,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,bee  ,by ,maurice  
,maet]l9ck  ,translat$ ,by ,alfr$ ,sutro
     ,,new ,,york  #aiad    ,publi%$    
,may1 #aija       ,cont5ts      ,i4 ,,on
 ,,! ,,?re%old ,,( ,,! ,,hive  ,,ii4 ,,!
 ,,sw>m  ,,iii4 ,,! ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,! 
,,city  ,,iv4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,bee  
,v4 ,,! ,,"y ,,que5s  ,,vi4 ,,!         
,,nuptial ,,flight  ,,vii4 ,,!          
,,massacre ,,( ,,! ,,males  ,,viii4 ,,! 
,,progress ,,( ,,! ,,race  ,,app5dix    
,i -- ,,on ,,! ,,?re%old ,,( ,,! ,,hive 
#a  ,,x is n my int5tion to write a     
treatise on apiculture1 or on practical 
bee-keep+4 ,excell5t works ( ! k9d ab\nd
 9 all civilis$ c\ntries1 & x 7 useless 
to attempt ano!r4 ,france has ^? (      
,dadant1 ,georges de ,lay5s & ,bonni]1  
,b]tr&1 ,hamet1 ,web]1 ,clem5t1 ! ,abbe 
,coll91 etc4 ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries h  
,lang/ro?1 ,bevan1 ,cook1 ,*e%ire1      
,c[an1 ,root1 etc4 ,g]many has ,dzi]zon1
 ,van ,b]lespo*1 ,pollmann1 ,vogel1 & _m
 o!rs4  ,nor is ?is book to be a        
sci5tific monograph on ,apis ,mellifica1

 ,ligu/ica1 ,fasciata1 ,dorsata1 etc41  
or a collection ( new obs]vations &     
/udies4 ,i %all say sc>cely any?+ t ^? w
 n "k :o are some:at famili> ) bees4 ,! 
notes & exp]im5ts ,i h made dur+ my     
tw5ty ye>s ( beekeep+ ,i %all res]ve = a
 m te*nical "w2 = _! int]e/ is          
necess>ily ( a special & limit$ nature1 
& ,i am anxi\s n to ov]-burd5 ?is essay4
 ,i wi% to speak ( ! bees v simply1 z "o
 speaks ( a subject "o kn[s & loves to  
^? :o "k x n4 ,i d n int5d to adorn !   
tru?1 or m]it ! j reproa* ,reaumur      
address$ to 8 pr$ecessors 9 ! /udy ( our
 honey-flies1 :om he accus$ ( sub/itut+ 
= ! m>vell\s reality m>vels t 7 imag9>y 
& m]ely plausible4 ,! fact t ! hive     
conta9s s mu* t is wond]ful does n      
w>rant our seek+ to add to its wond]s4  
,besides1 ,i myself h n[ = a long "t    
ceas$ to look = any?+ m beautiful 9 ?is 
_w1 or m int]e/+1 ?an ! tru?2 or at lea/
 ?an ! ef=t "o is able to make t[>ds !  
tru?4 ,i %all /ate no?+1 !re=e1 t ,i h n
 v]ifi$ myself1 or t is n s fully       

accept$ 9 ! text-books z to r5d] fur!r  
v]ification sup]flu\s4 ,my facts %all be
 z accurate z ?\gh !y appe>$ 9 a        
practical manual or sci5tific monograph1
 b ,i %all relate !m 9 a some:at liveli]
 fa%ion ?an su* works w\ld all[1 %all   
gr\p !m m h>moni\sly toge!r1 & bl5d !m )
 fre] & m mature reflections4 ,! read] (
 ?is book w n le>n !refrom h[ to manage 
a hive2 b he w "k m or less all t c )   
any c]ta9ty be kn[n ( ! curi\s1 pr(\nd1 
& intimate side ( its inhabitants4 ,nor 
w ?is be at ! co/ ( :at /ill rema9s to  
be le>n$4 ,i %all pass ov] 9 sil5ce !   
ho>y traditions t1 9 ! c\ntry & _m a    
book1 /ill con/itute ! leg5d ( ! hive4  
,:5ev] !re be d\bt1 disagreem5t1        
hypo!sis1 :5 ,i arrive at ! unkn[n1 ,i  
%all decl>e x loyally2 y w f9d t we (t5 
%all halt be=e ! unkn[n4 ,beyond !      
appreciable facts ( _! life we "k b     
little ( ! bees4 ,& ! clos] our         
acqua9tance becomes1 ! ne>] is our      
ignorance br\ght to u ( ! dep?s ( _!    
real exi/5ce2 b su* ignorance is bett]  

?an ! o!r k9d1 :i* is unconsci\s1 &     
satisfi$4  ,does an analog\s "w on ! bee
 exi/8 ,i believe ,i h read almo/ all t 
has be5 writt5 on bees2 b ( k9dr$ matt] 
,i "k only ,mi*elet's *apt] at ! end ( 8
 book ,! ,insect1 & ,ludwig ,bu*n]'s    
essay 9 8 ,m9d 9 ,animals4 ,mi*elet     
m]ely hov]s on ! fr+e ( 8 subject2      
,bu*n]'s treatise is compreh5sive en\gh1
 b conta9s s _m haz>d\s /atem5ts1 s mu* 
long-disc>d$ gossip & he>say1 t ,i      
suspect him ( nev] hav+ left 8 libr>y1  
nev] hav+ set =? himself to "q 8 h]o9es1
 or op5$ "o ( ! _m hundr$s ( ru/l+1     
w+-lit hives :i* we mu/ pr(ane be=e our 
in/9ct c be attun$ to _! secret1 be=e we
 c p]ceive ! _s & atmosph]e1 p]fume &   
my/]y1 ( ^! virg9 daught]s ( toil4 ,!   
book smells n ( ! bee1 or its honey2 &  
has ! defects ( _m a le>n$ "w1 ^:       
conclusions (t5 are preconceiv$1 & ^:   
sci5tific atta9m5t is compos$ ( a va/   
array ( d\btful anecdotes collect$ on e 
side4 ,b 9 ?is essay ( m9e we r>ely %all
 meet ea* o!r2 = our />t+-po9t1 our aim1

 & our po9t ( view are all v diff]5t4   
#b  ,! bibliography ( ! bee 7we w beg9 )
 ! books s z to get rid ( !m z soon z we
 c & g to ! s\rce ( ! books7 is v       
ext5sive4 ,f ! beg9n+ ?is /range little 
creature1 t liv$ 9 a society "u         
complicat$ laws & execut$ prodigi\s     
lab\rs 9 ! d>kness1 attract$ ! notice ( 
m54 ,ari/otle1 ,cato1 ,v>ro1 ,pl9y1     
,columella1 ,palladius all /udi$ ! bees2
 to say no?+ ( ,ari/oma*us1 :o1 accord+ 
to ,cic]o1 wat*$ !m = fifty-eight ye>s1 
& ( ,phyliscus1 ^: writ+s are lo/4 ,b ^!
 dealt r ) ! leg5d ( ! bee2 & all t we c
 ga!r !refrom--:i* inde$ is exce$+ly    
little--we may f9d cond5s$ 9 ! f\r? book
 ( ,virgil's ,georgics4  ,! real hi/ory 
( ! bee beg9s 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ) !  
discov]ies ( ! great ,dut* savant       
,swamm]dam4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to add   
?is detail1 b little kn[n3 be=e         
,swamm]dam a ,flemi% naturali/ nam$     
,clutius _h arriv$ at c]ta9 important   
tru?s1 su* z ! sole mat]nity ( ! que5 & 
h] possession ( ! attributes ( bo?      

sexes1 b he _h left ^! unprov$4         
,swamm]dam f\nd$ ! true me?ods (        
sci5tific inve/igation2 he inv5t$ !     
microscope1 contriv$ injections to w>d  
(f decay1 0 ! fir/ to dissect ! bees1 & 
by ! discov]y ( ! ov>ies & ! oviduct    
def9itely fix$ ! sex ( ! que51 hi!rto   
look$ ^u z a k+1 & ?rew ! :ole political
 s*eme ( ! hive into mo/ unexpect$ light
 by bas+ x ^u mat]nity4 ,f9ally he      
produc$ woodcuts & engrav+s s p]fect t  
to ?is day !y s]ve to illu/rate _m books
 on apiculture4 ,he liv$ 9 ! turbul5t1  
re/less ,am/]dam ( ^? days1 regrett+    
,het ,zoete ,buit5 ,leve --,! ,sweet    
,life ( ! ,c\ntry--& di$1 worn-out ) "w1
 at ! age ( =ty-?ree4 ,he wrote 9 a     
pi\s1 =mal /yle1 ) beautiful1 simple    
outbur/s ( a fai? t1 fe>ful ( fall+     
away1 ascrib$ all ?+s to ! glory ( !    
,creator2 & embodi$ 8 obs]vations &     
/udies 9 8 great "w ,bybel d] ,natuure1 
:i* ! doctor ,bo]have1 a c5tury lat]1   
caus$ to be translat$ f ! ,dut* into    
,lat9 "u ! title ( ,biblia ,naturae4    

7,leyd51 #agcg47  ,!n came ,reaumur1 :o1
 pursu+ simil> me?ods1 made a va/ numb] 
( curi\s exp]im5ts & rese>*es 9 8 g>d5s 
at ,*>5ton1 & devot$ to ! bees an entire
 volume ( 8 ,notes to ,s]ve = a ,hi/ory 
( ,insects4 ,"o may read x ) pr(it      
to-day1 & )\t fatigue4 ,x is cle>1      
direct1 & s9c]e1 & possess$ ( a c]ta9   
h>d1 arid *>m ( its own4 ,he s\ght      
especially ! de/ruction ( anci5t errors2
 he himself 0 responsible = sev]al new  
ones2 he p>tially und]/ood ! =mation (  
sw>ms & ! political e/abli%m5t ( que5s2 
9 a ^w1 he discov]$ _m difficult tru?s1 
& pav$ ! way = ! discov]y ( m4 ,he fully
 appreciat$ ! m>vell\s ar*itecture ( !  
hive2 & :at he said on ! subject has    
nev] be5 bett] said4 ,x is to him1 too1 
t we owe ! idea ( ! glass hives1 :i*1   
hav+ s9ce be5 p]fect$1 enable u to foll[
 ! entire private life ( ^! fi]ce       
insects1 ^: "w1 begun 9 ! dazzl+ sun%9e1
 receives its cr[n 9 ! d>kness4 ,to be  
compreh5sive1 "o %\ld m5tion also !     
some:at subsequ5t works & inve/igations 

( ,*>les ,bonnet & ,s*ira* 7:o solv$ !  
enigma ( ! royal egg72 b ,i w keep to ! 
broad l9es1 & pass at once to ,francois 
,hub]1 ! ma/] & classic ( contempor>y   
api>ian sci5ce4  ,hub] 0 born 9 ,g5eva 9
 #agej1 & fell bl9d 9 8 e>lie/ y\?4 ,!  
exp]im5ts ( ,reaumur int]e/$ him2 he    
s\ght to v]ify !m1 & soon becom+        
passionately absorb$ 9 ^! rese>*es1     
ev5tually1 ) ! assi/ance ( an intellig5t
 & fai?ful s]vant1 ,francois ,burn5s1   
devot$ 8 entire life to ! /udy ( ! bee4 
,9 ! annals ( human suff]+ & human      
triumph !re is no?+ m t\*+1 no lesson m 
admirable1 ?an ! /ory ( ?is pati5t      
collaboration1 :]e9 ! "o :o saw only )  
immat]ial light guid$ ) 8 _s ! eyes &   
h&s ( ! o!r :o _h ! real e>?ly vision2  
:]e he :o1 z we are assur$1 _h nev] ) 8 
own eyes beheld a comb ( honey1 0 yet   
able1 not)/&+ ! veil on 8 dead eyes t   
r5d]$ d\ble ! veil 9 :i* nature enwraps 
all ?+s1 to p5etrate ! pr(\nd secrets ( 
! g5ius t _h made ?is invisible comb2 z 
?\gh to tea* u t no condition 9 life c  

w>rant our ab&on+ our desire & se>* = ! 
tru?4 ,i w n enum]ate all t api>ian     
sci5ce owes to ,hub]2 to /ate :at x does
 n owe 7 ! brief] task4 ,8 ,new         
,obs]vations on ,bees1 ( :i* ! fir/     
volume 0 writt5 9 #aghi1 9 ! =m ( lett]s
 to ,*>les ,bonnet1 ! second n appe>+   
till tw5ty ye>s lat]1 h rema9$ !        
unfail+1 abundant treasure into :i* e   
subsequ5t writ] has dipp$4 ,& ?\gh a few
 mi/akes may be f\nd !re91 a few        
incomplete tru?s2 ?\gh s9ce 8 "t        
consid]able additions h be5 made to !   
micrography & practical culture ( bees1 
! h&l+ ( que5s1 etc41 !re is n a s+le "o
 ( 8 pr9cipal /atem5ts t has be5        
disprov$1 or discov]$ 9 error2 & 9 our  
actual exp]i5ce !y /& unt\*$1 & inde$ at
 its v f\ndation4  #c  ,"s ye>s ( sil5ce
 foll[$ ^! revelations2 b soon a ,g]man 
cl]gyman1 ,dzi]zon1 discov]$            
p>!nog5esis1 i4 e4 ! virg9al p>turition 
( que5s1 & contriv$ ! fir/ hive )       
movable combs1 !reby enabl+ ! bee-keep] 
h5ce=? to take 8 %>e ( ! h>ve/ ( honey1 

)\t be+ =c$ to de/roy 8 be/ colonies & 9
 "o in/ant annihilate ! "w ( an entire  
ye>4 ,?is hive1 /ill v imp]fect1 receiv$
 ma/]ly improvem5t at ! h&s ( ,lang/ro?1
 :o inv5t$ ! movable frame prop]ly s    
call$1 :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ,am]ica )   
extraord9>y success4 ,root1 ,qu9by1     
,dadant1 ,*e%ire1 ,de ,lay5s1 ,c[an1    
,h$don1 ,h[>d1 etc41 add$ /ill fur!r &  
preci\s improvem5t4 ,!n x occurr$ to    
,mehr+ t if bees 7 suppli$ ) combs t _h 
an artificial wax5 f\ndation1 !y w\ld be
 sp>$ ! lab\r ( fa%ion+ ! wax &         
con/ruct+ ! cells1 :i* co/s !m mu* honey
 & ! be/ "p ( _! "t2 he f\nd t ! bees   
accept$ ^! combs mo/ readily1 & adapt$  
!m to _! requirem5ts4  ,major de        
,hrus*ka inv5t$ ! ,honey-,extractor1 :i*
 enables ! honey to be )drawn by        
c5trifugal =ce )\t break+ ! combs1 etc4 
,& ?us1 9 a few ye>s1 ! me?ods (        
apiculture und]w5t a radical *ange4 ,!  
capacity & fruitfulness ( ! hives 7     
trebl$4 ,great & productive api>ies     
arose on e side4 ,an end 0 put to !     

useless de/ruction ( ! mo/ indu/ri\s    
cities1 & to ! odi\s selection ( ! lea/ 
fit :i* 0 its result4 ,man truly became 
! ma/] ( ! bees1 al?\gh furtively1 & )\t
 _! k2 direct+ all ?+s )\t giv+ an ord]1
 receiv+ ob$i5ce b n recognition4 ,= !  
de/9y once impos$ by ! seasons he has   
sub/itut$ 8 w4 ,he repairs ! inju/ice ( 
! ye>1 unites ho/ile republics1 &       
equalises weal?4 ,he re/ricts or augm5ts
 ! bir?s1 regulates ! fecundity ( !     
que51 de?rones h] & in/als ano!r 9 h]   
place1 aft] dext]\sly obta9+ ! reluctant
 cons5t ( a p :o w\ld be madd5$ at ! m]e
 suspicion ( an inconceivable           
int]v5tion4 ,:5 he ?9ks fit1 he w       
peacefully violate ! secret ( ! sacr$   
*amb]s1 & ! elaborate1 tortu\s policy ( 
! palace4 ,he w five or six times 9     
succession deprive ! bees ( ! fruit ( _!
 lab\r1 )\t h>m+ !m1 )\t _! becom+      
disc\rag$ or ev5 impov]i%$4 ,he         
proportions ! /ore-h\ses & gran>ies ( _!
 dwell+s to ! h>ve/ ( fl[]s t ! spr+ is 
spread+ ov] ! dip ( ! hills4 ,he compels

 !m to r$uce ! extravagant numb] ( lov]s
 :o await ! bir? ( ! royal pr9cesses4 ,9
 a ^w he does ) !m :at he w1 he obta9s  
:at he w1 provid$ always t :at he seeks 
be 9 accordance ) _! laws & _! virtues2 
= beyond all ! desires ( ?is /range god 
:o has tak5 possession ( !m1 :o is too  
va/ to be se5 & too ali5 to be und]/ood1
 _! eyes see fur!r ?an ! eyes ( ! god   
himself2 & _! "o ?\ght is !             
accompli%m5t1 ) untir+ sacrifice1 ( !   
my/]i\s duty ( _! race4  #d  ,let u n[1 
hav+ le>n$ f books all t !y _h to tea* u
 ( a v anci5t hi/ory1 leave ! sci5ce    
o!rs h acquir$ & look at ! bees ) our   
own eyes4 ,an h\r sp5t 9 ! mid/ ( !     
api>y w be less in/ructive1 p]haps2 b ! 
?+s we %all see w be inf9itely m        
/imulat+ & m actual4  ,i h n yet =gott5 
! fir/ api>y ,i saw1 :]e ,i le>n$ to    
love ! bees4 ,x 0 _m ye>s ago1 9 a l>ge 
village ( ,dut* ,fl&]s1 ! sweet &       
pleasant c\ntry ^: love = brilliant     
col\r rivals t ( ,zeal& ev51 ! concave  
mirror ( ,holl&2 a c\ntry t gladly      

spreads out be=e u1 z s _m pretty1      
?\ghtful toys1 h] illum9at$ gables1 &   
waggons1 & t[]s2 h] cupbo>ds & clocks t 
gleam at ! end ( ! passage2 h] little   
trees m>%all$ 9 l9e along quays &       
canal-banks1 wait+1 "o almo/ might ?9k1 
= "s quiet1 b5efic5t c]emony2 h] boats &
 h] b>ges ) sculptur$ poops1 h] fl[]-l  
doors & w9d[s1 immaculate dams1 &       
elaborate1 _m-col\r$ drawbridges2 & h]  
little v>ni%$ h\ses1 bright z new       
pott]y1 f :i* bell-%ap$ dames come =?1  
all a-glitt] ) silv] & gold1 to milk !  
c[s 9 ! :ite-h$g$ fields1 or spread !   
l95 on fl[]y lawns1 cut into patt]ns (  
oval & loz5ge1 & mo/ a/\nd+ly gre54  ,to
 ?is spot1 :]e life w\ld seem m re/rict$
 ?an else:]e--if x be possible = life   
inde$ to become re/rict$--a sort ( ag$  
philosoph] _h retir$2 an old man some:at
 ak9 to ,virgil's--       ,man equal to 
k+s1 & approa*+ ! gods2  :]eto          
,lafonta9e might h add$1--       ,&1 l !
 gods1 cont5t & at re/4  ,"h _h he built
 8 refuge1 be+ a little we>y2 n disgu/$1

 = ! l>ge av]sions are unkn[n to ! sage2
 b a little we>y ( int]rogat+ m51 ^:    
answ]s to ! only int]e/+ que/ions "o c  
put conc]n+ nature & h] v]itable laws   
are f> less simple ?an ^? t are giv5 by 
animals & plants4 ,8 happ9ess1 l !      
,scy?ian philosoph]'s1 lay all 9 !      
beauties ( 8 g>d52 & be/-lov$ & visit$  
mo/ (t51 0 ! api>y1 compos$ ( twelve    
domes ( /raw1 "s ( :i* he _h pa9t$ a    
bright p9k1 & "s a cle> yell[1 b mo/ (  
all a t5d] blue2 hav+ notic$1 long be=e 
,sir ,john ,lubbock's demon/rations1 !  
bees' fondness = ?is col\r4  ,^! hives  
/ood aga9/ ! wall ( ! h\se1 9 ! angle   
=m$ by "o ( ^? pleasant & graceful ,dut*
 kit*5s ^: e>!nw>e dress]1 all bright ) 
copp] & t91 reflect$ itself ?r\gh ! op5 
door on to ! peaceful canal4 ,& ! wat]1 
burd5$ ) ^! famili> images b5ea? its    
curta9 ( popl>s1 l$ "o's eyes to a calm 
horizon ( mills & ( mead[s4  ,"h1 z 9   
all places1 ! hives l5t a new mean+ to !
 fl[]s & ! sil5ce1 ! balm ( ! air & !   
rays ( ! sun4 ,"o seem$ to h drawn v ne>

 to ! fe/ival _s ( nature4 ,"o 0 cont5t 
to re/ at ?is radiant crossroad1 :]e !  
a]ial ways conv]ge & divide t ! busy &  
tuneful be>]s ( all c\ntry p]fumes      
unceas+ly travel f dawn unto dusk4 ,"o  
he>d ! musical voice ( ! g>d51 ^:       
lovelie/ h\rs reveal$ _! rejoic+ s\l &  
sang ( _! gladness4 ,"o came hi!r1 to ! 
s*ool ( ! bees1 to be taught !          
preoccupations ( all-p[]ful nature1 !   
h>moni\s concord ( ! ?ree k+doms1 !     
indefatigable organisation ( life1 & !  
lesson ( ard5t & dis9t]e/$ "w2 & ano!r  
lesson too1 ) a moral z good1 t ! h]oic 
work]s taught !re1 & emphasis$1 z x 71 )
 ! fi]y d>ts ( _! myriad w+s1 0 to      
appreciate ! some:at vague sav\r (      
leisure1 to enjoy ! almo/ unspeakable   
delights ( ^? immaculate days t revolv$ 
on !mselves 9 ! fields ( space1 =m+     
m]ely a transp>5t globe1 z void ( memory
 z ! happ9ess )\t alloy4  #e  ,9 ord] to
 foll[1 z simply z possible1 ! life ( ! 
bees ?r\gh ! ye>1 we w take a hive t    
awakes 9 ! spr+ & duly />ts on its      

lab\rs2 & !n we %all meet1 9 _! natural 
ord]1 all ! great episodes1 viz43 !     
=mation & dep>ture ( ! sw>m1 ! f\ndation
 ( ! new city1 ! bir?1 combat & nuptial 
flight ( ! "y que5s1 ! massacre ( !     
males1 & f9ally1 ! return ( ! sleep (   
w9t]4 ,) ea* ( ^! episodes !re w g !    
necess>y explanations z to ! laws1      
habits1 peculi>ities & ev5ts t produce &
 accompany x2 s t1 :5 arriv$ at ! end ( 
! bee's %ort ye>1 :i* ext5ds only f     
,april to ! la/ days ( ,septemb]1 we    
%all h gaz$ ^u all ! my/]ies ( ! palace 
( honey4 ,be=e we op5 x1 !re=e1 & ?r[ a 
g5]al glance ar\nd1 we only ne$ say t ! 
hive is compos$ ( a que51 ! "m ( all h] 
p2 ( ?\s&s ( work]s or neut]s :o are    
incomplete & /]ile females2 & la/ly ( "s
 hundr$s ( males1 f :om "o %all be *os5 
z ! sole & un=tunate consort ( ! que5 t 
! work]s w elect 9 ! future1 aft] ! m or
 less volunt>y dep>ture ( ! reign+ "m4  
#f  ,! fir/ "t t we op5 a hive !re comes
 ov] u an emotion ak9 to t we might feel
 at pr(an+ "s unkn[n object1 *>g$ p]haps

 ) dreadful surprise1 z a tomb4 ,a leg5d
 ( m5ace & p]il /ill cl+s to ! bees4    
,!re is ! di/ressful recollection ( h]  
/+1 :i* produces a pa9 s *>act]i/ic t "o
 kn[s n :]e) to comp>e x2 a k9d (       
de/roy+ dryness1 a flame ( ! des]t ru%+ 
ov] ! w\nd$ limb1 z ?\gh ^! daught]s ( !
 sun _h di/ill$ a dazzl+ poison f _!    
fa!r's angry rays1 9 ord] m effectively 
to def5d ! treasure !y ga!r f 8 b5efic5t
 h\rs4  ,x is true t 7 "s "o :o nei!r   
kn[s nor respects ! cu/oms & "* ( ! bee 
sudd5ly to fl+ op5 ! hive1 x w\ld turn  
at once into a burn+ bu% ( h]oism &     
ang]2 b ! slight am\nt ( skill ne$$ to  
h&le x ) impunity c be mo/ readily      
acquir$4 ,let b a little smoke be deftly
 appli$1 mu* coolness & g5tl5ess be %[n1
 & our well-arm$ work]s w suff] !mselves
 to be despoil$ )\t dream+ ( draw+ _!   
/+4 ,x is n ! fact1 z "s h ma9ta9$1 t ! 
bees recognise _! ma/]2 nor h !y any fe>
 ( man2 b at ! smell ( ! smoke1 at !    
l>ge sl[ ge/ures t trav]se _! dwell+s   
)\t ?reat5+ !m1 !y imag9e t ?is is n !  

attack ( an enemy aga9/ :om def5ce is   
possible1 b t x is a =ce or a natural   
cata/rophe :]eto !y d well to submit4   
,in/ead ( va9ly /ruggl+1 !re=e1 !y d :at
 !y c to safegu>d ! future2 &1 obey+ a  
=esight t = once is 9 error1 !y fly to  
_! res]ves ( honey1 into :i* !y eag]ly  
dip 9 ord] to possess )9 !mselves !     
:]e)al to />t a new city1 imm$iately &  
no matt] :]e1 %\ld ! anci5t "o be       
de/roy$ or !y be compell$ to =sake x4   
#g  ,! fir/ impression ( ! novice be=e  
:om an obs]vation-hive99 is op5$ w be "o
 ( "s disappo9tm5t4 ,he _h be5 told t   
?is little glass case conta9$ an        
unp>allel$ activity1 an inf9ite numb] ( 
wise laws1 & a />tl+ amalgam ( my/]y1   
exp]i5ce1 g5ius1 calculation1 sci5ce1 ( 
v>i\s indu/ries1 ( c]titude & presci5ce1
 ( intellig5t habits & curi\s feel+s &  
virtues4 ,all t he sees is a confus$    
mass ( little r$di% gr\ps1 some:at      
resembl+ roa/$ c(fee-b]ries1 or bun*es (
 rais9s pil$ aga9/ ! glass4 ,!y look m  
dead ?an alive2 _! movem5ts are sl[1    

incoh]5t1 & incompreh5sible4 ,c ^! be ! 
wond]ful drops ( light he _h se5 b a    
mom5t ago1 unceas+ly fla%+ & sp>kl+1 z  
!y d>t$ among ! pe>ls & ! gold ( a ?\s& 
wide-op5 calyces8  ,by obs]vation-hive  
is meant a hive ( glass1 furni%$ ) black
 curta9s or %utt]s4 ,! be/ k9d h only "o
 comb1 ?us p]mitt+ bo? faces to be      
/udi$4 ,^! hives c be plac$ 9 a         
draw+-room1 libr>y1 etc41 )\t           
inconv5i5ce or dang]4 ,! bees t inhabit 
! "o ,i h 9 my /udy 9 ,p>is are able ev5
 9 ! /ony des]t ( t great city1 to f9d !
 :]e)al to n\ri% !mselves & to prosp]4  
,!y appe> to be %iv]+ 9 ! d>kness1 to be
 numb$1 suffocat$1 s closely are !y     
huddl$ toge!r2 "o might fancy !y 7 ail+ 
captives1 or que5s de?ron$1 :o h _h _!  
"o mom5t ( glory 9 ! mid/ ( _! radiant  
g>d51 & are n[ compell$ to return to !  
%ameful squalor ( _! poor ov]cr[d$ home4
  ,x is ) !m z ) all t is deeply real2  
!y mu/ be /udi$1 & "o mu/ le>n h[ to    
/udy !m4 ,! inhabitant ( ano!r planet :o
 %\ld see m5 & wom5 com+ & go+ almo/    

imp]ceptibly ?r\gh our /reets1 cr[d+ at 
c]ta9 times ar\nd c]ta9 build+s1 or     
wait+ = "o kn[s n :at1 )\t app>5t       
movem5t1 9 ! dep?s ( _! dwell+s1 might  
conclude !refrom t !y1 too1 7 mis]able &
 in]t4 ,x takes "t to di/+ui% ! manifold
 activity conta9$ 9 ?is in]tia4  ,&     
inde$ e "o ( ! little almo/ motionless  
gr\ps 9 ! hive is incessantly work+1 ea*
 at a diff]5t trade4 ,repose is unkn[n  
to any2 & su*1 = in/ance1 z seem ! mo/  
torpid1 z !y hang 9 dead clu/]s aga9/ ! 
glass1 are intru/$ ) ! mo/ my/]i\s &    
fatigu+ task ( all3 x is !y :o secrete &
 =m ! wax4 ,b ! details ( ?is univ]sal  
activity w be giv5 9 _! place4 ,= !     
mom5t we ne$ only call att5tion to !    
ess5tial trait 9 ! nature ( ! bee :i*   
acc\nts = ! extraord9>y agglom]ation ( !
 v>i\s work]s4 ,! bee is above all1 &   
ev5 to a great] ext5t ?an ! ant1 a      
creature ( ! cr[d4 ,%e c live only 9 !  
mid/ ( a multitude4 ,:5 %e leaves !     
hive1 :i* is s d5sely pack$ t %e has to 
=ce h] way ) bl[s ( h] head ?r\gh ! liv+

 walls t enclose h]1 %e dep>ts f h]     
prop] elem5t4 ,%e w dive = an in/ant    
into fl[]-fill$ space1 z ! swimm] w dive
 into ! sea t is fill$ ) pe>ls1 b "u pa9
 ( dea? x behoves h] at regul> int]vals 
to return & brea! ! cr[d z ! swimm] mu/ 
return & brea! ! air4 ,isolate h]1 &    
h[ev] abundant ! food or fav\rable !    
temp]ature1 %e w expire 9 a few days n (
 hung] or cold1 b ( lonel9ess4 ,f !     
cr[d1 f ! city1 %e d]ives an invisible  
alim5t t is z necess>y to h] z honey4   
,?is crav+ w help to expla9 ! _s ( !    
laws ( ! hive4 ,= 9 !m ! individual is  
no?+1 h] exi/5ce conditional only1 &    
h]self1 = "o indiff]5t mom5t1 a w+$     
organ ( ! race4 ,h] :ole life is an     
entire sacrifice to ! manifold1 ev]la/+ 
be+ :]e( %e =ms "p4 ,x is /range to note
 t x 0 n always s4 ,we f9d ev5 to-day1  
among ! mellif]\s hym5opt]a1 all ! /ages
 ( progressive civilisation ( our own   
dome/ic bee4 ,at ! bottom ( ! scale we  
f9d h] work+ alone1 9 wret*$ness1 (t5 n 
see+ h] (fspr+ 7! ,prosopis1 !          

,colletes1 etc472 sometimes liv+ 9 !    
mid/ ( ! limit$ family t %e produces    
annually 7z 9 ! case ( ! humble-bee74   
,!n %e =ms tempor>y associations 7!     
,panurgi1 ! ,dasypodoe1 ! ,hacliti1     
etc47 & at la/ we arrive1 ?r\gh         
successive /ages1 at ! almo/ p]fect b   
pitiless society ( our hives1 :]e !     
individual is entirely m]g$ 9 !         
republic1 & ! republic 9 its turn       
inv>iably sacrific$ to ! ab/ract &      
immortal city ( ! future4  #h  ,let u n 
too ha/ily d$uce f ^! facts conclusions 
t apply to man4 ,he possesses ! p[] (   
)/&+ c]ta9 ( nature's laws2 & to "k :e!r
 su* resi/ance be "r or wrong is !      
grave/ & obscure/ po9t 9 8 morality4 ,b 
x is deeply int]e/+ to discov] :at ! w (
 nature may be 9 a diff]5t _w2 & ?is w  
is reveal$ ) extraord9>y cle>ness 9 !   
evolution ( ! hym5opt]a1 :i*1 ( all !   
inhabitants ( ?is globe1 possess !      
highe/ degree ( intellect aft] t ( man4 
,! aim ( nature is manife/ly !          
improvem5t ( ! race2 b no less manife/  

is h] inability1 or refusal1 to obta9   
su* improvem5t except at ! co/ ( !      
lib]ty1 ! rights1 & ! happ9ess ( !      
individual4 ,9 proportion z a society   
organises itself1 & rises 9 ! scale1 s  
does a %r9kage ent] ! private life ( ea*
 "o ( its memb]s4 ,:]e !re is progress1 
x is ! result only ( a m & m complete   
sacrifice ( ! individual to ! g5]al     
int]e/4 ,ea* "o is compell$1 fir/ ( all1
 to r5\nce 8 vices1 :i* are acts (      
indep5d5ce4 ,= in/ance1 at ! la/ /age b 
"o ( api>ian civilisation1 we f9d !     
humble-bees1 :i* are l our cannibals4 ,!
 adult work]s are incessantly hov]+     
ar\nd ! eggs1 :i* !y seek to dev\r1 & ! 
"m has to display ! utmo/ /ubbornness 9 
_! def5ce4 ,!n hav+ fre$ himself f 8 mo/
 dang]\s vices1 ea* individual has to   
acquire a c]ta9 numb] ( m & m pa9ful    
virtues4 ,among ! humble-bees1 =        
in/ance1 ! work]s d n dream ( r5\nc+    
love1 :]eas our dome/ic bee lives 9 a   
/ate ( p]petual *a/ity4 ,& inde$ we soon
 %all %[ h[ mu* m %e has to ab&on1 9    

ex*ange = ! com=t & security ( ! hive1 =
 its ar*itectural1 economic1 & political
 p]fection2 & we %all return to !       
evolution ( ! hym5opt]a 9 ! *apt] devot$
 to ! progress ( ! species4     ,,ii -- 
,,! ,,sw>m  #i  ,,we w n[1 s z to draw m
 closely to nature1 consid] ! diff]5t   
episodes ( ! sw>m z !y come to pass 9 an
 ord9>y hive1 :i* is t5 or tw5ty times m
 popul\s ?an an obs]vation "o1 & leaves 
! bees entirely free & untrammell$4     
,"h1 !n1 !y h %ak5 (f ! torpor ( w9t]4  
,! que5 />t$ lay+ aga9 9 ! v fir/ days (
 ,febru>y1 & ! work]s h flock$ to !     
will[s & nut-trees1 gorse & violets1    
anemones & lungworts4 ,!n spr+ invades !
 e>?1 & cell> & /ream ) honey & poll51  
:ile ea* day beholds ! bir? ( ?\s&s (   
bees4 ,! ov]gr[n males n[ all sally =? f
 _! cells1 & disport !mselves on !      
combs2 & s cr[d$ does ! too prosp]\s    
city become t hundr$s ( belat$ work]s1  
com+ back f ! fl[]s t[>ds ev5+1 w va9ly 
seek %elt] )91 & w be =c$ to sp5d !     
night on ! ?re%old1 :]e !y w be decimat$

 by ! cold4 ,re/lessness seizes ! p1 & !
 old que5 beg9s to /ir4 ,%e feels t a   
new de/9y is be+ prep>$4 ,%e has        
religi\sly fulfill$ h] duty z a good    
creatress2 & f ?is duty done !re result 
only tribulation & sorr[4 ,an inv9cible 
p[] m5aces h] tranquillity2 %e w soon be
 =c$ to quit ?is city ( h]s1 :]e %e has 
reign$4 ,b ?is city is h] "w1 x is %e1  
h]self4 ,%e is n its que5 9 ! s5se 9 :i*
 m5 use ! ^w4 ,%e issues no ord]s2 %e   
obeys1 z meekly z ! humble/ ( h]        
subjects1 ! mask$ p[]1 sov]eignly wise1 
t = ! pres5t1 & till we attempt to      
locate x1 we w t]m ! _s ( ! hive4 ,b %e 
is ! unique organ ( love2 %e is ! "m ( !
 city4 ,%e f\nd$ x amid unc]ta9ty &     
pov]ty4 ,%e has peopl$ x ) h] own       
sub/ance2 & all :o move )9 its          
walls--work]s1 males1 l>vae1 nymphs1 & !
 "y pr9cesses ^: approa*+ bir? w ha/5 h]
 own dep>ture1 "o ( !m be+ already      
design$ z h] successor by ! _s ( !      
hive--all ^! h issu$ f h] flanks4  #aj  
,:at is ?is _s ( ! hive--:]e does x     

reside8 ,x is n l ! special in/9ct t    
tea*es ! bird to con/ruct its well      
plann$ ne/1 & !n seek o!r skies :5 ! day
 = migration returns4 ,nor is x a k9d ( 
me*anical habit ( ! race1 or bl9d crav+ 
= life1 t w fl+ ! bees ^u any wild haz>d
 ! mom5t an un=ese5 ev5t %all d]ange !  
accu/om$ ord] ( ph5om5a4 ,on ! contr>y1 
be ! ev5t nev] s ma/]ful1 ! _s ( ! hive 
/ill w foll[ x1 /ep by /ep1 l an al]t & 
quickwitt$ slave1 :o is able to d]ive   
advantage ev5 f 8 ma/]'s mo/ dang]\s    
ord]s4  ,x disposes pitilessly ( ! weal?
 & ! happ9ess1 ! lib]ty & life1 ( all   
?is w+$ p2 & yet ) discretion1 z ?\gh   
gov]n$ itself by "s great duty4 ,x      
regulates day by day ! numb] ( bir?s1 & 
contrives t ^! %all /rictly accord ) !  
numb] ( fl[]s t bright5 ! c\ntry-side4  
,x decrees ! que5's deposition or w>ns  
h] t %e mu/ dep>t2 x compels h] to br+  
h] own rivals into ! _w1 & re>s !m      
royally1 protect+ !m f _! "m's political
 hatr$4 ,s1 too1 9 accordance ) !       
g5]osity ( ! fl[]s1 ! age ( ! spr+1 & ! 

probable dang]s ( ! nuptial flight1 w x 
p]mit or =bid ! fir/-born ( ! virg9     
pr9cesses to slay 9 _! cradles h] y\ng] 
si/]s1 :o are s++ ! song ( ! que5s4 ,at 
o!r times1 :5 ! season wanes1 & fl[]y   
h\rs gr[ %ort]1 x w comm& ! work]s      
!mselves to slaught] ! :ole imp]ial     
brood1 t ! era ( revolutions may close1 
& "w become ! sole object ( all4 ,! _s (
 ! hive is prud5t & ?rifty1 b by no     
means p>simoni\s4 ,& ?us1 aw>e1 x w\ld  
seem1 t nature's laws are some:at wild &
 extravagant 9 all t p]ta9s to love1 x  
tol]ates1 dur+ summ] days ( abundance1 !
 emb>rass+ pres5ce 9 ! hive ( ?ree or   
f\r hundr$ males1 f ^: ranks ! que5 ab\t
 to be born %all select h] lov]2 ?ree or
 f\r hundr$ fooli%1 clumsy1 useless1    
noisy creatures1 :o are pret5ti\s1      
glutton\s1 dirty1 co>se1 totally &      
sc&al\sly idle1 insatiable1 & enorm\s4  
,b aft] ! que5's impregnation1 :5 fl[]s 
beg9 to close soon]1 & op5 lat]1 ! _s "o
 morn+ w coldly decree ! simultane\s &  
g5]al massacre ( e male4 ,x regulates ! 

work]s' lab\rs1 ) due reg>d to _! age2 x
 allots _! task to ! nurses :o t5d !    
nymphs & ! l>vae1 ! ladies ( hon\r :o   
wait on ! que5 & nev] all[ h] out ( _!  
sight2 ! h\se-bees :o air1 refre%1 or   
heat ! hive by fann+ _! w+s1 & ha/5 !   
evaporation ( ! honey t may be too      
highly *>g$ ) wat]2 ! ar*itects1 masons1
 wax-work]s1 & sculptors :o =m ! *a9 &  
con/ruct ! combs2 ! =ag]s :o sally =? to
 ! fl[]s 9 se>* ( ! nect> t turns into  
honey1 ( ! poll5 t fe$s ! nymphs & !    
l>vae1 ! propolis t welds & /r5g!ns !   
build+s ( ! city1 or ! wat] & salt      
requir$ by ! y\? ( ! nation4 ,its ord]s 
h gone to ! *emi/s :o ensure !          
pres]vation ( ! honey by lett+ a drop ( 
=mic acid fall 9 f ! end ( _! /+2 to !  
capsule-mak]s :o seal d[n ! cells :5 !  
treasure is ripe1 to ! sweep]s :o ma9ta9
 public places & /reets mo/             
irreproa*ably clean1 to ! be>]s ^: duty 
x is to remove ! corpses2 & to ! amazons
 ( ! gu>d :o keep wat* on ! ?re%old by  
night & by day1 "q com]s & go]s1        

recognise ! novices :o return f _! v    
fir/ flight1 sc>e away vagabonds1       
m>aud]s & loit]]s1 expel all intrud]s1  
attack r$\btable foes 9 a body1 &1 if   
ne$ be1 b>ricade ! entrance4  ,f9ally1 x
 is ! _s ( ! hive t fixes ! h\r ( !     
great annual sacrifice to ! g5ius ( !   
race3 ! h\r1 t is1 ( ! sw>m2 :5 we f9d a
 :ole p1 :o h atta9$ ! topmo/ p9nacle ( 
prosp]ity & p[]1 sudd5ly ab&on+ to !    
g5]ation to come _! weal? & _! palaces1 
_! homes & ! fruits ( _! lab\r2 !mselves
 cont5t to enc\nt] ! h>d%ips & p]ils ( a
 new & di/ant c\ntry4 ,?is act1 be x    
consci\s or n1 und\bt$ly passes ! limits
 ( human morality4 ,its result w        
sometimes be ru91 b pov]ty always2 & !  
?rice-happy city is scatt]$ abroad 9    
ob$i5ce to a law sup]ior to its own     
happ9ess4 ,:]e has ?is law be5 decre$1  
:i*1 z we soon %all f9d1 is by no means 
z bl9d & inevitable z "o might believe8 
,:]e1 9 :at assembly1 :at c\ncil1 :at   
intellectual & moral sph]e1 does ?is _s 
reside to :om all mu/ submit1 itself be+

 vassal to an h]oic duty1 to an         
intellig5ce ^: eyes are p]si/5tly fix$  
on ! future8  ,x comes to pass ) ! bees 
z ) mo/ ( ! ?+s 9 ?is _w2 we rem>k "s   
few ( _! habits2 we say !y d ?is1 !y "w 
9 su* & su* fa%ion1 _! que5s are born   
?us1 _! work]s are virg91 !y sw>m at a  
c]ta9 "t4 ,& !n we imag9e we "k !m1 &   
ask no?+ m4 ,we wat* !m ha/5 f fl[] to  
fl[]1 we see ! con/ant agitation )9 !   
hive2 _! life seems v simple to u1 &    
b\nd$1 l e life1 by ! in/9ctive c>es (  
reproduction & n\ri%m5t4 ,b let ! eye   
draw ne>1 & endeav\r to see2 & at once !
 lea/ ph5om5on ( all becomes ov]p[]+ly  
complex2 we are confront$ by ! enigma ( 
intellect1 ( de/9y1 w1 aim1 means1      
causes2 ! incompreh5sible organisation (
 ! mo/ insignificant act ( life4  #aa   
,our hive1 !n1 is prep>+ to sw>m2 mak+  
ready = ! great immolation to ! exact+  
gods ( ! race4 ,9 ob$i5ce to ! ord] ( ! 
_s--an ord] t to u may well seem        
incompreh5sible1 = x is entirely oppos$ 
to all our own in/9cts & feel+s--#fj1jjj

 or #gj1jjj bees out ( ! #hj1jjj or     
#ij1jjj t =m ! :ole population1 w ab&on 
! mat]nal city at ! prescrib$ h\r4 ,!y w
 n leave at a mom5t ( despair2 or des]t1
 ) sudd5 & wild resolve1 a home laid    
wa/e by fam9e1 disease1 or w>4 ,no1 !   
exile has long be5 plann$1 & ! fav\rable
 h\r pati5tly await$4 ,7 ! hive poor1 _h
 x suff]$ f pillage or /orm1 _h mis=tune
 befall5 ! royal family1 ! bees w\ld n  
=sake x4 ,!y leave x only :5 x has      
atta9$ ! apogee ( its prosp]ity2 at a "t
 :51 aft] ! ardu\s lab\rs ( ! spr+1 !   
imm5se palace ( wax has its #abj1jjj    
well-arrang$ cells ov]fl[+ ) new honey1 
& ) ! _m-col\r$ fl\r1 kn[n z bees'      
bread1 on :i* nymphs & l>vae are f$4    
,nev] is ! hive m beautiful ?an on ! eve
 ( its h]oic r5\ncem5t1 9 its unrivall$ 
h\r ( fulle/ abundance & joy2 s]5e = all
 its app>5t excitem5t & fev]i%ness4     
,let u endeav\r to picture x to         
ourselves1 n z x appe>s to ! bees1--= we
 _c tell 9 :at magical1 =midable fa%ion 
?+s may be reflect$ 9 ! #f1jjj or #g1jjj

 facets ( _! lat]al eyes & ! triple     
cyclopean eye on _! br[1--b z x w\ld    
seem to u1 7 we ( _! /ature4 ,f ! height
 ( a dome m colossal ?an t ( ,/4 ,pet]'s
 at ,rome wax5 walls desc5d to ! gr\nd1 
balanc$ 9 ! void & ! d>kness2 gigantic &
 manifold1 v]tical & p>allel geometric  
con/ructions1 to :i*1 = relative        
precision1 audacity1 & va/ness1 no human
 /ructure is comp>able4 ,ea* ( ^! walls1
 ^: sub/ance /ill is immaculate &       
fragrant1 ( virg9al1 silv]y fre%ness1   
conta9s ?\s&s ( cells1 t are /or$ )     
provisions suffici5t to fe$ ! :ole p =  
sev]al weeks4 ,"h1 lodg$ 9 transp>5t    
cells1 are ! poll5s1 love-f]m5t ( e fl[]
 ( spr+1 mak+ brilliant spla%es ( r$ &  
yell[1 ( black & mauve4 ,close by1 9    
tw5ty ?\s& res]voirs1 seal$ ) a seal t  
%all only be brok5 on days ( supreme    
di/ress1 ! honey ( ,april is /or$1 mo/  
limpid & p]fum$ ( all1 wrapp$ r\nd )    
long & magnific5t embroid]y ( gold1 ^:  
bord]s hang /iff & rigid4 ,/ill l[] !   
honey ( ,may matures1 9 great op5 vats1 

by ^: side wat*ful cohorts ma9ta9 an    
incessant curr5t ( air4 ,9 ! c5tre1 & f>
 f ! light ^: diamond rays /eal 9 ?r\gh 
! only op5+1 9 ! w>me/ "p ( ! hive1 !re 
/&s ! abode ( ! future2 "h does x sleep1
 & wake4 ,= ?is is ! royal doma9 ( !    
brood-cells1 set ap>t = ! que5 & h]     
acolytes2 ab\t #aj1jjj cells :]e9 ! eggs
 repose1 #ae1jjj or #af1jjj *amb]s      
t5ant$ by l>vae1 #dj1jjj dwell+s        
inhabit$ by :ite nymphs to :om ?\s&s (  
nurses m9i/]499 ,& f9ally1 9 ! holy (   
holies ( ^! p>tss are ! ?ree1 f\r1 six1 
or twelve seal$ palaces1 va/ 9 size     
comp>$ ) ! o!rs1 :]e ! adolesc5t        
pr9cesses lie :o await _! h\r1 wrapp$ 9 
a k9d ( %r\d1 all ( !m motionless &     
pale1 & f$ 9 ! d>kness4       99,!      
figures giv5 "h are scrupul\sly exact4  
,!y are      ^? ( a well-fill$ hive 9   
full prosp]ity4  ,on ! day1 !n1 t ! ,_s 
( ! ,hive has orda9$1 a c]ta9 "p ( !    
population w g =?1 select$ 9 accordance 
) sure & immovable laws1 & make way =   
hopes t z yet are =mless4 ,9 ! sleep+   

city !re rema9 ! males1 f ^: ranks !    
royal lov] %all come1 ! v "y bees t t5d 
! brood-cells1 & "s ?\s&s ( work]s :o   
cont9ue to =age abroad1 to gu>d !       
accumulat$ treasure1 & pres]ve ! moral  
traditions ( ! hive4 ,= ea* hive has its
 own code ( morals4 ,!re are "s t are v 
virtu\s & "s t are v p]v]se2 & a c>eless
 bee-keep] w (t5 corrupt 8 p1 de/roy _! 
respect = ! prop]ty ( o!rs1 incite !m to
 pillage1 & induce 9 !m habits ( conque/
 & idl5ess :i* w r5d] !m s\rces ( dang] 
to all ! little republics ar\nd4 ,^! ?+s
 result f ! bee's discov]y t "w among   
di/ant fl[]s1 :]e( _m hundr$s mu/ be    
visit$ to =m "o drop ( honey1 is n !    
only or prompte/ me?od ( acquir+ weal?1 
b t x is easi] to ent] ill-gu>d$ cities 
by /ratagem1 or =ce h] way into o!rs too
 weak = self-def5ce4 ,nor is x easy to  
re/ore to ! pa?s ( duty a hive t has    
become ?us deprav$4  #ac  ,all ?+s g to 
prove t x is n ! que51 b ! _s ( ! hive1 
t decides on ! sw>m4 ,) ?is que5 ( ours 
x happ5s z ) _m a *ief among m51 :o ?\gh

 he appe> to give ord]s1 is himself     
oblig$ to obey comm&s f> m my/]i\s1 f> m
 inexplicable1 ?an ^? he issues to 8    
subord9ates4 ,! h\r once fix$1 ! _s w   
probably let x be kn[n at break ( dawn1 
or ! previ\s night1 if inde$ n two      
nights be=e2 = sc>cely has ! sun drunk 9
 ! fir/ drops ( dew :5 a mo/ unaccu/om$ 
/ir1 ^: mean+ ! bee-keep] r>ely w fail  
to grasp1 is to be notic$ )9 & ar\nd !  
buzz+ city4 ,at times "o w\ld almo/     
appe> to detect a sign ( dispute1       
hesitation1 recoil4 ,x w happ5 ev5 t =  
day aft] day a /range emotion1 app>5tly 
)\t cause1 w appe> & vani% 9 ?is        
transp>5t1 gold5 ?rong4 ,has a cl\d t we
 _c see crept across ! sky t ! bees are 
wat*+2 or is _! intellect battl+ ) a new
 regret8 ,does a w+$ c\ncil debate !    
necessity ( ! dep>ture8 ,( ?is we "k    
no?+2 z we "k no?+ ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! _s 
conveys its resolution to ! cr[d4 ,c]ta9
 z x may seem t ! bees communicate ) ea*
 o!r1 we "k n :e!r ?is be done 9 human  
fa%ion4 ,x is possible ev5 t _! own     

refra9 may be inaudible to !m3 ! murmur 
t comes to u heavily lad5 ) p]fume (    
honey1 ! ec/atic :isp] ( faire/ summ]   
days t ! bee-keep] loves s well1 !      
fe/ival song ( lab\r t rises & falls    
ar\nd ! hive 9 ! cry/al ( ! h\r1 & might
 almo/ be ! *ant ( ! eag] fl[]s1 hymn ( 
_! gladness & e*o ( _! s(t fragrance1 ! 
voice ( ! :ite c>nations1 ! m>joram1 & !
 ?yme4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 a :ole gamut (     
s\nds t we c di/+ui%1 rang+ f pr(\nd    
delight to m5ace1 di/ress1 & ang]2 !y h 
! ode ( ! que51 ! song ( abundance1 !   
psalms ( grief1 &1 la/ly1 ! long &      
my/]i\s w>-cries ! adolesc5t pr9cesses  
s5d =? dur+ ! combats & massacres t     
prec$e ! nuptial flight4 ,may ?is be a  
=tuit\s music t fails to atta9 _! inw>d 
sil5ce8 ,9 any ev5t !y seem n ! lea/    
di/urb$ at ! noises we make ne> ! hive2 
b !y reg>d ^! p]haps z n ( _! _w1 &     
possess$ ( no int]e/ = !m4 ,x is        
possible t we on our side he> only a    
fractional "p ( ! s\nds t ! bees        
produce1 & t !y h _m h>monies to :i* our

 e>s are n attun$4 ,we soon %all see )  
:at />tl+ rapidity !y are able to und]/&
 ea* o!r1 & adopt conc]t$ measures1 :51 
= in/ance1 ! great honey ?ief1 ! huge   
sph9x atropos1 ! s9i/] butt]fly t be>s a
 dea?'s head on its back1 p5etrates into
 ! hive1 humm+ its own /range note1 :i* 
acts z a k9d ( irresi/ible incantation2 
! news spreads quickly f gr\p to gr\p1 &
 f ! gu>ds at ! ?re%old to ! work]s on !
 fur!/ combs1 ! :ole population quiv]s4 
#ad  ,x 0 = a long "t believ$ t :5 ^!   
wise bees1 g5]ally s prud5t1 s f>-sight$
 & economical1 ab&on$ ! treasures ( _!  
k+dom & flung !mselves ^u ! unc]ta9ties 
( life1 !y 7 yield+ to a k9d (          
irresi/ible folly1 a me*anical impulse1 
a law ( ! species1 a decree ( nature1 or
 to ! =ce t = all creatures lies hidd5 9
 ! revolution ( "t4 ,x is our habit1 9 !
 case ( ! bees no less ?an our own1 to  
reg>d z fatality all t we d n z yet     
und]/&4 ,b n[ t ! hive has surr5d]$ two 
or ?ree ( its mat]ial secrets1 we h     
discov]$ t ?is exodus is nei!r in/9ctive

 nor inevitable4 ,x is n a bl9d         
emigration1 b app>5tly ! well-consid]$  
sacrifice ( ! pres5t g5]ation 9 fav\r ( 
! g5]ation to come4 ,! bee-keep] has    
only to de/roy 9 _! cells ! "y que5s t  
/ill are in]t1 &1 at ! same "t1 if      
nymphs & l>vae ab\nd1 to enl>ge !       
/ore-h\ses & dormitories ( ! nation1 =  
?is unpr(itable tumult in/antane\sly to 
subside1 = "w to be at once resum$1 & ! 
fl[]s revisit$2 :ile ! old que51 :o n[  
is ess5tial aga91 ) no successor to hope
 =1 or p]haps to fe>1 w r5\nce = ?is ye>
 h] desire = ! light ( ! sun4 ,reassur$ 
z to ! future ( ! activity t w soon spr+
 into life1 %e w tranquilly resume h]   
mat]nal lab\rs1 :i* consi/ 9 ! lay+ (   
two or ?ree ?\s& eggs a day1 z %e       
passes1 9 a me?odical spiral1 f cell to 
cell1 omitt+ none1 & nev] paus+ to re/4 
,:]e is ! fatality "h1 save 9 ! love ( !
 race ( to-day = ! race ( to-morr[8 ,?is
 fatality exi/s 9 ! human species also1 
b its ext5t & p[] seem inf9itely less4  
,among m5 x nev] gives rise to          

sacrifices z great1 z unanim\s1 or z    
complete4 ,:at f>-see+ fatality1 tak+ ! 
place ( ?is "o1 d we ourselves obey8 ,we
 "k n2 z we "k n ! be+ :o wat*es u z we 
wat* ! bees4  ,b ! hive t we h select$  
is di/urb$ 9 its hi/ory by no int]f]5ce 
( man2 & z ! beautiful day advances )   
radiant & tranquil /eps b5ea? ! trees1  
its ard\r1 /ill ba!d 9 dew1 makes !     
appo9t$ h\r seem lagg>d4 ,ov] ! :ole    
surface ( ! gold5 corridors t divide !  
p>allel walls ! work]s are busily mak+  
prep>ation = ! j\rney4 ,& ea* "o w fir/ 
( all burd5 h]self ) provision ( honey  
suffici5t = five or six days4 ,f ?is    
honey t !y be> )9 !m !y w di/il1 by a   
*emical process /ill unexpla9$1 ! wax   
requir$ = ! imm$iate con/ruction (      
build+s4 ,!y w provide !mselves also ) a
 c]ta9 am\nt ( propolis1 a k9d ( res9 ) 
:i* !y w seal all ! crevices 9 ! new    
dwell+1 /r5g!n weak places1 v>ni% !     
walls1 & exclude ! light2 = ! bees love 
to "w 9 almo/ total obscurity1 guid+    
!mselves ) _! _m-facet$ eyes1 or ) _!   

