capable ( measurem5t by decades2 b aft] c5turies ! progress w\ld be cle>ly m>k$1 & especially :5ev] !re 0 a fall+ away ( ! l[] /ratum ( compact ,m$9a s&/one1 :i* is ab\t two hundr$ feet bel[ ! top1 w\ld a new cycle ( rapid dis9tegrations 9 ! sup]9cumb5t /rata foll[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,section1 drawn to equal v]tical & horizontal scale1 %[+ enl>gem5t ( ,niag>a gorge on ! ea/ side at its m\? at ,lewi/on3 #a1 ,niag>a lime/one1 #bj to #cj feet2 #b1 ,niag>a %ale1 #gj feet2 #c1 ,cl9ton lime/one1 #bj to #cj feet2 #d1 ,cl9ton & ,m$9a %ale1 #gj feet2 #e1 ,qu>tzose ,m$9a s&/one1 #bj to #cj feet2 #f1 s(t] ,m$9a s&/one1 #abj feet above wat] level4 ,an important po9t to be notic$1 & :i* is evid5t f two ( ! reproduc$ photographs 7,figs4 #c & #d71 is t ! talus has nev] rea*$ up s high z to *eck ! dis9tegration at ! m\? ( ! gorge ( ! ,niag>a %ale & lime/one :i* =m ! upp] "o hundr$ feet ( ! face1 & :i* exhibit ! maximum am\nt ( enl>gem5t :i* has tak5 place4 ,! ?ickness ( ! ,niag>a lime/one is "h s small t x has n be5 s important an elem5t 9 =m+ ! talus z x has be5 f>!r up ! /ream1 :]e x is two or ?ree times z ?ick4 ,n[1 :ile our orig9al supposition 0 t "o qu>t] ( an in* annually 0 erod$ f ! upp] two hundr$ feet1 ?is w\ld involve ! erosion ( a half in* p] annum ov] ! top ( ! gorge to br+ ! calculation )9 ! limit ( t5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,x c]ta9ly is difficult = "o :o exam9es ! facts ^u ! gr\nd to believe t ! crumbl+ away ( ?is expos$ ,niag>a %ale c\ld h be5 at any less rate ?an t2 s t ! e/imate ( ab\t t5 ?\s& ye>s = ! date ( t /age ( ! ,glacial p]iod 9 :i* ,niag>a ,riv] fir/ began its "w ( erosion at ,lewi/on 7an e/imate :i* is support$ by a great v>iety ( facts indep5d5t ( ^? relat+ to ! ,niag>a gorge7 is /rongly confirm$ by ?is new l9e ( evid5ce4 ,s f> z ,i c see1 ! only "q ( s]i\s d\bt t c be rais$ respect+ ?is calculation w arise f ! possible supposition t1 :5 ! ea/]n dra9age ov] ! ,niag>a *annel began1 ! l& /ood at su* a relatively l[] level z w\ld r$uce ! height ( ! fall to ab\t half t ( ! pres5t esc>pm5t at t po9t2 :5 x might be suppos$ t a protect+ talus _h accumulat$ :i* w\ld int]rupt ! lat]al erosion = ! indef9ite p]iod :5 ! dra9age 0 be+ drawn ar\nd by way ( ! rec5tly op5$ ,lake ,nipiss+ & ,mattawa outlet4 ,!n1 ^u ! resumption ( ! pres5t l9e ( dra9age1 ) ! l& /&+ at ne>ly its pres5t level1 ! talus may h be5 und]cut1 & s fall5 d[n to leave ! upp] /rata expos$ z at pres5t4 ,b !re does n seem to be suffici5t w>rant = su* a supposition to make x necess>y s]i\sly to ent]ta9 x1 :ile ! objections to x are significant & s]i\s4 ,fir/1 ! pres5t n>r[ness ( ! riv] at ! wat] level is su* t x does n give mu* opportunity = enl>gem5t aft] ! fir/ =mation ( ! gorge2 secondly1 ! ,niag>a lime/one at ! m\? ( ! gorge is s ?9 7/at$ by ,hall to be tw5ty feet ?ick7 t x w\ld n =m a protect+ talus1 ev5 at half its pres5t height4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 ,s4--,s9ce ! above 0 writt5 !re has be5 report$ 9 ! pap]s an imm5se fall ( rock f ! ea/ side ( ! gorge1 ne> ! head ( ! ,:irlpool rapids4 ,! e/imate made ( ! am\nt is "o hundr$ ?\s& tons4 ,if t e/imate is correct1 x is a v impressive illu/ration ( h[ ! av]age fall ( mat]ial f ! side ( ! gorge is occasionally increas$ by a s+le in/ance4 ,9 mak+ our calculations above1 ! total am\nt ( mat]ial annually fall+ (f f ! portion ( ! side ( ! gorge "u consid]ation am\nt$ only to #a1bcg tons1 :ile ! am\nt ( mat]ial 0 #faa cubic y>ds4 ,b ! #ajj1jjj tons :i* came (f 9 a s+le slide a few weeks ago w\ld be equal to tw5ty in*es 9 ?ickness f ! :ole face ( ! cliff1 :]e our e/imate 0 only a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,n4 ,b4--,9 ! diagram 7,fig4 #f7 ext5d ! ,niag>a %ale 7#b7 up to occupy l[] two lay]s ( 7#a71 ?us mak+ ,niag>a lime/one 7#a7 half z ?ick z n[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a piece ( sk9 :i* ! au?ors ma9ta9$ to be ( great antiquity & to h belong$ to ! ext9ct mylodon or gr\nd slo?1 f\nd 9 a cave 9 ,patagonia1 0 rec5tly exhibit$ to ! ,london ,zological ,society by ,mr4 ,a4 ,smi? ,woodw>d & ,dr4 ,f4 ,p4 ,mor5o4 ,,abuse ,,( ,,public ,,*>ity4 ,,by ,,bird ,s4 ,,col]1 ,,comptroll] ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york4 ,t5 p] c5t ( all ! human be+s :o die 9 ,new ,york city are buri$ 9 ,pott]'s ,field at public exp5se2 b ! records ( organiz$ *>ity1 (ficial & semi(ficial1 %[ t less ?an "o p] c5t ( ! liv+ are paup]s or dep5d5t p]sons4 ,!re are two explanations ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! numb] ( liv+ poor & p5niless dead4 ,! *ief "o is t abuse ( public *>ity has gr[n to su* proportions t ! city has become ! ,mecca ( ! *ronic idl]s & tramps ( ! entire c\ntry4 ,x is easi] = an indu/ri\s & %rewd pr(essional begg> to live 9 luxury 9 ,new ,york ?an to exi/ 9 any o!r city 9 ! _w4 ,no magic w& ( anci5t fable 0 ev] m pot5t to unlock ! gates ( ca/le or prison ?an ! "n ( *>ity is to op5 a way to ! public treasury4 ,! lib]al & well-nigh indiscrim9ate giv+ ( ! money ( ! taxpay]s = ! relief ( sickness & pov]ty has be5 comm&$ by law1 sanction$ by cu/om1 & approv$ by public op9ion until ! possibility ( *eck+ or re=m+ ! abuse gr[s m & m remote z ! burd5 increases & ! evil results multiply4 ,! city ( ,new ,york gives annually to public *>ity m ?an #e1jjj1jjj1 & contributes indirectly #b1jjj1jjj m4 ,( ! money rais$ by taxation = city purposes prop] 7,/ate taxes1 int]e/1 & c\nty exp5ses elim9at$71 almo/ twelve p] c5t is prop]ly *>geable to relief ( pov]ty & sickness4 ,( ?is exp5diture m ?an #c1jjj1jjj is paid to private in/itutions & societies ov] :i* ! city au?orities h no control or sup]vision4 ,! paym5ts are made 9 compliance ) ! provisions ( acts ( ! ,/ate ,legislature4 ,! only provision 9 ^! laws t enables ! city (fic]s to protect ! treasury f fraud is a clause "u :i* ! comptroll] is p]mitt$ to v]ify ! bills ( ! in/itutions = ! c>e ( committ$ p]sons4 ,!re is a con/itutional safegu>d aga9/ outright sw9dl+ ( ! city1 9 ! requirem5t t *>itable in/itutions %all be inspect$ & _! bills approv$ by ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,*>ities1 b ! sy/em is op5 to _m abuses :]e ! public (fic]s are p[]less4 ,! pres5t comptroll] ( ! city has f\nd t a numb] ( alleg$ *>itable in/itutions & societies receiv+ money f ! city apply ne>ly all _! funds to ! paym5t ( sal>ies ( (fic]s & employees1 :ile _! relief "w is v limit$ & ( d\btful "*4 ,o!r societies1 he f\nd ^u inve/igation1 really enc\rage pr(essional begg>s )\t 9 any case reliev+ des]v+ poor4 ,a few cases 7 s flagrant 9 _! abuse ( public *>ity t ! fur!r paym5t ( city money to ! societies 0 refus$4 ,9 "o case he f\nd t a society :i* claim$ a bo>d ( directors & num]\s (fic]s 0 really manag$ by "o p]son1 :o 9 "o ye> _h receiv$ #a1ejj f ! city & #gj f all o!r s\rces1 & _h exp5d$ #a1cjj ( ! am\nt = sal>ies & #dj = ! relief ( ! de/itute4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,*>ities1 = ! ma9t5ance ( :i* ! sum ( #a1ida1bae is appropriat$ = ! ye> #ahii1 is controll$ entirely by ! city4 ,! balance ( ! #e1jjj1jjj appropriat$ annually = ! same g5]al purpose is divid$ among m ?an two hundr$ societies & in/itutions manag$ by corporations or private individuals4 ,9 !ory none ( ^! private in/itutions is support$ by ! city1 ! municipality m]ely pay+ to !m a fix$ sum1 :i* is suppos$ to be supplem5t$ by private donations4 ,9 reality n9e t5?s ( !m c\ld n exi/ six mon?s )\t ! money !y receive f ! public treasury4 ,v few ( ^! semipublic *>ities h an income f all o!r s\rces equal to ! appropriation f ! city4 ,! city pays = ! support ( a *ild 9 a private in/itution ! sum ( #aaj a ye>1 & ! av]age all[ance = ! ma9t5ance ( an adult is #aej4 ,! p]c5tage ( *ildr5 among ! dep5d5t p]sons is almo/ ?ree to "o1 s ! #e1jjj1jjj public *>ity fund w\ld fe$ & clo! m ?an =ty ?\s& p]sons ea* ye> if appli$ directly to t purpose4 ,9 ! di/ribution ( ?is great sum ( public money1 h[ev]1 fully #b1jjj1jjj ( ! am\nt is absorb$ 9 ! paym5t ( sal>ies & exp5ses1 & !re9 exi/s an abuse ( public *>ity s great t ! pres5t comptroll] ( ! city "s mon?s ago appeal$ to ! ,legislature = relief 9 ! =m ( legislation :i* w\ld enable ! local au?orities to /op paym5ts to _m societies4 ,!re are num]\s small in/itutions1 "s ( !m hav+ ! indorsem5t & moral support ( lead+ citiz5s1 t sp5d f sixty to eighty p] c5t ( all ! money !y receive 9 ! paym5t ( sal>ies1 & 9 "o case discov]$ by ! comptroll] ! exp5ses absorb$ n9ety-f\r p] c5t ( ! total income ( ! society6 ,!re is no evid5ce t any ( ^! societies are delib]ately di%one/ 9 _! deal+s ) ! city & ! public4 ,!y are z a rule conduct$ by m5 & wom5 ^: motives are good1 b :o h no exp]i5ce or practical k to fit !m = ! managem5t ( a *>itable in/itution4 ,!y are easily impos$ ^u by pr(essional begg>s1 & 9 mo/ cases fail 9 _! well-meant ef=ts to rea* & relieve ! des]v+ :o are 9 actual ne$4 ,mo/ ( ! small organizations t wa/e public money 9 misdirect$ *>ity are controll$ by wom5 ( em95t respectability1 b ) no k :atev] ( ! details ( ! "w !y h und]tak54 ,! result 9 _m cases has be5 t !y employ en\gh help to absorb ! bulk ( ! money receiv$ )\t realiz+ t !y are do+ m h>m ?an good4 ,! city does n sp5d its own money *eaply4 ,( ! appropriation ( #a1ida1bae = ! support ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,*>ities = ! curr5t ye> ! sum ( #ebi1fbf is all[$ = ! paym5t ( sal>ies ( commission]s & employees4 ,no private bus9ess c\ld long endure if conduct$ on su* a basis4 ,"s ( ! in/itutions :]e hundr$s ( homeless waifs f ! /reets are c>$ =--in/itutions semipublic 9 "*1 manag$ by m5 ( m ?an local reputation z exp]ts 9 su* "w1 societies f\nd$ by m5 & wom5 ^: lives h be5 devot$ to do+ good--%[ by _! annual reports t m ?an half _! income is paid out 9 sal>ies4 ,"o in/itution t receiv$ #cj1jjj f ! city 9 #ahih & #bj1jjj f all o!r s\rces1 report$ a sal>y acc\nt ( #ca1jjj4 ,ano!r1 receiv+ #ajj1jjj f ! city & #abj1jjj 9 donations1 _h a sal>y acc\nt ( #aae1jjj4 ,= e five p]sons support$ by public *>ity !re are ?ree p]sons employ$ on sal>y 9 ! "w ( relief4 ,( e five doll>s paid out by ! city treasury to relieve ! sick & de/itute1 two doll>s is absorb$ by ! sal>y & exp5se acc\nts4 ,! !ory ( ! law "u :i* city money is paid to private *>itable in/itutions is t !y relieve ! municipal au?orities ( ! c>e ( a c]ta9 numb] ( p]sons :o w\ld o!rwise become public *>ges to be ma9ta9$ 9 ! hospitals1 asylums1 or homes own$ by ! city4 ,x is also a popul> !ory t "y *ildr5 :o h become a public *>ge w receive bett] c>e & tra9+ 9 a home controll$ by a private society ?an !y w\ld 9 a public in/itution4 ,appropriations & legislation are also obta9$ by private organizations on ! repres5tation t = e doll> paid to !m by ! city or ,/ate an equal am\nt w be contribut$ by f\nd]s & subscrib]s4 ,?is repres5tation is n always true1 & 9 _m cases x happ5s t :5 a society beg9s to receive money f ! city private contributions fall (f4 ,:5 ! city au?orities fir/ took up ! "q ( c>+ = homeless & de/itute p]sons & f\nd t !y _h to deal ) a grave problem1 "s ( ! private *>itable in/itutions 7 already 9 exi/5ce & came =w>d ) (f]s to %>e ! burd54 ,at t "t x 0 consid]$ a good bus9ess arrangem5t = ! city to use private societies 9 ! "w ( relief4 ,?is plan1 x 0 expect$1 w\ld save ! city consid]able money1 because ! (fic]s ( ! societies w\ld contribute _! s]vices1 & ! co/ ( apply+ public *>ity to necess>y relief w\ld 9 t way be r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,t expectation has n be5 realiz$4 ,) ! rapid increase ( necessity & dem& = public relief ! exp5ses ( adm9i/ration ( ! societies h increas$ out ( all proportion to ! "w accompli%$4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! city au?orities %irk$ a public duty1 & by giv+ city money to private p]sons :o 7 will+ to relieve !m ( a burd5 !y invit$ ! creation ( new societies & a /eadily increas+ dem& = m funds4 ,( ! two hundr$ & tw5ty *>itable societies t receive money f ! city m ?an "o hundr$ h be5 organiz$ dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s4 ,! records ( ! f9ance dep>tm5t & ! annual reports ( ^! new organizations %[ t _m ( !m h receiv$ f ! city sixty to n9ety p] c5t ( all ! funds !y h h&l$1 & t almo/ ! same p]c5tage ( _! total income 0 *>g$ to exp5ses1 ! *ief item ( exp5se 9 e case be+ ! paym5t ( sal>ies to (fic]s4 ,ye> aft] ye> ! promot]s & (fic]s ( ^! small organizations appe> be=e ! city au?orities :5 ! annual budget is to be pass$1 &1 attempt+ to excuse ! poor %[+ !y make1 say1 9 plead+ = a l>g] appropriation1 ,we hope to d bett] next ye>4 ,! mo/ lib]al-m9d$ def5d] ( indiscrim9ate public *>ity w\ld f9d x difficult to excuse ! exi/5ce ( "s ( ^! societies4 ,!re are scores ( small organizations help+ to sp5d public money t are unkn[n to ! g5]al public4 ,9 fact1 "s ( !m are nev] he>d ( except :5 _! (fic]s appe> be=e ! ,bo>d ( ,e/imate once a ye> to ask = m money4 ,!re is a society1 organiz$ = ! purpose ( supply+ clo?+ to %ipwreck$ sailors1 :i* = sev]al ye>s obta9$ a small appropriation f ! city4 ,:5 ! (fic]s reque/$ an increase ( ! am\nt all[$1 ! city au?orities ask$ = "s p>ticul>s ( ! "w done4 ,! report submitt$ 9 reply %[$ t ! society _h receiv$1 9 addition to ! money obta9$ f ! city1 sev]al donations ( second-h& clo?+ & "o box ( wri/lets 7knit b&s to be worn on ! wri/s72 _h s5t to a sailor %ipwreck$ on ! coa/ ( ,oregon a suit ( und]we>1 a pair ( hose1 & a rubb] coat2 to a crew wreck$ on ! reefs ( ,florida "s %oes & oilsk9 caps4 ,!re 0 no report ( relief or clo?+ suppli$ to a sailor or any o!r p]son 9 ! city or ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 b !re 0 a *>ge = sal>ies t almo/ balanc$ ! am\nt receiv$ f ! city treasury4 ,ano!r ( ! m9or in/itutions is a society t is engag$ 9 an orig9al me?od ( *>itable "w4 ,! ag5ts ( ?is society1 or ! memb]s !mselves1 g out into ! slums ( ! city on ,sunday morn+s & ga!r 9 a numb] ( tramps4 ,! homeless w&]]s are assembl$ 9 a room hir$ = ! purpose & suppli$ ) a w>m breakfa/1 aft] :i* !y are compell$ to li/5 to a s]mon & a lecture4 ,!y are !n all[$ to dep>t & live z be/ !y c until ! foll[+ ,sunday4 ,= a numb] ( ye>s ?is society has receiv$ a small appropriation f ! city on ! gr\nd t x is a useful public *>ity4 ,to all ( ^! small societies1 no matt] :at may be _! alleg$ field ( *>itable "w1 city money is appropriat$ )\t specific k ( ! exact purpose to :i* x is appli$4 ,by legislation or petition1 back$ by ! influ5ce ( prom95t citiz5s1 scores ( ^! petty organizations1 "s ( !m m]ely a fad or :im ( an idle man or woman1 h be5 plac$ on ! li/ ( semipublic *>ities to be aid$ at ! exp5se ( ! taxpay]s1 & !re !y rema9 ye> aft] ye> )\t s mu* z a s]i\s inquiry z to _! m]its or ! "w !y accompli%4 ,! city au?orities :o grant ! appropriations d n & c n "k h[ ! money !y give to su* societies is to be exp5d$1 because !y h no legal au?ority to inve/igate ! conduct ( su* in/itutions4 ,! city (fic]s1 !re=e1 are n to blame4 ,! fault seems to re/ prim>ily ^u t condition ( public op9ion t is *e]fully tol]ant ( any fraud committ$ 9 ! "n ( *>ity1 & secondly ^u ! memb]s ( ! ,legislature :o vote )\t "q or inve/igation = all legislation ask$ = by any b5evol5t p]son or society4 ,to ! l>ge *>itable & correctional in/itutions ( e/abli%$ reputation1 to :i* *ildr5 or paup] adults are committ$ by ! local au?orities1 city money is appropriat$ on a bus9ess basis4 ,a fix$ sum is paid = ! support ( ea* committ$ p]son1 & ! taxpay]s may "k :at !y are gett+ = _! money4 ,:ile ! city au?orities c n regulate ! exp5ses or sal>ies 9 ^! in/itutions1 !y "k t ! city is pay+ = a specific s]vice & t ! "w is p]=m$4 ,t x might be done bett] or m *eaply ne$ n conc]n !m4 ,b to ! in/itutions & societies t d n und]take to support dep5d5t p]sons1 b engage 9 indiscrim9ate *>itable "w1 ! giv+ ( city money is z d\btful a me?od ( reliev+ ! des]v+ poor z ?r[+ co9 9 ! /reets4 ,! appropriation ( city money made = #ahii direct to two hundr$ & fifte5 *>itable & correctional in/itutions & societies am\nts to #a1ghd1hdf4 ,! appropriations f ! excise funds to in/itutions t support paup] *ildr5 & adults w slightly exce$ #a1jjj1jjj4 ,! c\nty ( ,new ,york pays to ,/ate & private *>itable in/itutions = ! same p]iod ! sum ( #aah1fhb2 ,k+s ,c\nty1 #hb1ffi2 & ,ri*mond ,c\nty1 #d1hde2 all ( :i* comes out ( ! g5]al treasury4 ,! money receiv$ = lic5ses = !at]s1 conc]t & music halls1 am\nt+ to #ej1jjj a ye>1 is divid$ among eighty-two private societies & in/itutions4 ,?is makes an aggregate ( #c1jjj1jjj paid out ( ! city treasury annually & exp5d$ "u ! direction ( private organizations4 ,) ! exception ( less ?an #ajj1jjj x is all appropriat$ "u ! provisions ( special acts ( ! ,legislature1 or sections ( ! city *>t]1 & ! city (fic]s h no control :atev] ov] ! me?ods ( exp5diture or ! "w und]tak5 by ! societies t receive ! money4 ,"u su* a sy/em ! possibilities = abuse ( public *>ity are well-nigh unlimit$4 ,^! direct appropriations ( money d n repres5t all ( ! city's contribution to ! cause ( *>ity4 ,! prop]ty ( all ! *>itable in/itutions & societies is exempt f taxation & f assessm5ts = public improvem5ts4 ,! tax commission]s report t ! assess$ value ( ! prop]ty ( su* organizations is #gj1gha1iij4 ,at ! pres5t rate ( taxation ?is means a loss to ! city ( m ?an #a1djj1jjj a ye>4 ,! assessm5ts ^u ! same prop]ty = public improvem5ts exce$ #ajj1jjj a ye>1 :i* is paid by ! city4 ,^! exemptions mat]ially affect ! tax rate z well z ! bond$ indebt$ness & annual int]e/ *>ges ( ! city1 s t ! ye>ly contribution ( ! taxpay]s ( ,new ,york to *>ity is ne>ly if n q #g1jjj1jjj1 or ab\t fifte5 p] c5t ( ! direct exp5ses ( ! city gov]nm5t4 ,"s figures f ! budget = #ahii w %[ ! relative co/ ( c>+ = ! poor4 ,! city w pay = public education #ac1jdj1jeb2 = police1 #aa1gig1eif2 = ! fire dep>tm5t1 #d1ddc1ffd2 = ! heal? dep>tm5t1 #a1aaj1ech2 = light+1 #b1jjj1jjj2 = wat]1 #a1dej1hag2 = clean+ ! /reets1 #d1ege1hjj2 = p>ks1 #a1gbi1bce2 = pav+ & repav+ /reets1 #b1ebj1jii2 & = *>ity direct & indirect1 #g1jjj1jjj4 ,! *ief abuses ( ! pres5t sy/em ( public *>ity are ! extravagant exp5ditures = sal>ies & ! /eady & rapid increase ( paup]ism due to ! misdirect$ ef=ts ( ! inexp]i5c$ p]sons :o control s _m ( ! small] societies t receive city money4 ,"o ( ! olde/ & mo/ important *>itable organizations 9 ! city is ! ,*ildr5's ,aid ,society4 ,! report ( ! treasur] = #ahih %[s ! foll[+ exp5ditures3 ,indu/rial s*ools-- ,sal>ies ( sup]9t5d5t & tea*]s #ajf1bfe4ga ,r5t ( s*oolrooms #e1aai4bf ,books & s*ool supplies #e1agh4ed ,provisions #h1eji4gj ,clo?+ & special relief #e1eab4ef ,fuel1 gas1 repairs1 etc4 #bj1dig4hh --------- ,sick ,*ildr5's ,mission #fee4dh ,*ildr5's ,summ] ,home #i1dje4cg ,heal? ,home #h1cjg4de ,f>m = ,boys--,summ] ,*>ities #b1gai4ei ,brace ,memorial ,lodg+ ,h\se #ab1iad4ac ,elizabe? ,home = ,girls #aj1cff4cc ,tompk9s ,squ>e ,lodg+ ,h\se #g1edf4ch ,we/ ,side ,lodg+ ,h\se #i1jgi4bf ,ea/ ,side ,lodg+ ,h\se #a1hdh4jf ,=ty f\r? ,/reet ,lodg+ ,h\se #g1idh4ef ,fogg ,lodg+ ,h\se #a1idb4bf ,brace ,f>m ,s*ool #ab1aej4fd ,read+ rooms #djb4if ,m$ical exam9ations #cab4jj ,sal>ies1 executive (fic]s #h1fei4ib ,immigration1 f>es1 food1 clo?+1 etc4 #cj1afb4fi ,re9ve/m5t1 bonds sold #bi1ijb4ej ,am\nt due treasur]1 ,novemb] #a1 #ahih #dce4ga ,pr9t+1 /ation]y1 c> f>es1 & incid5tal exp5ses #c1eea4he -------- #cji1cid4gi ,?is %[s a total sal>y acc\nt ( #aad1ibe4fc1 or ab\t ?irty-sev5 p] c5t ( ! exp5diture4 ,! society receiv$ f ! city #ajj1gfd1 & f g5]al subscriptions & donations #aai1gfh4 ,! balance ( ! income 0 d]iv$ f legacies1 end[m5ts1 special tru/ funds1 & sale ( bonds4 ,"o ( ! private in/itutions 9 ! city = ! in/ruction ( deaf-mutes receives city1 ,/ate1 & c\nty pupils "u ! provisions ( special acts ( ! ,legislature4 ,! report ( ! treasur] = ! fiscal ye> end+ ,septemb] #cj1 #ahih1 %[s ! foll[+ receipts3 ,balance on h&1 ,octob] #a1 #ahig #b1hhe4jc ,new ,york ,/ate #dd1baf4gd ,new ,york ,c\nty #bg1agi4ed ,k+s ,c\nty #ab1fig4je ,que5s ,c\nty #a1bag4ai ,we/*e/] ,c\nty #a1jfj4id ,v>i\s o!r c\nties #b1gbg4jb ,pay+ pupils #gia4ge ,donations #aa1ged4df ,all o!r s\rces #fac4hi -------- #aje1adc4fa ,! exp5ditures = ! same p]iod 7 #ajb1egj4fd1 ( :i* #cc1fac4ef 0 = sal>ies & wages4 ,?is is a private in/itution exempt f city or ,/ate control1 subject to no gov]nm5tal sup]vision except exam9ation by ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,*>ities1 yet n9ety p] c5t ( its income is public money1 & almo/ "o ?ird ( ! co/ ( ma9t5ance is *>g$ to sal>ies & wages4 ,^! two cases are m5tion$ n 9 criticism ( ! "w or me?ods ( ! in/itutions1 b z repres5t+ a fair av]age ( ! sal>y acc\nt ( all ! l>g] private *>itable societies4 ,!y also fairly repres5t ! two extremes 9 ! s\rce ( _! income1 "o receiv+ n9ety p] c5t ( public money1 ! o!r a little m ?an ?irty p] c5t4 ,rec5t inve/igations conduct$ by ! city comptroll] & supplem5t$ by ! ag5ts ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,*>ities disclose abuses 9 ! exp5diture ( public money by c]ta9 small societies s flagrant t ! appropriations = ! curr5t ye> h be5 )held4 ,9 ^! cases ! sal>y acc\nt 0 always ! *ief exp5diture1 b x 0 also discov]$ t :atev] relief got beyond ! headqu>t]s ( ! societies w5t to pr(essional begg>s1 :o _h no difficulty 9 deceiv+ ! p]sons 9 *>ge4 ,x 0 f\nd t p]sons 9 good heal? _h liv$ com=tably = mon?s1 p]haps = ye>s1 on public *>ity disp5s$ ?r\gh private organizations4 ,^! pr(essional begg>s w\ld obta9 food at "o place1 clo?+ at ano!r1 coal at a ?ird1 small sums ( money f all ?ree p]haps1 !n rev]se ! ord] ( application or appeal to new] organizations if detection ?reat5$4 ,relief 0 ext5d$ 9 _m in/ances ) little or no ef=t on ! "p ( ! societies to asc]ta9 ! m]its ( a case or ! hone/y ( an applicant4 ,"o small society 0 f\nd to h exp5d$ practically all ( ! money receiv$ f ! city 9 ! paym5t ( ! liv+ exp5ses ( ! p]son :o _h ! entire managem5t ( ! organization4 ,! *>itable "w ( a ye> consi/$ 9 ! di/ribution ( a small quantity ( ca/-(f clo?+ & a few bu%els ( potatoes4 ,! reports ( ! society conta9$ ! names ( directors :o _h nev] s]v$ & knew no?+ ( ! true condition ( ! organization4 ,!y _h m]ely cons5t$ t _! names might be us$ z a gu>antee ( reliability & to aid 9 ! "w ( solicit+ contributions4 ,"o case has be5 f\nd :]e a "m & daught] liv$ com=tably by sell+ coal giv5 to !m by *>itable societies4 ,"o private in/itution1 n[ aboli%$1 bo>d$ committ$ *ildr5 & receiv$ two doll>s a week f ! city = ea* *ild4 ,! *ildr5 7 f$ on fi% & potatoes at a co/ ( =ty-f\r c5ts ea* p] week4 ,aft] ^! facts 7 discov]$ ! city au?orities c\ld n remove ! *ildr5 until ! ,bo>d ( ,heal? condemn$ & clos$ ! build+ "u ! provisions ( ! sanit>y code4 ,! m9or abuses 9 ! way ( aid+ undes]v+ p]sons ext5d to ne>ly all ! private societies t receive city money4 ,^? t ex]cise c>e & h be5 long e/abli%$ are (t5 deceiv$ by pr(essional begg>s4 ,aft] 8 inve/igation ( ! subject ! city comptroll] e/abli%$ 9 8 (fice a bureau ( exam9ation = ! purpose ( plac+ a *eck on ! _m small societies t indulge 9 indiscrim9ate *>ity at ! exp5se ( ! city1 b he soon f\nd t he 0 p[]less to correct all abuses4 ,! pres5t condition c n be correct$ & public *>ity plac$ ^u a practical basis & limit$ to ! real necessities ( ! des]v+ poor until ! city gov]nm5t beg9s to deal ) ea* society & in/itution ^u its m]its4 ,*anges & re=ms to ! pres5t sy/em w come 9 "t1 b progress w be sl[ because *>ity is a valid excuse at ! b> ( public op9ion = ! reckless exp5diture ( city money1 & = t reason x appeals /rongly to ! av]age politician & lawmak]4 ,*>ity w cov] ) a mantle ( comm5dation a multitude ( abuses & crave p>don = gross frauds4 ,x is ! pa/ime ( ! ri* & _! gratuity to ! poor4 ,! magic ( ! ^w seems to move a ,legislature & op5 ! treasure vaults ( city & ,/ate4 ,,alaska ,,& ,,! ,,klondike4 ,a ,,j\rney ,,to ,,! ,,new ,,eldorado4 ,,by ,,angelo ,,heilpr91 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,geology ,,at ,,! ,,academy ,,( ,,natural ,,sci5ces ,,( ,,philadelphia1 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,geographical ,,society ,,( ,,london4 ,,ii4--,,san ,,francisco ,,( ,,! ,,nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dawson ,,& ,,klondike ,,city 7,,s\? ,,dawson7 ,,9 ,,septemb]1 #ahih4 ,a fir/ impression ( ,dawson1 9 ,augu/1 #ahih1 c\ld n be o!r ?an "o calculat$ to br+ up comp>isons ) /range & =eign l&s4 ,z we saw x1 approa*+ f ! wat] side1 x p]si/5tly sugge/$ ! banks ( ! ,yang-tse-kiang1 or ( "s o!r ,*9ese riv]1 on :i* a d5sely apportion$ population _h settl$4 ,hundr$s--"o is almo/ tempt$ to say ?\s&s--( boats 7 l9$ up aga9/ ! riv] front1 & s pack$ 9 r[s back ( "o ano!r t exit f ! inn] l9e 0 made possible only by a passive accommodation f ! outside4 ,!re 7 /eam craft1 h\se-boats1 sc[s1 & a v>iety ( m9or bottoms1 rang+ f ! hay-pack$ raft to ! graceful ,pet]boro canoe4 ,_m _h canvas spread ov] !m1 giv+ h\se qu>t] to ^? :o pref]r$ ! economy ( an own$ e/ate to ! high-pric$ cab9s ( log huts & hotels1 & ! purity ( ! op5 air to :at 0 at lea/ consid]$ to be ! pollut$ atmosph]e ( ! /able city4 ,x w\ld be f> f ! tru? to assume t ?is float+ population 0 compos$ exclusively ( m51 wom51 & *ildr52 !re 7 dogs galore1 abundant by bo? pres5ce & voice1 horses & mules1 & an occasional goat betray$ itself mun*+ among hay-packs & ! usual comb9ation ( simple & h>d ?+s :i* make up goat food4 ,"o canvas bore ! tempt+ inscription ,hot & ,cold ,riv] ,ba?s1 sev]al c>ri$ leg5ds ( v>i\sly designat$ laundries1 & a few ev5 invit$ to ,bo>d & ,lodg+1 ,*eap4 ,( c\rse1 ! ^w *eap _h "h a special etymologic significance1 & bore little relation to ! same =m ( ^w :i* is curr5t 9 lexicons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"s ,,mud ,,9 ,,! ,,ma9 ,,/reet--,,fir/ ,,av5ue4 ,! fir/ favorable impression ( dry l& 9 ,dawson 0 temp]$ by a k t ev5 "h 7 _m moi/ spots4 ,! mud lay 9 great pools along ! ma9 /reet--,fir/ ,av5ue or ,front ,/reet--b h>dly 9 suffici5t dep? to make walk+ dang]\s4 ,dogs & goats c\ld alone dr[n 9 x4 ,x is true t an occasional wad+ burro or ev5 a mule w\ld f9d a dang]\sly l[ level1 b ,i am n aw>e t any 9 ?is condition _h add$ to a li/ ( s]i\s casualties4 ,no m5tion is made 9 ?is connection ( cats1 =1 9 tru?1 only two specim5s ( ! fel9e family _h up to ?is "t rea*$ ,dawson--"o1 a blue-ribbon$ kitt51 :i* 0 ende>+ly receiv$ z ! mascot ( ! ,yukon ,m9+ ,ex*ange4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ma9 ,,/reet ,,9 ,a ,,spr+ ,,fre%et4 ,! ,dawsonites are n entirely oblivi\s to ! discom=ts ( mud1 = an ef=t is be+ made to block x out ) sawdu/1 ( :i* ! ?ree or f\r sawmills 9 ! t[n furni% a goodly supply4 ,9 "s p>ts a r\gh corduroy has be5 attempt$1 b ! price ( lumb]1 two hundr$ doll>s p] ?\s& l9e> feet1 r5d]s ?is =m ( con/ruction too exp5sive = g5]al use1 especially 9 a community all ( ^: memb]s1 female z well z male1 are prep>$ to /em ! tide ) high-top boots4 ,ab\t "o half ! /reet l5g? %[s ! pret5se ( wood5 sidewalks1 b no "o has yet recogniz$ a special responsibility = repairs1 or seem+ly consid]$ t a cont9u\s walk requires a cont9u\s support4 ,walk+ is a succession ( ups & d[ns2 bo>ds are miss+ "h1 o!r are sma%$ else:]e1 & ! :ole walk gives ! impression ( hav+ be5 9 exi/5ce = c5turies r ?an = ! p]iod ( a %ort twelvemon?4 ,x 0 n difficult to det]m9e :at1 p]haps1 ! majority ( ! sixte5 ?\s& inhabitants ( ,dawson 7 do+ at ! "t ( our arrival4 ,!y 7 simply loit]+1 & ! /reets 7 pack$ ) humanity4 ,?is 0 n /range1 ei!r1 = x mu/ h be5 difficult to resi/ ! enjoym5t ( t op5 sun%9e1 t s(t1 w>m atmosph]e :i* is ! delight ( ! summ] climate ( ! f> ,nor?4 ,nev] _h ,i exp]i5c$ any?+ comp>able1 & o!rs :o _h travel$ mu* agre$ ) my exp]i5ce4 ,on my way to ! hotel1 ! ,fair ,view1 :i* _h be5 /rongly recomm5d$ = its cuis9e & ! circum/ance t x 0 br& new 9 its appo9tm5ts--hav+ only come into exi/5ce a few days be=e--,i caught a good g5]al glimpse ( ! t[n1 ! dom9ant features ( :i* 7 regi/]$ 9 ! two sides ( ! ma9 ?or\ghf>e along ! riv] front4 ,a ne>ly cont9u\s r[ ( "o-/ory1 or at ! utmo/ two-/ory1 frame %acks or boo?s1 _m ( !m /ill 9 canvas =m1 & mo/ ( !m support$ ov] ! riv]'s bank by pile propp+s1 built up ! riv] side ( ?is ,fir/ ,av5ue4 ,all mann] ( articles1 bo? s]viceable & uns]viceable1 = ! ,klondike bus9ess 7 display$1 mo/ly 9 cramp$ qu>t]s4 ,! v>iety ( ?+s t _h 9 s brief a p]iod f\nd _! way to ?is region 0 truly a/oni%+1 & "o m>vel$ at ! m5tal +5uity :i* spirit$ "s ( ^! articles to a *amp de v5te4 ,surely no?+ b manife/ de/9y c\ld h plac$ a mammo?'s mol> on sale = a hundr$ doll>s1 :5 x 0 ?\ght t a p]iod ( />vation 0 reign+ 9 ! t[n4 ,& yet almo/ alongside ( x 7 po/]s ann\nc+ t f\r loaves ( bread c\ld be pur*as$ = "o doll>--9 ano!r place six loves = ! same price--& t half an ounce ( gold du/1 ! equival5t ( eight doll>s1 w\ld ga9 admission to ! be/ seat witness+ a box+ & wre/l+ conte/4 ,9 addition to ! boo?s do+ a regul> m]*&ise bus9ess1 !re 7 ^? ^: ma/]s m9i/]$ to a specialty--druggi/s & doctors1 photograph]s1 auctione]s1 & brok]s ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,b>tlett ,bros41 ,pack]s s]v$ ! inn] core ( ! gold regions by means ( long tra9s ( pack-mules1 b !y 7 n ! only ones to :om ! c>gador 0 an (fic] militant4 ,dog teams !re 7 z well z mule teams1 & ! maje/y ( ! law 0 h>dly consid]$ invad$ :5 ! =m] effect$ a junction ) man 9 ! capacity ( common c>ri]s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ sights 0 to me ! l>ge numb] ( lett]s await+ own]%ip :i* 7 tack$ up to ! fronts & sides ( diff]5t build+s1 9 ! mo/ public way petition+ = rapid deliv]y4 ,my fir/ lett] 9 ,dawson 0 obta9$ by /ripp+ x f a door-jamb1 b x 0 ?ree weeks be=e my att5tion _h be5 direct$ to x by a fri5dly discov]]4 ,to obta9 any?+ f ! po/ (fice 0 a mo/ exhau/ive process1 & usually requir$ a long wait1 sometimes ( a day1 or ev5 ( two days1 be=e entry c\ld be obta9$ into ! small room :]e ! sort+1 di/ribution1 & disp5sation ( mail matt] 7 be+ effect$4 ,ev5 :5 f9ally issu$1 ?is matt] 0 usually ( sev]al weeks' antiquity ( arrival1 ! sort+ ( tons ( sub/ance be+ mu* beyond ! capacity ( ! few (ficial h&s t 7 engag$ 9 ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dog-,,team ,,express--,,dawson4 ,by f> ! mo/ impos+ side ( ! /reet 0 t :i* fac$ ! riv]4 ,"h1 at lea/1 7 real build+s4 ,! /ately depots ( ! ,alaska ,comm]cial & ,nor? ,am]ica ,trad+ & ,transportation ,companies1 ) _! out] cas+ ( corrugat$ iron1 w\ld h done cr$it to a t[n ( l>g] capacity ?an ,dawson1 & 9 regions mu* m accessible to civilization ?an ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory4 ,f>!r on1 ! signs ( a numb] ( well-built saloons--,! ,dom9ion1 ,! ,pione]1 etc4--attract att5tion1 n by ! supposition t !y are alone 9 ! bus9ess1 s9ce !y are support$ by probably n less ?an two or ?ree score o!rs ( _! k9d1 b by _! specially di/9ctive int]iors2 "o ( ^! is embelli%$ inside by a s]ies ( f\r mural decorations 9 oil or di/emp]1 repres5t+ a range ( subject f ,morro ,ca/le1 ,havana1 to a ,moonlight on ! ,yukon1 = :i* a resid5t arti/ ( promise1 ^: "w 0 done 9 an op5 lot1 receiv$ ! h&some comp5sation ( eight hundr$ doll>s4 ,!y 7 befitt+ ! place :i* !y grac$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,junction ,,( ,,! ,,klondike ,,) ,,! ,,yukon4 ,a m intimate acqua9tance ) ^! saloons made x pla9 t !y 7 patroniz$ bo? = ! dr9ks :i* 7 sold ov] ! b> = fifty c5ts or m & = ! gam+ tables :i* 9 op5 evid5ce betray$ a surpass+ly /rong int]e/ 9 f>o1 r\ge et noir1 & r\lette4 ,cr[ds 7 wat*+ ! =tunes ( ! play at e turn4 ,f ! front entrance q to ! re> "s ( ! m favor$ halls 7 pack$1 b ) an elem5t t seem$ little dispos$ to di/urbance ( any k9d4 ,:ile ! dr9k+ ( spiritu\s liquors is v l>gely indulg$ 91 ,i believe t dur+ all my /ay 9 ,dawson only ?ree cases ( obtrusive drunk5ness 7 br\ght to my att5tion2 & ( riotism my exp]i5ce 0 :olly negative4 ,life & prop]ty are consid]$ safe ev5 9 ! mo/ d\btful e/abli%m5ts1 & x is n uncommon = a man to pass h\rs 9 a cr[d$ dance hall ) virtually all 8 possessions1 possibly a few hundr$ doll>s1 or x may be ?\s&s1 c>ri$ 9 ! =m ( gold du/ 9 8 tr\s]s pockets4 ,two ma9 factors are involv$ 9 ?is condition ( security or 9 ! feel+ t x exi/s4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is1 p]haps1 a :olesome dread ( ! ,canadian ,m\nt$ ,police1 ^: effici5cy 9 ! direction ( controll+ ord] is conc$$ by e "o2 & ! second1 ! circum/ance t ! inhabitants ( ,dawson & ( ! adjo9+ ,klondike region are n1 z is s l>gely suppos$1 a m]e assortm5t ( r\gh prospectors1 int5t ^u do+ any?+ = ! sake ( acquir+ gold1 b a fair repres5tation ( good & indiff]5t elem5ts borr[$ f all pr(essions & /ations ( life1 & n f "o c\ntry alone1 b f ne>ly all p>ts ( ! civiliz$ globe4 ,dur+ my brief /ay ,i /umbl$ ^u c\nts1 sirs1 milit>y & naval (fic]s1 sci5ti/s1 lawy]s1 newspap] m51 promot]s1 & o!rs ( broad & lib]al /&+2 & if "s ( ^! 7 undi/+ui%able 9 ext]nal g>b f _! bre?r5 9 mu/>d-color$ mack9aws ^: sole res\rce 0 digg+ = gold1 _! poli%$ & intellectual me?od 0 evid5ce en\gh t civilization 0 pres5t 9 good quantity along ! upp] ,yukon4 ,! fact t !re are ?ree weekly newspap]s publi%$ 9 ,dawson--! ,nugget1 ,midnight ,sun1 & ,dawson ,m9]1 ! fir/ two sell+ = fifty c5ts a copy & ! la/ = tw5ty-five c5ts--c h>dly be consid]$ to prove ?is condition1 al?\gh favor+ x2 =1 ?\gh ! sub/ance & especially ! typography ( ! j\rnals are q good1 ! dem& = read+ matt] is su* t almo/ any?+ c\ld realize a subscription li/4 ,! long-belat$ ,new ,york j\rnals seem to comm& a /eady sale on ! news /&s1 :]e "o also sees display$ ! small & 79 our c\ntry7 gratuit\sly di/ribut$ sc5ic book ( ! transcont95tal railways put up = fifty c5ts4 ,! ,argosy1 ,/r&1 ,munsey's1 & ,cosmopolitan 7 ! rul+ magaz9es dur+ my visit1 & ea* ( ^! c\ld be _h = sev5ty-five c5ts a numb]4 ,regretfully mu/ x be said t ! female portion ( ! population does n su/a9 ! male ei!r 9 "* or div]sity4 ,i tri$ 9 v>i\s ways to asc]ta9 ! numb] ( wom5 :o repres5t$ ! community1 b fail$ to obta9 a satisfactory acc\nt+4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ^? :o are 9 evid5ce1 & p]haps ev5 by f> ! great] numb]1 belong to ! r$ ari/ocracy1 or at lea/ to t side :]e /eady pr9ciples are treat$ ) little consid]ation & respect4 ,i use ! ^w ari/ocracy advis$ly1 = x is a notori\s fact t an am\nt ( def]5ce is paid to ^! creatures ( %ame :i* is n giv5 to ! virtu\s or self-respect+ woman2 & t !y !mselves1 recogniz+ _! /&+1 are apt to look d[n ^u ! re/ ( _! k91 & to ev5 "q _! prop] privileges4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! broadly capaci\s ,second ,av5ue1 toge!r ) equally conspicu\s sections ( ! t[n else:]e1 is giv5 up to ! public display ( ! inmates ( neatly con/ruct$ log cab9s be>+ su* devices z ,s>atoga1 ,bon-,ton1 ,! ,lucky ,cig> ,/ore1 ,gre5 ,tree1 etc4 ,! numb] ( op5 h\ses is probably less ?an 9 mo/ m9+ camps1 & f> bel[ :at x is 9 "s places4 ,9 def]5ce to a dem& tax ( fifty doll>s1 levi$ on ea* memb] ( ! pr(ession to pay "p co/s ( two fire eng9es :i* _h be5 br\ght to ! t[n1 !re 0 a response ( only sixty-n9e1 & ?is 0 consid]$ a suffici5tly close repres5tation n to press ! matt] any fur!r4 ,a community ( ?is k9d mu/ necess>ily h its dance halls & places ( amusem5t4 ,! latt] consi/$ at ! "t ( my arrival ( f\r !atres or op]a h\ses--! ,comb9ation1 ,monte ,c>lo1 ,mascot1 & ,pavilion1 two ( :i* susp5d$ or clos$ up be=e ! season _h fairly op5$4 ,ord9>ily1 ! price ( a dr9k at ! b> ( entrance paid = admission to ! p]=mance ) seat1 & _m w agree ) me 9 believ+ t ! admission 0 fully paid4 ,! act+ ne$ n be worse at any !at]1 & ! s++ c\ld h>dly be surpass$ 9 its ecc5tricities2 yet ! p]=mances appe>$ to satisfy a g5]al dem&1 z ord9>ily ! h\ses 7 pack$ to _! full capacity ev5+ aft] ev5+4 ,ne$less is x to say t ! p]=mances are n int5d$ = wom5 9 good /&+1 & few su* are ev] pres5t1 unless heavily scre5$ beh9d ! curta9s ( ! boxes4 ,! plays are all ( a l[ ord]1 b ! wor/ is n mu* worse ?an "s ( ! plays t are tol]at$ 9 all _! na/9ess 9 "s ( our own legitimate !at]s4 ,x is s+ul> & int]e/+ z %[+ ! influ5ce ( necessity t a sacr$ ,sunday conc]t 9 aid ( ! fire dep>tm5t 0 successfully c>ri$ ?r\gh 9 ! capaci\s halls ( "o ( ! mo/ notori\s danc+ resorts4 ,!re are n[ two banks 9 ,dawson--! ,bank ( ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica & ! ,canadian ,bank ( ,comm]ce4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,augu/ ! fir/ ( ^! 0 /ill h\s$ 9 a t5t1 & be=e ! end ( ! mon? a /ately wood5 /ructure ) flag/aff1 & ) commodi\s qu>t]s = ! repres5t+ (fic]s & acc\ntants1 gave dignity to ! in/itution1 :ile x l5t /yle to ! corn] ^u :i* x 0 erect$4 ,adjo9+ x n[ is ! ar*itecturally mo/ impos+ b by no means l>ge/ build+ 9 ,dawson--! ?ree-/ori$1 b[-w9d[$ log cab9 ( ,alex&] ,mc,donald1 ! recogniz$ ,k+ ( ! ,klondike--int5d$ prim>ily z an (fice build+4 ,x is a truly f9e expression ( ! art ( log-cab9 build+4 ,9 _m ways "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ build+s1 if su* x c be call$1 0 ! air space1 ) canvas top1 :i* adjo9$ "o ( ! !at]s & 0 us$ by ,signor ,g&olfo = a fruit /ore4 ,!re 0 no ar*itectural quality to comm5d ?is space2 nor1 inde$1 0 !re any?+ else 9 its favor1 except t x 0 9 ! "r place & br\ght bo? lessor & lessee =tunes4 ,= ! privileges ( ?is space ( five feet wid? ! occupant paid ! h&some r5tal ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty doll>s a mon?1 or tw5ty-f\r doll>s p] s+le foot ( frontage2 8 pr(its 71 h[ev]1 su* z to ju/ify ?is paym5t1 & be=e leav+ he confid$ to me 8 plan ( r5t+ "o half ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,conceive ( ! "* ( a /ore five feet wide1 ! opposite sides ( :i* are devot$ to q di/9ct int]e/s6 ,o!r sites r5t = v little less1 & ! s+ul> "p ( x is t mu* ( ! r5tal goes to ! pockets ( c]ta9 assum$ own]s1 ^: actual rights are l>gely 9 ! nature ( a grab or ( squatt] sov]eignty alone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arrival ,,( ,,! ,,susie ,,f ,,d[n ,,! ,,riv]4 ,dawson ext5ds up ! riv] = ab\t two miles1 virtually coalesc+ ) & tak+ 9 :at has be5 euphoni\sly call$ ,l\set[n & also ,klondike ,city4 ,^! m s\!rly p>ts c>ry ) !m c]ta9 *>act]i/ics :i* are ei!r want+ 9 ! ma9 city or are !re b feebly repres5t$4 ,! closely pack$ t5ts rem9d "o ( an army ga!r+ or ( ! furniture ( "s religi\s camp meet+2 walk+ betwe5 !m might almo/ be consid]$ to be a bran* ( navigation4 ,inscriptions on ! canvas tell u ( c]ta9 bro!rs f ,/4 ,l\is be+ occupants "h1 & ( ! ,jolly ,f\r f---- occupants else:]e4 ,repres5tatives ( ! press1 physicians1 & attorneys all h _! inscriptions4 ,b ! mo/ int]e/+ con/ructions1 picturesque z mu* z !y are in/ructive1 are ! elevat$ plat=m ca*es1 dim9utive log cab9s1 :i* on high /ilts /ore a multitude ( articles 9 safe keep+ & beyond rea* ( ! army ( hungry dogs :i* are ev]y:]e pr[l+ ab\t & c>\s+ ^u all mann] ( odds & ends4 ,_! appe>ance1 especially :]e !y are plac$ among trees & bu%es1 is su* t ! obs]v] c h>dly resi/ ! feel+ t he is travel+ 9 a region ( primitive pile-dwell+s--x may be ! int]ior ( ,new ,gu9ea or ! =e/ tract ( "o ( ! ,guianas4 ,dawson1 :i* n[ owns ! "r to celebrate its ?ird anniv]s>y1 is de/9$ be=e long to assume a mod]n g>b4 ,x already has its electric plant1 & be=e _m mon?s h pass$ electric illum9ation w lift ! burd5 ( ! d>k w9t] night4 ,x is believ$1 too1 t an electric railroad = freight & pass5g] s]vice w be con/ruct$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t ye> into ! he>t ( ! adjo9+ gold region4 ,! tiresome acc\nts ( bad trails w !n be a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,9 its bus9ess aspects ,dawson does n mat]ially diff] f ! majority ( ! boom t[ns ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?\gh ( c\rse x has its peculi>ities4 ,9 ! p]iod ( little m ?an a ye> x has ga!r$ to itself1 besides ! usual class ( m]*ants1 repres5tatives ( a numb] ( pr(essions1 su* z doctors1 lawy]s1 *emi/s1 & assay]s1 mo/ ( :om1 especially ( ! fir/ two classes1 appe>$ to be do+ at lea/ fairly well4 ,m9e brok]s1 or simply v5d]s ( claims1 are num]\s1 b _! s]vice does n 9 mo/ cases su/a9 confid5ce2 ! display ( po/]s ann\nc+ bonanzas 9 m9+ prop]ties may be effective at times1 b ord9>ily ! inve/or turns ei!r to ! ,m9+ ,ex*ange1 a reasonably well-conduct$ private ent]prise1 or to claim-hold]s on ! gr\nd4 ,! auction ( claims at ! ,ex*ange 0 always l>gely att5d$ at ! times ( my visits1 & ! bidd+ 0 frequ5tly v spirit$4 ,! all[ance ( a "t limit ( t5 days 9 :i* to make an exam9ation ( prop]ties pur*as$ & ( ! titles !reto be=e paym5t1 beyond a =feit ( t5 p] c5t1 0 exact$1 naturally inspir$ confid5ce 9 ! me?od ( ! transaction1 & !re is no "q t a consid]able numb] ( good prop]ties 7 p>t$ ov] ! bo>ds "h1 & ) em95t satisfaction to ! pur*as]s4 ,! practice ( m$ic9e is necess>ily gov]n$ by ! laws :i* are 9 effect 9 ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada1 & x requires ! possession on ! "p ( ! practition] ( a diploma prop]ly accr$it$ f "s recogniz$ college ( m$ic9e 9 ,canada4 ,graduation ) diploma f ! be/ m$ical s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n consid]$ to meet ! requirem5t--nor1 = t matt]1 is ! diploma ( any b a ,briti% s*ool4 ,?is re/riction also applies 9 ! case ( pr(essional tra9$ nurses4 ,a numb] ( cases closely bord]+ on litigation1 & at "o "t ev5 ?reat5+ to br+ ab\t int]national complications1 h aris5 9 connection ) practice violat+ ?is law2 b despite ! ov]:elm+ly l>ge numb] ( =eign]s :o are resid5t 9 ! region1 & :o1 x 0 ?\ght by "s1 _h ! "r to consult practition]s ( _! own nationality or *oice1 !re is n[ a peaceful submission to ! read+ ( ! /atute4 ,! exaction is 9 no way int5d$ to legislate aga9/ =eign]s1 b is simply a provision ( ! ,dom9ion laws1 simil> to t :i* requires a ,dom9ion surveyor :o int5ds do+ (ficial survey "w 9 ,briti% ,columbia to be prop]ly accr$it$ ) a special pap] ( t section ( ,canada 7z di/+ui%$ f ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory1 etc474 ,l ! physicians1 all surveyors giv+ out "w "u _! names mu/ be (ficially lic5s$ f ! ,dom9ion1 al?