v]sion by ,al ,ha9es4           ,,?ree  
,,acres  ,,&  ,,lib]ty   ,,by  ,,bolton 
,,hall   ,,au?or ,,(  ,,?+s ,,z ,,!y    
,,are1 ,,?rift1 ,,etc4    ,,revis$      
,,edition    ,a s[] w5t out to s[ & he  
s[$ t :i* 0 9 8 he>t--= :at c a man s[  
else6  ,f ,,! ,,game ,,( ,,life4  ,or1 z
 ! ,vulgate has x1--  ,exitt qui sem9at 
sem9>e sem5 suum4    ,,new ,,york  ,,!  
,,macmillan ,,company  #aiah  ,all      
rights res]v$4       ,copyright #aijg & 
#aiah  ,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company    
,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$ ,m>*1   
#aijg4  ,repr9t$ ,april1 ,july1 #aijg2  
,m>*1 #aijh2 ,june1  ,septemb]1 #aiaj2  
,april1 #aiab2 ,april #aiad4  ,new      
edition1 revis$ ,febru>y1 #aiah4        
,,=eword   ,we are n ti$ to a desk or to
 a b5*2 we /ay !re only because we ?9k  
we are ti$4  ,9 ,montana ,i _h a horse1 
:i* 0 hobbl$ e night to keep him f w&]+2
 t is1 /raps jo9$ by a %ort *a9 7 put   
ar\nd 8 =efeet1 s t he c\ld only hop4 ,!
 hobbles 7 tak5 (f 9 ! morn+1 b he w\ld 
/ill hop until he saw 8 mate trott+ (f4 

,?is book is int5d$ to %[ h[ any "o c   
trot (f if he w4  ,x is n a textbook2   
!re are pl5ty ( good textbooks1 :i* are 
ref]r$ to h]e94 ,int5sive cultivation _c
 be compris$ 9 any "o book4  ,x %[s :at 
is ne$$ = a city man or woman to support
 a family on ! proce$s ( a little bit ( 
l&2 x %[s h[ 9 tru?1 z ! old ,book      
prophesi$1 ! e>? br+s =? abundantly aft]
 its k9d to satisfy ! desire ( e liv+   
?+4 ,x is n necess>y to bury oneself 9 !
 c\ntry1 nor1 ) ! new facilities (      
transportation1 ne$ we1 unless we wi%   
to1 pay ! extravagant r5ts & enorm\s co/
 ( liv+ 9 ! city4 ,a little bit ( l& ne>
 ! t[n or ! city c be r5t$ or b\ght on  
easy t]ms2 & m]*&is+ w br+ "o to ! city 
(t5 en\gh4 ,nei!r is h>d labor ne$$2 b x
 is to "w alone t ! e>? yields h]       
increase1 & if1 al?\gh unskill$1 we w\ld
 succe$ 9 g>d5+1 we mu/ att5d con/antly 
& intellig5tly to ! home acres4  ,e     
*apt] ( ?is book has be5 revis$ by a    
speciali/1 & ! au?ors wi% to express _! 
appreciation ( ! aid giv5 !m1 p>ticul>ly

 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,moore1 ,arboriculturi/
 9 ! ,brooklyn ,dep>tm5t ( ,p>ks2 ,mr4  
,coll+wood ( ! ,rural ,new ,york] & ,mr4
 ,george ,t4 ,p[ell2 & to ?ank ,mrs4    
,mabel ,osgood ,wright1 & also ,mr4     
,joseph ,morwitz1 = _m valuable         
sugge/ions2 also all ^? f :om we h quot$
 directly or 9 sub/ance4  ,we h         
endeavor$ 9 ! text to give full         
ackn[l$gm5t to all1 b 9 "s cases x has  
be5 impossible to cr$it to ! orig9ator e
 p>agraph or ?\ght1 s9ce ^! h be5       
select$ & plac$ z ne$$1 believ+ t all   
true tea*]s & g>d5]s are m anxi\s to h  
_! message s5t ?an to be se5 deliv]+ x4 
,9 tru?1 tea*+ is b ano!r dep>tm5t (    
g>d5+4  ,practical po9ts & criticisms f 
practical m5 & wom51 especially f ^?    
exp]i5ces 9 try+ to get to ! l&1 w be   
welcom$ by ! au?ors4 ,address 9 c>e ( ! 
publi%]s4  ,! ,report ( ! ,c\ntry ,life 
,commission1 ) ,special ,message f !    
,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is         
especially important z %[+ ! connection 
( ,int5sive ,cultivation ) ,?rift = w>  

"t4  ,x tells u t3  ,! h&icaps 7on gett+
 out ( t[n7 t we n[ h specially 9 m9d   
may be /at$ "u f\r heads3 ,speculative  
hold+ ( l&s2 monopoli/ic control (      
/reams2 wa/age & monopoli/ic control (  
=e/s2 re/ra9t ( trade4  ,c]ta9 l&[n]s   
procure l>ge areas ( agricultural l& 9 !
 mo/ available location1 sometimes by   
que/ionable me?ods1 & hold x =          
speculative purposes4 ,?is n only )draws
 ! l& itself f settlem5t1 b 9 _m cases  
prev5ts ! developm5t ( an agricultural  
community4 ,! small] l&[n]s are isolat$ 
& unable to e/abli% _! necess>y         
in/itutions or to rea* ! m>ket4 ,! hold+
 ( l>ge areas by "o p>ty t5ds to develop
 a sy/em ( t5antry & abs5tee f>m+4 ,!   
:ole developm5t may be 9 ! direction (  
social & economic ineffectiv5ess4  ,a   
simil> problem arises 9 ! utilization ( 
swamp l&s4 ,accord+ to ! reports ( !    
,geological ,survey1 !re are m ?an      
#ge1jjj1jjj acres ( swamp l& 9 ?is      
c\ntry1 ! great] "p ( :i* are capable ( 
reclamation at probably a nom9al co/ z  

comp>$ to _! value4 ,x is important to !
 developm5t ( ! be/ type ( c\ntry life t
 ! reclamation proce$ "u conditions     
insur+ subdivision into small f>ms &    
settlem5t by m5 :o w\ld bo? own !m &    
till !m4  ,"s ( ^! l&s are ne> ! c5t]s (
 population4 ,!y become a m5ace to      
heal?1 & !y (t5 prev5t ! developm5t (   
good social conditions 9 v l>ge areas4  
,z a rule !y are extremely f]tile4 ,!y  
are capable ( su/a9+ an agricultural    
population numb]+ _m millions1 & !      
conditions "u :i* ^! millions mu/ live  
are a matt] ( national conc]n4 ,! ,f$]al
 ,gov]nm5t %\ld act to ! fulle/ ext5t ( 
its con/itutional p[]s 9 ! reclamation (
 ^! l&s "u prop] safegu>ds aga9/        
speculative hold+ & l&lordism4  ,! riv]s
 are valuable to ! f>m]s z dra9age l9es1
 z irrigation supply1 z c>ri]s &        
equaliz]s ( transportation rates1 z a   
readily available p[] res\rce1 & = rais+
 food fi%4 ,! wise developm5t ( ^! & o!r
 uses is important to bo? agricultural &
 o!r int]e/s2 _! protection f monopoly  

is "o ( ! fir/ responsibilities (       
gov]nm5t4 ,! /reams belong to ! p2 "u a 
prop] sy/em ( developm5t _! res\rces    
w\ld rema9 an e/ate ( all ! p1 & become 
available z ne$$4  ,riv] transportation 
is n usually antagoni/ic to railway     
int]e/s4 ,population & production are   
increas+ rapidly1 ) correspond+ increase
 9 ! dem&s made on transportation       
facilities4 ,x may be reasonably expect$
 t ! riv] w ev5tually c>ry a l>ge "p ( !
 freight t does n require prompt        
deliv]y1 :ile ! railway w c>ry t requir+
 exp$ition4 ,?is is already =ese5 by    
lead+ railway m52 & its importance to ! 
f>m] is su* t he %\ld enc\rage & aid1 by
 e means 9 8 p[]1 ! l>ge use ( ! riv]s4 
,! c\ntry w produce en\gh bus9ess to tax
 bo? /reams & railroads to _! utmo/4  ,9
 _m regions ! /reams af=d facilities =  
p[]1 :i*1 s9ce ! inauguration (         
electrical transmission1 is available = 
local rail l9es & (f]s ! be/ solution ( 
local transportation problems4 ,9 _m    
p>ts ( ! c\ntry local & int]urban l9es  

are provid+ transportation to f>m areas1
 !reby increas+ facilities = mov+ crops 
& add+ to ! pr(it & conv5i5ce ( f>m     
life4 ,h[ev]1 !re seems to be a v g5]al 
lack ( appreciation ( ! possibilities ( 
?is wat]-p[] res\rce z gov]n+           
transportation co/s4  ,! /reams may be  
also us$ z small wat] p[] on ?\s&s (    
f>ms4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ( small   
/reams4 ,mu* ( ! labor ab\t ! h\se & b>n
 c be p]=m$ by transmission ( p[] f     
small wat] :eels runn+ on ! f>ms        
!mselves or 9 ! neighborhood4 ,?is p[]  
c\ld be us$ = electric light+ & = small 
manufacture4 ,x is m important t small  
p[] be develop$ on ! f>ms ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates ?an t we h>ness ,niag>a4         
,un=tunately1 ! t5d5cy ( ! pres5t laws  
is to enc\rage ! acquisition ( ^!       
res\rces on easy t]ms1 or on _! own     
t]ms1 by ! fir/ applicants1 & ! p[] ( ! 
/reams is rapidly be+ acquir$ "u        
conditions t lead to ! conc5tration (   
own]%ip 9 ! h&s ( ! monopolies4 ,?is    
con/itutes a real & imm$iate dang]1 n to

 ! c\ntry-life int]e/s alone1 b to !    
entire nation1 & x is "t t ! :ole p     
become ar\s$ to x4  ,! =e/s h be5       
exploit$ = private ga9 n only until !   
timb] has be5 s]i\sly r$uc$1 b until    
/reams h be5 ru9$ = navigation1 p[]1    
irrigation1 & common wat] supplies1 &   
:ole regions h be5 expos$ to floods &   
disa/r\s soil erosion4 ,probably !re has
 nev] occurr$ a m reckless de/ruction ( 
prop]ty t ( "r %\ld belong to all ! p4  
,! wood-lot prop]ty ( ! c\ntry ne$s to  
be sav$ & increas$4 ,wood-lot yield is  
"o ( ! mo/ important crops ( ! f>ms1 &  
is ( great value to ! public 9 con      
troll+ /reams1 sav+ ! run-(f1 *eck+     
w9ds1 & add+ to ! attractiv5ess ( !     
region4 ,tak5 up 9 a special *apt] ( ?is
 book4  ,9 _m regions :]e poor & hilly  
l&s prevail1 ! t[n or c\nty c\ld well   
af=d to pur*ase =e/ l&1 expect+ !reby to
 add to ! value ( ! prop]ty & to make ! 
=e/s a s\rce ( rev5ue4 ,su* communal    
=e/s 9 ,europe yield rev5ue to ! cities 
& t[ns by :i* !y are own$ & manag$4  ,^!

 rev5ues w\ld furni% good roads ev5 9 ! 
poore/ & mo/ sp>sely settl$ di/ricts4   
,!re are a numb] ( o!r reasons :y p d n 
l to live outside ( cities--or d n      
succe$ 9 f>m "w4 ,!re is ! difficulty ( 
f9d+ help4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 rejoices ! he>t 
( ! mod]n sociologi/4 ,consid]--we fir/ 
tea* our *ildr5 indep5d5ce & tra9 !m =  
ev]y?+ b f>m help or h\sehold s]vices4  
,!n we degrade ! help bel[ a mill h& s t
 p w n ev5 sit at table ) !m at an      
hotel4 ,next we fix a !ory ( conduct =  
!m t keeps !m con/antly "u ord]s & pay  
!m wages t make x h>dly possible = !m to
 rise above ! /ation to :i* we h appo9t$
 !m4  ,f9ally1 :5 we move away f !      
haunts ( m5 out to ,s&t[n-by-!-,puddle  
we blame !m t !y d n ru% to jo9 u4 ,mo/ 
( !m w\ld be happi] 9 p5al s]vitude ?an 
9 ! c\ntry4 ,! "w is z h>d & requires z 
mu* skill z a me*anic's "w1 besides     
p]sonal qualities t are dem&$ ( no      
me*anic1 & comm&s half its wages4  ,^?  
:o1 l ,h5ry ,=d1 c af=d to pay me*anics'
 wages = help c get all !y want4  ,_m p 

g to ! c\ntry )\t plan1 prep>ation1 or  
vocation1 to make a liv+4 ,!y usually   
/>t to build a bungal[ b seldom get     
fur!r ?an ! bungle4 ,don't build any?+  
)\t plan4 ,get a com=table h\se pro(    
aga9/ cold & heat z soon z possible &1  
above all1 well v5tilat$4 ,at pres5t !  
air 9 ! c\ntry is good1 because ! f>m]s 
%ut all ! bad air up 9 _! b$rooms4  ,!y 
say    ,! f>m] works f sun to sun   ,= !
 summ]'s "w is nev] done4  ,we might    
add1 x's nev] ev5 half done--naturally4 
,a donkey eng9e c "w l t1 b !n x hasn't 
any bra9s4 ,no man c "w f sun to sun all
 summ] & ?9k at all or be good = any?+  
at ! end ( x4  ,above all ?+s don't "w  
long h\rs1 ev5 9 le>n+1 ) ! idea ( sav+ 
t way4 ,all up-to-date employ]s are     
agre$ t an eight-h\r day produces m &   
bett] results ?an a t5-h\r day & t a    
twelve-h\r day br+s %]iffs & suicides   
in/ead ( pr(its4  ,t's j z true ( !     
individual work] z x is ( ! factory h&4 
,yet mo/ m5 & a few wom5 pr\dly say t !y
 "w l a horse 7x's usually n true74 ,!y 

don't2 a horse won't "w & c't "w ov]    
eight h\rs a day /eadily4 ,nei!r c y3 y 
may keep buzz+ ar\nd mu* long]--b ! be/ 
"w requires ! be/ conditions & ! be/    
h\rs4 ,y ?9k1 or y flatt] y\rself t y   
?9k1 t x is necess>y2 b no?+ is necess>y
 t is /upid & wrong4 ,x is h>dly too mu*
 to say t :5 we are tir$ out or ill ei!r
 we h be5 do+ ! wrong ?+ or do+ x wrong4
  ,!re is besides1 z an anti-ru/icant1  
railroad discrim9ation 9 favor ( long   
hauls1 b ! ma9 reason t ! small f>ms ( !
 ,ea/]n ,coa/ are less settl$ ?an ^?    
f>!r we/ is ! great difficulty 9 gett+  
f>m loans or loans on f>m build+s4 ,new 
,york companies & o!rs 9 ! great cities 
w loan on f>ms we/ ( ! ,allegh5ies1 b   
ev5 ! o!rwise excell5t ea/]n ,build+    
,loan ,associations usually re/rict     
!mselves to places )9 tw5ty-five miles (
 a city4 ,! ,jewi% ,agricultural &      
,indu/rial ,aid ,society w help approv$ 
,jewi% f>m]s to buy & build3 & !re is a 
,f$]al ,l& ,bank 9 ,spr+field1 ,mass41  
:i* l5ds to "s ,f>m]s' ,associations1 ( 

:i* "s f\r ?\s& are already =m$4 ,x is  
hop$ t ! ,/ate ,l& ,bank ( ,new ,york   
,city may improve ! situation 9 ,new    
,york = ,f>m]s' ,organizations1 b       
g5]ally ne>ly all available funds ( !   
local banks seem to be drawn (f =       
inve/m5ts 9 ,wall ,/reet4  ,h[ev]1 x is 
n to be =gott5 t ?is difficulty is      
reflect$ 9 ! l[] prices ( ea/]n ,l&4    
,"o m ?+ t keeps _m p f ! c\ntry &      
drives "s p back to ! city is ! mosquito
 7( c\rse !re are mosquitoes 9 t[n1 b we
 are n out z mu*1 s we notice !m less74 
,mosquitoes bre$ or r we bre$ !m1 9 /ill
 wat] 9 :i* !re are no fi%1 9 pools1    
holl[s 9 trees1 wells1 etc41 & above all
 9 old t9 cans4 ,!y c no m bre$ )\t wat]
 ?an %>ks c\ld4  ,mosquitoes d n bre$ 9 
grass1 b rank gr[?s ( we$s or grass may 
conceal small bre$+ puddles1 & =m a     
favorite nurs]y = ,mamma ,skeet4 ,a     
teacupful ( wat] /&+ t5 days is en\gh = 
#bej wriggl]s2 _! ne$s are mode/4       
,diff]5t species ( mosquitoes h z       
well-def9$ habits z o!r birds & are     

classifi$ z foll[s3 ,dome/ic1           
,migratory1 & ,woodl&4  ,! common       
dome/ic or pet species bre$ 9 fre% wat]1
 usually 9 ! h\se y>d1 fly comp>atively 
%ort di/ances1 & habitually ent] h\ses4 
,!y w9t] 9 cell>s1 b>ns1 & ou?\ses4 ,"s 
( !m are conveyors ( mal>ia4  ,!        
,migratory ,species bre$ on ! salt      
m>%es1 fly long di/ances1 d n habitually
 ent] h\ses1 & are n c>ri]s ( diseases s
 f> z kn[n4  ,c]ta9 v>ieties ( ,woodl&  
,mosquitoes bre$ only 9 woodl& pools1   
appe>+ 9 ! e>ly spr+1 & travel a great] 
di/ance ?an ! dome/ic species4 ,!y are n
 usually tr\blesome indoors4  ,x has be5
 prov$ t mal>ia is transmitt$ only by   
c]ta9 species ( ,anopheles1 "o ( :i* is 
! dome/ic mosquito4 ,elim9ate ?is "o    
species ( mosquito & ! disease w        
disappe> z a direct consequ5ce4 ,s if y 
he> t pretty little song 9 ! h\se1 don't
 swe>1 ?ank ! ,"l t effects always foll[
 causes4 ,y ne$ nev] be )\t a bite 9 !  
h\se if y h a nice cesspool h&y = ,sis  
,mosquito1 = ea* "o w h a fir/-class fe$

 ) y e second or ?ird day4  ,!y are     
ne$less & dang]\s pe/s or pets4 ,_!     
propagation c be prev5t$ by dra9+ or    
fill+ wet areas1 by empty+ or scre5+    
wat] receptacles1 & by spray+ ) oil :]e 
bett] measures are n available4 ,oil    
%\ld be spr9kl$ 9 any cesspools1 sew]s1 
& cat* bas9s1 ra9 b>rels1 wat] tr\ghs1  
ro( gutt]s1 m>%es1 swamps1 & puddles t  
_c be done away )4 ,all ponds & l>ge    
bodies ( wat] %\ld h clean %>p edges1   
because 9 %all[1 grassy edges l>vae ( ! 
mal>ial species are commonly f\nd4 ,l>ge
 ponds ) clean edges1 inhabit$ by fi% or
 pr$atory insects1 are safe2 small]     
ponds1 if w9d swept1 & all ponds 9 !    
ripple area are safe4 ,all ra9 pools1   
/agnant gutt]s1 ov]gr[n edges ( l>ge    
ponds1 & all receptacles hold+ wat] n   
con/antly r5ew$1 are dang]\s4 ,y raise  
mo/ ( y\r own mosquitoes4  ,n[ a ^w     
specially conc]n+ ?is revis$ edition4   
,! f>m pap]s are support$ ma9ly by m5 ) 
l>ge acreage1 x is ! rise 9 value ( ^!  
acres m ?an ! rise 9 f>m products t has 

pull$ ! l&-own+ f>m]s out ( ! hole t !y 
7 9 up to ab\t ! ye> #aijj4 ,f>m]s' k1  
lik+1 & equipm5t 0 = big fields1 half   
cultivat$1 & at fir/ !y did n l to he> t
 !y _h be5 wa/+ s mu* ( ! labor t _h b5t
 _! backs4 ,nor did !y want to he> t x  
w\ld h be5 f> m pr(itable to !m to h    
cultivat$ a few acres & left ! goats &  
hogs or %eep to att5d to ! re/ z wild l&
 until ! long-expect$ settl]s came along
 to buy ! l& at dreaml& prices4         
,consequ5tly1 all ! faults 9 ! book !re 
71 & "s m besides1 h be5 pick$ out by ^!
 critics4 ,x is surpris+ z well z a     
notable complim5t to ! agricultural     
exp]ts :o revis$ ! fir/ edition t1 ) "o 
exception1 no mat]ial error or omission 
has be5 po9t$ out4  ,! m s because !re  
is absolutely no limit to ! advances 9  
me?ods & results 9 do+ ?+s1 & 9 gr[+    
?+s1 all born ( intellig5t toil4 ,y\r   
sugge/ions may help ! _w to bett] &     
bigg] ?+s4 ,if y w li/5 at ! 'phone y   
may sometime he> a conv]sation l ?is3   
,hello1 ?is is ,mrs4 ,wise1 s5d me two  

/rawb]ries1 please4 ,y'd bett] take     
?ree1 ,madam1 ,i've none l>g] ?an pea*es
 to-day4 ,all "r2 good-bye4  ,y may     
sometime see t k9d ( /rawb]ry 9 ,new    
,j]sey at ,kevitt's ,a!nia1 or ,h5ry    
,joralamon's1 or 9 ! b]ry kn[n by v>i\s 
names1 su* z ,giant & diff]5t ,joe's4 ,b
 lots ( p h fail$ 9 _! w> g>d5 "w ev5 on
 common ?+s2 lots m ought to h fail$ b  
hav5't--yet4 ,ye>s ago1 we1 ! book & its
 help]s1 />t$ ! =w>d-to-!-l& movem5t :i*
 has result$ 9 probably two million     
extra g>d5 pat*es ?is w> ye>4 ,i h _h   
c>loads ( lett]s1 at lea/ h& c>loads1   
ab\t ! book1 b n "o work] :o ev5 tri$ to
 foll[ its c\nsels has report$ failure4 
,s don't let u h a wail f y because y\r 
g>d5 /uff nev] comes up4 ,( c\rse x     
doesn't2 y h to br+ x up1 j l a baby4   
,t's :at ,i've be5 cry+ = long ye>s 9 ! 
wild]ness ev] s9ce ! fir/ edition ( ?is 
book4 ,! ,?ree ,acres may be b\ght on   
cr$it b et]nal vigilance is ! price (   
,lib]ty & crops4 ,to raise good crops   
co/s "t & att5tion & sweat ( body & (   

bra9s4  ,"h is a *unk ( wisdom out ( !  
excell5t ,g>d5 ,prim] 7:i* y c get free 
by ask+ me = x73  ,"o h\r a day sp5t 9 a
 g>d5 t5 y>ds long by sev5 wide w supply
 vegetables en\gh = a family ( six2 b ! 
value ( ?is rem>k lies 9 ! application (
 x4 ,if y figure a bit on t y w f9d t t5
 m9utes a day w provide en\gh = "o      
p]son1 b six h\rs once a week won't d4  
,six h\rs a day w br+ up a baby2 b two  
days a week is crim9al neglect = ! o!r  
five days4 ,if y once let ! we$s get a  
good />t1 say aft] a ra91 !y w make ev5 
! angels swe>4 ,x's regul> att5tion t ! 
baby & ! g>d5 & y\r education & y\r be/ 
girl w require4  ,if y want m m9ute     
in/ructions ab\t h[ to gr[ ea*          
vegetable1 put 9 words t anybody c      
und]/& )\t gett+ a heada*e or a         
diction>y1 look up ,! ,g>d5 ,y>d by !   
,au?or4 ,x is 9 ne>ly all libr>ies n[1 &
 x is ! only book t makes p]fectly pla9 
ev]y?+ t a pla9 man ne$s to "k ab\t gr[+
 pla9 ?+s4  ,s !re is little to add 9   
?is new edition except to re9=ce :at 0 n

 /rong en\gh4 ,9 ! pres5t jump+ m>ket to
 revise ! prices quot$ w\ld be absurd1 b
 x may be not$ t1 z 9 ! prices ( 'c[]s1 
! m9imum prices are /ill ab\t correct1 b
 ! maximum prices h jump$ almo/ out (   
sight4 ,e ye> !re are m & m v weal?y p  
:o w pay ne>ly any price = ! v be/4 ,!  
_w seems to be divid+ into ^? :o h to   
c\nt _! p5nies & ^? :o c\ldn't c\nt _!  
?\s&s4 ,( c\rse1 :]e w> has prohibit$ ! 
importation ( ! /rong bulbs & roots ne$$
 = =c+ fl[]s1 ! prices are ab\t :at any 
"o :o has any *ooses to ask4 ,monopoly c
 always get its own price4  ,?is ,new   
,edition does n attempt to br+ prices   
quot$ up to date4 ,9 ^! times n ev5 a   
/ock ex*ange telegraph tick] c d t4     
,prices ( goods 9 g5]al h advanc$ at    
lea/ #hj p] c5t4 ,by ! day t ?is book is
 (f ! press !y may h decreas$1 or m     
likely advanc$ "s m4 ,! next day !y may 
slump4 ,prices ( labor advance m sl[ly &
 d n slump s fa/4 ,wages ( m5 g>d5]s h  
ris5 p]haps #ej p] c5t 9 ! la/ t5 ye>s1 
b wom5 & *ildr5 h le>n$ to d mu* ( ! "w4

 ,!y d ! "w *eap] because mo/ ( !m h "s 
"o on :om !y c p>tly dep5d = support4   
,simil>ly1 :5 an example ( total product
 giv5 9 ! e>li] edition is /ill typical 
& has /ood inve/igation1 x is n disc>d$ 
9 favor ( a m mod]n in/ance4  ,x w\ld h 
be5 easy to h revis$ all ! figures1 b ( 
little advantage to our read]s4 ,=      
example1 x is enc\rag+ to ! citiz5 to "k
 t ! av]age :eat yield p] acre has      
increas$ m ?an two bu%els s9ce ! fir/   
edition ( ?is book1 b x w\ld n help !   
g>d5 mak]4 ,! increase ( possible       
products t5ds to c\nt]balance ! increas$
 co/ ( labor4 ,s only ! mu/y p>ts h be5 
cut out ( ! book1 :i* is m ne$$ n[ ?an  
ev]4     ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts   ,*apt] 
,i3 ,mak+ a ,liv+--,:]e & ,h[  ,*apt]   
,,ii3 ,pres5t ,conditions  ,*apt] ,,iii3
 ,h[ ,to ,buy ,! ,f>m  ,*apt] ,,iv3     
,vacant ,city ,lot ,cultivation  ,*apt] 
,v3 ,results ,to ,be ,expect$  ,*apt]   
,,vi3 ,:at ,an ,acre ,may ,produce      
,*apt] ,,vii3 ,"s ,me?ods  ,*apt]       
,,viii3 ,! ,kit*5 ,g>d5  ,*apt] ,,ix3   

,tools ,& ,equipm5t  ,*apt] ,x3         
,advantages ,f ,capital  ,*apt] ,,xi3   
,hotb$s ,& ,gre5h\ses  ,*apt] ,,xii3    
,o!r ,uses ,( ,l&  ,*apt] ,,xiii3       
,fruits  ,*apt] ,,xiv3 ,fl[]s  ,*apt]   
,,xv3 ,drug ,plants  ,*apt] ,,xvi3      
,novel ,live ,/ock  ,*apt] ,,xvii3 ,:]e 
,to ,g  ,*apt] ,,xviii3 ,cle>+ ,! ,l&   
,*apt] ,,xix3 ,h[ ,to ,build  ,*apt]    
,,xx3 ,back ,to ,! ,l&  ,*apt] ,,xxi3   
,com+ ,pr(ession ,= ,boys  ,*apt]       
,,xxii3 ,! ,wood ,lot  ,*apt] ,,xxiii3  
,"s ,practical ,exp]im5ts  ,*apt]       
,,xxiv3 ,"s ,exp]im5tal ,foods  ,*apt]  
,,xxv3 ,dri$ ,truck  ,*apt] ,,xxvi3     
,home ,cold ,pack ,cann+  ,*apt]        
,,xxvii3 ,retail ,coop]ation  ,*apt]    
,,xxviii3 ,summ] ,colonies ,= ,city ,p  
,,*apt] ,i  ,,mak+ ,a ,,liv+--,,:]e ,,& 
,,h[   ,by ?\ght & c\rage1 we c help    
ourselves to own a home1 surr\nd$ by    
acres ( fruit & vegetables1 fl[]s &     
p\ltry1 & le>n ! be/ me?ods s z to      
insure success4  ,9 old5 times any "o   
c\ld f>m1 b x is necess>y to-day to tea*

 p to obta9 a livelihood directly f !   
e>?4 ,sci5tific me?ods ( agriculture h  
reveal$ possibilities 9 ! soil t make   
f>m+ ! mo/ fasc9at+ occupation kn[n to  
man4 ,p 9 e city are long+ = ! fre$om ( 
c\ntry life1 yet hesitate to ent] into  
its lib]ty because no "o po9ts ! way4   
,mo/ sociologi/s are agre$ t ! great    
problem ( our day is to /op ! drift (   
population t[>d ! cities4 ,see+ !       
ov]cr[d+1 ! want & mis]y ( our great    
t[ns1 ! philan?ropi/ *imes 9 ) ,get ! p 
to ! c\ntry1 t is ! ne$4  ,b !re is no  
su* ne$4 ,man is a social animal1 he    
naturally goes 9 flocks1 he e>ns m &    
le>ns m 9 cr[ds4 ,to transport him to ! 
c\ntry1 ev5 if he w\ld /ay1 :i* happily 
he won't1 w\ld be to doctor a symptom4  
,z 9 typhoid1 :at is ne$$ is n to       
suppress ! fev]1 t is easy1 b to remove 
! cause ( x4  ,x is n ! gr[? ( ! cities 
t we want to *eck1 b ! ne$less want &   
mis]y 9 ! cities1 & ?is c be done by    
re/or+ ! natural condition ( liv+1 &    
among o!r ?+s1 by %[+ t x is easi] &    

mak+ x m attractive to live 9 com=t on !
 outskirts ( ! city z produc]s1 ?an 9 ! 
slums z paup]s4  ,we "k already t !     
natural & heal?y life is1 t 9 ! sweat ( 
our faces we %\ld eat bread4 ,we obs]ve 
t ev]y?+ we eat or use or make comes f !
 e>? by labor2 b no "o kn[s h[          
abundantly ! ,"m c supply h] *ildr54 ,x 
is well said t no man yet kn[s !        
capacity ( a squ>e y>d ( e>?4  ,! f>m]  
?9ks t he has done well if he gets a    
hundr$ & fifty or two hundr$ bu%els (   
potatoes f an acre2 he does n "k t o!rs 
h gott5 #abhd bu%els4  7,mr4 ,knight1 ^:
 "n is well kn[n to e horticulturi/ 9   
,engl&1 ,once dug out ( 8 fields no less
 ?an #abhd bu%els ( potatoes1 or        
?irty-f\r tons & n9e hundr$s weight     
7ab\t #cd bu%els to ! ton71 on a s+le   
acre2 & at a rec5t competition 9        
,m9nesota1 #aabj bu%els1 or ?irty tons1 
c\ld be asc]ta9$ z hav+ be5 gr[n on "o  
acre4 ,p4 ,kropotk9's ,fields1          
,factories & ,work%ops1 page #aad47     
,let u realize :at an acre means4 ,an   

acre is a squ>e ab\t #bji feet ea* way1 
#dhdj squ>e y>ds ( l&4 ,a ,new ,york    
,city av5ue block is ab\t #bjj feet long
 f h\se corn] to h\se corn]4 ,x has     
eight city lots #be ,x #ajj 9 its front2
 ab\t d\ble t space 7#ag-b_/e lots7     
makes an acre4  ,an ord9>y "o-horse c>t 
holds tw5ty bu%els1 s !n a full crop (  
potatoes f t space w\ld fill #ef c>ts4  
,to raise potatoes z an ord9>y f>m]     
raises !m1 requires him to g ov] ! gr\nd
 n less ?an a doz5 times1 pl[+1 h>r[+1  
m>k+1 plant+1 cultivat+1 ?ree times     
we$+1 ?ree times = bugs1 & digg+2 x w\ld
 pay him to g ov] x mu* (t5]4  ,if he   
plants 8 r[s ( potatoes ?ree feet ap>t1 
to all[ = horse cultivation1 he has #fi 
r[s ( #bjj feet ea*2 :i* makes him walk 
at lea/ ?irty-?ree miles ov] ea* acre4  
,if he has a tw5ty-acre lot 9 potatoes1 
he walks ea* ye> m ?an #fej miles ov] ! 
field & gets1 let u say1 #aej bu%els (  
poor potatoes p] acre1 or #cjjj bu%els  
(f 8 tw5ty-acre field4  ,n[ suppose he  
cultivates ! soil1 in/ead ( j rais+ a   

crop1 & gets #fjj bu%els ( f9e potatoes 
to ! acre1 he ne$ plant only five acres1
 walk only #bjj miles1 &1 because 8     
potatoes are *oice & e>ly1 get _m times 
! price t 8 p$e/rian neighbor gets4 ,x  
is mu* easi] to gr[ #bjj1jjj lb4 ( fe$  
on "o acre ?an to gr[ !m on t5 acres4   
,to cultivate is to wat* ! soil z y w\ld
 wat* y\r cook+ & to t5d ! crop z y w\ld
 t5d y\r animals4 ,! crop is z alive z !
 /ock & z easily gets sick4  ,if an     
ord9>y f>m] r5ts #fj acres at #e4jj p]  
acre1 a mod]ate r5t = good l&1 he pays  
out 9 ca% #cjj1 besides f>m wages4 ,if  
he buys x1 8 int]e/ & taxes w am\nt to  
ne>ly z mu*2 b if he tills b five acres 
intellig5tly1 he c get z mu* out ( x z  
out ( an ord9>y f>m1 & ev5 if 8 r5t be z
 high z #cj p] acre = well situat$ l&1  
he is #aej to ! good2 besides1 do+ ! "w 
himself1 he has no dra9 ( capital =     
wages4  ,l>ge b>ns & %elt] = help be+   
unnecess>y1 he c live 9 a *eap %ack till
 he accumulates en\gh = prop] build+s4  
,_m ( ! successful vacant lot f>m]s live

 9 a t5t or 9 %anties made ( old boxes &
 su* l4  ,( c\rse1 if we h ! k & ability
 & ! capital & c give x ! att5tion1 x is
 m pr(itable to cultivate on a l>ge     
scale ?an on a small "o1 because 9 t    
case ea* work] necess>ily produces m ?an
 he gets z wages--& we pocket !         
diff]5ce4  ,mo/ ,am]ican f>m]s are hold+
 l& t somebody ought to pay !m a bonus =
 work+1 else !y mu/ come out ( ! little 
end ( ! horn4 ,!y get poor or poorly    
situat$ l&1 because x co/s less1 & !n   
put ?ree or f\r hundr$ doll>s' wor? (   
labor & money a ye> into ! l& & take out
 f\r or five hundr$ doll>s' wor? (      
crops4  ,! f>m] ?9ks he mu/ h big fields
 to fe$ 8 cattle1 & t he mu/ h cattle to
 keep ! big fields f]tiliz$1 s he raises
 hay4  ,9 t he makes two mi/akes2 hay1 l
 mo/ o!r l[-pric$ crops1 is risky--! co/
 ( h>ve/+ is high & ! m>g9 ( pr(it      
small4 ,a week ( wet wea!r at cutt+ "t  
or ! impossibility ( gett+ en\gh m5 &   
ma*9es 9 ! week :5 x %\ld be cut1 may   
make a loss4  ,b ! sci5tific dairy man  

does n take t risk1 nor let 8 cattle use
 up ?is fodd] by w&]+ ov] ! fields 9    
se>* ( tid-bits ( grass or clov]1 or1   
goad$ by ! flies1 trampl+ m grass ?an !y
 eat & wa/+ _! manure4  ,he keeps ! c[s 
9 cool %$s1 fe$s !m on cut fodd]1 &     
saves e ounce ( ! manure4  ,! mod]n c[  
is a rum9at+ ma*9e = produc+ milk & c>es
 little = ex]cise & ne$s little4 ,to    
exploit ! cattle z employ]s exploit !   
factory h&s1 he gives ! c[s a cool1 %ady
 place & food1 & !y /& !re all day long 
to _! pr(it & 84  7,unit$ ,/ates        
,agricultural ,bullet9 ,no4 #bb says3 ,!
 ,new ,j]sey ,exp]im5t ,/ation has be5  
conduct+ a practical trial 9 soil+ dairy
 c[s = a numb] ( ye>s pa/1 & f9ds t     
complete soil+ is entirely practicable1 
i4e4 t gre5 foliage crops may s]ve z !  
sole food ( ! dewy h]d1 aside f ! gra9  
ration1 )\t injury to ! animals & ) a   
consid]able sav+ 9 ! co/ ( milk4  ,"u ! 
soil+ sy/em a l>ge numb] ( animals c be 
kept ^u a giv5 acreage & by all[+       
op5-air ex]cises 9 a l>ge y>d or pa/ure 

! practice has be5 demon/rat$ z entirely
 feasible = dairy animals4  ,"o acre (  
soil+ crops produc$ suffici5t fodd] = an
 equival5t ( #c c[s = six mon?s4 ,rye1  
corn1 crimson clov]1 alfalfa1 oats &    
peas1 & millets h be5 f\nd to furni%    
food m economically ?an any o!r gre5    
crops 9 t locality4 ,a gra9 rotation 0  
always f$ 9 addition to ! soil+ crops47 
,al?\gh we c fe$ a c[ on less ?an an    
acre by rais+ =age crops1 %e ne$s to be 
milk$ e day at regul> h\rs1 & ! milk1 z 
well z ! cans & ! c[1 ne$ to be c>$ =--&
 %e _c wait4  ,! /ock-rais] has a       
diff]5t proposition2 he ne$s fields &   
grass2 b if "t & available labor is     
limit$1 we _h bett] specialize on !     
g>d5--unlike ! f>m]s4  ,! f>m]s are n to
 blame t !y d n usually cultivate ! l&  
intellig5tly4 ,!y are mo/ly cut (f f !  
educational advantages ( ! cities by    
di/ance & by bad roads4  ,usually1 t is 
because1 desirable l& be+ held at       
speculative prices1 !y are =c$ to places
 :]e ! f>m itself is wor? less ?an !    

good improvem5ts on x co/4 ,sometimes x 
is because1 also1 ! l& is poor or worn  
out2 m (t5 because x is ?\ghtlessly     
manag$1 ne>ly always because ! l&-hungry
 f>m] has tak5 t5 times z mu* l& z he   
ne$s = f>m+4 ,9 ! hope ( a rise t (t5   
does n come1 ne>ly all h b\ght m l& ?an 
!y c take good c>e ( ) limit$ capital & 
sc>city ( help4  ,9 addition1 ! f>ms h  
held out su* poor prospects ( =tune t ! 
sm>t] & m ent]pris+ boys & girls h left 
!m = ! t[ns1 leav+ beh9d ! dull] & m    
cons]vative to ! m]cy ( ! railroads &   
o!r monopolies4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 t !     
ov]work$ & /ruggl+ f>m] f9ds little     
*ance to /udy1 or to inve/igate & inve/ 
9 f]tiliz]s or ev5 9 mod]n me?ods (     
agriculture4  ,no wond] f>m+ does n pay 
if a f>m] means a /upid man ) nei!r     
tra9+ =1 nor k (1 8 bus9ess4 ,^? :o h ! 
k seldom h ! exp]i5ce & ^? :o h !       
exp]i5ce seldom h ! k4  ,! bonanza f>ms 
( ! ,we/ are o!r samples ( great areas (
 ! mo/ productive l& 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
be+ us$ mo/ unsci5tifically4 ,by !      

me?ods us$1 ! l& produces less p] acre  
?an l& 9 ! ,ea/ :i* is n s good4        
,accord+ly1 we f9d t ! bonanza f>m plan1
 :]e great areas ( :eat are work$ by    
ma*9es ) labor employ$ only 9 ! se$ "t &
 h>ve/1 is rapidly break+ up4 ,z ! l&   
becomes valuable & is tax$1 su* wa/eful1
 :olesale me?ods d n pay z well z x pays
 to r5t or sell ! l& to f>m]s1 :o ea* = 
!mselves att5d to details ( ! bus9ess4  
,consequ5tly1 mo/ ( ^? f>ms are be+ sold
 (f4 ,! :ole am\nt ( :eat ev] rais$ on  
!m1 h[ev]1 is small comp>$ to ! rice1   
millet1 & :eat rais$ 9 ,*9a1 ,india1 &  
,russia1 & is insignificant comp>$ to ! 
am\nt ( produce gr[n on ! myriad little 
f>m plots4  ,a comp>ison ( productions z
 tak5 f ! #ab? & #ac? ,unit$ ,/ates     
,c5suses 9 ! bonanza f>m /ates %[s t !  
yield ( :eat 03  :ile ,new ,engl& %[s   
#bc4e bu4 p] acre4                      
,9 #ahii                ,9 #aiji        
,m9nesota         #ad4e bu4 p] acre     
#ag4d   ,nor? ,dakota      #ac4e bu4 p] 
acre      #ad4c   ,s\? ,dakota          

#aj4e bu4 p] acre      #ad4f  ,by #aiag 
^! l>gely increas$1 b ! diff]5ces rema94
  ,! av]age ext5t ( l& till$ by "o      
family 9 ,japan does n exce$ "o hect>e  
7#b4dga acres71 less ?an two & a half   
acres4 7,japan 9 ! ,beg9n+ ( ! ,tw5tie? 
,c5tury1 page #hi4 ,publi%$ by !        
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture & ,comm]ce (   
,japan47  ,f>m h\seholds conta9 on an   
av]age #e4h p]sons1 ( :om two & a half  
p]sons p] family may be reg>d$ ( an age 
capable ( do+ effective "w4  ,s t "h we 
h m ?an "o p]son work+ on ea* acre & ea*
 acre support+ m ?an two p]sons1 not)/&+
 t _! #bb1jjj1jjj t5ant f>m]s pay       
sometimes f\r fif?s ( _! product z r5t4 
7,same1 page #ajc47  ,d5m>k1 "o ( ! be/ 
agricultural c\ntries & probably "o ( ! 
happie/ communities on e>?1 report$     
#a1ijj f>ms ( #bej-cjj acres1   #gd1jjj 
f>ms av]ag+ #ajj acres1   #aej1jjj f>ms 
av]ag+ #g to #aj acres1   #a1jej        
coop]ative dairies1 & s on4  ,& s       
impress$ has ! rul+ class !re become ) !
 advantage ( ?is t ! ,gov]nm5t w supply 

! poor work] n9e t5?s ( ! means necess>y
 to buy a small f>m4  ,says ,kropotk91 !
 small isl& ( ,j]sey1 eight miles long &
 less ?an six miles wide1 /ill rema9s a 
l& ( op5 field culture2 b1 al?\gh x     
comprises only #bh1gjg acres 7ne>ly #de 
squ>e miles71 rocks includ$1 x n\ri%es a
 population ( ab\t two inhabitants to   
ea* acre1 or #acjj inhabitants to !     
squ>e mile1 & !re is n "o writ] on      
agriculture :o1 aft] hav+ paid a visit  
to ?is isl&1 does n praise ! well-be+ ( 
! ,j]sey peasants & ! admirable results 
:i* !y obta9 9 _! small f>ms ( f five to
 tw5ty acres--v (t5 less ?an five       
acres--by means ( a rational & int5sive 
culture4  ,mo/ ( my read]s w probably be
 a/oni%$ to le>n t ! soil ( ,j]sey1 :i* 
consi/s ( decompos$ granite1 ) no       
organic matt] 9 x1 is n at all (        
surpris+ f]tility1 & t its climate1 ?\gh
 m sunny ?an ! climate ( ! ,briti%      
,isles1 (f]s _m drawbacks on acc\nt ( ! 
small am\nt ( sun heat dur+ ! summ] & ( 
! cold w9ds 9 spr+4  7,! successes      

accompli%$ lately 9 ,j]sey are entirely 
due to ! am\nt ( labor :i* a d5se       
population is putt+ on ! l&2 to a sy/em 
( l&-t5ure1 l&-transf]5ce1 & inh]itance 
v diff]5t f ^? :i* prevail else:]e2 to  
fre$om f ,/ate taxation2 & to ! fact t  
communal in/itutions h be5 ma9ta9$ d[n  
to q a rec5t p]iod1 :ile a numb] (      
communal habits & cu/oms ( mutual       
support1 d]iv$ !re-f1 are alive to !    
pres5t "t4 7,fields1 ,factories &       
,work%ops47  ,x w suffice to say t on ! 
:ole ! inhabitants ( ,j]sey obta9       
agricultural products to ! value ( #bej 
to ea* acre ( ! aggregate surface ( l&4 
7,same1 page #aac477  ,9 a small plot ! 
"* ( ! soil is ( little consequ5ce4 ,we 
he> ( "o g>d5 9 ,new ,york ,city on !   
ro( ( a big build+ :]e ! janitor smuggl$
 up ! ne$$ soil 9 baskets4  ,! s*ool    
g>d5s 9 ,new ,york ,city1 "s 9 a space z
 small z a he>? rug1 "o y>d by two1 %[  
h[ to use a v small pat* ( l& to ! be/  
advantage4 ,nor ne$ x take m "t ?an y c 
af=d4  ,"s ( ! cultivators ( city lots  

on ,long ,isl& :o kept c\nt ( ! numb] ( 
days !y work$1 %[ ! surpris+ conclusion 
t !y e>n$1 n f>m wages 7sev5ty-five c5ts
 a day ) bo>d & lodg+ = ! work]71 b     
me*anics' wages 7f\r doll>s p] day7 = e 
work+ day2 z1 = in/ance1 a /one-cutt]1  
assi/$ by 8 two boys1 work$ fifty h\rs &
 made #abj4bc4 7,cultivation ( ,vacant  
,lots1 ,new ,york1 page #ab72 & f\r city
 lots is a v little f>m4  ,b ?\gh "o may
 n own ev5 a little f>m1 almo/ any "o :o
 wants to c h a home g>d5--x ne$s b a   
small plot ( l&4 ,nor ne$ we be         
disc\rag$ because acqua9tances :o play  
at g>d5+ tell u t _! vegetables co/ !m m
 ?an if !y b\ght !m4  ,!y naturally     
w\ld1 ) ?\ghtless me?ods ( cultivation1 
) ! selection ( crops & ! pur*ase ( se$s
 left to an un$ucat$ man :o does all 8  
"w ! way he saw 8 gr&fa!r d x4  ,nor are
 we to be disc\rag$ ev5 by ! g5tleman   
f>m] :o runs a model f>m1 a model ( h[ n
 to d x1 =1 not)/&+ its l>ge capital1 x 
seldom pays4  ,i am pass+ su* a f>m n[ z
 ,i write 9 ! tra9--x is surr\nd$ by a  

cut /one wall4 ,d y suppose ! own]      
bus9ess w\ld pay if x 7 run 9 ! same way
 t 8 f>m is run8 ,we "k ! /ory ( ! :ite 
sp>r[ to f9d :i* w\ld br+ luck to !     
f>m--b x 0 out only at daybreak2 ! f>m] 
got up ea* morn+ to f9d ! sp>r[ & f\nd a
 lot ( o!r ?+s to att5d to1 :i* did br+ 
luck to ! f>m4 ,i don't ?9k ! own] ( t  
wall work$ at x1 at daybreak4  ,! "t is 
n f> di/ant :5 ! build]s ( homes 9 our  
,am]ican cities w be compell$ to leave  
room = a g>d51 9 ord] to meet !         
requirem5ts ( ! p ,9 ! mad ru% = weal?  
we h ov]look$ ! natural /ate1 b we see a
 heal?y reaction sett+ 94 ,) !          
improvem5ts 9 /eam & electricity1 !     
revolutioniz+ ( transportation1 ! cutt+ 
( ! arbitr>y telephone *>ges1 x is      
becom+ possible to live at a di/ance f  
our bus9ess4 ,may we n expect 9 ! ne>   
future to see "o portion ( our cities   
devot$ entirely to bus9ess1 ) ! homes ( 
! p s sep>at$ z to give light1 sun%9e1 &
 air to all1 besides a piece ( gr\nd = a
 g>d5 suffici5t to supply ! table )     

vegetables8  ,y raise m ?an vegetables 9
 y\r g>d53 y raise y\r expectation (    
life4  ,life belongs 9 ! g>d54 ,d y     
rememb]--! fir/ *apt]s ( ,g5esis %[ u   
our babyhood 9 a g>d5--! g>d5 t all     
babyhood rememb]s1 & ! la/ *apt] ( !    
,apocalypse leaves u ) ! vision ( ! g>d5
 9 ! ,holy ,city1 on ei!r side ( ! riv]1
 :]e ! trees yield _! fruits e mon? &   
be> leaves ( univ]sal heal+4 ,j s w x be
 9 our holy cities ( ! future--! g>d5 w 
be "r !re 9 ! mid/4     ,,*apt] ,,ii    
,,pres5t ,,conditions   ,up to ! ,civil 
,w> & = "s ye>s aft]1 our p 7 almo/     
:olly agricultural4 ,national activity  
cont5t$ itself ) settl+ & develop+ ! va/
 areas ( ! public l&s1 ^: virg9 ri*ness 
cri$ al\d 9 ! wild]ness = m54  ,! policy
 ( ! gov]nm5t1 fram$ to /imulate rapid  
occupation ( ! public l&s1 _h attract$  
hordes ( settl]s ov] ! m\nta9s f ! old] 
/ates1 & immigration fl[$ 9 a /eady     
/ream into ! valleys ( ! ,ohio & !      
,mississippi4  ,a sy/em _h gr[n up 9 !  
,s\? almo/ patri>*al1 bas$ ^u           

cultivation by slave labor ( enorm\s    
areas devot$ exclusively to cotton4 ,9 !
 ,nor?1 ,new ,engl& _h develop$ "s few  
c5t]s ( indu/ry1 draw+ _! support f !   
manufacture ( ! great ,s\!rn /aple4 ,new
 ,york1 ,bo/on1 & ,philadelphia 7 gr[+ z
 outlets = =eign comm]ce1 b z yet       
manufactur+ fl\ri%$ b feebly & 9 few    
localities4  ,su* manufactur+ &         
comm]cial ent]prises z exi/$ _h be5     
labori\sly built up by long ye>s ( hone/
 work+4 ,! free l&s ( ! gov]nm5t1 by    
giv+ labor]s an alt]native1 kept up     
wages1 =c+ employ]s to bid aga9/ ea* o!r
 = labor2 & monopoly ?us be+ *eck$1     
individual equality 0 possible4  ,!     
m9]al res\rces ( ,p5nsylvania & ,ohio 7 
all b unsuspect$1 & ! calm ( a p devot$ 
to ! peaceful pursuits ( agriculture    
re/$ ov] ! c\ntry4  ,railroads 7 few &  
ineffici5t3 telegraph l9es b 9 _!       
infancy4 ,int]c\rse among ! p1 outside (
 a n>r[ fr+e on ! ,atlantic coa/1 0     
cumb]some1 & imp$$ by _m ob/acles4      
,primitive conditions ev]y:]e prevail$1 

& communities brood$ 9 sil5ce1 gr[+     
/raggl+ly 9 sluggi% indiff]5ce1 cont5t )
 co>se food & co>s] liv+4  ,su*1 9      
g5]al1 7 ! conditions up to #ahfa4 ,!n  
came ! /orm ( %ot & %ell1 ! ra9 ( blood1
 ! elem5tal rage ( passion call$ !      
,civil ,w>4 ,!re 0 a total upset (      
bus9ess4 ,su* p]iods ( h>d times z _h   
occurr$ prior to t "t _h be5 caus$ by ! 
t9k]+ ( untra9$ m9ds ) ! money sy/em or 
by l& speculation1 & n by lack ( access 
to ! ri*es ( nature4 ,aft] f\r ye>s our 
p awoke1 z f a nightm>e1 to f9d ! old   
life swept away =ev]4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 !      
,conf$]ates1 bitt] & sull51 grop+ amid !
 ru9s ( _! in/itutions1 s\ght to f9d "s 
sub/itute = ! agricultural despotism    
ex]cis$ = g5]ations by _! slavehold+    
families4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 ! fir/ families ( !
 ,revolution1 secure 9 _! preem95ce1    
assum$ aga9 ! manufactur+-bank+-social  
pre/ige4 ,! f> ,we/ 0 /ill almo/ unkn[n1
 & rema9$ 9 possession ( ! buffalo & !  
,indian4 ,settl]s p\r$1 9 increas+      
numb]s on to ! unappropriat$ l&s /ill   

left 9 ! /ates ( ! c5tral ,we/1 & ! c5t]
 ( political p[] %ift$ rapidly to ?is   
f]tile region4  ,already m5 ( ke5       
insight =esaw a "t :5 oil1 timb]1 coal1 
& iron mu/ become ! /ay ( a va/ly exp&+ 
indu/rial sy/em1 & b5t _! en]gies to    
secure ! *ief s\rces ( supply4 ,f !     
nature ( _! "w ! m5 :o built railways   
fir/ became aw>e ( ! ri*es ( nature1 &  
aid$ by an enorm\s public sympa?y ) _!  
ef=ts1 monopoliz$ all ! natural         
opportunities ( value4 ,c\pl$ )         
indu/rial developm5t 0 ! gradual        
appropriation ( ! l&4 ,! "t soon arriv$ 
:5 ! late com]s ei!r /ay$ 9 !           
manufactur+ c5t]s at ! railways t]m9als 
or 7 pu%$ f>!r & f>!r away f ! c5t]s4 ,z
 ! l&[n+ families multipli$1 ! "y m5 7  
conf9$ to ! same *oice4 ,=c$ (f ! l&1 ! 
t5d5cy has be5 to cr[d ! bra9ie/ blood (
 ,am]ica into ! cities4 ,9 addition1 !  
competition ( ! new ,we/]n l&s1 br\ght  
into use by railway developm5t1 has     
exil$ ! y\? ( ,new ,engl&1 :o f\nd 9 _! 
rocky acres no inc5tive to toil4 ,!y1   

too1 jo9$ ! ev]-increas+ fl[ to !       
cities1 & ent]$ into ! savage           
competition ( our great t[ns4  ,9 our "t
 ! p5dulum has swung to its extreme4 ,at
 e depression ( bus9ess1 armies ( !     
unemploy$ p]i% 9 sight ( ! l& !y ab&on$ 
9 ! hope ( a bright] future4 ,_! *ildr5 
h =gott5 ! traditions ( ! soil1 & !     
en]gies ( our p mu/ n[ be conc5trat$ to 
rev]se ! aimless tide ( human suff]]s1  
:i* "u /ress cont9ues to fl[ city-w>d1 &
 to s5d x to repeople ! sil5t places    
:5ce x came4 ,! fight w n be easily won4
 ,*anges 9 ! national l& policy are     
imp]ative4 ,to give "o g5]ation         
privileges :i* enslave all :o succe$ x1 
is intol]able & w n be p]man5tly endur$4
  ,x is easy to det]m9e ^u a policy 9 ! 
quiet ( ! /udy2 diff]5t is ! problem (  
apply+ a compreh5sive s*eme to repeople 
! idle l&4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :]e is !    
idle l&8 ,9 all p>ts ( our c\ntry x     
exi/s 9 abundance4 ,almo/ e /ate 9 !    
,union has l&s :i* ei!r h nev] be5      
ali5at$1 or :i* h rev]t$ to ! /ate ?r\gh

 nonpaym5t ( taxes4 ,9 ! ,ea/1          
p>ticul>ly1 ! competition ( ,we/]n l&s1 
aid$ by discrim9at+ freight rates1 n[ s 
notori\s1 has result$ 9 ! ab&onm5t to ! 
mortgagee ( va/ areas 9 ,new ,york1     
,connecticut1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,ma9e1 &  
to "s ext5t 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,^! are n[   
l>gely resold4  ,decl9+ f]tility &      
exorbitant & oppressive transportation  
*>ges h help$ to keep ^! l&s out ( use1 
& "s /ill lie idle & neglect$1 to excite
 ! wond] ( ! social & economic /ud5t4   
,to use ! ab&on$ l&s ( ! ,ea/1 equal    
rates on agricultural products is a     
basic necessity4  ,! fir/ /ep1 n[ well  
"u way1 is railroad control by !        
,gov]nm5t4 ,equal access to             
transportation is z ess5tial z equal    
access to l&1 = transportation is inde$ 
an attribute ( l&4  ,ext5d+ ! inquiry   
we/w>d1 ! coal & oil areas (            
,p5nsylvania & ,ohio are all controll$  
by a few h&s4 ,! orig9al f]tility ( !   
f>m+ areas ( ^! /ates1 toge!r ) ! fact t
 !y h be5 produc+ = only ab\t a c5tury1 

has enabl$ !m to hold _! own until      
rec5tly1 b n[ only ! be/ locat$ tracts  
are 9 maximum production1 & ?is c be    
ma9ta9$ only by ! mo/ advanc$           
agricultural sci5ce4 ,9 spite ( great]  
advantages1 ! cr[d$ cities & des]t$     
c\ntry di/ricts are beg9n+ to repeat 9 !
 f]tile alluvial valleys ( ! int]ior1 ! 
tragic /ory ( ! ,ea/4  ,9 ! ,mississippi
 valley1 conditions seem bett]4 ,values 
( f>m+ l&s are increas+ rapidly2 ! f>ms 
are ri* & gr[+ ri*]2 food products are  
*eap & abundant2 c]ta9 /aples are       
produc$ 9 enorm\s quantities & s5t to   
fe$ ! cities ( ! ,ea/ & ! indu/rial     
population ( ,europe4 ,! railroads      
transport ^! products ne>ly "o ?\s&     
miles = ! same prices z !y *>ge 9 ! ,ea/
 = transport+ !m "o hundr$ miles4       
,weal?1 activity1 & political p[]       
conc5trate at ! inlet & outlet ( !      
railway funnel1 leav+ va/ areas ( unus$ 
& unusable l& betwe5 ! t]m9als4 ,access 
to m>kets det]m9es value4 ,t is :y !    
favor$ l&s ( ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 ,kansas1   

,mi*igan1 & ,wiscons91 "o to two ?\s&   
miles f m>ket1 h ris5 9 value to z high 
z ?ree hundr$ doll>s p] acre1 & ! l&s ( 
,new ,engl&1 ,new ,york1 & ,new ,j]sey g
 begg+ at tw5ty to sixty doll>s p] acre1
 unless !y lie )9 ! artificial prosp]ity
 ( ! cities4  ,f>!r we/ 9 ! irrigat$    
regions ( ,colorado & ,utah1 re/rict$   
areas are held = special fruit crops1 at
 prices rang+ f ?ree hundr$ to two ?\s& 
doll>s & up1 p] acre4 ,b "h1 aga91      
monopoly1 n[ a monopoly ( natural       
opportunity1 is a factor 9 creat+       
prices2 on ?is1 h[ev]1 ! va/ irrigation 
projects ( ! gov]nm5t1 br++ into use    
l>g] & l>g] areas ( ^! favor$ l&s1 7    
expect$ to ex]cise a *eck4 ,up to #aiah 
little has be5 sold4 ,_! reclamation co/
 too mu*4  ,! will+ness ( ! ,s\!rn      
plant]s to sell _! l&s1 & s to release  
!m = int5sive cultivation1 has p>tly    
turn$ ! tide ( immigration f ! ,ea/]n   
ports to ! ,s\?1 & ! m>ket g>d5 sy/em is
 rea*+ increas+ areas4 ,! developm5t (  
factories to make cotton fabrics & to   

utilize ! =m]ly wa/$ cotton se$ by turn+
 x into meal = cattle & o!r animals1 z  
well z into ! v>i\s food products1 su* z
 cotton-se$ oil1 cottol5e1 etc41 has    
/imulat$ ! use ( ! wa/e l& ar\nd ^!     
budd+ factory c5t]s1 ?us t5d+ to        
enc\rage int5sive use ( small1          
well-locat$ tracts4  ,) a climate mu*   
mild] & m equable ?an t ( ! ,nor!rn     
/ates1 ) a pot5tial f]tility ( soil1    
equally great "u prop] managem5t1 ! ,s\?
 is mak+ great] /rides ?an any o!r "p ( 
! c\ntry4  ,! =ego+ %[s t 9 e section   
opportunities ( gett+ ! p to ! l& exi/4 
,:]e a man %\ld g is det]m9$ by a v>iety
 ( ?+s4 ,if he be a newly arriv$        
immigrant us$ to l& "w 9 ,s\!rn ,europe1
 he w\ld f9d 8 be/ *ance 9 ! ,s\?2 if a 
,g]man or ,russian1 or f any ( ! ,nor!rn
 ,european c\ntries1 he w\ld f9d !      
beet-sug> sections ( ,mi*igan ,colorado1
 or ,cali=nia m to 8 lik+2 if ,am]ican  
born1 )\t mu* k ( out-door "w1 & feel+ !
 ne$ ( social life1 ! *eap f>ms ( ,new  
,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 & ,new ,engl& w\ld  

probably be mo/ attractive4  ,_m p]sons 
write me t ,i say x is necess>y to get  
good l& ne> population or ) *eap &      
assur$ transportation facilities--& t x 
mu/ n co/ m ?an x is wor? = g>d5+4 ,i   
f9d1 !y say1 t su* acres are held z     
'lots' at wildly speculative prices & !y
 ask ,:]e c ,i f9d su* l&8 ,b ?is is a  
book on agricultural use ( l&4 ,:y l&   
co/s too mu* & :]e ! rem$y lies are o!r 
que/ions1 dealt ) 9 my ,?+s z ,!y ,are4 
,h[ev]1 probably ! be/ *ances n[ =      
int5sive cultivation are 9 ,new ,j]sey1 
9 ! backwoods ( ! ,middle /ates n[ made 
accessible by *eap autos--& 9 ! ,s\?4   
,:at c be und]tak5 ) good prospects (   
success w be outl9$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s4  
,,*apt] ,,iii  ,,h[ ,,to ,,buy ,,! ,,f>m
   ,be=e ! pur*ase ( ! l& = a home 9 !  
c\ntry1 "s consid]ation ought to be giv5
 to probable increase 9 l& values4 ,ev5 
if y are prim>ily int]e/$ 9 y\r e>ly    
sales ( produce1 y w n object to reap+  
an additional pr(it f ! pres5ce ( o!r p4
  ,inasmu* z d5sity ( population        

det]m9es l& values1 x foll[s t vacant l&
 ne> a l>ge city at #ajj p] acre may be 
*eap] ?an simil> l& at a di/ance w\ld be
 at #aj p] acre4 ,if y buy real e/ate1 y
 become a sil5t p>tn] :o does no?+1 b   
takes mo/ ( ! pr(its ( ! bus9ess ( o!rs4
  ,"s p]sons see s cle>ly t money is (t5
 easily gott5 by inve/+ 9 l&1 t         
sometimes !y make mi/akes1 9 try+ to get
 94 ,x is z easy to be a lamb 9 ! real  
e/ate m>ket z x is 9 ! /ock m>ket4      
,=esight1 judgm5t1 & exp]i5ce or luck   
are ess5tial to success 9 real e/ate    
deal+1 b help1 at lea/ 9 keep+ out (    
dang]1 may be _h by foll[+ a few simple 
rules1 if "o c comm& a little capital1  
borr[$ or own$4  ,! foll[+ po9ts1       
sugge/$ by a pr(essional l& %>k1 w      
c]ta9ly be ( int]e/ & possibly ( pr(it  
to ! int5d+ buy]4 ,i believe myself t !y
 conta9 ! :ole philosophy ( l&          
speculation4  ,= a sure pr(it buy       
l[-pric$ l&1 keep+ z ne> ! raw mat]ial z
 possible2 high-pric$ prop]ty is risky &
 exp5sive to c>ry4 ,an acre :i* co/s "o 

or two hundr$ doll>s1 or t5 doll>s p]   
lot1 w co/ b six to twelve doll>s p] ye>
 to c>ry & half a doll> = taxes1 & if a 
/able does come next y1 :y1 y c sell y\r
 l& = a blacksmi? %op4  ,besides ?is1 a 
t5-doll> lot1 if re/rict$ = resid5ce or 
available = bus9ess1 (t5 advances to    
#ajj 9 a ye>2 "o good h\se :i* "s "o    
else built ne> x may raise its value t  
mu*4  ,if ! l& is high pric$1 see t !re 
is "s k9d ( a build+ on x2 ev5 a %anty w
 usually br+ 9 en\gh or save y en\gh by 
its use to pay ! taxes2 s y w h t work+ 
= y :il/ y are away4  ,if possible1 buy 
at auction & ( reputable p :o are n     
boom]s1 or at lea/ buy at =c$ sale2 t is
 h[ real e/ate is sold :5 x mu/ be sold4
 ,*oose lots level ) ! curb & on high   
gr\nd1 le/ ! exp5se ( grad+ & sew]+ eat 
up y\r pr(it4  ,keep 9 m9d t 9 buy+ l& =
 speculation "o really buys !           
opportunity to tax o!r p1 by tak+ "p (  
_! e>n+s 9 ! %ape ( r5t or price4 ,d n  
!n be delud$ by boom s*emes 9           
inaccessible or desolate places2 *oose r

 t l& :i* 9 ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts o!rs
 mu/ h 9 ord] to "w or to live4  ,home  
buy+ 9 small communities is saf] ?an 9 !
 outskirts ( a l>ge city1 because public
 improvem5ts are mu* less co/ly4 ,if y  
put #ejj 9 a #ejjj home & c>ry ! balance
 on mortgage1 an assessm5t ( #ajjj =    
/reets or sew]s1 :i* helps ! vacant     
lots1 w probably put y out ( bus9ess4   
,:e!r = use or speculation1 buy 9 an    
e/abli%$ neighborhood or :]e !          
circum/ances & neighbors are su* t      
re/rictions or exp5ditures w make its "*
 sure4 ,! increase 9 y\r l& value dep5ds
 fir/ ^u ! pres5ce1 !n ^u ! ef=ts1 (    
o!rs2 x is by _! labor y hope to pr(it4 
,!re=e1 buy prop]ty on lead+ ?or\ghf>es2
 except 9 a v small section devot$ to ! 
resid5ce ( millionaires1 ! price (      
resid5ce prop]ty has a limit2 ev5 !re ! 
m]e/ accid5t or ! :im ( fa%ion may      
de/roy ! value1 b !re is no tell+ :at   
figure bus9ess prop]ty may rea*4  ,d n  
build unless y h to4 ,x is r>e t a      
build+ pays five p] c5t net on ! value (

 ! l& & ! co/ ( ! h\se4 ,:o buys a h\se 
already wr\ght1 gets _m a brick & nail =
 naught4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y c get a piece (  
gr\nd 9 a gr[+ neighborhood & live on x 
till y c sell at an advance1 t is !     
safe/1 & sure/ ( inve/m5ts4 ,x deliv]s y
 f ! p[] ( ! l&lord4  ,la/ly--9 real    
e/ate--don't bite (f m ?an y c *ew4     
,mo/ ( ^! rules apply to ! pur*ase (    
suburban l&4 ,9 f>m buy+1 keep z close  
to y\r m>ket z y c4 ,see t railway      
facilities are all "r2 get l& likely to 
be ne$$ = o!r purposes4 ,! be/ way to   
beg9 is by secur+ all in=mation possible
 f /ate agricultural dep>tm5ts4 ,write  
to ! indu/rial ag5ts ( important        
railroads trav]s+ ! section 9 :i* y want
 to locate4 ,!y h detail$ in=mation     
reg>d+ l&1 m>kets1 social conditions1   
etc42 get f ! ,unit$ ,/ates             
,agricultural ,dep>tm5t a map %[+ ! soil
 survey ( ! section ( y\r *oice4 ,x mu/ 
be borne 9 m9d t p]sonal aid is n to be 
expect$ f ,/ate ,agricultural           
,dep>tm5ts1 ,bureaus ( ,immigration1    

railway companies1 or any public ag5cy4 
,f ! big f>m ag5cies run = pr(it y c get
 li/s ( ?\s&s ( prop]ties = sale4 ,"s   
,/ate ,agricultural ,dep>tm5ts coop]ate 
) real e/ate m5 9 _! own /ates1 by      
ref]r+ inquiries = f>ms to !m4 ,"s /ates
 issue f "t to "t li/s ( ab&on$ f>ms1 b 
^! *ange s con/antly t !y help b little 
except 9 ! way ( sugge/ion4  ,:5 y />t  
f>m-hunt+ take along a good map4 ,!n y w
 "k a few ?+s on y\r own acc\nt4 ,v]ify 
railroad maps & facts1 z !y are (t5     
bias$4 ,don't wa/e y\r "t w&]+ ar\nd a  
/range locality by y\rself4 ,! local    
real e/ate man kn[s m ab\t 8 community  
?an y c le>n 9 five ye>s4 ,9 try+ to f9d
 out ?+s = y\rself y w wa/e 9 aimless   
j\rneys1 und]tak5 9 ignorance ( real    
conditions1 m "t & money ?an a real     
e/ate man's commission am\nts to4  ,!   
only way to =m a correct idea ( !       
production ( any giv5 section is to     
exam9e a p>ticul> f>m 9 detail4 ,)9     
well-recogniz$ limits1 all ! f>ms       
!reab\ts w be f\nd ( simil> "*4 ,be=e   

sp5d+ money to look at l&1 le>n all y c 
by correspond5ce4 ,:e!r x is m pr(itable
 9 ! long run to buy t good plot ( l& 9 
a high /ate ( cultivation ) good build+s
 on x1 at a high price1 ?an to buy ?is  
exhau/$ piece ( l& ) poor build+s or    
none at all1 is a "q = ! individual to  
decide4 ,x dep5ds on y\r en]gy1 grit1   
age1 & h[ mu* money y h4 ,x is mu* easi]
 to take advantage ( :at ! o!r fell[ has
 done1 ?an x is to build f ! /ump4 ,y   
mu/ be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t well kept l& 9 a
 high /ate ( cultivation seldom goes    
begg+ 9 ! m>ket4 ,on ! :ole1 if y h !   
capital to d x1 y c make ! bigge/ wages 
by buy+ r\gh or neglect$ l&1 & hew+ x   
into %ape4  ,if y h a k ( soils1 y may  
be able to f9d l& t w gr[ some?+ t no "o
 supposes x w gr[4 ,?is w be p>ticul>ly 
useful 9 ! case ( l& ?\ght to be        
valueless4 ,! l&s ab\t ,miles1 ,mi*igan1
 7 consid]$ /]ile until "s "o f\nd out t
 !y w\ld gr[ m9t1 a valuable crop1 :i*  
made ! l& salable at high prices4  ,get 
hold ( a desirable bit ( ! e>?4 ,all t  

m5 we> or eat or use2 ev]y?+--%elt]1    
food1 tools1 & toys comes f ! l& by     
labor4 ,ev5 ! capital us$ to make m ( ^?
 ?+s is tak5 f ! l&4 ,! employ] & !     
capitali/ are1 at bottom1 only m5 :o    
control ! l& or its products1 :o own    
rights ( way1 m9+ rights1 or ! fee (    
valuable l&s4 ,?\s&s h made money by    
f9d+ unexpect$ products 9 _! l& or ( _! 
l&s1 oil1 coal1 m9]al1 plants2 ?\s&s m  
because _! l& 0 ne$$ by "s "o else1 & !y
 7 paid to get out ( ! way4  ,to        
speculate on ^! *ances is risky bus9ess2
 to keep l& t enables y to make good pay
 :ile y wait1 is pr(itable4     ,,*apt] 
,,iv  ,,vacant ,,city ,,lot             
,,cultivation   ,9 ?is book1 necess>ily1
 we h to take mu* ^u ! reports ( o!rs1  
*eck+ !m by our own judgm5t & exp]i5ce4 
,! />tl+ acc\nts ( :at has be5 done & is
 be+ done on plots ( ab\t a qu>t] acre  
to ea* family1 h[ev]1 c be easily       
re-v]ifi$ by any "o :o w g or write to  
,philadelphia1 or exam9e any pres5t     
exp]im5t or model g>d5s4 ,^! %[ :at c be

 done ev5 by unskill$ labor1 ) h>dly any
 capital1 on small plots :]e ! soil 0   
poor1 b :i* are well situat$4  ,!       
directors say3 ,! fir/ ,vacant ,lot     
,cultivation ,associations 7 organiz$ :5
 relief ag5cies 7 va9ly /riv+ to provide
 adequate assi/ance = ! ho/ ( unemploy$4
 ,! cultivation ( vacant city lots by ! 
unemploy$ _h already be5 tri$           
successfully 9 o!r cities4 ,! fir/ ye>  
we provid$ g>d5s1 se$s1 tools1 &        
in/ruction only1 = ab\t "o hundr$       
families on tw5ty-sev5 acres ( gr\nd4   
,at a total co/ to contributors ( ab\t  
#ahjj1 our g>d5]s produc$ #df1jjj wor? (
 crops4  ,! applicant is all[$ a g>d5 on
 ! sole condition t he cultivate x well 
?r\gh ! season1 & t he d n trespass ^u 8
 neighbors4 ,he mu/ respect _! "r to :at
 _! labor produces4 ,a failure to obs]ve
 ^! rules =feits 8 privilege4  ,dur+    
tw5ty ye>s1 m ?an eight ?\s& families h 
be5 assi/$1 _m old p :o c\ld no long]   
keep up ! rapid pace ( our indu/rial    
life1 cripples ^: physical condition    

held !m back 9 ! race = "w1 p]sons :o on
 acc\nt ( sickness or o!r mis=tunes h   
be5 ?r[n out ( ! competition 9 mod]n    
bus9ess1 & un=tunate be+s :o1 ?\gh cle> 
9 m9d & /rong 9 muscle1 h be5 =c$ to !  
ranks ( ! unemploy$--^! h all _h an     
opportunity op5$ to !m3 opportunity to  
enjoy all ( ! fruits f nature's great   
/oreh\se :i* _! own labor & skill might 
secure4  ,! w> has =c$ ,france1 ,italy1 
& ,engl& simil>ly to utilize natural    
opportunities = subsi/5ce 9 _! enorm\s  
tracts ( unproductive l&s4 ,9 ,mexico   
all proprietors w be requir$ to         
designate :at !y propose to cultivate & 
! rema9d] w ei!r be allott$ tempor>ily =
 agricultural purposes to ^? desir+ !m  
or x w be cultivat$ "u gov]nm5t         
managem5t4 ,!re is no rem$y l t =       
pov]ty4  ,! fir/ man :o appli$ = a      
vacant lot g>d5 came to ! ,philadelphia 
(fice aft] ! ann\ncem5t 9 ! pap]s1 s    
weak & emaciat$ t ! doctor 0 afraid !   
poor fell[ w\ld be unable to get out ( 8
 (fice )\t assi/ance4 ,he 0 a wid[] )   

