,,! ,,*ur*es ,,& ,,mod]n ,,?\ght ,,an ,,inquiry ,,into ,,! ,,gr\nds ,,( ,,unbelief ,,& ,,an ,,appeal ,,= ,,c&\r ,,by ,,philip ,,vivian ,m5 are nev] s likely to settle a "q rightly z :5 !y discuss x freely4 --,macaulay4 ,london3 ,,watts ,,co41 #ag1 ,,johnson',s ,,c\rt1 ,,fleet ,,/reet4 ,e4,c4 #aiaa ,,to ,,my ,,wife ,,& ,,*ildr5 ,,cont5ts ,preface to ,fir/ ,edition ,preface to ,second ,edition ,preface to ,?ird ,edition ,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,gravity ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,situation #a4 ,! ,tru? ( ! ,matt] #b4 ,! ,attitude ( ! ,laity #c4 ,*ri/ianity & ,sci5ce n ,reconcil$ #d4 ,! ,g5esis & ,"* ( ! ,new ,outbur/ #e4 ,apologetics ,f\nd ,want+ #f4 ,m ,?+s ,:i* ,confuse ! ,issue ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,extraord9>y ,,/ate ,,( ,,apologetics ,,) ,,reg>d ,,to ,,miracles #a4 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks ,! ,view ( ,sci5ce ,:y ,h ,miracles ,ceas$8 ,belief 9 ,miracles ,ess5tial #b4 ,miracle ,apologetics #c4 ,! ,fundam5tal ,miracles ,! ,resurrection ,! ,asc5sion ,! ,inc>nation ,conclud+ ,rem>ks ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,de/ructive ,,"* ,,( ,,mod]n ,,bible ,,criticism #a4 ,cla%+ ,views on ,bible ,criticism #b4 ,a ,summ>y ( ! ,results ( ,bible ,criticism #c4 ,by ,:om ! ,high] ,criticism is ,accept$ #d4 ,admissions by ,or?odox ,apologi/s #e4 ,"s ,rema9+ ,difficulties ,we ,mu/ ,accept ! ,:ole or ,reject ! ,:ole ,sil5ce ( ,hi/orians ,?\ghts on ,tradition ,z ,god's ,me?od = ,! ,transmission ( ,tru? ,to ,po/]ity ,! ,alleg$ ,s9lessness ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ,! ,ignorance ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,grave ,,suspicions ,,ar\s$ ,,by ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,anci5t ,,beliefs #a4 ,! ,new ,!ological ,!ory ( a ,progressive ,revelation #b4 ,p>allels 9 ,anci5t ,religions1 & ,"s ,rem>ks ,^u ,!m ,kri%na & ,buddha ,p>allels ,o!r ,?an ,kri%na & ,buddha ,are ! ,kri%na & ,buddha ,leg5ds ,borr[$ f ,*ri/ianity8 #c4 ,p>allels 9 ! ,beliefs ( ,primitive ,man1 ,& ,"s ,rem>ks ,^u ,!m ,! ,religions ( ,anci5t ,am]ica ,vegetation ,gods ,:y ,m5 ,eat ,_! ,god #d4 ,! ,sol> ,my? ,jonah & ! ,:ale ,anticipations ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,sol> ,my?s ,! ,*ri/ian ,!ory ,ignor$ by ,sci5ce ,! ,sun ,z a ,symbol #e4 ,conclud+ ,rem>ks on ,*ri/ian & ,anti-,*ri/ian ,!ories ,argum5t f ,ess5ism ,argum5t f ,mi?raism ,*apt] ,v4 ,,irreconcilable ,,difficulties ,,connect$ ,,) ,,evolution #a4 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks ,! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution ,d>w9ism ,! ,av]age ,p]son's ,ideas on ! ,evolution ( ,man ,! ,attitude ( ! ,*ur* #b4 ,nature ,r$ 9 ,too? & ,claw #c4 ,! ,bible ,acc\nt ( ,creation ,irreconcilable ) ,sci5ce 9 ,ea* & ,e ,respect #d4 ,pro(s ( our ,animal ,orig9 ,! ,extraord9>y ,aff9ity ( ,bodily ,/ructure ,! ,revelations ( ,embryology ,! ,tale ,told by ! ,useless ,rudim5t>y ,organs #e4 ,! ,ov]?r[ ( ! ,doctr9es ( ! ,fall & ,orig9al ,s9 ,! ,importance ( ! ,"q ,an ,in/ructive ,criticism ,! ,bi%op ( ,worce/]'s ,!ory ,! ,ar*deacon ( ,man*e/]'s ,!ory ,! ,rationali/'s ,!ory ,conclusions ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,failure ,,( ,,!i/ic ,,argum5ts #a4 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks ,!ism1 & ,:o ,are ,!i/s #b4 ,! ,exi/5ce ( a ,fir/ ,cause--,an ,uncaus$ ,cause #c4 ,! ,fir/ ,cause an ,intellig5ce ,design & ,directivity ,directivity ,design ,diff]5ces ( ,op9ion ,among ,!i/ic ,apologi/s #d4 ,! ,fir/ ,cause a ,b5efic5t ,intellig5ce ,a ,p]sonal ,god ,div9e ,imman5ce 9 ,nature ,a ,fact 9 ,hi/ory ,! ,pa/ & ,pres5t ,position ( ! ,e?ical ,argum5t ,evil = :i* ,man is n ,held ,responsible ,evil = :i* ,man is ,held ,responsible ,consci5ce ,free-w #e4 ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce ,my/icism & ,conv]sion ,! ,psy*ology ( ,pray] ,! ,religi\s 787 ,exp]i5ces ( ,intoxication ,music & ! ,emotions ,sexual ,love ,revivalism #f4 ,! ,inevitable ,conclusion ,note on ,religion & ,philosophy ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,fallacies ,,9 ,,popul> ,,argum5ts #a4 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks--,! ,p[] ( ,*ri/ianity = ,good #b4 ,*ri/ianity ,woman's ,be/ ,fri5d #c4 ,! ,ov]?r[ ( ,*ri/ianity ,w\ld ,endang] ,society & ! ,nation #d4 ,! ,spread ( ,*ri/ianity a ,pro( ( its ,tru? #e4 ,! ,noble ,army ( ,m>tyrs #f4 ,! ,univ]sality ( ! ,religi\s ,in/9ct ,! ,hypo!sis ,/at$ ,! ,rationali/'s ,cont5tion ,! ,apologi/'s ,views conc]n+ ,sup]/ition & ! ,religi\s ,in/9ct ,beliefs ( ,savage ,man ,magic & ,religion ,religion 9 ,mod]n ,*9a ,apo/ates 9 ,*ri/5dom ,religion 9 ,mod]n ,japan ,classical ,hi/ory ,note on ,human ,s5tim5t z to a ,future ,life ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,conclusion #a4 ,a ,summ>y #b4 ,:y ,lead a ,moral ,life8 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks ,! ,necessity = ,morality ,uselessness ( ,vague ,?reats ,! ,ne$ = an ,e>ly ,education 9 ,e?ical ,pr9ciples ,! ,object-,lesson ,furni%$ by ! ,japanese ,crim9ality ,our ,aids ,! ,importance ( a ,k ( ! ,orig9 ( ,morality ,op9ions ( ,e?ici/s ,note on ,sy/ematic ,moral ,in/ruction #c4 ,%\ld ! ,tru? be ,told8 7a7 ,magna e/ v]itas et prvalebit 7b7 ,obscurantism has _h its ,day 7c7 ,! ,effect on ,morality 7d7 ,! ,real ,dang] 7e7 ,! ,consolations ( ,belief1 & ! ,di/ress we may ,cause by our ,c&\r 7f7 ,c we ,alt] ,p's ,beliefs8 7g7 ,c ,beliefs be ,useful ?\gh ,false8 7h7 ,is a ,new ,religion ,requir$8 7i7 ,:y be s ,impati5t ( ,error8 #d4 ,! ,outlook #e4 ,conclud+ ,rem>ks ,app5dix ,index ,an edition ( ?is book is issu$ 9 clo? at #as4 #f;d4 net1 & ano!r on sup]ior pap]1 gilt lett]$1 at #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,preface ,,to ,,fir/ ,,edition ,:at does a man seek :5 he exam9es 8 religi\s cre$8 ,to ?is "q ,canon ,liddon replies z foll[s3--,he seeks intellectual satisfaction & moral support4 ,8 intellect asks = reliable in=mation ^u c]ta9 subjects ( ! mo/ mom5t\s importance4 ,h[ does he come "h8 ,:i!r is he go+8 ,:at is ! purpose & drift ( ! v>i\s =ms ( exi/5ce ar\nd him8 ,above all1 :at is ! nature1 :at are ! attributes & dispositions1 ( t ,be+ to :om ! highe/ ye>n+s ( 8 inmo/ self con/antly po9t z ! true object ( 8 exi/5ce8 ,9 ask+ t ! answ]s to ^! que/ions %all be def9ite1 t :at is c]ta9 %all be affirm$ z c]ta91 :at is d\btful z d\btful1 :at is false z false1 he is only ask+ t 8 religi\s in=mation %all be pres5t$ 9 z cle> & practical a %ape z 8 in=mation on o!r subjects4 ,9 no dep>tm5t ( human k is haz9ess deem$ a m]it2 by no?+ is an educat$ m9d m di/+ui%$ ?an by a resolute ef=t to m>k ! exact fronti]s ( its k & its ignorance2 to hesitate only :5 hesitation is necess>y2 to despair ( k only :5 k is asc]ta9ably out ( rea*4 ,surely on ! highe/ & mo/ mom5t\s ( all subjects ?is same precision may be ask$ = ) rev]5ce & 9 reason2 surely ! human m9d is n b\nd to =get its noble/ in/9cts :5 x approa*es ! ?rone & pres5ce ( its ,mak]8 7,"s ,elem5ts ( ,religion1 p4 #bd74 ,aga91 9 8 ,new ,ye>'s message = #aije1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury condemns indiff]5ce to tru? z a vice1 & drift+ along ! curr5t ( popul> op9ion z a s94 ,he invites & p]suades u to use ! sadly-neglect$ p[]s & privileges ( rational ?\ght & common s5se4 ,! duty ( ?9k+1 !re=e1 is n[ recognis$ by ! ,*ur*--x 0 n =m]ly4 ,b :at w be ! result ( ?is ?9k+8 ,9 8 book1 ,! ,he>ts ( ,m51 ,mr4 ,field+ tells u t no man has ev] sat d[n calmly unbiass$ to reason out 8 religion1 & n end$ by reject+ x4 ,mr4 ,field+ adds3 ,! great m51 :o h be5 always religi\s1 d n invalidate :at ,i say4444 ,!re is no assumption m fallaci\s ?an t1 because a man is a ke5 reason] on "o subject1 he is also on ano!r4 ,m5 :o are /rictly religi\s1 :o believe 9 _! fai?1 :atev] _! fai? may be1 consid] x above pro(1 beyond argum5t4444 ,x is emotion1 n reason2 feel+1 n induction4 7,! ,he>ts ( ,m51 pp4 #adb-c47 ,does n ?is deep & sympa!tic writ] furni% u ) a true picture ( m5's he>ts8 ,:at if1 aft] ex]cis+ _! privileges ( rational ?\ght & common s5se1 ! majority ( m5 f9d t ,*ri/ianity no long] gives !m ei!r intellectual satisfaction or moral support8 ,:at if !y f9ally arrive at ! conclusion t ,*ri/ianity & all sup]natural beliefs are b ! survival ( primitive sup]/itions :i* c no long] be> ! light ( mod]n k8 ,^! are ! grave que/ions :i* n[ confront u4 ,a man may ent]1 & g5]ally does ent]1 ^u 8 inquiry biass$ 9 fav\r ( religi\s belief ( "s k9d4 ,he approa*es ! subject 9 a rev]5t frame ( m9d4 ,9 8 private pray]s to 8 ,god he does n neglect to ask = heav5ly guidance4 ,he ev9ces precisely ! _s :i* a div9e w\ld consid] becom+4 ,b z 8 inquiry proce$s !re comes a "t :5 8 religi\s bias disappe>s--:5 he c no long] feel :at he c\ld hone/ly call rev]5ce4 ,he discov]s t :at he ?\ght 0 kn[n1 & _h actually be5 reveal$1 is unkn[n4 ,h[ c he believe 9 & wor%ip ! ,unkn[n8 ,m ?an ev] he feels 8 own insignificance & ignorance2 b ! feel+ ?us excit$1 :ile ak9 to awe1 is dive/$ ( rev]5ce4 ,pursu+ 8 se>* f> en\gh1 he succe$s 9 extricat+ himself f a quagmire ( demon/rably false sup]/itions4 ,f9ally he rea*es solid gr\nd1 & builds 8 life ^u x4 ,un=tunately1 _m nev] pursue _! inquiry up to ?is /age2 !y become fe>ful1 or !y give x up z a hopeless entanglem5t1 or !y f9d !y h n ! requisite leisure4 ,p]haps1 !re=e1 ! in=mation ga9$ by "o ( ! m =tunate may be ( "s little s]vice to o!rs4 ,x w be my endeav\r to set =? 9 ?is book n only ! de/ructive1 b also ! con/ructive1 results ( a se>* = tru?4 ,p4 ,v4 ,janu>y1 #aijf4 ,,preface ,,to ,,second ,,edition ,?is book1 writes "o ( its cl]ical critics1 #a is evid5tly ! hone/1 outspok5 op9ion ( "o :o1 hav+ be5 br\ght up 9 an unque/ion+ acceptance ( ! or?odox doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 has gradually drift$ into ! extreme ( ,rationalism4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t my fri5d is "r4 ,i 0 inde$ br\ght up 9 an unque/ion+ acceptance ( ! or?odox tea*+s ( ,*ri/ianity2 b1 :ile my conv]sion to ,rationalism has c]ta9ly be5 gradual1 ,i may fairly claim t ! process has be5 some?+ v diff]5t f m]ely drift+4 ,long & c>eful /udy1 ! reluctant ab&onm5t ( a *]i%$ belief1 ! adoption ( an attitude :i* is unpopul> & :i* di/resses _m :o are ne> & de> to me1 ! practical application ( ! pr9ciples ( ,rationalism to daily life1 involv+ z x does ! s]i\s /ep ( br++ up my *ildr5 9 /rict accordance ) my firm convictions--^! are surely n ! ways ( "o :o has p]mitt$ himself to drift4 ,a man might--he (t5 does--drift into indiff]5tism1 or1 n[ t !ology is s lib]al & het]odoxy s rife1 into latitud9>ianism1 b h>dly into ! extreme ( ,rationalism4 ,i take ?is opportunity ( cordially ?ank+ all :o h assi/$ me1 & specially ,i h to ?ank ,mr4 ,joseph ,mc,cabe & ,dr4 ,h4 ,d4 ,r4 ,k+/on = read+ ! ,,ms4 & ! pro(s 9 all _! /ages1 & = po9t+ out v]bal inaccuracies & sugge/+ improvem5ts bo? 9 ! matt] & 9 ! mann] ( pres5t+ x4 ,i am also mu* indebt$ to a lady1 :o does n wi% h] "n to appe>1 = light5+ ! task ( pro( correction4 ,p4 ,v4 ,janu>y1 #aijg4 ,,preface ,,to ,,?ird ,,edition ,! pres5t edition consi/s ( #aj1jjj copies1 br++ ! total issue to #ca1jjj4 ,ap>t f a few alt]ations 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) anci5t beliefs1 ! "w is un*ang$4 ,p4 ,v4 ,april1 #aiaa4 ,,! ,,situation ,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,gravity ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,situation #a4 ,! ,tru? ( ! ,matt]4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u an inquiry into religi\s unbelief1 we ne$ to =m a correct e/imate ( its preval5ce4 ,if1 z _m w\ld h u ?9k1 !re is no?+ unusual 9 ! pres5t situation--if ! age ( fai? is return+1 #b x is h>dly wor? :ile to ent] ^u ?is inquiry at all4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! =ces ho/ile to ! ,*ri/ian fai? diff] ess5tially f ^? t /irr$ up waves ( scepticism 9 ! pa/--if !re is ov]:elm+ evid5ce t belief among educat$ m5 is fa/ decay+1 x is surely high "t to inve/igate ! gr\nds ( unbelief1 & to welcome ! fulle/ discussion conc]n+ ! be/ means ( deal+ ) an entirely new & extremely grave situation4 ,x is only ! %orte/-sight$ policy t w\ld %elve a disagreeable "q until mis*ief _h occurr$4 ,x is bett] to face ! facts4 ,f e po9t ( view1 concealm5t reg>d+ a "q ( su* vital importance z ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity is to be deplor$2 :ile an attitude ( indiff]5ce on a subject t %\ld be ( surpass+ int]e/ to u all c only be *>act]is$ z amaz+--unless1 inde$1 ! real explanation be t m5 h ceas$ to believe4 ,we mu/1 !n1 det]m9e1 9 ! fir/ place1 :e!r we are witness+ simply a wave ( scepticism t w %ortly subside aga91 or :e!r ! pres5t situation 9 ! religi\s _w is altoge!r unprec$5t$4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] w be/ be le>nt f ! lips ( ^? to :om pessimi/ic admissions mu/ be peculi>ly di/ress+1 & :o w\ld !re=e be ! la/ ei!r to raise a false al>m or to be guilty ( an exagg]ation4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,london has w>n$ u #c t ! tru? ( ! matt] really is t all ov] ,europe a great conflict is be+ f\ght betwe5 ! old fai? 9 a sup]natural revelation & a gr[+ disbelief 9 x4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,salisbury lately #d said3 ,!re has be5 reveal$ to u ! t]rible & pa9ful fact t a great _m are giv+ up public wor%ip1 & t a l>ge proportion ( ! p ( ,engl& pay little att5tion to religion at all4 ,n long ago ,"l ,hugh ,cecil express$ #e ! same op9ion 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,on all sides !re are signs ( ! decay ( ! ,fai?4 ,p d n g to *ur*1 or1 if !y g1 x is = ! sake ( ! music1 or = "s non-religi\s motive4 ,! evid5ce is ov]:elm+ t ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity h pass$ into ! region ( d\bt4 ,f ,dr4 ,horton we le>n t va/ numb]s ( p 9 ,engl& to-day h =sak5 ! be/ & highe/ ideal ( life kn[n to !m be=e !y h f\nd a bett] & high]4444 ,:ile ,pr(essor ,haeckel & ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] d 9 _! way (f] an alt]native1 & pres5t to u ! solution ( ! great enigma accord+ to _! light1 ! bulk ( p 9 our day surr5d] ! old & tri$ ideal1 fl+ x aside1 assume t x is discr$it$1 live )\t x1 & make no s]i\s attempt to f9d a bett] ideal4 #f ,are !re n indications1 moreov]1 ev]y:]e 9 ! lit]ature ( ! day8 ,! works ( "s ( our greate/ s*ol>s are ei!r cov]tly or op5ly agno/ic4 ,! m ?\ghtful ( our magaz9es1 su* z ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,indep5d5t ,review1 etc41 are cont9ually publi%+ articles :i* teem ) het]odoxy4 ,! ,d ,we ,believe8 correspond5ce 9 ! ,daily ,telegraph 7n to m5tion ! m rec5t controv]sies 9 ! ,/&>d1 ,daily ,mail1 & ,daily ,news7 0 )\t prec$5t1 & highly significant ( ! pres5t /ate ( religi\s unre/4 ,9 a lecture report$ 9 ! ,tablet1 ,fa!r ,g]>d voic$ ! gr[+ feel+ ( appreh5sion :5 he ref]r$ to ! ,d ,we ,believe8 controv]sy & ! amaz+ success ( ! ,rationali/ ,press ,association z indicat+ a situation ( ! utmo/ gravity1 z gravely disquiet+ z any ) :i* 9 h] long c>e] ! ,*ur* has ev] be5 confront$4 ,also x may be notic$ t organis$ ef=ts h comm5c$ all ov] ,engl& to answ] inquiries conc]n+ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity by means ( apologetic lit]ature & lectures4 ,:at d ^! inquiries port5d8 ,! reply is giv5 9 ! w>n+ ( ! ,rev4 ,m>k ,pattison 9 8 essay on ,t5d5cies ( ,religi\s ,?\ght 9 ,engl&4 ,:5 an age1 he says1 is f\nd occupi$ 9 prov+ its cre$1 ?is is b a tok5 t ! age has ceas$ to h a prop] belief 9 x4 ,:i*ev] way we turn ! same spectacle confronts u4 ,9 ,france especially1 & also 9 ,sw$51 ,d5m>k1 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 ,belgium1 ,italy1 ,spa91 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,nic>agua1 ,ecuador1 ,brazil1 & ,arg5t9a 7:]e ! m5 are practically all agno/ics71 free?\ght is mak+ rapid progress4 ,only 9 ,russia1 :]e n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! population are un$ucat$1 is ! gr[? small & conf9$ to ! intellectuals4 ,nev] 9 ! _w's hi/ory has !re be5 s mu* disbelief 9 ! sup]natural2 &1 ) ! advance ( sci5ce & education1 ?is disbelief appe>s likely to be "o day almo/ univ]sal4 ,militant ,rationalism is jubilant2 :ile ! pa/or ( ! ,!i/ic ,*ur* #g proclaims3 ,i see a battle com+4 ,i d n1 l ,fr\de1 pr$ict t x w be f\ght once m1 z ( old1 9 blood & te>s2 b ,i am z c]ta9 z ,i am ( to-morr['s dawn t a mighty conflict is at h& :i* w revolutionise ! religi\s ?\ght & feel+ ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,x is %e] folly = ! ,*ur* to com=t h]self ) ! reflection t ?is is n ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity t disbelief has manife/$ itself4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,*ur* ! h]etic 0 n 9 possession ( ! k t we h s9ce acquir$4 ,he c\ld n support 8 views1 z he c n[1 ) ! facts ( sci5ce4 ,at e /ep he c\ld be met by argum5ts :i* he _h no adequate means ( refut+1 & if he d>$ to d5y ! sup]natural !re 0 an enorm\s prepond]ance ( public op9ion aga9/ him4 ,inde$1 he himself g5]ally believ$ 9 ! sup]natural1 ?\gh he 0 sceptical ( ! p>ticul> evid5ce ( x on :i* ,*ri/ianity _h be5 f\nd$4 ,ret>d$ by ,*ri/ianity itself--or1 %all we say1 by its int]pret]s8--k 0 unable to advance2 x rec$$1 & ! clock 0 put back 9 sci5tific rese>*4 ,d>kness reign$ supreme = ov] a ?\s& ye>s4 ,at la/ ! dawn began to break4 ,:at 0 ! result8 ,! *ildr5 ( light suff]$ = _! tem]ity2 b _! ideas 7 ev5tually absorb$1 & beliefs 7 suitably re=m$4 ,?us ! ,cop]nican sy/em 0 gradually accept$1 & s 7 ! discov]ies :i* foll[$1 up to fifty ye>s ago4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 ! e/abli%$ beliefs receiv$ %ock aft] %ock 9 rapid succession--%ocks f :i* !y d n yet %[ any promise ( recov]+4 ,! myriads ( worlds 9 ! processes ( bir? & dea?2 ! va/ antiquity ( ! e>?2 ! long hi/ory ( man & 8 animal orig92 ! reign ( natural law1 & ! consequ5t discr$it ( ! sup]natural2 ! suspicions ar\s$ by ! /udy ( comp>ative my?ology2 ! difficulties ( lit]al inspiration2 ! d\bt ?r[n by ! ,high] ,criticism on _m *]i%$ beliefs--^! & ! l h %ak5 ! v f\ndations ( our fai?1 & are ! cause ( agno/icism among ! va/ majority ( our lead]s ( ?\ght & sci5ce4 ,ecclesia/ics1 h[ev]1 ) c]ta9 notable exceptions1 appe> to be lab\r+ "u ! delusion t a reconciliation has tak5 place ( late betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce1 & t ! voice ( ! ,high] ,criticism has be5 hu%$--at lea/1 !y are cont9ually assur+ u to ?is effect4 ,!y rema9 "u ?is delusion = two reasons4 ,fir/1 because !y are m or less ignorant ( sci5ce & ( ! prepond]at+ op9ion ( ! sci5tific _w conc]n+ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,secondly1 because !y are lull$ into a feel+ ( security ?r\gh misconceptions reg>d+ ! attitude ( ! laity4 ,!re appe>s to be ! same1 or ne>ly ! same1 av]age ( religi\s con=mity z h]et(ore1 & ! cons5sus ( op9ion seems to be all on ! side ( *ur* & *apel4 ,any fall+ (f 9 religi\s f]v\r is attribut$ to %e] c>elessness r ?an to unbelief4 ,f ! days ( ,huxley until q lately !re h be5 no attacks ^u ,*ri/ianity wor? m5tion+4 ,! ,*ur*es fail to realise t ?is religi\s con=mity & goodwill t[>ds ! ,*ri/ian fai? has g5]ally no connection :atev] ) a conviction ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 & t1 :]e !re is ?is conviction1 x is usually among ^? :o are ignorant ( ! *ief causes = suspicion4 ,i propose1 !re=e1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to exam9e "s ( ! m usual types among ! laity4 ,obvi\sly1 9 do+ s ,i %all be omitt+ a great _m %ades ( ?\ght4 ,i %all say v little ab\t ! op9ions ( ! g5u9e believ] or ( ! hopelessly ?\ghtless1 & no?+ ( ! op9ions ( evil-liv]s4 ,my object is to set =? ! types :i* are mo/ likely to h be5 misund]/ood by ! cl]gy4 #b4 ,! ,attitude ( ! ,laity4 ,let u comm5ce1 !n1 ) ! sceptical4 ,!y are n incl9$1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 to propagate _! views4 ,rightly or wrongly1 !y /ill hold ! popul> op9ion t1 :ile !y !mselves c disp5se ) belief1 ! masses _c4 ,all t is ask$ ( a cultur$ man is t he keep 8 op9ion to himself4 ,he may be an agno/ic or--:e!r he realises x or n--practically an a!i/2 b he mu/ n ?9k ( call+ himself by su* ugly names4 ,! un$ucat$ free?9k]1 our mod]n philosoph] w say1 manife/s a ,phili/9e ,voltaireanism--a _s n[ disapprov$ by s*ol>s & philosoph]s1 :o reg>d ) s]i\s consid]ation all ! manife/ations & products ( human ?\ght1 f ! e>lie/ feti*ism to ! mo/ rec5t developm5ts ( t religi\s t5d5cy :i* appe>s to be a con/itutional elem5t 9 man4 ,su* high ?\ghts1 accord+ to ?is philosoph]1 are n = ! common h]d1 :o mu/ cont9ue to wall[ 9 _! ignorance1 fe$+ on husks1 :i*1 h[ev] unsuitable = 8 own ref9$ dige/ion1 w s]ve well en\gh to n\ri% ! religi\s in/9cts ( ! masses4 ,if ( a my/ical turn ( m9d1 he w tell y t ,*ri/ianity1 l all o!r religions1 may be b a symbol ( a great ,reality2 & ?is p]son1 ?\gh sceptical reg>d+ ! ,*ri/ian dogmas1 w possibly consid] himself a ,*ri/ian4 ,or1 aga91 he may be )\t any lean+ t[>ds my/icism1 & m]ely hold t religion1 if s9c]e1 is bett] = ! m9d ?an scepticism4 ,bett] a belat$ & imp]fect religion1 he w say1 ?an none at all4 ,! he>t has its claims on our consid]ation z well z ! intellect4 ,/udy ,comte's ,g5]al ,view ( ,positivism4 ,_m agno/ics are j z firmly conv9c$ z believ]s t _! c\ntry's prosp]ity is b\nd up ) ! ,*ri/ian belief4 ,?is is l>gely due to _! /ill cl++ to ! ,*ur*'s tea*+ conc]n+ belief & morals4 ,x is well to rememb]1 h[ev]1 t ! feel+ on ?is po9t ( ! av]age cultur$ ,fr5*man or ,italian is q ! opposite4 ,! measures n[ be+ tak5 by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t aga9/ ! cl]gy are bas$ ^u ! cont5tion t ! ,*ur*'s influ5ce is injuri\s to ! ,/ate's welf>e2 & ?is feel+ has rea*$ su* a pit* t ,republican employees h>dly d>e admit _! att5dance at div9e wor%ip4 ,dur+ ,septemb]1 #aijd1 ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t ext5d$ a cordial welcome to a ,free?\ght ,congress1 & ! proce$+s 7 op5$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,in/ruction4 ,b ! av]age ,engli%man1 be he ev] s sure ( ! falsity ( ! ,*ri/ian dogmas1 c =esee no?+ b immorality & an>*y z ! result ( ! ov]?r[ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,cui bono8 ,quo vadis8 he cries4 ,leave well alone6 ,x is easy en\gh to %[ t ,*ri/ianity is false1 b :at h y to put 9 its place8 ,:at we want n[ is con/ruction1 n criticism & ! flogg+ ( a dy+ cre$4 ,he =gets1 x seems to me1 t p _c be hoodw9k$ = ev]1 & t1 z ,mr4 ,fr\de tells u1 ! ,re=mation 0 br\ght ab\t by p refus+ any long] to believe a lie4 ,9 addition to ?is conc]n = ! public weal1 ! sceptic is influ5c$ by motives ( exp$i5cy4 ,he is well aw>e ( ! odium he w\ld incur %\ld he proclaim 8 het]odox views conc]n+ ! popul> religion4 ,su* publicity might spoil 8 pr(essional c>e]1 be ! dea?-bl[ ( 8 ambitions1 cause him consid]able pecuni>y loss1 ali5ate ! fri5ds he mo/ values1 &1 wor/ ( all1 de/roy ! happ9ess ( 8 home life4 ,= ^! & simil> reasons we f9d1 9 ! case ( ! half-believ]1 t he does n c>e to v]ify 8 d\bts1 b pref]s to leave 8 op9ions vague en\gh to be able to call himself a broad-m9d$ ,*ri/ian4 ,:e!r half-believ+ or di/9ctly agno/ic1 he usually holds t v common op9ion reg>d+ wom51 *ildr51 & religion--t1 h[ev] little /ore a man may set by belief1 x is wise to enc\rage x 9 ! wom5 folk1 & also to h& ov] ! *ildr5 to !m = _! religi\s in/ruction4 ,besides1 militant agno/icism is n ! fa%ion4 ,x is look$ ^u z bad =m1 or z smack+ ( socialism4 ,indiff]5ce is mu* ! easi] attitude4 ,or1 aga91 ! av]age man is dispos$ to tru/ to ! progress ( sci5ce & ! ultimate triumph ( tru?1 & sees no reason :y he %\ld make any ef=t t[>ds %ort5+ ! p]iod ( transition4 ,9 8 contempt = ! ef=ts ( ! l[ly born & indig5t secul>i/s1 he =gets t ! greate/ *anges 9 ! _w's hi/ory h be5 br\ght ab\t f ! smalle/ beg9n+s by ^! v l[] ord]s he affects to despise4 ,9 our own times1 0 x n work+ m5 :o fir/ set 9 motion a revolution t w ev5tually re=m ,russia8 ,p]haps ! commone/ attitude ( ! man 9 ! /reet1 :atev] 8 mann] ( belief may be1 is "o ( good-natur$ indiff]5ce--an acquiesc5ce 9 ?+s z !y are4 ,abs5ce ( ! critical _s or ( anxi\s-m9d$ness1 or ( bo?1 r5d]s x easy = him to take ?+s z he f9ds !m1 mu* aft] ! mann] ( 8 primeval ance/ors4 ,8 m9d w n occupy itself ) aught b ! pres5t4 ,naturally1 too1 he feels v /rongly t :at appe>s to make o!rs happy %\ld n be di/urb$4 ,9 all ?is he makes v>i\s que/ionable assumptions1 :i* ,i am consid]+ 9 subsequ5t *apt]s ( ?is book4 ,x is unnecess>y to ref] to ! op9ions ( ! militant agno/ic1 z ?is type c\ld nev] be accus$ ( deceiv+ ! ,*ur*4 ,h[ev]1 x maybe not$ t ,mr4 ,blat*=d says1 9 ! ,cl>ion ( ,febru>y #crd1 #aije3 ,s f> z ,i am conc]n$1 ,i attack$ religion because ,i believe x to be untrue1 & because x seems to me to b> ! way to lib]ty & happ9ess4 ,! attack ^u religion is a "p ( a task ,i h set myself4 ,!re are /atesm5 & o!r p]sons ( influ5ce :o are z incr$ul\s z ,mr4 ,blat*=d reg>d+ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity2 b !y d n1 app>5tly1 hold t ,*ri/ianity b>s ! way to lib]ty & happ9ess 7,i give !m cr$it = be+ rul$ by ! highe/ motives71 & s ! ,*ur* has _! support4 ,x is a weird arrangem5t betwe5 ,unbelief & ,belief1 :i* _c possibly la/ mu* long]2 mean:ile1 x t5ds to confuse & delay ! answ] to t grave/ ( que/ions3 ,is ,*ri/ianity true8 ,leav+ ! sceptic1 let u exam9e ano!r extremely common type--! man :o is "u ! impression t he is a ,*ri/ian1 )\t ei!r be+ p>ticul>ly dev\t or hav+ inquir$ at all deeply into ! gr\nds ( 8 fai?4 ,he is ignorant ( ! causes = d\bt1 because he has n _h1 or has n c>$ to af=d1 any "t = su* matt]s4 ,i d n ref] s mu* to ! masses1 :o obvi\sly h v little leisure1 b to ! m leisur$ & influ5tial classes4 ,su* a man's sci5tific education1 if he ev] _h any1 0 brok5 (f e>ly 9 life4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ^? all-important ye>s ( 8 boyhood 7 devot$ probably to an unwill+ /udy ( ! humanities4 ,8 fai? is decid$ly vague1 & accord+ to 8 own peculi> int]pretation1 an adju/m5t betwe5 8 heav5ly aspirations & 8 e>?ly incl9ations4 ,x has nev] be5 ?\ght out1 & is n ! result ( a ?or\gh /udy ( its t5ets4 ,he 0 born & br$ a ,*ri/ian1 & all ! nice/ p he kn[s are ,*ri/ians1 or he ?9ks !y are4 ,he is1 all unconsci\sly1 a social *ameleon tak+ 8 col\r f ! conditions 9 ! mid/ ( :i* he happ5s to live4 ,he1 too1 l 8 het]odox bro!r1 sne]s at organis$ ,free?\ght 9 ?is c\ntry1 because x owes its inception & conduct *iefly to poor & l[ly m51 =gett+ t x 0 f su* a s\rce t ! mighty cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom itself arose4 ,he =gets t ! fir/ ,*ri/ian apo/les 7 mo/ly work+ m54 ,if he has he>d or read any?+ ( a sceptical nature1 he has nev] /opp$ to inquire any fur!r into x4 ,he has no idea t ! c5tral features ( ! ,bible h be5 attack$ by m5 ( ! greate/ le>n+ & integrity1 ) ! result t ev5 ! def5d]s ( ! fai? ask = a rev]5t agno/icism z to ! hi/orical circum/ances out ( :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 belief 9 ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/ arose4 #h ,n kn[+ t ! ess5tials are call$ 9 "q1 he sees no reason to tr\ble himself ab\t m]e details4 ,x is en\gh = him t he feels sure t !re mu/ be "s object 9 our exi/5ce1 & t !re mu/ be a ,fir/ ,cause4 ,x nev] occurs to him to consid] :e!r 8 & ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ,god c be reconcil$4 ,= him ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian dogma is prov$ suffici5tly by ! unsatisfy+ nature ( mat]ialism4 ,has he n be5 taught t he mu/ h fai?1 & t fai? is a feel+ ( tru/ div9ely implant$1 & n ne$+ to be f$ on evid5ces8 ,is n ,*ri/ianity ! civilis+ ag5t ( ! _w1 & ! orig9 ( all morality & all good works8 ,does n scepticism lead to a!ism8 ,if ?\ght only leads to disbelief 9 ,god1 he = "o is n go+ to ?9k4 ,9 addition to ! n[ fa/ dw9dl+ b& ( s9c]e & ?\ghtful ,*ri/ians !re are1 ( c\rse1 _m pr(ess+ religioni/s :o d ?9k a little1 a v little1 on religi\s subjects2 b ! bulk ( ! male elem5t are absolutely indiff]5t to ! "q ( religion at all4 ,! av]age subalt]n is z good a sample ( ! latt] type z any o!r4 ,speak to him ab\t religion1 & he is unutt]ably bor$4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( *ur*-go+ =ms "p ( 8 ord9>y r\nd ( duties4 ,?is is ! sum-total ( 8 religi\s exp]i5ces4 ,= ! re/1 religion1 or any "q z to its tru? 9 ?is or t p>ticul>1 is1 s f> z he is conc]n$1 a matt] ( supreme indiff]5ce4 ,p are usually 7?\gh less s n[ p]haps ?an =m]ly7 s c>eful to keep _! ?\ghts ab\t religion to !mselves t x is no wond] ! ,*ur* is ignorant ( ! ext5t to :i* het]odoxy is rife4 ,! colossal hypocrisy :i* speaks ( ! res]ve ( ,engli%m5 ab\t _! religion ne$s exposure4 ,:y %\ld !re be ?is dislike to talk ^u religion--a religion :i*1 if true1 %\ld make all worldly affairs s9k into inf9itesimal insignificance8 ,is x f a _s ( rev]5ce1 or is x n r because ! int]pretations ( ,god's alleg$ revelation diff] s widely t p nei!r wi% to give !mselves away by /at+ _! own int]pretations1 nor to he> ! di/a/eful int]pretations ( o!rs8 ,if !y 7 p]fectly /raight=w>d1 !y w\ld run ! dang] bo? ( hurt+ ! feel+s & fall+ 9 ! e/imation ( _! fri5ds4 ,sometimes !re is a dread ( appe>+ ridicul\s1 sometimes a dislike ( appe>+ to cant4 ,yet surely1 if we believe :at we pr(ess1 !re is no?+ to be a%am$ (1 & we ought op5ly to te/ify to our fai?4 ,i c speak f p]sonal exp]i5ce :5 ,i say t ! believ+ hea!n ( ,india1 :e!r ,h9doos1 ,mussulmans1 or ,p>sees1 h no qualms on ?is score4 ,!y see no necessity = res]ve 9 ! pr(ession ( _! fai?4 ,!y te/ify to x op5ly at all times & 9 all places4 ,x =ms1 z x ought1 an integral "p ( _! e-day life4 ,?is s-call$ res]ve is also occasion$ by ! inability to live up to ! e?ical ideals dem&$ by our cre$4 ,m5 wi% nei!r to be hypocrites nor to be ?\ght hypocrites4 ,x is an inh]5t fault 9 ,*ri/ian e?ics t c]ta9 portions are n practicable4 ,!y are too mu* dom9at$ by a belief 9 ! ne> approa* ( ! end ( ! _w4 ,if we me*anically appli$1 z rules ( conduct1 ,*ri/'s ideals ( temp]1 we are c]ta91 f common s5se1 t univ]sal paup]ism1 lawlessness1 & national ext9ction w\ld foll[4 #i ,!n1 aga91 !re is too mu* ( ! presumption t all m5 h an equal *ance 9 ! battle aga9/ temptations1 & too little ackn[l$gm5t ( ! "p play$ by h]$ity & environm5t2 & ?us ! root ( ! evil is ov]look$4 ,also1 if we h a /rong conviction ( s91 :i*1 accord+ to our spiritual advis]s1 is ess5tial1 & if we _c hope to %ake (f ! burd5 ( s9 by our own unaid$ endeav\rs1 our moral fibre is liable to be weak5$1 & we may cease to cultivate ! all-important qualities ( self-reliance & self-respect4 ,em]son's advice is f> heal?i]3 ,! less we h to d ) our s9s ! bett]4 ,:atev] ! _m causes ( ?is pr\d res]ve may be1 "o ( ! consequ5ces is t we rema9 9 ignorance ( our neighb\r's beliefs4 ,if p discuss$ religi\s matt]s among !mselves1 !y w\ld make "s surpris+ discov]ies4 ,! agno/ic w\ld f9d t believ]s are n ! hypocrites he sometimes puts !m d[n to be1 = he w\ld le>n1 to 8 surprise1 t !y are supremely ignorant ( mu* t he assum$ !y w\ld be sure to "k4 ,! believ] w\ld f9d t !re are _m m agno/ics ?an he _h ev] dreamt !re 71 & he w\ld also le>n t _! reason = ab&on+ belief 0 ( a v diff]5t nature f :at he _h suppos$4 ,:5 agno/ics read ! lessons 9 *ur*1 z !y frequ5tly d1 & :51 ) _! aid & ! aid ( o!rs 9 v>i\s /ages ( het]odoxy1 congregations 9 *ur* & *apel on ,sunday only am\nt to tw5ty-two p] c5t4 #aj ( ! population1 & ^! *iefly wom51 #aa :at mu/ n be ! sum-total ( agno/icism1 het]odoxy1 & indiff]5ce among m5 9 ?is mo/ ,*ri/ian ( nations8 ,! ext5t ( unav[$ or unconsci\s scepticism f> exce$s t :i* is op5ly av[$ or consci\sly felt4 ,laxity 9 keep+ ! ,sabba? is n[ notori\sly on ! increase4 ,no?+ c be m s5sible ?an t p :o h slav$ = six days 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! (fice1 etc41 %\ld g (f = _! week end's golf1 etc42 b = ! cl]gy to attribute ! consequ5t fall+-(f 9 *ur* att5dance solely to ! extra facilities ( travel tempt+ p to c>elessness ab\t religion is to adopt ! me?od ( ! prov]bial o/ri* 9 ! des]t at ! approa* ( a dread$ enemy4 ,unbelief & ! advance ( rationalism are really at ! bottom ( ?is new developm5t2 = all ! c>elessness1 all ! temptations 9 ! _w1 w\ld n p]suade sane p to ?r[ away _! claims to et]nal happ9ess by neglect+ to wor%ip _! ,god--a ,god t dem&s ?is wor%ip4 ,h[ little d ! cl]gy really "k1 or attempt to "k1 ( ! beliefs ( ! cultur$ portion ( _! congregations6 ,z ,i write ^! words ,i receive1 curi\sly en\gh1 a lett] :i* %[s h[ unusual x is = ! pa/or to "q 8 flock4 ,! writ] ( ! lett]1 a lady1 says3 ,isn't ,mr4 ,x 7! rector ( a c]ta9 c\ntry p>i%7 a gau*e man8 ,mr4 ,z 7an influ5tial p>i%ion]7 didn't g to ,holy ,communion1 & s ,mr4 ,x ask$ him if he _h be5 confirm$4 ,s9ce !n ,mr4 ,z goes else:]e to *ur*4 ,n[1 p]sonally1 ,i admire ,x's c\rage4 ,:at he did w\ld n be done by ! ord9>y run ( p>sons4 ,if !y did t sort ( ?+1 !y w\ld soon become exce$+ly unpopul> 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & lose mo/ ( _! fa%ionable & opul5t congregation4 ,b !y w\ld beg9 to le>n ! true /ate ( affairs4 ,!y w\ld le>n1 = in/ance1 t "s ( ! mo/ regul> & respectable ( ! male portion ( _! congregations 7 agno/ic or het]odox1 & t _! att5dance at div9e wor%ip 0 m]ely to set a good example to ! l[] ord]s1 or to please _! wom5-folk1 or = "s cause or o!r utt]ly unconnect$ ) any desire to wor%ip or any belief 9 ! efficacy ( s do+4 ,!re is d\btless a great deal to be said 9 fav\r ( a _s ( tol]ation :i* inculcates non-int]f]5ce ) a man's belief2 b x all helps to hide ! true /ate ( affairs1 & is surely ov]done :5 x enc\rages m5 to att5d a s]vice :]e !y are act+ a "p & mak+ solemn decl>ations untru?fully4 ,!re is "o m type ( p]son ,i %\ld include among ! _m /range buttresses ( ! ,*ur*--namely1 ! p]son :o refuses po9t blank to be enlight5$4 ,! ,*ur*es h be5 lull$ into a s5se ( security by _m causes1 b *ief among !m1 p]haps1 !re /&s out ! fact t p n only w n take ! tr\ble to inquire into ! gr\nds ( _! fai?1 b consid] t x w\ld be positively wick$ to d any su* ?+4 ,to su* ,i c only repeat ! words ( ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,w4 ,diggle1 n[ ,bi%op ( ,c>lisle4 ,!re are1 he says1 p]haps1 few ?+s1 & c]ta9ly no?+ ( simil> mom5t1 ab\t :i* m5 give !mselves s little tr\ble1 & take su* little pa9s1 z ! asc]ta9m5t1 by /rict exam9ation1 ( ! f\ndations & ! evid5ces ( _! religion4 ,h5ce s _m religi\s p]sons are l *ildr5 :o h n le>n$ ?+s accurately4 ,!y are fe>ful ( be+ que/ion$1 & are out ( temp] 9 an exam9ation4 ,h[ev]1 z an excuse = ?is timidity--= x is (t5 no?+ else--x mu/ be conc$$ t a deep /udy ( ! evid5ces does1 m (t5 ?an n1 end 9 agno/icism4 ,?is gives rise to ! s]i\s "q3 ,if x is ,god :o assi/s u to rema9 /aun* to our cre$1 :y does ,he s (t5 =sake u1 j :5 we are try+ to lead m ?\ghtful lives &1 consequ5tly1 /udy m deeply ! fai? we pr(ess8 ,on ! "o h&1 we f9d t mod]n agno/icism is n ! result ( c>elessness1 b ( ?\ghtfulness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we obs]ve t ! ,*ur* numb]s among "s ( its firme/ adh]5ts n only ^? :o are ignorant ?r\gh circum/ances ov] :i* !y h no control1 or ?r\gh ?\ghtlessness1 b also ^? :o rema9 ignorant ?r\gh fe> to inquire4 #c4 ,*ri/ianity & ,sci5ce n ,reconcil$4 ,has ! ,*ur*1 !n1 be5 deceiv$ 9 h] impression t a reconciliation has tak5 place betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,sci5ce8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly4 ,i grant t to "s ext5t !re exi/s a pat*$-up peace4 ,! mod]n apologi/ no long] adopts ! unwise c\rse ( ma9ta9+ e /range ph5om5on to be miracul\s z long z x is unexpla9$1 :]eby ea* advance ( physical sci5ce us$ necess>ily to be ho/ile to !ology4 ,he ev5 goes fur!r1 & says t ! ,resurrection & all ! miracles may be only ! manife/ation ( "s law :i* is z yet beyond ! analysis ( our %ort exp]i5ce4 ,b1 z ,i %all %[ lat] on1 ! new int]pretations tone d[n ho/ility 9 "o respect only to raise fre% & great] difficulties 9 ano!r4 ,! mann] 9 :i* misund]/&+s occur on ! subject ( a reconciliation is well se5 :5 we look into "o ( ! ,*ur*'s mo/ popul> argum5ts 9 its fav\r--! appeal to ! pron\ncem5t by ,"l ,kelv9 9 support ( a ,creative ,p[]4 ,"l ,kelv9 assur$ ! _w t mod]n biologi/s 7 com+ to ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( a vital pr9ciple4 #ab ,t ?is pron\ncem5t rais$ a p]fect /orm ( prote/ 9 ! _w ( sci5ce is :olly ignor$ by ! _w ( religion4 ,suppose1 h[ev]1 t ! cons5sus ( op9ion _h be5 o!rwise1 :at conclusion c\ld we draw8 ,we simply obta9 an argum5t = "s =m ( ,!ism4 ,! probability ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,creative ,p[] w\ld n 9 itself prove ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian dogmas1 al?\gh x w\ld be a v necess>y l9k 9 ! *a9 ( evid5ce4 ,x is extremely d\btful :e!r any sci5ti/ or philosoph] really holds ! doctr9e ( a p]sonal ,god1 c]ta9ly n ( ! an?ropomorphic ,god ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,let u take ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 = example4 ,he is cont9ually be+ held up to u by ! ,*ur* z an in/ance ( a man ( sci5ce :o f9ds himself able to believe 9 ! sup]natural2 b does ! ,*ur* claim him z "o ( h] fold8 ,9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal = ,april1 #aijd1 he makes out a /rong case = ! entire re-int]pretation ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 9 :i*1 among o!r dogmas1 ! ,atonem5t & ,virg9-bir? are completely surr5d]$4 ,he has nev] yet pr(ess$ belief 9 a p]sonal ,god1 & seems to "q ,8 omnipot5ce4 #ac ,aga91 9 a pap] :i* he contribut$ lately to a book ( essays entitl$ ,ideals ( ,sci5ce1 he owns t sci5ce is a long way f actively support+ religion4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 no "n is1 or us$ to be1 m frequ5tly quot$ ?an 81 9 support ( ! ,*ur*'s cont5tion t a reconciliation has tak5 place4 ,! admissions ( ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge are1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 all ! m important because he und\bt$ly is "o ( ! few m5 ( sci5ce :o /ill reta9 a /rong belief 9 a spiritual _w4 ,9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal = ,janu>y1 #aije1 he in=ms u t he is oppos$ to a mat]iali/ic monism1 su* z ,haeckel's1 & t ! progress ( ?\ght has left him ,haeckel1 z well z 8 great ,engli% exempl>1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 some:at high & dry1 belat$ & /r&$ by ! tide ( op9ion :i* has n[ begun to fl[ 9 ano!r direction4 #ad ,?is is ! sort ( /atem5t :i* is eag]ly seiz$ ^u by ! ,*ur*2 b x nei!r witnesses to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 nor does x voice ! op9ion ( ! sci5tific _w4 ,x is ! op9ion ( a sci5ti/ :o believes t he has _h communication ) spirits4 #ae ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 "o ( our lead+ biologi/s 9 ,engl&1 indignantly refutes ,sir ,oliv]'s /rictures on ,pr(essor ,haeckel4 #af ,n[1 x is1 ( c\rse1 q true t !re are s*ools ( ?