ant5nae p]haps1 ! seat1 x w\ld seem1 (  
an unkn[n s5se t fa?oms & measures !    
d>kness4  #af  ,!y are n )\t presci5ce1 
!re=e1 ( :at is to befall !m on ?is !   
mo/ dang]\s day ( all _! exi/5ce4       
,absorb$ by ! c>es1 ! prodigi\s p]ils ( 
?is mighty adv5ture1 !y w h no "t n[ to 
visit ! g>d5s & mead[s2 & to-morr[1 &   
aft] tomorr[1 x may happ5 t ra9 may     
fall1 or !re may be w9d2 t _! w+s may be
 froz5 or ! fl[]s refuse to op54 ,fam9e 
& dea? w\ld await !m 7 x n = ?is =esight
 ( !irs4 ,none w\ld come to _! help1 nor
 w\ld !y seek help ( any4 ,= "o city    
kn[s n ! o!r1 & assi/ance nev] is giv54 
,& ev5 ?\gh ! bee-keep] deposit ! hive1 
9 :i* he has ga!r$ ! old que5 & h]      
att5dant clu/] ( bees1 by ! side ( !    
abode !y h b ?is mom5t quitt$1 !y w\ld  
seem1 be ! disa/] nev] s great t %all n[
 h befall5 !m1 to h :olly =gott5 ! peace
 & ! happy activity t once !y _h kn[n   
!re1 ! abundant weal? & ! safety t _h !n
 be5 _! portion2 & all1 "o by "o1 & d[n 
to ! la/ ( !m1 w p]i% ( hung] & cold    

ar\nd _! un=tunate que5 r ?an return to 
! home ( _! bir?1 ^: sweet od\r ( pl5ty1
 ! fragrance1 inde$1 ( _! own pa/       
assidu\s lab\r1 rea*es !m ev5 9 _!      
di/ress4  #ag  ,t is a ?+1 "s w say1 t  
m5 w\ld n d1--a pro( t ! bee1 not)/&+ ! 
m>vels ( its organisation1 /ill is lack+
 9 intellect & v]itable consci\sness4   
,is ?is s c]ta98 ,o!r be+s1 surely1 may 
possess an intellect t diff]s f ours1 & 
produces diff]5t results1 )\t !re=e be+ 
inf]ior4 ,& besides1 are we1 ev5 9 ?is  
little human p>i% ( ours1 su* infallible
 judges ( matt]s t p]ta9 to ! _s8 ,c we 
s readily div9e ! ?\ghts t may gov]n !  
two or ?ree p we may *ance to see mov+ &
 talk+ beh9d a clos$ w9d[1 :5 _! words d
 n rea* u8 ,or let u suppose t an       
inhabitant ( ,v5us or ,m>s 7 to         
contemplate u f ! height ( a m\nta91 &  
wat* ! little black specks t we =m 9    
space1 z we come & g 9 ! /reets & squ>es
 ( our t[ns4 ,w\ld ! m]e sight ( our    
movem5ts1 our build+s1 ma*9es1 & canals1
 convey to him any precise idea ( our   

morality1 intellect1 our mann] ( ?9k+1 &
 lov+1 & hop+1--9 a ^w1 ( our real &    
intimate self8 ,all he c\ld d1 l        
ourselves :5 we gaze at ! hive1 w\ld be 
to take note ( "s facts t seem v        
surpris+2 & f ^! facts to d$uce         
conclusions probably no less errone\s1  
no less unc]ta91 ?an ^? t we *oose to =m
 conc]n+ ! bee4  ,?is mu* at lea/ is    
c]ta92 our little black specks w\ld n   
reveal ! va/ moral direction1 ! wond]ful
 unity1 t are s app>5t 9 ! hive4 ,:i!r d
 !y t5d1 & :at is x !y d8 he w\ld ask1  
aft] ye>s & c5turies ( pati5t wat*+4    
,:at is ! aim ( _! life1 or its pivot8  
,d !y obey "s ,god8 ,i c see no?+ t     
gov]ns _! actions4 ,! little ?+s t "o   
day !y appe> to collect & build up1 !   
next !y de/roy & scatt]4 ,!y come & !y  
g1 !y meet & disp]se1 b "o kn[s n :at x 
is !y seek4 ,9 numb]less cases !        
spectacle !y pres5t is altoge!r         
inexplicable4 ,!re are "s1 = in/ance1   
:o1 z x 71 seem sc>cely to /ir f _!     
place4 ,!y are to be di/+ui%$ by _!     

glossi] coat1 & (t5 too by _! m         
consid]able bulk4 ,!y occupy build+s t5 
or tw5ty times l>g] ?an ord9>y dwell+s1 
& ri*]1 & m +5i\sly fa%ion$4 ,e day !y  
sp5d _m h\rs at _! meals1 :i* sometimes 
inde$ are prolong$ f> into ! night4 ,!y 
appe> to be held 9 extraord9>y hon\r by 
^? :o approa* !m2 m5 come f ! neighb\r+ 
h\ses1 br++ provisions1 & ev5 f ! dep?s 
( ! c\ntry1 lad5 ) pres5ts4 ,"o c only  
assume t ^! p]sons mu/ be indisp5sable  
to ! race1 to :i* !y r5d] ess5tial      
s]vice1 al?\gh our means ( inve/igation 
h n yet enabl$ u to discov] :at !       
precise nature ( ?is s]vice may be4 ,!re
 are o!rs1 aga91 :o are incessantly     
engag$ 9 ! mo/ we>isome lab\r1 :e!r x be
 9 great %$s full ( :eels t =ev] turn   
r\nd & r\nd1 or close by ! %ipp+1 or 9  
obscure hovels1 or on small plots ( e>? 
t f sunrise to sunset !y are con/antly  
delv+ & digg+4 ,we are l$ to believe t  
?is lab\r mu/ be an (f5ce1 & puni%able4 
,= ! p]sons guilty ( x are h\s$ 9 fil?y1
 ru9\s1 squalid cab9s4 ,!y are clo!d 9  

"s col\rless hide4 ,s great does _!     
ard\r appe> = ?is noxi\s1 or at any rate
 useless activity1 t !y sc>cely all[    
!mselves "t to eat or to sleep4 ,9      
numb]s !y are to ! o!rs z a ?\s& to "o4 
,x is rem>kable t ! species %\ld h be5  
able to survive to ?is day "u conditions
 s unfav\rable to its developm5t4 ,x    
%\ld be m5tion$1 h[ev]1 t ap>t f ?is    
*>act]i/ic devotion to _! we>isome toil1
 !y appe> in(f5sive & docile2 & satisfi$
 ) ! leav+s ( ^? :o evid5tly are !      
gu>dians1 if n ! savi\rs1 ( ! race4  #ah
  ,is x n /range t ! hive1 :i* we       
vaguely survey f ! height ( ano!r _w1   
%\ld provide our fir/ que/ion+ glance ) 
s sure & pr(\nd a reply8 ,mu/ we n      
admire ! mann] 9 :i* ! ?\ght or ! god t 
! bees obey is at once reveal$ by _!    
edifices1 wr\ght ) su* /rik+ conviction1
 by _! cu/oms & laws1 _! political &    
economical organisation1 _! virtues1 &  
ev5 _! cruelties8 ,nor is ?is god1 ?\gh 
x be p]haps ! only "o to :i* man has z  
yet nev] (f]$ s]i\s wor%ip1 by any means

 ! lea/ reasonable or ! lea/ legitimate 
t we c conceive4 ,! god ( ! bees is !   
future4 ,:5 we1 9 our /udy ( human      
hi/ory1 endeav\r to gauge ! moral =ce or
 greatness ( a p or race1 we h b "o /&>d
 ( measurem5t--! dignity & p]man5ce ( _!
 ideal1 & ! abnegation :]e) !y pursue x4
 ,h we (t5 enc\nt]$ an ideal m con=mable
 to ! desires ( ! univ]se1 m widely     
manife/1 m dis9t]e/$ or sublime2 h we   
(t5 discov]$ an abnegation m complete & 
h]oic8  #ai  ,/range little republic1 t1
 = all its logic & gravity1 its matur$  
conviction & prud5ce1 /ill falls victim 
to s va/ & prec>i\s a dream6 ,:o %all   
tell u1 ,o little p t are s pr(\ndly 9  
e>ne/1 t h f$ on ! w>m? & ! light & on  
nature's pure/1 ! s\l ( ! fl[]s1 :]e9   
matt] = once seems to smile1 & put =? x8
 mo/ wi/ful ef=t t[>ds beauty &         
happ9ess1--:o %all tell u :at problems y
 h resolv$1 b we n yet1 :at c]titudes y 
h acquir$ t we /ill h to conqu]8 ,& if y
 h truly resolv$ ^! problems1 & acquir$ 
^! c]titudes1 by ! aid ( "s bl9d &      

primitive impulse & n ?r\gh ! intellect1
 !n to :at enigma1 m insoluble /ill1 are
 y n urg+ u on8 ,little city ab\nd+ 9   
fai? & my/]y & hope1 :y d y\r myriad    
virg9s cons5t to a task t no human slave
 has ev] accept$8 ,ano!r spr+ might be  
!irs1 ano!r summ]1 7 !y only a little   
less wa/eful ( /r5g?1 a little less     
self-=getful 9 _! ard\r = toil2 b at !  
magnific5t mom5t :5 ! fl[]s all cry to  
!m1 !y seem to be /rick5 ) ! fatal      
ec/asy ( "w2 & 9 less ?an five weeks !y 
almo/ all p]i%1 _! w+s brok51 _! bodies 
%rivell$ & cov]$ ) w\nds4      ,tantus  
amor florum1 et g5]&i gloria mellis6    
cries ,virgil 9 ! f\r? book ( !         
,georgics1 :]e9 he devotes himself to ! 
bees1 & h&s d[n to u ! *>m+ errors ( !  
anci5ts1 :o look$ on nature ) eyes /ill 
dazzl$ by ! pres5ce ( imag9>y gods4  #bj
  ,:y d !y ?us r5\nce sleep1 ! delights 
( honey & love1 & ! exquisite leisure   
enjoy$1 = in/ance1 by _! w+$ bro!r1 !   
butt]fly8 ,:y w !y n live z he lives8 ,x
 is n hung] t urges !m on4 ,two or ?ree 

fl[]s suffice = _! n\ri%m5t1 & 9 "o h\r 
!y w visit two or ?ree hundr$1 to       
collect a treasure ^: sweetness !y nev] 
w ta/e4 ,:y all ?is toil & di/ress1 &   
:5ce comes ?is mighty assurance8 ,is x s
 c]ta91 !n1 t ! new g5]ation :]eunto y  
(f] y\r lives w m]it ! sacrifice2 w be m
 beautiful1 happi]1 w d some?+ y h n    
done8 ,y\r aim is cle> to u1 cle>] f>   
?an our own2 y desire to live1 z long z 
! _w itself1 9 ^? t come aft]2 b :at c !
 aim be ( ?is great aim2 :at ! mission (
 ?is exi/5ce et]nally r5ew$8  ,& yet may
 x n be t ^! que/ions are idle1 & we :o 
are putt+ !m to y m]e *ildi% dream]s1   
h$g$ r\nd ) error & d\bt8 ,&1 inde$1 _h 
successive evolutions in/all$ y         
all-p[]ful & supremely happy2 _h y ga9$ 
! la/ heights1 :5ce at l5g? y rul$ ov]  
nature's laws2 nay1 7 y immortal        
goddesses1 we /ill %\ld be ask+ y :at   
y\r desires might be1 y\r ideas (       
progress2 /ill wond]+ :]e y imag9$ t at 
la/ y w\ld re/ & decl>e y\r wi%es       
fulfill$4 ,we are s made t no?+ cont5ts 

u2 t we c reg>d no s+le ?+ z hav+ its   
aim self-conta9$1 z simply exi/+1 ) no  
?\ght beyond exi/5ce4 ,has !re be51 to  
?is day1 "o god out ( all ! multitude   
man has conceiv$1 f ! vulg>e/ to ! mo/  
?\ghtful1 ( :om x has n be5 requir$ t he
 %all be active & /irr+1 t he %all      
create c\ntless be+s & ?+s1 & h myriad  
aims outside himself8 ,& w ! "t ev] come
 :5 we %all be resign$ = a few h\rs     
tranquilly to repres5t 9 ?is _w an      
int]e/+ =m ( mat]ial activity2 & !n1 our
 few h\rs ov]1 to assume1 )\t surprise &
 )\t regret1 t o!r =m :i* is !          
unconsci\s1 ! unkn[n1 ! slumb]+1 & !    
et]nal8  #ba  ,b we are =gett+ ! hive   
:]e9 ! sw>m+ bees h begun to lose       
pati5ce1 ! hive ^: black & vibrat+ waves
 are bubbl+ & ov]fl[+1 l a braz5 cup    
b5ea? an ard5t sun4 ,x is noon2 & ! heat
 s great t ! assembl$ trees w\ld seem   
almo/ to hold back _! leaves1 z a man   
holds 8 brea? be=e some?+ v t5d] b v    
grave4 ,! bees give _! honey &          
sweet-smell+ wax to ! man :o att5ds !m2 

b m preci\s gift /ill is _! summon+ him 
to ! gladness ( ,june1 to ! joy ( !     
beautiful mon?s2 = ev5ts 9 :i* bees take
 "p happ5 only :5 skies are pure1 at !  
w9some h\rs ( ! ye> :5 fl[]s keep       
holiday4 ,!y are ! s\l ( ! summ]1 !     
clock ^: dial records ! mom5ts ( pl5ty2 
!y are ! untir+ w+ on :i* delicate      
p]fumes float2 ! guide ( ! quiv]+       
light-ray1 ! song ( ! slumb]\s1 languid 
air2 & _! flight is ! tok51 ! sure &    
melodi\s note1 ( all ! myriad fragile   
joys t are born 9 ! heat & dwell 9 !    
sun%9e4 ,!y tea* u to tune our e> to !  
s(te/1 mo/ intimate :isp] ( ^! good1    
natural h\rs4 ,to him :o has kn[n !m &  
lov$ !m1 a summ] :]e !re are no bees    
becomes z sad & z empty z "o )\t fl[]s  
or birds4  #bb  ,! man :o nev] be=e has 
beheld ! sw>m ( a popul\s hive mu/ reg>d
 ?is riot\s1 bewild]+ spectacle ) "s    
appreh5sion & diffid5ce4 ,he w be almo/ 
afraid to draw ne>2 he w wond] c ^! be !
 e>ne/1 ! peace-lov+1 h>d-work+ bees ^: 
movem5ts he has hi!rto foll[$8 ,x 0 b a 

few mom5ts be=e he _h se5 !m troop 9 f  
all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 z pre-occupi$1     
seem+ly1 z little h\sewives might be1 ) 
no ?\ghts beyond h\sehold c>es4 ,he _h  
wat*$ !m /ream into ! hive1 imp]ceptibly
 almo/1 out ( brea?1 eag]1 exhau/$1 full
 ( discreet agitation2 & _h se5 ! "y    
amazons /ation$ at ! gate salute !m1 z  
!y pass$ by1 ) ! slighte/ wave (        
ant5nae4 ,& !n1 ! inn] c\rt rea*$1 !y _h
 hurri$ly giv5 _! h>ve/ ( honey to !    
adolesc5t portresses always /ation$ )91 
ex*ang+ ) ^! at mo/ ! ?ree or f\r       
probably indisp5sable words2 or p]haps  
!y w\ld ha/5 !mselves to ! va/ magaz9es 
t encircle ! brood-cells1 & deposit !   
two heavy baskets ( poll5 t dep5d f _!  
?ighs1 !reupon at once go+ =? once m1   
)\t giv+ a ?\ght to :at might be pass+ 9
 ! royal palace1 ! "w-rooms1 or !       
dormitory :]e ! nymphs lie asleep2 )\t =
 "o in/ant jo9+ 9 ! babel ( ! public    
place 9 front ( ! gate1 :]e x is ! wont 
( ! clean]s1 at "t ( great heat1 to     
congregate & to gossip4  #bc  ,to-day   

?is is all *ang$4 ,a c]ta9 numb] (      
work]s1 x is true1 w peacefully g to !  
fields1 z ?\gh no?+ 7 happ5+2 w come    
back1 clean ! hive1 att5d to !          
brood-cells1 & hold altoge!r alo( f !   
g5]al ec/asy4 ,^! are ! ones t w n      
accompany ! que52 !y w rema9 to gu>d !  
old home1 fe$ ! n9e or t5 ?\s& eggs1 !  
eighte5 ?\s& l>vae1 ! ?irty-six ?\s&    
nymphs & sev5 or eight royal pr9cesses1 
t to-day %all all be ab&on$4 ,:y !y h   
be5 s+l$ out = ?is au/]e duty1 by :at   
law1 or by :om1 x is n 9 our p[] to     
div9e4 ,to ?is mission ( !irs !y rema9  
inflexibly1 tranquilly fai?ful2 & ?\gh  
,i h _m times tri$ ! exp]im5t ( spr9kl+ 
a col\r+ matt] ov] "o ( ^! resign$      
,c9d]ellas1 t are moreov] easily to be  
di/+ui%$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! rejoic+ cr[ds by  
_! s]i\s & some:at pond]\s gait1 x is   
r>ely inde$ t ,i h f\nd "o ( !m 9 !     
deliri\s ?rong ( ! sw>m4  ,& yet1 !     
attraction mu/ seem irresi/ible4 ,x is !
 ec/asy ( ! p]haps unconsci\s sacrifice 
! god has orda9$2 x is ! fe/ival (      

honey1 ! triumph ( ! race1 ! victory ( !
 future3 ! "o day ( joy1 ( =getfulness &
 folly2 ! only ,sunday kn[n to ! bees4  
,x w\ld appe> to be also ! solit>y day  
^u :i* all eat _! fill1 & revel1 to     
he>t's cont5t1 9 ! delights ( ! treasure
 !mselves h amass$4 ,x is z ?\gh !y 7   
prison]s to :om fre$om at la/ _h be5    
giv51 :o _h sudd5ly be5 l$ to a l& (    
refre%m5t & pl5ty4 ,!y exult1 !y _c     
conta9 ! joy t is 9 !m4 ,!y come & g    
aimlessly1--!y ^: e movem5t has always  
its precise & useful purpose--!y dep>t &
 return1 sally =? once aga9 to see if ! 
que5 be ready1 to excite _! si/]s1 to   
beguile ! t$ium ( wait+4 ,!y fly mu*    
high] ?an is _! wont1 & ! leaves ( !    
mighty trees r\nd ab\t all quiv]        
responsive4 ,!y h left tr\ble beh9d1 &  
c>e4 ,!y no long] are m$dl+ & fi]ce1    
aggressive1 suspici\s1 untamable1 angry4
 ,man--! unkn[n ma/] ^: sway !y nev]    
ackn[l$ge1 :o c subdue !m only by con=m+
 to _! e law1 to _! habits ( lab\r1 &   
foll[+ /ep by /ep ! pa? t is trac$ 9 _! 

life by an intellect no?+ c ?w>t or turn
 f its purpose1 by a _s ^: aim is always
 ! good ( ! morr[--on ?is day man c     
approa* !m1 c divide ! glitt]+ curta9 !y
 =m z !y fly r\nd & r\nd 9 songful      
circles2 he c take !m up 9 8 h&1 & ga!r 
!m z he w\ld a bun* ( grapes2 = to-day1 
9 _! gladness1 possess+ no?+1 b full (  
fai? 9 ! future1 !y w submit to ev]y?+ &
 injure no "o1 provid$ only !y be n     
sep>at$ f ! que5 :o be>s t future )9 h]4
  #be  ,b ! v]itable signal has n yet   
be5 giv54 ,9 ! hive !re is indescribable
 confusion2 & a disord] ^: mean+ escapes
 u4 ,at ord9>y times ea* bee1 once      
return$ to h] home1 w\ld appe> to =get  
h] possession ( w+s2 & w pursue h]      
active lab\rs1 mak+ sc>cely a movem5t1  
on t p>ticul> spot 9 ! hive t h] special
 duties assign4 ,b to-day !y all seem   
bewit*$2 !y fly 9 d5se circles r\nd &   
r\nd ! poli%$ walls l a liv+ jelly /irr$
 by an invisible h&4 ,! temp]ature )9   
rises rapidly1--to su* a degree1 at     
times1 t ! wax ( ! build+s w s(t51 &    

twi/ out ( %ape4 ,! que51 :o ord9>ily   
nev] w /ir f ! c5tre ( ! comb1 n[ ru%es 
wildly1 9 brea?less excitem5t1 ov] !    
surface ( ! vehem5t cr[d t turn & turn  
on !mselves4 ,is %e ha/5+ _! dep>ture1  
or try+ to delay x8 ,does %e comm&1 or  
haply implore8 ,does ?is prodigi\s      
emotion issue f h]1 or is %e its victim8
 ,su* k z we possess ( ! g5]al psy*ology
 ( ! bee w>rants ! belief t ! sw>m+     
always takes place aga9/ ! old          
sov]eign's w4 ,= inde$ ! ascetic work]s1
 h] daught]s1 reg>d ! que5 above all z !
 organ ( love1 indisp5sable1 c]ta9ly1 & 
sacr$1 b 9 h]self some:at unconsci\s1 & 
(t5 ( feeble m9d4 ,!y treat h] l a "m 9 
h] dotage4 ,_! respect = h]1 _!         
t5d]ness1 is h]oic & b\ndless4 ,! pure/ 
honey1 specially di/ill$ & almo/        
entirely assimilable1 is res]v$ = h] use
 alone4 ,%e has an escort t wat*es ov]  
h] by day & by night1 t facilitates h]  
mat]nal duties & gets ready ! cells :]e9
 ! eggs %all be laid2 %e has lov+       
att5dants :o pet & c>ess h]1 fe$ h] &   

clean h]1 & ev5 absorb h] excrem5t4     
,%\ld ! lea/ accid5t befall h] ! news w 
spread quickly f gr\p to gr\p1 & ! :ole 
population w ru% to & fro 9 l\d         
lam5tation4 ,seize h]1 imprison h]1 take
 h] away f ! hive at a "t :5 ! bees %all
 h no hope ( fill+ h] place1 ow+1 x may 
be1 to h] hav+ left no pr$e/9$          
desc5dants1 or to !re be+ no l>vae less 
?an ?ree days old 7= a special n\ri%m5t 
is capable ( trans=m+ ^! into royal     
nymphs1 su* be+ ! gr& democratic        
pr9ciple ( ! hive1 & a c\nt]poise to !  
pr]ogatives ( mat]nal pr$e/9ation71 &   
!n1 h] loss once kn[n1 aft] two or ?ree 
h\rs1 p]haps1 = ! city is va/2 "w w     
cease 9 almo/ e direction4 ,! "y w no   
long] be c>$ =2 "p ( ! inhabitants w w&]
 9 e direction1 seek+ _! "m1 9 que/ (   
:om o!rs w sally =? f ! hive2 ! work]s  
engag$ 9 con/ruct+ ! comb w fall asund] 
& scatt]1 ! =ag]s no long] w visit !    
fl[]s1 ! gu>d at ! entrance w ab&on _!  
po/2 & =eign m>aud]s1 all ! p>asites (  
honey1 =ev] on ! wat* = opportunities ( 

plund]1 w freely ent] & leave )\t any "o
 giv+ a ?\ght to ! def5ce ( ! treasure t
 has be5 s labori\sly ga!r$4 ,& pov]ty1 
little by little1 w /eal into ! city2 ! 
population w dw9dle2 & ! wret*$         
inhabitants soon w p]i% ( di/ress &     
despair1 ?\gh e fl[] ( summ] bur/ into  
bloom be=e !m4  ,b let ! que5 be re/or$ 
be=e h] loss has become an accompli%$1  
irrem$iable fact1 be=e ! bees h gr[n too
 pr(\ndly demoralis$1--= 9 ?is !y       
resemble m53 a prolong$ regret1 or      
mis=tune1 w impair _! intellect &       
degrade _! "*1--let h] be re/or$ b a few
 h\rs lat]1 & !y w receive h] )         
extraord9>y1 pa!tic welcome4 ,!y w flock
 eag]ly r\nd h]2 excit$ gr\ps w climb   
ov] ea* o!r 9 _! anxiety to draw ne>2 z 
%e passes among !m !y w c>ess h] ) !    
long ant5nae t conta9 s _m organs z yet 
unexpla9$2 !y w pres5t h] ) honey1 &    
escort h] tumultu\sly back to ! royal   
*amb]4 ,& ord] at once is re/or$1 "w    
resum$1 f ! c5tral comb ( ! brood-cells 
to ! fur!/ annex :]e ! surplus honey is 

/or$2 ! =ag]s g =?1 9 long black files1 
to return1 9 less ?an ?ree m9utes       
sometimes1 lad5 ) nect> & poll52 /reets 
are swept1 p>asites & m>aud]s kill$ or  
expell$2 & ! hive soon res\nds ) !      
g5tle1 monoton\s cad5ce ( ! /range hymn 
( rejoic+1 :i* is1 x w\ld seem1 ! hymn (
 ! royal pres5ce4  #bf  ,!re are        
numb]less in/ances ( ! absolute atta*m5t
 & devotion t ! work]s display t[>ds _! 
que54 ,%\ld disa/] befall ! little      
republic2 %\ld ! hive or ! comb         
collapse1 %\ld man prove ignorant1 or   
brutal2 %\ld !y suff] f fam9e1 f cold or
 disease1 & p]i% by ?\s&s1 x w /ill be  
almo/ inv>iably f\nd t ! que5 w be safe 
& alive1 b5ea? ! corpses ( h] fai?ful   
daught]s4 ,= !y w protect h]1 help h] to
 escape2 _! bodies w provide bo? ramp>t 
& %elt]2 = h] w be ! la/ drop ( honey1 !
 :olesome/ food4 ,& be ! disa/] nev] s  
great1 ! city ( virg9s w n lose he>t s  
long z ! que5 be alive4 ,break _! comb  
tw5ty times 9 succession1 take tw5ty    
times f !m _! "y & _! food1 y /ill %all 

nev] succe$ 9 mak+ !m d\bt ( ! future2 &
 ?\gh !y be />v+1 & _! numb] s small t x
 sc>cely suffices to %ield _! "m f !    
enemy's gaze1 !y w set ab\t to          
reorganize ! laws ( ! colony1 & to      
provide = :at is mo/ press+2 !y w       
di/ribute ! "w 9 accordance ) ! new     
necessities ( ?is disa/r\s mom5t1 &     
!reupon w imm$iately re-assume _! lab\rs
 ) an ard\r1 a pati5ce1 a t5acity &     
intellig5ce n (t5 to be f\nd exi/+ to   
su* a degree 9 nature1 true ?\gh x be t 
mo/ ( its creatures display m confid5ce 
& c\rage ?an man4  ,b ! pres5ce ( ! que5
 is n ev5 ess5tial = _! disc\ragem5t to 
vani% & _! love to endure4 ,x is en\gh t
 %e %\ld h left1 at ! mom5t ( h] dea? or
 dep>ture1 ! v sl5d]e/ hope (           
desc5dants4 ,we h se5 a colony1 says    
,lang/ro?1 "o ( ! fa!rs ( mod]n         
apiculture1 t _h n bees suffici5t to    
cov] a comb ( ?ree in*es squ>e1 & yet   
endeav\r$ to re> a que54 ,= two :ole    
weeks did !y *]i% ?is hope2 f9ally1 :5  
_! numb] 0 r$uc$ by "o-half1 _! que5 0  

born1 b h] w+s 7 imp]fect1 & %e 0 unable
 to fly4 ,impot5t z %e 01 h] bees did n 
treat h] ) ! less respect4 ,a week m1 & 
!re rema9$ h>dly a doz5 bees2 yet a few 
days1 & ! que5 _h vani%$1 leav+ a few   
wret*$1 inconsolable insects ^u ! combs4
  ,!re is ano!r in/ance1 & "o t reveals 
mo/ palpably ! ultimate ge/ure ( filial 
love & devotion4 ,x arises f "o ( !     
extraord9>y ordeals t our rec5t &       
tyrannical int]v5tion inflicts on ^!    
hapless1 unfl9*+ h]o9es4 ,i1 9 common ) 
all amateur bee-keep]s1 h m ?an once _h 
impregnat$ que5s s5t me f ,italy2 = !   
,italian species is m prolific1 /rong]1 
m active1 & g5tl] ?an our own4 ,x is !  
cu/om to =w>d !m 9 small1 p]=at$ boxes4 
,9 ^! "s food is plac$1 & ! que5        
enclos$1 toge!r ) a c]ta9 numb] (       
work]s1 select$ z f> z possible f among 
! olde/ bees 9 ! hive4 7,! age ( ! bee c
 be readily told by its body1 :i*       
gradually becomes m poli%$1 ?9n]1 &     
almo/ bald2 & m p>ticul>ly by ! w+s1 :i*
 h>d "w uses & te>s47 ,x is _! mission  

to fe$ ! que5 dur+ ! j\rney1 to t5d h] &
 gu>d h]4 ,i w\ld frequ5tly f9d1 :5 !   
box arriv$1 t ne>ly e "o ( ! work]s 0   
dead4 ,on "o occasion1 inde$1 !y _h all 
p]i%$ ( hung]2 b 9 ?is in/ance z 9 all  
o!rs ! que5 0 alive1 unh>m$1 & full (   
vig\r2 & ! la/ ( h] companions _h       
probably pass$ away 9 ! act ( pres5t+ ! 
la/ drop ( honey %e held 9 h] sac to !  
que51 :o 0 symbol ( a life m preci\s1 m 
va/ ?an h] own4  #bh  ,?is unwav]+      
affection hav+ come "u ! notice ( man1  
he 0 able to turn to 8 own advantage !  
qualities to :i* x gives rise1 or t x   
p]haps conta9s3 ! admirable political   
s5se1 ! passion = "w1 ! p]sev]ance1     
magnanimity1 & devotion to ! future4 ,x 
has all[$ him1 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ few    
ye>s1 to a c]ta9 ext5t to dome/icate ^! 
intractable insects1 ?\gh )\t _! k2 = !y
 yield to no =eign /r5g?1 & 9 _!        
unconsci\s s]vitude obey only ! laws (  
_! own adoption4 ,man may believe1 if he
 *oose1 t1 possess+ ! que51 he holds 9 8
 h& ! de/9y & s\l ( ! hive4 ,9          

accordance ) ! mann] 9 :i* he deals )   
h]--z x 71 plays ) h]--he c increase &  
ha/5 ! sw>m or re/rict & ret>d x2 he c  
unite or divide colonies1 & direct !    
emigration ( k+doms4 ,& yet x is none ! 
less true t ! que5 is ess5tially m]ely a
 sort ( liv+ symbol1 /&+1 z all symbols 
mu/1 = a va/] al?\gh less p]ceptible    
pr9ciple2 & ?is pr9ciple ! api>i/ w d   
well to take into acc\nt1 if he w\ld n  
expose himself to m ?an "o unexpect$    
rev]se4 ,= ! bees are by no means       
delud$4 ,! pres5ce ( ! que5 does n bl9d 
!m to ! exi/5ce ( _! v]itable sov]eign1 
immat]ial & ev]la/+1 :i* is no o!r ?an  
_! fix$ idea4 ,:y inquire z to :e!r ?is 
idea be consci\s or n8 ,su* speculation 
c h value only if our anxiety be to     
det]m9e :e!r we %\ld m rightly admire ! 
bees t h ! idea1 or nature t has plant$ 
x 9 !m4 ,:]ev] x lodge1 9 ! va/         
unkn[able body or 9 ! t9y ones t we see1
 x m]its our deepe/ att5tion2 nor may x 
be out ( place "h to obs]ve t x is !    
habit we h ( subord9at+ our wond] to    

accid5ts ( orig9 or place1 t s (t5      
causes u to lose ! *ance ( deep         
admiration2 :i* ( all ?+s 9 ! _w is !   
mo/ helpful to u4  #bi  ,^! conjectures 
may p]haps be reg>d$ z exce$+ly         
v5turesome1 & possibly also z unduly    
human4 ,x may be urg$ t ! bees1 9 all   
probability1 h no idea ( ! k9d2 t _! c>e
 = ! future1 love ( ! race1 & _m o!r    
feel+s we *oose to ascribe to !m1 are   
truly no m ?an =ms assum$ by !          
necessities ( life1 ! fe> ( suff]+ or   
dea?1 & ! attraction ( pleasure4 ,let x 
be s2 look on x all z a figure ( spee*2 
x is a matt] to :i* ,i atta* no         
importance4 ,! "o ?+ c]ta9 "h1 z x is ! 
"o ?+ c]ta9 9 all o!r cases1 is t1 "u   
special circum/ances1 ! bees w treat _! 
que5 9 a special mann]4 ,! re/ is all   
my/]y1 ar\nd :i* we only c weave m or   
less +5i\s & pleasant conjecture4 ,&    
yet1 7 we speak+ ( man 9 ! mann] :]e9 x 
7 wise p]haps to speak ( ! bee1 is !re v
 mu* m we c\ld say8 ,he too yields only 
to necessity1 ! attraction ( pleasure1 &

 ! fe> ( suff]+2 & :at we call our      
intellect has ! same orig9 & mission z  
:at 9 animals we *oose to t]m in/9ct4   
,we d c]ta9 ?+s1 ^: results we conceive 
to be kn[n to u2 o!r ?+s happ51 & we    
flatt] ourselves t we are bett] equipp$ 
?an animals c be to div9e _! cause2 b1  
ap>t f ! fact t ?is supposition re/s on 
no v solid f\ndation1 ev5ts ( ?is nature
 are r>e & inf9itesimal1 comp>$ ) ! va/ 
mass ( o!rs t elude compreh5sion2 & all1
 ! pettie/ & ! mo/ sublime1 ! be/ kn[n &
 ! mo/ inexplicable1 ! ne>e/ & ! mo/    
di/ant1 come to pass 9 a night s pr(\nd 
t our bl9dness may well be almo/ z great
 z t we suppose 9 ! bee4  #cj  ,all mu/ 
agree1 rem>ks ,buffon1 :o has a some:at 
amus+ prejudice aga9/ ! bee1--all mu/   
agree t ^! flies1 individually consid]$1
 possess f> less g5ius ?an ! dog1 !     
monkey1 or ! majority ( animals2 t !y   
display f> less docility1 atta*m5t1 or  
s5tim5t2 t !y h1 9 a ^w1 less qualities 
t relate to our own2 & f t we may       
conclude t _! app>5t intellig5ce d]ives 

only f _! assembl$ multitude2 nor does  
?is union ev5 argue intellig5ce1 = x is 
gov]n$ by no moral consid]ations1 x be+ 
)\t _! cons5t t !y f9d !mselves ga!r$   
toge!r4 ,?is society1 !re=e1 is no m ?an
 a physical assemblage orda9$ by nature1
 & indep5d5t ei!r ( k1 or reason1 or    
aim4 ,! "m-bee produces t5 ?\s&         
individuals at a "t1 & 9 ! same place2  
^! t5 ?\s& individuals1 7 !y a ?\s&     
times /upid] ?an ,i suppose !m to be1   
w\ld be compell$1 = ! m]e purpose (     
exi/5ce1 to contrive "s =m ( arrangem5t2
 &1 assum+ t !y _h begun by injur+ ea*  
o!r1 !y w\ld1 z ea* "o possesses ! same 
/r5g? z its fell[1 soon h end$ by do+   
ea* o!r ! lea/ possible h>m1 or1 9 o!r  
words1 by r5d]+ assi/ance4 ,!y h !      
appe>ance ( und]/&+ ea* o!r1 & ( work+ =
 a common aim2 & ! obs]v]1 !re=e1 is apt
 to end[ !m ) reasons & intellect t !y  
truly are f> f possess+4 ,he w pret5d to
 acc\nt = ea* action1 %[ a reason beh9d 
e movem5t2 & f !nce ! gradation is easy 
to proclaim+ !m m>vels1 or mon/]s1 (    

innum]able ideas4 ,:]eas ! tru? is t ^! 
t5 ?\s& individuals1 t h be5 produc$    
simultane\sly1 t h liv$ toge!r1 &       
und]gone metamorphosis at m or less !   
same "t1 _c fail all to d ! same ?+1 &  
are compell$1 h[ev] slight ! s5tim5t )9 
!m1 to adopt common habits1 to live 9   
accord & union1 to busy !mselves ) _!   
dwell+1 to return to x aft] _! j\rneys1 
etc41 etc4 ,& on ?is f\ndation arise !  
ar*itecture1 ! geometry1 ! ord]1 !      
=esight1 love ( c\ntry1--9 a ^w1 !      
republic2 all spr++1 z we h se51 f !    
admiration ( ! obs]v]4 ,!re we h our    
bees expla9$ 9 a v diff]5t fa%ion4 ,& if
 x seem m natural at fir/1 is x n = ! v 
simple reason t x really expla9s almo/  
no?+8 ,i w n allude to ! mat]ial errors 
?is *apt] conta9s2 ,i w only ask :e!r ! 
m]e fact ( ! bees accept+ a common      
exi/5ce1 :ile do+ ea* o!r ! lea/        
possible h>m1 does n 9 itself argue a   
c]ta9 intellig5ce4 ,& does n ?is        
intellig5ce appe> ! m rem>kable to u z  
we m closely exam9e ! fa%ion 9 :i* ^! t5

 ?\s& individuals avoid hurt+ ea* o!r1 &
 end by giv+ assi/ance8 ,& fur!r1 is ?is
 n ! hi/ory ( ourselves2 & does n all t 
! angry old naturali/ says apply equally
 to e "o ( our human societies8 ,& yet  
once aga93 if ! bee is inde$ to be      
cr$it$ ) none ( ! feel+s or ideas t we h
 ascrib$ to x1 %all we n v will+ly %ift 
! gr\nd ( our wond]8 ,if we mu/ n admire
 ! bee1 we w !n admire nature2 ! mom5t  
mu/ always come :5 admiration c be no   
long] d5i$ u1 nor %all !re be loss to u 
?r\gh our hav+ retreat$1 or wait$4      
,h[ev] ^! ?+s may be1 & )\t ab&on+ ?is  
conjecture ( ours1 t at lea/ has !      
advantage ( connect+ 9 our m9d c]ta9    
actions t h evid5t connection 9 fact1 x 
is c]ta9 t ! bees h f> less adoration = 
! que5 h]self ?an = ! inf9ite future ( !
 race t %e repres5ts4 ,!y are n         
s5tim5tal2 & %\ld "o ( _! numb] return f
 "w s sev]ely w\nd$ z to be held        
incapable ( fur!r s]vice1 !y w ru?lessly
 expel h] f ! hive4 ,& yet x _c be said 
t !y are altoge!r incapable ( a k9d (   

p]sonal atta*m5t t[>ds _! "m4 ,!y w     
recognise h] f among all4 ,ev5 :5 %e is 
old1 crippl$1 & wret*$1 ! s5t9els at !  
door w nev] all[ ano!r que5 to ent] !   
hive1 ?\gh %e be "y & fruitful4 ,x is   
true t ?is is "o ( ! fundam5tal         
pr9ciples ( _! polity1 & nev] relax$    
except at times ( abundant honey1 9     
fav\r ( "s =eign work] :o %all be well  
lad5 ) food4  ,:5 ! que5 has become     
completely /]ile1 ! bees w re> a c]ta9  
numb] ( royal pr9cesses to fill h]      
place4 ,b :at becomes ( ! old sov]eign8 
,z to ?is we h no precise k2 b x has    
happ5$1 at times1 t api>i/s h f\nd a    
magnific5t que51 9 ! fl[] ( h] age1 on !
 c5tral comb ( ! hive2 & 9 "s obscure   
corn]1 "r at ! back1 ! gaunt1 decrepit  
old mi/ress1 z !y call h] 9 ,norm&y4 ,9 
su* cases x w\ld seem t ! bees h to     
ex]cise ! greate/ c>e to protect h] f ! 
hatr$ ( ! vigor\s rival :o longs = h]   
dea?2 = que5 hates que5 s fi]cely t two 
:o might happ5 to be "u ! same ro( w\ld 
imm$iately fly at ea* o!r4 ,x w\ld be   

pleasant to believe t ! bees are ?us    
provid+ _! anci5t sov]eign ) a humble   
%elt] 9 a remote corn] ( ! city1 :]e %e 
may end h] days 9 peace4 ,"h aga9 we t\*
 "o ( ! ?\s& enigmas ( ! wax5 city2 & x 
is once m prov$ to u t ! habits & !     
policy ( ! bees are by no means n>r[1 or
 rigidly pr$et]m9$2 & t _! actions h    
motives f> m complex ?an we are incl9$  
to suppose4  #cb  ,b we are con/antly   
tamp]+ ) :at !y mu/ reg>d z immovable   
laws ( nature2 con/antly plac+ ! bees 9 
a position t may be comp>$ to t 9 :i* we
 %\ld ourselves be plac$ 7 ! laws (     
space & gravity1 ( light & heat1 to be  
sudd5ly suppress$ ar\nd u4 ,:at are !   
bees to d :5 we1 by =ce or by fraud1    
introduce a second que5 into ! city8 ,x 
is probable t1 9 a /ate ( nature1 ?anks 
to ! s5t9els at ! gate1 su* an ev5t has 
nev] occurr$ s9ce !y fir/ came into !   
_w4 ,b ?is prodigi\s conjuncture does n 
scatt] _! wits2 !y /ill contrive to     
reconcile ! two pr9ciples t !y appe> to 
reg>d 9 ! light ( div9e comm&s4 ,! fir/ 

is t ( unique mat]nity1 nev] infr+$     
except 9 ! case ( /]ility 9 ! reign+    
que51 & ev5 !n only v exceptionally2 !  
second is m curi\s /ill1 &1 al?\gh nev] 
transgress$1 susceptible ( :at may almo/
 be t]m$ a ,judaic evasion4 ,x is ! law 
t inve/s ! p]son ( a que51 :oev] %e be1 
) a sort ( inviolability4 ,x w\ld be a  
simple matt] = ! bees to pi]ce ! intrud]
 ) _! myriad env5om$ /+s2 %e w\ld die on
 ! spot1 & !y w\ld m]ely h to remove !  
corpse f ! hive4 ,b ?\gh ?is /+ is      
always held ready to /rike1 ?\gh !y make
 con/ant use ( x 9 _! fights among      
!mselves1 !y w nev] draw x aga9/ a que52
 nor w a que5 ev] draw h]s on a man1 an 
animal1 or an ord9>y bee4 ,%e w nev]    
un%ea? h] royal weapon--curv$1 9 scimet]
 fa%ion1 in/ead ( be+ /raight1 l t ( !  
ord9>y bee--save only 9 ! case ( h] do+ 
battle ) an equal3 9 o!r words1 ) a si/]
 que54  ,no bee1 x w\ld seem1 d>e take  
on h]self ! horror ( direct & bloody    
regicide4 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 ! good ord] &  
prosp]ity ( ! republic appe> to dem& t a

 que5 %all die1 !y endeav\r to give to  
h] dea? "s semblance ( natural decease1 
& by inf9ite subdivision ( ! crime1 to  
r5d] x almo/ anonym\s4  ,!y w1 !re=e1 to
 use ! picturesque expression ( !       
api>i/1 ball ! que5ly intrud]2 9 o!r    
words1 !y w entirely surr\nd h] ) _!    
innum]able int]lac$ bodies4 ,!y w ?us =m
 a sort ( liv+ prison :]e9 ! captive is 
unable to move2 & 9 ?is prison !y w keep
 h] = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 if ne$ be1 till ! 
victim die ( suffocation or hung]4  ,b  
if1 at ?is mom5t1 ! legitimate que5 draw
 ne>1 &1 sc5t+ a rival1 appe> dispos$ to
 attack h]1 ! liv+ walls ( ! prison w at
 once fly op52 & ! bees1 =m+ a circle   
ar\nd ! two enemies1 w eag]ly wat* !    
/range duel t w ensue1 ?\gh rema9+      
/rictly imp>tial1 & tak+ no %>e 9 x4 ,= 
x is writt5 t aga9/ a "m ! /+ may be    
drawn by a "m alone2 only %e :o be>s 9  
h] flanks close on two million lives    
appe>s to possess ! "r ) "o bl[ to      
inflict close on two million dea?s4  ,b 
if ! combat la/ too long1 )\t any       

result1 if ! circul> weapons glide      
h>mlessly ov] ! heavy cuirasses1 if "o (
 ! que5s appe> anxi\s to make h] escape1
 !n1 be %e ! legitimate sov]eign or be  
%e ! /rang]1 %e w at once be seiz$ &    
lodg$ 9 ! liv+ prison until su* "t z %e 
manife/ once m ! desire to attack h]    
foe4 ,x is "r to add1 h[ev]1 t ! num]\s 
exp]im5ts t h be5 made on ?is subject h 
almo/ inv>iably result$ 9 ! victory ( ! 
reign+ que51 ow+ p]haps to ! extra      
c\rage & ard\r %e d]ives f ! k t %e is  
at home1 ) h] subjects ar\nd h]1 or to !
 fact t ! bees1 h[ev] imp>tial :ile !   
fight is 9 progress1 may possibly       
display "s fav\ritism 9 _! mann] (      
imprison+ ! rivals2 = _! "m w\ld seem   
sc>cely to suff] f ! conf9em5t1 :]eas ! 
/rang] almo/ always em]ges 9 an         
appreciably bruis$ & enfeebl$ condition4
  #cc  ,!re is "o simple exp]im5t :i*   
proves ! read9ess ) :i* ! bees w        
recognise _! que51 & ! dep? ( ! atta*m5t
 !y be> h]4 ,remove h] f ! hive1 & !re w
 soon be manife/ all ! ph5om5a ( angui% 

& di/ress t ,i h describ$ 9 a prec$+    
*apt]4 ,replace h]1 a few h\rs lat]1 &  
all h] daught]s w ha/5 t[>ds h]1 (f]+   
honey4 ,"o section w =m a lane1 = h] to 
pass ?r\gh2 o!rs1 ) head b5t l[ & abdom5
 high 9 ! air1 w describe be=e h] great 
semicircles ?robb+ ) s\nd2 hymn+1       
d\btless1 ! *ant ( welcome _! rites     
dictate = mom5ts ( supreme happ9ess or  
solemn respect4  ,b let x n be imag9$ t 
a =eign que5 may ) impunity be sub/itut$
 = ! legitimate "m4 ,! bees w at once   
detect ! impo/ure2 ! intrud] w be seiz$1
 & imm$iately enclos$ 9 ! t]rible1      
tumultu\s prison1 ^: ob/9ate walls w be 
reliev$1 z x 71 till %e dies2 = 9 ?is   
p>ticul> in/ance x h>dly ev] occurs t ! 
/rang] em]ges alive4  ,& "h x is curi\s 
to note to :at diplomacy & elaborate    
/ratagem man is compell$ to resort 9    
ord] to delude ^! little sagaci\s       
insects1 & b5d !m to 8 w4 ,9 _! unsw]v+ 
loyalty1 !y w accept ! mo/ unexpect$    
ev5ts ) t\*+ c\rage1 reg>d+ !m probably 
z "s new & inevitable fatal caprice (   

nature4 ,&1 inde$1 all ?is diplomacy    
not)/&+1 9 ! desp]ate confusion t may   
foll[ "o ( ^! haz>d\s exp$i5ts1 x is on 
! admirable good s5se ( ! bee t man     
always1 & almo/ empirically1 relies2 on 
! inexhau/ible treasure ( _! m>vell\s   
laws & cu/oms1 on _! love ( peace &     
ord]1 _! devotion to ! public weal1 &   
fidelity to ! future2 on ! adroit /r5g?1
 ! e>ne/ dis9t]e/$ness1 ( _! "*1 &1     
above all1 on ! untir+ devotion ) :i* !y
 fulfil _! duty4 ,b ! enum]ation ( su*  
proc$ures belongs r to te*nical         
treatises on apiculture1 & w\ld take u  
too f>499       99,! /rang] que5 is     
usually br\ght into ! hive      enclos$ 
9 a little cage1 ) iron wires1 :i* is   
hung      betwe5 two combs4 ,! cage has 
a door made ( wax &      honey1 :i* !   
work]s1 _! ang] ov]1 proce$ to gnaw1    
?us free+ ! prison]1 :om !y w (t5       
receive      )\t any ill-w4 ,mr4        
,simm9s1 manag] ( ! great      api>y at 
,rott+dean1 has rec5tly discov]$ ano!r  
me?od ( introduc+ a que51 :i*1 be+      

extremely simple      & almo/ inv>iably 
successful1 bids fair to be g5]ally     
adopt$ by api>i/s :o value _! art4 ,x is
 !      behavi\r ( ! que5 t usually     
makes h] introduction a      matt] ( s  
great difficulty4 ,%e is almo/ di/ract$1
      flies to & fro1 hides1 & g5]ally  
comports h]self z      an intrud]1 ?us  
ar\s+ ! suspicions ( ! bees1 :i*        
are soon confirm$ by ! work]s'          
exam9ation4 ,mr4 ,simm9s      at fir/   
completely isolates ! que5 he int5ds to 
introduce1 & lets h] fa/ = half an h\r4 
,he !n lifts      a corn] ( ! inn] cov] 
( ! orphan$ hive1 & places      ! /range
 que5 on ! top ( "o ( ! combs4 ,h] =m]  
isolation hav+ t]rifi$ h]1 %e is        
delight$ to f9d      h]self 9 ! mid/ ( !
 bees2 & be+ fami%$ %e      eag]ly      
accepts ! food !y (f] h]4 ,! work]s1    
deceiv$ by h] assurance1 d n exam9e h]1 
b probably      imag9e t _! old que5 has
 return$1 & welcome h]      joyfully4 ,x
 w\ld seem1 !re=e1 t1 contr>y to !      
op9ion ( ,hub] & all o!r inve/igators1 !

