,,lincoln ,,in ,,caricature ,by ,rufus ,rockwell ,wilson ,author ,of ,washington3 ,the ,capital ,city ,illustrated ,with ,thirty-two ,plates ,printed ,for ,private ,distribution #aijc ,illustration3 titlepage ,,lincoln ,,in ,,caricature ,illustration3 #jjj 7,illustrated cap7 ,,incoln in caricature is a phase of the career of the great war ,president that has thus far lacked adequate treatment4 ,yet he was the most bitterly assailed and savagely cartooned public man of his time1 and one has only to search the newspapers and periodicals of that period to find striking confirmation of this fact4 ,the attitude of ,great ,britain toward the ,union and its ,president was then one of cynical and scarcely veiled hostility1 and nowhere were the sentiments of the ,english government and of the ,english masses more faithfully reflected than in the cartoons which appeared in ,london ,punch between #ahfa and #ahfe1 many of which had ,lincoln for their central figure4 ,he was also frequently cartooned in ,vanity ,fair the ,american counterpart of ,punch2 in ,frank ,leslie's ,illustrated ,newspaper1 and in ,harper's ,weekly4 ,indeed1 nowhere were the changing sentiments of the people of the ,north1 their likes and dislikes1 their alternates hopes and fears1 their hasty1 often unjust judgments of men and measures1 more vividly reflected than in the cartoons dealing with ,lincoln which appeared in the last named journal during the epoch-making days of his ,presidency4 ,thus the thirty-two plates from these sources here brought together have a value and interest already important and sure to increase with the passage of time1 for they reflect with unconscious vividness1 and as nothing else can do1 the life and color of an historic era1 and how his fellows regarded the grandest figure of that era4 ,it is with their value as human documents in mind that they have been rescued from their half-forgotten hiding places1 and assembled in chronological sequence1 with such comment as may be necessary to make their purpose and meaning clear to older men1 whose memory may have grown dim1 as well as to the new generation that has come upon the stage in the eight and thirty years that have elapsed since the close of the ,civil ,war4 ,illustration3 #jja ,plate ,number ,one--,this cartoon1 ,lincoln la ,blondin1 which appeared in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,august #be1 #ahfj1 seems to have been suggested by ,blondin's crossing of ,niagara on a tight rope with a man on his back--an event then fresh in the public mind4 ,it also recalls an interesting phase of ,lincoln's first campaign for the ,presidency1 which had its origin in a characteristic incident of the candidate's earlier years4 ,it was in ,march1 #ahcj1 that ,lincoln1 at that time a youth of twenty-one1 removed with his father and family from ,indiana to ,illinois1 locating on the bluffs of the ,sangamon ,river about ten miles from ,decatur4 ,there he and his kinsman1 ,john ,hanks1 built a hewed log house1 and broke fifteen acres of prairie sod with the two yoke of oxen they had driven from ,indiana4 ,they then felled the trees1 cut off the logs1 and with mauls and wedges split the rails to fence in the land they had broken4 ,the following winter1 the winter of the deep snow as it was known in ,illinois1 ,lincoln alone made three thousand rails for a neighbor1 walking three miles each day to do it4 ,the ,republican state convention of ,illinois assembled at ,decatur on ,may #i1 #ahfj1 and the first act of its chairman was to invite ,lincoln1 who was modestly seated in the body of the hall1 to a seat upon the platform4 ,an eye-witness describes the scene that followed as one of tumultuous enthusiasm4 ,no way could be made through the shouting throng1 and ,lincoln was borne bodily1 over their heads and shoulders1 to the place of honor4 ,quiet restored1 the chairman again arose and said3 ,there is an old ,democrat outside who has something he wishes to present to this convention4 ,then the door of the hall swung open1 and a sturdy old man marched in1 shouldering two fence-rails1 surmounted by a banner inscribed1 in large letters3 ,two rails from a lot made by ,abraham ,lincoln and ,john ,hanks in the ,sangamon ,bottom1 in the year #ahcj4 ,the bearer was ,john ,hanks himself1 and he had come to do his part in making his old friend ,president4 ,it was an historic scene and moment4 ,in an instant ,lincoln1 the rail-splitter1 was accepted as the representative of the working man and the type and embodiment of the ,american idea of human freedom and possible human elevation4 ,the applause was deafening4 ,but it was something more than mere applause1 for there was no opposition afterwards1 to a resolution that declared ,lincoln to be the first choice of the ,republicans of ,illinois for ,president1 and instructed the delegates to the national convention to cast the vote of the ,state as a unit for him4 ,it is a part of history how the tidal wave of enthusiasm behind this resolution swept from ,decatur to ,chicago1 and thence over the country4 ,illustration3 #jjb ,plate ,number ,two--,this cartoon1 ,the ,inside ,track1 published in ,vanity ,fair1 on ,march #b1 #ahfa1 has for its motive the popular doubt and incertitude attending the make-up of the ,cabinet and the policy of the new ,administration toward the ,south4 ,the ,president-elect is shown1 with a doubtful expression on his face1 flanked on either side by ,thurlow ,weed1 who is drawn to represent a western river gambler of the period1 and ,william ,h4 ,seward1 while ,horace ,greeley1 their sworn political foe1 thrusts his head through the door in time to hear ,weed remark impressively3 ,trust to my friend ,seward--trust to us4 ,we'll compromise this little difficulty for you4 ,but trust to us4 ,gentlemen from the country are often swindled by unprincipled sharpers4 ,trust to us4 ,seward1 as we know1 became ,lincoln's ,secretary of ,state1 and ,weed one of his trusted advisers1 while the editor of the ,tribune remained until the end a thorn in the side of the ,president4 ,illustration3 #jjc ,plate ,number ,three--,this cartoon1 ,the ,flight of ,abraham1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,march #i1 #ahfa1 holds up to ridicule ,lincoln's memorable secret journey from ,harrisburg to ,washington1 but its point-of-view is a mistaken one4 ,lincoln's advisers had good grounds for believing that there existed a plot to murder him during his passage through ,baltimore1 and every consideration forbade needless risk4 ,the trip across ,maryland was1 therefore1 made suddenly and in private1 but there was no attempt at personal disguise1 as the cartoon infers1 nor any undignified concealment on the part of ,lincoln or the friends who accompanied him4 ,illustration3 #jjd ,plate ,number ,four--,this cartoon ,winding ,off the ,tangled ,skein1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,march #cj1 #ahfa1 recalls the days of doubt and waiting which preceded the firing on ,sumter and the first call for troops4 ,illustration3 #jje ,plate ,number ,five--,this cartoon1 ,the ,spirit of '#gf1 published in ,vanity ,fair1 on ,may #d1 #ahfa1 breathes the spirit which prompted the great uprising of the ,north when the truth was brought home to its people that a war between the sections was not to be avoided4 ,it shows the ,president watering a flower bed with the ,spirit of '#gf1 and remarking to ,columbia1 who watches his work3 ,ain't there a nice crop6 ,there's the hardy ,bunker ,hill flower1 the ,seventh ,regiment pink1 the firebug tulip4 ,that tri-colored flower grows near ,independence ,hall4 ,the western blossoms and prairie flowers will soon begin to shoot4 ,what charming plant is this8 asks ,columbia1 pointing to a miniature gallows4 ,that is rare in this country1 answers the ,president4 ,it will blossom soon and bear the ,jeffersonia ,davisiana4 ,illustration3 #jjf ,plate ,number ,six--,this cartoon1 ,the ,situation1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,july #ac1 #ahfa1 reminds one that the advocates of compromise were numerous and noisy until well toward the close of the war4 ,here ,lincoln is depicted as a constable in the act of arresting ,davis4 ,i've got you now1 ,jeff1 are his words as he lays hold of his prisoner4 ,guess you have1 is the reply of ,davis4 ,well1 now let us compromise4 ,illustration3 #jjg ,plate ,number ,seven--,this cartoon1 ,got the ,right ,weapon at ,last1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,october #ai1 #ahfa1 has for its subject the first of the national loans which assured a successful prosecution of the greatest war in history4 ,jay ,cooke1 who still lives1 was the agent through whose patriotic and sagacious efforts most of these loans found takers1 and he it was to whom ,grant1 in the closing days of the war1 sent this message3 ,tell him for me that it is to him more than to any other man that our people will be indebted for the continued life of the nation4 ,illustration3 #jjh ,plate ,number ,eight--,this cartoon1 without title1 published in ,vanity ,fair1 on ,november #af1 #ahfa1 has for its subject the ,union's relations with foreign powers4 ,it depicts the ,president1 guarding with sword and cannon a pond filled with trout 7the ,confederacy7 in which three boys--,england1 ,france and ,spain--are anxious to cast their lines4 ,boys1 ,i reckon ,i wouldn't1 is his significant comment4 ,illustration3 #jji ,plate ,number ,nine--,this cartoon1 ,up a ,tree--,colonel ,bull and the ,yankee ,coon1 was published in ,punch on ,january #aa1 #ahfb4 ,the artist1 whose point-of-view is one of contemptuous ridicule1 inspired by the ,mason and ,slidell incident1 and having in mind ,davy ,crockett's familiar story of ,colonel ,scott and the coon1 depicts that animal with the head of ,lincoln1 crouched on the limb of a friendly tree1 and gazing furtively down on ,john ,bull1 armed with a blunderbuss and about to fire1 whereat the following dialogue ensues3 ,coon--,air you in arnest1 ,colonel8 ,colonel ,bull--,i am4 ,coon--,don't fire--,i'll come down4 ,illustration3 #jaj ,plate ,number ,ten--,this cartoon1 ,sinbad ,lincoln and the ,old ,man of the ,sea1 published in ,frank ,leslie's ,illustrated ,newspaper1 on ,may #c1 #ahfb1 shows the ,president