?ree girls & a boy1 ! olde/ girl ab\t   
sev5te54  ,he receiv$ a g>d5 :i* conta9$
 only ab\t "o fif? ( an acre4 ,lat] he  
obs]v$ t a "p ( ano!r little f>m 0 left 
unt\*$ on acc\nt ( be+ v r\gh1 full (   
holes1 & cov]$ ) /one & bricks4 ,"p (   
?is f>m 0 bel[ ! /reet grade & subject  
to ov]fl[1 b x 0 l>g] ?an ! o!rs--n9e   
t5?s ( an acre4 ,he (f]$ to ex*ange1    
say+ he did n m9d ! extra "w4  ,8 (f] 0 
accept$4 ,9 a few days ! /ones & bricks 
_h be5 ?r[n into ! holes & cov]$ ) dirt4
 ,! l[ places _h be5 fill$ 94 ,x 0 a "w 
9 :i* ! :ole family jo9$4 ,a small h\se 
0 r5t$ 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood 9 lieu 
( _! "o room ne> ! f\l alleys ( ! city  
slum4  ,e in* ( ! soil 0 utiliz$4 ,a    
rosy hue took ! place ( ! pale1 wan *eek
 ( a few mon?s be=e4 ,& n[ ! h>ve/ has  
come1 & ! w9t]'s /ore c be enum]at$4    
,?irty bu%els ( potatoes1 f\r bu%els (  
turnips1 "o bu%el ( c>rots1 ?irty       
gallons ( sau]kraut1 fifte5 gallons (   
catsup1 five gallons ( pickl$ beans1 "o 
hundr$ qu>ts ( cann$ tomatoes1 fifty    

qu>ts ( cann$ corn1 tw5ty qu>ts ( beans1
 "o ?\s& or m f9e cel]y /alks1 & _m o!r 
?+s4 ,w>m clo?+ has replac$ ! badly worn
 g>m5ts ( n9e mon?s ago4 ,a few pieces (
 furniture h be5 add$4 ,! boy has be5   
provid$ ) a small capital = 8 little    
bus9ess4 7,vacant ,lot ,cultivation1    
,repr9t f ,n4 ,y4 ,*>ities ,review47    
,bett] labor w\ld ( c\rse get ev5 bett] 
results4  ,! p]sonal b5efits t h come to
 a few individual cases1 are l>gely !   
same t all ! g>d5]s enjoy$ 9 ,new ,york 
& else:]e4  ,an old color$ woman--a     
gr&mo!r--:o _h j be5 releas$ f "o ( !   
hospitals :]e %e _h be5 treat$ = a long 
"t = pleurisy1 ask$ = a g>d54 ,x 0 m ?an
 a mile to ! ne>e/ plot1 b %e 0 q will+ 
to g ev5 t di/ance if %e c\ld get a     
g>d54 ,at fir/1 ow+ to h] weak5$        
condition1 %e 0 =c$ to "w sl[ly & = %ort
 p]iods only1 b a little assi/ance      
enabl$ h] to get a g>d5 />t$4 ,! "w     
proce$$ s well t m l& 0 add$ to h] small
 hold+1 & mo/ ( h] wak+ h\rs 7 n[ sp5t  
ei!r 9 or ne> ! g>d51 work+ among ! t5d]

 plants or wat*+ !m gr[4 ,be=e ! season 
0 half sp5t %e _h develop$ "o ( ! be/   
g>d5s 9 ! :ole plot4 ,h] surplus produce
 became s l>ge t %e _h to devote mo/ (  
h] "t to ga!r+ & sell+ x4 ,f9ally %e    
r5t$ a small %$ on a prom95t /reet &    
pass]s-by (t5 /opp$1 & regul> cu/om]s   
came to buy ! fre%ly ga!r$ produce1 !   
supply be+ n only abundant1 b ( great   
v>iety4  ,"o ( ! be/ g>d5s1 f ! /&po9t (
 value ( produce z well z = ! v>ieties (
 products x conta9$ & ! arti/ic         
arrangem5t1 0 work$ by a man :o _h b "o 
arm4 ,_m o!r successful & pr(itable     
g>d5s 7 cultivat$ by m5 & wom5 ( an age 
:5 we g5]ally expect !m to dep5d        
entirely ^u o!rs = support4  ,_m        
incid5ts 7 f\nd :]e su* habits z dr9k+ &
 loaf+ ar\nd saloons & clubs & abus+ !  
family h be5 *eck$ on acc\nt ( ! g>d5]'s
 "t & att5tion be+ occupi$ 9 ! little   
f>m4  ,"o ( ! work]s came = "w 9 a      
condition ( m9d & body :i* r5d]$ 8      
s]vices almo/ wor?less4 ,he 0 sc>cely   
able to c>ry on 8 "w = a m9ute beyond   

:at he 0 %[n4 ,ea* new move _h to be    
expla9$ con/antly1 & ev5 !n he 0 (t5    
f\nd do+ ! "w 9 ! wrong way only a few  
m9utes aft]w>ds4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 he  
began to see t 8 place _h its           
responsibilities & t ! "w ( ,"m ,nature 
dep5d$ on 8 do+ 8 "p & do+ x well4 ,by !
 "t ! crops 7 ready to ga!r & m>ket he  
came to realize t ! co/ ( production mu/
 come "u ! am\nt receiv$ f ! sale ( !   
produce s z to prev5t loss4 ,by ! end ( 
! season he _h le>n$ s to utilize 8 "t &
 to organize 8 "w & execute our plans t 
we 7 able to recomm5d him to a f>m] :o 0
 look+ = a h&y man ab\t ! place4  ,9    
tw5ty ye>s our ,associations h made     
demon/rations ( ! foll[+ facts1 ea*     
demon/ration prov+ m cle>ly ?an ! =m]   
ones3  ,fir/4 ,t _m p out ( employm5t   
mu/ h help ( "s k9d4  ,second4 ,t a     
great majority ( !m pref] self-help1 &  
_m w take no o!r4 ,ne>ly all are able & 
will+ to improve any opportunities op5  
to !m4  ,?ird4 ,t to op5 opportunities  
to !m does n paup]ize or degrade1 b has 

! opposite effect ( elevat+ & ennobl+4  
,x quickly e/abli%es self-respect &     
self-confid5ce4 ,! be/ & mo/ effective  
way ( help+ p 9 ne$ is to op5 a way     
:]eby !y may help !mselves4 ,! mo/      
effective *>ity is opportunity          
accompani$ ) k9dly advice & a p]sonal   
int]e/ 9 ^? less =tunate ?an ourselves4 
,f\r?4 ,t ! (f]+ ( g>d5s to ! unemploy$ 
) prop] sup]vision & "s assi/ance by    
provid+ se$s1 f]tiliz]s1 & pl[+         
accompani$ ) in/ruction1 is ! *eape/ &  
easie/ way ( op5+ opportunities yet     
devis$4  ,fif?4 ,t x possesses _m       
advantages 9 addition to provid+        
pr(itable employm5t2 among o!rs1 t !    
work] mu/ come out into ! op5 air &     
sun%9e2 mu/ ex]cise1 & put =?           
ex]tion1--all ( :i* are conducive to    
heal?1 &1 mo/ important ( all1 he kn[s t
 all he raises is to be 8 own4 ,?is is !
 greate/ inc5tive to indu/ry4  ,!       
,vacant ,lot ,cultivation sy/em is a    
s*ool :]e9 g>d5]s are taught a trade 7to
 mo/ ( !m a new trade71 f>m+1 :i* (f]s  

employm5t = m p ?an all ! o!r trades &  
pr(essions comb9$3 a trade susceptible (
 wide div]sification & (f]+ _m fields = 
specializ+4 ,b little capital is        
requir$2 any o!r field w\ld require l>ge
 outlay4 ,its greate/ advantage1 h[ev]1 
is t ! idle m5 & ! idle l& are already  
close to ea* o!r--! m5 c rea* _! g>d5s  
)\t *ang+ _! domiciles or be+ sep>at$ f 
_! families4  ,x 0 n until aft] sev]al  
ye>s t ! full effect ( ! "w 0 realiz$4  
,a few g>d5]s ea* ye> f ! beg9n+ h1 aft]
 "o or two ye>s' exp]i5ce1 tak5 small   
f>ms or plots ( l& to cultivate on _!   
own acc\nt1 or h s\ght employm5t on f>ms
 ne> ! city2 b ! numb] is q small comp>$
 to ! :ole numb] help$4 ,n[ m ?an t5 p] 
c5t ( ^? t _h g>d5s previ\sly h = ! la/ 
two ye>s be5 work+ on _! own acc\nt4    
,out ( ne>ly eight hundr$ g>d5]s1 m ?an 
eighty-five ei!r r5t$ or secur$ ! loan (
 g>d5s t season & cultivat$ !m :olly at 
_! own exp5se1 & _m o!rs w\ld h done s  
_h suitable l& be5 available4 ,! numb] (
 g>d5s =feit$ on acc\nt ( poor          

cultivation or trespass+ 0 only two out 
( #hjj plots giv5 out4  ,! fir/         
important advance 0 e>ly 9 ! spr+ (     
#aijd1 :5 x became kn[n t a l>ge tract (
 l& t _h be5 9 g>d5s = sev]al ye>s w\ld 
be )drawn f use4 ,a numb] ( ! g>d5]s    
came toge!r to talk ov] ! situation4 ,"o
 propos$ t !y =m a club to lease a tract
 ( l& & divide x up among !mselves4 ,!  
plan 0 readily agre$ to1 & a n9e-acre   
tract on ,lansd[ne ,av5ue 0 r5t$ at #ae 
p] acre p] annum4 ,"s sixte5 families   
became int]e/$' & ,mr4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r[e1 :o 
_h be5 "o ( ! mo/ successful g>d5]s1    
became manag] ,!y _h ! l& ?or\ghly      
f]tiliz$ & pl[$1 & !n subdivid$4 ,"s    
took sep>ate allotm5ts1 z "u ! ,vacant  
,lot ,association's plan1 & o!rs work$ =
 ! manag] at an agre$ rate ( wages p]   
h\r4 ,! :ole n9e acres 7 ?or\ghly well  
cultivat$1 & a magnific5t crop h>ve/$4  
,z soon z !re 0 produce = sale1 a m>ket 
0 e/abli%$ on ! gr\nd & a regul> deliv]y
 sy/em organiz$ :i* lat] attract$ mu*   
att5tion4 ,x 0 c>ri$ on by ! *ildr51 (  

n9e to twelve ye>s ( age1 f ! v>i\s     
families4 ,ea* *ild 0 provid$ ) a       
pu%c>t4 ,!re 7 _m & v>i\s /yles1 made f 
little express wagons1 baby coa*es1 &   
produce boxes4  ,! *ildr5 built up _!   
own r\tes1 & w5t regul>ly to _! cu/om]s 
= ord]s4 ,!y made up ! ord]s1 load$ !m  
into _! little pu%c>ts1 *>g$ !mselves up
 ) ! sep>ate am\nts 9 a small book1 & at
 ! end ( ea* day's sales ea* *ild settl$
 ) ! manag] & 0 paid 8 commission 7tw5ty
 p] c5t ( ! receipts7 9 ca%4 ,^! little 
salesm5 & salesgirls (t5 took home f\r  
to five doll>s p] week & yet nev] work$ 
m ?an ?ree to five h\rs p] day4 ,! "w 0 
done "u su* circum/ances t to !m x 0 n  
"w b play4 ,y c get ! full report f !   
,philadelphia ,vacant ,lot ,cultivation 
,associations4 ,x's int]e/+4  ,! greate/
 value t our little g>d5 has br\ght u1  
said a ,fr5* woman1 "m ( a goodly numb] 
( r small *ildr51 has n be5 9 ! f9e     
vegetables x has yield$ all summ]1 or ! 
good times t ,i & ! *ildr5 h _h 9 ! op5 
air1 b 9 ! glasses ( be] & abs9! t my   

husb& hasn't tak54 ,q "r1 "m1 q "r1 came
 f a man ne> by4 ,! _w c nev] "k ! evil 
we m5 don't d :ile we are busy 9 our    
little g>d5s4  ,fur!r1 pillage ( crops1 
:i* 0 always urg$ z an objection to     
rais+ fruits or truck on op5 gr\nds1 has
 prov$ to be a baseless fe>4 ,:]e any ( 
! g>d5]s are all[$ to camp or put up    
%acks on ! pat*es1 !ft does n occur &   
v>i\s sup]9t5d5ts repeat t ! few &      
trivial cases ( /eal+ f vacant lot plots
 or s*ool g>d5s 7 almo/ all at ! places 
t 7 f5c$4  ,p]haps our locks & bolts t5d
 to sugge/ break+ 94  ,! ,g>d5 ,prim]   
issu$ by ! ,new ,york ,city ,food       
,supply ,committee gives simple b       
incomplete directions = plant+ & t5d+ a 
vegetable g>d54 ,= ^? :o ne$ t sort (   
?+1 ^! are j ! sort ( ?+ !y ne$4 ,!y w  
be useful if y d n foll[ !m4 ,! ,prim]  
tells y h[ to get "s k9d ( p>snips1 *>d1
 sp9a*1 common onions1 radi%es1 cabbage1
 lettuce1 beets1 tomatoes1 beans1       
turnips1 peas1 pepp]s1 egg plants1      
cucumb]s1 corn1 & potatoes4  ,don't gr[ 

^! ?+s1 unless x be = y\r own imm$iate  
use4 ,e "o gr[s !m & rip5s !m all at !  
same "t4 ,9 _m places ^! are giv5 away  
or ?r[n away ?is ye>4 ,gr[ any?+ t e "o 
wants & has n got1 l okra1 small fruits1
 etc42 y c get a mu* bett] return 9 ca% 
or 9 trade ?an by sp5d+ y\r "t l o!r    
folks :o d n ?9k4  ,s ,i ref] to ^!     
directions = _! in/ruction1 & = y\r w>n+
 ,h[ev]1 !y give ! foll[+ admirable     
injunctions4  ,help ,y\r ,c\ntry &      
,y\rself by ,rais+ ,y\r ,own            
,vegetables4  ,z we w likely h to s5d to
 ,europe 9 com+ ye>s z mu* or ev5 m food
 ?an we did la/ ye>1 !re is only "o way 
to avoid a %ortage among our own p1 t is
 by rais+ a great deal m ?an usual4 ,to 
d ?is we mu/ plant e bit ( available l&4
 7,( c\rse1 we c't2 ! own]s won't let u4
 ,ed47  ,if y h a back y>d1 y c d y\r "p
 & help ! _w & y\rself by rais+ "s ( !  
food y eat4 ,! m y raise ! less y w h to
 buy1 & ! m !re w be left = "s ( y\r    
fell[ c\ntrym5 :o h n an in* ( gr\nd on 
:i* to raise any?+4  ,if !re is a vacant

 lot 9 y\r neighborhood1 see if y _c get
 ! use ( x = y\rself & y\r neighbors1 & 
raise y\r own vegetables4 ,an h\r a day 
sp5t 9 ?is way w n only increase weal? &
 help y\r family1 b w help y p]sonally  
by add+ to y\r /r5g? & well-be+ & mak+ y
 appreciate ! ,ed5 joy ( g>d5+4 ,an h\r 
9 ! op5 air is wor? m ?an a doz5        
exp5sive prescriptions by an exp5sive   
doctor4  ,! only tools necess>y = a     
small g>d5 are a spade or spad+ =k1 a   
hoe1 a rake1 & a l9e or piece ( cord4   
,fir/ ( all1 cle> ! gr\nd ( all rubbi%1 
/icks1 /ones1 bottles1 etc4 7especially 
:isky bottles74  ,*oose ! sunnie/ spot 9
 ! y>d = y\r g>d54  ,dig up ! soil to a 
dep? ( #f to #aj in*es1 us+ a spade or  
spad+ =k4 7,deep] = p>snips & "s o!r    
roots4 ,ed47 ,break up all ! lumps ) !  
spade or =k4  ,if y live 9 a section :]e
 y\r neighbors h g>d5s1 y might club    
toge!r to hire a team/] = a day to d !  
pl[+ & h>r[+ = y all1 ?us sav+ a l>ge   
am\nt ( labor4  ,aft] y\r g>d5 has be5  
well dug1 x mu/ be f]tiliz$ be=e any    

plant+ is done4 ,9 ord] to produce l>ge 
& well-gr[n crops x is (t5 necess>y to  
f]tilize be=e ea* plant+4 ,v good prep>$
 f]tiliz]s c be b\ght at se$ /ores1 b   
horse or c[ manure is mu* bett]1 z x    
light5s ! soil 9 addition to supply+    
plant food4 ,use /reet sweep+s if y c   
get !m4  ,! manure %\ld be well dug into
 ! gr\nd1 at lea/ to ! full dep? ( ! top
 soil4 ,! gr\nd %\ld !n be ?or\ghly     
rak$1 z se$s mu/ be s[n 9 soil :i* has  
be5 f9ely p[d]$4  ,lay out ! g>d51 keep+
 ! r[s /raight ) a l9e4 ,/raight r[s are
 practically a necessity1 n only = easi]
 culture b = economy 9 space4  ,aft] y h
 m>k$ all ( y\r r[s1 ! next /ep is op5+ 
! furr[4 7,a furr[ is a %all[ tr5*47 ,t 
is done ) ! hoe4 7,be/ & quicke/ ) a    
:eel hoe4 ,ed47 ,aft] ! furr[ is op5$1 x
 is necess>y t ! se$ be s[n & imm$iately
 cov]$ be=e ! soil has dri$ ,9 cov]+ !  
se$s ! soil mu/ be firmly press$ d[n ) !
 foot4 ,?is is important4  ,9 buy+ se$ x
 is be/ to g to "s well-e/abli%$ se$    
h\se1 or1 if t c't be done1 to ord] by  

mail r ?an to take ne$less *ances4 ,)   
mo/ k9ds ( se$s a package is suffici5t =
 a tw5ty-foot r[4  ,beg9 to break up !  
h>d surface ( ! soil betwe5 ! plants    
soon aft] !y appe>1 us+ a h& cultivator 
or hoe1 & keep x loose ?r\gh\t ! season4
 ,?is kills we$s2 x lets 9 air to !     
plant roots & keeps ! moi/ure 9 ! gr\nd4
  ,by con/antly /irr+ ! top soil aft]   
y\r plants appe>1 ! necessity ( wat]+ c 
be l>gely avoid$ except 9 v dry wea!r4  
,an occasional soak+ ( ! soil is bett]  
?an frequ5t spr9kl+4 ,wat] y\r g>d5 ei!r
 v e>ly 9 ! morn+ or aft] sund[n4 ,x is 
bett] n to wat] :5 ! sun is %9+ hot4  ,!
 plant+ s*eme c be alt]$ to suit y\r    
individual ta/e4 ,= in/ance1 peas &     
cabbage are includ$ because almo/       
ev]ybody likes to h !m fre% f _! g>d52 b
 !y occupy m space 9 proportion to _!   
value ?an beets & c>rots4 ,!re=e a small
 g>d5 c\ld be made m pr(itable by omitt+
 !m altoge!r1 or cutt+ !m d[n 9 am\nt & 
increas+ ! am\nt ( c>rots1 beets1 &     
turnips plant$2 or any ( ! vegetables   

m5tion$ :i* may n be 9 favor ) ! family 
c be left out4  ,! k9d ( season we h    
w\ld *ange ! date ( plant+4 ,9 rais+    
vegetables1 z 9 ev]y?+ else1 "o %\ld use
 "o's common 7or g>d5 v>iety (7 s5se4 ,a
 good rule is to wait until ! gr\nd has 
w>m$ up a bit4 ,nev] try to "w 9 soil   
wet en\gh to be /icky1 or muddy2 wait   
until x dries en\gh to crumble readily4 
,g>d5+ is n a rule ( ?umb bus9ess4 ,ea* 
g>d5] mu/ br+ 8 plants up 9 8 own way 9 
! light ( 8 own exp]i5ce & 9 accordance 
) ! conditions ( 8 own g>d54 ,a g>d5    
lov] :o has a bit ( l& w spe$ily le>n if
 8 eyes & 8 m9d1 z well z 8 h&s1 are    
always busy1 no matt] h[ meag] 8 k at ! 
beg9n+4  ,!re is pl5ty ( l&--if y c only
 get x4  ,says ,c>l ,vrooman1 ,assi/ant 
,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 9 reg>d to !  
food problem3  ,millions ( acres ( f>m  
l& are be+ held out ( use & o!r millions
 ( acres are be+ cultivat$ on a wa/eful 
& ineffici5t basis4 ,l& values h ris5 at
 an unprec$5t$ rate4 ,!y are bas$ n ^u  
:at ! f>m w e>n at ! pres5t "t1 b on an 

expectancy ( :at x w be wor? 9 ! future4
 ,! f>m]'s son or ! t5ant f>m]1 ) little
 or no capital1 _c hope to acquire      
possession ( a f>m w h5 ! price ( l& is 
,,s high t 8 e>n+s w\ld n pay ! int]e/  
on ! inve/m5t4 ,! result is t l& rema9s 
idle or 9 ! h&s ( t5ants1 & ?\s&s (     
f>m]s' boys des]t ! c\ntry = ! city4  4 
4 4 4 ,:at we ne$1 & ne$ badly1 is a    
program ( taxation :i*1 )\t ?r[+        
additional burd5s on ! bona fide f>m]1 w
 place l& n[ idle )9 ! rea* ( m5 (      
limit$ means :o possess ! ambition & !  
ability to cultivate x4  ,y c see t poor
 ignorant p1 wom51 boys1 cripples1 old  
m51 (t5 on less ?an #ajj ,x #aej feet   
ea*1 n only 9 ,philadelphia1 b z w>     
g>d5]s 9 ,new ,york1 & mo/ o!r t[ns1 h  
be5 able to support !mselves by _! "w on
 ! l&4 ,y c d mu* bett]4  ,to be sure1  
!y _h valuable l& & (t5 se$s free1 b =  
su* little pieces ( l& ^! are small     
items1 & _m ( !m _h no c]ta9ty ( hav+ ! 
l& ev5 = a second ye>1 consequ5tly !y   
c\ld n h hotb$s or any p]man5t          

improvem5t4 ,y c make all ^! ?+s4  ,!n  
:at c y d8 ,only rememb] !y _h          
intellig5t in/ruction & did ! "w        
!mselves1 & got ! :ole product2 (t5 !   
*ildr5 help$--!y ?\ght x fun4 ,x does n 
pay to f>m a small piece ( l& :]e all ! 
work]s h to be hir$4 ,nor does x pay if 
"o calculates m]ely to /ick 9 se$s ) "o 
h& & pull out pr(its ) ! o!r4           
,,*apt] ,v  ,,results ,,to ,,be         
,,expect$4   ,if we get e "o out on !   
f>ms1 !n !re w be an ov]-production (   
f>m products & a fall 9 prices4  ,true1 
b !re are f>m]s :o c\ld d bett] 9 t[ns2 
:at we want to d is to make x easy = p  
to get on ! l& ab\t ! cities1 !n x w\ld 
be equally easy = ^? f>m]s :o are bett] 
adapt$ = city life to get ne> ! cities4 
,"u pres5t conditions1 :]e ! work] is   
=c$ out fifte5 or tw5ty miles f ! t[n by
 ! high price ( l& & ! l>ge am\nt ( l&  
requir$1 ! f>m] is z mu* cut (f f ! city
 z ! city dwell] is cut (f f rural life4
  ,we ne$ n be afraid to tea* m5 bett]  
ways2 !re w always be pl5ty too /upid or

 too old or too isolat$ to le>n2 ^! w   
rema9 a bulw>k aga9/ too sudd5 *ange4   
,dr4 ,engel1 =m] head ( ! ,prussian     
,/ati/ical ,bureau1 in=ms u t ,sci5tific
 f>m+ succe$s because a giv5 am\nt (    
ef=t1 :5 m intellig5tly direct$1        
produces great] results4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z
 ! am\nt ( food :i* ! _w c consume is   
limit$1 ! small] w be ! numb] ( f>m]s   
requir$ to produce ! ne$$ supply1 & !   
l>g] w be ! numb] driv5 f ! c\ntry to ! 
city4 ,x has already be5 obs]v$ t if #cd
 sci5tific me?ods 7 univ]sally adopt$ 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 d\btless "o half ( ^?  
n[ engag$ 9 agriculture c\ld produce !  
pres5t crops1 :i* w\ld compel ! o!r half
 to ab&on ! f>m4 ,?is is ,engel's ,law4 
,?is argum5t assumes t we are n[ utiliz+
 all ! l& possible & t e "o is fully    
suppli$ ) food4 ,b :5 we consid] ! great
 masses ( p 9 ! slums ( all cities :o   
are always und]f$ & ^: con/ant ?\ght is 
ab\t _! next meal2 :5 we see hundr$s (  
able-bodi$ m5 wait+ 9 l9e until midnight
 = half a loaf ( /ale bread1 surely x   

seems t !re is a possibility ( keep+ all
 ( ! pres5t f>m]s at "w1 if n ( f9d+ new
 fields = o!rs1 if we make our          
conditions su* t !re w be opportunities 
= e able-bodi$ work] to labor at        
remun]ative employm5t4  ,pr(essor ,l4   
,h4 ,bailey1 a mo/ indu/ri\s & accurate 
obs]v]1 says3 ,dr4 ,engel's argum5t re/s
 on ! assumption t agriculture produces 
only or *iefly food2 b probably m ?an   
half ( ! agricultural products ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates is n food4 ,x is cotton1  
flax1 hemp1 wool1 hides1 timb]1 tobacco1
 dyes1 drugs1 fl[]s1 ornam5tal trees &  
plants1 horses1 pets1 & fancy /ock1 &   
hundr$s ( o!r non-edible commodities4 ,!
 total food produce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1  
accord+ to ! twelf? c5sus1 0 #a1hcg1jjj4
 ,! co/ ( mat]ial us$ 9 ! ?ree indu/ries
 ( textile1 lumb] & lea!r manufactories 
alone 0 #a1hea1jjj1jjj4  ,dr4 ,engel    
?9ks t ! outlay = subsi/5ce dim9i%es z  
income increases2 b com=ts & luxuries   
increase 9 intimate ratio ) ! income1 & 
! l>g] "p ( ^! come f ! f>m & =e/4 ,dr4 

,engel1 9 fact1 all[s ?is1 = he says t  
'sundries become great] z income        
increases4'  ,we h already abundance (  
in=mation ab\t almo/ e c\nty 9 ! ,union1
 publi%$ by ,bo>ds ( ,trade & l& boom]s1
 l ! foll[+ ab\t ,oxn>d1 ,v5tura ,c\nty1
 ! c5t] ( ! fam\s lima bean di/rict 9   
,cali=nia4 ,= a ye> ! returns f f>m     
products alone1 9 ?is vic9ity1 are      
e/imat$ at ov] #b1jjj1jjj4 ,! sug>      
factory1 :i* uses #bjjj tons ( beets e  
tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 requires ! yield ( ab\t 
#aijj acres e season4 ,! beet crop is   
rotat$ ) beans1 & ! factory's supply is 
kept good by sy/ematic me?ods4 ,two ?\s&
 head ( cattle are be+ fatt5$ at !      
pres5t "t 9 ! company's y>d on ! beet   
pulp4 ,mu* ( ! pulp is also sold to     
local /ockm51 :o value x highly = fe$4  
,! factory turns out #ejjj bags ( sug> e
 day4 ,& aga93  ,ea/]n f>m l&s /eadily  
decl9$ 9 price up to ab\t #aijb1 s t    
,ea/]n l& sold = less ?an ,we/]n l& ( ! 
same quality & ( l situation2 b ! tide  
seems at la/ to h turn$1 & mu* money is 

n[ be+ made 9 buy+ up *eap f>ms &       
especially 9 sub-divid+ !m = small      
cultivators4  ,t sort ( ?+ is int]e/+2 b
 x is n :at a man wants to "k--he is    
anxi\s to le>n h[ mu* he c make & :]e & 
h[ to d x4  ,! man :o seeks a com=table 
liv+ w d bett] to r5t on long lease or  
buy a few acres conv5i5t to trolley or  
railroad communication ) a city2 besides
 ! returns :i* w come to ! f>m] f ! use 
( a few acres1 if he is ! own] he w get 
a con/ant increase 9 ! value ( ! l&1 due
 to ! gr[? ( ! city4 ,if ! city gr[s out
 s t ! l& becomes too valuable to f>m1  
he w be well paid = leav+4  7,al?\gh    
progress is cont9ually =c+ labor]s back 
^u less desirable l&1 _! loss1 unless !y
 are ! own]s1 is ! l&[n]'s ga947  ,!    
am\nt ( product to be gr[n = "o's own   
use dep5ds on ! size ( ! family & its   
fondness = vegetables4  ,an area (      
#aej,x#ajj feet ab\t two fif?s ( an acre
 is g5]ally suffici5t to supply a family
 ( five p]sons ) vegetables1 n consid]+ 
! w9t] supply ( potatoes2 b ! acres mu/ 

be well till$ & h&l$4 7,bailey1         
,pr9ciples ( ,vegetable ,g>d5+47  ,!    
produce t c\ld ?us be obta9$ f an acre (
 l& well situat$ w\ld abundantly supply 
) ne>ly all ! vegetables nam$1 n9ete5   
families1 compris+ 9 all #aad           
individuals4  ,9 our g>d5 we mu/ "k :at 
we want & "k h[ to get x4  7,x is       
impossible to treat exhau/ively ( !     
v>i\s crops 9 a book ( ?is k9d4 ,on     
onion culture alone !re are f\r /&>d    
books1 besides sev5 or eight rec5t      
exp]im5tal /ation bullet9s4  ,9 a family
 g>d5 #ajj ,x #aej feet 7:i* equals six 
,new ,york ,city lots71 ! r[s runn+ !   
long way ( ! area1 eight or t5 feet may 
be res]v$ along "o side = asp>agus1     
rhub>b1 sweet h]bs1 fl[]s1 & possibly a 
few b]ry bu%es4 ,a /rip tw5ty feet wide 
may be res]v$ = v9es1 z melons1 cucumb]s
 & squa%es4 ,!re rema9s a /rip sev5ty   
feet wide1 or space = tw5ty r[s ?ree &  
"o half feat ap>t4 ,?is area is l>ge    
en\gh to all[ ( appreciable results 9   
rotation ( crops2 & i6 x is judici\sly  

manag$1 x %\ld ma9ta9 high productiv5ess
 = a lifetime4 7,bailey1 ,pr9ciples (   
,vegetable ,g>d5+477  ,! ?+s to be      
consid]$ 9 ! home g>d5 are3 7#a7 a      
suffici5t product to supply ! family2   
7#b7 cont9u\s succession ( crops2 7#c7  
ease & *eapness ( cultivation2 7#d7     
ma9t5ance ( ! productivity ( ! l& ye>   
aft] ye>4  ,! ease & effici5cy (        
cultivation are mu* enhanc$ if all crops
 are 9 long r[s1 to all[ ( :eel-tool    
tillage ei!r by horse or :eel-hoe4  ,!  
exp]i5ce ( ! ,vacant ,lot ,g>d5]s       
7,*apt] ,,iv7 %[s t if ! l& be ne> a    
l>ge m>ket :]e ! product c be p$dl$ or  
sold by ! produc]s or by ^? 7z 9 ,mr4   
,r[e's case71 ) :om he directly deals1 m
 ?an tw5ty-five doll>s capital is n     
necess>y1 b ,pet] ,h5d]son 7,g>d5+ =    
,pr(it7 e/imates t to get ! be/ results1
 #cjj capital p] acre is requir$ = any?+
 less ?an t5 acres4  ,:]e ! l& is       
favorably situat$ a =tune may be made 9 
cultivation ( a few acres--) bra9s4     
,qu9n says 7,money 9 ! ,g>d57 t he kn[s 

a l>ge numb] ( m>ket g>d5]s wor? f t5 to
 =ty ?\s& doll>s ea*1 none ( :om _h five
 hundr$ doll>s to beg9 )4  ,if "o has n 
en\gh money to get all t c be gott5 out 
( 8 plot1 x is be/ to put "p ( ! l& into
 clov] to fit x = lat] use or to use x =
 rais+ grass4  ,results und\bt$ly come f
 h>d "w2 b x is n necess>y1 9 ord] to   
cultivate a little l& successfully1 t y 
%\ld "w all day on y\r h&s & knees2 if y
 c raise fruit or nuts1 ?is is n ne$$ at
 all4  ,b = vegetables a c]ta9 am\nt ( x
 is necess>y--:5 !re is a l>ge job ( t  
k9d ( we$+ to be done1 y c hire         
,italians or o!r =eign]s to d x bett] & 
*eap] ?an y c d x y\rself4 ,^? :o w read
 ?is book c e>n m ) _! heads ?an _! h&s2
 b :5 we$+ is ne$$ aft] a sudd5 %[] &   
!re is no "o else1 y mu/ d "s ( x       
y\rself2 ! wea!r w n wait = y to get a  
man1 & if y are n will+ to d su* ?+s1   
y\r *ances ( success are greatly less5$4
  ,"h is ! exp]i5ce ( "o :o got a man3  
,my g>d51 to beg9 )1 0 9 ! mo/ rudim5t>y
 condition1 hav+ be5 all[$ to run to    

grass4 ,aft] digg+ up a spot ab\t t5    
feet squ>e 9 ! turf1 tak+ ! e>ly morn+ =
 ! "w1 ,i decid$ t x w\ld require all   
summ] to get ! g>d5 fairly spad$ up1 s  
,i hir$ a /alw>t ,iri%man to d ! "w =   
me1 :i* he did 9 a week1 *>g+ me n9e    
doll>s = ! job4 ,z he pr(ess$ to be also
 an exp]t 9 plant+ vegetables1 ,i b\ght 
a supply ( se$s 9 ! city & intru/$ !m to
 him1 assur+ myself t once 9 ! gr\nd !  
re/ ( ! "w w\ld fall to me2 if ,i c\ld n
 keep a g>d5 pat* fifty feet squ>e cle> 
( we$s1 ,i _h bett] ab&on ! bus9ess at  
once1 & all hopes ( mak+ a liv+ out (   
sci5tific g>d5+4 ,! beg9n+ 0 an         
un=tunate "o4 ,! wea!r happ5$ to be fir/
 v wet1 & !n s dry & hot t my vegetables
 7 unable to break _! way ?r\gh ! bak$  
e>?4 ,:5 my peas & beans /ill gave no   
signs aft] be+ 9 ! gr\nd = two weeks1 ,i
 discov]$ t ! :ole "w w\ld h to be done 
ov] aga94 ,a ,presid5tial campaign 0    
beg9n+1 :i* kept me 9 t[n (t5 late at   
night1 s t ! *ief labor ( ! g>d5 fell to
 my fai?ful ,iri%man1 :o got f> m       

satisfaction out ( x ?an ,i did4 ,!     
vegetables f9ally did come up above !   
surface1 & _m an ev5+ ,i f9i%$ a h>d    
day's "w by pump+ & c>ry+ hundr$s (     
gallons ( wat] to p\r ^u potato plants1 
tomatoes1 beans1 & o!r ?+s :i* a fri5d (
 m9e1 an exp]t 9 su* matt]s1 assur$ me 7
 curiosities ( mal=mation & backw>dness4
 ,my ,iri%man told me t x 0 all = want (
 manure1 & by 8 advice ,i b\ght six     
doll>s' wor? ( manure f a neighbor+     
/able1 & _h x spread ov] ! gr\nd4 ,!    
bills = my g>d5 7 mean:ile m\nt+ up4 ,i 
_h begun ! spr+ ) a g>d5 l$g]1 keep+ an 
accurate acc\nt ( e p5ny sp5t1 & hop+ to
 put on ! o!r side ( ! page a trem5d\s  
li/ ( f9e vegetables4 ,! acc\nts are    
be=e me n[1 & ,i presume t e "o :o has  
be5 ?r\gh ! same exp]i5ce has pres]v$ "s
 su* record4 7,naturally1 if he began t 
way47 7,lib]ty & a ,liv+1 by ,p4 ,g4    
,hub]t47  ,if y\r idea ( f>m+ is to bury
 "s se$s 9 untill$ gr\nd1 reg>dless (   
suitability1 & wait till !y come up1 y w
 wait 9 va9 = a dec5t crop4  ,says      

,pr(essor ,rob]ts 9 ! ,f>m/ead          
7,macmillan71 ,mu%rooms sell at fifty   
c5ts p] p\nd2 maize = "o half c5t p]    
p\nd4 ,:y8 ,because anybody1 ev5 a      
squaw1 c raise maize1 b only a specially
 skill$ g>d5] c succe$ 9 mu%room        
culture4  ,b en\gh has be5 said to %[ t 
y mu/ cultivate ) bra9s4 ,! ,g]mans say1
 ,:at y\r head won't d1 y\r legs h to4  
,we'll h a little f>m1   ,a pig1 a horse
 & c[   ,& y w drive ! wagon   ,:ile ,i 
drive ! pl[1  is v pretty4 ,! horse & ! 
pigs are practical1 if y c take c>e ( !m
 y\rself2 pigs are good f>m cat*-alls4  
,if y h to pay a man to d x1 y _h bett] 
hire y\r horses & buy y\r pork4  ,two   
well-groom$1 heal?y c[s1 "o calv+ 9 !   
spr+ & "o 9 ! autumn1 c be made a s\rce 
( pr(it1 & ( valuable manure1 if y h l& 
en\gh 9 a neighborhood :]e up-to-date   
p>5ts are will+ to pay t5 to tw5ty c5ts 
a qu>t = pure milk = _! infants or ev5 =
 family use4 ,b y\r l& & y\r own baby's 
c>e & milk w probably be en\gh = y to   
att5d to promptly & ?or\ghly e day--&   

night4  ,x is an age-old exp]i5ce t if  
we take c>e ( a little l&1 ! l& w take  
c>e ( u4 ,9 ,f]r]o's ,gr&ezza e         
,decad5za di ,roma is an int]e/+ acc\nt 
( ,m>cus ,t]5tius ,v>ro's ,de ,re       
,ru/ica4 ,v>ro wrote 9 ! ye> #cg ,b4,c41
 & z he 0 !n eighty ye>s old1 he _h se5 
! trans=mation ( ,italy f an            
agricultural to a manufactur+1 trad+    
community & ! accompany+ wreck ( ! old  
agricultural sy/em1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 he    
lam5ts4  ,! gr[? ( va/ l&$ e/ates l>gely
 held by imp]ial favorites1 z ,pl9y     
said1 de/roy$ ,italy4 ,s fe>ful has !   
de/ruction be5 t x is only 9 our        
g5]ation t ! ,campagna at ,rome1 :i* 0  
once an int5sely fruitful quilt ( g>d5  
pat*es1 has be5 reclaim$ f ! fev]-smitt5
 swamp to :i* va/ l&lordism _h r$uc$ x4 
,9 ! ?ird book ( ,de ,re ,ru/ica1 ,v>ro 
recomm5ds z 8 rem$y1 int5sive           
cultivation close to ! cities1 & ! bre$+
 ( fancy /ock1 includ+ pigeons' snails1 
peacocks1 de]1 & wild bo>s4  ,he tells  
h[ an aunt ( 8 made #fj1jjj se/]ces     

7#cjjj7 9 "o ye> by rais+ ?ru%es = !    
,roman m>ket1 at a "t :5 an excell5t f>m
 ( ab\t #bjj acres only yield$ #cj1jjj  
se/]ces p] annum4 ,he quotes ano!r case 
( "o :o made #dj1jjj se/]ces p] annum f 
a flock ( "o hundr$ peacocks1 by sell+ !
 eggs & ! "y4 ,^? old ,roman wom5 w]5't 
s sl[4  ,f]r>o calls ,v>ro's "w "o ( !  
mo/ important = ! hi/ory ( anci5t ,italy
 & says hi/orians h made a mi/ake 9 n   
read+ x4  ,at ! "t ( ! migration ( !    
b>b>ians 7#cej to #gej ,a4,d471 ! lot ( 
ea* able-bodi$ man 0 ab\t ?irty morg5   
7equal to tw5ty acres7 on av]age l&s1 on
 v good gr\nd only t5 to fifte5 morg5   
7equal to sev5 or t5 acres71 f\r morg5  
be+ equal to "o hect>e4 ,( ?is l&1 at   
lea/ a ?ird1 & sometimes a half1 0 left 
uncultivat$ ea* ye>4 ,! rema9d] ( !     
fifte5 to tw5ty morg5 suffic$ to fe$ &  
fatt5 into giants ! imm5se families ( ^!
 *ild-produc+ ,g]mans1 & ?is 9 spite ( !
 primitive te*nique1 :]eby at lea/ half 
! productive capacity ( a day 0 lo/4 7,f
 ,! ,/ate1 by ,franz ,opp5heim]1 p4     

#aa47  ,9 ! ,orange ,judd prize conte/1 
m]ely = ! cle>e/ acc\nt ( a g>d51 n =   
results at all1 a numb] ( ! conte/ants  
rais$ produce at ! rate ( #aej to #djj  
p] acre & ov]1 ev5 9 semi-arid regions2 
= in/ance1 ,l4 ,e4 ,burnham says t he   
rais$ on 8 fir/ g>d5 ( ab\t "o ?ird ( an
 acre 9 ea/]n ,massa*usetts1 g>d5 /uff  
:i* he sold to summ] cottag]s = #fa4fi4 
,?is took ab\t eight days' "w1 ne>ly all
 ) a :eel hoe4  ,rememb] ab\t ! pres5t  
increas$ & *ang+ prices & co/s8 ,at !   
pres5t writ+1 #aiag1 ! advances 9 co/s &
 prices w\ld probably av]age ab\t ?ree  
qu>t]s1 & ^? ( common labor p]haps "o   
?ird ov] ^? giv5 9 ! text4 ,9 o!r       
respects1 ! in/ances & au?orities1 /ill 
p]t95t1 h be5 reta9$ 9 ?is revision4  ,x
 w\ld h be5 wa/e1 n ?rift1 to get a new 
au?ority to tell u t /raw makes !       
cleane/ mul* = /rawb]ries2 t's ! reason 
!y 7 call$ /rawb]ries2 & !y grew j !    
same way t5 ye>s ago4  ,l4 ,e4 ,dimo% ( 
,connecticut rais$ on "o qu>t] ( an acre
 #adf4ba1 ( :i* ov] #he 0 pr(it4  ,9 o!r

 cases ! pr(its 7 #adb 7,gianque1       
,nebraska7 p] acre2 & ov] #bie 7,dora   
,dietri*1 ,p5nsylvania72 ) ! r          
exceptional pr(it at ! rate ( #egj      
7,mrs4 ,hall1 ,connecticut74 ,"s %[$ a  
loss4  ,"s ( ! t[n or city lots yield$ v
 high pr(its2 "o ( a ?ird ( an acre gave
 a pr(it ( #bbd4cc 7,edge ,d>l+ton1     
,md474  ,! summ>y bas$ ^u ! reports (   
five hundr$ & fifte5 g>d5s 9 ne>ly e    
/ate & t]ritory & 9 ,canada & !         
prov9ces1 may be consid]$ accurate &    
reliable4 ,cov]+ su* a va/ t]ritory     
local conditions are avoid$4 ,x %[s t ! 
av]age size ( f>m g>d5s 0 #bd1cgb squ>e 
feet1 or ab\t half an acre1 ! av]age    
labor co/ #bf4cd1 ! av]age value (      
product 0 at ! rate ( #agj p] acre1 & ! 
net pr(it ov] #hj p] acre4  ,to get     
results we mu/ fir/ le>n & !n tea* :at  
we "k4 ,! f9e/ game 9 ! _w is to tea*4  
,no "o ev] kn[s any?+ ?or\ghly till he  
tries to tea* x4  ,:5 y tell a p]son h[ 
to d a ?+1 he doesn't "k h[ to d x      
himself4 ,:5 y %[ him h[ to d x1 /ill he

 doesn't "k t he c\ld d x himself4 ,b :5
 y get him to d x himself1 !n he kn[s4  
,c\ntry boys w believe t e>ly tomatoes c
 be rais$ by />t+ !m 9 ! h\se2 b l ! re/
 ( u !y don't "k h[ to d x1 & :5 spr+   
comes & x is "t to d su* ?+s1 !y are    
busy on ! f>m4 ,!re are sev]al s*ools   
try+ ! exp]i5ce ( all[+ ! *ildr5 to     
plant 9 w9d[ boxes 9 e>ly ,april & are  
%[+ !m h[ to d x4 ,b z !re is n room =  
all ! *ildr5 to plant 9 ^! w9d[ boxes1  
!re is a new idea :i* orig9at$ 9 !      
c\ntry1 :]e ! *ildr5 are engag$ 9 ! fall
 & ! spr+ assi/+ _! p>5ts at            
agricultural "w4  ,x 0 h>d to get up any
 int]e/ 9 s*ool g>d5s1 b x 0 all ! m    
important t !y %\ld h agricultural      
in/ruction 9 ! w9t] "t4  ,at ,b]keley   
,heights1 ,n4 ,j41 we devis$ ?is simple 
plan1 & x works4 ,we made a numb] (     
wood5 boxes1 "o foot wide1 two feet     
long1 s !y w j fit on ! l$ge ( a s*ool  
desk4 ,!y are only ?ree in*es deep1 ) a 
bottom ( t91 turn$ up at ! edges1 or (  
well pa9t$ p9e1 :ite-lead$ at ! jo9ts4  

,!re is no dra9age1 s9ce we discov]$ t  
if !y are n wat]$ too mu*1 !y d bett]   
)\t dra9age4 ,! holes usually made 9 !  
bottoms ( fl[] boxes c>ry (f a lot (    
plant food ) ! wat] t runs ?r\gh4  ,n[1 
h[ to /ore ^! boxes :5 !y are n 9 !     
sunny places ne> ! w9d[s8 ,:y1 we set up
 f\r po/s ( "o-in* /uff at ! f\r corn]s1
 s t ! box looks l a kit*5 table turn$  
upside d[n 7see illu/ration74 ,n[ !     
boxes fill$ ) e>? & ) ! "y plants gr[+ c
 be /or$ at night1 "o on top ( ! o!r1 by
 ! wall ( ! s*oolroom4  ,if x is go+ to 
be cold1 & ov] ,sundays1 ! pile ( !m c  
be cov]$ ) newspap]s1 :i* keep !m f     
gett+ *ill$ & f dry+ up1 or ! boxes c be
 cov]$ & c>ri$ home by ! *ildr54 ,we    
f\nd t = mo/ plants n9e in*es is high   
en\gh = ! po/s1 & t well-season$ "o-in* 
lumb] is heavy en\gh n to w>p if x is   
pa9t$ inside & out1 & x is n too heavy  
to lift4  ,by ! way1 bett] pa9t ! jo9ts 
be=e ! sides are nail$ toge!r4 ,x makes 
!m m wat]-tight4 ,f\r screws at ! corn]s
 w make !m /ill tight]4  ,! s*ol>s raise

 lettuce1 p>sley1 onions1 & /rawb]ries1 
& all k9ds ( small plants1 z well z     
fl[]s1 9 ! w9t]2 & :5 ! plants get too  
big or two cr[d$ = ! boxes1 !y are      
sep>at$ & transplant$ into o!r boxes to 
be tak5 home4  ,?is 0 s successful t we 
devis$ a big w9d[ box :i* is suit$ =    
home use also2 x is j z wide z ! w9d[ & 
half z long aga9 z x is wide4 ,b ?is box
 does n /& outside on ! w9d[ sill2 if x 
did1 ! plants w\ld freeze4 ,"o end only 
re/s on ! inside w9d[ sill :]e x gets ! 
sun2 ! end is support$ by two legs ( !  
same height t ! w9d[ sill is f ! floor4 
,:5 a nice w>m day comes1 ! o!r end ( ! 
box is pu%$ out ( ! w9d[ & ! sa% clos$  
d[n on x to keep x f fall+ out4 ,a c\ple
 ( cleats or nails 9 ! w9d[ jamb help to
 hold x 9 place4  ,( c\rse1 ! box has to
 be wat*$ & tak5 9 if x turns cold1 b   
x's a/oni%+ h[ mu* c be rais$ & h[ mu* m
 c be le>n$ out ( season by ! s*ool desk
 boxes & ! home w9d[ slid+ boxes4  ,try 
x & see = y\rself4  ,! *ildr5 c le>n z  
mu* ab\t "s ?+s f a box #b,x#a ft4 z !y 

c f a *ildr5's g>d54 ,"h are a c\ple (  
samples ( :at ! kids !mselves 9 a city  
s*ool ?9k ( x4   ,,dep>tm5t ,,(         
,,education  ,(fice ( ! ,pr9cipal (     
,public ,s*ool ,no4 #g  ,,van ,,al/     
,,ave41 ,,a/oria1 ,,que5s  ,i inclose a 
few compositions t 7 writt5 by "s ( our 
boys & girls ( ! ,f\r? ,ye>4 ,y w       
recognize ! descriptions ( y\r ,g>d5    
,trays = classroom use ,un=tunately !   
free space 9 ! classroom is limit$1 s we
 h f\nd x necess>y to all[ ea* pupil    
only "p ( a box4  ,! *ildr5 !mselves are
 delight$1 z y c see by _! compositions4
  ,v s9c]ely y\rs1 7,sign$7  ,,agnes ,a4
 ,,cord+  ,as/4 ,pr9cipal4  ,p4 ,s4 ,no4
 #g  ,grade #d ,a--,april #bl1 #aiae4   
,ar?ur ,mill]1 ,age #aj  ,,our ,,g>d5   
,at fir/ we plant$ radi%es !n onions &  
lettuce & beans & sunfl[]s4 ,ea* "o ( u 
h #a_/d ( a box4 ,:5 we _h f9i%$ t we   
br\ght !m up to ! front ( ! room & !n   
wat]$ !m & w5t home4   ,anna ,du]r1 ,age
 #h  ,,my ,,g>d5  ,i h a g>d54 ,x is a  
box4 ,i h a qu>t] ( a box = my v own4   

,my g>d5 has five r[s4 ,9 ! fir/ !re are
 radi%es1 9 ! second lettuce1 9 ! ?ird  
onions1 9 ! f\r? beans1 9 ! fif?        
sunfl[]s4 ,i hope my g>d5 gr[s up4   ,( 
c\rse ^! are only prep>atory = pr(itable
 "w4 ,we h cases 9 :i* #bjjj has be5    
record$ f sales 9 "o ye> f "o acre1 & _m
 cases 9 :i* at lea/ #ajjj wor? (       
produce has be5 sold f an acre4 ,^! are 
sales1 n pr(its4  ,su* results are n due
 to ! b\ndless & f]tile soil ( ! new _w 
nor to small f>m+ alone--!y are due to  
intellig5ce4  ,pr(essor ,ronna gives !  
foll[+ figures ( crops p] acre at ,rom=d
 7,breton's ,f>m73 #bh tons ( potatoes  
7say #ieb bu%els71 #af tons ( m>igold1  
#aje tons ( beets1 #aaj tons ( c>rots1  
#i to #bj tons ( v>i\s cabbages1 & s on4
  ,x 0 sugge/$ to ! ,agricultural       
,dep>tm5t t x might fix /&>ds ( :at is a
 good atta9able crop4  ,on e golf l9ks  
we h :at is call$ a ,bogie score po/$   
up4 ,t is a score t a c]ta9 my?ical     
,capta9 ,bogie1 suppos$ to be an av]age 
good play]1 c\ld make on ^? l9ks4 ,on "o

 typical club-c\rse1 = in/ance1 ! ,bogie
 score is #db4 ,?\gh x has be5 done 9   
#cg1 ! ord9>y play] congratulates       
himself :5 he gets d[n to ! ,bogie      
score4  ,n[1 if !re 7 /&>ds atta9able to
 ord9>y intellig5t & good cultivation   
set 9 ea* section1 x w\ld enorm\sly     
enc\rage f>m]s to rea* !m1 :i* may be ( 
great importance4  ,"o ( ! heads ( !    
,dep>tm5t repli$ z foll[s3  ',9 reg>d to
 fix+ a /&>d = ea* f>m] to /rive to     
atta91 ,i ?9k t a v good idea2 b ! /&>d 
= ea* crop 9 ea* p>ticul> locality w\ld 
necess>ily be some:at diff]5t f t 9 e   
o!r locality4 ,p]sons :o h _h exp]i5ce 9
 exp]im5tal "w ke5ly appreciate ^!      
po9ts4 ,! "w :i* is done ^u "o soil     
=mation "u diff]5t climatic conditions 9
 "o season1 does n necess>ily f9d a     
duplicate 9 any o!r locality1 & !       
exp]i5ce is t :at is accompli%$ 9 "o ye>
 w\ld n be duplicat$ on ! same soil & "u
 ! same managem5t aga9 9 sev]al ye>s1 = 
! conditions "u :i* agriculture is c>ri$
 on are s _m ( !m outside ( ! control ( 

! op]ator t x is v difficult to pr$ict  
results or to atta9 any fix$ /&>d4 ,?is 
is necess>ily s ) an op]ation :i* has s 
_m unc]ta9 factors to deal ) z          
agriculture4 ,humidity ( ! atmosph]e & (
 ! soil1 ! available plant food 9 !     
soil1 me?ods ( tillage1 f]tiliz]s us$1  
recurr5ce ( fro/s1 am\nt ( sunlight1 !  
altitude & latitude ( diff]5t           
localities1 all h a be>+ ^u crop        
production4 ,x is1 !re=e1 v difficult to
 fix any approximate /&>d or av]age     
production = any p>ticul> locality )\t  
bas+ x ^u a long s]ies ( ye>s4 ,i ?9k1  
h[ev]1 t x is a subject wor?y (         
agitation1 & x might inspire            
agriculturi/s to bett] "w 7 su* an ideal
 fix$ ^u4  ,?is indicates t ea* exp]im5t
 /ation or progressive f>m] or tea*] (  
agriculture might advantage\sly e/abli% 
! local ,bogie score ( :at might fairly 
be expect$4  ,we "k h[ mislead+ av]ages 
are4 ,! man :o tri$ to wade across a    
/ream ^: av]age dep? 0 two feet1 0      
dr[n$4 ,! writ] us$ to g to a fi%+ club 

( :i* ,cornelius ,v&]bilt 0 a memb]4 ,"o
 ( ! /&>d jokes !re 0 t ! ?irty memb]s  
are wor? on an av]age ov] two million   
apiece1 t is1 ,cornelius sixty millions1
 & ! re/ ( u 7comp>atively7 no?+4 ,:i*  
are y to be8 ,a ,v&]bilt among          
cultivators1 or ! o!r fell[ :o makes !  
'av]age'8 7,money ,mak+ 9 ,free ,am]ica1
 by ! ,au?or47  ,b ev5 mak+ all         
all[ances we see t we mu/ cultivate mu* 
bett] ?an ! av]age1 to make any?+ m ?an 
! f>m]'s h>d liv+ (f ! l&4 ,pet] ,dunne 
tells u :at k9d ( a gr9d t is4  ,?is    
pa-ap] says ?' f>m] niv] /hrikes4 ,he   
hasn't got ?' "t to4 ,he's too happy4 ,a
 f>m] is cont9t$ ) 8 f>m lot4 ,!re's    
naw?9' to take 8 m9d (f 8 wurruk4 ,he   
sleeps at night ) 8 nose aga9/ ?' %+l$  
ro( iv 8 little frame home an' dhreams  
iv c9* bugs4 ,:ile ?' />s are /ill      
alight he walks 9 8 sleep to wake ?' c[s
 t left ?' call f'r f\r o'clock4 ,?9 x's
 ho6 f'r fe$9' ?' pigs an' m5d9' ?'     
reap]4 ,?' sun arises z usual 9 ?' ea/1 
an' be9' a ke5 /ud5t iv nature he picks 

a cabbage leaf to put 9 8 hat4 ,breakfa/
 foll[s1 a gay meal beg9n9' at n9e an'  
end9' at n9e-?ree4 ,?9 x's (f f'r ?'    
fields :]e all day he sets on a bicycle 
seat an' reaps ! be>d$ gra9 an' ?'      
,hessian fly1 ) naw?9' b 8 own ?\ghts   
an' a c\ple iv horses to commune )4 ,an'
 s he goes an' he's happy ?' livelong   
day if ye don't get 9 e>-%ot iv him4 ,9 
w9t] he is employ$ keep+ ?' cattle fr'm 
suff]9' 8 own fate an' writ9'           
te/ymonyals iv dyspepsia cures4 7,mr4   
,dooley ,says47     ,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,:at 
,,an ,,acre ,,may ,,produce   ,we h %[n 
:at an acre has produc$4 ,y mu/ figure  
out = y\rself :at y c make y\r acres    
produce & :at ! product c be sold =4    
,all progress 9 agriculture has come    
h]et(ore ?r\gh exp]im5ts1 made mo/ly by 
un9=m$ & untra9$ m54 ,:at may n be done 
by practical le>n+ & appli$ intellig5ce8
  ,! wond]ful rec5t advances h be5 made 
9 j t way4  ,! mod]n improv$ me?ods 9   
agriculture1 kn[n collectively z        
int5sive f>m+1 h ne>ly all _h _! orig9 9

 ! h&s ( truck f>m]s & m>ket g>d5]s4 ,no
 class ( ! rural population is m al]t 9 
utiliz+ ! newe/ rese>*es & discov]ies 9 
all l9es ( agricultural sci5ce1 & none  
keeps 9 clos] t\* ) ! agricultural      
colleges & exp]im5t /ations4            
7,developm5t ( ! ,truck+ ,int]e/s1 by   
,f4 ,s4 ,e>le47  ,/ill1 x is n advisable
 = ! ord9>y city dwell]1 h[ev]          
intellig5t1 )\t o!r means & )\t ei!r    
exp]i5ce or /udy1 to ca/ himself ^u a   
small pat* ( gr\nd = a liv+2 b if he c  
give x mo/ ( 8 "t morn+s & ev5+s1 or if 
he sees1 z _m d1 t he w be =c$ out ( a  
position1 x w\ld be well = him s]i\sly  
to consid] int5sive cultivation z a     
res\rce4  ,x w\ld be ! greate/ bless+ to
 our day labor]s if !y c\ld secure an   
acre ( l& :i* !y c\ld till 9 conjunction
 ) _! o!r labor4 ,if "t & *ange #ij     
works ^u society z to put ! labor] out (
 a job1 he w be safe 9 8 acre home & c  
live f x & be happy & cont5t$4  ,! "t   
requir$ to cultivate an acre is mu* less
 ?an is g5]ally suppos$4  ,! maximum "t 

requir$ seems to be t giv5 9 !          
,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois ,exp]im5t ,/ation 
at ,urbana1 ,bullet9 #fa1 by ,j4 ,w4    
,lloyd1 at ! rate ( #adj h\rs 7say #ad  
days7 ) "o horse & #bej h\rs 7say #be   
days7 = h& labor4 ,) a great v>iety (   
crops1 or ) poor labor add "o half to   
?is "t all[ance4 ,! results v>y greatly4
  ,an acre ( nor!a/]n ,long ,isl& w     
produce #bej to #djj bu%els ( potatoes  
at a sell+ price ( fifty to sev5ty five 
c5ts p] bu%el1 :i* :olesale1 at ^?      
figures mu* bel[ pres5t prices1 br+ an  
income ( #abe to #cjj to ! gr[]4 ,!     
actual ca% outlay 9 "o in/ance 03       
,se$ ,potatoes                          
#aj4jj   ,comm]cial ,f]tiliz]           
#ac4jj   ,spray+ = blight & pe/s        
#d4jj    ,,total                        
#bg4jj    #bej bu4 sell+ at ! m9imum    
price   #abe4jj    ,less ! ca% outlay   
#bg4jj    ,income to ! gr[] f an acre   
#ih4jj   ,a production ( #djj bu%els    
co/s no m ca% outlay p] acre1 :ile !    
income is big wages to ! f>m]4  ,if b "o

 acre be gr[n & h& labor is us$1 ! labor
 might co/ an av]age ( #dj p] acre1 )   
wages at #a4ce to #a4ej p] day1 & if !  
produce is %ipp$ any di/ance by rail &  
consign$1 x w\ld co/ #dj to #ej to pay  
sell+ *>ges1 leav+ y a pr(it ( ab\t #cj 
p] acre on ?is crop4 ,o!r crops 9 !     
rotation might n be s pr(itable1 h5ce x 
is n fair to figure an income on "o4 ,b1
 ( c\rse1 9 ! above e/imate1 we are     
consid]+ ma9ly ! cases :]e ! g>d5] does 
! "w & e>ns ! wages himself4  ,an acre w
 be> if devot$ to ea* crop1 (3          
,blackb]ries1 #aj1jjj qt41 :i* at #g c5t
 a qt41 w\ld br+ #gjj4jj   ,dewb]ries1  
#i1jjj qt41 say at #g c5t a qt4 #fcj4jj 
,gooseb]ries1 #bej bu4 at #b4jj a bu4   
#ejj4jj   ,/rawb]ries1 #h1jjj qt4 at #e 
c5t a qt4 #djj4jj   ,currants1 #cjjj    
plants yield #fjjj bu4 #bjj4jj          
,raspb]ries1 p] acre #bjj4jj to #fjj4jj 
,pea*es1 p] acre #bjj4jj to #djj4jj     
,pe>s1 p] acre #bjj4jj to #ejj4jj       
,apples1 p] acre #ajj4jj to #ejj4jj     
,grapes #ajj4jj  ,five1 or ev5 ?ree     

acres w give a good liv+ if ?is c be    
approximat$3  ,an acre w produce 9      
vegetables--ei!r    ,asp>agus1 #cjjj    
bun*es at #bj c5t a bun*1 w\ld be       
#fjj4jj   ,caulifl[]1 #ajj to #cjj bbl4 
at #a4ej1 say #dej4jj   ,onions1 #fjj   
bu4 at #ge c5t p] bu4 #dej4jj   ,cabbage
 ,se$1 #ajjj lb41 at #dj c5t a lb4      
#djj4jj   ,brussels spr\ts1 #cjjj qt4 at
 #aj c5t a qt4 #cjj4jj   ,cel]y1 #fjj   
bun*es at #e c5t a bun* #cjj4jj         
,p>snips1 #cjj bu4 at #a4jj a bu4       
#cjj4jj   ,lettuce1 #ijjj heads at #c   
c5t a head #bgj4jj   ,lima ,beans1 #ej  
bu4 at #e4jj a bu4 #bej4jj  ,we may hope
 to get f an acre1 respectively 9       
,potatoes1 #cjj bu4 at #ge c5t a bu1    
w\ld be #bbe4jj   ,cabbages1 #bj tons at
 #aj4jj a ton #bjj4jj   ,c>rots &       
,beets1 #bjj to #djj bu #aej4jj         
,tomatoes1 #bjj crates at #ge c5t a     
crate #aej4jj   ,e>ly ,peas1 #ej bu4 at 
#bjjj a bu4 #ajj4jj   ,turnips1 #djj bu4
 at #be c5t a bu #ajj4jj   ,sp9a*1 #ajj 
bbl4 at #ej c5t a bbl4 #ej4jj  ,mr4 ,d4 

,l4 ,h>tman1 ^: exp]i5ce 9 ! ,nor? is   
giv5 on a lat] page1 has s9ce mov$ to   
,little ,riv]1 ,florida4 ,he writes 9   
#aiag3  ,i h rec5tly sold ! la/         
/rawb]ries ( a small plot4 ,ow+ to a    
comb9ation ( circum/ances x produc$1 ,i 
?9k1 ! l>ge/ value p] area ( any crop ,i
 h ev] cultivat$4 ,! ma9 factors 7 high 
prices realiz$ & heavy yield4  ,area (  
plot1 a trifle ov] "o fif? acre4 ,total 
yield1 #bbie qu>ts1 total receipts1     
#dgjc4hj4  ,fir/ b]ries pick$ ,janu>y   
#bnd2 la/ b]ries pick$ ,june #bf?2      
,v>iety1 ,br&yw9e4  ,?is %[s a yield (  
#aa1ajg qu>ts p] acre wor? at ! same    
rate1 #ccih4jj4  ,! fruit 0 all sold to 
/ores 9 ,miami 7five miles di/ant7 &    
br\ght an av]age y notice ( #cj-b_/c    
c5ts p] qu>t = ! crop1 ! highe/ br++    
fifty c5ts p] qu>t4 ,! av]age price dur+
 ! ord9>y seasons is ab\t tw5ty c5ts p] 
qu>t4 ,my ord9>y av]age yield is less   
?an half ( ?is yield or ab\t #ejjj qu>ts
 p] acre1 & t is mu* above ! av]age (   
mo/ yields ( o!r gr[]s4 ,! crop 0 />t$ )

 nor!rn plants1 set j z = matt$ r[s 9 ! 
,nor?1 !n e>ly 9 ,novemb] plants 7 dug  
up & set out 9 ord] 9 r[s #ab in*es ap>t
 & #h-a_/b in*es ap>t 9 ! r[1 leav+ e   
fif? r[ vacant = pa?s4 ,x is sup] close 
culture2 "o plant p] squ>e foot = !     
total area or a little m4  ,i (t5 ?9k t 
if ,i 7 op]at+ 9 ! ,nor? aga9 ,i w\ld l 
to try /rawb]ries ! same way1 except t  
,i w\ld d ! transplant+ ,septemb] #a/   
in/ead ( ,novemb] #a/ z "h1 s9ce ,i w\ld
 expect !m to gr[ l>g] & ( c\rse ,i w\ld
 plan to mul* !m dur+ ! w9t]4 ,x w\ld   
take a lot ( plant+ b ,i ?9k x w\ld     
insure a trem5d\s yield4 ,i f9d t !     
digg+ & plant+ includ+ wat]+ ( #aejj    
plants makes t5 h\rs' "w ) elim9ation ( 
all wa/e motion4  ,y w n get z good     
results z ,mr4 ,h>tman's av]age1 unless 
y le>n z mu* z he has le>n$2 he has     
succe$$ by well-direct$ "w 9 diff]5t    
places & circum/ances4  ,! ,s\? & ,we/  
are n ! only places 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
:]e a man c live on "o acre ( gr\nd1 by 
int5sive culture & ) irrigation4 ,!     