\ght oppos$ to ,haeckel's4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 ! s*ool :i* consid]s t sci5ce has no bus9ess to conc]n h]self ) !ology2 & !re are ! metaphysicians4 ,b ! po9t ,i wi% to make cle> is t all ^! s*ools are het]odox4 ,!y d n accept ! ,*ri/ian dogmas4 ,x is s easy = false impressions on su* matt]s to get ab\t1 &1 ,i regret to add1 ?is does n occur altoge!r by *ance4 ,:5 ,haeckel1 "o ( our greate/ liv+ biologi/s1 0 caught tripp+ 9 8 k ( !ology by a pr(essor ( t subject1 ! ,*ur* expla9$ to ! laity t ! great ,dr4 ,lo(s _h %[n t ,haeckel _h =feit$ 8 claim to consid]ation z a reliable man ( sci5ce2 &1 on ?is basis1 8 ,riddle ( ! ,univ]se 0 held up to obloquy & d]ision4 ,! ,*ur*1 h[ev]1 did n m5tion at ! same "t t ,haeckel _h expressly said t he 0 n skill$ 9 !ology1 & t x 0 only 9 8 own bran* ( k t he spoke ) au?ority4 ,nor did ! ,*ur* m5tion t _! *ampion1 ! le>n$ !ologian1 ,dr4 ,lo(s1 himself discr$its ! notion ( ! ,virg9-bir?1 & t ! *ief bone ( cont5tion betwe5 ! two pr(essors 0 simply ! "q ( ! p>5tage ( ,jesus4 ,x is j because sci5ce & religion are 9 conflict t ! religi\s naturally wi% to discr$it sci5ce4 ,!y w1 if !y are suffici5tly ignorant1 g s f> z ,lady ,bl\nt1 #ag & hold t ! e>? is flat & )\t motion4 ,b su* p]sons %\ld note t 9 ! ,*ur* itself !re are a few--! few be/ qualifi$ to =m an op9ion--:o accept all ! ma9 facts ( sci5ce1 & d n ?9k1 or pret5d t !y ?9k1 t !re has be5 any reconciliation4 ,! ,rev4 ,p4 ,n4 ,waggett is "o ( ^!4 ,he is an apologi/ ( unusual sci5tific compet5ce1 & 8 new h&book = ! cl]gy1 ,religion & ,sci5ce1 simply bri/les ) problems :i* he confesses h yet to be solv$4 ,h[ev]1 he does n all[ himself to be di/urb$4 ,conclusions adv]se to !ology are to be resi/$4 ,9 o!r words1 we mu/ possess our s\ls 9 pati5ce until we c see a way out ( our difficulties4 ,he rem>ks3 ,!re are conclusions :i* are to be dissolv$1 & conclusions :i* are to be avoid$2 b !re are also conclusions :i* h to be resi/$1 held at bay--'held up1' ,i ?9k "s adv5tur\s ,we/]n p call x--until we c see our way to de/roy !m4 ,su* a resi/ance is n irrational4 ,he p]sonally pref]s ! positive or sci5tific treatm5t & pursuit ( religion1 & he goes on to say t ?is positive pursuit ( ! facts ( ! _s mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 spite ( difficulties4 ,x mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 spite ( out/&+ discrepancies ) sci5ce4 ,to my m9d1 ! position "h tak5 up by ,mr4 ,waggett is ! only possible "o = a conv9c$ ,*ri/ian :o has a real k ( sci5ce4 ,he avoids ! sn>es into :i* s _m ( 8 fell[ cl]ics h fall54 ,= he does n jump at ! conclusion t e gap 9 our k ( life's my/]ies is a pro( ( ! sup]natural4 ,nor does he attempt to %[1 z _m o!r apologi/s are wont to d1 t !re is no direct connection betwe5 sci5ce & religion4 ,he does n try to escape ! criticism ( metaphysical conclusions :i* a sci5tific habit ( ?\ght eng5d]s4 ,b1 :ile 8 position may appe> at fir/ sight a t5able "o1 :e!r x be s or n dep5ds entirely ^u ! correctness ( ! assumption on :i* 8 argum5t is really bas$--! true witness ( ! he>t1 z aga9/ ! false witness ( ! reason4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ,mr4 ,waggett's position ) t ( ano!r ( ! progressives4 ,! ,rev4 ,john ,kelman writes 9 ,ideals ( ,sci5ce & ,fai? #ah3 ,s f> z we h gone1 ! hi/ory ( ! pa/1 view$ by ! light 9 :i* ! new] conceptions ( ! ,bible h plac$ x1 %[s t1 at ! pres5t mom5t 9 ! progress ( ?\ght1 sci5ce & religion are n 9 ! lea/ degree at /rife4 ,!y ne$ no reconciliation4 ,suppose ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,kelman to be "r & ! ,rev4 ,p4 ,n4 ,waggett to be wrong1 :at !n8 ,x is ! new] conceptions ( ! ,bible :i* make x possible = ,mr4 ,kelman to speak ( a reconciliation--! v conceptions :i* ! or?odox _c & w n accept4 ,! or?odox believ] is told t religion & sci5ce are reconcil$2 b he is n told by :at means4 ,?us ! or?odox1 :o w\ld nev] ?9k ( accept+ ! t]ribly het]odox ideas ( ! advanc$ s*ool1 are all ! "t accept+ a result :i* c\ld only be arriv$ at by ! help ( ^? self-same ideas4 ,9 fact1 x 0 ! v necessity = a reconciliation :i* orig9at$ _! inv5tion4 ,s mu* is said ab\t sci5tific d\bt 9 ^! days t x is well to rememb] t d\bts z to ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian belief are n caus$ alone by purely sci5tific difficulties ( fai?4 ,c>lyle refus$ to accept ,d>w9's !ories4 ,8 temp]am5t 0 /rongly incl9$ to a /]n ,puritanical piety1 & 8 :ole nature 0 antipa!tic to sci5ce4 ,yet he did n ?9k x possible t educat$ hone/ m5 c\ld pr(ess mu* long] to believe 9 hi/orical ,*ri/ianity4 ,r5an1 a pr(\nd s*ol> 9 ,ori5tal languages1 %[s1 9 8 fam\s "w1 ,! ,life ( ,jesus1 t1 :ile ke5ly appreciative ( all t 0 beautiful 9 ! life & tea*+ ( ,jesus1 he 0 =c$1 by 8 /udy ( ! ,scriptures #ai 9 ! orig9al1 to ! conclusion t ! miracul\s "p ( ! n>rative _h no hi/orical f\ndation4 ,leo ,tol/oi1 ! help] ( ! helpless1 ^: voice is ev] rais$ 9 ! cause ( univ]sal love & peace1 va9ly s\ght an answ] to religi\s d\bts1 & f9ally r5\nc$ ,*ri/ian dogmas1 build+ up a religion ( 8 own4 ,num]\s in/ances c\ld be giv5 %[+ t well-kn[n & pi\s-m9d$ ?9k]s h reject$ ,*ri/ianity on gr\nds o!r ?an sci5tific4 ,& ?is div]sity 9 ! reasons = negation fur!r t5ds to /r5g!n ^? suspicions reg>d+ our fai? :i* x is n[ ! apologi/'s task to dispel4 ,a significant circum/ance is ! f> m tol]ant attitude ( ! bett]-in=m$ cl]gy t[>ds ! unbeliev]4 ,!re /ill rema9 p]sons ( ! ,dr4 ,torrey & ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,morgan ,gibbon #bj type1 ready to vilify ! agno/ic2 b _! numb] is rapidly on ! decrease4 ,! cl]gy1 z a :ole1 are m tol]ant n[ ?an _m ( ! pi\s laity4 ,:y is ?is8 ,is x n because !y are beg9n+ to appreciate ! p]plexities ( fai?1 & to le>n t agno/ics z a body c be1 & are1 good m58 ,"u c]ta9 conditions !y !mselves h sev]e wre/l+s ) ! dictates ( reason1 & x is only by pray] #ba & occupy+ _! m9ds 9 _! "w t !y are able to dispel d>k d\bts4 ,!y w tell y t a fai? su* z !irs1 & su* z !y hope y w atta9 aft] em]g5ce f d\bt1 is a real fai?1 ) :i* ! fai? ( ! ord9>y p]son1 accept+ ev]y?+ on tru/1 is n to be comp>$4 ,x is all v well to talk glibly1 z s _m d n[adays1 ( an age ( tol]ance4 ,h[ c man be tol]ant 9 matt]s conc]n+ :i* ,god is alleg$ to h di/9ctly told u t ,he is n tol]ant8 ,x has (t5 occurr$ to me t1 7 !re su* a p]son z ! ,devil1 he mu/ be mu* puzzl$ ov] ! case ( ! high-m9d$ agno/ic1 & m especially s if ! latt] conceiv$ x 8 duty to propagate 8 views4 ,9 o!r words1 if he 7 a militant agno/ic--a ,huxley or a ,holyoake4 ,=1 on ! "o h&1 if ! ,devil c\ld p]suade ! agno/ic to adopt religi\s con=mity at ! exp5se ( self-respect1 he w\ld ru9 ! agno/ic's "*1 & s drag "o m s\l into p]dition2 b he w\ld at ! same "t be r5d]+ ! :ole ,*ri/ian community a s]vice by sav+ !m f ! dang]\s advice ( ! agno/ic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ,satan aid$ ! agno/ic 9 ! l9e ( conduct :i* he 0 at pres5t consci5ti\sly pursu+1 ! s\l ( ! latt] w\ld slip f ,satan's grasp 7= ,i presume !re c be no puni%m5t = hone/y72 b1 z ,anti-,*ri/1 ,satan w\ld reap a gr& h>ve/ f ! se$s ( unbelief s[n by ! agno/ic4 ,& ! pur] & m unselfi% ! life ( ! agno/ic1 ! m ! latt] w\ld influ5ce p to %>e 8 op9ions4 ,h[ does ,god view ?is p]plex+ situation8 ,we are told f ! pulpit n[adays1 by ! broad]-m9d$ p>son1 n only t agno/ics may be good m51 b t !y exhibit ! v temp] :i* ,*ri/ blesses4 #bb ,?is curi\s truce betwe5 ,believ] & ,unbeliev]1 ea* /ill hold+ fa/ to 8 belief or unbelief1 only s]ves to demon/rate ) add$ =ce t !re is n1 & _c be1 a reconciliation betwe5 ,fai? & ,k4 #d4 ,! ,g5esis & ,"* ( ! ,new ,outbur/4 ,x is imp]ative t ! ,*ur*es %\ld appreciate ! real "* ( ! new outbur/ ( scepticism4 ,! controv]sy ) rationalism has ent]$ ^u ano!r phase--a phase f> m dang]\s to ! security ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,z 0 inevitable1 ! suspicions reg>d+ ! fai? h filt]$ d[n to classes t are n cont5t to be dup$ because1 =soo?1 x is said to be = _! good4 ,!y h none ( ! reasons ( ! upp]-class agno/ic = ly+ l[4 ,! enlight5m5t ( ! work+ man has be5 accel]at$ dur+ ! pa/ ye> or s by ! issue ( *eap repr9ts f ! books ( our great sci5ti/s & ?9k]s1 & by a direct attack ^u religion by ! well-kn[n editor ( ! ,cl>ion1 ,rob]t ,blat*=d4 ,t ! ,*ur*es are already p>tly alive to ! new dang] is ev9c$ by _! pres5t anxi\s attitude t[>ds ! spread ( k likely to be damag+ to ! ,fai?4 ,x 0 "o ( ! subjects discuss$ at ! ,cant]bury ,diocesan ,conf]5ce 9 ,june1 #aijd1 & w1 d\btless1 be e>ne/ly discuss$ at ! next ,*ur* ,congress1 toge!r ) ! :ole "q ( ! rapid increase 9 unbelief4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 ! ,*ur* inveighs aga9/ ! repr9ts1 %e gives out1 also1 t ,*ri/ianity is always /r5g!n$ by be+ attack$4 ,?is is h>dly consi/5t4 ,= :y n1 !n1 all[ ! process ( /r5g!n+ to cont9ue by ^! means8 ,c]ta9ly1 if ,*ri/ianity be true1 ! ,*ur* ought to be /r5g!n$4 ,h[ c\ld x be o!rwise8 ,x might compel h] to disc>d "s ( h] dogmas2 b t w\ld only be if !y 7 false1 &1 9 su* case1 %e is bett] )\t !m4 ,no?+ b good %\ld arise f a ?or\gh exam9ation ( h] t5ets4 ,%e w\ld be enabl$ to f9d out :]e h] weakness lies1 & ?us to em]ge f ! ordeal /rong] ?an ev]4 ,^? :o wi%1 z ,i d1 to le>n ! :ole tru? conc]n+ ,*ri/ianity1 hope t %e w no long] po/pone a complete & unbiass$ inve/igation ( ! :ole ( ! anti-,*ri/ian argum5ts4 ,d\btless we %all get our wi% 9 "t2 b mean:ile we deplore ! delay1 = reasons ,i h m p>ticul>ly set =? 9 ! conclud+ *apt] ( ?is book4 ,if ! hone/ tru? be t %e is n confid5t ( ! security ( h] position1 are we to und]/& t ! cause ( ,untru? is ?\ght to be m likely to prosp] ?an ! cause ( ,tru?8 ,( ! two conflict+ views reg>d+ ! effect ( anti-,*ri/ian attacks--! pessimi/ic & ! optimi/ic--x is ! =m] :i* appe>s to me ! m likely to be correct4 ,= consid] :at w\ld occur %\ld attacks ( f> great] sev]ity be deliv]$--a cont+5cy by no means impossible 9 ! ne> future4 ,suppose ! rational propag&i/s1 in/ead ( be+ hamp]$ by ! want ( funds & influ5tial support1 7 to become end[$ ) a fraction ( ! weal? ( ! ,*ur*1 & 7 ?us 9 a position to popul>ise _! views by sp5d+ money 9 ext5sive adv]tisem5t ( e description1 by subsidis+ plat=m orators :o w\ld prop\nd rationalism & non-!ological e?ics 9 e t[n & village1 by reliev+ di/ress1 & s on1 w\ld ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? be /r5g!n$8 ,has x n already suff]$ s9ce ! sixp5ny repr9ts began to br+ k )9 ! rea* ( ! p--! p :o h1 _m ( !m1 little or no?+ to fe> f an expression ( _! agno/icism8 ,if militant rationali/s 7 suffici5tly possess$ ( ?is _w's goods to />t an adequate fund = ! lucrative employm5t ( cl]gym5 :o f9d !y c no long] subscribe to ! articles ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 & :o w\ld leave ! ,*ur* if !y c\ld d s )\t hav+ to face absolute ru91 w\ld n ! secessions increase 9 direct proportion to ! increase ( ! fund & ! consequ5t means ( support8 #bc ,if ^? m5 ( note :o are ev5 n[ agno/ics at he>t 7 to proclaim ! fact & assi/ 9 propag&ism1 w\ld n ! flock foll[ ! bell-we!rs8 ,:e!r ha/5$ or n by ! action ( ! propag&i/1 ! masses1 9 ^! days ( univ]sal education1 are b\nd to he> soon] or lat] ( ^! grave d\bts4 ,! que/ion]s ( ! ,fai? are no long] only ! philosoph]s1 sci5ti/s1 & ^? :o jo9 h&s ) ! ,*ur*es 9 prescrib+ a diet>y ( fairy tales = ! pres]vation ( ! moral heal? ( ! masses4 ,_m ( ! work+ class #bd are f> m ?\ghtful & intellig5t reg>d+ que/ions ( sci5ce z x affects religion ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,hi!rto !y h be5 "u two v consid]able disadvantages--! co/l9ess ( ! books & ! want ( leisure to read !m4 ,! leisure disability /ill holds good1 ?\gh less s n[ t temp]ance is on ! increase2 b ! books are to-day (f]$ at popul> prices1 & are also f9d+ _! way into public libr>ies4 ,! ,*ur* c1 p]haps1 dep5d = "s "t to come ^u ! non-int]f]5ce & ev5 active support ( ! upp] classes1 h[ev] sceptical !y may be2 b x is ! prolet>iat :i* %e w 9 future h to deal ) m & m4 ,%e is 9 a dilemma2 h] h& is =c$4 ,%e realises t discussion w cause ! unsettlem5t ( m9ds hi!rto uncl\d$ by d\bt1 & yet matt]s h rea*$ a /age :5 sil5ce is impossible4 ,x is d\btful :e!r %e has yet fully realis$ ! gravity ( ! task be=e h]4 ,i h expla9$ h[ %e seems to h be5 deceiv$ z to ! real mean+ ( ! app>5t susp5sion ( ho/ilities dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s4 ,%e has also to le>n h[ impossible x w be = ! ord9>y m9d to accept ! unconv9c+ & contradictory expositions ( ! ,fai? :i* are n[ (f]$ to u "u ! title ( ,*ri/ian apologetics4 #e4 ,apologetics ,f\nd ,want+4 ,! "t1 !n1 has arriv$ :5 ! pa/or c no long] ignore or gloze ov] ! ?\ghts t are /irr+ ! m9ds ( ! intellig5t portion ( 8 flock4 ,! *eap lit]ature problem _c be solv$ by apply+ disp>ag+ adjectives1 su* z %all[1 to writ+s emanat+ f ! p5s ( ,d>w91 ,huxley1 ,tyndall1 ,s4 ,la+1 ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,sir ,leslie ,/eph51 ,r5an1 ,haeckel1 etc41 easy ?\gh x be to excite prejudice by ! use ( a condemnatory adjective4 ,books t are /ill co/ly w "s day be available at popul> prices1 & increase ! p]plexities ( ! p4 ,i ref] to books ( ! type ( ,lecky's ,rise & ,influ5ce ( ,rationalism 9 ,europe1 ,buckle's ,hi/ory ( ,civilisation 9 ,engl&1 ,fraz]'s ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,=long's ,%ort ,/udies ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,comp>ative ,religions1 ,doane's ,bible ,my?s & _! ,p>allels 9 o!r ,religions1 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson's ,*ri/ianity & ,my?ology & ,pagan ,*ri/s1 ,sp5c]'s ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology 7,vol4 ,i41 ,"p ,i41 giv+ ! ,data ( ,sociology71 ,met*nik(f's ,! ,nature ( ,man1 ,haeckel's ,! ,evolution ( ,man1 #be etc4 ,w n ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica1 ) a title s innoc5t1 & ) an editor & _m ( its contributors 9 ,holy ,ord]s1 soon f9d its way into our public libr>ies & be a ?orn 9 ! side ( ! or?odox8 ,?9k h[ a book su* z ,nunquam's 7,rob]t ,blat*=d7 ,god & ,my ,neighb\r mu/ already h be5 read by & h affect$ ! convictions ( ?\s&s ( ! work+ class4 ,& ! grave d\bts ( a h>d-head$ artisan are n 9 ! lea/ likely to be dispell$ by ,anti-,nunquam1 #bf or any ( ! lit]ature s f> publi%$ z a panacea 9 relief ( d\bt4 #bg ,inde$1 "s apologetic works are en\gh 9 !mselves to create mi/ru/1 ?\gh ! read] _h n read a s+le anti-,*ri/ian "w6 ,! extraord9>y div]g5ce 9 ! views ( ! au?ors1 to say no?+ ( ! transp>5cy ( "s ( _! argum5ts1 prev5ts all *ance ( apologetics conv9c+ any b ^? already det]m9$ to be conv9c$4 ,! writ] 9 "o /age ( ?\ght absolutely contradicts a writ] 9 ano!r /age4 ,comp>e ,g\lburn & ,pusey 9 _! awful ass]tions ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t ) ,all9's ,univ]salism ,ass]t$ & ,l>g] ,hope leaflets1 or ! views ( a ,wace reg>d+ ,evolution ) ! views ( a ,waggett4 ,if we conf9e ourselves to mak+ comp>isons only betwe5 ! advanc$ ?9k]s !mselves1 comp>e ! op9ions ( ,dr4 ,gore1 ,bi%op ( ,birm+ham 7late ( ,worce/]71 ) ^? ( ,canons ,h5son & ,*eyne4 ,! deplorable /ate ( religi\s apologetics is becom+ notori\s1 & articles be>+ on ! subject are n[ appe>+ f "t to "t 9 our lead+ magaz9es4 #bh ,9 def5d+ ! ,fai? ! advanc$ s*ool ( ! ,*ur* n[ frankly admit ! difficulties ( ! old belief1 & ask u to accept _! new int]pretations ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! old] s*ool ( !ologians1 ! s*ool :o c br+ !mselves nei!r to ass]t ! tru? ( evolution nor to give a decid$ op9ion on ! v]bal inspiration ( ! ,bible1 are unwill+ly1 v unwill+ly1 beg9n+ to foll[ 9 _! wake4 ,! views ( ! two s*ools be+ 9 conflict on _m vital po9ts1 x is impossible t !y c ev] be br\ght into agreem5t4 ,yet1 unless conc]t$ measures are soon tak51 confusion w be worse conf\nd$4 ,to add to ! p]plexity ( ! situation1 !re are also ! v>i\s views ( ! ,noncon=mi/s to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,!n !re are ! ,scotti% ,*ur*es1 hav+ on ! "o side ! law-support$ m9ority1 /&+ = an infallible ,bible & all ! doctr9es ( ,john ,calv92 &1 on ! o!r1 ! majority /&+ = a =m ( ,*ri/ianity :i* is really ,calv9ism ) a some:at unequally-appli$ v5e] ( ,high] ,criticism4 ,f9ally !re is ! ,iri% ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* /ill sunk 9 ! gross sup]/itions ( ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,! advanc$ s*ool repres5t ! section :i* is 9 close t\* ) mod]n ?\ght1 s t _! new int]pretations ( ! ,fai? con/itute ! "o & only hope ( arre/+ ! advance ( agno/icism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ju/ice ( ! objections to ^! new int]pretations is borne out by ! circum/ance t _m ( ! old] s*ool w\ld no m ?9k ( accept+ !m ?an !y w\ld ( giv+ up _! belief2 r ?an accept !m !y pref] to d5y ! facts ( sci5ce4 ,bo? sides d viol5ce to _! reason--! enlight5$ 9 us+ ! subtleties ( _! intellect = int]pretations :i* appe> transp>5tly false alike to ! or?odox & to ! unbeliev]2 ! obscuranti/ 9 d5y+ e/abli%$ facts4 ,consid] = a mom5t :at all ?is means4 ,x means t ! mod]n sceptic has ! support ( ! /rictly or?odox :5 he refutes ! only explanations z yet (f]$ to dispel 8 d\bts4 ,x means t ! validity ( ! agno/ic's objections to ^! new-fangl$ int]pretations is fully borne out by ! common s5se ( ,*ri/ians !mselves1 & t a d5ial ( ! facts ( sci5ce & ( ! results ( ,biblical rese>* is ! only way we c escape f unbelief4 ,if a puzzl$ tru?-seek] tri$ to take a middle c\rse1 he w\ld h to believe t black & :ite 7 ! same col\r1 & 8 belief w\ld deg5]ate into an exce$+ly un$ify+ grey4 ,!re is a l>ge proportion ( ?is grey belief j n[4 ,i _c too /rongly reit]ate t ?is complete div]g5ce 9 ! int]pretation ( a revelation alleg$ to h be5 v\*saf$ by ,god _c b give rise to ! mo/ int5se suspicion4 ,! v ^w apologetics is self-condemnatory4 ,h[ is x t ! claims ( ,*ri/ianity require all ?is v9dication8 ,h]esies & s*isms & ! ne$ = apologetics =m ! con/ant note ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory f fir/ to la/4 ,true !re 0 a lull 9 ! que/ion+s ( ! ,fai?2 b t 0 dur+ ! ,d>k ,ages1 :5 ! prie/s adopt$ ! policy ( keep+ ! _w 9 ignorance1 & ( de/roy+ all ! evid5ces aga9/ ,*ri/ianity t !y c\ld lay _! h&s ^u4 ,if ! ev5ts said to h happ5$ really happ5$1 & if ,god wi%$ ! _w to "k ( !m1 :y all ?is my/]y1 :y ! ne$ = all ^! apologetics conc]n+ !m8 ,:i* ( ! conflict+ explanations are we to take z correct8 ,! late ,bi%op ( ,durham1 ,dr4 ,we/cott1 9 a passage 9 8 book1 ,lessons f ,"w1 says3 ,x w\ld be easi] if we might dive/ ourselves ( ! div9e pr]ogative ( reason4 ,x w\ld be easi]1 b w\ld t be ! life :i* ,*ri/ came d[n f heav5 to %[ u & place )9 our rea*8 ,x is n = me to qu>rel ) s emphatic a pron\ncem5t 9 fav\r ( us+ our reason2 b su* advice _c be reconcil$ ) ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ or ( our own ,*ur*--t we %\ld receive ,god's ^w z babes4 ,rememb] ^? /range words attribut$ to ,him3 ,i ?ank ,!e1 ,o ,fa!r1 ,"l ( heav5 & e>?1 because ,?\ ha/ hid ^! ?+s f ! wise & prud5t & reveal$ !m unto babes4 ,f ?is "o w\ld ga!r t x 0 ,god's pleasure to hide ,himself f ! wise1 & !re=e t ! increase ( agno/icism alongside ! spread ( k 0 all "p ( ! ,div9e plan4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* is m consi/5t4 ,%e obeys ! alleg$ tea*+ ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is respect to ! lett]4 ,! tru? is t :5 ,jesus spoke ^! words1 if ,he ev] did speak !m1 ! va/ majority ( mank9d 7 babes4 ,8 disciples 7 babes2 ,8 enemies ! m enlight5$4 ,he did n =esee ! advance ( k & ! spread ( education4 ,nor did ! ,*ur* anticipate ?is increase 9 wisdom1 or r1 ,i %\ld say1 %e employ$ e possible means to h9d] x4 ,if ,god's revelation may be und]/ood by babes1 x mu/ be v simple4 ,h[1 !n1 d we f9d x requir+ all ?is explanation--explanation :i* no ord9>y adult c und]/&8 ,:o c\ld call mod]n !ology simple8 ,c we say t ( our philosoph]-,premi]'s books1 ,a ,def5ce ( ,philosophic ,d\bt & ,! ,f\ndations ( ,belief8 ,is x n because ! ,*ur* recognises t ! masses w nev] und]/& all ^! subtle explanations & pleas = a re-/atem5t ( ,*ri/ianity t %e is 9 no hurry to imp>t ! new ideas f ! pulpit8 ,ev5 ! m intellectual tru?seek] is con/antly recomm5d$ to tru/ less to 8 reason1 & to come to ,*ri/ z a little *ild4 ,! objections ( ! m cons]vative to ! new int]pretations ( ,*ri/ianity are well express$ 9 ! solemn words ( a =m] ,dean ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 himself inveigh$ aga9/1 9 8 day1 z some:at ( a free?9k]4 ,_m1 writes ,dean ,mansell1 :o w\ld %r9k ) horror f ! idea ( reject+ ,*ri/ altoge!r1 w yet speak & act z if !y 7 at lib]ty to set up = !mselves an eclectic ,*ri/ianity1 sep>at+ ! ess5tial f ! sup]flu\s portions ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 decid+ = !mselves h[ mu* is p]man5t & necess>y = all m51 & h[ mu* is tempor>y & design$ only = a p>ticul> age & p4 ,yet if ,*ri/ is inde$ ,god manife/ 9 ! ,fle%1 x is surely n less impi\s to attempt to improve ,8 tea*+ ?an to reject x altoge!r4 ,nay1 9 "o respect x is m s1 = x is to ackn[l$ge a doctr9e z ! revelation ( ,god1 &1 at ! same "t1 to proclaim t x is inf]ior to ! wisdom ( man4 ,! ,a?anasian ,cre$ controv]sy furni%es "s /rik+ examples ( bo? cons]vative & latitud9>ian op9ions4 ,dr4 ,pusey is relat$ to h said3 ,if ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ is t\*$1 ,i see no?+ to d b to give up my canonry4 ,yet we f9d ! pres5t ,primate1 ,dr4 ,r&all ,davidson1 reply+ to a deputation ( cl]gym5 :o desir$ to be reliev$ f ! obligation ( recit+ ?is ,cre$3 ,i am 9 complete sympa?y ) ! object y h at he>t4 ,presumably he is 9 agreem5t ) ,dr4 ,b>nes1 ,hulsean pr(essor ( div9ity1 :o1 :5 lectur+ lately at ,cambridge on ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 decl>$ t !re 0 no au?ority 9 ,scripture = its m9atory clauses4 ,! well-meant attempt ( ! ,dean ( ,we/m9/] to smoo? d[n ! asp]ities ( ! ,cre$ by s++ in/ead ( say+ x1 is typical ( ^? pitiful attempts to tide ov] difficulties :i* are n[ s mu* 9 evid5ce4 ,we make1 says "o ( ! old s*ool1 unsuitable p]sons p>tak]s ( ! ,div9e s]vice ( ! ,*ur*1 & !n x is propos$ to alt] ! ,div9e s]vice to suit !m4 ,let hone/ ,unbeliev]s or ,half-,believ]s abs5t !mselves f ! ,assembly ( ! ,fai?ful1 & let ! ,fai?ful wor%ip fai?fully4 ,yet1 if ?is l9e ( conduct 7 put into practice1 if ! mod]n ,orig5s 7 ana!matis$ & only ^? laym5 admitt$ to ,div9e s]vice :o held all ! articles ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? )\t m5tal res]vations ( any k9d1 e s+le advanc$ !ologian w\ld be degrad$ f 8 (fice1 & ! pres5t tw5ty-two p] c5t4 :o are *ur* & *apel-go]s w\ld be r$uc$ to--:at %all we say8 ,well1 ! *ur*es hav+ cultur$ congregations w\ld be almo/ empty4 ,! mod]n _s ( tol]ation1 admirable z x is 9 _m ways1 assi/s 9 prev5t+ ! discov]y ( ! real tru? ( ! matt]4 ,! ,*ur* is grossly deceiv+ h]self if %e really ?9ks t ! app>5t adh]5ce ( ! majority ( ! well-to-d classes indicates t burn+ suspicions ( ! ,*ri/ian dogmas h be5 qu5*$ by ,*ri/ian apologetics4 #f4 ,m ,?+s :i* ,confuse ! ,issue4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is *apt] ,i h allud$ to ! real causes = ! app>5t acquiesc5ce ( ! majority 9 ! claims ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,among ^! causes !re is a some:at complex "o requir+1 special notice1 = x t5ds to confuse ! ma9 issue1 m p]haps ?an any o!r4 ,! ,*ur* is n[ appe>+ 9 an altoge!r novel role4 ,until q rec5tly h] conc]n 0 only = ! spiritual welf>e ( man1 & %e expect$ to ga9 h] purpose by sup]natural r ?an by natural means4 ,?is plan1 aft] _m c5turies ( trial1 has prov$ a t]rible failure4 ,x has n contribut$ ei!r to man's spiritual or mat]ial improvem5t4 ,n[1 9 ,engl&1 %e is emulat+ ! ?or\gh-pac$ humanit>ian 9 h] devotion to ! bett]m5t ( humanity by natural means4 ,nev] be=e has !re be5 t int]e/ 9 ! mat]ial condition ( ! p :i* is n[ ev9c$ by su* in/itutions z ! ,*ur* ,temp]ance ,society & ,homes = ,inebriates1 ! ,*ur* ,army1 ! ,*ur* ,lads ,brigade1 ! ,*ur* ,rescue ,societies1 ,homes = ,waifs & ,/rays1 etc4 ,! ,*ur*1 too1 is n[ conc]n+ h]self ) ! bett] h\s+ ( ! poor1 ! improvem5t ( our jail sy/em1 & o!r rational me?ods = rais+ ! social condition ( ! p & creat+ an environm5t likely to improve ! moral atmosph]e4 ,all su* measures1 9 fact1 z h long ago be5 advocat$ by rationali/s & social re=m]s are n[ tak5 up vigor\sly by ! ,*ur*es4 ,bett] late ?an nev]1 y w say4 ,q s2 b t is n ! po9t4 ,f> be x f me to decry ^! excell5t results ( mod]n ?\ght2 /ill1 ! fact rema9s t ! issue is !reby confus$1 & w cont9ue to be ?us confus$ = "s "t to come4 ,p w only look at :at ! ,*ur*es1 9 ,prote/ant c\ntries at lea/1 are n[ do+1 & see 9 x ano!r pro( ( ,*ri/ianity's p[] = good4 ,!y w n tr\ble _! heads to consid] :y x %\ld h tak5 ne>ly #b1jjj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* recognis$ su* an ess5tial portion ( h] duties t[>ds h] poor] neighb\rs4 #bi ,nor is x only ?is increase ( zeal = rais+ humanity out ( ! gutt] :i* has confus$ ! issue4 ,num]\s are ! ways 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity obta9s a pre/ige sometimes p>tly des]v$1 sometimes :olly undes]v$4 ,good works belong to ! =m] class4 ,! ,*ur*es ( all d5om9ations h always occupi$ ! position ( gr& almon]s1 &1 9 t !y h c>ri$ out t tru/ consci5ti\sly1 !y h fully e>n$ ! confid5ce ( ! ri* & ! gratitude ( ! poor4 ,b p are liable to =get t ! huge donations giv5 dur+ _! lifetime1 & left 9 _! wills by *>itably dispos$ p]sons1 are giv5 usually f true humanit>ian pr9ciples1 & t k9d he>ts are to be f\nd all ov] ! _w1 q ap>t f belief or unbelief4 ,^! gifts to ! ne$y are n1 let x be said to ! cr$it ( mank9d1 a m]e s\l-insurance1 l ! donations giv51 & (t5 extort$1 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic & ,greek ,*ur*es1 = ,masses1 ,indulg5ces1 etc4 ,all ?is *>itable "w1 = :i* ! ,*ur* is ! ag5t employ$1 is usually put d[n entirely to ! cr$it ( ! ,*ur* & ,*ri/ianity4 ,x does n seem to be realis$ t ! ,gold5 ,rule is f> old] ?an ,*ri/ianity1 & is practis$ 9 o!r ?an ,*ri/ian c\ntries2 & t ! ,*ur*1 9 be+ entru/$ v l>gely ) ! disp5sation ( *>ity1 obta9s cr$it = a s]vice = :i* %e is aft] all well paid1 & :i* any prop]ly select$ body ( laym5 w\ld p]=m q z well1 & possibly ) m discrim9ation4 ,if all ! good & none ( ! bad works p]=m$ 9 ,*ri/5dom are to be attribut$ to ! work+ ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! same argum5t mu/ hold good ( ! ,h9du or ,buddhi/ fai?1 :5 ! p are ,h9doos or ,buddhi/s4 ,! code ( e?ics atta*$ to a religion does1 ( c\rse1 make a diff]5ce2 b x nei!r proves t ! belief is correct1 nor t x is impossible to h ! e?ics )\t ! belief4 ,confucianism is an agno/ic e?ical sy/em :i* ! educat$ classes ( ,japan h adopt$ = c5turies1 & its spl5did results are j n[ mu* 9 evid5ce4 ,only a few days ago ,i receiv$ a lett] f an agno/ic support] ( ,*ri/ianity :o said3 ,look at ! good t ,*ri/ianity does1 look at its endless *>itable organisations2 & he ask$1 ,c\ld ! ,cl>ion p d any?+ ( ?is k9d8 ,x nev] occurr$ to him1 & x nev] occurs to _m ( 8 way ( ?9k+1 t ! ,cl>ion p h v sl5d] funds at pres5t2 & ! *>itable "w t !y d1 ?\gh proportionately l>ge1 is n likely to come to 8 notice unless he takes ! tr\ble to inquire4 ,! va/ majority ( ,engli% p are pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 & if any *>itable "w is to be done agno/ics give _! support to x1 al?\gh ! ag5ts = x are ,*ri/ians4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h n receiv$ a brief f ! ,cl>ionettes4 ,my object is to %[ h[ ! issue becomes confus$1 &1 if my agno/ic fri5d is correct 9 consid]+ ,*ri/ianity false & yet indisp5sable1 ! future is inde$ full ( al>ms4 ,:at w happ51 = in/ance1 :5 ! k ( ?is falsehood becomes common prop]ty8 ,i am fully aw>e t my fri5d voices ! op9ion ( _m fairly ?\ghtful ,engli%m52 b ?is is because !y are 9 ! habit ( he>+ e useful advance 9 civilisation accr$it$ to ,*ri/ianity3--hospitals1 ?\gh !y exi/$ long be=e ,*ri/ianity1 & only fell out ( use aft] its introduction--! rais$ /atus ( wom51 ?\gh x 0 on ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity t ! /atus 0 l[]$--abolition ( slav]y1 ?\gh among ! mo/ /r5u\s advocates = ! abolition 7 su* well-kn[n free?9k]s z ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son1 ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 & ,moncure ,conway1 :ile ! :ole ( ,tory ,engl& %\t$ its approval :5 ,g5]al ,lee drew 8 sword on behalf ( ! rights ( ,old ,virg9ia1 & :ile ,glad/one1 9 8 fir/ ,new>k address1 #ahcb1 own$ t slav]y 0 ju/ifi$ by ! ,bible--ef=ts = sup]s$+ ! horrors & clums9ess ( w>1 ?\gh free?9k]s to a man are support]s ( ! movem5t1 :ile ,bi%ops f ! pulpit (f] up pray]s = peace & 9 ! same brea? expatiate on ! ennobl+ effects ( w> ^u ! race1 & :ile ! head ( a mighty !ocratic-autocratic ,*ri/ian ,gov]nm5t calls ! nations to a peace conf]5ce1 & !n takes ! fir/ opportunity to prosecute ! mo/ unnecess>y & bloody w> ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,x is errone\s ass]tions su* z ^! :i* t5d1 p]haps1 m ?an any?+ else1 to confuse ! simple "q be=e u--! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y are !re=e discuss$ at great] l5g? 9 a sep>ate *apt] devot$ to popul> fallacies4 ,mean:ile1 9 ! pres5t *apt] ,i hope ,i h succe$$ 9 giv+ "s insight into ! true nature ( ! pres5t situation4 ,,miracles ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,extraord9>y ,,/ate ,,( ,,apologetics ,,) ,,reg>d ,,to ,,miracles #a4 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks4 ,9 ?is & ! foll[+ *apt]s ,i hope to %[ h[ matt]s /& ) ref]5ce to ! m important po9ts at issue betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian apologi/ & ! ,rationali/4 ,! tru? or o!rwise ( ! ,bible miracles be+ ( supreme importance1 ,i beg9 ) an exam9ation ( ! position ( apologetics ) reg>d to !m4 ,,! ,,view ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,pr(essor ,huxley once made ! foll[+ rem>k3 ,! miracles ( ! ,*ur* are *ild's play to ! miracles ,i see 9 nature4 ,?is has be5 hail$ by ! apologi/ z a satisfactory admission t sci5ce conc$es ! possibility ( miracles4 ,x is cont9ually be+ quot$ 9 apologetic works & f ! pulpit1 & is app>5tly consid]$ z a conclusive piece ( evid5ce t sci5ce has no?+ to say aga9/ miracles4 ,b1 ,pr(essor ,huxley w5t on to expla93 ,on ! /r5g? ( an und5iable improbability1 h[ev]1 we n only h a "r to dem&1 b are morally b\nd to require1 /rong evid5ce 9 fav\r ( a miracle be=e we ev5 take x into s]i\s consid]ation4 ,b :51 in/ead ( su* evid5ce1 no?+ is produc$ b /ories orig9at+ nobody kn[s h[ or :51 among p]sons :o c\ld firmly believe 9 devils :i* ent] pigs1 ,i confess t my feel+ is "o ( a/oni%m5t t anyone %\ld expect a reasonable man to take su* te/imony s]i\sly4 #cj ,we nev] he> ( ?is f ! pulpit6 ,possibly ,pr(essor ,huxley w\ld n h be5 ?us misrepres5t$--or %all we say misund]/ood8--if he _h spok5 ( ! wond]s ( nature1 & _h n us$ a ^w popul>ly und]/ood to signify t break 9 nature's laws :i* x has yet to be prov$ has ev] occurr$1 or c ev] occur4 ,! wond]s ( nature take place 9 accordance ) natural laws2 miracles d n4 ,,:y ,,h ,,miracles ,,ceas$8 ,an obvi\s objection to miracles is ! "o (t5 prop\nd$ by an inquir+ *ild1 ,:y d we no long] h miracles8 ,! rationali/'s reply1 ( c\rse1 is t1 s soon z nature's laws 7 bett] und]/ood1 tru/wor?y evid5ce 0 dem&$ & miracles ceas$4 ,paley tries to p>ry ! "q by say+3 ,to expect1 conc]n+ a miracle1 t x %\ld succe$ ^u repetition is to expect t :i* w\ld make x cease to be a miracle2 :i* is contr>y to its nature z su*1 & w\ld totally de/roy ! use & purpose = :i* x 0 wr\ght4 #ca ,b1 z ,cott] ,morison rem>ks3 #cb ,assum+ t a miracle reveals ! pres5ce ( a sup]natural p[]1 :y %\ld its repetition de/roy its miracul\s "*8 ,above all1 :y %\ld x de/roy its use8 ,if miracles are int5d$ to conv]t ! /iff-neck$ & h>d-(-he>t1 :at m likely way ( br++ !m to submission ?an ! repetition ( miracles8 ,&1 accord+ to ,scripture1 ?is 0 precisely ! way 9 :i* ,ph>aoh1 k+ ( ,egypt1 0 humbl$4 ,he resi/$ ! miracles wr\ght by ,moses & ,a>on ) /ubbornness all ?r\gh ! fir/ n9e plagues2 b ! univ]sal slay+ ( ! fir/-born broke ev5 8 _s4444 ,x may suit ,paley to say t repetition ( miracles w\ld de/roy _! use2 b he mu/ be a luke-w>m !ologian :o does n at times wi% f ! dep? ( 8 he>t t an au!ntic miracle c\ld be produc$4 ,yet x is at ?is mom5t\s crisis 9 ! religi\s affairs ( ! _w1 :5 ! enemy is c>ry+ "o position aft] ano!r1 & has all b p5etrat$ to ! citadel ( belief1 t no miracles occur1 t no miracles are claim$1 except1 inde$1 ( ! compromis+ species made at ,l\rdes4444 ,:5 no "o d\bt$ ! possibility ( ! frequ5cy ( miracles !y ab\nd$1 we are told--t is1 :51 by reason ( _! numb] & ! ready cr$it accord$ to !m1 _! effect 0 ! lea/ />tl+1 !n !y 7 lavi%$ on a believ+ _w4 ,n[1 :5 !y are d5i$ & insult$ z ! figm5ts ( a b>b>\s age2 :5 ! fai? !y might support is 9 su* jeop>dy z x nev] 0 be=e2 :5 a ti! ( ! wond]s wa/$ 9 ! des]ts ( ,s9ai & ! 'p>ts beyond ,jordan' w\ld %ake ! nations ) a/oni%m5t & surprise--:51 9 %ort1 ! lea/ exp5diture ( miracle w\ld produce ! maximum ( result1 !n miracles my/]i\sly cease4 ,?is fact1 :i* is beyond conte/1 has borne fruit1 & w yet be> m4 ,"s pi\s ,*ri/ians1 feel+ ! =ce ( argum5ts su* z ^!1 cont5d t ,*ri/'s promises to believ]s d inde$ apply to all "t2 t sup]natural manife/ations h n ceas$2 & t1 :5 !re is no ex]cise ( ! sup]natural 9 ! visible ,*ur* ( ,*ri/5dom1 x is ow+ to lack ( fai?4 ,c y give me1 asks ,fa!r ,ignatius1 #cc "o s+le text 9 ,holy ,scripture to prove t miracles & visions are to cease ) ! apo/les8 ,:5 we he>1 9 all directions1 ( ! sup]natural be+ manife/$1 we ne$ n wond]1 = we are liv+ 9 a day :i* dem&s sup]natural manife/ations m ?an any o!r epo* 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,,belief ,,9 ,,miracles ,,ess5tial4 ,! old argum5t 9 support ( miracles & inspiration 0 cle>ly vitiat$ by its circul> nature1 = x 0 to ! effect t miracles 7 true because ass]t$ to be s 9 ! ,bible1 :i* 0 ! inspir$ ^w ( ,god1 & t ! ,bible 0 inspir$ because ! miracles prov$ x to be s4 ,?is argum5t is gradually be+ dropp$1 & ,i h only allud$ to x to %[ h[ mu* importance us$ to be1 &1 = ! matt] ( t1 /ill is1 atta*$ to miracles1 z prov+ ! tru? ( ! ,bible4 ,butl]1 ,paley1 ,mansel1 ,mozley1 ,f>r>1 ,we/cott1 ,liddon1 & a ho/ ( o!r au?orities1 c\ld n conceive t revelation c\ld be made 9 any o!r way ?an by miracles1 & felt t )\t !m ,*ri/ianity w\ld be prov$ false & ov]?r[n4 ,su* also appe>s to be ! op9ion ( ! majority ( our liv+ dignit>ies4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m9ority1 :i* we may take to be repres5t$ by ! able writ]s 9 ,cont5tio ,v]itatis & else:]e1 ma9ta9 t ! "t is pa/ :5 ,*ri/ianity c\ld be pres5t$ z a revelation atte/$ by miracles4444 ,we mu/ accept ,*ri/ianity1 n on ! gr\nd ( ! miracles1 b 9 spite ( !m4444 ,!re has be5 no special int]v5tion ( ! ,div9e ,w contr>y to ! natural ord] ( ?+s4 ,t is1 by rul+ miracles to be out ( c\rt1 ! new s*ool are able to reconcile ! facts ( sci5ce ) ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,our belief 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ mu/ be bas$ ^u moral conviction2 n ^u physical wond]4 #cd ,! old s*ool1 on ! o!r h&1 consid] ,*ri/ianity to be untrue )\t miracles4 ,! miracul\s elem5t1 !y say1 _c be we$$ out ( ! ,gospel n>ratives )\t altoge!r impugn+ ! hi/orical value ( ^! docum5ts4 #ce ,!y are able to ma9ta9 ?is position1 & yet rema9 believ]s1 by disall[+ ! facts ( sci5ce4 ,x is an extraord9>y /ate ( affairs1 & :o c wond] t _m ( ! laity :o "k ( ^! ?+s are mean:ile fa/ laps+ into agno/icism8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 no bi%op1 no cl]k 9 ,holy ,ord]s1 c hone/ly reta9 8 pref]m5t unless he believes 9 miracles4 ,he w\ld h to foll[ ! example ( ! late ,sir ,leslie ,/eph51 & resign4 #b4 ,miracle ,apologetics4 ,! "q arises1 ,h[1 !n1 d ! majority ( our spiritual guides reg>d ! acc\nts ( miracles 9 ! ,bible8 ,broadly speak+1 miracles are divid$ by !m into ?ree classes--7#a7 my?ical1 b conta9+ spiritual tru?s2 7#b7 explicable naturally2 7#c7 hi/orical & vital4 ,%\ld _! views be ( a v advanc$ type1 all ! miracles w be relegat$ to ! fir/ two classes4 ,if advanc$1 b n q s mu* advanc$1 ! fundam5tal miracles ( ! ,inc>nation1 ,resurrection1 & ,asc5sion w be tak5 into ! ?ird class2 ! miracles deem$ to be n indisp5sable1 or n s]v+ a useful purpose1 be+ expla9$ away4 ,cont9u+ to desc5d ! scale ( enlight5m5t1 m & m miracles w f9d _! way into ! ?ird class1 until no miracles alleg$ to h be5 p]=m$ by ,*ri/ himself w be discr$it$--except1 p]haps1 ^? t appe> p>ticul>ly incr$ible or useless1 su* z s5d+ devils into sw9e1 turn+ wat] into w9e1 or )]+ a fig tree4 ,reg>d+ ! miracles alleg$ to h be5 p]=m$ by ! ,apo/les we he> v little4 ,conc]n+ ! ,old ,te/am5t miracles1 h[ev]1 op9ions are freely express$1 & range betwe5 ^? ( ! ,broad ,*ur*1 :o consid] ! miracles all belong to ! fir/ two classes1 & ^? ( ! /rictly or?odox1 :o ma9ta9 all ! miracul\s ev5ts to be facts1 on ! pr9ciple t1 :e!r ! :ale swall[$ ,jonah or ,jonah swall[$ ! :ale1 !y mu/ be true because !y are relat$ 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures--! ,scriptures t 7 accept$ z hi/orical by _! ,"l & ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,p :o are ! *ildr5 ( ,*ri/ian p>5ts h be5 br\ght up f *ildhood to a lit]al acceptance ( ! miracles1 & n[ !y are n only ask$ to give up ! convictions s s$ul\sly implant$ :ile _! m9ds 7 mo/ receptive1 b to *oose betwe5 ! conflict+ views ( ! exp\nd]s ( ,god's ^w4 ,let u consid] "s examples ( ! late/ int]pretations1 & see if !y appeal to our he>ts & m9ds4 ,9 ,john v4 7! au!nticity ( ! passage is ( no mom5t to ?is argum5t7 we read t ! /irr+ ( ! wat]s & ! consequ5t heal+ virtue 0 attribut$ to ! pres5ce ( an angel4 ,! mod]n w\ld speak ( ! pool z a m$ic9al spr+4 ,! fact is ! same4 ,! mode ( description is diff]5t4 ,! anci5t knew little ( :at are call$ natural causes4 #cf ,! explanation is s5sible en\gh2 b1 :ile incid5tally %[+ t ! ,evangeli/s 7 j z cr$ul\s & ignorant z o!r p ( _! times1 x is a dang]\s concession4 ,= directly a natural explanation ( ?is k9d is all[$ 9 "o case1 x mu/ also be all[$ z possible 9 ano!r1 & ?us ! fundam5tal miracles might be %orn ( all t r5d]s !m ( any value = sub/antiat+ our fai?4 ,reg>d+ ! p>ticul> explanation "u consid]ation1 "o may be p]mitt$ to ask1 ,h[ is x ! wat] has lo/ its m$ic9al qualities8 ,also1 ,h[ is x ! anci5t's belief is /ill foi/$ on ! cr$ul\s mod]n8 ,:5 visit+ ! traditional ,pool ( ,be!sda1 n[ 9 ! cu/ody ( ! ,greek ,*ur*1 ,i saw docum5ts expos$ 9 ! gateway giv+ ! words f ! fif? *apt] ( ,/4 ,john 9 fifty-six diff]5t languages6 ,! heal+ miracles p]=m$ by ,jesus are n[ frequ5tly attribut$ to ! use ( ! same p[] z t by :i* fai?-cures are effect$ at ! pres5t "t--a p[] ^u :i* ! sci5ce ( psy*ology is %$d+ a new light1 & :i* m5tal !rapeutics w "o day place at ! disposal ( ! human race4 ,ap>t f ?is disappo9t+ alt]ation 9 ! "* ( ! mighty works :i* 7 suppos$ to betok5 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 is !re n some?+ abhorr5t 9 ! ?\ght t ,he %\ld take advantage ( a secret k ( ! p[]s ( nature1 9 ord] to impose ^u ! cr$ulity ( ! age 9 :i* ,he liv$1 & ?us secure ! wor%ip ( ,8 disciples8 ,at lea/1 if we are ,*ri/ians1 let u assume t ,*ri/1 z man1 believ$ ,he 0 us+ sup]natural p[]s1 & t ,8 disciples1 if !y _h fai? en\gh1 c\ld remove m\nta9s1 j z ,he und\bt$ly believ$1 accord+ to su* an em95t au?ority z ,dr4 ,s&ay1 t ,he really 0 ca/+ out devils :5 ,he cur$ ! epileptic1 etc4 ,x is c]ta9ly difficult to und]/& ?is ignorance ( ! ,son ( ,god2 b1 :5 apologi/s attempt to extricate ,*ri/ian dogmas f ! quagmire ( d\bt by su* me?ods1 !y only succe$ 9 caus+ !m to disappe> into x beyond all hope ( recov]y4 ,z ,i h allud$ to ! subject ( ,*ri/'s belief 9 devil-possession1 ,i %\ld m5tion "h t !re are /ill _m cultur$ ecclesia/ics1 especially among ^? :o /ill believe t !re is su* a p]sonage z ! ,devil1 :o argue t !re 0 su* a malady z devil-possession 9 ^? days4 ,"s ev5 hold t x /ill exi/s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,rev4 ,david ,smi?1 9 8 book1 ,! ,days ( ,8 ,fle%1 :i* pr(esses to br+ ! ,gospels up to date1 holds t ,jesus1 aft] 8 wont1 fell 9 ) ! delusion1 & t 9 ! case 9 :i* ! ,gad>5e sw9e play s important a "p1 ,he1 l a wise physician1 humanis$ ! madman's fancy1 & feign$ acquiesc5ce 9 8 lunatic craze4 ,exorcism1 x may be rem>k$1 has be5 practis$1 9 all times1 :]ev] a belief has exi/$ 9 lit]al demoniacal possession4 ,9 ! ,lat9 & ,greek ,*ur*es x is us$ 9 ! baptism ( bo? adults & infants1 9 ! consecration ( wat]1 salt1 oil1 etc41 & 9 specific cases ( individuals suppos$ to be possess$ by evil spirits4 ,exorcism 9 baptism is /ill reta9$ also 9 "s ,lu!ran ,*ur*es4 ,9 ,j]usalem1 at ! pres5t "t1 !re are ?ree diss5t+ sects1 ^: m9i/]s practise ! exorcism ( spirits4 ,op9ions diff] widely z to :e!r c]ta9 miracles actually occurr$1 or :e!r !y admit ( a natural explanation4 ,take ! miracle ( ! ,fe$+ ( ! ,five ,?\s&4 ,! s*ool1 ( :i* ! ,bi%op ( ,birm+ham1 late ( ,worce/]1 & ! le>n$ ,dr4 ,s&ay are ! m\?pieces1 consid] t1 :atev] may h actually occurr$1 a n9ete5?