\gh ^? n ?us c]tificat$ are p]mitt$ to d (fice or field "w = o!rs :o are4 ,a field ( labor t has already be5 ent]$ ^u by wom5 is /5ography & typewrit+4 ,!re has be5 consid]able dem& = ?is k9d ( "w1 & !re w cont9ue to be mu* m1 b x may be d\bt$ if pr(its aris+ f x w ev] equal :at has be5 atta9$ 9 mill9]y & ! sale ( fancy dress goods4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ mill9]s to come out ( ,dawson told me at ,b5nett t %e _h dispos$ ( a hat :i* br\ght h] two hundr$ & eighty doll>s 79 ,april1 #ahih71 & its only ornam5tation 0 two black o/ri* fea!rs6 ,su* prices are to-day a ?+ away 9 ! pa/1 b fur capes or circul>s are /ill m>ketable = ?ree hundr$ doll>s & upw>d4 ,t[>d a m intimate acqua9tance ) ! me?ods & l9es ( bus9ess n[ foll[$ 9 ,dawson we subjo9 a facsimile ( portions ( ! adv]tis+ page ( ! ,yukon ,midnight ,sun1 be>+ date ( ,septemb] #c1 #ahih4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,"p ,,( ,,yukon ,,midnight ,,sun1 ,,septemb] #c1 #ahih4 ,,! ,,negro ,,"q4 ,,by ,j4 ,l4 ,m4 ,,curry1 ,,ll4,d41 ,,g5]al ,,ag5t ,,( ,,! ,,peabody ,,education ,,fund ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,john ,f4 ,,slat] ,,education ,,fund2 ,,late ,,m9i/] ,,to ,,spa94 ,! negro "q is n ( rec5t orig94 ,! ,iliad ( our woes began 9 #afbj1 :5 negroes 7 fir/ br\ght to ! colony ( ,virg9ia & sold z slaves4 ,slav]y ant$ates hi/ory4 ,! traffic ( ,europeans 9 negroes exi/$ a half c5tury be=e ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4 ,! v ye> 9 :i* ,*>les ,v sail$ ) a p[]ful exp$ition aga9/ ,tunis to *eck ! piracies ( ! ,b>b>y /ates1 & to emancipate enslav$ ,*ri/ians 9 ,africa1 he gave an op5 legal sanction to ! ,african slave trade4 ,:5 indep5d5ce 0 decl>$ 9 #aggf all ! colonies held slaves4 ,slav]y1 said ! late ,s5ator ,+alls1 disappe>$ f ! ,nor!rn ,/ates by ! op]ation ( social1 economic1 & natural laws1 & ! ,nor? did n f9ally det]m9e to de/roy ?is sy/em until conv9c$ t its cont9uance ?reat5$ n only _! indu/rial indep5d5ce b _! political importance4 ,9 c\rse ( ye>s ! peculi> in/itution assum$ a sectional "*4 ,! w> betwe5 ! ,/ates precipitat$ a crisis4 ,presid5t ,l9coln began !n ! "w ( emancipation4 ,z comm&]-9-*ief ( ! army & navy 9 "t ( w>1 ,i suppose ,i h ! "r to take any measure :i* may be/ subdue ! enemy4444 ,i view ! measure ! ,proclamation z a practical w> measure accord+ to ! advantages or disadvantages x w (f] to ! suppression ( ! rebellion4 ,s5ator ,+alls's te/imony is z foll[s3 ,x may be admitt$ t ! emancipation ( ! slaves 0 n contemplat$ by any consid]able portion ( ! ,am]ican p :5 ! w> = ! ,union began1 & x 0 n br\ght to pass until ! =tunes ( w> became desp]ate1 & 0 !n ju/ifi$ & def5d$ ^u ! plea ( milit>y necessity4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates ratifi$ ! am5dm5ts to ! ,con/itution "u p5alty ( o!rwise rema9+ out ( ! ,union & 9 political & milit>y vassalage4 ,! abolition ( slav]y has ! ass5t ( all sane m54 ,ap>t f e?ical consid]ations1 ! subjection ( ! w1 ?\ght1 or labor ( a mature human be+ to ! :im1 caprice1 or legal "r ( ano!r is a gross political & economical blund]1 unwise & indef5sible4 ,aft] emancipation came citiz5%ip & enfran*isem5t ( ! fre$m51 & ! punitive measures ( recon/ruction1 :i* 7 ! outcome ( hatr$1 rev5ge1 desire = p>ty asc5d5cy1 & :i* no good man c n[ approve4 ,no conqu]+ nation ev] inflict$ on a conqu]$ p m cruel inju/ice ?an ! disfran*isem5t ( ! mo/ capable citiz5s & ! enfran*isem5t ( lib]at$ slaves4 ,c]ta9 great civil rights are ! necess>y & prop] consequ5ces ( fre$om4 ,suffrage is n a natural "r1 nor a legal1 political1 or g5]al result ( fre$om or citiz5%ip4 ,! l>ge majority ( citiz5s d n & c n vote4 ,! lib]ation ( millions ( slaves 0 ! mo/ gigantic &1 9 itself1 "o ( ! mo/ b5efic5t acts ( ?is c5tury4 ,no?+ is comp>able to x z a triumph ( ! inali5able rights ( man4 ,humanity & ju/ice dem&$ emancipation4 ,re-enslavem5t no "o proposes or desires4 ,all w\ld rejoice 9 ! prosp]ity & progress ( ! ,afro-,am]ican1 b ) fre$om came citiz5%ip & suffrage1 & ^! revolutioniz$ our ,gov]nm5t4 ,elem5ts undream$ ( 7 introduc$ z con/itu5ts4 ,:5 ! ,con/itution & ! result+ ,union 7 =m$1 su* a citiz5%ip ) fran*ise 0 n propos$1 & if propos$ w\ld n h be5 li/5$ to = a mom5t4 ,! mo/ infatuat$ negrophili/ w\ld n /ultify himself by ass]t+ t ! ,union ( ,/ates w\ld or c\ld h be5 consummat$ ) ! pres5t incongru\s1 het]og5e\s citiz5%ip4 ,f ^! & o!r facts has be5 evolv$ :at has be5 call$ ! negro problem4 ,9 ! discussion1 x is be/ to elim9ate all extrane\s consid]ations1 all issues :i*1 z ! lawy]s say1 are dehors ! record4 ,gov]nm5t is a v practical bus9ess4 ,! end is ! secur+ & pres]v+ ! peace1 safety1 & well-be+ ( ! ,/ate4 ,civil gov]nm5t has no mission ( g5]al philan?ropy4 ,?is problem1 :ile ( t]rific importance 9 ! ,s\?1 :]e ! black population is p]si/5tly conge/ive1 is n1 9 its ramifications or direct effects1 local or sectional4 ,x affects e community & e section4 ,x is ( p>am\nt national importance1 complex1 & involv+ social1 moral1 & political consid]ations4 ,its gravity c n be exagg]at$4 ,x compels ! att5tion & dem&s all ! res\rces ( patriots1 philan?ropi/s1 /atesm54 ,x ?ru/s itself1 un9vit$ & unwelcom$1 into religi\s & social assemblies & legislative c\ncils4 ,x is p]vasive1 cont9u+1 vital4 ,x is bett] to look x full 9 ! face & give x dispassionate ?\ght4 ,x ne$ sc>cely be said t 9 ?is discussion no ho/ile ref]5ce is made to individuals4 ,"s negroes are m5 ( intellig5ce1 integrity1 patriotism1 & /& on a plane ) our be/ citiz5s 9 virtues & m5tal qualifications4,c ,! gi/ ( ?is cont5tion is n bas$ on special exceptions1 b on ! race 9 ! aggregate4 ,footnote ,c3 ,su* an extraord9>y man z ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton is an honor to any c\ntry & wor?y ( unlimit$ confid5ce & reg>d4 ,we f9d 9 ! ,s\? ! pres5ce ( two di/9ct peoples1 ) irreconcilable racial *>act]i/ics & div]se hi/orical antec$5ts4 ,! ,caucasian & ! negro are n simply unlike1 b !y are contra/$1 & are z f> ap>t z any o!r two races ( human be+s4 ,!y are unassimilable & immiscible )\t rapid deg5]acy4 ,e?nologically !y are ne>ly pol> opposites4 ,) ! ,caucasian progress has be5 upw>d4 ,:atev] is great 9 art1 inv5tion1 lit]ature1 sci5ce1 civilization1 religion1 has *>act]iz$ him4 ,9 8 native l& ! negro has made little or no advancem5t = ne>ly f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,surr\nd$ by & 9 contact ) a high] civilization1 he has n inv5t$ a ma*9e1 nor pa9t$ a picture1 nor writt5 a book1 nor organiz$ a /able gov]nm5t1 nor con/ruct$ a code ( laws4 ,he has n suppress$ ! slave trade1 :i*1 accord+ to rec5t te/imony1 0 nev] m fl\ri%+4 ,he has no monum5ts nor record$ hi/ory4 ,= ?\s&s ( ye>s !re lies beh9d ! race "o dre>y1 unreliev$1 monoton\s *apt] ( ignorance1 nak$ness1 sup]/ition1 savag]y4 ,all ef=ts to reclaim1 civilize1 ,*ri/ianize1 h be5 disa/r\s failures1 except :at has be5 accompli%$ 9 ?is direction 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x ne$ n be disguis$1 = x is ! ev]-pres5t1 indisputable fact1 t :ile !re are alleviations ( ! unpleasantness1 ! relations betwe5 ! negroes & _! co-citiz5s ( ! ,caucasian race are /ra9$ & unsatisfactory4 ,! friction1 ! prejudice1 ! cleavage1 is n betwe5 ,teutonic & ,lat9 on ! "o side & ,semitic on ! o!r1 nor betwe5 ,saxon & ,celt2 x lies deep]1 yields less readily to palliatives & rem$ies1 & seems a matt] ( adju/m5t = ! remote/ future4 ,x may help to und]/& ! situation if we analyze its causes4 ,! great revolution sudd5ly trans=m$ ! cu/oms1 traditions1 & conditions ( ! two races4 ,own]%ip gave way to fre$om2 compulsory & wage-unrew>d$ labor to absolute control ( p]son2 inequality1 inf]iority1 subjection1 to equality 9 ! eye ( ! law2 re/ra9$ locomotion to lic5se ( movem5t2 k9dness1 int]e/ 9 life1 weal?1 & physical welf>e1 to suspicion1 di/ress1 ali5ation4 ,) prop]ty 9 man1 regulat$ & en=c$ by laws 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ma/]1 labor 0 organiz$1 direct$ by intellig5t control to ! developm5t ( agricultural res\rces & to ! build+ up ( a society :i* = ref9em5t ( mann]s1 hospitality1 & adm9i/rative capacity1 has elicit$ praise f dis9t]e/$ travel]s & inve/igators4 ,! negro1 :atev] he may h atta9$ f ! discipl9e ( slav]y1 0 n cultivat$ 9 intellig5ce1 9 manual skill1 9 =e?\ght1 p[] ( initiative1 9 ?rift1 & ! com=ts & graces ( home life4 ,:5 fre$1 _m 7 delud$ by deceptive promises4 ,!y con/ru$ fre$om to mean a division ( prop]ty4 ,release f bondage l$ to intemp]ance & extravagance4 ,accu/om$ to control1 unaccu/om$ to self-reliance1 hav+ o!rs to ?9k1 plan1 buy1 & sell = !m1 to supply wants1 to wat* ov] !m f ! cradle to ! c(f91 _m1 :5 left to !mselves1 rev]t$ to primitive habits1 & became idle & wor?less4 ,slav]y _h curs$ ! ,s\? ) ignorant1 unskill$1 un9v5tive labor4 ,fre$om did n *ange its "*4 ,! w>1 lib]ation ( slaves1 ! sudd5 ext+ui%m5t ( millions ( prop]ty1 bankrupt$ ! ,s\?4 ,subsi/5ce1 recov]y ( means ( liv+1 rehabilitation1 reorganization ( ^? ag5cies1 :i* are1 ) intellig5t "w1 ! *ief means ( ! weal? ( civiliz$ peoples1 became ! fir/ duty aft] ho/ilities ceas$4 ,?is dem&$ /eady1 p]si/5t indu/ry1 ! *ange ( =m] me?ods ( agriculture1 subdivision ( f>ms1 div]sification ( pursuits1 op5+ ( academies & colleges1 & e/abli%m5t ( public s*ools = free & univ]sal education4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! weal? & prosp]ity ( ! ,nor? & ,s\? pres5ts an appall+ picture4 ,naturally1 ! ,s\!rn p 7 9 despair1 & too (t5 !y v5t$ _! dissatisfaction1 _! rage1 ^u ! irresponsible & un(f5d+ negro4 ,slav]y p] se is n conducive to self-re/ra9t ( ! enslav$1 to high e?ical /&>ds1 & ! be/ types ( human life4 ,:5 ! int]e/ & au?ority ( own]s 7 remov$ & =m] religi\s in/ruction 0 crippl$ or )drawn1 ! negroes fell rapidly f :at _h be5 atta9$ 9 slav]y to a /ate ( immorality1 &1 9 "s cases1 to orig9al feti*ism4 ,"s rema9$ immovable 9 _! =m] fai?1 b _m1 especially ( ! y\ng] g5]ation1 ( bo? sexes1 gave pro( ( :at deg5]acy c accompli% 9 a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,x is v common = !m to divorce religion & piety4 ,artificial excitem5t1 passionate emotion1 0 sub/itut$ = a fai? :i* %\ld be ! product ( a k ( & deep rev]5ce = ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! dang] ( do+ h>m1 or inju/ice1 re/ra9s my p5 f disclos+ a mass ( disgu/+ mat]ial :i* c\ld only %ock s5sibilities & /agg] cr$ulity4 ,x is1 besides1 v easy to magnify our own virtues & o!rs' vices4 ,x is a preval5t mode ( religi\sness to rep5t ( o!r p's s9s1 & to get sup]flu\s m]it by %[+ h[ o!rs fall %ort ( our atta9m5ts4 ,l[ell said1 ,ev]ybody has a mission 7) a capital ,m7 to att5d to ev]ybody else's bus9ess1 & to make 8 own :im ! law1 & 8 own range ! horizon ( ! univ]se4 ,we h all read ( ! philan?ropic ,mrs4 ,jelliby neglect+ home & *ildr5 to sweet5 ! lot ( ! unreg5]ate natives ( ,borrioboola ,gha4 ,/ill1 te/imony1 to satisfy ! mo/ skeptical1 c\ld be adduc$ ad nauseam1 f m5 & wom5 do+ educational & mission>y "w among ! color$ p1 to %[ ! deplorable dep?s into :i* multitudes h sunk4 ,"u ! ,recon/ruction ,acts !re 0 a delib]ate1 pr$et]m9$ attempt & purpose to put ! fre$m5 9 control ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! late slaves 7 enfran*is$2 ! be/ class ( :ite m5 7 disfran*is$4 ,! law presumes t a man or a ,/ate int5ds ! logical consequ5ce ( acts done4 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,mississippi1 & ,l\isiana a majority ( ! vot]s1 "u ! co]c$ policy1 7 negroes4 ,9 o!r ,/ates !y 7 s num]\s t a comb9ation ) a small fraction ( :ite vot]s w\ld give ! asc5d5cy4 ,9 ,virg9ia1 a coalition betwe5 non-taxpay+ :ite p & negroes1 "u skill$ & bold lead]%ip1 accompli%$ p>tial repudiation ( ! ,/ate debt4 ,sup]add to ?is undisguis$ ,f$]al int5t ! hungry adv5tur]s :o1 z gov]nors1 judges1 m>%als1 di/rict attorneys1 etc41 flock$ l vultures ar\nd ! c>cass1 ! horde ( p]sons ^: object 0 to pilf] & plund]1 :o play$ ^u ! ignorance1 ! sup]/itions1 & gratitude ( ! negro & made ! cr$ul\s victims believe t _! =m] ma/]s 7 n to be tru/$ 9 elections1 & y h a picture :i* imag9ation fails to realize4 ,! negroes1 nei!r by appr5tice%ip1 nor political education1 n intellectual culture1 7 prep>$ = ! boon1 & _! unscrupul\s fri5ds organiz$ !m into secret societies & inflam$ hopes & expectations ( weal? & dom9ancy4 ,casp] ,haus] transf]r$ f a dungeon to a ?rone w\ld be a fit illu/ration ( ?is defiance ( all ! tea*+s ( ! pa/4 ,suffrage 0 a wrong to ! nation1 to ! ,/ates1 to ! :ite & black races1 & especially to ! negro4 ,negro suffrage is a f>ce1 a burlesque on elections1 & only evil4 ,! negroes g5]ally vote z puppets1 z ma*9es1 & h n ! remote/ conception ( ! "* or effect ( ! act !y are ignorantly p]=m+1 or ( ! issues involv$ 9 ! conte/1 or ( ! functions or duties ( ! (fic]s vot$ =4 ,huxley says1 ,vot+ p[] z a means ( giv+ effect to op9ion is m likely to prove a curse ?an a bless+ to ! vot]1 unless t op9ion is ! result ( a s\nd judgm5t op]at+ ^u s\nd k4 ,?is premature inve/iture ( ! negro ) suffrage reciprocally provok$ ali5ation1 bitt]ness1 /rife1 & a resolute purpose on ! "p ( ! :ite p n to submit to ! misrule & tyranny ( ignorance & paup]ism1 b to resort to all necess>y me?ods to defeat su* a result4 ,x is ne$less to recapitulate ! facts ( _m ?\s& ye>s 9 ord] to raise ! inf]5ce ( racial diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,caucasian & ! negro4 ,! immigration to our c\ntry is ! pro( ( antagonism ( races4 ,! =eign] /ays away f ! ,s\?2 s 9 a l>ge degree does ! ,nor!rn man4 ,not)/&+ ! unsurpass$ climate1 ! riv]s & gulf & m\nta9s1 ! f]tile soil1 ! v>i$ products1 ! hospitable welcome1 ! t]ritory occupi$ by ! negro is p]si/5tly avoid$4 ,by ! c5sus ( #ahhj ! proportion ( =eign-born 9 all ! =m] slave ,/ates 0 #c4e p] c5t2 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates ab\t tw5ty p] c5t2 9 eight ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :]e ! negroes ab\nd1 !re 0 9 #ahhj only "o & a ?ird p] c5t :o 7 ( =eign bir?4 ,mr4 ,l9coln1 9 #aheh1 9 acc\nt+ = ! repulsion1 said3 ,!re is a physical diff]5ce betwe5 ! two races :i* w probably =bid _! liv+ toge!r ^u ! foot+ ( p]fect equality4444 ,i am n1 or ev] h be51 9 favor ( mak+ vot]s or jurors ( negroes1 nor ( qualify+ !m to hold (fice1 nor ( int]m>ry+ ) :ite p4 ,absorption1 assimilation1 is n to be dream$ (4 ,! negro is no ne>] common fell[%ip1 equality ( association1 ?an he 0 9 #ahfe4 ,recon/ruction measures1 con/itutional am5dm5ts1 sword & bayonet1 ecclesia/ical ana!mas1 fulm9ations ( press & pulpit1 all p[] ( *ur* & /ate & public op9ion1 h n alt]$1 c n alt]1 :at seems in]adicable4 ,race antagonism rea*es deep] ?an political affiliation4 ,if e negro at ! ,s\? 7 to vote ! ,democratic ticket 9 e subsequ5t election1 ! race division w\ld rema9 ! same4 ,c ^! diff]5ces be effac$1 ali5ations be heal$1 & ov]%ad[+ p]ils be av]t$8 ,:at conc]ns ! patriot is to f9d a solution = ?is gigantic & appall+ problem4 ,! /atesman has n yet aris51 dispos$ to grapple ) ! problem1 or capable ( sugge/+ a feasible & efficaci\s rem$y4 ,) ! lea/ h>d%ip to ! negro1 prop] recognition ( 8 rights z a man1 due reg>d to ! j ends ( our ,gov]nm5t1 & ! purposes ( its f\nd]s1 "s s*eme1 if possible1 wise1 adequate1 & compreh5sive1 %\ld be devis$4 ,:atev] hi!rto has be5 sugge/$ has be5 met ) opposition & is ju/ly liable to criticism4 ,! mo/ obvi\s rem$y1 & :i* has be5 tri$ ) "s success1 is to uplift ! race by means ( public s*ools & prop] religi\s in/ruction4 ,all honor to ! s*ools t tra9 ! y\? into self-respect+ manhood & womanhood6 ,all honor = ! ef=ts t are mak+ to correct ! debasem5t ( slav]y1 to unite fai? & practice1 to infuse religi\s life ) an e?ical ,*ri/ianity1 & to =m a moral basis = life & "*6 ,! crimes ( bo? races 9 ! ,s\?1 pu%$ )9 ! la/ few ye>s to mo/ brutal atrocities1 %[ t !re c be no safety = free in/itutions1 no gu>d+ aga9/ savage degradation1 if ei!r race be kept 9 crass ignorance4 ,bo? mu/ suff]4 ,x w\ld be "s relief f ballot-box evils & p]ils if ! examples ( ,new ,engl& & ( ,l\isiana1 ,mississippi1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7 foll[$ by all ! ,/ates4 ,z univ]sal suffrage has no an*orage except 9 ! p's intellig5ce1 ,massa*usetts requires ( vot]s a prepaym5t ( taxes1 & vot+ & (fice-hold+ are limit$ to ^? :o c read ! ,con/itution 9 ! ,engli% language & write _! names4 ,:at has be5 done by ,/ates1 d5om9ations1 & individuals ?r\gh s*ools is n disc\rag+ to l>g] & bett] ef=ts1 b is a /imulus to & an assurance ( excell5t results4 ,! plantation sy/em ( ! ,s\?1 :5 l& 0 9 ! h&s ( a few t]ritorial magnates1 0 ( v d\btful utility4 ,a bold peasantry is a c\ntry's pride1 & a small f>m] %\ld take ! place ( ! l>ge l&$ proprietor4 ,if ! negroes %\ld acquire & hold m real e/ate1 !y w\ld be ( m value z citiz5s1 & w\ld h increas$ int]e/ 9 ! /ability ( laws1 en=c+ ( contracts1 & ! pres]vation ( ,/ate honor4 ,an enl>gem5t ( ! numb] ( ^? :o h a solid /ake 9 ! well-be+ ( ! c\ntry w\ld be add+ to ! ranks ( natural support]s ( law & honor1 & /r5g!n+ ! true f\ndations on :i* ! /ability ( a republican gov]nm5t mu/ re/4 ,! conge/ion ( ! negroes aggravates ! difficulties & dang]s ( ! problem4 ,! area ( ! ,/ates hold+ slaves 9 #ahfj 0 #ija1gdj squ>e miles1 & ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 exclud+ ,alaska1 #b1abc1hfj squ>e miles4 ,by ! c5sus ( #ahij1 ! total population ( ,alabama1 ,arkansas1 ,florida1 ,georgia1 ,l\isiana1 ,mississippi1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee1 ,texas1 ,virg9ia1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia1 0 #cg4c p] c5t ( negroes & #fb4g p] c5t ( :ites2 or1 includ+ ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,k5tucky1 & ,miss\ri1 #cj4g p] c5t ( negroes & #fi4c p] c5t ( :ites4 ,! ,african citiz5s are localiz$ )9 a n>r[ area4 ,a ,fr5* /atesman said1 ,cross ! ,pyr5ees & ,africa beg9s4 ,cross ,mason & ,dixon's l9e1 or ! ,ohio & ,potomac ,riv]s1 & 9 a tru] s5se ,africa beg9s1 = s\? ( t l9e ! negroes are mass$4 ,x has be5 ne>ly =ty ye>s s9ce slav]y exi/$1 = no "o born s9ce #ahfj 0 ev] practically a slave1 & yet fre$om has n diffus$ ! sev5 million & a half ( ,africans4 ,despite all ! traditions ( bondage1 all ! misrepres5tations ( mod]n lit]ature1 all ! exagg]at$ acc\nts ( intimidation & cruelty1 ! ,s\? rema9s ! home ( ! negro4 ,:5 he is told t equality1 fri5d%ip1 political sympa?y1 & good wages may be secur$ by pass+ an invisible geographical l9e1 he p]si/5tly refuses to be s$uc$ across4 ,s5ator ,w9dom1 ( ,m9nesota1 advocat$ a plan = di/ribut+ by assi/$ emigration1 b no?+ came ( x4 ,s5ator ,edmunds1 9 discuss+ ! ,*9ese "q1 said3 ,! p ( ,massa*usetts w\ld n be hungry = an eruption ( a million ( ! inhabitants ( ,africa1 444 because !y believe1 ei!r by in/9ct or education1 t x is n good = ! two races to be br\ght into t k9d ( contact 9 t place4444 ,! fundam5tal idea ( a prosp]\s republic mu/ be a homog5eity ( its p4 ,colonization z a rem$y has _h _m /rong advocates4 ,z e>ly z #ahjj ! ,assembly ( ,virg9ia1 9 secret session1 in/ruct$ ! ,gov]nor to correspond ) ! ,presid5t ) ! object ( procur+ a colony to :i* ! negroes c\ld be s5t4 ,jeff]son began ! correspond5ce4 ,! ,legislature resum$ ! "q1 & express$ its pref]5ce = ,africa or any ( ! ,spani% or ,portuguese settlem5ts 9 ,s\? ,am]ica z ! place to :i* free negroes or mulattoes1 & su* negroes or mulattoes z may be emancipat$1 might be s5t or *oose to remove4 ,9 #ahje ! memb]s ( ,congress 7 in/ruct$ to endeavor to procure suitable t]ritory 9 ,l\isiana4 ,9 #ahaa1 be+ ask$ 8 op9ion z to a settlem5t on ! coa/ ( ,africa1 ,jeff]son repli$ t no?+ is m to be wi%$ ?an t ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld !mselves und]take to make su* an e/abli%m5t on ! coa/ ( ,africa4 ,9 #ahac ! ,legislature op5ly & almo/ unanim\sly adopt$1 = ! ?ird "t1 resolutions simil> to ^? ( #ahjj4 ,! same ye> ! ,colonization ,society 0 =m$1 out ( :i* grew ! ,republic ( ,lib]ia4 ,presid5t ,l9coln1 9 8 fir/ annual message1 ,decemb]1 #ahfa1 ref]r+ to ! two classes ( lib]at$ p]sons t might be ?r[n ^u ,congress = _! disposal1 recomm5d$ t 9 any ev5t /eps be tak5 = coloniz+ bo? classes at "s place or places 9 a climate cong5ial to !m4 ,x might be well to consid]1 too1 :e!r ! free color$ p already 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\ld n be includ$ 9 su* colonization4 ,congress respond$ by vot+ "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s = ! volunt>y emigration ( fre$m5 f ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia to ,haiti or ,lib]ia1 & lat]1 9 ,july1 #ahfb1 gave five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s = ! colonization ( negroes 9 "s tropical c\ntry beyond ! limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,l9coln cont9u$ to favor ! policy ( removal to ano!r c\ntry1 & five days aft] sign+ ! above act he read to 8 ,cab9et a propos$ ord] = ! colonization ( negroes 9 "s tropical c\ntry4 ,burd5$ ) ?is great "q1 amid ! exig5cies ( ! mighty w>1 he cont9u$ to pu% ! matt]1 & _h ,secret>y ,sew>d s5d a circul> lett] to ,engl&1 ,france1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 & ,d5m>k1 ) reg>d to coloniz+ ! negroes 9 "s ( _! tropical possessions4 ,(f]s came f ! ,dani% ,we/ ,indies1 ,dut* ,sur9am1 ,briti% ,guiana1 ,honduras1 ,haiti1 ,new ,granada1 & ,ecuador4 ,mr4 ,l9coln consid]$ ! (f]s f ,new ,granada & an isl& (f ,haiti1 & ev5 s5t a colony to ! latt]4 ,aga91 9 8 annual message 9 #ahfb1 he argu$ = colonization1 & ask$ = an appropriation1 b1 "u ! passions ( ! t]rible conflict !n rag+1 ! ,congress1 in/ead ( he$+ ! reque/1 repeal$ ! =m] act appropriat+ five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,! ,indians1 aga9/ _! w1 7 transport$1 by co]cive measures1 to allott$ l&s beyond ! ,mississippi1 b t 0 be=e ! mod]n discov]y t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld grant frat]nity & assi/ance to all p "u o!r ?an republican gov]nm5ts1 & t univ]sal suffrage 0 ! infallible exp$i5t = civiliz+ semib>b>\s peoples4 ,presid5t ,h>rison1 9 8 lett] ( acceptance1 writ+ on ano!r subject1 says1 ,we are already "u a duty to def5d our civilization by exclud+ ali5 races ^: ultimate assimilation ) our p is nei!r possible nor desirable4 ,rem$ies1 /rong & adequate & feasible1 may n be f\nd readily1 b !re are g5tl] & quiet] ag5cies :i* may be us$ by bo? races to mutual advantage4 ,! :ite p1 9 accept+ ! legitimate consequ5ces ( defeat1 9 vigor\s ef=ts to re/ore antebellum prosp]ity1 9 e/abli%+ s*ools1 9 recon/ruct+ %att]$ society1 h done nobly1 b !y are n )\t s94 ,laws1 g5]al & wise & imp>tial1 on ! /atute-book ne$ = _! en=cem5t a su/a9+ public op9ion1 b ?is has n always be5 =?com+4 ,lawless & viol5t proce$+s1 always unnecess>y & demoraliz+1 sometimes z brutal z ! crimes :i* excit$ horror2 h>% & unju/ contracts2 int]f]5ces 9 elections2 false regi/ration & c\nt+ ( votes1 & o!r acts :i* ! plea ( self-pres]vation did n ju/ify1 h ev9c$ ! h>%ness & inju/ice ( dom9ant p[]1 & h n t5d$ to s(t5 prejudices or make ! situation m tol]able4 ,ea* race is =tunately improv+ 9 int]c\rse & 9 deal+s ) ! o!r1 & "t & sob] judgm5t are1 9 a s5sible degree1 remov+ causes ( ali5ation :i* are n inh]5t & incurable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at a bless+1 said ,presid5t ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 at ! late meet+ ( ! ,int]national ,congress ( ,zologi/s1 x w\ld be = mank9d if we c\ld /op ! enorm\s exp5diture on eng9es = ! de/ruction ( life & prop]ty1 & sp5d ! t5?1 ! hundr$?1 ev5 ! ?\s&? "p on sci5tific progress6 ,few p seem to realize h[ mu* sci5ce has done = man1 & /ill few] h[ mu* m x w\ld /ill d if p]mitt$4 ,m /ud5ts w\ld d\btless h devot$ !mselves to sci5ce if x 7 n s sy/ematically neglect$ 9 our s*ools2 if m5 & boys 7 n giv5 ! impression t ! field ( discov]y is well-nigh exhau/$4 ,we1 g5tlem51 "k h[ f> t is f be+ ! case4 ,mu* ( ! l& surface ( ! globe is /ill unexplor$2 ! ocean is almo/ unkn[n2 our collections conta9 ?\s&s ( species wait+ to be describ$2 ! life-hi/ories ( _m ( our commone/ species rema9 to be inve/igat$1 or h only rec5tly be5 discov]$4 ,,! ,,philipp9e ,,isl&s ,,& ,,am]ican ,,capital4 ,,by ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi?4 ,t ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s are ( value z a place = inve/m5t is an unexpla9$ g5]alization t is n[ be+ us$ to tempt bus9ess m54 ,! object ( ?is article is to discuss ?is g5]alization4 ,! idea t ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s are ( importance to u1 z a new field = our indu/rial developm5ts1 dep5ds ^u two assumptions3 ,fir/1 t we ne$ to g beyond ! b\nds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 second1 t ! ,philipp9es (f] ! be/ available field = ! satisfaction ( t ne$4 ,z to ! fir/ assumption1 ! occasion & orig9 ( ! dem& = ! ret5tion ( ! ,philipp9es furni% presumptive evid5ce t x repres5ts no real economic want ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,no "o ev] ?\ght ( x until we he>d ! boom ( ,dewey's guns at ,manila4 ,! dem&s t !n arose = ,ea/]n t]ritory 7 ! natural result ( a j pride 9 ! amaz+ triumph ( our navy4 ,be=e ! battle ( ,manila a sugge/ion t we %\ld take ! ,philipp9es & ,,receive #bj1jjj1jjj z a bonus we w\ld h deem$ prepo/]\s4 ,be=e t battle1 "o idea 0 upp]mo/ 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,am]ican p--namely1 ! developm5t ( ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,& yet1 along ) ! en?usiasm ov] ! accompli%m5ts ( our army & navy1 ! idea has crept into "s m9ds t we are 9 ne$ ( m l& to develop1 & t we mu/ f9d x 9 ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e4 ,exam9ation ( ! int]nal condition ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates does n seem to indicate su* ne$4 ,our exports are an index to our condition4 ,9 #ahgb we export$ m]*&ise to ! value ( #ebb1jjj1jjj2 9 #ahih ! am\nt _h swell$ to #a1bcj1jjj1jjj1 an increase ( two hundr$ & ?irty-five p] c5t4 ,no ,european nation has %[n su* progress4 ,despite _! colonial empires1 _! armies & navies1 _! *>t]$ companies1 _! sph]es ( influ5ce1 & all _! elaborate p>aph]nalia1 we are compet+ ) !m 9 _! own m>kets4 ,we h pursu$ a policy ! opposite ( !irs & are out/ripp+ !m 9 ! race = a %>e ( ! _w's trade4 ,x is n compatible ) indu/rial wisdom to *ange & adopt ! policy ( our less successful rivals j z ! success ( our own policy is be+ fully demon/rat$4 ,a nation's comm]cial supremacy re/s ^u ! same pr9ciples z a bus9ess man's lead]%ip 9 8 trade--namely1 sup]iority ( production4 ,x does n require a citation ( evid5ce to say t ! produc]s ( ,europe are /agg]+ "u ! burd5 ( _! armies & navies4 ,:ile !y are ?us h&icapp$1 we h no?+ to fe> unless we inflict ^u ourselves a simil> burd54 ,we h succe$$ by att5d+ to our own indu/ries1 by develop+ our natural res\rces1 by produc+ ?+s t ! p ( o!r nations mu/ h4 ,t developm5t is b begun4 ,ev5 ,engl&1 ! rul] ( ! greate/ colonial empire ! _w has ev] kn[n1 ! greate/ manufactur+ nation1 ! mi/ress ( ! seas1 /&s ) almo/ /ation>y exports4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! nation ) a small navy1 ! nation t nev] really _h a colony1 ! s-call$ isolat$ nation1 has come by rapid /rides to ! po9t :]e %e is ! lead+ export] ( ! _w4 ,!re is no reason :y ! progress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld be *eck$4 ,engl& has demon/rat$ ! fact t ! nation t has ! iron & coal is ! comm]cial mi/ress ( ! _w4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is cont9u+1 & w cont9ue ! demon/ration4 ,engl& has b #ijj squ>e miles ( mu*-us$ coal l&s1 & %e gets h] iron ore f ,spa94 ,we h ov] #bjj1jjj squ>e miles,d ( unt\*$ coal l&s2 an almo/ cont9u\s b$ ( iron ore1 rea*+ f ,lake ,ont>io to ,alabama4,e ,beside ?is great ore b$ is ! ,appala*ian coal field1 ) coal m9es 9 e ,/ate betwe5 ,new ,york & ,alabama4 ,!re are m\nta9s ( iron ore 9 ,miss\ri & ,mi*igan4 ,by ! special l9es ( lake /eam]s ! iron ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior is tak5 to ,*icago & ,clevel&1 & !nce c>ri$ by rail to ,pittsburg4 ,!re ! ea/]n coal completes ! conditions = ! mo/ economical production ( iron & /eel4 ,t gives ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! basis = our export trade 9 iron1 /eel1 & ma*9]y4 ,we are captur+ ! iron m>kets ( ! _w1 &1 judg+ by our supplies1 c hold !m = ages4 ,z our iron & coal are ! basis ( all manufactur+ indu/ry1 cont9u$ att5tion to !m w give u ! control ( ! _w's trade4 ,footnote ,d3 ,! la/ ,unit$ ,/ates c5sus puts our coal l&s at some?+ m ?an #bbe1jjj squ>e miles4 ,footnote ,e3 ,?is deposit occurs z f> nor? z ! s\!rn %ores ( ,lake ,ont>io1 & !nce ext5ds 9 an almo/ cont9u\s mann] ?r\gh ,p5nsylvania1 ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 & ,t5nessee to c5tral ,alabama4--,n4 ,s4 ,%al]'s ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 vol4 i1 p4 #dcb4 ,!re are _m o!r l9es ( our int]nal developm5t t are yet b>ely begun4 ,irrigation is an example ( ?is4 ,! report ( ,john ,w4 ,noble1 ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior = #ahia1 said1 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty million acres t are n[ des]t may be r$eem$ by irrigation s z to produce ! c]eals1 fruits1 & g>d5 products possible 9 ! climate :]e ! l&s are locat$4 ,t is an area ne>ly twice z l>ge z ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 & x is op5 to ! ,am]ican settl]1 :ile !re is an indication t ! ,philipp9es may be inaccessible on acc\nt ( _! climate4 ,moreov]1 !y are f\r times z d5sely populat$ z is ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & :ile we deem ! ,*9ese s undesirable t we exclude him f our %ores1 all au?orities agree t 8 race is sup]ior to t ( ! ,malays1 ,tagals1 & ,negritos :o inhabit ! ,philipp9es4 ,! irrigable area is mu* l>g] ?an ! ,/ates ( ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ill9ois1 & ,massa*usetts comb9$4 ,^? ,/ates at ! pres5t "t are support+ a population ( ov] sev5te5 millions1 & _m au?orities claim t !y w 9 ! future support at lea/ fifty millions4 ,! regions ( scanty ra9fall t c be irrigat$ are fairly cru/$ ) pota% & o!r soluble m9]al +r$i5ts t n\ri% plant life1 & give to ! valleys already irrigat$ _! a/oni%+ f]tility4 ,?is enables ! f>m]s to support !mselves on su* small areas t ! life is almo/ a communal "o4 ,! irrigat$ ,we/ c su/a9 a population z great z t su/a9$ on an equal area 9 ! ,ea/1 or ev5 great]4,f ,= ye>s t dry climate has be5 a heal? re/or] to ! soj\rn] !re4 ,?is is n claim$ = ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s4 ,! build+ up ( ?is ,we/]n empire ) its canals & irrigat+ dit*es1 its railroads & cities1 w absorb a va/ am\nt ( capital1 & x is a natural & easy l9e ( developm5t = u4 ,mr4 ,irw9 has said1 ,to capital seek+ inve/m5t 9 a l>ge way1 irrigation ent]prises 9 ! ,we/ (f] a mo/ solid1 lucrative1 & tempt+ field4,g ,secret>y ,noble has said1 ,no "o c n[ compute ! money value t w conc5trate 9 ^! res]voirs & canals & dit*es1 c>ry+ wat] to ! fields ( ! husb&man1 & ^u :i* ! p mu/ dep5d = _! prosp]ity4,h ,footnote ,f3 ,if we accept ! reclaimable area giv5 above z approximately correct1 & apply a sy/em ( irrigation1 x c be cultivat$1 & made ! happy home ( an indu/ri\s p m ?an equal+ 9 numb] ! inhabitants ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4--,j4 ,n4 ,irw91 9 ,=um1 vol4 i1 p4 #gdb4 ,footnote ,g3 ,=um1 vol4 xii1 p4 #gej4 ,footnote ,h3 ,report ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 #ahia4 ,five c5turies ago l>ge p>ts ( ea/]n & we/]n ,engl& 7 imp5etrable morasses4 ,^! h entirely disappe>$ be=e ! skill ( ! eng9e]4 ,n4 ,s4 ,%al] says1 ,! total area ( ! inundat$ l&s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates probably exce$s #aae1jjj squ>e miles1 c\nt+ only ^? flood$ areas :i* are at pres5t unsuit$ by _! excessive humidity = agricultural use1 b :i* may be won to ! s]vice by eng9e]+ devices su* z h be5 appli$ 9 ! regions occupi$ by old] civilizations4,i ,?is is m ?an #gc1jjj1jjj acres ( dra9able swamps & m>%es4 ,l&s m easy ( access h1 9 ! pa/1 s occupi$ our att5tion t ^! l[l&s h ?us f> be5 almo/ entirely neglect$4 ,!y are locat$ along our nor!rn1 ea/]n1 & s\!rn bord]s 9 close proximity to wat] transportation & to ! l>ge cities ( ! seabo>d4 ,!y c be dra9$1 z 7 ! swamps ( ,engl&4 ,_! f]tility w make ?is pr(itable1 & !y w support a l>ge population4 ,footnote ,i3 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 vol4 i1 p4 #chb4 ,! public highways ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are1 on ! :ole1 9 any?+ b a desirable condition1 & _! improvem5t is a good inve/m5t = ! commonweal?4 ,we h railroads to build1 h>bors to deep51 & canals to dig4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is "y yet1 & trem5d\s tasks await h] labor & capital4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 s full ( promise = ! future1 we are /ill us+ borr[$ =eign capital4 ,9 ,! ,=um = ,febru>y1 #ahie1 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,s4 ,laut]ba* said1 ,t ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates require ,european capital = ! full developm5t ( ! great res\rces ( our c\ntry !re c be no d\bt4 ,! same au?or made a v cons]vative e/imate1 & said t we ow$ to ,europe annually3 ,= divid5ds & int]e/ ^u ,am]ican securities /ill held abroad1 m9imum #ge1jjj1jjj ,= pr(its ( =eign corporations do+ bus9ess "h1 & ( non-resid5ts1 d]iv$ f real e/ate1 inve/m5ts1 p>tn]%ip pr(its1 etc41 ab\t #ge1jjj1jjj ------------ #aej1jjj1jjj ,t is to say1 we 7 pay+ a five-p]-c5t int]e/ on #c1jjj1jjj1jjj ( =eign money4 ,z to ! second assumption3 ,x is claim$ by "s t we %\ld h ! ,philipp9es because !y w furni% u ! tropical products t we are us+ 9 ev]-increas+ quantities4 ,two ?+s are reveal$ 9 ! exam9ation ( our ne$s ( tropic products & a comp>ison ( ! ,philipp9es ) ! ,am]ican tropics3 #a4 ,t ! ,philipp9es are at a great disadvantage 9 location4 #b4 ,t ,am]ica is ( suffici5t area & natural weal? to meet all our ne$s1 & m4 ,z to location3 ,x is a fir/ pr9ciple ( comm]ce to get supplies :]e !y are mo/ accessible4 ,x is ab\t t5 ?\s& miles f ,new ,york to ,manila1 twelve hundr$ to ,havana1 & eighte5 hundr$ to ! cont95t ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,"u ^! conditions ! freight rates mu/ always discrim9ate 9 favor ( tropic ,am]ica4 ,! disadvantage ( ! ,philipp9es is increas$ by ! fact t ! %ips go+ f ,san ,francisco or ,panama to ,manila are compell$ to c>ry _! coal ?ree ?\s& f\r hundr$ miles at "o /ret*--f ,honolulu to ,yokohama1 ! mo/ available r\te4 ,!n1 aga91 a l>ge "p ( our tropic trade1 & "o t %[s promise ( ! mo/ gr[?1 is 9 ! gre5 fruits1 su* z cocoanuts1 p9eapples1 lemons1 oranges1 & bananas4 ,( ! la/ article our imports h d\bl$ e five ye>s s9ce #ahfe4 ,on acc\nt ( di/ance x is n practicable to br+ any ( ^! fruits f ! ,philipp9es1 b !re is no limit to ! am\nt ( trade t c gr[ up on ! l9es t are n[ beg9n+ to =m betwe5 u & our s\!rn neighbors4 ,z to ! fitness ( tropic ,am]ica to supply our ne$s3 ,!re are ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,an exam9ation ( _! area & productiv5ess %[s t !re is little to induce ,am]ican indu/ry to control any "p ( ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e4 ,( ! #ag1jjj1jjj squ>e miles t make up ! ,we/]n ,cont95t1 ! tropics make up #e1jjj1jjj squ>e miles--an area suffici5t to make m ?an "o hundr$ ,/ates z l>ge z ,p5nsylvania2 an area ne>ly fifty times z great z ! ,philipp9es4 ,! v>iety ( its productions is sc>cely excell$ ev5 by ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,!re are only two important tropic products import$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates t are n already l>gely produc$ on ?is cont95t4 ,!y are ,manila hemp & tea1 & x w\ld appe> t ! reason !y come f ! ,ea/ is because ( pres5t labor conditions !re4 ,manila hemp is a sort ( half-wild product t may yet h an introduction to our ri* tropics j z ! potato 0 introduc$ into ,europe1 & _m ( our crops h be5 introduc$ f ,europe4 ,ev5 ! tea plant ?rives 9 ! w>m regions ( ,am]ica z f> nor? z ,t5nessee4 ,small quantities ( tea are n[ gr[n 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,am]ica1,j b ! *eap labor ( ! ,ea/ has made x unpr(itable "h4 ,we are at ! pres5t "t gett+ n9e t5?s ( our tea f ,india1 :]e ,anglo-,saxon c>e has develop$ ! indu/ry & is fa/ driv+ ,*9a out ( ! tea m>ket ( ! _w4 ,footnote ,j3 ,unit$ ,/ates ,report on ,comm]ce & ,navigation = #ahig4 ,!re is a diff]5ce :5 x comes to ! two great tropic /aples ( c(fee & sug>4 ,our imports ( ^! two articles 9 #ahig 7 valu$ at #ahj1jjj1jjj1 :ile ! imports ( tea 7 less ?an "o twelf? z mu*4 ,at ! pres5t "t ne>ly all ! c(fee us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates comes f ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica1 :5ce also comes ! great] "p ( ! _w's supply4 ,! decl9+ price ( c(fee indicates t we %all get x "u m favorable t]ms 9 ! future4 ,we import ab\t #ajj1jjj1jjj wor? ( sug> p] annum4,k ,approximately two fif?s ( x is beet sug> & comes f ! cont95t ( ,europe1 & ! re/ is cane sug> f scatt]$ s\rces 9 ! tropics4 ,only "o six? comes f ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e4 ,we are gett+ sug> f ,europe1 n because x is ! natural developm5t ( ! indu/ry1 b because ^? c\ntries are will+ to give an export b\nty on all t is export$4 ,?is makes exportation possible4 ,mean:ile ! ,am]ican sug> indu/ry is left to unprogressive & slov5ly me?ods1 b x ne$s only a reasonable addition ( capital & labor to enable x to supply ! m>kets ( ! _w4 ,an ,engli%man ( mu* exp]i5ce 9 ! sug>-gr[+ colonies ( ,great ,brita9 says t by ! introduction ( improv$ me?ods all ! sug> t we use 9 ?is c\ntry c\ld be gr[n on "o half ( ! little isl& ( ,porto ,rico4,l ,?is w\ld cause heavy compla9t f ! sug>-cane region ( ,l\isiana1 & f ^? sections ( our c\ntry t are beg9n+ to hope = a future 9 ! beet-sug> indu/ry4 ,c]ta9ly ,am]ica c supply h]self 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,footnote ,k3 ,ibid4 ,footnote ,l3 ,w4 ,allyne ,irel&1 9 an address be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,india rubb] is ano!r ( our tropic imports t promises to increase 9 importance ) improvem5ts 9 our ability to use x4 ,ne>ly ! :ole supply comes f ! ,am]ican tropics4 ,!re x ?rives ev]y:]e4 ,we are import+ x f almo/ all ( our si/] republics1 & al?\gh x responds readily to cultivation & yields a pr(itable crop1,m ! ma9 supply is yet tak5 f ! wild trees ( ! =e/s4 ,l ! o!r products x waits = ! capital :i* x w well repay4 ,footnote ,m3 ,see ,c(fee & ,india-,rubb] ,culture 9 ,mexico4 ,by ,matias ,rom]o1 late ,mexican m9i/] to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by a comp>ison ( ! av]age yields p] acre ( ! lead+ tropic imports ) ! am\nts ( ^? imports1 we %all f9d ! area ( ! t]ritories t are 9 cultivation to meet our pres5t ne$s4,n ,9 #ahig we import$ into ?is c\ntry f all s\rces ! crops t w\ld be yield$ by #a1djj squ>e miles ( c(fee1 #cj ( bananas1 #dj ( cocoa beans1 #fj ( ,india rubb]1 #aj ( oranges2 a total ( #a1edj squ>e miles4 ,add to t ! area t w be ne$$ = our sug>1 & ! result does n equal ! :ole ( ,porto ,rico4 ,! area ( ,porto ,rico is less ?an #d1jjj squ>e miles4 ,multiply ^! crop areas by t51 to make all[ance = crop rotation & = ! "t tak5 = new plantations to come into be>+4 ,! result w be less ?an #dj1jjj squ>e miles1 a t]ritory n half z great z ! area ( ! ,we/ ,india isl&s4 ,!y 9 _! turn d n comprise ! fiftie? "p ( ! area ( tropic ,am]ica4 ,footnote ,n3 ,! av]age yields ( tropic produce 7 made out ) ! assi/ance ( ! ,cyclopdia ,britannica1 ,c(fee & ,india-,rubb] ,culture 9 ,mexico 7,rom]o71 & /ati/ics obta9$ at ! ,philadelphia ,comm]cial ,museums4 ,! am\nts ( ! imports 7 tak5 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,report on ,comm]ce & ,navigation = #ahig4 ,:5 ! "t comes t ,am]ican indu/ry ne$s to develop m l&s1 !re !y lie4 ,!y are our opportunity4 ,!y h an almo/ virg9 soil1 because we h be5 too busy ) our own int]nal developm5t to give !m ne$$ att5tion4 ,!y ne$ capital1 & we h be5 borr[+ money abroad to meet our ne$s at home4 ,_! inhabitants are idle = lack ( employm5t2 !y w respond to our capital4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! natural m>ket = ! ,we/ ,indies2 !y lie close to our %ores1 & :5 ! ,nic>agua ,canal comes !y w be b isl&s 9 an ,am]ican lake--p>ts ( ! indu/rial unit ( ,great] ,am]ica4 ,!y c give u ! ?+s t are ne$$ to r\nd out our consumption1 & we c d ! same = !m4 ,x is illogical & unlike ,am]ican %rewdness to g sev5 ?\s& miles = tropic l&s :5 an equally valuable1 a m valuable1 area is )9 sev5 hundr$ miles ( u4 ,! comp>ison becomes ev5 m /rik+ :5 x is rememb]$ t ! control ( ! ,philipp9es br+s to u a burd5 ( problems f :i* indu/rial developm5t 9 ?is c\ntry is free4 ,! ,gov]nm5t at ,wa%+ton may sp5d our millions & e/abli% gov]nm5t 9 ! ,philipp9es1 b w ,am]ican capital g !re8 ,w our citiz5s inve/ _! money sev5 ?\s& miles away :ile tropic ,am]ica is s mu* ne>]1 & is1 moreov]1 an equally ri* & f> m ext5d$ field8 ,?is does n assume ! conque/ ( ,am]ican regions4 ,x is n necess>y to h gov]nm5tal control 9 ord] to pr(it by ! indu/ries ( a c\ntry4 ,! conditions ( mod]n indu/ry prove ?is mo/ conclusively4 ,b = ?is fact ! progress ( ! _w w\ld h be5 mu* less rapid4 ,we h an example ( ?is 9 ,am]ican railroads3 !y h be5 l>gely built by ,engli% capital2 ! same is also true to a great] or less degree ( _m ( our o!r indu/ries4 ,:at ,engl& has done 9 ,nor? ,am]ica )\t gov]nm5tal control1 we c d 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica :5 our indu/rial condition dem&s new areas to "w ov]4 ,by ! mod]niz$ ,monroe doctr9e our supremacy 9 ?is hemisph]e is assur$1 & we h ! gu>antee ( a cle> field4 ,our int]e/s are also fur!r$ by our fri5dly relations ) ! ,am]ican peoples & by our ne>ness to !m4 ,! ,am]ican policy ( our =efa!rs is ! "o = u1 ev5 f ! indu/rial po9t ( view4 ,am]ica is an indu/rial unit1 an economic unit1 full ( undevelop$ possibilities t await ! h& ( ,am]ican ent]prise4 ,our res\rces c abundantly provide = our mat]ial ne$s4 ,! cont95t is controll$ by ! mo/ +5i\s ( all ! races1 & is dom9at$ by ! highe/ political ideals kn[n to man4 ,:at ne$ h we to rea* out across sev5 ?