,ea/]n & ,middle ,/ates c pres5t j z    
good1 if n bett]1 opportunities1        
especially :]e l& 9 small tracts is     
available ne> ! l>ge cities4  ,! ,f>m]s'
 ,advocate 7,topeka1 ,kansas7 says ( l&s
 :i* t5 ye>s ago 7 among ! mu* adv]tis$ 
ab&on$ f>ms ( ! ea/]n /ates3 ,all ov] ! 
ea/]n /ates :]e f>m+ tw5ty ye>s ago 0   
pron\nc$ a failure "u ,we/]n competition
 !re has sprung up ?is int5sive         
cultivation4 ,violets are gr[n 9 "o     
place & tub]oses by ! acre 9 ano!r4     
,cel]y is mak+ "o man's l>ge pr(it ne>  
,williamsburg4 ,special fruits are      
cultivat$4 ,currants are gr[n by ! ton &
 sold by ! p\nd1 yield+ a pr(it4 ,?is is
 9 progress ov] ! entire range ( f>m+4  
,at ,hyde ,p>k1 a little village ?ree   
miles nor? ( ,read+1 ,pa41 !re is a     
small f>m own$ by ,oliv] ,r4 ,%e>]1 :o  
may be said to be "o ( ! mo/ successful 
f>m]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is f>m       
conta9s #c-a_/b acres1 only #b-a_/b (   
:i* are cultivat$1 b !y yield ! own]    
annually f #abjj to #aejj4 ,f ! pr(its (

 8 int5sive f>m+1 ,mr4 ,%e>] has paid   
#chjj = 8 prop]ty1 :i*1 besides ! l&1   
consi/s ( a mod]n two-/ory brick h\se1 )
 b>n1 *ick5-y>d1 & or*>d1 ! :ole        
surr\nd$ by a neat f5ce4 ,he has also   
rais$ & educat$ a family ( ?ree *ildr54 
,!re are no secrets1 ,mr4 ,%e>] says1   
ab\t 8 me?od ( f>m+4 ,a /udy (          
conditions1 ! application ( common-s5se 
me?ods & untir+ en]gy1 he ass]ts1 w     
enable o!rs to d :at he has done1 b t   
mo/ m5 w\ld kill !mselves ) ! "w4  ,9 an
 agricultural ex*ange a small f>m] tells
 t he makes a liv+ & saves "s money f a 
t5-acre f>m4 ,be=e he 0 ?r\gh pay+ = 8  
l&1 :i* co/ #ajj an acre1 build+ 8 h\se1
 f5ces1 & outbuild+s1 he w5t 9 debt     
#acjj1 hav+ ab\t ! same am\nt to />t )4 
,he is ne> a good m>ket1 & 9 five ye>s  
has paid (f ! debt1 & has be5 gett+     
ahead ev] s9ce4 ,he raises p\ltry &     
small fruits1 & says t x is a good      
comb9ation1 z mo/ ( ! "w ) p\ltry comes 
9 w9t]1 :ile he c d no?+ out ( doors4   
,he ma9ta9s t a t5-acre f>m rightly     

manag$ w br+ a good liv+1 includ+ !     
com=ts & "s ( ! luxuries ( life1 & says3
 ,?is ,i h fully demon/rat$1 & :at ,i h 
done o!rs may d4  ,maxwell's ,talisman  
says3  ,e4 ,j4 ,o',bri5 ( ,citronelle1  
,alabama1 receiv$ #agj cle> f an acre ( 
cucumb]s %ipp$ to ! ,/4 ,l\is m>ket4 ,he
 0 two weeks late 9 gett+ !m on ! m>ket4
 ,he says ^? two weeks w\ld h meant     
ne>ly d\ble ! net returns4 ,he does n   
consid] ?is an extraord9>y return &     
hopes to d bett] next ye>4  ,pr(essor   
,?omas ,%aw writes ( a plot ( ord9>y    
gr\nd 9 ,m9nesota compris+ ! n9ete5? "p 
( an acre1 :i* = ye>s kept a family (   
six matur$ p]sons abundantly suppli$ )  
vegetables all ! ye>1 ) ! exception (   
potatoes1 cel]y1 & cabbage4 ,9 addition1
 mu* 0 giv5 away1 m especially ( ! e>ly 
v>ieties1 & 9 _m in/ances mu* 0 ?r[n    
away4  ,9 ! m>ket-g>d5s ( ,florida we   
see su* crops z #dde to #fjj bu%els (   
onions p] acre1 #djj bu%els ( tomatoes1 
#gjj bu%els ( sweet potatoes2 :i* te/ify
 to a high developm5t ( culture4  ,we   

select f ,bailey's ,pr9ciples (         
,vegetable ,g>d5+ ! foll[+ g5]al        
e/imates3  ,beets--,av]age crop is      
#cjj-djj bu%els p] acre4  ,c>rots--,good
 crop is #bjj-cjj bu%els p] acre4       
,cabbage--#hjjj heads p] acre4          
,potatoes--,! yield ( potatoes av]ages  
ab\t #ge bu%els p] acre1 b ) =e?\ght &  
good tillage & "s f]tiliz] ! yield %\ld 
run f #bjj to #cjj bu%els1 &            
occasionally yields w mu* exce$ ! latt] 
figure4  ,rhub>b--,f #b to #e /alks are 
ti$ 9 a bun* = m>ket1 & an acre %\ld    
produce #cjjj doz5 bun*es4              
,salsify--,good crop #bjj-cjj bu%els p] 
acre4  ,onions--,a good crop ( onions is
 #cjj-djj bu%els to ! acre1 b #fjj-hjj  
are secur$ "u ! v be/ conditions4  ,!   
price p] ton = hors]adi% v>ies f t5 to  
fifty doll>s1 & f two to f\r tons %\ld  
be rais$ on an acre1 ! latt] quantity :5
 ! gr\nd is deep & ri* & :5 ! plants d n
 suff] = moi/ure4  ,av]ages are v       
mislead+ & x w\ld be bett] to pay little
 att5tion to !m4 ,!y are l ! av]age     

weal? possess$ by a class ( tw5ty       
s*ool*ildr54 ,! s*oolma/] :o _h #bj ask$
 :at 0 ! av]age weal? ( ea*1 if ! total 
weal? ( ! class 0 #bj4 ,! brighte/ boy  
answ]$1 ,"o doll>4 ,! s*oolma/] ask$    
,tommy at ! foot ( ! class if he did n  
?9k !y w\ld be a prosp]\s class4 ,he    
answ]$1 ,x dep5ds on :o has ! 'tw5ty4'  
,b1 all ! m1 good av]ages imply "s      
wond]ful yields4 ,! foll[+ are actual   
av]ages 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,twelf? &     
,?irte5? ,c5sus ,report1 respectively4  
,fl[]s & plants1 #bjad & #aiaa2 nurs]y  
products1 #agj & #bfa2 sug> cane1 #hg   
7#d tons p] acre7 & #eedj2 small fruits1
 #ha & #aaj2 hops1 #gb 7#hhe lb4 p]     
acre7 & #age2 sweet potatoes1 #cg 7#gi b
 p] acre7 & #ee2 hemp1 #cd 7#gid lb4 p] 
acre7 & #ed2 potatoes1 #cc 7#if bu4 p]  
acre7 & #de2 sug> beets1 #cj 7#g tons p]
 acre7 & #ed2 sorghum cane1 #ba 7#a ton 
p] acre7 & #bc2 cotton1 #ae 7#d-aj bale 
p] acre7 & #be4gj flaxse$1 #i 7#i bu4 p]
 acre7 & #ad2 c]eals1 #h & #aa4dj4      
,specialties1 h[ev]1 (t5 d mu* bett]4 ,=

 example1 ,r4 ,b4 ,h&y1 9 ,f>m]s'       
,bullet9 ,no4 #fj1 ,unit$ ,/ates        
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 tells u t a   
prom95t & successful ,new ,j]sey gr[]   
says3  ,i _c give ! co/ 9 detail (      
e/abli%+ asp>agus b$s1 z s mu* w\ld     
dep5d ^u :e!r "o _h to buy ! roots1 & ^u
 o!r matt]s4 ,:]e gr[]s usually gr[     
roots = _! own plant+ ! co/ is          
pr9cipally ! labor1 manure1 & ! use ( l&
 = two ye>s ^u :i*1 h[ev]1 a half crop c
 be _h4  ,! co/ ( ma9ta9+ a b$ c only be
 e/imat$ p] acre z foll[s3    ,manure   
7appli$ 9 ! spr+7 #be4jj   ,labor1 pl[+1
 cultivat+1 hoe+1 etc #bj4jj   ,cutt+ & 
bun*+ #dj4jj   ,f]tiliz] 7appli$ aft]   
cutt+7 #ae4jj    ,total #ajj4jj  ,an    
asp>agus b$ well e/abli%$1 say five ye>s
 aft] plant+1 :5 well c>$ = %\ld1 = !   
next t5 or fifte5 ye>s1 yield f #ahjj to
 #bjjj bun*es p] annum1 or at #aj c5ts  
p] bun* 7factory price7 #ahj to #bjj4   
,if ! r5t1 labor1 etc41 = a crop (      
asp>agus is #bjj p] acre1 & ! crop is   
?ree tons ( gre5 %oots at #ajj p] ton1  

on ! f>m1 ! pr(it is #ajj p] acre4 ,if  
we get six tons at #ajj p] ton1 ! pr(it1
 less ! extra co/ ( labor & manure1 is  
#djj p] acre4 7,food = ,plants1 by      
,h>ris & ,my]s1 page #ai47  ,ar\nd      
,be?lehem1 ,indiana1 ! f>m]s raise      
hundr$s ( tons ( sunfl[] se$ e ye>1 & ! 
indu/ry pays bett] ?an any?+ else 9 !   
f>m+ l9e4 ,a good deal ( ! se$ is made  
into condition p[d] = /ock1 occasionally
 "s is made into s-call$ olive oil :i*  
is said to surpass cotton-se$ oil4 ,l>ge
 quantities are us$ = fe$+ p>rots &     
p\ltry1 or consum$ by ! ,russian        
,hebrews :o eat !m z we w\ld eat        
peanuts4  ,a c>eful inve/igation made 9 
#ahih ( ! value ( c]ta9 productions tak5
 f f>ms 9 ,new ,york ,/ate %[s t !      
culture ( apples is v pr(itable4 ,f     
tw5ty adjo9+ f>ms 9 "o neighborhood 9   
we/]n ,new ,york1 ! report gave an      
av]age annual return ( #he p] acre at ! 
or*>d1 cov]+ a p]iod ( five ye>s4 ,ano!r
 report gave an av]age ( #aaj annual    
income p] acre = ?ree ye>s1 & ^! results

 7 obta9$ :]e only ord9>y c>e 0 giv5 to 
! or*>d4 ,b note ?is4--  ,"o or*>d1 :]e 
! trees _h be5 well spray$ to protect ! 
fruit f insect injuries1 & ! soil well  
cultivat$ & prop]ly f]tiliz$1 gave a    
return 9 "o ye> ( #gjj p] acre1 & = ?ree
 ye>s an av]age income ( #djj p] acre4  
,"o man b\ght a f>m ( #ajj acres 9      
,c5tral ,new ,york ) a mu*-neglect$     
or*>d ^u x ( #cj acres1 pay+ #ejjj = !  
:ole4 ,he cultivat$ ! or*>d1 prun$ &    
spray$ ! trees ?or\ghly1 & 9 sev5 mon?s 
f ! "t he pur*as$ ! f>m1 sold ! apple   
crop f x = #fjjj ca%4  ,peanuts3        
,culture & ,uses1 by ,r4 ,b4 ,h&y 9     
,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #be ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture says3   
,accord+ to ! ,c5sus ! av]age yield (   
peanuts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 #ag4f bu%els
 p] acre1 ! av]age 9 ,virg9ia be+ ab\t  
#bj1 & 9 ,t5nessee #cb bu%els p] acre4  
,?is appe>s to be a l[ av]age1          
especially z (ficial & semi(ficial      
figures give #ej to #fj bu%els z an     
av]age crop1 & #ajj bu%els is n an      

uncommon yield4 ,fair peanut l& prop]ly 
manur$ & treat$ to intellig5t rotation (
 crops %\ld produce 9 an ord9>y season a
 yield ( #ej bu%els to ! acre & f #a to 
#b tons ( excell5t hay4 7,( c\rse bett] 
l& ) m lib]al treatm5t & a favorable    
season w produce heavi] crops1 ! rev]se 
be+ true ( l&s :i* h be5 frequ5tly      
plant$ ) peanuts )\t ei!r manur+ or     
rotation ( crops47 ,besides ! am\nt (   
peanuts ga!r$1 !re are always l>ge      
quantities left 9 ! gr\nd :i* h escap$ !
 ga!r+1 & on ^! ! plant] turns 8 h]d (  
hogs1 s t !re is no wa/e ( any "p ( !   
plant4  ,tobacco is a pay+ crop if !    
soil is j "r4 ,two ?\s& p\nds p] acre c 
be rais$ on favorable sites4            
,connecticut tobacco br+s1 9 ord9>y     
times1 f tw5ty to ?irty c5ts a p\nd2 f  
f\r to ov] six hundr$ doll>s be+ !      
possible return4  ,"s ,connecticut soils
 raise ,sumatra tobacco equal to !      
import$ crop t sells 9 ?is c\ntry at    
fancy prices4 ,! ,dep>tm5t (            
,agriculture claims t ! ,cuban type (   

tobacco c be closely approximat$ 9      
,p5nsylvania & ,ohio4 ,b x mu/ be       
rememb]$ t ! soil is ( p>am\nt          
importance 9 tobacco rais+4 ,! ,dep>tm5t
 has prep>$ soil maps ( mo/ ( !         
important tobacco di/ricts ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates4 ,if y ?9k y\r l& may be suit$ to
 tobacco1 apply !re = in=mation4 ,y may 
make y\r l& invaluable4  ,d4 ,l4        
,h>tman1 ,rural ,new ,york]1 gave !     
foll[+ facts & figures3 ,dur+ la/ season
 ! sales f "o acre ( e>ly tomatoes      
am\nt$ to #ded1 & f a trifle m ?an two &
 "o half acres1 includ+ ! acre (        
'e>lies1' ! rema9d] mid-season & late   
plant+s1 ! total sales am\nt$ to ov]    
#ijj4 ,f a little less ?an "o acre & a  
half #eee wor? ( /rawb]ries 7 sold1 :ile
 ! returns f e>ly cabbages dur+ ! la/   
few ye>s h be5 at ! rate ( ab\t #cjj p] 
acre4 ,^! /atem5ts are n made 9 ! _s (  
*all5ge4 ,! results are gratify+ to me1 
because l>g] ?an anticipat$2 b mu*      
great] values c be & are produc$4 ,9    
fact1 ! limit ( value t may be gr[n on  

an acre ( l& no "o c tell4 ,i h a small 
plot ( gr\nd conta9+ less ?an "o six? ( 
an acre1 plant$ "o ye> ) radi%es &      
lettuce1 foll[$ by eggplant & caulifl[]1
 & ! next ye> to radi%es alone1 foll[$  
by egg-plant1 & ea* ye> ! total sales   
am\nt$ to ov] #bjj1 at ! rate ( #abjj p]
 acre4 ,greatly exce$+ ev5 ?is 0 a      
small] plot1 measur+ #bj ,x #fe feet1   
la/ ye>1 plant$ fir/ to pansies1 plants 
sold :5 9 bloom1 foll[$ by radi%es1 (   
:i* "o half prov$ to be a wor?less      
v>iety 7x lay idle long en\gh to h      
produc$ ano!r crop ( radi%es71 !n half 0
 plant$ to late lettuce1 ! o!r half be+ 
s[n = w9t] cabbage1 plants yield+ no ca%
 return4 ,yet ! total sales = ! season f
 ?is small plot1 less ?an "o            
?irty-second ( an acre1 0 #hf4gh at !   
rate ( ! surpris+ sum ( #bghj p] acre1 &
 c\ld easily h be5 rais$ to ! rate (    
#d1jjj1 & t )\t ! use ( any glass       
:atev]1 ,truly ! possibilities ( ! soil 
are unkn[n4  ,! coop]ative features us$ 
by ,nor!a/]n ,long ,isl& int5sive f>m]s 

are wor?y ( imitation4 ,9 ! community ( 
,riv]head a club buys at :olesale rates 
commodities :i* ! f>m & h\sehold        
require4 ,! club does a l>ge bus9ess1 & 
has a high rat+ 9 ! comm]cial ag5cies4  
,9 ano!r in/ance at ,riv]head an        
association m>kets ! crop ( caulifl[]1  
s5d+ c>s ( su* produce to ,c9c9nati &   
,*icago4 ,^! are ! be/ =ms ( coop]ation4
  ,9 ! m>ket-g>d5+ sections ! banks %[  
prosp]ity4 ,9 ! t[ns ( ,riv]head &      
,s\?old !re are sav+s banks ) deposits (
 #d1jjj1jjj ea*1 & five bus9ess banks   
:i* are do+ a ?riv+ bus9ess4 ,9 ?is     
/ret* ( ?irty miles on ea/]n ,long ,isl&
 ! f>ms are mo/ly free f encumbrance (  
any k9d4  ,x %\ld be not$1 h[ev]1 t _!  
t[ns h ! op5 ,s\nd ) its bays :i* furni%
 op5 ways = transportation & an un[n$   
field = "w4 7,f circul> ( ! ,long ,isl& 
,guild ( ,new ,york ,city47     ,,*apt] 
,,vii  ,,"s ,,me?ods   ,we mu/ n put all
 our "t into "o crop unless we are ri*  
en\gh to d our own insurance2 = dr\ght1 
or damp2 or accid5t1 ill-adapt$ se$1 or 

g5]al unfavorable conditions may make   
failures ( "o or m crops4 ,b 9 v>iety & 
succession ( crops is safety & pr(it4 ,9
 ord] to succe$1 crop mu/ be made to    
foll[ crop1 s t ! gr\nd is us$ to its   
full capacity4 ,to leave x fall[ = ev5 a
 week is to invite we$s & to lose mu* ( 
! advantage ( tillage1 z well z s mu*   
"t4  ,9 ! ,nor?1 se$s ( _m k9ds %\ld be 
s[n f ! fir/ ( ,m>* to ! fir/ ( ,augu/2 
9 ! ,s\? !y %\ld be s[n 9 e mon?4  ,by  
foll[+ ! simple "t tables = plant+ y w  
f9d "w ready & crops matur+ & ready =   
sale 9 e mon? 9 ! ye>4  ,!re is an      
admirable table ( ! "t to plant1 giv5 9 
,h[ to ,make a ,vegetable ,g>d51 ?\gh x 
does embrace "s weird vegetables1       
expla9+1 = in/ance1 t pats-*oi is us$ l 
*>ds1 & t ,scolymus is s[$ l ,scorzon]a4
  ,"o c live :ile wait+ = ! crops to    
come up1 = _m crops mature rapidly4     
,specialties give employm5t only dur+ a 
few mon?s ( ea* ye> & br+ returns only  
at p]iods ( ! ye>1 b ! returns c be made
 almo/ imm$iate & ! "w almo/ cont9u\s4  

,long ,isl& & ,j]sey f>m]s 9 m>ket+ _!  
crops sell    ,sp9a* & ,radi%es 9 ,april
   ,peas1 ,e>ly ,onions1 & ,lettuce 9   
,may   ,asp>agus & ,/rawb]ries 9 ,june  
,tomatoes1 ,cucumb]s1 & ,cabbage ,se$s 9
 ,july   ,e>ly ,potatoes1 ,pea*es1 &    
,beans 9 ,augu/   ,onions & ,potatoes 9 
,septemb]   ,cel]y 9 ,octob]            
,caulifl[] 9 ,novemb]   ,caulifl[] &    
,brussels ,spr\ts 9 ,decemb]            
,caulifl[] & ,brussels ,spr\ts 9 ,janu>y
   ,brussels ,spr\ts 9 ,febru>y         
,brussels ,spr\ts 9 ,m>*  ,?is ord] (   
crops c be v>i$ to suit conditions4  ,! 
old practice ( gr[+ vegetables 9 b$s    
usually entails m labor & exp5se ?an !  
crop is wor?2 & x has _h ! effect (     
driv+ m ?an "o boy f ! f>m4 ,^! b$s     
always ne$ we$+ on ,saturdays1 holidays1
 circus days1 & ! ,f\r? ( ,july4 ,ev5 if
 ! available area is only tw5ty feet    
wide1 ! r[s %\ld run l5g?wise & be f>   
en\gh ap>t 7f "o to two feet = small    
/uff7 to all[ ( ! use ( ! h& :eelhoes1  
_m ( :i* are v effici5t4 ,if l& is      

available = horse tillage1 none ( ! r[s 
%\ld be less ?an ?irty in*es ap>t1 & =  
late gr[+ ?+s1 z l>ge cabbage1 f\r feet 
is bett]4 ,if ! r[s are long1 x may be  
necess>y to gr[ two or ?ree k9ds (      
vegetables 9 ! same r[2 9 ?is case x is 
important t vegetables requir+ ! same   
g5]al treatm5t & simil> l5g? ( season be
 gr[n toge!r4 ,= example1 a r[ conta9+  
p>snips & salsify1 or p>snips1 salsify1 
& late c>rots w\ld af=d an ideal        
comb9ation2 b a r[ conta9+ p>snips1     
cabbages1 & lettuce w\ld be a v faulty  
comb9ation4 ,"o "p ( ! area %\ld be set 
aside = all simil> crops4 ,= example1   
all root crops might be gr[n on "o side 
( ! plot1 all cabbage crops 9 ! adjo9+  
space1 all tomato & eggplant crops 9 !  
c5t]1 all corn & tall ?+s on ! opposite 
side4 ,p]5nnial crops1 z asp>agus &     
rhub>b1 & g>d5+ /ructures1 z hotb$s &   
frames1 %\ld be on ! bord]1 :]e !y w n  
int]f]e ) ! pl[+ & till+4 7,pr9ciples ( 
,vegetable ,g>d5+1 page #ca47  ,usually 
:]e l>ge acreages are work$ !re is a    

t5d5cy to devote a great] portion ( ! l&
 to "o crop & sometimes a failure 9 ?is 
crop w mean ru9 to ! f>m]1 :]eas1 :]e   
small areas are us$1 !re is g5]ally a   
div]sity ( ! high]-pric$ crops & a      
failure 9 "o is n s likely to be        
disa/r\s4  ,to get ! greate/ production 
f ! soil two crops c be gr[n 9 ! same   
soil at ! same "t--"o ( :i* w mature mu*
 e>li] ?an ! o!r1 !reby giv+ its place  
up j ab\t ! p]iod ( gr[? :5 ! second    
crop w\ld ne$ m room4 ,?is is kn[n z    
companion cropp+4  ,9 companion cropp+  
!re is a ma9 crop & a second>y crop4    
,ord9>ily ! ma9 crop occupies ! middle  
"p & lat] "p ( ! season4 ,! second>y    
crop matures e>ly 9 ! season1 leav+ !   
gr\nd free = ! ma9 crop4 ,9 "s cases !  
same species is us$ = bo? crops1 z :5   
late cel]y is plant$ betwe5 ! r[s ( e>ly
 cel]y4  ,foll[+ are examples ( "s      
companion crops3    ,radi%es ) beets or 
c>rots4 ,! radi%es c be sold be=e !     
beets ne$ ! room4    ,corn ) squa%es1   
citron1 pumpk91 or beans 9 hills4       

,e>ly onions & caulifl[] or cabbage4    
,hors]adi% & e>ly cabbage4   ,lettuce ) 
e>ly cabbage4    7,pr9ciples (          
,vegetable ,g>d5+1 page #ahd47  ,if     
fruit trees be plant$1 vegetables may be
 gr[n 9 r[s4 ,z soon z ! e>ly vegetables
 mature !y are remov$1 & a midsumm] crop
 plant$4 ,^! are foll[$ by a fall or    
w9t] crop4  ,radi%es1 lettuce1 & cabbage
 gr[ at ! same "t & on ! area =m]ly us$ 
= "o crop4 ,e>ly potatoes & e>ly        
caulifl[] are foll[$ by ,brussels spr\ts
 & cel]y1 two crops be+ z easily gr[n z 
"o by intellig5t h&l+4 ,! be/ beans are 
gr[n among fruit trees4  ,! pr9ciples ( 
d\ble-cropp+ are summ>iz$ by ,pr(essor  
,?omas ,%aw1 9 ,! ,m>ket ,g>d54  ,onion 
sets may be plant$ e>ly 9 ! season &    
onion se$s may !n be s[n4 ,betwe5 ! r[s 
caulifl[] may be plant$4 ,lat] betwe5 ! 
caulifl[]1 two or ?ree cucumb] se$s may 
be dropp$4 ,! onion sets up ar\nd !     
caulifl[] may be tak5 out fir/1 & !     
caulifl[]s 9 turn may be remov$ 9 "t to 
let ! cucumb]s develop4  ,midway betwe5 

! r[s ( onions gr[n f se$s1 we c plant  
radi%es1 lettuce1 pepp]grass1 sp9a*1 or 
"s o!r e>ly reli%1 :i* w h ample "t to  
gr[ & to be consum$ be=e h>m c come to !
 onions f ! %ade ( any "o ( ^! crops4   
,:5 ! onions are well gr[n1 turnips c be
 s[n midway betwe5 _! r[s4  ,s we get   
two crops ( onions1 besides caulifl[]s1 
cucumb]s1 & turnips (f ! same place4    
,we$s won't h mu* *ance 9 soil treat$ l 
t4  ,multum 9 ,p>vo ,g>d5+ 7,samuel     
,wood7 claims ,l #fbj 7#cajj7 f "o acre 
by ! exp5diture ( consid]able capital 9 
gr[+ fruit aga9/ brick walls--x co/ ov] 
#cajj to prep>e ! l&1 ( :i* ! walls co/ 
#bcjj4 ,9 ?is sy/em ! fruit trees are   
prun$ & tra9$ till !y look l firem5's   
ladd]s4  ,9 ! suburbs ( ,p>is1 ev5 )\t  
su* co/ly ?+s ) only ?irty-six y>ds (   
frames = se$l+s1 vegetables are gr[n 9 !
 op5 air to ! value ( ,l #bjj p] acre4  
7,fields1 ,factories & ,work%ops1 page  
#hj47  ,at ! pres5t "t1 = fully #ajj    
miles along ! ,rhone1 & 9 ! lat]al      
valleys ( ! ,arde*e & ! ,drome1 ! c\ntry

 is an admirable or*>d1 f :i* millions  
wor? ( fruit is export$1 & ! l& atta9s !
 sell+ price ( f ,l #cbe 7#afbe7 to ,l  
#djj 7#bjjj7 ! acre4 ,small plots ( l&  
are cont9ually reclaim$ = culture ^u e  
crag4 7,same1 page #acc47  ,9 ,cali=nia 
we he> 7f ,george ,p4 ,ke5ey7 t :ile    
good truck & fruit l&s usually sell =   
#be to #cej p] acre1 ! l& ) full-be>+   
fruit or nut trees (t5 sells at #ajjj1 &
 ev5 up to #bjjj p] acre4 ,!re is no    
reason :y any intellig5t p]sons %\ld n  
make _! l& increase 9 ! same way4  ,!   
,london ,daily ,news reports t 9 "o ye>1
 :i* 0 n a good season = all crops1 on a
 half acre ( l&1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,v9c5t1 (   
,brighton1 ,engl&1 rais$ ! foll[+       
products3  #bffj cabbages1 #gj bu%els   
sp9a*1 #iej caulifl[]s1 p>sley1 #adfj   
lettuces1 #ffj broccoli1 #af bu%els     
potatoes1 #ai-a_/d bu%els ,brussels     
spr\ts1 #ajf-a_/b gallons peas1 #abj    
gallons arti*okes1 fl[]s1 #bfg vegetable
 m>r[s1 #bigf c>rots1 #bfd bundles      
radi%es1 #ad gallons ,fr5* beans1 #ab   

gallons currants' #ie-a_/b punnets      
mu/>d1 #bg p\nds mu%rooms1 rhub>b1 #idh 
bu%els spr\t tops1 #ch doz5 leeks1 #aaej
 plants1 #aa-a_/d gallons broad beans1  
#ig bundles sea-kale1 #igh bundles (    
asp>agus-kale1 #ejd beet roots1 #biac   
gallons gooseb]ries1 #bai bundles m9t1  
#bj bundles sage1 #ah bundles ( f5nel1  
?yme1 besides "o c>tload ( /ones4  ,mr4 
,v9c5t expla9s h[ he came to g into     
int5sive cultivation3 ,a few ye>s ago ! 
doctors said if ,i did n g out m ,i c\ld
 n live4 ,v well1 j at t "t !re 0 an    
outcry ab\t ! l& n pay+ = cultivation4  
,i c\ld n und]/& ?is1 = z a boy at sev5 
ye>s ( age ,i _h to g out to f>m "w1    
!re=e ,i nev] w5t to s*ool4 ,anyh[ ,i   
?\ght some?+ 0 v wrong if ! l& w\ld n   
pay2 s1 to compel myself to g out 9 !   
fre% air1 ,i took an allotm5t on !      
,sussex ,d[ns to "w 9 ! e>ly morn+ be=e 
my daily duties began4 ,i might say t ,i
 am a wait]1 & h be5 9 my pres5t        
situation =ty ye>s1 s y c und]/& ,i c\ld
 n "k mu* ( l& or g>d5 "w ,i c\ld n see 

my way cle> 9 ! few sp>e h\rs ,i get to 
take m ?an half an acre ( l& to g>d5    
e>ly1 especially z ,i />t$ kn[+         
practically no?+ ab\t su* "w1 b ,i c    
manage to d my half acre all alone4  ,my
 g>d5 is situat$ on ! ,brighton ,race   
,hill ridge1 & twelve ye>s ago x 0 b f\r
 in*es ( soil on *alk1 b ,i n[ h a foot 
( soil on ! :ole ( ! half acre1 & ye> by
 ye> my pr(its increase4  ,yes1 get ! m5
 to /op on ! l& 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,we ought 
n to h workh\ses4 ,e man c\ld live1 &   
live well1 if he c\ld get ! l&1 & w\ld  
"w x z x %\ld be work$4  ,f>m]s & l&[n]s
 grumble because ! l& does n pay4 ,n[ = 
! fault4 ,x is q evid5t x is n ! l&1    
!re=e1 x mu/ be ! fault ( ! man4 ,v     
well1 get ! l& f ^! l&$ proprietors1 by 
sale pref]r$1 & let x out to m51 n by   
#ajjj acres1 z no man c f>m well a ?\s& 
acres 9 ,engl&2 let ! f>ms be greatly   
r$uc$1 & !n ! l& c be treat$ z x %\ld   
be4 ,mo/ ( u h *ildr51 & we all "k h[ we
 love & treat !m4 ,treat ! l& 9 ! same  
mann]1 fe$ x1 & keep x clean1 & y w h no

 cause to compla94 ,! l& ( old ,engl& is
 z good z x ev] 04  ,i h s]i\s ?\ghts ( 
op5+ a k9d ( s*ool = p :o w\ld l to make
 #ejj a ye> on an acre4 ,x is to be     
done1 & done easily4 ,i d "k t "o man   
alone c manage two acres1 & at ! end (  
?is ye> ,i %all be able to tell h[ mu* m
 he c manage alone1 s "u my sy/em "o c  
ga9 ,l #d a week (f two acres & d all   
"o's self4  ,if ! l& w produce ov] "o   
hundr$ p\nds p] ye> p] acre1 is x n     
wrong = a man to h1 say1 #ejj or #ajjj  
acres :i* 9 no way c he prop]ly manage2 
z1 9 ! fir/ place1 he _c fe$ su* an     
acreage1 let alone keep x clean & ga!r 9
 8 crops8  ,9 tru?1 :at an acre may     
produce dep5ds on "t1 place1 &          
circum/ances ,! product ( ! be/ acre (  
l& s situat$ t its product c\ld be sold 
at retail 9 a ne>-by m>ket1 & :i* has   
be5 cultivat$ "u ! be/ managem5t = a t]m
 ( ye>s1 w\ld provide a v com=table     
liv+4 ,! product ( o!r acres1 measur$ by
 :at !y produce to ! cultivator 9 liv+1 
decl9es ?r\gh v>i\s grades d[n to almo/ 

no?+ on ! acre f> f railroads or        
difficult ( access4  ,:ile 9 quantity & 
quality ! lea/ favor$ acre c\ld be made 
to produce z mu* z "o be/ situat$1 yet1 
almo/ none ( its production w\ld be     
available to sell1 :ile ! product ( !   
favorably locat$ acre c\ld be sold z    
rapidly z gr[n4     ,,*apt] ,,viii  ,,! 
,,kit*5 ,,g>d5   ,! aim ( ! kit*5 g>d5  
is to provide an abundance & v>iety (   
food = ! family4 ,z ! object ( !        
cultivator is to get ! l>ge/ product = 8
 labor1 he ought to produce all t he c  
consume on ! lea/ possible area4 ,?\gh  
"o may g into mu%rooms or frog rais+ z a
 money crop1 ! kit*5 g>d5 is ! fir/     
indisp5sable & %\ld fir/ be giv5        
att5tion4  ,= a g>d5 *oose a piece ( l& 
) a s\!rn exposure1 %elt]$ on ! nor? &  
we/ by woods1 build+s1 h$ge1 or any k9d 
( a w9dbreak4 ,?is arrangem5t w give !  
e>lie/ g>d51 = x gets all ! sun !re is4 
,by runn+ ! r[s nor? & s\?1 ! rays ( !  
sun /rike ! ea/]n side ( ! r[ 9 ! morn+1
 & ! we/]n side 9 ! aft]noon4  ,! be/ "t

 to take hold ( a piece ( l& is 9 !     
fall1 because !n x c be pl[$ ready = !  
spr+ plant+4 ,! alt]nate freez+ & ?aw+  
dur+ ! w9t] breaks up ! sod & ! /iff    
lumps ?r[n up by ! pl[1 s r5d]+ ! soil  
pliable & easily work$4 ,?is is         
especially true ( l& t has be5 reclaim$ 
f ! =e/1 or :i* has n be5 f>m$ = _m     
ye>s4  ,be=e ! pl[+ is done1 ! l& = !   
g>d5 %\ld be manur$ at ! rate (         
tw5ty-five l>ge wagon loads to ! acre4  
,if y c get a suitable plot t has be5 9 
r$ clov]1 alfalfa1 soy beans1 or c[peas 
= a numb] ( ye>s1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,^!    
plants h on _! roots nitrog5-fix+       
bact]ia1 :i* draw nitrog5 f ! air4      
,nitrog5 is ! great meat-mak] & =ces a  
prolong$ & rapid gr[? ( all vegetables4 
,aft] manur+ & pl[+1 h>r[ repeat$ly ) a 
disk or cutaway h>r[ until ! soil is z  
f9e z du/4 ,!n y h a se$ b$ :i* w give !
 f9e roots a *ance to gr[ z soon z !    
se$s spr\t4 ,too mu* /ress _c be laid ^u
 ! importance ( ?or\ghly work+ ! soil at
 ?is "t4 ,e /one1 we$1 or clod t is left

 9 ! soil de/roys to t ext5t ! s\rce f  
:i* ! plants c get _! food4  ,a         
qu>t]-acre g>d51 :i* is big en\gh to    
supply ! :ole family ) a succession (   
vegetables = summ] & fall1 z well z "s  
potatoes & turnips = w9t]1 w take a     
dilig5t workman ab\t f\r days to dig ov]
 & ?ree days to plant4 ,! f\r days' "w (
 digg+ w ne$ to be done only once4 ,! "t
 sp5t ^u plant+ succession crops w dep5d
 ^u ! am\nt ( ! g>d5 res]v$ = rotation4 
,! "p kept = lettuce1 radi%es1 sp9a*1   
beets1 ,swiss *>d1 peas1 /r+ & wax beans
 may be digg$ ov] 9 a favorable season =
 ?ree successive plant+s1 :ile ! "p     
devot$ to e>ly potatoes w\ld ne$ to be  
digg$ only twice--once :5 ! plant+ is   
done1 & aga9 :5 crop is ga!r$ & ! gr\nd 
be prep>$ = a crop ( late cabbage or    
turnips4 ,a plant+ table = vegetables1  
:i* is complete & compreh5sive1 is      
di/ribut$ free by ! ,national ,em]g5cy  
,food ,g>d5 ,commission at ,wa%+ton1    
,d4,c4  ,x is f> m important to plant   
se$s at ! prop] dep? ?an t !y %\ld be   

plant$ ?9ly or ?ickly1 = if !y are      
plant$ too ?91 x makes a sort (         
advantage by giv+ ! individual plants   
ample room to develop to l>ge size2 & if
 plant$ too ?ick1 ! evil c easily be    
rem$i$ by ?9n+ or transplant+4  ,aft] ! 
se$s come up1 ! size ( almo/ all !      
vegetables c be increas$ by transplant+1
 9 favorable soil1 :i* gives ea* plant  
room = complete developm5t4  ,x is too  
exp5sive to risk "p ( ! l& be+ unus$ or 
half us$ on acc\nt ( se$s dy+1 or to put
 9 s _m se$s 9 ord] to insure gr[? t !y 
w cr[d "o ano!r4 ,:]e possible1 !re=e1  
se$s %\ld be spr\t$ & plant$1 n s[n4    
,lima beans plant$ on edge ) eye d[n w  
come up mu* soon] ?an if dropp$ 9       
c>elessly s !y h to turn !mselves ov]4  
,9 a small g>d5 ! "t sav$ by su* plant+ 
w repay ! extra tr\ble4  ,9 "s ?+s l    
onions & radi%es1 h[ev]1 x is bett] to  
s[ !m ?ick1 & !n ?9 !m out1 s z to get !
 effect ( transplant+ )\t s mu* labor4  
,9 o!rs1 l lettuce & all ! salad plants1
 transplant+ gives new life & en]gy &   

develops ! individual plants 9 a way t w
 a/oni% ^? n famili> ) :at free         
developm5t means4  ,x is wise to plant  
corn aft] lettuce & radi%es are ga!r$1 &
 m lettuce1 corn1 or salad1 aft] ! beans
 are pick$4 ,!n late crops1 cabbage1    
caulifl[] or sp9a*1 c g :]e e>ly corn   
grew1 s t ! small pat* may e>n y\r liv+ 
& pay big divid5ds4  ,d n let two       
vegetables ( ! same botanical family    
foll[ ea* o!r4 ,= in/ance1 lima beans   
%\ld n foll[ gre5 beans or peas1 z all !
 family draw ab\t ! same elem5ts f !    
soil1 & are likely to h ! same insects &
 diseases4  ,d n plant cucumb]s1 squa%1 
or pumpk9s too ne> ea* o!r1 z !y w (t5  
int]-impregnate & produce uneatable     
hybrids4  ,decide :at y are go+ to d )  
y\r crop be=e y plant x1 :e!r to sell x1
 at :olesale or at retail1 to eat x1 or 
to fe$ x to /ock4  ,c4 ,e4 ,hunn1 9 !   
,g>d5 ,magaz9e1 gives ! foll[+          
arrangem5t3 ,= ! beg9n] :o wants to get 
fre% vegetables & fruits f ,may until   
midw9t]1 a space #ajj ,x #bjj feet is   

en\gh4  #a4 ,plant 9 r[s1 n b$s1 & avoid
 ! backa*e4  #b4 ,plant vegetables t    
mature at ! same "t ne> "o ano!r4  #c4  
,plant vegetables ( ! same height ne>   
toge!r--tall ones back4  #d4 ,run ! r[s 
! %ort way1 = conv5i5ce 9 cultivation & 
because "o hundr$ feet ( any?+ is en\gh4
  #e4 ,put ! p]man5t vegetables         
7asp>agus1 rhub>b1 sweet h]bs7 at "o    
side1 s t ! re/ w be easy to pl[4  #f4  
,practice rotation4 ,d n put v9es :]e !y
 7 la/4 ,put corn 9 a diff]5t place4 ,! 
o!r important gr\ps = rotation are root 
crops 7includ+ potatoes & onions72      
cabbage tribe1 peas & beans1 tomatoes1  
eggplant & pepp]1 salad plants4  #g4    
,don't gr[ potatoes 9 a small g>d54 ,!y 
ar5't wor? ! bo!r4  ,by tra9+ on trellis
 or wire1 ! small] fruit plant+s c be   
made mu* clos]4  ,if fruits are want$ 9 
! g>d51 plant a r[ ( apple trees along !
 nor!rn bord]1 plums & pe>s on ! we/]n  
sides1 *]ries & pea*es on ! ea/]n side4 
,next ! apple trees run a grape trellis2
 & !n 9 succession ea/ & we/1 run a r[ (

 blackb]ries1 raspb]ries1 gooseb]ries1 &
 currants4 ,^! r[s1 ) ! apple trees1 =m 
a w9dbreak1 & besides add+ to ! income1 
protect ! vegetables4 ,next to ! bu%    
fruits1 betwe5 !m & ! ends ( ! vegetable
 r[s1 put rhub>b1 asp>agus1 &           
/rawb]ries4  ,insect pe/s mu/ be wat*$ =
 & _! de/ructive "w *eck$4 ,a%es1 slak$ 
lime1 or any k9d ( du/ or p[d] de/roy   
mo/ insects :i* prey on ! leaves (      
plants4 ,! reason = ?is is t ! du/      
closes ! pores ?r\gh :i* ! insects      
brea!4 ,x %\ld !re=e be appli$ :5 !     
leaves are dry4  ,cutworms c be de/roy$ 
by w9t] pl[+4 ,rotation ( vegetables w  
r$uce ! damage f insects1 because ea*   
family has its peculi> bugs4 ,by con/ant
 *ange to new soil1 ! pe/s h no         
opportunity to get a foo?old4  ,) bugs1 
z ) boys1 only ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 !m & 
!re=e und]/& !m c manage !m4 ,x is fun  
to /udy ! insects--& x pays4  ,"h's     
ano!r use ( l&4 ,maybe a pool 9 y\r g>d5
 or a dam 9 a little brook 9 x may help 
out y\r home g>d5 bank acc\nt4 ,( c\rse 

a pond a few squ>e y>ds 9 ext5t w give  
ev5 bett] returns if y c sell its       
produce at retail ne> by4  ,w4 ,b4 ,%aw1
 a sev5ty-ye>-old vet]an :o lo/ 8 "r arm
 dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 lives 9 ,k5ilwor?1  
,d4 ,c41 & cle>s #aejj an acre e ye> out
 ( mud puddles--if mud puddles c be     
measur$ by ! acre4  ,mr4 ,%aw is a pond 
lily f>m]1 & despite 8 lack ( 8 good "r 
arm1 he poles 8 boat ab\t 8 mud puddles 
& ga!rs 9 ! pond lilies4 ,8 is n exactly
 a dry f>m & nei!r wet nor cl\dy wea!r  
bo!rs him4 ,fur!rmore1 ! dem& = 8 pond  
lilies 9 ,baltimore1 ,wa%+ton1          
,philadelphia1 & ev5 ,new ,york1 &      
,*icago1 is great] ?an he c supply4     
,mr4 ,%aw secur$ ?is swamp = almo/ no?+1
 z x 0 consid]$ wor?less4 ,he divid$ x  
into fifte5 pools ) little dams betwe5  
!m1 & roll]s on ! dams to enable him to 
drag 8 boat f "o to ! o!r4 ,f ,may to   
late 9 ,septemb] he is busy e morn+     
ga!r+ lilies4 ,8 av]age is ab\t #ejj a  
morn+1 :i* he %ips 9 little galvaniz$   
iron tanks ) wet moss4  ,_m s*ool *ildr5

 "k h[ to get results on a little l&4   
,mr4 ,mahoney1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,fairview
 ,g>d5 ,s*ool1 ,yonk]s1 ,new ,york1     
e/imates t ! total value ( produce gr[n 
on ! #bej g>d5s1 compos+ ! s*ool plot1 9
 all ab\t "o & "o qu>t] acres ( l&1 0   
#acjh1 or at ! rate ( m ?an a ?\s&      
doll>s p] acre4 ,:5 x is tak5 into      
consid]ation t all ! labor 0 done by    
boys rang+ 9 age f eight to twelve ye>s1
 ?is result is truly a/oni%+4  ,:at may 
n adult skill$ labor produce :5 appli$  
freely to ! l&4     ,,*apt] ,,ix        
,,tools ,,& ,,equipm5t--,,specializ$    
,,crops   ,to subdue ! l& ) an ax1 a pl[
 & a spade is possible2 millions ( acres
 h be5 s subdu$4 ,?is me?od1 h[ev]1 is !
 mo/ exp5sive ( all1 z 9 our times1     
m>kets won't wait1 & ! man :o wants to  
get on mu/ produce z quickly z possible4
 ,to d s1 he mu/ h ! be/ tools4 ,!y w   
pay = !mselves _m times ov] 9 a s+le    
ye>4 ,= ! f>m1 ! foll[+ li/1 9 addition 
to a well-/ock$ tool *e/ 7hamm]1 saw1   
plane1 ax1 etc47 cov]s ! indisp5sible3  

#a team horses 7^! may be hir$7 #bjj4jj 
#a walk+ pl[ #aj4jj   #a disk or cutaway
 h>r[ #be4jj   #a f>m wagon #ej4jj   #a 
cultivator 7two horse7 #be4jj   #a      
"o-horse cultivator #h4jj   ,%ovels1    
pick1 mattock or grubb+ hoe #aj4jj   ,"w
 h>ness = two horses #be4jj    ,,total  
#cec4jj  ,^! ?+s y mu/ h to get ! l& 9  
prop] %ape = se$s or plants2 b special  
crops require special tools4 ,a scy! is 
good to keep we$s away f f5ces4 ,a      
sickle is h&y to keep d[n grass4 ,to    
r$uce liv+ exp5ses1 a c[ = #fj1 & fifty 
h5s at fifty c5ts ea*1 say #be1 w supply
 a l>ge family ) milk & eggs4 ,mo/ p    
make ! mi/ake ( buy+ too _m ?+s & ^!    
poorly select$4 ,x is bett] to h too few
 tools ?an too _m1 = tools are (t5      
dropp$ :]e la/ us$1 & s are lo/4 ,!n if 
money is sc>ce1 y may n be able to make 
a %elt] = y\r ma*9es & tools1 & !y w ru/
 ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,_m f>m]s1 ?r\gh neglect1
 h to replace _! tool equipm5t e f\r or 
five ye>s1 b ) att5tion & c>e1 ! orig9al
 equipm5t1 ev5 to ! team1 ought /ill to 

be 9 use tw5ty ye>s aft] _! pur*ase4 ,i 
"k _m in/ances :]e ?is is true4 ,! above
 equipm5t is ! m9imum = beg9n+ "w4 ,! "*
 ( additions to x w dep5d mu* ^u ! crops
 :i* y select z ! money gett]s4  ,=     
g5]al m>ket g>d5+ & ! kit*5 g>d5 too1 ! 
foll[+ tool li/1 toge!r ) ! above1 w    
include ev]y?+ absolutely necess>y4     
,:eel hoe #f4jj   ,spade & =k1 ea* #a4jj
 #b4jj   ,pu% hoe 4#fe   ,wat]+ c 4#fj  
,rake & common hoe #a4jj   ,bulb spray] 
4#be   ,tr[el 4#aj    ,,total #aj4fj  ,!
 :eel hoe is a great sav]--( backa*e1   
especially to ! beg9n]2 z ,w>n] says1 at
 ! be/ y w conclude t = g>d5+ purposes a
 ca/-iron back ) a h+e 9 x is pref]able 
to ! ones n[ 9 use4  ,! dibble1 an old  
tool h&le1 or a bit ( broom/ick %>p5$1 &
 g>d5 l9es to get ! r[s /raight1 labels1
 tomato supports1 plant protectors &    
/akes e>l all be homemade out ( old     
mat]ial4 ,! full outfit w\ld include !  
foll[+3    ,roll] #h4jj   ,:eel-hoe )   
se$] #h4ej   ,spray] #c4ge   ,:eelb>r[  
#d4jj   ,cr[b> #a4ej   ,we$] 4#ce  ,=   

su* crops z admit ( horse cultivation a 
horse hoe w save a great deal ( "t4  ,! 
we$] is a c\s9 to ! pu% hoe & has a     
zigzag blade = cutt+ (f "y we$s :i* are 
j />t+ above gr\nd4 ,x is pu%$ backw>d &
 =w>d & cuts bo? ways4 ,x is v good =   
s(t gr\nd2 on a h>d] pat* use ! pu% hoe4
  ,a m>ket g>d5 is really a big kit*5   
g>d51 f :i* ! cultivator supplies n only
 8 own family1 b 8 neighbors1 ! public4 
,to run a successful m>ket g>d5 = pr(it1
 l& suitably situat$ ne> transportation 
& m>kets1 a l>ge supply ( /able manure1 
hotb$s = rais+ plants1 crates = %ipp+1  
wagons = deliv]+1 & a complete outfit ( 
tools are necess>y4 ,y mu/ raise all    
sorts ( vegetables & salad plants 9     
quantities suffici5tly l>ge to ju/ify y 
9 giv+ y\r :ole "t to ! "w4 ,an acre    
devot$ to g5]al m>ket g>d5+ c\ld be     
att5d$ to by two m5 ) "s extra help =   
m>ket+4  ,to get a place fully e/abli%$ 
on new1 ri* l& requires two or ?ree     
ye>s4 ,on worn-out l& x w\ld take long] 
to build x up to ! high f]tility ne$$ = 

maximum production4 ,crops l asp>agus & 
rhub>b take two ye>s to e/abli% on a    
remun]ative basis4 ,if bu% fruits are   
rais$1 ?ree ye>s are requir$ to get     
maximum results4 ,s 9 />t+1 l& %\ld be  
b\ght outright or leas$ = t5 ye>s4  ,9  
m>ket g>d5+ = pr(it1 "o acre might be   
devot$ to vegetables1 "o acre to small  
fruits2 /rawb]ries1 raspb]ries1         
blackb]ries1 currants1 gooseb]ries1 etc4
 & "o acre kept = build+s1 p\ltry1 etc4 
,an en]getic man c\ld cle> "o ?\s&      
doll>s a ye> besides 8 liv+1 aft] he got
 a />t1 & be absolutely indep5d5t2 t is1
 unless "s pr$atory railroad corporation
 c\ld confiscate 8 pr(its be=e 8 product
 rea*$ ! m>ket4  ,"s p]sons are j       
naturally s successful ) plants t if !y 
/uck an umbrella 9 ! gr\nd we %\ld      
expect to see x blossom out into        
p>asols--b !y don't "k :y x does1 & !y  
c't tea* any "o else h[ to d x4  ,any   
fool c sne] at book f>m+ or at any?+    
else1 b y c h>dly succe$ )\t ! be/ books
 by practical m54 ,d n let "s exp]i5c$  

ignoramus talk y out ( exp]im5t+ "u _!  
guidance4 ,y w le>n little )\t exp]i5ce1
 & unless y h ! gr[]'s in/9ct1 y w le>n 
less )\t books4  ,don't be hypnotiz$ by 
long exp]i5ce or by success4 ,h>dly     
anybody kn[s 8 own bus9ess4 ,y mu/ h    
notic$ t few ( ! p y buy ( or sell to1  
"k any m ( _! goods ?an y d4  ,x is j ! 
same ) trades4 ,h>dly a b>b] kn[s t he  
%\ld n %ave y aga9/ ! gra9 ( ! sk94 ,ev5
 ! cat won't /& be+ rubb$ up ! wrong    
way2 b ! b>b] nev] ?\ght ( t4  ,we      
lawy]s & ! doctors are suppos$ to be    
?or\gh 9 our own field--,i said lately  
to "o ( ! able/ m5 at ! ,new ,york ,b>1 
,ab\t "o lawy] 9 a hundr$ kn[s 8        
bus9ess4 ,he said1 ,t is a gross        
ov]e/imate4 ,%ortly aft] ,i talk$ ) ?ree
 ,judges1 "o ( ! ,city ,c\rt1 "o ( !    
,supreme ,c\rt1 & "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,circuit1 & !y ea* agre$ t my fri5d's   
rem>k 0 ab\t true1 & t 9 mo/ cases      
litigants w\ld d z well )\t lawy]s z )  
!m4  ,if t is true1 :at *ance is !re t  
an un$ucat$ man :o has rais$ g>d5 sass  

ev] s9ce he 0 a boy1 & se5 8 fa!r d x   
be=e him1 c tea* y correctly8  ,m5 le>n 
v sl[ly by exp]i5ce1 because no two     
exp]i5ces are exactly alike1 unless !y  
p]ceive & apply ! pr9ciples "u !        
exp]i5ce4  ,an intellig5t man accu/om$  
to inve/igation c le>n m ab\t a         
specialty 9 a week's /udy ?an an untra9$
 practition] c believe 9 a ye>4  ,:at ! 
untra9$ tea*] c tell u is ( little      
acc\nt2 :at he %[s u is ano!r matt]4    
,!re=e get help :o "k t !y don't "k     
any?+ ab\t a g>d5 & :o consequ5tly w d )
 a w exactly :at y tell !m to d2 su*    
labor is *eap--:y %\ld y pay extravagant
 prices = skill to a man :o has succe$$ 
s poorly t he c only e>n day's wages8 ,y
 c get mu* bett] k at less co/ f a book4
 ,/udy & put y\r k into practice        
y\rself1 :]e y see promise ( a pr(it4   
,almo/ e crop c be made a specialty4 ,9 
proportion z special crops are pr(itable
 :5 conditions are "r1 s are !y s\rces (
 loss :5 ?+s g wrong4 ,if1 aft] y\r fir/
 season 9 ! c\ntry1 "s special crop     

takes y\r fancy1 give extra space & "t  
to x ! second ye> & see if y are        
successful 9 h&l+ an eigh? or a qu>t]   
acre4 ,if s1 y may ext5d y\r op]ations z
 rapidly z purse & m>ket p]mit4  ,be=e  
conc5trat+ ^u any crop z ! *ief s\rce ( 
income1 a c>eful /udy mu/ be made ( all 
! conditions surr\nd+ its production2 a 
crop is n produc$ 9 ! broad mean+ ( t   
t]m until x is actually 9 ! h&s ( !     
consum]4  ,potatoes1 = in/ance1 are gr[n
 by ! hundr$ acres 9 sections adapt$ to 
_! gr[?1 & special ma*9]y co/+ hundr$s (
 doll>s is us$ 9 plant+1 cultivat+1 &   
h>ve/+ ! crop4 ,! good %ipp+ & keep+    
qualities ( ! potato enable x to be     
rais$ f> f m>kets & s br+s into         
competition *eap l& work$ 9 l>ge areas1 
) l>ge capital4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 h[ev]1 !
 small cultivator c usually make money  
if he c sell 8 potatoes directly to !   
consum]4  ,if y\r l& is s situat$ t y c 
put y\r individuality into ! crop & c   
control all ! circum/ances1 prep>ation (
 l&1 plant+1 cultivation1 h>ve/+1 &     

m>ket+1 y\r *ances ( success are        
immeasurably increas$4 ,z soon z any    
important "p mu/ be tru/$ to "s "o      
beyond y\r control1 dang] arises4       
,assidu\s c>e 9 plant+1 cultivat+1 &    
pack+ w avail no?+ if ! product falls   
into ! h&s ( transportation companies or
 commission m]*ants indiff]5t z to :at  
becomes ( x4 ,x is !re=e bett] to be q  
indep5d5t1 sell y\r own crop1 & h ! :ole
 op]ation 9 y\r own h&s f ! v beg9n+4   
,g5]ally speak+1 se$ gr[+ = ! m>ket is a
 highly develop$ special bus9ess :i* is 
usually c>ri$ on by companies op]at+ )  
l>ge capital1 able to employ ! be/      
exp]ts1 & to avail !mselves ( all !     
advantages ( sci5tific me?ods 9 culture1
 reg>dless ( exp5se4 ,s unc]ta9 is !    
bus9ess1 t ev5 ) all ^! facilities1 !y  
r>ely gu>antee se$s4 ,x is obvi\s t !   
amateur has little *ance ( succe$+ 9 su*
 a difficult bus9ess4 ,nev]!less1 he w  
be able aft] a few seasons ( increas+   
exp]i5ce to ga!r se$s f select$ plants &
 s furni% 8 own supply4 ,x mu/ be borne 

9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t plants c be improv$ by  
cross bre$+ & t by keep+ a v>iety too   
long on ! same gr\nd its quality        
det]iorates1 & ! plant t5ds to rev]t to 
! type natural to x be=e dome/ication4  
,:5 l& is cropp$ e season1 ! nitrog51   
pota%1 & phosphorus remov$ f ! soil mu/ 
be replac$ 9 "s =m1 o!rwise y h dim9i%+ 
returns1 :ile ! exp5se = labor is !     
same4 ,9 f>m+ small areas = specialties 
y _c easily invoke ! pr9ciple ( rotation
 by enri*+ ! l& ) legumes1 to be pl[$ "u
 :ile gre51 ! bact]ia on ! roots ( :i*  
ga!r nitrog5 f ! air1 b y mu/ get /able 
manure or buy *emical f]tiliz]s to      
ma9ta9 ! f]tility4  ,special crops      
divide !mselves naturally into two      
classes3 ^? rais$ = imm$iate %ipm5t to  
m>ket1 & ^? to be haul$ to cann]ies4 ,! 
fir/ type are g5]ally prep>$ 9 a m      
exp5sive way1 & ne$ m c>e & att5tion4   
,ea* class requires its own special =ms 
( pack+ to con=m to m>ket peculi>ities  
fix$ by ! ta/e ( consum]s4  ,= !        
cultivation ( all specialties1 _m items 

( prep>ation are id5tical4 ,l& mu/ be   
well dra9$1 x mu/ conta9 a suffici5t    
am\nt ( humus1 or decay+ vegetable      
matt]1 to make x loose & por\s2 x mu/ be
 free f /icks & /ones or any =eign matt]
 likely to imp$e cultivation or ob/ruct 
gr[?4 ,! prop] =mation ( a se$ b$ is a  
prime pr]equisite to successful cropp+4 
,aft] ! l& is manur$ & pl[$ x %\ld be   
gone ov] 9 all directions ) a disk &    
smoo?+ h>r[1 until x is ( a du/like     
f95ess4  ,9 ?or\gh cultivation be=e !   
crop is plant$1 lies ! secret ( _m a    
success1 & 9 its neglect ! cause ( _m   
failures4 ,intellig5t h&l+ ( crops is 9 
a l>ge measure k ( ! influ5ce ( w9d &   
ra91 sun%9e & d>kness1 on ! p>ticul>    
nature ( ! plant ,delicate plants1 =    
example1 ought to be gr[n :]e build+s or
 =e/s break ! =ce ( prevail+ w9ds4      
,%elt]$ valleys 9 irrigat$ sections h   
prov$ ! be/ = int5sive cultivation4 ,=  
?\s&s ( ye>s 9 ,*9a & ,japan !          
conditions ( successful int5sive        
cultivation h be5 well und]/ood1 &      

to-day ! mo/ effici5t g>d5]s are !      
,*9ese4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,mexico1 = ! same  
reasons1 int5sive cultivation has rea*$ 
a high developm5t4 ,9 our own ,we/ we   
are cat*+ up on vegetables & fruits4    
,,*apt] ,x  ,,! ,,advantages ,,f        
,,capital   ,we h se5 :at a work] ) v   
little money c d & h[ he c succe$4 ,a   
small capital1 h[ev]1 c be us$ to       
increase ! returns to z great advantage 
on a small f>m z l>ge capital c be us$  
on a l>ge f>m & ) mu* less risk4  ,/able
 manure is /ill ! favorite article ) !  
masses ( g>d5]s4 ,"o ton ( ord9>y /able 
manure conta9s ab\t #abge p\nds (       
organic matt]1 c>ry+ eight p\nds (      
nitrog51 t5 p\nds ( pota%1 & f\r p\nds (
 phosphoric acid4  ,:5 ?or\ghly rott$1 !
 manure acquires a /ill l>g] p]c5tage ( 
plant food2 x is m valuable1 n only = t 
reason1 b also on acc\nt ( its imm$iate 
availability4 ,fur!r1 ! me*anical effect
 ( ?is manure 9 op5+ & loos5+ ! soil1   
all[+ air & w>m? to ent] m freely1 adds 
greatly to its value4  ,x is easily     

gott5 & (t5 goes :olly or 9 "p to wa/e4 
,on ! outskirts ( "s t[ns may be se5 a  
collection ( manure piles t h be5 haul$ 
out & dump$ 9 wa/e places4 ,! plant food
 9 ea* ton ( ?is manure is wor? at lea/ 
two doll>s--t is ! lea/ ,ea/]n f>m]s pay
 = simil> mat]ial1 & !y make money do+  
x4 ,yet almo/ e liv]yman has to pay "s  
"o = haul+ ! manure away4 ,?is is simply
 because f>m]s liv+ ne> ^! t[ns are     
miss+ a *ance to secure some?+ =        
no?+--because1 p]haps1 ! pr(it is n     
directly 9 sight4 ,b f mo/ soils !re is 
a h&some pr(it possible f a v small     
application ( /able manure4  ,:ile writ+
 ?is1 ,i saw a man 9 ,new ,ro*elle1 ,n4 
,y42 dump+ a load ( /reet sweep+s into a
 hole 9 a vacant lot4 ,x w\ld h be5 less
 wa/eful to h dump$ a bu%el ( potatoes  
into ! hole4  ,comm]cial f]tiliz]s are  
com+ m & m 9 use by m>ket g>d5]s1 & )   
reason4 ,if we exam9e a good f]tiliz]1  
analyz+ five p] c5t available nitrog51  
six p] c5t phosphoric acid1 & #h p] c5t 
pota%1 we %all f9d t "o ton ( x conta9s1

 besides less valuable +r$i5ts3 #ajj lb4
 nitrog51 #abj lb4 phosphoric acid1 #afj
 lb4 pota%4  ,su* f]tiliz]s probably    
retail at =ty to sixty doll>s p] ton1 & 
are fully wor? x4 ,all ?is plant food1 &
 p]haps "o half m1 c be drawn 9 a s+le  
load1 :ile x w take t5 su* loads ( /able
 manure to supply ! same am\nt ( plant  
food4  ,!re is no reason to be afraid ( 
too mu* f]tiliz]1 provid$ x is ev5ly    
di/ribut$ & ?or\ghly mix$ ?r\gh prop]ly 
prep>$ soil4 ,/+9ess 9 ?is item is poor 
economy4  ,nitrog5 is ! mo/ ess5tial    
food = plant gr[?4 ,x is an important   
elem5t ( plant food 9 manure4 ,9 ord9>y 
manure mo/ ( ! value is due to !        
nitrog51 al?\gh phosphoric acid & pota% 
are also pres5t4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! mo/     
available =m 9 nitrate ( soda4 ,nitrate 
( soda w b5efit all crops1 b x does n   
foll[ t x w pay to use x on all crops4  
,its co/ makes x unpr(itable to use on  
*eap crops2 b on ^? t yield a l>ge      
return nitrate ( soda is a v pr(itable  
inve/m5t4  ,x is %[n 9 ! exp]im5ts      

conduct$ ) nitrate ( soda on diff]5t    
crops t 9 ! case ( gra9 & =age crops1   
:i* utiliz$ ! nitrate q z completely z !
 m>ket g>d5 crops1 ! increas$ value (   
crops due to nitrate does n 9 any case  
exce$ #ad p] acre1 or a money return at 
! rate ( #h4ej p] #ajj p\nds ( nitrate  
us$1 :ile 9 ! case ( ! m>ket-g>d5 crops 
! value ( ! increas$ yield rea*es1 9 !  
case ( "o crop1 ! high figure ( ov] #bfc
 p] acre1 or at ! rate ( ab\t #ff p]    
#ajj p\nds ( nitrate4 7,new ,j]sey      
,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ations1 page  
#h1 ,no4 #agb47  ,pr(essor ,voorhees1 ( 
! same /ation1 exp]im5t$ ) tomatoes1 )  
^! results3    ,manure & ,f]tiliz] ,us$ 
,co/ ,p] ,acre ,value ( ,crop    ,no    
manure #bga4hh   #cj tons b>ny>d manure 
#cj4jj #bia4ge   #h tons manure & #djj  
lb4 f]tiliz] #ae4jj #cag4fc   #afj p\nds
 nitrate ( soda alone #d4jj #cfa4ac     
,su* common crops z tomatoes1 cabbage1  
turnips1 beets1 etc41 9 ord] to be      
highly pr(itable1 mu/ be gr[n & h>ve/$  
e>ly2 any "o c gr[ !m 9 _! regul>       

season2 _! gr[? mu/ be promot$ or =c$ z 
mu* z possible1 at ! "t :5 ! natural    
ag5cies are n active 9 ! *ange ( soil   
nitrog5 into available =ms1 & ! plants  
mu/1 !re=e1 be suppli$ artificially ) ! 
active =ms ( nitrog51 if a rapid &      
cont9u\s gr[? is to be ma9ta9$4  ,x is q
 possible to h a return ( #ej p] acre f 
! use ( #e wor? ( nitrate ( soda on     
crops ( high value1 z1 = example1 e>ly  
tomatoes1 beets1 cabbage1 etc4 ,?is is  
an extraord9>y return = ! money & labor 
inve/$2 /ill1 if ! increas$ value ( !   
crop 7 b #aj1 or ev5 #h1 x w\ld be a    
pr(itable inve/m5t1 s9ce no m l& & b    
little additional capital 0 requir$ 9   
ord] to obta9 ! extra #e or #h p] acre4 
,! results ( all ! exp]im5ts conduct$ 9 
diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry & 9 diff]5t     
seasons1 %[ an av]age ga9 9 yield ( e>ly
 tomatoes ( ab\t fifty p] c5t1 ) an     
av]age increas$ value ( crop ( ab\t #ajj
 p] acre4 ,! re/ ( ! report %[s simil>  
results ) o!r crops4 7,new ,j]sey       
,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation1        

,bullet9 #agb47  ,joseph ,h>ris says1   
,"s ye>s ego we us$ nitrate ( soda      
cauti\sly z a top dress+ on ! cel]y     
plants4 ,! effect 0 a/oni%+4 ,! next    
ye>1 hav+ m confid5ce1 we spread !      
nitrate at ! "t we s[$ ! se$1 & aga9    
aft] ! plant came up1 & twice aft]w>d   
dur+ a ra94  ,in/ead ( f9d+ x difficult 
to get ! plants e>ly en\gh = ! cel]y    
gr[]s :o set !m out1 !y 7 ready ?ree    
weeks be=e ! usual "t ( transplant+4    
,at ! f\r applications1 we probably us$ 
#afjj lb4 ( nitrate ( soda p] acre1 &   
?is w\ld probably furni% m nitric acid  
to ! plants ?an !y c\ld get f five      
hundr$ tons ( manure p] acre1 provid$ x 
_h be5 possible to h work$ su* a        
quantity into ! soil4 ,nev] 7 f9] plants
 gr[n4 ,z comp>$ ) ! increas$ value ( ! 
plants1 ! co/ ( ! nitrate is n wor? tak+
 into consid]ation4  ,z a means (       
f]tilization )\t ! use ( artificial     
f]tiliz]1 soil inoculation has come4 ,x 
has gr[n out ( ! discov]y ( ! dep5d5ce (
 legum9\s plants on bact]ia :i* live on 

_! roots4 ,! discov]y is "o ( ! mo/     
important ( ^? made 9 mod]n agriculture4
  ,x has receiv$ its greate/ impetus 9  
,am]ica1 "u ! exp]im5ts ( ,pr(essor     
,moore ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,agricultural  
,dep>tm5t4  ,! ,dep>tm5t suppli$ free to
 f>m]s ! bact]ia = inoculation4 ,n[ !y  
supply x only = exp]im5tal purposes4 ,a 
laboratory has be5 fitt$ up = ! "w4 ,!  
me?od is to propagate bact]ia = ea* ( ! 
v>i\s legum9\s plants su* z clov]1      
alfalfa1 soy beans1 c[ peas1 t>es1 &    
velvet beans4 ,all ( ^! plants are (    
incalculable value 9 diff]5t sections ( 
! c\ntry z =age = f>m animals4 ,9 !     
,we/1 alfalfa is ! ma9 reliance =       
/ockrais]s4 ,! f>m]s ( ! ,ea/ are try+  
to e/abli% x1 b meet ) difficulty *iefly
 = want ( ! special bact]ia :i* %\ld be 
f\nd on ! roots4  ,! function ( ^!      
bact]ia is to ga!r ! nitrog5 ( ! air &  
supply x z plant food4 ,)\t ! bact]ia ! 
plant c get only ! nitrog5 :i* is       
suppli$ f ! soil 9 f]tiliz]s4 ,) ! aid (
 ! bact]ia ! gr[+ plant c d]ive ! great]

 "p ( its food f ! air4  ,"h is "o ( !  
results ( ! use ( inoculat$ se$ z       
report$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,agricultural
 ,bullet9 ,no4 #bad4  ,g4 ,l4 ,?omas1   
exp]im5t+ ) field peas on 8 f>m ne>     
,auburn1 ,me41 made a special te/ )     
f]tiliz$ & unf]tiliz$ /rips1 & /at$ t   
inoculat$ se$ did z mu* )\t f]tiliz]s ( 
any k9d1 z un9oculat$ se$ suppli$ )     
f]tiliz] 7phosphate7 at ! rate ( #hjj   
p\nds & a ton ( b>ny>d manure p] acre4  
,?is seems to be only 9 its infancy4 ,! 
,dep>tm5t w>ns u t nitrog5 inoculation  
is useless :]e ! soil already has en\gh 
nitrog5 & :]e o!r plant foods are abs5t4
  ,! exp]im5ts are mo/ important1 & we  
are probably on ! eve ( z great advances
 9 agriculture z 9 electricity1 b !     
human race has a great love =           
inoculation1 & inde$ = all unnatural    
processes4  ,y rememb] ! /ory ( !       
wond]ful coon t ,*&l] ,h>ris tells8 ,no8
 ,!y 7 con/antly see+ ?is enorm\s coon1 
b always j z !y almo/ got _! h&s on him1
 he disappe>$4 ,"o night ! boys came    

runn+ 9 to say t ! wond]ful coon 0 up 9 
a p]simmon tree 9 ! middle ( a t5-acre  
lot2 s !y got ! dogs & ! lant]ns & guns 
& ran out1 & sure en\gh !y saw !        
wond]ful big coon up 9 a =k ( ! tree4 ,x
 0 a bright moonlight night1 b to make  
d\bly sure !y cut d[n ! tree & ! dogs   
ran 9--! coon wasn't !re4  ,well1 b1    
,uncle ,remus1 said ! little boy1 ,i    
?\ght y said y saw ! coon !re4  ,s we   
did1 ,honey1 said ! old man1 s we did2 b
 x's v easy to see :at a9't !re :5 y're 
look+ = x4  ,ano!r me?od ( increas+     
f]tility at increas$ exp5se des]ves     
notice4 ,! vacant public l&s are = ! mo/
 "p des]t-l1 & _! utilization c come    
ab\t only ?r\gh irrigation4  ,?is l& c  
be made to produce ! f9e/ crops 9 ! _w2 
& ! trem5d\s volumes ( wat] t fl[ f !   
m\nta9s to ! sea1 once h>ness$ & pip$ or
 dit*$ to ?is l&1 w trans=m x into      
beautiful g>d5s & f>ms4  ,) ! "w be+    
done by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 & t (
 ! v>i\s /ates1 we may look =w>d 9 ! n  
di/ant future to ?is l& be+ made        

habitable to man4  ,x is well kn[n t ) !
 dry1 ev5 climate & ) an abundance (    
wat] appli$ z vegetation ne$s1 ?is n[   
arid wa/e is f> m productive ?an !      
,ea/]n /ates1 :]e ! crops are at ! m]cy 
( ! elem5ts1 sometimes hav+ too mu*     
moi/ure & at o!r times n hav+ en\gh4    
,irrigation (f]s control ( conditions   
su* z is f\nd n[h]e except 9 gre5h\se   
culture4 ,! f>m] 9 ! humid c\ntry _c    
control ! am\nt ( />* 9 potatoes1 sug> 9
 beets1 prote9 9 corn1 glut5 9 :eat1    
except by plant+ v>ieties :i* are       
especially adapt$ to ! production ( !   
desir$ quality4 ,! irrigation f>m]1 on !
 o!r h&1 c produce ?is or t desirable   
quality by ! control ( ! moi/ure supply 
to ! plant4 ,he c ha/5 or ret>d maturity
 ( ! plant1 produce e>ly truck or late  
truck on ! same soil1 gr[ :eat or gr[   
rice z he deems advisable4  ,on !       
irrigat$ fields ( ! ,vosges1 ,vaucluse1 
etc41 9 ,france1 six tons ( dry hay     
becomes ! rule1 ev5 ^u ungrateful soil2 
& ?is means consid]ably m ?an ! annual  

food ( "o mil* c[ 7:i* c be tak5 z a    
little less ?an five tons7 gr[n on ea*  
acre4  ,! irrigat$ mead[s r\nd ,milan   
are ano!r well kn[n example4 ,ne>ly     
#bb1jjj acres are irrigat$ !re ) wat]   
d]iv$ f ! sew]s ( ! city1 & !y yield    
crops ( f eight to t5 tons ( hay z a    
rule2 occasionally "s sep>ate mead[s w  
yield ! fabul\s am\nt--fabul\s to-day b 
no long] fabul\s to-morr[--( eighte5    
tons ( hay p] acre2 t is1 ! food ( ne>ly
 f\r c[s to ! acre1 & n9e times ! yield 
( good mead[s 9 ?is c\ntry4 7,fields1   
,factories1 & ,work%ops1 pages          
#aaf-aag47  ,if irrigation pays--& no "o
 n[ que/ions t--! :ole ,we/]n c\ntry (  
ri* soil1 :i* asks b a dr9k n[ & !n1 w  
be turn$ into a ,g>d5 ( ,ed54           
7,maxwell's ,talisman47  ,agriculture   
may be revolutioniz$ ) ! adv5t (        
irrigation4  ,a new me?od ( dispos+ (   
sewage & at ! same "t irrigat+ ! soil1  
has come into use rec5tly1 & w be f\nd  
valuable to ^? :o are situat$ s t !y c  
make use ( x4  ,! sewage f build+s is   

dra9$ into a l>ge tank :]e ! heavi]     
matt] c settle to ! bottom4 ,:5 ! wat]  
rises ne>ly to ! top ( ! tank x is      
siphon$ into ano!r tank1 & f !re x is   
pip$ ab\t ! field4  ,! pip+ is v        
simple--ord9>y dra9 tile conveys ! wat]4
 ,beg9n+ at ! highe/ po9t ( ! field to  
be irrigat$1 a six-in* 7or l>g]7 l9e (  
tile %\ld be laid along ! highe/ gr\nd )
 a fall ( n ov] "o in* to ea* t5 feet4  
,f ?is ma9 trunk %\ld be bran* l9es (   
lat]als1 laid f eight to twelve feet    
ap>t1 z !y w\ld be laid = dra9+ a field4
 ,^! bran* l9es may be laid at an angle 
to ! ma9 trunk z may be mo/ conv5i5t2   
all ! jo9ts mu/ be cov]$ s z to keep out
 ! flirt4 ,! :ole sy/em %\ld be laid    
deep en\gh 9 ! gr\nd to be secure f     
fro/2 b to be mo/ effective x %\ld n be 
ov] f\rte5 to sixte5 in*es bel[ !       
surface1 h5ce sub-irrigation _c be us$ v
 successfully 9 ! ,nor!rn /ates4 ,9 a   
s&y loam soil ) a clay subsoil x works  
be/ at sixte5 to tw5ty-f\r in*es4  ,?is 
is sub/antially ,colonel ,w>+'s me?od ( 

sewage disposal4 ,to get ! be/ use ( x =
 plants1 ! wat] %\ld be assembl$ & kept 
9 ! sun = t5 to twelve days1 !n turn$   
into ! pipes until ! gr\nd is well      
soak$1 & !n %ut (f & n all[$ 9 ! pipes  
aga9 = t5 to fifte5 days1 accord+ to !  
wea!r & condition ( moi/ure 9 ! soil4 ,!
 crop %\ld be cultivat$ betwe5 ea*      
wat]+4  ,h[ev]1 z ,bailey says1         
,evid5tly 9 all regions 9 :i* crops w   
yield abundantly )\t irrigation1 z 9 !  
,ea/1 ! ma9 reliance is to be plac$ on  
good tillage4  ,mo/ vegetable g>d5]s 9 !
 ,ea/ d n f9d x pr(itable to irrigate4  
,n[ & !n a man :o has pu% & ! ability to
 h&le a f9e crop to advantage1 f9ds x a 
v pr(itable und]tak+4 7,pr9ciples (     
,vegetable ,g>d5+1 page #agd47 ,bailey1 
h[ev]1 0 n ?9k+ ( ov]head irrigation4   
,! late ,j4 ,m4 ,smi?1 ,gre5 ,bay1      
,wiscons91 0 "o ( ! exp]t m>ket g>d5]s (
 8 region4 ,! long] ,i live1 wrote ,mr4 
,smi?1 !n 9 ! mid/ ( a s]i\s dr\ght1 ! m
 firmly am ,i conv9c$ t pl5ty ( manure &
 !n ! mo/ complete sy/em ( cultivation  

make an almo/ complete protection aga9/ 
ord9>y dr\ghts4 7,same1 page #ccj47  ,if
 ! soil is cultivat$ c>efully &         
int5sively1 x w hold wat] )9 itself &   
c>ry a /orage res]voir und]nea? ! gr[+  
crop4 ,f9ely pulv]iz+ & pack+ ! se$ b$1 
makes x reta9 ! greate/ possible        
p]c5tage ( ! moi/ure t falls1 j z a     
tumbl] full ( f9e sponge or ( bird%ot w 
reta9 _m times ! am\nt ( wat] t a tumbl]
 full ( buck%ot w4 ,! atmosph]e quickly 
dr9ks up ! moi/ure f ! soil unless we   
,prev5t x4 ,?is we d by means ( a soil  
blanket1 call$ a mul* ,?is f9ely        
pulv]iz$ surface l>gely prev5ts !       
moi/ure bel[ f evaporat+1 & at ! same "t
 keeps ! surface 9 su* condition t x    
readily absorbs ! dew & ! %[]s4 ,wat]   
moves 9 ! soil z x does 9 a lamp wick1  
by capill>y attraction2 ! m deeply &    
d5sely ! soil is saturat$ ) moi/ure1 ! m
 easily ! wat] moves upw>d1 j z oil     
climbs up a wet wick fa/] ?an x does a  
dry "o4 ,"o c illu/rate ! effect ( ?is  
f9e soil mul* 9 prev5t+ evaporation by  

plac+ "s p[d]$ sug> on a lump ( loaf    
sug> & putt+ ! lump sug> 9 wat]4 ,!     
p[d]$ sug> w rema9 dry ev5 :5 ! lump has
 become s ?or\ghly saturat$ t x crumbles
 to pieces4  ,we h no useless ,am]ican  
acres1 said ,secret>y ,wilson4 ,we %all 
make !m all productive4 ,we h           
agricultural explor]s 9 e f> corn] ( !  
_w2 & !y are f9d+ crops :i* h become s  
acclimat$ to dry conditions1 simil> to  
our own ,we/1 t we %all 9 "t h plants   
?riv+ ^u our s-call$ arid l&s4 ,we %all 
cov] ?is arid area ) plants ( v>i\s     
sorts :i* w yield hundr$s ( millions (  
tons ( additional =age & gra9s = ,we/]n 
flocks & h]ds4 ,our f>m]s w gr[ ^! ^u l&
 n[ consid]$ practically wor?less4  ,9  
?is way x has be5 e/imat$ t 9 !         
neighborhood ( "o hundr$ million acres (
 ! ,am]ican des]t c be reclaim$ to ! mo/
 int5sive agriculture4 7,see a /udy ( ! 
possible additions to available l& 9    
,pr(4 ,w4 ,s4 ,?ompson's ,population1 a 
,/udy ( ,mal?usianism3 ,col4 ,u1 #aiae47
 ,fr$]ick ,v4 ,coville1 ! *ief botani/ (