-c5tury obs]v] w\ld h giv51 if he _h be5 pres5t1 a diff]5t acc\nt f t :i* has come d[n to u4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,bi%op ( ,london believes ?is miracle to h occurr$ because ( ! v humble1 unimag9ative 81 & tru?ful m5 :o report$ x4 #cg ,c\ld any two views be m diametrically opposite8 ,obvi\sly1 z has already be5 po9t$ out1 de/ructive admissions conc]n+ any "o ( ! miracles t5d to invalidate ! tru? ( all ! re/2 &1 !re=e1 we f9d t apologi/s ( a less advanc$ /amp are /ill incl9$ to ! view t ! miracles connect$ ) ! life ( ,*ri/ are miracles pure & simple4 ,godet1 9 8 ,def5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 expla9s t ,x w become easy to und]/& :y ! prodigies :i* signalis$ ! adv5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ^u e>? d n occur 9 our day4444 ,! appe>ance ( ! p]fectly ,holy ,man 0 s tr5*ant a break 9 ! life ( humanity up to t mom5t t f ! %ock x produc$ !re result$ consequ5ces :i* h n repeat$ !mselves at any o!r p]iod4444 ,"o condition 0 requisite--viz41 t !re %\ld exi/ a ,man fit to be associat$ ) ! ex]cise ( ! ,creative ,omnipot5ce4 ,_m d\bt]s may be prep>$ to admit ! necessity ( miracles z expla9$ by ! le>n$ ,pr(essor2 b !y cont5d t1 up to ! pres5t "t1 !re is no in/ance ( a miracle hav+ be5 prov$1 n ev5 ! alleg$ s9lessness ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & !y ask :y1 if ,god graci\sly furni%$ pro(s to "o g5]ation1 ,he did n1 9 ,8 inf9ite wisdom1 orda9 t ^! pro(s %\ld be e/abli%$ = all "t1 beyond all possibility ( cavil8 ,pass+ on to ! miracles ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 we (t5 f9d t ^? :o /ill ma9ta9 t only ! fir/ *apt]s ( ! ,bible are leg5d>y w adopt a v>iation ( ! second class ( int]pretation--!y w say t ! ev5ts 7 ( an ord9>y "*1 b occurr$ 9 answ] to pray]4 ,jo%ua is = !m an hi/orical "*4 ,h[ev]1 ,jo%ua x4 #ab-ad mu/ n be tak5 lit]ally1 b all[ance %\ld be made = poetical lic5ce4 ,jo%ua1 x is expla9$1 nev] really committ$ himself to ! ext5t ( comm&+ ! sun & ! moon to /& /ill1 b only bes\ght ,god t ! black cl\ds ( ! /orm driv+ up ! pass f ! sea might n be all[$ to blot out ! sun & br+ night prematurely be=e 8 victory 0 complete4 #ch ,?is pray]1 be x rememb]$1 0 = ! sake ( a "w ( but*]y :i* ,god 0 suppos$ to h sanction$6 ,besides1 z ! sun is said to h obey$ ,jo%ua1 &1 fur!r1 x is said t !re 0 no day l t be=e x or aft] x1 at lea/ we are to inf] t some?+ v unusual happ5$ at ,jo%ua's reque/4 ,! explanation we meet ) 9 :at are consid]$ by "s to be ! be/ apologetics is t ! language us$ is purely figurative1 j z "o might say1 ,i hope ! sun won't set too soon1 or ,we nev] _h su* a day4 ,simil>ly !re is ! nor?-ea/ w9d !ory z a possible explanation ( :at might h happ5$1 if ! cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea ev] took place1 & if ,moses be n z my?ical z ! rod ) :i* he divid$ ! wat]s4 ,p]haps ! mo/ unsatisfactory explanation ( all is t reg>d+ ! ra9b[4 ,x is agre$1 !re be+ no o!r alt]native1 t x is n meant t ! ra9b[ appe>$ = ! fir/ "t to ,noah ano!r purely leg5d>y "* aft] ! ,flood al?\gh ?is is c]ta9ly :at ! ,bible leads "o to suppose1 b t x 0 adopt$ !n z a visible sign ( ,god's cov5ant1 z wat] is adopt$ = a some:at simil> cov5ant 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #ci ,x is n[ kn[n = a fact t1 if !re are any hi/orical data = ! /ory1 ! ,flood c\ld only h be5 local2 b let t pass4 ,has ! ra9b[-cov5ant prev5t$ millions ( p p]i%+ s9ce !n 9 _m a mighty flood8 ,look+ at ,god's promise z a tok5 ( ,8 pity = suff]+ humanity1 are n dea?s occurr+ e mom5t1 accompani$ by agony s prolong$ & supreme t1 comp>$ ) !m1 a dea? by dr[n+ w\ld be a happy release8 ,if ,jews & ,*ri/ians /ill really believe 9 ?is /ory1 h[ is x t ! ra9b[ attracts n ! slighte/ dev\t att5tion8 ,i h nev] yet he>d ?is beautiful spectacle allud$ to ) any p>ticul> rev]5ce4 ,! reason is obvi\s4 ,we "k t ! b[ consi/s ( all ! prismatic col\rs produc$ 9 ! atmosph]e by ! refraction & reflection ( ! sun's light f ! ra9 drops1 & no "o reg>ds ! ,bible /ory s]i\sly4 ,yet our div9es try to save ! cr$it ( ! ,bible by int]pretations :i* are obvi\sly cat*+ at /raws4 ,su* me?ods are z h>mful z !y are pitiful4 ,9 all ^! examples ! explanations (f]$ to u seem to come to ?is--! ph5om5a 7 purely natural f />t to f9i%1 only !y occurr$ opportunely & 7 aft]w>ds poetically embelli%$2 or !y conta9 a spiritual mean+4 ,p]haps ! mo/ extraord9>y argum5t ev] br\ght =w>d conc]n+ ! sun /&+ /ill is t urg$ by ! le>n$ ,bi%op ,we/cott 9 8 ,gospel ( ! ,resurrection4 ,he says 7pp4 #ch-i73 ,x w\ld be positively immoral = u n[ to pray t ! tides or ! sun %\ld n rise on a p>ticul> day2 b1 z long z ! idea ( ! physical law :i* rul$ !m 0 un=m$ or indi/9ct1 ! pray] w\ld h be5 reasonable1 & 7may we n suppose87 ! fulfilm5t also4 ,x is difficult to believe t ^! c really be ! words ( "o ( ! ,*ur*'s greate/ s*ol>s4 ,to :at ext5t w n bias influ5ce ! bra9 to use its p[]s p]v]sely8 ,x is f>-fet*$ argum5ts ( ?is k9d t increase r ?an dispel d\bt 9 ! normal m9d1 & especially :5 !y are br\ght =w>d 9 all s]i\sness by ! v pill>s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we are sometimes ask$ to bani% our d\bts & crav+ = intellectualism1 z x is call$1 & to come to ,*ri/ z little *ildr5 & 9 ,him to f9d re/4 ,c]ta9ly x is only by lett+ our m9ds s9k to ! level ( a little *ild's1 or1 :at is ! same ?+1 to ! level ( a primeval man's1 t we c\ld br+ ourselves to accept su* *ildi% nons5se4 ,a *ild asks = ! moon1 b does n "k ! physical impossibility ( obta9+ 8 desire4 ,8 pray] is !re=e reasonable1 & 7may we n suppose87 ! fulfilm5t also4 ,?is unconsci\s trifl+ ) ! tru?--= 9 reality x is no?+ else--rem9ds me ( a passage 9 ,dr4 ,smi?'s or?odox1 b some:at out ( date1 ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 :]e an attempt is made to reconcile ! ,mosaic n>rative ( ,creation ) ! discov]ies ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,x runs z foll[s3 ,! v act ( creation mu/ h be5 ! introduc+ ( laws2 b1 :5 ! "w 0 f9i%$1 ^? laws may h suff]$ "s modification4 #dj ,we h se5 t1 :ile "o section ( apologi/s cont5d t belief 9 ! miracul\s is ess5tial1 o!r advocates ( ,*ri/ianity try to get rid ( all difficulties by sugge/+ t su* words z miracles & sup]natural ought n to be us$4 ,9 a pap] on ,! ,effect ( ,sci5ce ^u ,*ri/ianity1 :i* he has contribut$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,commonweal?1 ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,f4 ,horton1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41 affirms t ! ^w 'sup]natural' is ill-*os51 & he adds t x is unkn[n 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & introduces ideas :i* are ali5 to ^? ( ,*ri/4 ,! ^w miracles1 #da he holds1 is equally un=tunate1 & repres5ts a notion :i* is n conta9$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t t]ms signs & mighty works4 ,if ?is be n ^w-sp9n+1 !n :at is8 ,does x matt] :e!r we call ! rais+ ( ,laz>us a miracle or a sign8 ,is ! miracul\s fe$+ ( ! multitudes r5d]$ m cr$ible if we call x a natural in/ead ( a sup]natural occurr5ce8 ,is n ! :ole po9t ( ! sign lo/1 too1 if x be no long] sup]natural--if x becomes a sort ( juggl+ feat8 ,dr4 ,horton leaves u 9 no d\bt z to ! object ( 8 play ^u words4 ,he aims at dispos+ ( ! difficulties connect$ ) ,*ri/ian miracles by affirm+ t ev]y?+ 9 nature is miracul\s4 ,he obs]ves3 ,!re is no miracle 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t s amaz+ z ! fact t f protoplasm has develop$ ! spiritual life ( ! sa9t4 ,he is voic+ "o ( ! late/ pleas ( ! advanc$ apologi/s--a plea :i* is transp>5tly va9 & futile4 ,developm5t f protoplasm1 l all ! o!r wond]s ( ! univ]se1 takes place 9 accordance ) natural laws m or less p]fectly und]/ood2 & ^! ?+s h no sort ( connection ) ! signs & mighty works ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,miracles are reject$ n because !y are amaz+1 b because !y are contradictory to exp]i5ce & at v>iance ) ! laws ( nature4 ,s f> ! sci5ti/ consid]s ! reign ( law to be an e/abli%$ sci5tific fact1 & he is naturally lo? to conclude1 )\t ! /ronge/ evid5ce1 t1 aft] all1 he has be5 deceiv$4 ,mu* less w\ld he come to su* a conclusion :5 !re is n ev5 a p>ticle ( tru/wor?y evid5ce4 ,!re is ! significant circum/ance1 too1 t ! laws n[ discov]$ 7 unkn[n at ! "t ( ! alleg$ p]=mance ( miracles1 & t ! belief 9 miracles1 & 9 ! suppos$ cont9uance ( miracles1 v>ies 9 inv]se proportion to k4 #c4 ,! ,fundam5tal ,miracles4 ,! above samples ( apologetics fairly repres5t ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* miracles are n[ expla9$4 ,ev5 if ! reason+ 7 s\nd1 x w\ld h>dly s]ve to /r5g!n ! argum5ts = ^? miracles :i* _c & mu/ n be expla9$ away--! miracles on :i* are bas$ ! c5tral doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,*ri/ianity /&s or falls accord+ z ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion are facts or n4 ,! ,rationali/'s criticisms h be5 pres5t$ 9 _m articles & books1 b p]haps n[h]e m cle>ly & =cibly ?an 9 ! well-kn[n "w1 ,sup]natural ,religion2 & x is wor?y ( note t ^! criticisms h be5 fur!r /r5g!n$ by ! late/ ,high] ,criticism1 z set =? 9 ! articles on ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion n>ratives 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica4 ,i h specially ref]r$ to ,sup]natural ,religion1 because ?is book creat$ a consid]able /ir 9 !ological circles :5 x fir/ appe>$1 "s ye>s ago1 & also because its argum5ts are popul>ly suppos$ to h be5 completely demoli%$ by ,bi%op ,lightfoot 9 8 ,essays on ! ,"w ,call$ ,sup]natural ,religion4 ,b--& "h is a good in/ance ( ! ease ) :i* ! laity c be deceiv$--if anyone w take ! tr\ble only to glance at ^! two works1 he w f9d1 to 8 a/oni%m5t1 t ! :ole ( ! ov]:elm+ly important portion ( ! book "u review1 su* z ! *apt]s on miracles1 on ! ,resurrection1 on ! ,inc>nation1 & on ! ,asc5sion1 has receiv$ no att5tion6 ,besides1 !re is ,a ,reply to ,dr4 ,lightfoot's ,essays #db :i* completely demoli%es ! ,bi%op's argum5ts4 ,,! ,,resurrection4 ,advanc$ mod]n criticism %[s t ! ,resurrection c no long] be reg>d$ z a hi/orical fact1 ! evid5ce be+ unreliable4 ,?is is ! sob] op9ion ( pr(essors ( !ology =m$ on ! results ( ! mo/ c>eful rese>*1 & ) no preconceiv$ op9ion z to its sci5tific impossibility4 ,:at h ! apologi/s to say to ?is8 ,:ile ! obvi\s discrepancies & defici5cies 9 ! acc\nts ( ! ,resurrection are left practically unexpla9$1 ! old argum5t f ! empty tomb #dc is be+ disc>d$ z wor?less by ! be/ s*ol>s4 ,aga91 ! new sci5ce ( psy*ology robs ! appe>ances1 suppos+ t !y ev] occurr$1 ( any mean+ t c\ld be con/ru$ into a pro( ( ! ,resurrection4 ,only "o argum5t ( any acc\nt is left1 & on ?is ! apologi/ *iefly p9s 8 fai?1 m ?an on any?+ else4 ,a c]ta9 contempor>y ( ,*ri/ wrote "s lett]s 9 :i* he %[s a firm belief 9 ! ,resurrection3 8 "n 0 ,paul4 ,! evid5ce ( ?is "o man is consid]$ suffici5t to sub/antiate a miracle1 :i* is contr>y to all human exp]i5ce1 & ^u ! tru? ( :i* dep5d ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? & our hope ( immortality6 ,moreov]1 ,/4 ,paul 0 n pres5t himself on any ( ! occasions ( ! alleg$ appe>ances2 &1 except ) reg>d to 8 own p>ticul> religi\s exp]i5ce1 8 evid5ce is !re=e he>say4 ,! /atem5t t ,jesus 0 se5 by #ejj bre?r5 at once is ( little value1 & ,/4 ,paul omits to m5tion :at /eps he took to asc]ta9 ! accuracy ( 8 in=mation--:o ! individuals 71 :at ! v>i\s impressions made ^u !m 71 etc4 ,! appe>ance to #ejj bre?r5 is n m5tion$ 9 any ( ! ,gospels4 ,t ,/4 ,paul he>d su* a report does n prove t ! report 0 true1 or1 if true1 t ! #ejj _h cle> & unmi/akable evid5ce ( ,*ri/'s pres5ce4 ,!re are critics :o c\ld n accept ! evid5ce ( ,/4 ,paul1 = ! simple reason t !y conclude t we possess no ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul2 t ! writ+s :i* be> 8 "n are pseudepigrapha1 conta9+ seem+ly hi/orical data f ! life & lab\rs ( ! ,apo/le borr[$ f ,acts ( ,paul--a "w conta9+1 s f> z is kn[n to u1 bo? tru? & fiction4 #dd ,less advanc$ criticism lays d[n ! broad !sis t all ! ,paul9e epi/les are real lett]s writt5 by him1 b t ,paul1 :o reckon$ ! future ( ?is pres5t _w n by mill5nia or c5turies1 b by a few %ort ye>s1 _h n ! fa9te/ surmise ( ! "p 8 lett]s 7 de/9$ to play 9 ! provid5tial ord]+ ( ! _w4 #de ,accept+ ! g5u95ess ( ! ,epi/les1 & !re=e ( ! passage 9 #a ,cor4 xv4 #c-h1 let u pause & ?9k ov] ! *ief features ( ! argum5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x seems to me t ! fact ( ,/4 ,paul hav+ be5 a contempor>y ( ! ,messiah really only adds to our p]plexities4 ,:5 !re 7 s _m :o 7 eye-witnesses ( ,8 life1 :y %\ld ,god s+le out "o :o 0 n ?us fav\r$ z ,8 *ief witness = all po/]ity8 ,he 0 liv+ at ! same "t & 9 ! same c\ntry z ,*ri/1 & yet nev] knew ,him4 ,surely x /&s to reason t an eye-witness is ( m value ?an a m]e vision>y :o wrote lett]s reveal+ a rem>kable ignorance ( ! great] "p ( ! n>rative ( ! ,gospels1 & inde$ ( ! :ole body ( tea*+s !re ascrib$ to ,jesus4 ,t ,/4 ,paul w\ld believe 9 ! ,resurrection be=e he took up ! ,*ri/ian cause goes )\t say+2 b t he believ$ ev]y?+ he he>d f ! foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 & ev]y?+ he ?\ght he he>d :5 9 a trance1 does n1 ,i fe>1 am\nt to mu* 9 ! way ( evid5ce--& especially s :5 we "k t ?is 0 an age :5 ! resurrection ( any great prophet 0 tak5 to be a normal ev5t4 ,h[ (t51 ,i wond]1 9 ! _w's hi/ory h n ! disciples ( great tea*]s attribut$ miracul\s p[]s to _! belov$ ma/]1 ev5 :5 ) !m alive1 & /ill fur!r magnifi$ ^! p[]s aft] 8 dea?8 ,h[ (t5 has x n occurr$ t ^! same /ories h be5 fur!r exagg]at$ 9 ! c\rse ( _! transmission to succe$+ g5]ations8 ,no?+ is m conceivable ?an t ! ,bible /ory may spuri\sly embelli% ! real life ( ,jesus z mu* z ! my?ical acc\nts ( ,buddha1 = in/ance1 spuri\sly embelli% ! real life ( ,pr9ce ,siddr?a4 ,( all old-_w leg5ds1 ! dea? & resurrection ( a virg9-born or 9 "s way div9ely-born ,savi\r 0 ! mo/ widespread4 ,saul1 ! ,ph>isee1 w\ld h be5 imbu$ ) ?is preval5t notion1 & s c\ld nev] get away f ! ?\ght t "s k9d ( propitiation _h to be made = ! s9s ( m54 ,"t aft] "t a t]rible suspicion mu/ h cross$ 8 m9d--:at if he 7 committ+ a he9\s crime 9 p]secut+ ! ,*ri/ians8 ,:at if1 aft] all1 ! ,crucifi$ ,"o 7 ! real ,savi\r ( mank9d8 ,d\bts su* z ^! may well h deeply agitat$ him4 ,! liv+ figure s (t5 describ$ to him by ! ,*ri/ians mu/ h /ood out be=e him4 ,on 8 own te/imony1 z well z t ( ! ,acts1 he 0 prone to visions & o!r ec/atic conditions 7#b ,cor4 xii4 #a-d2 #a ,cor4 xiv4 #ah2 ,acts ix4 #ab1 xvi4 #i1 xxii4 #ag1 xxvii4 #bc74 ,:at m natural ?an t aft] 8 religi\s exp]i5ce ne> ,damascus he %\ld be conv9c$ t he _h be5 specially fav\r$ by an int]view ) ! ,savi\r8 ,s _m spiritual exp]i5ces ( a l nature are on record t x is difficult to "k :i* is ! be/ to select = comp>ison4 ,pr(essor ,huxley1 9 8 essay on ,! ,value ( ,witness to ! ,miracul\s1 takes ! cases ( ,eg9h>d 7born ab\t ,a4,d4 #ggj71 :o wrote ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,translation ( ! ,bless$ ,m>tyrs ( ,*ri/1 ,s4,s4 ,m>cell9us & ,petrus2 & ,george ,fox1 :o1 ab\t ! ye> #afdg1 he>d voices & saw visions :i* assur$ him t !re is a liv+ ,god :o made all ?+s4 ,p]haps ! case ( ,emanuel ,sw$5borg #df may be wor? a mom5t's consid]ation4 ,he 0 ! son ( a bi%op1 & 0 c>efully educat$4 ,end[$ ) unusual intellectual p[]s & an iron con/itution1 he acquir$ va/ /ores ( le>n+4 ,f e>ly *ildhood he ev9c$ a s]i\s turn ( m9d1 comb9$ ) a rem>kable t5d5cy to indulge 9 religi\s speculations4 ,ev5tually he receiv$ an extraord9>y call 9 ! %ape ( a vision4 ,?is conv]t$ ! sci5tific inquir] into a sup]natural prophet4 ,he 0 n[ ! m\?piece ( ,god4 ,! ,"l ,himself ha? call$ me1 :o 0 graci\sly pleas$ to manife/ ,himself to me1 ,8 unwor?y s]vant1 9 a p]sonal exp]i5ce 9 ! ye> #agde4 ,i h nev]1 he says 9 8 "w on ,true ,*ri/ian ,religion1 receiv$ any?+ app]ta9+ to ! doctr9es ( t ,*ur* f any angel1 b f ! ,"l alone1 :ile ,i 0 read+ ! ,^w4 ,sw$5borg 0 a man :o won ! respect1 confid5ce1 & love ( all :o came 9 contact ) him4 ,he _h a peculi>ly ab/ract metaphysical "* ( m9d1 & 0 firmly conv9c$ t he _h conv]s$ ) spirits & se5 ! ,"l4 ,s 0 ,m>t9 ,lu!r p]fectly conv9c$ t he _h se5 ! ,devil :5 he ?rew 8 ink-pot at him4 ,s 0 ! peasant girl ( ,l\rdes conv9c$ t %e _h se5 ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,s is ,evan ,rob]ts conv9c$ t he has se5 8 ,savi\r4 ,s h _m good ,*ri/ians f "t to "t be5 conv9c$ t !y h se5 ,*ri/1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 sa9ts1 & angels4 ,fa!r ,ignatius1 ! ,evangeli/ monk1 may be1 z ,i h he>d him call$1 an emotional wreck2 b he is also a mo/ e>ne/ ,*ri/ian1 & he is q sure t he has se5 ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 #dg ,john ,wesley1 ^: foll[]s ?r\gh\t ! _w to-day numb] #cj1jjj1jjj1 0 also a vision>y4 ,?\s&s & ?\s&s ( hea!ns z well z ,*ri/ians h _h visions ( _! savi\rs2 b su* exp]i5ces c\ld sc>cely be br\ght =w>d s]i\sly z a pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( ! div9ities believ$ to h be5 se51 or ( _! asc5sion aft] a life ^u e>?4 ,visual & auditory halluc9ations are n[ ! subject ( a se>*+ inquiry by ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*1 &1 will+ z "s ( its memb]s are to expla9 metapsy*ical ph5om5a by ! simple !ory ( ! spiriti/s1 ! gr[+ op9ion is t ^! app>itions & voices are purely halluc9atory & due to causes :i* are n extra-human4 ,z ,mr4 ,l[es ,dick9son p]t95tly rem>ks :5 speak+ ( ,conv]sions 9 8 article on ,revelations1 9 ! ,indep5d5t ,review3 ,! important "q is :e!r ! belief ( ! recipi5t 9 ! evid5tial value ( ! exp]i5ce is ju/ifi$2 & ,i ?9k t a little consid]ation w %[ t x is n s1 = x is noticeable t ! tru? suppos$ to be reveal$ 9 ! mom5t ( conv]sion is commonly1 if n inv>iably1 ! reflection ( ! doctr9e or !ory ) :i* ! subject1 :e!r or no he has accept$ x1 has hi!rto be5 mo/ famili>4 ,i h nev] he>d1 = example1 ( a case 9 :i* a ,mohamm$an or a ,h9doo1 )\t hav+ ev] he>d ( ,*ri/ianity1 has _h a revelation ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,conv]sion1 9 fact1 x w\ld seem1 is n ! communication ( a new tru?2 x is ! pres5tation ( ideas already famili> 9 su* a way t !y are accompani$ by an irresi/ible c]ta9ty t !y are true4444 ,a religi\s revelation _c be di/+ui%$ f :at w\ld be admitt$ to be ! halluc9ations ( disease4 ,a man may be conv9c$1 ) equal assurance1 t he is a poa*$ egg or a sa9t2 t he has a mission to assass9ate ! k+ or r$eem ! _w2 t he is et]nally damn$ or et]nally sav$2 t he has _h a vision ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y or a vision ( ,nirvana4 ,ano!r argum5t = consid]+ ! ,resurrection z an hi/orical fact is t br\ght =w>d by ! ,rev4 ,d4 ,s4 ,m>goli\?4 ,! le>n$ ,pr(essor argues 9 ! ,expositor t ! ,gospel n>rative is locat$ )9 hi/oric times4 ,s are ! n>ratives ( ,k+ ,ar?ur 7! ,celtic ,messiah71 or ,william ,tell1 or ,rob9 ,hood2 b hi/orians are sil5t ab\t all ^! n>ratives1 sacr$ & pr(ane alike4 ,!re 0 probably a real ,ar?ur1 h[ev] diff]5t f ! h]o ( ! tr\vres1 & a real ,rob9 ,hood1 h[ev] n[ enl>g$ & disguis$ by ! accretion ( leg5d4 ,simil>ly !re 0 a real ,jesus ,*ri/2 b ! m>vell\s ev5t ( ,8 resurrection is unrecord$ by any ( ! celebrat$ hi/orians ( ! p]iod4 ,! f9al argum5t is t ! ,resurrection is1 s to speak1 ( a piece ) ! :ole "* & ! claims ( ,*ri/4444 ,ev5 _h we no ,te/am5t at all1 we %\ld be oblig$ to po/ulate some?+ v mu* l ei!r ! ,resurrection or ! belief 9 ! ,resurrection 9 ord] to acc\nt = ,*ri/ianity4 ,no "o disputes1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 ?is necessity = ! ,resurrection1 if we are to rema9 ,*ri/ians2 b x is ( ! fact ( ! ,resurrection t un=tunate d\bt]s wi% to be assur$4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,ripon argues t ! miracul\s accessories connect$ ) ! bir? & resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/ f9d a place only 9 ! gr\p ( second>y witnesses1 & adds significantly3 ,our belief 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ mu/ be bas$ ^u moral conviction1 n ^u physical wond]4 ,! mean+ ( ?is1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 is cle> en\gh1 & ,i leave x = ! hone/-m9d$ read] to decide :e!r ?is is a satisfactory f\ndation = ! ,*ri/ian dogmas4 ,is ?is :at he 0 taught1 or :at 8 *ildr5 are n[ be+ taught8 ,w x suffice8 ,c he rema9 a ,*ri/ian8 ,w 8 *ildr51 :5 !y gr[ up & beg9 to ?9k = !mselves1 rema9 ,*ri/ians8 ,! ,dean ( ,we/m9/] writes to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury3 ,/ud5ts ( natural sci5ce f9d !mselves left ) ,/4 ,luke z ! /ronge/ hi/orical evid5ce )9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,n[1 ! au?or ( ,/4 ,luke is also ! au?or ( ! ,acts1 & 8 prop5sity = miracul\s decoration is by no means reassur+4 ,besides1 he 0 n an eye-witness4 ,!n1 too1 we h ,canon ,h5son1 9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal = ,april1 #aijd1 in=m+ u t ,any c&id ,*ri/ian read+ ?r\gh ! acc\nts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t evid5ces 444 _c escape ! inf]5ce t ! evid5ce = ! quasi-hi/orical /atem5ts ( ! ,cre$ is ( a highly complicat$1 dubi\s1 & ev5 contradictory "*4 ,he !n asks u3 ,is an hone/ belief 9 ! ,resurrection really inconsi/5t ) a rev]5t agno/icism z to ! hi/orical circum/ances out ( :i* 9 ! fir/ in/ance t belief arose8 ,! reply ( an ord9>y c&id layman is1 ,i ?9k1 suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,simil>ly1 ,abb ,loisy1 ! *ampion ( advanc$ !ology 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 consid]s ! ,resurrection to be a spiritual fact only1 & n a fact ( ! hi/orical ord]4 ,la ,rsurrection n'e/ pas proprem5t un fait d'ordre hi/orique4 ,! p[]ful article 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica also leads u to ! same conclusion4 ,^? :o believe 9 ! fact ( ! ,resurrection1 & h n ,canon ,h5son's rev]5t agno/icism conc]n+ ! ev5t1 mu/ believe also 9 all ! facts relat$ 9 connection ) x1 includ+ ! acc\nt ( ,jesus hav+ eat5 & hav+ be5 t\*$1 & ( 8 bodily asc5t up into ! cl\ds4 ,if any "o portion ( ! /ory be consid]$ incr$ible or untru/wor?y1 ! :ole collapses4 ,x may be useful1 !re=e1 to put to ourselves "s que/ions conc]n+ any "o ( ! _m m>vell\s accessories ( ! ,resurrection4 ,h[ few ( u h ev] _h our belief te/$ by se>*+ que/ions su* z a cultur$ hea!n w\ld put if we tri$ to conv]t him8 ,= in/ance1 :at w\ld y reply if y 7 ask$ by an intellig5t native ( ,india1 ,*9a1 or ,japan3 ,:o 7 ! sa9ts ( :om ,mat!w speaks z hav+ ris5 f _! graves8 ,to :om did !y appe>8 ,& h[ 0 x t _! graves 7 op5$ z ,jesus di$1 :ile _! bodies did n come out till aft] ,8 ,resurrection8 ,:at also became ( !m aft]w>ds8 ,to ?is ! only c&id reply possible w\ld be3 ,i am unable to give y any in=mation on ?is subject4 ,_! n appe>+ till aft] ,jesus rose f dea? w\ld seem to h be5 introduc$ s z n to give !m ! prec$5ce ov] ,him 9 ! ex]cise ( ! privilege ( resurrection4 ,he is said to be '! fir/ t %\ld rise f ! dead' 7,acts xxvi4 #bc71 '! fir/ fruits ( !m t slept' 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #bj71 '! fir/-born f ! dead' 7,col4 i4 #ah74 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld h>dly satisfy y\r que/ion]1 :o w\ld reply3 ,y\r inability to give me ?is in=mation excites my suspicions1 & y\r fur!r /atem5ts seem to me to be v clumsy4 ,to m>k & enhance ! dea? ( ! ,messiah1 nature is said to be convuls$1 & graves ?r[n op52 b ! exit ( ! sa9ts :o 7 to come out ( !m is re/ra9$ till ,he %\ld fir/ h made ,8 egress f ! tomb ?ree days lat]4 ,&1 aft] all1 ,he _h no su* prec$5ce 9 resurrection1 = sev]al p]sons are said to h be5 rais$ f ! dead by ! prophets ( old & by ,himself2 two pass$ into heav5 )\t ev] be+ 9 _! graves1 & "o ( !m--namely1 ,elias--appe>$ to ,him ) ,moses 9 ris5 life at ! "t ( ,8 transfiguration4 ,may ,i ask1 ,are ! di/urbances ( nature :i* are said to h occurr$ at ! crucifixion--namely1 ! pret]natural d>kness = ?ree h\rs & ! e>?quake--m5tion$ by hi/orians ( ! "t8 ,y w\ld h to confess1 ,!y are n4 ,?us y w\ld fail to conv]t y\r hea!n int]locutor1 ^: f9al fl+ at y w\ld be3 ,t seems to demon/rate t no?+ ( ! k9d c\ld really h occurr$4 ,moreov]1 _h !re be5 su* ph5om5a1 ! o!r evangeli/s w\ld n h fail$ to support _! position ) ^! div9e manife/ations4 ,,! ,,asc5sion4 ,if apologetics deal+ ) ! ,resurrection are unconv9c+1 /ill m s are ^? reg>d+ ! ,asc5sion4 ,!re is little or no attempt to expla9 ! meagr5ess ( ! ,gospel n>ratives1 h[ all m5tion ( x is omitt$ 9 ! ,gospels ( ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,john2 & "o vague s5t5ce is all we are giv5 9 ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,luke--s5t5ces :i*1 accord+ to ! ,high] ,critics1 7 nev] p5n$ by ^! p]sons4 ,9 ,! ,acts ! ,/4 ,luke writ] furni%es ! detail t a cl\d receiv$ him out ( _! sight1 & t1 z ,he w5t up1 behold1 two m5 /ood by !m 9 :ite app>el1 :i* also said1 ,ye m5 ( ,galilee1 :y /& ye gaz+ up into heav58 ,?is same ,jesus1 :i* is tak5 up f y into heav51 %all s come 9 l mann] z ye h se5 ,him g into heav54 ,9 ^! days asc5d+ up has no mean+ = u4 ,c&idly1 if ! writ] _h _h our a/ronomical k1 w\ld ^! words ev] h be5 writt58 ,c]ta9ly !y w\ld n4 ,!n is ! ,asc5sion a fact or is x n8 ,h[ is x possible t ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,john c\ld h rema9$ sil5t reg>d+ su* an ev5t if !y _h really witness$ x8 ,or grant+1 9 ! case ( ! writ] ( ,/4 ,john1 t he 0 n ,/4 ,john ! ,apo/le1 ?\gh he di/9ctly says he 01 x is /ill a/\nd+ t he %\ld h omitt$ to record su* important evid5ce ( ,*ri/'s div9ity1 if x 0 an accept$ fact at ! "t he wrote4 ,ar*deacon ,wilson1 9 a pap] read at ! ,diocesan ,conf]5ce at ,man*e/]1 ,octob] #bbnd1 #aijc1 asks3 ,:at d we mean 9 our ,cre$ :5 we say3 ',he came d[n f heav5'8 ,we expla9 away 'd[n1' we expla9 away 'heav5' 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w 0 orig9ally us$4 ,:at d we mean by 'desc5d$ into ,hell'8 by ',sitte? on ! "r h& ( ,god'8444 ,spiritual tru?s are spiritually disc]n$1 & d n admit ( f9al intellectual def9itions4 ,we c only av]t ! rejection ( !ology by recognis+ its limitations4 ,is x possible = ! bulk ( humanity1 ,i ask1 to possess ! requisite spiritual disc]nm5t8 ,is x n f> m likely t1 ) ! spread ( education1 !y w f9ally reject !ology8 ,! ,rev4 ,david ,smi?1 9 8 book1 ,! ,days ( ,8 ,fle%1 #dh dismisses ! ,asc5sion ) ! words3 ,:5 ,jesus p>t$ f ! elev5 on ,olivet1 ,he did n =sake ! e>? & migrate to a di/ant ,heav54 ,he ceas$ to manife/ ,himself2 b ,he is "h at ?is h\r no o!rwise ?an dur+ ^? =ty days4 ,"o c b wond] h[ ,asc5sion ,day is kept 9 ,mr4 ,smi?'s *ur*1 & h[ he br+s himself to repeat ! ,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,leav+ aside ! ?or\ghly unreliable nature ( ! ,bible acc\nts ( ! ,asc5sion1 consid] h[ easy x is = ! sup]/iti\s1 ?r\gh optical illusions or subjective visions 7or :atev] "n x may please ! neologi/ to give to ^! exp]i5ces71 to be hone/ly conv9c$ ( ! occurr5ce ( a sup]natural ev5t1 & to take c>e t x %\ld lose no?+ ( its m>vell\s "* 9 ! tell+4 ,only ! o!r day ! good p ( ,sudja saw a mighty iris-col\r$ cross appe> ov] ! ca!dral dur+ div9e s]vice1 & reg>d$ ! ph5om5on z a sign ( heav5's resolve to be/[ victory ^u ,*ri/ian ,russia4 ,?is miracle 0 witness$ by all ! notabilities ( ! city1 :o =w>d$ a description to ,g5]al ,kuropatk9 9 a docum5t duly atte/$ ) _! signatures4 ,= ! /up5d\s & absurdly impossible miracle ( ! ,asc5sion we h n ev5 got a satisfactory description1 mu* less an atte/$ docum5t4 ,is x n "t t we %\ld ask ourselves ! pla9 "q1 ,d we really believe t an extraord9>y levitation occurr$1 & t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 se5 to be ris+ 9 ! air until "s pass+ cl\ds conceal$ ,him f view8 ,if we d n s believe1 :y d we say we d :5 we repeat ! ,cre$8 ,:y d we pret5d we d :5 we sit 9 *ur* & li/5 to ! acc\nt ( ! ,asc5sion1 & p]haps to a s]mon on x8 ,:y d we all[ our fri5ds to ?9k t we d s believe8 ,:y is ,asc5sion ,day "o ( our ,holy ,days8 ,&1 f9ally1 :y d we tea*1 or all[ o!rs to tea*1 our *ildr5 :at we "k to be untrue8 ,surely ^! are s]i\s que/ions to ask ourselves4 ,,! ,,inc>nation4 ,!re rema9s ! miracle ( ! ,virg9-bir?4 ,t ?is is "u dispute among ,*ri/ian !ologians is notori\s1 & ! controv]sy has b s]v$ to %[ ) ev]-increas+ cle>ness h[ untru/wor?y is ! evid5ce = ?is miracle4 ,*ri/ian ,biblical exp]ts in=m u t x belongs to ! late/ /rata ( ! ,new ,te/am5t tradition1 & t no trace ( ! /ory c be f\nd be=e #abj ,a4,d4 ,9 o!r words1 t x is an obvi\s int]polation 9 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,luke4 ,adolf ,h>nack1 ! le>n$ ,pr(essor ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l91 is look$ ^u1 ev5 by ! or?odox1 z "o ( our greate/ liv+ ,biblical s*ol>s1 & we le>n f him t we mu/ disreg>d ! hi/ory ( ,jesus' bir? giv5 9 ^! two ,gospels2 = n only is x untru/wor?y1 b ! evangeli/s !mselves nev] ref] to x1 nor make ,jesus ,himself ref] to ,8 antec$5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y tell u t ,jesus' "m & ,8 bre?r5 7 completely surpris$ at ,8 com+ =w>d1 & did n "k :at to make ( x4 ,paul1 too1 is sil5t2 s t we c be sure t ! olde/ tradition knew no?+ ( any /ories ( ,jesus' bir?4 #di ,moral fitness appe>s to be ! only argum5t t we c fall back ^u1 & ?is is n[ ! apologi/s' la/ /ronghold4 ,if !y belong to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 !y %\ld rememb] t x 0 ?is id5tical l9e ( reason+ t gave rise to ! pi\s op9ion t ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ _h h]self be5 miracul\sly pres]v$ f all ta9t ( orig9al s9 f ! fir/ mom5t ( h] conception 9 ! womb ( h] "m4 ,z ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux vigor\sly argu$ 79 #aadj ,a4,d473 ,on ! same pr9ciple y w\ld be oblig$ to hold t ! conception ( h] ance/ors1 9 an asc5d+ l9e1 0 also a holy "o1 s9ce o!rwise %e w\ld n h desc5d$ f !m wor?ily4 ,yet1 9 spite ( ! absurdity1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception 0 =mally def9$1 z a dogma b9d+ on ! acceptance ( all ! fai?ful1 by ! bull ,ineffabilis ,deus 7,decemb] #h?1 #ahed74 ,c]ta9ly !re is a moral fitness 9 ! ,virg9-bir? ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & x is also fit t ,8 "m %\ld h be5 immaculately conceiv$2 & ^? :o hold to ! "o doctr9e may well hold to ! o!r4 ,"s apologi/s appe> almo/ 9 despair ( a cont9uance ( belief 9 ?is dogma4 ,! le>n$ ,dr4 ,s&ay says we ought to reg>d ! ,virg9-bir? z "o ( ^? hidd5 my/]ies :i*1 :e!r or n ,god wills t we %\ld believe !m n[1 ,he has1 at all ev5ts1 will$ t m5 %\ld believe 9 times pa/4 ,is n ?is tantam\nt to giv+ up belief 9 ! ,virg9-bir?8 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks4 ,because ,god once will$ t m5 %\ld h all k9ds ( absurd sup]/itions1 & n[ wills t !y %\ld ackn[l$ge _! absurdity1 are we1 z ,dr4 ,s&ay appe>s to recomm5d1 to keep up ! pret5ce ( believ+ 9 !m on ! gr\nd t !y are hidd5 my/]ies8 ,surely n2 b1 speak+ ( my/]ies1 !re is "o :i* ought to be cle>$1 or at lea/ receive a mu* full] inve/igation ?an x has yet receiv$ at ! h&s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i ref] to ! fact t1 ages be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 c]ta9 miracles 7 believ$ to h tak5 place1 & t ^! 7 ( precisely ! same nature z ^? record$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,= in/ance1 num]\s savi\rs 7 believ$ to h be5 born ( virg9s1 to h di$ = ! s9s ( mank9d1 to h ris5 aga9 f ! dead1 & to h asc5d$ into heav54 ,?us n only are ! ,bible miracles sci5tifically impossible2 n only are !y unsupport$ by any?+ approa*+ adequate evid5ce2 n only d ! speci\s explanations ( apologi/s s]ve b to confirm our scepticism conc]n+ !m2 b we f9d t !y are n ev5 orig9al--t !y =m "p ( anci5t sup]/itions4 ,t ^! fre% gr\nds = suspect+ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity are ( ! grave/ "* w be %[n 9 ! *apt] on ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 ,,bible ,,criticism ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,de/ructive ,,"* ,,( ,,mod]n ,,bible ,,criticism #a4 ,cla%+ ,views on ,bible ,criticism4 ,su*1 !n1 is an outl9e ( ! /ate ( apologetics on ! subject ( ,miracles 9 g5]al1 & ( ^? connect$ ) ! c5tral doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* 9 p>ticul>4 ,no?+ c\ld be m unsatisfactory1 no?+ m calculat$ to ar\se suspicion ( ! ,fai?2 & n[1 if we turn our att5tion to ! ,high] ,criticism1 & to ! apologetics x has call$ =?1 we %all f9d ^! suspicions /ill fur!r /r5g!n$4 ,on ! "o h& a consid]able proportion ( ^! criticisms are accept$ by ! m enlight5$ div9es1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ^? :o refuse to accept any ( !m urge t !y und]m9e ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,dean ( ,cant]bury1 ,dr4 ,wace1 is "o ( ! latt] class4 ,speak+ at a m5's s]vice 7at ,/4 ,m>y ,br$9's ,*ur*1 ,cant]bury1 on ,decemb] #d?1 #aijd71 he ju/ly twits ! critics = describ+ a consid]able "p ( ! ,bible1 & p>ticul>ly ! e>ly "p1 z n hi/orical1 :5 :at !y mean is t x is n true4 ,no subtle !ories are requir$ to support ,dr4 ,wace's belief 9 ,*ri/ianity1 = ev5 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis is1 9 8 op9ion1 a sub/antially accurate acc\nt ( t :i* happ5$ on e>? be=e !re 7 any m5 ^u x1 & is ! be/ pro( t ! ,bible proce$$ f ,god4 ,he rema9s among ! dw9dl+ numb] ( ^? :o1 9 ^! days ( ,*ri/ian /orm & /ress1 /ill cl+ to ! old ideas ab\t ! ,bible4 ,8 reasons = do+ s are app>5tly simil> to ^? giv5 by ,rog] 9 a little pamphlet entitl$ ,rog]'s ,reasons 7by ,john ,urquh>t71 :]e x is s\ght to reconcile ! ,bible & ,sci5ce at ! exp5se ( accuracy1 logic1 & common s5se4 ,= ! obscuranti/1 belief is made easy1 & ! apologies = ! ,fai? c be comp>atively /raight=w>d4 ,= ! enlight5$ ! conditions are rev]s$4 ,an example ( ! advanc$ views ( a ,*ur* ( ,engl& div9e1 & ( ! objections to ^! views ( a /rictly or?odox ,*ur*man1 may prove in/ructive4 ,review+ ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]'s book1 ,on ,holy ,scripture & ,criticism1 ! ,*ur* ,times 7( ,febru>y #aj?1 #aije7 p]t95tly obs]ves3 ,attacks ^u ! ,gospel n>ratives ( ! ,virg9 ,bir? & ! ,resurrection1 made ) su* p]si/5ce f )9 ! ,*ur*1 are ugly developm5ts :i* 7 n anticipat$ 9 #ahij4 ,yet1 /range to say1 !re is no recognition ( ! new situation 9 ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]'s book4 ,?is sil5ce reg>d+ po9ts especially requir+ explanation is1 ,i fe>1 a common feature 9 religi\s apologetics4 ,look aga9 at ! review]'s next rem>k3 ,! ,bi%op =gets t ! tru? ( ! message is intimately connect$ ) ! au!nticity ( ! record1 & a critical !ory :i* assails ! "o assails ! o!r4 ,"h1 !n1 we h an elem5t>y tru? frankly recognis$2 &1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 x means t1 if ! ,bi%op's criticisms be true1 ,*ri/ianity is untrue4 ,ent]+ into m detail1 ! writ] goes on to say3 ,= example1 ! ,bible record ( ! ,fall & ! tru? ( our ,"l's 'aton+ dea? on ! ,cross' are closely connect$ ) ea* o!r4 ,mod]n criticism disc>ds ! =m] z a my?1 & indications ab\nd on e side t ! d5ial ( ! ,fall leads to a d5ial ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,x is n too mu* to say t ! new me?od ( int]pret+ ! ,bible has help$ to ov]?r[ belief 9 ,*ri/ z a ,div9e ,r$eem]4 ,8 r$emptive "w & m$iatorial (fice h be5 ?ru/ into ! backgr\nd4 ,! situation c\ld n be put m lucidly4 ,!re is no hair-splitt+ or gloz+ "h4 ,! review] *>act]ises ?is sil5ce on crucial po9ts z grave omissions1 & he might h add$ t su* omissions are calculat$ to ar\se suspicions ( ! ,fai?4 ,he cont9ues3 ,aga9 ! ,bi%op says3-- ,?9k ( ! use made ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures by ! ,apo/les 9 ! ,acts1 or by ,/4 ,paul 9 8 ,epi/les4 ,x is ev] ! spiritual & moral lesson4 ,x is by no means 'ev]' ! spiritual & moral lesson only4 ,bo? 9 ! ,book ( ! ,acts & ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les ! hi/orical & pr$ictive portions ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures are con/antly appeal$ to1 & us$ z ! basis ( argum5t4 ,! sugge/ion t ! ,apo/les atta*$ little importance to ! latt] is f> f be+ borne out by ! evid5ce4 ,"o ( ! *ief ?+s 9 :i* !y diff] f writ]s ( ! mod]n s*ool is _! use ( ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory & pr$iction4 ,comp>e ! place :i* prophecy occupies 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans ) ! place x holds 9 ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]'s book1 :]e no m ?an sixte5 l9es 9 #ahg pages are allott$ to x4 ,ea* ( ! ,synoptic ,gospels describes ! sc5e at ! ,transfiguration1 :5 ,moses & ,elias talk$ ) our ,"l 9 ! sight ( ?ree ( ,8 disciples4 ,/4 ,luke m5tions t !y talk$ ab\t ,8 approa*+ dea?4 ,9 ! face ( t n>rative1 ^? :o say t our ,"l knew no m ( ,moses ?an any ,jew ( ! p]iod are b\nd to expla9 h[ !y reconcile ! /atem5t ) ! ,evangeli/s' acc\nt ( ! ,transfiguration4 ,no ,jewi% scribe ( ! fir/ c5tury a4d4 c\ld pret5d to h se5 or conv]s$ ) ei!r ,elijah or ,moses4 ,bi%op ,ryle says ( our ,"l3-- ,9 ,8 incid5tal ref]5ces to ,moses1 ,he adopts ! language ( ! ,scribes4444 ,he nev] display$ k ( facts :i* c\ld n be possess$ by ^? ( 8 own "t4444 ,to ,8 intellectual p[]s 9 ,8 humanity !re seem to h be5 assign$ ! natural b>ri]s ( ! "t 9 :i* he liv$4 ,! ,bi%op does n p]ceive app>5tly t ^! argum5ts cut bo? ways1 s t !y tell aga9/ our ,"l's claim to =ekn[ ! future q z mu* z aga9/ ,8 k ( ! pa/4 ,& we are entitl$ to ask h[ !y c possibly be made to agree ) ! express te/imony ( ! ,evangeli/s t ,moses & ,elijah 7 se5 9 ,*ri/'s company1 & 'spake ( ! decease :i* ,he %\ld accompli% at ,j]usalem4' ,i h quot$ ^! apposite rem>ks at l5g? because !y w come ) m =ce f ! m\? ( an or?odox believ] ?an f anyone 9 d\bt l myself4 ,"o _c help wond]+ :at ! ,bi%op c\ld h to urge 9 reply2 = ! gr\nd is cut f "u him by 8 own acceptance ( s mu* ( mod]n criticism4 ,z he is a high dignit>y ( ! ,*ur*1 x is all ! m puzzl+4 ,ref]r+ to ! rem>ks conc]n+ ,moses1 x may be m5tion$ t1 accord+ to ! critics1 ,moses is n a hi/orical p]sonage4 #ej ,:e!r ! ,bi%op accepts ?is or n x is difficult to say2 b app>5tly he does1 f 8 desire to expla9 t1 9 ,8 ref]5ces to ,moses1 ,*ri/ adopts ! language ( ! ,scribes4 ,dr4 ,driv]'s new book on ,g5esis has also call$ =? "s adv]se criticisms f ! less advanc$4 ,= example1 ,dr4 ,lock1 ! ,w>d5 ( ,keble1 enum]ates sev]al consid]ations 9 support ( ! g5]al tru/wor?9ess ( ! patri>*al n>ratives1 & obs]ves t ! fact ( inspiration1 once admitt$ on ! high] level ( a moral & spiritual tone1 may well c>ry its influ5ce ov] into details ( fact1 & turn ! balance :5 o!rwise unc]ta94 ,p]sonally1 ,i v mu* d\bt :e!r ! g5]al public1 once in=m$ ( ! tru?1 w ev] be induc$ to look at facts ?r\gh ,dr4 ,lock's spiritual spectacles4 ,dr4 ,driv]1 x %\ld be add$1 in=ms u t ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 & ,joseph 7 presumably mono!i/s1 ?\gh _! mono!ism is rudim5t>y1 & ! t]ms 9 :i* !y express !mselves sugge/ mu* rip] spiritual capacities & exp]i5ces1 be+1 9 "s cases1 borr[$ evid5tly f ! phraseology ( a mu* lat] age4 ,c we dep5d ^u su* n>rators to furni% u ) true hi/ory8 ,comm5t+ on ,dr4 ,driv]'s impossible int]pretations ( ! words1 x %all bruise ?y head1 & ( ! /ory ( ! ,fall1 8 review] 9 ! ,*ur* ,times asks3 ,0 x1 or 0 x n1 a promise made by ,god8 ,?is is ! pla9 "q :i* ,dr4 ,driv]'s read]s are =c$ to ask4 ,sceptical tru?seek]s1 also1 are ask+ ! same "q4 ,:5 w !y receive a /raight answ]8 #b4 ,a ,summ>y ( ! ,results ( ,bible ,criticism4 ,! g5]al public "k little or no?+ ( ! results ( ,bible criticism4 ,:y %\ld !y8 ,n only d !y deem x a dull subject1 b ^? :o att5d *ur* are be+ in=m$ f ! pulpit t ! ,gospels h be5 batt]$ by ye>s ( criticism1 b h come out ( x /rong] ?an ev]4 #ea ,x is easy en\gh to make /atem5ts ( ?is k9d1 &1 d\btless1 !y s]ve tempor>ily to quiet ! fe>s ( a congregation :o "k v little ( ! subject1 & are only too glad to believe :at !y are told s au?oritatively2 b1 un=tunately1 su* /atem5ts are1 to put x mildly1 mislead+4 ,! ord9>y man is w(ully ignorant ( ! ,high] ,criticism4 ,8 ideas ( ,bible difficulties are mo/ly conf9$ to common s5se4 ,he kn[s1 p]haps1 t sc(f]s ( ! ,london p>ks free?9k+ type gibe at ,holy ,writ1 & he may himself h made fun ( "s passages t appe> absurd2 b "h 8 k ( ,bible criticism ceases4 ,he is n aw>e t ! critics are a body ( ! mo/ erudite exp]ts 9 !ology1 ^: only motive = (f]+ _! op9ion is to give to ! _w ! result ( _! ardu\s rese>*--! motives1 9 fact1 ( a ,bruno1 a ,d>w91 or a ,pa/eur4 ,9 view ( ?is widespread ignorance1 ,i propose to enum]ate briefly a few ( ! results ( mod]n criticism1 &1 9 giv+ ^! results1 ,i %all omit ^? aris+ f a /udy ( comp>ative my?ology & ( evolution1 z ,i h devot$ sep>ate *apt]s to t purpose4 ,a "w has be5 issu$ lately :i* sums up ! conclusions ( ,bible criticism--high]1 #eb l[] or textual1 & hi/orical4 ,x is call$ ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica4 ,its f\r massive volumes set =? ! new views1 & support !m by a mass ( le>n+ :i* des]ves our s]i\s consid]ation4 #ec ,space p]mits ( my giv+ only a few notes ( its conclusions1 & b meagre details ( ! weal? ( evid5ce 9 support ( !m4 ,! ,creation ,/ory a ,my?4--,! /ory ( ! ,creation z giv5 9 ,g5esis orig9at$ 9 a /ock ( primitive my?s common to ! ,semitic races4 ,its co9cid5ces ) ! ,babylonian my? are s num]\s t x is impossible to d\bt ! exi/5ce ( a real hi/orical connection betwe5 !m4 ,_m indications %[ t n till aft] ! ,exile 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 did ! /ory take its pres5t %ape4 ,! ,patri>*s ,unhi/orical ,figures4--,!n1 aga91 all ! /ories ( ! ,patri>*s are leg5d>y2 !y may conta9 "s tru?1 ?