as ,sinbad carrying on his shoulders the ,old ,man of the ,sea--,gideon ,welles1 whose course as ,secretary of the ,navy was then the cause of much ill-natured comment4 ,we had no navy when the war began1 and ,welles had to create one4 ,his way of doing it provoked much opposition1 but he had always the confidence of the ,president1 and so good a judge as the late ,charles ,a4 ,dana has told us that though there was no noise in the street when he went along1 he was a wise1 strong man1 who understood his duty1 and who was patient1 laborious and intelligent at his task4 ,the generous growth of hair which the artist has given ,welles was not his own4 ,instead he wore a wig1 which was parted in the middle1 the hair falling down on each side1 and it was1 perhaps1 from his peculiar appearance that the idea originated that he was old-fashioned in his methods4 ,illustration3 #jaa ,plate ,number ,eleven--,this cartoon1 ,the ,new ,orleans ,plum1 published in ,punch on ,may #bd1 #ahfb1 deals with the capture of that city1 and with it the mouth of the ,mississippi--one of the first decisive victories of the war4 ,the artist1 borrowing from the old nursery tale1 showed ,lincoln seated in a corner and plucking a plum from the generous pudding in his lap4 ,possibly for fear that his design might not be perfectly clear to the ,british mind1 the artist appended to it the legend3 ,big ,lincoln ,horner1 up in a corner1 thinking of humble pie1 found under his thumb1 a ,new ,orleans plum1 and said1',what a cute ,yankee am ,i6' ,illustration3 #jab ,plate ,number ,twelve--,this cartoon1 ,the ,latest from ,america1 published in ,punch on ,july #bf1 #ahfb1 aims to make light of the war news sent out from ,new ,york at that time4 ,the ,president is represented as a bartender1 standing behind a bar on which are bottles inscribed ,bunkum1 ,bosh and ,brag1 and shifting a concoction labelled ,the ,new ,york ,press from the glass of ,victory to that of ,defeat4 ,illustration3 #jac ,plate ,number ,thirteen--,this cartoon1 ,the ,overdue ,bill1 published in ,punch1 on ,september #bg1 #ahfb1 has for its motive the ,union's crying need of men and money4 ,the ,president is shown seated at a desk1 with hands1 as usual1 thrust into his pockets1 glancing discomfitedly at a paper inscribed ,i promise to subdue the ,south in ninety days--,a4 ,lincoln1 held out to him by a ,confederate soldier1 who says ,your ninety days' promissory note isn't taken up yet1 sirree6 ,it would have been more fitting to have made ,seward the central figure in this cartoon1 for it was ,lincoln's ,secretary of ,state1 and not the ,president himself1 who was loudest in proclaiming that the war would end in three months4 ,it is worth recording that ,seward when questioned in after years by a friend as to the reasons which prompted this famous prediction of his1 at first declined to give an answer1 but finally said that he believed at the time that if the ,south did not give in within ninety days the ,north would4 ,illustration3 #jad ,plate ,number ,fourteen--,this cartoon1 ,what will ,he do with ,them8 published in ,vanity ,fair1 on ,october #d1 #ahfb1 heralds the forthcoming ,emancipation ,proclamation1 the ,president being pictured as a vagrom bird-peddler1 whom an absence of customers impels to the remark3 ,darn these here black-birds4 ,if nobody won't buy'em ,i'll have to open the cages and let'em fly4 ,this design recalls an historic ,cabinet meeting held on the ,saturday following the battle of ,antietam1 which cut short ,lee's invasion of the ,north and compelled him to recross the ,potomac4 ,the members of the ,cabinet were summoned1 on this occasion1 not to give advice but to hear a decision4 ,the ,president told them that the hour for delay had passed1 and that the time had come to make the emancipation of the slaves the declared policy of the ,administration4 ,public sentiment would now sustain it4 ,a strong and outspoken popular voice demanded it1 and the demand came from the best friends of the government4 ,and ,i have promised my ,god that ,i would do it1 added the ,president1 reverently and in a low voice4 ,did ,i understand you correctly1 ,mr4 ,president8 asked ,secretary ,chase1 who had heard but indistinctly the low-voiced utterance4 ,i made a solemn vow1 before ,god1 was the answer1 that if ,general ,lee should be driven back from ,pennsylvania1 ,i would crown the result by the declaration of freedom to the slaves4 ,and he did4 ,illustration3 #jae ,plate ,number ,fifteen--,this cartoon1 ,lincoln's ,last ,warning1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,october #aa1 #ahfb1 also deals with the subject of emancipation4 ,the ,president is depicted about to apply the axe to the tree of slavery1 and saying to ,davis1 who is crouching in its branches3 ,if you don't come down1 ,i'll cut the tree from under you4 ,illustration3 #jaf ,plate ,number ,sixteen--,this cartoon1 ,keep on the ,track1 published in ,vanity ,fair1 on ,november #bb1 #ahfb1 has to do with the result of the congressional elections of that year4 ,here the ,president is made to do duty as a locomotive engineer and to