 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 does n     
hesitate to say t 9 ! /rictly arid      
regions !re are _m millions ( acres1 n[ 
consid]$ wor?less = agriculture1 :i* are
 z c]ta9 to be settl$ 9 small f>ms z 7 !
 l&s ( ,ill9ois4  ,l& t 0 ?\ght to be   
absolute des]t has be5 made to yield    
heavy crops ( gra9 & =age by ?is me?od  
)\t irrigation4  ,mac>oni :eat w gr[ )  
t5 in*es ( ra9fall1 & yield fifte5      
bu%els to ! acre4 ,?is h[ev] is less ?an
 ! av]age :eat yield 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 
,mu* c be done by dry f>m+2 t is1 by    
pl[+ ! soil v deep & cultivat+ six or   
eight times a season1 ?us reta9+ all !  
moi/ure = ! crops & r$uc+ evaporation to
 a m9imum4  ,!re are ?\s&s ( acres 9    
diff]5t sections ( ,montana t gr[ good  
crops )\t irrigation4 ,9 ,f]gus ,c\nty1 
= in/ance1 ! wond]ful yield ( #de bu%els
 ( :eat p] acre is gr[n )\t irrigation4 
,heavy crops ( gra9 & vegetables are    
gr[n 9 ! vic9ity ( ,great ,falls by !   
dry f>m+ sy/em4  ,! money & "t sp5t 9   
spray+ is also well inve/$4 ,! ,new     

,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation   
began a t5-ye> exp]im5t 9 potato-spray+ 
to det]m9e h[ mu* ! yield c be increas$ 
by spray+ ) ,pyrox or ) ,bordeaux       
mixture4  ,9 #aijd ! ga9 due to spray+ 0
 l>g] ?an ev] be=e4 ,five spray+s )     
,bordeaux increas$ ! yield #bcc bu%els  
p] acre1 :ile ?ree spray+s increas$ x   
#aia bu%els4 ,! ga9 0 due *iefly to !   
prolongation ( gr[? ?r\gh ! prev5tion ( 
late blight4 ,! spray$ potatoes conta9$ 
"o n9? m />* & 7 ( bett] quality4  ,!   
av]age increase ( pr(it p] acre f spray+
 potatoes 0 figur$ to be ab\t #bb on ea*
 acre4 ,! result 0 arriv$ at f exp]im5t1
 two ?irds ( :i* 0 by indep5d5t f>m]s4  
7,p>ticul>s w be f\nd ,9 ,bullet9 ,no4  
#bfd1 issu$ by ! ,dep>tm5t47  ,9 f\rte5 
f>m]s' bus9ess exp]im5ts1 includ+ #ah   
acres ( potatoes1 ! av]age ga9 due to   
spray+ 0 #fb-a_/b bu%els p] acre1 !     
av]age total co/ ( spray+ #ic c5ts p]   
acre2 & ! av]age net pr(it1 bas$ on !   
m>ket price ( potatoes at digg+ "t1     
#bd4hf p] acre4  ,"o class ( g>d5]s1    

,burnet ,l&re? expla9s1 may be t]m$     
exp]im5tal f>m]s1 m5 tir$ ( ! humdrum   
rotation ( f>m processes & small pr(its1
 m5 look+ = a pay+ div]sification ( _!  
agricultural int]e/s4 ,_! exp5ses =     
appliances are n great1 z !y h already  
on h& ! usual /ock ( f>m tools1 requir+ 
only "o or two se$ drills1 a small      
addition to _! cultivat+ implem5ts1 & a 
few tons ( f]tiliz]s4 ,_! labor]s &     
teams are always on h& = ! work+ (      
mod]ate areas4 ,9 addition to ! usual   
exp5se ( ! f>m1 !y w\ld n ne$ to h a ca%
 capital ( beyond #bj to #be doll>s p]  
acre = ! area 9 truck4  ,o!r m51 pur*as+
 or r5t+ l&1 especially = m>ket g>d5+1  
tak+ only improv$ l& ( suitable aspect1 
soil1 & situation1 & c\nt+ 9 co/ (      
build+1 appliances1 & labor1 w\ld       
require a capital ( #hj to #ajj p] acre4
 ,= example1 a beg9n] 9 m>ket g>d5+ 9   
,s\? ,j]sey1 on a five-acre pat*1 w\ld  
ne$ #ejj to set up ! bus9ess1 & run x   
until 8 %ipm5ts began to return him     
money4 ,) ! purpose ( secur+ in=mation  

on ?is int]e/+ po9t1 ! writ] ask$ =     
e/imates f m>ket g>d5]s 9 diff]5t       
localities1 & ! result has be5 t f      
,florida ! reports ( ! necess>y capital 
p] acre1 9 l& or its r5tal 7n ( labor71 
f]tiliz]s1 tools1 implem5ts1 se$ & all !
 appliances1 av]age #ie1 f ,texas #de1 f
 ,ill9ois #gj1 f ! ,norfolk di/rict (   
,virg9ia ! reports v>y f #ge to #abe1   
accord+ to location1 & f ,long ,isl&1   
,new ,york1 ! av]age ( e/imates at ! ea/
 end is #ge1 & at ! we/ end #aej4  ,i h 
be=e me n[ "o ( ! roseate adv]tisem5ts1 
:i* we s (t5 see 9 ! newspap]s1 tell+ h[
 =tunes c be made by inve/+ a few doll>s
 9 a tropical plantation 9 ,mexico4  ,x 
gives :at are suppos$ to be />tl+ yields
 p] acre1 & yet ! returns1 :i* mu/      
necess>ily be tak5 ) consid]able        
all[ance1 are only f #ehj to #ajhg p]   
acre on v>i\s plantations4  ,!re are    
m>ket g>d5]s & nurs]ym5 ne> ,new ,york  
,city :o are mak+ _! acres produce bett]
 returns ?an ?is4 ,x is n necess>y to g 
(f into ! tropical wild]ness seek+ a    

=tune :i* is usually a gold brick t "s  
fell[ is try+ to sell y1 :5 z good      
results c be secur$ "r at home4  ,m>ket 
g>d5]s 9 & ne> ,philadelphia pay #be to 
#ej an acre & upw>ds r5t = l&1 & "w f   
five to =ty acres4 ,?is is z mu* z      
simil> l& 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry c\ld be  
b\ght =4 ,b x is n a high r5t :5 !y are 
"r at ! m>ket--"o man makes ! r\nd trip 
9 two & "o half h\rs--manure co/s !m    
no?+--= ye>s !y h be5 us+ ! excavations 
f ! old /yle privy wells1 :i* has be5   
haul$ to _! f>m & deposit$ :]e !y wi%$  
x1 free4 ,!y h mod]n facilities1 su* z  
trolley & telephone1 & are z mu* city m5
 z any cl]k 9 an (fice4 ,!y cle> f>     
high] pr(its f an acre ?an ! av]age     
f>m]1 rais+ nev] less ?an two1 & (t5    
?ree crops 9 a season4 ,!y employ sev]al
 m5 to ! acre1 & at c]ta9 times _m m1   
work+ ! m5 9 gangs4 ,only ! difficulty (
 gett+ good help at _! prices prev5ts !m
 f us+ twice ! numb]4  ,h[ev]1 !        
possibilities ( putt+ capital into l& at
 a pr(it are /ill inf9ite4  ,:at *iefly 

attracts ! g>d5] to ! great cities is   
/able manure2 ?is is n want$ s mu* =    
increas+ ! ri*ness ( ! soil--"o n9? "p (
 ! manure us$ by ! ,fr5* g>d5]s w\ld d =
 t purpose--b = keep+ ! soil at a c]ta9 
temp]ature4 ,e>ly vegetables pay be/1 & 
9 ord] to obta9 e>ly produce1 n only !  
air1 b ! soil z well1 mu/ be w>m$2 t is 
done by putt+ great quantities ( prop]ly
 mix$ manure into ! soil2 its f]m5tation
 heats x4 ,b ) ! pres5t developm5t (    
indu/rial skill1 heat+ ! soil c\ld be   
done m economically & m easily by       
hot-wat] pipes4 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,fr5*   
g>d5]s beg9 m & m to make use ( portable
 pipes1 or !rmosiphons1 provisionally   
e/abli%$ 9 ! cool frames4  ,competition 
t /&s 9 ) ! railroads c be met only by  
be+ ne> ! m>ket or hav+ wat]            
transportation4 ,inde$1 ! erect ( wat]  
transportation 9 gett+ manure1 & 9      
deliv]+ ! produce f ! railroads1 appe>s 
9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( truck+4 ,! railroads  
(t5 cru% out boat competition by absorb+
 docks & /&+ 9 ) ! commission m54 ,?is  

c\ld be met by su* coop]ative sell+     
ag5cies z ! fl[] gr[]s already h4  ,"o (
 ! e>lie/ c5t]s = ! developm5t ( truck  
f>m+ 9 its pres5t s5se 0 along ! %ores (
 ,*esapeake ,bay1 :]e fa/ sail+ oy/]    
boats 7 employ$ = s5d+ ! produce to !   
neighbor+ m>kets ( ,baltimore &         
,philadelphia4 ,9 a simil> way ! g>d5]s 
ab\t ,new ,york e>ly began pu%+ out     
along ,long ,isl&1 us+ ! wat]s ( ! ,s\nd
 = transport+ _! produce4 ,! truck+     
region on ! ea/]n %ore ( ,lake ,mi*igan 
is ano!r sample ( ! effect ( conv5i5t   
wat] transportation 9 caus+ an e>ly     
developm5t ( ?is indu/ry4 ,! build+ ( ! 
,ill9ois ,c5tral railroad op5$ up a     
region 9 s\!rn ,ill9ois t 0 suppos$ to  
be p>ticul>ly adapt$ to fruit gr[+4     
7,developm5t ( ! ,truck+ ,int]e/s1 by   
,f4 ,s4 ,e>le1 page #dci47  ,if "o goes 
into ! truck+ bus9ess on s l>ge a scale 
z to be able to make deals ) !          
railroads1 su* z ,! ,/&>d ,oil ,company 
has made1 ( c\rse additional prices c\ld
 be gott51 ow+ to ! possibility ( putt+ 

competitors at a disadvantage4 ,t       
bus9ess is a l>ge "o4  ,9 do+ bus9ess on
 ?is scale1 mu* w dep5d on y\r ability z
 a m]*ant4  ,x is useless to gr[ good   
crops unless !y c be sold at a pr(it2   
yet x is safe to say t t5 m5 gr[ good   
truck crops = "o :o m>kets !m to ! be/  
advantage4  ,?ree ,acres & ,lib]ty3 ,*4 
,,xi-,,xv     ,,*apt] ,,xi  ,,hotb$s ,,&
 ,,gre5h\ses   ,:e!r to get an e>ly />t 
on ! g>d5 or = rais+ plants = field     
crops1 a hotb$ is all b indisp5sable4 ,9
 mak+ a hotb$ :at we seek to d is to    
imitate ,nature at h] be/1 s get ! be/  
soil & ! sunnie/ spot y c f9d4  ,9 all  
hotb$s ! und]ly+ pr9ciple is ! same3 ,!y
 are "r-angl$ boxes cov]$ ) glass panes 
set 9 movable frames & plac$ ov] heat$  
excavations4 ,! b$ may be ( any size or 
%ape1 b ! /&>d "o is six feet wide1 s9ce
 ! /ock glass frames are usually six    
feet long by ?ree feet wide4 ,y c h any 
l5g? ne$$ to supply y\r requirem5ts4    
,tomato ,culture1 by ,a4 ,j4 ,root1     
tells u t ! *eape/ plan is to get "s old

 planks1 brok5 brickbats or /one1 &     
piece toge!r a box-l affair 9 prop]     
%ape3 to provide dra9age1 ! front %\ld  
be at lea/ t5 in*es above ! gr\nd & !   
re> f\rte5 in*es4 ,a hotb$ knock$ toge!r
 9 ?is way is all "r to />t )1 if y _c d
 any bett]1 b w la/ only two or ?ree    
seasons4 ,= a p]man5t b$1 probably ! be/
 way is to make cem5t walls ext5d+ to ! 
bottom ( ! manure4 ,! b$ ought to face  
s\? or s\!a/ & be well protect$ on !    
nor?4 ,x %\ld be bank$ all ar\nd ) e>?  
or /raw to keep out ! cold1 & mats or   
%utt]s %\ld be provid$ = extra cold     
wea!r4 ,! be/ mat]ial = heat+ ! b$ & !  
mo/ easily obta9$1 is fre% horse manure 
9 :i* !re is a quantity ( /raw or litt]4
 ,?is w give out a sl[1 moi/ heat & w n 
burn out be=e ! crops or ! plants       
mature4 ,get all ! manure y ne$ at "o   
"t4 ,pile x 9 a dry place & let x f]m5t2
 e few days "w ! pile ov] ?or\ghly ) a  
dung =k2 sometimes two turn+s ( ! manure
 are en\gh1 b x is bett] to let x /& &  
heat ?ree or f\r times4  ,y c make a    

hotb$ also on top ( ! gr\nd )\t any     
excavation4 ,spread a lay] ( manure     
ev5ly "o foot 9 dep? & l>ge en\gh to    
ext5d ar\nd ! frame ?ree feet ea* way4  
,pack ?is d[n well1 especially ar\nd !  
edge1 put on a second & ?ird lay] until 
y h a well-trodd5 & compact b$ ( manure 
at lea/ two & "o half feet 9 dep?4      
,place ! frame 9 ! c5t] ( ?is b$ & press
 x d[n well4 ,a two-in* lay] ( decay$   
leaves1 cut /raw1 or corn fodd]1 spread 
ov] ! manure 9 ! frame & well pack$ d[n1
 w help to reta9 ! heat4 ,v5tilate ! b$ 
e day to all[ /eam & ammonia fumes to   
pass (f4  ,! soil inside %\ld be equal  
p>ts ( g>d5 loam & well-rott$ b>ny>d    
manure4 ,tramp well ! fir/ lay] ( ?ree  
in*es4 ,to make x entirely safe = !     
plant se$s 9 ! hotb$1 add ano!r lay] ( !
 same dep?4 ,use no wat] ) g>d5 loam &  
manure if y c possibly help x4  ,be=e   
s[+ any se$s put a !rmomet] 9 ! b$ ?ree 
in*es deep 9 ! soil4 ,if x runs ov] #hj 
degrees ,fahr5heit1 d n s[4 ,if bel[ #ee
 degrees x is too cold2 y w h to =k x   

ov] & add m manure4 ,if ! b$ gets too   
hot1 y c v5tilate x ) a %>p /ick by     
?ru/+ x d[n into ! soil4  ,ano!r way t !
 old g>d5]s h to make a hot b$ is )     
fire4 ,on a l>ge scale ?is is *eap]1    
?\gh m complicat$ ?an ! f]m5tation (    
manure4 ,9 mak+ ?is k9d *oose y\r       
location & build ! frames z be=e4 ,cut a
 tr5* ) a slight tap] f ! ea/ end ( !   
plot to ! end ( ! hotb$1 & on "u ! gr\nd
 to ab\t f\r feet beyond ! end ( ! b$4  
,?is tap] to ! outlet w create a draught
 & s keep a bett] fire4 ,ar* ?is ov] )  
vitrifi$ tile4 ,! furnace end :]e ! fire
 is %\ld be ab\t six feet away f ! b$4  
,:5 ! tr5*es are complet$1 cov] ov] ) ! 
dirt t 0 tak5 out ( !m4 ,two su* tr5*es 
"u ! frames w make a good hotb$4 ,anyone
 c d ?is sort ( "w4  ,a hotb$ c also be 
heat$ by runn+ /eam pipes ?r\gh ! gr\nd1
 b unless y happ5 to be :]e exhau/ /eam 
c\ld be us$1 ?is me?od is n economical  
except = big h\ses4 ,! c>e & exp5se ( a 
sep>ate /eam plant w\ld be too great to 
pay1 unless = gr[+ w9t] vegetables =    

m>ket or fl[] culture4 ,if y g into t on
 a scale l>ge en\gh to pay1 new problems
 at once dem& solution4  ,vegetables "u 
glass h kept pace ) o!r crops4 ,)9      
fifte5 miles ( ,bo/on are millions (    
squ>e feet ( glass devot$ to vegetables1
 *iefly lettuce4 ,!re are m ?an five    
million feet 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates us$ = o!r
 crops4 ,ord9>ily1 "u favorable         
conditions1 glass devot$ to ?is "w w    
yield an av]age ( fifty c5ts p] ye> p]  
squ>e foot4  ,ab\t ! l[e/ e/imate ( co/ 
p] sa% is five doll>s2 ?is am\nt        
includes ! co/ ( "o f\r? ( ! frame &    
cov]s4 ,!re are usually f\r sa%es to "o 
frame4 ,a well-made mortis$ plank frame 
co/s f\r to six doll>s4 ,a sa%1 unglaz$1
 co/s f "o to two doll>s4 ,glaz+ co/s   
sev5ty-five c5ts4 ,mats & %utt]s co/ f  
fifty c5ts to two doll>s p] sa%1 dep5d+ 
^u ! mat]ial us$4 ,d\ble ?ick glass pays
 bett] 9 ! end z be+ less liable to     
breakage4 ,^! prices v>y greatly1 h[ev]4
  ,! foll[+ sample e/imate by a g>d5] is
 = a m>ket g>d5 ( "o acre1 9 :i* x is   

desir$ to gr[ a g5]al l9e ( vegetables4 
,x supposes t half ( ! acre is to be set
 ) plants f hotb$s4  ,"o eigh? acre to  
e>ly caulifl[] & cabbage1 ab\t #bjjj    
plants1 if transplant$1 w\ld require two
 #f ,x #ab frames1 f two hundr$ to two  
hundr$ & fifty plants be+ gr[n "u ea*   
sa%4  ,^! frames may be us$ aga9 =      
tomato plants = ! same area1 us+ ab\t   
#dej plants4 ,?is w all[ a sa% = e #ee  
plants4  ,"o frame %\ld be 9 use at !   
same "t = eggplants & pepp]s1 two sa%es 
( ea*1 gr[+ fifty transplant$ plants "u 
ea* sa%4  ,two frames w be requir$ =    
cucumb]s1 melons1 & e>ly squa%es2 =     
extra e>ly lettuce1 an e/imate ( sixty  
to sev5ty heads %\ld be made to a sa%4  
,x is assum$ t cel]y & late cabbages are
 to be />t$ 9 se$ b$s 9 ! op54  ,9 !    
fa%ionable suburbs ( ,bo/on "o hotb$ #c 
,x #f feet 0 us$ 9 :i* to />t ! se$s (  
e>ly vegetables4 ,plant+s 7 made 9 ! op5
 gr\nd z soon z ! wea!r p]mitt$1 & 7    
cont9u$ at int]vals ?r\gh\t ! season    
:5ev] !re 0 a vacant spot 9 ! g>d54 ,!  

foll[+ v>ieties ( vegetables1 mo/ly     
five-& t5-c5t packets1 7 plant$3 ,pole &
 wax beans1 beets1 kale1 cabbage1       
c>rots1 caulifl[]1 cel]y1 corn1         
cucumb]s1 corn salad1 endive1 eggplant1 
kohlrabi1 lettuce1 muskmelon1 onions1   
pepp]s1 peas1 salsify1 radi%1 sp9a*1    
squa%1 tomatoes1 turnips1 rutabagas1    
esc>ole1 *ives1 %allot1 p>sley1 sweet & 
,iri% potatoes1 & ne>ly a doz5 diff]5t  
k9ds ( sweet h]bs4  ,9 ! l>g] g>d51     
tomatoes foll[$ peas1 turnips ! wax     
beans1 e>ly lettuce = fall use took !   
place ( ,refugee beans4 ,corn salad     
succe$$ lettuce4  ,! sp9a* 0 foll[$ by  
cabbage1 :ile turnips1 beets1 c>rots1   
cel]y1 & sp9a* gave a second crop 9 !   
plot occupi$ by ,g>dus peas & ,emp]or   
,william beans4  ,w9t] radi%es came aft]
 telephone peas1 ,p>is ,gold5 cel]y 0   
plant$ 9 betwe5 ! hills ( ,/[ell's      
blan*+4 ,! plot ( e>ly corn 0 s[n to    
turnips4 ,! hotb$ 0 us$ dur+ ! late fall
 & w9t] to /ore "s ( ! h>dy vegetables1 
& ! latt] "p ( ,octob] !re 0 plac$ 9 x  

"s endive1 esc>ole1 cel]iac1 & ! rema9+ 
space 0 fill$ up by transplant+ leeks1  
*ives1 & p>sley4 7,bailey1 ,pr9ciples ( 
,vegetable ,g>d5+1 page #ch47  ,if sp9a*
 is gr[n 9 frames1 ! sa% us$ = "o ( !   
late crops above may be us$ ?r\gh !     
foll[+ w9t]4  ,?is1 l ! la/ case1 makes 
a total ( five frames1 ! co/1 dep5d+ on 
make & mat]ial1 f "o to five doll>s2    
tw5ty sa% & cov]s1 at1 say1 #b4ge1 #ee2 
manure at m>ket price1 calculat+ at lea/
 ?ree or f\r loads p] frame4 ,?is is a  
lib]al e/imate ( space1 & %\ld all[ =   
all ord9>y loss ( plants1 & = disc>d+ ! 
weak & inf]ior ones4 ,x supposes t mo/  
or all ( ! plants are to be transplant$ 
once or m 9 ! frames4 ,_m g>d5]s h less 
equipm5t ( glass4 7,same1 pages #di-ej 7
  ,gr[+ vegetables "u glass gives small]
 returns ?an fl[]s2 z1 = in/ance1 a head
 ( lettuce br+s mu* less ?an a plant (  
c>nations1 & suff]s m f ! competition ( 
s\!rn crops4 ,nev]!less1 ! gre5h\se-gr[n
 vegetables h come into prom95ce lately 
because !y c be rais$ 9 h\ses t are n   

good en\gh = fl[]s4 ,lettuce & tomatoes 
are ! pr9cipal crops2 "s gr[]s raise    
?\s&s ( doll>s' wor? ea* ye>4 ,!        
gre5h\se is also us$ = =c+ plants :i*   
are aft]w>ds transplant$ to ! op5 air4  
,?is develops !m at a "t :5 !y c\ld n   
gr[ outdoors & gives !m su* a />t t !y  
are v e>ly on ! m>ket1 !reby realiz+ !  
highe/ prices4  ,ne>ness to m>ket is !  
mo/ important feature 9 a gre5h\se4 ,9  
l>ge cities1 manure1 :i* is ! *ief      
f]tiliz]1 c be _h 9 mo/ cases = ! haul+4
 ,! %ort haul is an important item1 &1  
mo/ important ( all1 ! g>d5] :o is ne> !
 m>ket c take advantage ( high prices1  
if ! gr[] is ne> en\gh to ! city to make
 two or ?ree trips2 9 su* a fluctuat+   
m>ket z ,new ,york1 x is to 8 advantage4
  ,"s k9d ( a gre5h\se is necess>y1 b "o
 l>ge en\gh to produce a liv+ w\ld co/ a
 v l>ge sum4 ,vegetable rais+ "u glass  
has be5 made pr(itable 9 special        
localities :]e ne>ly ! :ole community   
gives its "t to build+ up ! indu/ry1 b  
complete success c be atta9$ only by    

hav+ absolute control ( all ! conditions
 ent]+ into production1 & giv+ assidu\s 
& undivid$ att5tion to detail4  ,leon>d 
,b>ron1 9 ! ,g>d5 ,magaz9e1 says3 ,! be/
 type ( gre5h\se = all-r\nd purposes is 
unque/ionably :at is kn[n z ! ev5       
span--t is1 a h\se 9 :i* ! ro( is 9 ! =m
 ( an inv]t$ ,v1 s z to be expos$ z mu* 
z possible to sunlight1 & hav+ !        
ridge-pole 9 ! c5t]4 ,all o!r types (   
h\ses are modifications f ! simple/ =m1 
& are design$ 9 "s way or o!r to fit "s 
special requirem5ts4 ,^! requirem5ts may
 be3 ! cultural necessities = "s        
p>ticul> crop2 a desire to h !          
atmosph]ic conditions inside m or less  
abnormal at giv5 seasons 7z 9 a =c+     
h\se72 or an adaptation to "s peculi>ity
 ( ! situation1 z :5 a gre5h\se is built
 z an adjunct to o!r build+s4  ,x is    
pla9 common s5se t ! ideal gre5h\se is  
"o 9 :i* ! light is mo/ ne>ly t :i*     
exi/s outside1 & 9 :i* ! heat is z ev5ly
 di/ribut$4 ,x is practical exp]i5ce t a
 /ructure ) z few angles & turns m x z  

possible & ) a m9imum ( woodwork 9 its  
sup]/ructure1 be/ answ]s ^!             
conditions4444 ,gre5h\se build+ has     
develop$ into a special indu/ry1 & !    
mod]n ,am]ican gre5h\se is ! highe/ type
 ( con/ruction4 ,x is built ) z c>eful  
calculation to its situation & its      
requirem5ts z is ! c\ntry dwell+h\se4   
,su* a ?+ naturally is n *eap4  ,!      
l[-pric$ '*eap gre5h\se' is a make%ift (
 "s sort4 ,p]haps its ro( is con/ruct$ (
 hotb$ sa%1 a p]fectly feasible me?od ( 
con/ruction1 :i* = ord9>y1 commonplace  
g>d5+ w answ] admirably4 ,or1 its       
f\ndation is m]ely ! pla9 e>?4 ,su* a   
build+ does admirably 9 ! summ] "t1 &   
ev5 9 ! late spr+ & e>ly autumn2 b woe  
betide ! en?usia/ic amateur 9 w9t]1 :o1 
be+ possess$ ( "o ( ^! light gre5h\se   
/ructures1 has indulg$ 9 a few co/ly1   
exotic plants4 ,!y w be froz51 to a     
c]ta9ty6 ,x is economy to pay a fair    
price 9 ! beg9n+ to secure a prop]ly    
built gre5h\se t w )/& ! trials ( w9t]4 
,if iron frame is us$ in/ead ( wood !re 

is great] durability1 & ! /ructure be+ m
 sl5d]1 w admit m light1 b ! co/ w be   
increas$4  ,x makes v little diff]5ce 9 
co/ :at %ape ( h\se is to be erect$4 ,! 
co/ p] l9eal foot = an ev5 span is      
practically ! same z = a lean-to ( !    
same l5g? & wid?4 ,9 ! lean-to1 9 ord]  
to get ! suffici5t b5* & walk space     
inside1 x is necess>y to c>ry ! ro( to a
 po9t mu* high] ?an 9 ! ev5 span4 ,!    
extra framework & mat]ial = ! ro( co/ a 
good deal1 yet add practically no?+ to !
 effici5cy ( ! h\se4  ,heat+ ( gre5h\ses
 is be/ done by hot wat]1 & 9 a small   
h\se ! pipes may well be connect$ ) !   
heat+ sy/em us$ = ! dwell+1 if !        
gre5h\se & ! home are )9 any sort (     
reasonable di/ance f ea* o!r4 ,= l>ge   
h\ses1 or ranges ( sev]al h\ses toge!r1 
! indep5d5t heat+ plant is necess>y4    
,/eam is us$ = heat+ by comm]cial       
flori/s1 b x is economical only on a    
l>ge scale4  ,z a uni=m temp]ature mu/  
be ma9ta9$ 9 ! h\se1 ! fires1 :]e /eam  
is us$1 ne$ wat*+ cont9u\sly dur+ cold  

wea!r1 = ! mom5t ! wat] ceases to boil1 
! pipes cool (f & a consid]able "t is   
consum$ 9 />t+ ! heat runn+ aga94 ,) hot
 wat] !re is mu* m latitude 9 att5tion1 
= ?\gh ! fires dw9dle' ! wat] :i* fills 
! pipes w c>ry heat = a long "t1 & x w  
circulate until ! la/ degree is radiat$4
 ,b a hot-wat] sy/em co/s 9 !           
in/allation ab\t "o f\r? m ?an /eam4 ,v 
small h\ses may be successfully heat$ by
 k]os5e /oves1 :i* may be plac$ inside !
 h\se4 ,a mu* bett] way w\ld be to use  
oil heat]s = an inside wat] circulation1
 c>ry+ (f all products ( combu/ion by   
means ( a flue4 ,coal /oves %\ld nev] be
 in/all$ inside ! h\se4 ,x has be5 done 
successfully by "s amateurs1 b ! dang] (
 coal gas be+ driv5 back into ! h\se by 
a d[n draft 9 ! *imney is too great a   
risk4 ,coal gas & illum9at+ gas are two 
virul5t poisons to plants4  ,x is obvi\s
 t ! amateur mu/ proce$ ) great caution 
9 und]tak+ int5sive cultivation "u      
glass4 ,build at fir/ ! simple/ & lea/  
exp5sive k9d ( hotb$s or gre5h\ses4 ,x  

takes ?ree to five seasons to tra9 ev5  
an exp]i5c$ f>m] along ^! special l9es4 
,sep>ate crops require special treatm5t4
 ,d n exp]im5t1 b foll[ well-tri$       
proc$ure4 ,x is comp>atively easy to f>m
 an acre "u glass1 b x %\ld be work$ up 
to1 ea* /ep be+ tak5 only aft] a solid  
f\ndation is ready to build on4 ,le>n by
 y\r mi/akes4 ,don't get disc\rag$ by   
failure4 ,by n mak+ ! same mi/ake twice1
 y w soon le>n by exp]i5ce j :at is     
ess5tial to production4 ,! m y le>n ab\t
 ! way nature does ?+s1 ! m likely y w  
be to succe$ :5 y seek to imitate h]4   
,,*apt] ,,xii  ,,o!r ,,uses ,,( ,,l&    
,we _h int5d$ to write an int]e/+ *apt] 
on ! use ( a few acres ( l& = p\ltry1 & 
ano!r on rais+ a va/ drove ( rabbits1   
bo? f practical m51 b a good av]age man1
 j su* z ?is book is writt5 =1 s5t !    
foll[+3  ,i am v sorry t ,i _c comply ) 
y\r reque/ to write a *apt] on p\ltry = 
y\r new book4 ,x is true t ,i am        
physically & m5tally capable ( p]=m+ t  
feat1 & x w\ld be possible = me to      

prep>e an essay t might ent]ta9 ! read]1
 & ev5 make him believe t !re is money 9
 comm]cial p\ltry4 ,i pref]1 h[ev]1 to  
leave t sort ( romanc+ to ! p\ltry      
j\rnals :o1 by mu* practice1 are adepts 
9 ! art4 ,! fact is1 ,i did n make      
p\ltry rais+ pay1 & _h ,i rema9$ on my  
*ick5 ran*1 ,i w\ld h gone broke4 ,i d n
 mean to say1 h[ev]1 t !re is no money 9
 p\ltry1 b m]ely t ,i c\ld n get x out4 
,p]haps o!rs :o are bett] equipp$ = ! "w
 c make a success ( su* an und]tak+1 b  
,i c\ld n4 ,! num]\s p\ltry j\rnals are 
fill$ ) in/ructions h[ to d x & ) lett]s
 f p :o ass]t t !y h done well ) p\ltry2
 b1 really1 dur+ ! f\r ye>s t ,i 0 9 !  
bus9ess ,i _c recall a s+le case (      
success1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i le>n$ (     
failures )\t end4 ,i _h ! reputation (  
hav+ ! be/ plann$ & mo/ completely      
equipp$ 9 ?is "p ( ,wa%+ton1 & p]haps 9 
! entire /ate4 ,my /ock 0 ?or\ghbr$ &   
heal?y1 & !y seem$ to att5d to bus9ess  
/rictly4 ,i devot$ ab\t all my wak+ h\rs
 to !m1 did ev]y?+ t seem$ necess>y t 0 

sugge/$ by my own success1 & yet ,i c\ld
 n make x g1 am glad ,i am cle> ( x1 & h
 no desire to try x aga94 ,i am p]fectly
 will+ to admit my possible unfitness = 
! bus9ess1 b ,i am also compell$ to     
admit t ,i c\ld n succe$ & t no advice (
 m9e c\ld help o!rs4  ,al?\gh _m1 ei!r  
"u exceptional circum/ances or because (
 exceptional ability1 h made a success (
 :olesale p\ltry rais+1 x seems on      
reflection t ,mr4 ,wolf's ideas are 9 ! 
ma9 correct4  ,! price ( *ick5s is fix$1
 l all o!r prices1 by supply & dem&1 &  
t[>d ! supply e f>m] contributes 8      
*ick5s & _! eggs :i* co/ him practically
 no?+2 at lea/ he c\nts t !y co/ him    
no?+4  ,n[ x is cle> t if y consid]ably 
increase ! supply at any place1 ! price 
w fall1 & ! f>m]1 ^: *ick5s & eggs co/  
him almo/ no?+ 9 money1 w sell !m l[    
en\gh to comm& a m>ket & w cont9ue to   
raise !m1 h[ev] little he gets = !m4  ,s
 y are aga9/ inexhau/ible competitors :o
 c nei!r be driv5 out nor comb9$ )4 ,x  
is worse ?an compet+ ) bankrupt deal]s4 

,to make mu* money y mu/ h at lea/ "s   
monopoly1 & ev5 a little bit ( ! e>? t  
is well suit$ to y\r purpose :]e !re is 
no unreasonable & unreason+ competition1
 w give y a *ance4  ,b :ile x is true t 
! f>m]'s subsidiz$ h5s h a v disa/r\s   
effect at times ^u ! m>ket1 ! fact is t1
 not)/&+ ! t>iff1 we import millions (  
doz5s ( eggs laid ea* ye> by ! paup] h5s
 ( ,canada & (t5 ( ,d5m>k4  ,ano!r fact 
to be consid]$ is1 t x is :5 eggs are   
mo/ pl5tiful t ! f>m]s depress ! m>ket4 
,) _! ways ( h&l+ _! p\ltry1 _! h5s lay 
only :5 conditions are mo/ favorable1 & 
9 ! w9t] :5 eggs are z high z fifty c5ts
 a doz5 9 cities1 !y h no eggs to m>ket4
 ,l ! m>ket g>d5]1 to be timely 9 m>ket 
is to succe$4 ,a week may mean an       
annihilation ( pr(its4  ,x is a diff]5t 
proposition to raise a few *ick5s z a   
side l9e z ! f>m]s d4  ,a workman at !  
,connecticut place ( "o ( ! exp]ts :o   
has revis$ ?is book _h a bit ( l& n m   
?an #ajj ,x #bjj feet1 & = sev]al ye>s  
cle>$ #ajj a ye> by rais+ eggs &        

broil]s1 do+ ! "w toge!r ) t ( a little 
g>d5 ( small fruits be=e & aft] work+   
h\rs ,! *ick5s f$ l>gely on gre5 food 9 
summ]4  ,9 sell+ y\r surplus at a pr(it1
 ! same pr9ciples apply z 9 rais+ a     
surplus to sell at a pr(it4  ,:ile      
p\ltry & egg rais+ does n require t y   
mu/ be fir/1 x does require t y m>ket   
y\r produce at a "t :5 ! prices are     
highe/4  ,y mu/ hat* at a "t :i* w all[ 
! "y h5s to beg9 lay+ z w9t] approa*es2 
! food mu/ keep up animal heat & ! h\se 
mu/ be w>m en\gh to make ! h5s          
com=table1 & ! conditions mu/ be su* z  
to keep !m lay+4  ,z an exp]im5t1 we    
once rais$ six pullets4 ,!y 7 hat*$ 9   
,may1 & 9 ,decemb] !y began lay+4 ,all  
dur+ ! w9t] !y laid nev] less ?an f\r & 
"s times six eggs a day1 & kept ?is up  
until spr+4  ,!y 7 f$ on :eat & corn &  
pl5ty ( meat scraps & gre5 food4 ,!y 7  
kept 9 :at 0 practically a glass h\se1  
receiv+ ! b5efit ( ! sun dur+ ! day1 & 7
 protect$ f ! w9ds4 ,! effect 0 to br+ z
 ne> z possible ! condition ( ! w>m     

mon?s2 ^! paid v well4  ,ducks are less 
frequ5tly rais$ ?an *ick5s & (t5 realize
 good returns4  ,! popul> fallacy t     
ducks require a /ream or pond is        
gradually pass+ away4 ,!re 0 a "t :5    
ne>ly all ducks 7 rais$ 9 ?is way1 fe$+ 
on fi% z ! pr9cipal diet1 b exp]i5ce has
 prov$ t ducks rais$ )\t a /ream or pond
 t5d to put on fle% in/ead ( fea!rs1 &  
!y h n ! oily1 fi%y flavor ( ^? rais$ on
 ! wat]4 ,ne>ly all ( ! successful duck 
rais]s n[ use ?is me?od4  ,?is is br++ !
 duck m into prom95ce z an article (    
food2 z ,james ,rank9 says 9 ,duck      
,culture1 ,p d n c>e to eat fi% & fle%  
comb9$4 ,!y w\ld r eat !m sep>ate4  ,!  
:ite pek9s are ! popul> birds1 because  
!y are l>g]1 h :ite meat1 & are spl5did 
lay]s4 ,!y lay f #ajj to #afe eggs 9 a  
season & are ! easie/ to raise4 ,!y c d 
entirely )\t wat]2 & ,rank9 tells (     
sell+ a flock to a weal?y man1 :o       
aft]w>ds wrote ask+ him to take !m back1
 because he _h b\ght !m = an artificial 
lake 9 front ( 8 h\se1 s t 8 wife &     

*ildr5 c\ld wat* !m disport+ 9 ! wat]4  
,he compla9$ t !y w\ld n g into ! wat]  
unless he drove !m 9 & w\ld rema9 only s
 long z he /ood ov] !m4  ,ducks are     
easi] to raise ?an any o!r f[l & are    
fre] f disease4 ,!y are ready = m>ket :5
 eight weeks old4  ,! indu/ry is assum+ 
l>ge proportions1 & ran*es are n[ rais+ 
ducks by ! t5s ( ?\s&s & are f9d+ bett] 
m>kets ea* ye>4  ,9 />t+ any p\ltry     
bus9ess1 x is bett] to beg9 ) tw5ty-five
 f[ls & ma/] details ) ^?1 !n d\ble !   
numb] z fa/ z !y h be5 made to return   
pr(its4  ,! ,atlantic ,squab ,company1 (
 ,hammonton1 ,n4 ,j41 says x is a simple
 matt] = ! beg9n] to figure out on pap] 
net pr(its ( f\r or five doll>s p] ye> f
 ea* pair ( bre$]s1 b we d\bt if x c be 
made4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 'pigeon nature' to  
lay t5 or elev5 times a ye>1 b h>dly    
natural to presume t ea* & e egg w      
ultimately mean a ,jumbo squab 9 !      
commission man's h&s4  ,a l(t t is1 a   
pair ( high-class ,hom]s1 prop]ly mat$1 
%\ld av]age six pair ( squabs p] ye>4 ,=

 "o ye> our squabs av]ag$ u a fraction  
ov] #fj c5t p] pair2 say #c4fj has be5 !
 returns f ea* pair ( bre$]s4 ,x has co/
 u #ij c5t p] pair to fe$ = twelve      
mon?s2 rememb]1 we buy 9 l>ge           
quantities2 x w\ld co/ ! small bre$] #a 
a ye> p] pair to fe$4 ,x w\ld be well to
 all[ #fj c5t a pair = labor & supplies1
 su* z grit1 *>coal1 tobacco /ems1 etc41
 al?\gh ! bird manure1 :i* we f9d ready 
sale = at #ee c5t4 p] bu%el1 has cov]$  
^! incid5tal exp5ses = u4 ,! inexp]i5c$ 
beg9n]1 ) good managem5t & close        
att5tion to details1 %\ld cle> #b a ye> 
f ea* pair ( birds1 provid$ he />ts )   
well-mat$ pure ,hom] /ock4 ,pigeons are 
p>ticul> ab\t _! mates1 & w r g s+le ?an
 take a disagreeable p>tn]4  ,rais+     
,belgian h>es at "o "t promis$ to be a  
mo/ pr(itable indu/ry4 ,! ,belgian h>e  
is a di/ant relation ( ! ord9>y rabbit4 
,its fle% is :ite1 close-gra9$1 & t5d]1 
resembl+ ! legs ( ! frog1 & has a v     
savory flavor4 ,x is consid]$ by _m     
sup]ior to p\ltry1 & ! rapidity ) :i* !y

 bre$ gave promise ( =tunes4 ,! doe br+s
 =? a litt] ( ab\t elev5 e sixty days1 &
 ) prices rang+ f #a4ej to #b4ej1 z !y 7
 ab\t ! ye> #aijj1 ) ! co/ ( rais+ f    
?irty to =ty c5ts1 ! reason = ?is       
promise is evid5t4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia  
?\s&s turn$ _! att5tion to x1 & "s firms
 ent]$ ! bus9ess ) equipm5t to ! value (
 fifty ?\s& doll>s4  ,besides ! ord9>y  
m>ket prices realiz$ = ! h>es1 "s w5t   
ext5sively into bre$+ fancy /ock1 &     
realiz$ f #ej to #bej apiece = !m4  ,?is
 indu/ry _h indications ( becom+        
ext5sive & endur+1 b by #aijj s _m w5t  
into ! bus9ess t ! m>kets became glutt$ 
& prices fell ) disa/r\s effect4  ,:e!r 
x w pay y dep5ds l>gely on ! attitude ( 
y\r cu/om]s t[>d ! h>e z a food product4
  ,bee-keep+ (f]s an int]e/+ &          
remun]ative field ( employm5t4 ,m ?an ! 
av]age liv+ awaits ^? only :o w make a  
c>eful & intellig5t /udy ( bees & _!    
habits & w give !m ! prop] c>e &        
att5tion4  ,"o ne$ n be a practical     
bee-keep] to ent] ?is field4 ,he c      

pur*ase ev5 "o hive &1 :ile increas+ f  
?is1 he c ga9 an exp]i5ce t he c\ld get 
9 no o!r way4  ,h[ %all "o />t          
bee-keep+8  ,get "o hive or a few hives4
 ,if y h no room 9 ! y>d1 put !m ^u !   
ro(4 ,"o man 9 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 makes 8
 liv+ f bees kept on ! ro( ( 8 h\se4    
,wm4 ,a4 ,selz]1 a l>ge deal] 9         
bee-keep]s' supplies1 9 ,philadelphia1  
e/abli%$ _m colonies on ! ro( ( 8 place 
"r 9 ! he>t ( ! bus9ess di/rict1 :]e x  
w\ld seem impossible = bees to f9d a    
liv+4  ,v little space is requir$ =     
bee-keep+2 hives c be set two feet ap>t 
9 r[s1 & ! r[s six to t5 feet ap>t4 ,no 
pa/ure ne$ be provid$ = !m4 ,!re are    
always fields ( fl[]s to supply ! nect>4
  ,:ite clov] produces a l>ge yield (   
nect> ( v f9e flavor4 ,! basswood or    
l9d5 tree blossom produces a f9e nect>  
:i* "s consid] bett] ?an :ite clov]4    
,buck:eat also gives a good yield (     
nect>1 b x is d>k 9 color & br+s a l[]  
price = t reason4 ,!re are o!r plants   
:i* yield l>ge quantities ( nect>1 & x  

w\ld be necess>y to "k ! locality to say
 :at w\ld be ! be/ plants2 b z :ite     
clov] is f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e 9 ! nor!rn  
/ates1 x is safe to say ?is w be ! be/  
produc] 9 ! spr+1 & gold5rod1 :]e f\nd1 
! be/ = ! fall supply4  ,frank ,b5ton1 9
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 
,bullet9 #ei1 says3 ,x may be safely    
said t any place :]e f>m+1 g>d5+1 or    
fruit rais+ c be successfully foll[$ is 
adapt$ to ! pr(itable keep+ ( bees4     
,!re is always a f>m] "h & !re :o keeps 
a few hives ( bees4 ,^! (t5 c be pur*as$
 at a v reasonable price1 b unless !y   
are ,italian bees & are 9 improv$ hives1
 x w\ld be bett] to pur*ase f "s deal]4 
,he may sell y a v weak colony1 b aft] !
 fir/ ye> ^! ought to be z /rong z any4 
,/>t 9 ! spr+2 :5 y h y\r bees1 read    
good lit]ature on ! subject4 ,a4 ,i4    
,root's ,a ,b ,c ( ,bee ,culture is good
 = beg9n]s2 subscribe = ! ,am]ican ,bee 
,j\rnal1 ( ,*icago1 or ,glean+s 9 ,bee  
,culture1 ,m$9a1 ,ohio4 ,!y are full ( !
 late/ ideas on ! subject4  ,a yield (  

fifty p\nds ( honey 9 a season c be     
obta9$ f "o hive ( bees 9 almo/ any     
locality4 ,9 fact1 ?is is (t5 done :]e  
bees are kept 9 built up cities4 ,"o    
hundr$ p\nds w\ld be consid]$ a v small 
yield by _m api>i/s1 & twice ?is am\nt  
is (t5 ga!r$ 9 favor$ localities :]e    
up-to-date me?ods are foll[$4  ,"o man c
 take c>e ( two hundr$ hives or         
colonies1 z !y are t]m$1 if he is work+ 
= comb honey1 & p]haps twice t numb] if 
= extract$ honey4  ,comb honey is /or$  
usually 9 "o-p\nd boxes set 9 a sup] or 
small box ov] ! ma9 hive body1 :i* is   
itself a box ab\t sev5te5 in*es long1   
elev5 in*es wide1 & t5 in*es deep into  
:i* frames ( comb are slid side by side4
 ,^! combs are accessible & c be lift$  
out1 expos+ to view ! inn] work+s ( !   
hive4 ,x is 9 ^! combs t ! que5 lays z  
_m z ?ree ?\s& eggs "s days1 & 9 :i* !  
"y bees are hat*$4 ,!y are also us$ =   
/or+ honey = w9t] use4  ,! extractor has
 be5 inv5t$ to remove ?is honey )\t     
damag+ ! comb4 ,! economy ( ?is c       

readily be se51 z t5 p\nds ( honey c be 
/or$ :ile "o p\nd ( comb is be+ built4  
,?is leaves ! bees free to ga!r honey   
in/ead ( us+ a portion ( _! =ce to build
 comb1 z is necess>y :5 comb honey is   
desir$4  ,! extractor is a r\nd t9 c on 
a c5tral pivot ) a revolv+ me*anism4    
,into ?is ! full combs ( honey are plac$
 & are :irl$ ar\nd1 ?r[+ ! honey out    
into ! c by c5trifugal =ce4 ,x is !n run
 out at ! bottom into bottles or b>rels1
 & ! empty combs are replac$ 9 ! hive = 
! bees to fill aga94  ,twice z _m p\nds 
( honey c be produc$ by ?is me?od2 b !  
price ( extract$ honey is mu* less ?an t
 ( comb honey4 ,adult]ation ( extract$  
honey ) glucose is becom+ s preval5t t x
 ?reat5s to ru9 ?is bran* ( ! indu/ry4  
,b !re w always be a good m>ket = honey 
sold direct by ! produc] to resid5ts1 or
 ev5 ?r\gh /orekeep]s1 9 m$ium size     
t[ns1 :]e cu/om]s c be sure t ! honey is
 pure4  ,! av]age :olesale prices (     
honey are ab\t fifte5 c5ts a p\nd =     
extract$ & tw5ty c5ts = fancy comb1 s if

 ! api>i/ ) two hundr$ hives produces ! 
small av]age ( fifty p\nds ( comb honey 
& sells x at fifte5 c5ts a p\nd1 he w   
receive #aejj = 8 season's "w4 ,if he   
goes 9 = extract$ honey & produces "o   
hundr$ p\nds p] hive1 he w receive ev5  
m4 ,( c\rse1 exp5ses w h to come out (  
?is4  ,t ?is has be5 done ov] & ov] aga9
 is prov$ by m5 :o />t$ 9 ) only a few  
hives & h accumulat$ consid]able prop]ty
 f ! bus9ess4  ,b no "o ne$ expect to d 
?is unless he is will+ to give ! bees ! 
att5tion :i* !y w require4 ,to neglect  
!m once means (t5 a total loss4 ,mo/ ( !
 "w w h to be done dur+ ! sw>m+ season 9
 ,may1 ,june1 & ,july4 ,!re has be5 s   
mu* writt5 on ! subject & s _m inv5tions
 & improvem5ts made 9 ! hives t         
bee-keep+ m ?an any o!r bran* ( simil>  
employm5t has be5 r$uc$ to a sci5ce1 &  
any "o c ?or\ghly ma/] x 9 two or ?ree  
ye>s4 ,x is because its possibilities   
are n g5]ally recogniz$ t s few are n[  
engag$ 9 x4  ,! fe> ( /+s w always det] 
_m f ent]+ ?is bus9ess & s *eck         

competition f =c+ prices d[n4  ,! price 
( honey makes x a luxury1 & !re w be an 
unlimit$ opportunity 9 ! crop z long z !
 price does n get ne> ! co/ ( produc+1  
:i* is f> bel[ ! pres5t prices4  ,to use
 l& directly is to op5 almo/ inf9ite    
opportunities4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1
 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #bjd1 says3 ,9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates ! t]m 'mu%room' ref]s     
comm]cially to b a s+le species         
7,ag>icus ,campe/ris7 ( ! fle%ly fungi1 
a plant common ?r\gh\t mo/ ( ! temp]ate 
regions ( ! _w1 & "o ev]y:]e recogniz$ z
 edible4  ,x is un=tunate t ! comm]cial 
use ( ! t]m mu%room re/ricts x to a s+le
 species4 ,!re are ab\t tw5ty-five      
common v>ieties ( edible fungi 9 !      
,nor!rn /ates4  ,! successful           
cultivation ( mu%rooms 9 ,am]ica has n  
be5 s g5]al z 9 mo/ ,european c\ntries4 
,x is 9 ,france & 9 ,engl& t ! mu%room  
indu/ry has be5 be/ develop$4 ,france is
 ! home ( ! indu/ry4 ,unusual int]e/ has
 be5 %[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! gr[? (   
mu%rooms )9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 & x is to be

 hop$ & expect$ t )9 ! next t5 ye>s !   
indu/ry w develop to ! fulle/ limit ( ! 
m>ket dem&s4 ,! dem& w1 ( c\rse1 be     
/imulat$ by ! increas+ popul>           
appreciation ( ?is product4 ,9 "s cities
 & t[ns !re is already a good m>ket =   
mu%rooms1 :ile 9 o!rs !y may be sold    
directly to special cu/om]s4 ,?is %\ld  
be borne 9 m9d by prospective gr[]s4    
,:ile _m ,am]ican gr[]s h be5           
successful1 a mu* l>g] numb] h fail$4 ,9
 mo/ cases _! failures h be5 due to "o  
or m ( ! foll[+ causes3  7#a7 ,poor     
spawn1 or spawn :i* has be5 kill$ by    
improp] /orage4  7#b7 ,spawn+ at a      
temp]ature injuri\sly high4  7#c7 ,too  
mu* wat] ei!r at ! "t ( spawn+ or lat]4 
7#d7 ,unfavorable temp]ature dur+ ! gr[+
 p]iod4 ,x is !re=e important to !      
prospective gr[] t c>eful att5tion be   
giv5 to ! g5]al discussion ( conditions 
:i* foll[4  ,mu%rooms may be gr[n 9 any 
place :]e ! conditions ( temp]ature &   
moi/ure are favorable4 ,a %$1 cell>1    
cave1 or vacant space 9 a gre5h\se may  

be utiliz$ to advantage = ?is purpose4  
,! mo/ ess5tial factor1 p]haps1 is t (  
temp]ature4 ,! prop] temp]ature ranges f
 #ec degree to #fj degree ,f41 ) ! be/ f
 #ee degree to #eh degree ,f4 ,x is     
unsafe to attempt to gr[ mu%rooms on a  
comm]cial basis1 accord+ to our pres5t k
 ( ! subject1 9 a temp]ature mu* less   
?an #ej degree or great] ?an #fc degree 
,f4  ,any sev]e *anges ( temp]ature w\ld
 entirely de/roy ! pr(its ( ! mu%room   
crop4 ,f ?is x is evid5t t 9 _m places  
mu%rooms may n be gr[n z a summ] crop4  
,) artificial heat !y may be gr[n almo/ 
any:]e ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,moreov]1 x is v 
probable t 9 ?is c\ntry op5-air culture 
mu/ be limit$ to a few sections4  ,a    
second important factor is moi/ure4 ,!  
place %\ld n be v damp1 or con/antly    
dripp+ ) wat]4 ,"u su* conditions       
successful comm]cial "w is n possible4  
,a place :]e x is possible to ma9ta9 a  
fairly moi/ condition ( ! atmosph]e1 &  
hav+ su* capability = v5tilation z w    
cause at lea/ a gradual evaporation1 is 

necess>y4 ,) too rapid v5tilation & !   
consequ5t necessity ( repeat$           
applications ( wat] to ! mu%room b$1 no 
mu%room crop w atta9 ! highe/ p]fection4
  ,ev5 a little iron ru/ 9 ! soil is    
report$ z fatal to ! ,campe/ris1 ! only 
fungus s f> successfully propagat$4  ,if
 o!r fungi ?an ! ,campe/ris come up     
wild1 don't ?r[ !m away z wor?less4 ,_m 
are bett] eat+ ?an ! "o y seek1 & y c   
avoid ! risk ( poison\s ones by le>n+ to
 recognize ! dang]\s family--s5d = !    
,agricultural ,dep>tm5t's ,bullet9 ,no4 
#bjd4 ,mean:ile1 7#a7 all mu%rooms ) p9k
 gills1 7#b7 all coral-l fungi1 7#c7 all
 t gr[ on wood1 & 7#d7 all puffballs1   
are good to eat if !y are "y &          
t5d]--only don't mi/ake an unspread     
,am9ita = a puffball4  ,an +5i\s p]son  
may f9d o!r s\rces ( income 9 ! c\ntry4 
,a "y hotel port] 9 ,ul/] ,c\nty1 ,new  
,york1 b\ght sev5ty acres ( m\nta9      
woodl& f\r miles f ! railroad = two     
hundr$ & fifty doll>s1 & puts 9 8 w9t]s 
cutt+ b>rel hoops1 at :i* he makes two  

doll>s a day4 ,mean:ile ! l& is matur+  
timb]4 ,t is h>d "w1 b to ga!r wild     
mu%rooms or to cut will[s1 or sweet p9e 
ne$les to make cu%ions1 or to cat* "y   
squirrels = sale1 is light]1 if less    
/eady employm5t4  ,& ) all our uses (   
l&1 we mu/ n =get a little corn] = !    
hammock & ! croquet hoops = ! wife & !  
*ildr54 ,9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,quebec1 :]e !  
l& is held 9 great tracts "u !          
,seigniors1 ,i h se5 croquet gr\nds no  
bigg] ?an a b$ quilt 9 front ( ! little 
"o-room cottages4  ,! ,fr5*man kn[s !   
importance ( su* ?+s z t1 has meals out 
( doors 9 f9e wea!r1 goes on little     
picnics1 & keeps madame cont5t$ 9 !     
c\ntry4  ,a sw+1 or a seesaw1 & a te!r  
ball 7a ball sw++ f ! top ( a pole eight
 feet high7 = ! *ildr5 w help to keep ! 
family peace4     ,,*apt] ,,xiii        
,,fruits   ,fruit rais+ c succe$ 9 ei!r 
( two ways4 ,ei!r plant+ ! or*>d 9 "s "o
 fruit & specializ+ !reon1 or div]sify+ 
! op]ation to cov] _m v>ieties4 ,9 !    
fir/ way x is usual to e/abli% or*>ds 9 

favorable localities )\t special reg>d  
to ne>ness to m>ket2 because 9 ^! days (
 refrig]ator c> l9es ! product ( an     
or*>d 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry c be s5t to   
m>ket quickly en\gh to avoid loss4 ,:]e 
_m v>ieties are gr[n1 ! be/ site is     
usually ne> a l>ge city :]e ! gr[] c    
m>ket 8 own product on wagons & get !   
b5efit ( retail prices4  ,rememb] t x is
 f> m pr(itable to raise tw5ty baskets (
 f9e1 well-%ap$1 clean1 h&some apples or
 pea*es or any o!r h&-eat5 fruit1 ?an to
 raise a hundr$ b>rels ( /uff t is good 
only = ! common dri] or = ! mill or     
hogp54  ,c>e & common s5se are !        
jackscrews to use 9 rais+ f9e fruit4  ,!
 apple is ! great ,am]ican fruit =      
ext5sive or*>d+4 ,! "q is :e!r !re is a 
pr(it 9 apple gr[+4 ,! answ] is1 :]e !  
conditions are favorable & :5 ! bus9ess 
is well conduct$ !re is4 ,"u av]age     
conditions1 ) poor bus9ess managem5t1   
!re is little or none4  ,z ,pr(essor ,s4
 ,t4 ,mayn>d 9 ,suburban ,life tells u1 
,9 a suburban g>d5 ( "o ( our ,ea/]n    

cities are sev5 ,a/ra*an trees1 ab\t    
tw5ty ye>s old1 f :i* h be5 sold 9 a    
s+le season ov] "o hundr$ doll>s' wor? (
 fruit4 ,a fri5d ne> ,bo/on put ?ree    
?\s& b>rels ( pick$ ,baldw9s into cold  
/orage4 ,none ( ! fancy apples sold =   
less ?an ?ree doll>s a b>rel1 & ! o!rs  
nett$ m ?an two doll>s4 ,!y 7 ! product 
( less ?an =ty acres ( trees :i* _h be5 
plant$ ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,ano!r     
fruit gr[] %[$ me sev]al returns (      
commission m5 ( five1 six1 & ev5 sev5   
doll>s a b>rel = fancy ,baldw9s4 ,at su*
 prices1 & "u su* conditions1 !re is a  
l>ge pr(it 9 apple gr[+4  ,! o!r side ( 
! picture1 h[ev]1 is ! m common "o4 ,a  
fri5d s5t fifty b>rels ( fancy ,baldw9s 
to a commission h\se1 to be %ipp$ to    
,european m>kets1 ! returns = :i* 7 j   
en\gh to pay = ! b>rels4 ,! majority (  
apples gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are sold  
to buy]s1 "o buy] 9 ea* section1 = a    
doll> to two doll>s = ,no4 #a quality1 &
 a doll> = ,no4 #b4 ,) ! co/ ( b>rels at
 ab\t =ty c5ts1 labor = pick+1 sort+1 & 

pack+1 ^! prices leave little or no?+ = 
! use ( ! l&1 co/ ( f]tiliz]s1 spray+1  
?9n+1 etc41 all ( :i* are necess>y =    
gr[+ fruit ( ! be/ quality4  ,holmes    
fur!r says1 9 sub/ance1 t we mu/ make ! 
trees gr[ vigor\sly1 :e!r ^u poor or    
good soil4 ,gr[? is ! fir/ requirem5t4  
,to d ?is1 we ne$ a /rong1 deep1 moi/   
soil1--good grass l& well und]dra9$     
makes ! be/4 ,if ?is is on an elevation 
) a nor!rn or we/]n exposure1 x w be    
bett] ?an a s\!rn or an ea/]n "o4 ,:ile 
apple trees w gr[ on a ?9 soil1 s mu*   
c>e & f]tiliz+ is requir$ t ! crop w be 
( little or no pr(it ^u su* l&4 ,la/ly1 
we mu/ protect our fruit f insect &     
fung\s pe/s4  ,on l& t is free f /ones &
 n too /eep1 ?or\gh & frequ5t           
cultivation w give ! quicke/ & l>ge/    
returns4 ,on su* l&1 ho$ g>d5 or f>m    
crops may be pr(itable :ile ! trees are 
small1 b aft] five or six ye>s x w      
g5]ally be f\nd be/ to cultivate x      
entirely = ! gr[? ( trees4 ,organic     
matt] 9 ! =m ( /able manure or cov]     

crops w be ne$$1 & mu/ be appli$ 9 !    
fall or v e>ly 9 ! spr+ to keep up !    
supply ( humus 9 ! soil4  ,/ony l& t _c 
be pl[$ or cultivat$ except at a great  
co/ may be made to gr[ good crops (     
fruit4  ,:ile ! trees are "y1 ! soil    
%\ld be work$ ab\t !m = ! space ( a few 
feet & !n ! moi/ure reta9$ by a mul*    
sy/em1 mak+ use ( any wa/e organic matt]
 l /raw1 leaves1 mead[ hay1 bru%1 & we$s
 cut be=e !y se$4 ,mo/ ( ! fir/ prize   
apples at ! ,pan-,am]ican ,exposition at
 ,buffalo 7 gr[n "u ! turf-culture      
sy/em4  ,unless y h trees already on y\r
 l&1 x is too long to wait six or sev5  
ye>s = a crop4 ,we c graft good fruit on
 almo/ any tree1 ?\gh ! new dw>f trees w
 be> mu* soon]1 & if we h trees we ne$ n
 ev5 wait = ! h>ve/ ( our crop1 s9ce !  
w9dfalls w keep u 9 apple sauce1        
jellies1 & pies1 = no apple is too gre5 
= apple sauce1 n ev5 ! ones t ! boys c't
 bite4  ,! greate/ difficulty 9 !       
pr(itable gr[? ( ! apple is ! m>ket4    
,mu* ( ! pr(it 9 apple gr[+1 :e!r 9 !   