\s& miles ( ocean to take l&s popul\s ) millions ( b>b>ians8 ,,! ,,physical ,,geography ,,( ,,! ,,we/ ,,indies4 ,,by ,f4 ,l4 ,,oswald4 ,,iii4--,,reptiles ,,& ,,fi%es4 ,! pres5t fauna ( our planet includes _m v>ieties ( mammals & reptiles1 & a few k9ds ( birds1 t are f\nd only on c]ta9 isl&s--a fact :i* seem$ r to ju/ify ! once univ]sal belief 9 ! orig9 ( species by sep>ate acts ( creation4 ,a diff]5t !ory ( explanation has1 h[ev]1 be5 sugge/$ by ! discov]y ( fossil rema9s1 prov+ ! =m] exi/5ce ( closely alli$ =ms on cont95ts :]e _! battle = exi/5ce _h to be f\ght aga9/ bea/s ( prey & competitors = a limit$ food supply4 ,! suppos$ products ( an isl& g5esis by ! fiat ( sup]natural ag5cies1 dem&+ recognition 9 m5tal p5ance & ! paym5t ( ti!s1 may ?us be simply animal ,crusoes1 favor$ by ! positive or negative advantages ( _! surr\nd+s4 ,! dodo1 9 its /ruggle = survival1 w\ld h _h no *ance aga9/ ,s\? ,am]ican tig]-cats4 ,n "o ( ! tw5ty-odd species ( ,madagasc> lemurs c\ld h held its own aga9/ ! competition ( ! ,african daylight monkeys4 ,yet !re 0 a "t :5 night apes & l>ge gr\nd birds seem to h _h ?+s all _! own way1 ! _w ov]1 & ,c5tral ,am]ica may h af=d$ a *ance = exi/5ce to sev]al species ( reptiles :i* at pres5t are f\nd only on ! ,we/ ,indian isl&s4 ,! ,cuban bu% tortoise 7,emys nigra7 is f\nd only 9 ! =e/s ( ,santiago & ,pu]to ,pr9cipe1 & !re only on ! s\? coa/s4 ,x is ! mo/ sluggi% creature ( its g5us1 & does n seem to h _h ent]prise en\gh to crawl ar\nd ! s& belt ( ,cape ,maysi & colonize ! jungles ( ! nor? side prov9ces4 ,x is z helpless z a h$gehog1 m9us its bri/les4 ,! d>keys ( ! ,cuban plant]s crack its armor ) home-made hamm]s1 & ! tortuga prieta1 or prieta1 z !y call x = %ort1 =ms a factor ( holiday m5us z frequ5tly z 'possum pie 9 s\!rn ,georgia4 ,swift-fl[+ riv]s be> x away z !y w\ld a float+ log1 & x is :olly incr$ible t its ance/ors %\ld h cross$ ! ,c>ibbean ,sea 9 que/ ( a m cong5ial home2 b x is possible en\gh t its eggs may h be5 f]ri$ across on "o ( ! driftwood isl&s :i* ! ,sumas9ta ,riv] (t5 te>s f ! coa/ swamps ( s\!rn ,mexico & c>ries into ! curr5t ( ! ,gulf ,/ream4 ,! evolution ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican giant cats 0 probably ! dea? w>rant ( its cont95tal relatives1 b 9 ,cuba x _h no f\r-foot$ enemies except ! hutia1 or jungle rat1 t n[ & !n de/roys its eggs4 ,an equally favor$ isl&] is ! grayi%-yell[ rock liz>d1 ab\nd+ 9 ! upl&s ( ,cuba & ,hayti4 ,! liz>d-kill+ cranes ( ,honduras h n f\nd _! way to ! ,antilles1 & ! lag>tilla /ill basks 9 ! sun t once smil$ ^u ! indol5ce ( ! nak$ ,lucayans4 ,! toco1 or ,cuban hornbill1 h[ev]1 dev\rs small reptiles ( all sorts1 & ! ,we/ ,indian tree liz>ds h become almo/ z nimble z squirrels4 ,!y dodge beh9d bran*es & wait to asc]ta9 ! orig9 ( e flitt+ %ad[1 b f imm95t dang] save !mselves by a swift desc5t1 foll[$ by a bold leap into ! ?ickets ( ! und]bru%4 ,_! c\rt%ip is q z grotesque z t ( ! /rutt+ bu% pheasants4 ,! males w sw+ _! heads up & d[n & puff up _! ?roat-bags till _! sk9 seems on ! po9t ( disruption1 :ile ! objects ( _! rivalry sit bl9k+1 reluctant to risk an op5 manife/ation ( pref]5ce4 ,"s gorge\sly beautiful v>ieties are f\nd 9 ,jamaica3 gre5i%-blue1 ) a metallic lu/]1 & r[s ( bright crimson spots1 z if ! design ( protective colors _h be5 patt]n$ aft] ! fl[] %rubs ( ! tropics4 ,illu/ration3 ,,iguana4 ,! ^w iguana is ( ,mexican orig91 & r>ely us$ 9 ! ,spani% ,we/ ,indies1 b ! animal itself is--= cul9>y purposes1 ?\gh ! ,haytian negroes d n g q z f> z ! mongrels ( ,yucatan1 :]e iguana f>m]s fatt5 ! def5seless reptiles ) cornmeal1 9 wick]work baskets1 t are br\ght to m>ket z a ,new ,engl& p\ltry fanci] w\ld fet* 9 a crateful ( spr+ *ick5s4 ,b1 prejudice aside1 !re is no h>m 9 an iguana fricassee2 ! meat is :ite & insipid1 b takes ! flavor ( e spice1 & is f> m dige/ible ?an su* hyp]borean delicacies z fri$ eels & pork fritt]s4 ,!re are two species--"o 9 ea/]n ,cuba1 ) sp9es all ! way d[n to its tail-tip1 & 9 ,hayti a small] "o1 ) a smoo!r tail1 b ) an exagg]at$ ?roat-bag & wattles l a turkey gobbl]4 ,lag>tos va/ecos1 or tree alligators1 ! ,cuban creoles call ! scamp]+ =e/ dwell]s1 t atta9 a l5g? ( f\r feet1 & c /amp$e =eign]s by leap+ to t]ra firma ) an aplomb t scatt]s ! dry leaves 9 all directions4 ,if *as$1 !y w take to wat] l frogs4 ,!y are fir/-class swimm]s1 _! ?roat-bag s]v+ ! purpose ( a float1 & once 9 ! ripple ( ! /ream are h>d to keep 9 sight1 z !y h a trick ( keep+ _! legs close to ! body & navigat+ by means ( _! subm]g$ tails4 ,l ! ra9b[ hues ( ! coryph5e 7miscall$ dolph971 ! bright colors ( ! iguana soon fade aft] dea?1 & ! %rivel$ gre5i%-br[n specim5s ( our taxid]mi/s give no idea ( ! appe>ance ( ! liv+ animal 9 ! sunlight ( its native l&4 ,! ,iguana tub]culata 7ea/]n ,cuba7 is velvet-gre5 above1 ) saffron flanks1 r+$ ) blue1 black1 & br[n /ripes1 & ! pet specim5s1 bask+ on ! por* ( a c(fee plant]1 c *all5ge comp>ison ) ! p>oquets t flutt] ab\t ! eaves ( ! outbuild+s l swifts ar\nd a m>t9 box4 ,cuba has also acclimatiz$ a horn$ frog1 & "o species ( ^? curi\s half-liz>ds ^: %apes may h sugge/$ ! dragon fables ( antiquity4 ,! basilisk 7,cyclura c>9ata7 is only half a y>d long1 b c erect its cre/ & raise its prong$ tail 9 a mann] t w make a dog leap back 9 affright4 ,x has no goit]-bag1 b ! sk9 ( its ?roat is ela/ic1 & c be made to swell out l t ( ! ,ea/ ,indian cobra1 :ile its multiplex sp9es vibrate om9\sly4 ,! little mon/] is1 nev]!less1 "o ( ! mo/ h>mless reptiles ( ! tropics1 & subsi/s on succul5t leaves1 ) occasional entremets ( small grubs & insects4 ,9 t case1 h[ev]1 ,nature has r ov]done its ef=ts at protective ugl9ess1 & ! creoles kill ! poor simulator ( t]rors z ! ,mexican ru/ics w\ld a horn$ toad4 ,a plurality ( ! zological immigrants ( ! ,we/ ,indies seem to h come f ,mexico1 & x is a sugge/ive fact t ! numb] ( reptiles /eadily decreases f we/ to ea/4 ,cuba1 ) its we/]n headl& approa*+ ! ea/ coa/ ( ,yucatan1 ?us came 9 = a lion's %>e ( liz>ds1 tortoises1 & ophidians4 ,hayti1 ?\gh only "o f\r? small]1 exp]i5c$ a sev5ty-five-p]-c5t disc\nt1 & all natives & travel]s agree on ! curiosum t !re is n a s+le species ( s]p5t on ! isl& ( ,porto ,rico4 ,tr9idad1 ) an area ( only fifte5 hundr$ squ>e miles1 b lav$ by ! giant curr5t ( ! ,or9oco1 boa/s tw5ty-eight species ( l& s]p5ts1 besides sev]al py?ons & swamp vip]s4 ,! ,tr9idad museum ( v5om\s ophidians does n1 h[ev]1 include ! dread$ f]-de-lance1 :i* infe/s ! woods ne> ,samana ,bay on ! s\? coa/ ( ,san ,dom+o4 ,! ,bo?rops lanceolatus is l>g] ?an a rattlesnake1 & its bite1 ?\gh n always fatal1 causes fe>ful inflammation1 b its aggressive disposition has be5 greatly exagg]at$4 ,l mo/ v5om\s s]p5ts1 x is a sluggi% brute1 rely+ on its ability to cr\* motionless till its prey comes 9 range1 !n get 9 a snap bite & %r9k back to wait till ! virus beg9s to take effect1 & ! victim1 9 its fev] spasms1 betrays its helplessness by ^? ecc5tricities ( conduct :i* are apt to be mis9t]pret$ by ! dupes ( ! s]p5t-*>m sup]/ition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f]-,,de-,,lance4 ,! f]-de-lance is f\nd also on ! isl&s ( ,m>t9ique & ,santa ,lucia1 :]e ! natives c\nt]act its virus ) a decoction ( jungle hemlock1 & ! basis ( its grewsome reputation seems to be ! fact t x does n w>n ! intrud]s ( its haunts1 aft] ! mann] ( ! cobra or ! rattlesnake1 b flatt5s its coils &1 ) slightly vibrat+ tail1 awaits ev5ts4 ,if ! unsuspect+ travel] %\ld %[ no sign ( ho/ile int5t he may be all[$ to pass unh>m$ )9 two y>ds ( ! coil$ matador1 b a clos] approa* is apt to be con/ru$ z a *all5ge1 & ! vivoron1 sudd5ly re>+ its ugly head1 may sc>e ! trespass] into "s motion ( self-def5se--he may lift 8 foot or br&i% 8 /ick 9 a m5ac+ mann]4 ,if he does he is lo/4 ,! l[] coils w exp&1 br++ ! bus9ess end1 neck & all1 a few feet ne>]2 ! head po9ts1 l a level$ rifle1 !n d>ts =w>d ) electric swiftness1 guid$ by an un]r+ in/9ct = ! selection ( ! lea/-protect$ p>ts ( ! body4 ,& ! v9dictive brute is ready to repeat its bite4 ,= a mom5t x re>s back1 trembl+ ) excitem5t1 &1 if fell$ by a bl[ ( its victim's /ick1 w snap away savagely at /umps & /ones1 or ev51 l a w\nd$ pan!r1 at its own body4 ,a v curi\s adaptation ( means to ends 9 ! modification ( ! virus is its swiftly fatal effect on birds4 ,a /rick5 *ild1 ?\gh half craz$ ) fe>1 may run a di/ance ( ?ree miles be=e p>alysis beg9s to imp$e its motions2 a squirrel w escape to its ne/ 9 ! top ( ! tree1 only to come =? aga9 & topple d[n 9 its delirium2 b a bird drops z if he _h swall[$ a dose ( prussic acid4 ,s]p5t virus is specifically a bird poison2 9 o!r words1 x acts in/antane\sly 9 cases :]e a few mom5ts' delay w\ld defeat ! purpose ( ! snap bite4 ,w\nd$ rod5ts w n run v f> & c be reli$ ^u to come out ( _! holes2 b a bitt5 bird1 unless promptly p>alyz$1 w\ld fly out ( sight & drop 9 di/ant ?ickets1 beyond ! k5 ( its de/roy]4 ,& ( all bird-kill+ reptiles ! f]-de-lance is ! mo/ de/ructive4 ,! ,spani>ds h v>i$ its bill ( f>e by import+ ! :]e)al ( an occasional rabbit /ew1 b dur+ ! prec$+ ages x _h to subsi/ on p\ltry1 l a popul> circuit prea*]--! hutia rat hav+ develop$ a tal5t = avoid+ its haunts4 ,! alleg$ horror naturalis ( s]p5ts is p]haps n m deep-root$ ?an ! av]sion to cats2 at all ev5ts1 ! ,we/ ,indians h ov]come x suffici5tly to pref] rat-kill+ snakes to tabbies4 ,9 ?\s&s ( ran*o cab9s a pet s]p5t ( ! g5us colub] may be se5 glid+ noiselessly along ! raft]s1 or slip ?r\gh ! crack ( a floor plank to rea* ! p5etralia ( ! basem5t1 :]e ! dea? %riek ( rod5ts soon aft] ann\nces ! result ( its activity4 ,ari/ocratic ,creoles relegate x to _! /ables1 b ! t5ants ( num]\s backwood casu*as furni% x a cotton-/uff$ b$ box1 & rew>d its s]vices ) a weekly di% ( milk4 ,!re are sev]al species ( l>ge riv] s]p5ts1 & "o true boa1 ! ,cuban matapollos1 or *ick5-kill]1 t atta9s a l5g? ( eighte5 feet1 & has be5 kn[n to use its sup]num]>y coils = ! purpose ( crack+ ! ribs ( a h\nd fly+ to ! assi/ance ( ! b>ny>d roo/]4 ,9 addition to ! above-m5tion$ jungle tortoise !re are sev]al l& turtles ( ! g5us *lemmys1 & ?\s&s ( *elidonians are annually caught on ,samana ,bay1 s\!rn ,porto ,rico1 ,/4 ,v9c5t1 ! ,isle ( ,p9es1 & ! nor? coa/ ( ,matanzas1 ,cuba4 ,^? ( ,santiago ,bay h gradually be5 ext]m9at$1 b a l>ge numb] ( ,we/ ,indian fi%+ wat]s are practically inexhau/ible4 ,a speciali/ l ,agassiz might haul nondescripts f scores ( ,haytian coa/ riv]s1 & ! angle fi%]s ( ! ,cuban si]ra brooks c hook an equally int]e/+ reproduction ( an ,appala*ian species4 ,"s ( our companions _h to eke out a haul ) crawfi%1 says ! travel] ,e/]man1 b our own /r+ ( sundries includ$ a puzzle = naturali/s4 ,we _h caught "s tw5ty brook tr\t1 absolutely indi/+ui%able f ! species f\nd 9 ! head wat]s ( ! ,t5nessee ,riv]4 ,:]e did !y come f8 ,_h !y cross$ ! ,gulf ( ,mexico & asc5d$ ! rapids ( half a hundr$ riv]s1 or _h ,nature copi$ h] own h&iwork 9 su* details z ! small d>k dots bel[ ea* r$ spot1 & ! occasional breaks 9 ! l9es ( ! silv]-:ite keel /reaks8 ,! p]* ( ! =e/ riv]s include sev]al ne/-build+ v>ieties1 & ! sportsm5 ( ,k+/on1 ,jamaica1 (t5 amuse !mselves ) t>get practice at a species ( rock fi% t come cle> out ( ! wat] & bask1 l coots1 on ! h>bor cliffs4 ,) e mile f>!r s\? ! numb] & v>iety ( ! f9n$ aborig9es become m inf9ite1 & ! fi%]m5 ( ! e/u>y ( ,san ,juan de ,porto ,rico alone cat* pompanos1 mullets1 cavalli1 r$ snapp]s1 *iquillos 7a k9d ( s>delles71 sea bass1 dorados1 skip-jack1 angelfi%1 skate1 ray1 %eep%ead1 g>fi%1 torp$o-fi%1 devilfi% or giant ray1 cobia1 hogfi%1 croak]s1 %>k1 & coryph5es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fly+ ,,fi% 7,exocoetus volitans72 ,,fly+ ,,gurn>d ,,or ,,fly+ ,,rob9 7,cephalacan?us volitans74 7,f ,baskett's ,/ory ( ! ,fi%es47 ,! tig] ( ! sea1 ! great :ite %>k1 occasionally visits ! h>bor wat]s ( ,cuba1 & has be5 kn[n to seize b>efoot$ peons1 surf-ba?+ horses 9 ! next neighborhood ( ,morro ,ca/le1 & drag !m "u s sudd5ly t _! companions 7 unable to acc\nt = _! disappe>ance till ! foam ( ! break]s became fleck$ ) blood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,butt]fly ,,fi%4 ,t *ampion ( m>9e man-eat]s is z smoo? z a hypocrite1 & hides its d\ble r[ ( horrible fangs "u a slipp]y nose1 :ile ! little butt]fly fi% tries its be/ to disguise its helplessness ) a cre/ ( sp9y f9s4 ,its l5g? r>ely exce$s f\r in*es1 & x c be h&l$ ) impunity1 b its sp9es are j rigid en\gh to entangle x 9 tufts ( gulf we$1 & 9 company ( equally t9y sea horses & goldfi%1 x c (t5 be se5 9 ! aqu>iums ( ! ,jamaica seaport t[ns4 ,to be cont9u$4 ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,luigi ,,luc*5i 7,,assass9 ,,( ,,! ,,empress ,,( ,,au/ria74 ,,by ,,ces>e ,,lombroso4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,,luigi ,,luc*5i4 ,!re is n an enlight5$ p]son 9 ! _w :o does n deplore ! an>*i/ crime committ$ la/ summ] by ,luc*5i 9 ,g5eva ^u ! un=tunate ,empress ( ,au/ria4 ,) grief is associat$ ! duty ( inquir+ :at c\ld h be5 ! orig9 ( a misde$ :i* besides be+ cruel _h ! vice ( be+ absurd1 fall+ z x did ^u a poor woman ne> ! tomb1 :o 0 ready to welcome dea?1 & :o _h no political influ5ce1 by an assass9 :o _h n suff]$ any (f5se f h] or f h] gov]nm5t1 & :o fur!r _h ! impud5ce to boa/ ( 8 crime z if x _h be5 a h]oic act4 ,we beg9 our inquiry by seek+ = an explanation ( ! act by means ( a /udy ( ! p]son ( ! murd]] 9 con=mity ) ! rules ( ! an?ropological s*ool4 ,luigi ,luc*5i is ! illegitimate son ( a ,p>mesan s]vant n[ liv+ 9 ,am]ica1 & h] ma/]1 :o liv$ 9 ! ,p>mesan t]ritory1 a prie/1 unbalanc$ & intemp]ate1 :o s5t h] :5 %e 0 pregnant to ,p>is to be conf9$4 ,!re %e ab&on$ h] newborn babe to a f\ndl+ asylum4 ,! *ild 0 s5t !nce to 8 native c\ntry & plac$1 till he 0 n9e ye>s old1 ) a ,p>mesan family nam$ ,monici1 ( :om ! fa!r 0 a %oemak]1 v poor & intemp]ate1 & ! "m immoral4 ,aft] he 0 n9e ye>s old he 0 put ) a family nam$ ,nicasi1 good p1 b v poor--peasants1 or r m5dicants1 s t he too became a m5dicant1 w&]+ ) 8 comrades ?r\gh ! /reets & pilf]+ till he 0 ?irte5 ye>s old4 ,x appe>s f :at ,dr4 ,gu]9i1 ( ,p>ma1 writes me t dur+ ?is "t he _h epileptic fits4 ,:5 twelve ye>s old he w5t to s*ool1 :]e he appe>$ bright b impulsive1 & on "o occasion 9 8 ang] de/roy$ ! portrait ( ! k+4 ,f ! age ( f\rte5 to t ( n9ete5 he 0 a s]vant1 & _h two ma/]s1 & w&]$ 9 ,liguria1 ,switz]l&1 & ,au/ria1 :]e he 0 arre/$1 s5t back to 8 c\ntry1 & prohibit$ f %[+ himself 9 ! ea/4 ,he !n ent]$ ! milit>y s]vice1 :]e he conduct$ himself v well1 incurr+ only light puni%m5ts = assault+ a comrade & = help+ a s]geant get out ( ! b>racks at night4 ,he 0 s lik$ by 8 sup]iors & comrades t :51 ?ree ye>s aft]w>d1 9 #ahig1 he left ! army1 ,capta9 ! ,pr9ce de ,v]a engag$ him z 8 s]vant4 ,9 ?is s]vice he exhibit$ great affection = *ildr51 &1 :at is /range1 he 0 s good a mon>*i/ t he 0 sc&aliz$ t at ! commemoration ( ! deceas$ ,cavolotti1 9 ,naples1 ! orator 0 p]mitt$ to praise him z a political man )\t int]ruption f ! delegate4 ,"o day1 irritat$ because he _h be5 d5i$ "s p]mission1 he abruptly took 8 leave1 decl>+ t he 0 n born to be a s]vant1 & return$ to ,switz]l& to "w z a m>ble poli%]4 ,b ev5 f ,switz]l& he kept cont9ually implor+ 8 old employ] to take him back1 decl>+ 9 a lett] :i* reveal$ symptoms ( a p]si/5t delirium t he probably w\ld n receive him aga9 because he did n g to mass2 :i* indicates sub/antially t he _h n t repugnance = ! anti-an>*ical life ( a s]vant :i* he manife/$ previ\sly & aft]w>d4,o ,footnote ,o3 ,x appe>s t he aft]w>d made ! /range reque/ = an an>*i/ to be appo9t$ gu>d ( ! prison1 & 0 irritat$ :5 x 0 d5i$4 7,see ,a4 ,gauti]1 ,le procs ,luc*5i4 ,vi5na1 #ahii47 ,:e!r all at once or n he became an extreme an>*i/4 ,he sign$ & compos$ an>*i/ hymns4 ,suspect$ by 8 comrades ( n be+ zeal\s en\gh1 & also p]haps ( be+ a spy1 he decid$ to /rike a bl[ aga9/ "s pr9ce2 he *ose ! empress z 8 victim possibly because he _h suff]$ 8 fir/ annoyance 9 ,au/ria4 ,he1 :o _h nev] kill$ a fly1 _h a rude in/rum5t prep>$--a file2 practic$ = a consid]able "t1 p]haps a mon?1 at /rik+ ) x1 & hav+ committ$ ! crime1 tri$ to escape4 ,:5 /opp$ by two citiz5s he did n resi/1 & behav$ 9 a v diff]5t way f common crim9als1 !re9 exhibit+ a t+e ( insanity4 ,he1 = example1 al?\gh he knew ,fr5* v well1 d5i$ x & dem&$ an int]pret] 9 ! int]rogations4 ,he sang & laugh$ cont9ually1 & 0 glad t he _h dealt 8 victim a good bl[1 & t he _h /ruck deep ) ! in/rum5t1 boa/+ t he _h us$ a file in/ead ( a dagg]4 ,he 01 besides1 solicit\s ( publicity1 decl>+ to ! report]s & ! judges t he _h done ! de$ all alone1 t he _h left 8 capta9 to accompli% 8 idea1 t he _h be5 an an>*i/ = ?irte5 ye>s1 etc4 ,9 two ungrammatical & v long lett]s to ! j\rnal ,don ,m>zio1 9 ,naples1 *os5 evid5tly because he _h se5 x at 8 ma/]'s1 he decl>$ t he 0 n a crim9al born1 z ,lombroso w\ld h x1 nor a madman1 & t he _h n be5 incit$ by mis]y b by conviction1 because1 if all w\ld d z he _h done1 middle-class society w\ld soon disappe>4 ,he knew t ?is s+le assass9ation w\ld be ( no avail1 b he _h1 nev]!less1 committ$ x = an example4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,,extract ,,f ,a ,,lett] ,,by ,,luc*5i4 ,he wrote to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,swiss ,conf$]ation t he w\ld r be tri$ at ,luc]ne1 because ! dea? p5alty 0 9 =ce !re1 & repeat$ ! /atem5t to ! judges2 he wrote to 8 ma/] t he 0 m wor?y ( him ?an ev]2 he repli$ to ! report]s & ! judges :o reproa*$ him ) hav+ kill$ a helpless woman1 t z = t1 if %e _h be5 a *ild1 b a pr9ce1 he w\ld h kill$ h] all ! same4 ,at ano!r "t he said1 9 a wild way3 ,i kill$ h] because %e did n "w2 :oev] does n "w %\ld n eat1 & ,i 0 n go+ to "w = h]--a reason :i* w\ld be z good = ! slaught] ( sev]al million p]sons4 ,curi\s & important is ! rem>k ( ,luc*5i t ,crispi w\ld n h kill$ h] because he 0 a ?ief2 an evid5t pro( ( ! complete lack ( moral s5se 9 an>*i/s1,p :o l primitive m5 conf\nd ! crime ) ! de$1 & reg>d crim9ality z a sort ( m]it1 a seal ( frat]nity2 :i* demon/rates t ! an>*i/ic practice1 if n its !ory1 is an equival5ce ( crimes4 ,footnote ,p3 ,see my ,delitto politico1 ,"p ,,iii1 & ,gli ,an>cici1 second edition4 ,:5 ask$ if he _h nev] committ$ blood-crimes1 he repli$ t he _h nev] _h any?+ to d ) c\rts1 n ev5 z a witness--:i* 0 f\nd to be true--b ,i ent]ta9$ ! idea ?is "t1 & act$ ^u x4 ,luc*5i is a man ( m$ium /ature1 ab\t #a4fc metre1 ) v ?ick1 light *e/nut hair1 /\t1 ) d>k-gray1 half-clos$ eyes1 r\ndi% e>s1 heavy eyebr[s1 volum9\s *eek bones & jaw prognatic1 l[ =ehead1 v bra*ycephalic 7cephalic index #hh74 ,he has1 !re=e1 a numb] ( *>act]i/ics ( deg5]ation common to epileptics & insane crim9als4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 h&writ+1 ) its m9ute *>act]s1 especially 9 ! writ+ ( pa/ ye>s1 indicates a mild fem99e disposition1 ) little en]gy ( "*4 ,?is is especially se5 9 an autograph ( #ahif1 :i* 0 procur$ = me by ,dr4 ,gu]9i1 :o got x f 8 pati5t 7see ,fig4 #b74 ,?is *>act]i/ic1 :i* 0 extremely conspicu\s 9 ,cas]io :5 he 0 ne> 8 crime1 0 also app>5t 9 ! assailant ( ,g5]al ,ro*a4 ,i h likewise obs]v$ x to be v conspicu\s 9 epileptics & hy/]ical p]sons2 & x corresponds1 accord+ z !y are 9 _! psy*ical spasm or out ( x1 ) a real d\ble p]sonality provok$ by _! disease4 ,9 "o1 z ,i h %[n 9 ,l',uomo ,del9qu5te1 !y write signatures t cov] a :ole page 9 _! l>g] diamet]1 :ile ! signature 9 ! normal /ate is (t5 small] ?an ! av]age 7see ,fig4 #c74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,,macrographic ,,& ,,micrographic ,,writ+ ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,epileptic4 ,! same d\ble p]sonality t is app>5t 9 ! writ+ is atte/$ 9 ! psy*ology4 ,we h se5 t ,luc*5i 0 k9d to *ildr51 t he 0 a good s]vant1 *>act]i/ics q oppos$ to ! an>*i/ic nature1 & a g5ial companion2 a man :o 9 ,africa 0 en?usia/ically fond ( milit>y life2 :o1 a little :ile be=e1 :5 he 0 9 ! s]vice ( ! capta91 _h express$ extreme mon>*ical s5tim5ts2 & f9ally1 :5 he _h become an an>*i/1 aga9 ask$ 8 ma/] to be re/or$ to 8 s]vice4 ,?is d\ble p]sonality is ano!r ( ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( hy/]ia & epilepsy4 ,i h rec5tly /udi$ an epileptoid deg5]ate :o has a s\nd m9d1 &1 at lea/ 9 8 normal /ate1 is quiet & g5tle4 ,b z soon z he has tak5 h>dly m ?an n9ety grammes ( alcohol 7#if pro(7 he becomes a wild an>*i/1 ) fi]ce impulses & halluc9ations1 ( :i* he has no recollection two h\rs aft]w>d1 or ev5 *>ges !m to 8 comrades4 ,9 ?is case a d\ble p]sonality is reveal$1 ! demon/ration ( :i* is complet$ by alt]ations ( ! visual field & ( ! t\*4 ,we h1 !n1 9 ,luc*5i a deg5]ate & probably epileptic p]son desc5d$ f an alcoholic fa!r4 ,al?\gh he affirms t he is n insane or a crim9al born1 he is a little ( bo?1 = he is epileptic & hy/]ical1 s t 8 d5ial is already a beg9n+ ( a pro( ( disease4 ,luc*5i also confirms :at ,i h tri$ to demon/rate 9 my ,delitto politico--t ! mo/ frequ5t organic cause ( simil> morbid impulses ( a political "* is hy/]o-epilepsy2 = n only d ! decl>ations ( "s ( 8 c\ntrym5 po9t to epilepsy1 & ! *>act]i/ics ( deg5]ation 9 ! skull confirm x1 b 8 inh]itance f an alcoholic fa!r & t impulsiv5ess & t d\ble p]sonality1 :i* make him pass f ! g5tle/ ( m5 to ! cruele/1 & :i* is reflect$ 9 ! macrography alt]nat+ ) ! micrography ( ! int]vals betwe5 ! spasms1 are accumulative evid5ce ( x4 ,i h demon/rat$ ! hy/]ical & epileptic basis 9 ! an>*i/s & regicides ,felicot1 ,monges1 & ,cas]io1 & p>ticul>ly 9 a vagabond an>*i/1 full ( cranial anomalies1 :o told me1 :5 ,i que/ion$ him conc]n+ political re=ms1 ,d n speak to me ( !m1 = z soon z ,i beg9 to ?9k ab\t !m ,i am tak5 ) a v]tigo & fall d[n2 s t x seems to me possible to e/abli% a psy*o-epileptic equival5t 9 extreme political innovators1 an equival5t :i* is fur!r manife/ 9 _! vanity1 ris+ sometimes to megalomania1 9 _! int]mitt5t g5iality1 & especially 9 _! great impulsiv5ess4 ,!re 0 also lat5t 9 ,luc*5i an indirect disposition to suicide1 :i* ,i h f\nd 9 o!r political crim9als1 l ,oliva1 ,nobil+1 & ,passananti1,q :o1 hav+ conceiv$ a dislike = ! k+1 made an attempt on 8 life2 & especially 9 ,h5ry1 :o reject$ ! def5se ( 8 advocate & 8 "m bas$ on ! insanity ( 8 fa!r1 rem>k+ t x 0 ! advocate's bus9ess to def5d1 8 to die2 & 9 t ,r\manian :o 0 photograph$ 9 a portrait t ,i h reproduc$1 9 ! act ( committ+ suicide4,r ,luc*5i1 too1 believ$ he w\ld be condemn$ to dea?1 & 0 mu* disappo9t$ :5 he le>n$ t !re 0 no su* p5alty 9 ! canton :]e he committ$ ! crime4 ,footnote ,q3 ,see my ,delitto politico1 #ahij4 ,footnote ,r3 ,ibid4 ,x may h be5 morbid vanity t prompt$ ! exclamation he 0 he>d to make1 ,i want$ to kill "s great p]son1 s z to get my "n 9 ! pap]s 7,gauti]74 ,b :ile an organic1 individual cause 0 good = a ?ird 9 ,luc*5i's crime1 he 0 mu* m influ5c$ by ! atmosph]e 9 :i* he liv$4 ,an illegitimate *ild1 left 9 "o ( ^? nurs]ies :i* are real ne/s ( crime & grav] disord]s1 !n consign$ to a v poor & n always moral family ( m5dicant habits1 hav+ le>n$ no?+ except to beg & w&]1 he f\nd su* modes ( subsi/5ce z he c\ld 7notice ! unc]ta9ty & plurality ( 8 occupations1 indicat+ lack ( assiduity--s]vant1 soldi]1 m>ble poli%]1 & 9 ! beg9n+ peasant72 he f\nd1 we might say1 z ! mo/ con/ant condition ! infelicity :i* radiat$ ar\nd him f e qu>t]1 &1 reflect+ ! wor/1 urg$ him to ?is way ( suicide4 ,we %\ld recollect1 too1 :at ,fratt9i said3 ,0 x hung] br\ght me to ?is8 & ! an>*i/ :om ,hamon speaks (3 ,:5 ,i began to "q ! un=tunates ( ! hospital1 x _h a frightful effect on me2 ,i compreh5d$ ! ne$ ( solid>ity & became an an>*i/2 & z ano!r "o said to ! same ,hamon3 ,i became an an>*i/ :5 ,i saw my comrades begg+ = "w ) _! faces ba!d 9 te>s1 & 0 indignant ov] x4 ,cas]io wept :5 he ?\ght ( ! lot ( 8 ,lomb>d companions 9 mis]y4 ,^! crim9als by passion1 by altruism1 are1 z ,burdeau wrote1 v]itable philan?ropic assass9s4 ,!y kill recklessly = ! love ( m54 ,epilepsy & hy/]ia 9 ,luc*5i are expla9$ by 8 abrupt passage f "o condition to ! o!r1 & by ! conv]sion ( factional passion 9 him into a crim9al act4 ,b !re are epileptics & crim9als ev]y:]e2 yet p]sons ?us disord]$ 9 ,norway & ,sw$5 are n trans=m$ into an>*i/s2 nor 9 ,switz]l& & ,engl&1 :i!r p resort f all p>ts ( ! _w1 & :]e1 :5 an>*y %[s itself1 x is l a meteor fall+ to ! e>? f ! extra-planet>y regions--:olly isolat$ & oppos$ to ! _w ar\nd x4 ,! mo/ important cause ( ?is trans=mation is ! mis]y t weighs ^u our un=tunate c\ntry1 evid5ce ( :i* comes 9 f e side ev5 ^u ^? :o are n mis]able !mselves4 ,if ev5 9 ! late/ days ,luc*5i _h be5 liv+ com=tably1 he c\ld n1 ) ! excessively morbid altruism t dom9at$ him1 h fail$ to feel ?is mis]y1 :i* is s pr(\nd & g5]al 9 ,italy4 ,n mu* erudition is requir$ to demon/rate ! imm5se economical emb>rassm5t ( ,italy z contra/$ ) o!r c\ntries :5 x is kn[n t we pay ab\t five hundr$ times its value = salt1 t bread is gr[+ de>] e day1 & t ! am\nt consum$ dim9i%es "o t5? e ye> 9 ^! l&s4 ,x 01 !re=e1 ) ju/ice t ,sc>foglio said 9 expla9+ ! orig9 ( an>*ism1 ,a good fif? ( ! population ( ,italy are /ill liv+ 9 a savage /ate1 dwell+ 9 cab9s t ! ,papuans w\ld n live 91 accommodat+ !mselves to a food :i* ! ,%illooks w\ld refuse1 hav+ a vision & an idea ( ! _w n mu* m ample ?an t ( ! ,kaffirs1 & runn+ ov] ! l& desir+ & seek+ s]vitude4 ,x may be add$ t x is because ( ?is condition--t is1 ( ! defective civilization t results f x--t !re is ev]y:]e a weak5$ revulsion & dim9i%$ horror at blood-crimes1 s t !re are n[ sixty homicides = e "o hundr$ ?\s& inhabitants4 ,we may le>n f ?is :at ! true rem$ies %\ld be4 ,! idea ( conqu]+ an>*y by kill+ an>*i/s is n valid1 because e epileptic has ano!r ready to take 8 place1 because an>*i/ic crimes are to a great ext5t simply indirect suicides1 & because an>*i/s ?9k z little ( _! own lives z ( ! life ( ano!r4 ,x is r necess>y to *ange ! direction ( ! disease by *ang+ ! mis]able conditions 9 :i* x orig9ates4 ,n = humanity1 !re=e1 n = exalt$ social !ories1 b 9 our direct int]e/1 we ought to make a complete *ange4 ,! suppression ( a doz5 an>*i/s is l kill+ a ?\s& microbes )\t dis9fect+ ! surr\nd+s t conta9 milli>ds ( !m2 x is t we %\ld look1 if we want to be bett]1 to break+ up ! l>ge e/ates1 & ameliorat+ ! conditions ( agriculture & op]ative indu/ry1 & ?is 9 ! int]e/ ( ! gov]n+ classes4 ,typhus1 *ol]a1 & plague1 x is true1 attack *iefly ! poor1 b f ^! ! contagion ext5ds also to ! ri*2 & f ! unheal?y habitations 9 :i* ! ri* man p]mits begg>s to cr[d & suff]1 ! miasm1 z if 9 rev5ge1 is propagat$ to m>ble palaces4 ,t imbecile idea ( "s ,european nations1 :o1 in/ead ( dis9fect+ ! m$ium1 f9d x bett] to put d[n ! doctors :o propose rem$ies1 c n make itself at home except among peoples :o are de/9$ to p]i%4,s--,translat$ = ! ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly f ! ,ar*ives di ,psi*iatria4 ,footnote ,s3 ,to ! *>ges made aga9/ me by ,m4 ,gauti] 7,le procs ,luc*5i1 #ahii7 ( hav+ =mulat$ a diagnosis )\t see+ ! pati5t1 :i* 0 !re=e inexact1 & ( hav+ describ$ *>act]i/ics ( deg5]ation :i* did n exi/1 ,i answ] ) ! pages ( ,=el1 c]ta9ly ! mo/ em95t ali5i/ ( our "t1 :o _h him "u 8 eyes dur+ ! :ole process1 & ^: diagnosis diff]s b little f m9e4 ,,t5d5cies ,,9 ,,fr5* ,,lit]ature4,t ,,sugge/$ ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,d[d5',s ,,rec5t ,,book4 ,,by ,,pelham ,,edg>1 ,,ph4 ,d4 ,footnote ,t3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,fr5* ,lit]ature4 ,by ,edw>d ,d[d51 ,d4 ,lit41 ,,ll4 ,d41 etc4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton & ,company4 #ahig4 ,to pres5t ,victor ,hugo 9 a few pages is to c>ve a colossus on a *]ry /one4 ,?us ,pr(essor ,d[d5 prefaces 8 t5 admirable pages on ! great ,fr5* poet2 & ) equal appropriat5ess we might assign ! phrase z a motto = ! :ole und]tak+4 ,! subject is too va/ to cope ) adequately 9 ! limits ( a sl5d] volume1 ! t5d5cies too complex2 & ! appeal f human int]e/1 :i* s9ce ! days ( ,sa9te-,beuve & ,ta9e has =m$ su* an important elem5t 9 sci5tific criticism1 _h to be ab&on$ 9 favor ( g5]aliz$ views ( lit]>y conditions & t5d5cies necess>ily ab/ract or imp]sonal 9 "*4 ,yet1 despite ^! evid5t re/rictions :i* ! requirem5ts ( 8 task impos$ ^u him1 ,pr(essor ,d[d5 has produc$ a "w ( extraord9>y m]it1 a ma/]piece inde$ 9 its k9d4 ,if we 7 n assur$ t ev]y?+ :i* ! em95t critic writes is its own suffici5t ju/ification1 we might be incl9$ to "q ! necessity ( ! pres5t volume1 9 view ( ! pa9/ak+ & consci5ti\s treatise t ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury gave to ! public "s sixte5 ye>s ago1 & :i* has des]v$ly rema9$ until ! pres5t "t ! mo/ reliable ,engli% text-book ^u ! subject ( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,) no desire to disp>age ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury's s*ol>ly contribution1 ! pres5t "w does 9 tru? supply a ne$ :i* ! e>li] book1 9 spite ( its abundant m]it1 fail$ to satisfy4 ,x is n h>% criticism to /ate t ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury's volume1 cramm$ z x is ) a ple?ora ( dates & titles1 is at be/ a comp5dium = conv5i5t ref]5ce1 & consequ5tly q unreadable z a book4 ,pr(essor ,d[d51 on ! o!r h&1 has conqu]$ ! dry-z-du/ problem ) admirable skill1 & ! *>m ( 8 diction & ! easy sequ5ce ( 8 ideas lead ! read] ins5sibly on to ! close ( a delightful volume4 ,nor is ! book lack+ 9 in/ructive value ( a highly reliable k9d1 =1 9 addition to an intimate k ( ,fr5* criticism1 ,pr(essor ,d[d5 is evid5tly famili> at fir/ h& ) all ! m important works ( :i* he treats1 & n infrequ5tly pr(f]s f]tile sugge/ions ^u debat$ que/ions4 ,hav+ av[$1 !re=e1 a g5u9e admiration ( ,pr(essor ,d[d5's book1 w x be ?\ght a graceless task if1 ) ! prov]bial p]v]sity ( critics1 ,i endeavor to po9t out "h & !re que/ions ( importance t may seem to h m]it$ m att5tion ?an ! au?or 0 p]haps able to af=d to !m )9 8 re/rict$ space8 ,! m$ival portion ( ,pr(essor ,d[d5's book is valuable n = its orig9ality1 b r z ! reflection ( advanc$ mod]n criticism 9 ,france4 ,!re=e1 9 ?is brief review ! m$ival p]iod may be neglect$1 & turn+ to ! second book1 :i* deals ) ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! fir/ writ] ( capital importance :om we enc\nt] is ,clm5t ,m>ot4 ,! au?or has ju/ly indicat$ ! decrepit conditions ( poetry 9 ,m>ot's y\? 9 ! deg5]ate h&s ( ! ,rhtoriqueurs1 & also ! p[]ful attraction :i* ! allegoriz+ mania ex]cis$ on ! poet's e>ly "w4 ,8 lat] mann] is ju/ly emphasiz$1 & 8 pr[ess 9 ! light] famili> =ms ( v]se2 b x is only by inf]5ce t we appreh5d ! comp>ative neglect ( 8 "w until ! lat] classical reaction re/or$ him to favor4 ,pr(essor ,d[d51 inde$1 ?r\gh\t 8 book has h>dly convey$ a prop] idea ( ! reaction>y %ocks by :i* ,fr5* lit]ature has inv>iably advanc$4 ,?us ! ,pliade1 9 ! en?usiasm ( _! rupture ) middle-age traditions1 7 bl9d to ! ,r5aissance elem5ts 9 ,m>ot's "w1 & seek+ z !y did to elevate poetry to nobl] !mes & a nobl] mann]1 8 easy famili> grace 0 di/a/eful to !m4 ,rabelais1 ( c\rse1 is ano!r colossus on a *]ry /one1 & ! purport ( 8 message is epitomiz$ 9 a few lum9\s s5t5ces4 ,! elem5ts ( contra/ 9 ! man1 & 8 full-blood$ joy 9 liv+1 :i* 0 ! sign-manual ( ! ,r5aissance ^u him1 are indicat$ z foll[s3 ,bel[ 8 laught] lay wisdom2 bel[ 8 orgy ( grossness lay a noble ideality2 bel[ ! extravagances ( 8 imag9ation lay ! equilibrium ( a _s sane & /rong4 ,! life t 0 9 him 0 s ab\nd+ & exultant t x broke all dikes & dams2 & laught] = him ne$$ no ju/ification1 x 0 a "p ( ?is ab\nd+ life4 ,aft] ! m$ival asceticism & ! intellectual bondage ( s*ola/icism1 life 9 ,rabelais has its va/ outbreak & explosion2 he w\ld be no fragm5t ( humanity1 b a complete man4 ,proce$+ to ! ,pliade1 we f9d its doctr9e admirably enunciat$1 & "o po9t ( lit]>y hi/ory is well br\ght out--namely1 t to ! ,pliade1 & n to ,malh]be alone1 belongs ! honor ( e/abli%+ ! bases ( classicism 9 ,france1 ! diff]5ce *iefly resid+ 9 ! fact t ! programme ( ! ,pliade 0 "o ( expansion 9 matt]s ( language & prosody1 :]eas x is precisely 9 ^! po9ts t ,malh]be & ,boileau are conc]n$ ) re/rictive ref9em5ts4 ,aga9 ,pr(essor ,d[d51 foll[+ p]haps 9 ! wake ( ,m4 ,brunetire1 *>act]izes ! conditions ( ! "t z be+ unfavorable to lyrical expansiv5ess4 ,rons>d's g5ius 0 lyrical & elegiac1 b ! t5d5cies ( a "t :5 ! great affair 0 ! organization ( social life1 & z a consequ5ce ! limitation ( individual & p]sonal passions1 7 n favorable to ! developm5t ( lyrical poetry4 ,^! words are ripe ) sugge/iv5ess1 & duly weigh$1 !y af=d ! true solution ( ! oratorical & imp]sonal "* ( ,fr5* lit]ature = two long c5turies1 :5 ! social g5res 9 prose & poetry usurp$ dom9ion ov] ! national m9d4 ,) our eye !n ^u ! social conditions 9 ,france1 ! (t5-quot$ words ,malh]be a tu le lyrisme mean no?+ m ?an t he /ruck a pro/rate body4 ,be=e turn+ f ! sixte5? c5tury x %\ld p]haps be obs]v$ t 9 discuss+ ! com$y ( t p]iod ! au?or might h amplifi$ 8 /atem5t ( ,italian influ5ces by at lea/ a ref]5ce to ! ,comm$ia dell' ,arte :i* we f9d e/abli%$ 9 ,france 9 #aegf1 ) its traditional rep]tory ( /ock *>act]s1 ^: antiquity asc5ds to ! v5]able times ( ! e>ly ,lat9 f>ces1 & ^: survival ! "w ( ,molire1 nay1 ev5 ( ,beaum>*ais1 w adequately atte/4 ,! la/ great figure t greets u 9 ! sixte5? c5tury is ,montaigne1 & we feel a s5se ( disappo9t$ curiosity :5 he is rel5tlessly dismiss$ at ! end ( ! five pages to :i* he is entitl$ "h4 ,?is s+ul>ly mod]n d\bt] /ill smiles inscrutably at u ?r\gh ! mi/y c5turies t fl[ betwe5 u1 & we w\ld pref] to loit] ) him by ! way r ?an pass him ) a curt nod ( recognition4 ,b ,montaigne is m important 9 ! hi/ory ( ?\ght ?an 9 ! hi/ory ( lit]ature1 s1 cross+ ! ?re%old ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 we meet ! great lawgiv] ,malh]be1 a ,moses :o really ent]$ ! promis$ l&4 ,pr(essor ,d[d5 is em95tly j & appreciative 9 8 judgm5t ( ?is p$antic & unsympa!tic figure1 e/imat+ 8 m]its & imp>tially not+ 8 defects )\t presum+ 9 8 "* z lit]>y hi/orian to /amp !m z su*4 ,malh]be und5iably elim9at$ p]sonality f poetry4 ,%all we reg>d ?is z a defect8 ,a c5tury's ma/]pieces ( objective art survive to say u nay1 & if ! critic's p]sonal sympa?ies sway him to ! side ( lyric eloqu5ce1 ! hi/orian ( lit]ature obs]v+ )\t prejudice judges )\t rancor4 ,! processes ( ,malh]be's art 7 ess5tially oratorical2 ! lyrical cry is seldom audible 9 8 v]se2 x is ! poetry ( eloqu5ce ?r[n into /udi$ /anzas4 ,b ! great] poetry ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 ,france1 its odes1 its satires1 its epi/les1 its noble dramatic sc5es1 & mu* ( its prose lit]ature1 are ( ! nature ( oratory2 & = ! progress ( su* poetry1 & ev5 ( su* prose1 ,malh]be prep>$ a highway4 ,& n[ 9 ! wake ( ,malh]be s ?ick d ! great names ?rong t ,i mu/ p]=ce t\* swiftly only on :at seems to dem& amplification r ?an dwell at l5g?1 z x w\ld be mu* less difficult to d1 on ! _m admirable views ! book conta9s4 ,& fir/ z reg>ds ! lit]>y significance ( ,r5 ,desc>tes4 ,pr(essor ,d[d5 places himself 9 accord ) ! cu/om>y views ( criticism 9 assign+ to ,desc>tes a prepond]at+ influ5ce on ! lit]>y art ( 8 c5tury4 ,! _s ( ,desc>tes's "w 0 9 h>mony ) t ( 8 "t1 & react$ ^u lit]ature4 ,he s\ght = g5]al tru?s by ! light ( reason2 he made cle>ness a crit]ion ( tru?2 he proclaim$ man a _s2 he ass]t$ ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,! art ( ! classical p]iod s\ght also = g5]al tru?s1 & subord9at$ imag9ation to reason4 ,x turn$ away f +5uities1 obscurities1 my/]ies2 x 0 ess5tially spirituali/2 x repres5t$ ! crises & h]oic victories ( ! w4 ,?is s\nds reasonable1 & is inde$ 9 l>ge measure 9 accordance ) ! actual conditions obs]vable 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,yet !re is no d\bt t ! lit]ature ( ,l\is ,,xiv is m intimately p5etrat$ by ! ascetic _s ( ,jans5ism z convey$ 9 ! fam\s doctr9es ( ,port-,royal1 & x is to ,jans5ism1 & emphatically n to ,c>tesianism1 t ! lit]ature ( ! sev5te5? c5tury owes t aspect ( gr&eur & moral s]5ity :i* *>act]izes x4 ,to quote ,brunetire3 ,p5dant plus de c9quante ans1 la consci5ce franaise1 si l'on peut a9si dire1 inc>ne dans le jansnisme1 et r5due p> lui elle-mme1 a fait contre la frivolit naturelle de la race le plus gr& ef=t qu'elle eut fait depuis les premi]s temps de la r=me ou du calv9isme4 ,inde$1 ! t5aci\sly religi\s ,jans5i/ _s ( ! gr& sicle w\ld h be5 univ]sal 7 x n t ,molire & ,la ,fonta9e 7 apa!tically indiff]5t1 nay1 sometimes actively ho/ile1 to ! g5]al en?usiasm4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 exam9e 9 all brevity ! fundam5tal doctr9es ( ,c>tesianism4 ,! t]ms are famili> en\gh4 ,! id5tity ( be+ & ( ?\ght4 ,! objectivity ( sci5ce4 ,! all-p[]fulness ( reason4 ,progress to inf9ity4 ,optimism at all times4 ,we c n fail to obs]ve ! significance ( ^! categories1 & h[ !y conta9 ! g]ms ( almo/ e great subject debat$ by ! levia?ians ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,yet ! nation /ruggl$ long be=e x _h /r5g? to %ake ! incubus ( ,jans5ism f its back1 & ! /imulat+ "w ( ,bayle _h to be support$ by ev5ts ( actual political significance be=e ! /r+5t & con/ra9+ dogmas ( ca?olicism relax$ _! grasp on ?\ght & conduct4 ,! revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes1 ! ,quieti/ic movem5t ) its unseemly att5dant episcopal qu>rels1 & f9ally ! actual p]secution ( ! ,jans5i/s1 all po9t$ inevitably 9 "o direction1 & /imulat+ ! anti-religi\s s5tim5t & op5+ ! flood gates to immorality1 induc$ a pot5t reaction ( ,c>tesianism 9 ! fundam5tal !ories ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 8 treatm5t ( ,corneille1 ,pr(essor ,d[d5 op5s 8 h&s only suffici5tly to let out a portion ( ! tru? he holds1 b :at he says is admirable to a degree4 ,( 8 diction he writes3 ,8 ma/]y 9 v]se ( a mascul9e eloqu5ce is unsurpass$2 8 dialogue ( rapid /atem5t & swift reply is l a combat ) ,roman %ort swords2 9 memorable s+le l9es he explodes1 z x 71 a va/ *>ge ( lat5t en]gy1 & effects a cle>ance = ! progress ( 8 action4 ,?is is well said1 b h>dly indicates h[ ,corneille so>$ s (t5 9 ! region ( ,spani% bomba/1 or crept among ! insipid fl[]s ( ,italian preciosity2 defects f :i* ,rac9e's sev]] ,greek ta/e held him free4 ,x is refre%+ :5 we come to ,boileau to f9d an ,engli% m9d imp>tial en\gh to d ju/ice to ! mu*-abus$ lawgiv] ( ,p>nassus4 ,criticism has = s long deplor$ 8 n>r[ness t we reli% an encomium on 8 good s5se4 ,b beyond ?is !re is an op9ion :i* ! g5]al read] w\ld be reluctant to admit1 b :i* ,pr(essor ,d[d5 has _h ! c\rage & ! disc]nm5t to en=ce1 :5 he writes z foll[s3 ,b = ,p>is itself1 its v>i\s aspects1 its life1 its types1 its mann]s1 he _h ! eye & ! precise r5d]+ ( a reali/ 9 art2 8 fai?ful objective t\* is l t ( a ,dut* pa9t]4 ,let ! incr$ul\s m]ely turn to ! satires to appreciate ! scope & tru? ( ! rem>k4 ,x is difficult to imag9e t a m brilliant & effective acc\nt ( ,boileau's "w & influ5ce c\ld be pres5t$ )9 s limit$ a space2 yet might n ! au?or h add$ t :]eas ,malh]be is ! repres5tative ( ! ari/ocratic elem5t 9 lit]ature1 ,boileau is ! fir/ great inc>nation 9 mod]n times ( ! b\rgeois _s8 ,) reg>d to ,la ,fonta9e x ne$ only be obs]v$ t ,pr(essor ,d[d5 recognizes :at ,fr5* critics ) repeat$ insi/5ce emphasize1 ! cunn+ h>monies ( 8 v]se4 ,mu* space is ( "r devot$ to ,molire1 :o ) ,la ,fonta9e has ev] be5 a /umbl+-block to ,engli% criticism4 ,pr(essor ,d[d5 voices our national feel+ 9 refus+ to consid] him z a poet1 pref]r+ to emphasize 8 pr(\nd & heal?y philosophy ( life4 ,t>tufe he consid]s to be an attack on religi\s hypocrisy m]ely4 ,is n ! int]pretation p]haps correct :i* reg>ds x z an attack on ! intol]ance & ,puritanism ( all religion1 ev5 ! mo/ s9c]e8 ,once aga91 9 deal+ ) ,rac9e1 ! au?or %[s t subtle disc]nm5t 9 :i* 8 criticism ab\nds4 ,he p5etrates to ! he>t ( ! secret reason = ! cabals t h>ass$ ,rac9e 9 ! lat] ye>s ( 8 dramatic activity1 & :i* d\btless _h _! influ5ce 9 en=c+ 8 retirem5t4 ,h we ev] suffici5tly realiz$ t ,boileau1 ,molire1 & ,rac9e 7 wag+ con/ant w> aga9/ a rebir? ( ! prcieux _s :i* ?reat5$ n only society ) ridicul\sness b lit]ature ) ru98 ,su*1 inde$1 0 ! case1 & 9 ! eyes ( ! sup]-ref9$ cot]ie t gr\p$ itself r\nd ! ,du*esse de ,b\illon1 ,boileau & 8 fell[-work]s 7 innovators ( a dang]\s & revolution>y ord]4 ,does n ?is idea c>ry u f> f our preconceiv$ notions ( ! n>r[ cons]vatism t dom9at$ ! lead]s ( classical ?\ght8 ,ref]r+ to ! disa/r\s *eck ( ,rac9e's ,phdre1 ! au?or writes3 ,x is commonly said t ,rac9e wrote 9 ! conv5tional & c\rtly ta/e ( 8 own day4 ,9 reality 8 pres5tation ( tragic passions 9 _! t]ror & _! tru? %ock$ ! ari/ocratic proprieties :i* 7 ! mode4 ,he 0 an innovator1 & 8 audacity at once conqu]$ & repell$4 ,! po9t ( view may seem extreme to u1 & ?is vaunt$ realism may %[ pale & weakly :5 contra/$ ) ! grossness ( mu* ( ! realism t prevails at ! pres5t day1 or ) ! graphic directness ( ! be/ examples ( ! type4 ,b ! words r+ true if we are will+ to accept ! ref9$ psy*ological realism ( ,rac9e z equally wor?y to ! title ) ! physiological naturalism ( our m sci5tific age4 ,our :ole conception ( ,rac9e's art falls into l9e ) ?is view1 & 8 con/ant solicitude = an easy & natural intrigue 9 ! /ructure ( 8 trag$ies may be br\ght home to ! same heal?y impulse ( 8 m9d4 ,0 x n ,faguet :o ma9ta9$ t s natural inde$ 7 ! processes ( 8 plots t a happy end+ w\ld h alone be5 ne$$ to make any ( 8 trag$ies1 ) "s add$ modicum ( wit1 9 all ess5tial features a com$y t ,molire might h p5n$8 ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury1 on ! o!r h&1 9 deal+ ) ,rac9e is seem+ly sway$ by "s innate prejudice1 or he c\ld h>dly h d5i$ ! poet a high moral "*1 m]ely grant+ him ! possession ( great %rewdness & disc]nm5t4 ,true passion1 he rem>ks1 0 n popul> ) ! cr[d1 b love-mak+1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld draw1 & love-mak+ accord+ly is ! /aple ( all 8 plays4 ,x is aga9/ ?is view1 & aga9/ ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury's fur!r op9ion t ! trag$y ( ,rac9e is at ! fur!