 bees are      n capable ( recognis+ _! 
que54 ,9 any ev5t1 !      two           
explanations1 :i* are bo? equally       
plausible--?\gh      ! tru? may lurk1   
p]haps1 9 a ?ird1 t is n yet      kn[n  
to u--only prove once aga9 h[ complex & 
obscure      is ! psy*ology ( ! bee4 ,& 
f ?is1 z f all      que/ions t deal )   
life1 we c draw "o conclusion      only3
 t1 till bett] obta91 curiosity /ill mu/
 rule 9      our he>t4  #cd  ,z reg>ds  
?is p]sonal affection ( :i* we h spok51 
!re is "o ^w m to be said4 ,t su*       
affection exi/s is c]ta91 b x is c]ta9  
also t its memory is exce$+ly %ort-liv$4
 ,d>e to replace 9 h] k+dom a "m ^:     
exile has la/$ "s days1 & h] indignant  
daught]s w receive h] 9 su* a fa%ion z  
to compel y ha/ily to snat* h] f !      
deadly imprisonm5t res]v$ = unkn[n      
que5s4 ,= ! bees h _h "t to trans=m a   
doz5 work]s' habitations into royal     
cells1 & ! future ( ! race is no long] 9
 dang]4 ,_! affection w increase1 or    
dw9dle1 9 ! degree t ! que5 repres5ts ! 

future4 ,?us we (t5 f9d1 :5 a virg9 que5
 is p]=m+ ! p]il\s c]emony kn[n z !     
nuptial flight1 ( :i* ,i w speak lat]1 t
 h] subjects are s fe>ful ( los+ h] t !y
 w all accompany h] on ?is tragic &     
di/ant que/ ( love4 ,?is !y w nev] d1   
h[ev]1 if !y be provid$ ) a fragm5t (   
comb conta9+ brood-cells1 :5ce !y %all  
be able to re> o!r que5s4 ,inde$1 _!    
affection ev5 may turn into fury & hatr$
 %\ld _! sov]eign fail 9 h] duty to t   
sort ( ab/ract div9ity t we %\ld call   
future society1 :i* ! bees w\ld appe> to
 reg>d f> m s]i\sly ?an we4 ,x happ5s1 =
 in/ance1 at times1 t api>i/s = v>i\s   
reasons w prev5t ! que5 f jo9+ a sw>m by
 ins]t+ a trellis into ! hive2 ! nimble 
& sl5d] work]s w flit ?r\gh x1          
unp]ceiv+1 b to ! poor slave ( love1    
heavi] & m corpul5t ?an h] daught]s1 x  
(f]s an impassable b>ri]4 ,! bees1 :5 !y
 f9d t ! que5 has n foll[$1 w return to 
! hive1 & scold ! un=tunate prison]1    
hu/le & ill-treat h]1 accus+ h] (       
laz9ess1 probably1 or suspect+ h] (     

feeble m9d4 ,on _! second dep>ture1 :5  
!y f9d t %e /ill has n foll[$1 h]       
ill-fai? becomes evid5t to !m1 & _!     
attacks gr[ m s]i\s4 ,& f9ally1 :5 !y   
%all h gone =? once m1 & /ill ) ! same  
result1 !y w almo/ always condemn h]1 z 
be+ irrem$iably fai?less to h] de/9y &  
to ! future ( ! race1 & put h] to dea? 9
 ! royal prison4  #ce  ,x is to !       
future1 !re=e1 t ! bees subord9ate all  
?+s2 & ) a =esight1 a h>moni\s          
co-op]ation1 a skill 9 int]pret+ ev5ts &
 turn+ !m to ! be/ advantage1 t mu/     
compel our he>tie/ admiration1          
p>ticul>ly :5 we rememb] 9 h[ />tl+ &   
sup]natural a light our rec5t int]v5tion
 mu/ pres5t itself to !m4 ,x may be     
said1 p]haps1 t 9 ! la/ in/ance we h    
giv51 !y place a v false con/ruction ^u 
! que5's inability to foll[ !m4 ,b w\ld 
our p[]s ( disc]nm5t be s v mu* subtl]1 
if an intellig5ce ( an ord] entirely    
diff]5t f our own1 & s]v$ by a body s   
colossal t its movem5ts 7 almo/ z       
imp]ceptible z ^? ( a natural ph5om5on1 

7 to div]t itself by lay+ traps ( ?is   
k9d = u8 ,has x n tak5 u ?\s&s ( ye>s to
 inv5t a suffici5tly plausible          
explanation = ! ?und]bolt8 ,!re is a    
c]ta9 feebl5ess t ov]:elms e intellect !
 mom5t x em]ges f its own sph]e1 & is   
br\ght face to face ) ev5ts n ( its own 
initiation4 ,&1 besides1 x is q possible
 t if ?is ordeal ( ! trellis 7 to obta9 
m regul>ly & g5]ally among ! bees1 !y   
w\ld end by detect+ ! pitfall1 & by tak+
 /eps to elude x4 ,!y h ma/]$ !         
intricacies ( ! movable comb1 ( !       
sections t compel !m to /ore _! surplus 
honey 9 little boxes symmetrically pil$2
 & 9 ! case ( ! /ill m extraord9>y      
innovation ( f\ndation wax1 :]e ! cells 
are indicat$ only by a sl5d] circumf]5ce
 ( wax1 !y are able at once to grasp !  
advantages ?is new sy/em pres5ts2 !y mo/
 c>efully ext5d ! wax1 & ?us1 )\t loss (
 "t or lab\r1 con/ruct p]fect cells4 ,s 
long z ! ev5t t confronts !m appe> n a  
sn>e devis$ by "s cunn+ & malici\s god1 
! bees may be tru/$ always to discov] ! 

be/1 nay1 ! only human1 solution4 ,let  
me cite an in/ance2 an ev5t1 t1 ?\gh    
occurr+ 9 nature1 is /ill 9 itself :olly
 abnormal4 ,i ref] to ! mann] 9 :i* !   
bees w dispose ( a m\se or a slug t may 
happ5 to h f\nd its way into ! hive4 ,! 
intrud] kill$1 !y h to deal ) ! body1   
:i* w v soon poison _! dwell+4 ,if x be 
impossible = !m to expel or dismemb] x1 
!y w proce$ me?odically & h]metically to
 enclose x 9 a v]itable sepul*re (      
propolis & wax1 :i* w t[] fanta/ically  
above ! ord9>y monum5ts ( ! city4 ,9 "o 
( my hives la/ ye> ,i discov]$ ?ree su* 
tombs side by side1 erect$ ) p>ty-walls1
 l ! cells ( ! comb1 s t no wax %\ld be 
wa/$4 ,^! tombs ! prud5t grave-digg]s _h
 rais$ ov] ! rema9s ( ?ree snails t a   
*ild _h introduc$ into ! hive4 ,z a     
rule1 :5 deal+ ) snails1 !y w be cont5t 
to seal up ) wax ! orifice ( ! %ell4 ,b 
9 ?is case ! %ells 7 m or less crack$ & 
brok52 & !y _h consid]$ x simpl]1 !re=e1
 to bury ! entire snail2 & _h fur!r     
contriv$1 9 ord] t circulation 9 !      

entrance-hall might n be imp$$1 a numb] 
( gall]ies exactly proportionate1 n to  
_! own gir?1 b to t ( ! males1 :i* are  
almo/ twice z l>ge z !mselves4 ,does n  
?is in/ance1 & ! "o t foll[s1 w>rant our
 believ+ t !y w\ld 9 "t discov] ! cause 
( ! que5's inability to foll[ !m ?r\gh !
 trellis8 ,!y h a v nice s5se (         
proportion1 & ( ! space requir$ = !     
movem5t ( bodies4 ,9 ! regions :]e !    
hide\s dea?'s-head sph9x1 ! a*]ontia    
atropos1 ab\nds1 !y con/ruct little     
pill>s ( wax at ! entrance ( ! hive1 s  
re/rict+ ! dim5sion z to prev5t !       
passage ( ! nocturnal m>aud]'s enorm\s  
abdom54  #cf  ,b en\gh on ?is po9t2 7 ,i
 to cite e in/ance ,i %\ld nev] h done4 
,to return to ! que51 ^: position 9 !   
hive1 & ! "p t %e plays !re91 we %all   
mo/ fitly describe by decl>+ h] to be ! 
captive he>t ( ! city1 & ! c5tre ar\nd  
:i* its intellig5ce revolves4 ,unique   
sov]eign ?\gh %e be1 %e is also ! royal 
s]vant1 ! responsible delegate ( love1 &
 its captive cu/odian4 ,h] p s]ve h] &  

v5]ate h]2 b !y nev] =get t x is n to h]
 p]son t _! homage is giv51 b to !      
mission t %e fulfils1 & ! de/9y %e      
repres5ts4 ,x w\ld n be easy = u to f9d 
a human republic ^: s*eme compris$ m ( !
 desires ( our planet2 or a democracy t 
(f]$ an indep5d5ce m p]fect & rational1 
comb9$ ) a submission m logical & m     
complete4 ,& n[h]e1 surely1 %\ld we     
discov] m pa9ful & absolute sacrifice4  
,let x n be imag9$ t ,i admire ?is      
sacrifice to ! ext5t t ,i admire its    
results4 ,x 7 evid5tly to be desir$ t ^!
 results might be obta9$ at ! co/ ( less
 r5\ncem5t & suff]+4 ,b1 ! pr9ciple once
 accept$1--& ?is is ne$ful1 p]haps1 9 ! 
s*eme ( our globe1--its organisation    
compels our wond]4 ,:atev] ! human tru? 
on ?is po9t may be1 life1 9 ! hive1 is n
 look$ on z a s]ies ( m or less pleasant
 h\rs1 :]e( x is wise t ^? mom5ts only  
%\ld be s\r$ & embitt]$ t are ess5tial =
 ma9ta9+ exi/5ce4 ,! bees reg>d x z a   
great common duty1 imp>tially di/ribut$ 
among/ !m all1 & t5d+ t[>ds a future t  

goes fur!r & fur!r back ev] s9ce ! _w   
began4 ,&1 = ! sake ( ?is future1 ea* "o
 r5\nces m ?an half ( h] rights & h]    
joys4 ,! que5 bids f>ewell to fre$om1 ! 
light ( day1 & ! calyx ( fl[]s2 ! work]s
 give five or six ye>s ( _! life1 & %all
 nev] "k love1 or ! joys ( mat]nity4 ,! 
que5's bra9 turns to pulp1 t !          
reproductive organs may pr(it2 9 !      
work]s ^! organs atrophy1 to ! b5efit ( 
_! intellig5ce4 ,nor w\ld x be fair to  
allege t ! w plays no "p 9 all ^!       
r5\ncem5ts4 ,we h se5 t ea* work]'s l>va
 c be trans=m$ into a que5 if lodg$ & f$
 on ! royal plan2 & simil>ly c\ld ea*   
royal l>va be turn$ into work] if h]    
food 7 *ang$ & h] cell r$uc$4 ,^!       
my/]i\s elections take place e day 9 !  
gold5 %ade ( ! hive4 ,x is n *ance t    
controls !m1 b a wisdom ^: deep loyalty1
 gravity1 & unsleep+ wat*fulness man    
alone c betray3 a wisdom t makes &      
unmakes1 & keeps c>eful wat* ov] all t  
happ5s )9 & )\t ! city4 ,if sudd5 fl[]s 
ab\nd1 or ! que5 gr[ old1 or less       

fruitful2 if population increase1 & be  
press$ = room1 y !n %all f9d t ! bees w 
proce$ to re> royal cells4 ,b ^! cells  
may be de/roy$ if ! h>ve/ fail1 or !    
hive be enl>g$4 ,(t5 !y w be reta9$ s   
long z ! "y que5 h n accompli%$1 or     
succe$$ 91 h] m>riage flight1--to be at 
once annihilat$ :5 %e returns1 trail+   
beh9d h]1 trophy-wise1 ! infallible sign
 ( h] impregnation4 ,:o %all say :]e !  
wisdom resides t c ?us balance pres5t & 
future1 & pref] :at is n yet visible to 
t :i* already is se58 ,:]e ! anonym\s   
prud5ce t selects & ab&ons1 raises &    
l[]s2 t ( s _m work]s makes s _m que5s1 
& ( s _m mo!rs c make a p ( virg9s8 ,we 
h said else:]e t x lodg$ 9 ! ,_s ( !    
,hive1 b :]e %all ?is _s ( ! hive be    
look$ = if n 9 ! assembly ( work]s8 ,to 
be conv9c$ ( its resid5ce !re1 we ne$ n 
p]haps h /udi$ s closely ! habits ( ?is 
royal republic4 ,x 0 en\gh to place "u !
 microscope1 z ,duj>d91 ,br&t1 ,gir>d1  
,vogel1 & o!r entomologi/s h done1 !    
little unc\? & c>eworn head ( ! virg9   

work] side by side ) ! some:at empty    
skull ( ! que5 & ! male's magnific5t    
cranium1 gli/5+ ) its tw5ty-six ?\s&    
eyes4 ,)9 ?is t9y head we %\ld f9d !    
work+s ( ! va/e/ & mo/ magnific5t bra9 (
 ! hive3 ! mo/ beautiful & complex1 !   
mo/ p]fect1 t1 9 ano!r ord] & ) a       
diff]5t organisation1 is to be f\nd 9   
nature aft] t ( man4 ,"h aga91 z 9 e    
qu>t] :]e ! s*eme ( ! _w is kn[n to u1  
!re :]e ! bra9 is1 are au?ority &       
victory1 v]itable /r5g? & wisdom4 ,& "h 
aga9 x is an almo/ invisible atom ( ?is 
my/]i\s sub/ance t organises &          
subjugates matt]1 & is able to create   
its own little triumphant & p]man5t     
place 9 ! mid/ ( ! /up5d\s1 in]t =ces ( 
no?+ness & dea?499       99,! bra9 ( !  
bee1 accord+ to ! calculation (         
,duj>d91 con/itutes ! #a-agd? "p ( !    
insect's      weight1 & t ( ! ant !     
#a-bif?4 ,on ! o!r h&      ! p$uncul>   
p>ts1 ^: developm5t usually keeps pace  
) ! triumphs ! intellect a*ieves ov]    
in/9ct1 are      some:at less important 

9 ! bee ?an 9 ! ant4 ,x w\ld      seem  
to result f ^! e/imates--:i* are ( c\rse
      hypo!tical1 & deal ) a matt] t is 
exce$+ly      obscure--t ! intellectual 
value ( ! bee & ! ant      mu/ be m or  
less equal4  #cg  ,& n[ to return to our
 sw>m+ hive1 :]e ! bees h already giv5 !
 signal = dep>ture1 )\t wait+ = ^!      
reflections ( ours to come to an end4   
,at ! mom5t ?is signal is giv51 x is z  
?\gh "o sudd5 mad impulse _h            
simultane\sly flung op5 wide e s+le gate
 9 ! city2 & ! black ?rong issues1 or r 
p\rs =? 9 a d\ble1 or treble1 or        
quadruple jet1 z ! numb] ( exits may be2
 9 a t5se1 direct1 vibrat+1 un9t]rupt$  
/ream t at once dissolves & melts into  
space1 :]e ! myriad transp>5t1 furi\s   
w+s weave a tissue ?robb+ ) s\nd4 ,& ?is
 = "s mom5ts w quiv] "r ov] ! hive1 )   
prodigi\s ru/le ( gossam] silks t       
c\ntless electrifi$ h&s might be        
ceaselessly r5d+ & /it*+2 x floats      
undulat+1 x trembles & flutt]s l a veil 
( gladness invisible f+]s support 9 !   

sky1 & wave to & fro1 f ! fl[]s to !    
blue1 expect+ sublime adv5t or dep>ture4
 ,& at la/ "o angle decl9es ano!r is    
lift$2 ! radiant mantle unites its f\r  
sunlit corn]s2 & l ! wond]ful c>pet !   
fairy-tale speaks (1 t flits across     
space to obey its ma/]'s comm&1 x /e]s  
its /raight c\rse1 b5d+ =w>d a little z 
?\gh to hide 9 its folds ! sacr$ pres5ce
 ( ! future1 t[>ds ! will[1 ! pe>-tree1 
or lime :]eon ! que5 has alight$2 & r\nd
 h] ea* rhy?mical wave comes to re/1 z  
?\gh on a nail ( gold1 & susp5ds its    
fabric ( pe>ls & ( lum9\s w+s4  ,& !n   
!re is sil5ce once m2 &1 9 an in/ant1   
?is mighty tumult1 ?is awful curta9     
app>5tly lad5 ) unspeakable m5ace &     
ang]1 ?is bewild]+ gold5 hail t /ream$  
^u e object ne>--all ^! become m]ely a  
great1 in(f5sive1 peaceful clu/] ( bees1
 compos$ ( ?\s&s ( little motionless    
gr\ps1 t pati5tly wait1 z !y hang f !   
bran* ( a tree1 = ! sc\ts to return :o h
 gone 9 se>* ( a place ( %elt]4  #ch    
,?is is ! fir/ /age ( :at is kn[n z !   

prim>y sw>m at ^: head ! old que5 is    
always to be f\nd4 ,!y w settle z a rule
 on ! %rub or ! tree t is ne>e/ ! hive2 
= ! que51 besides be+ weigh$ d[n by h]  
eggs1 has dwelt 9 con/ant d>kness ev]   
s9ce h] m>riage-flight1 or ! sw>m ( !   
previ\s ye>2 & is naturally reluctant to
 v5ture f> into space1 hav+ inde$ almo/ 
=gott5 ! use ( h] w+s4  ,! bee-keep]    
waits till ! mass be completely ga!r$   
toge!r2 !n1 hav+ cov]$ 8 head ) a l>ge  
/raw hat 7= ! mo/ in(f5sive bee w       
conceive itself caught 9 a trap if      
entangl$ 9 hair1 & w infallibly use its 
/+71 b1 if he be exp]i5c$1 we>+ nei!r   
mask nor veil2 hav+ tak5 ! precaution   
only ( plung+ 8 arms 9 cold wat] up to !
 elb[1 he proce$s to ga!r ! sw>m by     
vigor\sly %ak+ ! b\gh f :i* ! bees dep5d
 ov] an inv]t$ hive4 ,into ?is hive !   
clu/] w fall z heavily z an ov]-ripe    
fruit4 ,or1 if ! bran* be too /\t1 he c 
plunge a spoon into ! mass2 & deposit   
:]e he w ! liv+ spoonfuls1 z ?\gh he 7  
ladl+ out corn4 ,he ne$ h no fe> ( !    

bees t are buzz+ ar\nd him1 settl+ on 8 
face & h&s4 ,! air res\nds ) _! song (  
ec/asy1 :i* is diff]5t f> f _! *ant (   
ang]4 ,he ne$ h no fe> t ! sw>m w       
divide1 or gr[ fi]ce1 w scatt]1 or try  
to escape4 ,?is is a day1 ,i repeat1 :5 
a _s ( holiday w\ld seem to animate ^!  
my/]i\s work]s1 a _s ( confid5ce1 t     
app>5tly no?+ c tr\ble4 ,!y h deta*$    
!mselves f ! weal? !y _h to def5d1 & !y 
no long] recognise _! enemies4 ,!y      
become in(f5sive because ( _! happ9ess1 
?\gh :y !y are happy we "k n1 except x  
be because !y are obey+ _! law4 ,a mom5t
 ( su* bl9d happ9ess is accord$ by      
nature at times to e liv+ ?+1 :5 %e     
seeks to accompli% h] end4 ,nor ne$ we  
feel any surprise t "h ! bees are h]    
dupes2 we ourselves1 :o h /udi$ h]      
movem5ts ^! c5turies pa/1 & ) a bra9 m  
p]fect ?an t ( ! bee1 we too are h]     
dupes1 & "k n ev5 yet :e!r %e be        
b5evol5t or indiff]5t1 or only basely   
cruel4  ,!re :]e ! que5 has alight$ !   
sw>m w rema92 & _h %e desc5d$ alone into

 ! hive1 ! bees w\ld h foll[$1 9 long   
black files1 z soon z intellig5ce _h    
rea*$ !m ( ! mat]nal retreat4 ,!        
majority w ha/5 to h]1 ) utmo/ eag]ness2
 b l>ge numb]s w pause = an in/ant on ! 
?re%old ( ! unkn[n abode1 & !re w       
describe ! circles ( solemn rejoic+ )   
:i* x is _! habit to celebrate happy    
ev5ts4 ,!y are beat+ to arms1 say !     
,fr5* peasants4 ,& !n ! /range home w at
 once be accept$1 & its remote/ corn]s  
explor$2 its position 9 ! api>y1 its =m1
 its col\r1 are grasp$ & reta9$ 9 ^!    
?\s&s ( prud5t & fai?ful little         
memories4 ,c>eful note is tak5 ( !      
neighb\r+ l&m>ks1 ! new city is f\nd$1 &
 its place e/abli%$ 9 ! m9d & ! he>t (  
all its inhabitants2 ! walls res\nd ) ! 
love-hymn ( ! royal pres5ce1 & "w beg9s4
  #ci  ,b if ! sw>m be n ga!r$ by man1  
its hi/ory w n end "h4 ,x w rema9       
susp5d$ on ! bran* until ! return ( !   
work]s1 :o1 act+ z sc\ts1 w+$           
qu>t]ma/]s1 z x 71 h at ! v fir/ mom5t (
 sw>m+ salli$ =? 9 all directions 9 se>*

 ( a lodg+4 ,!y return "o by "o1 & r5d] 
acc\nt ( _! mission2 & z x is manife/ly 
impossible = u to fa?om ! ?\ght ( !     
bees1 we c only int]pret 9 human fa%ion 
! spectacle t !y pres5t4 ,we may reg>d x
 z probable1 !re=e1 t mo/ c>eful        
att5tion is giv5 to ! reports ( ! v>i\s 
sc\ts4 ,"o ( !m x may be1 dwells on !   
advantage ( "s holl[ tree x has se52    
ano!r is 9 fav\r ( a crevice 9 a ru9\s  
wall1 ( a cavity 9 a grotto1 or an      
ab&on$ burr[4 ,! assembly (t5 w pause & 
delib]ate until ! foll[+ morn+4 ,!n at  
la/ ! *oice is made1 & approv$ by all4  
,at a giv5 mom5t ! entire mass /irs1    
disunites1 sets 9 motion1 & !n1 9 "o    
su/a9$ & impetu\s flight1 t ?is "t kn[s 
no ob/acle1 x w /e] its /raight c\rse1  
ov] h$ges & cornfields1 ov] hay/ack &   
lake1 ov] riv] & village1 to its det]m9$
 & always di/ant goal4 ,x is r>ely inde$
 t ?is second /age c be foll[$ by man4  
,! sw>m returns to nature2 & we lose !  
track ( its de/9y4     ,,iii -- ,,!     
,,f\ndation ,,( ,,! ,,city  #dj  ,,let u

 r consid] ! proce$+s ( ! sw>m ! api>i/ 
%all h ga!r$ into 8 hive4 ,& fir/ ( all 
let u n be =getful ( ! sacrifice ^!     
fifty ?\s& virg9s h made1 :o1 z ,rons>d 
s+s1--      ,9 a little body be> s true 
a he>t1--  & let u1 yet once aga91      
admire ! c\rage ) :i* !y beg9 life anew 
9 ! des]t :]eon !y h fall54 ,!y h =gott5
 ! spl5d\r & weal? ( _! native city1 :]e
 exi/5ce _h be5 s admirably organis$ &  
c]ta91 :]e ! ess5ce ( e fl[] rem9isc5t (
 sun%9e _h enabl$ !m to smile at ! m5ace
 ( w9t]4 ,!re1 asleep 9 ! dep?s ( _!    
cradles1 !y h left ?\s&s & ?\s&s (      
daught]s1 :om !y nev] aga9 w see4 ,!y h 
ab&on$1 n only ! enorm\s treasure (     
poll5 & propolis !y _h ga!r$ toge!r1 b  
also m ?an #abj p\nds ( honey2 a        
quantity repres5t+ m ?an twelve times ! 
entire weight ( ! population1 & close on
 #fjj1jjj times t ( ! individual bee4   
,to man ?is w\ld mean #db1jjj tons (    
provisions1 a va/ fleet ( mighty %ips   
lad5 ) n\ri%m5t m preci\s ?an any kn[n  
to u2 = to ! bee honey is a k9d ( liquid

 life1 a species ( *yle t is at once    
assimilat$1 ) almo/ no wa/e :atev]4     
,"h1 9 ! new abode1 !re is no?+2 n a    
drop ( honey1 n a morsel ( wax2 nei!r   
guid+-m>k nor po9t ( support4 ,!re is   
only ! dre>y empt9ess ( an enorm\s      
monum5t t has no?+ b sides & ro(4 ,)9 ! 
smoo? & r\nd$ walls !re only is d>kness2
 & ! enorm\s ar* above re>s itself ov]  
no?+ness4 ,b useless regrets are unkn[n 
to ! bee2 or 9 any ev5t x does n all[ !m
 to h9d] its action4 ,f> f be+ ca/ d[n  
by an ordeal be=e :i* e o!r c\rage w\ld 
succumb1 x displays great] ard\r ?an    
ev]4 ,sc>cely has ! hive be5 set 9 its  
place1 or ! disord] allay$ t ensu$ on ! 
bees' tumultu\s fall1 :5 we behold !    
cle>e/1 mo/ unexpect$ division 9 t      
entangl$ mass4 ,! great] portion1 =m+ 9 
solid columns1 l an army obey+ a def9ite
 ord]1 w proce$ to climb ! v]tical walls
 ( ! hive4 ,! cupola rea*$1 ! fir/ to   
arrive w cl+ ) ! claws ( _! ant]ior     
legs1 ^? t foll[ hang on to ! fir/1 & s 
9 succession1 until long *a9s h be5 =m$ 

t s]ve z a bridge to ! cr[d t rises &   
rises4 ,&1 by sl[ degrees1 ^! *a9s1 z _!
 numb] increases1 support+ ea* o!r &    
incessantly int]weav+1 become g>l&s :i*1
 9 _! turn1 ! un9t]rupt$ & con/ant      
asc5sion trans=ms into a ?ick1 triangul>
 curta91 or r a k9d ( compact & inv]t$  
cone1 ^: apex atta9s ! summit ( !       
cupola1 :ile its wid5+ base desc5ds to a
 half1 or two-?irds1 ( ! entire height (
 ! hive4 ,& !n1 ! la/ bee t an inw>d    
voice has impell$ to =m "p ( ?is gr\p   
hav+ add$ itself to ! curta9 susp5d$ 9  
d>kness1 ! asc5sion ceases2 all movem5t 
sl[ly dies away 9 ! dome2 &1 = long     
h\rs1 ?is /range inv]t$ cone w wait1 9 a
 sil5ce t almo/ seems awful1 9 a        
/illness "o might reg>d z religi\s1 = ! 
my/]y ( wax to appe>4  ,9 ! meantime !  
re/ ( ! bees--^?1 t is1 t rema9$ d[n    
bel[ 9 ! hive--h %[n n ! slighte/ desire
 to jo9 ! o!rs al(t1 & pay no he$ to !  
=mation ( ! m>vell\s curta9 on ^: folds 
a magical gift is soon to desc5d4 ,!y   
are satisfi$ to exam9e ! edifice &      

und]take ! necess>y lab\rs4 ,!y c>efully
 sweep ! floor1 & remove1 "o by "o1     
twigs1 gra9s ( s&1 & dead leaves2 = !   
bees are almo/ fanatically cleanly1 &   
:51 9 ! dep?s ( w9t]1 sev]e fro/s ret>d 
too long :at api>i/s t]m _! flight (    
cleanl9ess1 r ?an sully ! hive !y w p]i%
 by ?\s&s ( a t]rible b[el-disease4 ,!  
males alone are incurably c>eless1 & w  
impud5tly be/rew ! surface ( ! comb ) _!
 dropp+s1 :i* ! work]s are oblig$ to    
sweep z !y ha/5 beh9d !m4  ,! clean+    
ov]1 ! bees ( ! pr(ane gr\p t =m no "p (
 ! cone susp5d$ 9 a sort ( ec/asy1 set  
to "w m9utely to survey ! l[]           
circumf]5ce ( ! common dwell+4 ,e       
crevice is pass$ 9 review1 & fill$1     
cov]$ ov] ) propolis2 & ! v>ni%+ ( !    
walls is begun1 f top to bottom4 ,gu>ds 
are appo9t$ to take _! /& at ! gate2 & v
 soon a c]ta9 numb] ( work]s w g to !   
fields & return ) _! burd5 ( poll54  #da
  ,be=e rais+ ! folds ( ! my/]i\s curta9
 b5ea? ^: %elt] are laid ! v]itable     
f\ndations ( ! home1 let u endeav\r to  

=m "s conception ( ! sur5ess ( vision1 !
 accurate calculation & indu/ry our     
little p ( emigrants w be call$ to      
display 9 ord] to adapt ?is new dwell+  
to _! requirem5ts4 ,9 ! void r\nd ab\t  
!m !y mu/ lay ! plans = _! city1 &      
logically m>k out ! site ( ! edifices t 
mu/ be erect$ z economically & quickly z
 possible1 = ! que51 eag] to lay1       
already is scatt]+ h] eggs on ! gr\nd4  
,& 9 ?is labyr9? ( complicat$ build+s1 s
 f> exi/+ only 9 imag9ation1 laws (     
v5tilation mu/ be consid]$1 ( /ability1 
solidity2 resi/ance ( ! wax mu/ n be lo/
 sight (1 or ! nature ( ! food to be    
/or$1 or ! habits ( ! que52 ready access
 mu/ be contriv$ to all p>ts1 & c>eful  
att5tion be giv5 to ! di/ribution (     
/ores & h\ses1 passages & /reets1--?is  
h[ev] is 9 "s measure pre-e/abli%$1 !   
plan already arriv$ at be+ organically !
 be/1--& !re are c\ntless problems      
besides1 ^: enum]ation w\ld take too    
long4  ,n[1 ! =m ( ! hive t man (f]s to 
! bee kn[s inf9ite v>iety1 f ! holl[    

tree or e>!nw>e vessel /ill obta9+ 9    
,asia & ,africa1 & ! famili> bell-%ap$  
con/ructions ( /raw :i* we f9d 9 our    
f>m]s' kit*5-g>d5s or b5ea? _! w9d[s1   
lo/ b5ea? masses ( sunfl[]s1 phlox1 &   
hollyhock1 to :at may really be t]m$ !  
factory ( ! model api>i/ ( today4 ,an   
edifice1 ?is1 t c conta9 m ?an ?ree     
hundr$ p\nds ( honey1 9 ?ree or f\r     
/ories ( sup]pos$ combs enclos$ 9 a     
frame :i* p]mits ( _! be+ remov$ & h&l$1
 ( ! h>ve/ be+ extract$ ?r\gh c5trifugal
 =ce by means ( a turb9e1 & ( _! be+ !n 
re/or$ to _! place l a book 9 a         
well-ord]$ libr>y4  ,& "o f9e day !     
indu/ry or caprice ( man w in/all a     
docile sw>m 9 "o ( ^! disconc]t+ abodes4
 ,& !re ! little insect is expect$ to   
le>n its be>+s1 to f9d its way1 to      
e/abli% its home2 to modify ! seem+ly   
un*angeable plans dictat$ by ! nature ( 
?+s4 ,9 ?is unfamili> place x is requir$
 to det]m9e ! site ( ! w9t] /oreh\ses1 t
 mu/ n ext5d beyond ! zone ( heat t     
issues f ! half-numb$ inhabitants2 x mu/

 div9e ! exact po9t :]e ! brood-cells   
%all conc5trate1 "u p5alty ( disa/] %\ld
 ^! be too high or too l[1 too ne> to or
 f> f ! door4 ,! sw>m1 x may be1 has j  
left ! trunk ( a fall5 tree1 conta9+ "o 
long1 n>r[1 depress$1 horizontal gall]y2
 & x f9ds itself n[ 9 a t[]-%ap$        
edifice1 ^: ro( is lo/ 9 gloom4 ,or1 to 
take a case t is m usual1 p]haps1 & "o t
 w give "s idea ( ! surprise habitually 
9 /ore = ! bees3 aft] hav+ liv$ =       
c5turies pa/ b5ea? ! /raw dome ( our    
village hives1 !y are sudd5ly           
transplant$ to a species ( mighty       
cupbo>d1 or *e/1 ?ree or f\r times z    
l>ge z ! place ( _! bir?2 & in/all$ 9 ! 
mid/ ( a confus$ scaffold+ ( sup]pos$   
frames1 "s runn+ p>allel to ! entrance &
 "s p]p5dicul>2 ! :ole =m+ a bewild]+   
network t obscures ! surfaces ( _!      
dwell+4  ,& yet1 = all ?is1 !re exi/s n 
a s+le in/ance ( a sw>m refus+ its duty1
 or all[+ itself to be baffl$ or        
disc\rag$ by ! /rang5ess ( its          
surr\nd+s1 except only 9 ! case ( ! new 

dwell+ be+ absolutely un9habitable1 or  
impregnat$ ) evil od\rs4 ,& ev5 !n !    
bees w n be di%e>t5$ or bewild]$2 ev5 !n
 !y w n ab&on _! mission4 ,! sw>m w     
simply =sake ! inhospitable abode1 to   
seek bett] =tune "s little di/ance away4
 ,& simil>ly x c nev] be said ( !m t !y 
c be induc$ to und]take any illogical or
 fooli% task4 ,_! common-s5se has nev]  
be5 kn[n to fail !m2 !y h nev]1 at a    
loss = def9ite decision1 erect$ at      
haphaz>d /ructures ( a wild or          
het]og5e\s nature4 ,?\gh y place ! sw>m 
9 a sph]e1 a cube1 or a pyramid1 9 an   
oval or polygonal basket1 y w f9d1 on   
visit+ ! bees a few days lat]1 t if ?is 
/range assembly ( little indep5d5t      
intellects has accept$ ! new abode1 !y w
 at once1 & unhesitat+ly & unanim\sly h 
kn[n h[ to select ! mo/ fav\rable1 (t5  
humanly speak+ ! only possible spot 9   
?is absurd habitation1 9 pursuance ( a  
me?od ^: pr9ciples may appe> inflexible1
 b ^: results are /rik+ly vivid4  ,:5   
in/all$ 9 "o ( ! huge factories1 bri/l+ 

) frames1 t we m5tion$ j n[1 ^! frames w
 int]e/ !m only to ! ext5t 9 :i* !y     
provide !m ) a basis or po9t ( dep>ture 
= _! combs2 & !y v naturally pay n !    
slighte/ he$ to ! desires or int5tions (
 man4 ,b if ! api>i/ h tak5 ! precaution
 ( surr\nd+ ! upp] la? ( "s ( ^! frames 
) a n>r[ fillet ( wax1 !y w be quick to 
p]ceive ! advantage ?is tempt+ (f]      
pres5ts1 & w c>efully extract ! fillet1 
us+ _! own wax z sold]1 & w prolong !   
comb 9 accordance ) ! indicat$ plan4    
,simil>ly--& ! case is frequ5t 9 mod]n  
apiculture--if all ! frames ( ! hive    
into :i* ! bees h be5 ga!r$ be cov]$ f  
top to bottom ) leaves ( f\ndation-wax1 
!y w n wa/e "t 9 erect+ build+s across  
or beside ^!1 or 9 produc+ useless wax1 
b1 f9d+ t ! "w is already half f9i%$1 !y
 w be satisfi$ to deep5 & l5g!n ea* ( ! 
cells design$ 9 ! leaf1 c>efully        
rectify+ ^! :]e !re is ! slighte/       
deviation f ! /ricte/ v]tical4 ,proce$+ 
9 ?is fa%ion1 !re=e1 !y w possess 9 a   
week a city z luxuri\s & well-con/ruct$ 

z ! "o !y h quitt$2 :]eas1 _h !y be5    
?r[n on _! own res\rces1 x w\ld h tak5  
!m two or ?ree mon?s to con/ruct s great
 a pr(usion ( dwell+s & /oreh\ses ( %9+ 
wax4  #dc  ,?is p[] ( appropriation may 
well be consid]$ to ov]/ep ! limit (    
in/9ct2 & inde$ !re c be no?+ m arbitr>y
 ?an ! di/9ction we draw betwe5 in/9ct &
 intellig5ce prop]ly s-call$4 ,sir ,john
 ,lubbock1 ^: obs]vations on ants1 bees1
 & wasps are s int]e/+ & s p]sonal1 is  
reluctant to cr$it ! bee1 f ! mom5t x   
=sakes ! r\t9e ( its habitual lab\r1 )  
any p[] ( disc]nm5t or reason+4 ,?is    
attitude ( 8 may be due 9 "s measure to 
an unconsci\s bias 9 fav\r ( ! ants1 ^: 
ways he has m specially not$2 = !       
entomologi/ is always incl9$ to reg>d t 
insect z ! m intellig5t to :i* he has m 
p>ticul>ly devot$ himself1 & we h to be 
on our gu>d aga9/ ?is little p]sonal    
pr$ilection4 ,z a pro( ( 8 !ory1 ,sir   
,john cites z an in/ance an exp]im5t )9 
! rea* ( all4 ,if y place 9 a bottle    
half a doz5 bees & ! same numb] ( flies1

 & lay ! bottle d[n horizontally1 ) its 
base to ! w9d[1 y w f9d t ! bees w      
p]si/1 till !y die ( exhau/ion or hung]1
 9 _! endeav\r to discov] an issue ?r\gh
 ! glass2 :ile ! flies1 9 less ?an two  
m9utes1 w all h salli$ =? ?r\gh ! neck  
on ! opposite side4 ,f ?is ,sir ,john   
,lubbock concludes t ! intellig5ce ( !  
bee is exce$+ly limit$1 & t ! fly %[s f>
 great] skill 9 extricat+ itself f a    
difficulty1 & f9d+ its way4 ,?is        
conclusion1 h[ev]1 w\ld n seem altoge!r 
flawless4 ,turn ! transp>5t sph]e tw5ty 
times1 if y w1 hold+ n[ ! base1 n[ !    
neck1 to ! w9d[1 & y w f9d t ! bees w   
turn tw5ty times ) x1 s z always to face
 ! light4 ,x is _! love ( ! light1 x is 
_! v intellig5ce1 t is _! undo+ 9 ?is   
exp]im5t ( ! ,engli% savant4 ,!y        
evid5tly imag9e t ! issue f e prison mu/
 be !re :]e ! light %9es cle>e/2 & !y   
act 9 accordance1 & p]si/ 9 too logical 
action4 ,to !m glass is a sup]natural   
my/]y !y nev] h met ) 9 nature2 !y h _h 
no exp]i5ce ( ?is sudd5ly imp5etrable   

atmosph]e2 &1 ! great] _! intellig5ce1 !
 m inadmissible1 m incompreh5sible1 w ! 
/range ob/acle appe>4 ,:]eas !          
fea!rbra9$ flies1 c>eless ( logic z ( ! 
enigma ( cry/al1 disreg>d+ ! call ( !   
light1 flutt] wildly hi!r & ?i!r1 &1    
meet+ "h ! good =tune t (t5 waits on !  
simple1 :o f9d salvation !re :]e ! wis] 
w p]i%1 necess>ily end by discov]+ !    
fri5dly op5+ t re/ores _! lib]ty to !m4 
,! same naturali/ cites yet ano!r pro( (
 ! bees' lack ( intellig5ce1 & discov]s 
x 9 ! foll[+ quotation f ! great        
,am]ican api>i/1 ! v5]able & pat]nal    
,lang/ro?3--  ,z ! fly 0 n int5d$ to    
banquet on blossoms1 b on sub/ances 9   
:i* x might easily be dr[n$1 x cauti\sly
 alights on ! edge ( any vessel conta9+ 
liquid food1 & w>ily helps itself2 :ile 
! poor bee1 plung+ 9 headlong1 spe$ily  
p]i%es4 ,! sad fate ( _! un=tunate      
companions does n 9 ! lea/ det] o!rs :o 
approa* ! tempt+ lure f madly alight+ on
 ! bodies ( ! dy+ & ! dead1 to %>e !    
same mis]able end4 ,no "o c und]/& !    

ext5t ( _! infatuation until he has se5 
a confection]'s %op assail$ by myriads (
 hungry bees4 ,i h se5 ?\s&s /ra9$ out f
 ! syrups 9 :i* !y _h p]i%$2 ?\s&s m    
alight+ ev5 on ! boil+ sweets2 ! floors 
cov]$ & w9d[s d>k5$ ) bees1 "s crawl+1  
o!rs fly+1 & o!rs /ill s completely     
besme>$ z to be able nei!r to crawl nor 
to fly--n "o 9 t5 able to c>ry home its 
ill-gott5 spoils1 & yet ! air fill$ )   
new ho/s ( ?\ghtless com]s4  ,?is1      
h[ev]1 seems to me no m conclusive ?an  
might be ! spectacle ( a battlefield1 or
 ( ! ravages ( alcoholism1 to a         
sup]human obs]v] b5t on e/abli%+ !      
limits ( human und]/&+4 ,inde$1 less s1 
p]haps2 = ! situation ( ! bee1 :5 comp>$
 ) our own1 is /range 9 ?is _w4 ,x 0    
int5d$ to live 9 ! mid/ ( an indiff]5t &
 unconsci\s nature1 & n by ! side ( an  
extraord9>y be+ :o is =ev] di/urb+ ! mo/
 con/ant laws1 & produc+ gr&iose1       
inexplicable ph5om5a4 ,9 ! natural ord] 
( ?+s1 9 ! monoton\s life ( ! =e/1 !    
madness ,lang/ro? describes w\ld be     

possible only 7 "s accid5t sudd5ly to   
de/roy a hive full ( honey4 ,b 9 ?is    
case1 ev51 !re w\ld be no fatal glass1  
no boil+ sug> or cloy+ syrup2 no dea? or
 dang]1 !re=e1 o!r ?an t to :i* e animal
 is expos$ :ile seek+ its prey4  ,%\ld  
we be m successful ?an !y 9 pres]v+ our 
pres5ce ( m9d if "s /range p[] 7 at e   
/ep to ensn>e our reason8 ,let u n be   
too ha/y 9 condemn+ ! bees = ! folly    
:]e( we are ! au?ors1 or 9 d]id+ _!     
intellect1 :i* is z poorly equipp$ to   
foil our artifices z our own w\ld be to 
foil ^? ( "s sup]ior creature unkn[n to 
u to-day1 b on t acc\nt n impossible4   
,none su* be+ kn[n at pres5t1 we        
conclude t we /& on ! topmo/ p9nacle (  
life on ?is e>?2 b ?is belief1 aft] all1
 is by no means infallible4 ,i am n     
assum+ t :5 our actions are             
unreasonable1 or contemptible1 we m]ely 
fall into ! sn>es t su* a creature has  
laid2 ?\gh x is n inconceivable t ?is   
%\ld "o day be prov$ true4 ,on ! o!r h&1
 x _c be wise to d5y intellig5ce to !   

bee because x has n yet succe$$ 9       
di/+ui%+ u f ! great ape or ! be>4 ,x is
 c]ta9 t !re are1 9 u & ab\t u1         
influ5ces & p[]s no less dissimil> ^:   
di/9ction escapes u z readily4  ,&      
f9ally1 to end ?is apology1 :]e9 ,i seem
 some:at to h fall5 into ! error ,i laid
 to ,sir ,john ,lubbock's *>ge1 does n !
 capacity = folly s great 9 itself argue
 intellig5ce8 ,= ?us x is ev] 9 !       
unc]ta9 doma9 ( ! intellect1 app>5tly ! 
mo/ vacillat+ & prec>i\s condition (    
matt]4 ,! same light t falls on !       
intellect falls also on passion1 :]e(   
none c tell :e!r x be ! smoke ( ! flame 
or ! wick4 ,9 ! case above x has n be5  
m]e animal desire to gorge !mselves )   
honey t has urg$ on ! bees4 ,!y c\ld d  
?is at _! leisure 9 ! /ore-rooms at     
home4 ,wat* !m 9 an analog\s            
circum/ance2 foll[ !m2 y w see t1 z soon
 z _! sac is fill$1 !y w return to !    
hive & add _! spoil to ! g5]al /ore2 &  
visit ! m>vell\s v9tage1 & leave x1     
p]haps ?irty times 9 an h\r4 ,_!        

admirable lab\rs1 !re=e1 are inspir$ by 
a s+le desire3 zeal to br+ z mu* weal? z
 !y c to ! home ( _! si/]s1 :i* is also 
! home ( ! future4 ,:5 we discov] a     
cause z dis9t]e/$ = ! follies ( m51 we  
are apt to call !m by ano!r "n4  #dd    
,h[ev]1 ! :ole tru? mu/ be told4 ,9 !   
mid/ ( ! m>vels ( _! indu/ry1 _! policy1
 _! sacrifice1 "o ?+ exi/s t mu/ always 
*eck & weak5 our admiration2 & ?is is ! 
indiff]5ce ) :i* !y reg>d ! mis=tunes or
 dea? ( _! comrades4 ,!re is a /range   
duality 9 ! "* ( ! bee4 ,9 ! he>t ( !   
hive all help & love ea* o!r4 ,!y are z 
unit$ z ! good ?\ghts t dwell 9 ! same  
s\l4 ,w\nd "o ( !m1 & a ?\s& w sacrifice
 !mselves to av5ge its injury4 ,b       
outside ! hive !y no long] recognise ea*
 o!r4 ,mutilate !m1 cru% !m1--or r1 d   
no?+ ( ! k9d2 x w\ld be a useless       
cruelty1 = ! fact is e/abli%$ beyond any
 d\bt1--b 7 y to mutilate1 or cru%1 on a
 piece ( comb plac$ a few /eps f _!     
dwell+1 tw5ty or ?irty bees t h all     
issu$ f ! same hive1 ^? y h left unt\*$ 

w n ev5 turn _! heads4 ,) _! tongue1    
fanta/ic z a ,*9ese weapon1 !y w        
tranquilly cont9ue to absorb ! liquid !y
 hold m preci\s ?an life1 he$less ( !   
agony ^: la/ ge/ures almo/ are t\*+ !m1 
( ! cries ( di/ress t arise all ar\nd4  
,& :5 ! comb is empty1 s great is _!    
anxiety t no?+ %all be lo/1 t _!        
eag]ness to ga!r ! honey :i* cl+s to !  
victims w induce !m tranquilly to climb 
ov] dead & dy+1 unmov$ by ! pres5ce ( ! 
fir/ & nev] dream+ ( help+ ! o!rs4 ,9   
?is case1 !re=e1 !y h no notion ( !     
dang] !y run1 see+ t !y are :olly       
untr\bl$ by ! dea? t is scatt]$ ab\t !m1
 & !y h n ! slighte/ s5se ( solid>ity or
 pity4 ,z reg>ds ! dang]1 ! explanation 
lies ready to h&2 ! bees "k n ! mean+ ( 
fe>1 &1 ) ! exception only ( smoke1 are 
afraid ( no?+ 9 ! _w4 ,outside ! hive1  
!y display extreme condesc5sion &       
=be>ance4 ,!y w avoid :atev] di/urbs !m1
 & affect to ignore its exi/5ce1 s long 
z x come n too close2 z ?\gh aw>e t ?is 
univ]se belongs to all1 t ea* "o has 8  

place !re1 & mu/ ne$s be discreet &     
peaceful4 ,b b5ea? ?is indulg5ce is     
quietly hidd5 a he>t s sure ( itself t x
 nev] dreams ( prote/+4 ,if !y are      
?reat5$1 !y w alt] _! c\rse1 b nev]     
attempt to escape4 ,9 ! hive1 h[ev]1 !y 
w n conf9e !mselves to ?is passive      
ignor+ ( p]il4 ,!y w spr+ ) incr$ible   
fury on any liv+ ?+1 ant or lion or man1
 t d>es to pr(ane ! sacr$ ark4 ,?is we  
may t]m ang]1 ridicul\s ob/9acy1 or     
h]oism1 accord+ z our m9d be dispos$4   
,b ( _! want ( solid>ity outside ! hive1
 & ev5 ( sympa?y )9 x1 ,i c f9d no?+ to 
say4 ,are we to believe t ea* =m (      
intellect possesses its own /range      
limitation1 & t ! t9y flame :i* ) s mu* 
difficulty at la/ burns its way ?r\gh   
in]t matt] & issues =? f ! bra91 is /ill
 s unc]ta9 t if x illum9e "o po9t m     
/rongly ! o!rs are =c$ into black]      
d>kness8 ,"h we f9d t ! bees 7or nature 
act+ )9 !m7 h organis$ "w 9 common1 !   
love & cult ( ! future1 9 a mann] m     
p]fect ?an c else:]e be discov]$4 ,is x 

= ?is reason t !y h lo/ sight ( all !   
re/8 ,!y give _! love to :at lies ahead 
( !m2 we be/[ ours on :at is ar\nd4 ,&  
we :o love "h1 p]haps1 h no love left = 
:at is beyond4 ,no?+ v>ies s mu* z !    
direction ( pity or *>ity4 ,we ourselves
 %\ld =m]ly h be5 f> less %ock$ ?an we  
are to-day at ! ins5sibility ( ! bees2 &
 to _m an anci5t p su* conduct w\ld n h 
seem$ blamewor?y4 ,& fur!r1 c we tell h[
 _m ( ! ?+s t we d w\ld %ock a be+ :o   
might be wat*+ u z we wat* ! bees8      
,,iv -- ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,bee  #de   
,,let u n[1 9 ord] to =m a cle>]        
conception ( ! bees' intellectual p[]1  
proce$ to consid] _! me?ods (           
int]-communication4 ,!re c be no d\bt+ t
 !y und]/& ea* o!r2 & inde$ x 7 surely  
impossible = a republic s consid]able1  
:]e9 ! lab\rs are s v>i$ & s m>vell\sly 
comb9$1 to subsi/ amid ! sil5ce &       
spiritual isolation ( s _m ?\s&         
creatures4 ,!y mu/ be able1 !re=e1 to   
give expression to ?\ghts & feel+s1 by  
means ei!r ( a phonetic vocabul>y or m  

probably ( "s k9d ( tactile language or 
magnetic intuition1 correspond+ p]haps  
to s5ses & prop]ties ( matt] :olly      
unkn[n to ourselves4 ,& su* intuition   
well might lodge 9 ! my/]i\s            
ant5nae--conta9+1 9 ! case ( ! work]s1  
accord+ to ,*e%ire's calculation1 twelve
 ?\s& tactile hairs & five ?\s&         
smell-holl[s1 :]e) !y probe & fa?om !   
d>kness4 ,= ! mutual und]/&+ ( ! bees is
 n conf9$ to _! habitual lab\rs2 !      
extraord9>y also has a "n & place 9 _!  
language2 z is prov$ by ! mann] 9 :i*   
news1 good or bad1 normal or            
sup]natural1 w at once spread 9 ! hive2 
! loss or return ( ! "m1 = in/ance1 !   
entrance ( an enemy1 ! intrusion ( a    
/range que51 ! approa* ( a b& ( m>aud]s1
 ! discov]y ( treasure1 etc4 ,& s       
*>act]i/ic is _! attitude1 s ess5tially 
diff]5t _! murmur at ea* ( ^! special   
ev5ts1 t ! exp]i5c$ api>i/ c )\t        
difficulty tell :at is tr\bl+ ! cr[d t  
moves di/ract$ly to & fro 9 ! %ad[4  ,if
 y desire a m def9ite pro(1 y h b to    

wat* a bee t %all j h discov]$ a few    
drops ( honey on y\r w9d[-sill or !     
corn] ( y\r table4 ,%e w imm$iately     
gorge h]self ) x2 & s eag]ly1 t y w h   
"t1 )\t fe> ( di/urb+ h]1 to m>k h] t9y 
belt ) a t\* ( pa9t4 ,b ?is gluttony (  
h]s is all on ! surface2 ! honey w n    
pass into ! /oma* prop]1 into :at we    
might call h] p]sonal /oma*1 b rema9s 9 
! sac1 ! fir/ /oma*1--t ( ! community1  
if "o may s express x4 ,?is res]voir    
full1 ! bee w dep>t1 b n ) ! free &     
?\ghtless motion ( ! fly or butt]fly2   
%e1 on ! contr>y1 w = "s mom5ts fly     
backw>ds1 hov]+ eag]ly ab\t ! table or  
w9d[1 ) h] head turn$ t[>d ! room4  ,%e 
is reconnoitr+1 fix+ 9 h] memory ! exact
 position ( ! treasure4 ,!reupon %e w g 
to ! hive1 disgorge h] plund] into "o ( 
! provision-cells1 & 9 ?ree or f\r      
m9utes return1 & resume op]ations at !  
provid5tial w9d[4 ,& ?us1 :ile ! honey  
la/s1 w %e come & g1 at int]vals ( e    
five m9utes1 till ev5+1 if ne$ be2 )\t  
int]ruption or re/2 pursu+ h] regul>    

j\rneys f ! hive to ! w9d[1 f ! w9d[    
back to ! hive4  #df  ,_m ( ^? :o h     
writt5 on bees h ?\ght fit to adorn !   
tru?2 ,i myself h no su* desire4 ,=     
/udies ( ?is description to possess any 
int]e/1 x is ess5tial t !y %\ld rema9   
absolutely s9c]e4 ,_h ! conclusion be5  
=c$ ^u me t bees are incapable (        
communicat+ to ea* o!r news ( an ev5t   
occurr+ outside ! hive1 ,i %\ld1 ,i     
imag9e1 z a set-(f aga9/ ! slight       
disappo9tm5t ?is discov]y w\ld h        
entail$1 h d]iv$ "s degree (            
satisfaction 9 recognis+ once m t man1  
aft] all1 is ! only truly intellig5t be+
 :o inhabits our globe4 ,& !re comes too
 a p]iod ( life :5 we h m joy 9 say+ !  
?+ t is true ?an 9 say+ ! ?+ t m]ely is 
wond]ful4 ,"h z 9 e case ! pr9ciple     
holds t1 %\ld ! nak$ tru? appe> at !    
mom5t less int]e/+1 less great & noble  
?an ! imag9>y embelli%m5t x lies 9 our  
p[] to be/[1 ! fault mu/ re/ ) ourselves
 :o /ill are unable to p]ceive ! a/oni%+
 relation 9 :i* ?is tru? always mu/ /&  

to our be+1 & to univ]sal law2 & 9 t    
case x is n ! tru?1 b our intellect1 t  
ne$s embelli%m5t & ennoblem5t4  ,i w    
frankly confess1 !re=e1 t ! m>k$ bee (t5
 returns alone4 ,%all we believe t 9    
bees !re exi/s ! same diff]5ce ( "* z 9 
m52 t ( !m too "s are gossips1 & o!rs   
prone to sil5ce8 ,a fri5d :o /ood by &  
wat*$ my exp]im5t1 decl>$ t x 0 evid5tly
 m]e selfi%ness or vanity t caus$ s _m (
 ! bees to refra9 f reveal+ ! s\rce ( _!
 weal?1 & f %>+ ) o!rs ! glory ( an     
a*ievem5t t mu/ seem miracul\s to !     
hive4 ,^! 7 sad vices inde$1 :i* give n 
=? ! sweet od\r1 s fragrant & loyal1 t  
spr+s f ! home ( ! _m ?\s& si/]s4 ,b1   
:atev] ! cause1 x (t5 w also happ5 t !  
bee :om =tune has fav\r$ w return to !  
honey accompani$ by two or ?ree fri5ds4 
,i am aw>e t ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 9 !   
app5dix to 8 book on ,ants1 ,bees1 &    
,wasps1 records ! results ( 8           
inve/igations 9 long & m9ute tables2 & f
 ^! we are l$ to inf] t x is a matt] (  
r>e/ occurr5ce = a s+le bee to foll[ !  