,ea/ or ! ,we/1 w dep5d ^u ! ext5t ( !  
bus9ess done1 especially if "o is a     
consid]able di/ance f m>kets4 ,! above  
are ! ess5tials not$ by ?is practical   
sci5ti/4 ,next to ! apple crop1 p]haps !
 mo/ important fruit crop = %ipp+ is !  
pea*4 ,! locality is p]haps ! mo/       
important consid]ation 9 a pea* or*>d4  
,9 ! ,ea/]n & ,s\!rn /ates1 & 9         
,connecticut1 ,delaw>e1 ,new ,j]sey1    
,m>yl&1 & ,virg9ia1 &1 ( late ye>s1     
,georgia1 pea*es fl\ri% & produce       
enorm\s crops4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! ne>] !
 or*>d is to l>ge bodies ( wat]1 ! m    
likely "o is to get a crop1 z !         
temp]ature ( ! wat] prev5ts a too e>ly  
budd+ out 9 ! spr+ & delays kill+ autumn
 fro/s4  ,g5]ally speak+1 a s&y1 por\s  
soil is be/ = pea*es1 b !y may be rais$ 
on clay l&s if provid$ ) pl5ty ( humus4 
,ano!r fruit :i* is pr(itable 9 di/ricts
 suit$ to its gr[? is ! grape4 ,bullet9 
,no4 #aec1 ,cornell ,exp]im5t ,/ation1  
says3 ,grapes are a dess]t fruit4 ,!y   
are n us$ to a l>ge ext5t 9 ! kit*5     

7?\gh !y might be71 s !re are few       
incid5tal or second>y products2 t is1 !y
 are n dri$1 cann$1 made into jellies1 &
 ! l1 to any ext5t1 t is1 9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates4  ,! grape is peculi>ly a        
sectional product4 ,c5tral ,new ,york   
has a l>ge area devot$ to x4 ,9 nor!rn  
,ohio1 a /rip along ,lake ,erie1 & "s ( 
its isl&s1 are devot$ almo/ exclusively 
to grape v9ey>ds4 ,9 di/ricts :]e grapes
 are int5sively gr[n1 a great "p ( !    
crop is us$ = w9e1 & ,am]ican w9e is    
ext5sively sold m our home m>kets1      
al?\gh x frequ5tly has =eign labels4    
,any "o pur*as+ a f>m %\ld plant "s     
grapev9es = home use4 ,grape juice is   
easily made & kept & is a pleas+        
bev]age4 ,grape jelly is excell5t & c\ld
 be readily m>ket$ 9 any ne>by t[n1 s9ce
 !re is v little1 comp>atively1 on sale4
 ,a grape arbor gives %ade1 ne$s little 
c>e1 & c be plant$ ne> ! h\se :]e x w n 
int]f]e ) ! crops4 ,= y _c cultivate all
 ( y\r l&2 "s grassy space mu/ be left  
ar\nd ! h\se if only = dry+ clo!s4 ,b if

 gr\nd is sc>ce1 v9es or lima beans c be
 tra9$ up ! back por* or up ! sunny side
 ( ! h\se2 or a few climb+ na/urtiums w 
give decorations )\t c>e1 :ile ! "y     
leaves make a good salad4  ,( home or*>d
 fruits1 ! plum1 pe>1 & qu9ce are all   
pr(itable specialties1 especially =     
int5sive acre rais+4 ,9 g5]al1 ! same   
rem>k may be made ( !m z ( ! o!r fruits1
 t !y ne$ c>eful selection ( l& to get !
 be/ results4 ,! *]ry has rec5tly come  
to be recogniz$ z a good comm]cial      
specialty4 ,mr4 ,george ,t4 ,p[ell1 9 ,!
 ,am]ican ,agriculturi/1 says3 ,! crop  
is a prec>i\s "o to m>ket4444 ,! risk & 
loss may be l>gely r$uc$ by mak+ a prop]
 selection ( site = ! or*>d4 ,?is %\ld  
be on high gr\nd :]e ! air g5]ally      
circulates freely4 ,?is is especially   
necess>y = sweet v>ieties4 ,! soil %\ld 
be ri*1 ) naturally good dra9age4  ,he  
says3 ,i h _h ,rockport trees produce   
f\r hundr$ p\nds ea* & ! fruit net t5   
c5ts a p\nd = ! entire crop4 ,! ,engli% 
,morello trees may be gr[n fifte5 feet  

ap>t ea* way1 :i* w all[ two hundr$     
trees to ! acre4 ,! l>g] trees ought to 
be plant$ some:at ?9n]4444 ,*]ries are  
pack$ l>gely 9 eight-p\nd baskets & 9   
/rawb]ry qu>ts4 ,ea* basket is fill$ )  
c>efully assort$ fruit1 e imp]fect      
specim5 be+ tak5 out1 aft] :i* !y are   
fac$ by plac+ ! /ems d[nw>d s t ! *]ry  
%[s 9 regul> r[s ^u ! face4 ,girls &    
wom5 d ?is "w4 ,! ,ea/]n fruit gr[] mu/ 
be> 9 m9d t he has to meet 9 8 m>ket !  
competition ( ! ,pacific coa/ gr[]s1 :o 
excel 9 f9e pack+2 & al?\gh our ,ea/]n  
gr[n *]ries are ( a f9] flavor1 !y are  
s5t to ! m>ket 9 su* a crude mann] & 9  
su* unattractive condition t !y sell =  
mu* less ?an ! ,cali=nia fruit4  ,reg>d+
 bu% b]ries1 he says1 y w get a small   
crop ! second ye> aft] plant+ & = ! ?ird
 & subsequ5t ye>s a full crop4 ,!       
important ?+ is to keep ! dead canes    
well prun$ out1 z ! cane bor] is "o ( ! 
wor/ insect pe/s4 ,:5 !y appe> !y c be  
/opp$ by cutt+ (f ! %oot sev]al in*es   
bel[ ! puncture z soon z x beg9s to     

droop1 & burn+ ! "p cut (f4 ,aga91 ,mr4 
,p[ell says1 ,currants require ri* soil4
 ,a clay or heavy loam is bett] ?an a   
heavy dry soil4 ,!y %\ld be plant$ 9 !  
fall4 ,! av]age f t5 ?\s& bu%es %\ld be 
ab\t f\r qu>ts ea*4 ,! *]ry currant is  
p]haps ! l>ge/ 9 size1 b n s prolific z 
"s o!rs4 ,currants are %ipp$ & sold 9   
?irty-two qu>t crates & h to be c>efully
 pack$ to get to m>ket 9 good condition4
  ,gooseb]ries are rais$ by ! acre4 ,mr4
 ,a4 ,m4 ,br[n1 ,k5t ,c\nty1 ,delaw>e1 9
 ,! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/1 tells ( a   
plantation 9 ,c5tral ,delaw>e :]e ov]   
tw5ty f\r ?\s& p\nds 7 ga!r$ f a scant  
f\r acres4 ,! product 0 sold to !       
,baltimore cann]s = six c5ts a p\nd1    
mak+ #addj 9 all4 ,9 addition to !      
gooseb]ries gr[n on six acres1 a l>ge   
crop ea* ( apples & pe>s 7 gr[n on !    
same gr\nd4 ,l currants1 ! gooseb]ry mu/
 be spray$ to de/roy ! worms1 & cut back
 & burnt to de/roy ! cane bor]4  ,!re is
 little special k requir$1 h[ev]1 9     
rais+ ?is fruit1 & x is well adapt$ =   

gr[]s ) small acreage & little money4   
,9 go+ into ! cultivation ( bu% fruits1 
x is usually be/ to gr[ !m 9 great      
v>iety ne> ! m>ket :]e !y are to be     
sold4 ,! bu% fruits are !n uni=mly      
pr(itable4 ,9 ,suburban ,life ,mr4 ,e4  
,c4 ,p[ell tells u t ! spr+ is ! be/ "t 
= plant+ raspb]ries & blackb]ries1 j z  
soon z ! gr\nd is dry en\gh to "w4 ,!   
fir/ season ! plots %\ld be well till$4 
,x is possible to gr[ vegetables betwe5 
! r[s ! fir/ ye> be=e ! b]ries beg9 to  
be>1 b unless press$ = space1 x probably
 doesn't pay4  ,p]haps ! be/ ( small    
fruits1 h[ev]1 & mo/ l>gely us$ is !    
/rawb]ry4 ,! /rawb]ry c be plant$ by !  
acre4 ,! gr\nd mu/ be ri* loam & pl5ty (
 humus1 well dra9$1 ) a s\!rn exposure4 
,well-gr[n plants set out 9 ! op5 w be> 
a small crop ! fir/ season1 b w n become
 ( maximum be>+ till ! second ye>4 ,aft]
 ! crop is tak5 (f 9 ! fall a mul* (    
/raw or leaves %\ld be plac$ ov] !      
plants to protect !m dur+ ! w9t]4 ,!    
/rawb]ries are pick$ by boys & girls4   

,! /rawb]ry is an exce$+ly pr(itable    
crop if prop]ly h&l$1 & is "o ( ! be/   
small fruits = p ) little capital4 ,:ile
 ! price 9 ! g5]al m>ket v>ies f fifte5 
to ?irty c5ts p] qu>t1 !y sometimes run 
z high z fifty 9 ! e>ly spr+2 yet x is  
possible to gr[ /rawb]ries wor? six     
doll>s a qu>t by int5sive culture 9     
gre5h\ses4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,w4 ,flet*]1 9      
,c\ntry ,life 9 ,am]ica1 says3 ,! =c+ ( 
/rawb]ries is a specializ$ indu/ry ( !  
highe/ type4 ,ev]ybody _c make x pay    
ev]y:]e4444 ,/rawb]ries are =c$ 9 pots  
or 9 b5*es4 ,! pot me?od is pref]r$ by  
^? :o f9d a dem& = ! highe/ quality (   
fruit reg>dless ( exp5se4444 ,if fruit  
is desir$ = ,*ri/mas1 ! plants are n    
*eck$ to any ext5t1 b are kept 9        
cont9u\s gr[?4 ,! conditions ( spr+time 
are simulat$ z f> z possible4 ,at       
,*ri/mas "t a qu>t box ( =c$ ,m>%all    
/rawb]ries sells at f "o-fifty to eight 
doll>s p] qu>t1 av]ag+ ab\t f\r doll>s4 
,our mo/ valuable allies aga9/ ! insect 
armies are toads1 bats1 wasps1 dragon   

flies1 & birds2 !y enjoy ! battle4  ,!re
 _c be too _m toads or bats4 ,toads w   
eat all sorts ( flies1 potato bugs1     
squa% bugs1 rose bugs1 cat]pill>s1 &    
almo/ any?+ t crawls4  ,if ! wasps      
become a nuisance1 x is easy to poison  
!m2 b ! birds are (t5 a nuisance--!     
rob9s eat ! /rawb]ries & *]ries ! in/ant
 !y are ripe4 ,!y soon get us$ to       
sc>ecr[s2 & to cov] ! fruit ) nets gives
 ! insects a free h&4 ,"s gr[]s raise   
sweet *]ries or o!r fruits specially to 
fe$ up ! birds s t !y w let ! re/ alone4
 ,e>ly ris+ & a pl5ty ( cats is ab\t !  
be/ rem$y4 ,a man1 or ev5 a woman1 work+
 on ! l& is ! be/ sc>ecr[4  ,!re are a  
few o!r fruits t gr[ wild 9 c]ta9       
sections & are ga!r$ & s5t to m>ket4    
,among ^! ! cranb]ry is ! mo/ important4
 ,x gr[s 9 ne>ly inaccessible bogs1     
pr9cipally 9 ,new ,j]sey1 & ! usual     
cu/om is = own]s ( l& on :i* !re are    
cranb]ry bogs to let out ! bog to pick]s
 on a p]c5tage basis4 ,cranb]ries c be  
cultivat$1 & !re is a consid]able pr(it 

9 ! bus9ess4 ,! swampy nature ( ! gr\nd 
ne$$1 h[ev]1 w det] all except ! mo/    
p]si/5t f ?is indu/ry4 ,"s cranb]ry bogs
 br+ z high z a ?\s& doll>s an acre4  ,!
 blueb]ry or huckleb]ry1 or1 z we call x
 9 ,irel&1 ! bilb]ry1 or froh51 gr[s    
wild 9 ! nor!rly /ates1 & is mu* s\ght  
aft] 9 ! m>ket4 ,_m ef=ts h be5 made to 
gr[ ! blueb]ry comm]cially2 b1 z is well
 said by ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,hale 9 ! ,rural  
,new ,york]1 ,! blueb]ry prov$ to be a  
good deal l ,indians--x w\ld n /&       
civilization1 & 0 nev] satisfactory1    
al?\gh ,i monkey$ ) x = a p]iod ( ab\t  
t5 ye>s4 ,mr4 ,fr$ ,w4 ,c>d1 ( ,rhode   
,isl&1 9 ! same issue reports a simil>  
exp]i5ce4 ,) our pres5t k ( ! blueb]ry1 
x is d\btful if x c be made a           
comm]cially cultivat$ crop4 ,lately1    
h[ev]1 x is claim$ t x c be gr[n 9 v    
poor1 non-nitrog5\s soil4  ,a v>iety1   
h[ev]1 call$ ! ,g>d5 ,blueb]ry1 gives   
almo/ incr$ible yields1 five bu%els be+ 
report$ f sixty plants4 ,x keeps all    
w9t] on ! bran*es1 if /or$ 9 a cell>1 & 

is ( f9e flavor & especially good =     
pres]ves4 ,a little fro/ improves x4  ,b
 wild b]ries1 crab apples1 & eld]b]ries 
& o!rs1 are good to pres]ve & f9d a     
ready sale if attractively put up2 !y   
also help out ! table greatly4 ,!n ?9k (
 ! fun6  ,9 rec5t ye>s1 c]ta9 v>ieties (
 nuts1 l ! ,engli% walnut1 ! pecan1 & ! 
hickory nuts h be5 gr[n comm]cially4 ,9 
! ,s\? p>ticul>ly1 ! pecan has be5 f\nd 
a good crop to plant on cotton          
plantations :i* h be5 ov]work$4 ,9 !    
,rural ,new ,york]1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,e4 ,v&evan
 gives an acc\nt ( an old cotton        
plantation ( #bbej acres ,iy+ on ! we/  
bank ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] 9 ,l\isiana4
 ,! pecan tree 0 indig5\s to ! l&1 & !  
wood$ portion ( ! plantation has ?\s&s (
 giant pecan trees gr[+ on x4 ,! previ\s
 own]s ( ?is plantation _h done all 9 _!
 p[] to de/roy ^! trees1 b !y fl\ri%$ 9 
spite ( t4 ,mr4 ,v&evan1 h[ev]1 saw 9 ! 
pecan a l>ge pr(it1 & he has plant$ t5  
?\s& trees on six hundr$ acres1 all 9 a 
solid block4 ,! trees are set fifty feet

 ap>t bo? ways1 except :]e a roadway is 
left4 ,betwe5 ! pecan trees ,mr4 ,v&evan
 has plant$ fig trees = e>ly returns1 ) 
! int5tion ( cann+ ! fruit4  ,! ,engli% 
walnut is gr[n pr9cipally 9 ,cali=nia4  
,its value has be5 recogniz$ only       
rec5tly1 z all ( ! nut crops take a good
 _m ye>s be=e ! trees beg9 to be>4 ,nut 
gr[+ on a small scale is n ( mu* value  
to a man ) a little bit ( l&1 except z  
an additional s\rce ( income4  ,if y f9d
 a sweet *e/nut tree or a %ell-b>k      
hickory or two 9 y\r wood lot1 !y w well
 repay protection & c>eful cultivation4 
,if y don't1 :y--!re are great promises 
9 quick matur+ nut trees4 ,!re is n[ an 
,engli% walnut :i* is claim$ to be> !   
?ird or ev5 ! second ye> aft] sett+ out4
 ,my own small exp]i5ce ) ^! 9 ,new     
,j]sey1 h[ev]1 has n be5 a success4     
,,*apt] ,,xiv  ,,fl[]s   ,e city 9 !    
,unit$ ,/ates af=ds an opportunity =    
fl[] g>d5+ & nurs]ies1 b a /udy mu/ be  
made ( ! m>ket 9 ord] to "k :at is be/  
to raise & :]e to raise x4  ,! *oice (  

crops dep5ds on ! popul> ta/e4 ,! fl[]s 
:i* are n[ 9 greate/ dem& are ! rose1   
c>nation1 violet1 & *rysan!mum4  ,ne> e 
l>ge city !re are hundr$s ( flori/s )   
glass h\ses1 "s cov]+ tw5ty acres or m4 
,!re 7 ov] #bjjj acres ( fl[] l& "u     
glass report$ at ! la/ c5sus4 ,z almo/  
all indu/ries to-day are specializ$1 s  
is floriculture2 9 "o place we see t5   
acres ( glass giv5 ov] to ! rose1 9     
ano!r ?\s&s ( doll>s devot$ to !        
c>nation or ! violet1 :ile "o gr[] 9    
,que5s1 ,long ,isl&1 has #ge1jjj squ>e  
feet ( glass = c>nations4  ,! speciali/ 
:o devotes 8 ?\ghts & en]gies to rais+  
"o fl[] c produce bett] results ?an if  
he rais$ a v>iety4 ,he has only "o crop 
to m>ket1 & c d x m successfully ?an ) a
 numb] ( crops4 ,if he raises en\gh to  
make himself a factor 9 ! m>ket1 he c   
sell direct in/ead ( s5d+ 8 product to a
 commission man1 !reby receiv+ bett]    
prices4  ,little capital is requir$ to  
/>t2 intellig5t ef=t is ! road to       
success4 ,v few1 inde$1 :o are n[ lead]s

 9 floriculture1 />t$ ) m ?an #ejj      
capital1 & _m ) mu* less4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ 
gr[]s ( roses 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^:     
plant cov]s m ?an t5 acres1 did n h #ejj
 :5 he />t$1 & _m o!rs n s well kn[n are
 mak+ h&some liv+s & h accumulat$ ?\s&s 
( doll>s ( prop]ty f a />t ( less ?an   
#ejj4  ,b practical k is mu* m necess>y 
?an 9 rais+ vegetables1 z small mi/akes 
w h m s]i\s results4 ,!re=e1 if y h "s  
capital & wi% to g into fl[] rais+1 x w 
pay y1 if circum/ances p]mit1 to hire   
out to a flori/1 ev5 at small wages1    
till y h le>n$ ! bus9ess--ev5 ?\gh y h  
rais$ fl[]s successfully 9 a home g>d54 
,mr4 ,frank ,hamilton1 manag] ( ,c4 ,w4 
,w>d's ( ,que5s1 tells ( at lea/ a doz5 
m51 :o h be5 9 _! employ dur+ 8         
tw5ty-five ye>s' exp]i5ce1 "s ( :om got 
only tw5ty doll>s a mon? at fir/1 &     
aft]w>ds />t$ 9 a small way = !mselves1 
:o are n[ mak+ a sub/antial liv+4       
,al?\gh ! m>ket dep5ds l>gely on !      
weal?y class 9 ! l>ge cities1 _m flori/s
 devote consid]able "t & space to fl[]s 

:i* are b\ght by ! poor] class ( city   
dwell]s :o h no space or "t to raise _! 
own4  ,!re are always good m>kets       
some:]e = ! crop1 & x is n an uncommon  
?+ to %ip fl[]s f ,new ,york to ,*icago1
 ,buffalo1 ,bo/on1 ,philadelphia1       
,baltimore1 & ,wa%+ton1 or vice v]sa4 ,!
 *ances ( success = a lov] ( fl[]s are  
bett] 9 ?is bus9ess ?an 9 any 9 :i* "o )
 a l am\nt ( capital c engage4 ,if !    
bus9ess at fir/ is n l>ge en\gh to use  
all 8 "t he w f9d no tr\ble 9 secur+    
employm5t 9 8 imm$iate vic9ity4 ,!re are
 always "s :o want su* a p]son to c>e = 
_! lawns or to give "s "t to _!         
cons]vatories4  ,9 ! la/ t5 ye>s !      
bus9ess has d\bl$1 & :ile _m h gone into
 x1 ! pr(it !y are mak+ indicates t     
supply has n kept pace ) dem&1 & t x is 
n likely to be ov]done ! ne> future4    
,pr(essor ,b4 ,t4 ,gall[ay1 9 an article
 9 ,! ,_w's ,"w1 says1 ,an acre ( soil  
"u glass pays fifty times z mu* z an    
acre outdoors4 ,!re are annually sold 9 
?is c\ntry six to sev5 million doll>s'  

wor? ( c>nation fl[]s ,!re are no less  
?an eight to t5 million squ>e feet (    
glass 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates devot$ to ?is   
fl[] alone4  ,al?\gh ,mr4 ,rockefell]'s 
place at ,t>ryt[n is ! l>ge/ competitor 
9 ! ,new ,york m>ket = violets1 !re is  
no local monopoly 9 t1 & ! local produc]
 ) p]sonal att5tion c d well4  ,9 !     
,c\ntry ,g5tleman an acc\nt is giv5 ( a 
violet f>m on ! nor? %ore ( ,ill9ois1   
:]e two wom5 are supply+ local flori/s44
 ,"o ( !m says3 ,we />t$ our f>m la/    
spr+ 9 ! face ( mo/ disc\rag+ prophecies
 f our fri5ds & ! ke5e/ competition (   
violet gr[]s ( ,new ,york4 ,b we believ$
 we c\ld be successful4 ,we _h /udi$ !  
be/ sci5tific me?ods ( gr[+ ! plants1 _h
 import$ ! be/ soil obta9able1 & built a
 gre5h\se fully adapt$ to our ne$s1 s we
 j w5t ahead & we f\nd x to be a pay+   
proposition4  ,our fir/ exp]im5t 0 9 us+
 cutt+s f ! violet f>m ( a lady at      
,lans+1 ,mi*igan1 :o has be5 a mo/      
successful gr[]4 ,^! did n ?rive1 & we  
next import$ #cjjj cutt+s f ! ,t>ryt[n  

neighborhood1 :]e violet culture has be5
 mo/ successful4  ,! fir/ rule is to    
keep ! temp]ature ( ! gre5h\se betwe5   
=ty-five & fifty degrees4 ,violets are  
spr+ fl[]s1 & )] & droop if ! temp]ature
 is n at ! "r degree4 ,mo/ p ?9k ! d\ble
 violets h no fragrance because mo/ ( ^?
 t we get lose _! fragrance 9 transit4  
,we supply #bjjj fl[]s a week1 & z !y   
rea* our patrons )9 two or ?ree h\rs at 
! mo/ f ! "t ( cutt+1 !y reta9 _!       
fragrance4 ,!y are also l>g] & ( a deep]
 color ?an ! ,new ,york fl[]s4 ,next ye>
 we hope to g 9 on a mu* l>g] scale4    
,:ile ! "w is n h>d1 x requires inf9ite 
c>e & vigilance :5 ! little plants are  
gr[+4 ,z a c>e] = a woman1 violet gr[+  
(f]s great] inducem5ts ?an any?+ ,i c   
?9k (4  ,!n1 surely1 o!rs c succe$ 9 o!r
 fl[]s at o!r places4 ,:ile !re is      
little *oice betwe5 ! /&>d /yles (      
gre5h\ses = violets1 !re %\ld be        
abundant provision = supply+ fre% air1  
ei!r f ! sides or top1 :i*ev] is *os54  
,! sy/em ( v5tilation %\ld admit (      

op]ation ei!r f ! inside or ! outside ( 
! h\se1 z fumigation ) hydrocyanic acid 
gas is sometimes necess>y1 9 ! fumes (  
:i* x is impossible to ent]1 unless ) a 
gas mask4  ,! arrangem5t ( ! h\se %\ld  
secure ! greate/ possible supply (      
sun%9e 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 & ! lea/   
possible dur+ ! gr[+ season1 :51 z ,miss
 ,h[>d po9ts out1 x is necess>y to      
secure z l[ a temp]ature z possible1 s z
 to obta9 good1 vigor\s1 heal?y-gr[+    
plants4 ,! be/ site is a level piece (  
gr\nd1 or "o slop+ g5tly to ! s\?4  ,( !
 diseases to :i* cultivat$ violets are  
subject ,mr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,dorsett1 ( !      
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 names f\r z   
especially dang]\s3 ,spot disease1      
produc+ :iti% spots on ! foliage2 root  
rot1 apt to attack "y plants transplant$
 9 hot1 dry wea!r2 wet rot1 a fungus apt
 to appe> 9 too moi/ air or :]e         
v5tilation is insuffici5t2 & yell[+1 ( !
 cause ( :i* little is kn[n4 ,any ( ^!  
diseases is difficult to ext]m9ate :5 x 
once ga9s a foo?old4 ,! be/ ?+ to d is  

to get /rong1 vigor\s cutt+s1 & !n to   
give c>eful att5tion to wat]+1          
cultivation1 & v5tilation1 & !          
de/ruction ( dead & dy+ leaves & all    
runn]s z fa/ z !y appe>4  ,among insect 
enemies1 ! aphids1 r$ spid]s1 eel worms1
 gall flies1 & slugs may be m5tion$4    
,mo/ ( ^! c be easie/ controll$ by      
hydrocyanic acid gas treatm5t4          
,*rysan!mums1 especially ( pret]natural 
size & biz>re colors--! college colors  
at football games1 = in/ance--are 9     
great dem&4 ,!y are extremely           
decorative1 & _! rem>kable la/+ quality 
insures _! p]man5t popul>ity4 ,i h he>d 
t ! unexp&$ bud c be cook$ l caulifl[] =
 ! table2 b we h n le>n$ to use !m 9 t  
way4 ,9 ,japan & ,*9a ! leaves ( !      
*rysan!mum are e/eem$ z a salad4 ,"o    
attempt has be5 made by ,engli% g>d5]s  
to introduce ?is use ( !m into ,engl&1 b
 x 0 unsuccessful4  ,! annual %[s (     
*rysan!mums & ( roses indicate !        
importance ( ! bus9ess4  ,x is n g5]ally
 kn[n1 b ! poppies are com+ into favor =

 cut fl[]s 9 spite ( ! fact t !y d n    
keep v well4 ,miss ,edi? ,grang] avoids 
?is difficulty1 z %e expla9s 9 ! ,g>d5  
,magaz9e1 by pick+ (f all blooms t h n  
already lo/ _! petals 9 ! ev5+1 s t 9 ! 
morn+ all ! op5 fl[]s w be new ones4 ,^!
 are cut z e>ly z possible1 ev5 :ile !  
dew is /ill ^u !m1 & plung$ imm$iately  
into deep wat]4  ,y ne$ n be disc\rag$  
by ! l[ prices at :i* fl[]s1 especially 
violets & roses1 are (t5 (f]$ 9 !       
/reets4 ,^? fl[]s are ! disc>d$ /ock or 
delay$ %ipm5ts ( ! swell flori/s4 ,y w  
f9d t ^? fl[]s are fad+1 or reviv$ )    
salt1 & w n keep4  ,t !y are s p$dl$1   
%[s t ev]ybody1 at hotels1 d9n]s1       
fun]als1 w$d+s1 9 ! home1 & ! "y m5 = ! 
"y wom51 want fl[]s1 ! lovelie/ ?+s ev] 
made )\t s\ls4 ,we h only to supply su* 
a want to f9d our place 9 life4  ,z a   
side l9e ! common fl[]s w br+ good      
prices2 mignonette1 ba*elor buttons1    
cosmos1 & ev5 na/urtiums1 :i* y c't keep
 f gr[+ if y j /ick ! se$ 9 ! gr\nd1 or 
lilies ( ! valley1 :i* y c h>dly get rid

 ( once !y />t1 nev] g begg+1 if !y are 
fre%4  ,a favorite fl[] ) _m is ! sweet 
pea1 :i* c be gr[n out ( doors 9 ! summ]
 "t :]e y h a good dep? & quality (     
soil4  ,i h se5 ,may blossoms & autumn  
leaves on ! bran* & ev5 gold5rod br\ght 
into t[n & sold at good prices4         
,ent]prises (t5 look attractive at a    
di/ance2 = in/ance1 rais+ or*ids1       
especially z "s ( ! fl[]s rema9 on !    
plants ready = m>ket = weeks & br+ high 
prices4 ,b to %ip fl[]s at a pr(it !y   
mu/ be 9 quantities1 else ! exp5ses eat 
up ! returns1 & !y mu/ be %ipp$ )       
consid]able regul>ity1 else y lose y\r  
cu/om]s4 ,to get su* a supply ( or*ids  
w\ld take a v l>ge capital & involve s  
mu* labor t x is d\btful if m ?an good  
int]e/ c\ld be realiz$ on x4  ,_m       
flori/s make money by keep+ con/antly on
 h& f]ns1 palms1 & o!r plants l rubb]   
trees1 :i* !y r5t out = social          
functions1 w$d+s1 & o!r occasions4 ,mo/ 
flori/s 9 ! l>g] cities h also q a ?riv+
 bus9ess 9 tree plant+1 :i* is ev]y:]e  

on ! increase4 ,a highly specializ$     
dep>tm5t ( horticulture is t ( rais+ "y 
trees & plants to sell = improv+ gr\nds1
 plant+ or*>ds1 or simil> uses4 ,!      
nurs]y bus9ess be>s mu* ! same relation 
to ! comm]cial flori/ or or*>di/ z se$  
gr[+ does to ! m>ket g>d5]4  ,c]ta9     
communities1 ?r\gh favorable soil or    
climate1 are be/ adapt$ to ! production 
( nurs]y /ock4 ,consequ5tly1 "o f9ds ?is
 indu/ry mo/ highly develop$ 9 scatt]$  
localities4 ,x is true t p ) small      
capital %\ld n tackle a bus9ess s       
te*nical z ?is4  ,! bus9ess ( bulb      
production is ano!r highly specializ$   
dep>tm5t4 ,9 c]ta9 sections ( ,holl&    
l>ge areas ( ! ri* l[l&s are giv5 ov] to
 bulbs ( v>i\s k9ds ( lilies1 ne>ly all 
( :i* are propagat$ 9 t mann]4 ,to atta9
 p]fection1 at lea/ 9 ! ,nor?1 mo/ bulbs
 require deep1 ri*1 w>m1 & highly manur$
 soils2 & assidu\s att5tion at e /age4  
,9 _m plant specialties1 ! g>d5]s (     
,europe /ill f> surpass our own1 because
 conditions !re h =c$ !m to make use ( e

 available means to increase production4
 ,! imm5se price t ,european g>d5]s h to
 pay = l& has be5 a mo/ pot5t factor 9  
=c+ !m to seek out & apply ! mo/ +5i\s  
=c+ me?ods4 ,! "t is ^u u "h 9 ,am]ica  
also :5 we mu/ f9d out ! highe/ use ( l&
 & apply x to t use4  ,z ! ae/hetic     
qualities ( our p become m highly       
develop$1 ! bus9ess ( rais+ fl[]s mu/   
become ( increas+ importance1 & w       
readily rew>d any "o :o goes into x     
consci5ti\sly4 ,fl[] gr[+ is peculi>ly  
adapt$ to wom51 s9ce ! "w is light ,!re 
are few disagreeable features1 unless x 
be ! h&l+ ( ! manure incid5tal to ! be/ 
results4  ,/ill1 ! enjoym5ts (          
agriculture dep5d ^u individual ta/es4  
,i h se5 lady g>d5]s pick+ /rawb]ries ) 
! footman hold+ up an umbrella to scre5 
!m f ! sun4  ,"s wom5 w\ld l t1 "s n4   
,,*apt] ,,xv  ,,drug ,,plants   ,a s\rce
 ( pr(it f l& to :i* little att5tion has
 be5 giv5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is collect+ 
or rais+ plants1 "s "p ( :i* may be us$ 
= m$ic9al purposes4 ,we cond5se f       

,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #ahh1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture3  ,c]ta9
 well-kn[n we$s are s\rces ( crude drugs
 at pres5t obta9$ :olly or 9 "p f       
abroad4 ,roots1 leaves1 & fl[]s ( sev]al
 ( ! species mo/ detrim5tal 9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates are ga!r$1 cur$1 & us$ 9 ,europe1
 & supply mu* ( ! dem&s ( =eign l&s4 ,"s
 ( ^! plants are 9 _m /ates subject to  
anti-we$ laws1 & f>m]s are requir$ to   
take measures t[>d _! ext]m9ation4  ,!  
prices paid = crude drugs f ^! s\rces   
save 9 w> "t are n great & w\ld r>ely   
tempt any "o to ?is "w z a bus9ess4 ,yet
 if 9 ridd+ ! f>m ( we$s & ?us rais+ !  
value ( ! l& ! f>m] c at ! same "t make 
^! pe/s ! s\rce ( a small income in/ead 
( a dead loss1 some?+ is ga9$4  ,"o r   
allur+ fact conta9$ 9 an article by ,dr4
 ,true1 is t a %ortage has become ke5ly 
felt 9 ,gold5 ,seal1 :i* ! e>ly ,am]ican
 settl]s le>n$ f ! ,indians to use z a  
curative = sore & inflam$ eyes1 z well z
 = sore m\?4 ,! plant gr[s 9 pat*es 9   
high op5 woods1 & 0 =m]ly f\nd 9 great  

abundance 9 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,k5tucky1 &
 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 b is n[ s r>e t its     
price has ris5 f ?irty-five c5ts        
:olesale 9 #ahih to ov] sev5ty-five c5ts
 a p\nd4 ,p]sons 9 diff]5t p>ts ( !     
c\ntry h und]tak5 ! production ( ,gold5 
,seal on a comm]cial scale4 ,m ?an six  
hundr$ doll>s' wor? c be gr[n on an     
acre3 s a crop ?is ye> w\ld be a =tune4 
,! me?ods ( rais+ x c be asc]ta9$ ^u    
application to ! ,dep>tm5t (            
,agriculture4  ,g9s5g is "o ( ! drug    
crops :i* paid h&some returns a few ye>s
 ago1 p]haps because x takes f five to  
sev5 ye>s to gr[ f se$s2 b s _m w5t into
 t l9e t few m5 to-day make any?+ at x4 
,fur!rmore1 ! ,*9ese1 :o use a l>ge "p (
 x1 w buy only ! wild roots--& !y "k !  
diff]5ce4 ,^? :o control ! trade h burn$
 quantities 9 ! ef=t to keep up ! price4
  ,!re are "s drug plants :i* might be  
rais$ ) success by ^? :o w\ld specialize
 9 "o plant1 b ! lesson we le>n f g9s5g 
%\ld act z a w>n+4  ,rais+ drugs is "o (
 ^? ?+s t seems to be m pr(itable to    

tea* o!rs to d ?an to d y\rself4 ,a well
 kn[n ,pr(essor said to me3 ,if ,i 7    
tw5ty-five & knew :at ,i "k ab\t drugs &
 ! m>ket = !m1 ,i %\ld g into !         
drug-rais+ bus9ess4 ,b ,i %\ld expect to
 lose money = "s ye>s4 ,if ,i 7 a small 
cl]k1 say1 or an old man :o want$ to get
 out ( city life1 & ,i _h #ejj ,i really
 want$ to v5ture 9 drug rais+1 ,i %\ld  
divide x 9 half--half ,i %\ld put 9 !   
bank & ! o!r half ,i %\ld ?r[ into !    
,hudson ,riv]4 ,!n ,i %\ld be sure (    
#bej in/ead ( be+ drawn on to sp5d x    
all4  ,mo/ ( ! p :o h be5 9 ! bus9ess1  
notably ! ,%ak]s1 :o us$ to d ! mo/ ( x1
 are gradually gett+ out ( x4 ,! few m5 
:o make money rais+ drugs keep x to     
!mselves4  ,9 _m cases :5 we$s h be5 dug
 ! "w ( h&l+ & cur+ !m is n excessive & 
c readily be done by wom5 & *ildr54     
,too mu* emphasis _c be plac$ ^u !      
importance ( c>efully & ?or\ghly dry+   
all crude drugs1 :e!r roots1 h]bs1      
leaves1 b>ks1 fl[]s1 or se$s1 & putt+ !m
 "u cov] at nightfall4 ,if poorly dri$1 

!y w heat & become moldy 9 %ipp+1 & !   
collector w f9d 8 goods reject$ by !    
deal] & h all 8 tr\ble = no?+4 ,leaves1 
h]bs1 & fl[]s %\ld nev] be wa%$4  ,x is 
important also to collect 9 prop] season
 only1 z drugs collect$ out ( season are
 unm>ketable on acc\nt ( inf]ior m$ic9al
 qualities1 & !re w also be a great]    
%r9kage 9 a root dug dur+ ! gr[+ season 
?an :5 x is collect$ aft] gr[? has      
ceas$4  ,! roots ( annual plants %\ld be
 dug 9 ! autumn ( ! fir/ ye> j be=e !   
fl[]+ p]iod1 & ^? ( bi5nial & p]5nial   
plants 9 ! fall ( ! second or ?ird ye>1 
aft] ! tops h dri$4  ,aft] ! roots h be5
 dug ! soil %\ld be well %ak5 f !m1 &   
all =eign p>ticles1 su* z dirt1 roots1 &
 p>ts ( o!r plants1 %\ld be remov$4 ,if 
! roots _c be suffici5tly cle>$ ( soil  
by %ak+1 !y %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$ 9     
clean wat]4 ,drugs mu/ look :olesome at 
lea/4 ,x does n pay to be c>eless 9 ?is 
matt]4 ,! soil increases ! weight ( !   
roots1 b ! pur*as] is n will+ to pay by 
weight = dirt1 & grades ! unclean$ or   

mix$ drugs accord+ly4 ,x is ! bright1   
natural look+ root1 leaf1 or plant t w  
br+ a good price4  ,aft] wa%+1 ! roots  
%\ld be c>efully dri$ by expos+ !m to   
light & air1 on racks or %elves1 or on  
clean well-v5tilat$ b>n floors1 or l(ts4
 ,!y %\ld be spread out ?9ly & turn$    
occasionally f day to day until         
completely cur$4 ,:5 ?is po9t is rea*$1 
9 p]haps ?ree to six weeks1 ! roots w   
snap readily :5 b5t4 ,if dri$ out (     
doors !y %\ld be plac$ "u %elt] at night
 & ^u ! approa* ( ra94  ,"s roots       
require slic+ & remov+ fibr\s rootless4 
,9 g5]al1 l>ge roots %\ld be split or   
slic$ :5 gre5 9 ord] to facilitate dry+4
  ,b>ks ( trees %\ld be ga!r$ 9 spr+1 :5
 ! sap beg9s to fl[1 b may also be peel$
 9 w9t]4 ,9 ! case ( ! co>s] b>ks 7z    
elm1 hemlock1 popl>1 oak1 p9e1 & wild   
*]ry7 ! out] lay] is %av$ (f be=e ! b>k 
is remov$ f ! tree1 :i* process is kn[n 
z ross+4 ,only ! inn] b>k ( ^! trees is 
us$ m$ic9ally4 ,b>ks may also be cur$ by
 exposure to sunlight1 b moi/ure mu/ be 

avoid$4  ,leaves & h]bs %\ld be collect$
 :5 ! plants are 9 full fl[]4 ,! :ole   
plant may be cut & ! leaves may be      
/ripp$ f x1 reject+ ! co>se & l>ge /ems 
z mu* z possible1 & keep+ only ! fl[]+  
tops & m t5d] /ems & leaves4  ,bo?      
leaves & h]bs %\ld be spread out 9 ?9   
lay]s on clean floors1 racks1 or %elves1
 9 ! %ade1 b :]e !re is free circulation
 ( air1 & turn$ frequ5tly until ?or\ghly
 dry4 ,moi/ure w d>k5 !m4  ,fl[]s are   
collect$ :5 !y fir/ op5 or imm$iately   
aft]1 n :5 !y are beg9n+ to fade4 ,se$s 
%\ld be ga!r$ j z !y are rip5+1 be=e !  
se$ pods op51 & %\ld be w9n[$ 9 ord] to 
remove fragm5ts ( /ems1 leaves1 &       
%rivel$ specim5s4  ,! collector %\ld be 
sure t ! plant is ! "r "o4 ,_m plants   
closely resemble "o ano!r1 & "s y>bs1   
contr>y to ! popul> impression1 are     
deadly poison--night%ade 7belladonna7 & 
! wild v>iety ( p>snips1 = in/ance4     
,!re=e1 :]e any d\bt exi/s1 s5d a       
specim5 ( ! entire plant1 includ+       
leaves1 fl[]s1 & fruits1 to a drug deal]

 or to ! ne>e/ /ate exp]im5t /ation =   
id5tification4  ,samples repres5tative (
 ! lot ( drugs to be sold %\ld be s5t to
 ! ne>e/ commission m]*ant1 or drug     
/ore1 = inspection & = quotation on !   
am\nt ( drug t c be furni%$1 or =       
in=mation z to :]e to s5d ! article4  ,9
 writ+ to ! diff]5t deal]s = in=mation &
 = prices1 :i* v>y greatly1 x %\ld be   
/at$ h[ mu* ( a p>ticul> drug c be      
furni%$ & h[ soon ?is c be suppli$1 &   
po/age %\ld always be inclos$ = reply4  
,! collector %\ld be> 9 m9d t freight is
 an important item1 & x is be/1 !re=e1  
to address ! deal]s accessible to !     
place ( production4 ,! package conta9+ !
 sample %\ld be pla9ly m>k$ ) cont5ts & 
! "n & address ( ! s5d]4 ,:5 ready =    
%ipm5t crude drugs may be tightly pack$ 
9 burlap or gunny sacks1 or 9 dry1 clean
 b>rels4  ,burdock root br+s f ?ree to  
eight c5ts p] p\nd1 & se$ five to t5    
c5ts4 ,ab\t fifty ?\s& p\nds ( ! root is
 import$ annually1 & ! be/ has come f   
,belgium4 ,( dock roots1 ab\t #abe1jjj  

p\nds are import$ annually1 at f two to 
eight c5ts4  ,! field = ! sale ( d&elion
 root is l>ge4  ,( c\* grass1 ! roots ( 
:i* cause mu* pr(anity 9 ?is c\ntry1 !re
 are "s #bej1jjj p\nds annually import$ 
at f ?ree to sev5 c5ts p] p\nd4  ,a     
common we$ ) :i* !re is a consid]able   
tr\ble is ! pokewe$1 ! root ( :i* br+s f
 two to five c5ts p] p\nd & ! dri$      
b]ries five c5ts p] p\nd4  ,=ty to sixty
 ?\s& p\nds ( foxglove are import$ f    
,europe4 ,analysis has %[n t ! leaves ( 
! wild ,am]ican foxglove are z good z ! 
,european article1 ! price ( :i* p] p\nd
 ranges f six to eight c5ts4  ,( mulle9 
fl[]s ab\t five ?\s& p\nds us$ to be    
import$1 *iefly f ,g]many4 ,! leaves are
 also import$4  ,dri$ leaves & tops (   
lobelia br+ f ?ree to eight c5ts p]     
p\nd1 :ile ! se$ comm&s fifte5 to tw5ty 
c5ts p] p\nd4  ,( tansy ab\t ?irty-five 
?\s& p\nds h be5 import$ annually at a  
price rally+ f ?ree to six c5ts4  ,!    
fl[]+ tops & leaves ( ! gum plant are   
us$ z drug4 ,!y br+ f five to twelve    

c5ts p] p\nd4  ,boneset leaves & tops   
br+ f two to eight c5ts p] p\nd4 ,catnip
 tops & leaves two to eight c5ts p]     
p\nd4  ,( horeh\nd ab\t #abe1jjj p\nds  
are import$ annually1 prices be+ ?ree to
 eight c5ts p] p\nd4  ,bless$ ?i/le is  
cultivat$ 9 ,g]many1 & x is import$ to a
 limit$ ext5t4  ,y>r[ is a we$ common f 
! ,new ,engl& /ates to ,miss\ri4 ,x is  
import$ 9 small quantities1 & br+s f two
 to five c5ts p] p\nd4  ,canada fleabane
 br+s f six to eight c5ts p] p\nd4 ,(   
jimsonwe$1 leaves are import$1 f        
#ajj1jjj to #aej1jjj p\nds annually1 &  
#aj1jjj p\nds ( se$4 ,leaves br+ two &  
"o half to eight c5ts p] p\nd1 & se$s f 
?ree to sev5 c5ts p] p\nd4  ,( poison   
hemlock1 se$s are import$ f t5 to tw5ty 
?\s& p\nds annually4 ,price = ! se$ is  
?ree c5ts p] p\nd1 = ! leaves ab\t f\r  
c5ts4 ,! fl[]s are also us$4  ,!        
,am]ican wormse$ has be5 naturaliz$ f   
tropical ,am]ica to ,new ,engl&2 ! se$  
comm&s f six to eight c5ts p] p\nd2 !   
oil di/ill$ f ?is se$ br+s "o doll> & a 

half p] p\nd4  ,black mu/>d1 :i* is a   
tr\blesome we$ 9 almo/ e /ate 9 !       
,union1 is nev]!less import$ 9 enorm\s  
quantities1 ! total imports ( ! se$s ( !
 black & :ite mu/>d am\nt+ annually to  
ov] five million p\nds1 ! prices be+ f  
?ree to six c5ts p] p\nd4 ,all ^! prices
 & quantities 7 be=e ! w> & may greatly 
*ange aft] x4  ,9 /udy+ ! wild drug     
plants1 "o may le>n ! imm5se v>iety (   
field salads & gre5s4 ,on a visit to !  
,_s ,fruit ,society at ,+leside1        
,ill9ois1 "o ( ! girls took me out to   
ga!r wild vegetables = d9n]4 ,we pull$  
up ab\t a doz5 v>ieties out ( ! corn]s (
 a field2 two or ?ree ( ! nice look+    
ones t ,i ga!r$ ! "y lady ?rew out1 say+
 %e did n "k !m2 b x seem$ to me t %e   
took almo/ any?+ t 0 n too t\gh4 ,!     
foll[+ are commonly us$ z salads3       
,d&elion1 yell[ racket1 purslane        
7pusley71 wat]cress1 na/urtium2 & !     
foll[+ z gre5s = cook+3 n>r[ or s\r     
dock1 /++ nettle1 pokewe$1 pigwe$ or    
lamb's qu>t]s1 black mu/>d4 ,"y milkwe$ 

is bett] ?an sp9a*1 & also makes an     
excell5t salad4 ,probably all ! salad   
leaves c\ld be cook$ to advantage4      
,rhub>b leaves & hors]adi% tops are g>d5
 gre5s usually neglect$ mo/ unfairly4   
,osage ,orange 7maclura aurantiaca7 is  
g5]ally suppos$ to be poison1 & is      
describ$ 9 ,web/]'s diction>y z a h>d & 
in$ible fruit1 b ,i h f\nd "o k9d1 at   
lea/1 sup]ior to qu9ces4  ,capsicum or  
r$ pepp]1 licorice 7! imports ( :i* h   
all be5 9 ! h&s ( "o p]son71 camphor1   
belladonna1 h5bane1 & /ramonium are     
possible fields = culture2 b !y are all 
exp]im5ts4  ,if y are gr[+ poppies = !  
fl[]s x might be wor? :ile to ga!r "s   
opium1 especially if ! new process      
succe$s 9 sep>at+ morph9e directly f !  
plant4  ,c>away se$s1 anise1 core&]1 &  
sage are common g>d5 plants t may be    
sold z drugs4     ,,*apt] ,,xvi  ,,novel
 ,,live ,,/ock   ,occasionally we he>   
/ories ( ! weal? :i* is be+ made on a   
frog f>m "h or !re4 ,b z a rule little  
comm]cial success has att5d$ attempts 9 

?is direction4  ,! difficulty lies 9    
fe$+ !m4 ,a s+le frog c be f$ by dangl+ 
a piece ( meat be=e x1 b x w\ld be      
impossible to fe$ ?\s&s ?is way4 ,!re   
are s _m enemies t few tadpoles become  
adult frogs2 besides1 ! frog is a       
cannibal & w eat n only ! l>vae or eggs1
 b ! tadpoles & "y frogs z well4  ,frog 
culture is successful 9 "s places :]e   
ponds are l>ge en\gh to be p>tition$1   
sep>at+ ! tadpoles & "y frogs f ! old   
ones1 & :]e insects are abundant en\gh  
to supply food naturally = !m4 ,ne> ,san
 ,francisco !re are a numb] ( frog      
ran*es4 ,ev5 9 #aijc1 accord+ to ,m>y   
,he>d 9 ,out ,we/1 "o ran* sold to ,san 
,francisco m>kets #bfjj doz5 frogs'     
legs1 nett+ #ahjj4 ,?is 0 consid]$ poor4
 ,frogs' legs are sold to hotels &      
re/aurants1 & br+ 9 ,new ,york1 accord+ 
to size & season1 f fifty c5ts to a     
doll> a p\nd4  ,tons ( frogs come to    
,new ,york m>kets ea* ye> f ,canada1    
,mi*igan1 & f ! ,s\? & ,we/4 ,few p     
outside ( ! cities eat !m4 ,! ,unit$    

,/ates ,fi% ,commission]s report$ !     
product 9 "o ye>3 ,arkansas1 #eh1hjj    
lb41 valu$ at #dafb2 ,indiana1 #bd1jjj  
lb41 valu$ at #ejbf2 ,ohio1 #ad1jjj lb41
 valu$ at #bcdj2 ,v]mont1 #eejj lb41    
valu$ at #hbe1 etc4--a total ( #bb1iec4 
,! enorm\s & increas+ prices ( l>ge     
diamond back$ turtles1 & ! *eapness (   
little ones %[s t matur+1 at lea/1 if n 
actually bre$+ !m1 w\ld be well wor?    
inve/igation4 ,_m weal?y ,new ,york]s   
s5d direct to ,m>yl& = _! supplies4 ,:]e
 turtle meat is bottl$ or cann$1 !      
snapp+ turtle & ! common box tortoise   
are sometimes us$ z sub/itutes4 ,bo? are
 capital eat+4  ,! c>p is "o ( ! mo/    
excell5t fre% wat] fi%1 & is ( great    
value on acc\nt ( ! facility ( culture &
 ! enorm\s ext5t to :i* ?is is c>ri$ on4
 ,9 ,europe "s artificial ponds comprise
 an area ( no less ?an #bj1jjj acres1 & 
! proce$s am\nt to ab\t #ejj1jjj p\nds (
 c>p p] annum4 7,hessel1 9 ,c>p & ,its  
,culture47  ,x atta9s ! weight ( ?ree to
 f\r p\nds 9 ?ree ye>s )\t artificial   

fe$+1 & mu* m "u m favorable conditions4
 ,x lives to a great age & cont9ues to  
gr[ all ! :ile4  ,9 ,europe x is common 
to see c>p weigh+ f ?irty to =ty p\nds &
 m1 measur+ ne>ly ?ree & "o half feet 9 
l5g? & two & ?ree qu>t]s feet 9         
circumf]5ce4  ,x lives on vegetable     
food1 insects1 l>vae1 & worms1 & w n    
attack o!r fi%es or _! spawn4 ,x is easy
 to raise1 &1 provid$ c]ta9 g5]al rules 
are foll[$1 success w att5d its culture4
  ,! localities be/ adapt$ to a c>p pond
 are ^? 9 :i* !re is suffici5t wat] at  
h& = ! summ] z well z ! w9t]4 ,a mud or 
loam soil is be/ adapt$ = su* a pond4 ,a
 rocky1 gravelly gr\nd is n suit$ = c>p2
 ! wat] %\ld be ! same dep? all ! ye>1 z
 v>iation has an injuri\s effect on !   
fi%4  ,c>p spawn 9 ! spr+4 ,9 /ock+ a   
pond ?ree females are calculat$ to two  
males4 ,! females lay a great numb] (   
eggs1 b only a small numb] are          
impregnat$4 ,! mo/ lib]al e/imate w n   
exce$ f #hjj to #ajjj to "o spawn]1 !   
aggregate p] acre am\nt+ to f #djjj to  

#ejjj4  ,! l>ge cities conta9+ l>ge     
numb]s ( ,europeans furni% ! pr9cipal   
m>kets = c>p4 ,! ,jewi% p w n1 z a rule1
 buy c>p unless !y are alive1 s x is n  
an uncommon ?+ to see fi% deal]s 9 !    
,hebrew qu>t]s pu%+ ?r\gh ! /reets c>ts 
con/ruct$ z tanks & p$dl+ ! c>p alive4  
,"s ye>s ago c>p ponds 7 q a fad among  
f>m]s ( ! ,c5tral ,we/4 ,am]icans h be5 
sl[ to adopt ! ,g]man c>p z a food fi%4 
,tr\t1 ( c\rse1 c be rais$1 & ! high    
prices :i* !y br+1 bo? 9 m>ket & = fi%+ 
privileges1 make !m v attractive2 b !   
cold runn+ wat] ne$$ makes opportunity =
 bre$+ !m ) access to a good m>ket      
g5]ally unavailable to own]s ( five     
acres4  ,!re is ano!r fi%1 fam\s = its  
eat+ qualities1 :i* well repays ef=t put
 ^u its production4 ,i ref] to ! black  
bass4 ,x is indig5\s to ! wat]s ( !     
,ea/]n /ates1 :]e x is usually f\nd 9   
creeks or riv]s4 ,x c be successfully   
br$ 9 prop]ly con/ruct$ ponds4  ,mr4    
,dwight ,lyell1 9 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 has ?is
 to say ab\t a bre$+ place = !          

small-m\!d black bass4 ,! pond %\ld be  
six feet deep 9 ! c5t] & two feet ar\nd 
! edge2 ! bottom %\ld be ( natural s&2  
wat] plants %\ld be gr[+ 9 pr(usion1    
p>ticul>ly su* aquatic plants z !       
,daphnia1 ,bosm9a1 & ! ,corix1 to furni%
 food = ! "y bass4 ,a good size = a     
bre$+ pond is #ajj ,x #ajj feet4 ,=     
spawn+1 artificial ne/ frames are built 
9 rectangul> =m4 ,!y are made two feet  
squ>e )\t bottoms4 ,on two adjo9+ sides 
^! frames are f\r in*es high & on ! o!r 
two adjo9+ sides sixte5 in*es high4 ,^! 
frames are made because ! bass ne$s a   
b>ri] beh9d :i* ! spawn+ may be done &  
:i* w protect ! ne/ :5 made4 ,= rais+ ! 
fi% to a size l>ge en\gh = food1 ponds c
 be ( any conv5i5t size4 ,9 ord] to keep
 ! wat] 9 heal?ful condition ! pond mu/ 
be f$ by a fl[+ brook ) "s provision to 
prev5t ! wat] be+ di/urb$ by fre%ets4   
,?is c usually be arrang$ by a sluice to
 c>ry (f ! surplus wat] dur+ heavy ra9s4
 ,black bass rais$ 9 %all[ ponds w take 
! fly all summ]1 s t consid]able may be 

made f fi%+ privileges4  ,9 ! abs5ce (  
m9n[s1 :i* are ! food ( ! bass1 !y mu/  
be f$ on fre% liv] cut 9 ?reads l an    
angle worm to tempt ! fi%4 ,ev5 !n !    
liv] diet mu/ be v>i$ by fe$+ m9n[s f   
,septemb] until ! bass goes into w9t]   
qu>t]s4 ,9 no o!r way c f]tile eggs be  
assur$ = ! spr+ hat*+4 ,m9n[s left 9 !  
pond all w9t] w bre$ & s furni% fry on  
:i* ! "y bass c fe$ ! next summ]4  ,:at 
has be5 said ref]s p>ticul>ly to !      
small-m\!d black bass4 ,! conditions are
 sub/antially ! same = ! l>ge-m\!d bass 
7:i* gr[s to a mu* l>g] size71 except t 
! bottom may be made ( ,spani% moss     
imb$d$ 9 cem5t4  ,!re is a gr[+ m>ket = 
! "y bass or f+]l+s to /ock /reams &    
ponds4 ,! relation betwe5 ! produc] (   
/ock fi% & ^? :o expect to raise bass ( 
a m>ketable size is ab\t ! same z exi/s 
betwe5 ! pr(essional se$ gr[] & ! m>ket 
g>d5]4 ,x is mu* bett] = ! small f>m] :o
 has or c make an artificial pond to buy
 8 f+]l+s f ! pr(essional bre$]1 :o has 
facilities :i* are too elaborate to be  

duplicat$ on a small scale4  ,fi%       
culture1 except "u gov]nm5t auspices1 is
 little kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4         
,am]ican ,homes & ,g>d5s has an acc\nt (
 ! bre$+ ( pheasants1 :i* is ( int]e/4  
,t x is possible to bre$ pheasants1 ev5 
ar\nd an ord9>y suburban home1 is %[n by
 ,mr4 ,hom] ,dav5port1 ! fam\s c>tooni/1
 :o succe$$ 9 bre$+ & rais+ "s ( !      
*oice/ pheasants on 8 place at ,morris  
,pla9s1 ,new ,j]sey4  ,a great v>iety ( 
species are commonly br$1 b all ( !m    
came f ,*9a or ,india4 ,! pheasant c be 
tam$ by c>eful h&l+1 b cats & dogs & o!r
 small animals mu/ be kept away4 ,!     
pheasantry %\ld be plac$ on high1       
well-dra9$ gr\nd ) a s\!rn exposure1 :]e
 ! soil is good en\gh to raise clov]1   
oats1 & b>ley4 ,! qu>t]s = pheasants & !
 managem5t are v mu* l ^? = fancy       
*ick5s4 ,! y>d %\ld be inclos$ by wire  
nett+ bo? on sides & top to keep ! birds
 f w&]+ away2 & !re %\ld be h\ses =     
roo/+ & bre$+ ) ne/+ qu>t]s atta*$4  ,9 
,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york1 ! runn+ space 

allott$ to ?ree or f\r birds is n m ?an 
t5 by tw5ty feet1 & ,mr4 ,george ,e!lb]t
 ,wal% tells ( a case :]e sixty         
pheasants 7 kept 9 excell5t condition 9 
a h\se t5 by fifty feet1 ) five y>ds    
atta*$1 av]ag+ #aj ,x #be feet4 ,h[ev]1 
) pheasants1 z ) all ! bird family1     
especially turkeys1 ! m gr\nd !y h =    
rang+ ! less liable !y w be to disease4 
,! *ief difficulty 9 bre$+ game birds l 
! pheasant is to secure ! insects1 su* z
 flies1 maggots1 & ant eggs1 :i* are !  
natural food ( ! "y4 ,suffici5t gre5    
food l lettuce1 turnip tops1 cabbage1   
etc41 mu/ also be provid$4 ,!re is      
always a m>ket at fancy prices = m ( !  
matur$ birds ?an c possibly be suppli$4 
,"s p make money 9 bre$+ or tra9+ fancy 
birds l can>ies1 mock+ birds1 f9*es1    
p>rots1 & s on2 b ?is indu/ry c be c>ri$
 on almo/ z well 9 rooms 9 ! city z 9 ! 
c\ntry4 ,specializ+ on any k9d ( animal 
re>+ mu/ be gone into ) extreme caution1
 because 9 ! bre$+ ( animals !re are _m 
factors to be dealt ) :i* d n confront !

 bre$] ( plants4 ,make ha/e sl[ly1 &    
be=e bran*+ out be sure t y ma/] ea* /ep
 9 its turn4  ,an indu/ry :i* is        
practically unkn[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 b :i*  
fl\ri%es 9 ,burgundy1 ,france1 is !     
rais+ ( snails = food4 ,^? :o are %ock$ 
by ?is w be surpris$ to le>n t snail    
culture 0 practic$ by ! ,romans at ! "t 
( ! ,civil ,w> betwe5 ,caes> & ,pompey1 
z ,jacques ,boy] says 9 ,am]ican ,homes 
& ,g>d5s4 ,! snail lays f fifty to sixty
 eggs annually4 ,!y are deposit$ 9 a    
smoo? hole prep>$ = !m 9 ! gr\nd & hat*$
 )9 tw5ty days4 ,s rapidly d !y gr[ t !y
 are ready = m>ket six or eight weeks   
aft] hat*+4 ,! snail p>k is made by     
inclos+ a plot ( damp1 limy soil ) smoo?
 bo>ds coat$ ) t> to prev5t ! snails    
climb+ out1 & held 9 place by outside   
/akes /rong en\gh to )/& ! w9d4 ,! bo>ds
 mu/ p5etrate ! soil to ! dep? ( eight  
in*es at lea/1 & at a level ) ! gr\nd !y
 mu/ h a sort ( %elf to prev5t ! snails 
f burr[+ "u !m4 ,:5 ! snail enc\nt]s an 
ob/acle 9 its pa?1 x lays its eggs1     

s5sible bea/4 ,t5 ?\s& snails c be rais$
 on a plot ( l& "o hundr$ by two hundr$ 
feet4 ,! gr\nd is pl[$ deeply 9 ! spr+1 
! snails are plac$ on x & cov]$ ) f two 
to f\r in*es ( moss or /raw :i* is kept 
damp4 ,!y mu/ be f$ daily ) lettuce1    
cabbage1 v9e leaves1 or grass2 z !y eat 
at night1 !y are f$ %ortly be=e sunset4 
,aromatic h]bs1 l m9t1 p>sley1 etc41 are
 plant$ 9 ! inclosure to improve !      
flavor ( ! snails4  ,9 ,octob]1 ! snails
 hav+ become fat ?r\gh ! summ]1 retire  
into _! %ells1 ! m\?s ( :i* !y close ) a
 ?9 gelat9\s cov]+4 ,!y are n[ ready =  
pick+1 & are put on scre5s or trays :i* 
are pil$ toge!r 9 /oreh\ses1 :]e !y     
rema9 sev]al mon?s )\t food4 ,:5 ! fa/  
has be5 suffici5tly prolong$1 ! %ells   
are bru%$ up & ! snails cook$ 9 salt    
wat] 9 a great pot hold+ ab\t t5 ?\s&4  
,:5 cook$1 !y are imm$iately s5t to !   
consum] 9 wood5 boxes hold+ f fifty to  
two hundr$4 ,! bus9ess is a v pr(itable 
"o1 z ! snail is consid]$ a great       
delicacy by epicures4  ,p]haps !        

silkworm is n exactly 9 place 9 a *apt] 
on ,novel ,live ,/ock4 ,x is at pres5t n
 mu* m ?an an int]e/+ exp]im5t1 b !re w 
be money 9 silkworm culture z soon z a  
m>ket = ! product is develop$4 ,! ma9   
difficulty is lack ( food1 z ! worm     
?rives be/ on ! leaf ( ! :ite mulb]ry   
tree4 ,until a sub/itute is f\nd1 x w be
 necess>y !re=e to set out "y trees1 :i*
 9 two ye>s w be> en\gh leaves to supply
 food4 ,! labor ( silkworm re>+ all     
comes 9 "o mon?4 ,x c be c>ri$ on 9 any 
l>ge1 airy room ,! eggs are hat*$ by !  
summ] heat1 & ! worm does n become a    
heavy eat] until ! la/ two weeks4 ,x %$s
 its sk9 f\r times1 & aft] ! f9al m\lt x
 climbs into loose bru% prep>$ = x &    
sp9s ! cocoon4 ,^! are !n dri$ & %ipp$4 
,at ! ,s\?1 :]e ! climate is well suit$ 
= silk culture1 an ob/acle has be5 f\nd 
9 ! unadaptability ( ! *eap labor1      
p>ticul>ly color$ labor1 to ! delicate  
h&l+1 & especially w9d+ ( ! silk f !    
cocoons4  ,_m p make money by bre$+     
dogs4 ,n mu* l& is requir$ & v little   

capital1 z k5nels c be multipli$ z dem& 
increases4 ,!re is always a pr(itable   
m>ket = dogs1 & "s ( ! lap species1 l ! 
,k+ ,*>les spaniel1 br+ fabul\s prices4 
,hunt+ dogs1 su* z sett]s1 po9t]s1      
retriev]s1 really require a game c\ntry 
& a practical hunt] :o c tra9 ! puppies1
 to make mu* ( a success ( x2 ) ^!1 if  
prop]ly h&l$1 ! bus9ess is a safe "o1 z 
!re is little o!r te*nical skill requir$
 beyond ord9>y c>e1 su* z is giv5 to    
dome/ic animals4  ,cats are a bett]     
v5ture ?an dogs because !y are sold to  
wom5 :o w pay any price = :at /rikes _! 
fancy4 ,fa%ions 9 cats *ange ab\t z fa/ 
z fa%ions 9 coats1 b cats bre$ fa/] ?an 
coats we> out1 s x is quick bus9ess4  ,j
 n[1 coon cats1 tortoise-%ell cats1 &   
biz>re colors ( ,p]sian cats are mo/ly 9
 vogue1 b ! tailless ,manx cat1 & ev5   
freaks l ! six-to$ cat & ,iynx cats     
always f9d a ready m>ket4  ,( c\rse1 ^! 
c be rais$ 9 ! city1 b if x is done 9 a 
l>ge en\gh way to make a liv+ out ( x1 !
 ,bo>d ( ,heal? & ! neighbors w         

raise--some?+ else4  ,fi%+ & hunt+ are  
primitive indu/ries ( :i* we ?9k only 9 
connection ) wild l&4 ,b e bay & pond & 
wood w supply at lea/ "s subsi/5ce or   
pr(it to ! intellig5t seek]4  ,oy/]s1   
clams1 crabs1 mussels1 frogs1 & common  
fi% are f\nd 9 abundance 9 _m places1 & 
help out ) table exp5ses4 ,ev5 ,engli%  
sp>r[s are delici\s4  ,almo/ any wild   
animal is mu* m :olesome to eat ?an     
pork4 ,squirrels & ev5 weasels are      
clean] fe$]s ?an pigs1 & ! ,indians eat 
!m ) great reli%1 :ile ev]ybody kn[s !  
ke5ness ( ! d>kies = coon4 ,mo/ snakes  
are bett] eat+ ?an eels & n ne> s       
repulsive--:5 y get us$ to !m4  ,!      
wood*uck is a nuisance to ! f>m]1 cov]+ 
8 field ) loads ( subsoil f ! burr[ & !n
 eat+ ! t5d] spr\ts2 & ! f>m] does n "k 
en\gh to eat 8 t5d] corpse1 b he is good
 to eat4 ,if a rabbit & a *ick5 c\ld h  
"y1 x w\ld ta/e l a wood*uck4           
,muskrats1 m9k1 raccoons1 & gray & fox  
squirrels are easily trapp$2 & ! sk9s ( 
^? kill$ 9 t way f9d a /eady m>ket4     

,sk9s ( poison$ animals d n sell s well1
 z !y are r\gh & dry4  ,9 ord] to be    
pr(itable1 ^! d n ne$ to pay v well 9   
proportion to ! "t !y take1 s9ce !y are 
hunt$ z recreation & at odd times4  ,b  
!re is a l>g] field 9 rais+ wild        
animals1 :i* our ,we/]n p h n be5 sl[ to
 avail !mselves (1 & we he> ( m5 be+    
prosecut$ = bre$+ wolves1 coyotes1 &    
bobcats1 a k9d ( lynx1 to get ! gov]nm5t
 b\nty = ! sn\ts or scalps4  ,9 a       
legitimate way pr(it may be _h f su*    
animals4  ,erne/ ,?ompson ,seton has an 
article 9 ,c\ntry ,life 9 ,am]ica1 on   
rais+ fur-be>+ animals = pr(it2 ?is (f]s
 a good *ance = small capital & l>ge    
intellig5ce4 ,he sugge/s ! beav]1 m9k1  
ott]1 skunk1 & m>t51 & says t :oev] w\ld
 beg9 fur f>m+ is bett] (f ) five acres 
?an ) five hundr$4 ,he describes two fox
 ran*es at ,dov]1 ,ma9e4 ,!y raise tw5ty
 to =ty silv] foxes a ye>1 on a little m
 ?an half an acre ( l&4 ,! silv] fox's  
fur is "o ( ! mo/ valuable on ! m>ket & 
sells at an av]age ( #aej a pelt1 t is1 

#cjjj to #fjjj gross = ! ye>'s "w4      
,foxes are n exp5sive to bre$1 _! food  
consi/+ *iefly ( s\r milk & cornmeal or 
fl\r made into a cake1 & a little meat  
ab\t once a week4  ,! capital requir$ is
 small4 ,a f5ce = ! inclosure %\ld be ( 
"o & a half in* me% ,no4 #af galvaniz$  
wire1 t5 feet high1 ) an ov]hang (      
eighte5 in*es to keep ! foxes f escap+1 
& is ab\t ! only outlay except = pur*ase
 ( /ock4  ,/akes %\ld be driv5 close to 
! f5ce to keep !m f burr[+ out4  ,!y are
 naturally clean animals1 & ) c>eful    
att5tion are free f disease4 ,mr4 ,/ev5s
 reports t 9 8 two ye>s' exp]i5ce he has
 _h tw5ty to ?irty foxes & lo/ none by  
disease1 :ile ,mr4 ,norton1 ) five ye>s'
 exp]i5ce1 c>ry+ ?irty to =ty1 reports t
 "o to two die ea* ye>4  ,!y bre$ z well
 9 captivity z 9 _! wild /ate1 usually  
br++ =? a litt] ( six or sev5 9 ! spr+4 
,^! bre$ ! foll[+ spr+ & _! fur is ready
 = m>ket ! foll[+ ,decemb]4 ,& n[ bre$]s
 sell f9e /ock to o!r bre$]s :o are     
ent]+ ! indu/ry1 sometimes gett+ ?ree to

 f\r hundr$ doll>s p] pair4 ,mr4 ,seton 
rem>ks1 ,i am satisfi$ t any man :o has 
made a success ( h5s c make a success ( 
foxes1 ) ?is advantage = ! latt] a fox  
requires no m space or c>e ?an a h51 b  
is wor? tw5ty times z mu*1 & s gives a  
*ance = returns tw5ty times z l>ge4     
,?is is an infant indu/ry1 b if o!rs c  
get ! same results1 x w pay h&somely4   
,to get ! be/ furs1 h[ev]1 requires a   
di/rict :]e ! w9t]s are cold & long4    
,!re are a few skunk f>ms 9 ! ,we/4 ,x  
is said t ! sc5t gl& c be tak5 out1 ?\gh
 t is n necess>y1 & t ! f>ms d well4 ,_!
 oil is also said to be valuable4 ,b    
:ile skunks are s common !re _c be mu* 9
 bre$+ !m4  ,if y\r fancy goes to       
critt]s r ?an crops x is mu* bett] to   
raise game birds4 ,wild turkeys rais$ "u
 a h5 or 9 an incubator & made pretty   
tame 7if too tame !y d n ?rive s well 9 
a small area71 wild ducks1 gr\se1       
p>tridges1 quails1 ev5 wood ducks :i*   
build _! ne/s 9 trees are no long]      
exp]im5ts4  ,all ! common enemies y h to

 cont5d aga9/ are foxes1 dogs1 cats1    
rats1 m9k1 skunks1 hawks1 owls1 cr[s1   
frogs1 turtles1 snakes1 poa*]s1 game    
legislators1 & disease4  ,x has be5     
calculat$ t "o pair ( quails & its      
prog5y w\ld produce five or six million 
birds 9 eight ye>s if !re 7 no losses4  
,b s w\ld *ick5s2 & probably y w n get t
 _m4  ,all ab\t ^! game birds is set =? 
9 an adv]tis+ booklet call$1 ,game ,f>m+
 ( ! ,h]cules ,p[d] ,co41 :i* has (fices
 9 a doz5 cities1 s we ne$ n enl>ge4    
,,*apt] ,,xvii  ,,:]e ,,to ,,g          
,int5sive cultivation1 rais+ a big crop 
on little l&1 c be c>ri$ on mo/         
pr(itably ne> areas ( d5se population2 =
 p]i%able products1 l fruits &          
vegetables1 c be be/ m>ket$ ne> !       
consum]4 ,! limit = deliv]y by auto is  
ab\t fifte5 to tw5ty miles1 & !n only if
 roads are good2 if ! l& select$ lies on
 ! l9e ( a railroad :i* gives equal t]ms
 to way freight & to ?r\gh freight1 y w 
f>e ne>ly z well4 ,railroads control    
agricultural developm5t4 ,sp>sely settl$

 regions always practice ext5sive       
cultivation1 rais+ light crops on big   
f>ms1 because only su* crops c be gr[n z
 c be rais$ on l>ge areas by ma*9]y1 &  
are n p]i%able4 ,/aples l corn1 :eat1   
pork1 & beef are transport$ at l[ prices
 = long di/ances by ! railroads4 ,?is   
=ces ! settl]s 9 newly op5$ portions ( !
 c\ntry to sell 9 a m>ket creat$ by !   
railroads1 9 competition ) :at is       
produc$ )9 ! areas ( int5sive           
cultivation1 t is1 ) access to adjac5t  
m>kets4  ,s we f9d ! bonanza :eat f>ms (
 ,cali=nia1 ! ,dakotas1 & ! ,canadian   
,nor?we/1 ! pampas ( ! ,arg5t9e1 !      
,/eppes ( ,russia1 & ! ,indian upl&s    
devot$ to :eat rais+2 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
corn belt1 fields ( f five to tw5ty ?\s&
 acres are /ill n uncommon4 ,conv]sely1 
int5sive cultivation is mo/ advanc$ 9   
,*9a1 :]e a d5se population =c$ ! p long
 ago to br+ into use e foot ( tillable  
soil t is left op5 to !m4  ,ne> ! t[ns (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates a few m>ket g>d5]s     
supply su* vegetables z ! p d n raise = 

!mselves4 ,! /ates along ! ,atlantic    
seabo>d h all ! facilities = successful 
int5sive cultivation--a d5se population 
& idle1 cultivable l&4 ,9 *oos+ a       
location1 ! home cr(t] %\ld well consid]
 8 exp]i5ce1 & try to ent] a community  
:]e he c engage 9 analog\s pursuits4    
,dairy regions nev] h en\gh m5 :o und]/&
 cattle & horses2 fruit-gr[+ di/ricts   
always ne$ exp]i5c$ pick]s2 m>ket g>d5  
regions ne$ m5 :o und]/& rotat+ crops & 
mak+ hotb$s1 transplant+1 etc4  ,if y h 
a little money1 y c probably d be/ by   
buy+ & dra9+ "s swamp l&1 :i* is ! mo/  
productive ( all1 z x conta9s ! wa%+s ( 
! upl& = c5turies4 ,swamp l& c usually  
be cle>$ & dra9$ = f ?irty to =ty doll>s
 p] acre4 ,x c be b\ght v *eap & :5     
ready to cultivate w h increas$ _m times
 9 value4  ,! next be/ is ! ab&on$ or   
worn-out f>m4 ,prop] me?ods (           
cultivation w br+ x back to m ?an its   
orig9al f]tility4 ,! ,ea/]n /ates f     
,ma9e to ,virg9ia ab\nd ) !m at f five  
to tw5ty-five doll>s p] acre4 ,9 _m     

cases ! build+s are wor? m ?an ! :ole   
price ask$4  ,! ne>e/ l& easily         
available 9 ! ,ea/ is 9 ! /ate ( ,new   
,york4 ,! writ] believes x is true t !re
 are tw5ty ?\s& f>ms = sale 9 ?is /ate1 
& ne>ly1 all at su* l[ prices & ^u su*  
favorable t]ms z to make !m available = 
any "o desir+ to engage 9 agriculture or
 h a f>m home4 ,! soil ( ^! f>ms is n   
exhau/$1 b on ! contr>y is1 ) prop]     
cultivation1 v productive4 ,ne>ly all h 
good build+s & f5ces1 are suppli$ ) good
 wat] & pl5ty ( wood = f>m purposes1 & 9
 ne>ly all cases h apple & o!r fruit    
trees ^u !m4 7,li/ ( ,f>ms1 occupi$ &   
unoccupi$1 = sale 9 ,new ,york ,/ate4   
,bureau ( ,in=mation & ,/ati/ics1       
,bullet91 ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ,dep>tm5t 
( ,agriculture47  ,^! f>ms are di/ribut$
 all ov] ! /ate1 "s 9 ne>ly e c\nty4 ,9 
,sullivan ,c\nty1 = example1 !re are    
f>ms = sale rang+ 9 price f t5 to "o    
hundr$ doll>s p] acre4 ,^! c1 almo/ )\t 
exception1 be b\ght by small paym5ts1   
balance on long mortgages1 & x is       

wond]ful h[ *eap !y are4 ,9 ,ul/] ,c\nty
 ?irty f>ms1 "s ( :i* ,i h se51 are (f]$
 = sale at trifl+ prices4  ,( c\rse1 _m 
( ^! f>ms h be5 sold s9ce ! fir/        
editions ( ?is book1 & ! prices h       
advanc$1 p]haps on ! av]age d\bl$2 b    
*eap automobiles h improv$ roads & h    
made o!rs available t 7 useless t5 ye>s 
ago4 ,! developm5t ( ! ,s\!rn /ates1 )  
eradication ( ! cattle tick 7! cause (  
,texas ,fev]7 & irrigation & rotation ( 
crops1 has op5$ up new c\ntries4 ,n4 ,o4
 ,nelson writes he has b\ght _m         
,l\isiana f>ms = 8 coop]ative ent]prise 
= ab\t :at ! improvem5ts are wor?4  ,cut
 ov] woodl&s :i* we h le>n$ to make     
produce incomes ( ab\t five doll>s ea*  
ye> p] acre by intellig5t =e/ry1 z well 
z swamp l&s :i* we n[ "k h[ to make     
heal?ful by dra9age & by ! ext9ction (  
mosquitoes1 c /ill be _h at l[ prices 9 
,new ,york & o!r /ates4 ,num]\s o!rs are
 9 ! m>ket f five doll>s p] acre up1 & s
 x goes ?r\gh ! /ate1 f ,wyom+ ,c\nty 9 
! extreme we/]n end1 :]e f>ms rang+ f   