remark to his fireman 7,secretary ,seward71 who is staggering under a load of fagots1 each inscribed ,democratic ,majority3 ,i've got the right fuel now and ,i guess ,i can keep her steady4 ,chuck in more1 ,william4 ,illustration3 #jag ,plate ,number ,seventeen--,this cartoon1 without title1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,january #c1 #ahfc1 was prompted by the fearful ,union slaughter at ,fredericksburg4 ,columbia confronts the ,president and demands an accounting for the thousands slain in that conflict4 ,this reminds me of a little joke1 ,lincoln is made to say4 ,go1 is the angry rejoinder1 tell your joke at ,springfield4 ,which calls to mind a story told the writer by the late ,governor ,curtin of ,pennsylvania4 ,it was after the battle of ,fredericksburg1 and ,governor ,curtin had gone to the front to look after his ,state's dead and wounded in person4 ,while thus engaged he received a telegram from ,lincoln bidding him come to ,washington4 ,he responded at once1 and reaching the ,white ,house late in the evening found that the ,president had retired4 ,seated by the latter's bedside1 he told what he had seen4 ,it was not a battle1 said he2 it was1 a slaughter4 ,many of the wounded have received no attention1 and thousands of the dead are still unburied4 ,from the bottom of my heart1 ,mr4 ,president1 ,i wish we could find some way of ending this war4 ,lincoln listened patiently1 but with manifest anxiety1 to the ,governor's statement4 ,when it was finished1 he said3 ,curtin1 it's a big job we've got on hand4 ,it reminds me of what once happened to the son of a friend of mine out in ,illinois4 ,there was an apple-tree in the old man's orchard of which he was especially choice1 and one day in the fall his two boys1 ,john and ,jim1 went out to gather the apples from this tree4 ,john climbed the tree to shake the fruit off1 while ,jim remained below to gather it as it fell4 ,there was a boar grubbing in the orchard1 and seeing what was going on1 it waddled up to the tree and began to eat the falling apples faster than ,jim could gather them from the ground4 ,this roiled ,jim1 and catching the boar by the tail he pulled vigorously1 whereat the latter1 with an angry squeal1 began to snap at his legs4 ,afraid to let go1 ,jim held on for dear life1 until finally1 growing weary1 he called to his brother to help him4 ,john1 from the top of the tree1 asked what was wanted4',i want you1' said ,jim1 between the rushes of the boar1'to come down here and help me to let go of this darned hog's tail4' ,and ,curtin1 added the ,president1 that's just what ,i want of you and the rest3 ,i want you to pitch in and help me let go of the hog's tail ,i have got hold of4 ,before beginning this story ,lincoln had been deeply depressed4 ,when it was finished he laughed as heartily as did his auditor1 and seemed instantly to recover his wonted spirits4 ,pardon me1 ,mr4 ,president1 said the ,governor1 prompted by this change of mood1 but is not this story-telling habit of yours a sort of safety valve for you8 ,you have hit it1 ,curtin1 was the quick reply4 ,if ,i could not tell these stories ,i think ,i should die4 ,illustration3 #jah ,plate ,number ,eighteen--,this cartoon1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,january #aj1 #ahfc1 also reflects the resentment provoked by the ,fredericksburg fiasco1 for which ,general ,halleck and ,secretary ,stanton were at first held responsible in the popular mind4 ,lincoln is shown holding these officials over the side of the ,ship of ,state4 ,universal ,advice to ,abraham--,drop',em1 was the significant legend appended to this cartoon4 ,illustration3 #jai ,plate ,number ,nineteen--,this cartoon1 ,scene from the ,american ,tempest1 published in ,punch1 on ,january #bd1 #ahfc1 was prompted by the final ,proclamation of ,emancipation1 issued on the first day of that year4 ,the ,president1 clad in the uniform of a ,union soldier1 hands a copy of his proclamation to a grinning negro1 who points to a glowering ,confederate in his rear and says3 ,you beat him'nough1 ,massa6 ,berry little time1 ,i'll beat him too4 ,illustration3 #jbj ,plate ,number ,twenty--,this cartoon1 without title1 was published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,may #af1 #ahfc4 ,it deals with the underlying cause of ,england's unfriendly attitude toward the ,union--the sudden shutting off of the supply of raw material for her cotton mills4 ,lincoln leans on a cannon and confronts ,john ,bull in plaintive mood4 ,hi want my cotton bought at fi'pence a pound1 pleads the ,briton4 ,don't know anything about it1 my dear sir1 is the curt reply4 ,your friends the rebels are burning all the cotton they find1 and ,i confiscate the rest4 ,good morning1 ,john4 ,illustration3 #jba ,plate ,number ,twenty-one--,this cartoon1 ,right at last1 was published in ,frank ,leslie's ,illustrated ,newspaper1 on ,june #ac1 #ahfc4 ,grant was still hammering at the defences of ,vicksburg1 with the outcome of his campaign in doubt1 and the people of the ,north impatient and distrustful4 ,the editor of the ,tribune was especially earnest and insistent