\gh h[ mu* w probably nev] be kn[n2 to suppose !m entirely true is to ?r[ hi/orical criticism altoge!r ov]bo>d4 ,dr4 ,pet]s is ! ,episcopal rector ( a l>ge p>i% 9 ,new ,york1 :o has done good s]vice 9 ! pa/1 bo? z ,pr(essor ( ,biblical ,lit]ature 9 ! ,episcopal ,sem9>y at ,philadelphia & z ! fir/ lead] ( ! exp$ition to ,babylonia s5t out 9 #ahhh by ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,he has lately writt5 a book call$ ,! ,e>ly ,hebrew ,/ory3 ,its ,hi/orical ,backgr\nd4 ,canon ,*eyne1 review+ ?is book 9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal = ,janu>y1 #aije1 rem>ks3 ,x w be grant$ t ,dr4 ,pet]s's view ( ! orig9ation ( ! /ories ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 &1 to "s ext5t1 ( ,joseph1 9 my?s1 leg5ds1 & traditions ( sanctu>ies1 is a s\nd "o4 ,book ( ,g5esis ,leg5d>y4--,! book ( ,g5esis is a composite n>rative bas$ on old] records long s9ce lo/4 ,x appe>s to h be5 compil$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury b4c41 & to h be5 add$ to aga9 lat]4 ,! /ory ( ! ,deluge is a ,hebrew v]sion ( ! ,babylonian epic4 ,book ( ,exodus ,leg5d>y4--,! book ( ,exodus1 too1 is ano!r composite leg5d :i* has long be5 mi/ak5 = hi/ory4 ,sob] hi/ory gives no w>rant = suppos+ t ! signs & wond]s wr\ght by ,moses ev] occurr$1 t ! fir/-born ( ,egypt 7 ev] sla91 or t ,ph>aoh 0 ev] dr[n$ 9 ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,moses a ,leg5d>y ,"*4--,! hi/orical "* ( ,moses has n be5 e/abli%$1 & x is d\btful :e!r ! "n is t ( an individual or t ( a clan4 ,! alleg$ orig9 ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts is purely leg5d>y2 x is probable t !y 7 fram$ n e>li] ?an ! "t ( ,amos4 ,x is admitt$ ev5 by cons]vative critics t ! orig9al wor%ip ( ! ,israelites 0 n ( an e?ical "*4 ,"o ( ! fir/ suspicions t ev] cross$ my m9d 0 ) reg>d to ! sudd5 & complete disappe>ance ( ! two tables ( te/imony1 tables ( /one writt5 ) ! f+] ( ,god4 #ed ,lat] on1 :5 ,i knew ( ! ,moabite /one #ee & ! ,rosetta /one1 #ef & especially :5 ,i le>nt t !re 7 inscriptions on bricks & cyl9d]s ( a f> e>li] date ?an t ascrib$ to ! giv+ ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! old p]plexity return$ ) add$ =ce4 ,i rememb]1 too1 ! same feel+ ( dissatisfaction & suspicion z ,i gaz$ on ! cle>ly-cut ,pali inscriptions 9 ! ,buddhi/ caves ne> ,poona1 & ?\ght ( ^? lo/ tables said to h be5 inscrib$ by ! f+] ( ,god4 ,i once put ! "q to a well-read cl]ical fri5d ( m9e3 ,h[ c ^! tables1 writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god or by ,8 direct inspiration1 h be5 lo/8 ,h[ is x t !y h simply disappe>$ )\t a ^w ( explanatory comm5t 9 ! ,bible8 ,x is inconceivably /range4 ,:at a witness w\ld !y n h be5 to ! tru? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t acc\nt1 & to ! ,div9e au?ority = ! ,comm&m5ts6 ,8 reply 03 ,x w\ld nev] h done = ^! /ones to h be5 pres]v$1 = !y w\ld h become objects ( wor%ip4 ,grant$ t !y might h become objects ( adoration1 :i* is worse--to wor%ip fak$ relics su* z ! wat] 9 :i* ,joseph ( ,arima!a wa%$ ! blood-/a9$ body ( ,jesus1 portions ( wood f ! true ,cross1 bits f ! cr[n ( ?orns1 & ?\s&s ( odd pieces ( bone f ! anatomy ( ! ,sa9ts2 or to v5]ate /ones t w\ld at lea/ h _h ! m]it ( be+ g5u9e8 ,:y are we left )\t any reliable evid5ces ( ,god's miracul\s revelation ( ,himself to m51 :ile we h abundant evid5ce = occurr5ces ( trifl+ importance to mank9d t happ5$ ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e ! alleg$ revelation8 ,hammurabi 7a ,babylonian mon>* :o fl\ri%$ two ?\s& ye>s or m be=e ! ,*ri/ian era7 inscrib$ a v excell5t1 if some:at dra/ic1 code ( laws ^u a pill> ( black diorite1 & we h n[ got ! /one & read ! inscriptions2 b ! /one inscrib$ by ,god is lo/6 ,! ,book ( ,deut]onomy4--,evid5ce ( e k9d concurs to prove t 9 its orig9al =m x 0 a product ( ! sev5?1 n ( ! fifte5?1 c5tury ,b4,c4 ,9 its pres5t =m1 ,deut]onomy is a composite & consid]ably modifi$ v]sion ( ! old] "w4 ,orig9ally x may h consi/$ m]ely ( ! long spee* attribut$ to ,moses1 & ?is may h be5 ! book :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! temple 9 ! reign ( ,josiah1 ! re/ ( ! "w be+ add$ %ortly aft]w>ds4 ,z x is difficult to believe t su* a "w w\ld h rema9$ 9 ! temple undiscov]$ = eight hundr$ ye>s1 is x n reasonable to conclude t ! book 0 plac$ !re by m5 :o ?\ght ! "t ripe = religi\s re=ms--9 fact1 t a pi\s fraud 0 p]petrat$8 ,! ,psalms a ,composite ,book4--,! fond delusion t all ! ,psalms 7 writt5 by ,david 7?\gh :y we %\ld be anxi\s to ascribe :at is really ( mu* e?ical value to a p]son confess$ly immoral ,i nev] c\ld und]/&7 has be5 entirely dispell$4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ,david wrote any ( ! ,psalms4 ,poetry & ,prophetic ,lit]ature4--,! book ( ,job is n a lit]>y unity1 nor 0 x writt5 ) any p>ticul> purpose2 x is n a manufacture1 b a gr[?4 ,jonah is a ,jewi% midra%1 or tradition1 l ! hi/ories ( ,tobit & ,susanna1 & 0 c]ta9ly writt5 aft] ! ,exile4 ,ev5 or?odox cl]gym5 n[ admit 79 private7 t ! ,jonah /ory is a fairy tale4 ,! great book ( ,isaiah is ! "w ( sev]al au?ors4 ,! book ( ,daniel 0 once assum$ to be ! mo/ def9itely prophetical ( ! ,old ,te/am5t writ+s--a notion :i* is s]i\sly disc\nt$ by ! discov]y t x 0 beyond "q writt5 9 ! "t ( ,antio*us ,epiphanes1 aft] or dur+ ! happ5+ ( ! ev5ts :i* 7 suppos$ to be =etold1 & ne>ly #ejj ye>s aft] ! "t ( its suppos$ au?or4 ,x is que/ionable :e!r su* a p]son z ,daniel ev] exi/$2 b x is c]ta9 t 8 adv5ture 9 ! d5 ( lions1 & t ( ,%adra*1 ,me%a*1 & ,ab$-nego 9 ! fi]y furnace1 are z fabul\s z any 9 ! collection ( sop4 ,z a rule1 says ,canon ,*eyne1 ! prophets directly connect ! f9al re/oration ) ! removal ( ! s9s ( _! own age1 & ) ! accompli%m5t ( su* a "w ( judgm5t z lies )9 _! own horizon2 to ,isaiah ! la/ tr\bles are ^? ( ! ,assyrian invasion2 to ,j]emiah ! re/oration foll[s on ! exile to ,babylon2 ,daniel connects ! future glory ) ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,greek mon>*y4 #eg ,ref]r+ to non-,*ri/ian p>allels to ! belief 9 a ,messiah1 ,canon ,*eyne draws special att5tion to a ,babylonian p>allel1 & concludes t x is hi/orically v conceivable t a ,babylonian belief may be ! real p>5t bo? ( ?is & ( all o!r ,messianic beliefs )9 ! sph]e ( ,babylonian influ5ce4 #eh ,! mann] 9 :i* ^! s-call$ prophets c be look$ ^u z =etell+ is expla9$ else:]e #ei z foll[s3 ,! prophets 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 be+ inspir$ to int]pret human ne$s1 became unconsci\s prophets ( ! ,*ri/4444 ,x is q true t prophecy expla9$ 9 ?is way is no long] available = ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity to ! same ext5t t x once 0--at any rate1 = ! conv9c+ ( unbeliev]s4 ,new ,te/am5t ,*ronology4--,we d n "k exactly :5 or :]e #fj ,jesus 0 born1 :5 ,he di$1 or h[ long ,he m9i/]$4 ,z to ! bir? ( ,jesus1 ! only acc\nt :i* claims to give indications ( date re/s on a s]ies ( mi/akes4 ,no c5sus 0 possible "u ,h]od1 & none took place "u ,cyr5ius until ,a4,d4 #g4 ,! only results :i* h a high degree ( probability are ! date ,a4,d4 #cj = ! dea? ( ,jesus1 & ! p]iod ( ab\t "o ye>--cons]vative op9ion e/imates x to be ?ree ye>s--= ! l5g? ( ,8 public m9i/ry4 ,! ,virg9 ,bir?4--,! ,gospels !mselves af=d ! ample/ ju/ification = a criticism ( _! n>ratives4 ,jesus ,himself made no appeal to ,8 suppos$ miracul\s bir?4 ,! only two v]ses 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,luke :i* cle>ly express ! idea ( a sup]natural bir? s di/urb ! connection t we are impell$ to reg>d !m z an int]polation4 ,x is ,joseph1 & n ,m>y1 ^: desc5t is trac$ f ! son ( ,jesse4 ,! g5ealogy ( ,joseph1 giv5 9 ! fir/ ,gospel1 is prior 9 date to ! /ory ( ! ,virg9 ,bir?1 & c\ld h be5 drawn up only :ile he 0 reg>d$ z ! real fa!r ( ,jesus4 ,also ,/4 ,paul's /atem5t t ,jesus 0 born ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle% _c be reconcil$ ) ! acc\nt ( 8 hav+ be5 born ( a virg94 ,!re is no record$ adoration ( ! ,virg9 by ,/4 ,paul1 or1 = ! matt] ( t1 by any ( ! ,apo/les or disciples4 ,apologi/s po9t out t among ! ,jews1 g5]ally1 ! notion ( sup]natural bir? did n atta* to _! conception ( ! ,messiah4 ,?is is true2 b 9 ! s*ool ( ?\ght ( :i* ,philo 0 head !re 7 traditions t e *ild ( promise 0 born ( a virg94 ,n[ ,philo1 ! ,hell5i/ic ,jewi% philosoph] ( ,alex&ria1 0 a contempor>y ( ,*ri/1 & ! influ5ce ( 8 s*ool is n disput$4 ,speak+ ( him 9 ! article on ,alex&ria 9 8 ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 ,dr4 ,smi? says3 ,x is impossible n to feel ! important (fice :i* ! my/ic philosophy1 ( :i* ,philo is ! repres5tative1 fulfill$ 9 prep>+ = ! appreh5sion ( ! highe/ ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,9 ! next *apt] we %all see t ?is my/ic philosophy sprang f a hea!n s\rce1 & t = ! :ole bir? & *ildhood /ory ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 9 its e detail1 x is possible to trace a pagan sub/ratum4 ,jesus4--,pr(essor ,a4 ,b4 ,bruce1 #fa writ] ( ! article on ,jesus1 po9ts out t1 :ile ! ,gospels may be reg>d$ z1 9 ! ma91 a tru/wor?y tradition1 !y are unreliable 9 _m ( _! details4 ,^? details turn out to be ! all-important ones1 = he goes on to %[ t3 ,! ,temptation is a symbolic repres5tation ( a spiritual exp]i5ce2 ! /ory ( ! ,crucifixion is n pure tru?1 b tru? mix$ ) d\btful leg5d2 ! night trial1 ! mock+1 ! incid5t ( ,b>abbas1 ! two ?ieves1 & ! pret]natural concomitants ( ! dea? are picturesque accessories ( d\btful au!nticity2 ,*ri/'s conceptions ( ,messiah%ip 7 greatly influ5c$ by ! lat] ,isaiah2 :ile ,8 spiritual intuitions are pure tru? valid = all ages1 ,8 language conc]n+ ! ,fa!r %[s limitation ( vision2 ,8 acts ( heal+ are consid]$ to be real1 ?\gh x does n foll[ t !y 7 miracul\s4 ,ref]r+ to ! /range /atem5t t ,jesus decl9$ to exp\nd ,8 p>ables to ! p1 le/ !y %\ld be conv]t$1 we are assur$ t x is n cr$ible t ,jesus w\ld ei!r *]i% or av[ su* an inhuman int5tion1 ?\gh x is possible t 9 ,8 disappo9tm5t ,he may h express$ ,himself 9 su* a way z to be misund]/ood4 ,?is is all v well2 b1 if ?is be grant$1 we are naturally anxi\s to "k 9 h[ _m m matt]s ,jesus may n h be5 misund]/ood4 ,:at is ! use ( a revelation :i* c be misund]/ood 9 ?is way8 ,:at c be ! motive ( ! ,omnipot5t ,reveal] 9 all[+ ,himself to be misund]/ood8 ,7 n ,8 he>]s :o misund]/ood ,him ,8 own select$ expositors8 ,we ev5 f9d suspicion ?r[n on ! suppos$ e>ly belief 9 ! div9ity ( ,jesus4 ,= ! writ] po9ts out t1 :ile 9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,luke ,jesus is call$ ! ,"l ab\t a doz5 times1 ! e>li] ,gospels ( ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,m>k ref] to ,him simply z ,jesus--a fact :i* seems to indicate ! gradual evolution ( ! belief 9 ,8 div9ity4 ,! conclusions ( ,pr(essor ,s*mi$el1 ,d4,d41 ( ,zri*1 "o ( ! writ]s ( ! article on ! ,gospels1 are /ill m de/ructive4 ,he admits #fb t 8 criticisms may h sometimes rais$ a d\bt :e!r any cr$ible elem5ts 7 to be f\nd 9 ! ,gospels at all1 & t !re are only n9e passages :i* might be call$ ! f\ndation-pill>s = a truly sci5tific life ( ,jesus4 ,he admits also ! meagr5ess ( ! hi/orical te/imony reg>d+ ,jesus1 z well 9 canonical writ+s outside ( ! ,gospels z 9 pr(ane writ]s su* z ,josephus1 ,tacitus1 ,suetonius1 & ,pl9y4 ,! ,resurrection4--,! all-important subject ( ! ,resurrection is treat$ by ,pr(essor ,s*mi$el1 :o tells u t ! ,gospel acc\nts exhibit contradictions ( ! mo/ gl>+ k9d4 ,! actuality ( ! ,resurrection dep5ds = its e/abli%m5t ^u ^! v n>ratives1 & 9 su* a case unimpea*able witnesses are naturally dem&$4 ,su* witnesses d n exi/4 ,! reality ( ! appe>ances has ev] be5 9 dispute4 ,! acc\nt ( ! wat* at ! sepul*re & ! seal+ ( ! tomb is n[ giv5 up z unhi/orical ev5 by ^? :o accept ! /ory z a :ole4 ,! /atem5ts z to ! empty tomb are to be reject$4 #fc ,! sil5ce ( ,/4 ,paul ) reg>d to ^! details is unacc\ntable1 if ! /ory ( ! ,resurrection be true4 ,= him no?+ less ?an ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity re/$ on ! actuality ( ! ,resurrection ( ,jesus4 ,dur+ 8 visit to ,j]usalem he _h _h opportunities ( acquir+ k relat+ to x1 & x may naturally be assum$ t1 :5 endeav\r+ to prove to ! ,cor9?ians ! tru? ( ! ,resurrection1 he w\ld /ate fully & cle>ly all t he knew ab\t x4 ,x is admitt$ on all h&s t ! appe>ance record$ by him 0 9 ! nature ( a vision--a purely subjective exp]i5ce4 ,& x is well kn[n t ,/4 ,paul uses ! same ,greek ^w to describe bo? ! appe>ance to himself & ! appe>ances to ! orig9al disciples1 !reby imply+ ! possibility t ! latt] also 7 ( a vision>y or subjective "*4 ,an apologetic t5d5cy is p]ceptible 9 ! ,gospel acc\nt1 & ?is may help to expla9 ! rise ( unhi/orical elem5ts4 ,x is probable t1 9 ! abs5ce ( k1 conjectures 7 freely made1 & _m que/ions ask$1 ! replies to :i* 7 aft]w>ds assum$ to be facts4 ,! ,gospels4--,! article on ! ,gospels by ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,abbott #fd & ,pr(essor ,s*mi$el is cr[d$ ) damag+ criticism4 ,! view hi!rto curr5t t ! f\r ,gospels 7 writt5 by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 & appe>$ ?irty or =ty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus1 c1 x is /at$1 no long] be ma9ta9$4 ,! f\r ,gospels 7 compil$ f e>li] mat]ials :i* h p]i%$1 & ! dates :5 !y fir/ appe>$ 9 _! pres5t =m are giv5 z foll[s3--,m>k1 c]ta9ly aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem 9 ! ye> #gj #fe2 ,mat!w1 ab\t #aai ,a4,d42 ,luke1 betwe5 #ajj & #aaj2 & ,john1 betwe5 #acb & #adj4 ,b1 ev5 if we accept m cons]vative op9ions :i* place ! e>lie/ ,gospel ab\t #fe ,a4,d41 t w\ld n1 ( c\rse1 make any mat]ial diff]5ce1 nor affect ! conclusions ( criticism z to _! cont5ts4 ,"s ( _! /atem5ts ( fact are q errone\s1 & ! data are (t5 9 direct contradiction to "o ano!r4 ,! evangeli/s made x cle> t !y wrote ) a lack ( conc]n = hi/orical precision4 ,! imp]fection ( ! ,gospel acc\nts is ev]y:]e manife/4 ,ev5 if ,8 m9i/ry la/$ only a few mon?s1 ,he mu/ h said a ?\s&fold m1 & repeat$ ,8 say+s ) _m v>iations4 ,! text mu/ n be tak5 z a tru/wor?y guide to ,8 orig9al mean+4 ,x m]ely %[s u :at ! evangeli/s or _! pr$ecessors believ$ him to mean4 ,! situations 9 :i* ! words ( ,jesus are said to h be5 spok5 _c be implicitly accept$4 ,bo? ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,m>k seem to h read into ! utt]ances ( ,jesus details borr[$ f subsequ5t facts or controv]sies4 ,! hi/orical value ( ! ?ird ,gospel is l[]$ by evid5ce ( ! writ]'s errors & misund]/&+s4 ,x has be5 widely assum$ t x 0 writt5 by ! physician ,luke1 & t ,luke 0 a companion ( ,paul4 ,?is view ( its ,paul9e "*1 h[ev]1 c n[ be ma9ta9$ only 9 a v limit$ s5se4 ,x is cle> t ! ?ird ,gospel & ! ,acts are by ! same au?or1 b t au?or 0 n ,luke4 ,9 ! f\r? ,gospel we f9d m ambiguities ?an 9 all ! o!r ?ree toge!r4 ,! /ory ( ! rais+ ( ,laz>us _c be consid]$ hi/orical4 ,! common-s5se view ( ! ,synoptic omission ( ! rais+ ( ,laz>us is t e>li] au?ors omitt$ ! tradition because !y did n accept x1 & probably _h nev] he>d ( x4 ,is1 !n1 ! record ( ! rais+ ( ,laz>us a fiction8 asks ,dr4 ,abbott4 ,n a fiction1 = x is a developm5t4 ,b x is non-hi/orical1 l ! hi/ory ( ! ,creation 9 ,g5esis1 & l ! records ( ! o!r miracles 9 ! f\r? ,gospel1 all ( :i* are poetic developm5ts4 #ff ,la/ly1 we are pla9ly w>n$ t x is va9 to look to ! ,*ur* fa!rs = tru/wor?y in=mation on ! subject ( ! orig9 ( ! ,gospels4 #fg ,?is is an exce$+ly grave admission :5 we rememb] t ^! same untru/wor?y fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* did ! "w ( sift+ ! :eat f ! *aff--settl+ :at 0 & :at 0 n canonical4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ^! g5]al conclusions1 :i* are support$ by evid5ce t has satisfi$ num]\s ,*ri/ian s*ol>s1 entirely d away ) ! idea t ! ,gospels are cr$ible & tru/wor?y n>ratives4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4--,! sections ( ?is book 9 :i* ! n>rative is writt5 9 ! fir/ p]son plural 7says ,pr(essor ,s*mi$el7 c be implicitly accept$2 b x is equally c]ta9 t !y are n by ! same h& z ! re/ ( ! book4 ,ap>t f ! we sections1 no /atem5t m]its imm$iate acceptance on ! m]e gr\nd ( its pres5ce 9 ! book4 ,! spee*es are con/ruct$ by ! au?or 9 accordance ) 8 own conceptions4 ,?is book does n come f a companion ( ,/4 ,paul2 its date may be set d[n z betwe5 ,a4,d4 #aje & #acj4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul4--,! g5u95ess ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les does n appe> to be s cle> z 0 once univ]sally suppos$4 ,advanc$ criticism1 ,pr(essor van ,man5 #fh tells u1 9 8 elaborate article on ,paul1 has le>n$ to recognise t none ( ^! ,epi/les is by him1 n ev5 ! f\r g5]ally reg>d$ z unassailable4 ,van ,man5's position1 h[ev]1 is exceptional4 ,9 ! article on ,epi/ol>y ,lit]ature ! ,epi/le to ,philemon & ! ,epi/les to ! ,philippians1 ,!ssalonians1 ,galatians1 ,colossians1 ,ephesians1 & ev5 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 are recognis$ z real lett]s writt5 by ,/4 ,paul4 ,! g5u95ess ( f\r ( ! ,epi/les is1 9 any case1 g5]ally accept$4 ,z ^! include ! fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 ?is conclusion is ( ! greate/ importance4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,london is cont5t to re/ 8 case1 = n be+ intellectually a%am$ ( ! docum5t>y evid5ce1 on ! f\r undisput$ ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul4 #fi ,! ,apocalypse4--,criticism has cle>ly %[n t ! ,book ( ,revelation c no long] be reg>d$ z a lit]>y unit1 b is an admixture ( ,jewi% ) ,*ri/ian ideas & speculations4 ,anci5t te/imony1 t ( ,papias 9 p>ticul>1 assum$ ! ,presbyt] ,john1 & n ! ,apo/le1 to be its au?or4 ,?is completes a summ>y ( conclusions1 arriv$ at by em95t ,*ri/ian s*ol>s ( ! m advanc$ s*ool4 ,?\gh !y1 or ! majority ( !m1 w\ld be ! la/ to make any su* admission1 ! net result am\nts practically to a surr5d] ( ! ,*ri/ian dogmas4 #c4 ,by ,:om ! ,high] ,criticism is ,accept$4 ,^! criticisms are1 ,i repeat1 ! "w n ( anti-,*ri/ians1 b ( ,*ri/ians1 :o h devot$ !mselves to ,biblical rese>*1 & :o are among ! greate/ liv+ exp]ts 9 t sph]e ( k4 ,canon ,*eyne1 "o ( ! two editors ( ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica1 has n[ writt5 a volume on ,bible ,problems & ! ,new ,mat]ial = _! ,solution1 9 :i* he appeals to ,*ur*m5 & s*ol>s & all :o are int]e/$ 9 ,bible criticism = ?or\ghness ( inve/igation4 ,!re c be no d\bt t !re is a cry+ ne$ = ?is ?or\gh inve/igation1 :i* at pres5t is be+ %irk$4 ,:ile ! ma9 results arriv$ at by ! ,high] ,criticism are1 x is true1 l>gely accept$ by enlight5$ div9es1 ! usual policy s f> has be5 n to dissem9ate su* k4 ,on ?is ,i %all h m to say 9 ! conclud+ *apt] ( ?is book4 ,dr4 ,h>nack 9 ,g]many1 & ,m4 ,loisy 9 ,france1 may be cit$ z types ( lib]al !ologians :o proclaim _! acceptance ( ! ,high] ,criticism4 ,!y bo? deta* ,*ri/ianity f m]e n>rative1 & seek to appreciate x z a spiritual reality1 :i* appeals to ! imag9ation1 ! emotions1 & ! s\l4 ,dr4 ,h>nack is ! ,pr(essor ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l91 & memb] ( ! ,royal ,prussian ,academy1 & a book call$ ,:at is ,*ri/ianity8 is an ,engli% translation ( sixte5 lectures deliv]$ by him 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l91 #ahii-aijj4 ,9 ?is book ! ef=t to prove t ! ,gospels ?\gh unhi/orical are yet hi/orical1 t ,*ri/ianity ?\gh untrue is yet true1 is /rongly 9 evid5ce to any imp>tial read]4 ,take 8 rem>k on ! ,miracul\s ,elem5t 9 ,lecture ,,ii42 we f9d ! same k9d ( speci\s argum5t on :i* ,i h already animadv]t$ 9 ! *apt] on ,miracles4 ,he says3 ,miracles1 x is true1 d n happ52 b ( ! m>vell\s & ! inexplicable !re is no lack--t ! e>? 9 its c\rse /ood /ill1 t a %e-ass spoke1 t a /orm 0 quiet$ by a ^w1 #gj we d n believe1 & we %all nev] aga9 believe2 b t ! lame walk$1 ! bl9d saw1 & ! deaf he>d1 w n be s summ>ily dismiss$ z an illusion4 ,:y8 ,because1 aft] all1 ^! may h be5 accompli%$ by ! op]ation ( a natural law ) :i* we are z yet unacqua9t$6 ,al?\gh ! ord] ( ,nature be inviolable1 we are n yet by any means acqua9t$ ) all ! =ces work+ 9 x & act+ reciprocally ) o!r =ces4 ,our acqua9tance ev5 ) ! =ces inh]5t 9 matt]1 & ) ! field ( _! action1 is incomplete2 :ile ( psy*ic =ces we "k v mu* less4 ,he gives ! :ole situation away1 h[ev]1 by mak+ excuses = ! ,evangeli/s1 su* z we "k t ! ,gospels come f a "t 9 :i* ! m>vell\s may be said to h be5 some?+ ( almo/ daily occurr5ce1 & we n[ "k t em95t p]sons h n to wait until !y h be5 long dead1 or ev5 = sev]al ye>s1 to h miracles report$ ( !m2 !y are report$ at once1 (t5 ! v next day4 ,aga91 speak+ ( ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels1 he says3 ,^! ,gospels are n1 x is true1 hi/orical works any m ?an ! f\r?2 !y 7 n writt5 ) ! simple object ( giv+ ! facts z !y 72 !y 7 books compos$ = ! "w ( evangelisation4 ,su* reason+ s]ves only to confirm "o's suspicions4 ,"h is ! un$ify+ spectacle ( an erudite s*ol> us+ 8 intellectual p[]s to make out a case = a ,fai? built ^u f\ndations :i* he has himself de/roy$4 ,we d n wi% to be told t !re is a sub/ratum ( tru? 9 ! ,gospel n>ratives4 ,! ord9>y man feels /rongly t ! :ole %\ld be true if x be ,god's ,^w4 ,t ?is is1 & always w be1 ! common-s5se view ( mank9d is prov$ by ! fact t x is held by ! va/ majority ( ! /rictly or?odox1 z well z by e ,agno/ic & e cultur$ hea!n4 ,m4 ,loisy writes 9 mu* ! same /ra9 z ,dr4 ,h>nack1 & f9ds adh]5ts 9 bo? ,engli% & ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*es1 z may be se5 f ! correspond5ce 9 ! ,*ur* ,times dur+ ,april1 #aijd4 ,9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal 7,janu>y1 #aije7 an ,ox=d%ire rector1 ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,%ebbe>e1 pres5ts ! same aspect ( lib]al !ology by means ( v>i\s illu/rations4 ,he rem>ks3 ,x is evid5t t ! lesson taught by our new tea*]s mu/ h an important be>+ ^u popul> religi\s conceptions & ^u religi\s practice4 ,its *ief effect w be to deliv] u f ! error ( id5tify+ religion ) belief 9 ! sup]natural--an error ( :i* x is n difficult to see ! p]nici\s consequ5ces 7italics are m9e74 ,?is is all v well = ^? :o c dive/ ! ,*ri/ian religion ( its sup]natural elem5t1 & yet rema9 hone/ believ]s4 ,to my m9d1 ?is is simply non-,*ri/ian ,!ism1 & ! ,!i/ic ,*ur*1 ,swall[ ,/reet1 is ! place :]e su* p]sons %\ld p]=m _! devotions4 ,i crave ! read]'s pati5ce :ile ,i give "o m example ( advanc$ apologetics4 ,! ,rev4 ,ar?ur ,moorh\se1 ,m4,a41 ,b4,d41 ,tutor 9 ,old ,te/am5t ,languages & ,lit]ature at ,didsbury ,college1 (f]s1 9 a lecture #ga deliv]$ at ,man*e/] on ,! ,inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 an unhesitat+ & emphatic d5ial to ! /atem5t t !re is any untru? 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,yet he tells u t ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis are n hi/orical 9 our mod]n & sci5tific s5se1 & asks u to rememb] t1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 x c\ld n be hi/ory1 = x deals ) facts :i* are1 ( necessity1 prehi/oric6 ,su* pitiful %ifts & evasions seem to _m ( u :olly unwor?y ( e>ne/ m54 ,our fa!rs1 says ,mr4 ,moorh\se1 may h ?\ght t ?is 0 hi/ory miracul\sly dictat$1 b ! ,bible does n say s4 ,no1 & ! ,bible does n say t x is speak+ ! tru?1 b our fa!rs 7 simple-m9d$ en\gh to =get t su* a gu>antee 0 necess>y on ! "p ( a book :i* !y1 l ,mr4 ,moorh\se1 believ$ to be ! inspir$ ,^w ( ,god4 #d4 ,admissions by ,or?odox ,apologi/s4 ,i _c conclude ?is review ( ,bible criticism )\t an allusion to ! op9ions ( ^? !ologians :o agree ) ! ,high] ,critics to an ext5t f> exce$+ any?+ ! pi\s layman suspects4 ,i %all omit1 z be+ too advanc$1 ! views ( ,dr4 ,driv]1 giv5 9 8 ,g5esis1 or ( ,canon ,h5son1 z express$ 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review & 9 8 book1 ,! ,value ( ! ,bible & ,o!r ,s]mons1 or ( ,ar*deacon ,wilson1 %[n 9 8 v>i\s int]e/+ books & pamphlets2 & w conf9e myself to comp>atively cons]vative !ology4 ,i select1 z repres5tative ( ?is type1 ,! ,div9e ,libr>y ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 by ,dr4 ,a4 ,f4 ,kirkpatrick 7,ma/] ( ,selwyn ,college1 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 & ,canon ( ,ely ,ca!dral71 & ,! ,/udy ( ! ,gospels1 be+ a ,h&book = ! ,cl]gy1 by ,dr4 ,j4 ,armitage ,rob9son 7,dean ( ,we/m9/]74 ,9 ! =m]1 :i* is among ! books select$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,evid5ce ,society = _! ,exam9ation 9 ,m>*1 #aijg1 we read3 ,! lectures d n attempt to deal ) _m ( ! grav] que/ions :i* are be+ rais$ z to ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,b x is j ! m difficult que/ions1 su* z ^? exam9$ ) su* de/ructive effect by ! ,high] ,criticism1 :i* specially require to be answ]$4 ,:y are !y neglect$8 ,! au?or goes on to confess t ! books 7 con/ruct$ out ( e>li] n>ratives2 "s 7 =m$ by ! union ( previ\s collections ( poetry or prophecies2 "s betray m>ks ( a revis]'s h&2 & ev5 books :i* be> ! names ( well-kn[n au?ors 9 "s cases conta9 matt] :i* mu/ be attribut$ to o!r writ]s4 ,also we f9d ! foll[+ significant admissions4 ,ref]r+ to ! important la/ tw5ty-sev5 *apt]s ( ,isaiah1 he accepts ,dr4 ,driv]'s criticisms1 & says3 ,i d n see h[ we c resi/ ! conclusion t ^! *apt]s 7 n writt5 by ,isaiah1 b by an unkn[n prophet t[>ds ! close ( ! ,babylonian ,exile2 & he owns t x w inevitably seem to _m /ud5ts ( ! ,bible t1 9 assign+ ! prophecy to a date s ne> to ! ev5ts :i* x =etells1 we are detract+ f its truly pr$ictive "* & dim9i%+ its value4 ,h[ev]1 he consid]s t ,isaiah is great en\gh to %>e 8 glory ) ?is disciple1 9 :om1 be+ dead1 he yet spoke2 &1 p>adox z x may seem1 ! truly prophetic "* ( ! "w ga9s by be+ ref]r$ to ! "t ( ! ,exile4 ,by :at process ( reason+ he arrives at ?is a/oni%+ conclusion x is exce$+ly difficult to compreh5d4 ,fur!r admissions by ,dr4 ,kirkpatrick mu/ be notic$ m briefly4 ,!y are3 ,! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis is n1 z we n[ "k1 a sci5tifically exact acc\nt ( ,creation4 ,! acc\nt ( ! ,fall is1 x may be1 an allegory r ?an a hi/ory 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m4 ,! ,deluge 0 n univ]sal 9 ! s5se t ! wat]s cov]$ ! :ole surface ( ! entire globe4 ,! ,psalms1 l ! ,prov]bs1 h a long lit]>y hi/ory4 ,!y are poems by diff]5t au?ors1 & ,david may be "o ( !m4 ,mod]n criticism claims1 & claims ) ju/ice1 t ! ,hexateu*1 l s _m ( ! o!r books1 is composite 9 its orig91 & has a long lit]>y hi/ory4 ,t ! ,p5tateu* 0 entirely writt5 by ,moses is m]ely a ,jewi% tradition1 :i* pass$ into ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* & 0 commonly accept$ until mod]n times4 ,yet h[ mu* hangs ^u ! tru/wor?9ess ( ?is same ,jewi% tradition1 & h[ mu* else may n ! ,*ur* h wrongfully accept$8 ,"s ( ! v>iations ( ! ,,lxx4 #gb f ! ,hebrew text are due1 no d\bt1 to errors & int]polations & delib]ate alt]ations2 b aft] all all[ance has be5 made = ^!1 ,i d n see h[ any c&id critic c resi/ ! conclusion t _m ( !m repres5t v>iations exi/+ 9 ! ,hebrew text f :i* ! translation 0 made4 ,x 0 probably at ! v beg9n+ ( ?is p]iod f ! ,fall ( ,j]usalem to ! end ( ! fif? c5tury1 t[>ds ! close ( ! fir/ c5tury a4d41 t ! f9al settlem5t ( an au?oritative text took place4444 ,h[ came x t all ! copies conta9+ o!r read+s h disappe>$8444 ,copies diff]+ f x ! /&>d text w\ld die out or be delib]ately de/roy$4 ,! olde/ ,hebrew ,,ms4 9 exi/5ce ( :i* ! date is kn[n 0 writt5 9 #iaf ,a4,d4--i4e41 sep>at$ by m ?an a ?\s& ye>s f ! late/ ( ! works includ$ 9 ! ,canon4 ,f9ally1 ! foll[+ crucial que/ions are (f]$ 7pp4 #hh-i7 & left unansw]$3 ,9 :at s5se1 x is ask$1 c ?is legislation1 :i* is n[ said to be ,mosaic 9 elem5tal g]m & idea only1 & to repres5t n ! inspir$ deliv]ance ( a supremely great individual1 b ! pa9ful ef=ts ( _m g5]ations ( law-mak]s2 ^! hi/ories :i* h be5 compil$ f primitive traditions1 & *ronicles1 & annals1 & :at n2 ^! books ( prophecy :i* are n ! au!ntic autographs ( ! prophets1 b po/hum\s collections ( su* writ+s 7if any7 z !y left beh9d !m1 ek$ out by ! recollections ( _! disciples2 ^! ,prov]bs & ,psalms :i* h be5 h&$ d[n by tradition & alt]$ & edit$ & re-edit$2 ^! hi/ories :i* conta9 errors ( date & fact1 & h be51 p]haps1 'idealis$' by ! reflection ( ! circum/ances & ideas ( ! writ]'s own times ^u a di/ant pa/2 ^! seem+ n>ratives :i* may be allegories2 & ^! w\ld-be prophecies :i* may be hi/ories2 9 :at s5se c ^! be said to be inspir$8 ,! problems rais$ are grave4 ,my own ?\ghts1 & ! ?\ghts ( _m l myself1 are "h c&idly express$4 ,i h no?+ to add1 & c only e*o ?is le>n$ div9e's solemn words--! problems rais$ are grave6 ,turn+ n[ to ! ,/udy ( ! ,gospels1 we le>n f ,dr4 ,rob9son z foll[s3 ,!re is no pro( t ,/4 ,mat!w is ! au?or ( ! fir/ ,gospel4 ,he is unable to fix ! date himself1 b quotes ,dr4 ,h>nack1 :o says probably #gj-ge1 & :o also adds ! important res]vation1 except c]ta9 lat] additions4 ,/4 ,m>k's au?or%ip1 he ?9ks1 is practically c]ta91 & ! ye> #fe is ! probable date4 ,x is1 he says1 exce$+ly probable t ,/4 ,pet] w\ld n write or prea*1 ev5 if he c\ld speak at all1 9 any language b 8 "m tongue1 ! ,aramaic ( ,galilee1 a local dialect ak9 to ,hebrew4 ,:5 he wrote or prea*$ to ,greek-speak+ p1 he w\ld use ,m>k or "s o!r disciple z 8 int]pret]4 ,:at1 !n1 may ,i ask1 _h become ( ! gifts at ,p5teco/8 ,/4 ,luke is1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,rob9son1 ! fell[-travell] ( ,/4 ,paul1 & ! date ( 8 ,gospel %ortly aft] #gj4 ,reg>d+ ,/4 ,john's1 we are in=m$ t ,dr4 ,h>nack fixes ! date betwe5 #hj & #aaj1 & ?9ks t x 0 writt5 by ano!r p]son ( ! same "n--,john ! presbyt]1 or eld]1 ( ,ephesus4 ,dr4 ,rob9son1 h[ev]1 9 a *apt] he devotes to ! subject ( ! f\r? ,gospel1 attempts to %[ its apo/olic au?or%ip4 ,dr4 ,rob9son admits t ! au?or%ip ( all f\r ,gospels is d\btful1 b ?9ks t1 reg>d+ ! second ,gospel1 we may accept ! second-c5tury tradition t x 0 writt5 by ,/4 ,m>k1 & t ,/4 ,m>k 0 ! int]pret] ( ,/4 ,pet] & wrote ! ,gospel 9 ,rome f in=mation d]iv$ f t ,apo/le4 ,v good2 let u accept ?is conclusion4 ,we h x1 !n1 t "o ( ! ,gospels is f ! m\? ( an eye-witness4 ,?is eye-witness1 h[ev]1 01 aft] all1 an eye-witness ( only "o ye> 7or1 accord+ to cons]vative criticism1 ?ree ye>s7 ( ,*ri/'s life2 he 0 an illit]ate p]son1 & ! in=mation he imp>t$ aft] ?irty or =ty ye>s _h to be writt5 d[n by ano!r p]son 9 ano!r language1 & !re is no tell+ h[ fai?ful or unfai?ful ! translation may h be54 ,besides1 z ,dr4 ,rob9son po9ts out 9 8 *apt]s on ,! ,great ,s]mon & ,! ,non-,m>can ,docum5t1 !re are v important omissions 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel4 ,ref]r+ to a suppos$ s\rce = ! in=mation furni%$ by o!r evangeli/s1 b omitt$ by ,/4 ,m>k1 he says3 ,y may ga9 "s g5]al idea ( ! scope ( ?is docum5t 7! ,non-,m>can #gc7 by und]l9+ 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel all ^? portions :i* are to be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,mat!w1 b are n to be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,m>k4 ,n[1 :at are ^! omissions 9 ,/4 ,m>k8 ,are !y trivial8 ,let u judge = ourselves by tak+ a few selections4 ,!re is no m5tion :atev] ( ! /ory ( ,*ri/'s miracul\s bir?1 nor ( ! o!r incid5ts ( ,8 *ildhood :i* are said to be 9 fulfilm5t ( prophecy1 & !re is no m5tion ( ! great ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,! /ory ( ! ,resurrection is told 9 a few s5t5ces1 & ! ,asc5sion 9 "o s5t5ce4 ,un=tunately1 too1 ^! v s5t5ces are admitt$ly int]polations1 & ,/4 ,m>k really ends at xvi4 #h4 #gd ,s !re is no acc\nt ( ei!r ! ,inc>nation1 ,resurrection1 or ,asc5sion1 & we are left ) oral traditions1 lo/ docum5ts1 & unkn[n copyi/s1 z ! only s\rce f :i* to obta9 any detail$ in=mation conc]n+ ! v gr\ndwork ( our ,cre$6 ,c\ld any?+ be m unsatisfactory1 m calculat$ to ar\se suspicion ( ! ,*ri/ian ,v]ities--! ,gospel tru?s8 ,i am completely at a loss to und]/& h[ ! ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/] #ge c say t ! ,high] ,criticism has be5 a ga9 to ! ,*ur*1 or ! ,bi%op ( ,london#a t ! ,new ,te/am5t /&s t5 times z /rong z x did fifty ye>s ago4 ,x w\ld seem to be a case ( :]e ignorance is bliss1 etc41 or else ( ! wi% be+ fa!r to ! ?\ght4 ,!re is mu* m t ,i %\ld wi% to call att5tion to1 did space p]mit1 b ,i h n[1 ,i ?9k1 giv5 "s insight into mod]n ,bible criticism1 & ! ext5t to :i* x is accept$ by ,*ri/ians4 ,x only rema9s1 9 conclusion1 to ask = e>ne/ ?\ght on ?is new aspect ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,9 do+ s ! foll[+ additional consid]ations may be borne 9 m9d4 #e4 ,"s ,rema9+ ,difficulties4 ,,we ,,mu/ ,,accept ,,! ,,:ole ,,or ,,reject ,,! ,,:ole4 ,! or?odox & traditional view ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is pres]v$ 9 ! unrepeal$ ,blasphemy ,act1 #i & #aj1 ,william ,,iii41 cap4 #cb1 :i* enacts t any p]son :o %all d5y ! ,holy ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t to be ( div9e au?ority %all be incapable ( hold+ any public (fice or employm5t1 & %all1 on a second conviction1 also suff] imprisonm5t = a space ( ?ree ye>s4 ,! ,vatican ,c\ncil ( #ahgj1 speak+ "u ! inspiration ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 decl>$ t ! books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t h ,god = _! au?or1 &1 z su*1 h be5 deliv]$ to ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,c\ncil1 !re=e1 orda9$ t ! man %\ld be ana!ma :o refus$ to receive1 = sacr$ & canonical1 ! books ( ! ,holy ,scripture 9 _! integrity1 ) all _! p>ts4 ,dr4 ,bayley express$ ! op9ion ( 8 day :5 he wrote #gf3 ,! ,bible _c be less ?an v]bally inspir$4 ,e ^w1 e syllable1 e lett]1 is j :at x w\ld be _h ,god spok5 f heav5 )\t any human int]v5tion4 ,e sci5tific /atem5t is infallibly correct2 all its hi/ory & n>ratives ( e k9d are )\t any inaccuracy4 ,li/51 aga91 to ! words ( a well-kn[n div9e ( our own ,*ur*1 spok5 b ye/]day3 ,! :ole ( ! tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is bas$ ^u ! supposition t ,god made a cov5ant ) ,abraham4 #gg ,y h our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ build+ ,8 :ole life on ! ,scriptures1 & submitt+ to dea? 9 ob$i5ce to !m4 #gh ,?is is ! /rictly or?odox op9ion1 & x is consi/5t ) ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,yet1 = obvi\s reasons1 ! ,old ,te/am5t is n[ reg>d$ z an incubus by an increas+ numb] ( e>ne/ ,*ri/ians4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t !re are _m cruel say+s attribut$ to ,jesus4 ,only ! few are to be sav$ f ! et]nal torm5ts ( ! damn$ 7,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #aj-ac1 xxii4 #ad1 xxv4 #da2 ,/4 ,m>k iv4 #aa-ab1 xvi4 #af1 etc474 ,happily1 ow+ to ! rise ( ,rationalism & ! consequ5t subjection ( ! ,bible to criticism1 ! dogma ( et]nal torm5t is disput$ on all sides1 & ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ w soon no long] be =c$ ^u u4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! *os5 few is s cle>ly ,*ri/'s tea*+1 & furni%es su* a conv5i5t explanation = ! attitude ( ! _m1 t x is commonly adh]$ to2 b lib]al !ologians no long] hold t he t believe? n %all be damn$1 or t ! puni%m5t ( ! s9n] is to be excruciat+ torture = all et]nity4 ,unbeliev]s & s9n]s may all ultimately be sav$1 or at ! wor/ _! exi/5ce w end ) ?is life4 ,good1 v good2 su* views appeal to u z be+ m humane & rational2 b are !y compatible ) ! tru? ( ! ,bible8 ,m>k ! words ( ! late ,bi%op ( ,man*e/]3 ,! v f\ndation ( our ,fai?1 ! v basis ( our hopes1 are tak5 f u :5 "o l9e ( t sacr$ volume1 on :i* we base ev]y?+1 is decl>$ to be untru?ful & untru/wor?y4 ,?us x is t !re are _m :o w\ld /ill reta9 ! inhuman doctr9es ascrib$ to ! ,ma/]4 ,fe>ful ( los+ ! basis ( _! hopes1 & unconsci\s1 app>5tly1 ( _! sublime egoism1 !y reason1 & reason ) logic3 ,we mu/ accept ! :ole or reject ! :ole4 ,,sil5ce ,,( ,,hi/orians4 ,t ! ,bible %\ld be op5 to criticism at all seems to me inconceivable if x really be ,god's gift to mank9d4 ,h[ c\ld ,god1 hav+ det]m9$ aft] ons ( "t to make a def9ite revelation ( ,himself to ,8 human creatures1 p]mit ! acc\nt ( ?is revelation to be h&$ d[n 9 su* a haphaz>d fa%ion t future g5]ations _c be sure t !y possess a reliable record8 ,?is1 too1 :5 a tru/wor?y record 0 ! m ess5tial on acc\nt ( ! miracul\s nature ( ! n>rative4 ,z ,pr(essor ,s*mi$el rem>ks1 ! meagr5ess ( ! hi/orical te/imony reg>d+ ,jesus1 :e!r 9 canonical writ+s outside ( ! ,gospels or 9 pr(ane writ]s su* z ,josephus1 ,tacitus1 ,suetonius1 & ,pl9y1 is mo/ pron\nc$4 ,n a s+le passage c be produc$ f ! writ+s ( ! great hi/orians & philosoph]s :o fl\ri%$ betwe5 ,a4,d4 #dj & ,a4,d4 #adj :i* makes ! slighte/ allusion to ! a/\nd+ ph5om5a connect$ ) ! bir?1 resurrection1 & asc5sion ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,x 0 at "o "t claim$ t ,josephus spoke ( ,jesus4 ,t ?is has be5 giv5 up by !ologians may be v]ifi$ by a ref]5ce to ,canon ,f>r>'s ,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 i41 p4 #fc 7& p4 #ca ( ! *eap edition71 :]e we read t ,! s+le passage 9 :i* he 7,josephus7 alludes to ,him is int]polat$1 if n :olly spuri\s4 ,!re is also a disput$ passage #gi 9 ,tacitus1 :]e he speaks ( ,*ri/ians hav+ _! d5om9ation f ,*ri/us1 :o1 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius1 0 put to dea? z a crim9al by ! procurator1 ,pontius ,pilate4 ,& t is all6 ,c\ld any?+ be m disappo9t+ ?an ?is mu/ be to ?\ghtful ,*ri/ians :o wi% to e/abli% ! hi/orical accuracy ( ! miracul\s /ory ( ,god's life on e>?8 ,eusebius 7,a4,d4 #cae-cdj71 ! celebrat$ ecclesia/ical hi/orian1 is app>5tly r$uc$ to appeal+ to a ,pagan oracle = a pro( ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 = he says to ! hea!n3 ,b ?\ at lea/ li/5 to ?9e own gods1 to ?y oracul> deities !mselves1 :o h borne witness1 & ascrib$ to our ,savi\r 7,jesus ,*ri/7 n impo/ure1 b piety & wisdom1 & asc5t into heav54 ,! sil5ce ( secul> hi/orians is acc\nt$ =1 by c]ta9 div9es1 by fall+ back on a !ory ( ho/ility or contempt4 ,?us ,dean ,f>r> ?9ks t ,josephus's sil5ce on ! subject ( ,jesus & ,*ri/ianity 0 z delib]ate z x 0 di%one/ 7see 8 ,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 i41 p4 #fc74 ,except t ?is (f]s a mu*-ne$$ explanation1 ,i am n cognisant ( any reason = suspect+ ! fam\s secul> hi/orian1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ! untru/wor?9ess ( ! ,*ri/ian hi/orians is notori\s4 ,eusebius1 = example1 ! grave/ ( ! ecclesia/ical hi/orians1 confesses1 ) comm5dable frankness3 ,we h decid$ to relate no?+ conc]n+ !m ! e>ly ,*ri/ians except ! ?+s 9 :i* we c v9dicate ! div9e judgm5t4 #hj ,) reg>d to ! prodigy ( ! d>kness1 etc41 t occurr$ at ! dea? ( ,jesus1 ,gibbon in=ms u z foll[s3 ,x happ5$ dur+ ! lifetime ( ,s5eca & ! eld] ,pl9y1 :o mu/ h exp]i5c$ ! imm$iate effects1 or receiv$ ! e>lie/ intellig5ce ( ! prodigy4 ,ea* ( ^! philosoph]s1 9 a labori\s "w1 has record$ all ! great ph5om5a ( ,nature--e>?quakes1 meteors1 comets1 & eclipses--:i* 8 indefatigable curiosity c\ld collect4 ,b ! "o & ! o!r has omitt$ to m5tion ! greate/ ph5om5on to :i* ! mortal eye has be5 witness s9ce ! creation ( ! globe4 #ha ,any attempt to expla9 ?is away by suppos+ t ! d>kness ( ?ree h\rs 0 local only detracts f ! magnitude ( ! miracle1 :i* 0 int5d$1 by its v magnitude1 to be "o ( ! pro(s ( ! dea? ( a ,god4 ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,tradition ,,z ,,god',s ,,me?od ,,= ,,! ,,transmission ,,( ,,tru? ,,to ,,po/]ity4 ,h y ev]1 9 ! days ( y\r e>ly y\?1 play$ ! game ( gossip8 ,x is an amus+ game1 & also po9ts a moral4 ,a numb] ( p]sons put !mselves 9 a long r[1 & ! fir/ w ?9k ( "s little incid5t1 :i* he w c>efully :isp] to 8 neighb\r1 :o w !n pass x on1 & s on1 & s on1 till x rea*es ! la/ p]son1 :o w proce$ to repeat out l\d ! /ory he has he>d4 ,! orig9al /ory w !n be divulg$1 & mu* amusem5t is caus$ by ! diff]5ces t are f\nd betwe5 ! two /ories4 ,?is illu/ration ( :at occurs 9 gossip came back to my m9d ) mu* misgiv+ :5 ,i fir/ he>d h[ ! /ory ( my ,savi\r's life on e>? 