"o :o has made ! discov]y4 ,! le>n$     
naturali/ does n "n ! race ( bees :i* he
 select$ = 8 exp]im5ts1 or tell u :e!r !
 conditions 7 especially unfav\rable4 ,z
 = myself ,i only c say t my own tables1
 compil$ ) great c>e1--& e possible     
precaution hav+ be5 tak5 t ! bees %\ld n
 be directly attract$ by ! od\r ( !     
honey1--e/abli% t on an av]age "o bee w 
br+ o!rs f\r times out ( t54  ,i ev5 "o 
day came across an extraord9>y little   
,italian bee1 ^: belt ,i _h m>k$ ) a t\*
 ( blue pa9t4 ,9 h] second trip %e      
br\ght two ( h] si/]s1 :om ,i imprison$1
 )\t int]f]+ ) h]4 ,%e dep>t$ once m1 & 
?is "t return$ ) ?ree fri5ds1 :om ,i    
aga9 conf9$1 & s till ! end ( !         
aft]noon1 :51 c\nt+ my prison]s1 ,i f\nd
 t %e _h told ! news to no less ?an     
eighte5 bees4  ,9 fact y w f9d1 if y    
make ?is exp]im5t y\rself1 t            
communication1 if n g5]al1 at lea/ is   
frequ5t4 ,! possession ( ?is faculty is 
s well kn[n to ,am]ican bee-hunt]s t !y 
trade ^u x :5 engag$ 9 se>*+ = ne/s4    

,mr4 ,josiah ,em]y rem>ks on ?is head   
7quot$ by ,romanes 9 8 ,intellect (     
,animals73 ,go+ to a field or wood at a 
di/ance f tame bees ) _! box ( honey1 !y
 ga!r up f ! fl[]s & imprison "o or m   
bees1 & aft] !y h become suffici5tly    
gorg$1 let !m out to return to _! home )
 _! easily gott5 load4 ,wait+ pati5tly a
 long] or %ort] "t1 accord+ to ! di/ance
 ( ! bee-tree1 ! hunt] sc>cely ev] fails
 to see ! bee or bees return accompani$ 
by o!r bees1 :i* are 9 l mann] imprison$
 till !y 9 turn are fill$2 !n "o or m   
are let out at places di/ant f ea* o!r1 
& ! direction 9 :i* ! bee flies not$2 & 
?us1 by a k9d ( triangulation1 !        
position ( ! bee-tree proximately       
asc]ta9$4  #dg  ,y w notice too 9 y\r   
exp]im5ts t ! fri5ds :o appe> to obey ! 
behe/s ( good =tune d n always fly      
toge!r1 & t !re w (t5 be an int]val (   
sev]al seconds betwe5 ! diff]5t         
arrivals4 ,z reg>ds ^! communications1  
!re=e1 we mu/ ask ourselves ! "q t ,sir 
,john ,lubbock has solv$ z f> z ! ants  

are conc]n$4  ,d ! comrades :o flock to 
! treasure only foll[ ! bee t fir/ made 
! discov]y1 or h !y be5 s5t on by h]1 & 
d !y f9d x ?r\gh foll[+ h] indications1 
h] description ( ! place :]e x lies8    
,betwe5 ^! two hypo!ses1 t ref] directly
 to ! ext5t & work+ ( ! bee's intellect1
 !re is obvi\sly an enorm\s diff]5ce4 ,!
 ,engli% savant has succe$$1 by means ( 
an elaborate & +5i\s arrangem5t (       
gangways1 corridors1 moats full ( wat]1 
& fly+ bridges1 9 e/abli%+ t ! ants 9   
su* cases d no m ?an foll[ 9 ! track ( !
 pione]+ insect4 ,) ants1 t c be made to
 pass :]e "o w1 su* exp]im5ts are       
possible2 b = ! bee1 ^: w+s ?r[ e av5ue 
op51 "s o!r exp$i5t mu/ ( necessity be  
contriv$4 ,i imag9$ ! foll[+1 :i*1 ?\gh 
x gave no def9ite result1 might yet1 "u 
m fav\rable conditions1 & if organis$ m 
c>efully1 give rise to def9ite &        
satisfactory conclusions4  ,my /udy 9 ! 
c\ntry is on ! fir/ floor1 above a      
some:at l(ty room2 suffici5tly high1    
!re=e1 to be out ( ! ord9>y range ( !   

bees' flight1 except at times :5 !      
*e/nuts & lime trees are 9 bloom4 ,& = m
 ?an a week be=e ,i />t$ ?is exp]im5t ,i
 _h kept on my table an op5 comb (      
honey1 )\t ! p]fume hav+ attract$1 or   
induc$ ! visit (1 a s+le bee4 ,!n ,i w5t
 to a glass hive t 0 close to ! h\se1   
took an ,italian bee1 br\ght h] to my   
/udy1 set h] on ! comb1 & m>k$ h] :ile  
%e 0 fe$+4  ,:5 satisfi$1 %e flew away &
 return$ to ! hive4 ,i foll[$1 saw h]   
pass ov] ! surface ( ! cr[d1 plunge h]  
head into an empty cell1 disgorge h]    
honey1 & prep>e to set =? aga94 ,at !   
door ( ! hive ,i _h plac$ a glass box1  
divid$ by a trap into two comp>tm5ts4 ,!
 bee flew into ?is box2 & z %e 0 alone1 
& no o!r bee seem$ to accompany or foll[
 h]1 ,i imprison$ h] & left h] !re4 ,i  
!n repeat$ ! exp]im5t on tw5ty diff]5t  
bees 9 succession4 ,:5 ! m>k$ bee       
reappe>$ alone1 ,i imprison$ h] z ,i _h 
imprison$ ! fir/4 ,b eight ( !m came to 
! ?re%old ( ! hive & ent]$ ! box        
accompani$ by two or ?ree fri5ds4 ,by   

means ( ! trap ,i 0 able to sep>ate !   
m>k$ bee f h] companions1 & to keep h] a
 prison] 9 ! fir/ comp>tm5t4 ,!n1 hav+  
m>k$ h] companions ) a diff]5t col\r1 ,i
 ?rew op5 ! second comp>tm5t & set !m at
 lib]ty1 myself return+ quickly to my   
/udy to await _! arrival4 ,n[ x is      
evid5t t if a v]bal or magnetic         
communication _h pass$1 indicat+ !      
place1 describ+ ! way1 etc41 a c]ta9    
numb] ( ! bees1 hav+ be5 furni%$ ) ?is  
in=mation1 %\ld h f\nd _! way to my     
room4 ,i am compell$ to admit t !re came
 b a s+le "o4 ,0 ?is m]e *ance1 or _h %e
 foll[$ in/ructions receiv$8 ,! exp]im5t
 0 insuffici5t1 b circum/ances prev5t$  
me f c>ry+ x fur!r4 ,i releas$ ! bait$  
bees1 & my /udy soon 0 besieg$ by !     
buzz+ cr[d to :om !y _h taught ! way to 
! treasure4  ,we ne$ n conc]n ourselves 
) ?is incomplete attempt ( m9e1 = _m o!r
 curi\s traits compel u to recognise !  
exi/5ce among ! bees ( spiritual        
communications t g beyond a m]e yes or  
no1 & t are manife/ 9 cases :]e m]e     

example or ge/ure w\ld n be suffici5t4  
,( su*1 = in/ance1 are ! rem>kable      
h>mony ( _! "w 9 ! hive1 ! extraord9>y  
division ( lab\r1 ! regul>ity ) :i* "o  
work] w take ! place ( ano!r1 etc4 ,i h 
(t5 m>k$ bees t w5t =ag+ 9 ! morn+1 &   
f\nd t1 9 ! aft]noon1 unless fl[]s 7    
specially abundant1 !y w\ld be engag$ 9 
heat+ & fann+ ! brood-cells1 or p]haps  
w\ld =m "p ( ! my/]i\s1 motionless      
curta9 9 ^: mid/ ! wax-mak]s & sculptors
 w\ld be at "w4 ,simil>ly ,i h notic$ t 
work]s :om ,i h se5 ga!r+ poll5 = ! :ole
 ( "o day1 w br+ no poll5 back on !     
morr[1 b w conc]n !mselves exclusively )
 ! se>* = nect>1 & vice-v]sa4  #dh  ,&  
fur!r1 we might m5tion :at ,m4 ,georges 
de ,lay5s1 ! celebrat$ ,fr5* api>i/1    
t]ms ! ,di/ribution ( ,bees ov]         
,mellif]\s ,plants4 ,day aft] day1 at ! 
fir/ h\r ( sunrise1 ! explor]s ( ! dawn 
return1 & ! hive awakes to receive !    
good news ( ! e>?4 ,! lime trees are    
blossom+ to-day on ! banks ( ! canal4 ,!
 grass by ! roadside is gay ) :ite      

clov]4 ,! sage & ! lotus are ab\t to    
op54 ,! mignonette1 ! lilies are ov]fl[+
 ) poll54 ,:]eupon ! bees mu/ organise  
quickly1 & arrange to divide ! "w4 ,five
 ?\s& ( ! /urdie/ w sully =? to ! lime  
trees1 :ile ?ree ?\s& juniors g & refre%
 ! :ite clov]4 ,^? :o ye/]day 7 absorb+ 
nect> f ! corollas w to-day repose _!   
tongue & ! gl&s ( _! sac1 & ga!r r$     
poll5 f ! mignonette1 or yell[ poll5 f !
 tall lilies2 = nev] %all y see a bee   
collect+ or mix+ poll5 ( a diff]5t col\r
 or species2 & inde$ "o ( ! *ief        
pre-occupations ( ! hive is ! me?odical 
be/[al ( ^! poll5s 9 ! /ore-rooms1 9    
/rict accordance ) _! orig9 & col\r4    
,?us does ! hidd5 g5ius issue its       
comm&s4 ,! work]s imm$iately sally =?1 9
 long black files1 :]e( ea* "o w fly    
/raight to its allott$ task4 ,! bees1   
says ,de ,lay5s1 w\ld seem to be        
p]fectly in=m$ z to ! locality1 !       
relative mellif]\s value1 & ! di/ance ( 
e mellif]\s plant )9 a c]ta9 radius f ! 
hive4  ,if we c>efully note ! diff]5t   

directions 9 :i* ^! =ag]s fly1 & obs]ve 
9 detail ! h>ve/ !y ga!r f ! v>i\s      
plants ar\nd1 we %all f9d t ! work]s    
di/ribute !mselves ov] ! fl[]s 9        
proportion n only to ! numb]s ( fl[]s ( 
"o species1 b also to _! mellif]\s      
value4 ,nay1 m--!y make daily           
calculations z to ! means ( obta9+ !    
greate/ possible weal? ( sac*>9e liquid4
 ,9 ! spr+1 = in/ance1 aft] ! will[s h  
bloom$1 :5 ! fields /ill are b>e1 & !   
fir/ fl[]s ( ! woods are ! "o res\rce ( 
! bees1 we %all see !m eag]ly visit+    
gorse & violets1 lungworts & anemones4  
,b1 a few days lat]1 :5 fields ( cabbage
 & colza beg9 to fl[] 9 suffici5t       
abundance1 we %all f9d t ! bees w almo/ 
entirely =sake ! plants 9 ! woods1 ?\gh 
^! be /ill 9 full blossom1 & w conf9e _!
 visits to ! fl[]s ( cabbage & colza    
alone4 ,9 ?is fa%ion !y regulate1 day by
 day1 _! di/ribution ov] ! plants1 s z  
to collect ! greate/ value ( sac*>9e    
liquid 9 ! lea/ possible "t4  ,x may    
fairly be claim$1 !re=e1 = ! colony (   

bees t1 9 its h>ve/+ lab\rs no less ?an 
9 its int]nal economy1 x is able to     
e/abli% a rational di/ribution ( ! numb]
 ( work]s )\t ev] di/urb+ ! pr9ciple ( !
 division ( lab\r4  #di  ,b :at h we to 
d1 "s w ask1 ) ! intellig5ce ( ! bees8  
,:at conc]n is x ( ours :e!r ?is be a   
little less or a little m8 ,:y weigh1 ) 
su* inf9ite c>e1 a m9ute fragm5t ( almo/
 invisible matt]1 z ?\gh x 7 a fluid    
:]eon dep5d$ ! de/9y ( man8 ,i hold1 &  
exagg]ate no?+1 t our int]e/ h]e9 is ( !
 mo/ consid]able4 ,! discov]y ( a sign (
 true intellect outside ourselves       
procures u some?+ ( ! emotion ,rob9son  
,crusoe felt :5 he saw ! impr9t ( a     
human foot on ! s&y bea* ( 8 isl&4 ,we  
seem less solit>y ?an we _h believ$4 ,& 
inde$1 9 our endeav\r to und]/& !       
intellect ( ! bees1 we are /udy+ 9 !m t 
:i* is mo/ preci\s 9 our own sub/ance3  
an atom ( ! extraord9>y matt] :i*       
possesses1 :]ev] x atta* itself1 !      
magnific5t p[] ( transfigur+ bl9d       
necessity1 ( organis+1 embelli%+1 &     

multiply+ life2 &1 mo/ /rik+ ( all1 (   
hold+ 9 susp5se ! ob/9ate =ce ( dea?1 & 
! mighty1 irresponsible wave t wraps    
almo/ all t exi/s 9 an et]nal           
unconsci\sness4  ,7 we sole possessors (
 ! p>ticle ( matt] t1 :5 ma9ta9$ 9 a    
special condition ( fl[] or inc&esc5ce1 
we t]m ! intellect1 we %\ld to "s ext5t 
be entitl$ to look on ourselves z       
privileg$ be+s1 & to imag9e t 9 u nature
 a*iev$ "s k9d ( aim2 b "h we discov]1 9
 ! hym5opt]a1 an entire category ( be+s 
9 :om a m or less id5tical aim is       
a*iev$4 ,& ?is fact1 ?\gh x decide no?+ 
p]haps1 /ill holds an hon\rable place 9 
! mass ( t9y facts t help to ?r[ light  
on our position 9 ?is _w4 ,x af=ds ev51 
if consid]$ f a c]ta9 po9t ( view1 a    
fre% pro( ( ! mo/ enigmatic "p ( our    
be+2 = ! sup]positions ( de/9ies t we   
f9d 9 ! hive are survey$ by u f an      
em95ce l(ti] ?an any we c atta9 = !     
contemplation ( ! de/9ies ( man4 ,!re we
 see be=e u1 9 m9iature1 ! l>ge & simple
 l9es t 9 our own disproportionate sph]e

 we nev] h ! occasion to dis5tangle &   
foll[ to ! end4 ,_s & matt] are !re1 !  
race & ! individual1 evolution &        
p]man5ce1 life & dea?1 ! pa/ & ! future2
 all ga!r$ toge!r 9 a retreat t our h& c
 lift & "o look ( our eye embrace4 ,&   
may we n reasonably ask ourselves :e!r !
 m]e size ( a body1 & ! room t x fills 9
 "t & space1 c modify to ! ext5t we     
imag9e ! secret idea ( nature2 ! idea t 
we try to discov] 9 ! little hi/ory ( ! 
hive1 :i* 9 a few days already is       
anci5t1 no less ?an 9 ! great hi/ory (  
man1 ( :om ?ree g5]ations ov]lap a long 
c5tury8  #ej  ,let u g on1 !n1 ) ! /ory 
( our hive2 let u take x up :]e we left 
x2 & raise1 z high z we may1 a fold ( ! 
fe/oon$ curta9 9 ^: mid/ a /range sweat1
 :ite z sn[ & airi] ?an ! d[n ( a w+1 is
 beg9n+ to break ov] ! sw>m4 ,= ! wax t 
is n[ be+ born is n l ! wax t we "k2 x  
is immaculate1 x has no weight2 seem+   
truly to be ! s\l ( ! honey1 t itself is
 ! _s ( fl[]s4 ,& ?is motionless        
incantation has call$ x =? t x may s]ve 

u1 lat]--9 memory ( its orig91 d\btless1
 :]e9 x is "o ) ! azure sky1 & heavy )  
p]fumes ( magnific5ce & purity--z !     
fragrant light ( ! la/ ( our alt>s4  #ea
  ,to foll[ ! v>i\s phases ( ! secretion
 & employm5t ( wax by a sw>m t is beg9n+
 to build1 is a matt] ( v great         
difficulty4 ,all comes to pass 9 !      
blacke/ dep?s ( ! cr[d1 ^: agglom]ation1
 gr[+ d5s] & d5s]1 produces ! temp]ature
 ne$ful = ?is exudation1 :i* is !       
privilege ( ! y\nge/ bees4 ,hub]1 :o 0 !
 fir/ to /udy ^! ph5om5a1 br++ incr$ible
 pati5ce to be> & expos+ himself at     
times to v s]i\s dang]1 devotes to !m m 
?an two hundr$ & fifty pages2 :i*1 ?\gh 
( consid]able int]e/1 are necess>ily    
some:at confus$4 ,b ,i am n treat+ ?is  
subject te*nically2 & :ile ref]r+ :5    
necess>y to ,hub]'s admirable /udies1 ,i
 %all conf9e myself g5]ally to relat+   
:at is pat5t to any "o :o may ga!r a    
sw>m into a glass hive4  ,we h to admit1
 fir/ ( all1 t we "k n yet by :at       
process ( al*emy ! honey trans=ms itself

 into wax 9 ! enigmatic bodies ( our    
susp5d$ bees4 ,we c only say t !y w     
rema9 ?us susp5d$ = a p]iod ext5d+ f    
eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 9 a          
temp]ature s high t "o might almo/      
believe t a fire 0 burn+ 9 ! holl[ ( !  
hive2 & !n :ite & transp>5t scales w    
appe> at ! op5+ ( f\r little pockets t e
 bee has und]nea? its abdom54  ,:5 !    
bodies ( mo/ ( ^? :o =m ! inv]t$ cone h 
?us be5 adorn$ ) ivory tablets1 we %all 
see "o ( ! bees1 z ?\gh sudd5ly inspir$1
 abruptly deta* h]self f ! mass1 & climb
 ov] ! backs ( ! passive cr[d till %e   
rea* ! inn] p9nacle ( ! cupola4 ,to ?is 
%e w fix h]self solidly1 dislodg+1 )    
repeat$ bl[s ( h] head1 su* ( h]        
neighb\rs z may seem to hamp] h]        
movem5ts4 ,!n1 ) h] m\? & claws1 %e w   
seize "o ( ! eight scales t hang f h]   
abdom51 & at once proce$ to clip x &    
plane x1 ext5d x1 knead x ) h] saliva1  
b5d x & flatt5 x1 roll x & /raight5 x1 )
 ! skill ( a c>p5t] h&l+ a pliable      
panel4 ,:5 at la/ ! sub/ance1 ?us       

treat$1 appe>s to h] to possess !       
requir$ dim5sions & consi/5cy1 %e w     
atta* x to ! highe/ po9t ( ! dome1 ?us  
lay+ ! fir/1 or r ! key/one ( ! new t[n2
 = we h "h an inv]t$ city1 hang+ d[n f !
 sky1 & n ris+ f ! bosom ( e>? l a city 
( m54  ,to ?is key/one1 dep5d+ 9 ! void1
 %e w add o!r fragm5ts ( wax t %e takes 
9 succession f b5ea? h] r+s ( horn2 &   
f9ally1 ) "o la/ lick ( ! tongue1 "o la/
 wave ( ant5nae1 %e w g z sudd5ly z %e  
came1 & disappe> 9 ! cr[d4 ,ano!r w at  
once take h] place1 cont9ue ! "w at !   
po9t :]e ! fir/ "o has left x1 add on h]
 own1 *ange & adju/ :atev] may seem to  
(f5d ! ideal plan ( ! tribe1 !n vani% 9 
h] turn1 to be succe$$ by a ?ird1 a     
f\r?1 & a fif?1 all appe>+ unexpect$ly1 
sudd5ly1 "o aft] ! o!r1 none complet+ ! 
"w1 b ea* br++ h] %>e to ! task 9 :i*   
all comb9e4  #eb  ,a small block ( wax1 
=mless z yet1 hangs d[n f ! top ( !     
vault4 ,s soon z its ?ickness may be    
deem$ suffici5t1 we %all see ano!r bee  
em]ge f ! mass1 h] physical appe>ance   

diff]+ appreciably f t ( ! f\ndresses :o
 prec$$ h]4 ,& h] mann] displays su*    
settl$ conviction1 h] movem5ts are      
foll[$ s eag]ly by all ! cr[d1 t we     
almo/ might fancy t "s illu/ri\s eng9e] 
_h be5 summon$ to trace 9 ! void ! site 
( ! fir/ cell ( all1 f :i* e o!r mu/    
ma!matically dep5d4 ,?is bee belongs to 
! sculptor or c>v] class ( work]s2 %e   
produces no wax h]self & is cont5t to   
deal ) ! mat]ials o!rs provide4 ,%e     
locates ! fir/ cell1 scoops into ! block
 = an in/ant1 lays ! wax %e has remov$ f
 ! cavity on ! bord]s ar\nd x2 & !n1 l !
 f\ndresses1 abruptly dep>ts & ab&ons h]
 model4 ,h] place is tak5 at once by an 
impati5t work]1 :o cont9ues ! task t a  
?ird w f9i%1 :ile o!rs close by are     
attack+ ! re/ ( ! surface & ! opposite  
side ( ! wall2 ea* "o obey+ ! g5]al law 
( int]rupt$ & successive lab\r1 z ?\gh x
 7 an inh]5t pr9ciple ( ! hive t ! pride
 ( toil %\ld be di/ribut$1 & e a*ievem5t
 be anonym\s & common to all1 t x might 
!reby become m frat]nal4  #ec  ,! outl9e

 ( ! nasc5t comb may soon be div9$4 ,9  
=m x w /ill be l5ticul>1 = ! little     
prismatic tubes t compose x are unequal 
9 l5g?1 & dim9i% 9 proportion z !y rec$e
 f ! c5tre to ! extremities4 ,9 ?ickness
 & appe>ance at pres5t x m or less      
resembles a human tongue ^: sides might 
be =m$ ( hexagonal cells1 contigu\s1 &  
plac$ back to back4  ,! fir/ cells hav+ 
be5 built1 ! f\ndresses proce$ to add a 
second block ( wax to ! ro(2 & s 9      
gradation a ?ird & a f\r?4 ,^! blocks   
foll[ ea* o!r at regul> int]vals s      
nicely calculat$ t :51 at a mu* lat]    
p]iod1 ! comb %all be fully develop$1   
!re w be ample space = ! bees to move   
betwe5 its p>allel walls4  ,_! plan mu/ 
!re=e embrace ! f9al ?ickness ( e comb1 
:i* w be f eighty-eight to n9ety-two    
hundr$?s ( an in*1 & at ! same "t ! wid?
 ( ! av5ues betwe51 :i* mu/ be ab\t half
 an in*1 or 9 o!r words twice ! height (
 a bee1 s9ce !re mu/ be room to pass    
back to back betwe5 ! combs4  ,! bees1  
h[ev]1 are n infallible1 nor does _!    

c]ta9ty appe> me*anical4 ,!y w commit   
grave errors at times1 :5 circum/ances  
pres5t unusual difficulty4 ,!y w (t5    
leave too mu* space1 or too little1     
betwe5 ! combs4 ,?is !y w rem$y z be/ !y
 c1 ei!r by giv+ an oblique twi/ to !   
comb t too ne>ly approa*es ! o!r1 or by 
introduc+ an irregul> comb into ! gap4  
,! bees sometimes make mi/akes1 ,reaumur
 rem>ks on ?is subject1 & h]e9 we may   
f9d yet ano!r fact :i* appe>s to prove t
 !y reason4  #ed  ,we "k t ! bees       
con/ruct f\r k9ds ( cells4 ,fir/ ( all1 
! royal cells1 :i* are exceptional1 &   
contriv$ some:at 9 ! %ape ( an acorn2 !n
 ! l>ge cells de/9$ = ! re>+ ( males &  
/or+ ( provisions :5 fl[]s sup]-ab\nd2 &
 ! small cells1 s]v+ z work]s' cradles &
 ord9>y /ore-rooms1 :i* occupy normally 
ab\t f\r-fif?s ( ! built-ov] surface ( !
 hive4 ,& la/ly1 s z to connect 9 ord]ly
 fa%ion ! l>g] cells ) ! small1 ! bees w
 erect a c]ta9 numb] ( :at are kn[n z   
transition cells4 ,^! mu/ ( necessity be
 irregul> 9 =m2 b s un]r+ly accurate are

 ! dim5sions ( ! second & ?ird types t1 
at ! "t :5 ! decimal sy/em 0 e/abli%$1 &
 a fix$ measure s\ght 9 nature to s]ve z
 a />t+-po9t & an inconte/able /&>d1 x 0
 propos$ by ,reaumur to select = ?is    
purpose ! cell ( ! bee499       99,x 0 z
 well1 p]haps1 t ?is /&>d 0 n           
adopt$4 ,= al?\gh ! diamet] ( ! cells is
 admirably      regul>1 x is1 l all ?+s 
produc$ by a liv+      organism1 n      
ma!matically inv>iable 9 ! same hive4   
,fur!r1 z ,m4 ,maurice ,gir>d has po9t$ 
out1 ! apo!m      ( ! cell v>ies among  
diff]5t races ( bees1 s t      ! /&>d   
w\ld alt] f hive to hive1 accord+ to !  
species ( bee t inhabit$ x4  ,ea* ( !   
cells is an hexagonal tube plac$ on a   
pyramidal base2 & two lay]s ( ^! tubes  
=m ! comb1 _! bases be+ oppos$ to ea*   
o!r 9 su* fa%ion t ea* ( ! ?ree rhombs  
or loz5ges :i* on "o side con/itute !   
pyramidal base ( "o cell1 composes at ! 
same "t ! pyramidal base ( ?ree cells on
 ! o!r4 ,x is 9 ^! prismatic tubes t !  
honey is /or$2 & to prev5t its escap+   

dur+ ! p]iod ( maturation1--:i* w\ld    
infallibly happ5 if ! tubes 7 z /rictly 
horizontal z !y appe> to be1--! bees    
incl9e !m slightly1 to an angle ( #d deg
 or #e deg4  ,besides ! economy ( wax1  
says ,reaumur1 :5 consid]+ ?is m>vell\s 
con/ruction 9 its entirety1 besides !   
economy ( wax t results f ! disposition 
( ! cells1 & ! fact t ?is arrangem5t    
all[s ! bees to fill ! comb )\t leav+ a 
s+le spot vacant1 !re are o!r advantages
 also ) respect to ! solidity ( ! "w4 ,!
 angle at ! base ( ea* cell1 ! apex ( ! 
pyramidal cavity1 is buttress$ by !     
ridge =m$ by two faces ( ! hexagon (    
ano!r cell4 ,! two triangles1 or        
ext5sions ( ! hexagon faces :i* fill "o 
( ! conv]g5t angles ( ! cavity enclos$  
by ! ?ree rhombs1 =m by _! junction a   
plane angle on ! side !y t\*2 ea* ( ^!  
angles1 concave )9 ! cell1 supports1 on 
its convex side1 "o ( ! %eets employ$ to
 =m ! hexagon ( ano!r cell2 ! %eet1     
press+ on ?is angle1 resi/s ! =ce :i* is
 t5d+ to pu% x outw>ds2 & 9 ?is fa%ion !

 angles are /r5g!n$4 ,e advantage t c\ld
 be desir$ ) reg>d to ! solidity ( ea*  
cell is procur$ by its own =mation & its
 position ) ref]5ce to ! o!rs4  #ee     
,!re are only1 says ,dr4 ,reid1 ?ree    
possible figures ( ! cells :i* c make !m
 all equal & simil>1 )\t any useless    
int]/ices4 ,^! are ! equilat]al         
triangle1 ! squ>e1 & ! regul> hexagon4  
,ma!maticians "k t !re is n a f\r? way  
possible 9 :i* a plane %all be cut into 
little spaces t %all be equal1 simil>1 &
 regul>1 )\t useless spaces4 ,( ! ?ree  
figures1 ! hexagon is ! mo/ prop] =     
conv5i5ce & /r5g?4 ,bees1 z if !y knew  
?is1 make _! cells regul> hexagons4     
,aga91 x has be5 demon/rat$ t1 by mak+ !
 bottoms ( ! cells to consi/ ( ?ree     
planes meet+ 9 a po9t1 !re is a sav+ (  
mat]ial & lab\r 9 no way inconsid]able4 
,! bees1 z if acqua9t$ ) ^! pr9ciples ( 
solid geometry1 foll[ !m mo/ accurately4
 ,x is a curi\s ma!matical problem at   
:at precise angle ! ?ree planes :i*     
compose ! bottom ( a cell ought to meet1

 9 ord] to make ! greate/ possible sav+1
 or ! lea/ exp5se ( mat]ial & lab\r499  
,?is is "o ( ! problems :i* belong to ! 
high] p>ts ( ma!matics4 ,x has accord+ly
 be5 resolv$ by "s ma!maticians1        
p>ticul>ly by ! +5i\s ,maclaur91 by a   
fluction>y calculation :i* is to be f\nd
 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society (
 ,london4 ,he has det]m9$ precisely !   
angle requir$1 & he f\nd1 by ! mo/ exact
 m5suration ! subject w\ld admit1 t x is
 ! v angle 9 :i* ! ?ree planes at !     
bottom ( ! cell ( a honey comb d        
actually meet4       99,reaumur sugge/$ 
! foll[+ problem to ! celebrat$         
ma!matician ,ko5ig3 ,( all possible     
hexagonal cells )      pyramidal base   
compos$ ( ?ree equal & simil> rhombs1   
to f9d ! "o ^: con/ruction w\ld ne$ !   
lea/      mat]ial4 ,ko5ig's answ] 01 !  
cell t _h = its      base ?ree rhombs ^:
 l>ge angle 0 #aji deg #bf'1 & !        
small #gj deg #cd'4 ,ano!r savant1      
,m>aldi1 _h measur$ z      exactly z    
possible ! angles ( ! rhombs con/ruct$  

by      ! bees1 & discov]$ ! l>g] to be 
#aji deg #bh'1 &      ! o!r #gj deg     
#cb'4 ,betwe5 ! two solutions !re 0 a   
diff]5ce1 !re=e1 ( only #b'4 ,x is      
probable t !      error1 if error !re   
be1 %\ld be attribut$ to ,m>aldi      r 
?an to ! bees2 = x is impossible = any  
in/rum5t to measure ! angles ( ! cells1 
:i* are n      v cle>ly def9$1 )        
infallible precision4  ,! problem       
sugge/$ to ,ko5ig 0 put to ano!r        
ma!matician1 ,cram]1 ^: solution came   
ev5 clos] to t ( ! bees1 viz41 #aji deg 
#bh #a_/b' = ! l>ge angle1 & #gj deg #ca
 #a_/b' = ! small4  #ef  ,i myself d n  
believe t ! bees indulge 9 ^! ab/ruse   
calculations2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 x seems   
equally impossible to me t su* a/\nd+   
results c be due to *ance alone1 or to !
 m]e =ce ( circum/ance4 ,! wasps1 =     
in/ance1 also build combs ) hexagonal   
cells1 s t = !m ! problem 0 id5tical1 & 
!y h solv$ x 9 a f> less +5i\s fa%ion4  
,_! combs h only "o lay] ( cells1 ?us   
lack+ ! common base t s]ves ! bees = _! 

two opposite lay]s4 ,! wasps' comb1     
!re=e1 is n only less regul>1 b also    
less sub/antial2 & s wa/efully con/ruct$
 t1 besides loss ( mat]ial1 !y mu/      
sacrifice ab\t a ?ird ( ! available     
space & a qu>t] ( ! en]gy !y put =?4    
,aga91 we f9d t ! trigonae & meliponae1 
:i* are v]itable & dome/icat$ bees1 ?\gh
 ( less advanc$ civilisation1 erect only
 "o r[ ( re>+-cells1 & support _!       
horizontal1 sup]pos$ combs on %apeless &
 co/ly columns ( wax4 ,_!               
provision-cells are m]ely great pots1   
ga!r$ toge!r )\t any ord]2 &1 at ! po9t 
betwe5 ! sph]es :]e ^! might h int]sect$
 & induc$ a pr(itable economy ( space & 
mat]ial1 ! meliponae clumsily ins]t a   
section ( cells ) flat walls4 ,inde$1 to
 comp>e "o ( _! ne/s ) ! ma!matical     
cities ( our own honey-flies1 is l      
imag9+ a hamlet compos$ ( primitive huts
 side by side ) a mod]n t[n2 ^: ru?less 
regul>ity is ! logical1 ?\gh p]haps     
some:at *>mless1 result ( ! g5ius ( man1
 t to-day1 m fi]cely ?an ev] be=e1 seeks

 to conqu] space1 matt]1 & "t4  #eg     
,!re is a !ory1 orig9ally prop\nd$ by   
,buffon & n[ reviv$1 :i* assumes t !    
bees h n ! lea/ int5tion ( con/ruct+    
hexagons ) a pyramidal base1 b t _!     
desire is m]ely to contrive r\nd cells 9
 ! wax2 only1 t z _! neighb\rs1 & ^? at 
"w on ! opposite side ( ! comb1 are     
digg+ at ! same mom5t & ) ! same        
int5tions1 ! po9ts :]e ! cells meet mu/ 
( necessity become hexagonal4 ,besides1 
x is said1 ?is is precisely :at happ5s  
to cry/als1 ! scales ( c]ta9 k9ds ( fi%1
 soap-bubbles1 etc41 z x happ5s 9 !     
foll[+ exp]im5t t ,buffon sugge/$4 ,if1 
he said1 y fill a di% ) peas or any o!r 
cyl9drical bean1 p\r z mu* wat] into x z
 ! space betwe5 ! beans w all[1 close x 
c>efully & !n boil ! wat]1 y w f9d t all
 ^! cyl9d]s h become six-sid$ columns4  
,& ! reason is evid5t1 be+ inde$ purely 
me*anical2 ea* ( ! cyl9drical beans     
t5ds1 z x swells1 to occupy ! utmo/     
possible space )9 a giv5 space2 :]e=e x 
foll[s t ! reciprocal compression       

compels !m all to become hexagonal4     
,simil>ly ea* bee seeks to occupy !     
utmo/ possible space )9 a giv5 space1 ) 
! necess>y result t1 its body be+       
cyl9drical1 ! cells become hexagonal = !
 same reason z be=e1 viz41 ! work+ (    
reciprocal ob/acles4  #eh  ,^!          
reciprocal ob/acles1 x w\ld seem1 are   
capable ( m>vell\s a*ievem5t2 on ! same 
pr9ciple1 d\btless1 t ! vices ( man     
produce a g5]al virtue1 :]eby ! human   
race1 hateful (t5 9 its individuals1    
ceases to be s 9 ! mass4 ,we might      
reply1 fir/ ( all1 ) ,br\gham1 ,kirby & 
,sp5ce1 & o!rs1 t exp]im5ts ) peas &    
soap-bubbles prove no?+2 = ! reason t 9 
bo? cases ! pressure produces only      
irregul> =ms1 & 9 no wise expla9s !     
exi/5ce ( ! prismatic base ( ! cells4 ,b
 above all we might answ] t !re are m   
ways ?an "o ( deal+ ) rigid necessity2 t
 ! wasp1 ! humble-bee1 ! trigonae &     
meliponae ( ,mexico & ,brazil a*ieve v  
diff]5t & manife/ly inf]ior results1    
al?\gh ! circum/ances1 & _! own         

int5tions1 are absolutely id5tical ) ^? 
( ! bees4 ,x might fur!r be urg$ t if ! 
bee's cell does inde$ foll[ ! law t     
gov]ns cry/als1 sn[1 soap-bubbles1 z    
well z ,buffon's boil$ peas1 x also1    
?r\gh its g5]al symmetry1 disposition 9 
opposite lay]s1 & angle ( incl9ation1   
obeys _m o!r laws t are n to be f\nd 9  
matt]4 ,may we n say1 too1 ( man t all 8
 g5ius is compris$ 9 8 fa%ion ( h&l+    
k9dr$ necessities8 ,& if x appe> to u t 
8 mann] ( treat+ ^! is ! be/ !re c      
possibly be1 ! reason only c lie 9 !    
abs5ce ( a judge sup]ior to ourselves4  
,b x is well t argum5t %\ld make way =  
fact2 & inde$1 to ! objection bas$ on an
 exp]im5t1 ! be/ reply ( all mu/ be a   
c\nt]-exp]im5t4  ,9 ord] to satisfy     
myself t hexagonal ar*itecture truly 0  
writt5 9 ! _s ( ! bee1 ,i cut (f &      
remov$ "o day a disc ( ! size ( a       
five-franc piece f ! c5tre ( a comb1 at 
a spot :]e !re 7 bo? brood-cells & cells
 full ( honey4 ,i cut into ! circumf]5ce
 ( ?is disc1 at ! int]sect+ po9t ( !    

pyramidal cells2 ins]t$ a piece ( t9 on 
! base ( "o ( ^! sections1 %ap$ exactly 
to its dim5sions1 & possess$ ( resi/ance
 suffici5t to prev5t ! bees f b5d+ or   
twi/+ x4 ,!n ,i replac$ ! slice ( comb1 
duly furni%$ ) its slab ( t91 on ! spot 
:5ce ,i _h remov$ x2 s t1 :ile "o side (
 ! comb pres5t$ no abnormal feature1 !  
damage hav+ be5 repair$1 ! o!r display$ 
a sort ( deep cavity1 cov]+ ! space (   
ab\t ?irty cells1 ) ! piece ( t9 z its  
base4 ,! bees 7 disconc]t$ at fir/2 !y  
flock$ 9 numb]s to inspect & exam9e ?is 
curi\s *asm2 day aft] day !y w&]$       
agitat$ly to & fro1 app>5tly unable to  
=m a decision4 ,b1 z ,i f$ !m copi\sly e
 ev5+1 !re came a mom5t :5 !y _h no m   
cells available = ! /orage ( provisions4
 ,!reupon !y probably summon$ _! great  
eng9e]s1 di/+ui%$ sculptors1 &          
wax-work]s1 & invit$ !m to turn ?is     
useless cavity to pr(itable acc\nt4  ,! 
wax-mak]s hav+ ga!r$ ar\nd & =m$        
!mselves into a d5se fe/oon1 s t !      
necess>y heat might be ma9ta9$1 o!r bees

 desc5d$ into ! hole & proce$$ solidly  
to atta* ! metal1 & connect x ) ! walls 
( adjac5t cells1 by means ( little wax5 
hooks :i* !y di/ribut$ regul>ly ov] its 
surface4 ,9 ! upp] semicircle ( ! disc  
!y !n began to con/ruct ?ree or f\r     
cells1 unit+ ^! to ! hooks4 ,ea* ( ^!   
transition1 or accommodation1 cells 0 m 
or less de=m$ at ! top1 to all[ ( its   
be+ sold]$ to ! adjo9+ cell on ! comb2 b
 its l[] portion already design$ on ! t9
 ?ree v cle> angles1 :5ce !re ran ?ree  
little /raight l9es t correctly indicat$
 ! fir/ half ( ! foll[+ cell4  ,aft]    
=ty-eight h\rs1 & not)/&+ ! fact t only 
?ree bees at a "t 7 able to "w 9 !      
cavity1 ! entire surface ( ! t9 0 cov]$ 
) outl9$ cells4 ,^! 7 less regul>1      
c]ta9ly1 ?an ^? ( an ord9>y comb2 :]e=e 
! que51 hav+ inspect$ !m1 wisely decl9$ 
to lay any eggs !re1 = ! g5]ation t w\ld
 h aris5 !refrom w\ld necess>ily h be5  
de=m$4 ,ea* cell1 h[ev]1 0 a p]fect     
hexagon2 nor did x conta9 a s+le crook$ 
l9e1 a s+le curv$ figure or angle4 ,&   

yet ! ord9>y conditions _h all be5      
*ang$2 ! cells _h nei!r be5 scoop$ out (
 a block1 accord+ to ,hub]'s            
description1 nor _h !y be5 design$ )9 a 
wax5 hood1 &1 f be+ circul> at fir/1 be5
 subsequ5tly conv]t$ into hexagons by ! 
pressure ( adjo9+ cells1 z expla9$ by   
,d>w94 ,nei!r c\ld !re be "q "h (       
reciprocal ob/acles1 ! cells hav+ be5   
=m$ "o by "o1 & _! fir/ l9es trac$ on   
:at practically 0 a b>e table4 ,x w\ld  
seem inconte/able1 !re=e1 t ! hexagon is
 n m]ely ! result ( me*anical           
necessities1 b t x has its true place 9 
! plans1 ! exp]i5ce1 ! intellect & w ( !
 bee4 ,i may relate "h ano!r curi\s     
in/ance ( ! work]s' sagacity3 ! cells !y
 built on ! t9 _h no o!r base ?an !     
metal itself4 ,! eng9e]s ( ! corps _h   
evid5tly decid$ t ! t9 c\ld adequately  
reta9 ! honey2 & _h consid]$ t1 !       
sub/ance be+ imp]meable1 !y ne$ n wa/e !
 mat]ial !y value s highly by cov]+ !   
metal ) a lay] ( wax4 ,b1 a %ort "t     
aft]1 "s drops ( honey hav+ be5 plac$ 9 

two ( ^! cells1 ! bees discov]$1 9 ta/+ 
x1 t ! contact ( ! metal _h a det]iorat+
 effect4 ,!reupon !y reconsid]$ ! matt]1
 & cov]$ ov] ) wax ! entire surface ( ! 
t94  #ei  ,7 x our desire to ?r[ light  
^u all ! secrets ( ?is geometric        
ar*itecture1 we %\ld h m ?an "o curi\s  
"q /ill to consid]2 z = in/ance ! %ape (
 ! fir/ cells1 :i*1 be+ atta*$ to ! ro(1
 are modifi$ 9 su* a mann] z to t\* !   
ro( at ! greate/ possible numb] ( po9ts4
  ,! design ( ! pr9cipal ?or\ghf>es is  
det]m9$ by ! p>allelism ( ! combs2 b we 
mu/ admire ! +5i\s con/ruction ( alleys 
& gangways ?r\gh & ar\nd ! comb1 s      
skilfully contriv$ z to provide %ort    
cuts 9 e direction & prev5t conge/ion ( 
traffic1 :ile ensur+ free circulation ( 
air4 ,& f9ally we %\ld h to /udy !      
con/ruction ( transition cells1 :]e9 we 
see a unanim\s in/9ct at "w t impels !  
bees at a giv5 mom5t to increase ! size 
( _! dwell+s4 ,?ree reasons may dictate 
?is /ep3 an extraord9>y h>ve/ may call =
 l>g] receptacles1 ! work]s may consid] 

! population to be suffici5tly num]\s1  
or x may h become necess>y t males %\ld 
be born4 ,nor c we 9 su* cases refra9 f 
wond]+ at ! +5i\s economy1 ! un]r+1     
h>moni\s conviction1 ) :i* ! bees w pass
 f ! small to ! l>ge1 f ! l>ge to !     
small2 f p]fect symmetry to1 :]e        
unavoidable1 its v rev]se1 return+ to   
ideal regul>ity s soon z ! laws ( a live
 geometry w all[2 & all ! "t n los+ a   
cell1 n suff]+ a s+le "o ( _! num]\s    
/ructures to be sacrific$1 to be        
ridicul\s1 unc]ta91 or b>b>\s1 or any   
section !re( to become unfit = use4 ,b  
,i fe> t ,i h already w&]$ into _m      
details t w h b sl5d] int]e/ = ! read]1 
^: eyes p]haps may nev] h foll[$ a      
flight ( bees2 or :o may h reg>d$ !m    
only ) ! pass+ int]e/ ) :i* we are all (
 u apt to reg>d ! fl[]1 ! bird or !     
preci\s /one1 ask+ ( ^! no m ?an a      
slight sup]ficial assurance1 & =gett+ t 
! mo/ trivial secret ( ! non-human      
object we behold 9 nature connects m    
closely p]haps ) ! pr(\nd enigma ( our  

orig9 & our end1 ?an ! secret ( ^? ( our
 passions t we /udy ! mo/ eag]ly & ! mo/
 passionately4  #fj  ,& ,i w pass ov]   
too--9 my desire t ?is essay %all n     
become too didactic--! rem>kable in/9ct 
t induces ! bees at times to ?9 &       
demoli% ! extremity ( _! combs1 :5 ^!   
are to be enl>g$ or l5g!n$2 ?\gh x mu/  
be admitt$ t 9 ?is case ! bl9d build+   
in/9ct fails signally to acc\nt = _!    
demoli%+ 9 ord] t !y may rebuild1 or    
undo+ :at has be5 done t x may be done  
afre%1 & ) m regul>ity4 ,i w cont5t     
myself also ) a m]e ref]5ce to !        
rem>kable exp]im5t t enables u1 ) ! aid 
( a piece ( glass1 to compel ! bees to  
/>t _! combs at a "r angle2 :5 !y mo/   
+5i\sly contrive t ! enl>g$ cells on !  
convex side %all co9cide ) ! r$uc$ cells
 on ! concave side ( ! comb4  ,b be=e   
f9ally quitt+ ?is subject let u pause1  
?\gh x be b = an in/ant1 & consid] !    
my/]i\s fa%ion 9 :i* !y manage to act 9 
conc]t & comb9e _! lab\r1 :5            
simultane\sly c>v+ two opposite sides ( 

a comb1 & unable !re=e to see ea* o!r4  
,take a f9i%$ comb to ! light1 fix y\r  
eyes on ! diaphan\s wax2 y w see1 mo/   
cle>ly design$1 an entire network (     
%>ply cut prisms1 a :ole sy/em (        
concordances s infallible t "o might    
almo/ believe !m to be /amp$ on /eel4   
,i wond] :e!r ^? :o nev] h se5 ! int]ior
 ( a hive c =m an adequate conception ( 
! arrangem5t & aspect ( ! combs4 ,let !m
 imag9e--we w take a peasant's hive1 :]e
 ! bee is left entirely to its own      
res\rces--let !m imag9e a dome ( /raw or
 osi]1 divid$ f top to bottom by five1  
six1 eight1 sometimes t51 /rips ( wax1  
resembl+ some:at great slices ( bread1 t
 run 9 /rictly p>allel l9es f ! top ( ! 
dome to ! floor1 esp\s+ closely ! %ape (
 ! ovoid walls4 ,betwe5 ^! /rips is     
contriv$ a space ( ab\t half an in*1 to 
enable ! bees to /& & to pass ea* o!r4  
,at ! mom5t :5 !y beg9 to con/ruct "o ( 
^! /rips at ! top ( ! hive1 ! wax5 wall 
7:i* is its r\gh model1 & w lat] be ?9n$
 & ext5d$7 is /ill v ?ick1 & completely 

excludes ! fifty or sixty bees at "w on 
its inn] face f ! fifty or sixty        
simultane\sly engag$ 9 c>v+ ! out]1 s t 
x is :olly impossible = "o gr\p to see !
 o!r1 unless inde$ _! sight be able to  
p5etrate opaque matt]4 ,& yet !re is n a
 hole t is scoop$ on ! inn] surface1 n a
 fragm5t ( wax t is add$1 b corresponds 
) ma!matical precision to a protub]ance 
or cavity on ! out] surface1 & vice     
v]sa4 ,h[ does ?is happ58 ,h[ is x t "o 
does n dig too deep1 ano!r n deep en\gh8
 ,:5ce ! inv>iable magical co9cid5ce    
betwe5 ! angles ( ! loz5ges8 ,:at is x  
tells ! bees t at ?is po9t !y mu/ beg91 
& at t po9t /op8 ,once aga9 we mu/      
cont5t ourselves ) ! reply1 t is no     
reply3 ,x is a my/]y ( ! hive4  ,hub]   
has s\ght to expla9 ?is my/]y by sugge/+
 t ! pressure ( ! bees' hooks & tee? may
 possibly produce slight projections1 at
 regul> int]vals1 on ! opposite side ( !
 comb2 or t !y may be able to e/imate ! 
?ickness ( ! block by ! flexibility1    
ela/icity1 or "s o!r physical quality ( 

! wax2 or aga91 t _! ant5nae1 :i* seem s
 well adapt$ = ! que/ion+ ( ! f9]1 less 
evid5t side ( ?+s1 may s]ve z a compass 
9 ! invisible2 or1 la/ly1 t ! position (
 e cell may d]ive ma!matically f !      
arrangem5t & dim5sions ( ! cells on !   
fir/ r[1 & ?us disp5se ) ! ne$ = fur!r  
measurem5t4 ,b ^! explanations are      
evid5tly insuffici5t2 ! fir/ are m]e    
hypo!ses t _c be v]ifi$1 ! o!rs d no m  
?an transplant ! my/]y4 ,& useful z x   
may be to transplant my/]y z (t5 z we   
possibly c1 x 7 n wise to imag9e t a    
my/]y has ceas$ to be because we h %ift$
 its home4  #fa  ,n[ let u leave ^!     
dre>y build+ gr\nds1 ?is geometrical    
des]t ( cells4 ,! combs h be5 />t$1 &   
are becom+ habitable4 ,?\gh x be "h !   
inf9itely little t1 )\t app>5t hope1    
adds itself to ! inf9itely little2 ?\gh 
our eye ) its limit$ vision look & see  
no?+1 ! "w ( wax1 halt+ nei!r by day nor
 by night1 w advance ) incr$ible        
quickness4 ,! impati5t que5 already has 
m ?an once pac$ ! /ockades t gleam :ite 