in the demand that his work should be given into other hands4 ,the ,president1 who holds in his hand a broom bearing ,grant's name1 is made to say3 ,greeley be hanged6 ,i want no more new brooms4 ,i begin to think that the worst thing about my old ones was in not being handled right4 ,illustration3 #jbb ,plate ,number ,twenty-two--,this cartoon1 without title1 was published in ,vanity ,fair1 on ,july #d1 #ahfc4 ,when ,lee invaded ,pennsylvania to meet defeat at ,gettysburg1 the ,president called upon the ,states of ,new ,york1 ,pennsylvania1 ,maryland and ,west ,virginia1 for #abj1jjj men1 for temporary use1 and they were promptly supplied him4 ,the design under review1 in happy keeping with the day upon which it was issued1 showed ,lincoln holding aloft a flag and calling for volunteers1 who are flocking to him from every side4 ,this was the last time he was cartooned in ,vanity ,fair4 ,a week later that journal ceased to exist4 ,illustration3 #jbc ,plate ,number ,twenty-three--,this cartoon1 ,rowdy ,notions of ,emancipation1 published in ,punch1 on ,august #h1 #ahfc1 has for its subject the lamentable draft riots in ,new ,york ,city4 ,a gang of rioters are shown beating one negro and another lies prostrate on the ground1 while ,president ,lincoln stands at one side1 dismayed but apparently unwilling to put an end to the foul work going on at his elbow4 ,here ,punch's artist is once more needlessly and manifestly unjust1 for if any one deserved censure for the excesses of the draft riots1 ,horatio ,seymour1 then ,governor of ,new ,york1 not ,lincoln1 was the man upon whom the whip should have fallen4 ,illustration3 #jbd ,plate ,number ,twenty-four--,this cartoon1 ,extremes ,meet1 was published in ,punch1 on ,october #bd1 #ahfh4 ,the ,polish insurrection was then in progress1 and the ,american ,president and the ,russian ,czar are depicted triumphantly clasping hands in the foreground of an impressive picture of rapine and desolation4 ,the result sought by the artist is made clear in the appended dialogue3 ,abe--,imperial son of ,nicholas the ,great1 ,we air in the same fix1 ,i calculate1 ,you with your ,poles1 with ,southern rebels1 ,i1 ,who spurn my rule and my revenge defy4 ,alex--,vengeance is mine1 old man2 see where it falls4 ,behold yon hearths laid waste1 and ruined walls1 ,yon gibbets1 where the struggling patriot hangs1 ,whilst my brave myrmidons enjoy his pangs4 ,the ,polish insurrection1 then in progress1 furnishes the motive of this cartoon1 which serves to recall the good will shown by ,russia for the ,union1 when it stood without other friends among the nations4 ,how substantial was this good will furnishes the cue to a chapter in our history which yet remains to be written4 ,a part of this chapter the writer once had from the lips of the late ,simon ,cameron1 of ,pennsylvania4 ,just before ,general ,cameron went to ,russia as ,american ,minister in the early part of #ahfb he was charged with a secret commission4 ,he was directed1 upon the presentation of his letters to the ,russian ,chancellor in ,st4 ,petersburg1 to say that ,president ,lincoln asked that the ,minister might have a personal and confidential interview with the ,czar4 ,if this was accorded he should say to the ,czar that the ,president was troubled about the possibility of interference by ,england or ,france in behalf of the ,confederacy1 and that if the friendship of ,russia was such as to justify the monarch in conveying1 confidentially1 any intimation of his feelings and attitude in such a contingency1 the ,president would be grateful4 ,the interview was accorded1 the message was delivered and the answer was cordial1 and in about these words3 ,the friendship of ,russia for the ,united ,states has long continued1 and is such as to justify the ,president's request4 ,the reply of ,russia is ready4 ,you will convey to ,mr4 ,lincoln my personal regards1 and say that the danger of interference by any ,european nation is exceedingly remote2 but in that improbable contingency1 or upon the appearance of real danger of it1 the friendship of ,russia for the ,united ,states will be made known in a decisive manner1 which no other nation will be able to mistake4 ,this message was duly reported to the ,president4 ,how the ,czar kept his promise came out in an interview which he granted in #ahgi to ,wharton ,barker1 for many years ,russian financial agent in ,america4 ,he said to ,barker3 ,in the autumn of #ahfb ,france and ,england proposed to ,russia in formal 7but not in official7 way1 the joint recognition by ,european nations of the independence of the ,confederate ,states4 ,my immediate answer was3',i will not cooperate in such action1 and ,i will not acquiesce2 but1 on the contrary1 ,i shall accept recognition of the independence of the ,confederate ,states as a casus belli for ,russia1 and that the governments of ,france and ,england may understand that this is no idle threat1 ,i will send a ,pacific fleet to ,san ,francisco and an ,atlantic fleet to ,new ,york4' ,sealed orders were given to both admirals4 ,my fleets arrived at the ,american ports1 there was no recognition