0 h&$ d[n = a long p]iod by tradition4 ,app>5tly1 ,*ri/ian !ologians look q complac5tly1 & )\t any misgiv+1 ^u ?is process = ! transmission ( ! ,*ri/ian v]ities2 b1 = myself1 :e!r x 7 a c5tury1 or :e!r x 7 only a matt] ( ?irty or =ty ye>s1 be=e ! f9al committal to writ+1 x 0 a he>tr5d+ discov]y1 & all my confid5ce 9 ! tru? ( ! ,bible /ory 0 %ak54 ,my dismay 0 n dim9i%$ :5 ,i le>nt also t x 0 extremely d\btful :e!r ! au?ors 7 eye-witnesses ( ! ev5ts1 or especially inspir$ by ,god = _! task2 also1 t !re _h be5 subsequ5t int]polations by equally unkn[n & un9spir$ writ]s1 :o1 to speak pla9ly1 7 no?+ m nor less ?an =g]s1 actuat$1 possibly1 by pi\s motives4 ,t ! writ]s ( ! ,gospels 7 v\*saf$ any unusual facilities ?r\gh ! indwell+ ( ! ,holy ,_s is discr$it$ by ! rem>ks ( ! apologi/s !mselves4 ,?us1 ,dr4 ,rob9son1 9 8 book already ref]r$ to1 alludes to ,/4 ,pet]'s illit]acy1 ,/4 ,m>k's poor lit]>y atta9m5ts1 & ! limitations to :i* all ! evangeli/s 9 anci5t times 7 subject$4 ,we f9d ourselves ask+ ! que/ions1 ,did n ,god "k t a "t w\ld come :5 we %\ld discov] t nature's laws 7 n ( ! fragile or ela/ic "* :i* our =efa!rs _h suppos$8 ,did ,he n "k t we %\ld !re=e require absolute pro( be=e we c\ld believe t !y _h be5 brok5 9 a bygone & cr$ul\s age8 ,in/ead ( ?is1 ! only pro(s af=d$ u are copies ( docum5ts concoct$ f he>say--we are n sure :5 or by :om--& f "t to "t fraudul5tly manipulat$ by int]e/$ ?\gh pi\s =g]s4 ,did ,he1 9 ,8 ,omnisci5ce1 purposely all[ ev5ts to take _! c\rse1 & int5d ! /ory ( ,8 ,son's life ^u e>? to be h&$ d[n to u by ! same unsatisfactory process z t ( _m ano!r anci5t tradition n[ kn[n to be hi/orically wor?less8 ,if ev] special int]f]5ce ) ! c\rse ( nature 7 necess>y1 surely x w\ld be "h--a miracle to prove ! miracle on :i* our hopes are /ak$4 ,or1 if ?is be ask+ too mu*1 if x be argu$ t x is no long] ,god's pleasure to break ! laws :i* ,he has made1 & t ,he n[ accompli%es ,8 purposes by means ( ^! laws only1 h[ comes x t1 = ! safegu>d+ ( ?is great tru?1 ! mo/ ord9>y precautions h be5 neglect$8 ,we are (t5 ask$ to consid] ! ye>n+s ( man z a pro( t ! ?+ ye>n$ = is a reality4 ,8 ye>n+s1 !re=e1 are n a negligible quantity4 ,d n1 !n1 ! ye>n+s ( millions ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic & ,greek ,*ur*es = miracul\s pro(s ( ,god's resid5ce once ^u e>? c\nt = some?+8 ,are n all ! miracul\s relics & wond]-work+ ikons a pro( t man feels t ,god's revelation ought to be assur$ to u by ! cont9uance ( miracles8 ,9 our own ,*ur*1 ,holman ,hunt's pa9t+ ( ,! ,light ( ! ,_w is be+ s5t r\nd our colonies1 to /r5g!n p's belief 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:y1 oh :y1 h we n ! real picture ( our ,savi\r1 br++ our ,god ne>] to u1 & enabl+ u to focus our ?\ghts on ,him8 ,i once m5tion$ my feel+ on ?is subject to a cl]gyman1 a doctor ( div9ity1 well v]s$ 9 ,*ur* hi/ory4 ,he repli$ by sugge/+ t !re 0 a tradition :i* indicat$ t ! true lik5ess ( our ,"l _h be5 miracul\sly transmitt$1 & t f ?is ! great ,italian pa9t]s _h caught _! inspiration4 #hb ,x seems h>dly necess>y to h rec\rse to ! sup]natural :5 !re 7 natural s\rces available 9 ! %ape ( repres5tations ( pagan gods4 ,?us ,m]cury1 attir$ z a %eph]d1 ) a lamb ^u 8 %\ld]s1 0 no infrequ5t object 9 anci5t art1 & ?is has1 9 "s cases1 l$ to a difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 ,m]cury & ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,simil>ly we "k t ! pictures & sculptures :]e9 ,isis is repres5t$ 9 ! act ( suckl+ h] *ild ,horus =m$ ! f\ndation = ! ,*ri/ian figures & pa9t+s ( ! ,madonna & *ild4 ,,! ,,alleg$ ,,s9lessness ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,x may be urg$ t we h1 :at is ( f> m importance1 ! picture ( ,8 "*4 ,h we8 ,! absolute s9lessness ( ,*ri/ is "o ( ! *ief pro(s held out to u ( ,8 div9ity4 ,x is describ$ z be+ 9 itself a miracle s great t x furni%es u ) suffici5t gr\nds = belief 9 o!r miracles4 ,_m pi\s & le>n$ !i/s feel t ! "* ( ,*ri/ z portray$ 9 ! ,gospels betrays imp]fections4 ,b let ?is pass4 ,:at d we "k ( ,8 life8 ,let u assume t 9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,m>k we are put 9 possession ( ! impressions ( an eye-witness4 ,/4 ,pet]'s p]sonal k ( ! private life ( ,jesus 0 conf9$ to 8 recollections conc]n+ a belov$ ,ma/] dur+ ! p]iod ( ,8 public m9i/ry4 ,& t m9i/ry ext5d$ ov] "o ye>1 or at mo/ ?ree ye>s4 ,h n ! disciples ( great tea*]s 9 ! pa/ inv>iably extoll$ ! p]fections ( _! ma/]s8 ,h !y ev] dwelt ^u _! imp]fections8 ,has n ! picture h&$ d[n by tradition1 & aft]w>ds committ$ to writ+1 (t5 be5 t ( a p]fect man8 ,t ! writ]s ( ! ,gospels recognis$ ! ne$ = ,*ri/ to appe> s9less1 & adopt$ que/ionable me?ods = _! purpose1 is only too evid5t4 ,dr4 ,rob9son expla9s #hc ! disappe>ance f ! o!r ,gospels ( ,/4 ,m>k's ref]5ces to ang]1 grief1 groan+1 vehem5ce1 etc41 z be+ ! result ( a k9d ( rev]5ce :i* belong$ to a slightly lat] /age ( reflection1 :5 c]ta9 traits might ev5 seem d]ogatory to ! dignity ( ! sacr$ "*4 ,comm5t is sup]flu\s4 ,,! ,,ignorance ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,!re is ano!r difficulty ( belief 9 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 :i* x is all ! m ess5tial to br+ into prom95ce because x usually receives b scant notice f ! pulpit4 ,i ref] to ! ignorance ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 a review ( ,le ,ralisme ,*rti5 et l',idalisme ,grec1 p> ,l4 ,lab]?onnire1 ! ,*ur* ,times praises ! ,abb's conception ( ,*ri/ian realism1 & !n goes on to say3 ,"h is f\nd ! key to ! my/]y ( ! ignorance ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ( ! o!r limitations attribut$ to ,him 9 ! ,gospels4 ,!re are two unt5able !ories--! "o t ,he delib]ately kept ?+s back f ,8 disciples2 ! o!r t ,he 0 ,himself ignorant ( ,8 own true nature1 :i* aft]w>ds became kn[n to ! ,*ur*4 ,! tru? is t ,he _h to reveal ,himself by liv+ among m51 & n by giv+ !m an ab/ract doctr9e ab\t ,himself--a doctr9e :i* mu/ h be5 ei!r inadequate because adju/$ to _! compreh5sion1 or else incompreh5sible because adju/$ to a reality :i* 0 beyond !m4 ,! pla9 "q1 h[ev]1 is--,_h ,he1 or _h ,he n1 ! attribute ( ,omnisci5ce8 ,did ,he1 or did ,he n1 "k :at we n[ "k8 ,are we to suppose t ,he pret5d$ to be ignorant8 ,0 ,he ,god or 0 ,he man8 ,! usual answ] is t1 z ,v ,man1 ,he _h only ! k ( ,8 age 7or1 %\ld we n say1 ( ! v re/rict$ environm5t select$ by ,himself = ,8 activities ^u e>?871 b t z ,v ,god he p]=m$ miracles1 taught spiritually1 z nev] man taught1 & 0 s9less4 ,?is answ]1 h[ev]1 w\ld n be accept$ by ! ,v5]able ,w4 ,m4 ,s9clair1 ,ar*deacon ( ,london1 :o conjectures t :5 our ,"l said1 ',great] works ?an ^! %all ye d1' ,he 0 p]haps ?9k+ ( ! m>vell\s discov]ies ( surgeons & physicians 9 times ( advanc$ sci5ce 64 #hd ,nor w\ld x be accept$ by ! ,rev4 ,david ,smi?1 :o holds t ,jesus accommodat$ ,himself to ! popul> idea1 & aft] ,8 wont fell 9 ) ! delusion 64 #he ,surely an ,omnisci5t ,god mu/ h kn[n t grave d\bts w\ld arise 9 ! future f ! real or app>5t ignorance ( ,8 ,son1 &1 vice v]sa1 t any presci5ce %[n by ,him w\ld be hail$ ) delight z a pro( ( ,8 div9ity4 ,if x be urg$ t su* trials ( fai? are useful1 :y %\ld x be ! ?\ghtful ( future g5]ations :o are *iefly to be s tri$8 ,if ,*ri/ _h *os5 ,8 disciples f among ! wise m5 ( ! ,ea/ 7or ,we/71 in/ead ( f among m5 ( ! l[e/ ord] ( intellig5ce & education1 !re w\ld !n h be5 no necessity = ! doctr9e to h be5 ei!r inadequate because adju/$ to _! compreh5sion1 or else incompreh5sible because adju/$ to a reality :i* 0 beyond !m4 ,only a v small & remote corn] ( ! _w 0 fav\r$ by ! pres5ce ( ,god :5 reveal+ ,himself 9 human =m = ! b5efit ( mank9d4 ,only ! mo/ ignorant1 = ! mo/ "p1 he>d ,8 p]sonal tea*+4 ,_h ,he reveal$ ,himself to all1 or to a f> great] numb] ( p]sons !n liv+1 & satisfi$ ! ard5t long+s ( ! wise m5 & philosoph]s ( ^? times1 w\ld ?is n h conduc$ to ! rapid recognition ( ,*ri/ianity & to its firm e/abli%m5t ov] ! :ole _w = all ages8 ,! t9y ,sea ( ,galilee1 ! bir?place ( ! ,gospel1 is only ab\t twelve miles long & sev5 miles 9 its wide/ "p1 & ,*oraz91 ,be?saida1 & ,cap]naum 7 all situat$ close toge!r at ! nor!rn end4 ,"h ,jesus made 8 p]man5t home aft] ,8 fell[-t[nsm5 at ,naz>e? _h reject$ ,him2 "h ,he prea*$1 & "h ,he p]=m$ _m mighty works4 ,n till ,i _h visit$ ! spot did ,i fully realise ! insignificance ( ! area to :i* ! ,savi\r ( mank9d conf9$ ,8 m9i/ry4 ,r\nd ! lake /ood su* important cities z ,tib]ias & ,t>i*e4 ,!y 7 /udi\sly avoid$ by ,jesus4 7,?is w\ld acc\nt1 p]haps1 = _! great m5 he>+ no?+ ( ! new tea*+1 ?\gh h>dly = _! he>+ no?+ ( /up5d\s miracles p]=m$ at _! v door47 ,! cities ( ! ,decapolis 7 also fl\ri%+ 9 ?is neighb\rhood at ! "t ( ,*ri/'s m9i/ry1 & 7 ! c5tre ( great lit]>y activity4 ,gad>a produc$ ,philodemus ! ,epicurean1 a contempor>y ( ,cic]o2 ,meleag] ! epigrammati/2 ,m5ippus ! satiri/2 ,!odorus ! rhetorician1 ! tutor ( ,tib]ius2 & o!rs4 ,g]asa1 also1 0 a "m ( great tea*]s4 ,9 ! words ( ,george ,adam ,smi?3 ,philodemus1 ,meleag]1 ,m5ippus1 ,!odorus1 7 names ( :i* "o end ( ! ,lake ( ,galilee 0 pr\d1 :5 ,mat!w1 ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john 7 work+ at ! o!r end4 #hf ,if x be argu$ t = "s inscrutable reason ,god s5t ,8 ,son only to ! lo/ %eep ( ! h\se ( ,israel & int5d$ ,8 prea*+ to rea* ! ,g5tiles ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,8 *os5 p1 :y 0 su* a le>n$ & pi\s ,jew z ,philo left out 9 ! cold8 ,apologi/s d n expla9 at all conv9c+ly :y ! ,almighty c\ld n1 or pref]r$ n to1 make ,himself und]/ood4 ,if ,he c\ld say ,let !re be light1 ,he c\ld also h said ,let !re be k4 ,besides1 aft] all1 :at is !re 9 ! broad facts ( mod]n sci5ce :i* c\ld n be expla9$ to an intellig5t savage to-day8 ,! %ape & movem5ts ( ! e>? are expla9$ 9 ! mo/ elem5t>y geography books1 & ! !ory ( ,evolution c be made q cle> to comp>ative *ildr5 7,i speak f p]sonal exp]i5ce74 ,rec5t discov]ies h reveal$ to u t anci5t nations mu/ h rea*$ an extraord9>ily high /ate ( civilisation4 ,six ?\s& ye>s ago1 9 ! valley ( ! ,nile1 !re exi/$ a /&>d ( civilisation incomp>ably high] ?an t ( ! ,jews at ! "t :5 ,god is alleg$ to h select$ !m z ,8 *os5 p4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t1 says ,canon ,c4 ,h4 ,rob9son1 is ! hi/ory ( a p insignificant 9 numb]1 occupy+ a c\ntry ab\t ! same size z ! c\nty ( ,york%ire2 rem>kable nei!r = _! sup]ior le>n+1 civilisation1 nor milit>y p[]2 rem>kable1 if = any?+1 = _! ob/9ate1 grasp+1 usuri\s "*2 :o1 nev]!less1 7 *os5 out ( all ! nations ( ! anci5t _w to be ! recipi5ts ( peculi> bless+s & fav\rs4 #hg ,?is incompreh5sible selection ( ignorant ,jews to be ! special recipi5ts ( ,revelation only emphasises ! cont5tion t we h no "r to assume t le>n$ m5 ( two ?\s& ye>s ago c\ld n h und]/ood pla9 facts1 or t x 0 necess>y = !m to believe 9 purely imag9>y explanations ( ! cosmos1 9 a flat1 /ation>y e>?1 9 a blue-bas9 sky1 9 an ,adam & ,eve orig91 9 devil-possession1 9 absurd miracles1 etc4 ,_! ignorance1 :i* 0 natural en\gh consid]+ _! opportunities1 c\ld easily h be5 dispell$ :5 ,god graci\sly condesc5d$ to come & live among !m4 ,:at a pro( w\ld t n h be5 ( ,8 ,div9ity6 ,9 any case1 we are to und]/& t ! ,apo/les 7 inspir$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 s t !y might be able to "w miracles & be witnesses unto ,*ri/1 ev5 to ! utmo/ p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,surely1 !n1 !y c\ld & %\ld h be5 enlight5$ = _! mission "w up to ! level1 say1 ( "s ( our tw5tie?-c5tury !ologians8 ,! miracle ( an intellig5ce & k equal to t ( ! av]age mod]n apologi/ is n1 aft] all1 s v inconceivable1 & x w\ld1 at lea/1 h be5 m useful ?an miracle-work+ 9 a miracle-believ+ age4 ,*ri/ians1 :o glibly admit t ,jesus _h only ! k ( ,8 age1 _c1 ,i ?9k1 fully realise ! =ce ( su* an admission4 ,"o reason = ?is may be t _! own k is n completely up to date4 ,t ,jesus _h no k ( nature's inviolable laws & %>$ _m ( ! gross sup]/itions preval5t ar\nd ,him2 t ,he accept$ ! ,scriptures z lit]ally true1 & n 9 ! s5se n[ attribut$ to !m by ! ,high] ,critics2 t ,he believ$ t ,he w\ld come aga9 9 ! cl\ds ( heav5 ) p[] & great might1 & t ! g5]ation 9 :i* ,he liv$ w\ld n pass away till ?is _h be5 fulfill$--( all ?is !y may be dimly consci\s2 b :at rema9 /ill to be /udi$ by !m are ! />tl+ disclosures ( ,comp>ative ,my?ology1 & ( ! n[ fully-e/abli%$ !ory ( ,evolution1 & _! be>+ ^u ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,! matt] is "o ( ! utmo/ importance1 z w be se5 by a p]usal ( ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,,comp>ative ,,my?ology ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,grave ,,suspicions ,,ar\s$ ,,by ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,anci5t ,,beliefs #a4 ,! ,new ,!ological ,!ory ( a ,progressive ,revelation4 ,! facts & tru?s e/abli%$ by ,sci5ce are no long] made ! subject ( attacks by ,*ri/ian apologi/s 9 ! mann] t !y us$ to be2 !y are n[ consid]$ by !m to be ! unfold+1 ?r\gh ,god's ,provid5ce1 ( pieces ( in=mation hi!rto conceal$ f u4 ,a sci5tific discov]y 7by m5 :o are m (t5 ?an n ,agno/ics7 simply means t ,god wills to reveal ano!r detail ( ,8 et]nal me?ods4 ,!re mu/ be1 we are told1 a frank modification1 or ev5 ! ab&onm5t1 ( c]ta9 preconceiv$ ideas :i*1 faulty z !y 71 _h suffic$ = man 9 an e>li] /age ( 8 developm5t1 & _h come to be reg>d$ z integral p>ts ( 8 religi\s fai?4 ,?is is ! sub/ance ( ! mod]n apologi/'s argum5t :i* is int5d$ to reconcile all outly+ discrepancies betwe5 our new k & our old beliefs4 ,! new explanation1 bas$ ^u ! assumption t revelation is progressive1 w come z a surprise to ! rank & file ( ,*ri/5dom1 :o h hi!rto be5 giv5 to und]/& t ! ,bible conta9$ ! "o1 only1 & suffici5t revelation ( ,god to man4 ,h[ev]1 !re is no alt]native4 ,if accept$1 _m grave difficulties ( fai? are swept away4 ,nay1 m2 ! reasonabl5ess ( our fai? is imm5sely /r5g!n$1 & ! facts ( sci5ce & rese>* become a valuable adjunct to ! arm\r ( ! ,*ri/ian apologi/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a refusal to accept spells disa/] to ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! tru? ( progressive revelation is1 !re=e1 a matt] ( life or dea? = ! ,*ri/ian religion2 &1 ( all bran*es ( mod]n rese>*1 x is ,comp>ative ,my?ology :i* absolutely dem&s ! complete e/abli%m5t ( ?is !ory4 ,if true1 our belief is fur!r v]ifi$ by ! />tl+ discov]ies ( ! e?nologi/2 if untrue1 x is irrevocably %att]$4 ,accord+ly1 9 ?is *apt] ,i am giv+ a prom95t place to ! discussion ( ?is !ory4 ,i ?9k ,i may safely say t !re is no dep>tm5t ( k ab\t :i* s little is kn[n by ! ord9>y man1 & ev51 ,i regret to say1 by ! majority ( ecclesia/ics1 z ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 ,yet x is ! /udy ( ?is sci5ce p]haps m ?an ( any o!r :i* is caus+ well-in=m$ m5 & wom5 to lose fai? 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,ask ,*ri/ian pr(essors 9 our univ]sities :o are 9 t\* ) ! ?\ght ar\nd !m1 & y w he> t _! sceptical fri5ds are all tell+ !m ! same ?+2 !y _c get ov] an?ropology1 & especially t bran* ( x :i* conc]ns itself ) ! traditions & beliefs ( primitive peoples4 ,rec5t e?nological rese>* has ?r[n an entirely new light ^u old problems4 ,! discov]ies ( sci5ce1 includ+ ! animal orig9 ( man1 may1 by a /ret* ( imag9ation & fai?1 be reconcil$ ) belief2 s also ! disclosures ( ! ,high] ,criticism2 b ! v orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity is expos$ by ! /udy ( ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 ,x is inde$ a melan*oly & 9 "s respects ?ankless task to /rike at ! f\ndations ( beliefs 9 :i*1 z 9 a /rong t[]1 ! hopes & aspirations ( humanity ?r\gh long ages h s\ght a refuge f ! /orm & /ress ( life4 ,yet soon] or lat] x is inevitable t ! batt]y ( ! comp>ative me?od %\ld brea* ^! v5]able walls1 mantl$ ov] ) ! ivy & mosses & wild fl[]s ( a ?\s& t5d] & sacr$ associations4 #hh ,"s ye>s ago !re 7 ecclesia/ics :o took a lively int]e/ 9 ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 ,/ud5ts ( ,pagan religions z well z ,*ri/ian mission>ies 7 b5t on discov]+ m /rik+ & m />tl+ co9cid5ces 9 ord] to use !m 9 confirmation ( _! fav\rite !ory t "s rays ( a primeval revelation1 or "s reflection ( ! ,jewi% religion1 _h rea*$ ! utt]mo/ ends ( ! _w4 ,subsequ5tly ! /udy ( comp>ative my?ology seems to h lo/ mu* ( its *>m4 ,:y8 ,! !ory t !re 0 a primeval pret]natural revelation grant$ to ! fa!rs ( ! human race1 & t ! gra9s ( tru? :i* cat* our eye :5 explor+ ! temples ( hea!n gods are ! scatt]$ fragm5ts ( t sacr$ heirloom--! se$s t fell by ! wayside or ^u /ony places--w\ld f9d b few support]s at pres5t2 no m1 9 fact1 ?an ! !ory t !re 0 9 ! beg9n+ "o complete & p]fect primeval language1 brok5 up 9 lat] times into ! numb]less languages ( ! _w4 ,! op9ion1 aga91 t ! ,pagan religions 7 m]e corruptions ( ! religion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 once support$ by m5 ( high au?ority & great le>n+1 is n[ z completely surr5d]$ z ! attempts to expla9 ,greek & ,lat9 z corruptions ( ,hebrew4 #hi ,x w be z well1 9 ! fir/ place1 to see exactly :at ! ,*ur* h]self n[ says on ! matt]2 h[ f> %e recognises t gigantic /rides h be5 made 9 a /udy =m]ly pursu$ 9 a mann] necess>ily elem5t>y by ! ,alex&rian s*ools2 h[ f> %e conc$es ! conclusions ( ! mod]n e?nologi/2 & h[ f> %e approves ( progressive revelation z ! explanation = ! :ole enigma ( ! p>allels betwe5 anci5t beliefs & our own4 ,= ?is purpose ,i ?9k ,i _c d bett] ?an quote f two /rik+ articles on ! subject 9 ! ,*ur* ,times4 ,!y 7 contribut$ by ! editor ( ,! ,treasury magaz9e4 ,! /udy1 he says1 ( folk-lore1 ( an?ropology1 ( primitive my? & ritual1 has made enorm\s /rides )9 ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury1 & ! fruits ( t /udy are n[ =c$1 = ! fir/ "t1 #ij ^u ! att5tion ( ! g5]al public4 ,pres5t$ 9 outl9e1 ! situation is z foll[s3 ,we h be5 accu/om$ to consid] ,*ri/ianity ap>t f all o!r religions4 ,we h recognis$1 inde$1 ! hi/orical prep>ation = x s f> z t is describ$ 9 ! pages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 b we h ?\ght ( t prep>ation z conduct$ among a s+le p1 & by means ( a unique revelation4 ,( pagan religions we h kn[n practically no?+4 ,! my?ology ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 :i* "s ( u _h to le>n at s*ool1 seem$ to be a collection ( po9tless fairy tales4 ,& z reg>ds o!r & m primitive races1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 ! /atem5t t '! hea!n1 9 8 bl9dness1 b[s d[n to wood & /one' compris$ accurately ! sum ( our k4 ,t !re c\ld be any b ! vague/ lik5ess betwe5 !m & our own beliefs 0 unimag9able4 ,possibly !re 0 a belief 9 ! ,fa!rhood ( "s supreme be+1 "s vague conception ( a future life2 :ile sacrificial rites1 z we knew1 7 n peculi> to ! ,jews4 ,b ! o!r doctr9es ( our ,cre$ we reg>d$ z exclusively our own4 ,! ideas ( a ,triune ,god-head1 ( an ,inc>nate ,savi\r1 ( ! ,virg9 ,bir?1 ( ! ,second ,adv5t1 ( ! ,sacram5ts1 ( ! ,communion ( ,sa9ts--^! seem$ to be ! di/9ctive possessions ( ,*ri/ianity2 ^! 7 m>ks cle>ly divid+ x f any =m ( paganism4 ,s1 at lea/1 we imag9$4 ,_h we n e reason ?us to imag9e on ! au?ority ( ,holy ,scripture8 ,b x proves t we 7 completely mi/ak54 ,! mod]n /udy ( primitive religion %[s t e "o ( ^! beliefs is1 or has be51 held 9 "s "p or o!r ( ! pagan _w q indep5d5tly ( ,*ri/ian influ5ce1 & t1 :ile we are b\nd to speak ( ^! beliefs z1 9 a s5se1 di/9ctly ,*ri/ian1 to t]m !m exclusively ,*ri/ian is no long] possible4444 ,9 ^! e>ly my?ologies we c disc]n ! long+ = a p]sonal ,god1 capable ( direct communication ) man1 & = "s sort ( union betwe5 ! div9e & human natures4 ,:5ce did ^! in/9cts !mselves orig9ate8 ,! "o t5able reply seems to be t !y 7 ,god-implant$4444 ,! ,zoroa/rian anticipates ! adv5t ( a ',savi\r' 7,sao%yas71 :o w end ! /rife betwe5 good & evil1 p]sonifi$ z ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 by sweep+ away evil f ! e>?4 ,9 ! anci5t ,v$ic & ,sc&9avian religions1 9 ! ,old-,_w cre$s ( ,egypt & ,babylon1 9 ! leg5ds ( ,mexico & ,polynesia1 is f\nd1 9 a v>iety ( guises1 ! same fundam5tal idea4 ,always !re is a s5se ( a supremely righte\s ,p[]2 ( a _w ta9t$ ) evil1 & out ( h>mony ) ! ,p[] above x2 ( ! com+ ( "s ,deliv]]1 :o w e/abli% a k+dom ( righte\sness4 ,once m1 9 _m my?ologies ! idea ( a ,virg9 ,bir? is associat$ ) t ( a ,div9e ,inc>nation4 ,m5 felt in/9ctively t ! entrance ( a ,div9e ,be+ into ! human race mu/ take place 9 a miracul\s way4 ,& ?us ! ,_s ( ,god1 work+ by means ( :at we may t]m ! in/9ctive feel+s ( mank9d1 prep>$ ! human race ?r\gh\t ! _w = ! com+ ( ! ,son ( ,god1 to be born ( a pure ,virg91 to take our nature ^u ,him = ev]more1 & to r$eem u f ! p[] ( s94444 ,we f9d conceptions1 su* z t ( ! ,h9du ,trimurti1 :i* seem to rememb] ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,9 ! sacram5tal meals ( totem-wor%ip1 :5 a sacr$ animal is kill$1 & p>tak5 ( by ! wor%ipp]s 9 ord] t its p[] may be communicat$ to !m n to m5tion sacr$ m5 kill$ ) ! same idea1 !re seems a dim anticipation ( ! highe/ ,*ri/ian rite4 ,baptism z a cleans+ & symbolical c]emony 0 kn[n c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4444 ,^! rites & beliefs1 obscur$ by sup]/ition & insuffici5t to satisfy ! long+ :i* br\ght !m into exi/5ce1 7 design$ to s]ve z ! s*oolma/]s :o w\ld lead ! hea!n at l5g? to ,*ri/ 7cf4 ,galatians iii4 #bd74 ,^! rem>ks1 by a cl]gyman ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 w enable ! ord9>y p]son1 :o = ! mo/ "p kn[s no?+ :atev] ab\t ^! ?+s1 to realise ! imm5se importance ( ! que/ions rais$ by ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 #b4 ,p>allels 9 ,anci5t ,religions1 & ,"s ,rem>ks ,^u ,!m4 ,be=e proce$+ any fur!r1 x w be advisable to consid] "s concrete examples ( ! p>allels betwe5 ! beliefs & tea*+s ( anci5t religions & ^? ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,,kri%na ,,& ,,buddha4 ,kri%na4--,kri%na 0 a miracul\s inc>nation ( ,vi%nu 9 ! womb ( ,devaki4 ,a *orus ( angels exclaim$3 ,9 ! deliv]y ( ?is fav\r$ woman nature %all h cause to exult4 ,! bir? 0 indicat$ 9 ! heav5s by a />4 ,on ! morn+ ( 8 bir? ! spirits ( heav5 danc$ & sang1 & ! cl\ds emitt$ l[1 pleas+ s\nds4 ,?\gh royally desc5d$1 he 0 actually born 9 a cave4 #ia ,! div9e *ild 0 recognis$ & ador$ by c[h]ds4 ,he 0 pres5t$ ) gifts ( s&alwood & p]fumes4 ,! holy ,indian prophet1 ,n>$1 paid him a visit1 consult$ ! />s & decl>$ him to be ( cele/ial desc5t4 ,8 bir? 0 beset by p]il1 & 8 fo/] fa!r 0 w>n$ by a heav5ly voice to fly ) ! *ild1 z ! reign+ mon>*1 ,k+ ,kansa1 might take 8 life4 ,! k+ ord]$ ! massacre 9 all 8 ,/ates ( all ! male *ildr5 born dur+ ! night ( ! bir? ( ,kri%na4 ,"o ( ! fir/ miracles p]=m$ by ,kri%na1 :5 mature1 0 ! cur+ ( a lep]4 ,a lame woman came ) a vessel fill$ ) spices & sweet oil1 & ano9t$ 8 head4 ,kri%na 0 sla94 ,at 8 dea? a black circle surr\nd$ ! moon1 & ! sun 0 d>k5$ at noonday4 ,spirits 7 to be se5 on all sides4 ,kri%na desc5d$ into hell1 rose aga9 f ! dead1 & asc5d$ bodily into heav51 _m p]sons witness+ 8 asc5t4 ,he is to come aga9 on e>? 9 ! latt] days4 ,he w appe> z an arm$ w>rior rid+ a :ite horse4 ,at 8 approa* ! sun & moon w be d>k5$1 ! e>? w tremble1 & ! />s fall f ! firmam5t 7comp>e ,rev4 vi4 #b1 #ab1 #ac74 ,he is to judge ! dead at ! la/ day4 ,kri%na is ! ,creator ( all ?+s visible & invisible1 & is ! beg9n+1 middle1 & end ( all ?+s4 ,kri%na 0 transfigur$ be=e 8 belov$ disciple1 ,arjuna4 ,kri%na 0 ! meeke/ ( be+s4 ,he prea*$ sublimely4 ,accord+ to ! pur] ,vai%nava fai?1 he 0 pure & *a/e 9 reality2 any amor\sness relat$ ( him is to be expla9$ allegorically1 z symbolis+ ! long+ ( ! human s\l = ! ,supreme2 j z ! amor\s ,song ( ,solomon is said to be allegorical1 & to mean ,*ri/'s love = 8 ,*ur*4 ,kri%na ev5 condesc5d$ to wa% ! feet ( ! ,brahm9s4 ,he is ! inc>nation ( ,vi%nu1 ! second p]son 9 ! ,h9doo ,tr9ity ( ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva2 & ,vi%nu 9 8 inc>nations is a savi\r1 protector1 & fri5d4 ,kri%na said3 ,let a man1 if seek+ ,god by deep ab/raction1 ab&on 8 possessions & 8 hopes1 betake himself to "s seclud$ spot1 & fix 8 he>t & ?\ghts on ,god alone4 ,&1 aga93 ,!n be n sorr[ful2 f all ?y s9s ,i w deliv] !e4 ,_m o!r su* rem>kable passages might be adduc$ f ! ,bhagavad-gita4 ,ju/ice1 humanity1 good fai?1 compassion1 dis9t]e/$ness--9 fact1 all ! virtues--are said to h be5 taught by ,kri%na1 bo? by precept & example2 b we mu/ rememb]1 z ,moni] ,williams in=ms u 9 8 ,h9duism1 t ,kri%na1 9 ! anci5t epic poems1 is simply a great h]o1 & x is n until ab\t ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 t he is deifi$ & decl>$ to be an inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,9 conclusion1 ! acc\nts ( ,kri%na's *ildhood agree v closely ) ! apocryphal acc\nts ( ,*ri/'s *ildhood4 ,buddha4--,if ! simil>ity betwe5 ! hi/ories ( ,kri%na & ,jesus is rem>kable1 :at %all we say ( t betwe5 ! my?ological #ib portions ( ! hi/ory ( ,gautama ,buddha & ! hi/ory ( ,jesus8 ,look$ ^u z a confirmation ( ,progressive ,revelation1 x is no?+ %ort ( m>vell\s1 :e!r we reg>d ! simil>ity 9 ev5ts1 *>act]s1 actions1 or say+s4 ,f ,buddha's div9e inc>nation until 8 asc5sion into ! cele/ial regions1 almo/ e important episode ( ! life ( ,*ri/ appe>s to be p>allel$4 ,att5dant miracul\s ev5ts1 spotless "*1 wond]ful do+s1 *]i%$ say+s--all are "h4 ,buddha 0 miracul\sly #ic born ( ! pure & holy ,maya4 ,he desc5d$ into h] womb f heav5 9 a spiritual mann]4 ,!re 0 joy 9 heav51 ! ,devas s++3 ,to-day ,bodhisatwa is born on e>?1 to give joy & peace to m5 & ,devas4 ,he 0 recognis$ by ! ag$ & dev\t ,asita z ! p]fect ,buddha come to ! _w = its salvation4 ,8 life 0 ?reat5$ by ! ,k+ ,bimbis>a1 :o 0 advis$ to de/roy ! *ild4 ,he 0 pres5t$ 9 ! temple4 ,:5 /ill a m]e *ild he 0 f\nd to be z pr(ici5t z 8 ma/]s1 & he disput$ ) le>n$ doctors4 ,8 ance/ry 0 trac$ f 8 fa!r to ,maha ,sammata1 ! fir/ mon>* ( ! _w4 ,he ba!d 9 wat]1 ! spirits mak+ _! pres5ce kn[n z he did s4 ,:5 ab\t to adopt a religi\s life1 he fa/$ = a long "t1 & 0 tempt$ by ,m>a1 ! au?or ( ,evil2 b he he$$ n ! words ( ! ,evil ,"o1 & bade him dep>t f him4 ,! heav5s %[$ _! appreciation ( ?is defeat by ra9+ fl[]s4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life he 0 transfigur$ :5 on a m\nta9 9 ,india call$ ,p&ava4 ,he p]=m$ great miracles4 ,= in/ance1 on "o occasion he float$ ?r\gh ! air across a riv]2 &1 on ano!r1 he caus$ a tempe/ to cease1 & s sav$ a disciple1 :o 0 9 imm95t dang] ( %ipwreck4 ,%ortly be=e 8 dea? a weep+ woman embrac$ 8 feet4 ,:5 ,buddha di$ _m miracles occurr$4 ,! c(f9 0 op5$1 & ! body uncov]$1 sup]naturally4 ,he promis$ t ano!r ,buddha w\ld be s5t to !m4 ,he =etold 8 dep>ture1 & aft] dea? ent]$ ,nirvana4 ,he 0 v e>ly reg>d$ z omnisci5t & absolutely s9less4 ,e>? & heav5 did homage to him at bir? & dea?4 ,a great e>?quake occurr$ at 8 ,temptation4 ,he is repres5t$ z say+3 ,let all ! s9s t are committ$ 9 ! _w fall ^u me1 t ! _w may be deliv]$2 & aga93 ,hide y\r good de$s1 & confess be=e ! _w ! s9s y h committ$2 & aga93 ,?\gh ! great _w be swall[$ up & pass away1 yet be assur$ ! words ( ,buddha are true2 & aga93 ,bew>e ( fix+ y\r eyes ^u wom52 ,a wise man %\ld avoid un*a/e life1 z if x 7 a burn+ pit ( live coals2 ,"o :o is n able to live 9 a /ate ( celibacy %\ld n commit adult]y4 ,accord+ to ,buddha1 ! motives ( all our actions %\ld be pity1 or love = our neighb\r4 ,^? :o became 8 disciples 7 told !y mu/ r5\nce ! _w1 give up _! ri*es1 & take ! v[ ( pov]ty4 ,f9ally1 we %\ld note t ,buddha aim$ to e/abli% a ,k+dom ( ,heav5 7,dh>ma*akra72 t ! acc\nt giv5 by ,/4 ,pet] 7,ep4 ii41 *4 #c7 ( ! e>? once de/roy$ by wat]1 & ab\t to be de/roy$ by fire1 is 9 agreem5t ) ! ,buddhi/ /ory2 & t ! ,jews believ$ 9 ! pre-exi/5ce ( s\ls & a modifi$ =m ( metempsy*osis 7transmigration ( ! s\l74 ,x is difficult to sep>ate fiction f fact2 b ! g5]ally accept$ records %[ t1 toge!r ) sup]ior natural end[m5ts1 ,gautama ,buddha atta9$ to an exceptional purity ( life & integrity ( purpose4 ,probably he nev] arrogat$ to himself any high] au?ority ?an t ( a tea*]2 b 8 foll[]s1 turn+ = consolation to ! !ory t he /ill liv$1 exalt$ him1 )9 a qu>t] ( a c5tury ( 8 dea?1 to a place among _! deities4 ,z already m5tion$1 he 0 v e>ly reg>d$ z omnisci5t & absolutely s9less4 #id ,all sorts ( leg5ds1 borr[$ f curr5t my?s1 atta* !mselves to ! /ory ( 8 life1 :ile 8 tea*+ z a simple-he>t$1 tru?-seek+ philan?ropi/ became encru/$ ) ! sup]/itions & religi\s speculations t 7 curr5t4 ,z ) ,kri%na1 s "h !re are /ories ( ,buddha's *ildhood ( :i* ! apocryphal /ories ( ,*ri/'s *ildhood are an almo/ exact reproduction4 ,,p>allels ,,o!r ,,?an ,,kri%na ,,& ,,buddha4 ,9 ! case ( ,kri%na & ,buddha x is cont5d$ by "s ,*ri/ian writ]s t ! /ories mu/ h be5 borr[$ f ,*ri/ian s\rces bo? canonical & apocryphal4 ,?is cont5tion1 f\nd$ on ! lat5ess ( ! my?ical /ories 9 lit]>y =m1 w be consid]$ 9 due c\rse2 b fir/ let u h cle>ly be=e our m9ds ^? p>allels conc]n+ :i* !re is no su* cont5tion1 = ! simple reason t !re is no gett+ away f ! fact t ! beliefs exi/$ long be=e ! adv5t ( ,*ri/4 ,9 anci5t religions o!r ?an ,h9dooism & ,buddhism1 !re are1 among _m o!rs1 di/9ct p>allels to--! ,virg9 ,bir?2 ! ,heav5ly ,*oir2 ! ,epiphany2 ! ,slaught] ( ! ,innoc5ts2 ! ,temptation & ,=ty ,days' ,fa/2 ! ,miracles2 ! ,crucifixion ,d>kness1 & ,desc5t into ,hell2 ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion2 ! ,second ,com+ & ,day ( ,judgm5t4 ,! ,virg9 ,bir?4--,accord+ to ,*9ese leg5ds1 ! sages ,fohi 78 #cdfh ,b4,c47 & ,lao-,kiun 7ab\t #fjj ,b4,c47 7 born ( virg9s4 ,dean ,milman m5tions 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity t ! fir/ ,jesuit mission>ies :o w5t to ,*9a 7 appall$ at f9d+ 9 ! my?ology ( t c\ntry a c\nt]p>t ( ! /ory ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ,p]sia1 ,zoroa/]1 #ie ! f\nd] ( ! ,p]so-,iranian national religion1 0 miracul\sly conceiv$4 ,all attempts to connect him ) ,hebrew influ5ces are gr\ndless4 ,9 ,egypt1 ,horus1 :o _h ! epi!t ( ,savi\r1 0 born ( ! virg9 ,isis4 ,! ,egyptian ,bible1 rememb]1 is ! olde/ 9 ! _w6 ,plut>* m5tions ! notion ( ! ,egyptians t a woman might conceive by ! approa* ( "s div9e _s4 ,egyptian monum5ts repres5t ! infant savi\r 9 ! arms ( 8 virg9 "m1 or sitt+ on h] knee4 ,! image ( ! *ild 0 wor%ipp$ j z ! ,bamb9o is wor%ipp$ 9 ,rome to-day4 ,wom5 !n1 z n[1 believ$ 9 its efficacy = _! relief 9 "t ( nature's sorr[s4 ,9 ,grecian & ,roman my?ology ! ,sons ( ,jove--,h]cules1 ,bac*us1 ,amphion1 ,p]seus1 ,m]cury1 olus1 ,apollo1 & o!rs--h mortal mo!rs4 ,speak+ ( ?is1 ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!r1 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 decl>$ t ! my?s reg>d+ ! multitude ( sons ( gods1 & especially ! my? reg>d+ ! virg9's son ,p]seus1 _h be5 inv5t$ by ! demons 9 ord] to rob ! manife/ation ( ,jesus1 ! true ,son ( ,god1 ( its importance4 ,he also insi/$ t1 ) _! doctr9e ( ! ,virg9-bir? ( ,jesus1 ( ,8 passion1 & ( ,8 asc5sion1 ! ,*ri/ians 7 affirm+ no?+ new z comp>$ ) :at 0 alleg$ ( ! s-call$ sons ( ,zeus4 #if ,ev5 reg>d+ ,plato !re 0 a leg5d t 8 "m1 ,p]ictione1 _h exp]i5c$ a miracul\s conception ?r\gh ! influ5ces ( ! ,god ,apollo1 & t ! ,god _h decl>$ to ,aris1 to :om %e 0 betro!d1 ! p>5tage ( ! *ild 7comp>e ,/4 ,mat!w i4 #bj74 ,?is 0 believ$ 9 by ! disciples ( ,plato c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,among nor!rn nations ! sons ( ,od9 take ! place ( ! sons ( ,jove4 ,?us ,baldur ! ,good1 ! ,b5efic5t ,savi\r1 0 ! son ( ,od9 & ,friga4 ,! wor%ip ( ,friga 0 cont9u$ until t ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y took its place4 ,9 ,mexico1 ! ,savi\r ,quetzalcoatl 0 born ( a pure virg91 :o 0 call$ ! ,que5 ( ,heav54 ,an ambassador f heav5 ann\nc$ to ! virg9 ,so*iquetzal1 "m ( ,quetzalcoatl1 t x 0 ! w ( ,god t %e %\ld conceive a son )\t connection ) man4 ,"h we h an exact p>allel to ! annunciation ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y 7,/4 ,luke i4 #bf-ce71 9 a "p ( ! globe t 0 n discov]$ by ,*ri/ians till ne>ly #a1ejj ye>s aft] ! bir? ( ,*ri/6 ,simil> traditions ( ,savi\rs are f\nd among v>i\s tribes ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,reg>d+ ! t5d5cy to believe 9 inc>nations1 ,dr4 ,ill+wor? #ig expla9s t a g5]al t5d5cy 9 ! human m9d to expect a ?+ _c possibly be twi/$ into a presumption aga9/ its occurr5ce4444 ,! fact ( ! expectation does n logically make inv5tion a likeli] alt]native ?an occurr5ce1 except ^u "o hypo!sis--namely1 t ! occurr5ce is impossible4 ,?is argum5t skims ov]--or1 ,i might almo/ say1 neglects--! real cont5tion ( ! ,rationali/4 ,let u assume t inc>nation is n rul$ out ( c\rt z be+ priori impossible2 ! virg9-bir? ( ,jesus 0 subsequ5tly inv5t$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* because its em95t suitability necessitat$ its inv5tion4 ,only ?us c\ld ! div9ity & s9lessness ( ,jesus ,*ri/ be firmly e/abli%$4 ,m especially w\ld ?is be ! case 9 an age :5 ev]yone 0 famili> ) ! notion ( virg9-born ,savi\rs4 ,! m9ds ( m5 7 deeply imbu$ ) ! idea ( miracul\s bir? 9 ! case ( anyone claim+ to be ( div9e orig94 ,only on ?is und]/&+ w\ld ! hea!n1 already believ+ 9 _! own virg9-born ,savi\rs1 h accept$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,heav5ly ,*oir4--,ev5 ,confucius1 ! celebrat$ philosoph] 7born #eea ,b4,c471 0 u%]$ into ! _w ) dragons & angels hov]+ ab\t ! c\*1 & ) ! s\nd ( heav5ly music 9 ! air4 ,at ! bir? ( ,osiris1 ! fa!r ( ,horus1 ano!r ,egyptian ,savi\r1 a voice 0 he>d proclaim+ t ! ,rul] ( all ! e>? is born4 ,!re 0 joy 9 ,olympus :5 ,apollo 0 born1 & at ! "t ( ! bir? ( ,h]cules 8 fa!r ,zeus spake f heav51 & said3 ,?is day %all a *ild be born ( ! race ( ,p]seus1 :o %all be ! mightie/ ( ! sons ( m54 ,! ,epiphany4--,leg5ds ( ! com+ ( wise m5 to see an infant grew up 9 v>i\s places4 ,kri%na 0 visit$ by sages :o br\ght p]fumes4 ,confucius has a some:at simil> leg5d1 & "o occurs ev5 9 connection ) ! bir? ( ,plato4 ,! ,slaught] ( ! ,innoc5ts4--,! /ory ( ! dang]\s *ild is almo/ univ]sal4 ,horus1 ,zoroa/]1 & ,bac*us1 = example1 7 dang]\s *ildr54 ,! ,=ty ,days' ,fa/ & ! ,temptation4--,accord+ to ,pl9y1 ,zoroa/] liv$ = ?irty ye>s 9 ! wild]ness ^u *eese4 ,! ,devil made ,zoroa/] magnific5t promises2 b ! temptations 7 9 va94 ,! anci5t ,p]sians _h a religi\s fe/ival1 :i* !y annually celebrat$1 call$ ! ,salutation ( ,mi?ras 7! sun-god71 & dur+ x =ty days 7 set ap>t = sacrifice & ?anksgiv+4 ,among ! anci5t ,egyptians ! prie/ submitt$ to ab/95ce ( ! mo/ sev]e description4 ,! prie/s 9 ,heliopolis1 says ,plut>*1 h _m fa/s1 dur+ :i* !y m$itate ^u div9e ?+s4 ,fa/+ & self-d5ial 7 obs]vances requir$ ( ! ,greeks :o desir$ initiation into ! my/]ies4 ,! same practice 0 f\nd among ! anci5t ,mexicans & ,p]uvians4 ,! ,mexicans _h a =ty days' fa/1 9 memory ( ,quetzalcoatl1 :o 0 tempt$ & fa/$ =ty days on a m\nta94 ,"l ,k+sbor\gh says3 ,! temptation ( ,quetzalcoatl & ! fa/ ( =ty days 444 are v curi\s & my/]i\s4 #ih ,mr4 ,bonwick says3 ,! ,spani>ds 7 surpris$ to see ! ,mexicans keep ! v]nal =ty days' fa/4 #ii ,turn+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 we may rem9d ourselves t ,moses w5t up into a m\nta9 to receive c]ta9 in/ructions f ,god1 & 0 !re ) ! ,"l =ty days & =ty nights1 & he did nei!r eat bread nor dr9k wat]4 ,on a second occasion1 :5 he receiv$ ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 he 0 aga9 ) ! ,"l =ty days & =ty nights1 & did nei!r eat bread nor dr9k wat]4 ,elijah fl$ to ! des]t1 :]e an angel gave him cake & wat]1 & 9 ! /r5g? ( t meat he w5t = =ty days )\t food4 ,! numb] =ty occurs ov] & ov] aga9 9 t portion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* ! ,high] ,criticism has %[n to be unhi/orical4 ,! ,rationali/ av]s t ! numb] =ty is my?ological1 & t we h ?is /ory ( ! ,=ty ,days' ,fa/ & ! ,temptation 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t because ! writ] wi%es to %[ t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 pro( aga9/ all temptation2 t ,he1 too1 z well z o!r ,*ri/s1 c\ld resi/ ! p[]s ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,evil4 ,x may be urg$ t 9 all ^! cases ! numb] is q immat]ial4 ,are we n1 !n1 to take ! au?or ( ,! ,acts lit]ally :5 he in=ms u t ,*ri/ sp5t =ty days on e>? aft] ,8 resurrection8 ,! ,miracles4--,n only ,kri%na & ,buddha1 b all lead]s ( religi\s movem5ts1 _h ! reputation ( hav+ p]=m$ miracles4 ,religions 7 e/abli%$ z mu* by ! miracles z by ! prea*+s4 ,miracles 7 ne$$ 9 ^? days on all special occasions4 ,_m ( !m are atte/$ 9 ! grave/ mann] by ! grave/ writ]s1 & 7 firmly believ$ at ! "t by ! p4 ,heal+ miracles1 su* z ^? p]=m$ by ,jesus1 7 ! commone/ ( all4 ,! ,gospel miracles are 9 no respect s+ul> or m wond]ful4 ,horus1 z well z ,kri%na1 rais$ ! dead to life4 ,bac*us *ang$ wat] into w9e4 sculapius n only cur$ ! sick1 b rais$ ! dead4 ,pausanias1 ! em95t ,greek geograph] & hi/orian1 writes t 9 ! temple ( sculapius at ,epidaurus !re 0 an old pill> d$icat$ to ! memory ( ,hippolytus1 :o _h be5 rais$ f ! dead4 #ajj ,apollonius ( ,tyana 0 celebrat$ = ! wond]ful miracles he p]=m$4 ,he caus$ a devil to dep>t out ( a y\?1 & he re/or$ a dead maid5 to life4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs in=m u t ,simon ,magus1 ) ! ,devil's aid1 c\ld make 8 appe>ance :]ev] he pleas$ at any mom5t2 c\ld poise himself 9 ! air2 produce trees f ! e>? sudd5ly ! mango tree trick82 fl+ himself f high precipices unhurt ! v feat sugge/$ by ! ,devil 9 ! ,temptation2 & walk ?r\gh ! /reets accompani$ by spirits ( ! dead4 ,tacitus1 ! celebrat$ ,roman hi/orian1 tells u t ! ,emp]or ,vespasian 7born #i ,a4,d47 p]=m$ wond]ful miracles = ! good ( mank9d1 & among o!rs he describes ! cure ( a bl9d man ) ! emp]or's spittle4 ,! ,atonem5t4--,9 ,*9a ! ,holy ,"o 7,ti57 dies to save ! _w4 ,! suff]+s & dea? ( ,osiris 7 ! great my/]y ( ! ,egyptian religion4 ,8 be+ ! div9e goodness1 & ! ab/ract idea ( 'good1' 8 manife/ation ^u e>? 7l an ,indian god71 8 dea? & resurrection1 & 8 (fice z judge ( ! dead 9 a future life1 look l ! e>ly revelation ( a future manife/ation ( ! deity conv]t$ into a my?ological fable4 #aja ,:ile ,osiris is ! judge1 ,horus1 8 son1 is ! m$iator4 ,9 ! ,judgm5t sc5e 9 ! ,book ( ! ,dead1 ,horus1 ! son ( ,isis1 leads ! deceas$1 aft] 8 he>t has be5 weigh$1 into ! pres5ce ( ,osiris 7see ,papyrus ( ,ani1 plates #c #d74 ,mi?ras1 ! sun-god ( ! ,p]sians1 0 a ,m$iator betwe5 ,god & m5--! ,savi\r1 :o1 by 8 labori\s conflicts1 work$ _! salvation4 ,he 0 also call$ ! ,^w4 ,attys1 call$ ! ,only ,begott5 ,son & ! ,savi\r1 0 wor%ipp$ by ! ,phrygians1 & repres5t$ by !m z a man ti$ or nail$ to a tree4 ,adonis 0 ano!r virg9-born ,savi\r :o suff]$ = mank9d4 ,! ye>ly fe/ival ( ,adonis 9 ! spr+ 0 a special fav\rite ) wom54 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ref]5ce is made to ! weep+ ( ! wom5 ov] ,tammuz1 ! ,babylonian equival5t ( ,adonis 7,ezekiel viii4 #ad74 ,accord+ to ! ,rev4 ,sir ,g4 ,w4 ,cox1 #ajb he 0 ! crucifi$ ,tao 7div9e love p]sonifi$74 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,p>khur/1 9 ! *apt] on ! ,resurrection 9 8 ,hebrew lexicon1 says3 ,i f9d myself oblig$ to ref] ,tammuz to t class ( idols :i* 7 orig9ally design$ to repres5t ! promis$ ,savi\r1 ! desire ( all nations4 ,prome!us 0 a ,savi\r :o suff]$ ! mo/ fe>ful tortures z ! fri5d ( ! human race4 s*ylus's trag$y1 ,prome!us ,v9ctus1 0 act$ 9 ,a!ns five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,ev5 ,bac*us1 :om mo/ ( u ?9k ( z ! rollick+ w9e-god ( classical my?ology1 0 a sla9 ,savi\r4 ,:5 we turn to ! ,new ,_w we f9d ! wor%ip ( a crucifi$ ,savi\r among ! anci5t ,mexicans & ,p]uvians4 ,"l ,k+sbor\gh tells u t1 accord+ to ! belief ( ! anci5t ,mexicans1 ! dea? ( ,quetzalcoatl ^u ! cross 0 an atonem5t = ! s9s ( mank9d4 #ajc ,dr4 ,daniel ,br9ton relates h[ ! ,aztecs _h a fea/ :i* !y celebrat$ 9 ! e>ly spr+1 :5 victims 7 nail$ to a cross & %ot ) an arr[4 #ajd ,alex&] von ,humboldt1 9 8 ,am]ican ,rese>*es1 also speaks ( a fea/1 at :i* ! ,mexicans crucifi$ a man & pi]c$ him ) an arr[4 ,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,p4 ,lundy1 speak+ ( ?is1 says3 ,"h is ! old /ory ( ,prome!us crucifi$ on ! ,caucasus1 & ( all o!r pagan crucifixions ( ! "y inc>nate div9ities ( ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ,egypt4 #aje ,moral ,tea*+4--,!re is n only an extraord9>y simil>ity 9 beliefs1 b also 9 moral tea*+s4 ,! tea*+s ( ,confucius1 ,m5cius1 & ,wang ,yang ,m+ might1 z ,pr(essor ,nitobe po9ts out1 #ajf j z well be consid]$ plagi>isms f ! ,div9e libr>y1 = !y furni% num]\s rem>kable p>allels to ! ,new ,te/am5t tea*+4 ,taoism1 ! philosophy ( ,laotze1 = a long "t successfully rivall$ ! m utilit>ian sy/em ( ,confucius1 & its close agreem5t ) _m ( ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ is mo/ noticeable4 ,! morals ( ! anci5t ,egyptians are cle>ly set =? 