?irty to ?ree hundr$ acres are 9 ! m>ket
 at f ?irty to =ty doll>s p] acre1 to   
,/4 ,lawr5ce ,c\nty 9 ! nor?1 :]e l& c  
be b\ght z l[ z fifte5 doll>s p] acre4  
,:5 x is consid]$ t ^! l&s are )9 easy  
access to e/abli%$ m>kets )             
transportation & mail facilities1 rural 
deliv]y1 & telephone a prop] idea may be
 =m$ ( _! value 9 opportunity4 ,!       
au?ority quot$ fur!r /ates t probably   
fifty ?\s& agricultural labor]s c f9d   
employm5t on ! f>ms ( ,new ,york at good
 wages4 ,families p>ticul>ly are want$  
to r5t h\ses & "w f>ms on %>es4 ,wages =
 new h&s run f tw5ty to ?irty doll>s &  
upw>ds p] mon? ) bo>d4 ,m5 :o "k h[ to  
milk are especially 9 dem& ?r\gh\t !    
dairy regions4 ,^! conditions make x    
possible = exp]i5c$ f>m]s1 al?\gh       
entirely )\t money1 to get to ! soil4   
,ov] ?ree hundr$ ?\s& ali5s annually    
settl$ 9 ! cities ( ,new ,york ,/ate    
dur+ "s ye>s 9 ! la/ decade4 ,^! p c\ld 
be got out ( ! cities1 :]e 9 normal     
times !y are little ne$$1 into adjac5t  

c\ntry di/ricts :]e !y are mu* ne$$4  ,9
 ! ,real ,e/ate ,record & ,guide1 ,mr4  
,a4 ,l4 ,langdon says3 ,x is mo/        
rem>kable t !re are on ,long ,isl&1 )9 f
 ?irty-five to sev5ty miles ( ,new      
,york1 ?\s&s ( acres ( l& :i* h nev] be5
 cultivat$1 :i* h = ye>s produc$ no?+ b 
cordwood1 & :i* ! own]s all[ to be      
ov]run ) fire almo/ e ye>4 ,a l>ge "p ( 
?is l& has soil two or ?ree feet deep   
und]laid ) gravel4 ,! be/ wat] 9 ! _w is
 abundant & ! climate is m equable ?an  
on ! ma9l&1 & 9 ea* locality :]e any    
reasonable ef=t has be5 made to         
cultivate ! soil1 x has produc$         
pl5tifully ( all fruits & vegetables :i*
 c be gr[n 9 ?is latitude4  ,long ,isl& 
%\ld produce all ! fruit1 vegetables1   
p\ltry1 eggs1 & milk ne$$ by its own    
resid5ts1 ) a l>ge surplus = ! city     
m>kets1 in/ead ( gett+1 z x does1 a l>ge
 "p ( its supply ( ^! ?+s f ! city4  ,:5
 x is consid]$ t ab\t a qu>t] ( a       
million acres ( ?is l& s close to ! city
 is n[ scrub oak & uncultivat$ wa/e1 & t

 !re are ab\t a million adult work]s 9 !
 city1 ! importance ( ! exp]im5t is     
obvi\s2 especially z we le>n f ! ,unit$ 
,/ates c5sus t ov] t5 ?\s& ( ^! work]s  
are already 9 agricultural pursuits )9 !
 city limits4  ,"h midway on ,long      
,isl&1 & j beyond ! limits = a man to   
locate :o expects to e>n 8 liv+ by daily
 "w 9 ! city1 is a t]ritory ab\t =ty    
miles long & t5 miles wide :i* by       
int5sive f>m+ w\ld yield a good liv+ = m
 ?an two hundr$ ?\s& inhabitants4 ,9 ?is
 agricultural section1 a man ( small    
means :o expects to live on ! l& ! ye>  
r\nd1 %\ld pur*ase a plot n too small to
 produce en\gh to support himself &     
family & a surplus to sell1 n less ?an  
six acres4 ,probably all m5 h m or less 
l& hung] a desire to own l& & x is a    
wor?y object to enc\rage to ! ext5t (   
induc+ a man to pur*ase :at he c pay = &
 be satisfi$ )1 b x is a %ameful ?+ to  
induce a poor man1 :o has to e>n 8 liv+ 
9 ,new ,york1 to buy on ! in/allm5t plan
 a small lot s f> f 8 place ( employm5t 

t he _c live on x & travel to & f 8 "w e
 day1 & :]e !re is ! /ronge/ probability
 t he w nev] make m ?an two or ?ree     
paym5ts1 & w consequ5tly lose :at he    
does pay4 ,! writ] he>s ( "o plot :i* 0 
sold n9ete5 times & ! contracts default$
 on aft] paym5ts1 be=e any "o took      
title4  ,if ! seek] is n satisfi$ ) !   
opportunities :i* ! /ate ( ,new ,york   
(f]s1 he may turn to ,new ,j]sey1       
equally accessible & equally ri* 9      
*ances4  ,new ,j]sey ,ye>-,book3 ,!re   
are 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate l>ge tracts (
 l& :i* are /ill uncle>$1 or cov]$ )    
bru%wood1 & :i* are adapt$ to tillage & 
capable ( produc+ l>ge crops ( small    
fruits & m>ket g>d5 vegetables4 ,! wood 
on !m is ma9ly scrub oak1 ) "s dw>f$    
pit* p9e & yell[ p9e1 & h5ce !y are     
call$ oak l&s to di/+ui% !m f ! m s&y   
l&s & tracts on :i* ! pit* p9e gr[s     
almo/ exclusively4 ,! latt] are kn[n z  
p9e l&s4 ,! total area ( cle>$ 7f>m7 l&s
 9 ! s\!rn division ( ! ,/ate1 s\!a/ ( !
 m>l belt1 is ab\t #dej1jjj acres4 ,!   

p9el& belts h an aggregate area (       
#dhf1jjj acres1 mak+ at lea/ #hjj1jjj   
acres accessible by railways f ! l>ge   
cities & also ne> to tidewat]           
navigation4 ,! maps ( ! ,geological     
,survey %[ ! location & ! ext5t ( ^!    
l&s1 _! railway l9es1 & _! relation to !
 settlem5ts already made & to ! cities4 
,! soils ( ^! tracts are s&y & n        
naturally s ri* & f]tile z ! m heavy    
clay soils ( ! lime/one1 ! r$ %ale1 & ! 
m>l di/ricts ( ! ,/ate1 b !y are n s s&y
 & s co>se-gra9$ z to be non-productive1
 l "s ( ! p9el& areas4 ,! latt] are (t5 
defici5t 9 plant food & are des]v$ly    
*>act]iz$ z p9e b>r5s1 be+ too poor =   
f>m purposes4 ,! gr[? ( oak & p9e1 z    
well z *emical analyses1 %[s t ! oak-l& 
soils conta9 ! elem5ts ( plant          
production4 ,!y are n s well suit$ to   
pa/urage or to cont9u\s cropp+ z        
naturally ri* virg9 soils2 !y are bett] 
fitt$ = rais+ vegetables1 melons1 sweet 
potatoes1 small fruits1 pea*es1 & pe>s  
?an :eat1 ,indian corn1 hay1 & o!r      

/aples4 ,! em95t sup]iority ( ?is k9d ( 
f>m+ 9 ,new ,j]sey ov] ! old r\t9e (    
:eat1 corn1 hay1 & potatoes is well     
kn[n4 ,^! ,s\? ,j]sey soils are easily  
cle>$ ( bru%wood or /&+ timb]1 & (      
/umps1 ) a h& or horse-p[] pull] :i* is 
a *eap affair1 & ! wood is salable 9 all
 ?is "p ( ! ,/ate at remun]ative prices1
 (t5 br++ m ?an ! orig9al co/ ( ! l&4 ,!
 long work+ season & ! %ort & mild w9t] 
favor ! arrangem5t ( "w1 s t all is done
 ) ! lea/ outlay = help4 ,!y also favor 
! mosquitoes4  ,! success ( ,hammonton1 
,egg ,h>bor ,city1 ,v9el&1 & o!r places 
is notable1 & equally good results are  
to be _h at a hundr$ or m places z well 
situat$ z !y are4 ,^! l&s are sold at l[
 figures1 & ! settl] saves 9 capital &  
int]e/ acc\nt4 ,only ! difficulty (     
gett+ money to help 9 build+ int]f]es ) 
rapid settlem5t4  ,! ,we/ ,j]sey        
,railway1 ! ,p5nsylvania1 & !           
,philadelphia & ,read+'s ,atlantic ,city
 ,railroad1 ! ,philadelphia & ,sea%ore  
,railway1 ! ,new ,j]sey ,s\!rn          

,railroad1 & o!r bran* roads af=d       
excell5t facilities = access to ,new    
,york1 ,philadelphia1 & ! cities ( !    
,/ate4 ,! ,cohansey1 ,maurice1 &        
,mullica riv]s head well up ne> !       
nor?we/ limits ( ^! l&s1 & _! navigable 
rea*es run = miles across !m4 ,! wat]s (
 ! ,delaw>e ,bay & ! ocean are )9 a few 
miles ( a l>ge "p ( ?is oak-l& doma94   
,! advantages ( an old settl$ & ,ea/]n  
,/ate1 )9 easy rea* ( ^! l>ge m>kets1 ( 
l& :i* is easily till$ & g5]\s & quick 9
 its response to fe$+1 & at l[ prices1  
make !m equal to1 if n bett] ?an1 ! ri* 
prairie soils ( a new ,we/1 or ! l[     
prices & *eap l&s ( ! ab&on$ hillsides (
 ,new ,engl&4  ,wages = unskill$ f>m    
labor are ab\t ! same z = ,new          
,york--tw5ty to tw5ty-five doll>s p]    
mon?4 ,! cann+ & fruit indu/ries make   
room = a l>ge numb] ( p 9 ! late summ] &
 fall1 :o may ?us1 by tak+ a tempor>y   
place1 k9d "s p]man5t location :]e !y   
may improve _! heal? & =tunes4  ,delaw>e
 also (f]s unequall$ opportunities to   

immigrants4 ,x is ideally situat$ on !  
,atlantic ,ocean & ! ,delaw>e ,bay1 & is
 p5etrat$ by num]\s creeks & riv]s4  ,! 
railroad1 /eam1 & electric facilities ( 
! ,/ate are develop+ /eadily ye> by ye>1
 :ile e section ( ! ,/ate possesses     
easily navigable /reams1 ) vessels =    
c>ry+ freight & pass5g]s4  ,ov] fifte5  
millions ( p live )9 a radius ( ?ree    
hundr$ miles2 ! l>ge majority reside 9  
cities & t[ns & furni% ! f9e/ m>kets 9 !
 _w4 ,)9 five hundr$ miles are m ?an "o 
?ird ( ! p ( all ,nor? ,am]ica4         
,wilm+ton is a city ( sev5ty-five ?\s&  
p1 is gr[+ rapidly1 & is becom+ a great 
manufactur+ place4  ,^! p may be rea*$ 9
 "o day by ! lusci\s fruits t gr[ 9     
,delaw>e1 & e "o ( !m is p]fectly happy 
:5 he gets a ,delaw>e pea*4 ,_m o!r     
,delaw>e products are z good z ! pea*es4
  ,z cattle & :eat rais+ develop$ 9 !   
great ,we/1 ,delaw>e p ?\ght t !y 7     
ru9$4 ,!y did n *ange at once1 b sl[ly  
discov]$ t ! light l&s are wond]fully   
productive ( fruits & vegetables1 & t !y

 pay mu* bett] ?an cattle & gra9 ev]    
c\ld4 ,b ^! new me?ods h n be5 adopt$ 9 
all p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 s t l& neglect$ &   
unpr(itable is = sale4 ,! tides (       
immigration h swept we/w>d & left       
,delaw>e unt\*$4 ,m51 money1 & ent]prise
 are ne$$4  ,!re are few unoccupi$ or   
'ab&on$' f>ms 9 ,delaw>e4 ,! l& is mo/ly
 held by desc5dants ( ! e>ly settl]s1 :o
 =m a species ( l&$ ari/ocracy4 ,lately1
 ow+ to ! y\ng] memb]s ( ^! families    
hav+ become e/abli%$ 9 ! new] /ates & on
 acc\nt ( ! dea? or incapacity ( ! old] 
memb]s left 9 possession1 !re has be5 a 
m>k$ t5d5cy to sell (f ^! f>ms4 ,h[ev]1 
a l>ge proportion ( ! f>ms 9 ,delaw>e   
are n = sale at any price4 ,"s ( !m h   
be5 9 ! same family = g5]ations1 & if   
put on ! m>ket w\ld sell = f "o to two  
hundr$ doll>s p] acre4  ,! soil is all !
 way f a heavy :ite oak clay1 :i* is too
 /iff & too /icky = mo/ crops1 to v     
light s&4  ,! heavie/ clay is made      
light] & m por\s1 & ! lighte/ s& is     
readily made ret5tive ( moi/ure &       

extremely productive1 by pl[+ 9 diff]5t 
k9ds ( crops z gre5 manure1 su* z c[    
peas1 soy beans1 ! vet*es1 etc42 crimson
 clov]1 w9t] oats1 rye1 turnips1 &      
num]\s o!r crops may be s[n 9 ,augu/ or 
lat]1 & produce a f9e crop = turn+ "u   
e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,crimson clov] gr[s ne>ly
 all w9t]4 ,pure cold wat] is rea*$ at f
 tw5ty to fifty feet by dug or driv5    
wells4  ,! climate is good2 !re are no  
cyclones4 ,!re is "s damp wea!r 9 w9t]1 
b !re are no malignant fev]s1 & !re is  
little or no mal>ia1 except 9 a few m>%y
 places4 ,!re are "s mosquitoes & flies1
 b !y are n especially tr\blesome1 & !re
 are no poison\s reptiles4  ,!          
population is mo/ly native1 five six?s  
:ite1 "o six? color$4 ,! :ite population
 is almo/ entirely ( ,anglo ,saxon      
desc5t4  ,p]fect titles may be secur$1 b
 all titles ev]y:]e %\ld always be se>*$
 by a compet5t lawy]1 ! usual fee = :i* 
is t5 to tw5ty doll>s4  ,f>m h&s receive
 f tw5ty to tw5ty-five doll>s p] mon? & 
bo>d1 = a season ( n9e or t5 mon?s1     

sometimes = ! :ole ye>4 ,day h&s receive
 f sev5ty-five c5ts to two doll>s p] day
 & bo>d !mselves4  ,^? :o are tempt$ by 
! adv]tisem5ts = fruitpick]s %\ld bew>e4
 ,delaw>e1 l "s o!r /ates1 all[s fees to
 con/ables & to ! squires--,ju/ices ( ! 
,peace !y w\ld be else:]e--= arre/s1 & x
 is a common practice to adv]tise =     
fruit pick]s1 !n arre/ !m z tramps :5 !y
 come1 & ! next day release !m on       
condition t !y w leave ! c\nty at       
once--& leave ! trap op5 = ! next com]4 
,delaw>e pea*es h made =tunes = _m1 b w 
make /ill great] =tunes 9 ! future = !  
own]s ( ! l&4  ,pe>s1 plums1 grapes1    
wat]melons1 & cantal\pes ?rive1 & f9d an
 ideal home1 & small fruits all fl\ri%4 
,sweet potatoes yield b\ntifully & are (
 ! f9e/ quality4 ,asp>agus & e>ly :ite  
potatoes pay h&some pr(its4 ,tomatoes1 !
 great cann+ crop1 are gr[n by ! ?\s&s (
 acres4  ,! grasses & clov]s gr[ 9      
luxuriance1 & h5ce dairy+ & beef        
production are pr(itable4 ,p\ltry pays z
 well z any:]e else2 *ick5s (t5 run on  

gre5 clov] all ?r\gh ! op5 w9t]4  ,!    
game consi/s ( v>i\s species ( ducks1   
quails1 re$ birds1 h>es1 m>% rabbits1 & 
o!r small creatures4 ,%ad1 tr\t1 h]r+1  
crocus1 black bass1 pike1 :ite fi%1 rock
 fi%1 oy/]s1 clams1 crabs1 & t]rap9 are 
abundant 9 ,delaw>e wat]s4  ,! tax 9 !  
rural c\nties is g5]ally sixty c5ts on !
 hundr$ doll>s4 ,besides ?is !re are    
taxes on bus9ess & a v light s*ool tax4 
,!re is no /ate tax1 yet ! /ate makes   
l>ge appropriations = ! support ( !     
public s*ools1 :i* are free to ev]ybody4
  ,m>yl& has e/abli%$ a ,/ate ,bureau ( 
,immigration 9 ,baltimore to give       
in=mation to home seek]s1 & advise !m z 
to *oice ( location1 opportunities =    
gett+ />t$ 9 agricultural production1 & 
aid !m 9 any way consi/5t ) a ,/ate     
,bureau4 ,mo/ ( ^! facts are tak5 f su* 
reports4  ,s\!rn ,m>yl& & ! ea/]n %ore  
are especially adapt$ to g>d5+ & truck+1
 z well z fruit gr[+4 ,l& is *eap & c be
 pur*as$ 9 tracts ( any size f an acre  
upw>ds1 at f t5 to fifty doll>s p] acre4

 ,f>ms f tw5ty acres to sev5 hundr$     
acres & up are = sale 9 ne>ly e c\nty 9 
! /ate4 ,! removal ( a l>ge "p ( ! negro
 population f ! c\ntry to ! cities has  
result$ 9 ! p>tition ( ! l>ge e/ates    
into small] f>ms1 ?us af=d+ an          
opportunity = home seek]s :o are seek+  
*eap l& amid cong5ial surr\nd+s4 ,ne>ly 
all ( ^! f>ms h build+s1 "s 9 ne$ (     
repair1 o!rs 9 v good condition4  ,= ^? 
:o wi% to avoid ! h>d "w ( break+       
woodl&s1 ! ea/]n & we/]n %ores (f]      
abundant well-cultivat$ l&s ) build+s1  
or*>ds1 & woods1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( 
navigable riv]s & railways1 on good     
roads at f tw5ty doll>s p] acre upw>ds4 
,t seems *eap4  ,= settl]s :o are       
accu/om$ to m\nta9\s regions1 we/]n     
,m>yl& has l& = sale at ev5 *eap] rates4
  ,!re are _m l>ge tidal m>%es 9 ,m>yl&1
 z might be expect$ 9 a t]ritory wat]$ l
 ?is /ate4 ,!y are ( ! ri*e/ soil to be 
f\nd1 because ! ,*esapeake ,bay is a    
great riv] valley1 receiv+ ! dra9age ( a
 va/ area ( f]tile l&1 compris+ ne>ly "o

 ?ird ( ,new ,york & ne>ly all ( ! great
 agricultural /ates ( ,p5nsylvania1     
,m>yl&1 & ,virg9ia4 ,e ye> ?is dra9age  
br+s d[n a black s$im5t1 call$ oy/] mud1
 :i* is deposit$ on ! m>%l&s & enri*es !
 soil1 mak+ x1 ) prop] cultivation1 (   
productivity l t ( ! rice & :eat fields 
( ,egypt4 ,^! unreclaim$ l&s are us$    
*iefly = gra94  ,prop] dra9age ( small  
tracts ( ?is l& w\ld br+ unsurpass$ &   
absolutely unt\*$ f]tility4  ,!         
,*esapeake ,riv] valley is n s l>ge z t 
( ! ,nile or ,ganges1 b is ( en\gh      
consequ5ce to play an important "p 9    
human affairs & to support 9 com=t &    
prosp]ity a population z l>ge z t ( _m  
fam\s /ates4  ,! ea/]n %ore is uni=mly  
level1 ) good roads4 ,! proximity ( !   
ocean & ! bay greatly modifies !        
temp]ature4 ,x has a great trunk        
railway1 ) connections along its entire 
l5g?1 call$ ! ,delaw>e ,division ( !    
,p5nsylvania railroad1 :i* furni%es     
direct transportation to ,philadelphia1 
,new ,york1 & o!r nor!rn cities4  ,on ! 

ea/]n %ore !re are _m ?\s& acres ( l&   
devot$ to g>d5 truck1 & ! /rawb]ry crop 
has ( late ye>s become ( importance4    
,ov] "o hundr$ c>loads ( /rawb]ries are 
%ipp$ daily dur+ ! season to !          
,baltimore1 ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 &
 ,bo/on m>kets4  ,l& prop]ly cultivat$ w
 yield f\r ?\s& qu>ts ( /rawb]ries to an
 acre4  ,! cann+ ( v>i\s fruits &       
vegetables has gr[n to be l>g] ?an t (  
any o!r /ate & is "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable (
 ! indu/ries ( ,m>yl&4 ,! pr9cipal      
articles cann$ are pea*es1 peas1 &      
tomatoes4  ,! tomato crop is also       
pr(itable to ! gr[]4 ,! "y plants are   
set out 9 ! spr+2 _m d ?is ) a ma*9e1 b 
two p]sons c easily plant sev5 acres 9 a
 day by h&4  ,an acre w produce f six to
 eighte5 tons ( tomatoes1 accord+ to !  
quality ( ! soil4 ,all su* products br+ 
bett] prices n[ 9 ,m>yl& m>kets ?an !y  
did be=e cann+ 0 resort$ to4 ,! ,m>yl&  
t9 c is kn[n :]ev] civilization rea*es4 
,tobacco is ext5sively produc$ only 9   
s\!rn ,m>yl&1 al?\gh x c be rais$ 9 any 

section ( ! /ate4  ,9 ! neighborhood ( !
 l>g] cities truck+ & fruit gr[+ are    
pr(itable1 comb9$ ) p\ltry rais+1 (t5 on
 f>ms ( n m ?an five or t5 acres4  ,_m  
f>m]s devote "p ( _! "t successfully to 
bees1 & !re is n[h]e a bett] climate =  
fl[]s ?an t ( ,m>yl&4 ,two ,engli%      
flori/s :o h settl$ 9 ,baltimore ,c\nty1
 t5 & ?irte5 miles nor!a/ ( ! city1     
daily s5d to all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
& ev5 to ,canada _m l>ge boxes (        
beautiful roses1 c>nations1 violets1 &  
o!r *oice fl[]s4 ,bo? ( ^! m5 began on a
 small scale & h prosp]$4  ,! f>m] :o   
has a c\ple ( ?\s& doll>s to pay ca% = a
 small f>m 9 ,m>yl& is assur$ ( a good  
liv+4 ,b also a less favor$ settl]1 if  
he has only f f\r to eight hundr$       
doll>s1 c h a good />t 9 ,m>yl&1 &      
probably z good a *ance = indep5d5ce &  
prosp]ity z any:]e4  ,families (        
immigrants :5 travel+ to ! ,we/]n1      
,nor?we/]n1 & ,s\!rn /ates ( ,am]ica h  
to sp5d f "o hundr$ & fifty to two      
hundr$ doll>s = railroad tickets f ,new 

,york to _! de/9ation2 by go+ to ^!     
adjo9+ /ates !y c save all t money1 &   
inve/ x 9 l&4  ,! ,virg9ia ,dep>tm5t (  
,agriculture & ,immigration also        
publi%es in=mation = ! home seek]4  ,to 
mo/ p ! "n ,virg9ia c>ries ) x limitless
 vi/as ( tobacco fields cov]$ ) d>kies  
ply+ ! hoe1 or pick+ (f ! ubiquit\s     
worm4 ,be=e ! ,w> ?is picture w\ld h be5
 a true "o2 b s9ce ! awak5+ ( ! y\ng]   
g5]ation to a bett] und]/&+ ( h]        
res\rces1 toge!r ) ! )drawal ( l>ge     
numb]s ( ! color$ p into indu/rial      
occupations1 no /ate (f]s m attractive  
inducem5ts to ! homecr(t] ?an ,virg9ia4 
,9 climate1 div]sity ( soils1 fruits1   
=e/s1 wat] supply1 m9]al deposits1      
includ+ m\nta9 & valley1 %e (f]s        
unsurpass$ advantages4 ,truly did       
,capta9 ,john ,smi?1 ! adv5tur\s fa!r ( 
,virg9ia1 sugge/ t ,heav5 & e>? nev]    
agre$ bett] to frame a place = man's    
habitation4  ,virg9ia lies betwe5 !     
extremes ( heat & cold1 remov$ alike f !
 sultry1 protract$ summ]s ( ! m s\!rn   

/ates1 & ! long] w9t]s & deva/at+ /orm &
 cyclones ( ! ,nor? & ,nor?we/4 ,its    
limits nor? & s\? correspond to         
,cali=nia & s\!rn ,europe4  ,! climate  
is mild & heal?ful4 ,! w9t]s are less   
sev]e ?an 9 ! ,nor!rn & ,nor?we/]n      
/ates1 or ev5 ! we/]n localities ( !    
same latitude1 :ile ! occasional p]iods 
( extreme heat 9 ! summ] are n m        
oppressive ?an 9 _m portions ( ! ,nor?4 
,tidewat] ,virg9ia1 or ! ,coa/al ,pla91 
z x is sometimes call$1 receives ! "n f 
! fact t ! /reams t p5etrate x feel !   
ebb & fl[ ( ! tides f ! ocean up to !   
head ( navigation4 ,x consi/s *iefly (  
broad & level pla9s1 :ile a consid]able 
portion1 ne>e/ to ! bay1 has %all[ bays 
& e/u>ies1 & m>%es t are 9 mo/ in/ances 
rea*$ only by ! ocean tides4 ,^! m>%es  
ab\nd ) wild duck & sora4 ,tidewat] is  
ma9ly an alluvial c\ntry4 ,! soil is    
*iefly light1 s&y loam1 und]laid ) clay4
 ,its pr9cipal productions are fruits & 
e>ly vegetables1 :i* are rais$ 9        
ext5sive m>ket g>d5s1 & %ipp$ 9 l>ge    

quantities to ,nor!rn cities4 ,!        
f]tiliz+ m9]als--gypsum1 m>l1 &         
gre5s&--ab\nd1 & _! judici\s use readily
 re/ores ! l&s :5 exhau/$ by improvid5t 
cultivation4  ,middle ,virg9ia is a     
wide1 undulat+ pla91 cross$ by _m riv]s 
t h cut _! *annels to a consid]able dep?
 & are bord]$ by alluvial bottom l&s t  
are v productive4 ,! soil consi/s (     
clays ) a subsoil ( dis9tegrat$ s&/one  
rocks1 & v>ies accord+ to ! nature ( !  
rock f :i* x is =m$4  ,! pr9cipal       
productions ( middle ,virg9ia are corn1 
:eat1 oats1 & tobacco4 ,! tobacco rais$ 
9 ?is section & 9 ,pi$mont1 kn[n z !    
,virg9ia ,leaf1 is ! be/ gr[n & ! be/   
kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ?is section1 
z 9 ,tidewat]1 ! l[ bottom l&s =m$ by ! 
s$im5t ( ! wat]s are exceptionally      
productive4  ,! ,pi$mont section is     
div]sifi$ & surpass+ly picturesque4 ,!  
soil is heavi] ?an t ( middle ,virg9ia1 
! subsoil be+ ( /iff & d>k r$ clay4 ,on 
! slopes ( ! ,blue ,ridge grapes (      
delici\s flavor gr[ luxuriantly4 ,^!    

produce excell5t w9es1 & ! cl>ets h a   
wide fame4 ,! pipp9 apples ( ?is section
 are ( unrival$ excell5ce4  ,! ,great   
,valley1 z x is descriptively call$1 is 
9 ! g5]al configuration "o cont9u\s     
valley1 includ$ betwe5 ! two m\nta9 *a9s
 t ext5d ?r\gh\t ! /ate2 x is "o ( ! mo/
 abundantly wat]$ regions on ! face ( ! 
globe4 ,deep lime/one b$s =m ! floor ( !
 ,great ,valley1 & f ^! b$s ! soil      
d]ives an exce$+ f]tility1 peculi>ly    
adapt$ to ! gr[? ( grasses & gra91 & x  
be>s ! "n ( ! g>d5 spot ( ! /ate4  ,five
 trunk l9es ( railroads p5etrate &      
int]sect ! /ate4 ,! l9es ( /eamboats t  
ply ! navigable /reams ( ea/]n ,virg9ia 
af=d comm]cial communication = l>ge     
sections ( ! /ate ) ! m>kets ( ?is      
c\ntry & ( ,europe4 ,norfolk & ,newport 
,news ma9ta9 communication ) ! ,european
 m>kets by /eam]s & vessels1 :ile f ^!  
ports is also kept up an ext5sive       
comm]ce along ! ,atlantic seabo>d4 ,!   
seaports are ne>] ?an is ,new ,york to !
 great c5t]s ( population1 & areas (    

production1 ( ! ,we/ & ,nor?we/4  ,m>ket
 g>d5 crops ( e description c be gr[n4  
,! foll[+ result 0 obta9$ on a f\r-acre 
pat* ne> ,norfolk3  ,! own] /at$ t 9    
,septemb] he s[$ sp9a* on f\r acres4    
,betwe5 ,*ri/mas & ! fir/ ( ,m>* foll[+ 
he cut & sold ! sp9a* at ! rate ( "o    
hundr$ b>rels to ! acre1 at a price     
rang+ f two to sev5 doll>s p] b>rel--an 
av]age ( #d4ej p] b>rel4 ,e>ly 9 ,m>* ! 
f\r acres 7 set out to lettuce1 sett+ ! 
plants 9 ! op5 air ) no protection      
:atev]1 #age1jjj plants on ! f\r acres4 
,he %ipp$ #dej half-b>rel baskets (     
lettuce to ! acre1 at a price rang+ f #b
 to #b4ge p] basket4  ,e>ly 9 ,april1 j 
be=e ! lettuce 0 ready to %ip1 he plant$
 snap beans betwe5 ! lettuce r[s2 &     
today1 ,june #b;d1 ^! are ! f9e/ beans  
we h se5 ?is season4  ,! la/ week 9 ,may
 he plant$ cantal\pes betwe5 ! bean r[s1
 :i*1 :5 m>ket$ 9 ,july1 w make f\r     
crops f ! same l& 9 "o ye>'s "t4 ,!     
cantal\pes w be good = #bej crates to ! 
acre1 & ! price w run f #a to #a4ej p]  

crate4 ,a c>eful inve/igation ( ^!      
'facts1 figures1 & features' w %[ t 8   
gross sales w easily rea* #bjjj p] acre2
 8 net pr(its dep5d l>gely ^u ! man & ! 
managem5t2 b !y surely %\ld n be less   
?an #ajjj cle>1 clean pr(it to ! acre4  
,?is is = f>m+ done all out ( doors4 ,no
 ho?\se or hotb$ "w--n a bit ( x1 ) no  
extra exp5se = hotb$s1 cold frames1 or  
ho?\ses4  ,int5sive1 ?or\gh tillage &   
c>e ( ! soil w probably pay z well "h z 
at any po9t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,apples 
are ! pr9cipal fruit crop ( ! /ate4 ,!re
 is a ye>ly increas+ numb] ( trees4 ,9  
"o ( ! valley c\nties a sev5te5-ye>-old 
or*>d ( #aaej trees produc$ an apple    
crop z f> back z #aije :i* br\ght ! own]
 #aj1jjj1 ano!r ( fifty tw5ty-ye>-old   
trees br\ght #gjj4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,e4 ,v&eman1
 "o ( ! be/-kn[n horticulturi/s 9 !     
c\ntry1 says t !re is n 9 all ,nor?     
,am]ica a bett] place to plant or*>ds   
?an 9 ,virg9ia2 on acc\nt ( its ri*     
apple soil1 good flavor & keep+         
qualities ( ! fruit1 & ne>ness to !     

great m>kets ( ! ,ea/ & ,europe4  ,!    
trees atta9 a f9e size & live to a good 
old age1 & produce abundantly4 ,9       
,patrick ,c\nty !re is a tree n9e feet  
five in*es ar\nd :i* has borne #aaj     
bu%els ( apples at a s+le crop2 o!r     
trees h borne ev5 m4 ,"o f>m] 9         
,albem>le ,c\nty has receiv$ m ?an      
#ae1jjj = a s+le crop ( ,albem>le       
,pipp9s gr[n on tw5ty acres ( l&4 ,?is  
pipp9 is consid]$ ! mo/ delici\s apple 9
 ! _w4  ,! fig1 pomegranate1 & o!r      
delicate fruits fl\ri% 9 ! ,tidewat]    
region4  ,new ,engl&1 f ,ma9e to ,rhode 
,isl&1 is suff]+ f "o disease--lack (   
intellig5t labor4 ,?irty ye>s ago ! sons
 & daught]s :o1 9 ! natural c\rse (     
ev5ts1 w\ld h /ay$ to cultivate ! home  
acres1 left to =m a "p ( ! we/w>d ?rong 
mak+ = ! level1 unt\*$ prairies (       
,ill9ois & ,i[a4  ,! old folks h di$ or 
become incapacitat$4 ,new int]e/s *a9 _!
 *ildr5 to adopt$ homes4                
,result1--unoccupi$ l&s by ! hundr$ ?\s&
 acres1 await+ en]gy1 skill1 & fai?4    

,t5 doll>s an acre is a common price = !
 rocky hills ( ,new ,engl&4 ,! *oice    
riv] bottoms1 & l& ne> ! l>g] cities is 
z high pric$ z simil> l& any:]e else4   
,int5d+ settl]s c buy small areas =     
little money2 usually ! smalle/ f>ms h  
good build+s wor? 9 _m cases m ?an !    
price ask$ = ! :ole f>m4 ,climatic      
conditions are n favorable to s+le      
cropp+4 ,9 ! old days g5]al f>m+1 gra91 
beef1 %eep1 & hogs 7 ! rule2 n[adays1   
special crops1 dairy+1 fruit gr[+1 etc4 
,tobacco is ! great /aple 9 ! ri*       
,connecticut ,riv] bottoms1 & ev5 on !  
upl&s1 if prop]ly manur$1 x pays f "o to
 ?ree hundr$ doll>s p] acre4 ,tobacco c 
be rais$ on small areas f> f ! railroad1
 z1 :5 prop]ly cur$ & pack$ = %ipm5t1 x 
is n p]i%able4 ,to _m ! wor/ feature (  
,new ,engl& is ! climate--long1 cold    
w9t]s & %ort summ]s4 ,ma9e be+ f>!/ nor?
 suff]s mo/ 9 ?is respect1 b t does n   
prev5t h] produc+ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( tons
 ( sweet corn = cann+ & va/ quantities (
 eggs & butt]4 ,fruit does well on ! l[]

 coa/2 a small or*>d ( pea*es or plums w
 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s f plant+ make a     
com=table liv+4 ,bu% fruits gr[ 9       
abundance & give nev]-fail+ crops4      
,p\ltry is peculi>ly successful on !    
rocky hills1 because !y are ne>ly always
 dry or well dra9$4 ,dairy+ c be made to
 pay if ne> a cream]y1 or :]e milk c be 
sold at retail4 ,! prospective settl] "h
 %\ld be> 9 m9d t :]ev] he goes1 ! fir/ 
ye> w produce little m ?an a kit*5 g>d52
 ! second enable him b>ely to pull      
?r\gh1 & ! ?ird give him a />t at a     
p]man5t income4 ,9 f>m+1 z 9 all o!r    
bus9esses1 only ^? w succe$ :o "k :at !y
 want & h[ to get x2 :o h select$ ) c>e 
! locality be/ suit$ to ! special crops 
!y int5d to raise2 & aft] hav+ once made
 a selection1 /ick until !y h compell$  
success4  ,! lure ( ! va/ ,we/ & ( ! new
 ,s\? is n =gott52 b ! "t has pass$ :5 !
 "y man c\ld g ,we/ to take a f>m (     
,uncle ,sam's4 ,desirable l& is too     
exp5sive = ! pione]1 & ! con/ant toil & 
comp>ative isolation ( ! prairie f>m    

(f]s b a poor sort ( lib]ty1 ?\gh x /ill
 af=ds a liv+4  ,b close to ! gr[+ t[ns 
9 ^? /ates small plots ( l& c /ill be _h
 to "w ) ! same bright prospects t are  
(f]$ ne> ! great metropolis4  ,9 ne>ly  
all ! sections )9 ! area ( int5sive     
cultivation1 timb] is /ill pl5tiful     
en\gh to make x ! *eape/ build+ mat]ial2
 & p]sons :o really want to get to ! l& 
c contrive a suffici5t %elt]1 l a       
pione]'s1 = f two to five hundr$ doll>s4
     ,,*apt] ,,xviii  ,,cle>+ ,,! ,,l&  
,x is pretty good fun to hack at bu%es &
 to *op trees d[n & !n to *op !m up4 ,if
 !re is only a small "p ( ! l& to be    
cle>$1 a man c easily le>n skill ) ! ax 
& d x at odd times1 b he 0 a wise old   
man ( :om 8 little girl said1 ,:5 gr&pa 
wants any?+1 t mom5t he wants x4 ,x is  
n[ t we ne$ ! l&2 b ev5 if x is cov]$ ) 
trees1 !re is no cause = disc\ragem5t4  
,lumb] is s high t ! local or portable  
sawmill m5 w buy ! timb] by ! acre4 ,!y 
w cut ! trees & haul ! logs4  ,if y     
decide to cut a tree y\rself1 a little  

inquiry w %[ = :at purpose x w br+ !    
highe/ price4 ,locu/ /icks1 = example1  
f\r to six in*es ?ick1 w br+ 9 ,new     
,york t5 or fifte5 c5ts a runn+ foot =  
insulator p9ions4 ,if a maple proves to 
be ei!r curly or bird'seye 7?is dep5d+ n
 on ! v>iety1 b on ! accid5tal          
undulations ( ! fib]71 x w be 9 dem& = !
 manufacture ( furniture4  ,sug> maples 
t5 or fifte5 feet high c be transplant$ 
or sold4 ,nut & fruit trees w ne>ly     
always be wor? keep+4  ,c$> /icks f\rte5
 feet long w br+ tw5ty c5ts 9 mo/ places
 = hop & bean poles4 ,see :at c be sold 
in/ead ( burn$1 & don't cut d[n         
recklessly2 an unsalable tree may be    
valuable z a w9dbreak or z %ade = y\r   
h\se4 ,! wrong tree = %ade is ! d5se    
foliag$1 l[-bran*$ tree :i* =ms a solid 
dome f ! gr\nd up4 ,! "r tree1 9 !      
op9ion ( ,h5ry ,hicks 79 ,c\ntry ,life 9
 ,am]ica71 is ! ,am]ican elm1 :i* ought 
to be call$ ! umbrella tree4 ,pl9y      
speaks ( ! plane tree1 our sycamore or  
buttonwood1 z excell5t1 because ( !     

horizontal bran*es :i*1 l w9d[ bl9ds1   
all[ free passage ( ! breezes :ile      
int]cept+ ! heat ( ! sun4  ,! ideal %ade
 tree is a canopy l a p>asol ov] ! h\se1
 ) high1 leafy bran*es t d n %ut (f     
light & air f ! w9d[s4 ,?is cools a h\se
 by keep+ ! sun (f & cools ! air by !   
rapid evaporation f its leaves1 & w make
 x t5 to fifte5 degrees cool] 9 summ]4  
,x w be *eap] & m effective ?an a       
comb9ation ( awn+s1 piazza1 & eaves4    
,woodman1 sp>e t tree4  ,/umps may be   
burn$ out ,to get a good draught1 bore a
 hole 9 a slant+ direction f> d[n among 
! roots4 ,! smoke goes ?r\gh ! hole fir/
 & !n ! flame1 bor+ ! body to ! roots   
deep en\gh to pl[4 ,l& c also be cle>$  
by dynamite4 ,we cond5se f ,edi? ,lor+  
,full]ton 9 ,f>m+1 on :at has be5 done4 
,to g into ! desolate1 uncultivat$1     
burn$ ov] wa/e l&s ne> a great city &   
put t5 acres "u cultivation 9 ! %orte/  
possible space ( "t 0 our problem4 ,we  
und]took x at %ort notice 9 an unc]ta9  
season--! autumn--) ! det]m9ation to get

 at lea/ a portion ( ! l& se$$ d[n to   
w9t] rye be=e cold wea!r prohibit$ fur!r
 "w4  ,unit$ to ?is problem 0 t ( work+ 
a small f>m to its utmo/ capacity r ?an 
half cultivation ( a l>ge "o1 :i* is    
difficult to h&le f lack ( "t & labor & 
an unwise proposition = ! ,ea/ "u ! mo/ 
favorable circum/ances4  ,t5 acres (    
scraggy-look+ woodl& 0 pur*as$1         
sixty-eight miles f ,new ,york ,city on 
! nor? %ore ( ,long ,isl&4 ,! plot _h a 
few second & ?ird gr[? oak & *e/nut     
trees & spr\ts along ! bord]s4 ,all else
 _h be5 burn$1 & ! c5t] ( ! acreage     
exhibit$ ! mangl$ & black5$ rema9s ( a  
once ?rifty woodl&4  ,we proce$$ to     
*oose z our help]s native ,long ,isl&]s 
:om we 7 desir\s ( all[+ to "w4 ,we     
succe$$ by /r5u\s ef=ts 9 gett+ toge!r a
 gang ( bo? color$ & :ite m5 to !       
/up5d\s numb] ( eight4 ,!y fell to "w ) 
a "r good w1 at fir/ cutt+ d[n "h &     
trimm+ up !re z direct$4 ,h[ev]1 aft]   
giv+ !m a fair trial1 we decid$ t !y mu/
 be replac$ by ,italians4 ,! "q ( h\s+ !

 eighte5 ,italians soon came up4 ,t5ts  
might be adopt$ or ev5 ! unsanit>y dug\t
 be all[$ to m> ! l&scape4 ,a %anty 0   
entirely too ugly to suit our ta/es1 &  
also exp5sive1 & useless :5 ! m5 7 ?r\gh
 ) x4 ,t5ts 7 too airy1 z we knew ! "w  
w\ld cont9ue until freez+ wea!r1 &      
p]haps well into ! w9t]4 ,we pass$ on ! 
dug\t4 ,! ideal 0 some?+ t w\ld be ( use
 aft] ! "w ( cle>+ 0 complet$1 & = t    
purpose we decid$ ^u condemn$ freight   
c>s4 ,!y co/ b t5 doll>s ea*1 ! railroad
 be+ glad to get rid ( !m4 ,we b\ght    
two1 ultimately us+ "o = a *ick5 h\se & 
! o!r z a b>n4 ,9 ! meantime x 0 decid$ 
to remove ! /umps by dynamite1 z try+ to
 yank !m out by /ump pull]s or by       
mattock & pl[ 0 bo? sl[ & brutal4 ,!    
ord9>y cu/om ( all[+ nature to "w six   
ye>s at ! /umps & gradually elim9ate !m 
by decay 0 n to be ?\ght (4  ,dynamit]  
,kissam1 a ,long ,isl& exp]t1 arriv$ &  
set to "w1 us+ fuses = small /umps up to
 two feet 9 diamet]4  ,) ! adv5t ( !    
,italians "w began 9 e>ne/2 !y cle>$ out

 e useless tree1 cutt+ cord wood :]e any
 c\ld be obta9$ & burn+ ! bran*es & *>r$
 trees z !y w5t4 ,!y also cle>$ out all 
und]bru% ?or\ghly4  ,! dynamit] ) 8     
help] foll[$ !m up4 ,?is is ! mo/ excit+
 & int]e/+ "p ( cle>+ l& by mod]n       
me?ods4  ,! dynamite is put up 9        
half-p\nd /icks4 ,!y are a little l>g]  
?an an ord9>y c&le & are wrapp$ 9 heavy 
yell[ p>aff9$ pap]4 ,"o fold$ end ( ?is 
pap] is op5$ up & a hole made by a wood5
 skew] into ! dynamite /ick1 :i* is     
pla/ic & resembles graham bread 9 color 
& consi/5cy4  ,= magneto-batt]y "w :]e  
sev]al *>ges are requir$1 a copp] cap 9 
:i* is a m9ute quantity ( fulm9ate (    
m]cury1 & :i* is explod$ by a sp>k1 is  
atta*$ to f9e electric wires & seal$ by 
sulphur4 ,?is cap is plac$ 9 holes 9 !  
/icks ( dynamite1 & !n securely ti$ by  
draw+ /r+ tightly ar\nd ! pap] :i* is   
rais$ to admit ! cap4  ,9 prep>+ a *>ge 
= fuse ignition1 ! cap is crimp$ to !   
end ( a piece ( m9+ fuse & ?is is ins]t$
 9 ! dynamite /ick & securely fa/5$ z   

previ\sly describ$4  ,^! prep>$ *>ges   
are plac$ 9 a basket & c>ri$ v t5d]ly to
 ! /umps :i* h be5 prep>$ by !          
dynamit]'s assi/ant4 ,all ! "w is h&l$ v
 c>efully1 = :ile !re is n mu* dang] (  
an accid5t unless fire is plac$ ne> !   
explosive1 nev]!less extreme caution is 
us$ at all times4 ,x requires a nature  
s]5e1 calm1 & delib]ate4  ,deep oblique 
holes 7 !n made ) a r\nd cr[b> "u ! /ump
 s+l$ out = execution4 ,?is hole %\ld be
 z ne>ly horizontal z possible &        
directly "u ! /ump s t all ! explosive  
=ce may be exp5d$ on ! wood & n on ! e>?
 betwe5 ! dynamite & ! /ump4 ,! e>? acts
 z a cu%ion & ! natural t5d5cy (        
dynamite to ex]t =ce d[nw>d is          
c\nt]act$4  ,z soon z a small /rip 0    
bl[n1 ! ,italians1 ga!r+ up all ! /umps1
 roots1 & fragm5ts1 remov+ any pieces t 
7 loos5$ b n completely torn out1 & pil+
 !m at int]vals1 imm$iately burn$ !m4   
,?is _c be done :5 /umps are remov$ by  
any o!r me?od1 = by ! digg+ process !   
e>? mu/ be pick$ & scrap$ f !m &        

ultimately ! /ump hack$ 9 pieces be=e x 
w burn4  ,by our me?od ! /ump is burn$ &
 ! f9e/ k9d ( unlea*$ wood a%es--conta9+
 lime to sweet5 & pota% & phosphoric    
acid to furni% plant food--are spread ^u
 ! gr\nd a few h\rs aft] ! /umps are    
bl[n out4 ,^! a%es w\ld "u o!r          
circum/ances h to be pur*as$ at a co/ ( 
p]haps two doll>s a b>rel1 & z five     
b>rels at lea/ to ! acre are requir$ =  
good f]tilization1 ^! a%es gave u ! fir/
 cr$it ^u ! books4  ,foll[+ ! burn]s    
came ! manure spread]s2 five c>loads (  
manure _h be5 pur*as$ & 0 deliv]$ be=e x
 0 ne$$4 ,:5 ! manure 0 spread ^u ! l&  
7"o half c>load to ! acre71 ! pl[ />t$  
its "w smoo?ly & ) none ( ! /ra9 & j]k  
on man & bea/ usual 9 new l&4 ,! soil 0 
turn$ ov] ) ! greate/ ease1 = !         
explosions _h %iv]$ & torn out ev5 !    
smalle/ roots1 s ! pl[ ran ?r\gh ! gr\nd
 mu* m easily ?an 9 sod l&4  ,our       
friable1 s&y loam1 ) a light admixture (
 clay1 pulv]iz$ & a]at$ by ! explosions1
 0 9 m>ket g>d5 condition at once & )\t 

! ye>'s loss ( crops assur$ by old      
me?ods4  ,a too? h>r[ 0 next run ov] !  
pl[$ section1 & glean]s foll[$ ! h>r[1  
pick+ up ! f9e roots z !y 7 br\ght to ! 
surface4 ,z piles ( ^! f9e roots grew1  
!y 7 burn$ & ! a%es imm$iately spread ^u
 ! l&4 ,! too? h>r[ 0 run aga9 across ! 
r[s1 ! disk h>r[ foll[+ *opp$ & pulv]iz$
 ! e>? into ! f9e/ possible condition4  
,?irty five & "o half work+ days aft]   
,l>ry & 8 gang arriv$1 rye 0 drill$ into
 ?ree & "o half acres4  ,! condemn$     
freight c>s 7 plac$ ^u skids & drawn to 
! desir$ position ov] soap$ planks4 ,!y 
7 rais$ f ! gr\nd to give good "u       
v5tilation4 ,! nor? & ea/ sides are     
fill$ or bank$ up ) s& :i* came out ( ! 
well4 ,?is keeps out ! cold w9ds1 &1 9 !
 case ( ! *ick5-h\se c>1 all[s ! f[ls a 
%ad$ %elt] on hot summ] days4  ,!       
*ick5-h\se c> 0 plac$ fac+ ! s\!a/4 ,!  
we/]n end has a l>ge glaz$ sa% plac$ on 
x1 & two 9 ! s\!rn side4 ,"o half ! c> 0
 p>tition$ (f = roo/+ qu>t]s1 :ile ! o!r
 half s]ves z a lay+ & scrat*+ h\se4    

,?is f>m keeps only a few *ick5s =      
family use4  ,! artesian well 0 />t$ 9  
,octob]4 ,! well 01 naturally1 a        
necessity1 b !re 0 mu* to be consid]$ 9 
reg>d to ! me?od ( pump+4 ,"u ord9>y    
circum/ances a w9dmill w\ld d1 & is     
g5]ally a good auxili>y2 a t5-foot iron 
t[] & a t5-foot fan :eel co/ ab\t fifty 
doll>s1 b our f>m is n to be all[$ to be
 a failure = lack ( wat] 9 a dry season4
 ,9 case ( dr\ght 7& e summ] br+s "o (  
great] or less duration7 wat] mu/ be on 
h&1 & z a dr\ght usually is accompani$  
by w9dless wea!r1 ! w9dmill c\ld n be   
dep5d$ ^u4 ,an eng9e 0 obvi\sly         
necess>y4 ,bo? gasol9e & k]os5e eng9es 7
 closely inve/igat$1 ) ! result t a     
k]os5e oil eng9e 0 decid$ ^u4 7,! new   
/yle ( heavy oil eng9e is bett] & *eap] 
to run4 ,ed47 ,an advantage ( ! eng9e   
ov] a w9dmill is t x w furni% p[] =     
cutt+ wood1 gr9d+ gra91 or light+ !     
build+s1 a two & "o half horsep[] eng9e 
runn+ tw5ty-five #af c4p4 lights easily4
  ,! rye 0 turn$ "u gre5 9 ! spr+ to    

furni% humus1 ! greate/ & only vital ne$
 ( ?is p>ticul> spot ( virg9 soil4      
,s9ce t 0 writt5 an excell5t & *eap /ump
 pull] has be5 introduc$1 b ! acc\nt (  
"w is /ill typical4 ,dynamit+ is /ill ! 
mod]n way to cle> l& z well z to break  
up a /iff subsoil or h>dpan1 s z to     
loos5 ! e>? to let deep roots l trees or
 alfalfa g d[n & to secure dra9age4     
,primitive ,am]ican man reg>d$ trees z  
lumb] in/ead ( z timb] & /ill de/roys   
c\ntless millions 9 valuable wood z he  
cle>s ! gr\nd4  ,aft] x is cle>$1 x is  
vital to keep x cle>$ ( we$s1 :i* worse 
g>rot]s ( crops ?an trees4 ,to d t we   
don't ne$ to b[ to ! ,e>?1 nor to hamm] 
h] ) a h& hoe4  ,! ,man ) ! ,hoe began  
to be a back numb] :5 ,arkwright inv5t$ 
! ark or ! mule or :atev] he did inv5t4 
,! man ) ! :eel hoe is ! man t is ,x4 ,a
 :eel hoe co/s f #f to #ab1 & w d ! "w (
 sev]al m5 )\t break+ ! he>t or ev5 !   
back ( "o ( !m4 ,x has z _m atta*m5ts z 
a summ] girl & is equally v]satile4 ,x  
mu/ be run betwe5 ! r[s z soon z ! gr\nd

 is dry aft] e ra91 s z to slay ! we$s  
be=e !y are born4 ,if y don't !y w slay 
y\r pr(its1 if n y\rself4  ,crops gr[n  
on t exp]im5tal f>m are3 ,asp>agus1     
b]ries1 beans1 beets1 cabbage1          
caulifl[]1 cel]y1 c>rots1 cucumb]s1     
corn1 eggplant1 endive1 fruit trees1    
kale1 kohlrabi1 lettuce1 limes1 melons1 
m>tynias1 onions1 okra1 p>sley1 p>snips1
 peas1 potatoes 7sweet & :ite71 pumpk9s1
 radi%es1 rhub>b1 salsify1 squa%1       
tomatoes1 etc4 ,m>ket$ /rictly *oice    
radi%es ,may #ah1 peas ,june #aj1       
lettuce ,june #ba1 beans ,june #bi1     
beets ,july #h1 c>rots ,july #aj1       
cabbage ,july #aa4 ,surely a rapid      
result4  ,hemp is h>dly wor? y\r gr[+ = 
itself "u ord9>y circum/ances2 ! returns
 p] acre are n suffici5t4 ,b ,*>les     
,ri*>d ,dodge1 9 "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,ye>books ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 
says t z a we$ kill] x has practically  
no equal4  ,9 pro( ( ?is1 a ,nor? ,riv] 
f>m] /at$ t ?i/les h]et(ore _h ma/]$ him
 9 a c]ta9 field1 b aft] s[+ x ) hemp n 

a ?i/le surviv$2 & :ile ridd+ ! l& ( ?is
 pe/1 ! hemp yield$ him ne>ly sixty     
doll>s an acre1 :]e previ\sly no?+      
valuable c\ld be produc$4  ,z x gr[s f  
,m9nesota to ! ,mississippi ,delta1 its 
value = ?is purpose is consid]able4  ,b 
!re is a way easi] & *eap] ( cle>+ l&   
?an by bla/+1 if we c af=d to wait a    
little2 & ,mr4 ,george ,fayette         
,?ompson1 9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #bg1 ,bureau (
 ,animal ,indu/ry1 tells u h[1 giv+ "s  
int]e/+ facts ab\t ,angora goats1 ( :i* 
! foll[+ is a cond5sation3  ,to p tak+  
up raw l&1 p>ticul>ly :]e !re is a heavy
 und]gr[? to be cle>$ away1 goats ( "s  
k9d are an invaluable aid4 ,9 its br[s+ 
qualities ! common goat is z good z any1
 b1 aside f ! cle>+ ( ! l&1 ! pr(it 9 8 
keep is v little1 ?\gh "s dem& is gr[+  
up = goat's milk = infants & = "s fancy 
*eeses4 ,a mu* bett] animal f ! /&po9t (
 pr(it1 :ile 9 use z a scav5g]1 is !    
,angora goat4 ,_! long1 silky hair has  
be5 us$ = c5turies 9 mak+ blankets1 lap 
robes1 rugs1 c>pets1 & p>ticul>ly !     

ca%m]e %awls1 =m]ly a great luxury 9 ?is
 c\ntry4 ,mu* ( ! camel's hair dress    
goods is 9 reality made f ! hair ( !    
,angora goat1 or mohair1 z x is call$4  
,angora goats ?rive be/ 9 high altitudes
 ) dry climates4 ,!y exi/ 9 greate/     
numb] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,cali=nia1    
,new ,mexico1 & ,texas4 ,!y h be5 us$   
successfully 9 ! ,willamette ,valley (  
,oregon to eat ! und]bru% (f ! l&1 do+ =
 no?+ t = :i* ! f>m]s pay ,*9ese labor]s
 tw5ty-five to =ty doll>s p] acre4 ,!   
co/ ( ,angora goats is ab\t t5 to ?irty 
doll>s ea* = does1 ) bucks at fifty to  
two hundr$ doll>s1 s t ev5 ) a small    
area ( l& to cle> x w\ld pay to buy a   
little flock = t purpose4 ,dr4 ,%&ley1 (
 ,i[a1 says t two to ?ree goats to !    
acre is suffici5t = clean+ up l&1 & t 9 
two ye>s ! goats w eat all ( ! und]bru% 
f woodl&1 su* z bri]s1 ?i/les1 scrub    
oak1 sumac1 &1 9 fact1 any %rub         
und]gr[?4 ,!y ne$ no o!r food ?an :at !y
 c secure f ! woods !mselves4           
,consequ5tly1 ! income f ! sale ( mohair

 is ne>ly net4  ,! m ne>ly ?or\ghbr$ !  
goats are1 ! bett] ! mohair & ! high] ! 
price4 ,! meat ( ! ,angora goat is      
sup]ior to mutton1 al?\gh if sold 9 !   
m>ket "u ! "n ( goat meat1 x comm&s only
 half ! price ( mutton4  ,z an example (
 ! ,angora's utility 9 clean+ up l&1 !  
,c\ntry ,g5tleman says3 ,mr4 ,l&rum     
exhibit$ t5 head at ! ,oregon ,/ate     
,fair4 ,9 ord] to demon/rate _!         
effectiv5ess z sub/itutes = grubb+1 he  
left !m on ?ree acres ( bru%4 ,at ! end 
( ! second ye> ! l& 0 mell[ & ready = ! 
pl[4  ,x might be possible to build up a
 bus9ess 9 cle>+ l&s = o!rs by means ( a
 h]d ( ,angoras4     ,,*apt] ,,xix  ,,h[
 ,,to ,,build   ,if y f9d an ab&on$ f>m 
on :i* ! build+s are wor? m ?an ! :ole  
price ask$1 z frequ5tly happ5s1 y are   
all "r4 ,ev5 if ! build+s are some:at   
dilapidat$1 y c fix !m up = a few       
doll>s4 ,b 9 buy+ small plots ( gr\nd1  
l>g] f>ms h to be brok5 up4 ,if y buy f 
! resid5t own]1 he may sell y five acres
 (f 8 l>g] tract1 & keep 8 h\se to live 

94 ,c]ta9 x is t if a f>m ( #ajj acres  
is subdivid$ into tw5ty five-acre f>ms1 
at lea/ n9ete5 new h\ses mu/ be built1  
al?\gh sometimes an old b>n c be made   
into a fair resid5ce4  ,if y c d no     
bett]1 x is possible to />t by t5t+4 ,an
 outfit l>ge en\gh = a family ( six w\ld
 be ab\t z foll[s3  #a wall t5t ) fly1  
#aj ,x #ad1 = sleep+ #a wall t5t ) fly1 
#aj ,x #ad1 = d9+  #a old cook /ove 7to 
be erect$ outdoors71 #b floors1 #aj ,x  
#ad1 at #e ea*  ,br[n t5ts1 at lea/ = ! 
sleep+ rooms1 are be/2 !y la/ long]1 are
 cool]1 & d n attract ! flies2 ?\gh     
inde$ we ne$ n h h\se flies if we keep !
 horse manure cov]$ up--!y are all br$ 9
 t4 ,if ! t5ts are 9 ! %ade1 ! co/ ( !  
cov] or fly c be sav$ 9 ! d9+ t5t2 b x  
is necess>y 9 ! liv+ t5t1 because wet   
canvas w leak :5 t\*$ on ! inside4 ,to  
make ! t5t w>m = ! w9t]1 we mu/ bank up 
to ! edges ( ! plat=m ) e>? & cov] !    
:ole ) ano!r t5t ( ! same %ape1 b a foot
 l>g] 9 e dim5sion4 ,^! are commonly us$
 9 ,montana4  ,x is to be presum$ t no  

"o w\ld attempt mov+ 9 )\t h\sehold     
ut5sils1 :i* may be z simple or         
elaborate z y please4 ,if !re is a      
sawmill 9 ! vic9ity1 a tempor>y %ack =  
w9t]1 say #bb ,x #cj feet1 c\ld be built
 = f #djj to #fjj1 dep5d+ on ! int]ior  
f9i%4 ,p>titions c be made v *eap by    
erect+ panels cov]$ ) canvas1 burlap1   
old c>pet1 etc4 ,su* a build+ does n ne$
 to be pla/]$1 b c be made w>m en\gh by 
an inside cov]+ ( burlap1 heavy build]s'
 pap]1 or composition bo>d4 ,t> pap]    
laid ov] solid %eet+ makes a ro( t w la/
 = two or ?ree ye>s4 ,= su* a %ack draw 
! plans y\rself4 ,all y really ne$ is a 
liv+ room1 b$room1 & kit*54  ,a *eap &  
effective wat] supply c be gott5 f a    
driv5 well1 :i* 9 mo/ places co/s ab\t  
"o doll> p] foot4 ,h x :]e ! kit*5 is to
 be1 s t ! wat] c be pump$ into a b>rel 
or o!r tank ov] ! /ove4 ,) a good range 
y c h z good a supply ( hot & cold wat] 
z y _h 9 ! city4  ,if s =tunate z to f9d
 a piece ( l& ) a good spr+ on x1 y c   
lay pipes & draw ! wat] f t4 ,if y c get

 twelve or fifte5 feet fall f ! spr+ to 
! kit*51 y don't ne$ a pump at all4  ,= 
a toilet closet1 build a %$ f\r feet    
wide1 six feet long1 & eight feet high4 
,use a movable pail or box4 ,lime slak$ 
or unslak$ or dry du/ or a%es mu/ be    
scatt]$ e "t ! closet is us$4 ,always   
clean be=e x %[s signs ( becom+ (f5sive3
 keep x cov]$ fly tight & mix ! cont5ts 
) e>? or litt]1 & scatt] on ! g>d54  ,a 
%ack c be built ( logs :i* w d = com=t &
 w look dignifi$4  ,horace ,l4 ,pike1 9 
,c\ntry ,life 9 ,am]ica1 says3 ,! lot on
 :i* we meant to build our log h\se /ood
 ?irty-five feet above ! lake4 ,!       
problem 0 h[ to build a cab9 roomy1     
picturesque1 inexp5sive1 & all on !     
gr\nd4  ,! gr\nd dim5sions are ?irty-two
 by ?irty feet outside4 ,?is gives a    
liv+ room sixte5 by f\rte52 b$rooms     
twelve by twelve1 twelve by t51 & n9e by
 sev52 kit*5 elev5 by n9e2 a five-by    
f\r-foot corn] = a pantry & refrig]ator2
 closet f\r by six1 front por* sixte5 by
 six feet six in*es1 & re> por* five by 

five--#gje squ>e feet ( inside floor    
space & #acj squ>e feet ( por*4  ,a doz5
 p9e trees /& on ! lot1 & maneuv]+ 0    
requir$ to set a cottage among !m )\t ! 
crime ( cutt+ "o4 ,! front receiv$ !    
salutes ( a lean+ oak1 ! life ( :i* 0   
sav$ by ! sacrifice ( six in*es f ! por*
 eaves1 ! trunk =m+ a newel po/ = ! /ep 
rail+4  ,we clos$ ! contract imm$iately 
= #abj ,norway or r$ p9e logs1 ?irty    
feet long & eight by t5 in*es diamet] at
 butts4 ,! price 0 l[--"o or two doll>s 
_! l %\ld h br\ght4 ,we us$1 h[ev]1 only
 eighty-"o logs2 =ty ?irty-foot1 f\rte5 
eighte5-foot1 ?irte5 sixte5-foot1 &     
f\rte5 f\rte5-foot4  ,"w 0 begun on     
,april #bb4 ,two days suffic$ = ! own] &
 "o man to cle> & level ! gr\nd1 dig po/
 holes1 set po/s1 & squ>e ! f\ndation4  
,! soil 0 light s& ) a clay h>dpan ?ree 
feet d[n4  ,tw5ty-sev5 days ea* 7 put 9 
by two m5 f />t to f9i%1 ) assi/ance    
r5d]$ by ! own]4 ,!re 7 sev5 days by !  
mason1 eight by c>p5t]s1 & f\r te5 & "o 
half by o!r labor4 ,on ,june #d ! cab9 0

 ready = occupancy1 & ! family mov$ 94  
,! prices1 z 9 mo/ cases cit$1 are high]
 to-day4 ,*eap] transportation or l[]   
t>iff may r$uce !m aga94  ,mak+         
all[ances = increas$ co/ ( logs &       
diff]5ces 9 any ( ! mat]ial co/1 ?is    
cab9 c be duplicat$ = less ?an #gjj by  
any "o :o has ! gr\nd1 a few tools1 & "s
 build+ ability4 ,x is compact1         
conv5i5t1 & m roomy ?an a sup]ficial    
glance reveals1 & x c be occupi$ 7slight
 c>e is requir$7 f ,april to ,novemb] ) 
only ! kit*5 /ove & ! fireplace supply+ 
! heat4 ,! same plan c be us$ = an      
all-frame /ructure1 p]haps at less co/4 
,x c\ld be %ea!d & slab cov]$ 9 a       
locality :]e slabs1 edg$ to six or eight
 in*es wide1 c\ld be _h2 or slabs c\ld  
be us$ p]p5dicul>ly 9 ! gable ends & on 
! outside ( ! re> ext5sion4  ,we mu/ n  
ov]look ! diff]5ces 9 co/ ( lumb] &     
labor 9 diff]5t places1 sometimes m ?an 
d\bl+ nor ! fact t diff]5t contractors w
 v>y (t5 tw5ty-five p] c5t 9 _! bids4   
,a m]e cab91 l a wood5 t5t1 #ab ,x #aj )

 a plat=m adjo9+1 w accommodate "o or   
ev5 two p]sons & c be built by a        
contractor ev5 at w> prices = ab\t fifty
 to "o hundr$ doll>s4 ,?is w s]ve = tool
 h\se or /or]oom :5 a m conv5i5t        
resid5ce c be af=d$4 ,a numb] ( su* c be
 se5 at ,free ,acres1 ,new ,j]sey1 an   
h\r f ,new ,york ,city on ! ,d4 ,l4  ,w4
 ,railroad4  ,?\ghtful provision &      
plann+ w g f> to r$uce co/s4 ,a /ove    
pipe :i* %\ld run up inside ! h\se1 n   
outside1 s z to cons]ve heat & fuel1    
s]ves z *imney & fireplace4 ,a ,frankl9 
/ove1 practically an op5 fireplace set  
out entirely inside ! h\se1 is a        
practical device1 ?\gh x co/s f #ah to  
#cj4 ,x gives a *e]ful op5 fire to burn 
wood or coal & has a flat top to keep   
?+s hot1 a clut* ov5 ( %eet iron1 & a   
bob c be atta*$ to ! front ( ! grate4   
,b rememb] t ?\gh y may h trees or fall5
 wood = ! cutt+ x takes a lot ( "t to   
cut x4 ,a cyl9drical self-fe$+ coal     
burn] is mo/ economical = heat+ & a l9$ 
%eet iron cook+ /ove = ! kit*54  ,a     

fireless cook]1 :i* reta9s ! heat all   
day by means ( soap/one or insulation & 
sl[ly cooks ! food )\t los+ ! juices1 is
 an economical device4 ,x c be made at  
home by copy+ :at y see 9 ! /ores or by 
gett+ directions f ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t (
 ,agriculture4  ,don't =get d\ble w9d[s 
at lea/ t[>d ! nor?2 & on all w9d[s h   
heavy holl& %ades :i* make an air space 
betwe5 ! cold w9d[panes & ! atmosph]e ( 
! room4  ,portable h\ses s\nd           
attractive1 b !y d n pay unless y w ne$ 
to move !m4 ,manife/ly x co/s m to make 
a h\se l a trunk ?an l a %$4 ,! h\ses   
%ipp$ ready made ( ! ,aladd9 type1 ) all
 ! p>ts ready m>k$ to be nail$ toge!r by
 unskill$ labor are a mu* bett] inve/m5t
 & are n %aky4  ,x is true t liv+ is    
exp5sive 9 ! tra9 suburbs1 :5 almo/ all 
t is eat5 comes f ! city1 ) freight &   
monopoly rates add$4 ,b "o c raise mo/ (
 :at ! family eats1 & save besides 9 c> 
f>es & doctor's bills4  ,! r5t1 p]haps a
 qu>t] ( ! income1 t 0 paid = a place s 
small t ! cat _h to jump on a *air :5 ! 

baby sat d[n1 w be a cle> ga94  ,mrs4   
,w>r+ton's cottage at ,rose ,valley1    
,p5nsylvania1 =ms a v int]e/+ subject1 &
 is built f designs ( well-kn[n         
ar*itects ( ,philadelphia1 :o h tak5 up 
build+ small1 inexp5sive mod]n h\ses 9 a
 practical mann]4 ,! h\se is built ) a  
/one f\ndation & a wood5 sup]/ructure ) 
ext]ior walls cov]$ ) metal la? & cem5t 
/ucco :i* is /a9$ a cream color4 ,!     
trimm+s are /a9$ a s(t br[n & ! sa%es   
are pa9t$ :ite4 ,! ro( is cov]$ ) %+les1
 & is left to wea!r f9i%4 ,! front por*1
 f :i* a ve/ibule leads into ! h\se1 has
 a hood$ cov] =m$ by ! ma9 ro( sweep+   
d[n suffici5tly to =m a protection4 ,!  
ve/ibule =ms an entrance to bo? ! liv+  
room & ! kit*52 ! kit*5 is at ! front ( 
! h\se1 all[+ ! ma9 rooms & a private   
por* to be at ! s\? side4 ,! int]ior    
?r\gh\t is trimm$ ) cypress & /a9$ a s(t
 br[n4 ,! second floor joi/s are expos$ 
to view & are /a9$ 9 a simil> mann]1    
:ile ! ceil+ space betwe5 ! joi/s is    
pla/]$4 ,a broad ar*way sep>ates ! liv+ 

& ! d9+ rooms1 & :ile x =ms a sep>ation1
 x does n preclude ! possibility1 :5    
desir$1 ( ?r[+ ! two rooms into "o l>ge 
ap>tm5t4 ,! l>ge1 op5 fireplace is built
 ( cl9k] brick1 & its fac+s ext5d f !   
floor to ! ceil+2 x has a wood5 %elf    
support$ on corbel$ brackets4 ,a        
semi-box$ /airway rises out ( ! liv+    
room to ! second floor4 ,!re are ?ree   
b$rooms ) good-siz$ closets1 & a ba?room
 on ! second floor4 ,a cell>1 "u !      
entire h\se1 has a cem5t$ bottom1 &     
conta9s a laundry4 ,?is h\se co/s ab\t  
#bjjj complete4  ,h\ses built ( cem5t   
blocks are gr[+ 9 favor4 ,cem5t blocks c
 be made any:]e by unskill$ labor4 ,all 
t is ne$$ is a compet5t =eman to direct 
! mak+ & season+ ( ! blocks & lay+ !m 9 
! walls4  ,! co/ ( concrete comp>$ to   
frame or brick /ructures is1 if any?+1  
all ?+s consid]$1 9 favor ( concrete4   
,h\ses built ( wood are likely to become
 increas+ly exp5sive because ( ! de=e/+ 
:i* is go+ on 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates4  ,!re are abundant books ( plans

 & co/s publi%$1 %[+ :at may be built1 &
 sev]al responsible publi%]s recklessly 
(f] to refund ! co/ ( ! plans if !      
exp5se ( build+ ! h\se exce$s _!        
e/imates4  ,!re are also a numb] (      
manufactur]s ( ready-made portable      
h\ses1 runn+ 9 co/ f ab\t ?ree hundr$   
doll>s = f\r rooms1 upw>d4 ,"s ( ^! are 
adapt$ to all-!-ye>-r\nd use & may be   
us$ :]e l& is tak5 exp]im5tally4        
,,*apt] ,,xx  ,,back ,,to ,,! ,,l&      
,life1 to ! av]age man1 means h>d1      
anxi\s "w1 ) disappo9tm5t at ! end1     
:]eas x ought to mean pl5ty ( "t = books
 & talk4 ,!re is some?+ wrong ab\t a    
sy/em :i* condemns n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( 
! race to an exi/5ce z b>e (            
intellectual activity & enjoym5t z t ( a
 horse1 & ) ! add$ anxiety conc]n+ !    
next mon?'s r5t4 ,is !re no escape8     
,?r\gh ye>s ( h>d toil ,i suspect$ t !re
 might be su* an escape4 ,n[1 hav+      
escap$1 ,i am sure ( x1 s long z oatmeal
 is less exp5sive ?an ,h\r1 s long z !  
fi% & ! cabbage gr[s1 ,i %all keep out (