of the independence of the ,confederate ,states by ,england and ,france1 the ,american rebellion was put down and the great ,american republic continues4 ,all this ,i did because of love for my own dear ,russia4 ,i acted thus because ,i understood that ,russia would have a more serious task to perform if the ,american republic1 with advanced industrial development1 was broken up and ,england left in control of most branches of modern industrial development4 ,it was ,england's warm resentment of ,russia's attitude that prompted the cartoon under consideration4 ,even more pronounced in its mocking cynicism was ,punch's cartoon for ,november #g1 #ahfc4 ,the tacit alliance between ,russia and the ,united ,states still grated upon ,english sensibilities1 and the artist provoked the multitude to laughter by depicting the ,president as ,mephistopheles saluting the ,russian bear4 ,hard things in plenty were said of ,lincoln1 both at home and abroad1 but this is the only instance in which he was portrayed in ,satan's livery4 ,british malice could go no further than this4 ,illustration3 #jbe ,plate ,number ,twenty-five--,this cartoon1 ,drawing ,things to a ,head1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,november #bh1 #ahfc1 shows how the friendship of ,russia was regarded in the loyal ,states4 ,lincoln1 ensconced in a snug apothecary shop1 watched from the opposite side of the street by ,john ,bull and ,napoleon1 is made to say to ,secretary ,seward1 who is presented as an errand boy with a basket of ,russian salve on his arm3 ,mild applications of ,russian salve for our friends over the way1 and heavy doses and plenty of it for our ,southern patient4 ,illustration3 #jbf ,plate ,number ,twenty-six--,this cartoon1 ,this ,reminds ,me of a ,little ,joke1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,september #ag1 #ahfd1 recalls the extraordinary ,presidential campaign of that year4 ,there was1 during the opening months of #ahfd1 a determined and more or less noisy opposition to the renomination of ,lincoln4 ,this came from two sources--the radical abolitionists1 who chafed at what they called the ,president's half-hearted policy in regard to slavery1 and another element1 which1 while supporting the ,union1 believed that slavery should be let alone2 but it shrank into insignificance as time went on1 and when the ,republican ,convention met at ,baltimore on ,june #g1 ,lincoln was renominated on the first ballot4 ,the ,democratic ,national ,convention was held twelve weeks later in ,chicago4 ,a few days before it met ,president ,lincoln said to a friend3 ,they must nominate a peace ,democrat on a war platform1 or a war ,democrat on a peace platform4 ,the convention chose the second of these alternatives4 ,it adopted a platform which declared the war a failure and demanded an immediate cessation of hostilities1 and it nominated for ,president the best known of all the war ,democrats1 ,general ,george ,b4 ,mc,clellan4 ,the latter's chances of election1 whatever they may have been1 disappeared within a fortnight of his nomination4 ,the course of the war during the summer had been studded thickly with bloody and seemingly indecisive battles4 ,both in the ,east and the ,west the opposing armies were grinding in almost continuous struggle4 ,but ,sherman's capture of ,atlanta and ,farra-gut's entrance into ,mobile harbor1 proved to the people of the ,north that the end was in sight1 and when the ,president called for five hundred thousand more men they came forward rapidly1 a large and valuable percentage of them being volunteers who had served their time under previous enlistments4 ,long before election day it was evident that no prospect remained of ,democratic success4 ,when the polls were closed and the votes counted1 ,lincoln's enormous popular majority of more than #djj1jjj fairly buried the ,mc,clellan electoral tickets4 ,kentucky and ,delaware1 with ,new ,jersey1 testified their disgust with ,emancipation1 but they were of small account in an electoral college of #bcc votes1 wherein #bab were solidly against them4 ,illustration3 #jbg ,plate ,number ,twenty-seven--,this cartoon1 ,the ,american ,brothers2 or1 ,how ,will ,they ,get ,out of ,it1 was published in ,punch on ,november #e1 #ahfd4 ,it has1 in the light of after events1 a touch of humor not intended by the artist4 ,when it was drawn1 the belief was generally prevalent in ,england that ,lincoln's defeat at the coming election was a foregone conclusion4 ,thus1 this cartoon pictures ,lincoln and ,davis bound to adjacent benches by ropes1 significantly labelled ,debts1 but it was still wet from the press when ,lincoln1 as we have just seen1 was re-elected by the largest majority in the electoral college ever given to a candidate4 ,illustration3 #jbh ,plate ,number ,twenty-eight--,this cartoon1 ,long ,abraham ,lincoln a ,little ,longer1 published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,november #bf1 #ahfd1 tells its own story and bears witness to the joyful relief with which the people of the ,north greeted the re-election of ,lincoln4 ,very like the foregoing in spirit and