9 ! ,book ( ! ,dead1 :i* came into use aft] #bjjj ,b4,c4 ,!y indicate a f> high] /&>d ?an exi/$ 9 ,israel 9 ,david's "t4 ,yet1 z ,dr4 ,callaway rem>ks1 #ajg 9 traditions :i* /ill l+] among u1 ! law "u :i* ,david liv$ & reign$ 0 p]fect & div9e2 :ile ! "n ( ,egypt /&s = d>kness & s94 ,) reg>d to ! p>allels 9 ! moral tea*+1 ,dean ,f>r>1 9 8 "w1 ,seek]s aft] ,god1 has cle>ly %[n t to say t pagan morality k9dl$ its fad$ tap] at ! ,gospel light1 :e!r furtively or unconsci\sly1 t x dissembl$ ! obligation & made a boa/ ( ! spl5d\r1 z if x 7 orig9ally h] own1 is to make an ass]tion :olly unt5able4 ,he po9ts out t ! attempts ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs to make out ,py?agoras a debtor to ,hebraic wisdom1 ,plato an ,atticis+ ,moses1 ,ari/otle a le>n] ( e?ics f a ,jew1 ,s5eca a correspond5t ( ,/4 ,paul1 7 due 9 "s cases to ignorance1 9 "s to a want ( p]fect hone/y 9 controv]sial deal+4 ,apocryphal ,gospels4--,we are assur$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s t ! p>allels betwe5 ! acc\nts ( ,kri%na's & ,buddha's *ildhood & ^? 9 ! apocryphal gospels ( ,*ri/'s *ildhood are due to ! ,h9doos hav+ borr[$ leg5ds curr5t among ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,dr4 ,wallis ,budge1 ! keep] ( ,egyptian & ,assyrian antiquities 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 in=ms u1 h[ev]1 t sev]al ( ! incid5ts ( ! w&]+s ( ! ,virg9 ) ! *ild 9 ,egypt1 z record$ 9 ! ,apocryphal ,gospels1 reflect sc5es 9 ! life ( ,isis z describ$ 9 ! texts f\nd on ! ,mett]ni* ,/ele4 #ajh ,&1 aga91 he says3 ,9 ! apocryphal lit]ature ( ! fir/ six c5turies :i* foll[$ ! evangelisation ( ,egypt1 sev]al ( ! leg5ds ab\t ,isis & h] sorr[ful w&]+s 7 made to c5tre r\nd ! "m ( ,*ri/4 #aji ,! evid5ce is conclusive t c]ta9 leg5ds preval5t among ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 borr[$ f ! anci5t ,egyptian religion2 yet we are to believe t :]e ! ,kri%na & ,buddha p>allels are conc]n$ ! borr[+ process 0 ! o!r way6 ,s be x4 ,let u suppose t c]ta9 ,egyptian sup]/itions rea*$ ! ,h9doo ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,*ri/ian2 ! fact rema9s t beliefs once held by dev\t b unlett]$ ,*ri/ians h a hea!n orig94 ,?is is ( s]i\s import1 = x l5ds weight to ! suspicion t ! m>vell\s tales 9 ! canonical gospels h be5 simil>ly d]iv$ f hea!n leg5ds--leg5ds f :i* "s ( ! m gl>+ absurdities & all t w\ld m> ! e?ical ideals ( ! ,*ri/ian religion 7 eclectically expung$4 ,,are ,,! ,,kri%na ,,& ,,buddha ,,leg5ds ,,borr[$ ,,f ,,*ri/ianity8 ,i h indicat$ a few ( ! m /rik+ p>allels 9 o!r religions besides ,kri%naism & ,buddhism4 ,did space p]mit1 x c\ld be %[n t !re are also p>allels to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 ! d>kness at ! ,crucifixion1 ! desc5t into ,hell1 ! ,resurrection1 ! claim ( ,jesus ,*ri/ to be ,alpha & ,omega 7accord+ to ! ,revelation ( ,/4 ,john71 ! prophecy ( ! ,second ,com+1 ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! wor%ip ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ! ,*ri/ian symbols 7cross1 triangle1 ,i4,h4,s41 fi%1 s]p5t1 dove1 & lamb74 ,i _c und]/& :at ! ,*ri/ian cause c ga9 by ascrib+ ! p>allels 9 ,h9doo my?ology to ,*ri/ian s\rces1 :5 !re is all ?is mass ( evid5ce = p>allels t are q z extraord9>y 7?\gh less num]\s7 9 ^? anci5t religions :]e ! priority to ,*ri/ianity _c reasonably be d5i$4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,kri%na & ,buddha p>allels are extremely num]\s & /rik+ly exact2 b a policy :i* seeks to expla9 !m 9 a diff]5t mann] f t adopt$ 9 ! case ( ! same ph5om5a 9 o!r religions1 :ile x s]ves to confirm ! suspicions ( ! sceptic1 is doom$ ev5tually to failure4 ,?is be+ s1 x is unnecess>y1 ,i ?9k1 to ent] at any great l5g? into ! controv]sy4 ,9 ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson's book1 ,*ri/ianity & ,my?ology1 !re is a s*ol>ly inve/igation f :i* ,i extract ! foll[+ lead+ po9ts #aaj3--;,h9doos1 z ,pr(essor ,tiele urges1 c\ld p]fectly well h borr[$1 if !y did borr[1 f ,egypt be=e ,*ri/ianity 0 he>d (4 ,!re is h>dly a lead+ detail 9 ! ,kri%na bir? leg5d :i* is n v>i\sly p>allel$ 9 o!r e>ly non-,*ri/ian my?ology4 ,! m we collate ! ma9 ,*ri/ian my?-notions ) ^? ( ,kri%naism1 ! m cle>ly does x appe> t1 in/ead ( ! latt] be+ borr[$ f ! =m]1 !y are1 n inde$ ! orig9als f :i* ,*ri/ianity borr[$1 b always presumptively ! m anci5t1 & 9 "o or two cases !y d appe> to be ! actual s\rces ( ,gospel /ories4 ,! lat5ess ( ! ,purnic /ories 9 lit]>y =m is no argum5t aga9/ _! antiquity4 ,s*ol>s are agre$ t late docum5ts (t5 pres]ve extremely old my?-mat]ial4 ,! lead+ elem5ts 9 ! ,kri%na my? are inexplicable save on ! view t ! cultus is anci5t4 ,! close co9cid5ces 9 ! leg5ds ( ,kri%na & ,buddha are to be expla9$ 9 t]ms ( borr[+ by ! latt] f ! =m]1 & n vice v]sa4 ,i %\ld add "h t ! d5ial ( ! ,*ri/ian accretions !ory does n convey also ! implication t ! ,bible /ory 0 borr[$ f ! ,kri%na & ,buddha my?s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! /rong probability is t !re has be5 little or no borr[+ ei!r way--t !re is a common s\rce = bo? 9 e>li] ,aryan & ,semitic my?s4 ,9 ! ,introduction to 8 /&>d "w1 ,! ,romantic ,hi/ory ( ,buddha1 #aaa ,mr4 ,beal ref]s to ! leg5ds conc]n+ ! pre-exi/5ce ( ,buddha 9 heav5--8 miracul\s inc>nation--salutation by angels--recognition by ,asita 7,simeon7--pres5tation 9 ! ,temple--baptism by fire & wat]--disputation ) doctors--temptation 9 ! wild]ness--life pass$ 9 prea*+ & work+ miracles1 etc4--& frankly admits t1 if we c\ld prove t !y 7 unkn[n 9 ! ,ea/ = "s c5turies aft] ,*ri/1 ! explanation w\ld be easy2 b all ! evid5ce we h goes to prove ! contr>y4 ,reg>d+ ! p>allelisms ) ! ,apocryphal ,gospels1 he says3 ,x w\ld be a natural inf]5ce t _m ( ! ev5ts 9 ! leg5d ( ,buddha 7 borr[$ f ! ,apocryphal ,gospels 7comp>e1 = example1 ! ,gospel ( ! ,infancy1 *ap4 xx43 ',our ,"l le>n+ 8 alphabet1' ) ! acc\nt giv5 9 *ap4 xi4 ( ?is volume71 if we 7 q c]ta9 t ^! ,apocryphal ,gospels _h n borr[$ f x4 ,9 8 lat] "w1 ,buddhi/ ,lit]ature1 ,mr4 ,beal modifies 8 position4 ,nei!r ,max ,mll] 9 8 ,introduction to ! ,sci5ce ( ,religion1 nor ,=long 9 8 ,%ort ,/udies ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,comp>ative ,religions1 nor ,s5>t 9 8 le>n$ "w1 ,la ,lg5de du ,buddha1 nor ,seydel 9 8 ,evangelium von ,jesu & 8 ,buddha ,leg5ds1 nor ,pfleid]] 9 8 ,ur*ri/5tum1 supports ! !ory ( ,*ri/ian accretions4 ,buns51 9 8 ,angel-,messiah1 ma9ta9s 7p4 #ah7 t1 accord+ to ,sanscrit & ,*9ese scriptures & ! /one-cut edicts ( ,asoka & ! ,s5*i ,tope1 c]ta9 leg5ds ab\t ,buddha circulat$ 9 ,india & ,*9a1 n only be=e ! apo/olic age1 b m ?an ?ree c5turies e>li]1 & t among ^! leg5ds ! mo/ anci5t are ^? :i* ref] to ! inc>nation ( ,buddha z ! ,angel ,messiah4 ,on page #aj ( ,rhys ,davids' well-kn[n little "w1 ,buddhism 7publi%$ "u ! direction ( ! ,s4,p4,c4,k471 we read3 ,!re is e reason to believe t ! ,pitakas n[ extant 9 ,ceylon are sub/antially id5tical ) ! books ( ! ,or?odox ,canon1 z settl$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,patna ab\t ! ye> #bej ,b4,c4 ,z no works w\ld h be5 receiv$ into ! canon :i* 7 n !n believ$ to be v old1 ! ,pitakas may be approximately plac$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 & p>ts ( !m possibly read back v ne>ly1 if n q1 to ! "t ( ,gautama himself4 ,on page #ae x is expla9$ t1 :5 ! /atem5ts 9 ! ,sanscrit & ,pali texts agree1 ! greate/ reliance may be plac$ ^u !m1 n inde$ z to ! actual facts ( ,gautama's life1 b z to ! belief ( ! e>ly ,buddhi/s conc]n+ x4 ,pr(essor ,rhys ,davids enum]ates ! m important ( ^! e>ly beliefs1 & !y include _m ( ! />tl+ co9cid5ces :i* ,i h notic$4 ,! lat] beliefs he passes ov] = ! mo/ "p 9 sil5ce2 b1 speak+ g5]ally1 he is ( op9ion t ! great] portion1 if n all1 ( ! leg5ds c\ld be expla9$ by h]o-wor%ip1 m]e poetical imag]y1 misappreh5sion1 ! desire to edify1 applications to ,gautama ( previ\sly exi/+ /ories or sun-my?s1 & s on4 ,n[h]e does he /ate or imply t 9 any ( ! leg5ds1 e>ly or late1 !re c be any application to ,gautama ( ! ,gospel /ories ( ! life ( ,*ri/2 :ile he consid]s ,m4 ,s5>t's !ory ( ! almo/ complete dep5d5ce ( ! ,buddha leg5ds on sol> my?s mo/ int]e/+4 ,n[1 x is j ^? v ideas ( virg9-bir?1 resurrection1 & asc5sion appe>+ 9 ! lat] leg5ds :i* 7 no?+ m nor less ?an sol> my?s4 ,9 any case1 :atev] _! orig91 !y 7 _w-wide v _m c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era2 s any argum5t f ! lat5ess ( ^! leg5ds is f\nd$ ^u s&4 ,9 8 ,buddhism1 z also 9 8 article on ,buddhism 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 ! ,pr(essor /e]s cle> ( ! "q ( ! p>allels2 b 9 8 ,buddhi/ ,suttas1 translat$ by him f ! ,pali & appe>+ 9 ! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/ s]ies1 we read 79 ! ,introduction1 p4 #afe7 t :ile he v5tures to disagree ) writ]s :o argue t ! resemblances 9 ! ,pali ,pitakas & passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t indicate t ! ,new ,te/am5t z ! lat] mu/ be borr[$1 he holds t ! resemblance is due n to any borr[+ on ! "o side or ! o!r1 b solely to ! simil>ity ( ! conditions "u :i* ! two movem5ts grew &1 ! ,rationali/ w\ld add1 a simil>ity 9 ! my?s afloat is a "p1 & a v ess5tial "p1 ( ! simil>ity ( ! conditions4 ,s also ) reg>d to ! lat5ess ( ! ,kri%na leg5ds 9 lit]>y =m1 x is futile to argue t !y are1 to use a famili> t]m1 cribb$ f ! canonical & apocryphal gospels1 :5 mo/ ( !m are obvi\sly plagi>isms ( ! anci5t sun-my?s4 ,! ,rev4 ,sir ,g4 ,w4 ,cox1 speak+ on ?is subject 9 8 ,aryan ,my?ology1 says3 ,!re is no m room = inf]r+ =eign influ5ce 9 ! gr[? ( any ( ^! my?s ?an1 z ,buns5 rightly insi/s1 !re is room = trac+ ,*ri/ian influ5ce 9 ! e>ly epical lit]ature ( ! ,teutonic tribes4 ,practically ! my?s ( ,kri%na seem to h be5 fully develop$ 9 ! days ( ,mega/h5es 7f\r? c5tury ,b4,c471 :o id5tifies him ) ! ,greek ,h]cules4 ,mega/h5es wrote a "w on ,india1 :i* 0 ! *ief s\rce ( ! lat] ,greek in=mation on ! subject4 ,pr(essor ,moni] ,williams1 ! accept$ au?ority on ,h9duism1 writ+ = ! ,s4,p4,g41 9 8 book1 ,indian ,wisdom1 & speak+ ( ! ,bhagavad-gita1 says3 ,x may reasonably be que/ion$ :e!r !re c\ld h be5 any actual contact ( ! ,h9doo sy/em ) ,*ri/ianity )\t a m satisfactory result 9 ! modification ( ,pan!i/ic & anti-,*ri/ian ideas4 ,aga91 he says3 ,! religi\s cre$s1 rites1 cu/oms1 & habits ( ?\ght ( ! ,h9doos g5]ally _h alt]$ little s9ce ! days ( ,m5u1 #ejj ye>s ,b4,c4 ,9 8 ,h9duism 7p4 #ai7 he %[s t we may be ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t ! hymns ( ! ,v$a 7 probably compos$ by a succession ( poets at diff]5t dates betwe5 #aejj & #ajjj ye>s ,b4,c4 ,?is is an important concession1 because ! anci5t hymns ( ! ,v$a furni% ! g]ms ( ^? sun-my?s :i* tell ( ! dea?1 resurrection1 & asc5sion ( a virg9-born savi\r4 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! conclusions ( ! highe/ au?orities reg>d+ ,kri%nai/ic & ,buddhi/ic beliefs1 ,i hope ,i may h s f> c>ri$ ! read] ) me t he w be prep>$ to admit t !re are v _m /rik+ resemblances to ! ,gospel /ories 9 ^? anci5t beliefs ^: priority to ,*ri/ianity is n disput$4 ,n[ t ^! resemblances are no long] attribut$ to a device ( ! ,evil ,"o1 an explanation = !m is urg5tly requir$4 ,! explanation f ! ,*ri/ian side is ! !ory ( a ,progressive ,revelation2 &1 app>5tly1 !re c be no o!r1 if ,*ri/ianity be true4 ,! read] has be5 put 9 possession ( a few details ( ! rem>kable p>allels1 & he %\ld apply ?is !ory = himself to ea* & all ( !m1 & see :e!r x furni%es a fair work+ hypo!sis1 :e!r 8 m9d c accept ! explanation n[ (f]$ to him1 &1 ,i might almo/ add1 :e!r he c hone/ly cont9ue to call himself a ,*ri/ian believ]4 ,let him ask himself :i* is ! m probable1 t 9 ! common my?os we h m>vell\s anticipations ( ! ,bible /ories1 or t 9 ! latt] we h reproductions ( ! =m]8 #c4 ,p>allels 9 ! ,beliefs ( ,primitive ,man1 & "s ,rem>ks ,^u ,!m4 ,i mu/ ask ! read]'s pati5ce if ,i po/pone my f9al rem>ks on ,progressive ,revelation until ,i h adduc$ "s illu/rations ( ! beliefs & cu/oms ( primitive man1 z "h also ?is same !ory has to apply4 ,?us f> ! pagan beliefs h appe>$ to be ( a comp>atively h>mless "*2 b ?is c by no means be said ( ! beliefs ( savage man4 ,he does n conf9e himself1 l 8 m civilis$ bro!r1 to my/ical beliefs 9 ,savi\rs :o once ^u a "t suff]$ = him1 & ^: body & blood are to be symbolically assimilat$2 b1 be+ ( a reali/ic 7or %all we say mat]iali/ic87 turn ( m9d1 he pref]s 7! inevitable result ( a re/rict$ intellectual developm5t7 #aab to satisfy 8 religi\s emotions ) ! spectacle ( a real human-div9e suff]]1 & by a sacrificial fea/ ( real fle% & blood4 ,c ?is be ,god's me?od ( reveal+ ,himself8 ,true1 ! religi\s convictions ( civilis$ man h be5 a fruitful s\rce ( human agony1 bo? physical & m5tal1 9 _m a bloody fight & massacre1 9 cruel & rel5tless p]secutions1 9 e ref9em5t ( excruciat+ torture & pitiable di/ress to body & m9d2 b x is possible to gloze ov] all ?is ) v>i\s speci\s argum5ts4 ,x is n s easy to d s ) examples drawn f ! hi/ory ( savage races4 ,! only ?+ is t s few h ev] _h ^! examples br\ght be=e !m1 or1 at lea/1 h ev] ?\ght ( connect+ !m ) any?+ t has to d ) ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 n[ give "s illu/rations ( ! beliefs & cu/oms ( primitive man4 ,a vivid description may succe$ 9 conv9c+ ! read] ( ! absurdity ( ! new !ory1 :]e m]e vague ideas ( savage ritual w\ld fail4 ,( ! human sacrifices ( rude peoples1 ^? ( ! ,mexicans are p]haps ! mo/ in/ructive1 = 9 !m ! !an?ropic "* ( ! victim comes out mo/ cle>ly4 #aac ,:5 we g to ! records ( ! cultures & cre$s ( ,mexico & ,p]u1 records wond]fully pres]v$ 9 ! tee? ( ! fanaticism :i* w\ld h de/roy$ !m all if x c\ld1 we /& cle> ( ! frauds & prejudices alike ( ,jew & ,*ri/ian4444 ,we are fac$ by a civilisation & a religion t rea*$ weal? & complexity by normal evolution f ! /ages ( e>ly savag]y & b>b>ism )\t ev] com+ 9 contact ) ^? ( ,europe till ! mom5t ( collision & de/ruction4 #aad ,we %all beg91 !re=e1 ) ! anci5t ,am]ican4 ,,! ,,religions ,,( ,,anci5t ,,am]ica4 ,t]rible 0 ! pre/ige ( ! prie/hood ( ,mexico4 ,! great] ! ,/ate grew1 ! l>g] 7 ! hecatombs ( human victims4 ,almo/ e god _h to be propitiat$ 9 ! same way2 b above all mu/ ! w>-god be = ev] glutt$ ) ! smok+ he>ts ( sla9 captives4 ,sc>cely any hi/orian1 says ,prescott1 e/imates ! numb] ( human be+s sacrific$ ye>ly ?r\gh\t ! ,empire at less ?an #bj1jjj1 & "s make x #ej1jjj4 ,! ,franciscan monks comput$ t #b1ejj victims 7 annually sacrific$ 9 ! t[n & di/rict ( ,mexico alone4 ,( ?is doom$ ho/1 ,huitzilopo*tli _h ! lion's %>e2 & x is record$ t at ! d$ication ( 8 great new temple ,a4,d4 #adhf t is to say1 ne>ly #a1ejj ye>s aft] ,god 0 pleas$ to reveal ,himself def9itely to mank9d !re 7 sla9 9 8 hon\r #gj1jjj prison]s ( w>1 :o _h be5 res]v$ = ! purpose = ye>s ?r\gh\t ! ,empire4 ,!y =m$ a tra9 two miles long1 & ! "w ( prie/ly but*]y w5t on = sev]al days4 #aae ,at e fe/ival ( ! ,god !re 0 a new hecatomb ( victims1 & we may conceive h[ ! *ronic spectacle burnt itself 9 on ! imag9ation ( ! p4444 ,& !n ! horror ( ! sacrificial act6 ,9 ! great majority ( ! sacrifices ! victim 0 laid liv+ on ! convex /one & held by ! limbs1 :ile ! slay] cut op5 8 brea/ ) ! sacr$ fl9t 7or r obsidian7 knife--! anci5t knife us$ be=e m5 _h ! use ( metals1 & !re=e mo/ truly religi\s--& tore out ! palpitat+ he>t1 :i* 0 held on high to ! all-see+ sun1 be=e be+ set to burn 9 inc5se 9 front ( ! idol1 ^: lips1 & ! walls ( ^: %r9es1 7 dev\tly daub$ ) blood4 ,9 connection ) "o annual fe/ival ( ,tezcatlipoca1 ! ,creator & 's\l ( ! _w1' :o comb9$ ! attributes ( p]petual y\?ful beauty ) ! function ( ! ,god ( ,ju/ice & ,retribution1 z ! ,w9t] ,sun1 !re 0 select$ = immolation a "y male captive ( especial beauty1 :o 0 treat$ ) great rev]5ce = a :ole ye> be=e be+ sacrific$4444 ,:5 all 0 ov] ! prie/s pi\sly improv$ ! occasion1 prea*+ t all ?is _h be5 typical ( human de/9y1 :ile ! ari/ocracy sacram5tally ate ! victim's roa/$ limbs4 ,!y ,*ri/ians my/ically eat ! body ( ! sla9 ,god4 ,n[1 ?is v act 0 p]=m$ by ! ,mexicans1 n only lit]ally z we h se51 b 9 ! symbolic way also2 & !y connect$ _! sacram5ts ) ! symbol ( ! cross4 ,t ! ,mexicans 7 no long] cannibals by ta/e is %[n by ! fact t 9 ! great siege by ,cortez !y di$ ( />vation by ?\s&s4 ,!y nev] ate fell[ citiz5s3 only ! sacrificially sla9 captive4 ,! /range/ ?+ ( all is t _! frightful sy/em ( sacrifice 0 b\nd up n only ) a /rict & ascetic sexual morality1 b ) an emphatic humanit>ian doctr9e4 ,if asceticism be virtue1 !y cultivat$ virtue zeal\sly4 ,!re 0 a ,mexican ,goddess ( ,love1 & !re 0 ( c\rse pl5ty ( vice2 b n[h]e c\ld m5 w9 a high] reputation = sanctity by liv+ 9 celibacy4 ,_! sa9ts 7 num]\s4 ,!y _h ne>ly all ! =mulas ( ,*ri/ian morality1 s-call$4 ,! prie/s !mselves mo/ly liv$ 9 /rict celibacy2 & !y educat$ *ildr5 ) ! greate/ vigilance 9 _! temple s*ools & high] colleges4 ,!y taught ! p to be peaceful1 to be> injuries ) meekness1 to rely on ,god's m]cy & n on _! own m]its2 !y taught1 l ,jesus & ! ,pagans1 t adult]y c\ld be committ$ by ! eyes & ! he>t2 &1 above all1 !y exhort$ m5 to fe$ ! poor4 ,! public hospitals 7 c>efully att5d$ to1 at a "t :5 "s ,*ri/ian c\ntries _h none4 ,!y _h ! practice ( confession & absolution1 & 9 ! regul> exhortation ( ! confessor !re 0 ?is =mula3 ,clo! ! nak$ & fe$ ! hungry1 :atev] privations x may co/ !e2 = rememb] _! fle% is l ?9e1 & !y are m5 l !e2 *]i% ! sick1 = !y are ! image ( ,god4 ,& 9 ?is v same exhortation !re 0 fur!r urg$ on ! p5it5t ! special duty ( in/antly procur+ a slave = sacrifice to ! deity4 ,! ,mexican believ$ 9 ! resurrection ( ! ,man-,god4 ,dr4 ,fraz] relates h[ ! idea t ! ,god ?us sla9 9 ! p]son ( 8 repres5tative comes to life aga9 imm$iately 0 graphically repres5t$ 9 ! ,mexican ritual by sk9n+ ! sla9 man-god1 & clo?+ 9 8 sk9 a liv+ man1 :o ?us became ! new repres5tative ( ! god-head4 #aaf ,x is civilisation t det]m9es ! tone ( religion4 ,9 ,p]u1 :]e ! civilisation 0 high] & ! prie/hood less p[]ful1 ! sacrificial sy/em 0 less burd5some & less t]rible4 ,?us human sacrifices 7 practically ext9ct4 ,! ,p]uvians _h ! in/itution ( a ,holy ,communion1 9 :i* !y ate ( a sacr$ bread1 sancu1 spr9kl$ ) ! blood ( a sacrific$ %eep1 ! prie/ pron\nc+ ?is =mula3 ,take he$ h[ ye eat ?is sancu2 = he :o eats x 9 s9 & ) a d\ble w & he>t is se5 by our ,fa!r1 ! ,sun1 :o w puni% him ) griev\s tr\bles4 ,! ,spani>ds !mselves recognis$ t ! ,mexicans ate ! my/ical body ( ! ,god ) e sign ( devotion & contrition2 & !y 7 s f> f depreciat+ ! ,p]uvian ,communion t !y suppos$ ,/4 ,b>?olomew _h e/abli%$ x4 #aag ,) ^! facts confront+ u1 x is no?+ %ort ( m>vell\s to f9d _m le>n$ div9es completely ignor+ !m 9 _! apologetic ef=ts4 ,i say m>vell\s1 = ,i assume !y possess hone/y ( purpose & "s acqua9tance ) anci5t beliefs2 b p]haps ,i am wrong 9 ! latt] assumption4 ,! cont9uance ( ! celebration ( ! ,holy ,eu*>i/ until ! pres5t day is held to be "o ( ! evid5ces = ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & ?is on ! gr\nd t ! rite c\ld n h surviv$ if ,*ri/ _h n f\nd$ x4 ,= "s reason1 be/ kn[n to ! apologi/1 ! almo/ univ]sal obs]vance ( ! same c]emony1 ages be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & its survival among ! nations :o f9ally adopt$ ,*ri/ianity1 are entirely ov]look$4 ,?us ,dr4 ,macle>1 9 8 book1 ,! ,evid5tial ,value ( ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 says3 ,! s+ul> rite has surviv$ all ! vicissitudes ( m ?an #a1jjj ye>s4444 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian w\ld in=m a suppos$ que/ion] t ! meal 0 a sacrificial fea/1 in/itut$ by ,him f ,:om we are call$ ,*ri/ians1 & ,:o di$ = u on ! ,cross4 ,"h1 !n1 we are on solid gr\nd4 ,! rite1 s unique & s unprec$5t$1 re/s on an objective hi/orical fact4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ,dr4 ,macle> _h entirely neglect$ ! /udy ( anci5t & ev5 mod]n non-,*ri/ian #aah beliefs4 ,,vegetation ,,gods4 ,!re is ano!r class ( primitive sacrificial cu/om :i* claims our c>eful att5tion1 9 ord] t we may see :e!r x manife/s ! beg9n+ ( a revelation f ,god4 ,ev5 if we c\ld agree t all ^! gruesome details repres5t a savage's glimm]+s ( ! tru?1 we mu/ all[ t ! !ory collapses :5 ! object ( ! cu/om c be %[n to h little or no?+ to d ) religion 9 any true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,subtle intellects are capable ( ma9ta9+ t ! wor%ip ( ance/ors1 or ( ! ,sun1 or ( imag9>y devils1 betok5s a dim p]ception ( ,god2 b :5 x comes to ! propitiation ( a vegetation-god solely = ! sake ( ! mat]ial b5efits expect$ to be d]iv$ f 8 cult1 surely x is "t to dismiss ! !ory z wor?less4 ,all ! _w ov]1 savages & semi-civilis$ p are 9 ! habit ( sacrific+ human victims1 ^: bodies are buri$ 9 ! field ) ! se$ ( corn1 or o!r bread /uffs4 ,(t5 en\gh ! victim's blood is mix$ ) gra9 9 ord] to f]tilise x4 ,! mo/ fam\s in/ance is t ( ! ,khonds ( ,orissa1 :o *ose special victims1 kn[n z ,m]iahs1 & (f]$ !m up to ensure good h>ve/s4 ,! ,m]iah 0 (t5 kept ye>s be=e be+ sacrific$4 ,he 0 reg>d$ z a consecrat$ be+1 & treat$ ) extreme affection1 m+l$ ) def]5ce4 #aai ,! p]iodical sacrifices1 says ,dr4 ,fraz]1 9 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 7 g5]ally s arrang$ by tribes & divisions ( tribes t ea* head ( a family 0 enabl$1 at lea/ once a ye>1 to procure a %r$ ( fle% = 8 fields1 g5]ally ab\t ! "t :5 8 *ief crop 0 laid d[n4 ,khonds 9 di/ress (t5 sold _! *ildr5 z ,m]iahs1 consid]+ ! beatification ( _! s\ls c]ta91 & _! dea?1 = ! b5efit ( mank9d1 ! mo/ hon\rable possible4 ,_! *ildr5 7 repres5tatives ( ! ,deity4 ,) advanc+ civilisation we h ! sub/itution ( an animal 9 place ( ! human repres5tative ( ! ,god4 ,9 "s cases ! wor%ipp]s tore ! liv+ animal to pieces ) _! tee?4 ,! r5d+ & dev\r+ ( live bulls1 calves1 & goats seems to h be5 a regul> feature ( ! ,dionysiac rites1 ! p>ticipators 9 ! orgy fancy+ t !y 7 dev\r+ ! actual body & blood ( ! god4 ,) ! fur!r advance ( civilisation 7or1 accord+ to ! late/ ,*ri/ian !ory1 ) ! fur!r advance ( ,god's revelation71 z 9 ! ,m$it]ranean region1 ! bodies ( ! gods ( agriculture 7 eat5 by _! vot>ies 9 ! %ape ( cakes ( bread1 or o!r food /uffs1 & _! blood 0 drunk 9 ! =m ( w9e4 #abj ,if ,dr4 ,fraz] be "r z to ! priority ( ! idea ( a vegetation-god 9 cults commonly associat$ ) ! ,sun1 !n ,kri%na1 ,osiris1 ,dionysus or ,bac*us1 ,adonis1 ,attis1 & o!r ,savi\rs ^: dea?s & resurrections 7 annually celebrat$ at ! spr+ equ9ox 7our ,ea/]71 may h be5 prim>ily vegetation-victims1 ! ab/ract ideas :i* id5tifi$ ! dea? & resurrection ( ! god ) ! annual w9t] sleep & spr+ revival be+ f9ally fa!r$ ^u ! wor%ip4 ,:atev] explanation may be ! correct "o = ! ph5om5on ( a common my?os ov] ! great] portion ( ! globe1 x is c]ta9ly n t ( a ,progressive ,revelation4 ,su* an explanation has nev] be5 moot$ by anyone b ! ,*ri/ian apologi/4 ,among e>ly m5 & savages e act ( life has a sacr$ significance1 & agriculture especially is ev]y:]e & always inve/$ ) a special sanctity4 ,to u x w\ld seem natural t ! act ( s[+ se$ %\ld be reg>d$ z purely practical & physiological2 t ! se$ %\ld be look$ ^u m]ely z ! "p ( ! plant int5d$ = reproduction1 & t its g]m9ation %\ld be accept$ z a natural & normal process4 ,savages & e>ly m51 h[ev]1 _h no su* conceptions4 ,to !m ! :ole ?+ is a piece ( natural magic4 #aba ,are we1 !n1 to reg>d ?is work+ ( primitive ?\ght z ! work+ ( ! ,holy ,_s8 ,surely we may dismiss su* a prepo/]\s !ory8 ,x w s]ve ! ,*ur* no good purpose2 =1 :ile ?9k+ m5 w be fur!r ?an ev] e/rang$1 x w furni% ! militant agno/ic ) a fre% weapon = 8 attacks ^u h]4 ,,:y ,,m5 ,,eat ,,_! ,,god4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! ultimate orig9 ( ! idea ( ,god1 & ( ! belief 9 ,8 expiatory dea? & subsequ5t resurrection1 ! orig9 ( ! cu/om ( eat+ ,him sacram5tally p]mits ( a v simple explanation4 ,du ,*aillu notes t "s ( 8 ,we/ ,african foll[]s1 :5 go+ on an exp$ition1 br\ght out ! skulls ( _! ance/ors 7:i* !y religi\sly pres]v$7 & scrap$ (f small portions ( ! bone1 :i* !y mix$ ) ! wat] & drank1 giv+ z a reason = ?is conduct t _! ance/ors 7 brave1 & t by dr9k+ a portion ( !m !y too became brave & fe>less4 ,"h we h a simple & e>ly case ( t habit ( 'eat+ ! god' to ^: univ]sality & importance ,dr4 ,fraz] has call$ att5tion4 #abb ,x is a common e>ly belief1 :i* may /ill be met )1 t by eat+ a c]ta9 animal ! consum] w become possess$ ( its qualities4 ,x is notori\s1 = in/ance1 t ! ,miris ( ,nor!rn ,india prize tig]'s fle% = m51 because x gives !m /r5g? & c\rage4 ,& app>5tly ! same belief exi/s also 9 ,s\!rn ,india1 = ,i rememb] our ,madrassi ayah--a ,*ri/ian by ! bye--begg+ = ! h9d leg ( a pan!r 7%ot by my wife71 & expla9+ t %e want$ to eat x 9 ord] to make h] muzbut 7/rong74 ,i may m5tion also t c]ta9 religi\s rites /ill 9 vogue among ! ,h9doos--disgu/+ z !y are1 n only to our ideas1 b 9 fact--arise f a simil> notion4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] discusses ?is primitive idea 9 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology4 ,he expla9s h[ attributes or prop]ties1 z we und]/& !m1 are n recognisable by ! savage--are ab/ractions :i* nei!r 8 faculties c grasp nor 8 language express4 ,h5ce c]ta9 beliefs1 ev]y:]e conspicu\s among ! uncivilis$4 ,a special pot5cy :i* "s object or "p ( an object displays belongs to x 9 su* a wise t x may be acquir$ by consum+ or possess+ ?is object or "p4 ,! p[]s ( a conqu]$ antagoni/ are suppos$ to be ga9$ by dev\r+ him4 ,! ,dakotah eats ! he>t ( a sla9 foe to increase 8 own c\rage2 ! ,new ,zeal&] swall[s 8 dead enemy's eyes t he may see fur!r2 ! ,abipone consumes tig]'s fle% ?9k+ s to ga9 ! tig]'s /r5g? & f]ocity--cases :i* recall ! leg5d ab\t ,zeus dev\r+ ,metis t he might become possess$ ( h] wisdom4 ,cle>ly ! impli$ mode ( ?\ght1 %[n ev5 9 ! m$ical prescriptions ( pa/ ages1 is a mode ( ?\ght necess>ily p]si/+ until analysis has disclos$ ! complexities ( causal relations4 #abc ,! belief t ! qualities ( any individual are appropriat$ by eat+ him is illu/rat$ by ! /atem5t ( ,/anbridge1 t :5 ,au/ralians kill an infant !y fe$ an old] *ild ) x1 believ+ 't by its eat+ z mu* z possible ( ! roa/$ infant x w possess ! /r5g? ( bo?4' ,else:]e dead relations are consum$ 9 pursuance ( an alli$ belief4 ,we read ( ! ,cucamas t1 'z soon z a relation di$1 ^! p assembl$ & ate him roa/$ or boil$1 accord+ z he 0 ?9 or fat6' #abd ,x is easy1 !n1 to und]/& :y a savage %\ld desire to p>take ( ! fle% ( an animal or man :om he reg>ds z div9e4 ,by eat+ ! body ( ! god he %>es 9 ! god's attributes & p[]s4 ,& :51 z ,dr4 ,fraz] po9ts out1 #abe ! god is a corn-god1 ! corn is 8 prop] body2 :5 he is a v9e-god1 ! juice ( ! grape is 8 blood2 & s by eat+ ! bread & dr9k+ ! w9e ! wor%ipp] p>takes ( ! real body & blood ( ! god4 ,if ! apologi/1 no?+ daunt$1 ma9ta9s t !re is a religi\s g]m 9 ^! primitive sup]/itions1 x is practically tantam\nt to say+ t e sup]/ition conta9s su* a g]m2 t sup]/ition & religion are1 9 fact1 (t5 synonym\s t]ms4 ,i ?\ght x 0 only ! sceptic :o said t4 ,be=e committ+ himself any fur!r to a sup]natural !ory :i* is s obvi\sly unt5able1 ,i d entreat ! av]age apologi/ to read c>efully ! works ( great ?9k]s :o h made primitive man _! especial /udy4 ,let him read1 = in/ance1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology1 :]e he w f9d a natural & m9d-satisfy+ explanation ( primitive ideas conc]n+ sup]natural ag5ts1 gho/s1 spirits1 demons1 gods1 resurrection1 ano!r life1 inspiration1 div9ation1 sacrifices1 fa/+1 propitiation1 & pray]4 ,he w le>n1 also1 mu* t he ought to "k conc]n+ ance/or-wor%ip1 idol-wor%ip1 feti%-wor%ip1 animal-wor%ip1 plant-wor%ip1 nature-wor%ip1 & ! hea!n deities g5]ally4 ,he %\ld also read ,fraz]'s ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson's ,pagan ,*ri/s & ,*ri/ianity & ,my?ology1 & o!r s*ol>ly & in=m+ works ( ?is description1 in/ead ( conf9+ 8 /udies to works ( an apologetic "*1 :]e ev]y?+ incompatible ) exi/+ ,*ri/ian !ories is c>efully omitt$1 or col\r$ out ( all recognition4 #d4 ,! ,sol> ,my?4 ,,jonah ,,& ,,! ,,:ale4 ,! resemblances to anci5t my?s are n conf9$ to ! pr9cipal incid5ts 9 ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,_m ( ! mo/ notewor?y ev5ts relat$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t h _! c\nt]p>t 9 widespread leg5ds4 ,t ! /ories ( ! ,creation1 ,fall1 & ,deluge are leg5ds is well kn[n--a visit to ! ,briti% ,museum %\ld conv9ce ! mo/ capti\s critic on ?is po9t--b x is n s well kn[n t anci5t folk-lore conta9s /ories simil> to ^? ( ! ,t[] ( ,babel1 ! trial ( ,abraham's fai?1 ,jacob's vision ( ! ladd] betwe5 e>? & heav51 ! f9d+ ( ,moses 9 an ark1 ! trans=mation ( ,moses' rod into a s]p5t1 ! ,israelites' passage ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea on dry l&1 ,moses smit+ ! rock & ?us produc+ wat]1 ! reception by ,moses ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts f ,god1 ,balaam's expo/ulat+ ass1 ,jo%ua's comm& to ! sun & ! sun's ob$i5ce1 ,samson & 8 exploits1 ,elijah's asc5t to heav51 & ,jonah's soj\rn = ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! belly ( a fi%4 ,?is ,jonah episode has an important be>+ on ! subject "u discussion1 z x is a typical case ( an absorption ( ! univ]sal my?os4 ,among o!r au?orities1 ,godfrey ,higg9s tells u3 ,! /ory ( ,jonas swall[$ up by a :ale is no?+ b "p ( ! fiction ( ,h]cules1 describ$ 9 ! ,h]acleid or ,lab\rs ( ,h]cules1 ( :om ! same /ory 0 told1 & :o 0 swall[$ up at ! v same place1 ,joppa1 & = ! same p]iod ( "t1 ?ree days4 #abf ,aga91 ) ! exception ( ^? :o refuse to ackn[l$ge any?+ damag+ to ! lit]al tru? ( ,holy ,writ1 all pr(essors ( !ology are agre$ t ! miracle record$ 9 ! book ( ,jonah is n a hi/orical fact4 ,?is 9 spite ( ! alleg$ p]sonal int]views ) ,god z !re rec\nt$2 :ile ! plea t we mu/ make all[ance = ori5tal imag]y s]ves only to ?r[ discr$it ^u hi/orians on :om we are rely+ = facts ^u :i* ! s*eme ( ,*ri/ianity dep5ds4 ,n[1 ! /ory ( ! ?ree days' soj\rn ( ,h]cules & o!r h]oes 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 or ! belly ( a fi%1 is only a diff]5t v]sion ( ! my? conc]n+ ! dea? & resurrection ( a god :i* we f9d to be preval5t ov] ne>ly ! :ole _w4 ,&1 accord+ to ! new ,*ri/ian !ory1 ?is %[s an intuition ( ,*ri/'s dea? & resurrection6 ,,anticipations ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,sol> ,,my?s4 ,! advanc$ !ologians1 :o are pres5t+ u ) ?is !ory1 h to expla91 among o!r ?+s1 h[ x 0 t ,*ri/ himself took ! ,jonah & :ale /ory s]i\sly1 treat+ x z sob] hi/ory4 ,he spoke ( no m]e allegory :5 ,he said3 ,= z ,jonas 0 ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! :ale's belly2 s %all ! ,son ( ,man be ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! he>t ( ! e>?4 #abg ,nei!r ,*ri/ himself nor ! ,apo/les spoke ( any revelation embodi$ 9 hea!n beliefs4 ,v mu* ! rev]se4 ,yet ! ,bi%op ( ,birm+ham 7late ( ,worce/]71 speak+ to ! adv]s>ies ( ,*ri/ianity1 in=ms !m3 ,y say t we f9d 9 ,*ri/ianity ! relics ( paganism4 ,on ! contr>y1 we f9d 9 paganism1 int]m+l$ ) mu* t is false1 sup]/iti\s1 & horrible1 ! anticipations ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,is t :y we h paid !m ! complim5t ( adopt+ _! dates = ! bir? & dea? ( _! ,savi\rs8 #abh ,canon ,p4 ,h4 ,rob9son goes s f> z to say t ,*ri/ianity has b5efit$ by ! addition ( hea!n ?\ght ,n4,b4 ,he owns !re has be5 ?is addition1 & t x is yet to b5efit by fur!r contact ) hea!n ?\ght6 ,8 actual words are3 ,if ,greek & ,roman ?\ght 7 ne$$ = a full appreciation ( ! mean+ ( ! ,inc>nation1 :y may we n say ! same ( ,indian & ,*9ese ?\ght8 ,surely we are ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t e c\ntry & e p h some?+ to contribute to ,*ri/ianity & t ! completion ( ! ,*ri/ian revelation awaits ! contribution ( ea*4 ,we believe t !re are _m important aspects ( ! ,*ri/ian tru? :i* h nev] be5 und]/ood1 simply because ,*ri/ianity has n yet be5 reflect$ 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ^? nations ( ! _w :i* are /ill hea!n4 #abi ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,!ory ,,ignor$ ,,by ,,sci5ce4 ,! e>lie/ attempts at a crude sci5ce ( my?ology 7 ef=ts to reconcile ! leg5ds ( ! gods & h]oes ) ! religi\s s5tim5t :i* recognis$ 9 ^! be+s objects ( wor%ip & respect4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ians fir/ approa*$ ! problem ( hea!n my?ology1 !y agre$ ) ,/4 ,augu/9e t ! gods 7 real p]sons--b diabolical1 n div9e4 ,"s lat] philosoph]s1 especially ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 misl$ by ! resemblance betwe5 ,biblical n>ratives & anci5t my?s1 came to ! conclusion t ! ,bible conta9s a pure1 ! my?s a di/ort$1 =m ( an orig9al revelation4 #acj ,n[1 h[ev]1 9 trac+ my?s & leg5ds to _! probable orig9s1 ! mod]n my?ologi/ nev] dreams ( call+ to 8 aid any sup]natural !ory4 ,my?s pres5t1 ,i take x1 two ma9 problems--fir/ z to _! orig91 & second z to _! resemblances to ,biblical n>ratives4 ,"s my?ologi/s1 :ile no long] all[+ or?odox tradition to hamp] !m1 only pr(ess to answ] ! fir/ "q4 ,!y disclaim ! obligation ( ent]+ ! ar5a ( !ological controv]sy4 ,x is important t ! ,*ur* %\ld ?or\ghly realise ?is1 & t any disagreem5t !re may be among my?ologi/s z to ! solution ( ! fir/ problem--! orig9 ( my?s--has little or no be>+ ^u ! solution ( ! second problem--! ,bible p>allels4 ,:at does x matt] :e!r ! gods _h a vegetable or a sol> orig91 or arose1 z ,max ,mll] ?\ght1 f a disease ( language8 ,! all-important "q = ,*ri/ians is3 ,c any ( ^! possible orig9s po9t to a ,progressive ,revelation1 &1 if n1 h[ are we to acc\nt = ! ,bible p>allels8 ,,! ,,sun ,,z ,a ,,symbol4 ,suppose t1 :atev] ! ultimate orig9 may h be51 c]ta9 my?s conta9+ ! p>allels are1 z we "k !m1 sol> my?s 7& on ?is po9t my?ologi/s are n[ 9 complete accord72 h[ c a belief be1 at "o & ! same "t1 a sol> my? & also an allegory express+ a spiritual tru?8 ,! sun is ! object ( wor%ip1 & its app>5t movem5ts give rise to my?s conc]n+ ! bir?1 dea?1 & resurrection ( a ,savi\r4 #aca ,c we call ?is ,progressive ,revelation8 ,c]ta9ly1 ! apologi/s may reply2 is !re no bright ,sun ( ,righte\sness--no p]sonal & lov+ ,son ( ,god1 ( :om ! mat]ial sun has be5 ! type or symbol1 9 all ages & among all nations8 ,:at p[] is x t comes f ! sun to give light & heat to all creat$ ?+s8 ,if ! symbolical sun leads su* a great & heav5ly flock1 :at mu/ be said ( ! true & only begott5 ,son ( ,god8 ,if ,apollo 0 adopt$ by e>ly ,*ri/ian art z a type ( ! ,good ,%eph]d ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?is int]pretation ( ! sun-god among all nations mu/ be ! solution ( ! univ]sal my?os4 ,:at o!r solution c x h8 ,to :at o!r hi/orical p]sonage b ,*ri/ c x apply8 ,if ?is my?os has no spiritual mean+1 all religion becomes m]e idolatry1 or ! wor%ip ( mat]ial ?+s4 #acb ,w ?is sort ( reason+ satisfy ! av]age man8 ,to beg9 )1 ! sun-wor%ipp]s !mselves _h no idea t ! sun 01 z is n[ alleg$1 ! symbol ( a great ,tru?4 ,! sun1 or _! conception ( ! sun z a div9e p]son 9 a blaz+ c>1 0 ! object ( _! wor%ip4 ,:at a wa/e ( wor%ip = ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( ye>s6--wor%ip t might h be5 c5tr$ ^u ! true ,god4 ,ev5 n[1 nigh on #b1jjj ye>s aft] ,god 0 pleas$ at la/ to reveal ,himself1 z we are told1 to all mank9d1 ! great] portion d n "k ,him1 or !y d5y ,him4 ,if ,god int5d$ ! sun to be a symbol ( ,*ri/1 :y h we nev] be5 told ?is be=e8 ,:y ev5 n[ is x only put =w>d by a c]ta9 s*ool ( apologi/s 9 co/ly books t few w ev] set _! eyes ^u8 ,x is notewor?y1 too1 t ! horrors t accompani$ ! wor%ip ( ?is same bright ,sun are discreetly kept 9 ! backgr\nd by ^! advocates ( ! symbol !ory4 #e4 ,conclud+ ,rem>ks on ,*ri/ian & ,anti-,*ri/ian ,!ories4 ,if ,progressive ,revelation be true1 x is ! mo/ m>vell\s pro( ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity--f> ! greate/ pro( t has ev] yet be5 pres5t$ to u4 ,f> great]1 = in/ance1 ?an ! prophecies ( ^? s-call$ prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :o1 x n[ transpires1 7 only anticipat+ or describ+ ev5ts ( _! own times4 ,x is su* a pro( z ,*ri/ianity is 9 dire ne$ ( j n[--a pro( t w save h] f a p]il :i* e h\r br+s ne>]4 ,:y1 !n1 d we he> s little ( ?is great discov]y f ! pulpit8 #acc ,h[ comes x t x is discov]$ s _m ye>s aft] ! fulfilm5t ( ^! unconsci\s prophecies ( ! pagans8 ,:y is x produc$ m]ely to confute ! sceptic & re/ore confid5ce to t inf9itesimally small numb] :o happ5 to h /udi$1 & !re=e to h _h _! suspicions ar\s$ by1 ,comp>ative ,my?ology8 ,we are to believe t ,god reveal$ ,himself by an exce$+ly sl[ & pa9ful process1 ext5d+ ov] ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & entail+ ! mo/ horrible cu/oms among savages4 ,?is process1 m>k y1 n only l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity z ! _w became m civilis$1 b to ! e/abli%m5t ( ^? o!r great religions :i* to ?is day are ho/ile to ! reception ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,simple-m9d$ p w nev] be induc$ to agree t revelation c be progressive 9 ! mann] n[ indicat$ to u by ! apologi/4 ,r !y w agree ) ! nationali/1 :o d5ies ! orig9ality ( ,*ri/ianity1 cont5d+ t x is a cult :i* adopt$1 /ep by /ep1 ! my/]ies1 ! miracles1 & ! my?s ( ! popul> ,g5tile religions4 ,"s free?9k]s1 inde$1 g s f> z to say t ! :ole ,gospel /ory is no?+ m ?an a my?2 b ! great] numb] consid] t !re is a sub/ratum ( tru?1 & t r\nd ?is h sl[ly ga!r$ ! religi\s ideas & doctr9es t 7 curr5t 9 ! old pagan _w4 ,! precise mann] 9 :i*1 !y conjecture1 ! trans=mation actually took place is a l>ge subject1 & !re are diff]5ces ( op9ion--e4g41 "s are incl9$ to ?9k t ,ess5ism1 o!rs t ,mi?raism1 play$ a lead+ "p2 b ! po9t to be borne 9 m9d is t !re is no difficulty :atev] 9 und]/&+ h[ ! absorption ( my?s c\ld h tak5 place1 or h[ ! ,*ri/ian cult c\ld h aris5 & prosp]$4 ,i especially m5tion ?is1 z "s apologi/s argue t !re 0 n suffici5t "t = hea!n accretions betwe5 ! dea? ( ,jesus & ! writ+ ( ! ,gospels4 ,i c only reit]ate ! rem>k ( ! well-kn[n pr(essor ( ,*ur* hi/ory1 ,dr4 ,h>nack3 ,we "k t ! ,gospels come f a "t 9 :i* ! m>vell\s may be said to h be5 some?