9 ! d>kness2 & no soon] is ! fir/ r[ (  
dwell+s complete ?an %e takes possession
 ) h] escort ( c\nsellors1 gu>dians1 or 
s]vants--= we "k n :e!r %e lead or be   
l$1 be v5]at$ or sup]vis$4 ,:5 ! spot   
has be5 rea*$ t %e1 or h] urg5t advis]s1
 may reg>d z fav\rable1 %e ar*es h]     
back1 b5ds =w>d1 & introduces !         
extremity ( h] long sp9dle-%ap$ abdom5  
into "o ( ! cells2 !-little eag] heads (
 h] escort mean:ile =m+ a passionate    
circle ar\nd h]1 wat*+ h] ) _! enorm\s  
black eyes1 support+ h]1 c>ess+ h] w+s1 
& wav+ _! fev]i% ant5nae z ?\gh to      
enc\rage1 incite1 or congratulate4 ,y   
may easily discov] ! spot :]e ! que5    
%all be f\nd by ! sort ( />ry cockade1  
or oval broo* p]haps ( ! impos+ k9d our 
gr&mo!rs us$ to we>1 ( :i* %e =ms !     
c5tral /one4 ,& "o may m5tion "h !      
curi\s fact t ! work]s always avoid     
turn+ _! back on ! que54 ,no soon] has  
%e approa*$ a gr\p ?an !y w inv>iably   
arrange !mselves s z to face h] ) eyes &
 ant5nae1 & to walk backw>ds be=e h]4 ,x

 is a tok5 ( respect1 or ( solicitude1  
t1 unlikely z x may seem1 is nev]!less  
con/ant & g5]al4 ,b to return to ! que54
 ,dur+ ! slight spasm t visibly         
accompanies ! emission ( an egg1 "o ( h]
 daught]s w (t5 ?r[ h] arms r\nd h] &   
appe> to be :isp]+ to h]1 br[ press$ to 
br[ & m\? to m\?4 ,b ! que51 9 no wise  
di/urb$ by ?is some:at bold             
demon/ration1 takes h] "t1 tranquilly1  
calmly1 :olly absorb$ by ! mission t    
w\ld seem amor\s delight to h] r ?an    
lab\r4 ,& aft] "s seconds %e w rise1 v  
quietly1 take a /ep back1 execute a     
slight turn on h]self1 & proce$ to !    
next cell1 into :i* %e w fir/1 be=e     
introduc+ h] abdom51 dip h] head to make
 sure t all is 9 ord] & t %e is n lay+  
twice 9 ! same cell2 & 9 ! mean:ile two 
or ?ree ( h] escort w h plung$ into !   
cell %e has quitt$ to see :e!r ! "w be  
duly accompli%$1 & to c>e =1 & t5d]ly   
h\se1 ! little blui% egg %e has laid4   
,f ?is mom5t1 up to ! fir/ fro/s (      
autumn1 %e does n cease lay+2 %e lays   

:ile %e is be+ f$1 & ev5 9 h] sleep1 if 
inde$ %e sleeps at all1 %e /ill lays4   
,%e repres5ts h5ce=? ! dev\r+ =ce ( !   
future1 :i* invades e corn] ( ! k+dom4  
,/ep by /ep %e pursues ! un=tunate      
work]s :o are exhau/$ly1 fev]i%ly erect+
 ! cradles h] fecundity dem&s4 ,we h "h 
! union ( two mighty in/9cts2 & _!      
work+s ?r[ into light1 ?\gh !y leave    
unresolv$1 _m an enigma ( ! hive4  ,x w 
happ51 = in/ance1 t ! work]s w di/ance  
h]1 & acquire a c]ta9 />t2 :]eupon1     
m9dful ( _! duties z c>eful h\sewives to
 provide = ! bad days ahead1 !y ha/5 to 
fill ) honey ! cells !y h wre/$ f !     
avidity ( ! species4 ,b ! que5          
approa*es2 mat]ial weal? mu/ give way to
 ! s*eme ( nature2 & ! di/ract$ work]s  
are compell$ ) all spe$ to remove !     
importunate treasure4  ,b assume !m to  
be a :ole comb ahead1 & to h no long]   
be=e !m h] :o /&s = ! tyranny ( days !y 
%all none ( !m see2 we f9d !n t !y      
eag]ly1 hurri$ly1 build a zone ( l>ge   
cells1 cells = males2 ^: con/ruction is 

v mu* easi]1 & f> m rapid4 ,:5 ! que5 9 
h] turn atta9s ?is un?ankful zone1 %e w 
regretfully lay a few eggs !re1 !n      
cease1 pass beyond1 & clam\r = m work]s'
 cells4 ,h] daught]s obey2 little by    
little !y r$uce ! cells2 & !n ! pursuit 
/>ts afre%1 till at la/ ! insatiable "m 
%all h trav]s$ ! :ole circumf]5ce ( !   
hive1 & h return$ to ! fir/ cells4 ,^!1 
by ?is "t1 w be empty2 = ! fir/ g5]ation
 w h sprung into life1 soon to g =?1 f  
_! %ad[y corn] ( bir?1 disp]se ov] !    
neighb\r+ blossoms1 p ! rays ( ! sun &  
quick5 ! smil+ h\rs2 & !n sacrifice     
!mselves 9 _! turn to ! new g5]ations t 
are already fill+ _! place 9 ! cradles4 
#fb  ,& :om does ! que5-bee obey8 ,%e is
 rul$ by n\ri%m5t giv5 h]2 = %e does n  
take h] own food1 b is f$ l a *ild by ! 
v work]s :om h] fecundity h>asses4 ,& ! 
food ^! work]s deal out is nicely       
proportion$ to ! abundance ( fl[]s1 to !
 spoil br\ght back by ^? :o visit !     
calyces4 ,"h1 !n1 z ev]y:]e else 9 ! _w1
 "o "p ( ! circle is wrapp$ 9 d>kness2  

"h1 z ev]y:]e1 x is f )\t1 f an unkn[n  
p[]1 t ! supreme ord] issues2 & ! bees1 
l ourselves1 obey ! nameless "l ( ! :eel
 t incessantly turns on itself1 & cru%es
 ! wills t h set x 9 motion4  ,"s little
 "t back1 ,i conduct$ a fri5d to "o ( my
 hives ( glass1 & %[$ him ! movem5ts (  
?is :eel1 :i* 0 z readily p]ceptible z !
 great :eel ( a clock2 %[$ him1 9 all   
its b>5ess1 ! univ]sal agitation on e   
comb1 ! p]petual1 frantic1 bewild]$ ha/e
 ( ! nurses ar\nd ! brood-cells2 ! liv+ 
gangways & ladd]s =m$ by ! mak]s ( wax1 
! ab\nd+1 unceas+ activity ( ! entire   
population1 & _! pitiless1 useless ef=t2
 ! ard5t1 fev]i% com+ & go+ ( all1 !    
g5]al abs5ce ( sleep save 9 ! cradles   
alone1 ar\nd :i* cont9u\s lab\r kept    
wat*2 ! d5ial ( ev5 ! repose ( dea? 9 a 
home :i* p]mits no illness & accords no 
grave2 & my fri5d1 8 a/oni%m5t ov]1 soon
 turn$ 8 eyes away1 & 9 !m ,i c\ld read 
! signs ( ,i "k n :at sadd5$ fe>4  ,&   
truly1 und]ly+ ! gladness t we note fir/
 ( all 9 ! hive1 und]ly+ ! dazzl+       

memories ( beautiful days t r5d] x !    
/oreh\se ( summ]'s mo/ preci\s jewels1  
und]ly+ ! blissful j\rneys t knit x s   
close to ! fl[]s & to runn+ wat]1 to !  
sky1 to ! peaceful abundance ( all t    
makes = beauty & happ9ess--und]ly+ all  
^! ext]ior joys1 !re reposes a sadness z
 deep z ! eye ( man c behold4 ,& we1 :o 
dimly gaze on ^! ?+s ) our own bl9d     
eyes1 we "k full well t x is n !y alone 
t we are /riv+ to see1 n !y alone t we  
_c und]/&1 b t be=e u !re lies a        
pitiable =m ( ! great p[] t quick5s u   
also4  ,sad let x be1 z all ?+s 9 nature
 are sad1 :5 our eyes re/ too closely ^u
 !m4 ,& ?us x ev] %all be s long z we "k
 n h] secret1 "k n ev5 :e!r secret truly
 !re be4 ,& %\ld we discov] "s day t !re
 is no secret1 or t ! secret is mon/r\s1
 o!r duties w !n arise t1 z yet1 p]haps1
 h no "n4 ,let our he>t1 if x w1 9 !    
mean:ile repeat1 ,x is sad2 b let our   
reason be cont5t to add1 ,?us x is4 ,at 
! pres5t h\r ! duty be=e u is to seek   
out t :i* p]haps may be hid+ beh9d ^!   

sorr[s2 &1 urg$ on by ?is endeav\r1 we  
mu/ n turn our eyes away1 b /eadily1    
fix$ly1 wat* ^! sorr[s & /udy !m1 ) a   
c\rage & int]e/ z ke5 z ?\gh !y 7 joys4 
,x is "r t be=e we judge nature1 be=e we
 compla91 we %\ld at lea/ ask e "q t we 
c possibly ask4  #fc  ,we h se5 t !     
work]s1 :5 free = ! mom5t f ! ?reat5+   
fecundity ( ! que51 ha/5 to erect cells 
= provisions1 ^: con/ruction is m       
economical & capacity great]4 ,we h se51
 too1 t ! que5 pref]s to lay 9 ! small] 
cells1 = :i* %e is incessantly clam\r+4 
,:5 ^! are want+1 h[ev]1 or till !y be  
provid$1 %e resigns h]self to lay+ h]   
eggs 9 ! l>ge cells %e f9ds on h] road4 
,^! eggs1 ?\gh absolutely id5tical ) ^? 
f :i* work]s are hat*$1 w give bir? to  
males1 or drones4 ,n[1 conv]sely to :at 
takes place :5 a work] is turn$ into    
que51 x is "h nei!r ! =m nor ! capacity 
( ! cell t produces ?is *ange2 = f an   
egg laid 9 a l>ge cell & aft]w>ds       
transf]r$ to t ( a work] 7a mo/         
difficult op]ation1 because ( !         

microscopic m9ut5ess & extreme fragility
 ( ! egg1 b "o t ,i h f\r or five times 
successfully accompli%$7 !re w issue an 
und5iable male1 ?\gh m or less atrophi$4
 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t ! que5 mu/ possess 
! p[]1 :ile lay+1 ( kn[+ or det]m9+ !   
sex ( ! egg1 & ( adapt+ x to ! cell ov] 
:i* %e is b5d+4 ,%e w r>ely make a      
mi/ake4 ,h[ does %e contrive1 f among ! 
myriad eggs h] ov>ies conta91 to sep>ate
 male f female1 & l[] !m1 at w1 into !  
unique oviduct8  ,"h1 yet aga91 !re     
confronts u an enigma ( ! hive2 & 9 ?is 
case "o ( ! mo/ unfa?omable4 ,we "k t ! 
virg9 que5 is n /]ile2 b ! eggs t %e    
lays w produce only males4 ,x is n till 
aft] ! impregnation ( ! nuptial flight t
 %e c produce work]s or drones at w4 ,! 
nuptial flight places h] p]man5tly 9    
possession1 till dea?1 ( ! sp]matozoa   
torn f h] un=tunate lov]4 ,^!           
sp]matozoa1 ^: numb] ,dr4 ,leuck>t      
e/imates at tw5ty-five millions1 are    
pres]v$ alive 9 a special gl& kn[n z !  
sp]ma!ca1 t is situate "u ! ov>ies1 at !

 entrance to ! common oviduct4 ,x is    
imag9$ t ! n>r[ ap]ture ( ! small]      
cells1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! =m ( ?is       
ap]ture compels ! que5 to b5d =w>d1     
ex]cise a c]ta9 pressure ^u ! sp]ma!ca1 
9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! sp]matozoa spr+ =? 
& fecundate ! egg z x passes4 ,9 ! l>ge 
cells ?is pressure w\ld n take place1 & 
! sp]ma!ca w\ld !re=e n op54 ,o!rs1     
aga91 believe t ! que5 has p]fect       
control ov] ! muscles t op5 & close !   
sp]ma!ca on ! vag9a2 & ^! muscles are   
c]ta9ly v num]\s1 complex1 & p[]ful4 ,= 
myself1 ,i incl9e to ! second ( ^!      
hypo!ses1 ?\gh ,i d n = a mom5t pret5d  
to decide :i* is ! m correct2 = inde$1 !
 fur!r we g & ! m closely we /udy1 ! m  
pla9ly is x br\ght home to u t we m]ely 
are waifs %ipwreck$ on ! ocean ( nature2
 & ev] & anon1 f a sudd5 wave t %all be 
m transp>5t ?an o!rs1 !re leaps =? a    
fact t 9 an in/ant conf\nds all we      
imag9$ we knew4 ,b ! reason ( my pref]r+
 ! second !ory is t1 = "o ?+1 !         
exp]im5ts ( a ,bordeaux bee-keep]1 ,m4  

,drory1 h %[n t 9 cases :]e all ! l>ge  
cells h be5 remov$ f ! hive1 ! "m w n   
hesitate1 :5 ! mom5t = lay+ male eggs   
has come1 to deposit ^! 9 work]s' cells2
 & t1 inv]sely1 %e w lay work]s' eggs 9 
cells provid$ = males1 if %e h no o!rs  
at h] disposal4 ,&1 fur!r1 we le>n f !  
int]e/+ obs]vations ( ,m4 ,fabre on !   
,osmiae1 :i* are wild & olit>y bees ( ! 
,ga/rilegidae family1 t n only does !   
,osmia "k 9 advance ! sex ( ! egg %e w  
lay1 b t ?is sex is optional = ! "m1 :o 
decides x 9 accordance ) ! space ( :i*  
%e disposes2 ?is space be+ (t5 gov]n$ by
 *ance & n to be modifi$2 & %e w deposit
 a male egg "h & a female !re4 ,i %all n
 ent] into ! details ( ! great ,fr5*    
entomologi/'s exp]im5ts1 = !y are       
exce$+ly m9ute1 & w\ld take u too f>4 ,b
 :i*ev] be ! hypo!sis we pref] to       
accept1 ei!r w s]ve to expla9 ! que5's  
incl9ation to lay h] eggs 9 work]s'     
cells1 )\t x be+ necess>y to cr$it h] ) 
! lea/ conc]n = ! future4  ,x is n      
impossible t ?is slave-"m1 :om we are   

incl9$ to pity1 may be inde$ a great    
amori/1 a great voluptu>y1 d]iv+ a c]ta9
 enjoym5t1 an aft]-ta/e1 z x 71 ( h] "o 
m>riage-flight1 f ! union ( ! male &    
female pr9ciple t ?us comes to pass 9 h]
 be+4 ,"h aga9 nature1 nev] s +5i\s1 s  
cunn+ly prud5t & div]se1 z :5 contriv+  
h] sn>es ( love1 w n h fail$ to provide 
a c]ta9 pleasure z a bait 9 ! int]e/ ( !
 species4 ,& yet let u pause = a mom5t1 
& n become ! dupes ( our own            
explanation4 ,= inde$1 to attribute an  
idea ( ?is k9d to nature1 & reg>d t z   
suffici5t1 is l fl++ a /one into an     
unfa?omable gulf we may f9d 9 ! dep?s ( 
a grotto1 & imag9+ t ! s\nds x creates z
 x falls %all answ] our e "q1 or reveal 
to u aught beside ! imm5sity ( ! abyss4 
,:5 we say to ourselves1 ,?is ?+ is (   
nature's devis+2 %e has orda9$ ?is      
m>vel2 ^? are h] desires t we see be=e  
u6 ! fact is m]ely t our special        
att5tion has be5 drawn to "s t9y        
manife/ation ( life ^u ! b\ndless       
surface ( matt] t we deem inactive1 &   

*oose to describe1 ) evid5t inaccuracy1 
z no?+ness & dea?4 ,a purely =tuit\s *a9
 ( ev5ts has all[$ ?is special          
manife/ation to attract our att5tion2 b 
a ?\s& o!rs1 no less int]e/+1 p]haps1 & 
in=m$ ) no less intellig5ce1 h vani%$1 n
 meet+ ) a l good-=tune1 & h lo/ = ev] !
 *ance ( excit+ our wond]4 ,x 7 ra% to  
affirm aught beside2 & all t rema9s1 our
 reflections1 our ob/9ate se>* = ! f9al 
cause1 our admiration & hopes--all ^! 9 
tru? are no m ?an our feeble cry z1 9 ! 
dep?s ( ! unkn[n1 we cla% aga9/ :at is m
 unkn[able /ill2 & ?is feeble cry       
decl>es ! highe/ degree ( individual    
exi/5ce atta9able = u on ?is mute &     
imp5etrable surface1 ev5 z ! flight ( ! 
condor1 ! song ( ! night+ale1 reveal to 
!m ! highe/ degree ( exi/5ce _! species 
all[s4 ,b ! evocation ( ?is feeble cry1 
:5ev] opportunity (f]s1 is none ! less  
"o ( our mo/ unmi/akable duties2 nor    
%\ld we let ourselves be disc\rag$ by   
its app>5t futility4     ,v -- ,,! ,,"y 
,,que5s  #fd  ,,"h let u close our hive1

 :]e we f9d t life is reassum+ its      
circul> movem5t1 is ext5d+ & multiply+1 
to be aga9 divid$ z soon z x %all atta9 
! fulness ( its happ9ess & /r5g?2 & let 
u = ! la/ "t reop5 ! "m-city1 & see :at 
is happ5+ !re aft] ! dep>ture ( ! sw>m4 
,! tumult hav+ subsid$1 ! hapless city1 
t two ?irds ( h] *ildr5 h ab&on$ = ev]1 
becomes feeble1 empty1 moribund2 l a    
body f :i* ! blood has be5 dra9$4 ,"s   
?\s&s ( bees h rema9$1 h[ev]2 & ^!1 ?\gh
 a trifle languid p]haps1 are /ill      
immovably fai?ful to ! duty a precise   
de/9y has laid ^u !m1 /ill consci\s ( ! 
"p t !y h !mselves to play2 !y resume _!
 lab\rs1 !re=e1 fill z be/ !y c ! place 
( ^? :o h gone1 remove all trace ( !    
orgy1 c>efully h\se ! provisions t h    
escap$ pillage1 sally =? to ! fl[]s     
aga91 & keep scrupul\s gu>d ov] !       
ho/ages ( ! future4  ,& = all t ! mom5t 
may appe> gloomy1 hope ab\nds :]ev] !   
eye may turn4 ,we might be 9 "o ( !     
ca/les ( ,g]man leg5d1 ^: walls are     
compos$ ( myriad phials conta9+ ! s\ls (

 m5 ab\t to be born4 ,= we are 9 ! abode
 ( life t goes be=e life4 ,on all sides1
 asleep 9 _! closely seal$ cradles1 9   
?is inf9ite sup]position ( m>vell\s     
six-sid$ cells1 lie ?\s&s ( nymphs1 :it]
 ?an milk1 :o ) fold$ arms & head b5t   
=w>d await ! h\r ( awak5+4 ,9 _! uni=m  
tombs1 t1 isolat$1 become ne>ly         
transp>5t1 !y seem almo/ l ho>y gnomes1 
lo/ 9 deep ?\ght1 or legions ( virg9s   
:om ! folds ( ! %r\d h contort$1 :o are 
buri$ 9 hexagonal prisms t "s inflexible
 geometrician has multipli$ to ! v]ge ( 
delirium4  ,ov] ! entire area t !       
v]tical walls enclose1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ?is 
gr[+ _w t s soon %all trans=m itself1 t 
%all f\r or five times 9 succession     
assume fre% ve/m5ts1 & !n sp9 its own   
w9d+-%eet 9 ! %ad[1 hundr$s ( work]s are
 danc+ & flapp+ _! w+s4 ,!y appe> ?us to
 g5]ate ! necess>y heat1 & accompli% "s 
o!r object besides t is /ill m obscure2 
= ?is dance ( !irs conta9s "s           
extraord9>y movem5ts1 s me?odically     
conceiv$ t !y mu/ infallibly answ] "s   

purpose :i* no obs]v] has z yet1 ,i     
believe1 be5 able to div9e4  ,a few days
 m1 & ! lids ( ^! myriad urns--:]e( a   
consid]able hive w conta9 f sixty to    
eighty ?\s&--w break1 & two l>ge & e>ne/
 black eyes w appe>1 surm\nt$ by ant5nae
 t already are grop+ at life1 :ile      
active jaws are busily engag$ 9 enl>g+ !
 op5+ f )94 ,! nurses at once come      
runn+2 !y help ! "y bee to em]ge f h]   
prison1 !y clean h] & bru% h]1 & at !   
tip ( _! tongue pres5t ! fir/ honey ( ! 
new life4 ,b ! bee1 t has come f ano!r  
_w1 is bewild]$ /ill1 trembl+ & pale2 %e
 we>s ! feeble look ( a little old man  
:o might h escap$ f 8 tomb1 or p]haps ( 
a travell] /rewn ) ! p[d]y du/ ( ! ways 
t lead unto life4 ,%e is p]fect1 h[ev]1 
f head to foot2 %e kn[s at once all t   
has to be kn[n2 &1 l ! *ildr5 ( ! p1 :o 
le>n1 z x 71 at _! bir?1 t = !m !re %all
 nev] be "t to play or to laugh1 %e     
in/antly makes h] way to ! cells t are  
clos$1 & proce$s to beat h] w+s & to    
dance 9 cad5ce1 s t %e 9 h] turn may    

quick5 h] buri$ si/]s2 nor does %e = "o 
in/ant pause to deciph] ! a/\nd+ enigma 
( h] de/9y1 or h] race4  #fe  ,! mo/    
ardu\s lab\rs w1 h[ev]1 at fir/ be sp>$ 
h]4 ,a week mu/ elapse f ! day ( h] bir?
 be=e %e w quit ! hive2 %e w !n p]=m h] 
fir/ cleans+ flight1 & absorb ! air into
 h] tra*eae1 :i*1 fill+1 exp& h] body1 &
 proclaim h] ! bride ( space4 ,!reupon  
%e returns to ! hive1 & waits yet "o    
week m2 & !n1 ) h] si/]s born ! same day
 z h]self1 %e w = ! fir/ "t set =? to   
visit ! fl[]s4 ,a special emotion n[ w  
lay hold ( h]2 "o t ,fr5* api>i/s t]m ! 
soleil d'artifice1 b :i* might m rightly
 p]haps be call$ ! sun ( disquiet4 ,= x 
is evid5t t ! bees are afraid1 t ^!     
daught]s ( ! cr[d1 ( seclud$ d>kness1   
%r9k f ! vault ( blue1 f ! inf9ite      
lonel9ess ( ! light2 & _! joy is halt+1 
& wov5 ( t]ror4 ,!y cross ! ?re%old &   
pause2 !y dep>t1 !y return1 tw5ty times4
 ,!y hov] al(t 9 ! air1 _! head         
p]si/5tly turn$ to ! home2 !y describe  
great so>+ circles t sudd5ly s9k b5ea? !

 weight ( regret2 & _! ?irte5 ?\s& eyes 
w "q1 reflect1 & reta9 ! trees & !      
f\nta91 ! gate & ! walls1 ! neighb\r+   
w9d[s & h\ses1 till at la/ ! a]ial c\rse
 :]eon _! return %all glide h become z  
indelibly /amp$ 9 _! memory z ?\gh x 7  
m>k$ 9 space by two l9es ( /eel4  #ff   
,a new my/]y confronts u "h1 :i* we %all
 d well to *all5ge2 = ?\gh x reply n1   
its sil5ce /ill w ext5d ! field ( our   
consci\s ignorance1 :i* is ! mo/ f]tile 
( all t our activity kn[s4 ,h[ d ! bees 
contrive to f9d _! way back to ! hive t 
!y _c possibly see1 t is hidd51 p]haps1 
by ! trees1 t 9 any ev5t mu/ =m an      
imp]ceptible po9t 9 space8 ,h[ is x t if
 tak5 9 a box to a spot two or ?ree     
miles f _! home1 !y w almo/ inv>iably   
succe$ 9 f9d+ _! way back8  ,d ob/acles 
(f] no b>ri] to _! sight2 d !y guide    
!mselves by c]ta9 indications & l&m>ks2 
or d !y possess t peculi>1 imp]fectly   
und]/ood s5se t we ascribe to ! swall[s 
& pigeons1 = in/ance1 & t]m ! s5se (    
direction8 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,j4 ,h4       

,fabre1 ( ,lubbock1 &1 above all1 (     
,romanes 7,nature1 #bi ,oct4 #ahhf7 seem
 to e/abli% t x is n ?is /range in/9ct t
 guides !m4 ,i h1 on ! o!r h&1 m ?an    
once notic$ t !y appe> to pay no        
att5tion to ! col\r or =m ( ! hive4 ,!y 
are attract$ r by ! ord9>y appe>ance ( !
 plat=m on :i* _! home reposes1 by !    
position ( ! entrance1 & ( !            
alight+-bo>d4 ,b ?is ev5 is m]ely       
subsidi>y2 7 ! front ( ! hive to be     
alt]$ f top to bottom1 dur+ ! work]s'   
abs5ce1 !y w\ld /ill unhesitat+ly direct
 _! c\rse to x f out ! f> dep?s ( !     
horizon2 & only :5 confront$ by !       
unrecognisable ?re%old w\ld !y seem = "o
 in/ant to pause4 ,su* exp]im5ts z lie 9
 our p[] po9t r to _! guid+ !mselves by 
an extraord9>ily m9ute & precise        
appreciation ( l&m>ks4 ,x is n ! hive t 
!y seem to rememb]1 b its position1     
calculat$ to ! m9ute/ fraction1 9 its   
relation to neighb\r+ objects4 ,& s     
m>vell\s is ?is appreciation1 s         
ma!matically c]ta91 s pr(\ndly inscrib$ 

9 _! memory1 t if1 aft] five mon?s'     
hib]nation 9 "s obscure cell>1 ! hive1  
:5 replac$ on ! plat=m1 %\ld be set a   
little to "r or to left ( its =m]       
position1 all ! work]s1 on _! return f !
 e>lie/ fl[]s1 w infallibly /e] _!      
direct & unwav]+ c\rse to ! precise spot
 t x fill$ ! previ\s ye>2 & only aft] "s
 hesitation & grop+ w !y discov] ! door 
:i* /&s n n[ :]e x once _h /ood4 ,x is z
 ?\gh space _h preci\sly pres]v$1 ! :ole
 w9t] ?r\gh1 ! indelible track ( _!     
flight3 z ?\gh ! pr9t ( _! t9y1 labori\s
 foot/eps1 /ill lay grav5 9 ! sky4  ,if 
! hive be displac$1 !re=e1 _m bees w    
lose _! way2 except 9 ! case ( _! hav+  
be5 c>ri$ f> f _! =m] home1 & f9d+ !    
c\ntry completely trans=m$ t !y _h gr[n 
to "k p]fectly )9 a radius ( two or ?ree
 miles2 = !n1 if c>e be tak5 to w>n !m1 
by means ( a little gangway connect+ ) !
 alight+-bo>d1 at ! entrance to ! hive1 
t "s *ange has occurr$1 !y w at once    
proce$ to seek new be>+s & create fre%  
l&m>ks4  #fg  ,& n[ let u return to !   

city t is be+ repeopl$1 :]e myriad      
cradles are incessantly op5+1 & ! solid 
walls ev5 appe> to be mov+4 ,b ?is city 
/ill lacks a que54 ,sev5 or eight curi\s
 /ructures arise f ! c5tre ( "o ( !     
combs1 & rem9d u1 scatt]$ z !y are ov] !
 surface ( ! ord9>y cells1 ( ! circles &
 protub]ances t appe> s /range on !     
photographs ( ! moon4 ,!y are a species 
( capsule1 contriv$ ( wr9kl$ wax or (   
incl9$ gl&s1 h]metically seal$1 :i*     
fills ! place ( ?ree or f\r work]s'     
cells4 ,z a rule1 !y are gr\p$ ar\nd !  
same po9t2 & a num]\s gu>d keep wat*1 ) 
s+ul> vigilance & re/lessness1 ov] ?is  
region t seems in/9ct ) an indescribable
 pre/ige4 ,x is "h t ! mo!rs are =m$4 ,9
 ea* "o ( ^! capsules1 be=e ! sw>m      
dep>ts1 an egg w be plac$ by ! "m1 or m 
probably--?\gh z to ?is we h no c]ta9   
k--by "o ( ! work]s2 an egg t %e w h    
tak5 f "s neighb\r+ cell1 & t is        
absolutely id5tical ) ^? f :i* work]s   
are hat*$4  ,f ?is egg1 aft] ?ree days1 
a small l>va w issue1 & receive a       

special & v abundant n\ri%m5t2 & h5ce=? 
we are able to foll[1 /ep by /ep1 !     
movem5ts ( "o ( ^? magnific5tly vulg>   
me?ods ( nature on :i*1 7 we deal+ ) m51
 we %\ld be/[ ! augu/ "n ( fatality4 ,! 
little l>va1 ?anks to ?is regim51       
assumes an exceptional developm5t2 & 9  
its ideas1 no less ?an 9 its body1 !re  
ensues s consid]able a *ange t ! bee to 
:i* x w give bir? might almo/ belong to 
an entirely diff]5t race ( insects4     
,f\r or five ye>s w be ! p]iod ( h]     
life1 in/ead ( ! six or sev5 weeks ( !  
ord9>y work]4 ,h] abdom5 w be twice z   
long1 h] col\r m gold51 & cle>]2 h] /+ w
 be curv$1 & h] eyes h sev5 or eight    
?\s& facets in/ead ( twelve or ?irte5   
?\s&4 ,h] bra9 w be small]1 b %e w      
possess enorm\s ov>ies1 & a special     
organ besides1 ! sp]ma!ca1 t w r5d] h]  
almo/ an h]maphrodite4 ,none ( ! in/9cts
 w be h]s t belong to a life ( toil2 %e 
w h no bru%es1 no pockets :]e9 to       
secrete ! wax1 no baskets to ga!r !     
poll54 ,! habits1 ! passions1 t we reg>d

 z inh]5t 9 ! bee1 w all be lack+ 9 h]4 
,%e w n crave = air1 or ! light ( ! sun2
 %e w die )\t ev5 once hav+ ta/$ a fl[]4
 ,h] exi/5ce w pass 9 ! %ad[1 9 ! mid/ (
 a re/less ?rong2 h] sole occupation !  
indefatigable se>* = cradles t %e mu/   
fill4 ,on ! o!r h& %e alone w "k !      
disquiet ( love4 ,n ev5 twice1 x may be1
 9 h] life %all %e look on ! light--= ! 
dep>ture ( ! sw>m is by no means        
inevitable2 on "o occasion only1 p]haps1
 w %e make use ( h] w+s1 b !n x w be to 
fly to h] lov]4 ,x is /range to see s _m
 ?+s--organs1 ideas1 desires1 habits1 an
 entire de/9y--dep5d+1 n on a g]m1 :i* 7
 ! ord9>y miracle ( ! plant1 ! animal1 &
 man1 b on a curi\s in]t sub/ance3 a    
drop ( honey499       99,x is g5]ally   
admitt$ to-day t work]s & que5s1        
aft] ! hat*+ ( ! egg1 receive ! same    
n\ri%m5t1--a k9d ( milk1 v ri* 9        
nitrog51 t a      special gl& 9 !       
nurses' head secretes4 ,b aft] a few    
days ! work] l>vae are wean$1 & put on a
 co>s] diet      ( honey & poll52 :]eas 

! future que51 until %e be      fully   
develop$1 is copi\sly f$ on ! preci\s   
milk kn[n      z royal jelly4  #fh      
,ab\t a week has pass$ s9ce ! dep>ture (
 ! old que54 ,! royal nymphs asleep 9 ! 
capsules are n all ( ! same age1 = x is 
to ! int]e/ ( ! bees t ! bir?s %\ld be  
nicely gradation$1 & take place at      
regul> int]vals1 9 accordance ) _!      
possible desire = a second sw>m1 a ?ird1
 or ev5 a f\r?4 ,! work]s h = "s h\rs n[
 be5 actively ?9n+ ! walls ( ! ripe/    
cell1 :ile ! "y que51 f )91 has be5     
simultane\sly gnaw+ ! r\nd$ lid ( h]    
prison4 ,& at la/ h] head appe>s2 %e    
?ru/s h]self =w>d2 &1 ) ! help ( !      
gu>dians :o ha/5 eag]ly to h]1 :o bru%  
h]1 c>ess h]1 & clean h]1 %e extricates 
h]self altoge!r & takes h] fir/ /eps on 
! comb4 ,at ! mom5t ( bir? %e too1 l !  
work]s1 is trembl+ & pale1 b aft] t5    
m9utes or s h] legs become /rong]1 & a  
/range re/lessness seizes h]2 %e feels t
 %e is n alone1 t h] k+dom has yet to be
 conqu]$1 t close by pret5d]s are hid+2 

& %e eag]ly paces ! wax5 walls 9 se>* ( 
h] rivals4 ,b !re int]v5e "h ! my/]i\s  
decisions & wisdom ( in/9ct1 ( ! _s ( ! 
hive1 or ( ! assembly ( work]s4 ,! mo/  
surpris+ feature ( all1 z we wat* ^! ?+s
 happ5+ be=e u 9 a hive ( glass1 is !   
entire abs5ce ( hesitation1 ( ! slighte/
 division ( op9ion4 ,!re is n a trace ( 
discussion or discord4 ,! atmosph]e ( ! 
city is "o ( absolute unanimity1        
preorda9$1 :i* reigns ov] all2 & e "o ( 
! bees w\ld appe> to "k 9 advance !     
?\ght ( h] si/]s4 ,& yet ?is mom5t is ! 
grave/1 ! mo/ vital1 9 _! entire hi/ory4
 ,!y h to *oose betwe5 ?ree or f\r      
c\rses ^: results1 9 ! di/ant future1 w 
be totally diff]5t2 :i*1 too1 ! slighte/
 accid5t may r5d] disa/r\s4 ,!y h to    
reconcile ! multiplication (            
species--:i* is _! passion1 or innate   
duty--) ! pres]vation ( ! hive & its p4 
,!y w err at times2 !y w successively   
s5d =? ?ree or f\r sw>ms1 !reby         
completely d5ud+ ! "m-city2 & ^! sw>ms1 
too feeble to organise1 w succumb1 x may

 be1 at ! approa* ( w9t]1 caught unaw>es
 by ?is climate ( ours1 :i* is diff]5t  
f> f _! orig9al climate1 t ! bees1      
not)/&+ all1 h nev] =gott54 ,9 su* cases
 !y suff] f :at is kn[n z sw>m+ fev]2 a 
condition :]e9 life1 z 9 ord9>y fev]1   
react+ too ard5tly on itself1 passes its
 aim1 completes ! circle1 & discov]s    
only dea?4  #fi  ,( all ! decisions be=e
 !m !re is none t w\ld seem imp]ative2  
nor c man1 if cont5t to play ! "p (     
spectator only1 =etell 9 ! slighte/     
degree :i* "o ! bees w adopt4 ,b t ! mo/
 c>eful delib]ation gov]ns _! *oice is  
prov$ by ! fact t we are able to        
influ5ce1 or ev5 det]m9e x1 by = in/ance
 r$uc+ or enl>g+ ! space we accord !m2  
or by remov+ combs full ( honey1 & sett+
 up1 9 _! /ead1 empty combs :i* are well
 suppli$ ) work]s' cells4  ,! "q !y h to
 consid] is n :e!r a second or ?ird sw>m
 %all be imm$iately laun*$1--= 9 arriv+ 
at su* a decision !y w\ld m]ely be      
bl9dly & ?\ghtlessly yield+ to ! caprice
 or temptation ( a fav\rable mom5t1--b !

 in/antane\s1 unanim\s adoption (       
measures t %all enable !m to issue a    
second sw>m or ca/ ?ree or f\r days aft]
 ! bir? ( ! fir/ que51 & a ?ird sw>m    
?ree days aft] ! dep>ture ( ! second1 ) 
?is fir/ que5 at _! head4 ,x mu/ be     
admitt$1 !re=e1 t we discov] "h a       
p]fectly reason$ sy/em1 & a mature      
comb9ation ( plans ext5d+ ov] a p]iod   
consid]able inde$ :5 comp>$ ) ! brevity 
( ! bee's exi/5ce4  ,^! measures conc]n 
! c>e ( ! y\?ful que5s :o /ill lie      
immur$ 9 _! wax5 prisons4 ,let u assume 
t ! _s ( ! hive has pron\nc$ aga9/ !    
despat* ( a second sw>m4 ,two c\rses    
/ill rema9 op54 ,! bees may p]mit !     
fir/-born ( ! royal virg9s1 ! "o ^: bir?
 we h witness$1 to de/roy h]            
si/]-enemies2 or !y may elect to wait   
till %e h p]=m$ ! p]il\s c]emony kn[n z 
! nuptial flight1 :]eon ! nation's      
future dep5ds4 ,! imm$iate massacre w be
 au?oris$ (t51 & (t5 d5i$2 b 9 ! latt]  
case x is ( c\rse n easy = u to pron\nce
 :e!r ! bees' decision be due to a      

desire = a second sw>m1 or to _!        
recognition ( ! dang]s att5d+ ! nuptial 
flight2 = x w happ5 at times t1 on      
acc\nt ( ! wea!r unexpect$ly becom+ less
 fav\rable1 or = "s o!r reason we _c    
div9e1 !y w sudd5ly *ange _! m9d1 r5\nce
 ! ca/ t !y _h decre$1 & de/roy ! royal 
prog5y !y _h s c>efully pres]v$4 ,b at  
pres5t we w suppose t !y h det]m9$ to   
disp5se ) a second sw>m1 & t !y accept !
 risks ( ! nuptial flight4 ,our "y que5 
ha/5s t[>ds ! l>ge cradles1 urg$ on by  
h] great desire1 & ! gu>d make way be=e 
h]4 ,li/5+ only to h] furi\s jeal\sy1 %e
 w fl+ h]self on to ! fir/ cell %e comes
 across1 madly /rip (f ! wax ) h] tee? &
 claws1 te> away ! cocoon t c>pets !    
cell1 & dive/ ! sleep+ pr9cess ( e      
cov]+4 ,if h] rival %\ld be already     
recognisable1 ! que5 w turn s t h] /+   
may ent] ! capsule1 & w frantically /ab 
x ) h] v5om\s weapon until ! victim     
p]i%4 ,%e !n becomes calm]1 appeas$ by !
 dea? t puts a t]m to ! hatr$ ( e       
creature2 %e )draws h] /+1 hurries to ! 

adjo9+ cell1 attacks x & op5s x1 pass+ x
 by %\ld %e f9d 9 x only an imp]fect    
l>va or nymph2 nor does %e pause till1  
at la/1 exhau/$ & brea?less1 h] claws & 
tee? glide h>mless ov] ! wax5 walls4  ,!
 bees t surr\nd h] h calmly wat*$ h]    
fury1 h /ood by1 inactive1 mov+ only to 
leave h] pa? cle>2 b no soon] has a cell
 be5 pi]c$ & laid wa/e ?an !y eag]ly    
flock to x1 drag out ! corpse ( ! ravi%$
 nymph1 or ! /ill liv+ l>va1 & ?ru/ x =?
 f ! hive1 !reupon gorg+ !mselves ) !   
preci\s royal jelly t adh]es to ! sides 
( ! cell4 ,& f9ally1 :5 ! que5 has      
become too weak to p]si/ 9 h] passion1  
!y w !mselves complete ! massacre ( !   
innoc5ts2 & ! sov]eign race1 & _!       
dwell+s1 w all disappe>4  ,?is is !     
t]rible h\r ( ! hive2 ! only occasion1 )
 t ( ! m ju/ifiable execution ( !       
drones1 :5 ! work]s suff] discord & dea?
 to be busy among/ !m2 & "h1 z (t5 9    
nature1 x is ! fav\r$ ( love :o attract 
to !mselves ! mo/ extraord9>y %afts (   
viol5t dea?4  ,x w happ5 at times t two 

que5s w be hat*$ simultane\sly1 !       
occurr5ce be+ r>e1 h[ev]1 = ! bees take 
special c>e to prev5t x4 ,b :5ev] ?is   
does take place1 ! deadly combat w beg9 
! mom5t !y em]ge f _! cradles2 & ( ?is  
combat ,hub] 0 ! fir/ to rem>k an       
extraord9>y feature4 ,ea* "t1 x w\ld    
seem t ! que5s1 9 _! passes1 pres5t _!  
*itr9\s cuirasses to ea* o!r 9 su* a    
fa%ion t ! draw+ ( ! /+ w\ld prove      
mutually fatal2 "o might almo/ believe  
t1 ev5 z a god or goddess 0 wont to     
int]pose 9 ! combats ( ! ,iliad1 s a god
 or a goddess1 ! div9ity ( ! race1      
p]haps1 int]poses "h2 & ! two w>riors1  
/rick5 ) simultane\s t]ror1 divide &    
fly1 to meet %ortly aft] & sep>ate aga9 
%\ld ! d\ble disa/] once m m5ace !      
future ( _! p2 till at la/ "o ( !m %all 
succe$ 9 surpris+ h] clumsi] or less w>y
 rival1 & 9 kill+ h] )\t risk to h]self4
 ,= ! law ( ! race has call$ = "o       
sacrifice only4  ,! cradles hav+ ?us be5
 de/roy$ & ! rivals all sla91 ! "y que5 
is accept$ by h] p2 b %e w n truly reign

 ov] !m1 or be treat$ z 0 h] "m be=e h]1
 until ! nuptial flight be accompli%$2 =
 until %e be impregnat$ ! bees w hold h]
 b lightly1 & r5d] mo/ pass+ homage4 ,h]
 hi/ory1 h[ev]1 w r>ely be z unev5tful z
 ?is1 = ! bees w n (t5 r5\nce _! desire 
= a second sw>m4 ,9 t case1 z be=e1     
quick ) ! same desires1 ! que5 w approa*
 ! royal cells2 b in/ead ( meet+ )      
docile s]vants :o second h] ef=ts1 %e w 
f9d h] pa? block$ by a num]\s & ho/ile  
gu>d4 ,9 h] fury1 & urg$ on by h] fix$  
idea1 %e w endeav\r to =ce h] way ?r\gh1
 or to outflank !m2 b ev]y:]e s5t9els   
are po/$ to protect ! sleep+ pr9cesses4 
,%e p]si/s1 %e returns to ! *>ge1 to be 
repuls$ ) ev] increas+ sev]ity1 to be   
some:at r\ghly h&l$ ev51 until at la/ %e
 beg9s vaguely to und]/& t ^! little    
inflexible work]s /& = a law be=e :i* t 
law mu/ b5d :]eby %e is inspir$4  ,& at 
la/ %e goes1 & w&]s f comb to comb1 h]  
unsatisfi$ wra? f9d+ v5t 9 a w>-song1 or
 angry compla9t1 t e bee-keep] kn[s2    
resembl+ some:at ! note ( a di/ant      

trumpet ( silv]2 s int5se1 9 its        
passionate feebl5ess1 z to be cle>ly    
audible1 9 ! ev5+ especially1 two or    
?ree y>ds f ! d\ble walls ( ! mo/       
c>efully enclos$ hive4  ,^u ! work]s ?is
 royal cry has a magical effect4 ,x     
t]rifies !m1 x induces a k9d (          
respectful /upor2 & :5 ! que5 s5ds x =?1
 z %e halts 9 front ( ! cells ^: approa*
 is d5i$ h]1 ! gu>dians :o h b ?is mom5t
 be5 hu/l+ h]1 pu%+ h] back1 w at once  
desi/1 & wait1 ) b5t head1 till ! cry   
%all h ceas$ to res\nd4 ,inde$1 "s      
believe t x is ?anks to ! pre/ige ( ?is 
cry1 :i* ! ,sph9x ,atropos imitates1 t !
 latt] is able to ent] ! hive1 & gorge  
itself ) honey1 )\t ! lea/ mole/ation on
 ! "p ( ! bees4  ,= two or ?ree days1   
sometimes ev5 = five1 ?is indignant     
lam5t w be he>d1 ?is *all5ge t ! que5   
addresses to h] well protect$ rivals4 ,&
 z ^! 9 _! turn develop1 9 _! turn gr[  
anxi\s to see ! light1 !y too set to "w 
to gnaw ! lids ( _! cells4 ,a mighty    
disord] w\ld n[ appe> to ?reat5 !       

republic4 ,b ! g5ius ( ! hive1 at ! "t t
 x =m$ its decision1 0 able to =etell e 
consequ5ce t might ensue2 & ! gu>dians h
 _h _! in/ructions3 !y "k exactly :at   
mu/ be done1 h\r by h\r1 to meet !      
attacks ( a foil$ in/9ct1 & conduct two 
opposite =ces to a successful issue4 ,!y
 are fully aw>e t if ! "y que5s %\ld    
escape :o n[ clam\r = bir?1 !y w\ld fall
 into ! h&s ( _! eld] si/]1 by ?is "t   
irresi/ible1 :o w\ld de/roy !m "o by "o4
 ,! work]s1 !re=e1 w pile on fre% lay]s 
( wax 9 proportion z ! prison] r$uces1 f
 )91 ! walls ( h] t[]2 & ! impati5t     
pr9cess w ard5tly p]si/ 9 h] lab\r1     
little suspect+ t %e has to deal ) an   
en*ant$ ob/acle1 t rises ev] afre% f its
 ru94 ,%e he>s ! w>-cry ( h] rival2 &   
already aw>e ( h] royal duty & de/9y1   
al?\gh %e has n yet look$ ^u life1 nor  
kn[s :at a hive may be1 %e answ]s !     
*all5ge f )9 ! dep?s ( h] prison4 ,b h] 
cry is diff]5t2 x is /ifl$ & holl[1 = x 
has to trav]se ! walls ( a tomb2 &1 :5  
night is fall+1 & noises are hu%$1 &    

high ov] all !re reigns ! sil5ce ( !    
/>s1 ! api>i/ :o ne>s ^! m>vell\s cities
 & /&s1 que/ion+1 at _! entrance1       
recognises & und]/&s ! dialogue t is    
pass+ betwe5 ! w&]+ que5 & ! virg9s 9   
prison4  #gb  ,to ! "y pr9cesses1 h[ev]1
 ?is prolong$ reclusion is ( mat]ial    
b5efit2 = :5 !y at la/ are fre$ !y h    
gr[n mature & vigor\s1 & are able to    
fly4 ,b dur+ ?is p]iod ( wait+ ! /r5g? (
 ! fir/ que5 has also increas$1 & is    
suffici5t n[ to enable h] to face !     
p]ils ( ! voyage4 ,! "t has arriv$1     
!re=e1 = ! dep>ture ( ! second sw>m1 or 
ca/1 ) ! fir/-born ( ! que5s at its     
head4 ,no soon] has %e gone ?an ! work]s
 left 9 ! hive w set "o ( ! prison]s    
free2 & %e w ev9ce ! same murd]\s       
desires1 s5d =? ! same cries ( ang]1    
until1 at la/1 aft] ?ree or f\r days1 %e
 w leave ! hive 9 h] turn1 at ! head ( !
 t]ti>y sw>m2 & s 9 succession1 9 ! case
 ( sw>m+ fev]1 till ! "m-city %all be   
completely exhau/$4  ,swamm]dam cites a 
hive t1 ?r\gh its sw>ms & ! sw>ms ( its 

sw>ms1 0 able 9 a s+le season to f\nd no
 less ?an ?irty colonies4  ,su*         
extraord9>y multiplication is above all 
noticeable aft] disa/r\s w9t]s2 & "o    
might almo/ believe t ! bees1 =ev] 9 t\*
 ) ! secret desires ( nature1 are       
consci\s ( ! dang]s t m5ace _! race4 ,b 
at ord9>y times ?is fev] w r>ely occur 9
 a /rong & well-gov]n$ hive4 ,!re are _m
 t sw>m only once2 & "s1 inde$1 n at    
all4  ,aft] ! second sw>m ! bees1 z a   
rule1 w r5\nce fur!r division1 ow+ ei!r 
to _! hav+ obs]v$ ! excessive feebl5ess 
( _! own /ock1 or to ! prud5ce urg$ ^u  
!m by ?reat5+ skies4 ,9 t case !y w all[
 ! ?ird que5 to slaught] ! captives2    
ord9>y life w at once be resum$1 &      
pursu$ ) ! m ard\r = ! reason t ! work]s
 are all v "y1 t ! hive is depopulat$ & 
impov]i%$1 & t !re are great voids to   
fill be=e ! arrival ( w9t]4  #gc  ,!    
dep>ture ( ! second & ?ird sw>ms        
resembles t ( ! fir/1 & ! conditions are
 id5tical1 ) ! exception t ! bees are   
few] 9 numb]1 less circumspect1 & lack+ 

9 sc\ts2 & also t ! "y & virg9 que51 be+
 un5cumb]$ & ard5t1 w fly mu* fur!r1 & 9
 ! fir/ /age lead ! sw>m to a           
consid]able di/ance f ! hive4 ,! conduct
 ( ^! second & ?ird migrations w be f> m
 ra%1 & _! future m problematical4 ,!   
que5 at _! head1 ! repres5tative ( !    
future1 has n yet be5 impregnat$4 ,_!   
entire de/9y dep5ds on ! ensu+ nuptial  
flight4 ,a pass+ bird1 a few drops (    
ra91 a mi/ake1 a cold w9d--any "o ( ^!  
may give rise to irrem$iable disa/]4 ,( 
?is ! bees are s well aw>e t :5 ! "y    
que5 sallies =? 9 que/ ( h] lov]1 !y (t5
 w ab&on ! lab\rs !y h begun1 w =sake ! 
home ( a day t already is de> to !m1 &  
accompany h] 9 a body1 dread+ to let h] 
pass out ( _! sight1 eag]1 z !y =m      
closely ar\nd h]1 & %elt] h] b5ea? _!   
myriad devot$ w+s1 to lose !mselves )   
h]1 %\ld love cause h] to /ray s f> f ! 
hive t ! z yet unfamili> road ( return  
%all gr[ blurr$ & hesitat+ 9 e memory4  
#gd  ,b s pot5t is ! law ( ! future t   
none ( ^! unc]ta9ties1 ^! p]ils ( dea?1 

w cause a s+le bee to wav]4 ,! en?usiasm
 display$ by ! second & ?ird sw>ms is n 
less ?an t ( ! fir/4 ,no soon] has !    
"m-city pron\nc$ its decision ?an a     
battalion ( work]s w flock ar\nd ea*    
dang]\s "y que51 eag] to foll[ h]       
=tunes1 to accompany h] on ! voyage :]e 
!re is s mu* to lose1 & s little to ga9 
beyond ! desire ( a satisfi$ in/9ct4    
,:5ce d !y d]ive ! en]gy we ourselves   
nev] possess1 :]eby !y break ) ! pa/ z  
?\gh ) an enemy8 ,:o is x selects f !   
cr[d ^? :o %all g =?1 & decl>es :o %all 
rema98 ,no special class divides ^? :o  
/ay f ^? :o w&] abroad2 x w be ! y\ng]  
"h & ! eld] !re2 ar\nd ea* que5 :o %all 
nev] return vet]an =ag]s jo/le t9y      
work]s1 :o = ! fir/ "t %all face !      
dizz9ess ( ! blue4 ,nor is !            
proportionate /r5g? ( a sw>m controll$  
by *ance or accid5t1 by ! mom5t>y       
dejection or transport ( an in/9ct1     
?\ght1 or feel+4 ,i h m ?an once tri$ to
 e/abli% a relation betwe5 ! numb] (    
bees compos+ a sw>m & ! numb] ( ^? t    

rema92 & al?\gh ! difficulties ( ?is    
calculation are su* z to preclude any?+ 
approa*+ ma!matical precision1 ,i h at  
lea/ be5 able to ga!r t ?is relation--if
 we take into acc\nt ! brood-cells1 or 9
 o!r words ! =?com+ bir?s--is           
suffici5tly con/ant to po9t to an actual
 & my/]i\s reckon+ on ! "p ( ! g5ius ( !
 hive4  #ge  ,we w n foll[ ^! sw>ms on  
_! num]\s1 & (t5 mo/ complicat$1        
adv5tures4 ,two sw>ms1 at times1 w jo9  
=ces2 at o!rs1 two or ?ree ( ! imprison$
 que5s w pr(it by ! confusion att5d+ !  
mom5t ( dep>ture to elude ! wat*fulness 
( _! gu>dians & jo9 ! gr\ps t are =m+4  
,occasionally1 too1 "o ( ! "y que5s1    
f9d+ h]self surr\nd$ by males1 w cause  
h]self to be impregnat$ 9 ! sw>m+       
flight1 & w !n drag all h] p to an      
extraord9>y height & di/ance4 ,9 !      
practice ( apiculture ^! second>y &     
t]ti>y sw>ms are always return$ to !    
"m-hive4 ,! que5s w meet on ! comb2 !   
work]s w ga!r ar\nd & wat* _! combat2 &1
 :5 ! /rong] has ov]come ! weak] !y w   

!n1 9 _! ard\r = "w & hatr$ ( disord]1  
expel ! corpses1 close ! door on !      
viol5ce ( ! future1 =get ! pa/1 return  
to _! cells1 & resume _! peaceful pa? to
 ! fl[]s t await !m4  #gf  ,we w n[1 9  
ord] to simplify matt]s1 return to !    
que5 :om ! bees h p]mitt$ to slaught] h]
 si/]s1 & resume ! acc\nt ( h]          
adv5tures4 ,z ,i h already /at$1 ?is    
massacre w be (t5 prev5t$1 & (t5        
sanction$1 at times ev5 :5 ! bees       
app>5tly d n int5d to issue a second    
sw>m2 = we notice ! same div]sity (     
political _s 9 ! diff]5t hives ( an     
api>y z 9 ! diff]5t human nations ( a   
cont95t4 ,b x is cle> t ! bees w act    
imprud5tly 9 giv+ _! cons5t2 = if ! que5
 %\ld die1 or /ray 9 ! nuptial flight1 x
 w be impossible to fill h] place1 !    
work]s' l>vae hav+ pass$ ! age :5 !y are
 susceptible ( royal trans=mation4 ,let 
u assume1 h[ev]1 t ! imprud5ce has be5  
committ$2 & behold our fir/-born1 !re=e1
 unique sov]eign1 & recognis$ z su* 9 ! 
_s ( h] p4 ,b %e is /ill a virg94 ,to   

become z 0 ! "m be=e h]1 x is ess5tial t
 %e %\ld meet ! male )9 ! fir/ tw5ty    
days ( h] life4 ,%\ld ! ev5t = "s reason
 be delay$ beyond ?is p]iod1 h] virg9ity
 becomes irrevocable4 ,& yet we h se5 t 
%e is n /]ile1 virg9 ?\gh %e be4 ,!re   
confronts u "h ! great my/]y--or        
precaution--( ,nature1 t is kn[n z      
p>!nog5esis1 & is common to a c]ta9     
numb] ( insects1 su* z ! aphides1 !     
lepidopt]a ( ! ,psy*e g5us1 ! hym5opt]a 
( ! ,cynip$e family1 etc4 ,! virg9 que5 
is able to lay2 b f all ! eggs t %e w   
deposit 9 ! cells1 be ^! l>ge or small1 
!re w issue males alone2 & z ^! nev] "w1
 z !y live at ! exp5se ( ! females1 z !y
 nev] g =ag+ except on _! own acc\nt1 & 
are g5]ally incapable ( provid+ = _!    
subsi/5ce1 ! result w be1 at ! end ( "s 
weeks1 t ! la/ exhau/$ work] w p]i%1 & !
 colony be ru9$ & totally annihilat$4 ,!
 que51 we h said1 w produce ?\s&s (     
drones2 & ea* ( ^! w possess millions ( 
! sp]matozoa :]e( x is impossible t a   
s+le "o c h p5etrat$ into ! organism ( !