treatment 7and for that reason not reproduced in this place7 is a cartoon published in ,frank ,leslie's ,illustrated ,newspaper on ,december #c1 #ahfd4 ,it bears title1 ,jeff ,davis' ,november ,nightmare1 and places the ,president1 with legs drawn up1 on the bed of the ,confederate leader4 ,is that you still there1 ,long ,abe8 asks the suddenly awakened man4 ,yes1 and ,i am going to be four years longer1 is the reply4 ,illustration3 #jbi ,plate ,number ,twenty-nine--,this cartoon1 ,the ,federal ,phoenix1 was published in ,punch1 on ,december #c1 #ahfd4 ,its character is explained in its title1 and it shows one of those fabled birds1 on which the artist has placed the head of ,lincoln1 rising from a pyre1 the fuel for which is furnished by commerce1 credit1 the ,constitution1 a free press1 habeas corpus and ,state rights4 ,how it impressed the public for whom it was intended can only be conjectured1 but to the eyes of an ,american1 a generation after the death of the man whom it thus held up to condemnation1 it seems as brutal in motive as it is misleading in fact4 ,illustration3 #jcj ,plate ,number ,thirty--,this-cartoon1 ,the ,threatening ,notice1 published in ,punch1 on ,february #bf1 #ahfe1 represents ,lincoln remonstrating with the ,american eagle in the dress of ,uncle ,sam over the ,senate's proposed abrogation of ,canadian treaties4 ,now1 ,uncle ,sam1 the ,president is reported as saying1 you're in a darned hurry to serve this notice on ,john ,bull4 ,now1 it's my duty as your attorney1 to tell you that you may drive him to go over to that cuss1 ,davis4 ,but ,john ,bull was not to be driven over to that cuss1 ,davis4 ,two months later the war was ended1 and ,lincoln dead4 ,punch has caricatured him for the last time4 ,illustration3 #jca ,plate ,number ,thirty-one--,this cartoon1 ,from ,our ,special ,war ,correspondent1 was published in ,harper's ,weekly1 on ,april #ae1 #ahfe4 ,lincoln1 who had lately made his last visit to the front1 was represented1 with a drumhead for a table1 writing from ,city ,point1 ,virginia3 ,all seems well with us4 ,these words1 in the light of after events1 are not without a touch of pathos4 ,when the journal in which they appeared reached its readers1 ,booth's bullet had done its work and ,lincoln had become the gentlest memory in our history4 ,illustration3 #jca ,plate ,number ,thirty-two--,this cartoon1 ,britannia ,sympathizes with ,columbia1 published in ,punch1 on ,may #f1ahfe1 testifies to the world-wide grief which attended the death of the great war ,president1 and shows how strong had become his hold upon all men who love brave deeds and honest lives4 ,britons had not hesitated to criticise and upbraid him living1 but dead they were quick to recognize him as the noblest1 knightliest figure of an age rich above all things else in the number and grandeur of its great men4 ,it has been impossible to trace the authorship of most of the cartoons herewith reproduced from ,harper s ,weekly and ,frank ,leslie's ,illustrated ,newspaper1 but three of them1 at least1 are known to be from the pencil of the elder ,frank ,bellew1 an ,english artist who came to this country to embark with ,john ,brougham in the publication of a short-lived weekly1 called the ,lantern1 later helping to found half a dozen other periodicals4 ,bellew had cleverness and versatility1 and a rich vein of humor1 as the drawings ,sinbad ,lincoln and the ,old ,man of the ,sea1 ,lincoln's ,last ,warning and ,long ,abraham a ,little ,longer bear witness1 but he failed to achieve complete success in his work1 and left no impress upon the political thought of his time4 ,the designer of a majority of the cartoons reproduced from ,vanity ,fair1 which1 between #ahei and #ahfc1 ran a checkered but lively existence1 was the late ,henry ,louis ,stephens1 a man of fertile and incisive wit1 with unusual ability to enforce a pictorial moral by simple yet telling methods4 ,for a brief period ,mr4 ,stephens's attitude toward ,lincoln seems to have been touched by the not always good-natured suspicion with which the public regards a new and comparatively untried man2 but no sooner had ,sumter been fired upon than the artist and his journal became ardent and unswerving in their support of the ,union1 and so continued until the end4 ,stephens's drawings1 though somewhat crude and faulty in method1 are1 nevertheless1 notable for their originality and force4 ,he lacked1 however1 either the inclination or the opportunity to continue in the field for which he had shown so marked an aptitude1 and long before his death1 in #ahhc1 fallen into obscurity4 ,all of the cartoons reproduced from ,london ,punch are from the pencil of ,sir ,john ,tenniel1 who1 in #aija1 concluded half a century of brilliant service on that journal4 ,tenniel was already an artist of repute when he joined the staff of ,punch in #ahea1 and for many years preceding his self-sought retirement he was recognized as incomparably the greatest caricaturist of his time--his pencil a force to be taken into account by sagacious statesmen in every forecast of the drift of public opinion4 ,his range is not a wide