 ! slav]y ( mod]n city exi/5ce1 & live 9
 ,god's sun%9e4 7,hub]t1 ,lib]ty & a    
,liv+47  ,! weal?y class are tak+ up    
f>m+ z a heal?y & beautify+ div]sion1 & 
we may expect o!rs to foll[1 z x c]ta9ly
 promotes happ9ess & adds to !          
attractions ( ^? :o adopt x4 ,) ! aids  
:i* sci5ce has giv51 a f>m] c n[ make   
good pr(its ) less labor ?an 0 =m]ly    
necess>y to get a b>e liv+4 ,! am\nt t a
 s+le well-manag$1 well-till$ acre w    
produce 9 a season is simply incr$ible4 
,?is acc\nts = ! increas$ dem& = f>m+   
l&s :]ev] !y are to be _h on reasonable 
t]ms4 ,! wage e>n]s are le>n+ ?is1 & x  
is only a "q ( a little "t :5           
manufactur+ plants w h to be conv5i5t to
 l&s :]e ! families ( ! h&s c h a small 
tract ( l& to cultivate4 ,?is requires  
good transportation facilities f ! homes
 to ! factories4  ,corporate op]ation   
has be5 a great aid to human progress4  
,organization is man's ord]ly way (     
foll[+ ! ,div9e ,plan = 8 economic      
salvation vet ! f> m] has pr(it$ less by

 organization ?an trades unions4 ,:]e   
f>m]s h organiz$ to aid ea* o!r to buy &
 sell1 !y h ga9$ wond]fully1 b a beg9n+ 
9 ?is direction has b s]v$ to %[ h[ mu* 
m is ne$$4  ,to ! individual f>m] ) l>ge
 area & small means1 ! improvem5ts 9    
ma*9]y t *eap5 8 production are n at    
pres5t available4 ,! discov]ies 9 me?ods
 ( f]tilization ( ! soil only make x m  
difficult = him to e>n a liv+ 9         
competition ) ^? ^: ample capital       
increases production by its use4        
,improvem5ts 9 fruits & vegetation1 by  
hybridization & v>i\s me?ods t add weal?
 to ^? ( means1 only add to ! tr\bles ( 
our pres5t small f>m]s4  ,hi!rto        
corporate op]ation has be5 ma9ly = !    
b5efit ( /ockhold]s4 ,! cases :]e ^? ^: 
labor creates divid5ds get m ?an wages h
 be5 r>e4 ,a liv+ wage has be5 !        
ambition ( labor itself3 all pr(it      
beyond ?is is suppos$ to be ! "r (      
capital4 ,!re is ) "s p]sons an         
unconsci\s reluctance to %>e pr(its )   
labor le/ ! labor]s become indep5d5t1 & 

?us r$uce _! numb] to an ext5t to raise 
! labor m>ket1 s t x is difficult to get
 fair consid]ation ( any bus9ess        
proposition t promises bett] conditions 
= ! produc] or indep5d5ce = ! labor]4   
,?is is und\bt$ly %ort sight$1 z ! high]
 intellig5ce ( ! p :o h l& increases    
production & gives enl>g$ opportunities 
= ! pr(itable employm5t ( money4 ,h[ev]1
 if capitali/s p]si/ 9 ?is n>r[ view1 ! 
money ( ! p :5 !y le>n & ?9k1 c be      
appli$ to ?is purpose in/ead ( be+      
deposit$ 9 sav+s banks1 :]e mu* ( x is  
us$ 9 increas+ ! weal? ( ^? :o already h
 abundance4  ,! idea ( help+ o!rs to    
help !mselves f9ds a responsive *ord 9 !
 he>ts ( _m weal?y p4 ,b ! "q is1 h[ c  
all be help$8 ,no bus9ess me?od by :i*  
?is c be accompli%$ has1 z yet1 be5     
practically demon/rat$4  ,9 no field    
does corporate op]ation promise m = !   
bett]m5t ( human conditions1 = a high]  
/&>d ( morals & ( education1 or great   
c]ta9ty ( pr(it = capital1 ?an by       
sy/ematically aid+ m5 to obta9 f>ms4    

,progress proce$s on ! l9e ( returns =  
exp5diture4 ,:5 a man's economic        
condition p]mits1 8 fir/ ?\ght is to    
give 8 *ildr5 an education & a bett]    
*ance 9 life ?an he _h4 ,^? :o extol !  
simple life z ! ideal condition (       
happ9ess d n mean t want & deprivation (
 necessities is ! ideal condition4 ,if  
!y did1 !y w\ld put _! *ildr5 9 t       
condition to make !m happy4 ,bo?        
extremes ( weal? & ( pov]ty are burd5s &
 ret>d m5tal & moral progress4 ,! ideal 
condition is to be f\nd on a f>m :]e !  
l& is paid = & ample means are at h& to 
supply ! necessities = physical dem&s1 )
 leisure to le>n & enjoy ^? pleasures ( 
! m9d :i* come ) k ( ,nature's laws1 &  
wisdom to live 9 h>mony ) !m1 & 9 a     
measure compreh5d ! purposes ( creation4
  ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,smi?1 f\nd] ( ! ,hundr$ 
,ye> ,club1 sugge/s t !re is an op5+ 9  
int5sive f>m+ = ! b5evol5t b canny      
weal?y :o are int]e/$ 9 ! soil & want to
 comb9e philan?ropy & p]c5tage4  ,8 plan
 is to get capital to secure l& & all ! 

necess>y means1 give to ea* approv$     
applicant p]petual leases ( l& = a small
 f>m & a lot 9 a village site conv5i5t  
!reto1 ) a h\se m]ely suffici5t = %elt]1
 requir+ z a fir/ paym5t suffici5t to   
secure capital aga9/ loss 9 case ! f>m] 
=feits 8 contract1 say #ajj4 ,let !     
company provide sci5tific sup]vision &  
conduct ! op]ation ma9ly z ?\gh ! f>m]s 
7 employees1 all ! necess>ies to be *>g$
 to ea* ) only suffici5t pr(it to pay ! 
exp5se & a fair int]e/ on ! capital     
employ$4 ,?r\gh a pur*as+ & sales       
dep>tm5t all products %\ld be sold 9 !  
be/ m>ket & ea* f>m] cr$it$ ) ! net     
result ( 8 productions until ! agre$    
sale price is receiv$1 :5 title %\ld    
pass 9 fee to ! f>m]1 :o1 dur+ ! "t1 has
 become sci5tific s f> z t piece ( l& is
 conc]n$1 & 9 future c op]ate x ) !     
advantages :i* progress has made4 ,a    
public build+ w\ld be necess>y = a      
/oreh\se1 9 :i* rooms = meet+s ( v>i\s  
k9ds %\ld be provid$1 also su* %elt] z  
might be necess>y = assembl+ & /orage ( 

products = %ipm5t4  ,! exp5se ( public  
build+s & o!r utilities c\ld be paid =  
out ( ! increas$ value t !y br+ to ! l&4
 ,! company %\ld h a nurs]y to provide  
fruit tree1 etc41 ! gr[? ( :i*1 ) !     
increase ( population w\ld make ! f>ms1 
:5 paid =1 wor? f> m ?an _! co/4 ,su*   
opportunities z ?is1 op5$ to all1 w\ld d
 away ) ! tramps :o are n[ able to live 
on ! *>itable1 only because ( ! kn[n    
difficulties ( f9d+ "w4  ,! f>m]s %\ld  
be utiliz$ z f> z possible 9 ! pur*as+ &
 sales dep>tm5t1 & %\ld divide into     
committees to try v>i\s exp]im5ts       
connect$ ) _! bus9ess1 t ?r\gh _!       
reports all may be b5efit$ by ! k ga9$4 
,dairy+ & l>ge or*>ds on l& suitable & n
 ( use 9 ! g5]al f>m+ plan c\ld be      
conduct$ by ! community1 ea* f>m] be+ a 
/ockhold]4 ,! labor p]=m$ on ^!         
coop]ative und]tak+s %\ld be paid = &   
*>g$ to co/ ( production1 ea* "o :o     
p]=ms a %>e ( ! labor p>ticipat+ 9 !    
pr(its z ne> z may be4 ,z money is      
receiv$ by ! company f products1 x c be 

us$ 9 simil> op]ations4 ,:5 ! f>ms are  
paid =1 ! f>m]s c cont9ue ! coop]ative  
features t exp]i5ce has prov$ useful &  
ext5d ! bus9ess pr9ciple to o!r fields1 
su* z heat+1 light1 & p[] by            
electricity1 ma*9]y = prep>+ products = 
m>ket1 dry+1 cann+1 etc41 z well z = !  
cultivation ( ! soil4  ,:]e ! l& is     
level ! f>ms c be laid out on a g5]al   
plan t w admit ( ! use ( /eam pl[s to   
r$uce ! co/ ( pl[+1 save h>d labor1 &   
r$uce ! numb] ( "w animals4  ,among !   
multitude ( advantages ! individual w\ld
 h 9 ^! communities1 social1            
educational1 & economic1 heal? &        
physical developm5t appe> z n ! lea/4   
,! f>m1 z x is1 /ill furni%es a horde ( 
recruits = insane asylums2 its isolation
 & monotony ( ev]yday life1 ) its lack (
 social int]c\rse & educational         
advantages1 ne>ly c\nt]balance ! /ra9 & 
pov]ty ( ! cities4  ,b ! greate/        
difficulty is ! gr[+ inability ( !      
f>m]s' sons to secure l& & ! means to   
cultivate x :5 !y arrive at a           

m>riageable age4 ,^? :o h se5 =         
?reescore ye>s ! ev]-increas+ fl[ ( boys
 & girls f ! f>ms to ! cities1 great] 9 
proportion to ! rural population ?an 9  
any o!r age1 realize ! necessity = aid 9
 ?is direction4 ,:ile x is true t ! f>m 
has contribut$ l>gely to ! numb]s ( our 
successful city m51 ! fact rema9s t !   
mass ( boys :o come to ! cities z well z
 ! city born1 lack ! faculty to grab or 
save1 & fail1 :ile ! heal?y girls swell 
! ranks ( pro/itution1 :]e an av]age (  
eight ye>s l&s !m 9 a paup]'s grave4    
,our soldi]s1 z well z ^? ( o!r         
c\ntries1 are n up to =m] physical      
/&>ds4 ,deg5]acy1 dis9tegration is      
app>5t 9 e direction4  ,! p[] ( a nation
 dep5ds on ! physical & m5tal condition 
( ! great mass ( p1 & to leave ! p 9    
ignorance t !y may be controll$ by !    
intellig5t few :o und]/& _! ne$s & may h
 _! welf>e at he>t1 is a mi/ake t o!r   
nations ?an ,russia h made4 ,! law ( !  
survival ( ! fitte/ has wip$ out races &
 nations :o h ignor$ ?is fundam5tal law1

 t all m5 mu/ progress toge!r4  ,a race 
or civilization ) su* a basis ( f>m]s z 
?is plan w\ld create w\ld be endur+4  ,!
 nation or race1 l ! individual1 mu/ h  
intellig5t organization & live 9 h>mony 
) ! laws ( nature 9 ord] to survive4    
,opposition to !m means de/ruction      
,coop]ation is con/ructive4  ,if we are 
to pr(it by ?is lesson1 x is necess>y t 
we improve ! conditions surr\nd+ our l[]
 classes4 ,t ?is is recogniz$ by a l>ge 
numb] ( lead+ m9ds is prov$ by ! ef=ts (
 ! _m :o are engag$ 9 educational & o!r 
social movem5ts1 mo/ ( :i* result 9     
little net good to ! wage-e>n]s4        
,ob/acles to small f>m+ ne> l>ge cities 
are t f>ms ( ?ree to t5 acres ) build+s 
are n pl5tiful1 & t mortgage loans are  
h>d to get 9 ! ,ea/ & loans to help 9   
build+ are h>dly to be _h at all4  ,l&  
is ei!r held intact z l>ge f>ms or is   
sold entire to speculators :o hold x    
until x c be divid$ into city lots4 ,"h1
 x w\ld seem1 is an opportunity = ^? :o 
are int]e/$ 9 bett]+ ! condition ( _!   

fell[ m5 by :olesale1 & c inve/ l>ge    
capital1 b little "t1 9 ! "w4  ,let !m  
buy up l& 9 l>ge acreages & cut x up    
into small plots ( f "o to t5 acres1    
*>g+ en\gh advance to return int]e/ on !
 money inve/$ & to meet ! necess>y      
exp5ses 9 su* op]ation4 ,!n make lib]al 
build+ loans to buy]s4 ,inquiries among 
real e/ate m5 %[ t !y always h a l>g]   
dem& = small acreage ?an !y c meet1 s an
 imm$iate m>ket ) l>ge pr(its w\ld await
 ^? :o are fir/ 9 ?is field4  ,!re is no
 use 9 blam+ p = n leav+ ! cities to g  
to ! f>ms2 !y don't "k en\gh to g1 !y   
don't "k en\gh to make a liv+ if !y d g1
 & !y don't "k en\gh to enjoy x4        
,besides ?is1 !y h n ! capital4 ,we mu/ 
tea* !m & help !m4  ,george ,h4         
,maxwell's ,homecr(t]s' ,guild at       
,wat]t[n1 ,mass41 :]e boys are taught   
:at to d ) ! e>? & h[ to d x1 is wor?   
:ole %elves ( books on ,! ,exodus to !  
,cities or ! ,prosp]ity ( ! ,settl]4  ,x
 is report$ t ! /ate ( ,texas (f]$ six  
million acres ( l& = sale to settl]s1 at

 "o doll> p] acre4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t 
x w\ld be bett] t ! /ates %\ld r5t out !
 l& at f\r p] c5t ( ! sale price4 ,?is  
w\ld leave m money 9 ! h&s ( settl]s &  
enable _m to get f>ms :o _c pay ! price 
& h en\gh left to raise a crop4 ,9      
reality x w\ld be bett] = ! /ate to help
 f>m]s get a />t r ?an to tax !m "o     
doll> p] acre to beg9 )4 ,h[ev]1 "u our 
sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 we p]mit only ^? :o h 
money to h l&4  ,!re c be no d\bt t !   
/ate ( ,texas & h] p w\ld be bett] (f if
 ! l& 7 leas$ ?an to h x sold4 ,probably
 a tax on ! value ( ! l& in/ead ( a r5t 
w\ld be ! be/ = all ! p1 especially z x 
w\ld *eck speculation4     ,,*apt] ,,xxi
  ,,! ,,com+ ,,pr(ession ,,= ,,boys   ,9
 ord] t z little z possible may seem to 
be tak5 = grant$ or z m]e expressions ( 
! op9ions ( ! au?or1 we cite ! views (  
speciali/s z to ! possibilities ( ?is   
field1 s new 9 ?is c\ntry1 ( int5sive   
agriculture4  ,^! w %[ t ! conviction   
has become g5]al t1 z work]s1 z tea*]s1 
& z discov]]s1 !re is no c>e] m invit+  

or m lucrative or m dignifi$ ?an t ( !  
skillful fo/]-fa!r ( plants4  ,*ildr5   
br\ght up 9 city t5em5ts t5d to become  
vici\s & sickly1 b if transport$ to     
c\ntry homes !y may gr[ up /rong &      
self-respect+ m5 & wom54  ,!re are      
hundr$s ( applicants = e position 9 !   
cities1 & competition =ces ! pay d[n to 
! l[e/ level4 ,liv+ exp5ses are heavi]4 
,! risk to heal? f s$5t>y occupations1  
long h\rs 9 ill-v5tilat$ (fices1 /ores1 
& work%ops is s]i\s4  ,!re are few      
inducem5ts to out-door ex]cise4 ,ev5 if 
he lives at home1 ! boy :o is =c$ to !  
/reet or into ! factory be=e he has !   
/r5g? or education to d good "w rema9s  
an unskill$ work] all 8 life4           
,manufactur+ is ^u a l>g] & l>g] scale4 
,! division ( labor is great] & great]4 
,n only does ! gulf betwe5 capitali/ &  
labor] wid51 b ) x ! gulf betwe5 skill$ 
& unskill$ labor4 7,:at ,%all ,our ,boys
 ,d = a ,liv+8 ,*>les ,f4 ,w+ate47  ,x  
is ! city t bre$s or attracts mo/ ( !   
paup]ism & crime4 ,! c\ntry has its own 

heal?y life4  ,e "o is born ) "s natural
 gift1 & x is a good ?+ to discov] e>ly 
9 life :at "o's natural gifts are s t   
ea* may be educat$ 9 ! direction suit$  
to natural capacity4  ,h[ are y to treat
 a lad :o has naturally an incl9ation = 
! "w on ! f>m8 ,9 ! fir/ place d n      
provide him ) any sp5d+ money unless he 
e>ns x4 ,! prime ?+ necess>y is to give 
! boy a p]sonal int]e/ 9 :at is go+ on  
^u ! f>m4 ,give him a plot ( l& z 8 own1
 let him und]/& t any?+ he may gr[ ^u   
?is l& %all belong to him1 b d n give   
him ?is plot & say1 ,!re1 take t2 d z y 
l ) x1 he w wond] :at to d ) x4 ,he w   
ne$ somebody to help him by tea*+ him   
:at he is to d4 ,ent] into a p>tn]%ip ) 
him at ! />t1 give him "s in/ruction z  
to :at x is be/ = him to d ) 8 plot4    
,f9d out 8 incl9ations2 give him sympa?y
 & help4 ,br+ out 8 natural aptitude =  
f>m+ life1 tea* him me?od 9 8 "w2 tea*  
him to ?9k 8 way out2 &1 be/ ( all1 tea*
 him to "w = def9ite results2 t is :at  
is want$ 9 any l9e ( life1 especially 9 

f>m life4  ,let ! "w ( ! boy h a mean+ &
 a purpose4 ,let him und]/& t c]ta9     
results _c be accompli%$ 9 any o!r way1 
& give him *ances to g outside & see :at
 o!r p are do+4 ,let him see good       
sci5tific agriculture & be enc\rag$ to  
pursue su* me?ods4  ,provide = him ! v  
be/ read+ t c be f\nd 9 agricultural    
j\rnals & books4 ,let him h ?ree or f\r 
ye>s at an agricultural college4 ,all ! 
influ5ces !re po9t to agriculture z !   
be/ call+ = a "y man :o is fit = x1     
:]eas 9 o!r colleges ! influ5ces are all
 9 ! opposite direction4 ,at our        
agricultural colleges a y\? has all !   
necess>y advantages ( g5]al education1 &
 also an education 9 ! l9es fitt+ him   
especially = ! call+ he has select$4    
7,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1
 ,bullet9 #ach1 cond5s$47  ,among f>m]s 
& g>d5]s n en\gh ?\ght is giv5 to ! :ys 
& :]e=es1 or cause & effect2 z a rule1  
!y g on ye> aft] ye> )\t pr(it+ by !    
p]sonal opportunity af=d$ !m (          
obs]vation1 or by ! results ( exp]im5ts 

at sci5tific /ations4  ,) r>e exceptions
 ! "y f>m] & g>d5] takes up 8 "w1 n f ! 
sci5tific side1 b /rictly f ! labor     
side2 & he beg9s at ! bottom1 meet+ !   
same difficulties z did 8 fa!r & too (t5
 n acquir+ in=mation beyond :at 8 fa!r  
possess$4  ,?is %\ld n be2 agriculture  
%\ld be taught 9 all our public s*ools 9
 c\ntry di/ricts1 z x has be5 taught =  
ye>s 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria4 ,x %\ld be    
elevat$ z an art2 9 its high] e/ate x is
 already an art4 ,no pursuit possesses a
 great] scope = developm5t2 ! field is  
almo/ unoccupi$ by lead]s1 sci5tific &  
practical4 7,burnett ,l&re?1 9 #iii     
,qu]ies & ,answ]s47  ,9 accordance ) ^! 
ideas1 ! ,b>on de ,hirs* ,agricultural  
,s*ool at ,woodb9e1 ,new ,j]sey1 is giv+
 practical c\rses 9 agriculture to      
,jewi% boys1 on ! pr9ciple ( individual 
plots--all free :]e necess>y4  ,!       
tru/ees ( ! ,/ate ,agricultural ,college
 ( ,new ,j]sey1 at ,new ,brunswick1 h   
e/abli%$ w9t] c\rses 9 agriculture1 op5 
to all resid5ts ( ,new ,j]sey ov] sixte5

 ye>s ( age4 ,c\rses w be = twelve      
weeks1 & only a small entrance fee is   
requir$2 few books w be ne$$4  ,o!r     
/ates are do+ likewise2 all w ne$ _m    
tea*]s & exp]im5t]s4 ,at pres5t all :o  
"k any?+ ab\t int5sive agriculture are  
snapp$ up by ! num]\s gov]nm5t exp]im5t 
/ations at good sal>ies4 ,! l& l t ( !  
,rockefell]s1 ! ,paynes1 ! ,cutt+s1 on  
:i* f>m+ is c>ri$ on by unnecess>ily    
exp5sive me?ods1 ne$s ! s]vices ( tra9$ 
agriculturi/s & pr(essional =e/]s4 ,!   
,division ( ,=e/ry at ! />t employ$     
elev5 p]sons1 b n[ x has 9 ! field z _m 
hundr$s ( employees1 includ+ a lot (    
tra9$ =e/]s4  ,! railroads also see !   
pr(it 9 tea*+ f>m+1 & are devot+ m & m  
money to exp]im5ts & lectures to %[ !   
f>m]s t !y c get m & bett] crops ) !    
same ef=t by intellig5t selection (     
se$s4  ,! ,*icago1 ,burl+ton1 & ,qu9cy  
,railway ,company ran its fir/ ,se$ &   
,soil ,special ov] ! entire sy/em 9 !   
w9t] ( #aijd-aije1 & has lectur$ to     
hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( f>m]s s9ce4  ,!y      

report to u t !re is no d\bt t !        
lectures did a great deal ( good1 &     
necess>ily ! l>g] increase ( crops :i*  
foll[$ is due to ! sci5tific me?ods (   
f>m+ exp\nd$ by ! v>i\s pr(essors4 ,!   
late ,presid5t ,james ,j4 ,hill wrote   
mu* ab\t ! small f>ms' l>ge yields4  ,! 
hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( w> g>d5s unskillfully 
conduct$ & glutt+ ! local m>kets ) crops
 all matur$ at ab\t ! same local "t w   
unreasonably disgu/ _m ) int5sive       
cultivation1 especially ^? :o "w b d n  
?9k4 ,! rem$y is m in/ruction4 ,! effect
 ! agricultural colleges & exp]im5t     
/ations is pla9 to ! eye 9 ! bett]      
appe>ance ( f>ms z we ne> ! c5t]s (     
in/ruction4  ,"s ye>s ago a cl]gyman    
publi%$ a book ^u ! ,adirondacks2 x 0   
full ( poetry1 & he s5t m5 up !re :o    
aft]w>ds became kn[n z ,murray's ,fools4
 ,!y knew no?+ ab\t ! life & _h no      
suitability & little prep>ation = x4 ,we
 d n wi% to br+ out a crop ( ,?ree      
,acres & ,lib]ty ,fools4 ,we are tell+  
:at has be5 done & :at c be done aga94  

,x does n foll[ t e man c or w d x1 mu* 
less tea* x or advance ! art1 b ! field 
is a l>ge "o & holds out great promise  
to ^? :o p]sev]e & excel 9 x4  ,if any  
"o ?9ks t ! pr(it ( ! e>? w come to !   
cultivator )\t v intellig5t & /eady "w1 
he is mi/ak54 ,no own] ( l&1 unless o!rs
 require x to live ^u1 c make money by  
neglect+ x4  ,says ,maxwell's ,talisman3
 ,! greate/ good t c be done to !       
,am]ican f>m] to-day is to tea* him to  
make ! greate/ possible pr(it f !       
smalle/ tract ( l& f :i* a family c be  
support$ 9 com=t4 ,a great influ5ce     
op]at+ to-day aga9/ keep+ ! boys 9 !    
c\ntry is t ! boy does n h money en\gh  
to buy a f>m4 ,x is un=tunately true t 9
 "s places !re is a tr5d 9 ! direction (
 absorb+ f>ms into /ill l>g] f>ms ) a   
consequ5t dim9ution ( population1 z 9   
,i[a & o!r sections4 ,! rem$y = ?is is  
to demon/rate t if ! value is 9 ! boy r 
?an 9 ! f>m1 & ! boy is taught int5sive1
 div]sifi$1 sci5tific f>m+1 a good liv+ 
) a surplus pr(it t w provide amply =   

old age1 may be made f a comp>atively   
small tract ( l&4 ,! tract may be1 say1 
t5 acres1 ) ample cultivation1          
irrigation1 & f]tilization1 or ev5 )\t  
irrigation because a hoe & a cultivator 
9 ! h&s ( a sci5tific f>m] may br+ z    
good & bett] results 9 provid+ moi/ure =
 gr[+ plants z c be _h f a dit* &       
unlimit$ wat] 9 ! h&s ( an ignorant     
f>m]4  ,! field ( discov]y is always    
limitless1 & x is to ^? boys or girls :o
 devote _! att5tion to ?is t ! greate/  
return w come4 ,:at a f9e ?+ x w\ld be  
to f9d ev5 "o plant free f ru/ 9 ! mid/ 
( a ru/$ field4 ,x w\ld mean a          
ru/-resi/ant plant4 ,its (f-spr+ w\ld   
probably be also ru/ resi/ant4 ,if y    
%\ld ev] f9d su* a plant1 be sure to    
save its se$ & plant 9 a plot by itself4
 ,! next ye> aga9 save se$ f ^? plants  
lea/ ru/$4 ,possibly y c develop a ru/  
pro( race ( :eat6 ,keep y\r eyes op54   
7,agriculture = ,beg9n]s1 by ,burkett1  
,/ev5s1 & ,hill1 pages #gf-gh47 ,s y may
 pluck ga9 out ( loss4  ,if y want to d 

exp]im5ts1 ! influ5ce ( e!r on plants is
 "o new & wond]ful field4 ,x seems to   
induce artificial re/1 s t lilacs1 =    
in/ance1 c be made to bloom twice by a  
treatm5t1 ! la/ "t ne> ,*ri/mas4  ,e4   
,v4 ,wilcox says 9 ,f>m+ t 9 #ahii a    
small quantity ( durum or mac>oni :eat 0
 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry = trial4 ,x 0
 f\nd pr(itable 9 localities :]e !re 0  
too little ra9 = ord9>y :eat4 ,six ye>s 
lat]1 #bj1jjj1jjj bu%els p] ye> ( ! :eat
 0 gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,its         
production has increas$ greatly e season
 & has add$ mat]ially to ! total ( !    
:eat crop44 ,?or\gh fall cultivation has
 be5 f\nd to increase ! yield1 & 9 "s   
p>ts ( ! :eat belt "o 9 five ( ! f>m]s  
has already adopt$ ! practice4 ,9 c]ta9 
/ates :]e manur+ has be5 ?\ght          
unnecess>y1 exp]im5ts h demon/rat$ t !  
yield may be increas$ #fj p] c5t by ?is 
simple practice4 ,! :eat production (   
,nebraska 0 increas$ m ?an #aj1jjj1jjj  
bu%els by ! introduction ( a h>dy /ra9 (
 ,turkey r$ :eat4 ,sw$i% select oats 9  

,wiscons9 h greatly augm5t$ ! oat yield 
( ! /ate4 ,9 #ahii six p\nds ( ! se$ 0  
br\ght to ! /ate & f ?is small beg9n+ a 
crop ( #i1jjj1jjj bu%els 0 h>ve/$ five  
ye>s lat]4  ,mr4 ,gideon1 ( ,m9nesota1  
plant$ _m apple se$s1 & f !m all rais$  
"o tree t 0 v fruitful1 f9ely flavor$1 &
 able to )/& ! cold ,m9nesota w9t]4 ,?is
 tree he multipli$ by grafts & nam$ x ! 
,weal?y apple4 ,x is said t 9 ?is "o    
apple he b5efit$ ! _w to ! value ( m ?an
 "o million doll>s4 ,y mu/ n let any    
valuable bud or se$ v>iant be lo/4      
7,agriculture = ,beg9n]s1 page #fa47    
,?is fact ought to be v helpful to u    
next ye> :5 plant+ corn4 ,we %\ld plant 
se$ secur$ only f /alks t produc$ ! mo/ 
corn4 ,if we foll[ ?is plan ye> by ye>1 
ea* acre ( l& w be made to produce m    
k]nels & h5ce a l>g] crop ( corn1 & yet 
no m exp5se w be requir$ to raise !     
crop4 7,same1 page #ga47  ,! ,_w's ,"w  
tells h[ ! c\ntry got a new indu/ry4    
,mr4 ,george ,gibbs1 ( ,cle>brook1      
,wa%41 has made 8 /ake by gr[+ tulip &  

hyac9? bulbs4 ,he _h a little place on  
,orcas ,isl&1 9 ,puget ,s\nd4 ,he did n 
"k any?+ ab\t gr[+ fl[]s1 b he did "k t 
c]ta9 v>ieties ( bulbs br\ght good      
prices 9 ! ,ea/4 ,he 0 obs]vant en\gh to
 see t ! moi/1 w>m1 climate & ri* soil (
 ! ,puget ,s\nd c\ntry 7 peculi>ly      
favorable to fl[]s4  ,he _h bad luck ) 8
 bulbs2 t only meant t he /ill _h some?+
 to le>n4 ,he kept 8 n]ve ev5 :5 he w5t 
bankrupt4 ,8 fri5ds told him he 0 wa/+  
"t1 b !y c\ld n %ake 8 fai?4  ,9 twelve 
ye>s he f\nd t he 0 "r4 ,8 wond]ful     
g>d5s 7 mak+ him ri*4 ,o!r m5 h gone    
into ! bus9ess1 b he 0 fir/ & has kept 8
 lead4 ,he has made ! ,puget ,s\nd      
c\ntry ! greate/ rival ( ,holl& 9 ! sale
 ( fl[]+ bulbs4  ,quantities ( wild     
h]bs1 fruits1 & roots t no "o eats are  
good2 ! ,jesuits _h a li/ ( ov] two     
hundr$ k9ds t ! ,indians ate1 b x 0 lo/4
 ,"s "o c d a great s]vice by mak+ x up 
aga9 by rese>* & exp]im5t4 ,?\s&s m ( ! 
wild ?+s mu/ be good = dyes1 fabrics1 & 
fodd]4  ,fame l ,burbank's & =tune      

awaits ! "o :o is a good self-adv]tis] &
 c f9d ! use ( ! poetic daisies1        
gold5rod1 & ?i/le1 ! all-p]vad+ pusley1 
& su* o!r vegetable v]m94  ,an int]e/+  
exp]im5t is conduct$ 9 gr[+ tea ) color$
 *ild labor1 at ,tea1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 by !
 aid ( education & ma*9]y & ! coop]ation
 ( ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t at         
,wa%+ton1 :o w furni% p>ticul>s4 ,:atev]
 may be its outcome1 ?is w give an op5+ 
to "s intellig5t cultivators1 & x po9ts 
! way to o!r fields4  ,^? :o are fir/ 9 
rais+ new or improv$ plants f9d a wait+ 
m>ket = !m4  ,! ,m>ket ,gr[]s ,gazette1 
( ,london1 ,engl&1 reports t ,mr4 ,a4   
,f9dlay1 ,mairsl&1 ,au*t]mu*ty1 ,scotl&1
 sold "o season to five lead+ gr[]s ^:  
names are giv5 five se$ potatoes at ,l  
#bj ea* 7:i* w\ld be1 p]haps1 #ejj a    
peck74 ,he says en?usia/ically3 ,x is z 
p]fectly r\nd-%ap$ a potato z c be      
imag9$4 ,!re is a slight da% ( p9k on ! 
out] rim ( ! eye4 ,my /ock ( x is v     
small1 only #abf lb4 & ,i d n c>e to    
sell any4 ,if next ye>'s crop yields z  

well z ?is ye>'s1 we %all h tw5ty times 
t quantity4 ,mr4 ,f9dlay has o!r se$    
potatoes1 j z high pric$1 = :i* he wants
 #abe p] lb41 :i*1 he says1 means t ,i d
 n want to sell any4  ,?is %[s :at      
progressive p ?9k ( ! real value ( good 
se$4  ,x is wor? m5tion+ t ,! l& on :i* 
^! are gr[n is n highly manur$2 ! only  
artificial manure t x has receiv$ is    
ab\t #bjj lb4 ( pota% p] acre4 ,x has ! 
drawback ( be+ r /ony4  ,( c\rse ?is is 
a fad2 x is d\btful if x w pay any "o to
 give su* prices = se$ except to sell to
 "s bigg] fool ?an himself4 ,( c\rse1   
also1 ! m>ket = a p>ticul> fancy ?+ may 
soon be ov]/ock$1 b x seems to be a nice
 ?+ = ! ,f9dlays mean:ile1 & x does good
 9 tea*+ p to appreciate good ?+s4  ,yet
 ! av]age potato pat*] prud5tly saves 8 
small potatoes = next ye>'s se$1 :i* is 
j z if a bre$] 7 to keep ! colts t 7 too
 poor to sell1 to be ! p>5ts ( 8 h]d4   
,9 ! d>k ages ( f>m+--to wit1 9 #ahha1 =
 ?is is a true /ory--a m9i/] ( ! ,gospel
 came into possession1 by inh]itance1 ( 

a fifte5-acre f>m a %ort way f          
,philadelphia4 ,he f\nd ! soil a r$di%1 
some:at gravelly clay1 & s worn out f   
ye>s ( cropp+ t x did n support two c[s 
& a horse4 ,city born & br$1 he 0       
encumb]$ ) no k ( agriculture :i* _h to 
be unle>n$4 ,he began a c>eful &        
sy/ematic /udy ( ! agricultural         
lit]ature1 & ultimately develop$ a novel
 sy/em ( dairy f>m+ to :i* he adh]$     
religi\sly4  ,! f>m ,iy+ ne> ! city is  
high-pric$ l&2 = ?is reason1 & because (
 ! limit$ acreage1 ! c[s 7 kept 9 ! b>n 
! ye> r\nd4 ,= six ye>s 8 bill = vet]9>y
 s]vices 0 #a4ej1 :ile ! income f ! milk
 ( 8 sev5te5 c[s 0 ab\t #bdjj a ye>4 ,9 
addition1 f f\r to six head ( "y cattle 
7 sold annually1 nett+ ab\t #ejj a ye>4 
,z ! /ock on ! f>m 0 /all f$ e p>ticle (
 plant food conta9$ 9 ! /able manure1   
liquid z well z solid1 0 utiliz$4 ,no   
f]tiliz] 0 ev] pur*as$4 ,yet all ( !    
r\ghage = ?irty head ( /ock 0 rais$ on !
 ?irte5 acres ( available soil4 ,only   
#fbe a ye> 0 exp5d$ = conc5trat$ fe$+   

/uffs4 ,! net e>n+s ( ! f>m = ! p]iod   
av]ag$ m ?an #ajjj a ye>4 ,& ?is 0 dur+ 
! e>ly days ( 8 exp]i5ce2 lat] he made  
m4  ,pr(essor ,w4 ,j4 ,spillman1 ( !    
,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 visit$ him 9   
#aijc1 & /udi$ ! me?ods employ$4 ,!n1 he
 says1 ! ru% to see ! f>m became s great
 t ! own] _h to give x up4  ,few p :o "k
 no?+ ab\t x1 & won't le>n1 c take ev5  
?ree acres & make any?+ (f x4 ,to get ! 
ph5om5al yields takes capital--sometimes
 l>ge capital1 wisely sp5t4 ,sometimes  
we read ( imm5se products p] acre2 ?is  
(t5 means ! product ( a s+le rod (      
gr\nd1 ?is gives at ! rate ( s mu* p]   
acre1 or might1 if ext5d$4  ,b any "o c 
take a little bit ( gr\nd & use x       
?or\ghly & increase 8 bord]s & 8 k z he 
goes on4 ,he w f9d pl5ty to pay him =   
do+ or tea*+ :atev] he has le>n$ to d t 
no "o else has done ,if a man make b a  
m\setrap bett] ?an 8 fell[s1 ?\gh he    
makes 8 t5t 9 ! wild]ness1 ! _w w beat a
 pa? to 8 door4  ,! mission ( ?is book  
is accompli%$ if x int]e/s y to consid] 

! possibilities ( mak+ a liv+ on a few  
acres & leads y to inve/igate4 ,x is n  
writt5 z a textbook1 =1 z has be5 %[n1  
!re are au?orities en\gh cit$ to supply 
all ! te*nical in=mation ne$$4  ,its    
sole object is to %[ :at has be5 done & 
:at c be done on small areas & to %[ t  
life 9 ! c\ntry ne$ n be s labori\s if !
 same me?ods are us$ :i* make successes 
( bus9ess 9 o!r l9es4  ,if x does ?is & 
is ! means ( *eck+ 9 any degree !       
reckless tr5d ( p f ! c\ntry to !       
cities1 ! au?or w feel t 8 ef=ts h be5  
well repaid4     ,,*apt] ,,xxii  ,,!    
,,wood ,,lot   ,if y h a bit ( woods on 
y\r little f>m1 take c>e ( x4 ,by       
intellig5t ?9n+ y c make an av]age      
income ( five doll>s p] acre f ord9>y   
second gr[? wild woods4 ,! cord wood1   
b>rel hoops1 f5ce po/s1 & s on w        
decrease y\r exp5ses1 :ile ! timb] w    
increase 9 value4 ,t lot is ! place to  
/>t y\r boy z a =e/]4  ,in/ructions h[  
to treat ! trees c be obta9$ f y\r ,/ate
 ,=e/ry ,dep>tm5t or f ! ,national ,=e/ 

,s]vice at ,wa%+ton3 ! c>e ( gr[+ timb] 
is a big subject & requires /udy1 b     
don't sell y\r /&+ timb] )\t _! advice4 
,=e/ry c h>dly be made to pay on a small
 lot ) hir$ labor or hir$ teams1 & y mu/
 n pay mu* = y\r wood lot1 else int]e/ &
 taxes w eat up ! returns4  ,to be (    
high quality1 timb] mu/ be1 to a        
consid]able proportion ( its height1    
free ( limbs1 :i* are ! cause ( knots2 x
 mu/ be tall2 & x mu/ n decrease rapidly
 9 diamet] f ! butt to ! top ( ! la/    
log4 ,9 a d5se /& ( timb] !re is v great
 competition = sunlight among !         
individual trees1 ) ! result t height   
gr[? is increas$4 ,trees 9 cr[d$ /&s are
 tall] ?an ^? 9 uncr[d$ /&s ( ! same    
age4 ,:5 ! trees are cr[d$ s t sunlight 
does n rea* ! l[] bran*es1 ^! soon die &
 become brittle !y !n fall (f or are    
brok5 (f by ! w9d1 sn[1 or o!r ag5cies4 
,by ?is process trunks are =m$ :i* are  
free f limbs1 & h5ce ( high quality4  ,x
 is evid5t1 !re=e1 t trees 9 ! wood lot 
%\ld be s cr[d$ t ! cr[n or top ( ea*   

individual tree may be 9 contact ) ^? ( 
its ne>e/ neighbors4 ,a cr[d$ /& ( trees
 produces n only a l>g] numb] b also a  
great] proportion ( high quality sawlogs
 ?an an uncr[d$ /&4 ,s vital a matt] is 
_! =e/ %ade t x does n d to set out "y  
trees :i* h gr[n 9 ! =e/4 ,ord9>ily1 !  
exposure to ! sunlight /unts !m & (t5   
kills !m4 ,nurs]y trees are be/2 ! next 
be/ are trees t h gr[n at ! edge ( !    
woods4  ,! actual value ( woodl& z      
pa/ure is small4 ,"o doll> p] acre p]   
ye> is probably a lib]al e/imate ( !    
value ( its =age4 ,?rifty fully /ock$   
/&s ( timb] w gr[ at ! rate ( #bej or m 
bo>d feet ( lumb] p] ye>4 ,adopt+ only  
#bej bo>d feet z ! gr[? & assum+ ! value
 ( ! /&+ timb] to be f #e to #h p] #ajjj
 feet bo>d measure1 ! value ( ! timb]   
gr[? is f #a4be to #b p] acre p] ye>4   
,if ! timb] is giv5 good c>e1 moreov]1 !
 gr[? %\ld be z mu* z #ejj bo>d feet p] 
acre p] ye>4 ,! l>g] value ( ! wood lot 
= gr[+ timb]1 z comp>$ to ! value ( its 
=age only1 is !re=e app>5t4  ,x mu/ n be

 ?\ght possible to secure ?is gr[? (    
timb] & utilize ! wood lot = pa/ure at !
 same "t1 because ! /ock eat ! se$l+s & 
damage ! trees4  ,if %ade1 h[ev]1 r ?an 
=age is ! wood lot's *ief value to /ock1
 x c d\btless be provid$ by all[+ ! /ock
 to range 9 only a portion ( ! lot4 ,!  
rema9d] c m pr(itably be devot$ to !    
production ( wood4  ,own]s are d\btless 
9 "s in/ances indiff]5t ab\t fires 9 _! 
wood lots1 because !y d n realize t ^!  
may d great h>m )\t giv+ /rik+ evid5ce (
 ! fact4 ,!y burn ! fall5 leaves &      
accumulat$ litt] ( sev]al ye>s1 ?us     
de/roy+ ! mat]ial ) :i* trees enri* _!  
own soil4 ,! soil becomes expos$1       
evaporation is great]1 & m ( ! ra9 &    
melt$ sn[ runs (f ! surface4 ,! roots   
may also be expos$ & burn$4 ,! vitality 
( ! trees is weak5$ & _! rate ( gr[?    
decreas$4 ,don't burn leaves or wa/e    
gr[?3 x is dang]\s & !y are valuable =  
mul* & = manure4  ,x has be5 f\nd 9 !   
prairie region t ?r\gh ! protection     
af=d$ by ! mo/ effici5t grove w9dbreaks1

 ! yield 9 f>m crops is increas$ to !   
ext5t ( a crop z l>ge z c\ld be gr[n on 
a /rip ?ree times z wide z ! height ( ! 
trees4  ,at pres5t ! foll[+ /ates ma9ta9
 nurs]ies & di/ribute "y trees ei!r free
 or practically at co/ to plant]s )9 !  
/ate3 ,ma9e1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,v]mont1   
,new ,york1 ,m>yl&1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1
 ,mi*igan1 ,nor? ,dakota1 & ,kansas4  ,!
 names ( nurs]ies :i* h&le /ock ( c]ta9 
trees & _! quot$ prices = all ! m       
important species c be secur$ f ! ,=e/  
,s]vice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4  ,:e!r y\r   
wood lot pays a pr(it or n1 l ! pr(it f 
! re/ ( y\r l&1 dep5ds l>gely on h[ x is
 tax$4 ,! high] x is tax$ ! h>d] x is to
 make x pay4 ,9 mo/ /ates timb]l& is    
assess$ on ! basis ( its value1 timb] & 
l& toge!r4 ,woodl& assess$ on ?is basis 
is ov]tax$ z comp>$ ) l& assess$ on !   
basis ( :at x produces ea* ye>4 ,! value
 ( pl[l& = f>m purposes is e/abli%$ by  
:at x w e>n4 ,if ! own] c make #aj an   
acre a ye> ov] all exp5ses by gr[+ say  
:eat1 corn1 cotton or alfalfa on x1 8 l&

 w h a value ( p]haps #aej an acre4 ,if 
x took two ye>s to gr[ a crop1 ! l& w\ld
 be wor? only half z mu*4 ,its own] 9 t 
case w\ld kick vigor\sly if he c\ld n   
get 8 assessm5t l[]$4 ,he w\ld kick /ill
 m vigor\sly if he _h to pay a tax also 
on ! value ( ! /&+ crop1 aft] hav+ to   
pay too mu* on ! l&4 ,! ,"l love? a     
*e]ful kick]4  ,) woodl& ! case is /ill 
worse4 ,ea* ye> ! own] may h to pay a   
tax on ! m]*antable crops ( _m pa/ ye>s4
 ,x is z ?\gh ! own] ( pl[l& _h to pay a
 tax on ! value ( 8 field crops twice a 
week ?r\gh\t ! gr[+ season4 ,:5 a       
full-gr[n tree is cut d[n or burn$ up 9 
a =e/ fire1 x may h be5 tax$ #dj or #ej 
times ov]4 ,ea* ye> ! l& on :i* x grew  
has be5 valu$ n on ! basis ( its e>n+   
p[]1 b on ! basis ( :at x w\ld br+ if   
sold1 timb] & all4 ,a tax levi$ on !    
income-e>n+ value ( ! l& w\ld be mu* m  
equitable4  ,c]ta9 /ates h appli$ ?is   
pr9ciple by legislation "u :i* l& to be 
us$ = gr[+ timb] c be classifi$ s t !   
timb] c be tax$ sep>ately f ! l&4 ,! l& 

!re is tax$ annually on its value1 )\t  
timb]4 ,! tax on ! timb] is n paid until
 ! crop is h>ve/$4 ,x is !re=e a tax on 
! yield4 ,9 ,new ,york ?is yield tax is 
#e p] c5t ( ! value ( ! crop h>ve/$2    
,mi*igan #e p] c5t ( x2 ,massa*usetts #f
 p] c5t2 & ,v]mont1 ,connecticut1 &     
,p5nsylvania #aj p] c5t1 ) diff]5t      
provisions = =e/s already e/abli%$4     
,su* a me?od is mu* bett] ?an t adopt$  
by a numb] ( /ates :i* exempt1 "u c]ta9 
conditions1 re=e/$ or re=e/+ l&s = a t]m
 ( ye>s1 or all[ rebates or b\nties on  
su* l&s4  ,! pr(it ( a gr[+ =e/ crop w  
dep5d l>gely on relief f excessive      
taxation4 ,x is un?rifty public policy  
to disc\rage putt+ wa/e l& to "w4 7,!   
,f>m ,woodlot ,problem1 by ,h]b]t ,a4   
,smi?1 ,editor ,=e/ ,s]vice--f ,ye>book 
( ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture = #aiad47    
,,*apt] ,,xxiii  ,,"s ,,practical       
,,exp]im5ts   ,! ,dep>tm5t (            
,agriculture at ,wa%+ton1 also ,cornell 
,univ]sity & v>i\s o!r s*ools publi%    
special /udies & monographs ( diff]5t   

bran*es4 ,= "s a small *>ge is made1 b  
!y are mo/ly di/ribut$ free4 ,_m ( !m   
are v valuable4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates        
,dep>tm5t's pamphlet on ! ,diseases ( ! 
,violet is a notable example4 ,! av]age 
p]son does n "k h[ ^! c be obta9$ or ev5
 t !y exi/4  ,! ,dep>tm5t's ,ye> ,books 
are mo/ int]e/+ read+1 & bo? its        
,pr(essors & ! /ate colleges w answ]    
p>ticul> que/ions ( citiz5s4  ,^! & !   
v>i\s ,unit$ ,/ates & ,/ate ,exp]im5t   
,/ation publications w s]ve in/ead ( mo/
 books 7except ?is "o71 if prop]ly fil$1
 index$1 & cross9dex$ s t y c readily   
turn to all ! in=mation on a giv5       
subject--on bugs1 = in/ance1 be=e !     
insects h h>ve/$ y\r crop4  ,i am try+  
only to sugge/ ?+s1 n to advise1 nor to 
induce my read]s to try to d any?+ t !y 
don't l or h no capacity =4 ,x is       
difficult to make p und]/& t4  ,"o read]
 ( ?is book1 a de> creature1 wrote h]   
exp]i5ce = a ,crafts magaz9e4 ,%e got ! 
acres1 built h] h\se1 & rais$ "o f9e    
crop (--swans8 nuts graft$ on wild      

trees8 p>tridge b]ries8 ,no--?ree tons (
 hay6  ,%e call$ x ,?ree ,acres & ,/>v+2
 ,i call$ x ,?ree ,acres & ,/upidity4   
,%e didn't eat ! hay1 & ! ,editor       
w\ldn't publi% my reply4  ,ev]ybody     
raises hay & potatoes2 s don't y raise  
any unless = y\r own use4  ,potatoes are
 a labori\s crop1 requir+ con/ant c>e1  
manur+1 cutt+ ! se$ eyes 7on :i* !re is 
mu* unc]ta9 lore71 hill+ up or d[n      
accord+ to dra9age & ra9fall1 spray+ )  
,pyrox or du/+ ) ,p>is gre51 &1 nei!r   
lea/ nor la/1 bug hunt+4  ,! se$ is     
exp5sive1 b = y\r own use y may plant f 
:atev] se$1 o!rwise wa/$1 may gr[ on !  
potato v9e1 on ! tops ( ! plants4 ,!    
crop w be small potatoes & all k9ds (   
v>ieties1 :i* won't sell 9 ! m>ket b :i*
 make ea* d9n] a surprise p>ty4 ,y may  
/rike a new & improv$ /ra91 ?\gh !re are
 ov] a ?\s& v>ieties ( potato li/$      
already4 ,new creations ( m]it br+ good 
returns1 & 'tis ! ent]pris+ exp]im5t] t 
reaps ! honor & ! h>ve/1 & he is wor?y (
 8 rew>d4  ,to select ! mo/ productive  

plants & bre$ aga9 f ^! is1 h[ev]1 a m  
promis+ pr(it plan4 ,ev5 !n don't plant 
! tub]s unless y w take ! pa9s to soak !
 se$ potatoes 9 scab prev5t]4 ,if y     
won't1 likely y w raise mo/ly scab1 & ! 
spores !re( w spoil y\r gr\nd = potatoes
 = ye>s4  ,x co/s little 9 money to make
 x--half a p9t ( =mal9 to fifte5 gallons
 ( wat]4 ,n guess$ b measur$ gallons4   
,!n soak = an h\r & a half by ! ,+]soll4
 ,don't reckon t "o little h\r or a few 
w d j z well4 ,) "o h\r !y w be "u-done 
& spotty1 ) ?ree ov]-done & weakly4     
,!re is lots to be discov]$ yet ab\t !  
spuds4 ,sawdu/ is an excell5t mul* = !m1
 z = small fruits4 ,:5 y /ore any se$s  
to plant1 put c>bolic mo? balls ) !m4 ,x
 *ecks insects & mice & helps to protect
 ! plant$ se$s f birds4  ,9 a g5]al way1
 ) potatoes & ) o!r ?+s t y want good & 
pl5ty1 get specific directions & foll[  
!m4 ,mo/ p won't read directions2 m c't 
foll[ !m4 ,^? p h _! knives out = book  
f>m]s & pr(essors1 b y c't improve on   
exp]i5ce & exp]im5t by ! light ( laz9ess

 or ( nature4  ,a delicate jelly is made
 out ( ! r$ out] pulp ( rose b]ries4 ,x 
w\ld be romantic to develop a ,rose     
fruit f ^? se$ pods1 z ! pea* 0 develop$
 f ! almond4 ,we h inv5t$ /rang] fruits 
?an t1 su* z ! ,logan-b]ry & ! pomato4  
,b !re is bett] *ance = pr(it 9 do+ !   
old ?+s bett]1 especially :5 ! exp]im5t 
co/s little or no?+4  ,y c h a /rawb]ry 
g>d5 on y\r ro( or ev5 on a balcony4    
,?is ne$ n be co/ly4 ,cl9* all ! nails  
on ! inside ( a /\t b>rel4 ,bore half a 
doz5 two-in* holes 9 ! bottom1 or put 9 
a lay] ( /ones1 = dra9age4 ,bore a r[ ( 
eight holes ab\t eight in*es f ! bottom 
( ! b>rel & ab\t eight in*es ap>t4      
,eight in*es above ?is bore a second r[ 
( holes /agg]$1 & a ?ird eight in*es    
above ^?4 ,pile sev]al old tomato cans )
 p]=at$ bottoms "o on ! o!r 9 ! c5t] ( !
 b>rel3 ^! %\ld be ! height ( ! b>rel & 
plac$ upright 9 its middle4 ,?is is !   
conductor d[n :i* wat] %\ld be p\r$ at  
int]vals be=e ! soil gets q dry4 ,fill !
 b>rel ) soil made ( "o half loam & "o  

half well-rott$ manure4 ,be sure !      
manure is n fre%4 ,a little bone meal is
 a good addition4  ,n[ plant ! fir/ r[ (
 /rawb]ry plants 7ev]-be>+ are be/1 ?\gh
 !y don't ev]-be>74 ,put ea* plant      
inside1 spread ! roots1 & pull ! leaves 
( ea* out ?r\gh "o ( ! holes4 ,press !  
soil d[n firmly ar\nd ea* root4 ,repeat 
! process = ! o!r two r[s2 fill ! b>rel 
& set say six plants on ! top4 ,t w give
 y ?irty plants1 :i* %\ld gr[ t5 to     
tw5ty-five qu>ts ( f9e b]ries1 or m4 ,! 
illu/ration makes ! holes twelve in*es  
ap>t--= big leafy plants4  ,if !re are  
any m1 ^? w be y4 ,anyh[1 y w "k a lot  
ab\t /rawb]ries at ! end ( ! season4    
,o!r ?+s c be gr[n 9 ! same way4  ,bett]
 ?an gr[+ vegetables1 or :]e dry l& c't 
be obta9$1 is to raise "s crop l wat]   
cress t usually comes f a di/ance4  ,(t5
 an o!rwise poor season w help a        
specialty4 ,"o ye> wet wea!r jump$ !    
price ( m9t & x sold at d\ble prices4   
,hot1 dry wea!r is requir$ to make x    
produce its be/4  ,mo/ ( ! m9t produc$ 9

 ?is c\ntry = pepp]m9t oil is gr[n 9    
,mi*igan4 ,m ?an #djjj acres are report$
 f a s+le c\nty4 ,m9t oil is wor? ab\t  
#c4ej a p\nd & co/s ab\t a doll> to     
produce4 ,nice bright dri$ leaves sell =
 ab\t #ae c5t a p\nd4  ,! production (  
m9t is sometimes z high z fifty p\nds ( 
oil to ! acre4 ,! bulk ( x is gr[n on   
m>%l&s1 :i* a few ye>s ago 7 n[h]e wor? 
m ?an a few doll>s an acre4 ,! m9t is   
s5t to ! manufactur]s1 :]e x is purifi$ 
& made into flavor+ extract or us$ 9    
*ew+ gum1 etc4  ,:y %\ld we1 ) our      
inf9ite v>iety ( climates1 soils1 &     
labor1 import f ,engl& ! co>s] v>ieties 
( se$s ( ! cabbage family1 savoy1       
,brussels spr\ts1 kohlrabi1 or kale8 ,we
 owe ,engl& en\gh already = ! se$ (     
,lib]ty we got f h]4 ,cali=nia n[       
supplies "s se$ = onions1 c>rots1       
p>snips1 & a few o!rs4 ,! f9e/ caulifl[]
 comes mo/ly f ,d5m>k n[4  ,turnip se$1 
too1 mangel-wurzel & sw$es1 onion1 pea1 
bean1 c>rot1 p>snip1 radi%1 & beet se$s 
c\ld be gr[n "h by ! same skill1 c>e1 & 

tra9+ z !y are gr[n abroad4  ,an int]e/+
 me?od ( =c+ plants by ! use ( hot wat] 
ba?s is describ$ 9 ,la ,nature 7,p>is71 
by ,h5ri ,c\p94 ,! process is mu* simpl]
 ?an o!rs n[ 9 use & may be employ$ by  
any "o :o has a small gre5h\se1 no exp]t
 treatm5t be+ necess>y4 ,says ,mr4      
,c\p93  ,mo/ trees 9 our c\ntries und]go
 a p]iod ( re/1 dur+ :i* all gr[? appe>s
 to be susp5d$4 ,bran*es d n enl>ge & ! 
buds on !m rema9 z !y are4 ,!y d n ar\se
 f _! torpor until spr+1 fir/1 because  
!y !n f9d ! conditions necess>y = _!    
developm5t1 & aga91 because1 dur+ !     
p]iod ( re/1 *emical *anges h tak5 place
 9 !m4 ,^! are indisp5sable1 because if 
!y did n occur1 ! trees1 ev5 9 ! mo/    
favorable conditions1 w\ld n op5 _!     
buds4 ,= example1 plant bran*es t h q   
rec5tly dropp$ _! leaves1 9 a w>m       
gre5h\se4 ,!y w n bud2 b make ! same    
exp]im5t at ! end ( sev]al mon?s & !    
buds w appe>4  ,!re are sev]al ways (   
%ort5+ ?is p]iod ( re/1 "s ( :i* are r  
odd4 ,! be/ kn[n is ! process (         

e!rification1 :i* has be5 s mu* discuss$
 rec5tly1 & :i* consi/s 9 plac+ ! plants
 to be =c$ 9 ! vapor ( e!r or *lor(orm =
 tw5ty-f\r to =ty-eight h\rs4 ,aft]w>ds 
:5 plac$ 9 a ho?\se1 ! bran*es beg9 to  
develop almo/ imm$iately4  ,a v +5i\s   
botani/1 ,hans ,molis*1 pr(essor 9 !    
,univ]sity ( ,prague1 has devis$ a me?od
 ( =c+1 simpl] /ill & q z effective4 ,x 
consi/s 9 plung+ ! bran*es into w>m wat]
 dur+ a "t t v>ies ) ! species4 ,! be/  
me?od is to plunge ! plants 9 a res]voir
 ( w>m wat]1 head d[nw>d1 )\t moi/5+ !  
roots1 :i* w\ld injure !m4 ,aft] a c]ta9
 "t1 ! plants are )drawn1 turn$ "r side 
up ) c>e1 & plac$ 9 a gre5h\se1 :]e !y  
develop at once4  ,! duration ( ! w>m   
ba? %\ld be n9e to twelve h\rs at mo/4  
,! be/ temp]ature is #cj degree to #ce  
degree #hf degree to #ie degree ,f 4 4 4
 ,t is to say1 9 ! majority ( cases1 "o 
may simply employ ! wat] available 9    
ho?\ses1 :i* is j at ! prop] temp]ature4
 ,! process is ?us at ! disposal ( all  
g>d5]s4  ,x %\ld be said t ! good       

effects ( ! hot ba?s are conf9$ to !    
p>ts actually imm]s$ & d n ext5d to !   
:ole plant4 ,?us1 on ! same /em we may  
see develop+ only ! bran*es t h be5     
treat$ ) ! ba?1 :ile ! o!rs rema9       
torpid4 ,?is is easy to v]ify ) ! lilac 
or ! will[4  ,if ,lobn] is to be        
believ$1 we may sub/itute = ! wat] ba?  
"o ( /eam4 ,he has obta9$ good results )
 ! lily ( ! valley4 ,! ?+ is possible1 b
 ! me?od us$ by ,molis* is m practical4 
,h[ %all we expla9 ! good effect ( w>m  
wat] on bran*es 9 a re/+ /ate8 ,we are  
absolutely ignorant ( its me*anism1 z we
 are also 9 ! case ( e!rification4 ,b if
 we knew ev]y?+1 sci5ce w\ld be no long]
 amus+6--,cond5s$1 f ,,! ,,lit]>y       
,,dige/4  ,!re are _m new uses = wat]3  
,x w n be long be=e e truck & e         
comm]cial fl[] g>d5 w h ov]head         
irrigation4 ,?is is m]ely gas pipes     
7seconds reject$ = bl[ holes or porosity
 are usually us$7 support$ on po/s say  
six feet above ! gr\nd4 ,!y are usually 
plac$ p>allel ab\t fifty feet ap>t1 :i* 

w make f\r to ! acre squ>e1 & h a s+le  
r[ ( holes & a h&le on ea* pipe1 s t !  
spray c be turn$ 9 ei!r direction2 ) a  
high-wat] pressure1 (t5 suppli$ by      
gravity1 !y may be f>!r ap>t ) l>g]     
holes4  ,^! n only h sav$ u f fe> (     
dr\ght1 b !y supply ! moi/ure 9 !       
natural mann] & at ! "r "t & increase   
f]tility to an a/oni%+ degree4  ,:5 y   
take a %[] ba? y\rself1 t is ov]head    
irrigation4  ,! gasol9e1 k]os5e1 or     
heavy oil "o man f>m tractor1 s made t x
 c be us$ to pl[1 to climb a side hill1 
to run a saw or a pump1 is ! com+ factor
 9 g>d5 & f>m advance4 ,huge =tune      
awaits ! fir/ manufactur] :o w /&>dize  
x1 *eap5 x1 & specialize on x4 ,! horse 
is ! greate/ c>e & ! greate/ risk on !  
little f>m4 ,he co/s m ?an a tractor    
w\ld1 he is eat+ 8 head (f half ! "t1 he
 c't he work$ ov]time )\t injury1 n ev5 
z mu* z a man c be2 all too soon he     
dies1 m miss$ ?an any memb] ( ! family4 
,:5 ?is is popul>iz$ ! ,?ree ,acres c   
well be ext5d$ to five4     ,,*apt]     

,,xxiv  ,,"s ,,exp]im5tal ,,foods       
,,fifty-,,eight ye>s ago ,abraham       
,l9coln said ,population mu/ increase   
rapidly1 m rapidly ?an 9 =m] times1 &   
ere long ! mo/ valuable ( all arts w be 
! art ( d]iv+ subsi/5ce f ! smalle/ area
 ( soil4 ,no community ^: e memb]       
possesses ?is art c ev] be ! victim (   
oppression 9 any ( its =ms4 ,su*        
community w alike be indep5d5t ( cr[n$  
k+s1 money k+s1 & l& k+s4  ,! future1 x 
seems1 has _m /range di%es 9 /ore = !   
,am]ican /oma*4 ,:e!r y are ri* or "o ( 
! pla9 p t h to "w1 :e!r ! idea ( new   
fanta/ic food appeals to y\r palate or  
to y\r pocketbook1 y w be attract$ by ! 
array ( =eign vi&s ) curi\s names :i* h 
already be5 successfully introduc$ & are
 n[ beg9n+ to be m>ket$ 9 ?is c\ntry4   
,mr4 ,william ,n4 ,taft1 9 ! ,te*nical  
,_w ,magaz9e1 pres5ts ! foll[+ wild m5u 
= ! d9n] table3    ,jujube ,s\p         
,brisket ( ,antelope   ,boil$ ,petsai   
,da%e5 au ,grat9   ,cream$ ,udo   ,soy  
,bean & ,li*ee ,nut ,salad   ,yang ,taw 

,pie   ,mangoes   ,kaki   ,sake4  ,?is1 
he assures u1 is n ! bill ( f>e ( a     
,*9ese eat+ h\se1 nor yet ( a ,japanese 
re/aurant1 x is ! daily meal ( an       
,am]ican family two decades h5ce1 if !  
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture succe$s 9 its  
attempt to introduce a l>ge numb] ( new 
foods to ?is c\ntry = ! dual purpose (  
supply+ new da9ties & r$uc+ ! co/ (     
liv+4 ,uncle ,sam has det]m9$ to        
decrease ! price ( food z mu* z         
possible1 &1 = ?is purpose1 delegat$    
,dr4 ,david ,s4 ,fair*ild1 ,agricultural
 ,explor] 9 *>ge ( ! ,=eign ,plant      
,section ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 
9 p>ticul>1 to see :at c be done ab\t x4
  ,m ?an #cj1jjj fruits & vegetables h  
be5 te/$ by ,uncle ,sam's exp]ts &1     
accord+ to ,dr4 ,fair*ild1 a goodly     
portion ( ! food/uffs :i* h be5 reg>d$ z
 /aples s9ce ! days ( ! fir/ settl] are 
doom$4 ,consid] = example ,jujube ,s\p6 
,m5tion t to ! av]age p]son & he w      
answ]3  ,b ,i ?\ght ! jujube 0 a fruit1 
l an apple4 ,h[ c y make s\p ( x8 ,!    

av]age p]son is "r4 ,! jujube is a      
fruit--b a mo/ rem>kable "o4  ,x is ab\t
 ! size & appe>ance ( a crab apple1 b   
conta9s only a s+le se$4 ,x gr[s on a   
sp9y tree1 long & b>e ( trunk1 ) its    
foliage cropp+ out at ! v top l a royal 
palm ( ! tropics4 ,! jujube itself has  
be5 us$ = ye>s to flavor c&ies & o!r    
confections4 ,b ! ess5ce is v exp5sive &
 comp>atively r>e1 despite ! pr(usion ) 
:i* ! fruit gr[s 9 its native habitat4  
,dr4 ,fair*ild1 h[ev]1 import$ sev]al   
specim5s = ! ,dep>tm5t's g>d5s 9        
,cali=nia1 :]e !y are be>+ prolifically4
 ,! arid s&s ( ! s\?we/1 :]e no?+ b     
cactus & sage-bru% =m]ly w\ld gr[1 h be5
 f\nd to be excell5t soil = ! jujube1 & 
x is ! hope ( ,uncle ,sam's food exp]ts 
to see ! entire ,arizona & ,new ,mexico 
des]ts dott$ ) jujube or*>ds1 ) income  
to _! own]s4 ,! jujube is delici\s eat5 
raw1 b x may be cook$ 9 any mann] 9 :i* 
apples are prep>$1 us$ z a sauce or =   
pie1 pres]v$ or dri$4 ,f9ally1 its juice
 may be us$ z a delici\s & highly       

nutritive fruit bro?4  ,petsai1 or1 z ! 
,*9ese h x1 ,pe-tsai1 is a sub/itute = !
 cabbage4 ,9 appe>ance x is z diff]5t f 
cabbage z c be imag9$4 ,x is tall &     
cyl9drical & its leaves are n>r[1       
delicately curl$1 ) frill$ edges4 ,!    
petsai c1 h[ev]1 be gr[n on any soil :]e
 ! ord9>y cabbage c\ld be cultivat$ & 9 
_m sections :]e ! native vegetable w\ld 
langui%4 ,we are told x is no uncommon  
?+ = a petsai to rea* sixty p\nds 9     
weight4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture        
(ficials1 h[ev]1 advise t x be pluck$ :5
 ab\t eight p\nds 9 weight1 its flavor  
be+ !n ! mo/ delicate & appeal+4  ,?is  
new importation1 ,uncle ,sam's exp]ts   
hope1 w cause a drop 9 ! price ( d9n]s4 
,cabbage long ago ceas$ to be a *eap    
di%4 ,b petsai requires none ( ! c>e :i*
 has to be lavi%$ on cabbage & w ?rive 9
 almo/ any climate & any soil4  ,! soy  
bean1 once />t$1 gr[s wild & yields     
sev]al crops a season4 ,x c be prep>$ 9 
a multitude ( ways1 f bak+ to a delici\s
 salad4 ,accord+ to ,doctor ,yamei ,k91 

! head ( ! ,wom5's ,m$ical ,s*ool ne>   
,pek91 milk c be made f x to co/ ab\t   
six c5ts a qu>t & equal to c[s' milk4 ,x
 w\ld be a bless+ if we c\ld get rid ( !
 sacr$ b unclean c[4 ,"o ( ! /ate dairy 
inspectors told me1 ,we consid] milk a  
fil?y product4  ,x may be rememb]$ t1   
only tw5ty ye>s ago1 almo/ all ! dates  
consum$ "h came f ! oases ( ,arabia & ! 
valley ( ! ,euphrates4 ,to-day !re are m
 ?an a hundr$ v>ieties successfully     
produc$ 9 ,cali=nia & ,arizona4 ,!      
wond]s ( today are ! commonplaces (     
to-morr[1 & !re is no tell+ to :at      
app>5tly impossible l5g?s sci5ce w g to 
relieve p ( ! burd5 !y n[ be> 9 ! price 
( food4 ,x has sc\r$ ! ends ( ! e>? =   
new delicacies & n[ exp]ts w d _! be/ to
 tea* ! p to use !m4  ,h y ev] he>d (   
,:itlo( or ,belgian ,*icory or h y ev]  
d9$ 9 "o ( ! bett] re/aurants ( l>ge    
city :]e !y h s]v$ dur+ ! w9t] mon?s a  
salad compos$ ( gold5 blan*$ oblong     
leaves ab\t #b in*es wide & #e in*es    
long1 only ! out] edges %[+ a fa9t gre58

 ,x is z delicate z ! p]fume ( roses1 z 
crisp z "y lettuce1 z delici\s z        
asp>agus1 & z ornam5tal ^u ! table z !  
fre%e/ fruit4  ,9 =m] ye>s ?is salad _h 
to be import$ & y _h to pay de> = a     
portion ( x1 a good reason :y s few p "k
 x4 ,a ,belgian f>m] locat$ ne> ,new    
,york has gr[n _m ?\s&s ( ^! plants ?is 
pa/ summ]4  ,h[ w\ld y l to gr[ ?is     
da9ty salad "r 9 y\r liv+ room & cut    
sev]al crops f a s+le plant+ la/+ ne>ly 
?ree mon?s8 ,secure an #h-;in* pot &    
plant 9 x #ab roots pack$ 9 light s&y   
soil or pure s&4 ,inv]t ano!r b empty   
#h-;in* pot ov] ?is to keep out ! light1
 place 9 a heat$ room1 wat] daily1 & 9 f
 ?ree to f\r weeks y w f9d full-gr[n    
cr[ns1 beautifully blan*$ ready = cutt+4
 ,six ( su* cr[ns make a l>ge portion1  
suffici5t = an entire family4  ,9 cutt+1
 d n cut too close to ! root1 = ano!r   
gr[? is made directly aft] ! cutt+1 :i* 
matures 9 f ?ree to f\r weeks1 & /ill   
two o!r crops c be gr[n 9 ?is way1 s t f
 a s+le plant+ f\r full crops c be _h4  

,consid]+1 !n1 t eight su* treats c be  
_h = ! co/ ( a s+le doz5 roots1 we c all
 n[ enjoy :at 0 =m]ly a luxury4 ,?is    
me?od is mo/ int]e/+1 = y c wat* ! daily
 progress ( ! gr[? ( ! roots1 fasc9at+  
to "y & old1 & ) ?ree weekly plant+s ( a
 pot ea* ?is treat c be enjoy$ twice a  
week f ! #a/ ( ,febru>y until ,may4  ,= 
^? :o wi% to enjoy x m (t5 or 9 l>g]    
quantities1 we sugge/ ! foll[+3  ,prep>e
 a b$ ( soil #ab in*es deep 9 y\r cell> 
9 a d>k place :]e ! temp]ature is always
 above freez+4 ,plant ! roots z close z 
_! size w p]mit & cov] ! cr[ns ) at lea/
 #c in*es ( soil4 ,on top ( ?is put /raw
 s t :5 ! cr[ns come ?r\gh ! soil !y w n
 /rike ! light4 ,:5 ready to cut1 remove
 ! soil z f> back z ! orig9al root s t y
 c intellig5tly cut ! gr[? to produce ! 
crops to foll[4  ,z a sub/itute = !     
potato ( comm]ce ! ,da%e5 long ago pass$
 ! exp]im5tal /age4 ,x has be5 s]v$ at a
 numb] ( banquets 9 ,wa%+ton1           
,philadelphia1 & ,new ,york4  ,:ile !   
tops ( potatoes are useless z food1 !   