+ ( almo/ daily occurr5ce4 ,we n[ "k t em95t p]sons h n to wait until !y h be5 long dead1 or ev5 = sev]al ye>s1 to h miracles report$ ( !m2 !y are report$ at once1 (t5 ! v next day4 ,also1 ,i %\ld call att5tion to ! notes on ,ess5ism & ,mi?raism at ! close ( ?is *apt]1 z !y conta9 ! answ] to ?is f9al objection4 ,b1 p]sonally1 ,i fail to see h[ ! "t objection c 9 any case be ma9ta9$ :5 we rememb] t ! :ole _w _h already be5 conv]sant = ages pa/ ) /ories ( suff]+ ,savi\rs1 simil> 9 all ess5tials to ! ,gospel n>ratives4 ,besides1 we "k t docum5ts h be5 tamp]$ ) m or less 7! sceptic says m1 ! apologi/ less71 & t ! composition ( ! ,gospels took place _m ye>s aft] ! ev5ts !y purport to describe2 :ile ! age 0 "o :5 m5 7 extremely cr$ul\s1 & :51 consci\sly & unconsci\sly1 impos+ ^u ?is cr$ulity 0 ! ord9>y me?od ( propagat+ a ,fai?4 ,,argum5t ,,f ,,ess5ism4 ,reg>d+ ! difficulty ( suppos+ t ,jesus or ! ,evangeli/s c\ld h be5 imbu$ ) any sun-my? ideas1 we mu/ take into consid]ation ! exi/5ce at t "t ( ! ,jewi% sect1 ! ,ess5es4 ,x seems q possible t !y consid]$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? to be ! ,messiah !y 7 expect+1 & t !y came ov] to ,*ri/ianity 9 a body4 ,?is mona/ic bro!rhood1 liv+ 9 settlem5ts 9 ! des]t we/ ( ! ,dead ,sea--i4e41 )9 a day's j\rney ( ,be?lehem & ,j]usalem--n only plac$ love ( ,god1 ( goodness1 & ( man z articles 9 _! programme1 b also s\ght ) wond]ful en]gy1 accord+ to _! lights1 to realise !m 9 _! life4 ,buns5 assures u 7p4 #aeh ( 8 ,angel-,messiah71 & furni%es /rong gr\nds = 8 op9ion1 t ! ,ess5es introduc$ ! new doctr9e ( an ,angel-,messiah1 & ) x ! doctr9e ( ! aton+ dea? ( ! ,messiah1 into ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,canon ,*eyne likewise places !m among ! numb] ( ^? :o prep>$ ! way = ! new _w-religion4 ,?is seems to h be5 ! v reason ( _! disappe>ance 9 ! second c5tury ,a4,d4--,*ri/ianity dissolv$ !m4 ,s mu* s t ! ,ess5es 7(t5 call$ ,!rapeut or heal]s7 are id5tifi$ by ,eusebius ) ! ,*ri/ian monks1 & ?is op9ion 0 g5]ally adopt$ by ! ,fa!rs 7see *ap1 xvii41 bk4 ii41 p4 #aag1 ( ,! ,*ur* ,hi/ory ( ,eusebius1 translat$ by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,giffert1 "u ! editorial sup]vision ( ,h5ry ,wace1 ,d4,d41 & ,philip ,s*aff1 ,d4,d474 ,f a p]usal ( ! article on ! ,ess5es 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica1 x w be se5 t ,ess5ism is n a purely ,jewi% product1 b t ,p]sian & ,babylonian influ5ce may reasonably be admitt$4 ,ori5tal influ5ces 71 ,canon ,*eyne in=ms u1 s to speak1 9 ! air1 & x is probable t ! belief 9 ! resurrection 0 n ! only great debt :i* ,jewi% religioni/s ow$ to ,zoroa/rians4 ,bi%op ,lightfoot describes ! ,ess5es z sun-wor%ipp]s4 ,is !re1 !n1 no likelihood ( ,jesus & ,8 disciples be+ famili> ) ! ideas ( sun-wor%ipp]s8 ,b1 x may be urg$1 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 oppos$ to ,ess5ic doctr9es 9 ! matt] ( asceticism4 ,true2 b1 9 "o way1 ?is makes ! case = ! absorption ( ,ess5ic ideas all ! /rong]1 = x w\ld acc\nt = ! /range fact t ! ,*ri/ians approv$ ( asceticism 9 spite ( _! own ,ma/]'s example to ! contr>y4 ,i d n wi% to press ?is anti-,*ri/ian !ory fur!r ?an to say t x appe>s to me t1 among o!rs1 x is "o des]v+ ( consid]ation4 ,presum+ t 9 ,jesus ! ,apo/les 7 confront$ ) a p]sonality ( ov]:elm+ attractiv5ess & p[] ( appeal to !mselves1 _! language c be int]pret$ ?r\gh\t z _! attempt to exp\nd & pass on _! exp]i5ce to ! _w4 ,9 ?is attempt !y 7 naturally driv5 to employ su* conceptions z 7 curr5t 9 _! day1 & notably ^? ( ,messianic anticipations & ,greek philosophy4 ,assum+ t ! ,gospels are )\t any important int]polations1 & t ! au?ors are ! ,evangeli/s1 ev5 !n ! p>tial ins]tion ( sol>-my?s w\ld n necess>ily be tantam\nt to any consci\s di%one/y on ! "p ( ! ,evangeli/s2 x only po9ts to _! impregnation ) ! ,jewi% beliefs1 su* z ^? ( ! ,ess5es1 t 7 ar\nd !m4 ,if ?is !ory be correct1 ! difficulty aris+ f ! %ortness ( ! "t betwe5 ! ,resurrection & ! writ+ ( ! ,gospels vani%es1 s9ce accretions ( a lat] date w\ld no long] be ! sole cause = ! ev5ts record$ by ! ,evangeli/s becom+ inextricably entw9$ ) my?ical beliefs4 ,,argum5t ,,f ,,mi?raism4 ,?is argum5t is fully develop$ 9 ,"p ,,iii4 ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson's book1 ,pagan ,*ri/s1 f :i* ! foll[+ are quotations3 ,mi?raism 0 9 po9t ( range ! mo/ ne>ly univ]sal religion ( ! ,we/]n _w 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,z to ?is /ud5ts are agre$4 ,"h ,mr4 ,rob]tson gives 9 a footnote a =midable array ( au?orities4 ,to ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 we %all see4 ,mi?raism 0 a mo/ s]i\s ?orn 9 ! fle%2 & ! monum5tal rema9s ( ! ,roman p]iod1 9 almo/ all p>ts ( ! empire1 %[ its extraord9>y ext5sion4 ,mr4 ,rob]tson po9ts out t !re are a numb] ( monum5ts 9 hon\r ( ,mi?ra 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,italy1 ,g]many1 & 9 _m ,m$it]ranean ports4 ,he !n proce$s to give u "s exce$+ly important in=mation reg>d+ ,mi?raism1 out ( :i* ,i select ! foll[+ extracts = ! m p>ticul> att5tion ( ,*ri/ians3-- ,we h ! culture ( ,mi?ra z ! ,sun-god1 ! deity ( light & tru?1 creat$ by1 & yet co-equal )1 ! ,supreme ,deity1 & fight+ on ! side ( ! good aga9/ ! evil p[]1 ,angra-,ma9yu 7,ahriman7--?is at a p]iod long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4444 ,mi?ra comes to occupy a s+ul> position z betwe5 ! two great p[]s ( good & evil1 ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 be+ actually nam$ ! ,m$iator1 & figur+ to ! dev\t eye z a humane & b5efic5t ,god1 ne>] to man ?an ! ,great ,_s ( ,good1 a ,savi\r1 a ,r$eem]1 et]nally "y1 son ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 & pres]v] ( mank9d f ! ,evil ,"o4444 ,! fir/ day ( ! week1 ,sunday1 0 app>5tly f "t immemorial consecrat$ to ,mi?ra by ! ,mi?rai/s2 & z ! ,sun-god 0 pre-em95tly '! ,"l1' ,sunday 0 ! ',"l's ,day' long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4444 ,we h "s exact in=mation z to ! two *ief ,mi?raic c]emonies or fe/ivals1 ^? ( ,*ri/mas & ,ea/]1 ! w9t] sol/ice & ! v]nal equ9ox1 ! bir?day ( ! ,sun-god1 & ! p]iod ( 8 sacrifice & 8 triumph4444 ,!re 7 9 antiquity1 we "k f ,porphyry1 sev]al elaborate treatises sett+ =? ! religion ( ,mi?ra2 & e "o ( ^! has be5 de/roy$ by ! c>e ( ! ,*ur*4444 ,( c\rse1 we are told t ! ,mi?raic rites & my/]ies are borr[$ & imitat$ f ,*ri/ianity4 ,! refutation ( ?is notion1 z has be5 po9t$ out by ,m4 ,havet1 lies 9 ! language ( ^? ,*ri/ian fa!rs :o spoke ( ,mi?raism4 ,?ree ( !m1 z we h se51 speak ( ! ,mi?raic resemblances to ,*ri/ian rites z be+ ! "w ( devils4 ,n[1 if ! ,mi?rai/s _h simply imitat$ ! hi/oric ,*ri/ians1 ! obvi\s c\rse = ! latt] w\ld be simply to say s4444 ,! ,mi?raic my/]ies1 !n1 ( ! burial & resurrection ( ! ,"l1 ! ,m$iator1 ! ,savi\r2 burial 9 a rock tomb & resurrection f ! tomb2 ! sacram5t ( bread & wat]1 ! m>k+ on ! =ehead ) a my/ic m>k--all ^! 7 9 practice be=e ! publication ( ! ,*ri/ian ,gospel4444 ,nor 0 ?is all4 ,firmicus in=ms u t ! devil1 9 ord] to leave no?+ undone = ! de/ruction ( s\ls1 _h be=eh& resort$ to deceptive imitations ( ! ,cross ( ,*ri/4444 ,/ill fur!r does ! p>allel hold4 ,x is well kn[n t1 :]eas 9 ! ,gospels ,jesus is said to h be5 born 9 an inn-/able1 e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 z ,ju/9 ,m>tyr & ,orig51 explicitly say he 0 born 9 a cave4 ,n[1 9 ! ,mi?ra my?1 ,mi?ra is bo? rock-born & born 9 a cave2 & ! monum5ts %[ ! new-born babe ador$ by %eph]ds :o (f] fir/-fruits4444 ,n[1 h[ev]1 arises ! great "q4 ,h[ came su* a cultus to die out ( ! ,roman & ,byzant9e ,empire aft] mak+ its way s f>1 & hold+ its gr\nd s long8 ,! answ] to t "q has nev]1 ,i ?9k1 be5 fully giv51 & is = ! mo/ "p utt]ly evad$1 ?\gh "p ( x has be5 sugge/$ (t5 en\gh4 ,! tru? is ,mi?raism 0 n ov]?r[n2 x 0 m]ely trans=m$4444 ,?\gh ,mi?raism _h _m attractions1 ,*ri/ianity _h m1 hav+ s$ul\sly copi$ e "o ( its rivals & develop$ special features ( its own4444 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian leg5d ! ,god 0 humanis$ 9 ! mo/ lit]al way2 & = ! multitude ! concrete deity mu/ ne$s replace ! ab/ract4 ,! ,gospels gave a lit]al /ory3 ,! ,div9e ,man 0 a c>p5t]1 & ate & drank ) ! poore/ ( ! poor4444 ,gradually ! v idea ( allegory di$ out ( ! ,*ri/ian intellig5ce2 & prie/s z well z p came to take ev]y?+ lit]ally & concretely4444 ,?is 0 ! religion = ! ,d>k ,ages4444 ,byzant9es & b>b>ians alike 7 held by lit]alism1 n by ! un9telligible3 = bo? alike ! symbol _h to become a feti%2 & = ! ,d>k ,ages ! symbol ( ! cross 0 mu* m plausibly appeal+ ?an t ( ! god slay+ ! zodiacal bull4444 ,a ,mi?rai/ c\ld turn to ! ,*ri/ian wor%ip & f9d 8 ma9 rites unimpair$1 light5$ only ( ! burd5 ( initiative au/]ities1 /ripp$ ( ! old obscure my/icism1 & ) all ?+s turn$ to ! lit]al & ! concrete1 9 sympa?y ) ! wan+ ( k & philosophy ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,b ,i mu/ n[ close ^! quotations1 apologis+ to ,mr4 ,rob]tson = mak+ su* a free use ( 8 book1 & advis+ my read]s to /udy x4 ,!y w f9d t 8 facts are reliable2 !y are all back$ by ! highe/ au?orities1 h[ev] mu* ! conclusions drawn f !m may1 at pres5t1 be a matt] ( op9ion4 ,suffice x to say "h t ! co9cid5ces betwe5 ,mi?raism & ,*ri/ianity are indescribably m>vell\s1 & require fur!r explanation1 if ,mr4 ,rob]tson's !ory ( ! absorption ( ! =m] by ! latt] be n v l>gely true4 ,:atev] ! sub/ratum ( real hi/ory may be1 !re is no d\bt t !re 0 e opportunity = an e>ly absorption ( ,mi?raism1 & e probability t x took place to an ext5t :i* ?r[s a new flood ( light ^u _m ,*ri/ian doctr9es4 ,! fir/ six c5turies 7 *>act]is$ by fi]ce controv]sies z to ! mo/ fundam5tal v]ities ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 by ! :olesale introduction ( adult conv]ts1 :o br\ght ) !m hea!n & ,jewi% habits ( ?\ght1 & :o 7 9 _m cases ( a l[ type ( civilisation2 & ! adult]ation ( ! ,gospel 0 fur!r facilitat$ by ! purely nom9al adhesion ( p]sons anxi\s to /& well ) ! fir/ ,*ri/ian ,emp]ors4 ,! p]iod 0 "o ( incessant f]m5tation & ( rapid & cont9u\s *ange4 ,^! are n ! words ( ,mr4 ,rob]tson1 nor ( any o!r free?9k]1 b are an extract f ! resolution adopt$ by ! ,*ur* ,association 9 connection ) ! appeal by ,dean ,wace & o!rs to ! au?ority ( ! ,fir/ ,six ,c5turies4 ,:at a p]iod to appeal to6 ,:5 we "k :at we d ( ! cr$ulity & ! me?ods ( ^? ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 h[ c any rational be+ place 9 !m any confid5ce :atsoev]8 ,:at /eps d ! ,*ur*es propose to take conc]n+ ^! disclosures8 ,w !y proclaim f ! pulpit _! new !ory ( a ,progressive ,revelation1 or w !y by _! sil5ce ev9ce _! own want ( fai? 9 ?is preci\s !ory1 & all[ ! /orm ( unbelief sl[ly to ga!r =ce until x bur/s & ov]:elms ! ,*ri/ian belief8 ,k ( ! facts1 s ably discuss$ by ,mr4 ,rob]tson1 w soon be widely dissem9at$4 ,let !re be no mi/ake on ?is po9t4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 are "s in/ructive passages appe>+ on page #dif ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,septemb]1 #aije3-- ,x has be5 truly obs]v$ t ! recov]y1 only p>tial z x is1 ( ! hi/ory ( ?is religion ! ,mi?raic is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable triumphs ( hi/orical & antiqu>ian rese>*4 ,orig9at+ 9 ,p]sia1 x 0 spread ?r\gh ! ,roman ,empire by poor & humble conv]ts1 :o 7 at fir/ ma9ly soldi]s2 b gradually1 l ,*ri/ianity1 x p]meat$ all ranks1 & its temples are f\nd scatt]$ ov] ! :ole civilis$ _w1 f ,babylon to ! hills ( ,scotl&4 ,j z ! religion ( ,isis did1 x resembl$ t ( ,*ri/ 9 be+ a religion ( inw>d hol9ess1 ( au/]e self-discipl9e & purity2 b ! details ( its resemblance are incomp>ably m close & curi\s4 ,! briefe/ sket* ( ! matt] is all t c be attempt$ "h4 ,accord+ to ,mi?raic !ology1 ,god consid]$ 9 ,8 totality is a ,be+ s inf9ite & s transc5d5t t ,8 direct connection ) man & ! univ]se is inconceivable4 ,9 ord] to become ! fa!r ( man & creator1 ,he manife/$ ,himself 9 a second p]sonality--namely1 ,mi?ra1 :o 0 9 8 cosmic "* id5tifi$ ) ! 'unconqu]$ sun1' &1 z a moral & intellectual ,be+1 0 ! ,div9e ,^w or ,reason1 &1 9 m s5ses ?an "o1 '! m$iator' betwe5 man & ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,life on e>?1 accord+ to ! ,mi?raic doctr9e1 is = man a "t ( trial4 ,! ,_s ( ,evil1 8 adv]s>y1 is always seek+ to de/roy him--to cru% him ) pa9 & sorr[1 or to /a9 8 s\l ) concupisc5ce2 b 9 all 8 /ruggles ,mi?ra is at h& to aid him1 & w at ! la/ day be at once 8 judge & advocate1 :5 ! graves give up _! dead1 :5 ! j are sep>at$ f ! unju/1 :5 ! sav$ are welcom$ l *ildr5 into et]nal bliss1 & ! lo/ are consum$ 9 ! fire prep>$ = ! ,devil & 8 angels4 ,?is ,div9e ,savi\r came into ! _w z an infant4 ,8 fir/ wor%ipp]s 7 %eph]ds2 & ! day ( ,8 nativity 0 ,decemb] #be?4 ,8 foll[]s prea*$ a sev]e & rigid morality1 *ief among _! virtues be+ temp]ance1 *a/ity1 r5unciation1 & self-control4 ,!y kept ! sev5? day holy1 & ! middle day ( ea* mon? 0 a special fea/ ( ,mi?ra1 :i* symbolis$ 8 function ( ,m$iator4 ,!y _h sev5 sacram5ts1 ( :i* ! mo/ important 7 baptism1 confirmation1 & a ,eu*>i/ic supp]1 at :i* ! communicants p>took ( ! div9e nature ( ,mi?ra "u ! species ( bread & w9e4 ,,evolution ,*apt] ,v4 ,,irreconcilable ,,difficulties ,,connect$ ,,) ,,evolution #a4 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,evolution4 ,g5]al views ( ! developm5t or evolution ( ! visible ord] ( nature h be5 ent]ta9$ by philosoph]s f ! e>lie/ hi/orical times4 ,!re 7 pione]s ( ,evolution f ,?ales to ,lucretius 7#fjj ,b4,c4-#ej ,a4,d474 ,! inquiry 0 !n arre/$ = ne>ly sixte5 hundr$ ye>s--t is1 until ! r5asc5ce ( ,sci5ce4 ,z k1 9 spite ( ecclesia/ical disc\ragem5t1 aga9 sl[ly advanc$1 ! sci5ce ( biology ga9$ 9 /r5g?1 & ! "w ( ,l9nu1 ,buffon1 ,lam>ck1 ,erasmus ,d>w91 & o!rs1 pav$ ! way = t mod]n !ory ( ,evolution :i* ,d>w91 ,wallace1 ,sp5c]1 ,huxley1 & ,haeckel h demon/rat$ to u4 ,?is doctr9e ( ,evolution is no long] a m]e speculative !ory1 possibly or probably true1 b an e/abli%$ fact accept$ by ! :ole sci5tific _w ) h>dly a s+le diss5ti5t voice4 ,we "k t ev]y?+ z x n[ exi/s is ! product ( ,evolution--! sol> sy/em1 ! e>?1 all l[] =ms ( life1 & la/ly man1 toge!r ) 8 languages1 arts1 sci5ces1 !ology1 social habits1 in/9cts1 &1 accord+ to _m high au?orities1 morals1 consci5ce1 & consci\sness4 ,yes1 man1 p]fect z he may appe> to u1 is /ill n a be+ ap>t 9 nature1 b by 8 :ole organisation is cont9u\s ) ! o!r zoological species4 ,an?ropology1 prop]ly s-call$1 is1 9 fact1 m]ely a *apt] ( zoology4 ,! homological /ructure ( man1 8 embryological developm5t1 & ! rudim5ts :i* he /ill reta9s1 all decl>e 9 ! pla9e/ possible mann] t he is desc5d$ f "s l[] =m4 ,he d]ives 8 moral s5se f ! social feel+s :i* are in/9ctive or innate 9 ! l[] animals4 #acd ,x is 9 ! special s5se ( expla9+ h[ liv+ ?+s came into be+1 & h[ !y h acquir$ _! pres5t *>act]s1 t ! tea*+ ( ,evolution appe>s to be mo/ 9 conflict ) t ( ! ,*ur*es & ! ,bible4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ?is aspect ( ,evolution ) :i* we are "h *iefly conc]n$1 & we may rememb] t1 s9ce ,*>les ,d>w9 publi%$ 8 ,orig9 ( ,species 7#ahei7 & ,desc5t ( ,man 7#ahga71 8 ma9 conclusions h be5 confirm$ by e bran* ( an?ropological rese>*--by palontology1 zoology1 comp>ative anatomy1 physiology1 pa?ology1 t]atology1 psy*ology1 & m especially by embryology1 a sci5ce 9 :i* !re has be5 a rem>kable progress dur+ ! pa/ ?irty ye>s4 ,pr(essor ,haeckel po9ts out on page #bd ( 8 important "w1 ,! ,evolution ( ,man 7translat$ by ,joseph ,mc,cabe71 t ev5 :5 human anatomy began to /ir itself once m 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & indep5d5t rese>* into ! /ructure ( ! develop$ body 0 resum$1 anatomi/s did n d>e to ext5d _! inquiries to ! un=m$ body1 ! embryo1 & its developm5t4 ,!re 7 _m reasons = ! prevail+ horror ( su* /udies4 ,x is natural en\gh1 :5 we rememb] t a ,bull ( ,boniface ,,viii4 excommunicat$ e man :o v5tur$ to dissect a human corpse4 ,if ! dissection ( a develop$ body 7 a crime to be ?us puni%$1 h[ mu* m dreadful mu/ x h seem$ to deal ) ! embryonic body /ill enclos$ 9 ! womb1 :i* ! ,creator ,himself _h dec5tly veil$ f ! curiosity ( ! sci5ti/4 ,palontology is ano!r v "y sci5ce t has contribut$ greatly t[>ds ! evid5ce ( our orig94 ,pr(essor ,huxley in=ms u1 9 8 essay on ,! ,rise & ,progress ( ,palontology1 t ! fir/ adequate inve/igation ( ! fossil rema9s ( any l>ge gr\p ( v]tebrat$ animals dates f #ahbb1 & t 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s ! numb] ( kn[n fossil rema9s ( inv]tebrat$ animals has be5 trebl$ or quadrupl$4 ,fossils 7 at "o "t believ$ to h be5 s[n by ! devil1 ^: fell purpose 0 to ?r[ discr$it ^u ! ,bible /ory ( ,creation4 ,p]haps ?is pi\s op9ion may h _h some?+ to d ) ! sl[ progress ( palontology8 ,,d>w9ism4 ,to prev5t ! *ance ( any misund]/&+1 "s explanation may be necess>y = ! b5efit ( ^? :o are n 9 t\* ) sci5tific ?\ght1 & :o he> t ,d>w9ism is out ( date4 ,!y %\ld und]/& t1 al?\gh ! doctr9e ( ,evolution z appli$ to organic life us$ to be widely spok5 ( by ! t]m ,d>w9ism1 ! latt] is n[ only us$ by sci5ti/s 9 a special s5se1 to designate ! belief 9 ! gradual orig9 ( species by natural selection4 ,!re are "s :o deem ?is hypo!sis to be unt5able4 ,b !re is no dispute :atev] conc]n+ ! doctr9e ( ! d]ivation or desc5t1 ) modification1 ( all exi/+ species1 g5]a1 ord]s1 classes1 etc41 ( animals & plants1 f a few simple =ms ( life1 if n f "o4 ,mod]n evolution>y !ories1 h[ev]1 are m p>ticul>ly conc]n$ ) ! "q ( ! ways & means by :i* liv+ organisms h assum$ _! actual *>act]s or =ms1 & on ^! po9ts !re are _m %ades ( individual op9ion4 ,ignorance ( ! gi/ ( ! ,d>w9ian !ory1 natural selection1 #ace has be5 fruitful 9 misund]/&+s & objections reg>d+ x1 s t x is advisable to m5tion "h t ! au?or ( ! !ory /ates explicitly t x does n acc\nt = ! orig9 ( v>iations 9 individuals1 /ill less 9 species2 b t1 giv5 ! orig9ation & exi/5ce ( v>iations1 x %[s t "s ( ^! are pres]v$1 :ile o!rs are n--t fav\rable v>iations t5d to be p]petuat$1 & unfav\rable v>iations to become ext9ct2 t ^? v>iations :i* be/ adapt an organisation to its environm5t are mo/ fav\rable to its pres]vation1 &1 consequ5tly1 t ! !ory ( natural selection is adequate to expla9 ! obs]v$ fact ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,natural selection 444 implies t ! individuals :i* are be/ fitt$ = ! complex & *ang+ conditions to :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 !y are expos$1 g5]ally survive & procreate _! k9d4 #acf ,natural selection does n1 x may be add$1 imply consci\s selection4 ,x w\ld be equally true to call x natural murd]1 or natural we$+-out4 ,b1 :e!r ,d>w9 & ,weismann be "r or wrong 9 attribut+ s mu* to natural selection1 :at ,i wi% p>ticul>ly to po9t out is t ! hypo!sis ( ,evolution is n[ise invalidat$ because1 out ( ! v>i\s causes at "w1 we are n q sure z yet :i* is ! mo/ effici5t4 ,x is necess>y to make ?is cle>1 =1 he>+ t ,d>w9ism is "u dispute1 ! un9itiat$ might come to ! conclusion t ! animal orig9 ( man is discr$it$4 ,,! ,,av]age ,,p]son',s ,,ideas ,,on ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,man4 ,) b v few exceptions1 e biological /ud5t admits our animal orig94 ,! ideas ( mo/ p1 h[ev]1 on ?is subject are hazy 9 ! extreme1 & no wond]1 :5 ! /udy ( ,evolution has nev] be5 includ$ 9 _! s*ool curriculum4 ,m5 7& 9 v r>e cases wom57 pick up a few crumbs ( k conc]n+ ! sci5tific !ory ( _! orig91 & !n1 f want ( leisure or f religi\s motives1 or f v>i\s causes1 !y drop ! subject4 ,(t5 !y are put (f by ! dry details ( ! evid5ce & ! te*nical phrases be=e !y h obta9$ a real grip ( ! subject4 ,!y d n ev5 "k "s ( ! m simple & obvi\s pro(s :i* alone w\ld h suffic$ to conv9ce !m4 ,"o f9ds t m5's views conc]n+ ,evolution are col\r$ by ! op9ion prevail+ at ! "t :5 !y !mselves 7 once fa9tly int]e/$ 9 ! subject2 & ?us !re is1 at pres5t1 an in]tia ( ignorance1 due to ! misconceptions & prejudices ( old] g5]ations4 ,! op9ions ( our eld]s1 be+ =m$ on a rip] exp]i5ce1 v prop]ly enli/ our respect2 b1 un=tunately1 9 ?is in/ance !y are bas$ ^u false premises1 & s lead u a/ray4 ,p :o rememb] :5 ,d>w9 fir/ prop\nd$ 8 !ory1 & ! viol5t1 n to say virul5t1 opposition ) :i* x 0 receiv$ by ! ,*ur*1 only too (t5 rema9 9 blissful ignorance ( all t has s9ce transpir$4 ,x is q en\gh = !m t !y are erect1 tailless1 speak+1 reflect+ bip$s4 ,) attributes su* z ^!1 !y fondly imag9e t !y are sep>at$ f ! bea/ by a gulf t nei!r ,evolution nor any o!r !ory c\ld possibly bridge4 ,:atev] ! reasons may be--& !re are _m--! va/ majority ( ,*ri/ians n only rema9 woefully ignorant ( ,evolution1 b h no desire to le>n any?+ m ab\t x4 ,!y "k x is oppos$ to ,bible tea*+4 ,!y pref]1 z x has be5 well said1 to consid] !mselves fall5 angels r ?an elevat$ apes4 ,we are n1 h[ev]1 conc]n$ "h ) likes & dislikes1 b only ) ! tru? z f> z our reason all[s u to discov] x4 ,moreov]1 if x be object$ t we c take no pride 9 an animal ance/ry1 surely we may say ! same ( our savage ance/ry4 ,he :o has se5 a savage 9 8 native l& w n feel mu* %ame if =c$ to ackn[l$ge t ! blood ( "s m humble creature fl[s 9 8 ve9s4 ,= my own "p1 ,i w\ld z soon be desc5d$ f t h]oic little monkey1 :o brav$ 8 dread$ enemy 9 ord] to save ! life ( 8 keep]2 or f t old baboon1 :o1 desc5d+ f ! m\nta9s1 c>ri$ away 9 triumph 8 "y comrade f a cr[d ( a/oni%$ dogs1 z f a savage :o delights to torture 8 enemies1 (f]s up bloody sacrifices1 practises infanticide )\t remorse1 treats 8 wives l slaves1 kn[s no dec5cy1 & is haunt$ by ! grosse/ sup]/itions4 #acg ,we mu/ ackn[l$ge1 z x seems to me1 t man1 ) all 8 noble qualities1 ) sympa?y :i* feels = ! mo/ debas$1 ) b5evol5ce :i* ext5ds n only to o!r m51 b to ! humble/ liv+ creature1 ) 8 god-l intellect1 :i* has p5etrat$ into ! movem5t & con/itution ( ! sol> sy/em--) all ^! exalt$ p[]s--man /ill be>s 9 8 bodily frame ! indelible /amp ( 8 l[ly orig94 #ach ,,! ,,attitude ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,n[ let u consid] ! op9ions ( our spiritual guides4 ,at ! ,%rewsbury ,*ur* ,conf]5ce1 9 #ahif1 ,ar*bi%op ,temple said t1 9 8 op9ion1 ! full acceptance ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution w\ld prove a great help to ,*ri/ian ?\ght & ,*ri/ian life4 ,9 8 book1 ,! ,relations betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce1 he /ates t ! doctr9e ( ,evolution leaves ! argum5t = an intellig5t & b5efic5t ,creator & ,gov]nor ( ! _w /rong] ?an x 0 be=e4 ,a decade has pass$1 & /ill h[ few ,*ri/ians "k ( ?is help1 ( ?is /rong] argum5t6 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 address at ! ,weym\? ,*ur* ,conf]5ce 9 #aije1 ! ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/] admitt$ t ,d>w9's tea*+ on evolution & developm5t _h revolutionis$ our ideas ( ,god's action 9 nature4 ,if ?is be s1 h[ comes x t su* a va/ numb] ( ! pi\s /ill adh]e to ! old ideas8 ,is x n ! duty ( ! pa/or to educate 8 flock8 ,:at ideas ( ,god's action 9 nature are mission>ies ev5 n[ putt+ into ! heads ( _! conv]ts8 ,if we inquir$ ( ! av]age religioni/1 %\ld we f9d t 8 or h] ideas _h be5 revolutionis$8 ,n only are wor%ipp]s 9 ! ,h\se ( ,god kept 9 ignorance1 b !ological /ud5ts are di/9ctly w>n$ aga9/ ! full acceptance ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,= in/ance1 ,dr4 ,orr1 a pr(essor ( apologetics1 deliv]$ a c\rse ( lectures be=e ! pr(essors & /ud5ts ( ! ,pr9ceton ,!ological ,sem9>y 9 #aijc1 ! object ( :i* 0 to %[ ! dang]s t mu/ accrue to ! ,fai? if ! !ories ( ,d>w9 7 accept$ 9 _! entirety4 ,he /\tly d5i$ t man & woman 7 an evolution by sl[ /ages f creatures t _h gone be=e1 & ass]t$ t ! fir/ man came into be+1 z did ! fir/ woman1 by a special act ( creation4 ,un=tunately = ! validity ( 8 ass]tion he lab\rs "u ! delusion t sci5ce conc$es t man1 or any?+ l man1 _c be trac$ fur!r back ?an ! po/-glacial p]iod1 & t ! bra9 capacity & physical *>act]i/ics ( primeval man /ood on z high a level z ! av]age man ( to-day6 #aci ,9 a rec5tly-publi%$ lett]1 #adj writt5 by ,*>les ,k+sley to a correspond5t1 we read3 ,my own belief 9 ! g5]al tru? ( my fri5d ,d>w9's views--:i* deep5 day by day z ,i v]ify !m--has only giv5 me wid] & deep] & nobl] notions ( ,god's works 9 ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,he !n proce$s to illu/rate 8 own ?\ghts by a *>m+ little /ory ( a c]ta9 old hea!n ,khan1 :o 0 delight$ ) ! idea ( a ,god s wise t he made all ?+s make !mselves4 ,?is old ,khan & ,*>les ,k+sley ov]look an objection :i* to myself1 & to _m o!rs1 seems q insup]able--namely1 t a ,god s wise & m]ciful w\ld h se5 8 way to prev5t t frightful wa/efulness & cruelty :i* is "p & p>cel ( ! evolution>y process4 ,b m ( ?is difficulty anon4 ,to give ano!r example ( a cl]ical evolutioni/3 ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,s4 ,/reatfield1 vic> ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,hamp/ead1 on ,may #bbnd1 #aija1 read a pap] at ! ,s\?port ,conf]5ce on ,que/ions t ,mu/ be ,fac$1 9 :i* he conc$$ t ! fact ( ,evolution is n[ h>dly que/ion$ 9 ! sci5tific _w--"o might almo/ say 9 ! _w ( ?\ght4 ,he1 too1 is *>m$ ) ! new !ory1 = he says3 ,x is1 ,i suppose1 g5]ally agre$ t ! evolutioni/ has wor?i]1 m rational1 m truly philosophical views ( ! ,div9e ,w & ,action ?an ^? :o hold ! traditional !ory4 ,cl]ics ( 8 /amp & s*ool are n[ becom+ m outspok51 & admit _! convictions 9 public in/ead ( 9 writ+s t are likely to be se5 only by a select few4 ,only lately ! ,dean ( ,we/m9/]1 address+ a l>ge ga!r+ ( ,sunday-s*ool tea*]s1 told !m t ! idea t ! human species 0 sep>ately creat$ 0 giv5 up1 & ! fact ( man's desc5t f l[] organisms accept$4 ,:ile admir+ 8 c&\r1 "o _c help call+ to m9d t 9 #ahfj ,pr(essor ,huxley 0 utt]ly ridicul$ by erudite s*ol>s ( ! ,*ur* = mak+ a precisely simil> /atem5t4 ,betwe5 ^? :o accept & ^? :o entirely reject ,evolution !re are v>i\s %ades ( op9ion4 ,!re are ^? :o accept ev]y?+ %ort ( ! evolution ( c]ta9 m5tal faculties2 al?\gh /ud5ts ( comp>ative psy*ology n[ admit t ! intellectual faculties ( animals diff] f ^? 9 man 9 degree only1 n 9 _! ess5ce4 ,!re are ^? l ! ,rev4 ,john ,urquh>t1 au?or ( a bro*ure call$ ,rog]'s ,reasons1 :o seek to reconcile ! ,bible /ory ( creation ) ! ,evolution !ory1 al?\gh any su* int]pretation 0 put out ( c\rt long ago by ,pr(essor ,huxley's reply to ,mr4 ,glad/one4 #ada ,!re are ^? :o1 l ,dr4 ,torrey1 #adb p]si/ 9 altoge!r d5y+ our animal orig91 al?\gh !re is h>dly a s+le sci5ti/1 h>dly a s+le ?\ghtful man1 :o has /udi$ ! subject )\t bias1 :o believes any?+ else4 ,! numb] ( cl]gym5 :o op5ly admit ! tru? ( ,evolution is z yet comp>atively small4 ,! few :o d express _! op9ion op5ly1 pr(ess to be delight$ ) ! new light t has n[ be5 %$ ^u ,god's me?ods4 ,! "q arises1 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t we he> s little ab\t ,evolution f ! pulpit1 & t1 consequ5tly1 ! fai?ful are kept 9 ignorance ( ?is fre% revelation8 ,! answ] is obvi\s3 ,x is because ! advanc$ div9es h yet to educate _! congregations up to _! way ( ?9k+1 & ! process has1 = _m reasons1 to be conduct$ ) extreme caution4 ,!y "k full well t !y h a difficult & dang]\s task be=e !m2 t ^? :o accept ,evolution1 b are unable to accept _! op9ions conc]n+ its spiritual helpfulness1 w lapse into agno/icism4 ,!y also "k t _! views are n popul> ) cons]vative believ]s4 ,! *ief reason1 p]haps1 = pulpit retic5ce is t ! enorm\s majority 9 ! ,*ur* /ill rema9 ho/ile to ?is new doctr9e4 ,!y consid] x to be dang]\s1 & likely to unsettle p's m9ds4 ,possibly 9 _! inmo/ s\ls1 if !y h /udi$ ,evolution at all1 !y agree ) a c]ta9 di/+ui%$ essayi/ :o says3 ,a ,god :o c\ld h be5 delib]ately guilty ( !m 7! ,evolution>y processes7 w\ld be a ,god too absurd1 too mon/r\s1 too mad to be cr$ible4 #adc ,! cruelty ( ! law ( prey & /ruggle = exi/5ce1 & ! wa/efulness ( ,nature's arrangem5ts = ! reproduction ( life 7plant & animal alike71 d1 inde$1 appe> suffici5t w>rant = "s su* pa9ful impression2 :ile1 z if ?is 7 n en\gh1 !re is = ! ,*ri/ian ! additional difficulty ( reconcil+ ,evolution ) ! ,bible /ory ( ! ,creation & ,fall ( man4 ,^! v>i\s difficulties mu/ n[ be c>efully inve/igat$4 #b4 ,nature ,r$ 9 ,too? & ,claw4 ,d>w9 tells u t !re is no exception to ! rule t e organic be+ naturally increases at su* a high rate t1 if n de/roy$1 ! e>? w\ld soon be cov]$ by ! prog5y ( a s+le pair4 ,ev5 sl[-bre$+ man has d\bl$ 9 tw5ty-five ye>s1 & at ?is rate 9 less ?an a ?\s& ye>s !re w\ld lit]ally n be /&+ room = 8 prog5y4 #add ,i comm5d ?is passage to ! notice ( ,presid5t ,roosevelt & o!rs :o are s anxi\s t we %\ld obey ,god's comm& to ,noah1 & be fruitful & multiply1 & repl5i% ! e>?4 ,if all ! (fspr+ ( ! elephant1 ! sl[e/ bre$] kn[n1 surviv$1 !re w\ld be1 9 sev5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 ne>ly n9ete5 million elephants1 desc5d$ f ! fir/ pair4 ,if ! eight or n9e million eggs :i* ! roe ( a cod is said to conta91 develop$ into adult codfi%es1 ! sea w\ld quickly become a solid mass ( !m4 ,x is ! same ) ! plants4 ,! l[] organisms multiply ) an a/oni%+ rapidity1 "s m9ute fungi increas+ a billion-fold 9 a few h\rs4 ,b we ne$ n give fur!r examples ( ?is fecundity :]eby ,nature1 's c>eless ( ! s+le life1' secures ! race aga9/ ext9ction4 ,! result is obvi\s--a ceaseless /ruggle = food & place4 ,9 t /ruggle ! race is to ! swift1 & ! battle to ! /rong2 ! weak]1 be x 9 bra9 or body1 go+ to ! wall2 ! va/ majority nev] rea*+ maturity1 or1 if !y d1 atta9+ x only to be />v$ or sla94 ,z among m5 competition is %>p] betwe5 ^? ( ! same trade1 s ?r\gh\t ! organic _w ! /ruggle is less sev]e betwe5 diff]5t species ?an betwe5 memb]s ( ! same species1 because ^! compete m fi]cely = _! common ne$s--plants = ! same soil1 c>nivora = ! same prey4 #ade ,! problem ( evil has ex]cis$ ! m9d ( man f all "t1 & has nev] yet be5 solv$4 ,9 our own "t ! solution by !ology seems f>!r (f ?an ev]1 n[ t ! exi/5ce ( ! ,devil is d5i$1 :ile ! law ( prey & /ruggle = exi/5ce is admitt$ to be ! ,creator's own h&iwork--to be ,8 ,div9e plan = ! evolution ( all liv+ ?+s4 ,surely we mu/ admit ! inh]5t cruelty ( ! process8 ,pr(essor ,huxley1 9 an article on ! ,/ruggle = ,exi/5ce1 concludes t1 s9ce ?\s&s ( times a m9ute1 7 our e>s %>p en\gh1 we %\ld he> sighs & groans ( pa9 l ^? he>d by ,dante at ! gate ( hell n to m5tion :at we %\ld n he>--! angui% & t]ror borne 9 sil5ce1 ! _w _c be gov]n$ by :at we call b5evol5ce4 #adf ,w9wood ,reade1 9 8 /rik+ book1 ,! ,m>tyrdom ( ,man1 says3 ,b x is :5 we op5 ! ,book ( ,nature1 t book inscrib$ 9 blood & te>s2 x is :5 we /udy ! laws regulat+ life1 ! laws productive ( developm5t1 t we see pla9ly h[ illusive is ?is !ory t ,god is ,love4 ,9 all ?+s !re is cruel1 pr(ligate1 & ab&on$ wa/e4 ,( all ! animals t are born a few only c survive2 & x is ow+ to ?is law t developm5t takes place4 ,! law ( murd] is ! law ( gr[?4 ,life is "o long trag$y2 creation is "o great crime4 ,is x ! law ( a k9d ,creator t no animal %all rise to excell5ce except by be+ fatal to ! life ( o!rs8 ,x is useless to say t pa9 has its b5evol5ce1 t massacre has its m]cy4 ,:y is x s orda9$ t bad %\ld be ! raw mat]ial ( good8 ,pa9 is n less pa9 because x is useful2 murd] is n less murd] because x is conducive to developm5t4 ,!re is blood ^u ! h& /ill1 & all ! p]fumes ( ,arabia w n sweet5 x4 #adg ,rob]t ,blat*=d 7,nunquam71 9 8 book1 ,god & ,my ,neighb\r1 :i* has caus$ no little /ir ( late 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s1 speaks to ! same effect3 ,on l& & 9 sea ! animal creation *ase & maim & slay & dev\r ea* o!r4 ,! beautiful swall[ on ! w+ dev\rs ! equally beautiful gnat4 ,! graceful fly+ fi%1 l a fair :ite bird1 goes glanc+ above ! blue magnific5ce ( ! tropical seas4 ,8 flight is "o ( t]ror2 he is pursu$ by ! rav5\s dolph94 ,! i*neumon-fly lays eggs "u ! sk9 ( ! cat]pill>4 ,! eggs are hat*$ by ! w>m? ( ! cat]pill>'s blood4 ,!y produce a brood ( l>v :i* dev\r ! cat]pill> alive4444 ,a g]m flies f a /agnant pool1 & ! laugh+ *ild1 its "m's d>l+1 dies dreadfully ( diph!ria4 ,a tidal wave rolls l&-w>d1 & tw5ty ?\s& human be+s are dr[n$ or cru%$ to dea?4 ,a volcano bur/s sudd5ly into eruption1 & ! beautiful city is a heap ( ru9s1 & its inhabitants are *>r$ or mangl$ corpses4 ,& ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 :o is ,love & has p[] to save1 makes no sign4444 ,only man helps man4 ,only man pities2 only man tries to save4 ,b1 x may be said1 y are giv+ only ! "o side--! free?9k]'s side--( ! "q4 ,:at are ! ,*ri/ian evolutioni/'s replies to ^! t]rible attacks ^u our ,heav5ly ,fa!r8 ,y %all he> !m1 & judge = y\rself :e!r !y are likely to conv9ce ! multitude4 ,9 ! second *apt] ( 8 book on ,d>w9ism1 ,dr4 ,alfr$ ,russel ,wallace lays himself out to say all t c be said1 & a great deal t _c reasonably be said1 9 ext5uation ( ,god's plan4 ,he owns t1 to _m p]sons1 ,nature appe>s calm1 ord]ly1 & peaceful4 ,!y see ! birds s++ 9 ! trees1 ! insects hov]+ ov] ! fl[]s1 & all liv+ ?+s 9 ! possession ( heal? & 9 ! enjoym5t ( a sunny exi/5ce4 ,b !y d n see1 & h>dly ev] ?9k (1 ! means by :i* ?is beauty & h>mony & enjoym5t is br\ght ab\t4 ,!y d n see ! con/ant & daily se>* aft] food1 ! failure to obta9 :i* means weakness or dea?2 ! con/ant ef=t to escape enemies2 ! ev]-recurr+ /ruggle aga9/ ! =ces ( ,nature4 ,?is daily & h\rly /ruggle1 ?is incessant w>f>e1 is1 nev]!less1 ! v means by :i* mu* ( ! beauty & h>mony & enjoym5t 9 ,nature is produc$1 & also af=ds "o ( ! mo/ important elem5ts 9 br++ ab\t ! orig9 ( ! species4 ,aft] %[+ t ! /ruggle = exi/5ce has prov$ a /umbl+-block 9 ! way ( ^? :o w\ld fa9 believe 9 ! all-wise & b5evol5t ,rul] ( ! univ]se1 he goes on to say t all ?is is greatly exagg]at$2 t ! suppos$ torm5ts & mis]ies ( animals h little real exi/5ce1 b are ! reflection ( ! imag9$ s5sations ( cultivat$ m5 & wom5 "u simil> circum/ances2 & t ! am\nt ( actual suff]+ caus$ by ! /ruggle = exi/5ce among animals is altoge!r insignificant4 ,space1 & a consid]ation = a possibly impati5t read]1 prev5t my wad+ ?r\gh ! paltry reasons he proce$s to br+ =w>d 9 ord] to try to prove t pa9 is n pa91 & t ! less degree ( pa9 suff]$ by an animal or a savage is an excuse = its infliction4 ,! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,fl9t's book on ,!ism #adh is mu* patronis$ by ! ,*ur* z an apologetic book ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,! ,pr(essor tries to %[ 7p4 #bjd7 t1 al?\gh ! process ( developm5t involves privation1 pa91 & conflict1 x is subs]vi5t to ! noble/ end1 because ! f9al result is1 z he alleges1 ord] & beauty4 ,all ! p]fections ( s5ti5t creatures are1 he owns1 due to ?is pa9ful process4 ,?r\gh x ! lion has ga9$ its /r5g?1 ! de] its spe$1 ! dog its sagacity4 ,! suff]+ :i* ! conflict involves may indicate t ,god has made ev5 animals = "s high] end ?an happ9ess--t ,he c>es = animals' p]fection z well z = animals' enjoym5t4 ,! ends are em95tly wor?y ( a ,div9e intellig5ce4 ,! ,pr(essor does n expla9 :y1 to p>aphrase "o ( ,mr4 ,l[es ,dick5son's sage rem>ks1 ! less p]fectly evolv$ g5]ations %\ld be sacrific$ 9 ord] t future g5]ations may be heirs ( an une>n$ increm5t4 ,myself1 ,i fail to see t ev5 ! ends1 :atev] !y may happ5 to be--& !y appe> di/9ctly nebul\s--c ev] ju/ify ! cruel means2 & ,i feel sure t our dumb fell[-creatures1 ! pr9cipal p>ties conc]n$1 w\ld agree ) me1 _h !y ! p[] ( reflection & spee*4 ,h[ c !y1 h[ c we1 pr(ess to approve ( a plan t br+s only unhapp9ess 9 its tra98 ,suppose x 7 necess>y 9 ord] to give m happ9ess 9 an aft]-life1 ! creature might meekly wond] :y he or %e _h fir/ to suff] pa91 b c\ld imag9e1 z ! pi\s imag9e1 t x mu/ be = "s good purpose4 ,does ,dr4 ,fl9t mean to say t !re is an aft]-life = all liv+ ?+s8 ,! le>n$ ,pr(essor tries to expla9 pa9 away by describ+ its pres]vative use4 ,he says 7p4 #bdf73 ,7 animals insusceptible ( pa91 !y w\ld be 9 cont9ual p]il4 ,t w\ld c]ta9ly spoil ! evolution>y ,creator's plans2 b x h>dly excuses ,8 me?ods4 ,pr(essor ,fl9t1 h[ev]1 argues t1 ?\gh pa9 is n an end 9 itself1 x is a means to an end1 & its end is a b5evol5t "o4 ,h[1 ,i ask does x pr(it ! creature itself to become ev] s graceful 9 appe>ance1 ev] s p]fect 9 m9d & body1 if x is only to gratify its ,mak]1 :o has an end 9 view ) :i* x is 9 no wise itself conc]n$1 & to atta9 :i* inf9ite pa9 has to be endur$8 ,:i* w\ld y or ,i r be--lovely & unhappy1 or ugly & happy8 ,!re is ano!r ( ^! attempts to relieve d\bt :i* ,i %\ld l to br+ to notice4 ,! little book entitl$ ,9 ,relief ( ,d\bt1 by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,wel%1 highly recomm5d$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,london1 & "o ( ! books select$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,evid5ce ,society = _! exam9ation 9 ,m>*1 #aijg1 is quot$ f by ,dr4 ,w>s*au] #adi :5 refut+ ,mr4 ,blat*=d's rem>ks on ! cruelty ( ,nature4 ,dr4 ,w>s*au] selects ! passage :]e ,mr4 ,wel% says 7p4 #ajc73 ,we probably ov]/ate ! actual angui% ( ! l[] creatures1 imag9+ t !y are bundles ( s5sitive n]ves & quick bra9s l our own1 & t !y !re=e h our s5sibility to pa94 ,a trodd5 worm wri!s1 & we cr$it x ) all ! pa9 t ! foot ( a ,brobd+nag w\ld inflict on a delicate *ild "u 8 heel4 ,n[1 ,i am q sure we cr$it no su* ?+4 ,if we did1 we1 & especially ! ,isaak ,waltons among u1 w\ld be p]fect mon/]s ( cruelty4 ,m>k1 too1 h[ ,messrs4 ,wel% & ,w>s*au] c>efully select = _! illu/ration a worm--"o ( ! l[ly organis$ inv]tebrates6 ,i may m5tion t ,dr4 ,w>s*au]'s book 0 p>ticul>ly recomm5d$ to me by a well-read cl]ic1 :o ?\ght t x 0 an admirable & complete refutation ( ,mr4 ,blat*=d's argum5ts4 ,dr4 ,w>s*au] w h>dly advance 8 cause by transp>5tly omitt+ all m5tion ( ! high] animals1 or ( t bundle ( n]ves call$ man4 ,nor w ! av]age man agree ) ,pr(essor ,wallace t x is difficult ev5 to imag9e a sy/em by :i* a great] balance ( happ9ess c\ld h be5 secur$4 ,0 x1 = example1 impossible = ,god to h decre$ t s5ti5t life %\ld fe$ only on non-s5ti5t life8 ,c\ld ,he n h br\ght ab\t developm5t )\t all ?is t]rible /ruggle8 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ,messrs4 ,w>s*au] & ,wallace mu/ n only h _h a p>ticul>ly good "t !mselves 9 ?is _w1 b mu/ h purposely %ut _! eyes to ! mis]y all r\nd !m4 ,if !y _h to *ange places ) a w\nd$ ,russian or ,japanese wri?+ 9 agony on ! battlefield1 ,i wond] :e!r _! optimism w\ld /& ! te/8 ,! brave/ ( u %udd] at ! idea ( be+ buri$ alive1 & yet ?is 0 j ! v fate ( _m a poor fell[ 9 t truly t]rible w>4 ,n t man did n d 8 utmo/4 ,"o by "o ! dead & injur$ 7 c>efully & t5d]ly tak5 out1 relates an eye-witness1 & _m a te> 0 %$ by /rong m5 at ! t]rible sights we _h to witness4 ,! wor/ "p ( our "w 0 to h to endure ! agonis+ cries ( ! m5 :o 7 suff]+ t]rible torture2 b ev]yone help$ s will+ly t we felt t we 7 n do+ en\gh4 ,please note1 on ! "o h&1 ! cruel torture1 &1 on ! o!r1 ! sympa?y ( man4 ,i w n we>y or di/ress y fur!r1 g5tle read]1 ) h>r[+ details ( ! pa9 t is endur$ alike by man & bea/4 ,x is all s well kn[n4 ,i %all only ask y to li/5 to a little /ory f ! leaves ( a naturali/'s note-book1 & to put to y\rself a few que/ions4 ,a sp>r[-hawk sudd5ly da%$ "u ! bran*es ( a h$g][ oak1 & seiz$ a l9net4 ,b ! bird ( prey _h n calculat$ ^u ! missel-?ru% ^: ne/ 0 9 ! oak1 & :o made x 8 bus9ess to h no suspici\s /rang]s loit]+ 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,) an angry 'j>r1' & a swoop t w\ld h done cr$it to ! hawk himself1 ! plucky missel-?ru% 0 ^u ! m>aud] almo/ at ! same in/ant t ! l9net 0 seiz$2 a fea!r--a hawk's fea!r--float$ 9 ! air1 & ! a/oni%$ bird ( prey flung himself sideways1 & spread 8 talons to meet ! next assault4 ,?is action releas$ ! l9net1 :o sp$ away into ! next p>i% l a bullet1 :ile ! missel-?ru%1 p]*$ 9 ! oak tree aga91 noisily ?reat5$ to repeat ! attack4 ,s ! sp>r[-hawk dep>t$ 9 ! opposite direction to ! l9net1 & 9 two m9utes all birddom 0 twitt]+ & squabbl+ z be=e on ! site ( :at 0 s v ne>ly a sudd5 trag$y4 ,is n y\r sympa?y1 humane read]1 all ) ! l9net & its gallant rescu]1 al?