one1 yet within its clearly defined limits he is nearly always powerful4 ,although his methods are usually simple1 through them he secures signal breadth and strength1 while now and then he gives an impression of power such as one fancies an ,angelo might have given had he amused himself by drawings reflecting upon the politics of his time4 ,if there was any doubt in official minds respecting the necessity of sending an army to the rescue of ,khartoum1 it vanished when ,tenniel drew his picture of ,general ,gordon standing behind an earthwork and looking across the desert for a glimpse of the expected redcoats4 ,that touched the heart of ,england1 and was more potent than the fiercest denunciation from the ,opposition bench of the ,gladstone ministry's inaction in the ,soudan4 ,tenniel is first of all a satirist1 but he has seldom been either unjust or unfair in his work4 ,his longest and most memorable departure from fairness was when1 in common with the ruling class of ,england generally1 he misinterpreted our ,civil ,war and caricatured the chief actor therein with astonishing perversity4 ,still1 he was not more frequently or more deeply in the wrong than some of our own politicians1 who could not plead his excuse of distance from the scene1 and1 to his credit1 be it said1 when once convinced of his error he made prompt and generous amends therefor4 ,nothing could have been more fitting nor finer in its way than his design1 already referred to1 which showed ,britannia laying a wreath on the bier of the martyred ,president and which was accompanied by these appreciative lines from the pen of ,tom ,taylor3 ,you lay a wreath on murdered ,lincoln's bier1 ,you1 who with mocking pencil wont to trace1 ,brood for the self-complacent ,british sneer1 ,his length of shambling limb1 his furrowed face1 ,his gaunt1 gnarled hands1 his unkept1 bristling hair1 ,his garb uncouth1 his bearing ill at ease1 ,his lack of all we prize as debonair1 ,of power or will to shine1 of art to please4 ,you1 whose smart pen backed up the pencil's laugh1 ,judging each step as though the way were plain2 ,reckless1 so it could point its paragraph1 ,of chief's perplexity1 or people's pain4 ,beside this corpse that bears for winding sheet ,the stars and stripes he lived to rear anew2 ,between the mourners at his head and feet1 ,say1 scurril jester1 is there room for you8 ,yes1 he has lived to shame me for my sneer1 ,to lame my pencil and confute my pen-- ,to make me own this hind of princes peer1 ,this rail-splitter1 a true-born king of men4 ,my shallow judgment ,i have learned to rue1 ,noting how to occasion's height he rose2 ,how his quaint wit made home-truth seem more true1 ,how1 iron-like1 his temper grew by blows4 ,how humble yet how hopeful he could be2 ,how in good fortune and in ill the same2 ,nor bitter in success nor boastful he1 ,thirsty for gold1 nor feverish for fame4 ,he went about his work1 such work as few ,ever had laid on head and heart and hand1 ,as one who knows where there's a task to do1 ,man's honest will must ,heaven's good grace command2 ,who trusts the strength will with the burden grow1 ,that ,god makes instruments to work ,his will1 ,if but that will we can arrive to know1 ,nor tamper with the weights of good and ill4 ,so he went forth to battle on the side ,that he felt clear was ,liberty's and ,right's1 ,as in his peasant boyhood he had plied ,his warfare with rude ,nature's thwarting mights2 ,the uncleared forest1 the unbroken soil1 ,the iron-bark that turns the lumberer's ax1 ,the rapid that o'erbears the boatman's toil1 ,the prairie1 hiding the mazed wanderer's tracks1 ,the ambushed ,indian and the prowling bear-- ,such were the deeds that helped his youth to train3 ,rough culture1 but such trees large fruit may bear1 ,if but their stocks be of right girth and grain4 ,so he grew up1 a destined work to do1 ,and lived to do it2 four long-suffering years' ,ill-fate1 ill-feeling1 ill-report1 lived through1 ,and then he heard the hisses changed to cheers1 ,the taunts to tribute1 the abuse to praise1 ,and took both with the same unwavering mood2 ,till1 as he came on light1 from darkling days1 ,and seemed to touch the goal from where he stood1 ,a felon hand1 between the goal and him1 ,reached from behind his back1 a trigger prest1 ,and those perplexed and patient eyes were dim1 ,those gaunt1 long-laboring limbs were laid to rest6 ,the words of mercy were upon his lips1 ,forgiveness in his heart and on his pen1 ,when his vile murderer brought swift eclipse ,to thoughts of peace on earth1 good will to men4 ,the ,old ,world and the ,new1 from sea to sea1 ,utter one voice of sympathy and shame6 ,sore heart1 so stopped when it at last beat high1 ,sad life1 cut short1 just as its triumph came4 ,a deed accurst6 ,strokes have been struck before ,by the assassin's hand1 whereof men doubt ,if more of honor or disgrace they bore2 ,but thy foul crime1 like ,cain's1 stands darkly out4 ,vile hand1 that brandest murder on a strife1 ,whate'er its grounds1 stoutly and nobly driven2 ,and with the martyr's crown crownest a life1 ,with much to praise1 little to be forgiven4