 "m4 ,t may n be m a/\nd+1 p]haps1 ?an a
 ?\s& o!r & analog\s ph5om5a2 &1 inde$1 
:5 we consid] ^! problems1 & m          
especially ^? ( g5]ation1 ! m>vell\s & !
 unexpect$ confront u s                 
con/antly--occurr+ f> m frequ5tly1 &    
above all 9 f> less human fa%ion1 ?an 9 
! mo/ miracul\s fairy /ories--t aft] a  
"t a/oni%m5t becomes s habitual ) u t we
 almo/ cease to wond]4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1  
is suffici5tly curi\s to be wor?y (     
notice4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 h[ %all we     
expla9 to ourselves ! aim t nature c h 9
 ?us fav\r+ ! valueless drones at ! co/ 
( ! work]s :o are s ess5tial8 ,is %e    
afraid le/ ! females might p]haps be    
induc$ by _! intellect unduly to limit !
 numb] ( _! p>asites1 :i*1 de/ructive   
?\gh !y be1 are /ill necess>y = !       
pres]vation ( ! race8 ,or is x m]ely an 
exagg]at$ reaction aga9/ ! mis=tune ( ! 
unfruitful que58 ,c we h "h "o ( ^? bl9d
 & extreme precautions :i*1 ignor+ !    
cause ( ! evil1 ov]/ep ! rem$y2 &1 9 !  
endeav\r to prev5t an un=tunate accid5t1

 br+ ab\t a cata/rophe8 ,9 reality--?\gh
 we mu/ n =get t ! natural1 primitive   
reality is diff]5t3 f t ( ! pres5t1 = 9 
! orig9al =e/ ! colonies might well be  
f> m scatt]$ ?an !y are to-day--9       
reality ! que5's unfruitfulness w r>ely 
be due to ! want ( males1 = ^! are v    
num]\s always1 & w flock f af>2 b r to !
 ra91 or ! cold1 t w h kept h] too long 
9 ! hive1 & m frequ5tly /ill to !       
imp]fect /ate ( h] w+s1 :]eby %e w be   
prev5t$ f describ+ ! high flight 9 ! air
 t ! organ ( ! male dem&s4 ,nature1     
h[ev]1 he$less ( ^! m intr9sic causes1  
is s deeply conc]n$ ) ! multiplication (
 males1 t we sometimes f9d1 9 mo!rless  
hives1 two or ?ree work]s possess$ ( s  
great a desire to pres]ve ! race t1 _!  
atrophi$ ov>ies not)/&+1 !y w /ill      
endeav\r to lay2 &1 _! organs exp&+     
some:at b5ea? ! empire ( ?is exasp]at$  
s5tim5t1 !y w succe$ 9 deposit+ a few   
eggs 9 ! cells2 b f ^! eggs1 z f ^? ( ! 
virg9 "m1 !re w1 issue only males4  #gg 
,"h we behold ! active int]v5tion ( a   

sup]ior ?\gh p]haps imprud5t w1 :i* (f]s
 irresi/ible ob/ruction to ! intellig5t 
w ( a life4 ,9 ! insect _w su*          
int]v5tions are comp>atively frequ5t1 & 
mu* c be ga9$ f _! /udy2 = ?is _w be+ m 
d5sely peopl$ & m complex ?an o!rs1     
c]ta9 special desires ( nature are (t5 m
 palpably reveal$ to u !re2 & %e may ev5
 at times be detect$ 9 ! mid/ (         
exp]im5ts we might almo/ be w>rant$ 9   
reg>d+ z incomplete4 ,%e has "o great & 
g5]al desire1 = in/ance1 t %e displays  
on all sides2 ! amelioration ( ea*      
species ?r\gh ! triumph ( ! /rong]4 ,?is
 /ruggle1 z a rule1 is mo/ c>efully     
organis$4 ,! hecatomb ( ! weak is       
enorm\s1 b t matt]s little s long z !   
victors' rew>d be effectual & c]ta94 ,b 
!re are cases :5 "o might almo/ imag9e t
 nature _h n _h "t en\gh to dis5tangle  
h] comb9ations2 cases :]e rew>d is      
impossible1 & ! fate ( ! victor no less 
disa/r\s ?an t ( ! vanqui%$4 ,& ( su*1  
select+ an in/ance t w n take u too f> f
 our bees1 ,i "k ( no in/ance m /rik+   

?an t ( ! triongul9s ( ! ,sit>is        
colletes4 ,& x w be se5 t1 9 _m details1
 ?is /ory is less =eign to ! hi/ory (   
man ?an might p]haps be imag9$4  ,^!    
triongul9s are ! prim>y l>vae ( a       
p>asite prop] to a wild1 obtuse-tongu$1 
solit>y bee1 ! ,colletes1 :i* builds its
 ne/ 9 subt]ranean gall]ies4 ,x is _!   
habit to lie 9 wait = ! bee at ! approa*
 to ^! gall]ies2 & !n1 to ! numb] (     
?ree1 f\r1 five1 or (t5 ( m1 !y w leap  
on h] back1 & bury !mselves 9 h] hair4  
,7 ! /ruggle ( ! weak aga9/ ! /rong to  
take place at ?is mom5t !re w\ld be no m
 to be said1 & all w\ld pass 9          
accordance ) univ]sal law4 ,b1 = a      
reason we "k n1 _! in/9ct requires1 &   
nature has consequ5tly orda9$1 t !y %\ld
 hold !mselves tranquil s long z !y     
rema9 on ! back ( ! bee4 ,!y pati5tly   
bide _! "t :ile %e visits ! fl[]s1 &    
con/ructs & provisions h] cells4 ,b no  
soon] has an egg be5 laid ?an !y all    
spr+ ^u x2 & ! innoc5t colletes c>efully
 seals d[n h] cell1 :i* %e has duly     

suppli$ ) food1 nev] suspect+ t %e has  
at ! same "t ensur$ ! dea? ( h] (fspr+4 
,! cell has sc>cely be5 clos$ :5 !      
triongul9s gr\p$ r\nd ! egg engage 9 !  
inevitable & salut>y combat ( natural   
selection4 ,! /rong]1 m agile1 w seize  
its adv]s>y b5ea? ! cuirass1 &1 rais+ x 
al(t1 w ma9ta9 x = h\rs 9 its m&ibles   
until ! victim expire4 ,b1 :ile ?is     
fight is 9 progress1 ano!r ( !          
triongul9s1 t _h ei!r no rival to meet1 
or already has conqu]$1 takes possession
 ( ! egg & bur/s x op54 ,! ultimate     
victor has !re=e ?is fre% enemy to      
subdue2 b ! conque/ is easy1 = !        
triongul91 deep 9 ! satisfaction ( its  
pre-natal hung]1 cl+s ob/9ately to !    
egg1 & does n ev5 attempt to def5d      
itself4 ,x is quickly despat*$2 & ! o!r 
is at la/ alone1 & possessor ( ! preci\s
 egg x has won s well4 ,x eag]ly plunges
 its head into ! op5+ its pr$ecessor _h 
made2 & beg9s ! l5g?y repa/ t %all      
trans=m x into a p]fect insect4 ,b      
nature1 t has decre$ ?is ordeal (       

battle1 has1 on ! o!r h&1 e/abli%$ !    
prize ( victory ) su* mis]ly precision t
 no?+ %ort ( an entire egg w suffice = !
 n\ri%m5t ( a s+le triongul94 ,s t1 z we
 are in=m$ by ,m4 ,mayet1 to :om we owe 
! acc\nt ( ^! disconc]t+ adv5tures1 !re 
is lack+ to our conqu]or ! food its la/ 
victim consum$ be=e dea?2 & incapable   
!re=e ( a*iev+ ! fir/ /age ( its        
trans=mation1 x dies 9 its turn1 adh]+  
to ! sk9 ( ! egg1 or add+ itself1 9 !   
sug>y liquid1 to ! numb] ( ! dr[n$4  #gh
  ,?is case1 ?\gh r>ely to be foll[$ s  
closely1 is n unique 9 natural hi/ory4  
,we h "h1 laid b>e be=e u1 ! /ruggle    
betwe5 ! consci\s w ( ! triongul91 t    
seeks to live1 & ! obscure & g5]al w (  
nature1 t n only desires t ! triongul9  
%\ld live1 b is anxi\s ev5 t its life   
%\ld be improv$1 & =tifi$1 to a degree  
beyond t to :i* its own w impels x4 ,b1 
?r\gh "s /range inadv]t5ce1 !           
amelioration nature imposes suppresses !
 life ( ev5 ! fitte/1 & ! ,sit>is       
,colletes w\ld h long s9ce disappe>$ _h 

n *ance1 act+ 9 opposition to ! desires 
( nature1 p]mitt$ isolat$ individuals to
 escape f ! excell5t & f>-see+ law t    
orda9s on all sides ! triumph ( !       
/rong]4  ,c ?is mighty p[] err1 !n1 t   
seems unconsci\s to u1 b necess>ily     
wise1 see+ t ! life %e organises &      
ma9ta9s is =ev] prov+ h] to be "r8 ,c   
feebl5ess at times ov]come t supreme    
reason1 :i* we are apt to invoke :5 we h
 atta9$ ! limits ( our own8 ,& if t be  
s1 by :om %all ?is feebl5ess be set "r8 
,b let u return to t special =m ( h]    
resi/less int]v5tion t we f9d 9         
p>!nog5esis4 ,& we %all d well to       
rememb] t1 remote z ! _w may seem 9 :i* 
^! problems confront u1 !y d inde$ yet  
conc]n ourselves v ne>ly4 ,:o w\ld d>e  
to affirm t no int]v5tions take place 9 
! sph]e ( man--int]v5tions t may be m   
hidd51 b n ! less fraught ) dang]8 ,& 9 
! case be=e u1 :i* is "r1 9 ! end1--!   
insect1 or nature8 ,:at w\ld happ5 if ! 
bees1 m docile p]haps1 or end[$ ) a     
high] intellig5ce1 7 too cle>ly to      

und]/& ! desires ( nature1 & to foll[ !m
 to ! extreme2 to multiply males to     
inf9ity1 see+ t nature is imp]i\sly     
call+ = males8 ,w\ld !y n risk !        
de/ruction ( _! species8 ,are we to     
believe t !re are int5tions 9 nature t x
 is dang]\s to und]/& too cle>ly1 fatal 
to foll[ ) too mu* ard\r2 & t x is "o ( 
h] desires t we %\ld n div9e1 & foll[1  
all h] desires8 ,is x n possible t h]e9 
!re may lie "o ( ! p]ils ( ! human race8
 ,we too are aw>e ( unconsci\s =ces )9  
u1 t w\ld appe> to dem& ! rev]se ( :at  
our intellect urges4 ,& ?is intellect ( 
ours1 t1 z a rule1 its own b\nd>y rea*$1
 kn[s n :i!r to g--c x be well t x %\ld 
jo9 itself to ^! =ces1 & add to !m its  
unexpect$ weight8  #gi  ,h we ! "r to   
conclude1 f ! dang]s ( p>!nog5esis1 t   
nature is n always able to proportion ! 
means to ! end2 & t :at %e int5ds to    
pres]ve is pres]v$ at times by means (  
precautions %e has to contrive aga9/ h] 
own precautions1 & (t5 ?r\gh =eign      
circum/ances %e has n h]self =ese58 ,b  

is !re any?+ %e does =esee1 any?+ %e    
does int5d to pres]ve8 ,nature1 "s may  
say1 is a ^w :]e) we clo! ! unkn[able2 &
 few ?+s au?orise our cr$it+ x )        
intellig5ce1 or ) aim4 ,t is true4 ,we  
t\* "h ! h]metically seal$ vases t      
furni% our conception ( ! univ]se4      
,reluctant1 ov] & ov] aga91 to label ^! 
) ! inscription ,,unkn[n1 t di%e>t5s u &
 compels u to sil5ce1 we engrave ^u !m1 
9 ! degree ( _! size & gr&eur1 ! words  
,nature1 life1 dea?1 inf9ite1 selection1
 _s ( ! race1 & _m o!rs1 ev5 z ^? :o w5t
 be=e u affix$ ! words ,god1 ,provid5ce1
 de/9y1 rew>d1 etc4 ,let x be s1 if "o  
w1 & no m4 ,b1 ?\gh ! cont5ts ( ! vases 
rema9 obscure1 !re is ga9 at lea/ 9 !   
fact t ! inscriptions to-day convey less
 m5ace to u1 t we are able !re=e to     
approa* !m & t\* !m1 & lay our e>s close
 to !m & li/51 ) :olesome curiosity4  ,b
 :atev] ! "n we atta* to ^! vases1 x is 
c]ta9 t "o ( !m1 at lea/1 & ! greate/--t
 :i* be>s on its flank ! "n             
,nature--encloses a v real =ce1 ! mo/   

real ( all1 & "o t is able to pres]ve an
 enorm\s & m>vell\s quantity & quality (
 life on our globe1 by means s skilful t
 !y surpass all t ! g5ius ( man c\ld    
contrive4 ,c\ld ?is quantity & quality  
be ma9ta9$ by o!r means8 ,is x we :o    
deceive ourselves :5 we imag9e t we see 
precautions :]e p]haps !re is truly no m
 ?an a =tunate *ance1 t has surviv$ a   
million un=tunate *ances8  #hj  ,t may  
be2 b ^! =tunate *ances tea* u a lesson 
9 admiration z valuable z ^? we might   
le>n 9 regions sup]ior to *ance4 ,if we 
let our gaze travel beyond ! creatures t
 are possess$ ( a glimm] ( intellect &  
consci\sness1 beyond ! protozoa ev51 :i*
 are ! fir/ nebul\s repres5tatives ( !  
dawn+ animal k+dom1 we f9d1 z has be5   
abundantly prov$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4  
,h4 ,j4 ,c>t]1 ! celebrat$ microscopi/1 
t ! v l[e/ embryos1 su* z ! myxomycetes1
 manife/ a w & desires & pref]5ces2 & t 
infusoria1 :i* app>5tly h no organism   
:atev]1 give evid5ce ( a c]ta9 cunn+4 ,!
 ,amoebae1 = in/ance1 w pati5tly lie 9  

wait = ! new-born ,ac9etes1 z !y leave !
 mat]nal ov>y2 be+ aw>e t ^! mu/ z yet  
be lack+ _! poison\s t5tacles4 ,n[1 !   
,amoebae h nei!r a n]v\s sy/em nor      
di/+ui%able organs ( any k9d4 ,or if we 
turn to ! plants1 :i*1 be+ motionless1  
w\ld seem expos$ to e fatality1--)\t    
paus+ to consid] c>nivor\s species l !  
,drus]a1 :i* really act z animals1--we  
are /ruck by ! g5ius t "s ( our humble/ 
fl[]s display 9 contriv+ t ! visit ( !  
bee %all infallibly procure !m ! cross$ 
f]tilisation !y ne$4 ,see ! m>vell\s    
fa%ion 9 :i* ! ,or*is ,moris1 our humble
 c\ntry or*id1 comb9es ! play ( its     
ro/ellum & ret9acula2 obs]ve !          
ma!matical & automatic incl9ation &     
adhesion ( its poll9ia2 z also ! un]r+  
d\ble seesaw ( ! an!rs ( ! wild sage1   
:i* t\* ! body ( ! visit+ insect at a   
p>ticul> spot 9 ord] t ! insect may1 9  
its turn1 t\* ! /igma ( ! neighb\r+ fl[]
 at ano!r p>ticul> spot2 wat*1 too1 9 ! 
case ( ! ,p$icul>is ,sylvatica1 !       
successive1 calculat$ movem5ts ( its    

/igma2 & inde$ ! entrance ( ! bee into  
any "o ( ^! ?ree fl[]s sets e organ     
vibrat+1 j z ! skilful m>ksman :o hits !
 black spot on ! t>get w cause all !    
figures to move 9 ! elaborate me*anisms 
we see 9 our village fairs4  ,we might g
 l[] /ill1 & %[1 z ,rusk9 has %[n 9 8   
,e?ics ( ! ,du/1 ! "*1 habits1 &        
artifices ( cry/als2 _! qu>rels1 & mode 
( proc$ure1 :5 a =eign body attempts to 
oppose _! plans1 :i* are m anci5t by f> 
?an our imag9ation c conceive2 ! mann] 9
 :i* !y admit or repel an enemy1 !      
possible victory ( ! weak] ov] ! /rong]1
 z1 = in/ance1 :5 ! all-p[]ful qu>tz    
submits to ! humble & wily epidote1 &   
all[s ?is la/ to conqu] x2 ! /ruggle1   
t]rible sometimes & sometimes           
magnific5t1 betwe5 ! rock-cry/al & iron2
 ! regul>1 immaculate expansion &       
uncompromis+ purity ( "o hyal9e block1  
:i* rejects :atev] is f\l1 & ! sickly   
gr[?1 ! evid5t immorality1 ( its bro!r1 
:i* admits corruption1 & wri!s mis]ably 
9 ! void2 z we might quote also ! /range

 ph5om5a ( cry/all9e cicatrisation &    
re9tegration m5tion$ by ,claude ,b]n>d1 
etc4 ,b ! my/]y "h becomes too =eign to 
u4 ,let u keep to our fl[]s1 :i* are !  
la/ expression ( a life t has yet "s    
k9%ip ) our own4 ,we are n deal+ n[ )   
animals or insects1 to :i* we attribute 
a special1 intellig5t w1 ?anks to :i* !y
 survive4 ,we believe1 rightly or       
wrongly1 t ! fl[]s possess no su* w2 at 
lea/ we _c discov] 9 !m ! slighte/ trace
 ( ! organs :]e9 w1 intellect1 &        
initiative ( action1 are usually born & 
reside4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t all t acts 9
 !m 9 s admirable a fa%ion mu/ directly 
proce$ f :at we else:]e call nature4 ,we
 are no long] conc]n$ ) ! intellect ( ! 
individual2 "h we f9d ! un consci\s1    
undivid$ =ce 9 ! act ( ensn>+ o!r =ms ( 
itself4 ,%all we on t acc\nt refuse to  
believe t ^! sn>es are pure accid5ts1   
occurr+ 9 accordance ) a r\t9e t is also
 incid5tal8 ,we are n yet entitl$ to su*
 a d$uction4 ,x might be urg$ t ^!      
fl[]s1 _h ^! miracul\s comb9ations n    

be51 w\ld n h surviv$1 b w\ld h _h _!   
place fill$ by o!rs t /ood 9 no ne$ (   
cross$ f]tilisation2 & ! non-exi/5ce ( !
 fir/ w\ld h be5 p]ceiv$ by none1 nor   
w\ld ! life t vibrates on ! e>? h seem$ 
less incompreh5sible to u1 less div]se1 
or less a/\nd+4  ,& yet x w\ld be       
difficult n to admit t acts :i* be> all 
! appe>ance ( acts ( intellig5ce &      
prud5ce produce & support ^! =tunate    
*ances4 ,:5ce d !y issue1--f ! be+      
itself1 or f ! =ce :5ce t be+ draws     
life8 ,i w n say x matt]s b little1 =1  
on ! contr>y1 to "k ! answ] 7 ( supreme 
importance to u4 ,b1 9 ! meantime1 &    
till we %all le>n :e!r x be ! fl[] t    
endeav\rs to ma9ta9 & p]fect ! life t   
nature has plac$ )9 x1 or :e!r x be     
nature t puts =? an ef=t to ma9ta9 &    
improve ! degree ( exi/5ce ! fl[] has   
assum$1 or f9ally :e!r x be *ance t     
ultimately gov]ns *ance1 a multitude (  
semblances invite u to believe t some?+ 
equal to our l(tie/ ?\ghts issues at    
times f a common s\rce1 t we are        

compell$ to admire )\t kn[+ :]e x       
resides4  ,!re are mom5ts :5 :at seems  
error to u comes =? f ?is common s\rce4 
,b1 al?\gh we "k v few ?+s1 pro(s ab\nd 
t ! seem+ error 0 9 reality an act (    
prud5ce t we at fir/ c\ld n grasp4 ,9 ! 
little circle1 ev51 t our eyes embrace  
we are con/antly %[n t :at we reg>d$ z  
nature's blund] close by 0 due to h]    
deem+ x well to adju/ ! presum$         
inadv]t5ce out yond]4 ,%e has plac$ !   
?ree fl[]s we m5tion$ "u conditions (   
su* difficulty t !y are unable to       
f]tilise !mselves2 %e consid]s x        
b5eficial1 !re=e1 = reasons beyond our  
p[]s ( p]ception1 t !y %\ld cause       
!mselves to be f]tilis$ by _! neighb\rs2
 &1 inasmu* z %e enhances ! intellig5ce 
( h] victims1 %e displays on our "r !   
g5ius %e fail$ to display on our left4  
,! byways ( ?is g5ius ( h]s rema9       
incompreh5sible to u1 b its level is    
always ! same4 ,x w appe> to fall into  
error--assum+ t error be                
possible--!reupon ris+ aga9 at once 9 ! 

organ *>g$ to repair ?is error4 ,turn   
:]e we may1 x t[]s high ov] our heads4  
,x is ! circul> ocean1 ! tideless wat]1 
:]eon our bolde/ & mo/ indep5d5t ?\ghts 
w nev] be m ?an m]e abject bubbles4 ,we 
call x ,nature to-day2 to-morr[1 p]haps1
 we %all give x ano!r "n1 s(t] or m     
al>m+4 ,9 ! mean:ile x holds            
simultane\s1 imp>tial sway ov] life &   
dea?2 furni%+ ! two irreconcilable si/]s
 ) ! magnific5t & famili> weapons t     
adorn & di/ract its bosom4  #ha  ,does  
?is =ce take measures to ma9ta9 :at may 
be /ruggl+ on its surface1 or mu/ we    
say1 argu+ 9 ! /range/ ( circles1 t :at 
floats on its surface mu/ gu>d itself   
aga9/ ! g5ius t has giv5 x life8 ,t "q  
mu/ be left op54 ,we h no means (       
asc]ta9+ :e!r x be not)/&+ ! ef=ts ( !  
sup]ior w1 or indep5d5tly ( ^!1 or la/ly
 because ( ^!1 t a species has be5 able 
to survive4  ,all we c say is t su* a   
species exi/s1 & t1 on ?is po9t1 !re=e1 
nature w\ld seem to be "r4 ,b :o %all   
tell u h[ _m o!rs t we h n kn[n h fall5 

victim to h] re/less & =getful          
intellect8 ,beyond ?is1 we c recognise  
only ! surpris+ & occasionally ho/ile   
=ms t ! extraord9>y fluid we call life  
assumes1 9 utt] unconsci\sness          
sometimes1 at o!rs ) a k9d (            
consci\sness3 ! fluid :i* animates u    
equally ) all ! re/1 :i* produces ! v   
?\ghts t judge x1 & ! feeble voice t    
attempts to tell its /ory4     ,,vi --  
,,! ,,nuptial ,,flight  ,,we w n[       
consid] ! mann] 9 :i* ! impregnation ( !
 que5-bee comes to pass4 ,"h aga9 nature
 has tak5 extraord9>y measures to fav\r 
! union ( males ) females ( a diff]5t   
/ock2 a /range law1 :]eto no?+ w\ld seem
 to compel h]2 a caprice1 or initial    
inadv]t5ce1 p]haps1 ^: rep>ation calls =
 ! mo/ m>vell\s =ces h] activity kn[s4  
,if %e _h devot$ half ! g5ius %e lavi%es
 on cross$ f]tilisation & o!r arbitr>y  
desires to mak+ life m c]ta91 to        
alleviat+ pa91 to s(t5+ dea? & w>d+ (f  
horrible accid5ts1 ! univ]se w\ld       
probably h pres5t$ an enigma less       

incompreh5sible1 less pitiable1 ?an ! "o
 we are /riv+ to solve4 ,b our          
consci\sness1 & ! int]e/ we take 9      
exi/5ce1 mu/ grapple1 n ) :at might h   
be51 b ) :at is4  ,ar\nd ! virg9 que51 &
 dwell+ ) h] 9 ! hive1 are hundr$s (    
exub]ant males1 =ev] drunk on honey2 !  
sole reason = _! exi/5ce be+ "o act (   
love4 ,b1 not)/&+ ! incessant contact ( 
two desires t else:]e inv>iably triumph 
ov] e ob/acle1 ! union nev] takes place 
9 ! hive1 nor has x be5 possible to br+ 
ab\t ! impregnation ( a captive que5499 
99,pr(essor ,mc,lain has rec5tly succe$$
 9 caus+ a few      que5s to be         
artificially impregnat$2 b ?is has be5 !
      result ( a v]itable surgical      
op]ation1 ( ! mo/      delicate &       
complicat$ nature4 ,moreov]1 ! f]tility 
(      ! que5s 0 re/rict$ & ephem]al4   
,:ile %e lives 9 _! mid/ ! lov]s ab\t h]
 "k n :at %e is4 ,!y seek h] 9 space1 9 
! remote dep?s ( ! horizon1 nev]        
suspect+ t !y h b ?is mom5t quitt$ h]1 h
 %>$ ! same comb ) h]1 h bru%$ aga9/ h]1

 p]haps1 9 ! eag]ness ( _! dep>ture4 ,"o
 might almo/ believe t ^? wond]ful eyes 
( !irs1 t cov] _! head z ?\gh ) a       
glitt]+ helmet1 d n recognise or desire 
h] save :5 %e so>s 9 ! blue4 ,ea* day1 f
 noon till ?ree1 :5 ! sun %9es          
respl5d5t1 ?is plum$ horde sallies =? 9 
se>* ( ! bride1 :o is inde$ m royal1 m  
difficult ( conque/1 ?an ! mo/          
inaccessible pr9cess ( fairy leg5d2 =   
tw5ty or ?irty tribes w ha/5 f all !    
neighb\r+ cities1 h] c\rt ?us consi/+ ( 
m ?an t5 ?\s& suitors2 & f ^! t5 ?\s& "o
 alone w be *os5 = ! unique kiss ( an   
in/ant t %all w$ him to dea? no less ?an
 to happ9ess2 :ile ! o!rs w fly         
helplessly r\nd ! int]tw9$ pair1 & soon 
w p]i% )\t ev] aga9 behold+ ?is         
prodigi\s & fatal app>ition4  #hc  ,i am
 n exagg]at+ ?is wild & amaz+           
prodigality ( nature4 ,! be/-conduct$   
hives w1 z a rule1 conta9 f\r to five   
hundr$ males4 ,weak] or deg5]ate ones w 
(t5 h z _m z f\r or five ?\s&2 = ! m a  
hive incl9es to its ru91 ! m males w x  

produce4 ,x may be said t1 on an av]age1
 an api>y compos$ ( t5 colonies w at a  
giv5 mom5t s5d an army ( t5 ?\s& males  
into ! air1 ( :om t5 or fifte5 at mo/ w 
h ! occasion ( p]=m+ ! "o act = :i* !y 7
 born4  ,9 ! mean:ile !y exhau/ !       
supplies ( ! city2 ea* "o ( ! p>asites  
requir+ ! unceas+ lab\r ( five or six   
work]s to ma9ta9 x 9 its ab\nd+ &       
voraci\s idl5ess1 its activity be+ inde$
 solely conf9$ to its jaws4 ,b nature is
 always magnific5t :5 deal+ ) !         
privileges & pr]ogatives ( love4 ,%e    
becomes mis]ly only :5 dol+ out ! organs
 & in/rum5ts ( lab\r4 ,%e is especially 
sev]e on :at m5 h t]m$ virtue1 :]eas %e 
/rews ! pa? ( ! mo/ un9t]e/+ lov]s )    
innum]able jewels & fav\rs4 ,unite &    
multiply2 !re is no o!r law1 or aim1 ?an
 love1 w\ld seem to be h] con/ant cry on
 all sides1 :ile %e mutt]s to h]self1   
p]haps3 & exi/ aft]w>ds if y c2 t is no 
conc]n ( m9e4 ,d or desire :at else we  
may1 we f9d1 ev]y:]e on our road1 ?is   
morality t diff]s s mu* f our own4 ,&   

note1 too1 9 ^! same little creatures1  
h] unju/ av>ice & ins5sate wa/e4 ,f h]  
bir? to h] dea?1 ! au/]e =ag] has to    
travel abroad 9 se>* ( ! myriad fl[]s t 
hide 9 ! dep?s ( ! ?ickets4 ,%e has to  
discov] ! honey & poll5 t lurk 9 !      
labyr9?s ( ! nect>ies & 9 ! mo/ secret  
recesses ( ! an!rs4 ,& yet h] eyes &    
olfactory organs are l ! eyes & organs (
 ! infirm1 comp>$ ) ^? ( ! male4 ,7 !   
drones almo/ bl9d1 _h !y only ! mo/     
rudim5t>y s5se ( smell1 !y sc>cely w\ld 
suff]4 ,!y h no?+ to d1 no prey to hunt 
d[n2 _! food is br\ght to !m ready      
prep>$1 & _! exi/5ce is sp5t 9 !        
obscurity ( ! hive1 lapp+ honey f !     
comb4 ,b !y are ! ag5ts ( love2 & ! mo/ 
enorm\s1 mo/ useless gifts are flung )  
bo? h&s into ! abyss ( ! future4 ,out ( 
a ?\s& ( !m1 "o only1 once 9 8 life1 w h
 to seek1 9 ! dep?s ( ! azure1 ! pres5ce
 ( ! royal virg94 ,out ( a ?\s& "o only 
w h1 = "o in/ant1 to foll[ 9 space !    
female :o desires n to escape4 ,t       
suffices4 ,! p>tial p[] fl+s op5 h]     

treasury1 wildly1 ev5 deliri\sly4 ,to e 
"o ( ^! unlikely lov]s1 ( :om n9e hundr$
 & n9ety-n9e w be put to dea? a few days
 aft] ! fatal nuptials ( ! ?\s&?1 %e has
 giv5 ?irte5 ?\s& eyes on ea* side ( _! 
head1 :ile ! work] has only six ?\s&4   
,accord+ to ,*e%ire's calculations1 %e  
has provid$ ea* ( _! ant5nae )          
?irty-sev5 ?\s& eight hundr$ olfactory  
cavities1 :ile ! work] has only five    
?\s& 9 bo?4 ,!re we h an in/ance ( !    
almo/ univ]sal disproportion t exi/s    
betwe5 ! gifts %e ra9s ^u love & h]     
nigg>dly doles to lab\r2 betwe5 ! fav\rs
 %e accords to :at %all1 9 an ec/asy1   
create new life1 & ! indiff]5ce :]e) %e 
reg>ds :at w pati5tly h to ma9ta9 itself
 by toil4 ,:oev] w\ld seek fai?fully to 
depict ! "* ( nature1 9 accordance ) !  
traits we discov] "h1 w\ld design an    
extraord9>y figure1 v =eign to our      
ideal1 :i* nev]!less c only emanate f   
h]4 ,b too _m ?+s are unkn[n to man =   
him to essay su* a portrait1 :]e9 all   
w\ld be deep %ad[ save "o or two po9ts (

 flick]+ light4  #hd  ,v few1 ,i imag9e1
 h pr(an$ ! secret ( ! que5-bee's w$d+1 
:i* comes to pass 9 ! inf9ite1 radiant  
circles ( a beautiful sky4 ,b we are    
able to witness ! hesitat+ dep>ture ( ! 
bride-elect & ! murd]\s return ( !      
bride4  ,h[ev] great h] impati5ce1 %e w 
yet *oose h] day & h] h\r1 & l+] 9 !    
%ad[ ( ! portal till a m>vell\s morn+   
fl+ op5 wide ! nuptial spaces 9 ! dep?s 
( ! great azure vault4 ,%e loves ! mom5t
 :5 drops ( dew /ill moi/5 ! leaves & ! 
fl[]s1 :5 ! la/ fragrance ( dy+ dawn    
/ill wre/les ) burn+ day1 l a maid5     
caught 9 ! arms ( a heavy w>rior2 :5    
?r\gh ! sil5ce ( approa*+ noon is he>d1 
once & aga91 a transp>5t cry t has l+]$ 
f sunrise4  ,!n %e appe>s on !          
?re%old--9 ! mid/ ( indiff]5t =ag]s1 if 
%e h left si/]s 9 ! hive2 or surr\nd$ by
 a deliri\s ?rong ( work]s1 %\ld x be   
impossible to fill h] place4  ,%e />ts  
h] flight backw>ds2 returns twice or    
?rice to ! alight+-bo>d2 & !n1 hav+     
def9itely fix$ 9 h] m9d ! exact         

situation & aspect ( ! k+dom %e has nev]
 yet se5 f )\t1 %e dep>ts l an arr[ to !
 z5i? ( ! blue4 ,%e so>s to a height1 a 
lum9\s zone1 t o!r bees atta9 at no     
p]iod ( _! life4 ,f> away1 c>ess+ _!    
idl5ess 9 ! mid/ ( ! fl[]s1 ! males h   
beheld ! app>ition1 h brea!d ! magnetic 
p]fume t spreads f gr\p to gr\p till e  
api>y ne> is in/9ct ) x4 ,imm$iately    
cr[ds collect1 & foll[ h] into ! sea (  
gladness1 ^: limpid b\nd>ies ev] rec$e4 
,%e1 drunk ) h] w+s1 obey+ ! magnific5t 
law ( ! race t *ooses h] lov]1 & enacts 
t ! /ronge/ alone %all atta9 h] 9 !     
solitude ( ! e!r1 %e rises /ill2 &1 = ! 
fir/ "t 9 h] life1 ! blue morn+ air     
ru%es into h] /igmata1 s++ its song1 l !
 blood ( heav51 9 ! myriad tubes ( !    
tra*eal sacs1 n\ri%$ on space1 t fill ! 
c5tre ( h] body4 ,%e rises /ill4 ,a     
region mu/ be f\nd unhaunt$ by birds1 t 
else might pr(ane ! my/]y4 ,%e rises    
/ill2 & already ! ill-assort$ troop bel[
 are dw9dl+ & fall+ asund]4 ,! feeble1  
infirm1 ! ag$1 unwelcome1 ill-f$1 :o h  

fl[n f inactive or impov]i%$ cities1 ^! 
r5\nce ! pursuit & disappe> 9 ! void4   
,only a small1 indefatigable clu/]      
rema91 susp5d$ 9 inf9ite opal4 ,%e      
summons h] w+s = "o f9al ef=t2 & n[ !   
*os5 ( incompreh5sible =ces has rea*$   
h]1 has seiz$ h]1 & b\nd+ al(t ) unit$  
impetus1 ! asc5d+ spiral ( _! int]tw9$  
flight :irls = "o second 9 ! ho/ile     
madness ( love4  #he  ,mo/ creatures h a
 vague belief t a v prec>i\s haz>d1 a   
k9d ( transp>5t membrane1 divides dea? f
 love2 & t ! pr(\nd idea ( nature dem&s 
t ! giv] ( life %\ld die at ! mom5t (   
giv+4 ,"h ?is idea1 ^: memory l+]s /ill 
ov] ! kisses ( man1 is realis$ 9 its    
primal simplicity4 ,no soon] has ! union
 be5 accompli%$ ?an ! male's abdom5     
op5s1 ! organ deta*es itself1 dragg+ ) x
 ! mass ( ! entrails2 ! w+s relax1 &1 z 
?\gh /ruck by lightn+1 ! empti$ body    
turns & turns on itself & s9ks d[n into 
! abyss4  ,! same idea t1 be=e1 9       
p>!nog5esis1 sacrific$ ! future ( ! hive
 to ! unwont$ multiplication ( males1 n[

 sacrifices ! male to ! future ( ! hive4
  ,?is idea is always a/\nd+2 & ! fur!r 
we p5etrate into x1 ! few] d our        
c]titudes become4 ,d>w91 = in/ance1 to  
take ! man ( all m5 :o /udi$ x ! mo/    
me?odically & mo/ passionately1 ,d>w91  
?\gh sc>cely confess+ x to himself1     
loses confid5ce at e /ep1 & retreats    
be=e ! unexpect$ & ! irreconcilable4    
,w\ld y h be=e y ! nobly humiliat+      
spectacle ( human g5ius battl+ ) inf9ite
 p[]1 y h b to foll[ ,d>w9's endeav\rs  
to unravel ! /range1 incoh]5t1          
inconceivably my/]i\s laws ( ! /]ility &
 fecundity ( hybrids1 or ( ! v>iations (
 specific & g5]ic *>act]s4 ,sc>cely has 
he =mulat$ a pr9ciple :5 numb]less      
exceptions assail him2 & ?is v pr9ciple1
 soon completely ov]:elm$1 is glad to   
f9d refuge 9 "s corn]1 & pres]ve a %r$ (
 exi/5ce !re "u ! title ( an exception4 
,= ! fact is t 9 hybridity1 9 v>iability
 7notably 9 ! simultane\s v>iations kn[n
 z correlations ( gr[?71 9 in/9ct1 9 !  
processes ( vital competition1 9        

geologic succession & ! geographic      
di/ribution ( organis$ be+s1 9 mutual   
aff9ities1 z inde$ 9 e o!r direction1 ! 
idea ( nature reveals itself1 9 "o & !  
same ph5om5on & at ! v same "t1 z       
circumspect & %iftless1 nigg>d &        
prodigal1 prud5t & c>eless1 fickle &    
/able1 agitat$ & immovable1 "o &        
innum]able1 magnific5t & squalid4 ,!re  
lay op5 be=e h] ! imm5se & virg9 fields 
( simplicity2 %e *ose to p !m ) trivial 
errors1 ) petty contradictory laws t    
/ray ?r\gh exi/5ce l a flock ( bl9d     
%eep4 ,x is true t our eye1 be=e :i* ^! 
?+s happ51 c only reflect a reality     
proportionate to our ne$s & our /ature2 
nor h we any w>rant = believ+ t nature  
ev] loses sight ( h] w&]+ results &     
causes4  ,9 any ev5t %e w r>ely p]mit !m
 to /ray too f>1 or approa* illogical or
 dang]\s regions4 ,%e disposes ( two    
=ces t nev] c err2 & :5 ! ph5om5on %all 
h trespass$ beyond c]ta9 limits1 %e w   
beckon to life or to dea?--:i* arrives1 
re-e/abli%es ord]1 & unconc]n$ly m>ks   

out ! pa? afre%4  #hf  ,%e eludes u on e
 side2 %e repudiates mo/ ( our rules &  
breaks our /&>ds to pieces4 ,on our "r  
%e s9ks f> b5ea? ! level ( our ?\ghts1  
on our left %e t[]s m\nta9-high above   
!m4 ,%e appe>s to be con/antly blund]+1 
no less 9 ! _w ( h] fir/ exp]im5ts ?an 9
 t ( h] la/1 ( man4 ,!re %e inve/s ) h] 
sanction ! in/9cts ( ! obscure mass1 !  
unconsci\s inju/ice ( ! multitude1 !    
defeat ( intellig5ce & virtue1 !        
un9spir$ morality :i* urges on ! great  
wave ( ! race1 ?\gh manife/ly inf]ior to
 ! morality t c\ld be conceiv$ or desir$
 by ! m9ds compos+ ! small & ! cle>]    
wave t asc5ds ! o!r4 ,& yet1 c su* a m9d
 be wrong if x ask itself :e!r ! :ole   
tru?--moral tru?s1 !re=e1 z well z      
non-moral--_h n bett] be s\ght 9 ?is    
*aos ?an 9 itself1 :]e ^! tru?s w\ld    
seem comp>atively cle> & precise8  ,!   
man :o feels ?us w nev] attempt to d5y !
 reason or virtue ( 8 ideal1 hall[$ by s
 _m h]oes & sages2 b !re are times :5 he
 w :isp] to himself t ?is ideal has     

p]haps be5 =m$ at too great a di/ance f 
! enorm\s mass ^: div]se beauty x w\ld  
fa9 repres5t4 ,he has1 hi!rto1          
legitimately fe>$ t ! attempt to adapt 8
 morality to t ( nature w\ld risk !     
de/ruction ( :at 0 h] ma/]piece4 ,b     
to-day he und]/&s h] a little bett]2 & f
 "s ( h] replies1 :i*1 ?\gh /ill vague1 
reveal an unexpect$ bread?1 he has be5  
enabl$ to seize a glimpse ( a plan & an 
intellect va/] ?an c\ld be conceiv$ by 8
 unaid$ imag9ation2 :]e=e he has gr[n   
less afraid1 nor feels any long] ! same 
imp]i\s ne$ ( ! refuge 8 own special    
virtue & reason af=d him4 ,he concludes 
t :at is s great c\ld surely tea* no?+ t
 w\ld t5d to less5 itself4 ,he wond]s   
:e!r ! mom5t may n h arriv$ = submitt+  
to a m judici\s exam9ation 8            
convictions1 8 pr9ciples1 & 8 dreams4   
,once m1 he has n ! slighte/ desire to  
ab&on 8 human ideal4 ,t ev5 :i* at fir/ 
div]ts him f ?is ideal tea*es him to    
return to x4 ,x 7 impossible = nature to
 give ill advice to a man :o decl9es to 

include 9 ! great s*eme he is endeav\r+ 
to grasp1 :o decl9es to reg>d z         
suffici5tly l(ty to be def9itive1 any   
tru? t is n at lea/ z l(ty z ! tru? he  
himself desires4 ,no?+ %ifts its place 9
 8 life save only to rise ) him2 & he   
kn[s he is ris+ :5 he f9ds himself draw+
 ne> to 8 anci5t image ( good4 ,b all   
?+s trans=m !mselves m freely 9 8       
?\ghts2 & he c desc5d ) impunity1 = he  
has ! pres5tim5t t numb]s ( successive  
valleys w lead him to ! plateau t he    
expects4 ,&1 :ile he ?us seeks =        
conviction1 :ile 8 rese>*es ev5 conduct 
him to ! v rev]se ( t :i* he loves1 he  
directs 8 conduct by ! mo/ humanly      
beautiful tru?1 & cl+s to ! "o t        
provisionally seems to be highe/4 ,all t
 may add to b5efic5t virtue ent]s 8 he>t
 at once2 all t w\ld t5d to less5 x     
rema9+ !re 9 susp5se1 l insoluble salts 
t *ange n till ! h\r = decisive         
exp]im5t4 ,he may accept an inf]ior     
tru?1 b be=e he w act 9 accordance !re) 
he w wait1 if ne$ be = c5turies1 until  

he p]ceive ! connection ?is tru? mu/    
possess ) tru?s s inf9ite z to include &
 surpass all o!rs4  ,9 a ^w1 he divides 
! moral f ! intellectual ord]1 admitt+ 9
 ! =m] t only :i* is great] & m         
beautiful ?an 0 !re be=e4 ,& blamewor?y 
z x may be to sep>ate ! two ord]s 9     
cases1 only too frequ5t 9 life1 :]e we  
suff] our conduct to be inf]ior to our  
?\ghts1 :]e1 see+ ! good1 we foll[ !    
worse--to see ! worse & foll[ ! bett]1  
to raise our actions high ov] our idea1 
mu/ ev] be reasonable & salut>y2 = human
 exp]i5ce r5d]s x daily m cle> t !      
highe/ ?\ght we c atta9 w long be       
inf]ior /ill to ! my/]i\s tru? we seek4 
,moreov]1 %\ld no?+ ( :at goes be=e be  
true1 a reason m simple & m famili> w\ld
 c\nsel him n yet to ab&on 8 human      
ideal4 ,= ! m /r5g? he accords to ! laws
 :i* w\ld seem to set egoism1 inju/ice1 
& cruelty z examples = m5 to foll[1 ! m 
/r5g? does be at ! same "t conf] on !   
o!rs t orda9 g5]osity1 ju/ice1 & pity2 &
 ^! la/ laws are f\nd to conta9 some?+ z

 pr(\ndly natural z ! fir/1 ! mom5t he  
beg9s to equalise1 or allot m           
me?odically1 ! %>e he attributes to !   
univ]se & to himself4  #hg  ,let u      
return to ! tragic nuptials ( ! que54   
,"h x is evid5tly nature's wi%1 9 !     
int]e/s ( cross$ f]tilisation1 t ! union
 ( ! drone & ! que5-bee %\ld be possible
 only 9 ! op5 sky4 ,b h] desires bl5d   
network-fa%ion1 & h] mo/ valu$ laws h to
 pass ?r\gh ! me%es ( o!r laws1 :i*1 9  
_! turn1 ! mom5t aft]1 are compell$ to  
pass ?r\gh ! fir/4  ,9 ! sky %e has     
plant$ s _m dang]s--cold w9ds1          
/orm-curr5ts1 birds1 insects1 drops (   
wat]1 all ( :i* also obey inv9cible     
laws--t %e mu/ ( necessity arrange = ?is
 union to be z brief z possible4 ,x is  
s1 ?anks to ! />tl+ly sudd5 dea? ( !    
male4 ,"o embrace suffices2 ! re/ all   
enacts itself 9 ! v flanks ( ! bride4   
,%e desc5ds f ! azure heights & returns 
to ! hive1 trail+ beh9d h]1 l an        
oriflamme1 ! unfold$ entrails ( h] lov]4
 ,"s writ]s pret5d t ! bees manife/     

great joy at ?is return s big )         
promise--,bu*n]1 among o!rs1 giv+ a     
detail$ acc\nt ( x4 ,i h _m a "t la9 9  
wait = ! que5-bee's return1 & ,i confess
 t ,i h nev] notic$ any unusual emotion 
except 9 ! case ( a "y que5 :o _h gone  
=? at ! head ( a sw>m1 & repres5t$ !    
unique hope ( a newly f\nd$ & /ill empty
 city4 ,9 t in/ance ! work]s 7 all      
wildly excit$1 & ru%$ to meet h]4 ,b z a
 rule !y appe> to =get h]1 ev5 ?\gh !   
future ( _! city w (t5 be no less       
imp]ill$4 ,!y act ) consi/5t prud5ce 9  
all ?+s1 till ! mom5t :5 !y au?orise !  
massacre ( ! rival que5s4 ,t po9t rea*$1
 _! in/9ct halts2 & !re is1 z x 71 a gap
 9 _! =esight4--,!y appe> to be :olly   
indiff]5t4 ,!y raise _! heads2          
recognise1 probably1 ! murd]\s tok5s (  
impregnation2 b1 /ill mi/ru/ful1 manife/
 none ( ! gladness our expectation _h   
pictur$4 ,be+ positive 9 _! ways1 & sl[ 
at illusion1 !y probably ne$ fur!r pro(s
 be=e p]mitt+ !mselves to rejoice4 ,:y  
endeav\r to r5d] too logical1 or too    

human1 ! feel+s ( little creatures s    
diff]5t f ourselves8 ,nei!r among ! bees
 nor among any o!r animals t h a ray (  
our intellect1 d ?+s happ5 ) ! precision
 our books record4 ,too _m circum/ances 
rema9 unkn[n to u4 ,:y try to depict !  
bees z m p]fect ?an !y are1 by say+ t   
:i* is n8 ,^? :o w\ld deem !m m int]e/+ 
did !y resemble ourselves1 h n yet truly
 realis$ :at x is t %\ld awak5 ! int]e/ 
( a s9c]e m9d4 ,! aim ( ! obs]v] is n to
 surprise1 b to compreh5d2 & to po9t out
 ! gaps exi/+ 9 an intellect1 & ! signs 
( a c]ebral organisation diff]5t f our  
own1 is m curi\s by f> ?an ! relat+ (   
m]e m>vels conc]n+ x4  ,b ?is indiff]5ce
 is n %>$ by all2 & :5 ! brea?less que5 
has rea*$ ! alight+-bo>d1 "s gr\ps w =m 
& accompany h] into ! hive2 :]e ! sun1  
h]o ( e fe/ivity 9 :i* ! bees take "p1  
is ent]+ ) little timid /eps1 & ba?+ 9  
azure & %ad[ ! wax5 walls & curta9s (   
honey4 ,nor does ! new bride1 inde$1 %[ 
m conc]n ?an h] p1 !re be+ n room = _m  
emotions 9 h] n>r[1 b>b>\s1 practical   

bra94 ,%e has b "o ?\ght1 :i* is to rid 
h]self z quickly z possible ( !         
emb>rass+ s\v5irs h] consort has left   
h]1 :]eby h] movem5ts are hamp]$4 ,%e   
seats h]self on ! ?re%old1 & c>efully   
/rips (f ! useless organs1 t are borne  
f> away by ! work]s2 = ! male has giv5  
h] all he possess$1 & mu* m ?an %e      
requires4 ,%e reta9s only1 9 h]         
sp]ma!ca1 ! sem9al liquid :]e millions (
 g]ms are float+1 :i*1 until h] la/ day1
 w issue "o by "o1 z ! eggs pass by1 & 9
 ! obscurity ( h] body accompli% !      
my/]i\s union ( ! male & female elem5t1 
:5ce ! work]-bees are born4 ,?r\gh a    
curi\s inv]sion1 x is %e :o furni%es !  
male pr9ciple1 & ! drone :o provides !  
female4 ,two days aft] ! union %e lays  
h] fir/ eggs1 & h] p imm$iately surr\nd 
h] ) ! mo/ p>ticul> c>e4 ,f t mom5t1    
possess$ ( a dual sex1 hav+ )9 h] an    
inexhau/ible male1 %e beg9s h] v]itable 
life2 %e w nev] aga9 leave ! hive1      
unless to accompany a sw>m2 & h]        
fecundity w cease only at ! approa* (   

dea?4  #hh  ,prodigi\s nuptials ^!1 !   
mo/ fairylike t c be conceiv$1 azure &  
tragic1 rais$ high above life by !      
impetus ( desire2 imp]i%able & t]rible1 
unique & bewild]+1 solit>y & inf9ite4   
,an admirable ec/asy1 :]e9 dea? sup]v5+ 
9 all t our sph]e has ( mo/ limpid &    
lovelie/1 9 virg9al1 limitless space1   
/amps ! in/ant ( happ9ess 9 ! sublime   
transp>5ce ( ! great sky2 purify+ 9 t   
immaculate light ! some?+ ( wret*$ness t
 always hov]s ar\nd love1 r5d]+ ! kiss  
"o t c nev] be =gott52 &1 cont5t ?is "t 
) mod]ate ti!1 proce$+ h]self1 ) h&s t  
are almo/ mat]nal1 to introduce & unite1
 9 "o body1 = a long & insep>able       
future1 two little fragile lives4       
,pr(\nd tru? has n ?is poetry1 b        
possesses ano!r t we are less apt to    
grasp1 :i*1 h[ev]1 we %\ld end1 p]haps1 
by und]/&+ & lov+4 ,nature has n gone   
out ( h] way to provide ^! two          
abbreviat$ atoms1 z ,pascal w\ld call   
!m1 ) a respl5d5t m>riage1 or an ideal  
mom5t ( love4 ,h] conc]n1 z we h said1 0

 m]ely to improve ! race by means (     
cross$ f]tilisation4 ,to ensure ?is %e  
has contriv$ ! organ ( ! male 9 su* a   
fa%ion t he c make use ( x only 9 space4
 ,a prolong$ flight mu/ fir/ exp& 8 two 
great tra*eal sacs2 ^! enorm\s          
receptacles be+ gorg$ on air w ?r[ back 
! l[] "p ( ! abdom51 & p]mit ! exs]tion 
( ! organ4 ,!re we h ! :ole             
physiological secret--:i* w seem ord9>y 
en\gh to "s1 & almo/ vulg> to o!rs--(   
?is dazzl+ pursuit & ^! magnific5t      
nuptials4  #hi  ,b mu/ we always1 !n1 ! 
poet w wond]1 rejoice 9 regions t are   
l(ti] ?an ! tru?8  ,yes1 9 all ?+s1 at  
all times1 let u rejoice1 n 9 regions   
l(ti] ?an ! tru?1 = t 7 impossible1 b 9 
regions high] ?an ! little tru?s t our  
eye c seize4 ,%\ld a *ance1 a           
recollection1 an illusion1 a passion1--9
 a ^w1 %\ld any motive :atev] cause an  
object to reveal itself to u 9 a m      
beautiful light ?an to o!rs1 let t      
motive be fir/ ( all de> to u4 ,x may   
only be error1 p]haps2 b ?is error w n  