/ remove f an imitation ( ,nature1 t ,pr(essor ,d[d5 makes a /rong & timely prote/4 ,:ile applaud+1 h[ev]1 ! value ( su* novel op9ions 9 ,engli% criticism at lea/1 we may suspect t 9 8 desire to cl9* 8 argum5ts ! au?or may h driv5 ! nail too ru?lessly home4 ,& s x w\ld appe> :5 we seek 9 va9 = any /atem5t :i* conta9s ! %ad[ ( a ju/ification = ! exi/5ce ( t p[]ful prcieux _s aga9/ :i* ! great] classici/s rebell$4 ,we are too incl9$ to take ,molire's ^w = x t !y 7 solely ridicul\s1 =gett+ ! explicit res]ve ( 8 preface--aussi les vritables prcieuses aurai5t tort de se piqu] lorsqu'on j\e les ridicules qui les imit5t mal4 ,s let u !n give ! ,prcieuses cr$it = :at !y did conf] to ! advantage ( lett]s amid s mu* folly1 &1 weigh+ ! matt] c>efully1 _! gift to lit]ature am\nts to ?is3 ,fir/1 amid mu* l+ui/ic & metaphorical p$antry !y 7 free f ! equally damag+ & ridicul\s p$antry ( a labor$ erudition :i* p]vad$ ! lit]ature ( ! day4 ,9 ! second place1 :e!r we reg>d x z an advantage or ! contr>y1 _! influ5ce made directly aga9/ ! lic5ti\sness ( ! esprit gaulois1 & = polit5ess & dec5cy 9 expression2 & z a ?ird c\nt 9 _! favor c we d\bt t /ra9+ z !y did to express ! nuances ( s5tim5t & gallantry1 !y 7 in/rum5tal 9 /imulat+ t ardor ( m5tal analysis :i* is ( all ?+s ! di/+ui%+ m>k ( ! c5tury8 ,a ^w f9ally might h be5 said ) a view to elucidat+ ! inh]5t div]g5ce ( ! prcieux _s f our own ,euphuism1 f ! ,m>9ism ( ,italy1 or ! ,gongorism ( ,spa92 a div]g5ce due c]ta9ly to ! fact t ! prcieuses alli$ !mselves to1 & accord+ly /r5g!n$1 t _s ( social coh]5ce s *>act]i/ic ( ! life & lett]s ( ! "t 9 ,france1 :]eas ! influ5ces ( simil> movem5ts abroad 7 m transitory1 inasmu* z 9 "s degree m isolat$ & t5tative4 ,! *apt] devot$ to ! sev5te5? c5tury closes ) a critical review ( ! s]ies ( great prea*]s & !ologians :o h left _! m>k m or less ^u ! developm5t ( ?\ght1 :ile _! lit]>y significance c be comp>atively slight$ 9 a hi/ory ( ?is k9d2 & ! *apt] :i* discusses ! transition to ! eighte5? c5tury broa*es que/ions ( su* l>ge issue t an exhau/ive treatm5t ( !m 0 n to be expect$4 ,su* are ! memorable qu>rel ( ! ,anci5ts & ! ,mod]ns1 & ! philosophe idea ( p]fectibility & human progress4 ,! *apt] closes ) an acc\nt ( ! great protagoni/ & pione] 9 ! w>f>e aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 ! pati5t1 plodd+1 dang]\s ,pi]re ,bayle4 ,s effectually 0 8 tea*+ absorb$ by ,voltaire & ! encyclop$i/s t he is read no long]2 b l[ z 8 flame has sunk1 he rema9s "o ( ! beacons light+ u ov] ! lurid ?re%old ( ! c5tury ( /rife4 ,we are 9 safe h&s :5 x is ,pr(essor ,d[d5 :o guides u on ! highways & bypa?s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 b by v reason ( 8 accurate k ( ! gr\nd :]eon he treads we are disappo9t$ :5 he fails to po9t out to u "s special feature ( ! l&scape4 ,beauties we c\ld h>dly hope to meet ) on our j\rney4 ,!re 0 n sap en\gh 9 t arid soil to n\ri% fl[]s1 or s5d a flu% ( liv+ gre5 ov] hill & valley4 ,! mo/ s]i\s omission is to h left entirely out ( acc\nt ! exce$+ly int]e/+ reaction>y influ5ces t leap$ back & =? across ! ,*annel :5 ,m>ivaux's romances 7 dev\r$ 9 ,engl&1 & ,ri*>dson's ,pamela 0 9 e ,fr5* pocket l>ge en\gh to hold x4 ,x is 9 itself /ill an op5 "q :i* ( ^! two au?ors ex]t$ ! initial influ5ce on ! o!r1 al?\gh eighte5?-c5tury criticism inv>iably held t 9 ,m>ianne ,ri*>dson f\nd 8 inspiration4 ,a great deal ( int]e/ atta*es to an explanation ( ! causes ( ,le ,sage's decl9e 9 popul>ity1 & ?is "q likewise ,pr(essor ,d[d5 has n adequately pres5t$4 ,le ,sage saw ! imp]ative ne$ ( m$iat+ betwe5 ! /ilt$ h]oic romances la ,scudry & ! grotesque trave/ies ( ,sc>ron & ,furetire4 ,inspir$ by ! pic>oon romances ( ,spa91 he produc$1 amid mu* inf]ior "w1 ,gil ,blas1 a ma/]piece 9 its k9d4 ,! plot is loose-jo9t$1 ! composition nil1 b ! book teems ) su* v]ve & vigor t x /ill pulses ) an ab\nd+ life :5 ,m>ivaux & ,ri*>dson slumb] on our %elves4 ,yet we mu/ admit t ! *>act]s are vagabonds1 & ! s5tim5t n )\t co>s5ess4 ,love :5 n slight$ is ridicul$1 & metaphysical analysis & moral disquisitions are bo? refre%+ly abs5t f ! book4 ,h5ce ,le ,sage's claims on our consid]ation z ! prog5itor ( naturalism 9 romance1 b on ?is acc\nt also ! reaction>y wave aga9/ :i* he _h to buffet 9 8 decl9+ ye>s4 ,m>ivaux1 on ! o!r h&1 saw ! ne$ ( m$iat+ betwe5 ! /ilt$ h]oics ( ,scudry & :at he deem$ ! ignoble realism ( ,le ,sage4 ,9 ?is resolve he elevat$ ! *>act]s to b\rgeois rank1 & ab&on+ ! empty love rhetoric ( ! old romances1 he br\ght ! acut5ess ( an analytic m9d to be> on ! exploitation ( ! t5d] passion2 & a consci5ti\s ?\gh desultory ef=t is made to /udy subtle phases ( "* 9 ! light ( surr\nd+ circum/ances4 ,despite ! artificial prcieuse qualities ( 8 /yle1 & ! unf9i%$ condition ( 8 novels1 ,m>ivaux enjoy$ an extraord9>y popul>ity 9 8 day4 ,! same problem repeats itself on a l>g] scale :5 we transf] our att5tion to ,ri*>dson1 ^: works1 translat$ & popul>iz$ by ,prvo/1 7 read ) ! greate/ avidity 9 ,france4 ,7 n ^! su* influ5ces z ,pr(essor ,d[d5's pr(\nd k ( ,engli% lit]ature w\ld h qualifi$ him to illu/rate ) m precision ?an has yet be5 br\ght to be> ^u !m2 & 0 x n 9 po9t ( fact almo/ imp]ative = him to deal s]i\sly ) su* an important !me 9 ! int]national lit]>y hi/ory ( nations8 ,! pages :i* ,pr(essor ,d[d5 devotes to ,voltaire1 al?\gh brilliant1 are n suffici5tly sugge/ive ( ! extraord9>y influ5ce :i* t mo/ celebrat$ ( writ]s ex]cis$4 ,x 0 9 no uncritical _s t ,mr4 ,morley wrote3 ,! exi/5ce1 "*1 & c>e] ( ?is extraord9>y p]son con/itut$ 9 !mselves a new & prodigi\s era4 ,! peculi>ities ( 8 individual g5ius *ang$ ! m9d & spiritual con=mation ( ,france1 & 9 a less degree ( ! :ole ( ! ,we/1 ) z f>-spread+ & inv9cible an effect z if ! "w _h be5 :olly done1 z x 0 actually aid$1 by ! sweep ( deep-ly+ collective =ces4 ,a new type ( belief1 & ( its %ad[1 disbelief1 0 /amp$ by ! impression ( 8 "* & "w into ! intellig5ce & feel+ ( 8 own & mod]n times4 ,nor w ,villema9 be accus$ ( rapt en?usiasm :5 he writes1 ,c'e/ le plus puissant r5ovateur des esprits depuis ,lu!r1 et l'homme qui a mis le plus en commun les ides de l',europe p> sa gloire1 sa longue vie1 son m]veilleux esprit et son univ]selle cl>t4 ,! /range/ fact to contemplate ) reg>d to ?is unrival$ popul>ity1 ?is a/oni%+ range ( influ5ce1 is t x truly con/itutes an apo!osis ( sup]ficiality4 ,& ?is 9 no disp>ag+ _s ( ,c>lylese disda9 = cle> ideas ar\nd :i* hang no mi/s ( oracul> obscurity1 b r by way ( tribute to a he>t t beat responsively to human suff]+1 to a m9d ke5ly s5sible ( human wrongs4 ,voltaire reject$ ! subtleties ( metaphysical ?\ght1 0 inde$ incapable ( atta9+ to ! heights ( speculative contemplation2 he 0 only pret]naturally s5sitive to ! moral defects ( ?is imp]fect _w1 & det]m9$ to b5d all 8 ef=ts to ! alleviation ( inju/ice & ( crime4 ,z a fur!r concession to 8 sup]ficiality z a ?9k] we may frankly admit 8 incapacity to orig9ate new ideas4 ,8 m9d inde$ 0 extraord9>ily receptive1 8 intellectual curiosity unlimit$1 & ho/ile critics h avail$ !mselves ( ?is v receptivity z a m$ium ( attack ^u 8 orig9ality4 ,!y are free to pursue him on t score1 b x does n appreciably detract f 8 greatness 9 ! eyes ( po/]ity to recognize t ,bayle be=e him _h prea*$ ! doctr9e ( tol]ation2 t ,montesquieu _h advocat$ ! abolition ( torture & ( slav]y1 & ! sanctity ( social in/itutions1 or t ,boileau =soo? _h upheld ! dignity ( classical =mulas 9 matt]s lit]>y4 ,x is r 9 ! mobility ( 8 m9d & 9 ! impressionability ( 8 temp]am5t t we %\ld seek = an explanation ( a philosophical di/urbance 9 8 ideas4 ,x is n an actual m5tal confusion t ,i ref] to1 = 8 diction is nev] m limpid ?an 9 ! expression ( 8 easy p]sonal beliefs2 b a c]ta9 intellectual inconsi/5cy 9 8 habits ( ?\ght makes x impossible = u to hold him d[n to any def9ite set ( op9ions :i* we c reg>d z a g5u9e confession ( fai?4 ,& ?is is a vital *>act]i/ic ( skeptical m9ds ( 8 /amp1 swiftly receptive1 & z op5 z ! day to ea* new intellectual impulse z x arises4 ,?us we mu/ attribute to 8 capacity = m5tal developm5t1 z well z to ! n>r[ness ( 8 philosophical range1 ! _m contradictions :i* 8 writ+s exhibit 9 su* matt]s ( intellectual belief z are wont to give a p]man5t bias ( ?\ght to m9ds less volatile & al]t4 ,are we to reg>d him z an optimi/ or a pessimi/8 a believ] 9 immortality or devotee ( annihilation8 a fatali/ or spirituali/ 9 hi/ory8 an advocate ( free w or det]m9ism8 ,we c n say1 & ,m4 ,faguet has amus$ himself ) support+ ea* ( ^! op9ions 9 turn ^u its appropriate text1 ^: cle>ness is beyond dispute4 ,if !re 0 "o set ( op9ions to :i* ,voltaire may be said to h some:at consi/5tly adh]$ ,i may in/ance 8 vague & insipid deism1 :i* relegat$ to ,god ! rle ( an abs5tee l&lord 9 ?is poor _w :i* he creat$ & gov]ns by absolute law1 b 9 ^: affairs he only int]v5es :5 ! dea? r5t is to be collect$4 ,he inf]s a creative ,god f ! argum5t ( ! clockmak] & ! clock1 b takes extreme pleasure 9 %[+ h[ sadly ! poor ma*9e is out ( ord]4 ,8 idea ( ! social utility ( an av5g+ & rew>d+ ,god mu/ ( c\rse be reg>d$ z a freak ( intellectual caprice1 & yet 8 timid political in/9cts made him reg>d ! t]roriz+ influ5ce ( ! doctr9e ( hell ) "s complac5cy z a re/ra9+ =ce ^u ! un?9k+ masses4 ,! /ory is well kn[n ( ! a!i/ic conv]sation betwe5 ,d',alemb]t & ,condorcet at ,voltaire's table1 :o summ>ily dismiss$ ! s]vants f ! room ) ! rem>k3 ,ma9t5ant1 messieurs1 v\s p\vez cont9u]4 ,je craignais seulem5t d'tre gorg cette nuit4 ,! ,dictionnaire philosophique confirms ! flippant utilit>ian po9t ( view1 :i* we mu/ bew>e ( reg>d+ z a p]sonal conviction4 ,i insi/ p>ticul>ly on ! immortality ( ! s\l1 because !re is no?+ to :i* ,i hold m ?an ! idea ( hell4 ,we h to d ) a ho/ ( rogues :o h nev] ?\ght2 a cr[d ( petty p1 brutes & drunk>ds & ?ieves4 ,prea* to !m if y w t !re is no hell & t ! s\l is mortal4 ,z = me ,i w cry 9 _! e>s t !y are damn$ if !y rob me4 ,x is ne$less to add t convictions ( ?is em95tly practical nature did n s]i\sly hamp] ,voltaire 9 8 anti-religi\s crusade4 ,to e bran* ( lett]s ,voltaire br\ght ! same spl5did qualities ( m9d1 & ne$ ,i add ! same defective qualities ( consci5ce & c>elessness ( ! tru? :5 8 p]sonal glory or 8 mat]ial advancem5t 7 conc]n$8 ,! sordid pages ( 8 life w\ld we>y u 9 ! turn+1 yet 8 native g5]osity & sympa?y incl9e u to *>ity2 & x is wond]ful h[ 8 nev]-fail+ wit c temp] 8 v9dictiv5ess = u1 n[ t ! /+ has lo/ its liv+ poison4 ,i h ref]r$ to ,pr(essor ,d[d5's unsatisfactory treatm5t ( ! int]national reactions :i* *>act]ize ! lit]>y hi/ory ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,!re is ano!r omission :i* ,i h rem>k$ 9 ! book on a rep]usal ( ! pages devot$ to ,r\sseau & ! encyclop$i/s4 ,x might h be5 easily )9 ! scope ( a lit]>y /ory ( ev5 mod]ate dim5sions to h m explicitly acc\nt$ = ! crumbl+ ( ! old classical ideal1 to h %[n t ! once impregnable citadel ( classical art 0 rott5 at ! base1 & t ^? :o /ill def5d$ ! imag9>y /ronghold 7 !mselves ! unconsci\s ag5ts ( its de/ruction4 ,) ref]5ce to ! irreligi\s influ5ces ( ,c>tesianism & ! philosophical sy/em ( ,bayle ,i %all say no m1 save t ! evid5t loss 9 pre/ige ( ! traditional religi\s fai?1 comb9$ z x 0 ) ! rapid dec5tralization ( ! sov]eign p[] 9 ! /ate1 mu/ p]=ce make impossible ! survival ( lit]ature on ! old national basis4 ,aga91 9 po9t ( pure art a decl9e 0 inevitable 9 connection ) ! revival ( ,c>tesianism among writ]s ( ! /amp ( ,font5elle2 = _! pre/ige 0 syn*ron\s ) ! triumph ( ! mod]n p>ty 9 ! fam\s qu>rel2 & no /ud5t ( ! ,art ,potique w fail to appreciate ! /hetical significance ( an ab&onm5t ( classical /&>ds ( ta/e z an unimpea*able canon ( art4 ,def5d+ z ,boileau did ! supreme value ( reason & good s5se1 :at ju/ification c\ld he h f\nd = poetry unless he _h prov$ to ! satisfaction ( 8 g5]ation t poetry bett] ?an any o!r mode ( expression c\ld r5d] p]man5t ! prompt+s ( ! div9] reason1 z witness ! et]nal monum5ts ( anci5t art 9 ! doma9 ( poetry8 ,! triumph ( ! mod]ns !n turn$ m5's faces 9 o!r directions1 & :e!r lit]>y art %\ld h5ce=w>d advance or decl9e1 x mu/ at lea/ /rike root 9 a new] soil4 ,! inroads ( s5sibility into ,fr5* lit]ature1 z exemplifi$ 9 ,m>ivaux & ,prvo/ 9 ! ?irties1 foll[$ swiftly by ! rank & file1 also wr\ght havoc 9 ! old classical me?od1 ?\gh ?is fact may n )\t fur!r reflection be conc$$4 ,b 9 ! broad realm ( psy*ological obs]vation1 :]e classic art _h reign$ supreme1 ! influx ( a c]ta9 morbid s5sibility /rangely w>p$ ! m5tal vision ( ! obs]v]4 ,did]ot1 a v]itable s9n] himself 9 ?is respect1 admits z mu* 9 an ungu>d$ mom5t3 ,l'homme s5sible e/ trop ab&onn la m]ci de son diaphragme 444 p\r tre un pr(ond obs]vateur et consquemm5t un sublime imitateur de la nature4 ,e "o kn[s ,voltaire's nave /atem5t :i* be>s condemnatory evid5ce to ! bluntness ( 8 psy*ology4 ,la nature e/ p>t\t la mme4 ,& is x n1 we ask1 ?is enigmatical typical man1 out ( space & out ( "t1 = :om ! *im]ical !ories ( univ]sal p]fectibility 7 soon to be wov58 ,x is inconte/ably true1 !n1 t ! "* ( human obs]vation und]goes a s5sible alt]ation 9 ! c\rse ( ! c5tury1 & t :]eas ! individual man _h be5 h]et(ore /udi$ inasmu* z he 0 9 himself ( typical value1 h5ce=w>d n man ! individual w be ! object ( /udy1 b ! obs]vation ( human relations w usurp ! field1 & psy*ological analysis w yield to social inve/igation4 ,i w\ld add a ^w or two by way ( conclusion to illu/rate h[ ! encyclop$i/s 9 _! propag&a1 aid$ 9 "p by ! co9cid5t influ5ce ( ,r\sseau1 e/abli%$ ideals ( ?\ght & conduct :i* 7 9 ! mo/ viol5t contra/ to ! ideals *]i%$ 9 ! prec$+ c5tury4 ,( c\rse1 we readily und]/& t ! encyclop$i/s ?rew to ! f\r corn]s ( heav5 ! outworn respect ( religi\s & political tradition4 ,fur!rmore1 we may ask ourselves :at x is :i* 9 a s5se makes ,molire & ,la ,fonta9e isolat$ 9 _! c5tury2 & ! answ] w n be f> to seek :5 we realize t ^! two alone ( all _! fell[s urg$ ! suspect$ au?ority ( in/9ct z a suffici5t guide = conduct4 ,yet h[ f> 7 n ev5 ^! bold] spirits f ! natural man ( ,r\sseau or ( ,did]ot8 ,! views ( ! two c5turies conc]n+ ! au?ority ( reason seem at fir/ sight to co9cide1 yet1 :ile be>+ ,boileau 9 m9d1 we c confid5tly ass]t t ! doctr9e ( ! sov]eignty ( reason 0 n e/abli%$ z a pr9ciple ( ?\ght until ! culm9at+ ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,pascal's taisez-v\s raison imbcile indicates h[ attemp]$ & att5uat$ by spiritual fai? 7 ! dictates ( pure reason 9 8 day1 & ! reason ( ,boileau1 z ,i h already obs]v$1 0 /rongly t+$ ) /heticism4 ,i ne$ n1 ) ref]5ce to eighte5?-c5tury reason wor%ip1 g fur!r ?an to ref] ! curi\s ( enlight5m5t on ! subject to ! ma/]ly works ( ,morley on ! p]iod 9 "q1 9 :i* x is precisely ?is unfl9*+ devotion to reason or unreason 7if ! sage ( ,*elsea w h x ?us7 :i* /imulates 8 calm & logical temp]am5t to positive en?usiasm4 ,a la/ elem5t ( contra/ betwe5 ! c5turies is ( int]e/ 9 connection ) ! habitual mode ( ?\ght :i* ,godw9 & 8 political disciple ,%elley borr[$ f eighte5?-c5tury ,fr5* s\rces ) ref]5ce to ! true relations subsi/+ betwe5 laws & morals4 ,! sev5te5?-c5tury m9d held t5aci\sly en\gh to ! !ory t x is ! moeurs ( a nation t inspire ! laws1 b ! encyclop$i/s 7 inspir$ 9 _! undy+ hope ( amelioration & human progress to p]fectibility by ! contr>y !ory t m51 aft] all1 are only bad because ! laws h made !m s4 ,x may be conc$$1 !n1 t ^! broad relations ( lit]>y movem5ts "o ) ! o!r1 ! conflict ( conv]g+ t5d5cies1 & ! m evid5t causes ( ! gr[? & decay ( p[]ful manife/ations ( a nation's ?\ght1 are ( q suffici5t mom5t to h m]it$ full] treatm5t at ! h&s ( ! em95t critic :o has 9 all o!r respects fulfill$ 8 task s admirably1 t hav+ reg>d to ! necess>y conditions ( ! subject1 x w\ld be above criticism if any?+ c\ld be4 ,,! ,,botany ,,( ,,%akespe>e4 ,,by ,,?omas ,h4 ,,macbride4 ,! univ]sality ( ,%akespe>e is ! common rem>k ( critics4 ,o!r great m5 h be5 v]satile2 ,%akespe>e alone is univ]sal4 ,he alone ( all great m5 seems to h be5 able to foll[ 8 own advice1 to hold z x 7 ! mirror up to ,nature4 ,on ! cle> surface ( 8 ?\ght1 z on a deep ,alp9e lake1 ! :ole %ore lies reflect$--n alone ! cl\ds1 ! sky1 ! woods1 ! ca/les1 ! rocks1 ! m\nta9 pa? by :i* ! %eph]d /rolls2 n alone ! broad highway by :i* may m>* ! k+ 9 spl5dor ! peasant ) 8 wa92 b ev5 ! humbl] objects by ! /ill wat]'s edge1 ! trodd5 grass1 ! flutt]+ s$ge1 ! brok5 re$1 ! t9ie/ fl[]1 all ?+s1 all ,nature 9 action or repose f9ds c\nt]p>t )9 ! glassy dep?s4 ,h5ce x is t no man1 at lea/ no ,engli%-speak+ man1 reads ,%akespe>e wrong4 ,ev]ybody und]/&s him4 ,"h is a sort ( ,anglo-,saxon ,bible 9 :i*1 s f> z ! _w goes1 e s\l f9ds himself1 ) all 8 hopes1 8 d\bts1 8 :ims1 depict$4 ,we are !re=e n surpris$ t ev]ybody claims a %>e 9 ,%akespe>e2 r claims ! poet z 8 own4 ,! ,prote/ant is sure t ,%akespe>e despis$ ! hi]>*y2 ! ,romani/ is q z c]ta9 t he lov$ ! ,*ur*4 ,!re exi/s an essay to prove him a ,presbyt]ian2 ano!r to %[ t ! great dramati/ 0 a ,univ]sali/4 ,a volume has be5 writt5 to prove ! man a soldi]2 ano!r t he 0 a lawy]1 a pr9t]1 a fi%]man1 a freemason2 & "h are five or six articles to %[ t ,%akespe>e 0 a g>d5]4,u ,footnote ,u3 ,9 prep>ation ( ?is article ! au?or has consult$ *iefly ! foll[+3 ,john ,g]>de1 ,! ,h]ball or ,g5]al ,hi/orie ( ,plants1 #aeig2 ,%aksp]e1 ,edw>d ,d[d51 #ahgb2 ,william ,%akespe>e1 ,works1 ,globe edition1 #ahfg2 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,%akespe>e1 ,bessie ,may\1 #ahgg2 ,%akespe>e's ,engl&1 ,william ,w9t]1 #ahid2 ,! ,plant lore & ,g>d5-craft ( ,%akespe>e1 ,h4 ,f4 ,ellacombe1 #ahif2 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle1 sundry pamphlets1 & %ort] articles4 ,all ?is simply means t ! poet _h a m>vel\s faculty = close obs]v+2 t 8 vision 0 accurate1 8 in/9ct wond]fully true4 ,x may be !re=e wor? our :ile to /udy = a little ?is rem>kable man f ! /&po9t ( a naturali/1 to see h[ he :o s vividly pa9ts a passion c pa9t a fl[]2 h[ ! man :o limns a "*1 till beyond ! photograph x />ts to actuality1 w cat* ! ess5tial feature ( "s natural tru?4 ,we %all n[h]e lack = mat]ial4 ,! plays are full ( ref]5ces to plants & fl[]s ( e sort4 ,engl& 9 ,%akespe>e's day1 z n[1 0 a l& ( bloom1 & ! poet b reflects ! lovel9ess ( beauty & color spread ab\t him4 ,b he does some?+ m4 ,he is n cont5t ) fla%es ( color & brea?+s ( odor1 he goes into detail & gives u ! individual plant unmi/akably4 ,9 8 description he %[s an exactitude1 a discrim9at+ p]ception t1 _h x be5 turn$ to ,nature's problems s]i\sly at all1 mu/ at once h trans=m$ ! sci5ce ( 8 age4 ,b ,%akespe>e 0 n a man ( sci5ce2 he 0 a poet4 ,9 8 views ( ,nature he resembles ! great poets ( ! _w1 notably ,goe!2 &1 l ,goe!1 he n infrequ5tly outruns ! sci5ce ( 8 "t1 uses 8 imag9ation1 div9+ ?+s invisible4 ,moreov]1 ,%akespe>e's plants are liv+ ?+s2 !y =m a g>d51 n a h]b>ium4 ,!y /& be=e u 9 multitudes1 s t x is difficult = ! pres5t purpose to "k :at to select4 ,we mu/ be cont5t ) a few specim5 =ms br\ght out 9 quotations no m ext5sive ?an seems necess>y to ! argum5t4 ,( c\rse1 !re are _m plants to-day discuss$ ( :i* ,%akespe>e nev] he>d4 ,he does n speak ( _m sorts ( fungi1 ( slime molds1 microbes2 he knew no?+ ab\t ^!4 ,! microscope _h h>dly be5 inv5t$1 & ! unse5 _w 0 z yet l>gely p]sonifi$4 ,& yet ,%akespe>e has n fail$ to note ! visible signs ( "s ( our microscopic =ms4 ,critics h wa/$ _! "t & ! pati5ce ( mank9d 9 an ef=t to id5tify ,hebona1 ! lep]\s di/ilm5t p\r$ into ! por*es ( ! royal e>4 ,almo/ pr(itless are su* discussions4 ,yet we may note t we h "h to d ) an effect2 ! means ( produc+ x ne$ n be too closely que/ion$4 ,be=e ! ru% ( action1 ! weird sett+1 ! voice ( an app>ition1 ! excit$ audi5ce c>es n :at ! my/]i\s vial may conta9--ebony1 h5bane1 yew1 or :e!r x 7 entirely empty4 ,:at is call$ = is a spe$y & my/]i\s tak+ (f4 ,_h ! sc5e be5 laid 9 ,italy1 ! effect _h be5 rea*$ by ! fateful prick ( a jewel$ p91 "s r+ ^u a ,borgian f+] ^: pressure 0 ! p>alysis ( dea?4 ,b ! k+ di$ ( no su* cur>i4 ,note ! symptoms 7,hamlet1 i1 #e1 #fd-gc73 ,! lep]\s di/ilm5t2 ^: effect ,holds su* an enmity ) blood ( man ,t swift z quicksilv] x c\rses ?r\gh ,! natural gates & alleys ( ! body1 ,& ) a sudd5 vig\r x do? posset ,& curd1 l eag] dropp+s into milk1 ,! ?9 & :olesome blood2 s did x m9e2 ,& a mo/ in/ant tett] b>k$ ab\t1 ,mo/ laz>-l1 ) vile & loa?some cru/1 ,all my smoo? body4 ,^! are ! symptoms ( blood-poison+1 vividly portray$2 ( "s contagion1 communicable by infection4 ,9 f\l old ,london ,%akespe>e _h d\btless se5 endemic1 zymotic diseases ( e description1 & drew 8 picture f ! life4 ,royal blood is notori\sly uns\nd1 royal habit leaves ! por*es ( royal e>s especially expos$4 ,on our supposition ! vial ne$ n h conta9$ v mu*1 n ev5 ebony4 ,! dramati/ _h pl5ty ( my/]y ready to 8 h&1 & ! ,hebona is p]haps int5tionally ambigu\s4 ,bact]ial diseases 7 ( old call$ plagues2 !y fell f heav54 ,li/5 to ,k+ ,le>3 ,n[1 all ! plagues t 9 ! p5dul\s air ,hang fat$ o'er m5's faults1 light on my daught]s6 ,or ,caliban3 ,all ! infections t ! sun sucks up ,f bogs1 f5s1 flats1 on ,prosp] fall & make him ,by in*-meal a disease6 ,or !y 7 attribut$1 z already intimat$1 to unse5 p]sonal ag5cies3 ,?is is ! f\l fi5d ,flibb]tigibbet3 he beg9s at curfew1 & walks till ! fir/ cock2 he gives ! web & ! p91 squ9ts ! eye1 & makes ! h>e-lip2 mildews ! :ite :eat1 & hurts ! poor creature ( e>?4 ,i quote ?is latt] r also to %[ ! accuracy & compass ( ,%akespe>e's vision4 ,h[ _m p1 n f>m]s1 h se5 :eat :it5$ by ! blight6 ,& t is exactly ! description1 :ite n to ! h>ve/1 b :it] /ill to /]ility & dea?4 ,b leav+ aside all microscopic =ms :i* may or may n be incid5tally t\*$ ^u ev]y:]e1 we may turn our att5tion next to cryptogamic plants :i* are positively def9$4 ,! sudd5 spr++ ( mu%rooms1 = in/ance1 especially at night1 s unreal & yet realities )al1 made _! creation a suitable trick = ,prosp]o3 ,y demi-puppets t ,by moon%9e d ! gre5 s\r r+lets make1 ,:]e( ! ewe n bites1 & y ^: pa/ime ,is to make midnight mu%rooms1 t rejoice ,to he> ! solemn curfew4 ,! gre5 s\r r+lets on ! fields :]e( ! ewe n bites are fairy r+s4 ,! same ?+ appe>s 9 ! spee* ( ,dame ,quickly3 ,& nightly1 mead[-fairies1 look y s+1 ,l to ! ,g>t]'s compass1 9 a r+2 ,! expressure t x be>s1 gre5 let x be1 ,m f]tile-fre% ?an all ! field to see4 ,fungi1 toad/ools1 mu%rooms1 & s =?1 are fructifications only2 ! vegetative "p ( ! plants p]meates ! soil1 fe$s on its organic matt]1 & spreads almo/ equally1 we may assume1 9 all directions f ! po9t ( />t+4 ,:5 n[ ?is vegetative gr[? has accumulat$ en]gy to =m fruit1 ! sporoc>ps or mu%rooms rise all ar\nd at ! limits ( activity2 h5ce1 9 a circle4 ,! fungi cut a small figure 9 ,%akespe>e--i4 e41 consid]+ _! numb]s & almo/ omnipres5ce4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t !y 7 at t "t /udi$ by few1 _! significance & int]e/ little suspect$4 ,!y =m$ "p ( ! realm ( ! _w unse52 !y came & w5t at ! in/ance ( p[]s unkn[n1 mo/ly p]sonifi$1 imag9>y1 a mi/y population1 ! ?\ght ( :i* kept = long ages ! *ildhood ( our race 9 t]ror4 ,%akespe>e saw ! =ms ( un/udi$ plants1 ev]y?+ visible to ! nak$ eye1 & really omitt$ v little4 ,he speaks ( mosses--! li*5s 7 includ$ ) !m--*iefly z indicative ( age 9 ! object 9 :i* !y re/3 ,"u an oak1 ^: b\ghs 7 moss$ ) age ,& high top bald ) dry antiquity4 ,!n aga9 he simply t\*es !m1 b 9 su* a way z to reveal 8 full appreciation ( _! beauty1 z 9 ,cymbel9e1 iv1 #b4 ,= ! decoration ( ,imog5's grave ! ruddock w\ld br+ fl[]s-- 444 br+ !e all ?is2 ,yea1 & furr'd moss besides1 :5 fl[]s are none1 ,to w9t]-gr\nd ?y corse4 ,! furr$ moss to w9t]-gr\nd ?y corse is exquisite4 ,f]ns1 ?\gh s mu* l>g]1 s h&some1 & 9 our day s all-attractive1 fail$ g5]ally to impress our fa!rs4 ,butl]1 writ+ 9 #afgj1 has ?is to say3 ,!y spr+ l f]n1 t infant we$1 ,equivocally )\t a se$1 ,& h no possible f\ndation ,b m]ely 9 ?' imag9ation4 ,n[1 z f> z ,%akespe>e 0 conc]n$1 f]ns answ]$ 8 purpose )\t se$ j z well z ) su* visible means ( p]petuity4 ,8 only ref]5ce is ,i ,h5ry1 iv1 :]e ,gad%ill says3 ,we h ! receipt ( f]n-se$1 we walk invisible2 & ,*amb]la9 replies3 ,nay1 by my fai?1 ,i ?9k y are m belong+ to ! ,night ?an to f]n-se$ = y\r walk+ invisible4 ,9 ?is connection ,ellacombe sugge/s ! doctr9e ( signatures4 ,! ,god ( ,nature _h writt5 = u 8 human *ildr5 prescriptions all ov] ! leafy _w4 ,! rem$y indicat$ by its =m its own application4 ,?us a he>t-%ap$ leaf 0 good m$ic9e = c>diac tr\bles1 a lung-l leaf 0 good = consumption1 a lungwort 9 fact1 & s a liv]wort1 a sple5wort1 & ! l4 ,g]>de1 &1 9 fact1 all ! old m$ical writ]s ?r\gh\t ! c5turies1 are full ( ?is4 ,n[1 :at m natural ?an t a plant :i* c\ld ?us p]petuate itself age aft] age by means invisible %\ld be able to conf] ! mu*-s\ght gift ( invisibility1 ! p[] to disappe> & reappe> at pleasure8 ,_m p s believ$4 ,%akespe>e appe>s to h be5 skeptical4 ,turn we n[ to ! fl[]+ plants3 ! am\nt ( mat]ial at our disposal1 z already indicat$1 is imm5se4 ,%akespe>e 0 evid5tly a great lov] ( fl[]s simply z su*4 ,8 pages f fir/ to la/ are ornate ) color1 almo/ r$ol5t ( roses1 lilies1 eglant9e1 ) e conceivable metaphor & trope--! bud ( love1 ! nettle ( dang]1 ! fl[] ( safety4 ,_! lovely %apes are ev] be=e him2 he is spellb\nd ) _! beauty4 ,engl& itself is a sea-wall$ g>d54 ,grammatical =ms may vani%1 if only ! fl[] may live4 ,comp>e ,cymbel9e1 ii1 #c3 ,h>k1 h>k6 ! l>k at heav5's gate s+s1 ,& ,phoebus 'g9s arise1 ,8 /e$s to wat] at ^? spr+s ,on *alic$ fl[]s t lies4 ,! image ( ! morn+ fl[]s1 ! fi]y /e$s t dr9k !m dry1 %all fasc9ate u s t we =get ! gramm>4 ,x w n d to say lie2 ! ^w mu/ rhyme ) arise1 & fur!r on ) eyes3 ,& w9k+ ,m>y-buds beg9 ,to ope _! gold5 eyes3 ,) ev]y?+ t pretty is1 ,my lady sweet arise4 ,= ! ,que5 ( ! ,fairies he spreads ?is sort ( a c\*3 ,i "k a bank :]e ! wild ?yme bl[s1 ,:]e oxlips & ! nodd+ violet gr[s1 ,q ov]-canopi$ ) lusci\s woodb9e1 ,) sweet musk-roses & ) eglant9e3 ,!re sleeps ,titania sometime ( ! night1 ,lull$ 9 ^! fl[]s ) dances & delight1 etc4 ,su* cases reveal ! impress1 ! heal?y1 happy impress :i* ,nature c\ld ex]cise on ?is ! =emo/ man ( all ! _w1 ! h>mony betwe5 ,nature & ,nature's *ild4 ,all ! plants 9 ! la/ quotation are wild fl[]s1 except ! musk-roses1 & ^! are s common 9 ,engl& z to be almo/ wild4 ,! eglant9e 0 ! sweetbri]1 said to be wild 9 all ! s\!rn "p ( ! isl& & popul> 9 ! lit]ature ( all record$ c5turies4 ,g]>de describes z foll[s3 ,! leaves are glitt]+1 ( beautiful gre5 color1 ( smell mo/ pleasant4444 ,! fruit :5 x is ripe make? mo/ pleasant meats1 & banquet+ di%es1 z t>ts & su* l1 ! mak+ :]e( ,i commit to ! cunn+ cook1 & tee? to eat !m 9 ! ri* man's m\?4 ,! sweetness ( ! leaf ( ! eglant9e is ref]r$ to by ,%akespe>e 9 ano!r passage :i* ,i v5ture to quote n[ = ano!r purpose1 to %[ ! accuracy ( 8 description z appli$ to simple fl[]s4 ,! l9es are f ! sc5e quot$ be=e4 ,arviragus & ,guid]ius w\ld bury ! swoon+ ,imog54 ,!y ?9k h] dead 7,cymbel9e1 iv1 #b73 ,i'll sweet5 ?y sad grave3 ?\ %alt n lack ,! fl[] t's l ?y face1 pale primrose2 nor ,! azur$ h>ebell1 l ?y ve9s2 no1 nor ,! leaf ( eglant9e1 :om n to sl&]1 ,out-sweet5$ n ?y brea?4 ,primroses :5 pale are ! pale/ ( all )]+ plants4 ,! fl[]s *ange color ) maturity1 especially aft] f]tilization4 ,! pal5ess ( ! primrose is ! pallor ( decay4 ,b ! azure h>ebell--behold x wav+ on its sl5d] /ipe b5ea? ! %ade ( "s great rock--:o c look into its delicate c]ulean cup aga9 & n be?9k him ( ! blue-ve9$ eyelid sleep t falls ^u our human fl[]s6 ,! same accuracy ( detail is ev9c$ 9 _m o!r places4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ,%akespe>e's description ( ! violet all ! way ?r\gh4 ,x moves him *iefly by its odor 7,k+ ,john1 iv1 #b73 ,to gild ref9$ gold1 to pa9t ! lily1 ,to ?r[ a p]fume on ! violet1 ,to smoo? ! ice1 to add ano!r hue ,unto ! ra9b[1 or ) tap]-light ,to seek ! beaute\s eye ( heav5 to g>ni%1 ,is wa/eful & ridicul\s excess4 ,nev]!less1 we h violets dim1 & violets blue1 & purple violets1 & m p>ticul>ly blue-ve9$ violets1 z if ! poet look$ ) a l5s into ! v ?roat ( ! fl[] :i* ,fr5*m5 call a ?\ght4 ,& !re is pansies--t's = ?\ghts4 ,8 description ( ! elm is equally exact 7,midsumm]-,night's ,dream1 iv1 #a1 #dg-di73 ,s do? ! woodb9e ! sweet honeysuckle ,g5tly entwi/2 ! female ivy s ,enr+s ! b>ky f+]s ( ! elm4 ,!re is no?+ bett] ?an t1 z y may prove by exam9+ ! twigs ( ev5 "s ( our ,am]ican species2 ! cork elm1 = in/ance4 ,! haw?orn1 ! c$>1 & ! p9e & ! oak especially1 are mo/ naturally treat$4 ,^! are ,%akespe>e's famili> trees4 ,! c$> ( ,%akespe>e is ! c$> ( ,lebanon1 commonly plant$ ?r\gh\t ,europe s9ce ! "t ( ! ,crusades4 ,%akespe>e _h probably se5 specim5s 9 ,engl&4 ,he uses x z ! type ( all t is great & f9e4 ,"o au?or ?9ks he copies ,ezekiel1 *apt] xxxi4 ,! p9e 0 beside him all ! :ile4 ,he knew ! secret ( ! p9e knot1 & well describes x 7,troilus & ,cressida1 i1 #c73 444 *ecks & disa/]s ,gr[ 9 ! ve9s ( actions highe/ re>$1 ,z knots1 by ! conflux ( meet+ sap1 ,deflect ! s\nd p9e & div]t 8 gra9 ,tortive & errant f 8 c\rse ( gr[?4 ,any "o :o has ev] exam9$ ! case1 or ev5 "o :o has h&l$ knotty lumb]1 has se5 ! wood fib] run ar\nd ! p]si/5t base ( "s dead limb1 & c appreciate ^! l9es4 ,all ^! quotations %[ t ,%akespe>e us$ 8 own eyes & us$ !m well4 ,he saw ! real di/9ctions ( ?+s1 ! ho>9ess on ! will[ leaf4 ,he f\nd "* 9 ! oak z 9 ! k+1 & beauty 9 bo?4 ,9 _m ( 8 notices ( natural objects1 h[ev]1 ! poet is n ! orig9al obs]v]4 ,he (t5 uses curr5t op9ions1 fancies1 dreams1 = ^! also 7 ! realities 9 8 day1 q z mu* sometimes z oaks & =e/s4 ,!re is conc]n+ plants a sort ( or?odox my?ology1 & ?\s&s ( ye>s h sometimes contribut$ to ! reputation born by a s+le species4 ,a curi\s illu/ration is f\nd 9 :at ,%akespe>e has to say ab\t ! m&rake 7,antony & ,cleopatra1 i1 #e73 ,give me to dr9k m&ragora4 ,:y1 madam8 ,t ,i might sleep out ?is great gap ( "t4 ,o!llo1 iii1 #c3 ,n poppy1 nor m&ragora1 ,nor all ! dr[sy syrups ( ! _w1 ,%all ev] m$ic9e !e to t sweet sleep ,:i* ?\ ow$/ ye/]day4 ,juliet1 reflect+ on h] propos$ entombm5t 9 ! d>k grave ( ! ,capulets1 exclaims 7,romeo & ,juliet1 iv1 #c73 ,alack1 alack6 is x n l t ,i1 ,s e>ly wak+1 :at ) loa?some smells1 ,& %rieks l m&rake's torn out ( ! e>?1 ,t liv+ mortals1 he>+ !m1 run mad3 ,or1 if ,i wake1 %all ,i n be di/raught1 ,environd ) all ^! hide\s fe>s8 ,! m&rake ,atropa (fic9alis belongs to ! ,solanace1 &1 l o!rs ( ! family1 has n>cotic prop]ties4 ,?is 0 d\btless kn[n to ,%akespe>e1 z 9 ! passage cit$ he comp>es ! m&rake ) ! poppy4 ,! groan+ & %riek+ are1 ( c\rse1 ! pure/ sup]/ition4 ,! root ( ! m&rake 0 suppos$ to resemble ! human =m4 ,! favorite habitat assign$ to ! plant 0 ! foot ( ! gall[s1 & m5 believ$ t 9 "s way ! bodies ( crim9als 7 reproduc$ 9 ! gr[+ plant2 _! v pa9s & cries r5ew$1 especially = him :o pr(anely d>$ to pull ! m&rake f ! e>?4 ,! curi\s may consult ,g]>de4 ,^! ideas1 x is ne$less to say1 are v old2 ,pl9y ref]s to !m1 &1 if ,i recollect well1 ,v]gil has 8 h]o pull up "s plant amid ! /range/ ( sights & s\nds4 ,) ^! old my?s are ti$ up1 p]*ance1 ! m&rakes ( ,k+ ,james's v]sion4 ,nay1 ! sup]/ition /ill survives2 look at ! woodcut 9 ,web/]'s ,unabridg$1 & y w discov] t ! arti/ :o set out to illu/rate ! ^w m&rake = t some:at v5]able au?ority 0 by no means able to free himself f ! anci5t spell4 ,cr$ulity is ev]more a factor 9 ! comp\nd call$ human nature4 ,m5 love to be fool$1 or to f9d "s support = belief 9 manife/ absurdity4 ,!re is no?+ s silly b has its advocates among m5 :o ought to "k bett]4 ,a ye> or two s9ce1 a man br\ght f ,ohio to ! ,univ]sity ( ,i[a an innoc5t five-p>t$1 digitate1 black fungus4 ,x 0 treasur$ 9 alcohol4 ,:y8 ,because ( its orig94 ,an hone/ me*anic meet+ ) accid5t lo/ 8 f+]s "u ! surgeon's knife4 ,! amputat$ memb]s 7 neglect$1 b pres5tly discov]$ & duly buri$ 9 ! g>d54 ,! foll[+ spr+ f ! id5tical spot uprose a sw>?y h&1 black )\t1 :ite )94 ,! h& 0 a p]fect ma9-de-gloire = t s5sation-lov+ community4 ,! matt] 0 discuss$ 9 newspap]s4 ,a long & c>eful acc\nt ( ! wond] 0 prep>$1 put 9 pr9t & circulat$ among ! fri5ds ( ! deceas$--f+]s6 ,:at fools we mortals be6 ,= %e] sup]/ition & crass /upidity :o may say t ! n9ete5? c5tury may n yet disc\nt ! days ( ! virg9 ,que58 ,b ,i said at ! outset t ,%akespe>e _h 9 "s in/ances anticipat$ mod]n sci5tific tea*+4 ,to illu/rate ?is 9 its mo/ /rik+ in/ance1 ,i am compell$ to (f] a some:at long quotation 7,w9t]'s ,tale1 iv1 #d1 #gf-ajf73 ,,polix5es4 ,%eph]dess1 ,a fair "o are y1 well y fit our ages ,) fl[]s ( w9t]4 ,,p]dita4 ,sir1 ! ye> gr[+ anci5t1 ,n yet on summ]'s dea?1 nor on ! bir? ,( trembl+ w9t]1 ! faire/ fl[]s o' ! season ,are our c>nation & /reak$ gillyvors1 ,:i* "s call nature's ba/>ds3 ( t k9d ,our ru/ic g>d5's b>r52 & ,i c>e n ,to get slips ( !m4 ,,polix5es4 ,:]e=e1 g5tle maid51 ,d y neglect !m8 ,,p]dita4 ,= ,i h he>d x said ,!re is an art :i* 9 _! pi$ness %>es ,) great creat+ nature4 ,,polix5es4 ,say !re be2 ,yet nature is made bett] by no mean1 ,b nature makes t mean3 s1 ov] t art ,:i* y say adds to nature1 is an art ,t nature makes4 ,y see1 sweet maid1 we m>ry ,a g5tl] scion to ! wilde/ /ock1 ,& make conceive a b>k ( bas] k9d ,by bud ( nobl] race3 ?is is an art ,:i* does m5d nature1 *ange x r1 b ,! art itself is nature4 ,,p]dita4 ,s x is4 ,,polix5es4 ,!n make y\r g>d5 ri* 9 gillyvors1 ,& d n call !m ba/>ds4 ,"h we h br\ght out v di/9ctly ! effect ( cross-f]tilization 9 fl[]s1 ! result ( graft+ & ! developm5t ( v>ieties4 ,bett] ?an t1 we h "h ! recognition ( t t5d5cy 9 organisms to v>y t lies at ! v root ( ! developm5t ( species4 ,natural selection1 survival ( ! fitte/1 7 impossible 7 x n true t ,nature is made bett] by no mean b ,nature makes t mean2 or1 z x is m broadly /at$ a few l9es fur!r on1 ,?is is an art :i* does m5d ,nature1 *ange x r1 b ! art itself is ,nature4 ,i consid] ^! v rem>kable /atem5ts :5 we reflect on ! "t 9 :i* !y 7 writt54 ,d>w91 9 #ahfj1 does b unfold ! ?\ght4 ,! selection :i* ,%akespe>e notes z practic$ by g>d5]s1 & a simil> selection se5 9 ! _w ( dome/ic animals1 gave ,d>w9 8 cue ( natural selection4 ,! beauty ( ,d>w9's !sis lies 9 ! fact t ! process is natural1 & su* is ,%akespe>e's dictum4 ,lat] on1 l9es #aab-abh1 ,p]dita br+s out ano!r rem>kable obs]vation t has only lately be5 confirm$ by ! conclusions ( sci5ce3 444 ,n[ my faire/ fri5d1 ,i w\ld ,i _h "s fl[]s o' ! spr+ t might ,become y\r "t ( day2 & y\rs2 & y\rs2 ,t we> ^u y\r virg9 bran*es yet ,y\r maid5heads gr[+3 ,o ,pros]p9a1 ,= ! fl[]s n[1 t fright$ ?\ let'/ fall ,f ,dis's wagon6 daffodils1 ,t come be=e ! swall[ d>es1 & take ,! w9ds ( ,m>* ) beauty2 violets dim1 ,b sweet] ?an ! lids ( ,juno's eyes ,or ,cy!rea's brea?2 pale primroses1 ,t die unm>ri$1 ere !y c behold ,bright ,phoebus 9 8 /r5g?--a malady ,mo/ incid5t to maids2 bold oxlips & ,! cr[n imp]ial2 lilies ( all k9ds2 ,! fl[]-de-luce be+ "o6 ,primroses are dimorphic--i4 e41 on ! same species we f9d fl[]s ( diff]5t sorts4 ,^! are complete1 b 9 any p>ticul> fl[] ! ess5tial organs fail ( adaptation to ea* o!r--! /yle 9 "o too long1 9 ano!r too %ort1 to receive poll5 f ! /am5s ( its own fl[]4 ,= f]tilization su* fl[]s are absolutely dep5d5t ^u ! assi/ance br\ght by insect visitors4 ,p]dita's primrose is ,primula v]is1 ! e>ly primrose1 t takes ! w9ds ( ,m>* ) beauty1 & dies ere x beholds bright ,phoebus 9 8 /r5g?1 & x is precisely ?is species t =ms ! basis ( "o ( ,d>w9's e>lie/ & mo/ fruitful /udies 9 ! cross-f]tilization ( fl[]s4 ,! /yles 9 "o =m ( ! e>ly primrose are ?ree times z long z 9 ! o!r1 ! /igmas diff]1 & ! coadaptation ( ! p>ts ( ! diff]5t fl[]s ext5ds ev5 to ! gra9s ( poll54 ,su* fl[]s 9 ! abs5ce ( insects are entirely unproductive4 ,insects are r>e s e>ly 9 ! ye>1 & accord+ly _m ( ! primroses die1 z ,p]dita says1 unm>ri$4 ,( c\rse1 x is n pret5d$ t ,%akespe>e knew any?+ ( ?is2 b t he %\ld h discov]$ ! fact t ! e>ly primrose be>s little or no se$1 & t he %\ld h be5 impress$ by ! tru? t ?is is due to lack ( f]tilization1 is wond]ful4 ,?is circum/ance might well lead to ! suspicion t ! poet 0 a g>d5]4 ,we mu/ n =get to notice1 too1 9 ?is connection1 t c>nations--i4 e41 p9ks--are rem>kable = ! great numb] ( _! v>ieties4 ,we h1 if ,i may s say1 p9ks ( e color1 f crimson to :ite1 ev5 br[n x is said4 ,?is 0 true 9 ,%akespe>e's "t1 if "o may tru/ ,g]>de aga92 he says1 ,a great & l>ge volume w\ld n suffice to write ( e "o at l>ge consid]+ h[ inf9ite !y are1 & h[ e ye> ! climate & c\ntry br+e? =? new sorts & su* z h n h]et(ore be5 writt5 (4 ,ano!r passage 9 :i* ! poet has in/9ctively hit ^u a sci5tific tru? is f\nd 9 ,sonnet ,,iv1 ! la/ t5 l9es4 ,! beauty ( ! passage z a :ole is s rem>kable t ! delicate t\*es 9 p>ticul> l9es are apt to be ov]look$3 ,= nev]-re/+ "t leads summ] on ,to hide\s w9t] & conf\nds him !re2 ,sap *eck$ ) fro/ & lu/y leaves q gone1 ,beauty o'ersn[$ & b>5ess ev]y:]e3 ,!n1 7 n summ]'s di/illation left1 ,a liquid prison] p5t 9 walls ( glass4 ,beauty's effect ) beauty 7 b]eft1 ,nor x nor remembrance :at x 03 ,b fl[]s di/ill$ ?\gh !y ) w9t] meet1 ,lose b _! %[2 _! sub/ance /ill lives sweet4 ,no botani/ c read ! l9e ,a liquid prison] p5t 9 walls ( glass & n recognize ! exact portrayal ( ! liv+ vegetable cell4 ,! liv+ protoplasm is a liquid prison] sure en\gh1 hemm$ 9 by walls transp>5t4 ,!re c\ld be no m /rik+ image4 ,& :5 9 h]b & tree1 9 e liv+ plant1 ! summ]'s "w is end$ & hide\s w9t] falls1 ! new cells1 summ]'s di/illation left1 d 9 all p]5nials actually survive1 le/ ( ! effect ( beauty1 beauty be b]eft4 ,!re is no m m>vel\s picture 9 all ! vegetal _w ?an t ( a great tree ) all its myriad cells1 9 summ] s fill$ ) ! ru% ( life's activity & *ange t we might he> its music1 9 autumn s9k+ to quiesc5ce1 & ! w9t]'s sil5t *ill :]e liquid prison]s sleep 'nea? walls ( glass4 ,! poet did n und]/& x2 he simply prophesi$ bett] ?an he knew4 ,he makes u ?9k ( ,goe!1 ( ,lucretius4 ,^! m5 made happy guesses4 ,lucretius especially surprises u by 8 views ( ! con/itution ( matt]--unv]ifi$1 s f> z we c "k4 ,goe! liv$ 9 ! age ( sci5ce & w5t on labori\sly to v]ify 8 surmises4 ,! only natural sci5ce :i* ,%akespe>e knew 0 g>d5+--if t may be call$ a sci5ce4 ,8 ,sonnets are suppos$ to h be5 writt5 ab\t #aeij1 & ! fir/ sci5tific glimpse ( ! prison] p5t 9 walls ( glass came ab\t #afgj1 ?r\gh ! l5ses ( ,nehemiah ,grew1 a ,puritan physici/ & botani/4 ,i am aw>e t x is said by "s t 9 a critique l ?is we are apt to read mu* into ! writ+s ( our au?or4 ,! quotations ,i h submitt$ %[1 x seems to me1 t ?is is unnecess>y 9 ! pres5t case at lea/4 ,! words are g5]ally unequivocal4 ,( c\rse1 ! language is poetical1 metaphoric1 b ! metaphor has ref]5ce to some?+ else2 ! description is n ! metaphor4 ,b1 9 fact1 ought we to expect 9 ,%akespe>e v exact or complete description8 ,8 :ole art lies 9 ! p[] ( sugge/ion4 ,! deep impressions a man ( g5ius makes ^u our m9ds lie (t51 if n always1 9 :at he does n say4 ,a ^w or two & ! vision rises1 :e!r 9 ,nature or 9 life1 a passion or a l&scape4 ,take ! brok5 phrases ( ,ophelia depict+ h] brok5 he>t1 h] no m b s2 or ! picture ( ! w9t] woods 9 ,sonnet ,,lxxiii3 ,t "t ( ye> ?\ may/ 9 me behold ,:5 yell[ leaves or none or few d hang ,^u ^? b\ghs :i* %ake aga9/ ! cold1 ,b>e ru9$ *oirs :]e late ! sweet birds sang4 ,does any "o pret5d t we are read+ into ! l9es :5 we appreciate ! m>vel\s sorr[ ( ! "o picture or ! exquisite tru?fulness & spl5dor ( ! o!r8 ,%akespe>e's natural eye 0 cle> inde$1 b none ! less he seems to h se5 ev]y?+ ) ! eye ( 8 m9d4 ,f>aday s saw ! _w ( =ce1 ,newton ( ma!matical law1 & ,tyndall's sci5tific use ( ! imag9ation lies 9 ! same direction4 ,& s ! man ( sci5ce & ! poet h mu* 9 common4 ,bo? use ! natural _w1 & ! imag9ation is = ea* an in/rum5t ( ef=t4 ,! poet's g5]alization is a spl5did vision 9 a _w ideal1 sugge/$1 no d\bt1 by :at is actual & liable "h & !re to co9cide ) tru?2 ! g5]alization ( ! sci5tific man is likewise a vision1 b x re/s ^u ! actual1 ^u ! asc]ta9$ fact at ! greate/ numb] ( po9ts possible1 & disappo9ts u only t x is n ev]y:]e co9cid5t4 ,! poet dreams ( ,atlantis1 ! lo/ cont95ts1 ! isl&s ( ! ble/1 & builds u pictures t vani% ) 8 song2 ! man ( sci5ce too beholds ! cont95ts rise2 sc5e aft] sc5e he likewise makes to pass across our />tl$ vision2 b 8 are hi/ory1 8 tape/ries are wr\ght 9 ! loom ( "t4 ,! poet writes ! book ( ,g5esis1 ) ! h]bs br++ =? fruit aft] _! k9d2 ! man ( sci5ce figures fossil leaves & cones & fruit4 ,only at ! la/ d poetry & sci5ce possibly aga9 agree3 ,! cl\d-capp$ t[]s1 ! gorge\s palaces1 ,! solemn temples1 ! great globe itself-- ,yea1 all :i* x inh]it %all dissolve1 ,& l ?is insub/antial pageant fad$1 leave n a rack beh9d6 ,& :5 ! man ( sci5ce ga!rs all 8 data1 & collates fact ) fact1 & builds ! sup]/ructure ( 8 vision1 ) him1 too1 all ?+s fade & vani% 9 ! inf9ity ( ! future4 ,,am]ican ,,indu/rial ,,expositions--,,_! ,,purposes ,,& ,,b5efits4 ,,by ,,m>cus ,,b5jam91 ,,ph4 ,d4 ,indu/rial expositions are a natural developm5t ( ! fairs ( ! middle ages4 ,! latt] are believ$ to h orig9at$ 9 ! religi\s ga!r+s :i* af=d$ an opportunity = ! sale ( w>es to l>ge numb]s ( p4 ,su* fairs /ill p]si/ 9 nor!rn ,europe1 & ! be/ kn[n ( !m is probably t held ?ree times a ye> 9 ,leipsic1 to :i*1 x is said1 "s tw5ty-five or ?irty ?