tops ( ! da%e5 make delici\s gre5s1 &   
te/s indicate t good gr[]s c dep5d on a 
crop ( f f\r hundr$ to f\r hundr$ &     
fifty bu%els p] acre4  ,! ,udo is !     
plant int5d$ by ! ,dep>tm5t (           
,agriculture z a sub/itute = asp>agus1 a
 delicacy :i* x closely resembles4 ,x is
 m prolific ?an asp>agus1 gr[s 9 ! same 
soil1 & requires less att5tion4  ,n only
 plants b animals are exp]im5t$ ) by    
,uncle ,sam's exp]ts4 ,(ficials ( !     
,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry claim t be=e 
long we w p>take ( antelope /eak4 ,= !  
antelope has be5 f\nd to be p>ticul>ly  
adapt$ to ! m arid we/]n sections ( !   
c\ntry4 ,& beyond t ! ga/ronomi/ ( !    
future w h to reckon ) lo9 (            
hippopotamus6  ,! l[] valley ( !        
,mississippi is admirably suit$ to ^!   
huge bea/s1 ! fle% ( "o ( :i* equals a  
score ( cattle4 ,african travel$        
epicures ma9ta9 t hippopotamus /eak is z
 t5d] & invit+ z ! *oice/ beef4 ,= ^? :o
 l t sort ( ?+1 x is j ! sort ( ?+ !y   
w\ld l4  ,x seems a bit remote to urge  

hippopotamus on u :o d n yet "k en\gh to
 eat %>ks1 tortoises1 pa9t$ turtles1 or 
ev5 ,engli% sp>r[s4 ,anyh[ ! small g>d5]
 is m likely to succe$ rais+ pheasants  
?an to muss ) a hippopotamus1 at lea/ 9 
! suburbs4 ,pigs are m practical & make 
pretti] pets4  ,our population bids fair
 to approximate two hundr$ million )9 ! 
next fifty ye>s1 &1 because ( !         
exig5cies ( bus9ess1 an increas+ numb] (
 p w be engag$ 9 non-food-produc+       
vocations4 ,^! p1 h[ev]1 are all        
consum]s & mu/ be f$ & clo!d1 & ev5 n[  
,am]ica (f]s ! greate/ m>ket = ! produce
 ( ! f>m t any f>m] 9 any c\ntry has ev]
 _h 9 all hi/ory4  ,"o ( ! com+ ways (  
fe$+ !m is ! discov]y & use ( new foods4
 ,z 9 o!r ?+s1 aft] ! w>1 :e!r we live 9
 a bett] _w or n1 we %all live 9 an     
entirely diff]5t _w1 new ways1 /range   
?\ghts1 & o!r foods4 ,= ! mo/ ( !       
foll[+1 ,bus9ess ,am]ica & ,curr5t      
,op9ion are responsible4  ,= ! creation 
( new crop v>ieties or ! improvem5t ( ^?
 n[ 9 use we mu/ dep5d ^u ! practical   

sci5ti/s :o are engag$ 9 plant bre$+4 ,!
 "w ( "o ( ^!1 ,pr(essor ,buffum1 has   
be5 accompli%$ 9 a region t is app>5tly 
/]ile & :]e plants gr[ only by coax+    
?r\gh artificial moi/ure4  ,8           
plant-bre$+ f>ms ne> ,worl& 9 ! ,big    
,horn ,bas9 ( ,nor!rn ,wyom+ lie at an  
elevation ( #djjj feet1 9 a region (    
almo/ total natural aridity4  ,aft]     
tw5ty ye>s' "w 9 ,we/]n agricultural    
colleges & ,gov]nm5t ,exp]im5t ,/ations1
 ,pr(essor ,buffum *ose 8 pres5t        
location because n[h]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 c\ld he f9d conditions ( soil & climate
 t induce to su* a rem>kable degree !   
break+ up ( species1 & mutation or      
sport+ ( plants4  ,:5 ! mod]n plant     
bre$] seeks to produce some?+ new by    
cross-f]tilization a problem is         
enc\nt]$4 ,= _m ye>s we 7 ignorant ( !  
pr9ciple ^u :i* nature op]at$ 9 ^!      
hybrids or crosses4 ,f9ally a ,bohemian 
prie/ nam$ ,m5del discov]$ ! law4 ,!    
c5tral pr9ciple is t :5 ! se$ produc$ f 
a cross betwe5 two diff]5t species is   

plant$1 ! prog5y breaks up into         
well-def9$ gr\ps4 ,a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( ! 
plants resemble "o ( ! p>5ts1 a small]  
p]c5tage are l ! o!r p>5t1 & ! re/ seem 
to be a bl5d ( bo? p>5ts4 ,^!           
int]m$iates w n bre$ true to !mselves1  
h[ev]2 if se$ f !m is plant$ ! prog5y w 
split up into gr\ps1 %[+ ! same         
p]c5tages z ! fir/ g5]ation to :i* !y   
belong$4 ,?is has be5 g5]ally accept$ by
 sci5ti/s4  ,9 _m ( 8 productions       
,pr(essor ,buffum app>5tly has set !    
,m5delian law at defiance1 =1 by        
cross-f]tilization1 he has evolv$ plants
 :i* bre$ true to !mselves1 & _! prog5y 
does n break up into gr\ps1 accord+ to !
 accept$ !ory4 ,!y %[ specim5s resembl+ 
ea* p>5t1 ) ! ?ird compos$ ( seem+ly1 b 
n really1 bl5d$ specim5s4  ,^! results  
are p>ticul>ly vital 9 ! developm5t (   
plants adapt$ by selection = semi-arid  
agriculture4 ,! ,pr(essor believes t !  
great areas ( high pla9 c\ntry to be    
f\nd f ,canada to ,mexico c be made m   
productive ?r\gh plant+ crop v>ieties t 

h be5 br$ to )/& ! exi/+ conditions :i* 
produce meagre returns f ! va/ expanse (
 t]ritory "u ! pres5t me?ods4  ,9 place 
( corn1 :i* is difficult to mature ev5  
at mod]ate elevations1 ,pr(essor ,buffum
 has introduc$ improv$ emm]s & ! v>i\s  
hybrids result+ f crosses ) o!r gra9s4  
,emm] itself is n a new gra91 hav+ be5  
gr[n = c5turies 9 ,russia & s\!rn       
,europe1 & x is believ$ to h be5 ! corn 
( ,pl9y1 :i* he said 0 us$ by ! ,lat9s =
 sev]al c5turies be=e !y knew h[ to make
 bread4  ,sev]al ye>s ago emm] began    
receiv+ att5tion z a /ock food4 ,! fir/ 
plant+ ( ! gra9 at ,worl& result$ 9 "s  
exceptional sports1 seem+ly ( a diff]5t 
type1 ) co>se /raw & v l>ge heads4 ,)   
?is z a basis1 ! se$ 0 replant$ &       
subject$ to _m exp]im5ts to increase its
 dr\? & w9t] resi/+ qualities4 ,cont9u$ 
selections h %[n1 a yield ( f a ?ird m  
to twice z mu* z corn1 t x is ?irty p]  
c5t m valuable ?an oats = fe$+ horses1 &
 t = /ock fatt5+ x is equal to corn1    
p\nd = p\nd4 ,x is ! mo/ dr\?-resi/ant &

 prolific ( small gra9s1 has be5        
successfully rais$ f ,montana to        
,mexico1 & is be+ plant$ 9 ,l\isiana to 
replace oats because x is n affect$ by  
ru/4  ,"s ( ! yields record$ are        
enorm\s1 v>y+ f #dj to #ajd bu%els p]   
acre "u dry f>m+1 & z high z #aeb bu%els
 "u irrigation4  ,"o /alk ( ,turkey r$  
:eat 0 notic$ z diff]+ 9 _m ways f all  
v>ieties1 pr9cipally t ! head 0 ov]     
eight in*es 9 l5g?1 :]eas ! ord9>y      
,turkey r$ :eat commonly us$ 9 ! ,we/   
has a head ( only f\r or five in*es4  ,f
 ?is "o /alk has be5 develop$ ! ,buffum 
,no4 #ag ,w9t] :eat4 ,! heavy be>ds 7   
elim9at$ & ! gra9s or k]nels 9 ea*      
spikelet increas$ f ! normal numb] (    
?ree to five1 sev51 & ev5 n9e4 ,!       
h>d9ess ( ! new v>iety1 toge!r ) its    
rem>kably l>ge head1 means t :5 x is    
plac$ on ! m>ket ! f>m]s :o s[ x ne$ n  
fe> w9t] kill+ & w h a spl5did fl\r+    
gra91 :i* w produce ne>ly d\ble ! av]age
 crop p] acre4  ,x is said t if a s+le  
k]nel c\ld be add$ to ea* head ( :eat1 !

 increase 9 annual production ( ?is     
c\ntry w\ld am\nt to ov] fifte5 million 
bu%els4  ,if fodd] crops c be sub/itut$ 
= a "p ( ! corn n[ us$ = /ock1 x w be a 
great ga94  ,9 8 alfalfa-bre$+ g>d51    
,pr(essor ,buffum is rais+ ov] sev5ty   
diff]5t k9ds1 ga!r$ f all p>ts ( ! _w1  
%[+ t ! plant is capable ( wide         
v>iations4 ,"o hybrid has be5 obta9$ by 
cross+ sweet clov] ) alfalfa2 ! clov]   
gr[s wild 9 e /ate 9 ! ,union4  ,!re    
seems to be no limit to man's +5uity &  
skill 9 plant improvem5t4 ,p]haps       
sometime we w try x ) our *ildr54  ,9   
?irty ye>s an exceptional e> ( d5t corn1
 ?r\gh cont9u$ plant+ & c>eful selection
 ea* succe$+ season1 result$ 9 a few    
days' %ort5+ ( ! gr[+ p]iod & an        
increas$ resi/ance to ! cool nights ( ! 
high] elevation :]e x 0 "u improvem5t2  
to-day1 ?is corn matures ab\t ! middle (
 ,augu/ at an altitude ( #djjj feet1 &  
has be5 yield+ =ty to sixty bu%els p]   
acre4     ,,*apt] ,,xxv  ,,dri$ ,,truck 
,z a w> measure ! surplus vegetables 9  

_m city m>kets h be5 =c$ by ! gov]nm5ts 
into l>ge municipal dry+ plants4        
,community dri]s h be5 e/abli%$ 9 !     
truck+ regions & ev5 it9]ant dry+ ma*9es
 h be5 s5t f f>m to f>m dry+ !          
vegetables :i* o!rwise w\ld h gone to   
wa/e4  ,! dry+ ( vegetables may seem    
/range to ! pres5t g5]ation1 b we are v 
"y2 to our gr&mo!rs x 0 no novelty4 ,_m 
h\sewives ev5 to-day pref] dri$ sweet   
corn to ! cann$1 & f9d also t dri$      
pumpk9 & squa% are excell5t = pie mak+4 
,snap beans (t5 are /rung on ?reads &   
dri$ above ! /ove4 ,*]ries & raspb]ries 
/ill are dri$ on bits ( b>k = use in/ead
 ( rais9s4  ,?is c\ntry is produc+ l>ge 
quantities ( p]i%able foods e ye>1 :i*  
%\ld be sav$ = /orage1 cann$1 or prop]ly
 dri$4 ,dry+ is n a panacea = ! wa/e    
evil1 nor %\ld x take ! place ( /or+ or 
cann+ to any consid]able ext5t :]e prop]
 /orage facilities are available or t9  
cans or glass j>s c be obta9$ *eap4  ,= 
! f>m]'s wife ! new me?ods ( cann+ are  
probably bett] ?an sun dry+1 :i*        

requires a some:at long] "t4 ,b dri$    
mat]ial c be /or$ 9 receptacles :i* _c  
be us$ = cann+4 ,!n1 too1 cann$ fruit & 
vegetables freeze & _c be %ipp$ z       
conv5i5tly--9 w9t]4 ,dri$ vegetables c  
be compact$ & %ipp$ or /or$ ) a m9imum (
 risk4 ,/r+ !m up to ! ceil+ ( ! /or]oom
 or attic4  ,a few apples or sweet      
potatoes or peas or ev5 a s+le turnip c 
be dri$ & sav$4 ,ev5 :5 v small         
quantities are dri$ at a "t1 a quantity 
suffici5t = a meal w soon be secur$4    
,small lots ( dri$ vegetables1 su* z    
cabbage1 c>rots1 turnips1 potatoes1 &   
onions1 c be comb9$ to advantage = s\ps 
& /ews4  ,9 g5]al1 mo/ fruits or        
vegetables1 to be dri$ quickly1 mu/ fir/
 be %r$d$ or cut into slices1 because _m
 are too l>ge to dry quickly1 or h sk9s 
! purpose ( :i* is to prev5t dry+ out4  
,if ! air appli$ at fir/ is too hot1 !  
cut surfaces ( ! slic$ fruits or        
vegetables become h>d1 or scor*$1 cov]+ 
! juicy int]ior s t x w n dry4 ,g5]ally 
x is n desirable t ! temp]ature 9 dry+  

%\ld g above #adj deg to #aej deg ,f41 &
 x is bett] to keep x well bel[ ?is     
po9t4 ,insects & insect eggs are kill$  
by ! heat4  ,x is important to "k !     
degree ( heat 9 ! dri]1 & ?is _c be     
det]m9$ accurately except by a !rmomet]4
 ,inexp5sive ov5 !rmomet]s c be f\nd on 
! m>ket1 or an ord9>y *emical !rmomet] c
 be susp5d$ 9 ! dri]4  ,dry+ ( c]ta9    
products c be complet$ 9 "s dri]s )9 two
 or ?ree h\rs4 ,:5 suffici5tly done !y  
%\ld be s dry t wat] _c be press$ out ( 
! fre%ly cut pieces1 !y %\ld n %[ any ( 
! natural gra9 ( ! fruit on be+ brok51 &
 yet n be s dry z to snap or crackle4   
,!y %\ld be lea!ry & pliable4  ,:5      
fre%ly cut fruits or vegetables are     
spread out !y imm$iately beg9 to        
evaporate moi/ure into ! air1 & if 9 a  
clos$ box w v soon saturate ! air )     
moi/ure4 ,?is w sl[ d[n ! rate ( dry+ & 
lead to ! =mation ( molds4 ,if a curr5t 
( dry air is bl[n ov] !m cont9ually1 !  
wat] 9 !m w evaporate /eadily until !y  
are dry & crisp4 ,c]ta9 products1       

especially raspb]ries1 %\ld n be dri$   
h>d1 because if too mu* moi/ure is      
remov$ f !m !y w n resume _! orig9al =m 
:5 soak$ 9 wat]4  ,! rot>y h& slic] is  
adapt$ = use on a v wide range (        
mat]ial4 ,don't slice y\r h& ) x4  ,f an
 eigh? to a qu>t] ( an in* is a fair    
?ickness = mo/ ( ! common vegetables to 
be slic$4 ,to secure f9e quality1 mu*   
dep5ds ^u hav+ ! vegetables absolutely  
fre%1 "y1 t5d]1 & p]fectly clean2 "o    
decay$ root may flavor sev]al kettles ( 
s\p if ! slices f x are scatt]$ ?r\gh a 
bat* ( mat]ial4 ,high-grade root        
vegetables c only be made f peel$ roots4
  ,blan*+ consi/s ( plung+ ! vegetables 
into boil+ wat] = a %ort "t4 ,use a wire
 basket or *eeseclo? bag = ?is4 ,aft]   
blan*+ z _m m9utes z is ne$$1 dra9 well 
& remove ! surface moi/ure f vegetables 
by plac+ !m betwe5 two t[els or by      
expos+ !m to ! sun & air = a %ort "t4   
,a mosquito net is ?r[n ov] ! product to
 protect ! slices f flies & o!r insects4
 ,fruits & vegetables1 :5 dri$ 9 ! sun1 

g5]ally are spread on l>ge trays ( uni=m
 size :i* c be /ack$ "o on top ( ! o!r &
 protect$ f ra9 by cov]s made ( oilclo?1
 canvas1 or ro(+ pap]4  ,a v *eap tray c
 be made ( la? ?ree f\r?s ( an in* ?ick 
& #b in*es wide1 :i* =m ! sides & ends (
 a box1 & smoo!d la? :i* is nail$ on to 
=m ! bottom4 ,z build]s' la?s are #d    
feet long1 ^! la? trays are mo/         
economical ( mat]ial :5 made #d feet 9  
l5g?4  ,a *eap & v satisfactory dri] =  
use ov] ! kit*5 /ove c be made by any   
h&y man ( small-me% galvaniz$-wire nett+
 & la?s or /rips ( wood ab\t #a_/b in*  
?ick & #b in*es wide4 ,by us+ two la?s  
nail$ toge!r ! framework c be /iff5$ &  
l>g] trays made if desirable4 ,?is =m c 
be susp5d$ f ! ceil+ ov] ! kit*5 range  
or ov] a cle> burn+ oil1 gasol9e1 or gas
 /ove1 & x w utilize ! hot air :i* rises
 dur+ ! cook+ h\r4 ,x c be rais$ out ( !
 way or swung to "o side by a pulley or 
by a crane made ( la?4 ,:5 ! /ove is    
requir$ = cook+1 ! frame is l[]$ or     
swung back to utilize ! heat :i* o!rwise

 w\ld be wa/$4 ,/ill ano!r home dri] is 
! cook/ove ov54 ,bits ( food1 left ov]s1
 especially sweet corn1 c be dri$ on    
plates 9 a v sl[ ov5 or on ! back ( !   
cook/ove & sav$ = w9t] use4  ,:]e !     
electric juice is n monopoliz$1 an      
electric fan 9 dry+ is economical1      
especially = ^? :o already h a fan4  ,_m
 slic$ fruits plac$ 9 long trays #c by  
#a foot & /ack$ 9 two ti]s1 end to end1 
be=e an electric fan c be dri$ )9       
tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,"s require mu* less "t4
 ,= in/ance1 slic$ /r+ beans & %r$d$    
sweet potatoes w dry be=e a fan runn+ at
 a mod]ate spe$ )9 a few h\rs4  ,! dri$ 
fruit or vegetables mu/ be protect$ f   
insects & rod5ts1 also f ! outside      
moi/ure1 & w keep be/ 9 a cool1 dry1    
well-v5tilat$ place4 ,9 ! m humid       
regions1 moi/ure-tight conta9]s %\ld be 
us$4 ,if a small am\nt ( dri$ product is
 put 9 ea* receptacle1 j en\gh = "o or  
two meals1 x w n be necess>y to op5 a   
l>ge conta9]4  ,y\r ,am]ican +5uity & ! 
,am]ican practice ( read+ w %[ y a lot (

 ways ( sav+ wa/e3 = example1 froz5     
potatoes are n necess>ily spoil$1 we are
 told by ,mr4 de ,ronsic1 a writ] 9 !   
,reveil ,agricole4 ,!y may be dri$ & !n 
cook$ z usual4 ,! ,revue ,sci5tifique   
7,p>is71 ab/ract+ ! article 9 "q1 says3 
,! potatoes mu/ be dri$ to prev5t       
decomposition1 :i* takes place v rapidly
 aft] !y h ?aw$ out4 4 4 4 ,! ov5 %\ld  
be heat$ z = bak+ bread4 ,!n1 :5 x has  
rea*$ ! necess>y temp]ature1 :i* is     
easily recogniz$1 ! potatoes are put 91 
cutt+ up ! l>ge/4 ,!y are spread out 9 a
 lay] s t evaporation may easily take   
place1 ! door ( ! ov5 be+ left op54 ,f  
"t to "t ! mass is /irr$ up ) a pok] to 
facilitate ! evaporation4 ,:5 ! dry+ has
 gone f> en\gh1 ! potatoes hav+ become  
h>d z bits ( wood1 !y are )drawn to make
 room = o!rs4  ,potatoes ?us dri$ may be
 boil$ ) en\gh wat] to make a pa/e      
simil> to t :i* !y w\ld h furni%$ if    
ma%$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 & :i* w answ] v  
well1 at lea/ to fe$ /ock4 ,! potatoes w
 be f\nd to h lo/ none ( _! nutritive   

value4  ,ev5 if y hav5't any acres--yet1
 !re isn't any law aga9/ dry+ 9 ! city4 
,ei!r 9 sales or 9 sav+ x w help to pay 
= ! c\ntry place lat] & ! c\ntry place c
 be made to pay x back aga94  ,call y\r 
product say ,l&]s' ,desiccat$ ,beans or 
,glory's ,dehydrat$ ,corn4 ,!y w sell   
bett]1 !y may ev5 ta/e bett]1 try+ to   
live up to ! description4 ,!re's doll>s 
9 a "n4  ,z a pres]vative ice mu/ n be  
neglect$4 ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman says3    
,:ile ! temp]ature is bel[ ! freez+ po9t
 we %\ld take advantage ( ev5 %ort fro/s
 to lay up ice = next summ]4 ,! man )\t 
an ice pond ne$ n be1 )\t ice--he c     
freeze x 9 pans outdoors4 ,an ice plant 
( ?is sort w co/ f fifte5 to tw5ty      
doll>s4  ,a d\ble tank %\ld be made (   
galvaniz$ iron4 ,! inn] comp>tm5t ( ?is 
tank %\ld be t5 feet long1 two feet     
wide1 & twelve in*es deep4 ,! top ( !   
tank %\ld be slightly wid] ?an ! bottom4
 ,! inn] tank %\ld be divid$ into six   
comp>tm5ts by means ( galvaniz$ iron    
/rips4 ,! d\ble tank %\ld be plac$ ne> !

 outdoor pump1 or /ream1 :]e x c easily 
be fill$4  ,be+ expos$ on all sides1 !  
wat] w freeze 9 f "o h\r to ?ree h\rs4  
,a bucket ( hot wat] p\r$ into ! space  
betwe5 ! tanks w loos5 ! cakes ( ice1   
ea* weigh+ #bjj p\nds4 ,f\r tons ( ice w
 la/ ! av]age family a ye>4 ,! cakes may
 be pack$ away 9 ! iceh\se z !y are     
froz54     ,,*apt] ,,xxvi  ,,home       
,,cold-,,pack ,,cann+   ,to save        
vegetables & fruits by cann+ is a       
patriotic duty4 ,! w> makes ! ne$ = food
 cons]vation m imp]ative ?an at any "t 9
 hi/ory4 ,am]ica is ma9ly responsible = 
! food supply ( ! _w4 ,9 ?is way !      
abundance ( ! summ] may be made to      
supply ! ne$s ( ! w9t]4  ,by ! mod]n    
cold-pack me?od x is z easy to c        
vegetables z to c fruits4 ,"s au?orities
 say x is easi]4 ,at any rate1 x is m   
useful4  ,9 ! cold-pack me?od ( cann+1  
/]ilization does away ) ! dang] (       
spoilage by f]m5tation or work+4        
,/]ilization consi/s 9 rais+ !          
temp]ature ( ! fill$ j> or c to a       

g]m-kill+ po9t & hold+ x !re until      
bact]ial life is de/roy$4  ,! ^w conta9]
 is us$ to designate ei!r ! t9 c or !   
glass j>4  ,s+le-p]iod cold-pack cann+1 
z di/+ui%$ f old-fa%ion$ pres]v+1 (f]s a
 sav+ 9 "t1 labor1 & exp5se1 &          
satisfactory results4 ,z ! food/uffs are
 plac$ 9 ! conta9]s be=e /]ilization1 !y
 are cold & may be h&l$ quickly &       
easily4 ,!n ! /]ilization p]iod is      
frequ5tly %ort4 ,?is is "t-sav+4        
,f9ally1 no ri* pres]vatives1 su* z ?ick
 syrups or heavily spic$ solutions1 are 
requir$4 ,fruits may be put up 9 ?9     
syrups4 ,vegetables require only salt = 
flavor+ & wat] to fill ! conta9]4       
,ano!r advantage ( ?is me?od is t x is  
practicable to put up food 9 small      
quantities4 ,x pays to put up ev5 a s+le
 conta9]4 ,?us1 :5 !re is a small       
surplus ( "s g>d5 crop1 or some?+ left  
ov] f ! ord] f ! groc]'s1 "o c take !   
%ort "t necess>y to place ?is food 9 a  
conta9] & /ore x = future use4 ,?is is  
true h\sehold effici5cy--! k9d :i*1 if  

practic$ on a national scale1 w cons]ve 
our w> food supply & w1 aft] ! w>1 cut  
heavily into ! high co/ ( liv+4  ,!re   
are five pr9cipal me?ods ( cann+3 7#a7 !
 cold-pack1 s+le-p]iod me?od2 7#b7 !    
int]mitt5t1 or fractional /]ilization   
me?od2 7#c7 ! cold-wat] me?od2 7#d7 !   
op5 kettle or hot-pack me?od2 & 7#e7 !  
vacuum-seal me?od4 ,( ^! ! "o work$ out 
on sci5tific l9es by lead+ exp]ts & us$ 
by _m comm]cial cann]s is s mu* ! be/   
me?od = home cann+1 because ( its       
simplicity & effectiv5ess1 t x is       
recomm5d$ by ! ,national ,em]g5cy ,food 
,commission & ! details are expla9$ 9 _!
 manual4  ,! cold-wat] me?od c be us$   
effectively 9 putt+ up rhub>b1 gre5     
gooseb]ries1 & a few o!r s\r b]ry       
fruits4 ,! process is simple4 ,! fruit  
is fir/ prep>$ & wa%$ & !n blan*$1 &    
f9ally pack$ practically raw 9 conta9]s1
 :i* are next fill$ ) cold wat] & !n    
seal$4 ,"s s\r fruits pack$ 9 ?is way w 
keep indef9itely4  ,a s]viceable outfit 
may be made ( mat]ials f\nd 9 any       

h\sehold4 ,all t is necess>y is a vessel
 to hold ! j>s or cans--su* z a wa%     
boil] or a l>ge t9 pail4 ,?is %\ld h a  
tight-fitt+ cov]4 ,provide a false      
bottom ( wood or a wire rack to all[ =  
free circulation ( wat] "u ! conta9]s4  
,:ile suburban g>d5]s ) l>ge surplus (  
vegetables f9d x desirable to use t9    
cans1 be+ m easily h&l$ = comm]cial     
purposes1 mo/ ( u f9d glass j>s ! m     
satisfactory & economical conta9]s =    
cann$ vegetables & fruits4 ,?is is      
especially true :5 !re is a %ortage ( t9
 cans4 ,all types ( j>s t seal p]fectly 
may be us$4 ,use may be made ( ^? to :i*
 "o is accu/om$ or :i* may be already on
 h&4 ,! rubb]s mu/ be s\nd b ! glass j>s
 may be us$ indef9itely4 ,glass j>s are 
adapt$ = use 9 any ( ! cold-pack cann+  
outfits4 ,be sure t no j> is defective4 
,= use 9 ! /or+ ( products :i* are      
already /]iliz$1 su* z jellies1 jams1 & 
pres]ves1 & ! bottl+ ( fruit juices1    
h\sewives may practice effective ?rift  
by sav+ all j>s 9 :i* !y receive dri$   

beef1 bacon1 peanut butt]1 & o!r        
products & bottles t h conta9$ olives1  
catsup1 & k9dr$ goods4  ,blan*+ is      
important ) mo/ vegetables & _m fruits4 
,x consi/s ( plung+ !m into boil+ wat] =
 a %ort "t4 ,sp9a* & o!r gre5s %\ld be  
blan*$ 9 /eam4 ,to d ?is1 place !m 9 an 
ord9>y /eam] or susp5d !m 9 a tightly   
clos$ vessel above an in* or two ( boil+
 wat]4  ,blan*+ %\ld be foll[$ by ! cold
 dip1 plung+ into cold wat] aft] removal
 f ! hot wat]4 ,cold dipp+ h>d5s ! pulp 
& pres]ves ! orig9al color1 enhanc+ !   
appe>ance4 ,blan*+ cleanses ! articles &
 removes excess acids & /rong flavors & 
odors4 ,x also causes %r9kage1 s t a    
l>g] quantity may be pack$ 9 a conta9]4 
,aft] blan*+ & cold dipp+1 surface      
moi/ure %\ld be remov$ by plac+ !       
vegetables or fruits betwe5 two t[els or
 by exposure to ! sun4  ,all ?is is s   
simple & ! directions s easily foll[$ t 
! av]age #ab-ye>-old may successfully c 
vegetables or fruits4 ,! /eps & !       
precautions are3  #a4 ,select s\nd      

vegetables & fruits4 7,if possible c !m 
! same day !y are pick$47 ,wa%1 clean1 &
 prep>e !m4  #b4 ,h ready1 on ! /ove1 a 
c or pail ( boil+ wat]4  #c4 ,place !   
vegetables or fruits 9 *eeseclo?1 or 9  
"s o!r por\s receptacle--a wire basket  
is excell5t--= dipp+ & blan*+ !m 9 !    
boil+ wat]4  #d4 ,put !m :ole into !    
boil+ wat]4 ,! ,commission gives a      
"t-table = blan*+4 ,aft] ! wat] beg9s to
 boil1 beg9 to c\nt ! blan*+ "t2 ?is    
v>ies f "o to tw5ty m9utes1 accord+ to !
 vegetable or fruit4  #e4 ,:5 ! blan*+  
is complete1 remove ! vegetables or     
fruits f ! boil+ wat] & plunge !m a     
numb] ( times into cold wat]1 to h>d5 ! 
pulp & *eck ! fl[ ( color+ matt]4 ,d n  
leave !m 9 cold wat]4  #f4 ,! conta9]s  
mu/ be ?or\ghly clean4 ,x is n necess>y 
to /]ilize !m 9 /eam or boil+ wat] be=e 
fill+ !m1 z 9 ! cold-pack process bo? ! 
insides ( conta9]s & ! cont5ts are      
/]iliz$4 ,! j>s %\ld be heat$ be=e be+  
fill$1 9 ord] to avoid breakage4  #g4   
,pack ! product into ! conta9]s1 leav+  

ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ( space at ! top4 
#h4 ,) vegetables add "o level          
teaspoonful ( salt to ea* qu>t conta9] &
 fill ) boil+ wat]4 ,) fruits use       
syrups4  #i4 ,) glass j>s always use a  
good rubb]4 ,te/ ! rubb] by /ret*+ or   
turn+ inside out4 ,fit on ! rubb] & put 
! lid 9 place4 ,if ! conta9] has a screw
 top d n screw up z h>d z possible1 b   
use only ! ?umb & little f+] 9 tight5+  
x4 ,?is makes x possible = ! /eam to    
escape & prev5ts breakage4 ,if a glass  
top j> is us$1 snap ! top bail only1    
leav+ ! l[] bail loose dur+ /]ilization4
 ,t9 cans %\ld be completely seal$4     
#aj4 ,place ! fill$ & capp$ conta9]s on 
! rack 9 ! /]iliz]4 ,if ! homemade or   
comm]cial hot-wat] ba? outfit is us$1   
en\gh wat] %\ld be 9 ! boil] to come at 
lea/ "o in* above ! tops ( ! conta9]s1 &
 ! wat]1 9 boil+ out1 %\ld nev] be all[$
 to drop to ! level ( ^! tops4 ,beg9 to 
c\nt process+ "t :5 ! wat] beg9s to     
boil4  ,at ! end ( ! /]iliz+ p]iod      
remove ! conta9]s f ! /]iliz]4 ,fa/5    

cov]s on tightly at once1 turn !        
conta9]s upside d[n to te/ = leakage1   
leave 9 ?is position until cold1 & !n   
/ore 9 a cool1 dry place4 ,be sure t no 
draft is all[$ to bl[ on glass j>s1 z x 
may cause breakage4  #aa4 ,if j>s are to
 be /or$ :]e !re is /rong light1 wrap !m
 9 pap]1 pref]ably br[n1 z light w fade 
! color ( products cann$ 9 glass j>s1 & 
sometimes det]iorate ! food value4  ,t's
 ! :ole trick4     ,,*apt] ,,xxvii      
,,retail ,,coop]ation   ,,coop]ation 9  
buy+ supplies at :olesale1 9 /&>diz+ &  
%ipp+ crops1 9 keep+ gra9 9 elevators1 &
 fruit & "s meats & p\ltry 9 cold /orage
 has rea*$ a high developm5t among !    
f>m]s l>gely 9 ! ,nor?we/1 mu* ahead ( u
 city folks4  ,!re are m ?an five ?\s&  
active ,f>m]s' ,coop]ation ,associations
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,m9nesota alone has 
ov] six hundr$ coop]ative cream]ies1 "s 
( :i* h a laundry annex4 ,! associations
 h six hundr$ & sixty ?\s& memb]s & d a 
bus9ess ( ne>ly a ?\s& doll>s a ye> =   
ea* memb]4 ,^! are ! p t we call        

hayse$s2 if we c\ld plant "s m su* se$s1
 x w\ld be a good job4 ,b 9 coop]ative  
retail dome/ic supply we are f> beh9d   
,engl& & o!r c\ntries1 ev5 beh9d        
,russia4 ,t is p>tly because our bett]  
retail bus9ess me?ods leave less room = 
! sav+s4  ,a simple & easy b important  
beg9n+ ( coop]ation 0 :]e ea* "o took   
turns 9 deliv]+ ! milk & fet*+ supplies4
 ,"o f>m] might d x all e day = a small 
*>ge4  ,! new ,s\? is develop+ a great  
bus9ess 9 ?is l9e4 ,:5 y g to ,new      
,orleans look up ! /ores ^: lett] head  
reads3    ,,nelson ,,co-,,op]ative      
,,association1 ,,inc4   ,food ,suppli]s 
,,(fice1 #ejf ,s4 ,,pet]s ,,/reet4      
,,cream]y1 ,,erato ,,/4   ,,w>eh\se1    
#eaa ,,s4 ,,pet]s ,,/4 ,,bak]y1         
,,elysian ,,fields ,,ave4   #fa ,,retail
 ,,/ores   #d ,,meat ,,m>kets  ,9       
,augu/1 #aiag1 ,n4 ,o4 ,nelson ( ! above
 conc]n writes 9 answ] to my reque/3  ,x
 does n take #bejj words to tell all ,i 
"k ab\t ,coop]ation4 ,i tru/ ! inclos$  
may be s]viceable = y\r book1 & %all    

feel pr\d if x is4  ,i am do+ my job "h 
= two v practical reasons2 fir/1 !      
imm$iate s]vice ( r$uc+ ! co/ ( liv+ to 
say #ae1jjj families1 mo/ly poor2       
second1 to introduce economy 9 retail+4 
,! read]s ( su* a book z y\rs are well  
aw>e ( ! wa/eful ways ( retail+ goods4  
,9 e t[n & city !re is a multiplication 
( /ores1 adv]tis+ cl]ks1 teams1 & o!r   
incid5tals4  ,likewise !re is a lot (   
middle m5 & drumm]s1 ! buy]s at !       
produc]'s end1 ! :olesal]s or middle m5 
at ! consum]'s end1 ) speculator & l&[n]
 at bo? ends4 ,all ( ^! h to be support$
 by ! sy/em1 & ! de> consum] pays = x4  
,! ,coop]ative /ore sy/em1 :i* 0 />t$ 9 
,engl& #gc ye>s ago1 elim9ates mo/ ( ^! 
wa/e exp5ses4 ,! sy/em has kept spread+ 
at an a/oni%+ rate2 9 ,great ,brita9 !re
 are n[ #c #a_/b million memb]s1 & m ?an
 a billion ( sales a ye>4 ,o!r ,european
 c\ntries are full ( ^! /ores4 ,_m ( !  
retail /ores h f twelve ?\s& to fifty   
?\s& memb]s2 _! sales run into !        
millions4 ,!y are f$]at$ 9 a :olesale   

ag5cy :i* buys = !m & manufactures on an
 ext5sive scale4  ,by ! economies ?us   
introduc$ !y are able to save regul>ly  
ab\t #ae1 besides pay+ int]e/ on !      
capital employ$1 & accumulat+ a lib]al  
surplus4 ,x is simply a "q ( p gett+    
toge!r 7all civilization is71 contribut+
 _! own money & _! trade1 & ?us avoid+  
all ! wa/e exp5ses4  ,x is a v          
democratic plan2 anybody is welcome to  
jo9 x2 e memb] has "o vote & no m1 !y   
elect _! directors1 ! directors elect ! 
manag]s1 & ! manag]s employ ! cl]ks4 ,!y
 sell at ! m>ket prices & e ?ree or six 
mon?s take acc\nt ( /ock & rebate !     
pr(its 9 proportion to ea* memb]'s      
pur*ases1 ) half rate to non-memb]s4  ,x
 appeals to ! economical s5se ( ! ord9>y
 h\sekeep]1 & to ! e?ical s5se ( ^? :o  
want no advantage ( _! neighbor4 ,x     
prev5ts "s f gett+ unduly ri* & x helps 
to keep _m f be+ unduly poor4  ,! same  
pr9ciple has spread into f>m]'s "w1     
especially ,cream]ies4 ,9 ,coop]ative   
,cream]ies & ,/ores ,russia has gr[n    

fa/] 9 ! la/ #ae ye>s ?an any o!r       
c\ntry1 hav+ at la/ reports ov] ?irte5  
million memb]s4 ,?is ord]ly gett+ toge!r
 = common social ne$s has mu* to d ) !  
ord]l9ess ( ! ,russian ,revolution4  ,! 
,unit$ ,/ates has made l>ge progress 9  
produc]s' coop]ative associations1 b n  
mu* 9 /ores4  ,i h 9 ,new ,orleans a    
sy/em ( #fe /ores on a modifi$ sy/em2 x 
is a coop]ative association b we sell at
 z l[ prices z c be af=d$1 = ca% 9 h&4  
,! sales am\nt to ab\t #b #a_/b         
millions1 ! mo/ ( x 9 ! w9t]4 ,!        
,association owns a ,bak]y1 a ,cream]y1 
,condim5t ,factory2 & ,c(fee ,factory1 &
 a #aeej-;acre plantation4 ,we are able 
to und]sell ! m>ket ab\t #bj4  ,p any:]e
 c make a coop]ative /ore if !y take x  
s]i\sly4 ,!re %\ld be ab\t #bjj memb]s &
 #bjjj 9 ca% to />t )3 !n get an hone/ &
 intellig5t manag]2 />t ) a groc]y1 buy 
& sell = ca%1 ei!r on ! ,ro*dale plan ( 
sell+ at full m>ket prices & divid+ !   
pr(its p]iodically1 or on my plan (     
sell+ z *eaply z c be af=d$4 ,9 ei!r    

plan x works out into produc+ a l>ge "p 
( ! goods sold1 ?us elim9at+ entirely ! 
sup]flu\s middleman4  ,?ree acres &     
,lib]ty is ! correct way ( produc+ a    
liv+2 ) ! adjunct ( a coop]ative /ore to
 d ! sell+ ( ! surplus produc$ & ! buy+ 
( goods ne$$1 ! small f>m] is free f all
 ! wa/e & trammels ( trade4  ,n[ :at's !
 matt] ) y\r help+ y\r c\nty & c\ntry & 
humanity by organiz+ ^? two hundr$ wait+
 buy]s 9 y\r own t[n8 ,y c be ! hone/ & 
intellig5t manag] at a dec5t sal>y4 ,if1
 lat]1 ! coop]ators want ano!r manag]1  
:y y c easily organize ano!r /ore4 ,!   
be/ in=mation on ?is subject is !       
,coop]ative ,news1 ,man*e/]1 ,engl&2    
subscription two doll>s4  ,evid5ce is   
daily accumulat+ t ! food & f>m problem 
is n s easy z _m ?\ght x to be a few    
mon?s ago4 ,?is is made cle> :5         
economi/s say3 ,! really important "q 9 
! food problem is n di/ribution1 x is   
production4 ,x is un=tunate t ?is       
/atem5t %\ld ga9 belief at ?is "t1 :5 ^?
 :o prey ^u ! produc] are wat*+ = any   

support f :atev] direction4  ,pass+ by !
 obvi\s fact t production mu/ prec$e    
di/ribution1 notice t1 ) all ! en]gy t  
has be5 devot$ to production ( f>m      
products by ! gov]nm5t exp]ts1 x is cle>
 t n only is !re a %ortage1 b t x has   
requir$ all k9ds ( inducem5ts1 f !      
,presid5t d[n1 to get ! f>m]s to        
increase _! output1 ! mo/ pot5t ( all   
be+ ! cry ( patriotism4  ,"s expla9 ?is 
by %[+ h[ l& monopoly prev5ts m5 go+    
back to ! f>ms4 ,:ile ?is is p]fectly   
true1 x does n answ] ! "q :y f>m]s n[ 9 
possession ( f>ms are n work+ !m ne> _! 
capacity4  ,! answ] ( ! ord9>y man to   
?is is ineffici5cy on ! "p ( ! f>m]1 &  
up to ! pres5t ?is idea has pass$ z     
suffici5t to acc\nt = ! situation4 ,!   
publicity giv5 ! :ole f>m "q dur+ ! pa/ 
six mon?s1 h[ev]1 has to a l>ge ext5t   
dispell$ ! ineffici5cy answ]1 z ! f>m]  
has respond$ s completely to ! call1 & !
 amateurs are beg9n+ to realize t !re is
 some?+ 9 f>m+ besides tickl+ ! e>? ) a 
fea!r4 ,all ! facts s f> br\ght out %[ !

 f>m] abundantly able to produce all !  
food/uffs ne$$1 provid$ he has a        
reasonable c]ta9ty t he w be able to    
dispose ( 8 produce at a price t w give 
him a fair return = 8 labor4 ,?is be+ ! 
case1 x is easy to see t putt+ m m5 back
 on f>ms w\ld n rem$y ! condition we are
 n[ 92 b w\ld r increase ! difficulty4  
,! fact is1 ! two blades ( grass !ory   
has be5 explod$1 ! increas$ production  
cry has be5 tri$ out1 c>ri$ to its      
logical conclusion1 & f\nd want+1 & !   
ineffici5cy explanation has be5 prov$ a 
falsehood on its face4 ,x is1 !re=e1    
obvi\s t ) a prop] sy/em ( di/ribution1 
! entire "q ( production w take c>e (   
itself2 b j s long z ! produc]s f9d x   
unpr(itable to produce food1 j s long w 
!y h to figure c>efully n to gr[ too    
mu*1 or x w\ld be bett] = !m _h !y gr[n 
no?+ at all4  ,! reason :y we h su*     
div]g5t ideas on ?is subject is t s _m p
 write ab\t x :o h _h no exp]i5ce 9     
f>m+1 :ile on ! o!r h& !re are few f>m]s
 :o c /ate ! case s ! public c grasp !  

mo/ obvi\s facts4  ,f9ally1 x is a "q ( 
! gov]nm5t do+ :at x ought n to h done &
 leav+ undone ^? ?+s x ought to h done4 
,x has grant$ to a few monopolies       
transportation & t]m9al facilities :i*  
enable !m to hold up deliv]ies & ?us    
control prices4 ,! rem$y lies 9 see+ t !
 gov]nm5t att5d to its own bus9ess1 :i* 
is secur+ equality ( opportunity = all1 
& special privileges to none4  ,x foll[s
 t coop]ation %\ld n /op ei!r at        
production or at di/ribution4 ,x mu/    
embrace ! s\rce ( bo?1 nor ev5 /op at   
gov]nm5tal plans ( small hold+s4  ,z a  
bus9ess ent]prise1 comb9+ philan?ropy & 
p]c5tage1 capital has an opportunity4   
,accord+ly an option %\ld be secur$ ^u a
 l>ge piece ( l& n ov] =ty miles f a    
l>ge city1 ne> a railroad /ation4 ,!    
transportation at fir/ is n important1 z
 ! new commut]s w make a dem& = x1 &    
*eap autos w l>gely fill ! gap2 x w     
improve rapidly4  ,if possible x %\ld h 
a lake or a fair /ream on x = irrigation
 & small wat] p[]2 ! soil %\ld be exam9$

 by exp]ts1 to see t x is suitable =    
truck+ & m>ket g>d5+4  ,! object %\ld be
 to make a sort ( vacant lot g>d5+ plan 
on a gr& scale4 ,h]et(ore ! tr\ble has  
be5 t we h be5 unable to get l& :]e !re 
0 any assurance t we c\ld h x aga9 !    
second ye>1 & t ! limit$ am\nt ( l&     
makes x impossible to give ! m5 z mu* z 
!y ought to h4 ,!y d n ne$ mu* l&1      
because a man work+ at int5sive culture 
) only ! r\gh pl[+ done = him _c take   
good c>e ( mu* m ?an "o acre ( l&4 ,he w
 probably make z mu* money out ( "o acre
 ( l& z he w out ( two4 ,^? :o are will+
 to "w %\ld be giv5 "o acre ( l&1 ) !   
assurance t !y c h x z long z !y "w x   
fai?fully & comply ) ! simple rules :i* 
we h f\nd s effective 9 ! ,vacant ,lot  
,g>d5+ "w1--:i* are practically1 t a man
 %\ld att5d to bus9ess & n annoy 8      
neighbors4 ,no contract or lease %\ld be
 giv5 ! m51 or inde$ ! wom51 = bo? "w   
su* g>d5s1 z !y h be5 do+ = ! pa/ tw5ty 
ye>s 9 sev]al l>ge cities1 mak+ at lea/ 
a liv+ ^u ! l& & (t5 a v l>ge return4   

,!re mu/ be a compet5t sup]9t5d5t1 =    
ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u him1 :o w\ld %[ ! m5   
:at l& !y %\ld use1 :at !y %\ld put 91  
in/ruct !m h[ to d x1 & m>ket _!        
products coop]atively4 ,exp]i5ce 9      
,philadelphia1 & 9 "s score ( o!r cities
 :]e !y h e/abli%$ ,vacant ,lot ,g>d5s1 
%[s t ab\t t5 p] c5t annually ( ! p     
pref] to "w = o!rs1 & consequ5tly take  
places 9 ! c\ntry aft] !y h le>n$ to d  
m>ket g>d5+4 ,"s o!rs1 be+ dissatisfi$ )
 s little l&1 & want+ to own _! own     
place1 g (f & buy l& or lease x =       
!mselves4 ,?is makes a con/ant dra9 f ! 
g>d5s1 leav+ op5+s = o!rs :o w le>n 9 "t
 _! trade2 x is possible to make 9 ?is  
way a /eady dra9 out ( ! cities to !    
c\ntry1 & :at is bett] /ill1 an         
automatic dra94  ,! l& mu/ be s ne> to a
 c5t] ( population t x may be possible  
to take a gang ( m5 d[n !re 9 ! morn+1  
%[ !m :at x is1 & s5d back ^? :o d n    
seem likely to make good1 or :o are     
dissatisfi$2 & t :5 m5 get _! g>d5s     
successfully runn+1 !y may be able to   

br+ _! fri5ds !re to see :at !y h done1 
& say to !m1 ,g ?\ & d likewise4  ,i h  
be5 at ,trudeau1 ,s>anac ,lake1 & at    
,/ony ,wold1 ! consumptive sanit>iums1 &
 f\nd !re bo? by obs]vation & by        
te/imony t to s5d back ! convalesc5ts to
 ! b5* or ! work%op f :i* !y came is    
practically to repron\nce ^u !m ! s5t5ce
 ( dea? f :i* ! sanit>ium has (f]$ !m a 
reprieve4 ,! only practical ?+ to d )   
su* convalesc5ts1 & ) su* p]sons :o are 
n capable ( _! ord9>y avocations1 is to 
get !m 9 "s way ^u ! l&4 ,!re is a l>ge 
dem& = p]sons :o und]/& ! new int5sive  
g>d5+1 & places c be f\nd = m ?an we c  
hope to educate 9 t l9e4  ,!re %\ld be  
build+s ^u ! l& suffici5t to bunk "o    
hundr$ to "o hundr$ & fifty m52         
accommodations c\ld be made ) ! small   
timb] = a consid]able numb]4 ,_m ( ^! m5
 w\ld ne$ "s help1 b mo/ ( !m w\ld %ift 
= !mselves if only !y c\ld get !        
opportunity to build ^u ! l& & to h a   
secure t5ure ( x4 ,a m]e t5ant kn[s t x 
is bunkum :5 he says ,our ,c\ntry4  ,x  

is p]fectly practicable to sell ab\t "o 
half ( ! l& 9 a ye> or two1 & h a ?\s&  
acres or m left free & cle>1 :i* w co/ !
 promot]s no?+4 ,r5t+ ?is out or sell+ x
 w repay ! :ole co/1 & probably br+ a   
l>ge pr(it besides4  ,?is is no         
exp]im5t1 x is only to d ! ?+ t we h be5
 do+ "u v>i\s conditions ) v>i\s sorts (
 m5 9 diff]5t localities = ! pa/ tw5ty  
ye>s 9 ! ,vacant ,lot ,g>d5s3 namely1 to
 give m5 ! opportunity ( liv+ ^u &      
cultivat+ l&1 putt+ up _! own t5ts1     
%acks1 or bungal[s1 & giv+ !m su*       
in/ruction & su* help z does n co/ any?+
 m ?an ! sal>y ( ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,!re are 
abundant m5 :o c make good & %ift =     
!mselves "u ^? circum/ances2 ! m5 :o are
 available are s+le m51 su* m5 z ^? =   
:om ,mr4 ,hallimond1 a cl]gyman work+ 9 
! ,b[]y1 has be5 f9d+ rural employm5t 9 
! pa/ t5 ye>s4 ,also _m families w come 
to u ?r\gh ! ,vacant ,lot ,g>d5s & !    
,little ,l& agitation4 ,p su* z ^! w    
increase ! l& value1 = e dec5t man      
c>ries ar\nd ) him at lea/ five hundr$  

doll>s' wor? ( increase 9 l& values :i* 
8 pres5ce adds to somebody's hold+s (   
l&4 ,! /ruggle to pocket ?is increase   
acc\nts = mu* ( ! human drift f ! field 
to ! factory4  ,god made ! c\ntry2 man  
made ! city--& ! devil made ! suburbs1  
by ! aid ( ! speculator4  ,alpha ( !    
,pl\gh says 9 ! ,london ,/>3 ,i 0 walk+ 
) a fri5d along ! ,spani>ds-road ! o!r  
ev5+ talk+ on ! inexhau/ible !me ( ^!   
days1 :5 he ask$1 ',:at is ! bigge/ ?+ t
 has happ5$ to ?is c\ntry z ! outcome ( 
! w>8'  ',x is )9 two or ?ree hundr$    
y>ds f "h1' ,i repli$4 ',come ?is way & 
,i'll %[ x to y4'  ,he seem$ a little   
surpris$1 b accompani$ me *e]fully en\gh
 z ,i turn$ f ! road & plung$ ?r\gh !   
gorse & ! trees t[>ds ,p>liam5t ,fields1
 until we came ^u a l>ge expanse (      
allotm5ts1 c>v$ out ( ! great playgr\nd1
 & alive ) figures1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 
"s e>?+ up potatoes1 "s we$+ onion b$s1 
"s ?9n+ out c>rots1 "s m]ely walk+ along
 ! pat*es1 & look+ at ! fruits ( _!     
labor spr++ f ! soil4 ',!re1' ,i said1  

'is ! mo/ important result ( ! w>4'  ,he
 laugh$1 b n contemptu\sly4 ,he knew :at
 ,i meant1 & ,i ?9k he m ?an half agre$4
  ,& ,i ?9k y w agree1 too1 if y w ?9k  
:at t /ret* ( allotm5ts means4 ,x is !  
symptom ( ! mo/ important revival1 !    
greate/ spiritual awak5+ ?is c\ntry has 
se5 = g5]ations4 ,:]ev] y g1 t symptom  
meets y4 ,"h 9 ,hamp/ead allotm5ts are z
 pl5tiful z blackb]ries 9 autumn4 ,a    
fri5d ( m9e :o lives 9 ,beck5ham tells  
me !re are fifte5 hundr$ 9 8 p>i%4 ,9 ! 
neighborhood ( ,london !re mu/ be _m    
?\s&s4 ,9 ! c\ntry z a :ole !re mu/ be  
hundr$s ( ?\s&s4 ,if de> old ,joseph    
,fels c\ld revisit ! glimpses ( ! moon &
 see :at is happ5+1 see ! vacant lots & 
wa/e spaces bur/+ into onion b$s &      
potato pat*es1 :at joy w\ld be 86 ,he 0 
! =]unn] ( ! revival1 ! passionate      
pilgrim ( ! ,vacant ,lot3 b 8 hot gospel
 fell on deaf e>s1 & he di$ j be=e !    
trumpet ( w> awak5$ ! sleep]4  ,d n     
suppose t ! greatness ( ?is ?+ t is     
happ5+ c be measur$ 9 t]ms ( food4 ,t is

 important1 no d\bt1 b x is n ! mo/     
important ?+4 ,i am confid5t t x w add m
 ?an any?+ else to ! spiritual res\rces 
( ! nation4 ,x is ! beg9n+ ( a w> on !  
disease t is blight+ our p4 ,:at is     
wrong ) u8 ,:at is ! root ( our social &
 spiritual ailm5t8 ,is x n ! divorce ( !
 p f ! soil8 ,= g5]ations ! :olesome r$ 
blood ( ! c\ntry has be5 suck$ into !   
great t[ns1 & we h built up a va/ ma*9e 
( indu/ry t has made slaves ( u1 %ut out
 ! light ( ! fields f our lives1 left   
our *ildr5 to gr[ l we$s 9 ! slums1     
rootless & wat]less1 poison$ ! heal?y   
in/9cts ( nature implant$ 9 u1 & put 9  
_! place ! rank gr[?s ( ! /reets4 ,c y  
walk ?r\gh a work+-class di/rict or a   
,lanca%ire cotton t[n1 ) _! huddle (    
airless /reets1 )\t a feel+ ( despair   
com+ ov] y at ! s5se ( ?is enorm\s      
p]v]sion ( life into ! arid *annels (   
dea?8 ,c y take pride 9 an ,empire on   
:i* ! sun nev] sets :5 y ?9k ( ! c\rts 9
 :i*1 z ,w ,crooks says1 ! sun nev]     
rises8  ,& n[ ! sun is go+ to rise4 ,we 

h />t$ a revolution t w n end until !   
brea? ( ! e>? has come back to ! s\l ( !
 p4 ,! tyranny ( ! ma*9e is go+ to be   
brok54 ,! tyranny ( ! l& monopoly is go+
 to be lift$4 ,yes1 y say1 b ^! p t ,i  
see work+ on ! allotm5ts are n ! p f !  
c\rts & ! slums2 b pr(essional m51 !    
sup]ior artisan1 & s on4 ,t is true4 ,b 
! movem5t mu/ get hold ( ! intellig5zia 
fir/4 ,! important ?+ is t ! brea* 9 !  
prison is made2 ! fre% air is filt]+ 92 
! idea is born--n /ill-born1 m9d y1 b   
born a liv+ ?+4 ,x is a way ( salvation 
t w n be lo/1 & t all w travel4  ,we h  
f\nd ! l&1 & we are go+ back to possess 
x4 ,take a man out ( ! /reet & put him 9
 a g>d51 & y h made a new creature (    
him4 ,i h se5 ! miracle aga9 & aga94 ,i 
"k a bus conductor1 = example1 outw>dly 
! mo/ ord9>y ( 8 k9d4 ,b "o night ,i    
m5tion$ allotm5ts1 t\*$ ! key ( 8 s\l1 &
 discov]$ t ?is man 0 go+ ab\t 8 daily  
"w irradiat$ by ! ?\ght ( 8 g>d5        
triumphs4 ,he _h got a new purpose 9    
life4 ,he _h got ! _s ( ! e>? 9 8 bones4

 ,x is n only ! humaniz+ influ5ce ( !   
g>d51 x is its democratiz+ influ5ce too4
    ,:5 ,adam delv$ & ,eve span   ,:]e 0
 !n ! g5tleman8'  ,y c get on t]ms ) !  
l[lie/ if y w discuss g>d5s4     ,,*apt]
 ,,xxviii  ,,summ] ,,colonies ,,= ,,city
 ,,p   7,cond5s$ f ! ,annual ,report ( !
 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior ( !     
,commission] ( ,education4 ,vol4 #b1 n[ 
out ( pr9t47  ,,b]l9 has n be5 boa/ful (
 a new sociological feature :i* x has   
develop$ )9 ! la/ fifte5 ye>s1 a feature
 s revolution>y 9 its be>+ ^u education 
& ^u ! g5]al heal? ( future g5]ations1 t
 x %\ld be made kn[n to ! _w4 ,z yet    
little has be5 said ab\t ?is new ag5cy4 
,x may be because x is n a gov]nm5tal   
in/itution1 b ! result ( self-help & ( !
 recognition ( a pla9 necessity4 ,x may 
be assum$ t if ! summ] colonies _h be5  
in/itut$ by ! gov]nm5t = ! great        
majority :o are poor x w\ld n h succe$$ 
s well z x has4  ,! tea*]s1 see+ t !    
horizon ( _! pupils 0 limit$ by brick & 
mort> 7= op5 p>k spaces are r>e 9       

,b]l971 came to ! conclusion t only by  
giv+ _! pupils opportunity to live 9 !  
op5 air c\ld !y lay a s\nd f\ndation ( k
 ( natural objects & processes z a basis
 = s*ool /udies4 ,! tea*]s ( !mselves1  
h[ev]1 c\ld apply only palliative       
rem$ies1 su* z hav+ s5t to !m1 f !      
botanical g>d5s1 ?\s&s ( specim5s (     
plants1 twigs1 fl[]s1 fruit1 etc41 =    
nature /udy 9 ! s*oolroom2 plant+ fl[]  
b$s ar\nd ! s*oolh\ses2 also1 brief     
excursions into p>ks1 & hang+ up be=e ! 
class color$ pictures ( l&scapes & rural
 sc5]y4  ,:ile 9 _m cases1 especially 9 
l>ge cities1 ! necessity 0 recogniz$ (  
gett+ ! *ildr5 out ( ! great des]t (    
brick & mort> into ! op5 air & into     
companion%ip ) life 9 ! field1 ! g>d51 !
 brooks1 & ! woods1 x _h n[h]e result$ 9
 a sy/ematic ef=t to aid ! *ildr5 ( an  
entire city 9 t way until x 0 tri$ 9    
,b]l94 ,( c\rse x is well und]/ood1 n   
only abroad1 b 9 ,new ,york & 9 o!r l>ge
 cities ( ?is c\ntry1 t some?+ mu/ be   
done to alleviate ! want ( space & fre% 

air1 & s recreation pi]s & ro( g>d5s are
 provid$1 excursions ( s*ools into p>ks 
are und]tak51 op5-air playgr\nds are    
in/itut$1 & simil> ef=ts are made t5d+  
to mitigate ! evil effects ( city life2 
b all ^! ef=ts are m]ely sporadic or    
tempor>y2 !y d n attack ! evil at !     
roots2 moreov] !y are only drops 9 !    
bucket :5 comp>$ ) t :i* is necess>y4   
,?is t5d5cy to coop]ative & collective  
action has result$ 9 ?is p>ticul> case 9
 ?\s&s ( ! *ildr5's ,arbor ,g>d5s r\nd  
ab\t ! city4 ,x is an exp]i5ce en gros1 
"o ( su* dim5sions t cavil ceases &     
admiration rises supreme4  ,! ,g]man    
poor are v poor inde$1 b p>5ts 7 induc$ 
to r5t1 at a price ( #d m>ks 7#a7 or    
ab\t #bj c5ts a mon? f ,may to ,octob] =
 ! summ] season1 a pat* ( l& 9 ! suburbs
 ( ,b]l9 unfit = f>ml& because cut up by
 railroad tracks & newly laid-out       
/reets4 ,on "o ( ^! pat*es a family     
might erect an arbor1 or a small        
/ructure ( bo>ds ) a wide v]&a & a      
corrugat$ iron ro(1 = h\s+ !mselves &   

*ildr5 dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,! dwell+s   
are ( ! mo/ primitive k9d & r flimsy2 no
 p]man5t /ructure c be all[$1 = at any  
"t ! own] ( ! l& may give notice to     
vacate = ! purpose ( erect+ a r[ (      
h\ses1 railroad build+s1 or o!r p]man5t 
/ructures4 ,! t5ants !mselves build     
f5ces ( wire or plant h$ges to keep !   
diff]5t plots ap>t4 ,on ^! pat*es !     
*ildr51 "u ! guidance ( tea*]s1 p>5ts1 &
 appo9t$ gu>dians1 began to s[ fl[]     
se$s1 plant %rubs1 v9es1 & trees1 or    
raise kit*5 vegetables1 ea* gr\p or     
family accord+ to its own desires &     
ne$s4 ,s9ce ! arbors are small !y d n   
decrease ! arable l& ( ! allotm5ts mu*1 
& !re is /ill room left = sw+s1 gymna/ic
 app>atus1 & simil> contrivances1 z well
 z b>e s&y spots = little tots to play  
94 ,! v>i\s allotm5ts are mo/ly uni=m 9 
size & are rea*$ by n>r[ ?ree- or       
f\r-foot lanes1 on :i* occasionally are 
se5 probation>y (fic]s or gu>dians :o   
keep ! peace & settle cases (           
di/urbance4  ,! arbor g>d5s are e/abli%$

 on e squ>e rod ( unus$ l& r\nd ab\t !  
city1 on vacant lots1 f> out to ! bord]s
 ( ! well-tra9$ woods & royal =e/s4     
,small tradesm51 labor+ m51 civil       
(ficials ( l[ degrees1 etc41 h f\nd x   
pr(itable to =sake _! t5em5ts 9 ! city &
 move ki? & k9 into ^? arbor colonies4  
,! t5em5ts 9 ,b]l9 are z bad z 9 our own
 big cities1 only bett] polic$4  ,n all 
( ^! arbor g>d5s are occupi$ by families
 dur+ ! night4 ,?\s&s return to _! city 
homes ev5+s4 ,"s p>5ts1 unable to free  
!mselves f toil 9 t[n1 s5d _! *ildr5 "u 
guidance ( s]vants1 & sp5d only         
occasional ,sundays & holidays ) !m4  ,!
 p1 especially ! *ildr51 gett+ "s       
in=mation conc]n+ ! treatm5t ( ! crops f
 compet5t advis]s 9 s*ool & out 9 !     
arbor colonies1 d]ive great good f _!   
horticultural & floricultural "w4       
,families :o are ae/hetically incl9$    
devote _! space to fl[]s & trail+ v9es  
exclusively2 o!rs1 utilit>ians f        
necessity1 plant potatoes1 c>rots1      
turnips1 beets1 beans1 /rawb]ries1 & !  

l4 ,! feel+ ( own]%ip be+ /rongly       
develop$ 9 ! *ildr5 9 see+ ! results (  
_! own labor1 ! crops are respect$ by ! 
neighbors & pilf]+ r>ely occurs1 except 
p]haps 9 a case ( great hung]4  ,sev]al 
hundr$ or a ?\s& ( su* pat*es ( l&1 or  
g>d5s1 situat$ 9 close proximity to ea* 
o!r1 =m an arbor colony1 :i* has a      
gov]nor1 or mayor1 :o is an unpaid city 
(ficial4 ,he arranges ! leas+ ( ! l&1   
collects ! r5ts1 & h&s !m ov] to !      
gratifi$ l&[n]s :o don't ev5 h to       
collect !m4 ,!re is always a retir$     
m]*ant or civil (fic] to fill ! (fice1  
to :i* is atta*$ nei!r title1 emolum5t1 
nor special honor4 ,he is assi/$ by a   
colonial committee ( tru/ees select$ f !
 coloni/s1 :o act z ju/ices ( ! peace1 9
 case di/urbances %\ld arise4 ,if       
coloni/s prove frequ5t di/urb]s ( !     
peace or are f\nd incapable ( liv+      
quietly1 _! leases are n r5ew$4 ,( c\rse
 !re are su* cases1 b !y are r>e4  ,s9ce
 ! size ( an arbor g>d5 is f ab\t two   
sixte5?s to ?ree sixte5?s ( an acre1 say

 two or ?ree ,new ,york ,city ,lots1 ^? 
=m+ a colony make a consid]able         
community1 9 :i* ! au?ority ( !         
committee1 or bo>d ( tru/ees1 is        
absolute1 & ! few cases !y h _h to      
adjudicate h g5]ally be5 caus$ by nagg+ 
wom54 ,x is claim$ 9 ! press t ^!       
coloni/s are lit]ally )\t sc&als1 & t ! 
life l$ by "y & old is a mo/ peaceful & 
happy "o4 ,p :o are h>d at "w are n     
likely to be qu>relsome3 good :olesome  
food1 mu* ex]cise 9 play & labor1 & an  
abundance ( fre% air & sun%9e are       
conducive to happ9ess1 especially z !   
clo?+ may be ( a primitive k9d1 or ne$ n
 con=m to ! dictates ( fa%ion4  ,a tea*]
 rem>k$3 ,x is noticeable t s9ce ^!     
s*ool *ildr5 are engag$ 9 lucrative "w  
:i* does n g beyond _! /r5g?1 & s9ce !y 
see ) _! own eyes ! results ( _! labor1 
a s5se ( responsibility is eng5d]$ :i*  
has a b5eficial influ5ce ^u s*ool "w    
also4 ,respect = all k9ds ( labor & a   
decrease 9 ! de/ructiv5ess s (t5 f\nd   
among boys are unmi/akable effects ( !  

arbor g>d5s4 ,x is n easy "w :i* !      
*ildr5 p]=m1 = spade & rake require     
muscul> ef=t2 b x is ennobl+ "w1 = x    
leads to self-respect1 self-dep5d5ce1 & 
respect = o!rs1 z well z will+ness to   
aid o!rs4 ,! mo/ beautiful sight is     
af=d$ :51 on a c]ta9 date agre$ on by ! 
memb]s ( a colony1 a h>ve/ fe/ival is   
held4 ,!n flag rais+s & illum9ations &  
s++ & music make ! day a memorable "o4  
,mo/ ( ! families _h n ! means to buy ! 
lumb] & h>dw>e to erect an arbor1 & yet 
!y 7 ! v ones to :om ! life 9 ! op5 w\ld
 be ( ! greate/ b5efit4 ,h5ce           
philan?ropy erect$ ! /ructures4 ,!      
,patriotic ,woman's ,league ( ! ,r$     
,cross built half ( all ! arbors ( !    
colony f\nd on ! ,jungf]nheide4 ,_m     
colonies rea* into ! woods1 & naturally 
are ( a diff]5t "* f ^? 9 ! op51 = !re  
t5ts are us$ in/ead ( wood5 /ructures4  
,= protection dur+ ! night wat*m5 pace  
up & d[n ! lanes2 ?is be=e ! w> entail$ 
a co/ ( #g #a_/b c5ts a mon? to ea*     
family4 ,! season la/s f ,may #a to     

,octob] #a4  ,! s*ool-go+ population    
mean:ile att5d _! s*ools1 :i* us$ to be 
rea*$ by means ( ! elevat$ c>s or       
surface tramways = #b #a_/b c5ts & mu*  
*eap] if !y h commut]s' tickets4 ,_m    
s*ools are ne> en\gh to be rea*$ on     
foot4 ,! *ildr5 d n loit] on ! way1 b :5
 s*ool is out !y hurry home to beg9 "w 9
 ! g>d51 or to sit d[n to a meal on !   
v]&a1 :i* is reli%$ f> m ?an a meal 9 a 
city t5em5t h\se fill$ ) fetid air &    
want+ 9 light4 ,ne>ly e "o ( ^! g>d5s   
has a flagpole1 & at night a ,japanese  
pap] lant]n ) a tall[ dip 9 x illum9ates
 ! v]&a4 ,^!1 ) flags by day1 make a    
fe/ive appe>ance4 ,! tea*]s f9d t city  
*ildr5 :o sp5d ! five mon?s 9 ! op5 air 
are well equipp$ ) elem5t>y ideas 9     
physical geography & a/ronomy4 ,_! m5tal
 equipm5t is bett]1 inde$1 9 all fields 
( ?\ght1 _! physical heal? is improv$1 z
 well z _! e?ical motives & conduct4    
,to realize ! full ext5t ( ^! :olesale  
ef=ts 7= put *ildr5 into close contact )
 nature & !y w improve 9 all            

directions71 x is well to take a ride on
 ! ,nor? belt l9e 7elevat$ /eam         
railroad71 ! tra9s ( :i* />t f !        
,fri$ri*'s /reet depot & br+ "o back    
aft] a ride ( an h\r & a half4 ,!n "o   
may d ! same on ! ,s\? belt l9e4 ,on ^! 
two trips "o w see1 n hundr$s1 b t5s (  
?\s&s ( su* arbor g>d5s full ( happy    
wom5 & *ildr5 at "w or play4 ,! m5 come 
out on ! belt l9e :5 _! "w 9 t[n is     
done4 ,! writ] 0 rid+ ?r\gh ! city on an
 op5 cab1 & see+ h>dly any *ildr5 on !  
/reets & 9 ! p>ks1 he ask$1 ,h[ is x t  
we see no *ildr5 out8 ,ah1 sir1 0 !     
reply1 if y w see ! *ildr5 ( ,b]l9 y mu/
 g out to ! arbor colonies outside ( !  
city4 ,!re is :]e our *ildr5 are4       
,subsequ5t visits to ^! colony g>d5s %[$
 t ,b]l9 is by no means a *ildless city4
 ,to judge f ! multitud9\s arbors to be 
se5 f ! w9d[s ( ! belt l9e c>s !re mu/  
be #ej1jjj to #ge1jjj ( !m4 ,z f> z !   
eye rea*es ! flagpoles1 ! ord]ly f5ces1 
& ! little /ructures c be se52 & s9ce ! 
city has #b1jjj1jjj inhabitants1 x is v 

likely t an e/imate made by a city      
(ficial ( sev]al hundr$ ?\s&s ( *ildr5  
?us liv+ 9 ! op5 air1 is n excessive4 ,!
 mo/ beautiful & be/-arrang$ g>d5s are n
 f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( railroads1 b sev]al 
miles out t[>d ! nor? & ! s\? ( ! city4 
,"h1 :]e ! soil is bett]1 f9e crops are 
rais$4  ,if we turn our eyes homew>d &  
contemplate ! _m ?\s&s ( small ef=ts    
made 9 ?is c\ntry t[>d ! alleviation (  
city *ildr5's mis]y1 we c say tru?fully 
t we 9 ,am]ica are p]haps fully alive to
 ! necessity :i* has prompt$ ! p ( ,b]l9
 to action2 we only ne$ to be rem9d$ (  
,mayor ,p+ree's potato pat*es on empty  
city lots1 our *ildr5's out+ camps1 our 
occasional *ildr5's excursions1 & ! l4  
,/ill1 !re is no?+ 9 ?is c\ntry to      
comp>e ) ! ?\s&s ( ,b]l9 arbor g>d5s &  
_! s+ul>ly conv9c+ =ce4 ,l a circus1 all
 ?is is suppos$ to be = ! *ildr51 ?\gh x
 usually seems to ne$ ab\t two gr[n p to
 escort ea* *ild4 ,! eld]s enjoy ! g>d5s
 ev5 m ?an ! circus4  ,! arbor g>d5s (  
,b]l9 %\ld n be mi/ak5 = ! num]\s =e/   

s*ools 7,walds*ul57 9 ,g]many4 ,^!      
s*ools 9 ! woods are = sickly *ildr51   
bo? physically crippl$ & m5tally weak4  
,! pupils h _! lessons 9 ! op51 & !     
tea*]s live1 play1 & "w ) !m2 long      
recesses sep>ate ! v>i\s lessons & a    
two-h\r nap 9 ! middle ( ! day out 9 !  
op5 is on ! "t-table ( e "o ( ^! s*ools4
 ,^! special op5-air s*ools = weakl+s & 
defectives are n[ f\nd 9 _m p>ts (      
,g]many1 notably 9 ,*>lott5burg1        
,/rassburg1 & ! indu/rial regions ( !   
,rh9el&4  ,! example ( ,b]l9 has be5    
foll[$ 9 o!r ,g]man cities1 su* z       
,muni*1 notably 9 ,dusseldorf on !      
,rh9e1 :]e ! arbor g>d5s are call$      
,s*reb] g>d5s 9 honor ( ! man :o promot$
 _! e/abli%m5t4 ,!re is a l>ge colony ( 
su* g>d5s along ! ,hans-,sa*s /reet1 :]e
 ,lima beans1 peas1 lettuce1 cucumb]s1  
potatoes1 & _m o!r g>d5 vegetables are  
rais$2 ev5 /rawb]ries1 raspb]ries1 &    
fruit trees are f\nd "h4 ,b ! city be+ m
 lavi%ly provid$ ) p>ks & op5 spaces ?an
 o!rs ( its size1 ! necessity = op5-air 

life has n made itself felt z =cibly z 9
 ,b]l94  ,& ?9k ( ! cleans+ influ5ce (  
all ?is4 ,light & air & labor--^! are ! 
m$ic9es n ( ! body only1 b ( ! s\l4 ,x  
is n pond]able ?+s alone t are f\nd 9   
g>d5s1 b ! great wond] ( life1 ! peace (
 nature1 ! influ5ces ( sunsets & seasons
 & ( all ! intangible ?+s to :i* we c   
give no "n1 n because !y are small1 b   
because !y are outside ! compass ( our  
spee*4 ,! ,god t dwells 9 g>d5s is      
suffici5t = all our ne$s--let !         
!ologians say :at !y w4    ',n ,god6 9  
g>d5s8 ,:5 ! eve is cool8   ,nay1 b ,i h
 a sign--   ',tis v sure--,god walks 9  
m9e4'