prev5t ! mom5t :]e9 ?is object appe>s ! 
mo/ admirable to u f be+ ! mom5t :]e9 we
 are likelie/ to p]ceive its real       
beauty4 ,! beauty we l5d x directs our  
att5tion to its v]itable beauty &       
gr&eur1 :i*1 d]iv$ z !y are f ! relation
 :]e9 e object mu/ ( necessity /& to    
g5]al1 et]nal1 =ces & laws1 might       
o!rwise escape obs]vation4 ,! faculty ( 
admir+ :i* an illusion may h creat$ )9 u
 w s]ve = ! tru? t mu/ come1 be x soon] 
or lat]4 ,x is ) ! words1 ! feel+s1 &   
ard\r creat$ by anci5t & imag9>y        
beauties1 t humanity welcomes today     
tru?s :i* p]haps w\ld h nev] be5 born1  
:i* might n h be5 able to f9d s         
propiti\s a home1 _h ^! sacrific$       
illusions n fir/ ( all dwelt 91 & k9dl$1
 ! he>t & ! reason :]e9to ^! tru?s %\ld 
desc5d4 ,happy ! eyes t ne$ no illusion 
to see t ! spectacle is great6 ,x is    
illusion t tea*es ! o!rs to look1 to    
admire1 & rejoice4 ,& look z high z !y  
w1 !y nev] c look too high4 ,tru? rises 
z !y draw ne>]2 !y draw ne>] :5 !y      

admire4 ,& :atev] ! heights may be :]eon
 !y rejoice1 ?is rejoic+ c nev] take    
place 9 ! void1 or above ! unkn[n &     
et]nal tru? t re/s ov] all ?+s l beauty 
9 susp5se4  #ij  ,does ?is mean t we    
%\ld atta* ourselves to falsehood1 to an
 unreal & factiti\s poetry1 & f9d our   
gladness !re9 = want ( any?+ bett]8 ,or 
t 9 ! example be=e u--9 itself no?+1 b  
we dwell on x because x /&s = a ?\s&    
o!rs1 z also = our entire attitude 9    
face ( div]s ord]s ( tru?s--t "h we %\ld
 ignore ! physiological explanation1 &  
reta9 & ta/e only ! emotions ( ?is      
nuptial flight1 :i* is yet1 & :atev] !  
cause1 "o ( ! mo/ lyrical1 mo/ beautiful
 acts ( t sudd5ly dis9t]e/$1 irresi/ible
 =ce :i* all liv+ creatures obey & are  
wont to call love8 ,t 7 too *ildi%2 nor 
is x possible1 ?anks to ! excell5t      
habits e loyal m9d has today acquir$4   
,! fact be+ inconte/able1 we mu/        
evid5tly admit t ! exs]tion ( ! organ is
 r5d]$ possible only by ! expansion ( ! 
tra*eal vesicles4 ,b if we1 cont5t ) ?is

 fact1 did n let our eyes roam beyond x2
 if we d$uc$ !refrom t e ?\ght t rises  
too high or w&]s too f> mu/ be (        
necessity wrong1 & t tru? mu/ be look$ =
 only 9 ! mat]ial details2 if we did n  
seek1 no matt] :]e1 9 unc]ta9ties (t5 f>
 great] ?an ! "o ?is little explanation 
has solv$1 9 ! /range my/]y ( cross$    
f]tilisation = in/ance1 or 9 ! p]petuity
 ( ! race & life1 or 9 ! s*eme ( nature2
 if we did n seek 9 ^! = some?+ beyond !
 curr5t explanation1 some?+ t %\ld      
prolong x1 & conduct u to ! beauty &    
gr&eur t repose 9 ! unkn[n1 ,i w\ld     
almo/ v5ture to ass]t t we %\ld pass our
 exi/5ce fur!r away f ! tru? ?an ^?1    
ev51 :o 9 ?is case wilfully %ut _! eyes 
to all save ! poetic & :olly imag9>y    
int]pretation ( ^! m>vell\s nuptials4   
,!y evid5tly misjudge ! =m & col\r ( !  
tru?1 b !y live 9 its atmosph]e & its   
influ5ce f> m ?an ! o!rs1 :o complac5tly
 believe t ! entire tru? lies captive )9
 _! two h&s4 ,= ! fir/ h made ample     
prep>ations to receive ! tru?1 h provid$

 mo/ hospitable lodg+ )9 !m2 & ev5 ?\gh 
_! eyes may n see x1 !y are eag]ly look+
 t[>ds ! beauty & gr&eur :]e its        
resid5ce surely mu/ be4  ,we "k no?+ (  
nature's aim1 :i* = u is ! tru? t       
dom9ates e o!r4 ,b = ! v love ( ?is     
tru?1 & to pres]ve 9 our s\l ! ard\r we 
ne$ = its se>*1 x behoves u to deem x   
great4 ,& if we %\ld f9d "o day t we h  
be5 on a wrong road1 t ?is aim is       
incoh]5t & petty1 we %all h discov]$ its
 pett9ess by means ( ! v zeal its       
presum$ gr&eur _h creat$ )9 u2 & ?is    
pett9ess once e/abli%$1 x w tea* u :at  
we h to d4 ,9 ! mean:ile x _c be unwise 
to devote to its se>* ! mo/ /r5u\s1 d>+ 
ef=ts ( our he>t & our reason4 ,& %\ld !
 la/ ^w ( all ?is be wret*$1 x w be no  
little a*ievem5t to h laid b>e ! inanity
 & ! pett9ess ( ! aim ( nature4  ,!re is
 no tru? = u yet1 a great physiologi/ ( 
our day rem>k$ to me once1 z ,i walk$ ) 
him 9 ! c\ntry2 !re is no tru? yet1 b   
!re are ev]y:]e ?ree v good semblances (
 tru?4 ,ea* man makes 8 own *oice1 or r1

 p]haps1 has x ?ru/ ^u him2 & ?is *oice1
 :e!r x be ?ru/ ^u him1 or :e!r1 z is   
(t5 ! case1 he h made x )\t due         
reflection1 ?is *oice1 to :i* he cl+s1 w
 det]m9e ! =m & ! conduct ( all t ent]s 
)9 him4 ,! fri5d :om we meet1 ! woman :o
 approa*es & smiles1 ! love t unlocks   
our he>t1 ! dea? or sorr[ t seals x1 !  
,septemb] sky above u1 ?is sup]b &      
delightful g>d51 :]e9 we see1 z 9       
,corneille's ',psy*e1' b[]s ( gre5]y    
re/+ on gild$ /atues1 & ! flocks graz+  
yond]1 ) _! %eph]d asleep1 & ! la/ h\ses
 ( ! village1 & ! sea betwe5 !          
trees1--all ^! are rais$ or degrad$ be=e
 !y ent] )9 u1 are adorn$ or despoil$1 9
 accordance ) ! little signal ?is *oice 
( ours makes to !m4 ,we mu/ le>n to     
select f among ^! semblances ( tru?4 ,i 
h sp5t my own life 9 eag] se>* = !      
small] tru?s1 ! physical causes2 & n[1  
at ! end ( my days1 ,i beg9 to *]i%1 n  
:at w\ld lead me f ^!1 b :at w\ld prec$e
 !m1 &1 above all1 :at w\ld some:at     
surpass !m4 ,we _h atta9$ ! summit ( a  

plateau 9 ! pays de ,caux1 9 ,norm&y1   
:i* is supple z an ,engli% p>k1 b       
natural & limitless4 ,x is "o ( ! r>e   
spots on ! globe :]e nature reveals     
h]self to u unfail+ly :olesome & gre54  
,a little fur!r to ! nor? ! c\ntry is   
?reat5$ ) b>r5ness1 a little fur!r to ! 
s\?1 x is fatigu$ & scor*$ by ! sun4 ,at
 ! end ( a pla9 t ran d[n to ! edge ( ! 
sea1 "s peasants 7 erect+ a /ack ( corn4
 ,look1 he said1 se5 f "h1 !y are       
beautiful4 ,!y are con/ruct+ t simple & 
yet s important ?+1 :i* is above all    
else ! happy & almo/ unv>y+ monum5t (   
human life tak+ root--a /ack ( corn4 ,! 
di/ance1 ! air ( ! ev5+1 weave _! joy\s 
cries into a k9d ( song )\t words1 :i*  
replies to ! noble song ( ! leaves z !y 
:isp] ov] our heads4 ,above !m ! sky is 
magnific5t2 & "o almo/ might fancy t    
b5efic5t spirits1 wav+ palm-trees (     
fire1 _h swept all ! light t[>ds ! /ack1
 to give ! work]s m "t4 ,& ! track ( !  
palms /ill rema9s 9 ! sky4 ,see ! humble
 *ur* by _! side1 ov]look+ & wat*+ !m1 9

 ! mid/ ( ! r\nd$ lime trees & ! grass (
 ! homely gravey>d1 t faces its native  
ocean4 ,!y are fitly erect+ _! monum5t (
 life und]nea? ! monum5ts ( _! dead1 :o 
made ! same ge/ures & /ill are ) !m4    
,take 9 ! :ole picture4 ,!re are no     
special1 *>act]i/ic features1 su* z we  
f9d 9 ,engl&1 ,prov5ce1 or ,holl&4 ,x is
 ! pres5tm5t1 l>ge & ord9>y en\gh to be 
symbolic1 ( a natural & happy life4     
,obs]ve h[ rhy?mic human exi/5ce becomes
 9 its useful mom5ts4 ,look at ! man :o 
is lead+ ! horses1 at t o!r :o ?r[s up !
 %eaves on 8 =k1 at ! wom5 b5d+ ov] !   
corn1 & ! *ildr5 at play4 444 ,!y h n   
displac$ a /one1 or remov$ a spadeful ( 
e>?1 to add to ! beauty ( ! sc5]y2 nor d
 !y take "o /ep1 plant a tree or a fl[]1
 t is n necess>y4 ,all t we see is m]ely
 ! involunt>y result ( ! ef=t t man puts
 =? to subsi/ = a mom5t 9 nature2 & yet 
^? among u ^: desire is only to create  
or imag9e spectacles ( peace1 deep      
?\ghtfulness1 or beatitude1 h be5 able  
to f9d no sc5e m p]fect ?an ?is1 :i*    

inde$ !y pa9t or describe :5ev] !y seek 
to pres5t u ) a picture ( beauty or     
happ9ess4 ,"h we h ! fir/ semblance1 :i*
 "s w call ! tru?4  #ib  ,let u draw    
ne>]4 ,c y di/+ui% ! song t bl5d$ s well
 ) ! :isp]+ ( ! leaves8 ,x is made up ( 
abuse & insult2 & :5 laught] bur/s =?1 x
 is due to an obsc5e rem>k "s man or    
woman has made1 to a je/ at ! exp5se ( !
 weak]1--( ! hun*back unable to lift 8  
load1 ! cripple !y h knock$ ov]1 or !   
idiot :om !y make _! butt4  ,i h /udi$  
^! p = _m ye>s4 ,we are 9 ,norm&y2 !    
soil is ri* & easily till$4 ,ar\nd ?is  
/ack ( corn !re is r m com=t ?an "o w\ld
 usually associate ) a sc5e ( ?is k9d4  
,! result is t mo/ ( ! m51 & _m ( !     
wom51 are alcoholic4 ,ano!r poison also1
 :i* ,i ne$ n "n1 corrodes ! race4 ,to  
t1 to ! alcohol1 are due ! *ildr5 :om y 
see !re3 ! dw>f1 ! "o ) ! h>e-lip1 !    
o!rs :o are knock-kne$1 scr(ul\s1       
imbecile4 ,all ( !m1 m5 & wom51 "y &    
old1 h ! ord9>y vices ( ! peasant4 ,!y  
are brutal1 suspici\s1 grasp+1 & envi\s2

 hypocrites1 li>s1 & sl&]]s2 incl9$ to  
petty1 illicit pr(its1 mean             
int]pretations1 & co>se flatt]y ( !     
/rong]4 ,necessity br+s !m toge!r1 &    
compels !m to help ea* o!r2 b ! secret  
wi% ( e individual is to h>m 8 neighb\r 
z soon z ?is c be done )\t dang] to     
himself4 ,! "o sub/antial pleasure ( !  
village is procur$ by ! sorr[s ( o!rs4  
,%\ld a great disa/] befall "o ( !m1 x w
 long be ! subject ( secret1 delight$   
comm5t among ! re/4 ,e man wat*es 8     
fell[1 is jeal\s ( him1 dete/s &        
despises him4 ,:ile !y are poor1 !y hate
 _! ma/]s ) a boil+ & p5t-up hatr$      
because ( ! h>%ness & av>ice ^! la/     
display2 %\ld !y 9 _! turn h s]vants1 !y
 pr(it by _! own exp]i5ce ( s]vitude to 
reveal a h>%ness & av>ice great] ev5 ?an
 t f :i* !y h suff]$4 ,i c\ld give y    
m9ute/ details ( ! meanness1 deceit1    
inju/ice1 tyranny1 & malice t und]lie   
?is picture ( e!real1 peaceful toil4 ,d 
n imag9e t ! sight ( ?is m>vell\s sky1 (
 ! sea :i* spreads out yond] beh9d !    

*ur* & pres5ts ano!r1 m s5sitive sky1   
fl[+ ov] ! e>? l a great mirror ( wisdom
 & consci\sness--d n imag9e t ei!r sea  
or sky is capable ( lift+ _! ?\ghts or  
wid5+ _! m9ds4 ,!y h nev] look$ at !m4  
,no?+ has p[] to influ5ce or move !m    
save ?ree or f\r circumscrib$ fe>s1 t ( 
hung]1 ( =ce1 ( op9ion & law1 & ! t]ror 
( hell :5 !y die4 ,to %[ :at !y are1 we 
%\ld h to consid] !m "o by "o4 ,see t   
tall fell[ !re on ! "r1 :o fl+s up su*  
mighty %eaves4 ,la/ summ] 8 fri5ds broke
 8 "r arm 9 "s tav]n r[4 ,i r$uc$ !     
fracture1 :i* 0 a bad & comp\nd "o4 ,i  
t5d$ him = a long "t1 & gave him !      
:]e)al to live till he %\ld be able to  
get back to "w4 ,he came to me e day4   
,he pr(it$ by ?is to spread ! report 9 !
 village t he _h discov]$ me 9 ! arms ( 
my si/]-9-law1 & t my "m drank4 ,he is n
 vici\s1 he be>s me no ill-w2 on !      
contr>y1 see :at a broad1 op5 smile     
spreads ov] 8 face z he sees me4 ,x 0 n 
social animosity t induc$ him to sl&]   
me4 ,! peasant values weal? f> too mu*  

to hate ! ri* man4 ,b ,i fancy my good  
corn-?r[] !re c\ld n und]/& my t5d+ him 
)\t any pr(it to myself4 ,he 0 satisfi$ 
t !re mu/ be "s und]h& s*eme1 & he      
decl9$ to be my dupe4 ,m ?an "o be=e    
him1 ri*] or poor]1 has act$ 9 simil>   
fa%ion1 if n worse4 ,x did n occur to   
him t he 0 ly+ :5 he spread ^? inv5tions
 abroad2 he m]ely obey$ a confus$ comm& 
( ! morality he saw ab\t him4 ,he yield$
 unconsci\sly1 aga9/ 8 w1 z x 71 to !   
all-p[]ful desire ( ! g5]al             
malevol5ce4444 ,b :y complete a picture 
) :i* all are famili> :o h sp5t "s ye>s 
9 ! c\ntry8 ,"h we h ! second semblance 
t "s w call ! real tru?4 ,x is ! tru? ( 
practical life4 ,x und\bt$ly is bas$ on 
! mo/ precise1 ! only1 facts t "o c     
obs]ve & te/4  #ic  ,let u sit on ^!    
%eaves1 he cont9u$1 & look aga94 ,let u 
reject n a s+le "o ( ! little facts t   
build up ! reality ( :i* ,i h spok54    
,let u p]mit !m to dep>t ( _! own accord
 into space4 ,!y cumb] ! =egr\nd1 & yet 
we _c b be aw>e ( ! exi/5ce beh9d !m ( a

 great & v curi\s =ce t su/a9s ! :ole4  
,does x only su/a9 & n raise8 ,^! m5 :om
 we see be=e u are at lea/ no long] !   
f]oci\s animals ( :om ,la ,bruy]e       
speaks1 ! wret*es :o talk$ 9 a k9d (    
in>ticulate voice1 & )drew at night to  
_! d5s1 :]e !y liv$ on black bread1     
wat]1 & roots4  ,! race1 y w tell me1 is
 nei!r z /rong nor z heal?y4 ,t may be2 
alcohol & ! o!r sc\rge are accid5ts t   
humanity has to surm\nt2 ordeals1 x may 
be1 by :i* c]ta9 ( our organs1 ^? ( !   
n]ves1 = in/ance1 may b5efit2 = we      
inv>iably f9d t life pr(its by ! ills t 
x ov]comes4 ,besides1 a m]e trifle t we 
may discov] to-morr[ may r5d] ^! poisons
 innocu\s4 ,^! m5 h ?\ghts & feel+s t ^?
 ( :om ,la ,bruy]e speaks _h n4 ,i pref]
 ! simple1 nak$ animal to ! odi\s       
half-animal1 ,i murmur$4 ,y are ?9k+ ( !
 fir/ semblance n[1 he repli$1 !        
semblance de> to ! poet1 t we saw be=e2 
let u n confuse x ) ! "o we are n[      
consid]+4 ,^! ?\ghts & feel+s are petty1
 if y w1 & vile2 b :at is petty & vile  

is /ill bett] ?an t :i* is n at all4 ,( 
^! ?\ghts & feel+s !y avail !mselves    
only to hurt ea* o!r1 & to p]si/ 9 _!   
pres5t m$iocrity2 b ?us does x (t5 happ5
 9 nature4 ,! gifts %e accords are      
employ$ = evil at fir/1 = ! r5d]+ worse 
:at %e _h app>5tly s\ght to improve2 b1 
f ?is evil1 a c]ta9 good w always result
 9 ! end4 ,besides1 ,i am by no means   
anxi\s to prove t !re has be5 progress1 
:i* may be a v small ?+ or a v great ?+1
 accord+ to ! place :5ce we reg>d x4 ,x 
is a va/ a*ievem5t1 ! sure/ ideal1      
p]haps1 to r5d] ! condition ( m5 a      
little less s]vile1 a little less       
pa9ful2 b let ! m9d deta* itself = an   
in/ant f mat]ial results1 & ! diff]5ce  
betwe5 ! man :o m>*es 9 ! van ( progress
 & ! o!r :o is bl9dly dragg$ at its tail
 ceases to be v consid]able4 ,among ^!  
"y ru/ics1 ^: m9d is haunt$ only by     
=mless ideas1 !re are _m :o h 9 !mselves
 ! possibility ( atta9+1 9 a %ort space 
( "t1 ! degree ( consci\sness t we bo?  
enjoy4 ,"o is (t5 /ruck by ! n>r[ness ( 

! divid+ l9e betwe5 :at we reg>d z !    
unconsci\sness ( ^! p & ! consci\sness t
 to u is ! highe/ ( all4  ,besides1 (   
:at is ?is consci\sness compos$1 :]e( we
 are s pr\d8 ,( f> m %ad[ ?an light1 (  
f> m acquir$ ignorance ?an k2 ( f> m ?+s
 ^: compreh5sion1 we are well aw>e1 mu/ 
ev] elude u1 ?an ( ?+s t we actually "k4
 ,& yet 9 ?is consci\sness lies all our 
dignity1 our mo/ v]itable greatness2 x  
is probably ! mo/ surpris+ ph5om5on ?is 
_w conta9s4 ,x is ?is :i* p]mits u to   
raise our head be=e ! unkn[n pr9ciple1 &
 say to x3 ',:at y are ,i "k n2 b !re is
 some?+ )9 me t already enfolds y4 ,y w 
de/roy me1 p]haps1 b if y\r object be n 
to con/ruct f my ru9s an organism bett] 
?an m9e1 y w prove y\rself inf]ior to   
:at ,i am2 & ! sil5ce t w foll[ ! dea? (
 ! race to :i* ,i belong w decl>e to y t
 y h be5 judg$4 ,& if y are n capable   
ev5 ( c>+ :e!r y be ju/ly judg$ or n1 ( 
:at value c y\r secret be8 ,x mu/ be    
/upid or hide\s4 ,*ance has enabl$ y to 
produce a creature t y y\rself lack$ !  

quality to produce4 ,x is =tunate = him 
t a contr>y *ance %\ld h p]mitt$ y to   
suppress him be=e he _h fa?om$ ! dep?s (
 y\r unconsci\sness2 m =tunate /ill t he
 does n survive ! inf9ite s]ies ( y\r   
awful exp]im5ts4 ,he _h no?+ to d 9 a _w
 :]e 8 intellect correspond$ to no      
et]nal intellect1 :]e 8 desire = ! bett]
 c\ld atta9 no actual good4'  ,once m1 =
 ! spectacle to absorb u1 !re is no ne$ 
( progress4 ,! enigma suffices2 & t     
enigma is z great1 & %9es z my/]i\sly1 9
 ! peasants z 9 ourselves4 ,z we trace  
life back to its all-p[]ful pr9ciple1 x 
confronts u on e side4 ,to ?is pr9ciple 
ea* succe$+ c5tury has giv5 a new "n4   
,"s ( ^! names 7 cle> & consol+4 ,x 0   
f\nd1 h[ev]1 t consolation & cle>ness 7 
alike illusory4 ,b :e!r we call x ,god1 
,provid5ce1 ,nature1 *ance1 life1       
fatality1 _s1 or matt]1 ! my/]y rema9s  
unalt]$2 & f ! exp]i5ce ( ?\s&s ( ye>s  
we h le>n$ no?+ m ?an to give x a va/]  
"n1 "o ne>] to ourselves1 m congru\s )  
our expectation1 ) ! un=ese54  ,t is !  

"n x be>s to-day1 :]e=e x has nev] seem$
 great]4 ,"h we h "o ( ! numb]less      
aspects ( ! ?ird semblance1 :i* also is 
tru?4     ,,vii -- ,,! ,,massacre ,,(   
,,! ,,males  #id  ,,if skies rema9 cle>1
 ! air w>m1 & poll5 & nect> ab\nd 9 !   
fl[]s1 ! work]s1 ?r\gh a k9d ( =getful  
indulg5ce1 or ov]-scrupul\s prud5ce     
p]haps1 w = a %ort "t long] endure !    
importunate1 disa/r\s pres5ce ( ! males4
 ,^! comport !mselves 9 ! hive z did    
,p5elope's suitors 9 ! h\se ( ,ulysses4 
,indelicate & wa/eful1 sleek & corpul5t1
 fully cont5t ) _! idle exi/5ce z       
honor>y lov]s1 !y fea/ & c>\se1 ?rong ! 
alleys1 ob/ruct ! passages1 & h9d] ! "w2
 jo/l+ & jo/l$1 fatu\sly pomp\s1 swell$ 
) fooli%1 good-natur$ contempt2 h>b\r+  
nev] a suspicion ( ! deep & calculat+   
scorn :]e) ! work]s reg>d !m1 ( !       
con/antly gr[+ hatr$ to :i* !y give     
rise1 or ( ! de/9y t awaits !m4 ,= _!   
pleasant slumb]s !y select ! snugge/    
corn]s ( ! hive2 !n1 ris+ c>elessly1 !y 
flock to ! op5 cells :]e ! honey smells 

sweete/1 & soil ) _! excrem5ts ! combs  
!y frequ5t4 ,! pati5t work]s1 _! eyes   
/eadily fix$ on ! future1 w sil5tly set 
?+s "r4 ,f noon till ?ree1 :5 ! purple  
c\ntry trembles 9 blissful lassitude    
b5ea? ! inv9cible gaze ( a ,july or     
,augu/ sun1 ! drones w appe> on !       
?re%old4 ,!y h a helmet made ( enorm\s  
black pe>ls1 two l(ty1 quiv]+ plumes1 a 
d\blet ( iridesc5t1 yell[i% velvet1 an  
h]oic tuft1 & a f\rfold mantle1         
transluc5t & rigid4 ,!y create a        
prodigi\s /ir1 bru% ! s5try aside1      
ov]turn ! clean]s1 & collide ) ! =ag]s z
 ^! return lad5 ) _! humble spoil4 ,!y h
 ! busy air1 ! extravagant1 contemptu\s 
gait1 ( indisp5sable gods :o %\ld be    
simultane\sly v5tur+ t[>ds "s de/9y     
unkn[n to ! vulg>4 ,"o by "o !y sail (f 
into space1 irresi/ible1 glori\s1 &     
tranquilly make = ! ne>e/ fl[]s1 :]e !y 
sleep till ! aft]noon fre%ness awake !m4
 ,!n1 ) ! same maje/ic pomp1 & /ill     
ov]fl[+ ) magnific5t s*emes1 !y return  
to ! hive1 g /raight to ! cells1 plunge 

_! head to ! neck 9 ! vats ( honey1 &   
fill !mselves tight z a drum to repair  
_! exhau/$ /r5g?2 :]eupon1 ) heavy /eps1
 !y g =? to meet ! good1 dreamless &    
c>eless slumb] t %all fold !m 9 its     
embrace till ! "t = ! next repa/4  #ie  
,b ! pati5ce ( ! bees is n equal to t ( 
m54 ,"o morn+ ! long-expect$ ^w ( comm& 
goes ?r\gh ! hive2 & ! peaceful work]s  
turn into judges & execution]s4 ,:5ce   
?is ^w issues1 we "k n2 x w\ld seem to  
emanate sudd5ly f ! cold1 delib]ate     
indignation ( ! work]s2 & no soon] has x
 be5 utt]$ ?an e he>t ?robs ) x1 inspir$
 ) ! g5ius ( ! unanim\s republic4 ,"o "p
 ( ! p r5\nce _! =ag+ duties to devote  
!mselves to ! "w ( ju/ice4 ,! great idle
 drones1 asleep 9 unconsci\s gr\ps on ! 
mellif]\s walls1 are rudely torn f _!   
slumb]s by an army ( wra?ful virg9s4 ,!y
 wake1 9 pi\s wond]2 !y _c believe _!   
eyes2 & _! a/oni%m5t /ruggles ?r\gh _!  
slo? z a moonbeam ?r\gh m>%y wat]4 ,!y  
/>e amaz$ly r\nd !m1 conv9c$ t !y mu/ be
 victims ( "s mi/ake2 & ! "m-idea ( _!  

life be+ fir/ to ass]t itself 9 _! dull 
bra91 !y take a /ep t[>ds ! vats ( honey
 to seek com=t !re4 ,b end$ = !m are !  
days ( ,may honey1 ! w9e-fl[] ( lime    
trees & fragrant ambrosia ( ?yme & sage1
 ( m>joram & :ite clov]4 ,:]e ! pa? once
 lay op5 to ! k9dly1 abundant res]voirs1
 t s invit+ly (f]$ _! wax5 & sug>y m\?s1
 !re /&s n[ a burn+-bu% all alive )     
poison\s1 bri/l+ /+s4 ,! atmosph]e ( !  
city is *ang$2 9 lieu ( ! fri5dly p]fume
 ( honey1 ! acrid od\r ( poison         
prevails2 ?\s&s ( t9y drops gli/5 at !  
end ( ! /+s1 & diffuse ranc\r & hatr$4  
,be=e ! bewild]$ p>asites are able to   
realise t ! happy laws ( ! city h       
crumbl$1 dragg+ d[n 9 mo/ inconceivable 
fa%ion _! own pl5tiful de/9y1 ea* "o is 
assail$ by ?ree or f\r envoys ( ju/ice2 
& ^! vigor\sly proce$ to cut (f 8 w+s1  
saw ?r\gh ! petiole t connects ! abdom5 
) ! ?orax1 amputate ! fev]i% ant5nae1 & 
seek an op5+ betwe5 ! r+s ( 8 cuirass   
?r\gh :i* to pass _! sword4 ,no def5ce  
is attempt$ by ! enorm\s1 b un>m$1      

creatures2 !y try to escape1 or oppose  
_! m]e bulk to ! bl[s t ra9 d[n ^u !m4  
,=c$ on to _! back1 ) _! rel5tless      
enemies cl++ dogg$ly to !m1 !y w use _! 
p[]ful claws to %ift !m f side to side2 
or1 turn+ on !mselves1 !y w drag ! :ole 
gr\p r\nd & r\nd 9 wild circles1 :i*    
exhau/ion soon br+s to an end4 ,&1 9 a v
 brief space1 _! appe>ance becomes s    
deplorable t pity1 nev] f> f ju/ice 9 ! 
dep?s ( our he>t1 quickly returns1 &    
w\ld seek =giv5ess1 ?\gh va9ly1 ( ! /]n 
work]s :o recognise only nature's h>% & 
pr(\nd laws4 ,! w+s ( ! wret*$ creatures
 are torn1 _! ant5nae bitt51 ! segm5ts (
 _! legs wr5*$ (f2 & _! magnific5t eyes1
 mirrors once ( ! exub]ant fl[]s1 fla%+ 
back ! blue light & ! innoc5t pride (   
summ]1 n[1 s(t5$ by suff]+1 reflect only
 ! angui% & di/ress ( _! end4 ,"s       
succumb to _! w\nds1 & are at once borne
 away to di/ant cemet]ies by two or ?ree
 ( _! execution]s4 ,o!rs1 ^: injuries   
are less1 succe$ 9 %elt]+ !mselves 9 "s 
corn]1 :]e !y lie1 all huddl$ toge!r1   

surr\nd$ by an inexorable gu>d1 until !y
 p]i% ( want4 ,_m w rea* ! door1 &      
escape into space dragg+ _! adv]s>ies ) 
!m2 b1 t[>ds ev5+1 impell$ by hung] &   
cold1 !y return 9 cr[ds to ! entrance ( 
! hive to beg = %elt]4 ,b !re !y enc\nt]
 ano!r pitiless gu>d4 ,! next morn+1    
be=e sett+ =? on _! j\rney1 ! work]s w  
cle> ! ?re%old1 /rewn ) ! corpses ( !   
useless giants2 & all recollection ( !  
idle race disappe> till ! foll[+ spr+4  
#if  ,9 v _m colonies ( ! api>y ?is     
massacre w (t5 take place on ! same day4
 ,! ri*e/1 be/-gov]n$ hive w give !     
signal2 to be foll[$1 "s days aft]1 by !
 little & less prosp]\s republics4 ,only
 ! poore/1 weake/ colonies--^? ^: "m is 
v old & almo/ /]ile--w pres]ve _! males 
till ! approa* ( w9t]1 s z n to ab&on ! 
hope ( procur+ ! impregnation ( ! virg9 
que5 !y await1 & :o may yet be born4    
,inevitable mis]y foll[s2 & all !       
tribe--"m1 p>asites1 work]s--collect 9 a
 hungry & closely int]tw9$ gr\p1 :o p]i%
 9 sil5ce be=e ! fir/ sn[s arrive1 9 !  

obscurity ( ! hive4  ,9 ! weal?y &      
popul\s cities "w is resum$ aft] !      
execution ( ! drones1--al?\gh ) dim9i%+ 
zeal1 = fl[]s are becom+ sc>ce4 ,! great
 fe/ivals1 ! great dramas1 are ov]4 ,!  
autumn honey1 h[ev]1 t %all complete !  
indisp5sable provisions1 is accumulat+  
)9 ! hospitable walls2 & ! la/ res]voirs
 are seal$ ) ! seal ( :ite1             
incorruptible wax4 ,build+ ceases1 bir?s
 dim9i%1 dea?s multiply2 ! nights l5g!n1
 & days gr[ %ort]4 ,ra9 & inclem5t w9ds1
 ! mi/s ( ! morn+1 ! ambu%es laid by a  
ha/5+ twilight1 c>ry (f hundr$s ( work]s
 :o nev] return2 & soon1 ov] ! :ole     
little p1 t are z eag] = sun%9e z !     
gras%opp]s ( ,attica1 !re hangs ! cold  
m5ace ( w9t]4  ,man has already tak5 8  
%>e ( ! h>ve/4 ,e good hive has pres5t$ 
him ) eighty or a hundr$ p\nds ( honey2 
! mo/ rem>kable w sometimes ev5 give two
 hundr$1 :i* repres5t an enorm\s expanse
 ( liquefi$ light1 imm5se fields ( fl[]s
 t h be5 visit$ daily "o or two ?\s&    
times4 ,he ?r[s a la/ glance ov] !      

colonies1 :i* are becom+ torpid4 ,f !   
ri*e/ he takes _! sup]flu\s weal? to    
di/ribute x among ^? :om mis=tune1      
unm]it$ always 9 ?is labori\s _w1 may h 
r5d]$ necessit\s4 ,he cov]s ! dwell+s1  
half closes ! doors1 removes ! useless  
frames1 & leaves ! bees to _! long w9t] 
sleep4 ,!y ga!r 9 ! c5tre ( ! hive1     
contract !mselves1 & cl+ to ! combs t   
conta9 ! fai?ful urns2 :5ce !re %all    
issue1 dur+ days ( fro/1 ! transmut$    
sub/ance ( summ]4 ,! que5 is 9 ! mid/ ( 
!m1 surr\nd$ by h] gu>d4 ,! fir/ r[ ( ! 
work]s atta* !mselves to ! seal$ cells2 
a second r[ cov] ! fir/1 a ?ird !       
second1 & s 9 succession to ! la/ r[ (  
all1 :i* =m ! envelope4 ,:5 ! bees ( ?is
 envelope feel ! cold /eal+ ov] !m1 !y  
re-ent] ! mass1 & o!rs take _! place4 ,!
 susp5d$ clu/] is l a sombre sph]e t !  
walls ( ! comb divide2 x rises          
imp]ceptibly & falls1 x advances or     
retires1 9 proportion z ! cells gr[     
empty to :i* x cl+s4 ,=1 contr>y to :at 
is g5]ally believ$1 ! w9t] life ( ! bee 

is n arre/$1 al?\gh x be slack5$4 ,by ! 
conc]t$ beat+ ( _! w+s--little si/]s t h
 surviv$ ! flames ( ! sun--:i* g quickly
 or sl[ly 9 accordance z ! temp]ature   
)\t may v>y1 !y ma9ta9 9 _! sph]e an    
unv>y+ w>m?1 equal to t ( a day 9 spr+4 
,?is secret spr+ comes f ! beautiful    
honey1 itself b a ray ( heat trans=m$1 t
 returns n[ to its fir/ condition4 ,x   
circulates 9 ! hive l g5]\s blood4 ,!   
bees at ! full cells pres5t x to _!     
neighb\rs1 :o pass x on 9 _! turn4 ,?us 
x goes f h& to h& & f m\? to m\?1 till x
 atta9 ! extremity ( ! gr\p 9 ^: ?\s&s (
 he>ts "o de/9y1 "o ?\ght1 is scatt]$ & 
unit$4 ,x /&s 9 lieu ( ! sun & ! fl[]s1 
till its eld] bro!r1 ! v]itable sun ( ! 
real1 great spr+1 pe]+ ?r\gh ! half-op5 
door1 glides 9 8 fir/ s(t5$ glances1    
:]e9 anemones & violets are com+ to life
 aga92 & g5tly awak5s ! work]s1 %[+ !m t
 ! sky once m is blue 9 ! _w1 & t !     
un9t]rupt$ circle t jo9s dea? to life   
has turn$ & begun afre%4     ,,viii --  
,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,! ,,race  #ig      

,,be=e clos+ ?is book--z we h clos$ !   
hive on ! torpid sil5ce ( w9t]--,i am   
anxi\s to meet ! objection inv>iably    
urg$ by ^? to :om we reveal ! a/\nd+    
indu/ry & policy ( ! bees4 ,yes1 !y w   
say1 t is all v wond]ful2 b !n1 x has   
nev] be5 o!rwise4 ,! bees h = ?\s&s (   
ye>s dwelt "u rem>kable laws1 b dur+ ^? 
?\s&s ( ye>s ! laws h n v>i$4 ,= ?\s&s (
 ye>s !y h con/ruct$ _! m>vell\s combs1 
:]eto we c add no?+1 :]efrom we c take  
no?+1--combs t unite 9 equal p]fection !
 sci5ce ( ! *emi/1 ! geometrician1 !    
ar*itect1 & ! eng9e]2 b on ! s>cophagi1 
on ,egyptian /ones & papyri1 we f9d     
draw+s ( combs t are id5tical 9 e       
p>ticul>4 ,"n a s+le fact t w %[ ! lea/ 
progress1 a s+le in/ance ( _! hav+      
contriv$ "s new feature or modifi$ _!   
habitual r\t9e1 & we w *e]fully yield1 &
 admit t !y n only possess an admirable 
in/9ct1 b h also an intellect wor?y to  
approa* t ( man1 wor?y to %>e 9 "o kn[s 
n :at high] de/9y ?an awaits unconsci\s 
& submissive matt]4  ,?is language is n 

ev5 conf9$ to ! pr(ane2 x is made use ( 
by entomologi/s ( ! rank ( ,kirby &     
,sp5ce1 9 ord] to d5y ! bees !          
possession ( intellect o!r ?an may      
vaguely /ir )9 ! n>r[ prison ( an       
extraord9>y b un*ang+ in/9ct4 ,%[ u1 !y 
say1 a s+le case :]e ! pressure ( ev5ts 
has inspir$ !m ) ! idea1 = in/ance1 (   
sub/itut+ clay or mort> = wax or        
propolis2 %[ u ?is1 & we w admit _!     
capacity = reason+4  ,?is argum5t1 t    
,romanes ref]s to z ! "q-begg+ argum5t1 
& t might also be t]m$ ! insatiable     
argum5t1 is exce$+ly dang]\s1 &1 if     
appli$ to man1 w\ld take u v f>4 ,exam9e
 x closely1 & y f9d t x emanates f ! m]e
 common-s5se1 :i* is (t5 s h>mful2 !    
common-s5se t repli$ to ,galileo3 ,! e>?
 does n turn1 = ,i c see ! sun move 9 ! 
sky1 rise 9 ! morn+ & s9k 9 ! ev5+2 &   
no?+ c prevail ov] ! te/imony ( my eyes4
 ,common-s5se makes an admirable1 &     
necess>y1 backgr\nd = ! m9d2 b unless x 
be wat*$ by a l(ty disquiet ev] ready to
 rem9d x1 :5 occasion dem&1 ( ! inf9ity 

( its ignorance1 x dw9dles into ! m]e   
r\t9e ( ! bas] side ( our intellect4 ,b 
! bees h !mselves answ]$ ! objection    
,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce advanc$4       
,sc>cely _h x be5 =mulat$ :5 ano!r      
naturali/1 ,&rew ,knight1 hav+ cov]$ !  
b>k ( "s diseas$ trees ) a k9d ( cem5t  
made ( turp5t9e & wax1 discov]$ t 8 bees
 7 entirely r5\nc+ ! collection (       
propolis1 & exclusively us+ ?is unkn[n  
matt]1 :i* !y _h quickly te/$ & adopt$1 
& f\nd 9 abundant quantities1 ready     
prep>$1 9 ! vic9ity ( _! dwell+4  ,&    
inde$1 "o-half ( ! sci5ce & practice (  
apiculture consi/s 9 giv+ free re9 to ! 
_s ( initiative possess$ by ! bees1 & 9 
provid+ _! ent]pris+ intellect )        
opportunities = v]itable discov]ies &   
v]itable inv5tions4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 to 
aid 9 ! re>+ ( ! l>vae & nymphs1 !      
bee-keep] w scatt] a c]ta9 quantity (   
fl\r close to ! hive :5 ! poll5 is sc>ce
 ( :i* ^! consume an enorm\s quantity4  
,9 a /ate ( nature1 9 ! he>t ( _! native
 =e/s 9 ! ,asiatic valleys1 :]e !y exi/$

 probably long be=e ! t]ti>y epo*1 !    
bees c evid5tly nev] h met ) a sub/ance 
( ?is k9d4 ,& yet1 if c>e be tak5 to    
bait "s ( !m ) x1 by plac+ !m on ! fl\r1
 !y w t\* x & te/ x1 !y w p]ceive t its 
prop]ties m or less resemble ^? possess$
 by ! du/ ( ! an!rs2 !y w spread ! news 
among _! si/]s1 & we %all soon f9d e    
=ag] ha/5+ to ?is unexpect$1            
incompreh5sible food1 :i*1 9 _! h]$it>y 
memory1 mu/ be insep>able f ! calyx (   
fl[]s :]e _! flight1 = s _m c5turies    
pa/1 has be5 sumptu\sly & voluptu\sly   
welcom$4  #ih  ,x is a little m ?an a   
hundr$ ye>s ago t ,hub]'s rese>*es gave 
! fir/ s]i\s impetus to our /udy ( !    
bees1 & reveal$ ! elem5t>y important    
tru?s t all[$ u to obs]ve !m ) fruitful 
result4 ,b>ely fifty ye>s h pass$ s9ce !
 f\ndation ( rational1 practical        
apiculture 0 r5d]$ possible by means ( !
 movable combs & frames devis$ by       
,dzi]zon & ,lang/ro?1 & ! hive ceas$ to 
be ! inviolable abode :]e9 all came to  
pass 9 a my/]y f :i* dea? alone /ripp$ !

 veil4 ,& la/ly1 less ?an fifty ye>s h  
elaps$ s9ce ! improvem5ts ( !           
microscope1 ( ! entomologi/'s           
laboratory1 reveal$ ! precise secret ( !
 pr9cipal organs ( ! work]s1 ( ! "m1 & !
 males4 ,ne$ we wond] if our k be z     
scanty z our exp]i5ce8 ,! bees h exi/$  
_m ?\s&s ( ye>s2 we h wat*$ !m = t5 or  
twelve lu/res4 ,& if x c\ld ev5 be prov$
 t no *ange has occurr$ 9 ! hive s9ce we
 fir/ op5$ x1 %\ld we h ! "r to conclude
 t no?+ _h *ang$ be=e our fir/ que/ion+ 
glance8 ,d we n "k t 9 ! evolution (    
species a c5tury is b z a drop ( ra9 t  
is caught 9 ! :irl ( ! riv]1 & t        
mill5>ies glide z swiftly ov] ! life (  
univ]sal matt] z s+le ye>s ov] ! hi/ory 
( a p8  #ii  ,b !re is no w>rant = !    
/atem5t t ! habits ( ! bees are un*ang$4
 ,if we exam9e !m ) an unbiass$ eye1 &  
)\t em]g+ f ! small area lit by our     
actual exp]i5ce1 we %all1 on ! contr>y1 
discov] m>k$ v>iations4 ,& :o %all tell 
h[ _m escape u8 ,7 an obs]v] ( a hundr$ 
& fifty times our height & ab\t sev5    

hundr$ & fifty ?\s& times our importance
 7^! be+ ! relations ( /ature & weight 9
 :i* we /& to ! humble honey-fly71 "o :o
 knew n our language1 & 0 end[$ ) s5ses 
totally diff]5t f our own2 7 su* an "o  
to h be5 /udy+ u1 he w\ld recognise     
c]ta9 curi\s mat]ial trans=mations 9 !  
c\rse ( ! la/ two ?irds ( ! c5tury1 b   
w\ld be totally unable to =m any        
conception ( our moral1 social1         
political1 economic or religi\s         
evolution4  ,! mo/ likely ( all !       
sci5tific hypo!ses w pres5tly p]mit u to
 connect our dome/ic bee ) ! great tribe
 ( ! ,api5s1 :i* embraces all wild bees1
 & :]e its ance/ors are probably to be  
f\nd4 ,we %all !n p]ceive physiological1
 social1 economic1 indu/rial1 &         
ar*itectural trans=mations m extraord9>y
 ?an ^? ( our human evolution4 ,b = !   
mom5t we w limit ourselves to our       
dome/ic bee prop]ly s call$4 ,( ^!      
sixte5 fairly di/9ct species are kn[n2  
b1 ess5tially1 :e!r we consid] ! ,apis  
,dorsata1 ! l>ge/ kn[n to u1 or ! ,apis 

,florea1 :i* is ! smalle/1 ! insect is  
always exactly ! same1 except = ! slight
 modifications induc$ by ! climate & by 
! conditions :]eto x has _h to con=m499 
99,! sci5tific classification ( !       
dome/ic bee is z foll[s3                
,class4444444 ,insecta      ,ord]4444444
 ,hym5opt]a      ,family444444 ,apidae  
,g5us4444444 ,apis      ,species44444   
,mellifica  ,! t]m ,mellifica is t ( !  
,l9naean classification4 ,x is n ( !    
happie/1 = all ! ,apidae1 ) ! exception 
( c]ta9 p>asites p]haps1 are produc]s ( 
honey4 ,scopoli uses ! t]m ,c]if]a 2    
,reaumur ,dome/ica 2 ,ge(froy ,greg>ia4 
,! ,apis ,ligu/ica1 ! ,italian bee1 is  
ano!r v>iety ( ! ,mellifica4  ,!        
diff]5ce betwe5 ^! v>i\s species is     
sc>cely great] ?an t betwe5 an          
,engli%man & a ,russian1 a ,japanese & a
 ,european4 ,9 ^! prelim9>y rem>ks1     
!re=e1 we w conf9e ourselves to :at     
actually lies )9 ! range ( our eyes1    
refus+ ! aid ( hypo!sis1 be ?is nev] s  
probable or s imp]i\s4 ,we %all m5tion  

no facts t are n susceptible ( imm$iate 
pro(2 & ( su* facts we w only rapidly   
ref] to "s ( ! m significant4  #ajj     
,let u consid] fir/ ( all ! mo/         
important & mo/ radical improvem5t1 "o t
 9 ! case ( man w\ld h call$ = prodigi\s
 lab\r3 ! ext]nal protection ( !        
community4  ,! bees d n1 l ourselves1   
dwell 9 t[ns free to ! sky1 & expos$ to 
! caprice ( ra9 & /orm1 b 9 cities      
entirely cov]$ ) a protect+ envelope4 ,9
 a /ate ( nature1 h[ev]1 9 an ideal     
climate1 ?is is n ! case4 ,if !y li/5$  
only to _! ess5tial in/9ct1 !y w\ld     
con/ruct _! combs 9 ! op5 air4 ,9 !     
,indies1 ! ,apis ,dorsata w n eag]ly    
seek holl[ trees1 or a hole 9 ! rocks4  
,! sw>m w hang f ! crook ( a bran*2 & ! 
comb w be l5g!n$1 ! que5 lay h] eggs1   
provisions be /or$1 ) no %elt] o!r ?an t
 :i* ! work]s' own bodies provide4 ,our 
,nor!rn bees h at times be5 kn[n to     
rev]t to ?is in/9ct1 "u ! deceptive     
influ5ce ( a too g5tle sky2 & sw>ms h   
be5 f\nd liv+ 9 ! he>t ( a bu%4 ,b ev5 9

 ! ,indies1 ! result ( ?is habit1 :i*   
w\ld seem innate1 is by no means        
fav\rable4 ,s consid]able a numb] ( !   
work]s are compell$ to rema9 on "o spot1
 occupi$ solely ) ! ma9t5ance ( ! heat  
requir$ by ^? :o are m\ld+ ! wax & re>+ 
! brood1 t ! ,apis ,dorsata1 hang+ ?us f
 ! bran*es1 w con/ruct b a s+le comb2   
:]eas if %e h ! lea/ %elt] %e w erect   
f\r or five1 or m1 & w proportionately  
increase ! prosp]ity & ! population ( ! 
colony4 ,& inde$ we f9d t all species ( 
bees exi/+ 9 cold & temp]ate regions h  
ab&on$ ?is primitive me?od4 ,!          
intellig5t initiative ( ! insect has    
evid5tly receiv$ ! sanction ( natural   
selection1 :i* has all[$ only ! mo/     
num]\s & be/ protect$ tribes to survive 
our w9t]s4 ,:at _h be5 m]ely an idea1   
!re=e1 & oppos$ to in/9ct1 has ?us by   
sl[ degrees become an in/9ctive habit4  
,b x is none ! less true t 9 =sak+ ! va/
 light ( nature t 0 s de> to !m & seek+ 
%elt] 9 ! obscure holl[ ( a tree or a   
cav]n1 ! bees h foll[$ :at at fir/ 0 an 

audaci\s idea1 bas$ on obs]vation1      
probably1 on exp]i5ce & reason+4 ,& ?is 
idea might be almo/ decl>$ to h be5 z   
important to ! de/9ies ( ! dome/ic bee z
 0 ! inv5tion ( fire to ! de/9ies ( man4
  #aja  ,?is great progress1 n ! less   
actual = be+ h]$it>y & anci5t1 0 foll[$ 
by an inf9ite v>iety ( details :i* prove
 t ! indu/ry1 & ev5 ! policy1 ( ! hive h
 n cry/allis$ into infrangible =mulae4  
,we h already m5tion$ ! intellig5t      
sub/itution ( fl\r = poll51 & ( an      
artificial cem5t = propolis4 ,we h se5 )
 :at skill ! bees are able to adapt to  
_! ne$s ! occasionally disconc]t+       
dwell+s into :i* !y are introduc$1 & !  
surpris+ adroitness :]e) !y turn combs (
 f\ndation-wax to good acc\nt4 ,!y      
display extraord9>y +5uity 9 _! mann] ( 
h&l+ ^! m>vell\s combs1 :i* are s       
/rangely useful1 & yet incomplete4 ,9   
po9t ( fact1 !y meet man half-way4 ,let 
u imag9e t we _h = c5turies pa/ be5     
erect+ cities1 n ) /ones1 bricks1 &     
lime1 b ) "s pliable sub/ance pa9fully  

secret$ by special organs ( our body4   
,"o day an all-p[]ful be+ places u 9 !  
mid/ ( a fabul\s city4 ,we recognise t x
 is made ( a sub/ance simil> to ! "o t  
we secrete1 b1 z reg>ds ! re/1 x is a   
dream1 :]e( :at is logical is s di/ort$1
 s r$uc$1 & z x 7 conc5trat$1 z to be m 
disconc]t+ almo/ ?an _h x be5 incoh]5t4 
,our habitual plan is !re2 9 fact1 we   
f9d ev]y?+ t we _h expect$2 b all has   
be5 put toge!r by "s antec$5t =ce t w\ld
 seem to h cru%$ x1 arre/$ x 9 ! m\ld1 &
 to h h9d]$ its completion4 ,! h\ses ^: 
height mu/ atta9 "s f\r or five y>ds are
 ! m]e/ protub]ances1 t our two h&s c   
cov]4 ,?\s&s ( walls are indicat$ by    
signs t h9t at once ( _! plan & mat]ial4
 ,else:]e !re are m>k$ deviations1 :i*  
mu/ be correct$2 gaps to be fill$ &     
h>moni\sly jo9$ to ! re/1 va/ surfaces t
 are un/able & w ne$ support4 ,!        
ent]prise is hopeful1 b full ( h>d%ip & 
dang]4 ,x w\ld seem to h be5 conceiv$ by
 "s sov]eign intellig5ce1 t 0 able to   
div9e mo/ ( our desires1 b has execut$  