\s& =eign m]*ants are /ill attract$ ea* ye>4 ,9 c\rse ( "t int]national exhibitions at :i* specim5s ( ! arts & indu/ries ( ! great nations ( ! _w 7 contra/$ came into vogue4 ,^! began ) ! ,int]national ,exhibition held 9 ,london 9 #ahea1 & ( !m ?ree h be5 held 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z foll[s3 ,! fir/ 9 ,new ,york1 9 #ahec2 ! second 9 ,philadelphia1 9 #ahgf2 & ! ?ird 9 ,*icago1 9 #ahic4 ,! great magnitude ( su* expositions has l$ 9 rec5t ye>s to _! specialization or subdivision into expositions at :i* only a specialty 0 pres5t$4 ,notable among su* h be5 ! foll[+1 :i* 7 = ! mo/ "p int]national3 ,( articles connect$ ) ! lea!r indu/ry1 held 9 ,b]l91 9 #ahgg2 ( all k9ds ( pap] & pa/ebo>d1 held 9 ,b]l91 9 #ahgh2 ( fi%]ies1 held 9 ,b]l91 9 #ahhj2 ( electricity1 held 9 ,p>is1 9 #ahha2 ( geography1 held 9 ,v5ice1 9 #ahha2 ( cotton1 held 9 ,atlanta1 ,georgia1 9 #ahha2 ( e>ly data 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 held 9 ,madrid1 9 #ahha2 ( fi%]ies1 held 9 ,london1 9 #ahhc2 ( hi/orical matt]s p]ta9+ to ,columbus & ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 held 9 ,madrid1 9 #ahib2 & ( hygi5e1 includ+ *emical1 ph>maceutical1 & sanit>y objects1 held 9 ,naples1 9 #ahid4 ,simil>ly !re has be5 a developm5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f local fairs1 su* z ^? ( ! v>i\s me*anics' in/itutes1 typical ( :i* is ! "o held annually s9ce #ahbh 9 ,new ,york city "u ! auspices ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute1 into int]/ate expositions4 ,( ^!1 s9ce #ahhj1 ! foll[+ h be5 held3 ,c9c9nati ,indu/rial ,exposition1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 ,septemb] #cj to ,octob] #d1 #ahhc2 ,s\!rn ,exposition1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 ,augu/ #af to ,octob] #be1 #ahhc2 ,_w's ,indu/rial & ,cotton ,c5t5nial ,exposition1 ,new ,orleans1 ,l\isiana1 ,decemb] #af1 #ahhc1 to ,june #cj1 #ahhd2 ,c5tral ,exposition ( ! ,ohio ,valley & ,c5tral ,/ates1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 ,july #d to ,octob] #g1 #ahhh2 ,cali=nia ,midw9t] ,fair1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cali=nia1 ,janu>y #a to ,july #d1 #ahid2 ,cotton ,/ates & ,indu/rial ,exposition1 ,atlanta1 ,georgia1 ,septemb] #ah to ,decemb] #ca1 #ahie2 ,t5nessee ,c5t5nial ,exposition1 ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee1 ,may #a to ,octob] #ca1 #ahig2 & ,trans-,mississippi ,int]national ,exposition1 ,omaha1 ,nebraska1 ,june #a to ,novemb] #a1 #ahih4 ,( ! =ego+1 ! m important 7 ^? held 9 ,new ,orleans1 9 #ahhd2 9 ,san ,francisco1 9 #ahid2 9 ,atlanta1 9 #ahie2 9 ,na%ville1 9 #ahig1 & 9 ,omaha1 9 #ahih2 especially s f ! fact t all ( ^! receiv$ recognition by ! ,gov]nm5t2 &1 ) ! exception ( t held 9 ,san ,francisco1 lib]al appropriations 7 made = _! support by ,congress4 ,moreov]1 at ea* ( !m1 except+ aga9 t held 9 ,san ,francisco1 a special ,gov]nm5t build+ 0 erect$ 9 :i* ! national ,gov]nm5t made exhibits ( ! work+s ( ! sev]al executive dep>tm5ts1 toge!r ) ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution & its dep5d5cies & ! ,fi% ,commission4 ,! fir/ nam$1 t ( ,new ,orleans1 0 held z a celebration ( ! c5t5>y ( ! cotton indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! fir/ record ( cotton z a factor 9 ! =eign trade ( ?is c\ntry appe>$ 9 ! %ipm5t 9 #aghd ( six bags1 am\nt+ to ab\t "o bale1 f ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,audubon ,p>k 0 ! site on :i* ! build+s 7 erect$4 ,! exposition held 9 ,san ,francisco1 9 #ahid1 _h = its purpose ! af=d+ ( an opportunity to =eign exhibitors at ! ,_w's ,fair to fur!r display _! goods 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 consequ5ce a great numb] ( exhibits 7 %ipp$ direct f ,*icago to ! ,pacific coa/4 ,! exposition 0 locat$ 9 ,gold5 ,gate ,p>k4 ,! ,atlanta ,exposition _h its inception 9 a belief t ! agricultural1 m9]al1 & manufactur+ res\rces ( ! ,s\? 7 n adequately repres5t$ 9 ,*icago 9 #ahic4 ,x 0 believ$ t a bett] exhibit ( ! products ( ! ,s\?l& w\ld t5d to fo/] great] trade relations betwe5 t section ( our c\ntry & o!r p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z well z ) =eign c\ntries1 especially ^? to ! s\?1 su* z ,mexico4 ,! ,cotton ,/ates ,exposition 0 held 9 ,pi$mont ,p>k4 ,! exposition 9 ,na%ville 0 design$ prim>ily to celebrate ! "o hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! admission ( ,t5nessee into ! ,f$]al ,union4 ,recogniz+ ! comm]cial & educational advantages to be d]iv$ f su* a demon/ration1 x 0 deem$ wise to *>act]ize ! celebration z an exhibit ( ! mat*less res\rces ( ,t5nessee1 & at ! same "t to lead to _! great] developm5t4 ,! old ,we/ ,side ,p>k 0 *os5 z ! site ( ! ,c5t5nial ,city4 ,! exposition held la/ ye> 9 ,omaha _h = its purposes to d = ! ,trans-,mississippi ,/ates :at ! m local exhibitions _h done = ,atlanta & ,na%ville4 ,x 0 claim$ t x w\ld = ! fir/ "t fully illu/rate ! weal?-produc+ p[] & ! ext5t ( productive indu/ries ( ! ,great] ,we/1 & x did4 ,! exposition gr\nds 7 includ$ )9 :at 0 call$ ! ,k\ntze tract & ! old fair gr\nds4 ,ea* ( ^! expositions has be5 project$ = di/9ct comm]cial reasons4 ,!y h _h = _! imm$iate purposes ! pres5tation ( ! products ( ! region 9 :i* !y 7 locat$ to _! neighbors1 to ! nation1 & to ! _w4 ,9 ?is s5se !y h be5 simply ! (fspr+ ( ! fairs ( ! middle ages1 diff]+ f !m only 9 t ! feature ( sale has be5 l>gely elim9at$4 ,t !y h be5 successful 9 accompli%+ ! results desir$ is beyond d\bt2 inde$1 ! expositions 9 ,na%ville & ,omaha 7 ev5 f9ancial successes4 ,b !y h done m ?an ?is2 !y h accompli%$ a _w ( good 9 ! way ( education4 ,let u consid] "s ( ^! b5efits4 ,beg9n+ ) ! gr\nds1 ^! h be5 giv5 ov] to ! *>ge ( "s compet5t l&scape ar*itect "u ^: skillful sup]vision ! des]t has be5 made to blossom l a rose4 ,! s& hills ( ,san ,francisco became ! beautiful ,palm ,city1 :i* s9ce ! close ( ! exposition has become "o ( ! mo/ attractive spots 9 ! ,gold5 ,gate ,p>k4 ,at ,na%ville ! l&scape effects 7 claim$ by _m to excel 9 beauty ^? ( ! ,_w's ,fair 9 ,*icago4 ,ev]gre5s1 v9es1 & %rubs are ev]y:]e1 & ?ree lakes break ?is vi/a ( gre51 0 ! op9ion ( "o visitor4 ,besides ! g5]al ar*itectural effect ( ! build+s1 :i* c n b impress ^? :o are s =tunate z to visit ^! expositions1 !re is a special value 9 ! reproductions ( hi/orical build+s4 ,at ,atlanta ! ,massa*usetts ,build+ 0 a repres5tation ( ! ,craigie ,h\se1 ! headqu>t]s ( ,wa%+ton :5 9 ,cambridge at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,revolution1 & lat] ! home ( ! poet ,longfell[4 ,x 0 a =tunate inspiration ( ! late ,dr4 ,g4 ,br[n ,goode t l$ to its pres5tation by ! ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts to ! local ,society ( ! ,daught]s ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,! ar*itectural feature ( ! ,na%ville ,exposition 0 ! replica ( ! ,a!nian ,p>!non 9 all its arti/ic beauty4 ,e detail 0 true to ! orig9al 9 design & color+4 ,x 0 ! *ief glory ( ! c5t5nial1 & z x 0 a p]man5t /ructure x w long rema9 to ! ,a!ns ( ! ,s\? a memorial ( its exposition4 ,( less conspicu\s int]e/ 7 ! reproductions ( ! ,rialto ( ,v5ice & ! ,alamo ( ,san ,antonio4 ,! only ar*itectural feature ( hi/oric "* ann\nc$ = ,omaha 0 t ! ,arkansas ,build+ w be a reproduction ( ! mansion ( ,g5]al ,alb]t ,pike 9 #ahdc4 ,! long oval wat]way ar\nd :i* ! build+s 7 gr\p$ af=d$1 h[ev]1 excell5t opportunity = /udy+ ! ar*itecture ( ! build+s1 :i*1 x 0 claim$ ) mu* ju/ice1 approa*$ ^? ( ! nev]-to-be-=gott5 ,:ite ,city 9 _! beauty ( design4 ,f ! ext]ior to ! int]ior is a natural me?od ( progression4 ,let u !re=e pass to a brief consid]ation ( ! educational features t are to be d]iv$ f an exam9ation1 no matt] h[ cursory1 ( ! displays t are to be se5 )9 ! build+s4 ,fir/ ( all1 & inde$ frequ5tly ! mo/ important1 is ! exhibit made by ! national ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! special build+ devot$ to t purpose are %[n ! exhibits ( ! sev]al executive dep>tm5ts1 includ+ also t ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution & its dep5d5cies1 & ! ,fi% ,commission4 ,z a result ( ! ye>s ( accumulat$ exp]i5ce !re has be5 9 ea* ( ! expositions previ\sly m5tion$1 except t 9 ,san ,francisco1 a di/9ct improvem5t 9 ! in/allation ( ! exhibits 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,build+1 until x 0 recogniz$ 9 ,atlanta t ! display 0 sup]ior to t 9 ,*icago1 & 9 ,na%ville ! be/ exhibit ev] made 0 ! v]dict ( ^? :o _h se5 ! successive expositions previ\s to t 9 ,omaha4 ,!re=e ! tell+ ( a /ory by means ( objects 9 ! be/ mann] possible is ! result s\ght = & atta9$ mo/ p]fectly by ^? :o in/all$ ! ,gov]nm5t exhibits4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 und]/ood t ! purpose ( ! ,gov]nm5t exhibit is to famili>ize ! public ) ! me?ods ( c>ry+ on ! functions ( ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts4 ,?us1 9 ! po/-(fice exhibit !re is %[n ! entire sequ5ce ( po/age /amps1 bo? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & =eign c\ntries1 ! v>i\s k9ds ( mail bags1 figures ( ! mail c>ri]s 9 _! diff]5t uni=ms1 & f9ally models or pictures ( ! me?ods ( transportation4 ,! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t %[s ! work+ ( ! m9t by ! /rik+ ( commemorative m$als1 :ile a full s]ies ( ! exi/+ m$als & co9s ( ! c\ntry are display$ 9 cases on ! wall4 ,! functions ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior are %[n by exhibits ( a s]ies ( models ( "s important inv5tion1 z1 = in/ance1 a sequ5ce %[+ ! developm5t ( ! sew+ ma*9e4 ,9 ?is way--= ( c\rse ! blanks & o!r docum5ts are %[n--! work+ ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice is demon/rat$2 :ile ! ,geological ,survey1 also ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 pres5ts a s]ies ( m9]als1 %[+ ! economical weal? ( ! c\ntry1 toge!r ) its maps & reports1 results ( "w accompli%$4 ,ev]y?+ c n be %[n1 b a mo/ excell5t idea ( :at ea* dep>tm5t does c be _h f a /udy ( ! exhibits ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,next 9 importance to ! ,gov]nm5t ,build+ is ! "o devot$ to comm]ce1 & "h are usually to be f\nd ! weak po9ts ( our ,am]ican expositions4 ,9 lieu ( a s]ies ( exhibits %[+ ! progress 9 a giv5 indu/ry or trade1 we f9d too frequ5tly a collection ( nondescript articles )\t mu* if any relation%ip to ea* o!r4 ,?is is due prim>ily to a lack ( prop] organization 9 solicit+ exhibits1 & also because ! aw>ds or m$als ( ! jurors are s (t5 ( no relative value4 ,! second condition is an outcome ( ! fir/4 ,to be m specific1 9 ,na%ville !re 7 no exhibits f any "o ( ! l>g] & well-kn[n silv] firms1 & yet ,am]ican silv]w>e has a recogniz$ /atus z "o ( ! mo/ successful ( our ,am]ican art indu/ries4 ,cut glassw>e is ano!r bran* 9 :i* our artisans or art workm5 h a*iev$ spl5did results1 & /ill !re 7 no exhibits f art glassmak]s 9 ,na%ville4 ,c]ta9 v>ieties ( art pott]y & art glassw>e1 su* z ! ,rookwood pott]y & ! ,tiffany glass1 are seldom se5 at ^! small] expositions4 ,9 consequ5ce ! juror makes an aw>d to ! be/ article ( its k9d on exhibition1 :i* may be b a ?ird-rate article comp>$ ) o!rs2 /ill x is ! be/ %[n 9 ! exposition1 & !re=e wor?y ( recognition4 ,ano!r un=tunate feature mu/ be m5tion$ at ?is po9t4 ,x is ! decorative feature4 ,at ! la/ ,_w's ,fair held 9 ,p>is !re 0 a colossal figure ( ,george ,wa%+ton 9 *ocolate exhibit$ by an ,am]ican manufactur] ( t article4 ,:ile x might be consid]$ z a laudable attempt to make kn[n to ! ,fr5* nation ! features ( ! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry1 & f t po9t ( view wor?y ( recognition1 /ill x 0 no evid5ce ( ! sup]iority ( ! *ocolate1 & !re=e c\ld n be consid]$ 9 connection ) ! giv+ ( an aw>d4 ,?is condition ( affairs prevails at e exposition1 & too frequ5tly an exhibit ( a m]itori\s article is made 9 su* a mode/ mann] t its claims are ov]%ad[$ by ! pret5ti\s display ( some?+ q inf]ior4 ,two conditions ?us pres5t !mselves--namely1 ! lack ( prop] exhibits & ! improp] pres5tation ( c]ta9 exhibits4 ,! fir/ condition may be ov]come by a m p]fect canvass ( ! indu/ries ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ne>ly e "o ( ^! !re is a national organization1 & x %\ld be ! duty ( t body to consid] ! matt]4 ,by ! appo9tm5t ( committees & work+ among ! repres5tatives ( ! indu/ry1 ei!r a good exhibit f ! lead+ firms c\ld be secur$1 or else a collective exhibit ( ! be/ f _m firms c\ld be obta9$4 ,typical ( ! la/ nam$ 0 ! exhibit made by ! pott]s ( ! c\ntry at ! ,_w's ,fair 9 ,*icago4 ,by ! adoption ( su* a me?od ( display+ ! products ( manufactur]s ! possibility ( ! second condition w\ld be entirely elim9at$4 ,aft] all1 ! value ( ^! expositions is *iefly educational1 & surely no m p]fect way ( educat+ ! visitor or sightse] c\ld be f\nd ?an by plac+ be=e him a hi/orical s]ies ( products1 beg9n+ ) ! "o made fir/ 9 po9t ( "t1 cont9u+ ) bett] specim5s1 %[+ ! improvem5ts t h result$ f increas$ exp]i5ce & k1 & culm9at+ ) ! f9e/ product n[ made4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! fir/ & ! la/ w\ld be inde$ mo/ /rik+4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght f ! =ego+ rem>ks t ^! int]/ate expositions h be5 lack+ 9 ! pres5tation ( ! products ( _! own home indu/ries4 ,f> f x4 ,9 ,san ,francisco1 9 ,atlanta1 9 ,na%ville1 & 9 ,omaha ! local manufactur]s did !mselves great cr$it by ! admirable way 9 :i* _! goods 7 %[n1 b x 0 j 9 ?is p>ticul> feature t ! weak po9t indicat$ previ\sly made itself mo/ conspicu\s4 ,a local silv]smi? c\ld h>dly be expect$ to compete ) ! m fam\s manufactur]s 9 ! same l9e 9 l>g] cities1 & yet 9 ! abs5ce ( an exhibit by ! bett] kn[n firm an aw>d w\ld naturally be giv5 to ! small] manufactur]1 ?us creat+ a false impression to ! _w at l>ge4 ,x mu/ n be assum$ t ! educational value ( ! exhibits 9 ! ,comm]ce ,build+ is )\t comm5dation4 ,next to mak+ a ?+1 ! see+ ( x is mo/ important1 & surely no "o c pass along ! aisles ( any exposition )\t notic+ mu* t is new or unusual1 no matt] :at 8 previ\s exp]i5ce may h be54 ,x is 9 ?is connection t ! =eign section is frequ5tly mo/ in/ructive4 ,w>m furs f ,russia & ! nor?1 ri* fabrics & /range metal w>e f ! ,ori5t1 r>e porcela9s f ,cop5hag51 & brilliant glassw>e f ,bohemia & ,hung>y1 tell ! /ory ) /rik+ vividness ( ! special products ( ! ,old-,_w nations4 ,z has be5 %[n1 ! f9i%$ products ( manufactur]s are ^? t are h\s$ 9 ! build+ devot$ to comm]ce & manufactur+1 b ! raw mat]ials require a build+ or two = !mselves4 ,t 9 :i* ! products ( ! e>? are exhibit$ is usually designat$ ! ,m9]als & ,=e/ry ,build+4 ,?is requires b brief m5tion1 & has its *ief int]e/ = ! exp]t4 ,geological specim5s1 includ+ paleontological & li?ological exhibits1 %[ ! age & "* ( ! soil1 :ile ! rocks fur!r indicate ! possibilities ( ! t]ritory1 = !y %[ ! geological horizon4 ,9 natural ord] are %[n ! m9]als ( ! c\ntry4 ,at ,atlanta & ,na%ville ! ri*ness ( ! m9]al weal? ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 0 fully demon/rat$4 ,n only ores su* z ^? ( iron & manganese1 b ! combu/ible m9]als1 z coal1 lignite1 & petroleum1 7 exhibit$4 ,m /rik+1 p]haps1 are ! great numb]s ( economic m9]als t ^! expositions %[4 ,! mat]ials--phosphate rock1 sulphur1 & nitrates--us$ 9 mak+ artificial f]tiliz]s2 ! m>bles2 ! pigm5t-yield+ m9]als1 includ+ o*res1 umb]1 & b>ite2 ! clays1 ) _! products ( e>!nw>e & pott]y1 bricks1 & tiles2 & ev5 m9]al wat]s are among ! diff]5t m9]als to be se54 ,x is f su* exhibits t some?+ ( an idea is obta9$ ( ! enorm\s weal? t is conta9$ 9 ! e>?1 wait+ only to be excavat$ & fa%ion$ into articles ( beauty & utility4 ,:ile su* exhibits are frequ5tly to be se5 9 museums1 /ill ! av]age m9d is m impress$ by ! casual exam9ation ( ^! ?+s 9 expositions1 & "o's pride ( home increas$ by ! ri* /ores ( m9]al weal? attractively in/all$4 ,x is cu/om>y also to %[ models ( ! ma*9]y us$ 9 m9+1 & ev5 books1 maps1 & draw+s are n uncommonly se54 ,a simil> arrangem5t is foll[$ 9 reg>d to ! =e/ products4 ,logs & sections ( trees1 z well z samples ( wood & timb] ( all k9ds1 are %[n4 ,!n come ! f9i%$ products--bo>ds1 %+le1 & mold+s--& f9ally ! manufactur$ articles1 su* z pails1 tubs1 & !n furniture4 ,b>ks1 z = tann+ or dye+1 se$s & gums1 & ! wood pulp = pap] are on exhibition4 ,among ! miscellane\s products des]v+ m5tion are fib]s1 z us$ 9 basket-mak+ or cane "w4 ,=e/ry z a sci5ce is made ! basis ( a s]ies ( exhibits4 ,^! include timb] culture1 tools us$1 & me?ods employ$ 9 plant+ & c>+ = trees4 ,& f9ally lumb]+ z a sci5ce f9ds a place 9 ! s*eme foll[$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t4 ,?is includes ! tools us$ 9 lumb]+ & ! me?ods employ$1 z well z exhibits illu/rat+ ! tan-b>k indu/ry1 ! turp5t9e indu/ry1 & ! *>coal indu/ry4 ,s x happ5s t !re is mu* t c be le>n$ by ! /ud5t :o w devote a little "t to ! analysis ( ! exhibits 9 ! build+ devot$ to ! products ( ! m9es & ! =e/4 ,a visit to ! ,agricultural ,build+ reveals to ! int]e/$ obs]v] ^? products ( ! soil t are = ! mo/ "p ! result ( cultivation1 & s we f9d exhibits ( c]eals--:eat1 oats1 b>ley1 & ! l--& !n _! imm$iate products3 bread1 pa/es su* z mac>oni1 & />*es4 ,! sug>-yield+ plants1 toge!r ) honey & ! manufactur$ product1 z c&y & o!r confections1 come next 9 ord]4 ,! root crops1 su* z potatoes or beets1 & ! vegetables1 are ( mu* importance4 ,pres]v$ meats & food prep>ations1 dairy products1 spices1 tea1 & tobacco are among ! articles on exhibition4 ,!n come ! plants yield+ fib]s1 z cotton & ! l2 b we ha/5 on to make m5tion ( ! exhibits ( implem5ts us$ 9 agriculture & its special subdivisions1 su* z horticulture1 viticulture1 floriculture1 & arboriculture4 ,:o w ga9say ! fact t ! f>m] c n d o!rwise ?an le>n mu* f a visit to ! home ( ! products ( ! soil8 ,x x also cu/om>y to include a live-/ock exhibition dur+ "s p]iod ( ! exposition4 ,m5tion has be5 made ( ! build+ devot$ to ! f9i%$ products ( manufactures & ( ! build+s 9 :i* ! crude mat]ials are display$4 ,besides ^! !re are usually sev]al build+s devot$ to ! exhibition ( ! means by :i* ! orig9al sub/ances1 :e!r f ! m9e1 =e/1 or f>m1 are made up into ! comm]cial product = ! m]*ant4 ,"o ( ^! is call$ ! ,transportation ,build+1 & 9 x we f9d ! v>i\s means by :i* ! raw mat]ials are convey$ to ! factory4 ,f ! l[] =ms ( transportation ( :i* man is ! motive p[]1 su* z ! :eelb>r[1 upw>d ?r\gh ! v>i\s =ms ( vehicles ( :i* ! p[] comes f horses & o!r animals1 until z ! topmo/ memb] ( ! s]ies is %[n ! magnific5tly equipp$ tra9 ( railway c>s1 provid$ ) all ! conv5i5ces t mod]n luxury c devise4 ,if ! visitor is n cont5t ) l& locomotion1 m ?an likely he c f9d an exhibit 9 :i* transportation on wat] is possible1 z by means ( a naph?a or /eam laun*4 ,ma*9]y is ! active means by :i* ! imm$iate transposition ( ! crude mat]ial into ! f9i%$ article is accompli%$4 ,& 9 a build+ :]e ! ceaseless belt moves ) ! rapidly revolv+ pulley may be se5 ! _m =ms ( ma*9]y :i* ! active bra9 ( ! +5i\s me*anic has devis$ to *eap5 labor & increase production4 ,! *ange ( ! cotton fib] into clo?1 or ! passage ( ! silk5 ?read into ! f9i%$ h&k]*ief2 ! revolv+ cyl9d] on :i* ! virg9 %eet ( :ite pap] becomes ! pr9t$ purveyor ( news2 or ! _m & v>i$ appliances by :i* ! piece ( lea!r is fa%ion$ into a cov]+ = ! foot2 or aga9 ! means by :i* ! /rip ( /eel is made into a p9 or ne$le1 are among ! int]e/+ ?+s t may be se5 9 ,ma*9]y ,hall4 ,conspicu\s among ! _m int]e/+ wond]s ( sci5ce t 7 %[n at ! ,c5t5nial1 9 #ahgf1 7 ! few1 insignificant1 blue1 flick]+1 & un/able lights t u%]$ into exi/5ce a new era 9 ! hi/ory ( electricity4 ,9 ,atlanta1 9 ,na%ville1 & 9 ,omaha a build+ 0 necess>y to hold ! appliances & products ( ! late/ ( our sci5ces4 ,telephones no long] impress u by _! newness1 & ! appliances ( electricity to heat+ & light+ are n[ h\sehold necessities4 ,to ^? :o treasur$ ! memory ( ! beauty ( ! light$ ,c\rt ( ,honor at ! ,:ite ,city 9 ,*icago !re 0 giv5 a great] joy :5 ! entire gr\nds ( ! beautiful ,c5t5nial ,city 9 ,na%ville 7 illum9at$ ) m ?an sev5te5 ?\s& inc&esc5t lamps4 ,daylight _h fad$ into d>kness only to em]ge into an electric day ( brilliancy unsurpass$4 ,?us 0 told ! /ory ( ! progress ( ! sci5ce :i* z a result ( ! /udies ( ,frankl91 ,h5ry1 ,morse1 & ,graham ,bell may well be reg>d$ z ! ,am]ican sci5ce4 ,a p>t+ ^w mu/ be giv5 to ! amusem5t features4 ,h[ ! ,/reets ( ,cairo1 n[ s hackney$1 l+] 9 "o's memory6 ,! ,en*ant$ ,sw+ 0 "o ( ! novel features ( ! ,midw9t] ,fair 9 ,san ,francisco1 & ( weird int]e/ 0 ! ,night & ,morn+ 9 ,na%ville4 ,! ,mexican & ,japanese villages 7 excell5t features 9 ,atlanta1 & s 0 ! ,*9ese village 9 ,na%ville1 al?\gh ! ,old ,plantation 0 m popul>4 ,panoramas su* z t ( ! ,battle ( ,gettysburg1 or pyrote*nic spectacul> %[s su* z ,! ,/orm+ ( ,wei-,hai-,wei1 are ( value4 ,! musical features mu/ n be =gott51 ev5 if popul> fancy leans t[>d ,dixie1 = ! occasional ,gems f ! ,op]as help to leav5 ! mass4 ,at ,na%ville ! milit>y drills by ! national & ,/ate troops 7 ( consid]able int]e/1 & mu* _h be5 hop$ = 9 ,omaha 9 ?is respect1 b ! w> prev5t$4 ,9 ?is analysis1 incomplete1 x is true1 ( ^! ,am]ican int]/ate expositions some?+ has be5 %[n ( _! design & m ( _! b5efits4 ,!y h _h = _! purpose ! exhibition ( ! mat]ials1 processes1 & products ( manufacture1 b _! ultimate b5efit has be5 t ( education4 ,to ! ?\ghtful an opportunity has be5 af=d$ ( foll[+ ! crude mat]ial ?r\gh ! processes ( manufacture until ! f9i%$ product has be5 exhibit$4 ,! v>iety ( crude mat]ials 0 %[n him1 ! diff]5t processes 7 contra/$1 & f9ally ! complet$ article 0 exhibit$ :i* possess$ ?is m]it or t advantage accord+ to ! process foll[$4 ,= ! m]e pleasure-seek] !re 7 ! delights ( attractive surr\nd+s1 ! beauty ( ! exhibits1 & ! delights ( music or o!r ent]ta9m5ts4 ,inde$1 all ! influ5ces are = good4 ,let x !n be ! ef=t ( e "o1 :e!r (ficial1 exhibitor1 or visitor1 to use 8 influ5ce to improve & elevate ^! expositions s t only ! mo/ desirable localities %all be *os5 9 :i* to hold !m1 & let ! selection ( exhibits be made s z to include ! mo/ wor?y2 = !n1 & only !n1 w ! visitor d]ive ! greate/ b5efit4 ,& s f "t to "t & 9 v>i\s places we %all h ^! int]/ate expositions1 :i* w %[ to ! _w ! advancem5t made 9 ! developm5t ( ! res\rces ( our great c\ntry4 ,,bookworms ,,9 ,,fact ,,& ,,fancy4 ,,by ,,will>d ,,au/54 ,:at is a bookworm8 ,tell me if y c2 ,i m]ely mean ! insect1 n ! man-- ,a reptile :om a wit l ,hood might dub ,a grub t grubs 9 ,grub ,/reet = its grub4 ,,rob]t ,,rockliff4 ,s mu* my/]y has ga!r$ ar\nd ! t]m bookworm1 s mu* imag]y has be5 employ$ 9 depict+ ! appe>ance & deva/ations ( ?is my?ical creature1 t _m h be5 prep>$ to accept almo/ any?+1 no matt] h[ fabul\s1 t might be said ab\t ?is unkn[n enemy ( lit]ature4 ,reaction aga9/ ^! weird & fanta/ical acc\nts is indicat$ by ! "q1 n infrequ5tly ask$1 ,are !re su* ?+s z bookworms8 ,few are aw>e t 9 ?is creature we enc\nt] ano!r case ( masqu]ad+1 t ^! de/roy]s ( ! ,muses are common en\gh pe/s play+ o!r rles ?an ^? 9 :i* !y are famili>ly kn[n4 ,"s ( !m are met ) daily 9 ! h\se & else:]e1 & ar\se no unusual int]e/1 :ile ! _w goes on wond]+ :at a bookworm is l4 ,insects injuri\s to books & b9d+s are n a new subject4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans obs]v$ & wrote ab\t !m1 b not)/&+1 _! k ( zology1 comp>atively speak+1 0 s meag]1 !y d n seem to h felt any ( ! my/]y or wond]m5t ab\t ^! creatures :i* we h felt4 ,! t]ms blatta1 t9ea1 silphe1 are frequ5tly met ) 9 ! works ( classical writ]s1 &1 :ile we c n be sure ( ! p>ticul> species !y int5d$ to allude to by ^! t]ms1 we d 9 _m in/ances "k f ! context t ! creatures kn[n to !m _h l *>act]i/ics ) ^? kn[n to u1 & t !y 7 giv5 to lit]>y depr$ations z are _! desc5dants4 ,! e>lie/ allusion to a book-de/roy+ worm :i* has come d[n to u f classical lore 0 rescu$ f oblivion by ! lad ,salmasius 9 #afjf1 :5 he discov]$ ! manuscripts ( ! an?ology ( ,cephalas 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,c\nts ,palat9e at ,heidelb]g4 ,among ! fragm5ts 9 ?is collection is "o attribut$ to ,ev5us1 ! sophi/-poet ( ,p>os1 :o wrote ab\t #dej ,b4 ,c41 9 :i* ! f\l de/roy] is ?us b]at$3 ,o wor/ enemy ( ! ,muses1 dev\r] ( ! pages ( books1 ,f\l de/roy] t lurke/ 9 a hole1 ev] fe$+ on :at ?\ had/ /ol5 f le>n+1 ,tell me1 black-color$ bookworm1 :y do/ ?\ lie 9 ambu% to injure ! sacr$ decrees :ile fa%ion+ ?y envi\s image8 ,ari/otle1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,animals1 m5tion$ ! little scorpionlike creature f\nd 9 books2 a *>act]ization :i* obta9s to-day = ! little creature :i* ,leunis calls ! ,b*]scorpion4 ,horace addresses 8 f9i%$ book1 to :i* he imputes an unbecom+ ha/e to be display$ on ! booksell]s' /alls1 ?us3 ,:5 ?umb$ by ! h&s ( ! vulg>1 y beg9 to gr[ dirty1 !n y w 9 sil5ce fe$ ! grovel+ bookworm4 ,ovid1 9 8 exile at ,tomi1 lik5s ! ext]nal remorse ( its c>es :i* 8 he>t feels to ! gnaw+ ( ! t9ea4 ,consid]+ ! fact t ,pl9y is said to h compris$ 9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory all ! k ( ! natural sci5ces !n kn[n1 x is a little surpris+ t he _h n m to say reg>d+ book insects4 ,"h & !re 9 8 writ+s1 h[ev]1 he speaks ( worms 9 connection ) books & pap]s 9 ! same casual way z o!r classical writ]s1 caus+ y to feel t he 0 conv]sant ) _! de/ructive t5d5cies4 ,! epigrammati/ ,m>tial 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 & ,lucian 9 ! second1 bo? use ! t]m bookworm2 ,m>tial1 9 mu* ! same way z did ,horace1 w>n+ 8 book ( ! fate await+ x2 ,lucian1 9 8 well-kn[n dialogue1 ,! ,dream2 or1 ,! ,cock1 z a symbol ( ! condition to :i* mis]ly man may desc5d4 ,suffici5t has be5 said to %[ ! attitude ( ! anci5ts t[>d ^! little pe/s1 t _h no m reg>d = _! preci\s ?\ghts ?an = ! utt]ances ( mod]n /atesm51 ^: spee*es are read by title & ord]$ pr9t$4 ,cross+ ! cloi/]$ p]iod ( ! ages call$ d>k1 :5 books 7 s few & s con/antly us$ by ! jolly monks t ^! little creatures mu/ h _h a difficult "t gett+ a liv+ unobs]v$1 we come d[n to ! sixte5? c5tury1 by :i* "t books _h begun to multiply & worms to propagate4 ,9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ?is c5tury we f9d ,pi]re ,petit1 :o is numb]$ among ! celebrat$ pleiade ( ,lat9 v]se writ]s along ) ,rap91 ,commire1 & o!rs1 address+ ^! impud5t creatures 9 a ?irty-f\r-l9e ,lat9 poem titl$ ,9 ,blattam4 ,a curi\s & int]e/+ *>act]ization ( "s species ( book insects has come to u 9 ! writ+s ( ,*ri/ian ,m5tzel1 ! ,g]man naturali/ & philologi/1 :o liv$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,:5 "o reads t he he>d ! bookworm cr[ l a cock1 & said1 ,i knew n :e!r "s local f[l 0 clamor+ or :e!r !re 0 b a beat+ 9 my e>s1 "o c n help wond]+ if !re 0 n some?+ defective 9 8 e> drums2 b fur!r on he says1 ,i p]ceiv$1 9 ! pap] :]eon ,i 0 writ+1 a little insect t ceas$ n to c>ol l v *anticle]1 until tak+ a magnify+ glass ,i assidu\sly obs]v$ him4 ,f ?is "o concludes t if ! fault 7 n ) 8 he>+1 by :i* "s well-kn[n s\nds made by book insects seem$ to him l ! cr[+ ( a cock1 an altoge!r diff]5t cock f ! k9d we "k mu/ h liv$ 9 8 day4 ,! e>lie/ obs]vations on ! subject possess+ any sci5tific value 7 made by ,rob]t ,hooke 9 8 ,micrographia1 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #affe4 ,9 _m respects ?is "w 0 a curi\s m$ley ( facts & fancy4 ,! regi/]s ( ! ,royal ,society1 ( :i* he 0 a memb]1 te/ify to ! eag]ness ) :i* ,hooke hurri$ f "o inquiry to ano!r ) brilliant b inconclusive results4 ,among ! _m objects :i* engag$ 8 att5tion 0 an insect :i* he describ$ 9 a *apt] entitl$ ,( ! ,small ,silv]-col\r'd ,bookworm4 ,8 description %[s x to h be5 ! fi%tail1 by naturali/s call$ ,lepisma1 well kn[n z "o ( ! pe/s t n infrequ5tly is f\nd 9 ! libr>y z well z o!r p>ts ( ! h\se4 ,_m int]e/+ in/ances ( ! discov]y ( bookworms are f\nd 9 ! lit]ature on ! subject1 %[+ ! ke5 int]e/ felt 9 ! se>* = specim5s ( ! de/roy]1 _m ( !m reveal+ ! fact t "s unique & curi\s creature :i* /&s alone 9 its ta/e = lit]>y food 0 s\ght4 ,mr4 ,blades report$ 9 #aheh t he f\nd specim5s 9 "s black-lett] fragm5ts at ! ,bodleian ,libr>y1 t 7 recogniz$ by ! libr>ian1 ,dr4 ,b&9el1 :o cru%$ !m ) 8 ?umb1 say+1 z he wip$ 8 ?umb nail on 8 coat sleeve1 ,o yes1 !y h black heads sometimes4 ,! libr>ian ( ,h]e=d ,ca!dral1 ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,s4 ,hav]gal1 contributes 8 obs]vations1 cov]+ a p]iod ( eighte5 ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t he reports t he f\nd two di/9ct species4 ,f 8 description1 h[ev]1 x appe>s t he fail$ to recognize t ! two 7 ! l>va & imago ( ! same species4 ,_m cases ( ! f9d+ ( bookworms report$ 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica are n accompani$ ) suffici5t data to det]m9e j :at !y 74 ,^! contribute to ! g5]al impression t _m h s\ght b few h f\nd :at 7 ?\ght to be g5u9e bookworms1 :ile on e h& are ^? creatures :i* "u ! "r conditions become book de/roy]s4 ,rese>* among ! lit]ature conc]n+ libr>y pe/s reveals ! fact t no less ?an elev5 diff]5t gr\ps h memb]s t are directly or indirectly accus$ ( injur+ books & b9d+s4 ,! numb] ( species 9 ea* gr\p ranges f "o to elev51 mak+ a total ( ov] ?irty diff]5t species4 ,9 addition to ^! !re are o!rs aga9/ :i* ! evid5ce is at be/ only circum/antial4 ,x is n necess>y to say t none ( ^! be> any resemblance 9 any p]iod ( _! exi/5ce to worms1 & t ! t]m bookworms is a misnom]4 ,! ^w has become s firmly fix$ 9 lit]ature1 bo? 9 its figurative & lit]al s5se1 t its misuse w no d\bt cont9ue4 ,! l>g] numb] ( ^! are includ$ 9 ! class ,hexapoda1 or insects4 ,two species belong to ! class ,ara*nida1 :i* embraces ! scorpions1 spid]s1 mites1 etc4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,*elif] cancroides1 kn[n z ! book scorpion1 al?\gh n a true scorpion1 belongs to ! ord] ,pseudoscorpiones1 & is probably :at ,ari/otle _h 9 m9d :5 speak+ ( ! little scorpionlike insects f\nd 9 books4 ,! o!r species is kn[n z ,*eyletus eruditus1 ( ! ord] ,ac>9a1 or *eese mites4 ,^! two are kn[n to be c>nivor\s 9 _! habits1 & !re is "s "q z to :e!r !y haunt books = ! purpose ( fe$+ on !m or on o!r creatures to be f\nd !re4 ,( ^? 9 ! class ,hexapoda1 :i* comprises all ! o!r kn[n book pe/s1 !re c be no "q z reg>ds _! de/ructiv5ess4 ,_m are kn[n ab\t ! h\se by ! "n ( ! article !y are mo/ frequ5tly f\nd 91 & unless driv5 by a lack ( ^? ?+s m to _! lik+1 !y d n invade ! lit]>y sanctum4 ,"s are s cosmopolitan 9 _! ta/es t !y seem to take :atev] is mo/ conv5i5t1 :e!r x be books or boots1 pepp] or poison4 ,z has be5 said1 ! e>lie/ obs]vation ( value 0 made by ,hooke on ,lepisma1 commonly kn[n z fi% mo? or silv] fi%1 f its resemblance1 9 %ape & coat+1 to a fi%2 also z bri/le tail1 f its caudal app5dages4 ,!y are f\nd 9 closets1 cupbo>ds1 & clo!s baskets4 ,op9ions h diff]$ z to its de/ructiv5ess to books1 b ! weight ( evid5ce is aga9/ ! insect4 ,x seeks ! pa/e & siz+ us$ ab\t books1 & ?is leads x to attack b9d+s & labels4 ,!re is a !ory t pa/e made f pure />* is n to _! lik+1 b ?is is n sub/antiat$ by obs]vation4 ,t]mites or :ite ants1 ano!r misnom]1 s9ce !y are n true ants1 are also well-kn[n ravag]s ^: de$s ( de/ruction assume a s]i\s aspect1 especially 9 ! tropics4 ,humboldt1 accord+ to ,%im]1 in=ms u t 9 all equ9octial ,am]ica1 :]e ! :ite ants ab\nd1 x is inf9itely r>e to f9d pap]s or books t g back fifty or sixty ye>s4 ,_! de/ruction to timb] has be5 ! cause ( s]i\s accid5ts1 at "o "t s weak5+ ! supports ( a dwell+ t a :ole d9n] p>ty 0 precipitat$ f ! ?ird floor to ! basem5t4 ,^! pe/s belong to ! ord] ,isopt]a4 ,! ,am]ican species is kn[n z ,t]mes flavipes1 & sev]al well-au!nticat$ cases ( _! hav+ done s]i\s injury to books & b9d+s 9 ?is c\ntry are record$4 ,z ! *ief su/5ance ( ^! insects seems to be dead wood1 x may be t ! increas$ use ( wood 9 pap] w make mod]n books1 :i* bookworms are said to scorn1 m tempt+ ?an ev] to !m4 ,by op5+ quickly "s old book :i* has la9 long unus$1 "o may see t9y pale creatures ) kn[+ black eyes scurry+ across ! pages4 ,^! insects are kn[n z book lice1 or by ! ,g]mans z ,/aublaus 7du/ l\se74 ,entomologi/s h giv5 !m ! high-s\nd+ "n ,atropos div9atoria4 ,!y belong to ! family ,psocid1 ( ! ord] ,corrod5tia4 ,"s writ]s1 beg9n+ ) ,william ,d]ham1 9 #agja1 are ( ! op9ion t ?is delicate little creature makes a noise l unto t ( ! coleopt]\s insect call$ dea?-wat*4 ,^! little fell[s are said to h /\t jaws ) :i* !y d damage to books1 dri$ plants1 etc41 nibbl+ away ! leaves & cov]s ( ! =m]4 ,( all ! insects t injure books p]haps ! be/ kn[n are ! cockroa*es1 sci5tifically call$ ,blattid1 ( :i* !re are five species ^: booki% habits are unque/ion$4 ,_m in/ances ( s]i\s damage done by !m to ! b9d+s ( books are on record1 ! mo/ important1 p]haps1 be+ t ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum ,reports1 at ,albany1 :]e ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,l9tn] f\nd a hundr$ volumes or m s badly damag$ by roa*es t !y c\ld n be mov$ )\t com+ to pieces4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate ,reports1 b\nd 9 clo? & lea!r1 "s fre% & new1 h be5 badly damag$ at ,wa%+ton1 9 ! ef=ts ( ^! pe/s to get at ! pa/e ) :i* ! cov]s 7 fa/5$ to ! volumes4 ,! species kn[n to commit ^! depr$ations are ! ,croton bug 7,blatta g]manica71 small] ?an ! o!rs1 b consid]$ by "s writ]s z ! wor/ pe/s ( ! family2 a little l>g] species1 call$ ,p]iplaneta ori5talis2 & a l>ge species1 kn[n z ,p]iplaneta am]icana1 or ,kak]lac4 ,aga9/ two o!r species1 ,blatta au/ralasi & ,blatta gigantea1 !re is n s mu* evid5ce4 ,among ! mo?s1 or mill]s1 ord] ,lepidopt]a1 are f\nd sev]al species :i* injure books1 ! be/ kn[n be+ ! ,aglossa p+u9alis1 commonly call$ grease mo?4 ,! l>va ( ?is species is at fir/ a pale1 fle%-color$ grub1 b z x matures x becomes q black4 ,x injures b9d+s by con/ruct+ long silk5 tubes1 9 :i* x rema9s until full f$4 ,sometimes !y sp9 a web betwe5 ! volumes1 gnaw+ small portions ( ! pap] ) :i* to =m _! cocoons4 ,?is species belongs to ! family ,pyralidid4 ,( ! family ,oecophorid two species are kn[n to injure books3 ,acompsia pseudospretella1 & an undet]m9$ species ( ,depress>ia4 ,"u ! "n ,oecophora1 ,william ,blades describes ! ravages ( ! =m] on two leaves ( a ,caxton1 & accompanies 8 rem>ks ) a photographic illu/ration ( ! damag$ leaves1 f :i* x is at once se5 h[ irregul> is ! gnaw+ ( ?is species4 ,! newspap] acc\nt ( ! f9d+ ( bookworms 9 ! ,l5ox ,libr>y n long ago class$ ! l>v f\nd ) ?is species4 ,! l>ge/ numb] ( book-de/roy+ insects are f\nd among ! beetles1 ( ! ord] ,coleopt]a4 ,to ?is gr\p belong ! book bor]s4 ,! species ?us f> consid]$ h be5 m or less dilettantes 9 lit]ature4 ,! beetles1 h[ev]1 seem possess$ ) a true _s ( inve/igation1 & :5 !y und]take a piece ( "w 9 a s]i\s fa%ion !y g to ! bottom ( x1 /ick+ close to ! l9e laid d[n4 ,?is *>act]i/ic di/+ui%es ^! insects f all o!rs1 & makes x comp>atively easy to det]m9e :5 !y h be5 at "w 9 a worm-eat5 volume4 ,no less ?an sixte5 diff]5t species ( ?is ord] h be5 ei!r detect$ 9 ?is "w1 or su* /rong circum/antial evid5ce has be5 f\nd aga9/ !m1 t !re is little d\bt z to _! guilt4 ,"s insects seem to de/roy books = ! %e] want ( some?+ bett] to d2 "s d s 9 seek+ ! pa/e & siz+ us$ 9 & ab\t ! books2 o!rs because ! lea!r b9d+s are desirable mat]ial 9 :i* to und]go trans=mation2 &1 aga91 o!rs haunt book %elves & books 9 se>* ( prey 9 ! =m ( liv+ creatures4 ,b among ! beetles are f\nd t9y little grubs t seem to h a g5u9e int5t to de/roy2 t set out delib]ately to wreak v5geance on man's record ( 8 ?\ghts1 de$s1 & discov]ies1 &1 z if kn[+ ! means :i* man uses to de/roy1 h s\ght to imitate him 9 ! effects produc$4 ,z a result we f9d books fill$ ) small1 r\nd1 %otlike holes /rongly sugge/+ ! results :i* might foll[ f ! use ( ! family ,bible by ! re/less boy z a t>get = 8 fir/ %otgun4 ,! book-de/roy+ beetles are all gr\p$ "u ?ree families3 ,d]me/id1 ,scolytid1 & ,pt9id4 ,! ,d]me/id include ! fl[] beetles & ! well-kn[n c>pet bug4 ,! species ( :i* !re c be no d\bt z to its disposition to pi]ce book b9d+s is ,an?r5us v>ius1 :i* ,glov] says is a v pretty insect :5 exam9$ "u a magnify+ glass1 be+ beautifully m>bl$ or v>iegat$ ) black & gray4 ,ano!r memb] ( ?is family1 aga9/ :i* !re is less evid5ce1 is ,d]me/es *95sis1 s nam$ by ,dr4 ,l',h]m9i]1 ( ,guadel\pe1 :o report$ a loss ( ne>ly f\r hundr$ volumes f its ravages4 ,eri*son believes ?is to h be5 ! well-kn[n ,anobium paniceum4 ,d]me/es l>d>ius & ,attag5us pellio are o!rs ( ?is family m5tion$ 9 ! same category4 ,! family ,pt9id includes two gr\ps1 ,anobium & ,pt9us1 ! fir/ be+ g5]ally kn[n z ! dea?-wat*1 f ! peculi> s\nd1 l ! tick ( a wat*1 :i* is produc$ by /rik+ aga9/ a h>d sub/ance ) _! t9y jaws4 ,sup]/iti\s p]sons h long consid]$ ?is noise an om5 ( dea?1 h5ce ! "n4 ,in/ead ( an ill om51 ?is noise proves itself to be a love-call betwe5 ! sexes1 & may be imitat$ accurately en\gh to elicit a response4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n ( ^! beetles is call$ ,sitodrepa panicea1 g5]ally kn[n 9 ,europe z ,anobium paniceum4 ,x is a cosmopolitan fe$]1 hav+ a reputation 9 sev]al diff]5t fields ( activity1 comm]cial & sci5tific z well z lit]>y4 ,to druggi/s x is kn[n z ! worm1 & _! /ock ( g+]1 rhub>b1 ,cay5ne pepp]1 nux vomica1 & belladonna root all appe> to be equally to its lik+1 t9 foil be+ no =midable b>ri] to its p]si/5t se>*4 ,lea!r deal]s h suff]$ f ! de/ruction wr\ght by ?is little fell[ to su* an ext5t t :ole cases ( boots & %oes1 c>riage trimm+s1 etc41 h be5 ru9$4 ,to ?is species belongs ! insect f\nd a few ye>s ago at "w 9 a volume ( ,dante's ,div9e ,com$y1 :i* _h be5 s5t to ,cornell ,univ]sity libr>y f ,flor5ce4 ,! l>v are ab\t ?ree to f\r millimetres 9 l5g?1 ( a dirty-:ite color1 head t+$ ) br[n1 & black m\? p>ts1 ) ! abdom5 /rongly curv$4 ,! adult is a small1 cyl9drical1 br[n beetle f two to ?ree millimetres 9 l5g?1 ) head b5t d[n & w+ cov]s m>k$ ) f9e punctate /ri4 ,pr(essor ,poey made ext5sive obs]vations ( an insect 9 ,cuba :i* _h de/roy$ ab\t f\r ?\s& volumes4 ,he call$ x ,anobium biblio!c>um1 & ,s*w>tz ?9ks ! injury report$ by ,h]m9i] f ,guadel\pe %\ld be attribut$ to ! same species4 ,anobium /riatum & p]t9ax h long be5 kn[n to injure books by _! gnaw+ & burr[+1 n only 9 & ?r\gh ! b9d+s1 b also entirely ?r\gh ! volumes4 ,nicobium hirtum1 a native ( s\!rn ,europe1 :]e its l>v h be5 f\nd do+ l injury1 is only locally abundant1 & = ?is reason has nev] be5 consid]$ a s]i\s libr>y pe/4 ,s*w>tz says1 ,9 "o way or ano!r ! insect has f\nd its way to ,nor? ,am]ica1 b has always be5 reg>d$ z a great r>ity ) u4 ,! ,pt9us gr\p embraces ,pt9us fur1 ,pt9us mollis1 ,pt9us brunneus1 & ,ptil9us pect9icornis1 call$ by ,leunis ,b*]bohr]4 ,accord+ to ,butl]1 a peculi>ity ( ?is g5ius--t ( dissimil>ity ( %ape betwe5 ! sexes--is well illu/rat$ by ! ,p4 fur1 ! male be+ almo/ cyl9drical1 ! female inflat$ or r\nd$ at ! sides2 s mu* v>iation t !y might be tak5 = two diff]5t insects4 ,pt9us brunneus1 al?\gh simil> to ,p4 fur1 is di/+ui%$ f x by be+ :olly ( a light-br[n color & de/itute ( :iti% b&s on ! w+ cov]s4 ,"s writ]s speak ( ?is species z ! book beetle1 :ile ,sitodrepa is spok5 ( z ! spice beetle4 ,dr4 ,h5ry ,%im] makes ! foll[+ /atem5t reg>d+ _! me?od ( bor+3 ,!y usually op]ate 9 lea!r-b\nd or half-b\nd volumes by bor+ gall]ies along 9 ! lea!r4444 ,!y usually bore along q "u ! surface ( ! lea!r1 cutt+ x almo/ ?r\gh2 occasionally a small r\nd hole p5etrates ?r\gh ! lea!r to ! out] surface4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s cases on record ( insects bor+ ?r\gh books is t report$ by ,m4 ,peignot1 9 :i* he /ates t tw5ty-sev5 folio volumes 7 pi]c$ ?r\gh 9 s /raight a l9e t a cord might be pass$ ?r\gh !m & all ! volumes rais$ by means ( x4 ,diff]5t writ]s give ! cr$it ( ?is feat to diff]5t memb]s ( ?is gr\p1 s t ! mo/ t c be said is t x 0 ! "w ( "s memb] ( ! ,pt9id4 ,9 ! family ,scolytid only "o species belongs to ! book ravag]s4 ,x is kn[n z ,hypo!mus eruditus1 & 0 describ$ by ,we/wood 9 #ahcf z pit*y black1 ! head ( ! same color1 entirely conceal$ f above by ! front ?orax4 ,x is v m9ute 9 size1 be+ ab\t "o tw5tie? ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,s f> z its depr$ations h be5 obs]v$ x conf9es its "w to ! b9d+s ( books1 mak+ furr[s 9 all directions mu* z x does 9 ! sap wood ( dead trees4 ,! /rong resemblance ( its burr[+ to ! g\g+ done by an engrav]'s *isel has giv5 to ?is family ! "n ( engrav] beetles4 ,a review ( ! diff]5t families ( insects ^: habits "u favorable conditions lead !m to infe/ books & b9d+s w %[ !m to be m or less well def9$ accord+ to _! fe$+ habits4 ,! book scorpions & mite1 ,*eyletus eruditus1 :i*1 z we h se51 d n come "u ! head ( insects1 are prim>ily c>nivor\s1 & _! pres5ce 9 books may be due to ! fact t !y f9d !re animal z well z vegetable food4 ,?is is c]ta9ly true ( ! book scorpion1 :i* fe$s on mites1 book lice1 & o!r small insects4 ,! fi% mo?s or silv] fi%1 ! book lice1 & ! cockroa*es c h no o!r reason = infe/+ books ?an _! lik+ = f>9ace\s sub/ances su* z are us$ 9 & ab\t ! b9d+s & labels ( books4 ,= ?is reason ! damage done by !m is l>gely conf9$ to ! ext]ior or int]ior ( ! b9d+s1 & only s mu* ( ! book itself is injur$ z comes 9 _! way 9 _! se>* = food4 ,! :ite ants fe$ pr9cipally on wood1 & 9 & ab\t books !re is m or less wood fib] :i* w\ld be to ! lik+ ( ^! voraci\s fe$]s4 ,! mo?s & beetles are ! burr[]s & bor]s4 ,!y seek retir$ places 9 :i* to lay _! eggs :]e ! l>v w be surr\nd$ ) food = _! gr[?4 ,! mo?s & "s ( ! beetles are m giv5 to burr[+ 9 ! b9d+s1 keep+ close to ! out] surface = ! purpose1 x is ?\ght1 ( mak+ x easy = ! imago to em]ge aft] ! *ange is complet$2 :ile o!rs bore /raight tunnels (t5 f cov] to cov]4 ,a natural conclusion = "o :o has gone ov] ! lit]ature ( book-injur+ pe/s to rea* is t ! _m p]sons t h be5 indu/ri\sly look+ = ! bookworm1 z well z ^? t h report$ ! f9d+ ( isolat$ specim5s1 "s dead1 "s alive1 h _h 9 m9d ! "o creature :i* bor$ holes 9 books4 ,! frequ5t use ( ! t]ms g5u9e bookworm1 ! real bookworm1 etc41 reveals ! fact t ! us]s ( ^! phrases approa*$ ! subject ) a preconceiv$ idea ( ! k9d ( creature !y %\ld f9d to acc\nt = ! ravages only too app>5t on scores ( volumes :i* pass ?r\gh ! h&s ( booksell]s & book keep]s4 ,to _m ! bor+ beetles are ! only creatures :i* are rightfully call$ bookworms1 & 9 _! se>* o!r book pe/s h n be5 tak5 into acc\nt4 ,,hydrophobia ,,9 ,,baja ,,cali=nia4 ,,by ,,dane ,,coolidge4 ,:51 9 #ahhd1 ,pa/eur discov]$ ! true nature & cure ( hydrophobia1 he dispell$ ! accumulat$ sup]/ition ( c5turies reg>d+ ?is my/]i\s & dread$ disease4 ,b 9 "s c\ntries :]e hydrophobia exi/s 8 cure is n yet kn[n1 & ! old sup]/itions rema94 ,:ile collect+ mammals ne> ,san ,jos del ,cabo1 9 ! cape region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia1 two summ]s ago1 ,i f\nd ! c\ntry p v fe>ful ( wild animals1 especially ( skunks & coyotes4 ,my ,mexican boy1 :om ,i _h s5t on an err&1 rema9$ p]*$ half ! aft]noon 9 a ?orny mesquite tree because he _h se5 a coyote & 0 afraid x 0 rabioso4 ,b !y fe> ! skunks mo/ ( all because ( _! habit ( approa*+ m5 9 ! night :ile !y sleep1 & bit+ !m on ! toe or e>1 or any expos$ "p4 ,9 def5se1 unusual precautions are tak5 to exclude !m4 ,! w9d[s ( ! h\ses are b>r$ ) iron1 & ! doors are made 9 halves1 horizontally1 s t ! l[] "p may be clos$ to keep out animals & snakes )\t int]f]+ ) free v5tilation4 ,! common p1 :o live 9 bru% h\ses1 blockade _! doorways at night1 & rely on _! cur dogs to attack any animal :i* may come ne>4 ,not)/&+ all ?is evid5ce1 & innum]able gha/ly /ories1 ,i rema9$ a mon? 9 ! c\ntry1 at ! ran*o ( ,francis ,pazik1 a v intellig5t & well-educat$ ,bohemian1 )\t see+ any rabid animals4 ,!n1 "o ev5+ j at sund[n1 a cr[d ( m5 came up ! pa?1 lead+ "o ( ,pazik's mules & dragg+ ! c>cass ( a skunk4 ,!y said t x _h come out into ! op5 field :]e ! mule 0 picket$ & bitt5 x on ! h9d foot4 ,all ( !m insi/$ t x 0 rabid1 & cit$ its extreme emaciation z a pro(4 ,! "y man :o dragg$ x %[$ me 8 great toe1 half burn$ (f ) blue vitriol1 & told me t a skunk _h bitt5 him !re two mon?s be=e1 & ! doctors _h burn$ x4 ,^! native doctors are un$ucat$ m5 :o live on ! sup]/ition ( ! p4 ,9 ! case ( hydrophobia _! me?ods are *>act]i/ic4 ,!re are 9 ! cane fields little insect-eat+ animals call$ %rews :i*1 9 t c\ntry1 give (f a sc5t s l t ( a skunk t ,pazik has hunt$ !m out ) 8 dogs 9 ! night by mi/ake4 ,! doctors pay z mu* z two doll>s apiece = %rews on urg5t occasions1 &1 mix+ _! bodies ) h]bs & roots1 =m a concoction :i* !y claim w w>d (f hydrophobia4 ,besides ?is1 !y also ble$ ! pati5t & caut]ize ! w\nd4 ,accord+ to ! ,mexicans1 !re are two k9ds ( rabies3 t affect+ ! head & t affect+ ! /oma*4 ,:5 animals h rabia 9 ! head !y become /upid & move ab\t sl[ly1 bit+ at ev]y?