!m clumsily1 be+ hamp]$ by its v        
va/ness4 ,we mu/ dis5tangle1 !re=e1 :at 
n[ is obscure1 we mu/ develop ! lea/    
int5tions ( ! sup]natural donor2 we mu/ 
build 9 a few days :at w\ld ord9>ily    
take u ye>s2 we mu/ r5\nce organic      
habits1 & fundam5tally alt] our me?ods (
 lab\r4 ,x is c]ta9 t all ! att5tion man
 c\ld devote w\ld n be excessive = !    
solution ( ! problems t w\ld arise1 or =
 ! turn+ to fulle/ acc\nt ! help ?us    
(f]$ by a magnific5t provid5ce4 ,yet t  
is1 m or less1 :at ! bees are do+ 9 our 
mod]n hives499       99,z we are n[     
conc]n$ ) ! con/ruction ( ! bee1      we
 may note1 9 pass+1 a /range peculi>ity 
( ! ,apis      ,florea4 ,c]ta9 walls (  
its cells = males are cyl9drical        
in/ead ( hexagonal4 ,app>5tly %e has n  
yet succe$$      9 pass+ f "o =m to !   
o!r1 & indef9itely      adopt+ ! bett]4 
#ajb  ,i h said t ev5 ! policy ( ! bees 
is probably subject to *ange4 ,?is po9t 
is ! obscure/ ( all1 & ! mo/ difficult  
to v]ify4 ,i %all n dwell on _! v>i\s   

me?ods ( treat+ ! que5s1 or ! laws z to 
sw>m+ t are peculi> to ! inhabitants ( e
 hive1 & app>5tly transmitt$ f g5]ation 
to g5]ation1 etc42 b by ! side ( ^!     
facts :i* are n suffici5tly e/abli%$ are
 o!rs s precise & unv>y+ z to prove t ! 
same degree ( political civilisation has
 n be5 atta9$ by all races ( ! dome/ic  
bee1 & t1 among "s ( !m1 ! public _s    
/ill is grop+ its way1 seek+ p]haps     
ano!r solution ( ! royal problem4 ,!    
,syrian bee1 = in/ance1 habitually re>s 
#abj que5s & (t5 m1 :]eas our ,apis     
,mellifica w re> t5 or twelve at mo/4   
,*e%ire tells ( a ,syrian hive1 9 no way
 abnormal1 :]e #abj dead que5-mo!rs 7   
f\nd1 & #ij liv+1 unmole/$ que5s4 ,?is  
may be ! po9t ( dep>ture1 or ! po9t (   
arrival1 ( a /range social evolution1   
:i* x w\ld be int]e/+ to /udy m         
?or\ghly4 ,we may add t z f> z ! re>+ ( 
que5s is conc]n$1 ! ,cyprian bee        
approximates to ! ,syrian4 ,& f9ally1   
!re is yet ano!r fact :i* e/abli%es /ill
 m cle>ly t ! cu/oms & prud5t           

organisation ( ! hive are n ! results ( 
a primitive impulse1 me*anically foll[$ 
?r\gh diff]5t ages & climates1 b t ! _s 
:i* gov]ns ! little republic is fully z 
capable ( tak+ note ( new conditions &  
turn+ ^! to ! be/ advantage1 z 9 times  
long pa/ x 0 capable ( meet+ ! dang]s t 
hemm$ x ar\nd4 ,transport our black bee 
to ,cali=nia or ,au/ralia1 & h] habits w
 completely alt]4 ,f9d+ t summ] is      
p]petual & fl[]s =ev] abundant1 %e w    
aft] "o or two ye>s be cont5t to live f 
day to day1 & ga!r suffici5t honey &    
poll5 = ! day's consumption2 &1 h]      
?\ghtful obs]vation ( ^! new features   
triumph+ ov] h]$it>y exp]i5ce1 %e w     
cease to make provision = ! w9t]499 ,9  
fact x becomes necess>y1 9 ord] to      
/imulate h] activity1 to deprive h]     
sy/ematically ( ! fruits ( h] lab\r4    
99,bu*n] cites an analog\s fact4 ,9 !   
,b>badoes1 ! bees      ^: hives are 9 ! 
mid/ ( ! ref9]ies1 :]e !y      f9d sug> 
9 abundance dur+ ! :ole ye>1 w entirely 
ab&on _! visits to ! fl[]s4  #ajc  ,s   

mu* = :at our own eyes c see4 ,x w be   
admitt$ t we h m5tion$ "s curi\s facts1 
:i* by no means support ! !ory t e      
intellig5ce is arre/$1 e future cle>ly  
def9$1 save only ! intellig5ce & future 
( man4  ,b if we *oose to accept = "o   
mom5t ! hypo!sis ( evolution1 !         
spectacle wid5s1 & its unc]ta91 gr&iose 
light soon atta9s our own de/9ies4      
,:oev] br+s c>eful att5tion to be> w    
sc>cely d5y1 ev5 ?\gh x be n evid5t1 !  
pres5ce 9 nature ( a w t t5ds to raise a
 portion ( matt] to a subtl] & p]haps   
bett] condition1 & to p5etrate its      
sub/ance little by little ) a my/]y-lad5
 fluid t we at fir/ t]m life1 !n in/9ct1
 & f9ally intellig5ce2 a w t1 = an end  
we "k n1 organises1 /r5g!ns1 &          
facilitates ! exi/5ce ( all t is4 ,!re c
 be no c]ta9ty1 & yet _m in/ances invite
 u to believe t1 7 an actual e/imate    
possible1 ! quantity ( matt] t has rais$
 itself f its beg9n+s w\ld be f\nd to be
 ev] increas+4 ,a fragile rem>k1 ,i     
admit1 b ! only "o we c make on ! hidd5 

=ce t leads u2 & x /&s = mu* 9 a _w :]e 
confid5ce 9 life1 until c]titude to !   
contr>y rea* u1 mu/ rema9 ! fir/ ( all  
our duties1 at times ev5 :5 life itself 
conveys no enc\rag+ cle>ness to u4  ,i  
"k all t may be urg$ aga9/ ! !ory (     
evolution4 ,9 its fav\r are num]\s pro(s
 & mo/ p[]ful argum5ts1 :i* yet d n c>ry
 irresi/ible conviction4 ,we mu/ bew>e (
 ab&on+ ourselves unres]v$ly to !       
prevail+ tru?s ( our "t4 ,a hundr$ ye>s 
h5ce1 _m *apt]s ( a book in/9ct to-day )
 ?is tru?1 w appe> z anci5t z !         
philosophical writ+s ( ! eighte5? c5tury
 seem to u n[1 full z !y are ( a too    
p]fect & non-exi/+ man1 or z s _m works 
( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ^: value is less5$ 
by _! conception ( a h>% & n>r[ god4    
,nev]!less1 :5 x is impossible to "k :at
 ! tru? ( a ?+ may be1 x is well to     
accept ! hypo!sis t appeals ! mo/       
urg5tly to ! reason ( m5 at ! p]iod :5  
we happ5 to h come into ! _w4 ,! *ances 
are t x w be false2 b s long z we       
believe x to be true x w s]ve a useful  

purpose by re/or+ our c\rage & /imulat+ 
rese>* 9 a new direction4 ,x might at ! 
fir/ glance seem wis]1 p]haps1 in/ead ( 
advanc+ ^! +5i\s suppositions1 simply to
 say ! pr(\nd tru?1 :i* is t we d n "k4 
,b ?is tru? c\ld only be helpful 7 x    
writt5 t we nev] %all "k4 ,9 ! mean:ile 
x w\ld induce a /ate ( /agnation )9 u m 
p]nici\s ?an ! mo/ vexati\s illusions4  
,we are s con/itut$ t no?+ takes u fur!r
 or leads u high] ?an ! leaps made by   
our errors4 ,9 po9t ( fact we owe !     
little we h le>n$ to hypo!ses t 7 always
 haz>d\s & (t5 absurd1 &1 z a g5]al     
rule1 less discreet ?an !y are to-day4  
,!y 7 unwise1 p]haps1 b !y kept alive ! 
ard\r = rese>*4 ,to ! travell]1 %iv]+ ) 
cold1 :o rea*es ! human ,ho/elry1 x     
matt]s little :e!r he by ^: side he     
seats himself1 he :o has gu>d$ ! he>?1  
be bl9d or v old4 ,s long z ! fire /ill 
burn t he has be5 wat*+1 he has done z  
mu* z ! be/ c\ld h done4 ,well = u if we
 c transmit ?is ard\r1 n z we receiv$ x1
 b add$ to by ourselves2 & no?+ w add to

 x m ?an ?is hypo!sis ( evolution1 :i*  
goads u to "q ) an ev] sev]] me?od & ev]
 increas+ zeal all t exi/s on ! e>?'s   
surface & 9 its entrails1 9 ! dep?s ( ! 
sea & expanse ( ! sky4 ,reject x1 & :at 
c we set up aga9/ x1 :at c we put 9 its 
place8 ,!re is b ! gr& confession (     
sci5tific ignorance1 aw>e ( its kn[+    
no?+--b ?is is habitually sluggi%1 &    
calculat$ to disc\rage ! curiosity m    
ne$ful to man ?an wisdom--or ! hypo!sis 
( ! fixity ( ! species & ( div9e        
creation1 :i* is less demon/rable ?an ! 
o!r1 bani%es = all "t ! liv+ elem5ts ( !
 problem1 & expla9s no?+4  #ajd  ,( wild
 bees approximately #dejj v>ieties are  
kn[n4 ,x ne$ sc>cely be said t we %all n
 g ?r\gh ! li/4 ,"s day1 p]haps1 a      
pr(\nd /udy1 & se>*+ exp]im5ts &        
obs]vations ( a k9d hi!rto unkn[n1 t    
w\ld dem& m ?an "o lifetime1 w ?r[ a    
decisive light ^u ! hi/ory ( ! bee's    
evolution4 ,all t we c d n[ is to ent]  
?is veil$ region ( supposition1 &1      
disc>d+ all positive /atem5t1 attempt to

 foll[ a tribe ( hym5opt]a 9 _! progress
 t[>ds a m intellig5t exi/5ce1 t[>ds a  
little m security & com=t1 lightly      
indicat+ ! sali5t features ( ?is        
asc5sion t is spread ov] _m ?\s&s (     
ye>s4 ,! tribe 9 "q is already kn[n to  
u2 x is t ( ! ,api5s1 ^: ess5tial       
*>act]i/ics are s di/9ct & well-m>k$ t  
"o is incl9$ to cr$it all its memb]s )  
"o common ance/or499       99,x is      
important t ! t]ms we %all successively 
employ1 adopt+ ! classification ( ,m4   
,emile ,blan*>d1--      ,,api5s1        
,,apidae & ,,apitae1--%\ld n be         
conf\nd$4 ,!      tribe ( ! ,api5s      
comprises all families ( bees4 ,!       
,apidae con/itute ! fir/ ( ^! families1 
& are      subdivid$ into ?ree gr\ps3 ! 
,meliponae1 ! ,apitae1 &      ! ,bombi  
7humble-bees74 ,&1 f9ally1 ! ,apitae    
include      all ! diff]5t v>ieties (   
our dome/ic bees4  ,! disciples ( ,d>w91
 ,h]mann ,mull] among o!rs1 consid] a   
little wild bee1 ! ,prosopis1 :i* is to 
be f\nd all ov] ! univ]se1 z ! actual   

repres5tative ( ! primitive bee :5ce all
 h issu$ t are kn[n to u to-day4  ,!    
un=tunate ,prosopis /&s m or less 9 !   
same relation to ! inhabitants ( our    
hives z ! cave-dwell]s to ! =tunate :o  
live 9 our great cities4 ,y w probably m
 ?an once h se5 h] flutt]+ ab\t ! bu%es1
 9 a des]t$ corn] ( y\r g>d51 )\t       
realis+ t y 7 c>elessly wat*+ ! v5]able 
ance/or to :om we probably owe mo/ ( our
 fl[]s & fruits 7= x is actually e/imat$
 t m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& v>ieties ( plants
 w\ld disappe> if ! bees did n visit !m7
 & possibly ev5 our civilisation1 = 9 ^!
 my/]ies all ?+s int]tw9e4 ,%e is nimble
 & attractive1 ! v>iety mo/ common 9    
,france be+ elegantly m>k$ ) :ite on a  
black backgr\nd4 ,b ?is elegance hides  
an inconceivable pov]ty4 ,%e leads a    
life ( />vation4 ,%e is almo/ nak$1     
:]eas h] si/]s are dad 9 a w>m &        
sumptu\s fleece4 ,%e has n1 l ! ,apidae1
 baskets to ga!r ! poll51 nor1 9 _!     
default1 ! tuft ( ! ,&r5ae1 nor ! v5tral
 bru% ( ! ,ga/rilegidae4 ,h] t9y claws  

mu/ labori\sly ga!r ! p[d] f ! calices1 
:i* p[d] %e ne$s mu/ swall[ 9 ord] to   
take x back to h] lair4 ,%e has no      
implem5ts o!r ?an h] tongue1 h] m\? & h]
 claws2 b h] tongue is too %ort1 h] legs
 are feeble1 & h] m&ibles )\t /r5g?4    
,unable to produce wax1 bore holes ?r\gh
 wood1 or dig 9 ! e>?1 %e contrives     
clumsy gall]ies 9 ! t5d] pi? ( dry      
b]ries2 erects a few awkw>d cells1 /ores
 ^! ) a little food = ! (fspr+ %e nev] w
 see2 & !n1 hav+ accompli%$ ?is poor    
task ( h]s1 t t5ds %e kn[s n :i!r & ( ^:
 aim we are no less ignorant1 %e goes (f
 & dies 9 a corn]1 z solit>ily z %e _h  
liv$4  ,we %all pass ov] _m int]m$i>y   
species1 :]e9 we may see ! gradual      
l5g!n+ ( ! tongue1 enabl+ m nect> to be 
extract$ f ! cups ( corollas1 & ! dawn+ 
=mation & subsequ5t developm5t ( !      
app>atus = collect+ poll51--hairs1      
tufts1 bru%es on ! tibia1 on ! t>sus1 & 
abdom51--z also claws & m&ibles becom+  
/rong]1 useful secretions be+ =m$1 & !  
g5ius t presides ov] ! con/ruction (    

dwell+s seek+ & f9d+ extraord9>y        
improvem5t 9 e direction4 ,su* a /udy   
w\ld ne$ a :ole volume4 ,i w m]ely      
outl9e a *apt] ( x1 less ?an a *apt]1 a 
page1 :i* %all %[ h[ ! hesitat+         
endeav\rs ( ! w to live & be happi]     
result 9 ! bir?1 developm5t1 &          
affirmation ( social intellig5ce4  ,we h
 se5 ! un=tunate ,prosopis sil5tly be>+ 
h] solit>y little de/9y 9 ! mid/ ( ?is  
va/ univ]se *>g$ ) t]rible =ces4 ,a     
c]ta9 numb] ( h] si/]s1 belong+ to      
species already m skilful & bett]       
suppli$ ) ut5sils1 su* z ! well-clad    
,colletes1 or ! m>vell\s cutt] (        
rose-leaves1 ! ,mega*ile ,c5tuncul>is1  
live 9 an isolation no less pr(\nd2 & if
 by *ance "s creature atta* itself to   
!m1 & %>e _! dwell+1 x w ei!r be an     
enemy1 or1 m (t51 a p>asite4  ,= ! _w ( 
bees is peopl$ ) phantoms /rang] ?an our
 own2 & _m a species w ?us h a k9d (    
my/]i\s & inactive d\ble1 exactly simil>
 to ! victim x has select$1 save only t 
its immemorial idl5ess has caus$ x to   

lose "o by "o its implem5ts ( lab\r1 & t
 x exi/s solely at ! exp5se ( ! work+   
type ( its race499       99,!           
humble-bees1 = in/ance1 h ! ,psi?yri z  
p>asites1 :ile ! ,/elites live on !     
,an?idia4 ,z      reg>ds ! frequ5t      
id5tity ( ! p>asite ) its      victim1  
,m4 ,j4 ,p]ez v ju/ly rem>ks 9 8 book ,!
      ,bees1 "o mu/ necess>ily admit t !
 two g5]a are      only diff]5t =ms ( ! 
same type1 & are unit$ to      ea* o!r  
by ! close/ aff9ity4 ,& to naturali/s :o
      believe 9 ! !ory ( evolution ?is  
relation%ip is n      purely ideal1 b   
real4 ,! p>asitic g5us mu/ be reg>d$    
z m]ely a bran* ( ! =ag+ g5us1 hav+ lo/ 
its      =ag+ organs because ( its      
adaptation to p>asitic      life4       
,among ! bees1 h[ev]1 :i* are some:at   
too arbitr>ily t]m$ ! solit>y ,apidae1 !
 social in/9ct already is sm\ld]+1 l a  
flame cru%$ b5ea? ! ov]:elm+ weight (   
matt] t /ifles all primitive life4 ,& "h
 & !re1 9 unexpect$ directions1 z ?\gh  
reconnoitr+1 ) timid & sometimes        

fanta/ic outbur/s1 x w succe$ 9 pi]c+ ! 
mass t oppresses x1 ! pyre t "s day %all
 fe$ its triumph4  ,if 9 ?is _w all ?+s 
be matt]1 ?is is surely its mo/         
immat]ial movem5t4 ,transition is call$ 
= f a prec>i\s1 egoti/ic & incomplete   
life to a life t %all be frat]nal1 a    
little m c]ta91 a little m happy4 ,! _s 
mu/ ideally unite t :i* 9 ! body is     
actually sep>ate2 ! individual mu/      
sacrifice himself = ! race1 & sub/itute 
= visible ?+s ! ?+s t _c be se54 ,ne$ we
 wond] t ! bees d n at ! fir/ glance    
realise :at we h n yet dis5tangl$1 we :o
 f9d ourselves at ! privileg$ spot :5ce 
in/9ct radiates f all sides into our    
consci\sness8 ,& x is curi\s too1 almo/ 
t\*+1 to see h[ ! new idea gropes its   
way1 at fir/1 9 ! d>kness t enfolds all 
?+s t come to life on ?is e>?4 ,x em]ges
 f matt]1 x is /ill q mat]ial4 ,x is    
cold1 hung]1 fe>1 trans=m$ into some?+ t
 z yet has no %ape4 ,x crawls vaguely   
ar\nd great dang]s1 ar\nd ! long nights1
 ! approa* ( w9t]1 ( an equivocal sleep 

:i* almo/ is dea?4444  #ajf  ,!         
,xylocopae are p[]ful bees :i* worm _!  
ne/ 9 dry wood4 ,_! life is solit>y     
always4 ,t[>ds ! end ( summ]1 h[ev]1 "s 
individuals ( a p>ticul> species1 !     
,xylocopa ,cyanesc5s1 may be f\nd huddl$
 toge!r 9 a %iv]+ gr\p1 on a /alk (     
asphodel1 to sp5d ! w9t] 9 common4      
,among ! ,xylocopae ?is t>dy frat]nity  
is exceptional1 b among ! ,c]at9ae1 :i* 
are ( _! ne>e/ k9dr$1 x has become a    
con/ant habit4 ,! idea is g]m9at+4 ,x   
halts imm$iately2 & hi!rto has n        
succe$$1 among ! ,xylocopae1 9 pass+    
beyond ?is fir/ obscure l9e ( love4     
,among o!r ,api5s1 ?is grop+ idea       
assumes o!r =ms4 ,! ,*alicodomae ( !    
out-h\ses1 :i* are build+-bees1 !       
,dasypodae & ,halicti1 :i* dig holes 9 !
 e>?1 unite 9 l>ge colonies to con/ruct 
_! ne/s4 ,b x is an illusory cr[d       
compos$ ( solit>y units1 t possess no   
mutual und]/&+1 & d n act 9 common4 ,ea*
 "o is pr(\ndly isolat$ 9 ! mid/ ( !    
multitude1 & builds a dwell+ = itself   

alone1 he$less ( its neighb\r4 ,!y are1 
,m4 ,p]ez rem>ks1 a m]e congregation (  
individuals1 br\ght toge!r by simil>    
ta/es & habits1 b obs]v+ scrupul\sly !  
maxim ( ea* "o = itself2 9 fact1 a m]e  
mob ( work]s1 resembl+ ! sw>m ( a hive  
only z reg>ds _! numb] & zeal4 ,su*     
assemblies m]ely result f a great numb] 
( individuals inhabit+ ! same locality4 
,b :5 we come to ! ,panurgi1 :i* are    
c\s9s ( ! ,dasypodae1 a little ray (    
light sudd5ly reveals ! bir? ( a new    
s5tim5t 9 ?is =tuit\s cr[d4 ,!y collect 
9 ! same way z ! o!rs1 & ea* "o digs its
 own subt]ranean *amb]s2 b ! entrance is
 common to all1 z also ! gall]y :i*     
leads f ! surface ( ! gr\nd to ! diff]5t
 cells4 ,& ?us1 ,m4 ,p]ez adds1 z f> z !
 "w ( ! cells is conc]n$1 ea* bee acts z
 ?\gh %e 7 alone2 b all make equal use (
 ! gall]y t conducts to ! cells1 s t !  
multitude pr(it by ! lab\rs ( an        
individual1 & are sp>$ ! "t & tr\ble    
requir$ = ! con/ruction ( sep>ate       
gall]ies4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to discov] 

:e!r ?is prelim9>y "w be n execut$ 9    
common1 by relays ( females1 reliev+ ea*
 o!r 9 turn4  ,h[ev] ?is may be1 !      
frat]nal idea has pi]c$ ! wall t divid$ 
two worlds4 ,x is no long] wild &       
unrecognisable1 wre/$ f in/9ct by cold &
 hung]1 or by ! fe> ( dea?2 x is prompt$
 by active life4 ,b x halts once m2 & 9 
?is in/ance arrives no fur!r4 ,no matt]1
 x does n lose c\rage2 x w seek o!r     
*annels4 ,x ent]s ! humble-bee1 &1      
matur+ !re1 becomes embodi$ 9 a diff]5t 
atmosph]e1 & works its fir/ decisive    
miracles4  ,! humble-bees1 ! great      
hairy1 noisy creatures t all ( u "k s   
well1 s h>mless = all _! app>5t         
fi]c5ess1 lead a solit>y life at fir/4  
,at ! beg9n+ ( ,m>* ! impregnat$ female 
:o has surviv$ ! w9t] />ts to con/ruct  
h] ne/1 ei!r und]gr\nd or 9 a bu%1      
accord+ to ! species to :i* %e belongs4 
,%e is alone 9 ! _w1 9 ! mid/ ( awak5+  
spr+4 ,%e *ooses a spot1 cle>s x1 digs x
 & c>pets x4 ,!n %e erects h] some:at   
%apeless wax5 cells1 /ores ^! ) honey & 

poll51 lays & hat*es ! eggs1 t5ds &     
n\ri%es ! l>vae t spr+ to life1 & soon  
is surr\nd$ by a troop ( daught]s :o aid
 h] 9 all h] lab\rs1 )9 ! ne/ & )\t1    
:ile "s ( !m soon beg9 to lay 9 _! turn4
 ,! con/ruction ( ! cells improves2 !   
colony gr[s1 ! com=t increases4 ,!      
f\ndress is /ill its s\l1 its pr9cipal  
"m1 & f9ds h]self n[ at ! head ( a k+dom
 :i* might be ! model ( t ( our         
honeybee4 ,b ! model is /ill 9 ! r\gh4  
,! prosp]ity ( ! humble-bees nev] exce$s
 a c]ta9 limit1 _! laws are ill-def9$ & 
ill-obey$1 primitive cannibalism &      
infanticide reappe> at int]vals1 !      
ar*itecture is %apeless & entails mu*   
wa/e ( mat]ial2 b ! c>d9al diff]5ce     
betwe5 ! two cities is t ! "o is        
p]man5t1 & ! o!r ephem]al4 ,=1 inde$1 t 
( ! humble-bee w p]i% 9 ! autumn2 its   
?ree or f\r hundr$ inhabitants w die1   
leav+ no trace ( _! passage or _!       
endeav\rs2 & b a s+le female w survive1 
:o1 ! next spr+1 9 ! same solitude &    
pov]ty z h] "m be=e h]1 w recomm5ce !   

same useless "w4 ,! idea1 h[ev]1 has n[ 
gr[n aw>e ( its /r5g?4 ,among !         
humble-bees x goes no fur!r ?an we h    
/at$1 b1 fai?ful to its habits & pursu+ 
its usual r\t9e1 x w imm$iately und]go a
 sort ( unwe>y+ metempsy*osis1 &        
re-inc>nate itself1 trembl+ ) its la/   
triumph1 r5d]$ all-p[]ful n[ & ne>ly    
p]fect1 9 ano!r gr\p1 ! la/ b "o ( !    
race1 t :i* imm$iately prec$es our      
dome/ic bee :]e9 x atta9s its cr[n2 !   
gr\p ( ! ,meliponitae1 :i* comprises !  
tropical ,meliponae & ,trigonae4  #ajh  
,"h ! organisation is z complete z 9 our
 hives4 ,!re is an unique "m1 !re are   
/]ile work]s & males4 ,c]ta9 details ev5
 seem bett] devis$4 ,! males1 = in/ance1
 are n :olly idle2 !y secrete wax4 ,!   
entrance to ! hive is m c>efully gu>d$2 
x has a door t c be clos$ :5 nights are 
cold1 & :5 ^! are w>m a k9d ( curta9 w  
admit ! air4  ,b ! republic is less     
/rong1 g5]al life less assur$1 prosp]ity
 m limit$1 ?an ) our bees2 & :]ev] ^!   
are introduc$1 ! ,meliponitae t5d to    

disappe> be=e !m4 ,9 bo? races !        
frat]nal idea has und]gone equal &      
magnific5t developm5t1 save 9 "o po9t   
alone1 :]e9 x a*ieves no fur!r advance  
among ! ,meliponitae ?an among ! limit$ 
(fspr+ ( ! humble-bees4 ,9 ! me*anical  
organisation ( di/ribut$ lab\r1 9 !     
precise economy ( ef=t2 briefly1 9 !    
ar*itecture ( ! city1 !y display manife/
 inf]iority4 ,z to ?is ,i ne$ only ref] 
to :at ,i said 9 section #db ( ?is book1
 :ile add+ t1 :]eas 9 ! hives ( our     
,apitae all ! cells are equally         
available = ! re>+ ( ! brood & ! /orage 
( provisions1 & endure z long z ! city  
itself1 !y s]ve only "o ( ^! purposes   
among ! ,meliponitae1 & ! cells employ$ 
z cradles = ! nymphs are de/roy$ aft] ^!
 h be5 hat*$499       99,x is n c]ta9 t 
! pr9ciple ( unique royalty1 or         
mat]nity1 is /rictly obs]v$ among !     
,meliponitae4      ,blan*>d rem>ks v    
ju/ly1 t z !y possess no /+      & are  
consequ5tly less readily able ?an !     
mo!rs (      our own bees to kill ea*   

o!r1 sev]al que5s w      probably live  
toge!r 9 ! same hive4 ,b c]ta9ty on     
?is po9t has hi!rto be5 unatta9able ow+ 
to ! great      resemblance t exi/s     
betwe5 que5s & work]s1 z also      to ! 
impossibility ( re>+ ! ,meliponitae 9   
our      climate4  ,x is 9 our dome/ic  
bees1 !re=e1 t ! idea1 ( ^: movem5ts we 
h giv5 a cursory & incomplete picture1  
atta9s its mo/ p]fect =m4 ,are ^!       
movem5ts def9itely1 & = all "t1 arre/$ 9
 ea* "o ( ^! species1 & does !          
connect+-l9e exi/ 9 our imag9ation      
alone8 ,let u n be too eag] to e/abli% a
 sy/em 9 ?is ill-explor$ region4 ,let   
our conclusions be only provisional1 &  
pref]5tially su* z convey ! utmo/ hope1 
=1 7 a *oice =c$ ^u u1 occasional gleams
 w\ld appe> to decl>e t ! inf]5ces we   
are mo/ desir\s to draw w prove to be   
true/4 ,besides1 let u n =get t our     
ignorance /ill is pr(\nd4 ,we are only  
le>n+ to op5 our eyes4 ,a ?\s& exp]im5ts
 t c\ld be made h z yet n ev5 be5 tri$4 
,if ! ,prosopes1 = in/ance1 7 imprison$1

 & =c$ to cohabit ) _! k9d1 w\ld !y1 9  
c\rse ( "t1 ov]/ep ! iron b>ri] ( total 
solitude1 & be satisfi$ to live ! common
 life ( ! ,dasypodae1 or to put =? !    
frat]nal ef=t ( ! ,panurgi8 ,& if we    
impos$ abnormal conditions ^u !         
,panurgi1 w\ld ^!1 9 _! turn1 progress f
 a g5]al corridor to g5]al cells8 ,if ! 
mo!rs ( ! humble-bees 7 compell$ to     
hib]nate toge!r1 w\ld !y arrive at a    
mutual und]/&+1 a mutual division (     
lab\r8 ,h combs ( f\ndation-wax be5 (f]$
 to ! ,meliponitae8 ,w\ld !y accept !m1 
w\ld !y make use ( !m1 w\ld !y con=m _! 
habits to ?is unwont$ ar*itecture8      
,que/ions1 ^!1 t we put to ,v t9y       
creatures2 & yet !y conta9 ! great ^w ( 
our greate/ secrets4 ,we _c answ] !m1 = 
our exp]i5ce dates b f ye/]day4 ,/>t+ ) 
,reaumur1 ab\t a hundr$ & fifty ye>s h  
elaps$ s9ce ! habits ( wild bees fir/   
receiv$ att5tion4 ,reaumur 0 acqua9t$ ) 
only a few ( !m2 we h s9ce !n obs]v$ a  
few m2 b hundr$s1 ?\s&s p]haps1 h hi!rto
 be5 notic$ only by ha/y & ignorant     

travell]s4 ,! habits ( ^? t are kn[n to 
u h und]gone no *ange s9ce ! au?or ( !  
,memoirs publi%$ 8 valuable "w2 & !     
humble-bees1 all p[d]$ ) gold1 & vibrant
 z ! sun's delectable murmur1 t 9 ! ye> 
#agcj gorg$ !mselves ) honey 9 ! g>d5s (
 ,*>5ton1 7 absolutely id5tical ) ^? t  
to-morr[1 :5 ,april returns1 w be humm+ 
9 ! woods ( ,v9c5nes1 b a few y>ds away4
 ,f ,reaumur's day to our own1 h[ev]1 is
 b z ! tw9kl+ ( an eye2 & _m lives ( m51
 plac$ end to end1 =m b a second 9 !    
hi/ory ( ,nature's ?\ght4  #aji  ,al?\gh
 ! idea t our eyes h foll[$ atta9s its  
supreme expression 9 our dome/ic bees1 x
 mu/ n be inf]r$ !refrom t ! hive       
reveals no faults4 ,!re is "o ma/]piece1
 ! hexagonal cell1 t t\*es absolute     
p]fection1--a p]fection t all ! g5iuses 
9 ! _w1 7 !y to meet 9 conclave1 c\ld 9 
no way enhance4 ,no liv+ creature1 n ev5
 man1 has a*iev$1 9 ! c5tre ( 8 sph]e1  
:at ! bee has a*iev$ 9 h] own2 & 7 "s "o
 f ano!r _w to desc5d & ask ( ! e>? !   
mo/ p]fect creation ( ! logic ( life1 we

 %\ld ne$s h to (f] ! humble comb (     
honey4  ,b ! level ( ?is p]fection is n 
ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t4 ,we h already dealt ) a
 few faults & %ortcom+s1 evid5t         
sometimes & sometimes my/]i\s1 su* z !  
ru9\s sup]abundance & idl5ess ( ! males1
 p>!nog5esis1 ! p]ils ( ! nuptial       
flight1 excessive sw>m+1 ! abs5ce (     
pity1 & ! almo/ mon/r\s sacrifice ( !   
individual to society4 ,to ^! mu/ be    
add$ a /range incl9ation to /ore enorm\s
 masses ( poll51 f> 9 excess ( _! ne$s2 
= ! poll51 soon turn+ rancid1 & h>d5+1  
encumb]s ! surface ( ! comb2 & fur!r1 ! 
long /]ile int]regnum betwe5 ! date ( ! 
fir/ sw>m & ! impregnation ( ! second   
que51 etc41 etc4  ,( ^! faults ! grave/1
 ! only "o :i* 9 our climates is        
inv>iably fatal1 is ! repeat$ sw>m+4 ,b 
"h we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! natural         
selection ( ! dome/ic bee has = ?\s&s ( 
ye>s be5 ?w>t$ by man4 ,f ! ,egyptian ( 
! "t ( ,ph>aoh to ! peasant ( our own   
day1 ! bee-keep] has always act$ 9      
opposition to ! desires & advantages ( !

 race4 ,! mo/ prosp]\s hives are ^? :i* 
?r[ only "o sw>m aft] ! beg9n+ ( summ]4 
,!y h fulfill$ _! mat]nal duties1 assur$
 ! ma9t5ance ( ! /ock & ! necess>y      
r5ewal ( que5s2 !y h gu>ante$ ! future (
 ! sw>m1 :i*1 be+ precoci\s & ample 9   
numb]s1 has "t to erect solid &         
well-/or$ dwell+s be=e ! arrival (      
autumn4 ,if left to !mselves1 x is cle> 
t ^! hives & _! (f%oots w\ld h be5 !    
only ones to survive ! rig\rs ( w9t]1   
:i* w\ld almo/ inv>iably h de/roy$      
colonies animat$ by diff]5t in/9cts2 & !
 law ( re/rict$ sw>m+ w\ld !re=e by sl[ 
degrees h e/abli%$ itself 9 our nor!rn  
races4 ,b x is precisely ^! prud5t1     
opul5t1 acclimatis$ hives t man has     
always de/roy$ 9 ord] to possess himself
 ( _! treasure4 ,he has p]mitt$ only--he
 does s to ?is day 9 ord9>y practice--! 
feeble/ colonies to survive2 deg5]ate   
/ock1 second>y or t]ti>y sw>ms1 :i* h j 
b>ely suffici5t food to subsi/ ?r\gh !  
w9t]1 or ^: mis]able /ore he w supplem5t
 p]haps ) a few dropp+s ( honey4 ,!     

result is1 probably1 t ! race has gr[n  
feebl]1 t ! t5d5cy to excessive sw>m+   
has be5 h]$it>ily develop$1 & t to-day  
almo/ all our bees1 p>ticul>ly ! black  
ones1 sw>m too (t54 ,= "s ye>s n[ ! new 
me?ods ( movable apiculture h gone "s   
way t[>ds correct+ ?is dang]\s habit2 & 
:5 we reflect h[ rapidly artificial     
selection acts on mo/ ( our dome/ic     
animals1 su* z ox51 dogs1 pigeons1 %eep 
& horses1 x is p]missible to believe t  
we %all be=e long h a race ( bees t w   
entirely r5\nce natural sw>m+ & devote  
all _! activity to ! collection ( honey 
& poll54  #aaj  ,b = ! o!r faults3 might
 n an intellig5ce t possess$ a cle>]    
consci\sness ( ! aim ( common life      
emancipate itself f !m8 ,mu* might be   
said conc]n+ ^! faults1 :i* emanate n[ f
 :at is unkn[n to u 9 ! hive1 n[ f sw>m+
 & its resultant errors1 = :i* we are   
p>tly to blame4 ,b let e man judge =    
himself1 &1 hav+ se5 :at has gone be=e1 
let him grant or d5y intellig5ce to !   
bees1 z he may ?9k prop]4 ,i am n eag]  

to def5d !m4 ,x seems to me t 9 _m      
circum/ances !y give pro( ( und]/&+1 b  
my curiosity w\ld n be less 7 all t !y d
 done bl9dly4 ,x is int]e/+ to wat* a   
bra9 possess$ ( extraord9>y res\rces )9 
itself :]e) x may combat cold & hung]1  
dea?1 "t1 space1 & solitude1 all !      
enemies ( matt] t is spr++ to life2 b   
%\ld a creature succe$ 9 ma9ta9+ its    
little pr(\nd & complicat$ exi/5ce )\t  
ov]/epp+ ! b\nd>ies ( in/9ct1 )\t do+   
any?+ b :at is ord9>y1 t w\ld be v      
int]e/+ too1 & v extraord9>y4 ,re/ore ! 
ord9>y & ! m>vell\s to _! v]itable place
 9 ! bosom ( nature1 & _! values %ift2  
"o equals ! o!r4 ,we f9d t _! names are 
usurp$2 & t x is n !y1 b ! ?+s we _c    
und]/& or expla9 t %\ld arre/ our       
att5tion1 refre% our activity1 & give a 
new & ju/] =m to our ?\ghts & feel+s &  
words4 ,!re is wisdom 9 atta*+ oneself  
to n\ght beside4  #aaa  ,& fur!r1 our   
intellect is n ! prop] tribunal be=e :i*
 to summon ! bees1 & pass _! faults 9   
review4 ,d we n f9d1 among ourselves1 t 

consci\sness & intellect long w dwell 9 
! mid/ ( errors & faults )\t p]ceiv+ !m1
 long] /ill )\t effect+ a rem$y8 ,if a  
be+ exi/ :om 8 de/9y calls ^u mo/       
specially1 almo/ organically1 to live & 
to organise common life 9 accordance )  
pure reason1 t be+ is man4 ,& yet see   
:at he makes ( x1 comp>e ! mi/akes ( !  
hive ) ^? ( our own society4 ,h[ %\ld we
 m>vel1 = in/ance1 7 we bees obs]v+ m51 
z we not$ ! unju/1 illogical di/ribution
 ( "w among a race ( creatures t 9 o!r  
directions appe> to manife/ em95t       
reason6 ,we %\ld f9d ! e>?'s surface1   
unique s\rce ( all common life1         
insuffici5tly1 pa9fully cultivat$ by two
 or ?ree t5?s ( ! :ole population2 we   
%\ld f9d ano!r t5? absolutely idle1     
usurp+ ! l>g] %>e ( ! products ( ?is    
fir/ lab\r2 & ! rema9+ sev5-t5?s        
condemn$ to a life ( p]petual           
half-hung]1 ceaselessly exhau/+ !mselves
 9 /range & /]ile ef=ts :]eby !y nev]   
%all pr(it1 b only %all r5d] m complex &
 m inexplicable /ill ! life ( ! idle4   

,we %\ld conclude t ! reason & moral    
s5se ( ^! be+s mu/ belong to a _w       
entirely diff]5t f our own1 & t !y mu/  
obey pr9ciples hopelessly beyond our    
compreh5sion4 ,b let u c>ry ?is review (
 our faults no fur!r4 ,!y are always    
pres5t 9 our ?\ghts1 ?\gh _! pres5ce    
a*ieves b little4 ,f c5tury to c5tury   
only w "o ( !m = a mom5t %ake (f its    
slumb]1 & s5d =? a bewild]$ cry2 /ret* !
 a*+ arm t support$ its head1 %ift its  
position1 & !n lie d[n & fall asleep    
once m1 until a new pa91 born ( ! dre>y 
fatigue ( repose1 awak5 x afre%4  #aab  
,! evolution ( ! ,api5s1 or at lea/ ( ! 
,apitae1 be+ admitt$1 or reg>d$ z m     
probable ?an t !y %\ld h rema9$         
/ation>y1 let u n[ consid] ! g5]al1     
con/ant direction t ?is evolution takes4
 ,x seems to foll[ ! same roads z )     
ourselves4 ,x t5ds palpably to less5 !  
/ruggle1 insecurity1 & wret*$ness ( !   
race1 to augm5t au?ority & com=t1 &     
/imulate fav\rable *ances4 ,to ?is end x
 w unhesitat+ly sacrifice ! individual1 

be/[+ g5]al /r5g? & happ9ess 9 ex*ange =
 ! illusory & m\rnful indep5d5ce (      
solitude4 ,x is z ?\gh ,nature 7 ( !    
op9ion ) :i* ,?ucydides cr$its ,p]icles3
 viz41 t individuals are happi] 9 !     
bosom ( a prosp]\s city1 ev5 ?\gh !y    
suff] !mselves1 ?an :5 individually     
prosp]+ 9 ! mid/ ( a langui%+ /ate4 ,x  
protects ! h>dwork+ slave 9 ! p[]ful    
city1 :ile ^? :o h no duties1 ^:        
association is only prec>i\s1 are ab&on$
 to ! nameless1 =mless enemies :o dwell 
9 ! m9utes ( "t1 9 ! movem5ts ( !       
univ]se1 & 9 ! recesses ( space4 ,?is is
 n ! mom5t to discuss ! s*eme ( nature1 
or to ask ourselves :e!r x w\ld be well 
= man to foll[ x2 b x is c]ta9 t :]ev] !
 inf9ite mass all[s u to seize !        
appe>ance ( an idea1 ! appe>ance takes  
?is road :]e( we "k n ! end4 ,let x be  
en\gh t we note ! p]si/5t c>e ) :i*     
nature pres]ves1 & fixes 9 ! evolv+     
race1 all t has be5 won f ! ho/ile      
in]tia ( matt]4 ,%e records ea* happy   
ef=t1 & contrives we "k n :at special & 

b5evol5t laws to c\nt]act ! inevitable  
recoil4 ,?is progress1 ^: exi/5ce among 
! mo/ intellig5t species c sc>cely be   
d5i$1 has p]haps no aim beyond its      
initial impetus1 & kn[s n :i!r x goes4  
,b at lea/1 9 a _w :]e no?+ save a few  
facts ( ?is k9d indicates a precise w1 x
 is significant en\gh t we %\ld see     
c]ta9 creatures ris+ ?us1 sl[ly &       
cont9u\sly2 & %\ld ! bees h reveal$ to u
 only ?is my/]i\s spiral ( light 9 !    
ov]p[]+ d>kness1 t 7 en\gh to induce u n
 to regret ! "t we h giv5 to _! little  
ge/ures & humble habits1 :i* seem s f>  
away & are yet s ne>ly ak9 to our gr&   
passions & arrogant de/9ies4  #aac  ,x  
may be t ^! ?+s are all va92 & t our own
 spiral ( light1 no less ?an t ( ! bees1
 has be5 k9dl$ = no o!r purpose save t (
 amus+ ! d>kness4 ,s1 too1 is x possible
 t "s /up5d\s incid5t may sudd5ly surge 
f )\t1 f ano!r _w1 f a new ph5om5on1 &  
ei!r in=m ?is ef=t ) def9itive mean+1 or
 def9itively de/roy x4 ,b we mu/ proce$ 
on our way z ?\gh no?+ abnormal c\ld ev]

 befall u4 ,did we "k t to-morr[ "s     
revelation1 a message1 = in/ance1 f a m 
anci5t1 m lum9\s planet ?an ours1 7 to  
root up our nature1 to suppress ! laws1 
! passions1 & radical tru?s ( our be+1  
our wise/ plan /ill w\ld be to devote ! 
:ole ( to-day to ! /udy ( ^! passions1  
^! laws1 & ^! tru?s1 :i* mu/ bl5d &     
accord 9 our m9d2 & to rema9 fai?ful to 
! de/9y impos$ on u1 :i* is to subdue1 &
 to "s ext5t raise )9 & ar\nd u !       
obscure =ces ( life4  ,none ( ^!1       
p]haps1 w survive ! new revelation2 b ! 
s\l ( ^? :o %all up to ! end h fulfill$ 
! mission t is pre-em95tly ! mission (  
man1 mu/ inevitably be 9 ! front rank ( 
all to welcome ?is revelation2 & %\ld !y
 le>n !refrom t indiff]5ce1 or          
resignation to ! unkn[n1 is ! v]itable  
duty1 !y w be bett] equipp$ ?an ! o!rs =
 ! compreh5sion ( ?is f9al resignation &
 indiff]5ce1 bett] able to turn ^! to   
acc\nt4  #aad  ,b su* speculations may  
well be avoid$4 ,let n ! possibility (  
g5]al annihilation blur our p]ception ( 

! task be=e u2 above all1 let u n c\nt  
on ! miracul\s aid ( *ance4 ,hi!rto1 !  
promises ( our imag9ation not)/&+1 we h 
always be5 left to ourselves1 to our own
 res\rces4 ,x is to our humble/ ef=ts t 
e useful1 endur+ a*ievem5t ( ?is e>? is 
due4 ,x is op5 to u1 if we *oose1 to    
await ! bett] or worse t may foll[ "s   
ali5 accid5t1 b on condition t su*      
expectation %all n h9d] our human task4 
,"h aga9 d ! bees1 z ,nature always1    
provide a mo/ excell5t lesson4 ,9 ! hive
 !re has truly be5 prodigi\s int]v5tion4
 ,! bees are 9 ! h&s ( a p[] capable (  
annihilat+ or modify+ _! race1 (        
trans=m+ _! de/9ies2 ! bees' ?raldom is 
f> m def9ite ?an our own4 ,!re=e none ! 
less d !y p]=m _! pr(\nd & primitive    
duty4 ,&1 among !m1 x is precisely ^? ^:
 ob$i5ce to duty is mo/ complete :o are 
able mo/ fully to pr(it by ! sup]natural
 int]v5tion t to-day has rais$ ! de/9y (
 _! species4 ,& inde$1 to discov] !     
unconqu]able duty ( a be+ is less       
difficult ?an "o imag9es4 ,x is ev] to  

be read 9 ! di/+ui%+ organs1 :]eto !    
o!rs are all subord9ate4 ,& j z x is    
writt5 9 ! tongue1 ! /oma*1 & m\? ( !   
bee t x mu/ make honey1 s is x writt5 9 
our eyes1 our e>s1 our n]ves1 our m>r[1 
9 e lobe ( our head1 t we mu/ make      
c]ebral sub/ance2 nor is !re ne$ t we   
%\ld div9e ! purpose ?is sub/ance %all  
s]ve4 ,! bees "k n :e!r !y w eat ! honey
 !y h>ve/1 z we "k n :o x is %all reap !
 pr(it ( ! c]ebral sub/ance we %all h   
=m$1 or ( ! intellig5t fluid t issues   
!refrom & spreads ov] ! univ]se1 p]i%+  
:5 our life ceases or p]si/+ aft] our   
dea?4 ,z !y g f fl[] to fl[] collect+ m 
honey ?an !mselves & _! (fspr+ c ne$1   
let u g f reality to reality seek+ food 
= ! incompreh5sible flame1 & ?us1 c]ta9 
( hav+ fulfill$ our organic duty1 prep>+
 ourselves = :atev] befall4 ,let u n\ri%
 ?is flame on our feel+s & passions1 on 
all t we see & ?9k1 t we he> & t\*1 on  
its own ess5ce1 :i* is ! idea x d]ives f
 ! discov]ies1 exp]i5ce & obs]vation t  
result f its e movem5t4 ,a "t !n w come 

:5 all ?+s w turn s naturally to good 9 
a _s t has giv5 itself to ! loyal desire
 ( ?is simple human duty1 t ! v         
suspicion ( ! possible aimlessness ( its
 exhau/+ ef=t w only r5d] ! duty !      
cle>]1 w only add m purity1 p[]1        
dis9t]e/$ness1 & fre$om to ! ard\r :]e) 
x /ill seeks4     ,,app5dix   ,,to give 
a complete bibliography ( ! bee 7       
outside ! scope ( ?is book2 we %all be  
satisfi$1 !re=e1 m]ely to indicate ! m  
int]e/+ works3--  #a4 ,! ,hi/orical     
,developm5t ( ,api>ian ,sci5ce3  7a7 ,! 
anci5t writ]s3 ,ari/otle1 ,hi/ory (     
,animals 7,trans4 ,b>t4 ,/4 ,hilaire72  
,t4 ,v>ro1 ,de ,agricultura1 ,l4 ,,iii4 
xvi42 ,pl9y1 ,hi/4 ,nat41 ,l4 xi42      
,columella1 ,de ,re ,ru/ica2 ,palladius1
 ,de ,re ,ru/ica1 ,l4 ,i4 xxxvii41 etc4 
7b7 ,! mod]ns3 ,swamm]dam1 ,biblia      
,naturae1 #agcg2 ,m>aldi1 ,obs]vations  
sur les ,abeilles1 #agab2 ,reaumur1     
,memoires p\r s]vir a l',hi/oire des    
,insectes1 #agdj2 ,*4 ,bonnet1 ,o,euvres
 d',hi/oire ,naturelle1 #aggi-aghc2 ,a4 

,g4 ,s*ira*1 ,physikalis*e ,unt]su*ung  
d] bi%] unbekannt5 ab] na*h] entdeckt5  
,erzeugung d] ,bi55-mutt]1 #agfg2 ,j4   
,hunt]1 ,on ,bees 7,philosophical       
,transactions1 #agcb72 ,j4 ,a4 ,jans*a1 
,h9t]lass5e ,voll/&ige ,lehre von d]    
,bi55zu*t1 #aggc2 ,francois ,hub]1      
,n\velles ,obs]vations sur les          
,abeilles1 #agid1 etc4  #b4 ,practical  
,apiculture3  ,dzi]zon1 ,!orie und      
,praxis des neu5 ,bi55freundes2         
,lang/ro?1 ,! ,honeybee7translat$ into  
,fr5* by ,*4 ,dadant3 ,l',abeille et la 
,ru*e1 :i* corrects & completes !       
orig9al72 ,georges de ,lay5s & ,bonni]1 
,c\rs ,complet d',apiculture2 ,frank    
,*e%ire1 ,bees & ,bee-keep+ 7vol4       
ii4--,practical72 ,dr4 ,e4 ,bevan1 ,!   
,honey-bee2 ,t4 ,w4 ,c[an1 ,! ,briti%   
,bee-keep]'s ,guidebook2 ,a4 ,root1 ,!  
,a ,b ,c ( ,bee-,culture2 ,h5ry ,ali51  
,! ,bee-keep]'s ,h&y-book2 ,l',abbe     
,coll91 ,guide du ,proprietaire des     
,abeilles2 ,*4 ,dadant1 ,petit ,c\rs    
d',apiculture ,pratique2 ,ed4 ,b]tr&1   

,conduite du ,ru*]2 ,web]1 ,manuel      
pratique d',apiulture2 ,hamet1 ,c\rs    
,complet d',api-culture2 ,de ,bauvoys1  
,guide de l',apiculteur2 ,pollmann1 ,die
 ,bi5e und ihre ,zu*t2 ,jek]1 ,kram]1 & 
,!il]1 ,d] ,s*weiz]is*e ,bi55vat]2 ,s4  
,simm9s1 ,a ,mod]n ,bee ,f>m2 ,f4 ,w4   
,vogel1 ,die ,honigbi5e und die         
,v]mehrung d] ,bi5volk]2 ,b>on ,a4 ,von 
,b]leps*1 ,die ,bi5e und ihre ,fru*t1   
etc4  #c4 ,g5]al ,monographs3  ,f4      
,*e%ire1 ,bees & ,bee-keep+ 7vol4       
i4--,sci5tific72 ,t4 ,w4 ,c[an1 ,!      
,honey-bee2 ,j4 ,p]ez1 ,les ,abeilles2  
,gir>d1 ,manuel d',apiculture 7,les     
,abeilles1 ,organes et ,fonctions72     
,s*uck>d1 ,briti% ,bees2 ,kirby &       
,sp5ce1 ,introduction to ,entomology2   
,girdwoyn1 ,anatomie et ,physiologic de 
l',abeille2 ,f4 ,*e%ire1 ,diagrams on ! 
,anatomy ( ! ,honeybee2 ,gund]a*1 ,die  
,naturges*i*te d] ,honigbi5e2 ,l4       
,bu*n]1 ,gei/es-leb5 d] ,?i]e2 ,o4      
,buts*li1 ,zur ,entwicklungsges*i*te d] 
,bi5e2 ,j4 ,d4 ,havil&1 ,! ,social      

,in/9cts ( ,bees1 _! ,orig9 & ,natural  
,selection4  #d4 ,special ,monographs   
7,organs1 ,functions1 ,und]tak+s1 etc473
  ,f4 ,duj>d91 ,memoires sur le ,sy/eme 
n]veux des ,insectes2 ,dumas & ,milne   
,edw>ds1 ,sur la ,production de la ,cire
 des ,abeilles2 ,e4 ,blan*>d1 ,re*]*es  
anatomiques sur le ,sy/eme n]veux des   
,insectes2 ,l4 ,r4 ,d4 ,br\gham1        
,obs]vations1 ,demon/rations1 &         
,exp]i5ces ^u ! ,/ructure ( ! ,cells (  
,bees2 ,p4 ,cam]on1 ,on ,p>!nog5esis 9 !
 ,hym5opt]a 7,transactions ,natural     
,society ( ,glasg[1 #ahhh72 ,eri*son1   
,de ,fabrica et ,usu ,ant5n>um 9        
,insectis2 ,b4 ,t4 ,l[ne1 ,on ! ,simple 
& ,comp\nd ,eyes ( ,insects             
7,philosophical ,transactions1 #ahgi72  
,g4 ,k4 ,wat]h\se1 ,on ! ,=mation ( !   
,cells ( ,bees & ,wasps2 ,dr4 ,c4 ,t4   
,e4 von ,siebold1 ,on a ,true           
,p>!nog5esis 9 ,mo?s & ,bees2 ,f4       
,leydig1 ,das ,auge d] ,gli$]?i]e2      
,pa/or ,s*onfeld1 ,bi55-,zeitung1       
#ahed--ahhc2 ,illu/ri]te ,bi55-,zeitung1

 #ahhe-ahij2 ,assmuss1 ,die ,p>asit5 d] 
,honig-bi5e4  #e4 ,notes on ,mellif]\s  
,hym5opt]a3  ,e4 ,blan*>d1              
,metamorphoses1 ,moeurs et ,in/9cts des 
,insectes2 ,vid3 ,hi/oire des ,insectes2
 ,d>w91 ,orig9 ( ,species2 ,fabre1      
,s\v5irs ,entomologiques 7#c;d s]ies72  
,romanes1 ,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals2 
id41 ,animal ,intellig5ce2 ,lepeleti] et
 ,f>geau1 ,hi/oire ,naturelle des       
,hym5opt]es2 ,v4 ,mayet1 ,memoire sur   
les ,moeurs et sur les ,metamorphoses   
d'une ,n\velle ,espece de la ,famille   
des ,vesicants 7,ann4 ,soc4 ,entom4 de  
,france1 #ahge72 ,h4 ,mull]1 ,e9        
,beitrag zur ,leb5sges*i*te d] ,dasypoda
 ,hirtipes2 ,e4 ,h(f]1 ,biologis*e      
,beoba*tung5 an ,hummeln und            
,s*m>otz]hummeln2 ,jesse1 ,glean+s 9    
,natural ,hi/ory2 ,sir ,john ,lubbock1  
,ants1 ,bees1 & ,wasps2 id41 ,! ,s5ses1 
,in/9cts1 & ,intellig5ce ( ,animals2    
,walk5a]1 ,les ,haclites2 ,we/wood1     
,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,insects2 ,v4
 ,r5du1 ,de l',intellig5ce des ,betes2  

,esp9as1 ,animal ,communities1 etc4