+ !y see or t\*4 ,!y are n viol5t1 & become v ?94 ,b :5 !y h rabies 9 ! /oma* x gives !m great pa91 & !y b>k & h[l & race ab\t frantically1 *as+ o!r animals & te>+ !m4 ,mr4 ,cipriano ,fi%]1 ( ,santa ,cat>9a1 told me ( 8 exp]i5ce ) a coyote :i* _h rabies 9 ! /oma*4 ,he 0 hunt+ de] at ,cape ,san ,lucas1 & _h kill$ two4 ,c>ry+ ! small] "o & 8 gun to camp1 he return$ un>m$1 except = ! knife :i* e "o we>s 9 t region1 to br+ 9 ! o!r4 ,z he w5t d[n a deep caon he he>d a coyote ahead1 h[l+ 9 ! peculi> way :i* he knew to be *>act]i/ic ( ! rabioso4 ,all ! hunt]s claim !y c recognize ! h[l+ ( a rabid coyote1 & !y say t no o!r animal w answ] x or g ne> x4 ,! h[l+ approa*$ rapidly4 ,kn[+ t he c\ld n escape by runn+ back uphill1 nor kill x ) 8 knife )\t be+ bitt51 he /epp$ quickly into ! bru% & cut a long gre5 club4 ,z he turn$ back into ! op5 place he saw ! coyote d[n ! caon1 leap+ up & snapp+ at ! air4 ,:5 ! coyote saw him x broke into a furi\s run up ! trail1 & :51 z he says1 ab\t ?irty feet away1 made a fly+ leap at 8 face4 ,he jump$ to "o side1 /ruck ! rabid animal 9 ! back ( ! head z x pass$1 & kill$ x ) ! "o bl[4 ,skunks are p>ticul>ly dang]\s to p]sons :o sleep out at night4 ,j4 ,ellis ,mc,lellan1 a field collector ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 :om ,i met at ,san ,jos del ,cabo1 told me ( an unpleasant exp]i5ce he _h ) a skunk :ile com+ d[n f ,la ,paz4 ,on acc\nt ( ! heat he _h ridd5 9 ! night z f> z ,agua ,cali5te1 :]e he /opp$ ne> a ran* h\se to sleep till morn+4 ,al?\gh ! night 0 w>m1 he cov]$ 8 head ) a s]ape = protection f insects & w&]+ animals4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ he 0 awak5$ by a twit*+ at 8 blanket &1 rais+ ! s]ape1 saw a skunk bit+ & j]k+ at x4 ,realiz+ ! gravity ( ! situation1 he rea*$ = 8 heavy knife1 & !n1 sudd5ly ?r[+ aside ! s]ape1 he lean$ =w>d & put 8 :ole =ce into "o bl[4 ,z he duck$ "u ! blanket aga91 = protection1 ! dogs f ! h\se ru%$ out 9 a body & p\nc$ ^u ! dy+ skunk1 :i* !y worri$ on top ( ,mc,lellan until ! ran* p beat !m (f4 ,:5 skunks bite at m5's toes & e>s1 or at blankets 9 ?is way1 x is tak5 z an indication t !y are rabid4 ,%ortly aft] ?is ,i saw a "y man at ,miraflores :o _h j be5 seiz$ ) hydrophobia4 ,two mon?s be=e he _h be5 bitt5 on ! great toe by a skunk z he lay asleep 9 8 h\se at ,agua ,cali5te1 b _h %[n no symptoms ( ! disease until t day1 :5 he sudd5ly began to bite at ! door jamb 9 ! /ore at ,miraflores4 ,!y put him into ! brick jail1 :]e he soon became v viol5t4 ,:5 ,i w5t d[n to ! jail ! next morn+ ,i f\nd a gr\p ( ,mexicans ab\t ! huge wood5 door1 :i* 0 *a9$ fa/ & ti$ ) riatas 9 addition4 ,f ! inside !re came a succession ( ?umps & blood-curdl+ groans & /rangles4 ,i pe]$ 9 ?r\gh ! b>r$ w9d[1 & saw ! un=tunate man ly+ on 8 back 9 a corn]1 spasmodically kick+ out 8 legs f 8 *e/ & roll+ 8 dilat$ eyes4 ,sudd5ly he leap$ to 8 feet &1 grasp+ ! iron b>s1 %ook ! great door viol5tly1 *a9$ & ti$ z x 04 ,!n he seem$ to leap aga9/ ! walls1 & at la/ fell d[n1 groan+4 ,he soon became rational aga91 & began to talk ?r\gh a crack 9 ! door to an old man :om ,i took to be 8 fa!r4 ,he ask$ = wat]1 b !y w\ld n give him any1 & :ile he 0 plead+ = a knife or pi/ol ano!r spasm seiz$ him4 ,pres5tly ! judge came ov] ) two policem54 ,!y said !y 7 go+ to take ! rabioso out & tie him to a tree1 because he 0 gett+ ! jail too dirty1 & might n die = a week4 ,z soon z ! spasm pass$1 & ! man lay weak & moan+1 ! burly policem5 loos$ ! riatas1 &1 /epp+ 9 quickly1 seiz$ him f beh9d4 ,he prote/$ pa!tically aga9/ go+ into ! hot sun%9e1 b !y pu%$ him out & />t$ t[>d ! corral to tie him up4 ,b :5 ! fi]ce sun /ruck him he 0 rack$ by horrible convulsions4 ,he kick$ & /ruggl$1 bit at 8 %\ld]s1 & blew spittle into ! air :5 he ?rew 8 head back4 ,! policem5 brea!d h>d1 & ! old man1 8 fa!r1 hugg$ himself 9 agony z he walk$ beh9d4 ,!re 0 a desp]ate /ruggle1 !n1 ) a f9al p>oxysm1 ! rabioso sudd5ly collaps$ & hung limp 9 _! arms4 ,at fir/ !y ?\ght t he 0 dead1 b :5 he %[$ signs ( life !y c>ri$ him to ! corral & ti$ him to a tree be=e he became consci\s4 ,two days lat] he di$4 ,pa/eur himself does n und]take to cure pati5ts :o h be5 seiz$ ) spasms2 b ! judge told me t1 fifte5 ye>s be=e1 an ,italian doctor _h come ?r\gh _! c\ntry mak+ m>vel\s cures4 ,:5 he arriv$ at ,miraflores !re 0 a rabioso 9 ! jail :o 0 s badly afflict$ & s long-liv$ t ! judge _h ord]$ him to be %ot4 ,:5 ! ,italian doctor he>d ?is1 h[ev]1 he ask$ p]mission to try an exp]im5t on ! man4 ,?is be+ grant$1 he _h ! pati5t lasso$1 dragg$ to ! riv]1 & held "u wat] until he 0 app>5tly dr[n$4 ,aft] ! rabioso 0 full ( wat]1 ! doctor roll$ him on a b>rel & resuscitat$ him2 !n he gave him "s m$ic9e :i* cur$ him4 ,cipriano ,fi%] told me t he _h cur$ a valuable bulldog ( rabies by ?is same me?od1 us+ ! bitt] juice ( ! pitahaya1 a species ( cactus1 = m$ic9e4 ,?is crude means ( alleg$ cure is unique1 & seems bas$ on ! !ory t ! antipa?y ( rabid animals to wat]1 impli$ 9 ! "n hydrophobia1 is ! cause ( _! dea?1 & p>tial dr[n+1 !re=e1 a cure4 ,rabies is extremely preval5t at times 9 c]ta9 di/ricts ( ! ,cape region4 ,mc,lellan says x does n occur nor? ( ! tropic ( ,canc]--t is1 ( ,la ,paz & ,todos ,santos--& x is h>dly kn[n 9 ! ?ickly populat$ di/rict ab\t ,san ,jos del ,cabo1 b at ,cape ,san ,lucas1 & especially also along ! base ( ! m\nta9s ne> ,miraflores & ,agua ,cali5te1 :]e x is v hot & dry1 rabid animals are greatly to be fe>$4 ,:ile collect+ 9 ^! m\nta9s ,i pass$ sev]al good ran*es :i* _h be5 des]t$ because1 z my guide said1 /ock c\ld n be rais$ !re successfully on acc\nt ( ! rabia4 ,?is man _h work$ z a ran*]o or /ock h]d] = two ye>s on "o ( ^! ran*es1 & _h be5 oblig$ at "o "t to kill elev5 cattle & sev5 %eep & goats 9 two weeks on acc\nt ( _! hav+ rabies4 ,x 0 "p ( 8 duty to foll[ up rabid coyotes1 foxes1 skunks1 & wild cats :5 he saw !m or he>d _! peculi> cry1 & %oot !m be=e !y bit ! /ock4 ,b he assur$ me v gravely t he pref]r$ to "w 9 ! valley = less wages r ?an h *>ge ( ,*ollalito ran*o2 & :5 we camp$ !re = a night he slept on top ( ! pack boxes1 ) 8 b>e feet wrapp$ 9 blankets & a s]ape ov] 8 head1 & rev]5tly pull$ out ! bless$ rag he wore ar\nd 8 neck1 9 ord] to m surely protect himself aga9/ ! rabid skunks & coyotes4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 v little dang] 9 travel+ ?r\gh ?is int]e/+ c\ntry4 ,cases ( hydrophobia are comp>atively r>e1 & "s sci5ti/s :o h collect$ 9 ,baja ,cali=nia h ev5 d5i$ its exi/5ce !re4 ,b ) ! travel]1 z ) ! native1 !re rema9s ! vague1 con/ant1 b unrealiz$ expectation ( see+ "s rag+ coyote come te>+ ?r\gh ! cactus1 or ( hav+ 8 toe bitt5 9 ! middle ( ! night z he sprawls 9 ! heat & d>kness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pr(essor ,,welldon1 9 ! ,briti% ,association1 express$ 8 s5se ( ! intellectual insol5ce ( ^? :o presume to say1 not)/&+ our ignorance ( animal *>act]s1 t because a *>act]i/ic seems to u m9ute & )\t importance1 x is !re=e )\t importance to ! animal4 ,until we "k ! function ( ! animal ?r\gh\t1 & c picture its physiological processes ?or\ghly1 we h no "r to say1 a priori1 t ?is or t feature is ( no use4 ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,color4 ,,by ,m4 ,,&r ,,brac*i4 ,:5 ! diff]5t rays ( ! sol> spectrum /rike ! eye sep>ately !y ea* produce a p>ticul> *>act]i/ic & subjective impression1 :i* is call$ color4 ,+5i\s !ories h be5 set =? by physiologi/s1 l ,"y1 ,helmholtz1 ,h]+1 & o!rs1 to expla9 ! p]ception ( colors by our eye1 b ! problem /ill awaits solution1 & is n likely to be expla9$ f t side1 because x is r psy*ical4 ,! laws regulat+ ! p]ception ( colors are n physiological2 we p]ceive only relations4 ,we "k t ! s5se ( color may be modifi$ indep5d5tly ( t ( light & ( space4 ,two phases may be di/+ui%$ 9 its evolution4 ,e light1 :e!r *romatic or n1 produces a simple lum9\s impression on ! ret9a--a simple excitation ( ! optic n]ve1 )\t be+ analyz$ by x4 ,9 ! second phase ! bra91 ! psy*ic c5t] ( color1 int]v5es4 ,!re may obvi\sly be consid]able diff]5ces betwe5 p]sons 9 ! int]pretation ( :at we call colors1 & we may judge t !re is an education ( ?is psy*ical c5t]1 & t x is an important matt]4 ,diff]5t z ! ways ( int]pret+ a s5sation ( color may be1 !re are /ill "s fundam5tal ideas 9 ! matt] :i* pa9t]s1 = example1 d n all obs]ve4 ,"s1 l ! impressioni/s1 exagg]ate !m1 & o!rs neglect !m4 ,:i* ( ^! are wrong8 & :i* "r8 are que/ions we are n conc]n$ )1 our purpose be+ to %[ t _m ( ! ph5om5a ( color1 %ade1 s\rces ( light1 etc41 escape a l>ge proportion ( p]sons unless !y are att5tive obs]v]s4 ,if we visit ! exhibitions ( ! impressioni/s we %all be ent]ta9$ at ! criticisms we he> ov] ! canvases ( su* pa9t]s z ,r5oir & ,monet2 y\?s :o h j come out ( ! draw+ s*ool decl>+ t _! ma/] nev] taught !m to put blue on a face1 & t 9 ,nature all %ad[s are gray or black1 & none r$ or violet2 & we %\ld a/oni% a great _m p if we %\ld say t a :ite robe %\ld nev] be pa9t$ 9 a portrait picture ) :ite lead alone4 ,all skies are blue1 all trees are gre51 all pantaloons are r$1 said a celebrat$ pa9t] :o 0 try+ to %[ h[ ! habit ( see+ a color$ object 9 a c]ta9 way prev5t$ "o f p]ceiv+ ! diff]5t colors t might be appli$ to x4 ,we recollect ! tr\ble ( a brave y\? :o1 hav+ sat = 8 portrait to a celebrat$ pa9t]1 0 di/ract$ at p]ceiv+ gre5 9 ! reflections ( ! hair ( 8 lik5ess4 ,yet !re are 9 ,nature %ad[s t are blue & reflections t are gre51 & if we d n see !m habitually x is because we d n give suffici5t att5tion to !m4 ,a common division ( ! spectrum is into w>m & cold colors4 ,! w>m colors are r$1 yell[1 orange1 & yell[-gre52 ! cold colors are violet1 blue1 gre51 & blue-gre54 ,?is is n an arbitr>y division1 b answ]s to a fact ( exp]i5ce :i* passes f our physical to our moral impressions1 & may cause 9 u feel+s ( com=t or uneas9ess1 joy1 sadness1 or moral depression4 ,"s p]sons are influ5c$ by ! gray-color$ sky1 o!rs are gay :5 ! day is bright4 ,x is a curr5t expression t ! color ( ! s\!rn l&scape is w>m4 ,goe! said t blue caus$ him to feel cold4 ,! t]ms w>m & cold are te*nical expressions 9 ! arts4 ,a color tone is cool$ by putt+ blue 9 x1 & w>m$ by add+ r$ or yell[4 ,?is practice is n arbitr>y1 says ,m4 ,f4 ,bracquemond 9 8 book on ,design & ,color2 x copies ! color$ aspects :i* natural light imposes on all imitation t seeks to realize ! color$ & factiti\s light ( pa9t+4 ,to rea* ?is1 art obs]ves ! ord] accord+ to :i* ! natural lights di/ribute _! v>i\s color$ elem5ts1 & classes lum9\s aspects--a process :i* x has always obs]v$--into ! two categories ( w>m & cold4 ,h5ce1 s f> z examples come to u1 ?is contra/ is easy to v]ify2 at ! ,l\vre1 = example1 9 works f ,pompeii1 & 9 ^? ( all ! ma/]s4 ,prey] relies ^u ?is division ( colors into w>m & cold = a comp>ison ( *romatic s5sations ) !rmic1 & = suppos+ t ! color s5se is develop$ f ! s5se ( temp]ature4 ,*romatic s5sitiv5ess to ?is au?or is only a special case ( !rmic s5sitiv5ess limit$ to ! ret9a4 ,d>w9's ideas 7 evid5tly ! same2 ! :ole human body 0 a sort ( ret9a capable ( improvem5t2 we may1 x is true1 suppose ) ,"l ,kelv9 t !re is absolute cont9uity betwe5 ! p]ception ( heat by ! ret9a ( ! eye & its p]ception by means ( ! tissues & n]ves4 ,a v elem5t>y exp]im5t w easily enable u to recognize ^! diff]5t qualities ( colors4 ,set a light$ c&le on a table ne> a w9d[2 !re are !n two s\rces ( light--! daylight1 blue & cold1 & ! light ( ! c&le1 orange-r$ & w>m4 ,ca/ a %ad[ on ! :ite pap] by hold+ a p5cil /raight up4 ,! %ad[s ca/ by ! c&le w be blue to a degree t no "o c mi/ake x1 a gre5i% blue4 ,plac+ ! p5cil betwe5 ! w9d[ & ! c&le & look+ at ! %ad[s1 we h1 fir/1 ! blue %ad[ ( ! c&le1 & !n ! %ad[ project$ by ! cold daylight4 ,! color ( ! la/1 ?\gh p]haps less evid5t ?an ! o!r1 is an orange-yell[1 ( ri*1 w>m tone4 ,f ?is little exp]im5t we may conclude t a w>m light provokes a cold %ad[1 a cold light a w>m %ad[1 & t ! color ( ! %ad[ is complem5t>y to t ( ! light4 ,9 ! exp]im5t1 daylight 0 ! s\rce ( ! cold light4 ,let u n[ take a ?ird s\rce ( light1 w>m] ?an t ( ! c&le1 ! flame produc$ by burn+ alcohol & salt--a v w>m1 deep orange light1 :i* makes ! light ( ! c&le seem cold & its blue %ad[s appe> yell[1 :ile its own %ad[s are blue4 ,we rec5tly obs]v$ a v /rik+ example ( ^! w>m & cold appe>ances ( light2 x 0 at ! !at]3 a beam ( r$ light %one brightly ^u an actor1 ^: %ad[ 0 absolutely gre54 ,"s ( ! p ar\nd u 7 a/oni%$ at ! ph5om5on1 :i* !y c\ld p]ceive v pla9ly4 ,ph5om5a ( ?is k9d are produc$ e in/ant 9 a nature illum9at$ by ! sun2 ne>ly all ! %ad[s are color$ 9 hues :i* we c di/+ui% ) a little att5tion :]e ! unpractic$ eye sees no?+ b gray4 ,?us 9 a m\nta9\s c\ntry1 expos$ to ! w>m light ( ! sun1 ! m\nta9s 9 ! horizon appe> blue ?r\gh ! haze2 !n1 z ev5+ draws on1 ! sun appe>s a deep] orange1 m r$di%1 :ile ! sky seems gre5 by contra/1 & ! r$ rays ( ! sun fall+ on ! m\nta9s turn !m violet1 9 ^? beautiful t9ts :i* give s mu* glory to ^? c\ntries ( l>ge %ad[s & bright lights4 ,h[ev] int5se ! light ( day may be1 x is !re=e always color$1 & gives ^? color$ %ad[s :i* pa9t]s d n always obs]ve4 ,! pa9t]1 9 fact1 %\ld make an analysis ( ! complex light ar\nd him1 & %\ld repeat ! result 9 syn!sis on 8 canvas4 ,^u h>dly any o!r condition c he repres5t ! transp>5cy ( ! atmosph]e1 or ! lum9osity ( a subject or a l&scape4 ,^! color$ %ad[s are n1 !re=e1 false colors1 z (t5 seems to be believ$1 or optical illusions2 !y are really exi/5t1 b our eyes are h>dly ev] practic$ en\gh to disc]n !m2 we are defici5t 9 education ( ! color s5se4 ,?is education is n h>d to atta94 ,!re are p]sons :o h special aptitudes & are consequ5tly rem>kable colori/s1 j z "s p]sons h an admirably organiz$ e> = music2 b1 besides ^!1 x is possible = all p]sons end[$ ) ! faculty ( obs]v+ & capable ( att5tion to acquire ) consid]able rapidity ! faculty ( disc]n+ colors1 :]e !y at pres5t h>dly see any?+ b confus$ gray masses4 7,! epi!t gray1 we may obs]ve1 is us$ z appli$ to _m ?+s ! color ( :i* is n susceptible ( exact det]m9ation47 ,su* att5tive obs]vation ( colors is1 h[ev]1 att5d$ ) "s dang] to pa9t]s4 ,e p]son pref]s "s "o color1 is influ5c$ by a p>ticul> %ade4 ,:5 we exam9e ! works ( ! pa9t]s we see t !re are _m diff]5ces 9 ! way ( see+4 ,"s see blue1 r$1 gre52 o!rs see cle>1 o!rs obscure4 ,9 ! analysis ( a complex color x happ5s t !re is sometimes an auto-sugge/ion4 ,:]e !re is a h>dly def9$ violet1 ! pa9t] w exagg]ate x on 8 canvas1 & w be oblig$1 9 ord] to keep up ! "r tone1 to increase ! int5sity ( ! colors next to x4 ,h5ce arises a common error ) pa9t]s1 :o />t ) a true pr9ciple1 b are n able to apply x prop]ly1 & give _! picture a tonic violet1 gre51 or yell[1 beyond all reason4--,translat$ = ! ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly f ! ,revue ,sci5tifique4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,?omas ,,egle/on4 ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,daniel ,s4 ,,m>t94 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! "w ( ! sci5ti/ is n ( a k9d to attract conspicu\s notice f ! public1 especially 9 great cities1 fill$ & ?rill$ ) comm]cial & political activity2 & s x comes to pass t m5 ( r>e atta9m5ts & untir+ en]gy1 9 ! highe/ walks ( life & ?\ght1 may sp5d _! :ole life-"t 9 su* an environm5t1 & be sc>cely kn[n outside ( a limit$ circle ( k9dr$ m9ds4 ,!y may conf] la/+ b5efits on ! community1 r5d] important s]vices to ! :ole c\ntry1 & be widely kn[n & honor$ 9 o!r l&s1 & yet receive b little g5]al recognition 9 ! place ( _! abode4 ,su* a man1 9 su* a community1 is ,pr(4 ,,?omas ,,egle/on1 ( ! city ( ,new ,york4 ,he has be5 too busy & too mode/ to seek prom95ce 9 ! public eye1 & 8 sci5tific "w has be5 ( a k9d t does n l5d itself readily to popul> lectures or />tl+ ann\ncem5ts2 b z a m9]alogi/1 a metallurgi/1 & a m9+ eng9e]1 & z ! plann] & f\nd] ( ! great ,s*ool ( ,m9es ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 he has made a deep & p]man5t impress on ! hi/ory ( sci5ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,pr(essor ,egle/on is ( ,new ,engl& /ock1 8 ance/ors hav+ be5 among ! fir/ settl]s ( ,dor*e/]1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #afce4 ,!nce !y came by a toilsome & p]il\s j\rney to ,connecticut1 & f\nd$ ,w9dsor1 :i* 0 !nce=w>d _! home1 & :5ce 8 fa!r came to ,new ,york4 ,! removal to ,connecticut arose f a desire = great] fre$om ( life & wor%ip ?an !y f\nd 9 ,massa*usetts2 & ,pr(essor ,egle/on has be5 deeply int]e/$ 9 /udy+ ! little-kn[n records ( ?is movem5t1 & ! influ5ce :i* x ex]t$1 z an almo/ unwritt5 *apt] 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,he proposes to publi% ^! rese>*es1 toge!r ) mu* o!r mat]ial relat+ to our colonial hi/ory1 9 :i* he is an en?usia/ic /ud5t4 ,he 0 born 9 ,new ,york1 on ,decemb] #i1 #ahcb4 ,z a boy he took consid]able int]e/ 9 c]ta9 aspects ( sci5ce1 & at ! age ( ?irte5 _h ga!r$ a collection ( m9]als & rocks4 ,he att5d$ ,yale ,college1 & 9 ! lat] ye>s ( 8 c\rse took special elective "w 9 *emi/ry4 ,aft] graduat+ !re 9 #ahed1 he 0 = a "t an assi/ant to ,pr(4 ,b5jam9 ,silliman1 ,jr4 ,subsequ5tly he w5t abroad1 p>tly = 8 heal?1 & 0 advis$ to sp5d "s "t 9 ,p>is4 ,) no special pr(essional purpose1 b f a g5]al desire to improve 8 "t1 he began att5d+ lectures on geology & *emi/ry at ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 "u ,d',orbigny 7a bro!r ( ! em95t writ]7 & ,hilg>d1 & he work$ ) mu* en]gy 9 ! laboratories ( ^? dep>tm5ts at ! ,j>d94 ,he ?us attract$ ! att5tion ( "s ( ! faculty ( ! cole des ,m9es1 :o (f]$ him l>g] facilities 9 t in/itution1 :i* he at once accept$4 ,aft] mu* v int]e/+ /udy 9 ! paleontological laboratory !re1 he decid$ to g regul>ly ?r\gh ! entire c\rse1 & accompli%$ t purpose ) notable success & honor1 graduat+ 9 #ahfj4 ,he _h work$ z an assi/ant 9 e laboratory ( ! s*ool1 & 9 ! summ]s _h travel$ ?r\gh mu* ( ,france1 becom+ famili> ) its geology1 m9]al res\rces1 m9+ works & processes1 & ga9+ a ma/]y at fir/ h& ( all bran*es ( ^? subjects4 ,^? ye>s 7 to him full ( int]e/ & enjoym5t2 fri5d%ips 7 =m$ t h enri*$ 8 :ole life2 & 9 x all ! man 0 be+ rem>kably prep>$ = ! "w ( develop+ ^? =ms ( sci5ce & ( indu/rial progress 9 our own c\ntry4 ,pr(essor ,egle/on has always reta9$ a /rong feel+ ( atta*m5t t[>d ! cole des ,m9es1 :i* has likewise be5 w>mly reciprocat$4 ,he has %[n 8 int]e/ by two gifts to ! in/itution1 ( five ?\s& doll>s ea*4 ,return+ hi!r 9 #ahfa1 j z ! w> cl\d 0 d>k5+ ov] ! l&1 he receiv$ almo/ imm$iately an appo9tm5t at ,wa%+ton1 to take *>ge ( ! m9]alogical collections & laboratory ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,aft] two ye>s !re he conceiv$ ! purpose t det]m9$ 8 :ole c>e]1 & has s greatly influ5c$ bo? ,am]ican sci5ce & ,am]ican m9]al developm5t--t ( a s*ool ( m9es at ,new ,york4 ,at t "t !re 71 inde$1 9 ?is c\ntry s*ools ( sci5ce1 well organiz$ & well equipp$--! ,%effield ,s*ool at ,yale1 ! ,lawr5ce ,f\ndation at ,h>v>d1 ! ,r5ssela] ,polyte*nic ,in/itute at ,troy1 & o!rs4 ,b _! scope 0 r g5]al 9 "*1 & !re 0 no in/itution plann$ & arrang$ ) di/9ct ref]5ce to m9+ & metallurgy z its ma9 subjects4 ,mr4 ,egle/on1 z he 0 !n kn[n1 saw & felt ?is lack1 & plann$ to supply x4 ,!re is n space "h to detail ! circum/ances "u :i* he 0 l$ to prep>e1 9 #ahfc1 ! ,plan = a ,s*ool ( ,m9es 9 ,new ,york2 b ! mode/ little outl9e !n drawn up & pr9t$ has be5 exce$+ly ri* 9 results4 ,x 0 tak5 up ) int]e/ by c]ta9 lead+ tru/ees ( ,columbia ,college1 z x 0 !n call$1 especially by ! late ,george ,t4 ,/rong4 ,! presid5t1 ! late ,dr4 ,*>les ,k+1 & a majority ( ! bo>d1 favor$ ! exp]im5t1 = s x 0 reg>d$1 & arrangem5ts 7 f9ally made to beg9 x 9 ! autumn ( ! next ye>1 9 limit$ qu>t]s 9 ! old college build+ on ,=ty-n9? ,/reet1 & ) provision = b a small numb] ( /ud5ts--n ov] tw5ty4 ,"p ( ! in/ruction 0 to be giv5 by memb]s ( ! exi/+ college faculty2 & ?ree new pr(essors 7 appo9t$ to special *airs = ! s*ool1 to be comp5sat$ :olly by fees !refrom4 ,^! 71 ,pr(essor ,egle/on1 m9]alogy & metallurgy2 ,pr(4 ,francis ,v9ton1 m9+ eng9e]+2 & ,dr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,*&l]1 *emi/ry4 ,mean:ile1 9 ,june1 #ahfd1 ,presid5t ,k+ 0 succe$$ by ! late ,dr4 ,b>n>d1 ^: /rong int]e/ 9 sci5ce made him a w>m support] ( ! s*ool4 ,already "s prom95t p 7 impress$ ) ! value ( su* a movem5t1 & dispos$ to aid x4 ,a f9e collection ( m9]als 0 pur*as$ & pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,/rong1 & ano!r 0 giv5 by ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,kemble4 ,on ! op5+ day1 ,novemb] #ae1 #ahfd1 ! numb] ( applicants 0 f> beyond expectation & provision2 ! s*ool 0 f\nd to respond to a ne$ & a dem& t _h n be5 suspect$2 x 0 a success f ! fir/4 ,9 a ye> or two x _h become an in/itution ( recogniz$ importance2 ample qu>t]s 7 provid$ = x 9 a l>ge build+1 =m]ly a manufactory1 on ! ,f\r? ,av5ue side ( ! college block1 & important additions 7 made to its corps ( in/ructors--p>ticul>ly ! em95t geologi/1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry1 ( ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ^: noble geological collection 0 deposit$ & us$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,m9es1 & ^: bread? & p[] & p]sonal magnetism s pr(\ndly influ5c$ sci5tific int]e/ & progress 9 ! city ( ,new ,york = m ?an tw5ty ye>s4 ,su* 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! s*ool2 its c>e] has be5 "o ( unbrok5 gr[? & increas+ influ5ce4 ,aft] "s t5 ye>s x 0 f\nd ne$ful to take d[n ! pla9 old trans=m$ factory & erect a new build+ on its site1 ) l>g] space & improv$ facilities4 ,fifte5 ye>s lat] ,columbia ,college 0 remov$ to its new site on ! ,morn+side ,heights1 :]e n[ ! ,s*ool ( ,m9es is in/all$ 9 /ately firepro( /ructures1 :]e9 its great accumulat$ treasures ( collections1 app>atus1 models1 & v>i$ appliances ( in/ruction are safely & p]man5tly h\s$4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is s*ool ^u sci5ce 9 ,new ,york city has be5 incalculable4 ,only ^? :o h liv$ 9 t\* ) ! sci5tific life ( ! metropolis dur+ ! p]iod s9ce ! close ( ! civil w> c appreciate ! *ange t has tak5 place 9 public feel+ reg>d+ sci5ce1 or c recognize h[ l>gely t *ange is due to ! exi/5ce ( su* an in/itution1 & to ! pres5ce ( su* a body ( /rong & able pr(essors1 9 con/ant & active co-op]ation 9 ! int]e/ ( sci5ce4 ,! s*ool attract$ notice f ! fir/1 abroad z well z ?r\gh\t ?is c\ntry4 ,9 #ahga1 sev5 ye>s f its op5+1 a writ] 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review *>act]iz$ x z already m sci5tific ?an ,freib]g1 m practical ?an ,p>is1 & emphasiz$ its influ5ce bo? ^u sci5ce & ^u m9+ int]e/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 po9t+ out t ! lit]ature p]ta9+ to m9es & _! work+ _h be5 v limit$ 9 ! ,engli% language1 & t ! in/ruction 9 ! s*ool _h to be *iefly giv5 by lectures2 b t ^! c\rses w\ld gradually develop into a lit]ature4 ,^! sugge/ions h be5 fully ju/ifi$ by ! results ( ! la/ qu>t] c5tury4 ,! va/ developm5t ( our m9]al res\rces has be5 l>gely "u ! direction ( graduates ( ?is s*ool4 ,hundr$s ( !m are to-day 9 important positions ( sci5tific tru/1 n only ?r\gh\t our own c\ntry b 9 ,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,au/ralia1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ev5 ,europe itself4 ,! lectures ( ! pr(essors1 & ! articles con/antly publi%$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,m9es ,qu>t]ly1 h inde$ giv5 u a lit]ature ( ! subject 9 ,engli%4 ,! local influ5ce 9 ! city has be5 great1 ^u sci5tific education 9 second>y s*ools1 & ^u g5]al public s5tim5t2 :ile 9 ,columbia ,univ]sity ! exp]im5t has become "o ( its f9e/ dep>tm5ts & an elem5t ( its greate/ /r5g?4 ,r>ely is x giv5 to a man to see 9 8 life-"t s great a result f ! plans & ! labors ( 8 e>li] ye>s4 ,( ! _m =ms ( sci5tific activity :i* h engag$ ,pr(essor ,egle/on dur+ 8 busy life1 only ! briefe/ m5tion c be made4 ,he 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,m9+ ,eng9e]s1 0 ?rice its vice-presid5t1 & 0 *os5 presid5t 9 #ahhf2 & he has publi%$ ov] "o hundr$ articles 9 its ,transactions4 ,he 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,am]ican ,metrological ,society1 & ( ! societies ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s & ( ,electrical ,eng9e]s1 & a memb] ( ! society ( ,civil ,eng9e]s & ( ! ,iron & ,/eel ,in/itute ( ,great ,brita94 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,academy ( ,sci5ces he 0 active = _m ye>s1 & held ! vice-presid5cy f #ahfi to #ahha4 ,9 #ahff ,pr(essor ,egle/on 0 associat$ ) ! ,agricultural & ,geological ,survey ( ! ,union ,pacific ,railroad2 9 #ahfh 0 appo9t$ a ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] to exam9e ! =tifications ( ! coa/2 & 9 #ahgc 0 "o ( ! jurors = ! ,int]national ,exposition at ,vi5na4 ,f ,pr9ceton & ,tr9ity ,colleges he receiv$1 9 #ahgd1 ! degrees ( ,ph4 ,d4 & ,,ll4 ,d41 respectively1 & f ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,france ! rank ( a ,*evali] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor 9 #ahij1 & ! exceptional rank ( ,(fici] 9 #ahie4 ,8 pap]s1 publi%$ ei!r sep>ately or 9 ! proce$+s ( ! sev]al eng9e]+ societies above m5tion$1 ! ,annals ( ! ,new ,york ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ! ,s*ool ( ,m9es ,qu>t]ly1 etc41 cov] a wide range ( subjects connect$ ) m9]alogy1 metallurgy1 & m9+ op]ations4 ,9 m9]alogy he 0 especially devot$ to cry/allography1 & 8 noble private collection 0 ga!r$ & arrang$ ) relation to t dep>tm5t4 ,besides 8 /rictly metallurgical articles & treatises1 he has dealt ) su* topics z rails1 9 relation to accid5ts2 furnaces & _! con/ruction2 fire-brick & refractory sub/ances2 slags & _! utilization1 etc42 ! decay ( build+ /ones1 9 connection ) ! ,obelisk2 te*nical education1 manual tra9+1 & improvem5t 9 ! conditions ( work+m5 9 m9+ & metallurgical occupations4 ,8 *ief publi%$ works are ,! ,metallurgy ( ,gold1 ,silv]1 & ,m]cury 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 two l>ge volumes1 #ahhg & #ahij1 & 8 ,lectures on ,m9]alogy1 to :i* may be add$ 8 ,tables = ! ,det]m9ation ( ,m9]als1 ,metallurgical ,tables on ,fuels1 ,iron1 & ,/eel1 diagrams & comp>isons ( cry/als & cry/al notation1 tables ( production ( _m ( ! metals1 report on ! ,union ,pacific ,railroad survey ( #ahfh1 & _m o!rs4 ,)9 ! pa/ two ye>s ,pr(essor ,egle/on has )drawn f active "w 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,m9es1 & be>s n[ ! title ( ,pr(essor ,em]itus2 8 heal? has be5 a good deal impair$1 & 8 "w has pass$ l>gely into ! *>ge ( y\ng] m5 :o h gr[n up "u 8 direction z /ud5ts & assi/ants4 ,dur+ ! la/ w9t] he has pres5t$ to ! s*ool 8 entire sci5tific libr>y & 8 private collection ( m9]als above ref]r$ to1 "s six ?\s& specim5s4 ,^!1 9 addition to ! great m9]alogical treasures already possess$ by ! in/itution1 all ga!r$ & arrang$ "u 8 sup]vision1 w make ! ,s*ool ( ,m9es collection c]ta9ly "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,al?\gh devot$ to 8 own special bran*es1 ,pr(essor ,egle/on _h giv5 a /rik+ example ( broad int]e/ 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( sci5ce 9 8 labor ( love 9 connection ) ! monum5t to ! memory ( ! great orni?ologi/ ,audubon4 ,! pres5t writ] 0 closely associat$ ) him 9 ?is "w1 & c te/ify to 8 en]gy1 en?usiasm1 & p]sev]ance !re94 ,! lat] ye>s ( ,audubon's life _h be5 sp5t on ,manhattan ,isl&1 9 a mode/ b beautiful suburban home on ! ,hudson1 above ,h>lem1 kn[n z ,audubon ,p>k4 ,he di$ 9 #ahea1 & 0 buri$ 9 a family vault 9 ,tr9ity ,cemet]y1 !n f> out ( t[n1 n[ ly+ betwe5 ,"o hundr$ & ,fifty-?ird & ,"o ,hundr$ & ,fifty-fif? ,/reets1 ,am/]dam ,av5ue1 & ! ,hudson4 ,! spot 0 remote & almo/ unkn[n1 & ) ! dea? & removal ( mo/ ( ! family1 x _h fall5 into neglect4 ,:5 ,"o ,hundr$ & ,fifty-?ird ,/reet 0 to be op5$ ?r\gh to ! riv]1 ! vault1 :i* 0 close to ! /reet l9e1 0 9 dang] ( injury2 & !n ,pr(essor ,egle/on took up ! matt] & propos$ to ! tru/ees ( ! cemet]y t if !y w\ld grant ano!r plot 9 a bett] location1 he w\ld endeavor to h a h&some monum5t erect$ by national subscription4 ,! tru/ees respond$ w>mly1 & ,pr(essor ,egle/on und]took ! "w4 ,be=e go+ abroad 9 #ahhg he broa*$ ! subject to ! writ]1 & sugge/$ t he pres5t x dur+ ! meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 :i* 0 to be held dur+ t summ] 9 ,new ,york4 ,! writ] gladly respond$ to ! plan1 & 9 ,augu/ ( t ye> laid ! facts be=e a g5]al meet+ ( ! association4 ,mu* int]e/ 0 express$1 b no action 0 tak51 z _h be5 hop$4 ,at ! fir/ regul> meet+ ( ! ,new ,york ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 9 ,octob]1 ! writ] aga9 pres5t$ ! subject1 ) bett] result2 & a committee 0 appo9t$ by ! academy1 consi/+ ( ,pr(essor ,egle/on z *airman1 ,dr4 ,n4 ,l4 ,britton1 & ! writ]4 ,on ! return ( ! =m] f ,europe ! "w 0 tak5 up 9 e>ne/2 & "u ! indefatigable ef=ts ( ! *airman & ( ! secret>y1 ,dr4 ,britton1 al?\gh ) _m delays & disc\ragem5ts1 x 0 c>ri$ to a triumphant success4 ,be=e ! end ( ! ye> 7#ahhg7 ! committee _h held num]\s meet+s1 prep>$ & issu$ a circul>1 & engag$ ! co-op]ation ( sev]al o!r organizations ) ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 includ+ ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union1 ! ,agassiz ,association1 & ! ,audubon ,society 7= ! protection ( our native birds74 ,a design 0 propos$ by ! academy's committee1 & adopt$ by ! jo9t committee ( ! sev]al societies2 ?is design orig9at$ ) ,pr(essor ,egle/on1 & 0 a /rik+ comb9ation ( ! religi\s1 sci5tific1 & arti/ic elem5ts appropriate to ! purpose4 ,! s*eme 0 t ( a ,runic cross1 ! only =m ( t ,*ri/ian symbol :i* c prop]ly be> ornam5tal devices1 accord+ to ! canons ( arti/s & ar*itects1 & ?is 0 to be cov]$ ) reliefs ( ! birds1 quadrup$s1 & fl[]s t ,audubon s lov$ & /udi$1 & t h giv5 him 8 fame z ! arti/-naturali/ ( ,am]ica4 ,! g5]al design be+ approv$1 ! selection & arrangem5t ( ! animals & birds 0 giv5 to a subcommittee ( speciali/s1 consi/+ ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,all51 ,mr4 ,g4 ,b4 ,s5nett1 & ,dr4 ,n4 ,l4 ,britton1 ^: duty 0 to secure accurate repres5tation & arti/ic gr\p+ ( ! =ms4 ,9 all ^! comb9$ aspects ?is monum5t is d\btless unique4 ,z x /&s to-day ov] ! grave ( him :om x commemorates--graceful1 dignifi$1 & altoge!r peculi>--x is an honor to our city1 z well z a fitt+ tribute to ! memory ( ,audubon1 ! ,nature-lov]1 ! arti/1 & ! ,*ri/ian believ]4 ,= ?is beautiful ?\ght1 s nobly c>ri$ out1 bo? ,am]ican sci5ce & ! city ( ,new ,york are indebt$ to ,?omas ,egle/on4 ,! progress ( ! ef=t 0 sl[2 x 0 n until #ahia t suffici5t subscriptions 7 secur$1 & n until ! spr+ ( #ahic t all 0 ready = ! =mal c]emonies4 ,dur+ all ?is "t ,pr(essor ,egle/on & ,dr4 ,britton 7 untir+ 9 _! endeavors & unfalt]+ 9 _! purpose to succe$4 ,on ,april #bf1 #ahic1 ! monum5t 0 d$icat$ ) suitable ex]cises1 ( great int]e/1 at ,tr9ity ,cemet]y1 & a memorial address ^u ! life & "w ( ,audubon 0 deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,daniel ,g4 ,elliott1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,e41 ( ! ,orni?ologi/s' ,union1 at a public meet+ at ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,pr(essor ,egle/on has also laid ! citiz5s ( ,new ,york "u endur+ obligation to him 9 ano!r & ev5 m important matt]1 ! pres]vation ( "o ( ! mo/ valuable ( our small] p>ks f ! clut*es ( ! speculator & spoil]4 ,x is kn[n to b few ( ! resid5ts ( ! city t a s]ies ( det]m9$ attempts 0 made1 "s ye>s ago1 to de/roy & oblit]ate ,wa%+ton ,squ>e1 9 ! same way 9 :i* ! ,/4 ,john's ,p>k outrage 0 p]petrat$ t5 ye>s be=e4 ,! me?od pursu$ 9 t case 0 by int]e/$ p>ties buy+ up prop]ty ar\nd ! p>k & coloniz+ ! h\ses ) t5ants :o w\ld ei!r favor or cons5t to ! v&al oblit]ation ( t beautiful spot ( re/ & %ade = ! erection !reon ( ! ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad freight depot4 ,/4 ,john's ,p>k1 h[ev]1 0 ! prop]ty p>tly ( a corporation1 p>tly ( individuals1 & ! job 0 comp>atively easy4 ,wa%+ton ,squ>e belong$ to ! city2 b ! same process 0 begun by a great real-e/ate magnate1 & 0 go+ on t[>d a simil> result1 :5 ! dea? ( ! ar*-conspirator *eck$ ! s*eme = a "t4 ,a little lat]1 h[ev]1 x 0 reviv$1 "u ! notori\s ,twe$ rgime1 & w\ld h succe$$ b = ! ke5 insight & vigor\s action ( a few public-spirit$ citiz5s1 l$ by ,pr(essor ,egle/on4 ,wa%+ton ,squ>e _h be5 dug ov] & torn up1 "u ! pretext ( remodel+ & improvem5t1 & ! unsightly m\nds & piles ( e>? 7 left = _m mon?s1 n only to (f5d ! eye1 b to g5]ate mal>ia4 ,! gr\nd _h be5 orig9ally a ,pott]'s ,field1 & ! op5+ & upturn+ ( ! soil1 frequ5tly unheal?y 9 its effect1 0 m>k$ly s 9 t case4 ,! s\? side ( ! squ>e _h be5 work$ already1 9 ! fir/ attempt1 & _h l>gely lo/ its population ( old resid5ts2 b ! nor? side 0 /ill occupi$ by a select class ( old ,new-,york]s4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! desolate aspect ( ! p>k & ! mal>ia t began to be felt1 an exodus ( ! own]s on ! nor? side 0 imm95t4 ,!n began to be h9t$ "s s*emes = :i* all ?is 0 prep>atory4 ,a great militia armory 0 to be erect$ on ! we/]n end1 & o!r projects vaguely loom$ up1 involv+ ! ru9 ( ! p>k z su*4 ,a bill to legalize ^! s*emes 0 quietly introduc$ at ,albany1 & _h be5 br\ght ne>ly to its passage1 by influ5ces no less pot5t = _! c>eful concealm5t4 ,pr(essor ,egle/on & a few o!r g5tlem5 ( ! vic9ity 7 anxi\s ab\t ^! rumors1 b c\ld get no in=mation4 ,inquiries f city (ficials 7 met ) positive d5ial ( any su* int5tions1 & x 0 only )9 a few days ( ! "t set = ! passage ( ! bill t !y succe$$ 9 discov]+ its real mean+4 ,at ?is late juncture ! ,public ,p>ks ,protective ,association 0 quietly & quickly organiz$ by a small body ( public-spirit$ m51 ( :om ! late ,john ,jay 0 presid5t & ,pr(essor ,egle/on secret>y4 ,?is association set itself to "w mo/ e>ne/ly to reveal ! dang]1 to ar\se public s5tim5t & public prote/1 & to make ^! felt 9 ! ,capitol at ,albany4 ,circul>s & petitions 7 prep>$ & widely dissem9at$1 at ! co/ ( great labor1 )9 ! brief "t left ere ! bill %\ld come up = passage4 ,! ,new ,york ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 speak+ 9 ! int]e/ ( public heal?1 pass$ /rong resolutions ( remon/rance2 & v>i\s o!r bodies took simil> action1 includ+ ! ,academy ( ,m$ic9e4 ,! result 0 t legislators 7 ar\s$1 "s to ! real "* ( measures t !y _h n fully und]/ood1 & o!rs to ! exi/5ce ( a public s5tim5t ^u :i* !y _h n c\nt$1 & ! bill fail$ to pass4 ,nor 0 ?is all3 a resolution 0 adopt$1 prep>$ by ! association1 gu>antee+ ! gr\nd occupi$ by ! squ>e to be kept =ev] z a p>k = purposes ( public heal? & recreation4 ,t ,wa%+ton ,squ>e rema9s to-day1 an oasis ( beauty 9 ! des]t ( brick & /one1 & a brea?+ place 9 t d5sely built portion ( ! great city1 is due pr9cipally to ! wat*fulness & en]gy ( ,pr(essor ,egle/on4 ,he x 0 :o sav$ t p>k to ! p ( ,new ,york1 & a debt ( la/+ gratitude !re=e is ow+ him f !m4 ,?is is an unwritt5 episode 9 ! hi/ory ( our city1 & ! pres5t writ]1 :o knew some?+ ( ! facts at ! "t1 is gratifi$ to be able to put !m on record n[4 ,b let u n fail to note ! lesson t !y convey4 ,et]nal vigilance is ! price ( all t is valuable 9 a community l ours1 :]e ! dem&s ( bus9ess gre$ & ! devices ( political s*em]s & bosses may at any "t unite aga91 z 9 ! pa/1 = acts ( pr(itable v&alism1 & dismiss z s5tim5tal all consid]ations ( beauty1 heal?1 or hi/orical association4 ,! sanit>y importance ( our small] p>ks is n[ bett] und]/ood2 & ! city is buy+ prop]ty = su* purposes at heavy co/1 9 localities :]e fifty ye>s ago p>ks c\ld h be5 laid out at little exp5se1 & ma9ta9$ at a va/ sav+ ( human heal? & life4 ,su* articles1 also1 z t ( ,dr4 ,/eph5 ,smi?1 9 ! ,febru>y numb] ( ?is mon?ly1 are educat+ ! intellig5t community z to ! sanit>y value ( vegetation 9 cities4 ,b no?+ is safe or sacr$ :]e ! evil tr9ity ( ! boss1 ! speculator1 & ! s\lless corporation may comb9e _! =ces2 & ! call is = ceaseless wat*fulness4 ,pr(essor ,egle/on has be5 all 8 life 9 active association ) ! religi\s & b5evol5t "w ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,he became presid5t ( ! ,bible & ,common ,pray]-,book ,society 9 #ahga2 0 vice-presid5t ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,city ,mission ,society f #ahgj to #ahig2 a tru/ee ( ! ,g5]al ,!ological ,sem9>y1 & a memb] ( ! corporation ( ,tr9ity ,*ur* f #ahgh4 ,9 connection ) ! la/-nam$ body "s ( 8 relations h an int]e/ wid] ?an 8 own d5om9ation1 & may fitt+ly be m5tion$ 9 a sket* relat+ *iefly to 8 sci5tific c>e]4 ,two po9ts may "h be not$3 ! s*ools among ! poor] classes ma9ta9$ by ! ,tr9ity corporation2 & ! unique jewel$ *alice 9 memory ( 8 wife1 pres5t$ by him to ,tr9ity ,*ur*4 ,aid$ & controll$ m or less by ,tr9ity corporation1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! city & 9 connection ) diff]5t ,episcopal *ur*es1 are n[ eight s*ools1 ) ab\t "o ?\s& pupils4 ,9 ^! are taught c>eful & sci5tific me?ods ( tra9+ along mod]n l9es1 ( eye & h& developm5t1 hygi5e1 economy1 & ?rift1 to *ildr5 & y\? ( ! ne$ie/ classes4 ,already = ye>s mu* int]e/$ 9 ^! s*ools1 ,pr(essor ,egle/on has1 s9ce 8 )drawal f pr(essional activity1 giv5 mu* ( 8 "t to _! advancem5t1 & has f\nd int5se gratification 9 obs]v+ ! results ( ?is tra9+ among a class ( *ildr5 t1 f _! g5]al environm5t1 w\ld gr[ up to be a burd5 or a m5ace to ! city4 ,! intellig5t culture ( h& & eye1 ! m5tal quick5+ & moral uplift+1 ! capacity & purpose ( honorable self-support1 & ! protection f moral & social p]ils1 t are imp>t$ & secur$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ^! s*ools1 are to him a con/ant s\rce ( en?usiasm4 ,! jewel$ *alice above ref]r$ to is ( sci5tific int]e/ f ! great v>iety & r>ity ( ! gems ) :i* x is set4 ,dur+ ye>s ( travel to & f _m p>ts ( ,europe1 ,pr(essor ,egle/on _h rem>kable opportunities1 9 8 visits to m9+ regions & 8 int]c\rse ) m9]alogi/s1 to obta9 f9e & *oice specim5s ( gems2 ^! he _h m\nt$ 9 elegant =ms z pres5ts to 8 wife1 ,mrs4 ,augu/a ,mc,vickar ,egle/on4 ,h] dea?1 9 #ahie1 0 a v great bl[ to h] husb&1 z _! m>ri$ life _h be5 extremely happy2 & ! only satisfactory use to :i* ?is beautiful treasure ( jewelry c\ld be put seem$ to him to be 9 ! s]vices ( div9e wor%ip 9 ! *ur*4 ,x is n possible 9 brief compass1 )\t a figure1 to describe ! arrangem5t ( ^! jewels on ! base1 /em1 & cup ( ! gold5 *alice2 b x mu/ suffice to say t !re are "o hundr$ & eighty /ones set 91 ) emboss$ "w1 on a cup & p$e/al n9e in*es high & half t wid?4 ,! species & v>ieties numb] fifte51 _m ( !m 9 r>e %ades ( color2 among !m are ! ruby-color$ ,siriam g>nets1 gre5 demantoid g>nets ( ! ,ural 7,uralian em]ald71 ,ceylonese moon/ones1 color$ diamonds1 sapphires1 bo? yell[ & gre5 7,ori5tal topaz & em]ald71 rubellites1 r$ zircon1 moldavite 7! r>e gre5 obsidian ( ,moravia71 gre5 t\rmal9e1 *rysob]yl1 ! ri* purple ame?y/s ( ! ,urals1 etc4 ,consid]$ ei!r m9]alogically or z a "w ( art1 ?is *alice is almo/ unique2 :ile ! conception & design+1 :i* are :olly ( ,pr(essor ,egle/on's own1 reveal ! same union ( arti/ic & sci5tific qualities t 0 %[n 9 ! ,audubon monum5t above m5tion$1 jo9$ ) a religi\s & a p]sonal s5tim5t almo/ too sacr$ to dwell ^u 9 a sket* l ! pres5t4 ,9 all ^! aspects ( 8 life & "w1 z we said at ! beg9n+1 ,pr(essor ,egle/on has be5 little kn[n to ! g5]al public2 b among sci5tific & eng9e]+ circles he has be5 highly honor$4 ,9 ^! pages he may become m widely kn[n1 & ! p ( ! metropolis & ( ! c\ntry at l>ge may le>n some?+ ( ! mann] ( man t has liv$ & labor$ s honorably among !m1 & has done s mu* = sci5ce & 8 fell[-m54 ,editor's ,table4 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,! ,,ideal4 ,we h _h frequ5t occasion 9 ^! columns to ref] to ! tirades aga9/ sci5ce indulg$ 9 by writ]s :o1 because !y c n q make ends meet 9 _! philosophy ( ! univ]se1 /rangely all[ !mselves to ?9k t sci5ce mu/ be at fault4 ,at "o mom5t x is ,m4 ,brunetire1 at ano!r ,tol/oi1 at ano!r x is a ,h>v>d pr(essor or a ,we/]n s*ool sup]9t5d5t2 b no v long "t elapses be=e we f9d somebody 9 v unnecess>y tr\ble1 z x seems to u1 ov] ! %ortcom+s ( sci5ce4 ,! la/ suff]] to :om our att5tion has be5 drawn is ,dr4 ,john ,beattie ,crozi]1 ! au?or ( two able works--,civilization & ,progress1 & ,hi/ory ( ,intellectual ,developm5t--:o has lately writt5 a hi/ory ( 8 own intellectual developm5t "u ! title ( ,my ,inn] ,life4 ,?is writ] describes ! effect ^u 8 m9d ( a /udy ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology4 ,!n x 01 he says1 t ! ideal )9 me1 /ruck to ! he>t1 %rivel$ & collaps$4 ,?is sad result 0 due to ! discov]y1 =c$ on him by a /udy ( ! "w 9 "q1 t all our m5tal exp]i5ces h equally a mat]ial basis1 & t f a mat]ial po9t ( view or1 z we may say1 se5 f bel[1 "o ?\ght or feel+ is z mu* ju/ifi$ z any o!r4 ,previ\sly he _h consid]$ t su* high] faculties z v5]ation1 b5evol5ce1 consci5ti\sness1 & ! l1 7 q di/9ct 9 ess5tial nature f l[ ones1 l rev5ge1 lu/1 vanity1 c[>dice1 & deceit2 b n[ all ?is 0 *ang$1 & all ! faculties alike1 ! high & ! l[1 ! noble & ! base1 ! h]oic & ! self-indulg5t1 lay on a dead level ( moral & spiritual equality 444 all alike be+ b vibrations1 vibrations1 vibrations1 no?+ m4 ,consequ5tly1 ! de?ron$ ,ideal fell prone & headlong l a false & usurp+ _s2 & my m9d1 b]eav$ ( t :i* _h be5 its life1 settl$ into a deep & :at1 = a ye> or two1 ?reat5$ to be a p]man5t intellectual gloom4 ,x is a great pity t at ?is critical mom5t a v simple consid]ation did n occur to ?is tr\bl$ _s4 ,:5 we read ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt we read words1 words1 words2 :5 we read "s horrible piece ( pr(anity or indec5cy x is aga9 words1 words1 words2 :5 we read ! demon/ration ( a proposition 9 ,euclid x is words1 words1 words2 &1 aga91 :5 we take up ,t5nyson's ,9 ,memoriam we f9d t its :ole tissue is words1 words1 words4 ,b w\ld x t5d 9 ! lea/ to less5 "o's rev]5ce = ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt to be rem9d$ t x 0 con/ruct$ out ( ! same v]bal elem5ts z ! piece ( pr(anity8 or w\ld x dim9i% our admiration = ,9 ,memoriam to be told t x 0 con/ruct$ ( words j l ! dulle/ piece ( prose8 ,if n1 !n :y %\ld "o be s t]ribly disconc]t$ & depress$ to f9d t all our m5tal life f9ds its basis 9 vibrations8 ,or :y %\ld ! inf]5ce be drawn t1 because ! basis is "o1 all t reposes on x mu/ also be "o 9 "* & mean+8 ,is our delight 9 ! lily or ! rose impair$ by ! reflection t x spr+s f ! same soil t produces noisome we$s2 or d we gaze on ! humm+ bird ) less admiration because x flies 9 ! same atmosph]e z ! bat8 ,:y %\ld vibrations n be ! condition ( exi/5ce ( "o m5tal ph5om5on z well z ( ano!r8 ,surely ! v fact t ,dr4 ,crozi] classes all ! feel+s he m5tions z m5tal affections %\ld prep>e him to believe t !y h a common basis4 ,b h[ feel+s %all be classifi$ & rank$ aft] !y h tak5 =m is a "q precisely simil> to ! "q h[ ! v>i\s comb9ations ( words %\ld be classifi$ & rank$4 ,9 ! latt] case words are ! basis ( !m all1 b we say3 ,?is is an epic poem2 ?is is a moral essay2 ?is is an immoral novel2 ?is is a silly joke2 ?is is a m>ket report4 ,are ^! di/9ctions illusory because words are ! basis & sub/ance ( all ^! v>i\s =ms ( composition8 ,does ! poem lose any?+ ( its beauty1 or ! essay any?+ ( its e?ical value1 because ea* 0 n compos$ ( elem5ts altoge!r peculi> to itself8 ,! solid globe itself 0 once a diffus$ nebula1 b we d n on t acc\nt f9d a less v>i$ beauty 9 fl[] & tree1 9 hillside & runn+ brook & gr&ly fl[+ riv]4 ,9 8 sad condition ( m5tal dis>ray our au?or betook himself1 he says1 to ! c\nsels ( ,?omas ,c>lyle4 ,t sage1 :5 he he>d t 8 visitor _h be5 read+ ,sp5c]1 made "s uncomplim5t>y rem>ks ab\t ! latt] :i* we h>dly ?9k ! visitor 0 ju/ifi$ 9 repeat+4 ,ap>t f ?is1 ,c>lyle told him 9 effect t1 z he 0 9 ! _w1 he _h j to make ! be/ ( x1 & t 9 "t he w\ld f9d "w t he c\ld d ) b5efit to himself & o!rs4 ,f9ally1 our au?or made :at he calls a discov]y & (f]s z a contribution to mod]n philosophy--namely1 t 9 ! m9d ( man !re is a scale1 accord+ to :i* ?\ghts & feel+s are apprais$4 ,"s are high up on ! scale & "s are l[ d[n4 ,he f\nd t !re is t 9 ! m9d :i* is n ( ! m9d1 & :i* sits 9 judgm5t on all ! cont5ts ( ! m9d--some?+ :i* smiles on e "r action & fr[ns on e wrong "o1 & yet :i* he does n c>e to speak ( z consci5ce4 ,"h 0 ! antidote he requir$ to ! pure & undilut$ mat]ialism :i* _h s p>alyz$ 8 moral be+ 9 ! ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology2 &1 hav+ obta9$ x1 he has be5 liv+ happily1 z we ga!r1 ev] s9ce4 ,we h tri$ to d ju/ice to ! orig9ality ( ,dr4 ,crozi]'s conception1 b really ) indiff]5t success4 ,t !re is a scale by :i* we are all accu/om$ to measure ! v>y+ values ( our ?\ghts1 feel+s1 & actions h>dly ne$s to be /at$2 & t !re is sub/antial agreem5t betwe5 m5 on ! same plane ( civilization z to ! relative values ( diff]5t m5tal products is also unque/ionably true4 ,:at our au?or has n %[n is h[ ?is conflicts ) ! /rict sci5tific position tak5 9 ! ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology4 ,he does n tell u t he has repudiat$ ! tea*+s ( t "w2 inde$1 he gives u di/9ctly to und]/& t1 s f> z x affirms ! dep5d5ce ( ?\ght ^u physical organization1 he adh]es to x /ill4 ,if s1 he has only built ^u x a sup]/ructure :i* x 0 always op5 to him to build2 s1 :y he %\ld f9d fault ) ! f\ndation x is n easy to see4 ,sci5ce goes z f> z %e c see h] way to g 9 sett+ =? ! relations betwe5 ! m9d ( man & ! environ+ univ]se4 ,x /udies also ! human m9d 9 its hi/orical manife/ations1 & tries to unfold ! laws ( human conduct4 ,x conf9es itself to facts :i* are believ$ to admit ( v]ification & to inf]5ces :i* h be5 te/$ by exp]i5ce4 ,?is is ! contribution ( ,sci5ce to ! !ory ( human life4 ,b because ,sci5ce /ops "h %e does n lay any veto on ?\ght1 desire1 or hope4 ,%e lays a f\ndation2 x is = u to build !reon gold1 silv]1 preci\s /ones1 wood1 hay1 /ubble1 ea* ( u accord+ to our own impulse & ^u our own responsibility4 ,! fire ( exp]i5ce w try e man's "w ( :at sort x is4 ,b n only may we build1 we mu/ build2 no "o c live ^u ano!r man's philosophy4 ,we may adopt ?is cre$ or t1 b x means no?+ to u till we h work$ x ov] 9 our own m9d & made x our own--) modifications4 ,!re is no?+ :atev] 9 sci5ce t conflicts ) ! ideal4 ,/rictly speak+1 sci5ce br+s u to ! ?re%old ( ! ideal1 & leaves u !re4 ,^! are ! facts ( life1 x says2 su* has be5 ! c\rse ( human hi/ory4 ,! human race has ris5 f humble orig9s to its pres5t comm&+ position 9 ! _w2 & to-day ! /&>ds ( human conduct & ! conditions ( human happ9ess are v diff]5t f :at !y 7 9 ! di/ant pa/4 ,social ties h multipli$ & /r5g!n$4 ,dome/ic affections h gr[n 9 dep? & t5d]ness1 & individual happ9ess is n[ b\nd up to a v l>ge ext5t 9 ! happ9ess ( o!r individuals4 ,! cruel sup]/itions ( ! pa/ h giv5 way 9 _m m9ds to a rev]5t reg>d = a p[] :i* is felt to rule 9 ! univ]se4 ,( su* a p[] ,sci5ce c n r5d] any exact acc\nt2 b be=e all ! ultimate que/ions ( exi/5ce ,sci5ce is dumb2 nor c x attempt to reconcile ! ant9omies :i* ass]t !mselves 9 all ph5om5a4 ,x is = y1 ! individual1 ent]+ ^u life1 to make y\r *oice ( ! c\rse y %all hold & ! pr9ciples by :i* y %all be gov]n$4 ,! s5ses are ! guides to imm$iate pleasure1 b ! exp]i5ce ( ! ages has settl$ ) consid]able approa* to c]ta9ty ! conditions on :i* endur+ happ9ess is to be won4 ',*oose well2 y\r *oice is ,brief & yet endless4' ,to ! man :o insi/s on be+ knock$ d[n ) a club be=e he w yield to p]suasion !re is no?+ 9 su* a mode ( address t w be conv9c+4 ,?is is a case 9 :i*1 z ,pascal says1 !re is en\gh light = ^? :o desire to see1 & en\gh obscurity = ^? :o want a pretext = n see+4444 ,p]fect cle>ness might help ! und]/&+1 b x w\ld injure ! w4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 room on ! sci5tific f\ndation = ! idealism ( ,dr4 ,crozi]1 & = _m o!r =ms ( idealism4 ,x is = ea* "o ( u to con/ruct 8 own ideal1 &1 hav+ con/ruct$ x1 to live by x4 ,if any man's "w abide he %all receive a rew>d4 ,,racial ,,geography4 ,! int]e/+ pap]s contribut$ to ?is magaz9e by ,pr(4 ,william ,z4 ,ripley1 :i*1 we are glad to say1 w soon be publi%$ 9 a m p]man5t =m1 indicate v cle>ly ! rem>kable progress t has be5 made ( late ye>s 9 ! sci5tific /udy ( human orig9s4 ,=m]ly leg5d & tradition 7 ! only s\rces ( light ^u prehi/oric times2 & ! sagaci\s ,?ucydides dismiss$ all speculation respect+ ^? ages ) ! curt rem>k t he did n ?9k ! p :o liv$ !n am\nt$ to mu*1 any way4 ,no d\bt he 0 ne>] "r 9 ?is op9ion ?an 7 ^? :o peopl$ antiquity ) demigods & h]oes2 /ill !re 0 mu* ( int]e/ to be glean$ respect+ ! prehi/oric pa/ if only "r me?ods ( rese>* _h be5 us$4 ,?is 0 too mu* to expect 9 8 day2 &1 inde$1 x is only 9 v rec5t times t ! /udy ( human orig9s has be5 plac$ ^u any?+ l an adequate sci5tific basis4 ,a ref]5ce to ,mr4 ,ripley's "w w %[ h[ num]\s are ! l9es ( inve/igation n[ pursu$4 ,language1 :i* at "o "t 0 consid]$ an all-important te/ ( orig91 has fall5 f its high position2 & !ories :i*1 on ! /r5g? ( l+ui/ic evid5ce1 7 v widely ent]ta9$1 h lo/ _! au?ority4 ,p>ticul>ly has ?is be5 ! case ) ! s-call$ ,aryan !ory4 ,x 0 simple & beautiful & int]e/+1 b z obs]vations accumulat$ x became m & m unt5able1 until f9ally x _h to be disc>d$4 ,! problems :i* ! an?ropologi/ & e?nologi/ attack are inde$ ( ! highe/ degree ( complexity4 ,if our pr$ecessors w5t a/ray !re91 we ourselves are only feel+ our way v cauti\sly & some:at unc]ta9ly4 ,we h n yet rea*$ an era ( victori\s g5]alizations4 ,pr(essor ,ripley well indicates ! difficulties ( ! rese>*4 ,?+s w g well = a consid]able "t along c]ta9 l9es ( obs]vation until ! facts come to be glean$ 9 "s special field1 & !n ! result w p]haps be j ! opposite ( :at !ory requir$4 ,9 a bra*ycephalic region1 = example1 :]e craniological & o!r te/s call = a population ( %ort /ature1 ! /ature w reveal itself z mu* above ! av]age4 ,9 a region :]e1 look+ at race *>act]i/ics z else:]e e/abli%$1 ! t5d5cy1 say1 to suicide %\ld be p>ticul>ly l[1 x is f\nd by /ati/ics to be p>ticul>ly high4 ,! e?nologi/ f9ds 8 pa? /rewn ) endless difficulties ( ?is nature1 & yet he is n disc\rag$4 ,! tru? lies some:]e1 & he kn[s t a vigor\s & c\rage\s sift+ ( ! facts w be sure to br+ x to light1 if n to-day1 to-morr[4 ,we ga!r f ,pr(essor ,ripley's pages a /rong impression ( ! confid5t pati5ce ) :i* ! true man ( sci5ce attacks 8 problems2 he is sure t 8 me?ods are "r1 & t 9 ! end !y mu/ triumph4 ,! int]e/+ po9ts ( view :i* ! /udy ( racial geography pres5ts are numb]less4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly %[n 9 ,pr(essor ,ripley's *apt] on ,mod]n ,social ,problems4 ,9 ?is *apt] ! writ] ackn[l$ges1 z he does else:]e1 t !ories ( race & ( h]$ity h sometimes be5 pu%$ too f>4 ,he dem&s a due recognition ( ! influ5ce ( environm5t1 & cites cases :]e environm5t w expla9 div]g5ces f :at are recogniz$ z race *>act]i/ics or t5d5cies4 ,an example ( ?is is af=d$ by ! case ( ,brittany1 9 connection ) sep>at5ess ( home life4 ,! population ( ,brittany belongs to a race t is p>ticul>ly prone to su* sep>at5ess1 & yet 9 ,brittany !re is an unusual int]m+l+ ( families "u "o ro(4 ,we c n ent] into ! explanation "h1 b ,pr(essor ,ripley %[s h[ ! physical geography ( ! c\ntry may acc\nt = ! v>iation f type4 ,9 ! same *apt] ! writ] %[s v int]e/+ly h[ ! ,celtic p>ts ( ,france manife/ almo/ inv>iably cons]vative t5d5cies3 h[ !y %un divorce1 af=d a v l[ rate ( suicide1 &1 9 ! matt] ( crime1 t5d r to de$s ( viol5ce ?an to acts ( di%one/y4 ,! g5]al impression :i* ! intellig5t read] w ga!r f ! :ole "w is t racial geography has all ! int]e/ ( a rapidly gr[+ sci5ce2 b t1 :ile mu* has be5 accompli%$1 mu* m rema9s to be done4 ,! l9es ( rese>* are _m1 & we may reasonably hope t be=e long ! comb9$ labors ( an?ropologi/1 e?nologi/1 & sociologi/ w give u a coh]5t body ( k & !ory :i* %all n only illum9ate ! pa/ b be ( ! v highe/ value = ! compreh5sion ( ! problems ( our own day4 ,sci5tific ,lit]ature4 ,,special ,,books4 ,9 a /udy ( :at con/itutes ! f\ndations ( zology we "k ( no "o bett] equipp$ to discuss ! v>i\s problems ?an ,pr(essor ,brooks4,v ,z an orig9al inve/igator 9 _m gr\ps ( inv]tebrate zology1 z a /ud5t ( animal life 9 temp]ate & tropical seas1 z a special tea*] ( embryology & zology = a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 &1 above all1 z a pr(\nd /ud5t ( ! philosophical lit]ature ( ! subject1 8 equipm5t is ?or\gh & complete4 ,a fair review ( ?is "w w\ld be difficult )\t volum9\s quotations f its pages4 ,footnote ,v3 ,! ,f\ndations ( ,zology4 ,a ,c\rse ( ,lectures deliv]$ at ,columbia ,univ]sity on ! ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce z illu/rat$ by ,zology4 ,by ,william ,kei? ,brooks1 ,ph4 ,d41 ,,ll4 ,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,zology at ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 ,pp4 #cci4 ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,! read] w f9d "h ! s\nde/1 heal?ie/ acceptance ( ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( natural selection4 ,he p5etrates ! mi/s & fogs ( philosophical vag>ies & foll[s ! dictum ( ,tyndall1 :o1 9 pres5t+ ! ess5tials ( a discussion1 says1 ,n ) ! vagu5ess belong+ to ! emotions1 b ) ! def9it5ess belong+ to ! und]/&+ we are to /udy ^! matt]s4 ,x is fact1 fact1 fact4 ,! hone/ ,i d n "k inspires ! read] ) a confid5ce t obscure po9ts are n to be juggl$ )4 ,he insi/s t ! pr9ciples ( sci5ce are physical1 t a me*anical int]pretation ( ,nature is reasonable & j4 ,ref]r+ to ,huxley1 he rem>ks t fai? & hope are good ?+s1 no d\bt1 & 7quot+ f ,huxley7 expectation is p]missible :5 belief is n1 b exp]i5ce tea*es t expectation or fai? ( a ma/] is v apt to become belief 9 ! m9d ( ! /ud5t1 & 7aga9 f ,huxley7 ,sci5ce w>ns u t ! ass]tion :i* out/rips evid5ce is n only a blund] b a crime4 ,9 ! *apt] ( ,nature & ,nurture he br+s _m pot5t facts & argum5ts aga9/ ! idea ( ! transmission ( acquir$ traits4 ,)\t copi\s extracts x is impossible to d ju/ice to ?is ma/]ly pres5tation ( ! subject4 ,! *apt] ab\nds 9 aphorisms1 z inde$ d o!r portions ( ! "w2 & ^! alone1 if s]ially collat$ ) _! contexts1 w\ld make a valuable little h&book = ! /ud5t ( biology4 ,8 *apt] on ,lam>ck is equally /rong1 & ! fallacies ( ,lam>ckianisms h nev] be5 s cle>ly %[n4 ,! contra/ betwe5 :at we may call ! solicitude ( ,nature to secure ! production ( new be+s1 & ! ru?lessness ) :i* !y are sacrific$ aft] !y h come into exi/5ce1 is a /umbl+-block to ! ,lam>ckian1 & ! cr[n+ glory ( natural selection 9 t x solves ?is great enigma ( ,nature by %[+ t x is itself an adaptation & a means to an end1 = ! sacrifice ( individuals is ! means = p]fect+ ! adju/m5ts ( liv+ ?+s to ! _w ar\nd !m & = ?us increas+ ! sum ( life4 ,:ole books h be5 writt5 on ! m>vel\s fitness ( ! /ructure1 ! in/9cts1 & ! habits ( ! work] ( ! honeybee = its life ( active indu/ry--a life 9 :i* ! male has no %>e1 & f :i* ! female is cut (f by h] seclusion 9 ! dep?s ( ! hive1 & by h] devotion to h] own peculi> duties4 ,:ile ! que5 & ! drones are well fitt$ = _! own p>ts 9 ! social organization ( ! hive1 ^! duties are q simple1 & v diff]5t f ! duties ( ! work]s2 & z ^! latt] d n normally h desc5dants1 & z !y nev] "u any circum/ances h female desc5dants1 all ! work]s are ! desc5dants ( que5s & n ( work]s4 ,_! wond]ful & admirable fitness = _! own mo/ necess>y "p 9 ! economy ( ! hive mu/1 !re=e1 be inh]it$ f p>5ts :o h nev] be5 expos$ to ^? conditions to :i* ! work]s are adapt$2 & ?is adaptation c n be due to ! inh]itance ( ! effect ( ^! conditions1 nor c we believe t !y are inh]it$ f "s remote "t1 :5 ! work]s 7 p]fect females or :5 ! que5s 7 also work]s2 = ! /]ile work]s ( alli$ species diff] among !mselves1 ?us prov+ t !y h und]gone modification s9ce !y became /]ile4 ,"h we h a mo/ complicat$ & p]fect adju/m5t ( m>vel\s efficacy to ext]nal conditions :i* are ( su* a "* z to prove t ! inh]itance ( ! effect ( ^! conditions has _h no "p 9 ! production ( ! adaptation4 ,8 views ( bird migration1 bas$ on ! matt] ( ovulation & n on food supply1 are extremely int]e/+4 ,he says3 ,z _! eggs are v l>ge & heavy1 a high bir? rate is incompatible ) flight1 & ! pres]vation ( ea* species imp]atively dem&s t e egg %all be c>$ = ) increas+ solicitude2 = :ile 9 o!r animals increas$ dang] to eggs or "y may be met & comp5sat$ by an increase 9 ! bir? rate1 ! bir? rate ( birds c n be mu* increas$ )\t a correspond+ re/riction ( ! p[] ( flight4 ,e "o kn[s h[ quickly birds may be ext]m9at$ by ! de/ruction ( _! eggs or "y1 & ! l[ bir? rate ( all birds ( p[]ful flight is a suffici5t reason = migration1 = at ! same "t t _! fitness = flight limits ! bir? rate1 x p]mits !m to seek ne/+ places beyond ! rea* ( _! enemies4 ,8 critical e/imate ( ,huxley is t]sely pres5t$4 ,he says3 ,8 evolution is n a sy/em ( philosophy1 b "p ( ! sy/em ( sci5ce4 ,x deals ) hi/ory--) ! ph5om5al _w--& n ) ! "q :at may or may n lie beh9d x4 ,! cultivation ( natural sci5ce 9 ?is hi/orical field & ! discov]y t ! pres5t ord] ( liv+ ?+s1 includ+ consci\s1 ?9k+1 e?ical man1 has foll[$ aft] an old] & simpl] /ate ( ,nature1 is n 'philosophy' b sci5ce4 ,x involves no m belief 9 ! tea*+s ( any sy/em ( philosophy ?an does ! k t we are ! *ildr5 ( our p>5ts & ! p>5ts ( our *ildr52 b x is :at ,huxley means by 'evolution4' ,dr4 ,brooks cr$its ,galton ) employ+ simple t]ms to express new & ab/ruse tru?s1 & we tru/ ^? :o are cont9ually wre/l+ ) ! dead languages to pick out new & di/ract+ words to express _! conceptions w pr(it by ,galton's me?od4 ,! lecture on ,natural ,selection & ! antiquity ( life is replete ) orig9al & pregnant sugge/ions bas$ ^u ! results ( 8 own pr(\nd inve/igations on pelagic life4 ,"h aga9 only ample quotations f 8 pages w\ld convey an adequate idea ( _! value & importance4 ,9 8 *apt] on ,l\is ,agassiz & ,george ,b]keley he gives ?is j tribute to ,agassiz3 ,! writ] 0 a man ( transc5d5t g5ius = sci5tific discov]y1 ) int5se e>ne/ness & en?usiasm = ! pursuit ( tru?1 & r>e eloqu5ce & lit]>y skill4 ,if any man 0 devot$ to ! cause ( tru? & det]m9$ to accept x1 :atev] x might prove to be1 t man 0 ,agassiz2 = :ile 8 impulses 7 notably dev\t & rev]5tial1 he prov$1 on _m occasions1 t he 0 fe>less & indep5d5t 9 ! se>* = tru?4 ,x is no disp>agem5t to ,buckl& & ,bell & ,*alm]s & ! o!r au?ors ( ! ,bridgewat] ,treatises to ass]t t ,agassiz f> surpass$ !m all 9 acqua9tance ) ! me?ods :i* lead to success 9 ! int]pretation ( ,nature1 & 9 ability to treat ! problems ( natural !ology f ! /&po9t ( ! zologi/4 ,he d$icates 8 book to ,bi%op ,b]keley1 & ?r\gh\t ! lectures 8 ref]5ces indicate a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! writ+s ( ?is em95t s*ol>4 ,paley's old wat* comes 9 = r5ew$ consid]ation1 & "o wond]s if ! ma9spr+ ( ?is device w ev] be brok54 ,8 apt ref]5ces to classical au?ors indicate wide & judici\s read+4 ,! book is ov]burd5$ ) ?\ght & cle>1 concise reason+1 & 8 f9al advice %\ld be foll[$ :5 he urges 8 read]s to d d\ble duty by read+ ! book aga94 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! ,april numb] 7#ahih7 ( ?is magaz9e we _h occasion to review ! fir/ two volumes ( ?is "w4,w ,a p]usal ( ! ?ird volume does n p]mit u to modify ! expressions & criticisms !re made4 ,we !n said ! "w is a compact /oreh\se ( facts1 a v]itable e?nological museum1 & ?is feature alone r5d]s ! book indisp5sable to ,am]ican /ud5ts4 ,! au?or %[s no evid5ce ( ev] hav+ se5 ! magnific5t s]ies ( volumes issu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bureau ( ,e?nology4 ,! au?or 9 sev]al in/ances conf\nds ,japan & ,*9a4 ,8 treatm5t ( ! ,african races is by f> ! mo/ exhau/ive4 ,^! extracts w apply mo/ p>ticul>ly to ! pres5t volume4 ,! negro races ( ! int]ior ( ,africa & ^? ( ,we/ ,africa1 z well z ! cultur$ races ( t cont95t1 are exhau/ively treat$4 ,9 t portion treat+ ( ! hi/ory ( ! civilization ( ea/]n ,asia ! ,japanese & ,*9ese are consid]$ toge!r & _m mi/akes 9 g5]alization foll[ z a result ( ?is conf\nd+4 ,long be=e we get to ?is portion ( ! "w an illu/ration is giv5 ( ,japanese agricultural in/rum5ts1 9 :i* only "o pl[ ( ! _m types 9 ,japan is pres5t$1 & ?is is evid5tly tak5 f a model4 ,n only has he conf\nd$ ! ,japanese ) ! ,*9ese1 b ! s\!rn ,malays are br\ght 9 :5 he speaks ( ! ,malay & ,japanese love ( ! cockfight--a practice :i* is unkn[n 9 ,japan4 ,he ref]s to ! ,japanese latr9e z be+ built ov] runn+ wat]1 :]eas ! record ( ?is cu/om is f\nd only 9 an anci5t ,japanese classic ( ! sev5? c5tury4 ,he is 9 error 9 /at+ t ! /age is ess5tially ! same 9 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,8 description ( ! music ( ,japan applies to ,*9a only4 ,! /atem5ts t pe>ls play a l>ge "p 9 ! ornam5ts ( ! ,japanese1 t ! firepro( build+s are ( /one1 t ! ,japanese tobacco is moi/5$ ) opium1 t ! ,japanese /reet dress is full ( color1 are all errone\s4 ,8 description ( ! sa% worn by m5 is ! description ( ! woman's sa%4 ,he says ! ,japanese curr5cy be=e ! *ange to doll>s & c5ts 0 l t ( ! ,*9ese4 ,_h he consult$ ,sn[d5's description ( anci5t & mod]n co9s1 etc41 he w\ld h f\nd ?is correct /atem5t 9 reg>d to ,japanese co9s3 ,9 _! %ape1 composition1 & relation to ea* o!r !y pres5t "s /rik+ features :i* set !m ap>t f e o!r sy/em ( co9age 9 ! _w4 ,footnote ,w3 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,mank9d4 ,by ,pr(4 ,fri$ri* ,ratzal4 ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,vol4 ,,iii1 pp4 #eii4 ,! illu/rations are badly di/ribut$4 ,?r\gh pages ( description ( ! ,japanese & ,koreans1 9 :i* little is said ab\t ! ,koreans1 are scatt]$ illu/rations ( ! inhabitants ( ,yeso--! ,a9u4 ,! illu/ration ( ,japanese table furniture depicts only ut5sils = smok+ & w9e-dr9k+1 & "s ( ^! are errone\sly label$1 z are ^? ( c]ta9 ,*9ese ut5sils4 ,we tru/ t ! ,asiatic portion ( ?is valuable "w w be writt5 ov] aga91 & 9 do+ x ! au?or w realize t he is deal+ ) f\r or five hundr$ million p widely sep>at$ 9 language1 modes ( writ+1 cu/oms1 & mann]s2 t he w consid] ! ,a9u1 ,korean1 ,japanese1 ,*9ese1 ,?ibetan1 & ,indo-,*9ese ) ! same ?or\ghness t he has giv5 to ! sep>ate gr\ps ( ! ,african cont95t2 t he w draw 8 in=mation f mod]n s\rces & collections prop]ly label$ & up to date4 ,ev5 ) ! defects po9t$ out ! "w w prove ( great value to ! ,am]ican /ud5t1 z x br+s be=e him ! ri*ness ( ! e?nological museums ( ,europe4 ,,g5]al ,,notices4 ,! ,developm5t ( ,engli% ,?\ght,x is an attempt to pres5t a !ory ( hi/ory ?r\gh concrete illu/rations4 ,! book does n deal ) ! facts ( hi/ory--a k ( ^! is assum$--x ?r[s into relief c]ta9 sali5t features ( ea* epo* :i* 7 in/rum5tal 9 =w>d+ ! social consci\sness4 ,x may1 inde$1 be call$ a philosophy ( economics4 ,x has a !ory to prop\nd3 ,survival is det]m9$ & progress creat$ by a /ruggle = ! goods = :i* m5 /rive1 or ! means by :i* !y may av]t evil4 ,^! goods *ange1 toge!r ) ! environm5t dep5d5t on !m4 ,h5ce arise new activities2 ! race is modifi$1 new modes ( ?\ght come =w>d1 & f9ally ! *>act]i/ics ( ! civilization are recon/ruct$4 ,^! *anges are subject to a def9ite law ( evolution1 repeat$ 9 ea* new environm5t4 ,engl& has be5 *os5 = ?is economic int]pretation ( hi/ory2 because ( its insul> position1 its developm5t has be5 m normal & indig5\s1 less subject to =eign influ5ces s9ce ! ,re=mation1 ?an any cont95tal c\ntry4 ,an explanation ( ! psy*ological !ory und]ly+ ! book s]ves z g5]al introduction4 ,! antec$5ts ( ,engli% ?\ght are f\nd among ! e>ly ,g]mans1 & ! ,e>ly ,*ur*4 ,! fifte5? c5tury1 ) its inv5tions & discov]ies1 revolutioniz$ m5's ways ( liv+ & ?9k+4 ,!n ! ,calv9i/s & ,puritans impos$ _! /&>ds ( good & evil4 ,^! are foll[$ by ! great ,engli% ?9k]s3 ,locke1 :o m>ks ! beg9n+ ( ,deism 9 ,engl&2 ,m&eville1 ,hume1 & ,smi?1 develop+ ! economic side2 ,:itefield & ,wesley lead+ ! religi\s revival4 ,lat] on1 ,mal?us1 ,ric>do1 & ,mill =mulat$ ! ,economic ,philosophy1 :]eas ,d>w91 ! fir/ ( ! biologi/s1 impos$ biologic habits ( ?\ght on economic inquiry4 ,! conclud+ *apt]1 :ile cauti\s 9 ! discussion ( curr5t problems1 attempts1 assi/$ by ! lessons ( ! pa/1 to indicate ! probable future movem5t ( ?\ght1 spr++ out ( pres5t economic conditions4 ,footnote ,x3 ,! ,developm5t ( ,engli% ,?\ght4 ,a ,/udy 9 ! ,economic ,int]pretation ( ,hi/ory4 ,by ,simon ,n4 ,patt51 ,ph4 ,d4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,macmillan ,company4 #ahii4 #c4 ,mr4 ,wilbur ,s4 ,jackman has s\ght 9 prep>+ 8 manual ( ,nature ,/udy = ,gramm> ,grades1,y to propose a few ( su* problems aris+ 9 a ?\ghtful /udy ( ,nature z are )9 ! compreh5sion ( gramm>-s*ool pupils1 & to (f] sugge/ions design$ to lead to _! solution4 ,directions may p]haps be giv5 by ! tea*]--t is1 by "s tea*]s1 b v few--b ev5 if he kn[s h[1 x is h>dly possible = him to make !m z sy/ematic to s l>ge an ext5t z w\ld be requir$ by a s*ool ( inquir+ pupils2 & su* a plan z ! au?or (f]s may be accept$ z a valuable help4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! fir/ lesson on ! mutual relations ( plants & insects--z to plants4 ,! /ud5t is told :at equipm5t to take1 :at places to visit2 is rem9d$ ( sev5 k9ds ( evid5ce 9 ! %ape ( galls1 /+s1 eat5 leaves1 etc41 to be consid]$2 & is giv5 a li/ ( qu]ies to be recollect$ 9 /udy+ ! ph5om5a1 9 _! g5]al aspect1 z to ! b5efit or injury receiv$ by ! plant f insects1 ! attractions x (f]s1 & ! def5ses x possesses1 ) numb] "w relat+ to ! ext5t ( ! depr$ations1 & me?ods ( repres5t+ ! results ( ! /udy 9 picture4 ,! book conta9s =ty-five su* lessons on diff]5t aspects ( ,nature4 ,footnote ,y3 ,nature ,/udy = ,gramm> ,grades4 ,a ,manual = ! ,guidance ( ,pupils bel[ ! ,high ,s*ool 9 ! ,/udy ( ,nature4 ,by ,wilbur ,s4 ,jackman4 ,danville1 ,ill43 ,! ,ill9ois ,pr9t+ ,company4 ,pp4 #djg4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( 8 book on ,f]tiliz]s,z x has be5 ! aim ( ,mr4 ,voorhees to po9t out ! und]ly+ pr9ciples & to discuss1 9 ! light ( our pres5t k ( ! subject1 "s ( ! important problems connect$ ) ! use ( f]tiliz+ mat]ials4 ,:ile ! au?or recognizes ! lack ( def9ite k on _m vital po9ts1 he consid]s x desirable1 :5 ! inve/igations ( ! exp]im5t /ations are becom+ s important & !y are s well prep>$ to /udy ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( plant nutrition1 = ! practical man to h a cle> und]/&+ ( :at is n[ kn[n4 ,! book treats ( ! natural f]tility ( ! soil & ! s\rces ( ! loss ( ! elem5ts ( f]tility1 ! functions ( manure & f]tiliz]s & ! ne$ ( artificial ones1 ! diff]5t classes ( f]tiliz]s1 ! *emical analysis ( !m1 & ! me?ods ( us+ !m ) _! special application to v>i\s crops4 ,footnote ,z3 ,f]tiliz]s4 ,! ,s\rce1 ,"*1 & ,composition ( ,natural1 ,home-made1 & ,manufactur$ ,f]tiliz]s2 & ,sugge/ions z to _! ,use = ,diff]5t ,crops & ,conditions4 ,by ,edw>d ,b4 ,voorhees4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,pp4 #cce4 ,price1 #a4 ,we h receiv$1 ) only a %ort int]val betwe5 !m1 ! fir/ volume ( a ?ird edition & ! f\r? or la/ volume ( ! second edition ( ,alfr$ ,h4 ,all5's ,comm]cial ,organic ,analysis4,,aa ,! =m] volume is fir/ to rea* u4 ,x is a high te/imony to ! value ( ! "w 9 itself t ! publication ( a rival issue ( ! edition ( #ahhe _h be5 begun by ano!r h\se1 al?\gh its age1 z sugge/$ by ! date1 w\ld indicate t x _h mu* ne$ ( revision4 ,dur+ ! ?irte5 ye>s s9ce ! publication ( ?is edition lat] rese>* has ?r[n new light on _m features ( ! sci5ce & processes1 & has correct$ _m ( ! old conceptions1 & ! au?or's views on "s po9ts h *ang$ 9 ! light ( ! m rec5t results1 s t ! prep>ation ( a new edition _h become necess>y4 ,mr4 ,all5 has f\nd x n[ impossible = him to und]take ! cont9u\s labor :i* w\ld be impos$ by su* a task1 & ! "w ( revision has be5 und]tak5 by ,h5ry ,leffmann1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,= ?is new edition ,mr4 ,all5 has furni%$ mat]ial on ! subjects ( ! ,kjeldahl process1 proteids ( :eat fl\r1 v9eg>1 brew+ sug>s1 malt sub/itutes1 hop sub/itutes1 & second>y con/itu5ts 9 spirits4 ,in=mation has be5 add$ by ! ,am]ican revis]1 p>tly f sugge/ions by ,mr4 ,all5 on ! subjects ( specific gravity1 =maldehyde1 v9eg>1 me?yl1 alcohol1 acetone1 fusel oil1 argol1 />*1 glucose1 inv]t sug>1 lactose1 & w9e1 & brief notes on o!r topics4 ,processes ( ! ,am]ican ,association ( ,(ficial ,agricultural ,*emi/s h be5 repr9t$4 ,! revision ( ,vol4 ,,ii is well 9 h&1 & w be mu* m ext5sive ?an t ( ,vol ,i4 ,footnote ,,aa3 ,comm]cial ,organic ,analysis4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,prop]ties1 ,proximate ,analytical ,exam9ation1 & ,mode ( ,assay+ ! ,v>i\s ,organic ,*emicals & ,products employ$ 9 ! ,arts1 ,manufactures1 & ,m$ic9e4 ,by ,alfr$ ,h4 ,all54 ,?ird edition4 ,illu/rat$4 ,) ,revisions & ,app5dix by ! au?or & ,h5ry ,leffmann4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,introduction4 ,alcohols1 ,neutral ,alcoholic ,d]ivatives1 ,sug>s1 ,/>* & its ,isom]s1 ,vegetable ,acids1 etc4 ,philadelphia3 ,p4 ,blaki/on1 ,sons ,co4 ,pp4 #eeg4 ,price1 #d4ej4 ,! same "w4 ,second edition4 ,revis$ & enl>g$4 ,proteids & ,album9\s ,pr9ciples1 ,proteids or ,album9oids4 ,same publi%]s4 ,pp4 #ehd4 ,price1 #d4ej4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! revision ( ! second edition has ext5d$ ov] f\rte5 ye>s1 & is only j complet$ ) ! f\r? volume1 :i* appe>s a few weeks lat] ?an ! volume notic$ above4 ,! e>li] volumes h be5 long out ( pr9t1 & are de/9$1 ( c\rse1 to be supplant$ by ^? ( ! new revision4 ,! pres5t f\r? volume1 be+ new] & ( ! pres5t date1 w s]ve z ! late/ till ! la/ volume ( ! new revision is rea*$2 &1 besides1 ! au?or hopes to publi% an app5dix to ea* volume1 conta9+ ! m important ( ! lat] results4 ,! mean+ ( ! t]m ,comm]cial ,analysis has be5 some:at ext5d$1 & matt] has be5 includ$ t 9 close/ /rictness does n belong "u x1 x be+ ?\ght bett]1 ! au?or says1 to include all facts possess+ an analytical or practical int]e/ to him1 9 ! belief t :at he f9ds useful himself w be ( value to o!rs4 ,9 ,! ,porto ,rico ( ,to-day,,ab a travel]'s view ( t int]e/+ isl& & its p is pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,g4 ,rob9son1 :o w5t !re & rema9$ dur+ ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & ,octob]1 #ahih1 z correspond5t ( ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,:ile ! book c n be reg>d$1 z x does n pr(ess & is n int5d$ to be1 z a s\rce ( geographical or /ati/ical in=mation1 x admirably fulfills ! design ( ! au?or to pres5t a picture ( ! p & ( ! c\ntry z he saw !m2 & x is a v liv+ picture too4 ,he look$ ) a %>p eye1 & has record$ :at he saw 9 graphic /yle4 ,9 ! au?or's /ory ( 8 e>ly days ( ! isl& we are made acqua9t$ ) ! v>i\s names x has _h1 ( :i* ,porto ,rico1 or ,pu]to ,rico1 is only ! late/4 ,! olde/ ( ! ,european names appe>s to h be5 ,buriquin1 9 "s "o ( ! doz5 or m spell+s x has _h1 "o ( !m be+ ,bo4 ,x has also be5 call$ ,la ,isla de ,c>ib1 ,san ,juan ,bauti/a1 etc4 ,aft] ! acc\nt ( ! au?or's fir/ g5]al impressions & exp]i5ces he describes ! city ( ,ponce1 8 visit to a c(fee di/rict1 a numb] ( typical t[ns & villages1 ! j\rney f ,ponce to ,san ,juan1 ! highways1 railways--( :i* !re are "o hundr$ & =ty-?ree miles 9 op]ation & "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five miles "u con/ruction--& a fairly effective telegraph sy/em1 views ( ! indu/rial possibilities & comm]ce ( ! isl&1 ) "s exp]i5ces ( milit>y campaign+4 ,footnote ,,ab3 ,! ,porto ,rico ( ,to-day4 ,p5 ,pictures ( ! ,p & ! ,c\ntry4 ,by ,alb]t ,g>dn] ,rob9son4 ,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons4 ,pp4 #bdj1 ) maps4 ,price1 #a4ej4 ,! publication ( ! revision :i* ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] is mak+ ( 8 ,syn!tic ,philosophy 9 ord] to incorporate 9 x z f> z may be ! results ( m rec5t advances beg9s ) ! fir/ volume ( ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,biology4,,ac ,! advance dur+ ! la/ g5]ation1 ,mr4 ,sp5c] ?9ks1 has be5 m rapid 9 ! direction ( ?is sci5ce ?an any o!r1 & ?\gh ! hope ( br++ a "w on biology at l>ge up to date c\ld n be rationally ent]ta9$ at ! au?or's age & "u ! exi/+ conditions ( 8 physical /r5g?1 a simil> s]vice to a "w on ! pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce did n seem impossible4 ,num]\s additions h be5 ne$ful4 ,:at 0 orig9ally said ab\t vital *anges ( matt] is supplem5t$ by a *apt] on ,metabolism4 ,a *apt] is add$ on ,! ,dynamic ,elem5t 9 ,life4 ,! ins]tion ( "s pages on ,/ructure fills a gap 9 prec$+ editions4 ,! revelations ( ! microscope on cell life & multiplication are set =?4 ,a supplem5t>y *apt] on ,g5esis1 ,h]$ity1 & ,v>iation gives ! results ( fur!r evid5ce & fur!r ?\ght 9 t l9e1 qualify+ & develop+ c]ta9 views enunciat$ 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,v>i\s mod]n ideas are consid]$ "u ! title ,rec5t ,criticisms & ,hypo!ses4 ,! *apt] on ,! ,argum5ts f ,embryology has be5 l>gely rewritt54 ,small] additions appe> 9 ! =m ( new sections incorporat$ 9 pre-exi/+ *apt]s4 ,! assi/ance ne$$ 9 ! "w ( revision has be5 giv5 by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,p]k9 9 ,organic ,*emi/ry & its d]iv$ subjects2 ,pr(4 ,a4 ,g4 ,tansley 9 ,plant ,morphology & ,physiology2 ,pr(4 ,e4 ,w4 ,mac,bride & ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,cunn+ham 9 ,animal ,morphology2 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,h>dy 9 ,animal ,physiology4 ,9 all sections n m>k$ z new ! au?or desires x to be und]/ood t ! ess5tial ideas set =? are ! same z !y 7 9 ! orig9al edition ( #ahfd4 ,footnote ,,ac3 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,biology4 ,by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,revis$ & enl>g$ edition4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton & ,company4 ,pp4 #gjf4 ,price1 #b4 ,pr(4 ,silas ,w4 ,holman attempts ! pres5tation1 9 ,matt]1 ,en]gy1 ,=ce1 & ,"w1,,ad ( "s ( ! fundam5tal ideas & def9itions ( physics 9 a pla9 & logical mann]4 ,8 purpose is n to set =? ! exp]im5tal side ( ! subject or to describe ph5om5a or laws4 ,he r assumes a slight k ( ^!1 & proce$s to develop ! concept & def9itions4 ,! au?or reg>ds a cle>] ?9k+ on ^! subjects z ( special importance to eng9e]s & memb]s ( ! o!r te*nical pr(essions1 because correct views ^u !m h become ess5tial 9 ^? pr(essions ?r\gh ! progress ( ! applications ( sci5ce to ! indu/rial arts4 ,^! applications are likewise ( consid]able int]e/ to ! unte*nical memb]s ( ! community4 ,pr(essor ,holman has compos$ 8 book ) ! pr9ciple ( pres5t+ ! subject ( physics 9 logical sequ5ce1 & has divid$ x into two p>ts1 ! fir/ ( :i* conta9s ! matt] imm$iately prop] to ! subject1 ) discussions ( sub/ance or matt]1 motion2 en]gy & its =ms2 =ce2 k9etic en]gy1 =ce-measurem5ts1 "w1 pot5tial en]gy1 & matt] aga91 z di/+ui%$ f sub/ance4 ,! second "p comprises summ>ies ( ! *ief !ories ( ! nature ( matt]1 =ce1 & en]gy1 includ+ ! k9etic !ory ( gases1 ,le ,sage's !ory ( gravitation1 ! vortex-atom !ory1 & a discussion ( ! nature ( en]gy & matt]1 ) obs]vations on *emical en]gy & ! e!r4 ,footnote ,,ad3 ,matt]1 ,en]gy1 ,=ce1 & ,"w4 ,a ,pla9 ,pres5tation ( ,fundam5tal ,physical ,concepts1 & ( ! ,vortex-,atom & o!r ,!ories4 ,by ,silas ,w4 ,holman4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,pp4 #beg4 ,price1 #b4ej4 ,! ,%ort ,c\rse 9 ,music1 prep>$ = use 9 s*ools :]e a complete c\rse is n ?\ght necess>y1 by ,f4 ,h4 ,ripley & ,?omas ,tapp51 is embrac$ 9 two books1 ( :i* we notice ! second 7,am]ican ,book ,company74 ,famili> songs are made ! basis ( in/ruction1 "s ( ^? :i* appe> z melodies 9 ,book ,"o be+ repeat$ "h 9 full score4 ,all o!r mat]ial has be5 prep>$ especially = ?is book4 ,! music & directions are adapt$ equally = un*ang$ & *ang$ voices4 ,voice tra9+ & ! elem5ts ( phras+ & expression are furni%$ 9 a gr\p ( solfeggios at ! close ( ! book4 ,!ory is giv5 9 cond5s$ =m1 b "o t1 x is claim$1 embraces all ! ess5tial elem5ts ( vocal music4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,m>r has prep>$ 8 exposition ( ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,/ratigraphical ,geology 7,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press2 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #a4fj71 "u ! belief t an idea ( ! subject c be obta9$ mo/ satisfactorily if a l>ge numb] ( ! details connect$ ) ! /udy ( ! /ratifi$ rocks are omitt$4 ,he has accord+ly giv5 v brief acc\nts ( ! /rata ( ! diff]5t sy/ems1 pay+ m att5tion to ! be>+s ( ! facts ?an to _! enum]ation4 ,! hi/ory ( ! e>? is pres5t$ z a connect$ "o1 9 :i* "o p]iod is l9k$ on to ! next1 e ev5t t occurs introduc+ a new complication into ! conditions1 :i* are consequ5tly nev] q ! same--! *anges %[+ an advance f ! simple to ! m complex4 ,! /udy proves t an enorm\s p]iod elaps$ subsequ5t to ! =mation ( ! e>? & previ\s to ! deposition ( ! /ratifi$ rocks1 ( :i* we h only ! slighte/1 if any1 k4 ,! /ratigraphical geologi/ has to e/abli% ! ord] ( succession ( ! /rata = ! *ronology1 & to asc]ta9 z f> z he c ! conditions exi/+ dur+ ! deposition ( ! sev]al /rata or gr\ps ( /rata4 ,aft] an acc\nt ( ! gr[? & progress ( /ratigraphical geology1 ! nature ( ! /ratifi$ rocks & ! law ( sup]position are discuss$2 ! te/ ( includ$ organisms & ! me?ods ( classification are expla9$1 ! evid5ces ( conditions "u :i* /rata 7 =m$1 & o!r !oretical po9ts are consid]$1 & ! sev]al geological sy/ems or p]iods are enum]at$ "u ! ,engli% nom5clature4 ,f9ally1 ! v>i\s e/imates ( geological "t & ! bases on :i* !y are made are review$4 ,! ,am]ican ,book ,company publi%es z a "p ( ! ,eclectic ,sy/em ( ,indu/rial ,draw+ an excell5t manual ( ! ,elem5ts ( ,p]spective1 by ,*ri/9e ,gordon ,sullivan1 ( ! ,c9c9nati public s*ools4 ,x consi/s ( explicit directions & rules on ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! art1 ) applications 9 ,isometric ,projection & ,oblique ,p]spective1 giv5 9 concise =m & simple1 cle> language1 amply illu/rat$1 & supplem5t$ by problems1 9 solv+ :i* ! rules are made practical4 ,a conv5i5t manual on ,gas & ,petroleum ,eng9es has be5 prep>$ by ,a4 ,g4 ,elliott f ! ,fr5* ( ,h5ry de ,graffigny = ,:ittak]'s ,electro-,me*anical ,s]ies1 9 recognition ( ! int]e/ t has be5 awak5$ 9 ! application ( su* eng9es to supply ! place n[ occupi$ by horses 9 draw+ vehicles4 ,"o *apt] deals exclusively ) ! !ory ( ! gas eng9es4 ,o!r topics treat$ ( are ! hi/ory ( ! gas eng9e1 ! description ( exi/+ gas eng9es1 c>buret$ air eng9es1 petroleum eng9es1 gas-g5]at+ plants1 eng9es = use ) poor gases1 & ! ma9t5ance ( gas & oil eng9es4 7,! ,macmillan ,company1 #ge c5ts47 ,laboratory ,ex]cises 9 ,anatomy & ,physiology 7,new ,york3 ,h5ry ,holt ,co41 #fj c5ts7 h be5 prep>$ by ,james ,edw>d ,peabody = practical application4 ,! precept is emphasiz$ t ! pupil %\ld be l$ to see t mo/ ( ! mat]ials requir$ = obs]vation & exp]im5t are furni%$ by ! organs & tissues ( 8 own body4 ,directions :i* h be5 f\nd 9 ! au?or's exp]i5ce necess>y to guide ! pupil 9 8 obs]vations & exp]im5ts are giv5 at ! beg9n+ ( ea* topic4 ,! que/ions foll[+ !m contemplate ! /ud5t's seek+ ! facts f ! mat]ial itself1 & he is expect$ to be tra9$ to di/+ui% obs]v$ results f ! inf]5ces t may be drawn f !m4 ,"s home /udy is contemplat$1 ! results to be aft]w>d report$ 9 class4 ,! book consi/s almo/ entirely ( directions = exp]im5ts1 & is int]l9$ ) blank %eets = record+ obs]vations4 ,geographical ,nature ,/udies 7,am]ican ,book ,company7 is int5d$ by ! au?or1 ,frank ,ow5 ,payne1 to assi/ ! tea*]1 & by po9t+ out ! relations1 (t5 unrecogniz$1 betwe5 famili> ph5om5a & home geography to guide ! /udy ( ! class to def9ite & practical ends4 ,! lessons are int5d$ to fit ! compreh5sion ( ! y\nge/ pupils1 to promote ! cultivation ( habits ( accurate obs]vation1 & to /imulate a desire = m k & broad] views ( ! _w4 ,!y lead directly up to ! po9t :]e ! m =mal /udy ( geography f a text-book beg9s4 ,! lessons may be us$ z read+ ex]cises & = topical recitations1 & ex]cises are introduc$ :i* may assi/ ! cultivation ( ! p[] ( correct v]bal expression 9 ! /atem5t ( facts4 ,! ex]cises conc]n wea!r1 animals1 physical ph5om5a1 & objects ab\t u1 & are v v>i\s4 ,impressions ( ,m$us h be5 obs]v$ on ! ,jurassic li?ographic lime/ones ( ,sol5h(51 & "s problematic fossils on ! ,l[] ,cambrian rocks ( ,sw$5 h be5 reg>d$ z d]iv$ f ,m$us4 ,c]ta9 nodules1 be>+ :at look$ l flatt5$-out />fi%es--/>-cobbles !y 7 call$--h be5 f\nd among ! fossils ( ! ,coosa ,valley1 ,alabama4 ,director ,*>les ,d4 ,walcott1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 conclud$ t ^! also repres5t$ ,m$us1 & began an inve/igation ( !m :i* involv$ a comp>ison ) ! ,sw$i% & ,bav>ian specim5s1 & 0 at la/ enl>g$ s z to embrace all fossil ,m$us4 ,8 "w is n[ publi%$ z a sep>ate memoir1 ,fossil ,m$us1 z "o ( ! ,monographs ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey 7,vol4 ,,xxx74 ,! ,middle ,cambrian ,m$us are fir/ describ$1 & !n1 9 ord]1 ! ,l[] ,cambrian ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ,sw$5 & ,bohemia & ! ,jurassic ( ,bav>ia4 ,! text is illu/rat$ by =ty-sev5 excell5t plates4 ,a new edition1 revis$ & ) additions1 ( ! ,me*anics & ,heat ( ,edw>d ,l4 ,ni*ols & ,w4 ,s4 ,francis is publi%$ by ! ,macmillan ,company 7#a4ej74 ,! book is ! fir/ volume ( ! ,elem5ts ( ,physics ( ! au?ors1 :i* is complete 9 ?ree volumes4 ,we f9d 9 x no explanation ( ! nature & ext5t ( ! revisions & additions4 ,! publication ( su* a book z ,cat]+ = ,two--,com=t & ,economy = small ,h\seholds 7,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 #a4be7--;has be5 sugge/$ to ,alice ,l4 ,james by ! difficulty ( r$uc+ ! av]age rules ( ! cook-book to meet ! wants ( a family ( two or ?ree4 ,! "w embodies ! results ( sixte5 ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 labor & /udy1 & ! au?or hopes t ) x ! way may be made easi] = o!rs ^: bills ( f>e may be made = two4 ,! directions are claim$ to be ?r\gh\t exact & reliable1 & ! di%es to be n\ri%+1 appetiz+1 & inexp5sive4 ,! au?or's plan is to take a bill ( f>e ) a com=table v>iety ( di%es1 & direct explicitly h[ ea* is to be prep>$4 ,! manual on ,te/+ ,milk & its ,products1 prep>$ = dairy /ud5ts1 cream]y & *eese factory op]ators1 food *emi/s1 & dairy f>m]s1 by ,e4 ,h4 ,f>r+ton & ,f4 ,w4 ,noll1 has rea*$ a f\r? edition1 ! fir/ ?ree editions hav+ be5 exhau/$ 9 ab\t a ye>4 ,! pres5t edition has be5 ?or\ghly revis$1 & su* additions h be5 made to x z h be5 necess>y to br+ x up to date4 ,x has be5 adopt$ z a text-book or ref]5ce-book 9 ! dairy s*ools ( twelve ,/ates ( ! ,union & 9 a numb] ( s*ools 9 ,canada4 7,publi%$ by ! ,m5dota ,book ,company1 ,madison1 ,wis4 #a47 ,! ,silv] ,cross1 or ! ,c>p5t] ( ,naz>e? 7,int]national ,publi%+ ,company1 ,new ,york71 is a %ort /ory select$ & translat$ f ,! ,my/]ies ( ! ,p ( ,eugne ,sue1 & publi%$ = ! sake ( ! illu/rations x is suppos$ to af=d ( ! tyranny ( ! rul+ class & ! oppression ( ! work+ p & ! poor & _! suff]+ !reby :i* prevail$ 9 ! gr& days ( ! ,roman ,empire1 z well z always be=e1 & is assum$ to h cont9u$ d[n to ! pres5t4 ,x is ! /ory ( ! life & suff]+s ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 told 9 ! ?rill+ /yle ( ! great ,fr5* noveli/4 ,,publications ,,receiv$4 ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ations4 ,bullet9s & ,reports4 ,delaw>e ,college2 ,no4 #dd4 ,sorghum 9 #ahih4 ,by ,*>les ,l4 ,p5ny4 ,pp4 #af4--,mi*igan ,/ate ,agricultural ,college4 ,special1 ,no4 #aa4 ,froz5 ,trees & _! ,treatm5t4 ,pp4 #d2 ,nos4 #aff & #afg4 ,dairy ,matt]s4 ,by ,c4 ,d4 ,smi? & ,g4 ,h4 ,true4 ,pp4 #cj2 ,no4 #afh4 ,mi*igan ,fruit ,li/4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,taft4 ,pp4 #af2 ,mi*igan ,bullet9 ( ,vital ,/ati/ics1 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 #ahii4 ,pp4 #bj ea*4--,new ,hamp%ire ,college3 ,no4 #eh4 ,! ,co/ ( rais+ ,calves4 ,by ,fr$ ,w4 ,morse4 ,pp4 #ab2 ,no4 #ei4 ,t5? ,annual ,report4 ,by ,*>les ,s4 ,murkl&4 ,pp4 #ef2 ,no4 #fj4 ,gre5 ,corn "u ,glass4 ,by ,f4 ,william ,rane4 ,pp4 #fj2 ,no4 #fa4 ,! ,inspection ( ,f]tiliz]s 9 #ahih4 ,pp4 #ab2 ,no4 #fb4 ,=c+ ,pole ,beans "u ,glass4 ,by ,f4 ,william ,rane4 ,pp4 #h4--,new ,j]sey3 ,report ( ! ,botanical ,dep>tm5t = #ahih4 ,by ,byron ,d4 ,hal/$4 ,pp4 #hd2 ,no4 #ace4 ,! ,poison\s ,plants ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,by ,byron ,d4 ,hal/$4 ,pp4 #bh4--,new ,york3 ,no4 #aej4 ,two ,small ,fruit ,pe/s4 ,by ,f4 ,h4 ,hall & ,v4 ,h4 ,l[e4 ,pp4 #e4--,ohio3 ,no4 #ii4 ,sug> ,beet ,inve/igations 9 #ahih4 ,by ,a4 ,d4 ,selby2 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,"s ,insects ,injuri\s to ,g>d5 & ,or*>d ,crops4 ,by ,f4 ,h4 ,*itt5d54 ,pp4 #ii2 ,nor? ,dakota ,wea!r & ,crop ,s]vice = ,decemb]1 #ahih4 ,by ,w4 ,l4 ,moon & ,b4 ,h4 ,bronson4 ,pp4 #h4 ,am]ican ,economic ,association4 ,! ,f$]al ,c5sus4 ,critical ,essays by ,memb]s ( ! ,association4 ,pp4 #eaf4 ,pap]4 #a4 ,am]ican ,public ,heal? ,association4 ,! ,b]tillon ,classification ( ,causes ( ,dea?4 ,lans+1 ,mi*4 ,pp4 #dj4 ,bad5o*1 ,l4 ,n4 ,true ,tales ( ! ,insects4 ,london3 ,*apman ,hall4 ,pp4 #bee4 ,b>b]1 ,edw9 ,atlee4 ,anglo-,am]ican ,pott]y4 7,old ,engli% ,*9a1 ) ,am]ican ,views47 ,indianapolis1 ,ind43 ,press ( ! ,clay-work]4 ,pp4 #agj4 #a4ej4 ,bau]1 ,l4 ,a4 ,! ,physical ,decomposition ( ! ,e>?'s ,magnetic ,field1 ,no4 #a4 ,pp4 #bj4 ,is ! ,pr9cipal ,s\rce ( ! ,secul> ,v>iation ( ! ,e>?'s ,magnetism )9 or )\t ! ,e>?'s ,cru/8 ,pp4 #f4 ,bridges & ,fram$ ,/ructures4 ,an ,illu/rat$ ,mon?ly ,magaz9e4 ,vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #a4 ,april1 #ahii4 ,*icago3 ,! ,d4 ,p4 ,rauck ,publi%+ ,company4 ,pp4 #ib4 #cj c5ts4 ,campbell1 ,w4 ,w4 ,! ,elem5ts ( ,practical ,a/ronomy4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,pp4 #bfd4 #b4 ,fair*ild1 ,h4 ,l4 ,glacial ,wat]s 9 ! ,f+]-,lake ,region ( ,new ,york4 ,pp4 #cf4 ,glacial ,lakes1 ,newb]ry1 ,w>r51 & ,dana1 9 ,c5tral ,new ,york4 ,pp4 #ad4 ,fiske1 ,john4 ,?r\gh ,nature to ,god4 ,bo/on & ,new ,york3 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co4 ,pp4 #aid4 #a4 ,gre+]1 ,s41 ,m4 ,d4 ,a ,case ( ,abnormally ,high ,temp]ature subsequ5t to ,attack ( ,t]tian ,ague4 ,pp4 #e4 ,hague1 ,arnold4 ,presid5tial ,address to ! ,geological ,society ( ,wa%+ton1 #ahih4 ,ab/racts ( ,m9utes1 etc4 ,pp4 #dh4 ,hollick1 ,ar?ur4 ,notes on ,block ,isl&4 ,pp4 #bj1 ) plates4 ,! ,relations betwe5 ,=e/ry & ,geology 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,p>ts ,i & ,,ii4 ,pp4 #bd4 ,additions to ! ,palobotany ( ! ,cretace\s ,=mation on ,/at5 ,isl&4 ,no4 ,,ii4 ,pp4 #ab1 ) plates4 ,hunt]1 ,s4 ,j4 ,alfalfa1 ,gras%opp]s1 ,bees3 ,_! ,relation%ip4 ,univ]sity ( ,kansas4 ,pp4 #aeb4 ,jackman1 ,wilbur ,s4 ,nature ,/udy = ,gramm> ,grades4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,pp4 #djg4 #a4 ,j5ks1 ,joseph9e1 ,translator4 ,fri$ri* ,froebel's ,education by ,developm5t4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton & ,company4 ,int]national ,education ,s]ies4 ,pp4 #cdg4 ,kemp1 ,james ,furman4 ,prelim9>y ,report ( ! ,geology ( ,essex ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,pp4 #bd4 ,geology ( ! ,lake ,placid ,region4 ,pp4 #bj1 ) map4 ,m>ot1 ,hel54 ,a ,h&book ( ,labor ,lit]ature4 ,philadelphia3 ,free ,libr>y ( ,economics & ,political ,sci5ce4 ,pp4 #if4 #a4 ,mason1 ,otis ,tufton4 ,aborig9al ,am]ican ,zote*ny4 ,new ,york3 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons4 ,pp4 #cg4 ,new ,engl& ,anti-,vivisection ,society ,mon?ly4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,no4 #d4 ,april1 #ahii4 ,pp4 #bj4 ,bo/on4 #aj c5ts4 #a a ye>4 ,p5nwitt1 ,w4 ,c4 ,memorial to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate conc]n+ a ,national ,univ]sity4 ,pp4 #af4 ,peck1 ,f4 ,w41 ,commission] ,g5]al4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates at ! ,p>is ,exposition 9 #aijj4 ,pp4 #aa4 ,int]nationale ,exposition ,univ]selle1 ,p>is1 #aijj4 ,regulations1 ,classification4 ,*icago4 ,pp4 #aaj4 ,roosa1 ,d4 ,b4 ,/4 ,john1 ,m4 ,d4 ,defective ,eyesight4 ,! ,pr9ciple ( its ,relief by ,glasses4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,pp4 #aic4 #a4 ,russell1 ,frank4 ,explorations 9 ! ,f> ,nor?4 ,univ]sity ( ,i[a4 ,pp4 #aij4 ,s>g5t1 ,fr$]ick ,l]oy4 ,corn ,plants4 ,_! ,uses & ,ways ( ,life4 ,bo/on & ,new ,york3 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co4 ,pp4 #ajf4 ,smi?1 ,d4 ,t41 ,m4 ,d4 ,! ,philosophy ( ,money1 & o!r ,essays4 ,l\isville1 ,ky43 ,john ,p4 ,morton ,co4 ,pp4 #bjc4 #a4be4 ,smi?1 ,edg> ,f4 7au?oriz$ translator74 ,victor von ,ri*t]'s ,organic ,*emi/ry1 or ,*emi/ry ( ! ,c>bon ,comp\nds4 ,edit$ by ,pr(4 ,r4 ,ans*tz4 ,?ird ,am]ican f ! eigh? ,g]man edition4 ,philadelphia3 ,p4 ,blaki/on ,co4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,aliphatic ,s]ies4 ,pp4 #fbe4 #c4 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution 7,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum74 ,cook1 ,o4 ,f4 ,! ,diplopod ,family ,/ri>iid4 ,pp4 #h1 ) plates4 ,african ,diplopoda ( ! ,family ,gomphodesmid4 ,pp4 #fd1 ) plates4 ,swift1 ,morrison ,i4 ,anti-,imp]ialism4 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal43 ,public ,own]%ip ,review4 ,pp4 #fd4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,fi% & ,fi%]ies4 ,report to ,june #cj1 #ahih4 ,wa%+ton4 ,pp4 #cej4 ,woodman1 ,j4 ,edmund4 ,/udies 9 ! ,gold-be>+ ,slates ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,pp4 #db1 ) #c plates4 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce4 ,! ,new ,zeal& ,exp]im5t 9 ,woman ,suffrage4--,! "r ( suffrage 0 giv5 to all ! wom5 ( ,new ,zeal& 9 #ahic )\t any conc]t$ action or aggressive demon/rations on _! "p by ! free1 almo/ unsolicit$1 vote ( ! m54 ,! g5]al election took place 9 ,novemb] ( ! same ye>1 & is describ$ 9 ! ,saturday ,review z hav+ be5 a w>m conte/1 ) sev]al que/ions on :i* public op9ion 0 %>ply divid$2 b on ! :ole1 ! wom5 took matt]s wond]fully coolly4 ,!y flock$ 9 ?\s&s to ! public meet+s1 :]e1 by common cons5t1 ! front seats 7 giv5 up to !m4 ,contr>y to expectation1 !y display$ little emotion1 & ev5 _h to be coa*$ to make a pret5se ( en?usiasm4 ,poll+ day 0 await$ ) dread by ! electione]+ ag5ts & return+ (fic]s1 ) d\bt by vet]an politicians1 & ) pleasurable excitem5t by ! wom54 ,!y all vot$1 & :at did x all lead to8 ,x left ?+s v mu* z !y 74444 ,gradually b irresi/ibly ! conviction =c$ itself ^u ! ,new ,zeal& m9d t ! wom5 kn[+ little & c>+ z little ab\t political details1 _h vot$ almo/ always ) ! m5 ( _! family & class4 ,%>+ to ! full ! prejudices1 hopes1 & int]e/s ( _! fa!rs1 bro!rs1 husb&s1 & lov]s1 !y _h *e]fully d\bl$ ! vot+ p[] ( ^!4 ,:]e1 z 9 ! case ( s*oolmi/resses & factory girls1 !y _h "s special bond ( union o!r ?an dome/ic !y _h vot$ v mu* z s*oolma/]s & male trade-unioni/s _h vot$4444 ,) "o accord coloni/s ceas$ to be afraid ( :at ! suffrage might d1 & began in/ead to compla9 ( x = n do+ m4 ,only "h & !re c>eful obs]v]s note t gr\ps ( wom5 are /udy+ politics1 & =esee t1 z ye>s g by1 ^! w supply a new & intellig5t =ce ) di/9ct & logically reason$ aims ( its own4 ,! ,metric ,sy/em 7a ,lett] to ! ,london ,times74--,,sir3 ,i see t on ,w$nesday next1 ! #bb;d in/41 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade is to receive a deputation f ! ,decimal ,associations & o!rs to urge on ! ,gov]nm5t1 n m]ely ! adoption ( ! decimal sy/em ( notation1 b ! compulsory application )9 two ye>s ( ! metric sy/em ( weights & measures 9 its entirety4 ,i h be5 hop+ to see a lett] 9 ! ,times f "s p]son ( importance call+ att5tion to ?is deputation4 ,i f]v5tly tru/$ ,i %\ld notice "o f y\r correspond5t1 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 :o1 a ye> or s back1 contribut$ a s]ies ( ?or\ghly well-?\ght-out & logical articles1 expos+ ! fallacy ( ! metric sy/em2 b if any su* lett] has appe>$ ,i h1 un=tunately1 miss$ x4 ,i believe ?is agitation to be l>gely due to sci5tific pr(essors :o h be5 br\ght up on =eign books1 & h f\nd x too mu* tr\ble to conv]t =eign measurem5ts into ,engli%2 fur!r1 due to ! prompt+s ( a numb] ( =eign m]*ants1 =m+ 7happily1 or unhappily7 n[ s l>ge a portion ( our trad]s-m5 :o1 also1 d n wi% to take ! tr\ble ( conv]t+ =eign weights & measures into ,engli%4 ,z reg>ds ! sugge/ion1 made "t aft] "t1 t ! metric sy/em is "o giv+ ! greate/ simplicity to calculations1 ,i say unhesitat+ly1 f v consid]able exp]i5ce1 t x is "o absolutely subv]sive ( m5tal ari?metic1 & ,i appeal to anybody :o has ev] _h ! mis=tune to wait at ! gui*et ( a ,fr5* railway /ation :ile ! cl]k inside has be5 calculat+ ! total am\nt to be paid = two fir/-class & "o second-class f ,a to ,b ) a piece ( *alk1 or p5cil & pap]1 to comp>e ! spe$ & ! c]ta9ty ( ?is process ) ! answ] t he w\ld get at ,eu/on1 or at any su* /ation 9 ,great ,brita91 & say :i* sy/em %[s by results ! advantages 9 po9t ( "t & 9 accuracy4 ,! ,fr5* !mselves1 z has be5 po9t$ out on m ?an "o occasion1 f9d ! metric sy/em too irksome1 & !y evade x4 ,accord+ to ! metric sy/em1 "o ( its great m]its is t y c /ate e requir$ quantity by multiples or submultiples ( t5--metre1 #a2 decimetre1 #j4a2 c5timetre1 #j4ja2 millimetre1 #j4jja4 ,b no ,fr5*man ?9ks ( express+ himself 9 ?is way4 ,in/ead ( #j4ja1 he says cm4 #a4 ,= a millimetre1 he says mm4 #a4 ,:5 he comes to l>ge weights1 does he n commonly abjure ! #a1jjj kilos & write "o tonne8 ,:5 he comes to dome/ic weights ! kilogramme is f\nd too l>ge2 ! half ( ?is1 ! practical equival5t ( ! p\nd1 is want$4 ,he ought to write #ejj grammes4 ,he does n4 ,he abjures 8 decimals1 & writes "o half kilo4 ,b ,i feel ,i mu/ n take up y\r space by multiply+ in/ances1 s well kn[n to _m :o h /udi$ ! subject1 ( ! unbe>able burd5 ( ! decimal plus metrical sy/em compulsorily c>ri$ out4 ,i well "k ! value ( decimals1 & ! indisp5sable ne$ ( _! use 9 _m circum/ances2 b ,i object to be+ compell$ to use !m :5 !y are n ne$$ & are 9 ! way4 ,i f9d x easi] to /ate sev5 eigh?s1 & to deal ) x m5tally1 ?an to put x into ! =m ( 4#hge4 ,i d n wi% to be re/rict$ by law 9 ! use ( my tools4 ,:at w\ld be ?\ght ( ! law :i* compell$ a %ipwright on all occasions to use a *isel1 & nev] to employ ! adze4 ,i1 )1 ,i believe1 e uphold] ( ,engli% weights & measures1 & ( ! use ( fractions1 am q will+ t ! metric sy/em %\ld be made legal 9 its entirety ?r\gh\t ,great ,brita92 b we are n will+ t ! useful weights & measures :i* we c employ ) s great facility & accuracy %\ld be made illegal4 ,let ! two exi/ toge!r1 & exp]i5ce w prove :i* is ! "o pref]r$ by ! community4 ,i am1 sir1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,fr$]ick ,,bramwell4 #e ,,great ,,george ,,/reet1 ,,we/m9/]1 ,s4 ,w41 ,m>* #ah1 #ahii4 ,p4 ,s4--,v probably ! old /alk+-horses w be trott$ out on ,w$nesday1 & ! ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade w be told ( ! confusion creat$ by ! exi/5ce ( m]e local weights & measures4 ,i believe t if ^? :o cite ^! anomalies 7 ask$ to give in/ances at v>i\s dates x w\ld be f\nd t ^! local weights & measures 7 dy+ out4 ,9 any ev5t !y are illegal1 & are n obligatory ^u anybody4 ,e man c claim to deal accord+ to ! /&>ds ( l5g?1 ( weights1 & ( capacity4 ,mo/ c]ta9ly ! introduction ( ! metric sy/em w\ld l>gely add to ! use ( illegal weights & measures1 n only locally1 b g5]ally4 ,if ! inquiry 7 made 9 ,france1 ev5 no f>!r (f ?an ,b\logne1 x w\ld be f\nd t1 9 ! m>kets !re1 deal+s are frequ5tly c>ri$ out on a local sy/em unconnect$ ) ! metric4--,f4 ,b4 ,v>iations 9 ,african ,religi\s ,ideas4--,miss ,k+sley obs]ves1 9 h] ,we/ ,african ,/udies1 t :5 y are travel+ f di/rict to di/rict y c n fail to be /ruck by ! diff]5ce 9 "* ( ! native religions y are /udy+1 & t no w&]+ /ud5t ( ! subject 9 we/]n ,africa c avoid recogniz+ ! exi/5ce ( at lea/ f\r di/9ct =ms ( developm5t ( ! feti* idea4 ,!y h e "o ( !m ! same und]ly+ idea1 & yet !y diff]4 ,& ,i believe1 ,miss ,k+sley says1 mu* ( ! confusion :i* is suppos$ to exi/ 9 ,african religi\s ideas is a confusion only exi/+ 9 ! m9ds ( cab9et e?nologi/s f a want ( recognition ( ! fact ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! s*ools4 ,= example1 suppose y take a few facts f ,ellis & a few f ,ba/ian & mix1 & call ! mixture ,we/ ,african religion4 ,y d mu* ! same sort ( ?+ z if y took bits f ,mr4 ,spurgeon's works & f ^? ( "s em95t ,jesuit & ( a s\nd ,greek *ur*man & mix$ !m1 & label$ x ,european religion4 ,! bits w\ld be all "r by !mselves1 b ! mixture w\ld be a qua9t affair4 ,( ! f\r ma9 s*ools ( feti* pr$icat$ by ,miss ,k+sley1 ! ,t%i & ,ewe s*ool 7,ellis's s*ool7 is ma9ly conc]n$ ) ! pres]vation ( life2 ! ,calab> s*ool ) attempt+ to enable ! s\l successfully to pass ?r\gh dea?2 ! ,mpongwe s*ool ) ! atta9m5t ( mat]ial prosp]ity2 & ! s*ool ( ,nkissi ) ! wor%ip ( ! my/]y ( ! p[] ( evil4 ,a ,natural ,hi/ory ,society z a ,s*ool4--,among ! ag5cies employ$ by ! ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory = mak+ itself a vehicle ( in/ruction to ! public has be5 ! employm5t ( an educat$ man & tea*] z guide to ! museum1 :o %\ld also give lectures !re4 ,! sal>y ( ?is (fic] has h]et(ore be5 provid$ by ! b\nty ( ,miss ,h>riet ,e4 ,freeman1 b %e has be5 oblig$ to discont9ue h] contribution1 & ! curator is n[ seek+ o!r means ( ma9ta9+ a suitably qualifi$ assi/ant4 ,! guide1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,grabau1 deliv]$ a c\rse ( lectures 9 ,april & ,may1 #ahig1 on ,! ,surface ( ! ,e>?3 ,its ,rocks1 ,soil1 & ,sc5]y1 9 :i* special att5tion 0 giv5 to ! sc5]y 9 ,new ,engl&2 &1 :5ev] x 0 practicable1 excursions 7 made to localities :i* c\ld be us$ z illu/rations4 ,a simil> c\rse1 deliv]$ 9 #ahif1 result$ 9 ! =mation dur+ ! summ] ( ! same ye> ( a class ( ?irty p]sons1 summ] resid5ts ( ,k5nebunkport1 ,ma9e1 :o 7 "u ,mr4 ,grabau's daily in/ruction = two weeks4 ,! awak5+ ( int]e/ 9 local sc5]y fur!r l$ to 8 giv+ lectures 9 ,belmont & ,arl+ton1 & he !reby became in/rum5tal 9 a movem5t int5d$ to pres]ve ! local frontal b[ld] mora9e on ,arl+ton ,heights--a valuable geological movem5t4 ,a c\rse ( lectures on ! ,animals ( ! ,%ores ( ,new ,engl& 0 giv5 by ,mr4 ,grabau to a class ( f =ty to sev5ty-five p]sons1 9 ! ,tea*]s' ,s*ool ( ,sci5ce1 ) excursions on ,w$nesday & ,saturday aft]noons4 ,9 a simil> fall c\rse att5tion 0 giv5 specially to ! /udy ( animals 9 _! v>i\s habitats4 ,a c\rse by ,mr4 ,grabau on ! use ( ! microscope & ! prep>ation ( specim5s 0 foll[$ by t5 days' laboratory "w 9 ,limekilns ,bay1 ,ma9e4 ,"o ( ! results ( a w9t] c\rse on zology1 to a class ( tw5ty tea*]s1 0 ! =mation ( ! ,hale ,h\se ,natural ,hi/ory ,club1 9 connection ) :i* field meet+s are held1 classes = *ildr5 are =m$1 & pap]s ^u elem5t>y subjects are read & discuss$4 ,o!r c\rses ( lectures are m5tion$ 9 ! report ( ! curator ( ! society--! field lessons 9 geology1 by ,pr(essor ,b>ton1 ) a w9t] c\rse 9 hi/orical geology2 ! c\rse ( ,dr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,gre5leaf1 on ! elem5t>y /ructure & function ( ! p>ts ( fl[]+ plants2 ! c\rse ( ! curator 7,alpheus ,hyatt71 on elem5t>y zology2 & ! lectures on geography1 by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,m4 ,davis4 ,glaci] ,wat]4--,an analysis ( two samples ( wat] f ! ,illecilliwaet ,glaci]1 9 ,briti% ,columbia1 0 rec5tly made by ,f4 ,t4 ,%utt & ,a4 ,t4 ,*>ron4 ,! wat] 0 collect$ a few feet f ! glaci]'s irregul> face1 ab\t a mile & a half f ! glaci] /ation on ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway4 ,! foll[+ is ab/ract$ f an acc\nt 9 ! ,*emical ,news3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #b4 ---------------------- ,p>ts p] million4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,free ammonia #j4jah #j4jah ,album9oid ammonia #j4jbg #j4jcg ,nitrog5 z nitrates & nitrites #j4jbdf #j4jddb ,oxyg5 absorb$ 9 fifte5 m9utes #j4jcif #j4jfgb ,oxyg5 absorb$ 9 f\r h\rs #j4ajef #j4agdd ,*lor9e #j4aj #j4aj ,total solids at #aje ,c4 #cj4h #ab4j ,solids aft] ignition #cj4h #h4j ,loss on ignition ,none4 #d4j ,phosphates ,none4 ,none4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,! au?ors g on to say3 ,f ! above data we may unhesitat+ly conclude t ! glaci] wat] is "o ( great organic purity4 ,! samples are n id5tical1 due no d\bt to ! fact t !y 7 collect$ twelve days ap>t1 & probably f diff]5t p>ts ( ! foot ( ! glaci]4 ,bo? analyses1 h[ev]1 %[ t1 judg$ by ! /&>ds us$ 9 ! diagnosis ( ord9>y potable wat]s1 x is a wat] possess+ a high degree ( purity1 & "o p]fectly :olesome & em95tly suit$ = dr9k+ & h\sehold purposes4 ,z receiv$1 bo? samples 7 q murky1 almo/ milky1 9 appe>ance4 ,on all[+ !m to /&1 p]fect subsid5ce took place1 leav+ ! sup]natant wat] colorless & brilliant4 ,a microscopic exam9ation ( ! s$im5t %[$ x to consi/ ( v f9e rock matt]1 *iefly fragm5ts ( qu>tzite4 ,protection ( ,plants & ,birds 9 ,france & ,italy4--,organiz$ ef=ts = ! protection ( native plants & birds f fur!r de/ruction are multiply+ 9 ,europe4 ,botanical /ations = ,alp9e plants h be5 e/abli%$ at sev]al places 9 ,france & ,switz]l&1 & n[ ,italy has come into l9e ) ! association ,pro ,mortibus1 :i*1 f\nd$ 9 ,july1 #ahig1 has already m ?an five hundr$ adh]5ts4 ,italy is probably ! c\ntry :]e "w ( ?is k9d is mo/ ne$$1 = n[h]e else is ! de/ruction1 p>ticul>ly ( birds1 s sy/ematically1 p]si/5tly1 & indu/ri\sly c>ri$ on4 ,pro ,mortibus w also int]e/ itself 9 ! pres]vation & replantation ( ! =e/s4 ,among o!r ef=ts look+ 9 a simil> direction1 ,m4 ,j4 ,corcelli tells 9 ,la ,nature ( ! e/abli%m5t ( %elt]s 9 connection ) ! s*ools 9 ,saxony :]e birds are f$ 9 ! w9t]1 & ( lessons giv5 to ! *ildr5 inculcat+ reg>d = !m4 ,a great deal has be5 accompli%$ 9 ,france )\t mu* noise 9 rewood+ ! deva/at$ slopes ( ! m\nta9s & erect+ effici5t safegu>ds aga9/ ravage by torr5ts--l>gely by re/ra9+ ! torr5ts at _! s\rces2 & ! ,alp9e =e/s ( ! c\ntry1 ,m4 ,corcelli says1 are aga9 ris+ f _! a%es4 ,res]ves ( ,alp9e plants h be5 e/abli%$ by ! ,bel=t section ( ! ,fr5* ,alp9e ,club on ! ,ballon ( ,alsace2 ! c5tral section is creat+ an ext5sive botanical g>d5 9 ! ,vosges1 to s]ve z a place ( refuge & propagation & multiplication ( species ?reat5$ ) ext9ction4 ,! city ( ,annecy1 9 ,savoy1 has rec5tly vot$ ! money requir$ = e/abli%+ a simil> g>d5 on ! v]dant ridges ( ! ,semnoz4 ,two local societies 9 ,italy are engag$ 9 a simil> "w1 "o ( :i* has e/abli%$ ! g>d5 museum ,*am\sia on ! slopes ( ! ,sa9t ,b]n>d1 :]e plants f ! ,pyr5ees & ! ,himalaya are also collect$4 ,switz]l& is n beh9d ei!r ( ^! c\ntries 9 ?is "w4 ,tortoise ,%ell4--,! foll[+ int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! tortoise-%ell indu/ry is tak5 f ,nature3 ,! tortoise %ell ( comm]ce is obta9$ f ! horny sup]ficial plates ov]ly+ ! bony case ( ! great majority ( tortoises & turtles4 ,turtles diff] f tortoises 9 ! he>t-%ap$ =m ( ! upp] half ( ! %ell1 & ! conv]sion ( ! limbs into paddles adapt$ = swimm+4 ,! upp] "p ( ! %ell c>ries a m$ian r[ ( five l>ge sup]ficial horny plates1 flank$ on ei!r side by a r[ ( f\r or five /ill l>g] flat plates2 ^! ?irte5 or fifte5 l>ge plates af=d+ "s ( ! mo/ valuable comm]cial tortoise %ell 9 ! p>ticul> species ^: %ell is 9 mo/ dem&4 ,on ! front & h9d edges ( ! upp] bony %ell & ! portion connect+ ! latt] ) ! pla/ron1 or l[] %ell1 are a s]ies ( small] horny plates1 g5]ally tw5ty-f\r 9 numb]1 :i* are %>ply b5t 9 ! middle & are kn[n 9 ! trade z ho(4 ,! "u surface ( ! %ell ( a turtle c>ries six pairs ( l>ge1 m or less flat1 horny plates1 = :i* ! trade t]m1 d]iv$ f _! uni=m color1 is yell[ belly4 ,9 value !y sometimes exce$ all b ! v f9e/ ( ! l>ge upp] plates1 g5]ally kn[n simply z %ell4 ,( ! ho/ ( l& & fre%-wat] tortoises1 mo/ ( :i* are ( comp>atively small size1 ! horny plates 7:i*1 by ! way1 are altoge!r want+ 9 ! s-call$ s(t tortoises ( tropical riv]s71 on acc\nt ( _! ?9ness & opacity1 are n[ ( no comm]cial value1 at lea/ 9 ,engl&4 ,moreov]1 x is by no means all species ( m>9e turtles :i* yield comm]cial tortoise %ell4 ,( ^! m>9e turtles1 exclusive ( ! great lea!ry turtle1 !re are ?ree well-m>k$ & p]fectly di/9ct types1 sev]ally repres5t$ by ! gre5 or edible turtle1 ! hawksbill1 & ! logg]head4 ,! hawksbill furni%es ! mo/ valuable %ell4 ,! l>ge/ & be/ plates1 :i* are 9 ! middle ( ! back1 are ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick 9 ! c5t]1 & measure ab\t ?irte5 by eight in*es1 _! weight be+ f ab\t half a p\nd ea* to z mu* z "o p\nd4 ,! l5g? ( ! c>apace 7! upp] %ell7 9 ! hawksbill is ab\t =ty-two in*es4 ,x is f\nd 9 all tropical & subtropical seas4 ,f a dead turtle ! plates ( tortoise %ell c be readily deta*$ by beat+4 ,! highe/ price realiz$ dur+ #ahih 9 ! ,london m>ket 0 ab\t #aabs4 #f;d4 7ab\t #bh7 a p\nd = ! v be/ select$ %ell4 ,x is /at$ t #gf1gfj p\nds ( hawksbill %ell 7 sold 9 ,london 9 #ahih4 ,! %ell is v readily workable1 be+ made p>tially pla/ic by imm]sion 9 hot wat]4 ,poison 9 ,wild ,*]ry ,leaves4--,in/ances hav+ be5 br\ght to ! notice ( ! directory ( ! ,new ,hamp%ire ,college ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation ( cattle presumably fatally poison$ by prussic acid f eat+ wild *]ry leaves1 ! subject has be5 inve/igat$ by ,fr$ ,w4 ,morse & ,*>les ,d4 ,h[>d4 ,five species ( wild *]ry gr[ 9 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ( :i* ! r$ *]ry & ! horse plum are n reg>d$ z dang]\s1 & ! dw>f *]ry has n be5 exam9$1 b is /rongly suspect$4 ,! wild black *]ry is ! mo/ noxi\s species1 & ! *oke*]ry is n f> beh9d x4 ,! poison\s pr9ciple 9 ^! *]ries is hydrocyanic or prussic acid1 :i*1 h[ev]1 does n exi/ 9 ! leaves z su*1 b is d]iv$ f ! amygdal9 !y conta94 ,! popul> op9ion t only ! wilt$ leaves are specially dang]\s is n borne out4 ,! au?ors f\nd bo? wilt$ & fre% leaves poison\s1 & ! dri$ leaves wor?y to be reg>d$ ) suspicion4 ,vigor\s1 succul5t leaves f "y %oots1 :i* are ! ones mo/ likely to be eat5 by cattle1 are f> m poison\s ?an ! leaves f a mature tree or /unt$ %rub4 ,! l>ge/ am\nts ( prussic acid 7 d]iv$ f leaves wilt$ 9 bright sunlight to ab\t sev5ty-five p] c5t _! orig9al weight1 or till !y began to appe> slightly limp & lose _! gloss4 ,leaves wilt$ 9 ! d>k 7 mu* less dang]\s4 ,dr4 ,br9ton's ,contributions to ,am]ican ,l+ui/ics4--,at ! sugge/ion ( ! late ,james ,con/ant9e ,pill+1 ,dr4 ,d4 ,g4 ,br9ton has prep>$ an analytical survey ( 8 contributions 9 ! field ( ,am]ican l+ui/ics1 :i* h n[ ext5d$ ov] =ty ye>s4 ,! li/ includes sev5ty-"o titles ( books & pap]s1 ( :i* sixte5 are class$ z g5]al articles & works4 ,! fir/ f\r ( ^! are occupi$ ) ! inquiry :e!r ! native ,am]ican languages1 z a gr\p1 h peculi> morphological traits t ju/ify _! classification z "o ( ! great divisions ( human spee*4 ,dr4 ,br9ton f9ds a feature--incorporation--:i*1 "u ! =m polysyn!sis1 is pres5t 9 a m>k$ degree 9 ne>ly all ( !m4 ,ano!r pap] %[s t ! v>i\s alleg$ affiliations betwe5 ,am]ican & ,asiatic tongues are :olly unf\nd$1 & ano!r pleads = m att5tion to ,am]ican languages4 ,a volume ( ne>ly f\r hundr$ pages--,! ,am]ican ,race--0 ! fir/ attempt at a sy/ematic classification ( all ! tribes ( ,nor?1 ,c5tral1 & ,s\? ,am]ica on ! basis ( language4 ,x def9es sev5ty-n9e l+ui/ic /ocks 9 ,nor? ,am]ica & sixty-"o 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 p]ta9+ to ne>ly sixte5 hundr$ tribes4 ,o!r volumes 9 ! li/ include writ+s1 pref]ably on secul> subjects1 by natives 9 _! own languages4 ,"o conta9s a li/ ( native ,am]ican au?ors1 & notices "s ( _! works4 ,ano!r v9dicates ! claim ( native ,am]ican poetry to recognition4 ,^! works 7 foll[$ by ! ,libr>y ( ,aborig9al ,am]ican ,lit]ature1 ( :i* eight consid]able volumes 7 publi%$1 ea* conta9+ a "w :olly ( native inspiration1 9 a native tongue1 ) a translation1 notes1 etc4 ,f\rte5 o!r publications relate to ,nor? ,am]ican languages nor? ( ,mexico1 ?irty-two to ,mexican & ,c5tral ,am]ican languages1 & t5 to ,s\? ,am]ican & ,antillean languages4 ,_m ( ^! articles 7 collect$ 9 #ahij & publi%$ 9 a volume entitl$ ,essays ( an ,am]icani/4 ,x 0 arrang$ 9 f\r p>ts1 relat+ respectively to ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 ,my?ology & ,folklore1 ,graphic ,sy/ems & ,lit]ature1 & ,l+ui/ics4 ,! value ( ,dr4 ,br9ton's labors w be realiz$ by all p]sons :o "k h[ rapidly ?+s purely native ,am]ican are pass+ away4 ,metallic ,alloys ( ,ri* ,colors4--,a rem>kable alloy ( gold sev5ty-eight p>ts & alum9um tw5ty-two p>ts1 discov]$ by ,messrs4 ,rob]ts-,au/5 & ,hunt1 has a *>act]i/ic purple color :i* c n be imitat$2 = if ! designat$ proportions ( ! con/itu5ts are v>i$ f1 ! base is entirely *ang$4 ,! comp\nd lacks some:at 9 ! qualities ( resi/ance & malleability4 ,! color is abnormal 9 t x p>takes ( none ( ! color features ( its con/itu5ts1 z is ! case 9 mo/ comb9ations ( metals4 ,?us1 ! colors ( copp] alloy$ ) z9c or t9 pass gradually f r$ to :ite1 accord+ to ! proportions ( ! con/itu5t metals4 ,9 ! union ( two metals ( :ite or blui%-:ite color1 l z9c1 t91 silv]1 & alum9um1 ! color ( ! alloys is n p]ceptibly diff]5t f t ( ! compon5ts--t is1 x cont9ues :ite4 ,! purple ( ! gold alum9um alloy is n1 h[ev]1 ! only exception to ?is rule4 ,alum9um gives highly color$ comp\nds ) sev]al o!r metals1 ev5 :5 ! second metal is cle>ly :ite4 ,9 ! exp]im5ts ( ,*>les ,m>cot1 ( ,g5eva1 9 alloy+ alum9um ) plat9um1 palladium1 nickel1 & cobalt1 comb9ation took place abruptly at r$ heat1 ) ! developm5t ( an int5se temp]ature & a p>tial comb9ation ( ! alum9um2 & :5 plat9um is ! second metal1 an explosion is liable to occur4 ,an alloy ( sev5ty-two p>ts ( plat9um & tw5ty-eight ( alum9um _h a bright gold5 or yell[ color1 :i* v>i$ "u slight *anges 9 ! proportions ( ! elem5ts to violet gre5 or copp]y r$4 ,! alloy is h>d & brittle & ( cry/all9e /ructure4 ,! yell[ =m is /able1 :ile ! o!r =ms decompose 9 a %ort "t4 ,an alloy ( sev5ty-two p>ts palladium & tw5ty-eight alum9um is ( f9e copp]y rose color1 cry/all9e texture1 h>d & brittle1 & suff]s no *ange ) "t4 ,an alloy ( f sev5ty-five to eighty p>ts cobalt & tw5ty to tw5ty-five alum9um is /raw-yell[1 incl9+ to br[n2 :5 j =m$ x is ext]nally h>d & scrat*es glass1 b is easily brok5 ) a hamm]1 & falls to a p[d] 9 a few days4 ,an alloy ( eighty-two p>ts nickel & eighte5 alum9um has a pron\nc$ /raw-yell[ color1 is z h>d z temp]$ /eel1 & resi/s ! bl[ ( a hamm]4 ,! fracture1 close-gra9$1 is t ( /eel or bell metal4 ,x is susceptible ( a f9e poli%1 is /able1 & keeps its color4 ,?\gh int]e/+ on acc\nt ( _! colors1 ^! alloys1 except t ( nickel1 are n suitable = any use4 ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,sausages4--,! ,lancet is au?ority = ! foll[+3 ,! composition ( ! sausage is n only complex1 b x is (t5 obscure4 ,x is suppos$ to be a comp\nd ( m9c$ beef & pork4 ,abroad1 h[ev]1 ! sausage is comp\nd$ ( a mu* wid] range ( sub/ances4 ,^! include bra9s1 liv]1 & horsefle%4 ,occasionally !y d n conta9 meat at all1 b only bread t+$ ) r$ oxide ( iron & mix$ ) a v>y+ proportion ( fat4 ,horsefle% is ri* 9 glycog51 & ?is fact enables its pres5ce 9 sausage meat to be detect$ ) "s am\nt ( c]ta9ty4 ,! te/1 :i* dep5ds on a color reaction1 ) iod9e has rec5tly be5 m c>efully /udi$ & ) m satisfactory results1 s t ! pres5ce ( five p] c5t ( horsefle% c be detect$4 ,at pres5t !re is no legal provision = a /&>d 9 reg>d to ! composition ( sausages1 b cle>ly !re ought to be4 ,limitations %\ld be laid d[n z to ! am\nt ( bread us$1 z to ! actual proportion ( meat sub/ances pres5t1 & z to ! color+ matt]s add$ to give an attractive appe>ance ( fre% meat4 ,sausages are extremely liable to und]go decomposition & become poison\s1 ow+ to ! elaboration ( toxic sub/ances dur+ ! putrefactive process4 ,bad or rancid fat is v liable to alt] ! "* ( a sausage = ! worse4 ,?us 9 "s in/ances ! use ( rancid l>d has r5d]$ ! sausage aft] a "t q phosphoresc5t1 an appe>ance :i* indicates1 ( c\rse1 an undesirable *ange4 ,! smok$ sausage is a mu* saf] article ( diet ?an ! unsmok$1 s9ce ! cur+ process pres]ves ! meat sub/ance aga9/ decomposition by reason ( ! empyreumatic bodies pres5t 9 ! wood smoke :i* is us$ = ?is purpose4 ,photograph+ ,papuan ,*ildr54--,_m savages dislike to h _! pictures tak51 "s be+ re/ra9$ by motives ( sup]/ition2 b 9 ,new ,gu9ea ,pr(essor ,semon f\nd be+ photograph$ a great joke = all ! boys & girls4 ,he _h mu* tr\ble 9 isolat+ a s+le individual1 s z n to get ?irty or =ty p]sons into 8 picture in/ead ( ! "o he wi%$ to immortalize4 ,wi%+1 he says1 to portray "o "y girl ( uncommonly good looks1 ,i sep>at$ h] f ! re/1 gave h] a favorable position1 & adju/$ ! l5s1 surr\nd$ all ! :ile by a cr[d ( p beh9d & beside me1 ! *ildr5 *e]+1 ! wom5 mo/ ard5tly att5tive1 ! m5 b5evol5tly smil+4 ,evid5tly my subject 0 pr\d ( ! di/9ction %e enjoy$ & ! att5tion v\*saf$ h]4 ,q sudd5ly1 h[ev]1 ?is simple savage1 untaught z %e 0 & innoc5t ( ! laws ( retic5ce & prudi%ness1 became convuls$ ) %ame1 cov]$ h] eyes ) h] h&s1 & valiantly resi/$ e attempt to make h] /& =w>d z be=e4 ,at ! same "t ,i notic$ t ! hue ( h] features *ang$1 ! br[n ( h] face becom+ d>k] & deep] ?an be=e1 a ph5om5on easily expla9$ by ! fact ( ! blood ris+ into h] head4 ,_h %e be5 a br[n girl we w\ld h said t %e blu%$4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! physiological process 0 ! same z t :i* =ces u to blu%4 ,at ano!r "t1 :5 ! au?or _h got two little girls into position to be photograph$1 _! mo!rs came up & =bade 8 tak+ !m t day1 b promis$ to pres5t !m on ! morr[4 ,on ! next day bo? ! little angels 7 solemnly br\ght to meet u ne>ly smo!r$ 9 ornam5ts1 _! hair decorat$ ) fea!rs & combs1 _! e>s ) tortoise-%ell pieces1 _! little ?roats surr\nd$ by plates ( "m-(-pe>l & *a9s ( d+o tee?1 legs & arms hung ) r+s & %ells1 tee?1 & all sorts ( network4444 ,"h1 aga91 "o may see t mo!rs are made ( ! same /uff all ov] ! _w1 ,papuan mammas be+ equal to any ( our peasant wom5 or f9e ladies 9 ! po9t ( vanity z f> z conc]ns _! *ildr54 ,meat ,extracts4--,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! hi/ory & prep>ation ( meat extracts 0 rec5tly giv5 z a lecture be=e ! ,society ( ,arts 7,engli%7 by ,*>les ,r4 ,val5t9e4 ,! idea ( conc5trat+ ! body ( an ox into a ?imbleful ( elixir seems to h be5 a v old "o4 ,until ! "w ( ,ju/us von ,liebig1 ab\t fifty ye>s ago1 h[ev]1 little progress ( practical value 0 made t[>d ?is end4 ,liebig mac]at$ f9ely divid$ beef 9 cold wat]1 or 9 wat] n above #aej ,f4 ,! wat] dissolv$ f sixte5 to tw5ty-f\r p] c5t ( ! weight ( ! dry fle%4 ,?is infusion 0 heat$1 ! album5 & r$ color+ matt] ( ! blood coagulat$1 & 0 sep>at$ z a floccul5t precipitate4 ,! rema9+ solution has ! aromatic ta/e & all ! prop]ties ( s\p made by boil+ ! fle%4 ,! infusion 0 !n evaporat$ at a g5tle heat4 ,! residue am\nt$ to ab\t twelve or ?irte5 p] c5t ( ! orig9al 7dry7 fle%4 ,?is is 9 r\gh outl9e ! process ( meat-extract mak+4 ,?is extract is simply an evaporat$ beef tea1 conta9+ ! extractive matt]s ( beef1 & 9 virtue ( ^! possesses m$ic9al & dietetic prop]ties ( value4 ,b x is 9 no s5se a sub/itute = beef1 z ! latt]'s mo/ important food con/itu5t--album5--x does n conta94 ,,m9or ,,p>agraphs4 ,x appe>s f tables ( ,"s ,/ati/ics ( ,eng9e]+ ,education1 compil$ by ,presid5t ,m4 ,e4 ,wadswor?1 ( ! ,mi*igan ,college ( ,m9es1 t su* education has be51 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on ! :ole a ?+ ( comp>atively rec5t date1 ! olde/ s*ool1 ! ,r5ssela] ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 hav+ be5 e/abli%$ 9 #ahbd2 ! next1 ! ,lawr5ce & ,%effield ,s*ools1 9 #ahdf & #ahdg2 & ! ,columbia ,s*ool 9 #ahfc4 ,civil eng9e]+ has l$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & has _h v>i\s p]iods ( advance1 z 9 #ahhg-'hh1 & depression1 z 9 #ahif-'ig4 ,me*anical eng9e]+ progress$ till #ahhf-'hg1 :5 ! numb] ( /ud5ts fell (f1 & ! same happ5$ ) electrical eng9e]+1 :i* fur!r suff]s a natural reaction f hav+ be5 greatly ov]done4 ,z a rule1 mo/ ( ! s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates seem to run to specialties1 "o or two ( ! c\rses be+ usually m conspicu\s ?an ! o!rs4 ,! importance ( "s arrangem5t by :i* vessels may be in=m$ ( ea* o!r's approa* 9 fog & d>kness has giv5 rise to _m devices2 ! only "o1 h[ev]1 :i* has z yet prov$ practical is ! fog-horn or sir51 & ?is has _m disadvantages4 ,sev]al fatal collisions at sea dur+ ! pa/ ye> h giv5 rise to r5ew$ int]e/ 9 ! subject1 & a numb] ( new me?ods h be5 sugge/$4 ,m4 ,branley1 a ,fr5* physici/1 9 a note pres5t$ to ! ,fr5* ,academy sugge/s t ea* vessel be provid$ ) a numb] ( extremely s5sitive magnetic receiv]s1 or coh]]s1 & a p[]ful magnetic transmitt]4 ,p]iodical signals be+ made ) ! transmitt]1 correspond+ impressions w\ld be made ^u ! receiv]s ( approa*+ vessels4 ,! pr9cipal difficulty ) ?is s*eme lies 9 ! fact t ! receiv]s ( a vessel w be affect$ by its own transmitt]4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods by :i* ?is difficulty may be ov]come1 h[ev]4 ,diff]5t signals may be employ$1 or ! int]val betwe5 signals may be regul>ly v>i$4 ,m4 ,branley calls att5tion to ! influ5ce ( a metallic envelope surr\nd+ a coh]]1 & %[s t :5 ! coh]] is ?us completely surr\nd$ x is unaffect$ by ! influ5ce ( a transmitt]4 ,by ?us inclos+ ! receiv] on a %ip at ! in/ant ( ! op]ation ( ! transmitt] ( ! same vessel1 ! above difficulty might be avoid$4 ,:ile we c n collect roses f our g>d5s 9 ,janu>y & maple blossoms f ! woods 9 ,febru>y1 yet1 z ,pr(4 ,w4 ,j4 ,beal %[s 9 a bullet9 ( ! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 our trees & %rubs 9 _! w9t] g>b furni% excell5t lessons = ! pr(itable employm5t ( pupils dur+ _m weeks at t season 9 true botanical /udy4 ,let ea* memb] ( a class be provid$ ) a bran*1 a foot or two long1 f a sug> maple1 & !n sp5d "s t5 to tw5ty m9utes or m quietly look+ at ! buds & ! b>k1 ) its sc>s & specks1 & !n tell :at he has discov]$1 v5tur+ to expla9 ! object or mean+ ( "s ( ! ?+s he has se54 ,9 a simil> mann] let ea* look ov] a bran* ( bee* & !n po9t out ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two k9ds4 ,op5+ buds ( trees may be obta9$ at any "t dur+ ! w9t] by plac+ ! l[] end ( ! /em 9 wat] = a week or two :ile 9 ! s*oolroom4 ,eiv9d ,a/rup1 9 8 book ,) ,pe>y ne> ! ,pole1 gives admir+ pictures ( ! natural innoc5ce ( ! uncontam9at$ ,eskimos ( nor!rn ,gre5l&1 :]e are communities 9 :i* money is unkn[n1 & love ( "o's neighbor is a fundam5tal rule ( action2 :]e !ft is n practic$4 ,all ?+s are held 9 common1 & falsehoods are told only to sp>e ! feel+s ( ! li/5]4 ,among ! in/ances ( ! native k9dl9ess ( ^! p is "o :]e a dog _h eat5 up a re9de] coat1 yet 0 only remon/rat$ ) by its own]4 ,:5 ! au?or sugge/$ t a hungry dog %\ld be puni%$ = /eal+ a piece ( blubb]1 ! own] said t x 0 himself :o des]v$ ! ?ra%+ = n hav+ obta9$ suffici5t food = ! dog4 ,! op]ations ( ! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,laboratory ( ,natural ,hi/ory dur+ #ahig & #ahih 7 almo/ :olly connect$ ) ! "w ( ! ,/ate ,entomologi/ or ) t ( ! ,biological ,/ation4 ,! =m] "w relat$ to v>i\s insects injuri\s to crops4 ,! op]ations ( ! ,biological ,/ation 7 c>ri$ on ) m ref]5ce to complet+ a =mal report ^u ! fi%es ( ,ill9ois4 ,! "w is conduct$ ) a view to ! acquisition ( correct ideas ( ! relative abundance & local di/ribution ( species1 _! haunts1 habits1 regul> migrations1 & irregul> movem5ts1 _! build+ times & places1 rate ( gr[?1 food1 diseases1 & enemies--&1 9 %ort1 ! :ole economy ( ea* k9d repres5t$ at ! /ation & ( ! :ole assemblage tak5 toge!r z a community gr\p4 ,ext5sive /udies ( aquatic entomology 7 made1 & a pap] on ephem]ids & dragon flies is ne>ly ready = ! press4 ,no "p ( ! "w ( ! /ation1 h[ev]1 attracts m att5tion among sci5tific m51 or is likely to lead to m int]e/+ & important results1 ?an ! plankton "w1 or ! sy/ematic /udy ( ! m9ute =ms ( plant & animal life susp5d$ 9 ! wat]4 ,wat] analyses h be5 ext5sively made 9 connection ) ^! /udies1 :i*1 comb9$ ) ! cont9u\s biological "w1 w1 :5 g5]aliz$1 furni% a sub/antial & au?oritative body ( k ( ! conditions ( ! wat]s ( ! middle ,ill9ois previ\s to ! op5+ ( ! ,*icago dra9age canal1 useful = comp>ison ) ! results ( simil> /udies made aft] t ev5t4 ,a summ] s*ool 0 conduct$1 ) fifte5 pupils1 9 #ahih1 & publications 7 issu$4 ,,notes4 ,! ,pa/eur monum5t 0 d$icat$ at ,lille1 ,france1 ! city 9 :i* ! subject ( ! memorial p]=m$ 8 e>li] m important rese>*es1 ,april #i?4 ,! c]emony 0 witness$ by a l>ge assembly1 :i* includ$ _m em95t sci5tific m5 ( ,france & =eign c\ntries1 among :om m5 engag$ 9 simil> rese>*es to ,pa/eur's 7 especially repres5t$4 ,! monum5t1 ! fruit ( a public subscription1 repres5ts ,pa/eur /&+ on ! summit ( a column ( ,soignies /one1 hold+ 9 8 "r h& an exp]im5tal flask4 ,at ! foot ( ! column a woman pres5ts h] *ild1 :i* has be5 bitt5 by a mad dog1 = treatm5t4 ,to ! left is a gr\p repres5t+ inoculation--a woman1 p]sonify+ sci5ce1 inject+ s]um into a *ild %e holds on h] knees4 ,?ree bas-reliefs repres5t respectively ,dr4 ,r\x inoculat+ a %eep = an?rax1 ,pa/eur /udy+ f]m5tation1 & ! fir/ antirabic inoculation ( ! "y ,joseph ,mei/]1 :o is held by 8 "m1 we>+ ! broad-flapp$ ,alsatian bonnet4 ,! /atue is 9 light bronze1 & ) ! gild$ bas-reliefs h>monizes well ) ! gray ( ! /one4 ,addresses 7 made by ,m4 ,arm& ,gauti] & ,m4 ,duclaux1 :o said t ! improv$ laboratories n[ enjoy$ by sci5tific in/itutions 9 ,p>is 7 l>gely due to ,pa/eur's ef=ts4 ,! m9or planet rec5tly discov]$ by ,witt1 rem>kable z hav+ an orbit t comes )9 t ( ,m>s1 & provisionally kn[n z ,,dq1 has be5 nam$ ,eros4 ,an exam9ation by ,pr(essor ,pick]+ & ,mrs4 ,flem+ ( ! ,h>v>d photographs has reveal$ traces ( ?is body on twelve plates tak5 9 #ahic & #ahid1 & on f\r plates ( #ahif4 ,by ! aid ( ^! plates x has be5 possible to det]m9e its elem5ts ) great] accuracy ?an w\ld o!rwise be possible4 ,its mean di/ance f ! sun is #a4dehaj1 its %orte/ di/ance #a4acccd1 & its greate/ di/ance #a4ghbhf t ( ! e>?2 ! ecc5tricity ( its orbit is #j4bbbgbi1 & its p]iod is #fdc4aj days4 ,its synodical p]iod is su* t x has ?ree oppositions 9 sev5 ye>s4 ,! next opposition w be 9 ! la/ mon?s ( #aijj1 & w be a mod]ately favorable "o = obs]vation4 ,! c\rses 9 pure sci5ce ( ! ,new ,york ,univ]sity include und]graduate1 graduate1 & summ] c\rses 9 ma!matics1 physics1 *emi/ry1 geology1 & biology1 ) laboratory privileges & provision = special /ud5ts & indep5d5t "w 9 *emi/ry4 ,! univ]sity la/ ye> 0 att5d$ by #a1gag /ud5ts 9 its ?ree faculties & six s*ools1 & #gbj non-matriculant /ud5ts & auditors4 ,a new feature ?is ye> is ! inauguration ( ! ,*>les ,f4 ,deems lecture%ip ( philosophy1 "u an end[m5t ( #ae1jjj by ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,*ri/ian ,philosophy1 ) ,pr(4 ,james ,iv]a*1 ,d4 ,d41 ( ! ,free ,*ur* ,college1 ,ab]de51 ,scotl&1 z ! fir/ lectur]4 ,a feature ( ! univ]sity organization is ! in/itution ( a woman's advisory committee co-op]at+ ) ! c\ncil4 ,a woman's law class is support$ by ! ,woman's ,legal ,education ,society1 ! purpose ( :i* is to make bus9ess wom5 & wom5 9 private life acqua9t$ ) exi/+ law4 ,! new ,sci5ce ,build+ ( ! ,city ,libr>y1 ,spr+field1 ,mass41 rec5tly complet$1 is be+ inaugurat$ by a ,geographical & ,geological ,exhibition4 ,x includes ! be/ & late/ maps1 models1 globes1 *>ts1 relief maps1 & photographs1 special att5tion be+ paid to ! mo/ effective modes ( tea*+4 ,"o ( ! mo/ attractive features ( ! exhibition is ! "w f ! ,spr+field public s*ools4 ,an +5i\s me?od = ?aw+ out froz5 wat] pipes has be5 us$ by ,pr(4 ,r4 ,w4 ,wood1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons94 ,x consi/s simply ( pass+ a curr5t ( electricity ?r\gh ! pipe4 ,9 "o case x is said t "o hundr$ & fifty feet ( froz5 pipe 0 ?aw$ out 9 eighte5 m9utes4 ,! ord9>y /reet curr5t 0 us$1 ! voltage be+ r$uc$ to ab\t fifty4 ,9 a summ>y ( inspectors' reports ( ! ,h>t=d ,/eam ,boil] ,inspection & ,insurance ,company = #ahih x is /at$ t ( #gh1cdi boil]s1 inspect$ bo? int]nally & ext]nally1 dur+ ! ye>1 !re 7 #aa1gbg dang]\s defects discov]$ & #fjc entire boil]s 7 decl>$ unsafe = fur!r use4 ,! rec5t dea? li/ ( m5 kn[n 9 sci5ce includes ! names ( ,*>les ,naud91 an em95t ,fr5* botani/1 ,dean ( ! ,botanical ,section ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces & au?or ( a book on ,hybrids 9 ! ,vegetable ,k+dom1 at ,antibes1 ,france1 ,m>* #ai?1 ag$ eighty-f\r ye>s2 ,dr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,leitn]1 an em95t ,ori5tali/ & l+ui/1 ,lectur] on ,ori5tal ,language at ,k+'s ,college1 ,london1 ,pr9cipal ( ,lahne ,college1 & ,regi/r> ( ,punjaub ,univ]sity1 :]e he introduc$ ! use ( _! own language & lit]ature 9 tea*+ ,indian /ud5ts1 f\nd] ( ! ,anglo-,indian ,in/itute at ,wok+1 ,engl&1 & au?or ( works 9 ,education1 ! ,races ( ,turkey1 ,! ,races & ,languages ( ,d>di/an1 ,grco-,buddhi/ ,discov]ies1 & o!r ,ori5tal subjects1 at ,bonn1 ,m>* #bd?1 9 8 sixty-n9? ye>2 ,dr4 ,angelo ,knorr1 ,doc5t 9 ! ,vet]9>y ,s*ool ( ,muni*1 ,febru>y #bb;d2 ,elizabe? ,br[n1 a/ronomical obs]v] & au?or ( pap]s on sol> ph5om5a1 at ,cir5ce/]1 ,engl&1 ,m>* #f?2 ,dr4 ,wilhelm von ,mll]1 ,pr(essor ,g5]al ,*emi/ry 9 ! ,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 ,muni*2 ,dr4 ,fri$ri* von ,lhmann1 ma!matician1 at ,/raslund1 ,prussia2 ,dr4 ,*>les ,=tuun1 m9]alogi/1 9 ,london2 ,alfr$ ,feuilleaubois1 au?or ( rese>*es on ,fungi1 at ,fonta9ebleau1 ,france2 ,dr4 ,he9ri* ,kief]t1 a geograph] & c>tograph] ^: fame 0 _w-wide1 ^: maps & atlases are ev]y:]e recogniz$ z au?orities1 at ,b]l91 ,april #ba/1 ag$ sev5ty ye>s2 & ,pr(4 ,sophus ,lie1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*ri/iania1 an em95t ma!matician1 ,febru>y #ah?1 9 8 fifty-sev5? ye>4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,words surr\nd$ by are italiciz$4 ,words surr\nd$ by are bold4 ,obvi\s pr9t]'s errors h be5 repair$1 o!r inconsi/5t spell+s h be5 kept1 includ+ inconsi/5t use ( hyph5 7e4g4 tortoise-%ell & tortoise %ell71 & prop] names 7e4g4 ,%aksp]e & ,%akespe>e74 ,"s illu/rations 7 relocat$ to correspond to _! ref]5ces 9 ! text4