\gh ! hawk 0 b c>ry+ out ! behe/s ( its ,mak]6 ,does x n give u a ?rill ( pleasure :5 ! lion is baulk$ ( 8 prey--:5 ! pet lamb is rescu$ f ! but*]8 ,are we1 !n1 m m]ciful ?an ,god8 ,0 x ,jesus or 0 x ! g5tle ,gautama t m>k$ ,h[ liz>d f$ on ant1 & snake on him1 ,& kite on bo?2 & h[ ! fi%-hawk robb$ ,! fi%-tig] ( t :i* x _h seiz$2 ,! %rike *as+ ! bulbul1 :i* did hunt ,! jewell$ butt]flies2 till ev]y:]e ,ea* slew a slay]1 & 9 turn 0 sla91 ,life liv+ ^u dea?4 ,s ! fair %[1 ,veil$ "o va/1 savage1 grim conspiracy ,( mutual murd]1 f ! worm to man1 ,:o himself kills 8 fell[8 #aej #c4 ,! ,bible ,acc\nt ( ,creation ,irreconcilable ) ,sci5ce 9 ,ea* & ,e ,respect4 ,! hypo!sis respect+ ! pa/ hi/ory ( ,nature1 :i* 0 =m]ly1 & is /ill v l>gely1 accept$ by ,*ri/ians1 is ! doctr9e fully & cle>ly /at$ 9 ! immortal poem ( ,john ,milton--! ,engli% ,div9a ,comm$ia--,p>adise ,lo/4 ,!re is ! be/ ( reasons = ! popul>ity ( ?is doctr9e4 ,x agrees lit]ally ) ! pla9 words ( ! ,bible4 ,! hypo!sis is briefly ?is3 ,t ?is visible univ]se ( ours came into exi/5ce at no great di/ance ( "t f ! pres5t1 & t ! p>ts ( :i* x is compos$ made _! appe>ance1 9 a c]ta9 def9ite ord]1 9 ! space ( six natural days1 9 su* a mann] t on ! fir/ ( ^! days light appe>$2 t on ! second ! firmam5t or sky sep>at$ ! wat]s above f ! wat]s b5ea? ! firmam5t2 t on ! ?ird day ! wat]s drew away f ! dry l&1 & ^u x a v>i$ vegetable life1 simil> to t :i* n[ exi/s1 made its appe>ance2 t ! f\r? day 0 signalis$ by ! app>ition ( ! sun1 ! />s1 ! moon1 & ! planets2 t on ! fif? day aquatic animals orig9at$ )9 ! wat]s2 t on ! six? day ! e>? gave rise to our f\r-foot$ t]re/rial creatures1 & to all v>iations ( t]re/rial animals except birds1 :i* _h appe>$ on ! prec$+ day2 &1 f9ally1 t man appe>$ ^u ! e>?1 & ! em]g5ce ( ! univ]se f *aos 0 f9i%$4 #aea ,?is int]pretation is t :i* has be5 in/ill$ into mo/ ( u 9 our *ildhood2 b1 if we are to li/5 to _m expositors ( no mean au?ority1 we mu/ believe t :at seems s cle>ly def9$ 9 ,g5esis--z if v great pa9s _h be5 tak5 t !re %\ld be no possibility ( mi/ake--is n ! mean+ ( ! text at all4 ,! acc\nt is divid$ into p]iods t we may make j z long or z %ort z conv5i5ce requires4 ,we are also to und]/& t x is consi/5t ) ! orig9al text to believe t ! mo/ complex plants & animals may h be5 evolv$ by natural processes1 la/+ = millions ( ye>s1 out ( /ructureless rudim5ts4 ,a p]son :o is n a ,hebrew s*ol> c only /& aside & admire ! m>vell\s flexibility ( a language :i* admits ( su* div]se int]pretations4 #aeb ,fur!rmore1 we are to und]/& t !re is no disagreem5t betwe5 !ology & sci5ce 9 ! sequ5ce ( ! six acts ( creation4 ,"h at lea/ we are n ask$ to twi/ words r\nd s t "o may mean a million4 ,we h a def9ite /atem5t :i* sci5ce ei!r supports or x does n4 ,! read] :o kn[s t ! v]dict ( sci5ce is negative may ask3 ,:at is ! use ( wa/+ my "t ov] a ,*ri/ian argum5t :i* has long s9ce be5 explod$8 ,i crave 8 p>don & pati5ce2 b1 h[ev] true x may be t ,mr4 ,glad/one's position 0 %[n to be unt5able1 x is equally true t an enorm\s numb] ( p]sons /ill p]si/ 9 ma9ta9+ t !re is a rem>kable co9cid5ce ( ! ,p5tateu*al /ory ) ! result ( mod]n inve/igation1 & t sci5ce supports !m 9 ?is conclusion4 ,! ,v ,rev4 ,h5ry ,wace1 ,d4,d41 ,dean ( ,cant]bury1 9 8 address be=e ! ,*ri/ian ,association ( ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london1 on ,may #g?1 #aijc1 rem9d$ 8 he>]s t a ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association 7,sir ,william ,dawson7 _h /at$ t x w\ld n be easy ev5 n[ to con/ruct a /atem5t ( ! developm5t ( ! _w 9 popul> t]ms s concise & s accurate z ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis4 ,& ,dr4 ,wace asks3 ,f :5ce c\ld h come ?is m>vell\s approximation1 to say ! lea/1 to ! facts :i* sci5ce has be5 sl[ly reveal+ b f ! ,div9e wisdom :i* alone 0 cognizant ( !m1 & c\ld alone make !m kn[n to mank9d8 ,a %ort "t ago a lady v k9dly s5t me a little pamphlet1 entitl$ ,rog]'s ,reasons2 or1 ,! ,bible & ,sci5ce1 writt5 by ! ,rev4 ,john ,urquh>t4 ,9 ?is !re is a resurrection pie ( ! old1 old argum5ts1 di%$ up aga9 9 su* a guise z to take 9 ! unw>y & ill-in=m$1 :o w\ld h no suspicion t ! food ?us giv5 !m = _! refection 0 n only /ale1 b _h be5 condemn$ z unfit = m5tal consumption by ! :ole ( ! sci5tific faculty4 ,! lady above m5tion$ consid]$ ! reason+ p]fectly conv9c+1 & s possibly w\ld n9ety-n9e ,*ri/ian ladies out ( a hundr$4 ,mr4 ,urquh>t is n[ mu* 9 evid5ce z a ,*ri/ian apologi/1 & 8 pamphlet is be+ di/ribut$ broadca/ 7#ha1jjj h already be5 issu$71 s t x does seem wor? :ile tak+ "s notice ( ! attempts t are /ill be+ made to treat ! ,creation my? z a ,div9e revelation4 ,t mod]n sci5ce does n support ei!r ! int]pretation put ^u ! ,bible /ory ( ! ,creation by ,mr4 ,urquh>t or by ,mr4 ,glad/one1 or any int]pretation :i* is compatible ) ! g5]al s5se ( ! n>rative1 c be asc]ta9$ by anyone :o w read ,pr(essor ,huxley's essays1 ,! ,int]pret]s ( ,g5esis & ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,g5esis4 ,a few quotations f ^! essays may enable ! read] to =m a slight idea ( ! decisive mann] 9 :i* ! ass]tion t mod]n sci5ce supports ! ,bible n>rative is controv]t$ by sci5ce h]self4 ,speak+ ( ,mr4 ,glad/one's cont5tion t ! /atem5ts 9 ! fir/ two v]ses ( ,g5esis are support$ by ! nebul> hypo!sis1 ,pr(essor ,huxley rem>ks3 ,b sci5ce kn[s no?+ ( any /age 9 :i* ! univ]se c\ld be said1 9 o!r ?an a metaphorical & popul> s5se1 to be =mless or empty2 or 9 any respect less ! seat ( law & ord] ?an x is n[4 ,"o might z well talk ( a fre%-laid h5's egg be+ ')\t =m & void' because ! *ick !re9 is pot5tial & n actual1 z apply su* t]ms to ! nebul\s mass :i* conta9s a pot5tial sol> sy/em4 ,9 a note at ! end ( ! second essay1 ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,g5esis1 !re is an excell5t exposition ( ! ,prop] ,s5se ( ! ',mosaic' ,n>rative ( ! ,creation4 ,among o!r po9ts1 ,huxley1 ( c\rse1 notices h[ ! />s are1 z x 71 ?r[n 9--,he made ! />s also4 ,^! words h always /ruck me z mak+ x peculi>ly cle> t ! ,mosaic n>rative orig9at$ f man1 & n f ,god4 ,! unkn[n au?ors ( ! ,hexateu*al compilation 7 almo/ z ignorant ( ! nature ( ! />s & ( _! un?9kable di/ance away f u z a camel-driv] 9 ,s9d1 :o gravely in=m$ a fri5d ( m9e t ! />s 7 once q close to ! e>?1 until "o f9e day a c]ta9 woman 7x is always ! woman :o causes ! mis*ief7 grabb$ hold ( "o & us$ x = clean+ h] *ild1 :]eupon ! gods1 mu* annoy$ at su* presumption on ! "p ( mank9d1 mov$ !m f> en\gh (f to be safe f fur!r desecration4 ,t ! ord] ( ,creation z giv5 9 ! ,bible _c be ma9ta9$ w be cle>ly se5 if we take ! p>ticul> case ( ! birds & creep+ ?+s4 ,sci5ce does n affirm t ! birds 7 made be=e ev]y?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>?4 ,mr4 ,glad/one tries to get ov] ! difficulty by exclud+ reptiles1 liz>ds1 etc41 f ! category ( creep+ ?+s4 ,?is w appe> 9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ quotations f ,pr(essor ,huxley's essay on ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,g5esis3-- ,mr4 ,glad/one's views z to ! prop] me?od ( deal+ ) grave & difficult sci5tific & religi\s problems _h p]mitt$ him to base a solemn 'plea = a revelation ( tru? f ,god' ^u an error z to a matt] ( fact1 f :i* ! intellig5t p]usal ( a manual ( palontology w\ld h sav$ him4444 ,he does1 inde$1 make a great p>ade ( au?orities1 & ,i h ! greate/ respect = ^? au?orities :om ,mr4 ,glad/one m5tions4 ,if he w get !m to sign a jo9t memorial to ! effect t our pres5t palontological evid5ce proves t birds appe>$ be=e ! 'l& population' ( t]re/rial reptiles1 ,i %all ?9k x my duty to reconsid] my position--b n till !n4444 ,i h e respect = ! s+] ( ! ,song ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 7:oev] he may h be572 ,i desire to ca/ no %ad[ ( d\bt ^u1 b1 on ! contr>y1 m>vel at1 ! exactness ( ,mr4 ,glad/one's in=mation z to ! consid]ations :i* 'affect$ ! me?od ( ! ,mosaic writ]'2 nor d ,i v5ture to d\bt t ! inconv5i5t intrusion ( ^! contemptible reptiles--'a family fall5 f greatness1' a mis]able1 decay$ ari/ocracy r$uc$ to m]e 'skulk]s ab\t ! e>?1' 9 consequ5ce1 app>5tly1 ( difficulties ab\t ! occupation ( l& aris+ out ( ! e>?-hung] ( _! =m] s]fs1 ! mammals--into an apologetic argum5t1 :i* w\ld o!rwise run q smoo?ly1 is 9 e way to be deprecat$4 ,/ill1 ! wret*$ creatures /& !re1 importunately dem&+ notice2 &1 h[ev] diff]5t may be ! practice 9 t cont5ti\s atmosph]e ) :i* ,mr4 ,glad/one expresses & lam5ts 8 famili>ity1 9 ! atmosph]e ( sci5ce x really is ( no avail :atev] to %ut "o's eyes to facts1 or to try & bury !m out ( sight "u a tumulus ( rhetoric4444 ,h[ev] repreh5sible1 &1 inde$1 contemptible1 t]re/rial reptiles may be1 ! only "q :i* appe>s to me to be relevant to my argum5t is :e!r ^! creatures are or are n compris$ "u ! d5om9ation ( 'ev]y?+ t creepe? ^u ! gr\nd4'444 ,h5ce ,i comm5d ! foll[+ extract f ! elev5? *apt] ( ,leviticus to ,mr4 ,glad/one's s]i\s att5tion3-- ,& ^! are !y :i* are unclean unto y among ! creep+ ?+s t creep ^u ! e>?3 ! weasel1 & ! m\se1 & ! great liz>d aft] its k9d1 & ! gecko1 & ! l&-crocodile1 & ! s&-liz>d1 & ! *ameleon4 ,^! are !y :i* are unclean to y among all t creep 7v4 #bi-ca74 ,! m]e/ ,sunday-s*ool exegesis1 !re=e1 suffices to prove t1 :5 ! ,mosaic writ] 9 ,g5esis #a4 #bd speaks ( 'creep+ ?+s1' he means to include liz>ds among !m4 ,?is be+ s1 x is agre$ on all h&s t t]re/rial liz>ds & o!r reptiles alli$ to liz>ds occur 9 ! ,p]mian /rata4 ,x is fur!r agre$ t ! ,triassic /rata 7 deposit$ aft] ^!4 ,moreov]1 x is well kn[n t1 ev5 if c]ta9 footpr9ts are to be tak5 z unque/ionable evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( birds1 !y are n kn[n to occur 9 rocks e>li] ?an ! ,trias1 :ile indubitable rema9s ( birds are n to be met ) till mu* lat]4 ,h5ce x foll[s t natural sci5ce does n 'affirm' ! /atem5t t birds 7 made on ! fif? day1 & 'ev]y?+ t creepe? on ! gr\nd' on ! six?1 on :i* ,mr4 ,glad/one re/s 8 ord]2 =1 z is %[n by ,leviticus1 ! ',mosaic writ]' includes liz>ds among 8 creep+ ?+s4 #aec ,! cru/ ( ! e>? is a book hav+ = its pages /rata t h1 =tunately1 be5 upturn$ = our p]usal1 & ! /ory x tells mu/ be true4 ,! s]ies ( fossilif]\s deposits :i* conta9 ! rema9s ( ! animals :i* h liv$ on ! e>? 9 pa/ ages ( its hi/ory af=d ! evid5ce requir$ conc]n+ ! ord] ( appe>ance ( ! diff]5t species4 ,z ,pr(essor ,huxley says else:]e #aed3 ,:5 we consid] ^! simple facts1 we see h[ absolutely futile are ! attempts t h be5 made to draw a p>allel betwe5 ! /ory told by s mu* ( ! cru/ ( ! e>? z is kn[n to u & ! /ory :i* ,milton tells4 ,/ill1 ! /ory :i* ,milton tells is 9 accord ) ! /ory :i* ! ,bible tells to ^? :o are n giv5 to play+ conjur+ tricks ) ! pla9 mean+ ( words4 ,f9ally1 we mu/ rememb] t hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( animal species1 z di/9ct z ^? :i* n[ compose our wat]1 l&1 & air populations1 h come into exi/5ce & di$ out aga94 ,if ! species ( animals h all be5 sep>ately creat$1 !n x foll[s t hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( acts ( creative en]gy h occurr$1 at int]vals ?r\gh\t ! :ole "t record$ by ! fossilif]\s rocks2 &1 dur+ ! great] "p ( t "t1 ! 'creation' ( ! memb]s ( ! wat]1 l&1 & air populations mu/ h gone on contemporane\sly4 #aee ,! common-s5se view ( ! ,creation /ory1 & "o t is n[ widely accept$ ev5 by or?odox ,*ri/ians1 is t x is a my?4 ,_m ( u w1 !re=e1 agree ) ,pr(essor ,huxley :5 he says3 ,i suppose x to be an hypo!sis respect+ ! orig9 ( ! univ]se :i* "s anci5t ?9k] f\nd himself able to reconcile ) 8 k1 or :at he ?\ght 0 k1 ( ! nature ( ?+s1 & !re=e assum$ to be true4 ,z su*1 ,i hold x to be n m]ely an int]e/+1 b a v5]able1 monum5t ( a /age 9 ! m5tal progress ( mank9d2 & ,i f9d x difficult to suppose t any "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ! cosmogonies ( o!r nations--& especially ) ^? ( ! ,egyptians & ! ,babylonians1 ) :om ! ,israelites 7 9 su* frequ5t & intimate communication--%\ld consid] x to possess ei!r m or less sci5tific importance ?an may be allott$ to ^!4 #aef ,x may n be inappropriate to conclude ?is section ) ,milton's conception ( ! la/ act ( creation1 s *>m+ly simple & s /rictly accord+ to ! ,bible & :at ,*ri/ ,himself believ$1 & yet s completely untrue3-- ,! six?1 & ( creation la/1 arose ,) ev'n+ h>ps & mat91 :5 ,god said1 ,let ! e>? br+ =? s\l liv+ 9 h] k9d3 ,cattle & creep+ ?+s1 & bea/ ( ! e>?1 ,ea* 9 _! k9d4 ,! e>? obey'd1 & /raight ,op'n+ h] f]tile womb teem'd at a bir? ,innum]\s liv+ creatures1 p]fect =ms1 ,limb'd & full gr[n4444 ,!re wait$ yet ! ma/]-"w1 ! end ,( all yet done2 a creature :o1 n prone ,& brute z o!r creatures1 b indu'd ,) sanctity ( reason1 might erect ,8 /ature1 & upright ) front s]5e ,gov]n ! re/1 self kn[+3444 444 ,!re=e ! omnipot5t ,et]nal ,fa!r--= :]e is n he ,pres5t8--?us to 8 ,son audibly spake3 ,let u make n[ man 9 our image1 man ,9 our similitude1 & let !m rule ,ov] ! fi% & f[l ( sea & air1 ,bea/ ( ! field1 & ov] all ! e>?1 ,& e creep+ ?+ t creeps ! gr\nd4 ,?us said1 he =m'd !e1 ,adam1 !e1 ,o man1 ,du/ ( ! gr\nd1 & 9 ?y no/rils brea?'d ,! brea? ( life3 9 8 own image he ,creat$ !e1 9 ! image ( ,god ,express1 & ?\ becam'/ a liv+ s\l4 --,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,,vii41 #ddi-def1 #eje-eaj1 #eaf-ebh4 #d4 ,pro(s ( ,our ,animal ,orig94 ,! ?ird & la/ ( ! ,evolution /umbl+-blocks is t connect$ ) ! dogma ( ! ,fall & ,atonem5t4 ,be=e consid]+ ?is1 x w be bett]1 ,i ?9k1 to summ>ise z briefly & simply z possible "s ( ! *ief pro(s ( our animal orig94 ,! well-in=m$ c skip ?is section1 :i* is int5d$ = ! b5efit ( t va/ majority--! ill-in=m$4 ,space w n p]mit me to d mu* m ?an allude to ! pro(s2 b anyone really desir\s ( conv9c+ himself or h]self ( ! tru? ( ! doctr9e1 & at ! same "t wi%+ to avoid details t might possibly prove we>isome1 w f9d x popul>ly treat$ 9 ,huxley's "w on ,man's ,place 9 ,nature 7,macmillan72 9 ,d5nis ,hird's ,an ,easy ,outl9e ( ,evolution 7,watts ,co42 #bs4 #f;d472 9 ,edw>d ,clodd's ,! ,/ory ( ,creation 7,watts ,co42 #f;d472 9 ,s4 ,la+'s ,mod]n ,sci5ce & ,mod]n ,?\ght 7,watts ,co42 #f;d472 9 ,haeckel's ,riddle ( ! ,univ]se 7,watts ,co42 #f;d471 ?\gh ?is c h>dly1 p]haps1 be describ$ z popul>2 & 9 ,met*nik(f's ,! ,nature ( ,man 7,he9emann1 #aijc2 #abs4 #f;d474 ,! mo/ complete "w on ! subject is ,haeckel's ,! ,evolution ( ,man 7,watts ,co41 #aije2 #dbs42 abridg$ edition1 #bs474 ,?is is 9 two volumes1 copi\sly illu/rat$1 ( :i* ! fir/ is entirely devot$ to human embryology or ontog5y1 a bran* ( sci5ce :i* furni%es ! mo/ ov]:elm+ evid5ce4 ,! pro(s may1 r\ghly speak+1 be gr\p$ "u ?ree heads--! extraord9>y aff9ity ( bodily /ructure1 ! revelations ( embryology1 & ! tale told by ! useless rudim5t>y organs4 ,we w comm5ce ) ,,! ,,extraord9>y ,,aff9ity ,,( ,,bodily ,,/ructure4 ,x is notori\s t man is con/ruct$ on ! same g5]al type or model ) o!r mammals4 ,all ! bones 9 8 skeleton c be comp>$ ) correspond+ bones 9 a monkey1 bat1 or seal4 ,s x is ) 8 muscles1 n]ves1 blood-vessels1 & visc]a4 ,! bra91 ! mo/ important ( all ! organs1 foll[s ! same law1 z %[n by ,huxley & o!r anatomi/s4 #aeg ,man's ne>e/ animal relations are ! tailless an?ropoid or man-l apes--namely1 ! gorilla1 ! *impanzee1 ! orang1 & ! gibbon4 ,n[ t all ! details ( ! human organisation h be5 /udi$1 & ! anatomical /ructures ( man & l>ge monkeys )\t tails h be5 comp>$1 bone ) bone1 & muscle ) muscle1 a truly a/oni%+ analogy betwe5 ^! organisms is made manife/--an analogy app>5t 9 e detail4 #aeh ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! po9ts m p>ticul>ly call+ = notice3-- ,d5tition4--,9 ! natural hi/ory ( mammals ! tee? play an important "p z a means ( det]m9+ diff]5ces & relation%ips4 ,ev]yone kn[s ! milk tee? & ! p]man5t tee? ( man4 ,! an?ropoid apes be> 9 ?is respect an a/oni%+ lik5ess to man4 ,! numb] 7?irty-two 9 ! adult71 ! =m & g5]al arrangem5t ( ! cr[n1 are id5tical 9 man & an?ropoid apes4 ,! diff]5ces are to be f\nd only 9 m9or details4 #aei ,b ! fact mu/ n be lo/ sight ( t all ^! diff]5ces are less pron\nc$ ?an ^? :i* exi/ betwe5 ! d5tition ( an?ropoid apes & t ( all o!r monkeys4 #afj ,! ,foot4--,anti-evolutioni/s h laid great /ress on ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! foot ( a man & t ( an an?ropoid ape4 ,b x is cle>ly %[n by ,huxley t 9 all ess5tial respects ! h9d] limb ( ! gorilla t]m9ates 9 z true a foot z t ( man1 #afa & t1 be ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! h& & foot ( man & ^? ( ! gorilla :at !y may1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 ^? ( ! gorilla & ^? ( ! l[] apes are mu* great]4 #afb ,! ,sacrum4--,9 monkeys1 z a :ole1 ! sacrum is compos$ ( ?ree1 or r>ely f\r1 v]tebr1 :ile 9 an?ropoid apes x conta9s five--t is to say1 j z _m z 9 man4 #afc ,! ,skull4--,"h ! diff]5ces are m m>k$2 b aga9 we mu/ rem9d ourselves t1 z reg>ds ! o/eology1 ,pr(essor ,huxley tells u t = ! skull1 no less ?an = ! skeleton 9 g5]al1 ! proposition holds good t ! diff]5ces betwe5 man & ! gorilla are ( small] value ?an ^? betwe5 ! gorilla & "s o!r apes4 #afd ,! ,bra94--,sev]al di/+ui%$ zoologi/s at "o "t insi/$ on ! abs5ce 9 all monkeys ( c]ta9 p>ts ( ! bra9 peculi>ly *>act]i/ic ( man1 b n[ x is unanim\sly accept$ t ! p>ts ( ! bra9 9 "q are precisely ^? /ructures :i* are ! mo/ m>k$ c]ebral *>act]s common to man ) ! apes4 ,!y are among ! mo/ di/9ctly simian peculi>ities :i* ! human organism exhibits4 #afe ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! bra9 ( ! orang & t ( man is a m]e diff]5ce ( degree1 & n ( k9d2 & mo/ /ud5ts ( comp>ative psy*ology n[ admit t ! intellectual faculties ( animals diff] f ^? 9 man 9 degree only1 n 9 _! ess5ce4 ,reply+ to 8 oppon5ts1 ,pr(essor ,huxley comp>es ! bra9 ( man & t ( ape ) two wat*es1 "o ( :i* w1 & ! o!r w n1 keep accurate "t4 ,he exclaims3 ,a hair 9 ! balance-:eel1 a little ru/ on a p9ion1 a b5d 9 a too? ( ! escapem5t1 a some?+ s slight t only ! practis$ eye ( ! wat*mak] c discov] x1 may be ! s\rce ( all ! diff]5ce4 #aff ,! late ,sir ,*>les ,lyell m5tions 9 8 ,antiquity ( ,man h[ ,dr4 ,sumn]1 ! late ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 br\ght out 9 /rong relief fifty ye>s ago1 9 8 ,records ( ,creation1 "o ess5tial "* sep>at+ man f ! brute4 ,z ! same argum5t is /ill be+ br\ght out1 & is1 on ! face ( x1 exce$+ly plausible1 & z ! answ] to x has to d ) ! bra91 x _c be pass$ ov]4 ,dr4 ,sumn] said3 ,x has be5 sometimes alleg$1 & may be f\nd$ on fact1 t !re is less diff]5ce betwe5 ! highe/ brute animal & ! l[e/ savage ?an betwe5 ! savage & ! mo/ improv$ man4 ,b1 9 ord] to w>rant ! pret5d$ analogy1 x ought to be also true t ?is l[e/ savage is no m capable ( improvem5t ?an ! *impanzee or orang-outang4 ,?is objection is met by "s su* consid]ation z ! foll[+3--,:5 y exam9e ! enorm\s diff]5ce 9 ! =mation ( ! skull 9 man & ape 7look1 = in/ance1 at plate xvii41 vol4 ii4 ( ,haeckel's ,evolution ( ,man71 & :5 y rememb] t ?is sets h>d at an e>ly date1 y surely h a good reason = limit$ improvability4 ,fur!r1 ! bra9 ( ev5 ! l[e/ savage repres5ts a developm5t ( "s half a million ye>s above ! ape along ! l9e ( intellig5ce4 ,h[1 !n1 c we dream ( mak+ ?is up 9 "o or a few g5]ations by artificial tra9+ ( ! ape8 ,la/ly1 we h ! enorm\s lev]age ( language1 ! inh]it$ weal? ( ?\s&s ( speak+ g5]ations1 & an incalculable aid to ?\ght4 ,h[ mu* is ! intellig5ce ( ! ,microcephal1 ! cluck+ small heads lately on %[ at ! ,hippodrome1 capable ( rapid improvem5t8 ,our exp]im5ts d n %[ t ! ape is n improvable1 b only t we _c1 9 a s+le g5]ation1 lift x ov] a gulf repres5t+ #ejj1jjj ye>s ( human developm5t4 ,h[ c we expect x8 ,! ,blood4--,9 ! la/ few ye>s an a/oni%+ confirmation ( our relation%ip to ! an?ropoid ape has be5 discov]$4 ,we are blood relations4 ,elie ,met*nik(f1 ,pr(essor at ! ,pa/eur ,in/itute1 %[s ?is cle>ly 9 8 book1 ,! ,nature ( ,man4 #afg ,until q rec5tly x 0 n kn[n h[ to di/+ui% human blood f t ( o!r mammals4 ,a me?od giv+ conclusive results has n[ be5 discov]$1 & is us$ 9 =5sic m$ic9e4 ,! same me?od has be5 employ$ 9 comp>+ ! blood ( man & ! an?ropoid apes1 result+ 9 ! discov]y #afh t1 9 _! case1 !re is practically no blood diff]5ce :atev]6 ,,! ,,revelations ,,( ,,embryology4 ,! oppon5ts ( ,evolution us$ to appeal to ! special features ( human embryology1 :i* 7 suppos$ to di/+ui% man f all ! o!r mammals2 b 9 #ahij ,emil ,sel5ka prov$ t ! same features are f\nd 9 an?ropoid apes1 especially 9 ! orang1 :ile ! l[] apes are )\t !m4 ,:5 ,huxley wrote1 ! embryological hi/ory ( an?ropoid apes 0 practically unkn[n4 ,d>w91 ,vogt1 & ,haeckel1 9 _! attempts to support ! !ory ( ! animal orig9 ( man1 _h n suffici5t k ( ! embryology ( monkeys4 ,x is only rec5tly t important "w on ?is subject has be5 publi%$4444 ,! plac5ta (t5 gives in=mation ( great importance 9 ! classification ( mammals4 ,x is suffici5t to glance at ! zon>y plac5ta ( dogs & seals to be conv9c$ ( ! relation%ip ( ^! two species :i* at fir/ sight seem s diff]5t4 ,n[1 ! plac5tas ( all ! an?ropoid apes exam9$ up to ! pres5t are ( ! same discoid type z t ( man4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! umbilical cord ( man1 :i* 0 =m]ly consid]$ z q peculi> to him1 is f\nd 9 an?ropoid apes1 z has be5 e/abli%$ by ,d5ik] & ,sel5ka4 ,x is /rik+ t ! an?ropoids resemble man r ?an ! l[] monkeys 9 ! relation ( ! foetus to ! foetal membranes4 ,) reg>d to ! embryos !mselves1 ! simil>ity betwe5 ^? ( monkeys & man is v great4444 ,! y\nge/ /ages ( human developm5t t h be5 obta9$ c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! l[] monkeys ei!r 9 position or %ape4 ,m advanc$ /ages exhibit great] diff]5tiation1 & ! lat] embryos ( man resemble ^? ( an?ropoids mu* m closely ?an ^? ( ! l[] monkeys4 ,! resemblance betwe5 ! ne>ly mature foetus ( an?ropoids & human embryos ( ab\t ! six? mon? is evid5t en\gh4 #afi ,we are ?us b\nd1 9 all hone/y1 to own up to our ape-l prog5itors4 ,b ?is is only a small portion ( ! wond]ful tale told by ,embryology4 ,man is develop$ f an ovule ab\t #abe? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 :i* diff]s 9 no respect f ! ovules ( o!r animals1 #agj &1 m>vell\s to relate1 f t /age upw>ds ! embryo is "o cont9u\s epitome ( ! hi/ory ( man's evolution f l[] =ms ( life4 #aga ,up to a c]ta9 po9t ! g]ms1 n only ( all mammals1 b ( all v]tebrate animals1 fi%es1 reptiles1 & birds1 are sc>cely di/+ui%able4 ,a sceptic may conv9ce himself by /udy+ ! plates giv5 9 ,haeckel's ,! ,evolution ( ,man1 & especially plates ix4 to xiv41 :]e ! embryos ( v>i\s animals are comp>$4 ,at ! m advanc$ /age1 :]e ! embryo has already pass$ ! reptilian =m1 we f9d t = a consid]able "t ! l9e ( developm5t rema9s ! same z t ( o!r mammalia4 ,! resemblance1 = example1 aft] ! fir/ f\r weeks' gr[?1 betwe5 ! embryo ( a man & t ( a dog is su* t x is sc>cely possible to di/+ui% ! "o f ! o!r4 ,ev5 at ! age ( eight weeks ! embryo man is an animal ) a tail1 h>dly to be di/+ui%$ f an embryo puppy4 #agb ,aft] ?is p]iod ! embryo em]ges f ! g5]al mammalian type into ! special ord] ( primates to :i* man belongs4 ,?us does ! gr[? ( ! egg f :i* man spr+s compress into a few weeks ! results ( millions ( ye>s1 & set be=e u ! hi/ory ( 8 developm5t f fi%-l & reptilian =ms 7:i*1 z we h se51 p4 #baa1 ,mr4 ,glad/one deem$ s contemptible & fall5 f greatness71 & ( 8 m imm$iate desc5t f a hairy1 tail$ quadrup$1 ! ext9ct common ance/or ( man & monkey4 ,z evolution proce$s ! embryo rises up to man1 & ! diff]5ces specialis+ ! human infant at its bir?1 su* z ! l>g5ess & m complex convolutions ( ! bra91 become m & m acc5tuat$ z its gr[? proce$s4 ,reg>d+ ! "q ( gaps1 we h to be> 9 m9d t x is "p ( ! evolution>y !ory t ! active processes ( evolution h v l>gely ceas$1 t exi/+ =ms are b a surviv+ remnant ) enorm\s gaps1 & t ! survivors are s fitt$ at pres5t to _! surr\nd+s t evolution>y =ces are causative ( equilibrium r ?an *ange4 ,we h already se51 too1 t 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce x is among ! closely-alli$ species t ! conte/ is m /r5u\s1 & t ! weake/1 or lea/ fitt$ to survive1 has to g to ! wall--to be wip$ out4 ,?us x is t !re is a t5d5cy = species to become ext9ct1 & = ! gaps to be wid5$4 ,! extraord9>y ?+ is n t we h s little direct evid5ce ( desc5t1 b t we h s mu*4 ,t !re are n m l9ks miss+ is due pr9cipally to ! discov]y ( fossil rema9s4 ,:5 an animal dies1 ! probabilities are1 ( c\rse1 enorm\sly aga9/ geological pres]vation ( its bones1 yet ! gaps are cont9ually be+ fill$ up by geological f9ds1 &1 ?\gh ! rema9+ gaps may be great1 !y are n unacc\ntable4 ,i mu/ n[ pass on to ! rema9+ set ( pro(s ( our orig94 ,,! ,,tale ,,told ,,by ,,! ,,useless ,,rudim5t>y ,,organs4 ,p]haps no?+ furni%es a m conclusive pro( ( our animal orig9 ?an ! /udy ( rudim5t>y /ructures--muscles1 s5se-organs1 hair1 bones1 reproductive organs1 etc4 ,!re are "s :i* are ei!r absolutely useless1 su* z ! mamm ( ! male quadrup$s or ! incisor tee? ( rum9ants :i* nev] cut ?r\gh ! gums2 or !y are ( su* slight s]vice to _! pres5t possessors t we _c suppose t !y 7 develop$ "u ! conditions :i* n[ exi/4 #agc ,( useless rudim5t>y organs1 or p>ts ( organs1 !re are n less ?an "o hundr$ & sev5 9 man4 #agd ,to ?is category belong ! coccyx--! ve/ige ( a tail--! muscles ( ! e>1 ! v]mi=m app5dage1 etc4 ,! os coccyx 9 man1 ?\gh functionless z a tail1 pla9ly repres5ts ?is "p 9 o!r v]tebrate animals4 ,at an e>ly embryonic p]iod x is free1 &1 z we h se51 projects beyond ! l[] extremities4 #age ,x sometimes happ5s t we f9d ext]nal relics ( a tail4 ,pr(essor ,haeckel1 9 ,fig4 #aie1 vol4 i4 ( ,! ,evolution ( ,man 7libr>y edition71 %[s ! tail ( a six mon?s' old boy1 :i* ,granville ,h>rison remov$ by op]ation4 ,! an?ropoid ape1 l man1 has only ! rudim5t ( a tail4 ,! e> muscles are rudim5t>y 9 man4 ,x is well kn[n h[ readily dome/ic animals--horses1 c[s1 dogs1 h>es1 etc4--po9t _! e>s & move !m 9 diff]5t directions4 ,mo/ ( ! apes d ! same1 & our e>li] ape ance/ors 7 also able to d x4 ,b our lat] simian ance/ors1 :i* we h 9 common ) ! an?ropoid apes1 ab&on$ ! use ( ^! muscles1 & !y gradually became rudim5t>y & useless4 ,h[ev]1 we possess !m /ill4 ,9 fact1 "s m5 c /ill move _! e>s a little backw>d & =w>d by means ( ! draw+ & )draw+ muscles2 & ) practice ?is faculty c be mu* improv$4 ,b no man c n[ lift up 8 e>s by ! rais+ muscle1 or *ange ! %ape ( !m by ! small inn] muscles4 ,^! muscles 7 v useful to our ance/ors1 b are ( no consequ5ce to u4 ,?is applies to mo/ ( ! an?ropoid apes z well4 #agf ,! v]mi=m app5dage ( ! coecum is n only practically useless1 b ! s\rce ( t extremely dang]\s compla9t1 app5dicitis4 ,x is rem>kable t ?is organ is practically id5tical ) ! v]mi=m app5dage ( an?ropoid apes1 yet none ( ! o!r monkeys pres5t any su* resemblance ) m54 ,pr(essor ,haeckel1 speak+ ( ! v]mi=m app5dage1 says3 ,! only significance ( x 9 man is t n infrequ5tly a *]ry-/one or "s o!r h>d & indige/ible matt] p5etrates into its n>r[ cavity1 & by sett+ up inflammation & suppuration causes ! dea? ( o!rwise s\nd m54 ,teleology has great difficulty 9 giv+ a rational explanation (1 & attribut+ to a b5efic5t ,provid5ce1 ?is dread$ app5dicitis4 ,9 our plant-eat+ ance/ors ?is rudim5t>y organ 0 mu* l>g]1 & _h a useful function4 #agg ,9 ord] to und]/& ! exi/5ce ( rudim5t>y organs1 we h only to suppose t a =m] prog5itor possess$ ! p>ts 9 "q 9 a p]fect /ate1 & t "u *ang$ habits ( life !y became greatly r$uc$1 ei!r f simple disuse or ?r\gh ! natural selection ( ^? individuals :i* 7 lea/ encumb]$ ) a sup]flu\s "p1 aid$ by ! o!r means previ\sly indicat$4 #agh ,:atev] ! precise explanation may be1 c we br+ ourselves to suppose t ,god creat$ u ) a numb] ( useless organs1 or t ,he plac$ !m !re z a sn>e to entrap our judgm5t8 ,aga91 rudim5t>y organs1 = ! mo/ "p1 display a cong5ital lack ( ! p[] ( resi/ance1 &1 z ,d>w9 sugge/$1 = ?is reason !y are frequ5tly ! seats ( disease4 #agi ,c anyone imag9e 8 ,mak] arrang+ all ?is on purpose8 ,i c n4 ,we are assur$ by pi\s apologi/s t ,god has in/itut$ pa9 9 ord] to save u f injur+ ourselves2 h[ c ,he1 !n1 h specially provid$ u ) organs ^: only function is to be a s\rce ( dang]8 ,_m o!r examples might be giv5 be>+ on ?is l9e ( argum5t2 b en\gh has be5 said1 ,i hope1 to conv9ce ! read] t 9 ^! rudim5t>y organs !re is ov]p[]+ evid5ce aga9/ sep>ate acts ( creation1 & 9 fav\r ( an animal orig9 ( ! human race4 ,besides ?is1 we h also ! evid5ce d]iv$ f ! /udy ( our bodily /ructure & embryonic developm5t4 ,! be>+ ( ^! ?ree great classes ( fact is1 z ,*>les ,d>w9 rem>ks1 unmi/akeable4 ,x is only our natural prejudice1 & t arrogance :i* made our own =efa!rs decl>e t !y 7 desc5d$ f demi-gods1 :i* lead u to demur to ?is conclusion4 #ahj #e4 ,! ,ov]?r[ ( ! ,doctr9es ( ! ,fall & ,orig9al ,s94 ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,"q4 ,no ,biblical /&po9t is m directly oppos$ to mod]n evolution>y views ?an ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall & ,atonem5t4 ,we h se51 9 ! *apt]s on ! ,high] ,criticism & on ,comp>ative ,my?ology1 t ! ,bible /ory ( ,creation is no?+ b a borr[$ leg5d2 & we h n[ se5 t x c\ld n 9 any case be true4 ,if x 71 ,evolution w\ld be untrue4 ,n[1 ! acc\nt ( ! fall ( man is an exce$+ly important portion ( ! ,bible1 ! :ole fabric ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? be+ con/ruct$ ^u x2 & !re is no d\bt :atev] t ! av]age ,*ri/ian realises ?is1 & cont9ues to believe 9 ! ,fall4 ,he may accept ! doctr9e ( ! evolution ( ! physical nature ( man2 b he flatly d5ies t 8 intellect & moral attributes 7 a "p ( ! process1 al?\gh su* au?orities z ,d>w91 ,huxley1 & ,romanes cle>ly po9t out t man's intellect & moral s5se h aris5 f l[] /ages ( ! same faculties 9 8 primate ance/ors4 ,! cons]vative ,*ri/ian believes t man 0 orig9ally end[$ ) a l(ty moral nature2 t he succumb$ to temptation2 t he became a degrad$ be+2 t he has be5 work+ out 8 puni%m5t ev] s9ce2 & t 8 hope ( escape f ! curse laid ^u all mank9d lies 9 ! atonem5t made by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,ev5 if incl9$ to h views less /rictly 9 accord ) ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ ( ! pa/ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 he /ill believes t all ?is is true 9 "s sort ( allegorical s5se :i* _c be exactly def9$4 ,la/ly1 !re is an ev]-swell+ ho/ ( p]plex$ ,*ri/ians :o1 9 _! he>t ( he>ts1 feel mu* z ,mr4 ,blat*=d does :5 he says3 ,god is all-p[]ful4 ,he c\ld h made ,adam /rong en\gh to resi/ ,eve4 ,he c\ld h made ,eve /rong en\gh to resi/ ! s]p5t4 ,he ne$ n h made ! s]p5t at all4 ,god is all-kn[+4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,he made ,adam & ,eve & ! s]p5t ,he knew t ,adam & ,eve mu/ fall4 ,& if ,god knew !y mu/ fall1 h[ c\ld ,adam help fall+1 & h[ c\ld he ju/ly be blam$ = do+ :at he mu/ d8 ,god made a bridge--built x ,himself1 ( ,8 own mat]ials1 to ,8 own design1 & knew :at ! be>+ /ra9 ( ! bridge 04 ,if1 !n1 ,god put ^u ! bridge a weight equal to d\ble ! be>+ /ra91 h[ c\ld ,god ju/ly blame ! bridge = fall+8 #aha ,! av]age div9e1 :atev] 8 d5om9ation1 is usually 9 no hurry to accept ,evolutioni/ !ories ( ! ,fall1 or1 if he does1 he keeps x to himself4 ,dean ,wace ?9ks ! tale ( ,ed5 & ! ,fall is p>tly hi/orical1 p>tly allegorical1 &1 9 any case1 true to ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce2 & ,c>d9al ,newman consid]$ t ! :ole or?odox ,*ri/ian s*eme /ood or fell ) a belief 9 "s great aborig9al cata/rophe4 ,progressive div9es tea*1 on ! contr>y1 t ! n>rative ( ! ,fall is n to be und]/ood z lit]al hi/ory1 any m ?an ! visions ( ! ,apocalypse are to be und]/ood z a lit]al description ( heav54 ,= u1 !y say1 ! und]ly+ tru?1 & n ! outw>d =m 9 :i* t tru? is clo!d1 is ! ess5tial ?+4 ,z our fir/ p>5ts are repres5t$ z be+ 9 a /ate ( guileless simplicity1 & subsequ5tly fall+ 9 ) ! tempt+ s]p5t1 :o1 9 obvi\s contra/ ) _! untri$ innoc5ce1 is describ$ z a be+ ( special subtilty1 ! und]ly+ tru? appe>s to be t1 ) ,god's cognisance1 man is cont9ually be+ tak5 advantage ( by a crafty _s ( evil2 or1 to keep m closely to ! religi\s evolutioni/'s idea1 man's bett] nature1 implant$ by ,god1 is be+ cont9ually got ! bett] ( by animal in/9cts implant$ by ----8 ,^! enlight5$ cl]ics are 9 a some:at delicate position1 & none probably recognise ?is m ?an !y d !mselves1 z te/ifi$ lately by ! fact ( ov] a hundr$ ( _! numb] di/ribut+ a manife/o to all ! cl]gy ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 9 :i* !y express a desire to receive au?oritative enc\ragem5t to face critical problems ) entire c&\r4 #ahb ,,an ,,in/ructive ,,criticism4 ,! gravity ( ! situation & ! div]g5ce ( ! new f ! old tea*+ are summ$ up by ! ,*ur* ,times 9 ! foll[+ p]t95t rem>ks3--,x is impossible = ,*ri/ians to affect non*alance z to ! result ( ! controv]sy betwe5 an?ropologi/s l ,lubbock1 ,lyell1 ,huxley1 ,haeckel1 & ,fiske1 :o ass]t ! human race to h cont9u\sly 7) :atev] relapses7 progress$ out ( bruti% & squalid b>b>ism1 & ^? :o1 l ! late ,duke ( ,argyll1 ,lang1 ,tylor1 ,h>tmann1 #ahc ,r5\f1 & mo/ mission>ies1 ma9ta9 t savag]y is a decl5sion f high] ?+s1 & t 'man's natural /ate is civilisation'--n1 ( c\rse1 ! civilisation ( ,p>is & ,london1 ( tr\s]s & half-p5ny pap]s1 nor yet ,r\sseau's an>*ic gold5 age1 b creation 9 ,god's image aft] ,8 lik5ess4 ,x is said t we ne$ believe no m ab\t our fir/ p>5ts ?an t !y 7 innoc5t--i4e41 _h n yet made trial ( good & evil2 t ! '=m] ,adam1' ev5 aft] he _h ceas$ to be a pi!coid hang+ by 8 tail f b\ghs1 & long aft] 8 mollusc #ahd /age ( exi/5ce1 0 /ill z primus homo1 a demi-witt$ creature1 burr[+ 9 holes1 gnaw+ roots1 grunt+1 grimac+1 sn>l+1 %udd]+2 n ev5 a noble savage1 b be/ial & grovell+4 ,z moral consci\sness sl[ly woke 9 him1 he misus$ 8 p[]s2 b su* a 'fall' 0 really an advance4 ,su* is ! late/ v]sion ( ,p>adise lo/--( t great dis9h]itance1 t moral & spiritual cata/rophe1 :i*1 ,/4 ,paul av]s1 0 ! entrance ( dea? into ! _w by "o man1 & :i*1 he seems to say1 dragg$ d[n ! l[] creation :5 ! son ( ,god1 'p>agon ( animals1 noble 9 reason1 inf9ite 9 faculty1' fell 9 ,ed54 ,we d n urge t ! two tea*+s _c be reconcil$2 b x is cle> t ! imm5se difficulty is n to be dismiss$ by say+ t ! ,bible is a mosaic1 n ,mosaic1 or t x does n pr(ess to in/ruct u 9 an?ropology4 #ahe ,!re is a d[nrightness & lucidity ab\t ?is criticism ( advanc$ !ology :i* "o _c b admire1 al?\gh "o may n be able to %>e its optimism z to ! *ance ( ! two tea*+s ev] becom+ reconcil$4 ,h[ c !y8 ,consid] ! unsatisfactory nature ( ! foll[+ speculations by means ( :i* ! cl]ical evolutioni/ hopes to surm\nt ! /umbl+-block ( ! ,fall4 ,,! ,,bi%op ,,( ,,worce/]',s ,,!ory4 ,dr4 ,gore1 ,bi%op ( ,worce/]1 n[ ( ,birm+ham1 :o is an adh]5t ( ,evolution1 speaks my/]i\sly ( a fall f )\t4 #ahf ,z ! "q is ( enorm\s importance to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,i propose to exam9e ,dr4 ,gore's !sis at "s l5g?4 ,he grants t ! idea ( special creation is inconceivable1 & t our race has an animal ance/ry1 & !n gives u ! foll[+ description ( primeval man1 :i* 7%ades ( our =efa!rs67 he assures u is accord+ to ! ,bible & ! enlight5$ ideas ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity3 ,man began at ! bottom1 immature1 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( immaturity1 totally undevelop$1 b ) a capacity = developm5t4 ,a correspond5t ( ,dr4 ,gore's1 anxi\s possibly to be let d[n g5tly 9 ! matt] ( 8 ance/or1 sugge/$ immature1 b n de=m$4 ,?is ,dr4 ,gore accept$ z a good phrase4 ,mo/ ( u w\ld ?9k t :5 our ance/or 0 at ! /age1 say1 ( ! ape-l man he w\ld be de=m$ accord+ to exi/+ notions ( ! human =m div9e1 :ile1 if only at ! protoplasm /age1 ! "q ( =m w\ld h>dly matt]4 ,x has be5 expla9$ to me by a cl]ical biologi/ t ! ,bi%op meant t ! ,fall 0 n a fall f a completely develop$ =m to "o less develop$1 b t !re 0 p]v]sion ( ! developm5t1 s t a rudim5t>y life :i* might h be5 develop$ "o way has develop$ along a less fav\rable pa?--a common occurr5ce 9 ontog5y4 ,h[ev] t may be1 & :atev] ! physical or m5tal /ate ( ?is creature at ! "t he fell1 0 8 previ\s /ate "o ( beautiful innoc5ce & purity8 ,:at ab\t ^? inh]it$ animal in/9cts8 ,dr4 ,gore goes on to say t humanity might h1 ) inf9itely m rapidity1 develop$ upw>d2 x has be5 delay$1 ret>d$ by s94 ,grant$2 b at :at /age ( developm5t did ?is poor wret* ev] get a prop] *ance8 ,! ,*ri/ian fai? inculcates t !re is no *ance = him )\t belief4 ,:at belief did ?is immature man h to guide him8 ,h[ev]1 let u see :at m ,dr4 ,gore may h to tell u on ! ,fall & ,atonem5t4 ,! words already quot$ are f 8 second lecture to ! ,birm+ham work+ m54 ,9 8 ?ird & la/ lecture he says3 ,he 7,god7 appo9t$ t man alone ( creatures %\ld h a tw(old nature--t he %\ld h fell[%ip ) physical nature1 b also t he %\ld h fell[%ip ) ,god4 ,he 7man7 fell ?r\gh a sugge/ion f )\t1 & pref]r$ wilfulness to ob$i5ce2 he ?us fell into s91 & s91 :5 x is f9i%$1 br+e? =? dea?4 ,note t1 if s9 is said to h caus$ dea?1 ,*ri/ is said to h aboli%$ dea?4 ',he t believe? on ,me %all nev] die4' ,x is dea? z m5 h kn[n x1 ! end ( _! hopes1 t s9 introduc$ & ,*ri/ aboli%$4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! ,bi%op's answ] reg>d+ ! ,fall "q4 ,!re has be5 a fall ?r\gh a sugge/ion f )\t1 :atev] t may happ5 to mean4 ,i %\ld h ?\ght t1 if !re 0 a fall at all1 x 0 ?r\gh a sugge/ion f )91 mu* z ,canon ,wilson puts x4 #ahg ,bi%op ,gore1 h[ev]1 probably feels t x has to be f )\t to agree ) ! ,bible /ory ( ! temptation4 ,we are told no?+ fur!r ab\t ?is my/]i\s )\t1 & ,i ask3 ,c\ld any?+ be m vague & unsatisfactory ?an ?is explanation ( ! ,fall8 ,assum+ t det]m9i/s are wrong1 & t ! ,creator is n responsible = ! %ortcom+s ( ,8 creatures1 ! only fault = :i* primeval man c\ld possibly be held to be answ]able is t ( n controll+ 8 animal in/9cts s soon z he comm5c$ to be consci\s & c\ld no long] claim ! excuse ( innoc5ce4 ,probably he did 8 be/1 & began to improve himself ev] s little4 ,9 t case1 z ! ,*ur* ,times sapi5tly rem>ks1 !re 0 no ,fall1 b an advance4 ,or1 adopt+ a compromise sugge/$ by an ,am]ican div9e1 he fell upw>d6 ,if he did n /rive z mu* z he might h done1 !re 01 at all ev5ts1 no sudd5 leap ov] a precipice2 = ! gift ( increas$ consci\sness1 su* z ! human be+ n[ possesses1 mu/ h evolv$ v gradually4 ,h[ev]1 ! creation ( ! _w & all t !re9 is 0 also exce$+ly gradual1 & yet ! pi\s f9d !mselves able to consid] ! ,bible acc\nt to be an accurate ?\gh allegorical repres5tation ( ! process2 s !re is really no?+ to prev5t !m f consid]+ ! acc\nt ( a rem>kable incid5t 9 a c]ta9 g>d5 dur+ a hot summ]'s day1 %ortly aft] man put 9 8 appe>ance on ?is globe1 to be a true repres5tation ( ! p]v]se conduct ( _! ance/ors ?r\gh c\ntless ages4 ,= ?is s-call$ ,fall we are to be visit$ ) a dea? :i* w be ! end ( our hopes if we d n believe 9 ,*ri/4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! new ?reat held ov] ! unbeliev]3 he w =feit 8 "r to immortality4 ,z x is 9 place ( ! old-fa%ion$ consignm5t to hell1 we may hope1 = ! sake ( ! human race z a :ole1 pa/ & pres5t1 t ! new ,*ri/ian dogma is ne>] ! tru? ?an ! old4 ,mo/ ( u1 h[ev]1 w1 ,i ?9k1 come to ! conclusion t !re has nev] be5 a ,fall at all 9 any s5se4 ,dr4 ,gore 9 "o brea? asks u to ?9k man s mu* above ! ape t 8 spiritual p[]s _c h be5 evolv$2 yet1 :5 sci5ce po9ts out t !y 7 evolv$--t man rose s mu* above 8 relations--he /ill speaks ( a fall6 ,x is an outrage to our common s5se4 ,&1 if !re 7 a ,fall1 may we n say ) ! ,p]sian poet8-- ,oh ,?\ :o did/ ) ,pitfall & ) ,g9 ,beset ! ,pa? ,i 0 to travel 91 ,?\ wilt n ) ,pr$e/9$ ,evil r\nd ,enme% me1 & impute my ,fall to ,s94 ,,! ,,ar*deacon ,,( ,,man*e/]',s ,,!ory4 ,ar*deacon ,j4 ,m4 ,wilson tells u #ahh t ,we are tak+ our "p 9 ! long /ruggle ( good aga9/ evil4 ,?is has be5 (t5 pictur$ to u z ! /ruggle ( ,god aga9/ "s ,p]sonal ,p[] ( ,evil :i* we call ,satan1 ! fact ( /ruggle sugge/+ two rival p[]s4 ,b ! evolution>y way ( reg>d+ x pres5ts ! /ruggle z "o ( ! div9e elem5t 9 man /ruggl+ to ov]come ! purely animal inh]itance ( lu/ & passion inh]it$ f a f> by-gone /age4 ,dr4 ,wilson1 !re=e1 believes1 z e ?or\gh evolutioni/ mu/ believe1 t we h to look to an animal & n a human ance/or = ! ultimate orig9 ( :at we call s94 ,b we want to "k :]e ! ,fall comes 91 & ?is he has expla9$ else:]e1 #ahi 9 :at seems to me to be ! only possible way op5 to an evolutioni/4 ,he says3 ,man fell1 accord+ to sci5ce1 :5 he fir/ became consci\s ( ! conflict ( fre$om & consci5ce2 & ea* individual man falls z 8 ance/or fell4 ,dr4 ,wilson does n attempt to make out t !re 0 any p>ticul> fall at any p>ticul> p]iod 9 man's hi/ory1 su* z ,dr4 ,gore app>5tly /ill cl+s to2 b he pla9ly tells u3 ,i d n mean to say t !re is a p>ticul> mom5t at :i* m5 fell3 x is n s4 ,x is a cont9u\s /ruggle ( good & evil4 ,he cont9ues3 ,i see 9 ?is no?+ to conflict ) a legitimate int]pretation ( ! /ory ( ! ,fall 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ,g5esis4 ,su* a n>rative is n an illusion1 /ill less a m]e fiction2 x is1 z all tea*+ ( spiritual tru? mu/ be1 a tempor>y & figurative mode ( expression4 ,9 o!r words1 ,dr4 ,wilson consid]s ^! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis1 & probably a great deal m ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & "s ( ! ,new1 to be only an allegory4 ,) reg>d to ! ,atonem5t difficulty1 ,dr4 ,wilson's argum5t is simply t ,we ne$ only to look at ! _w z x is to see ! /ruggle ( ! two-fold nature 9 man2 to see t x has ne$ ( a ,r$emption1 ( a ,savi\r4 ,few1 ,i fe>1 w accept ?is late/ explanation by a le>n$ & e>ne/ believ]4 ,!ologians1 9 ,dr4 ,wilson's op9ion1 h made a griev\s mi/ake :5 !y say3 ,if ! /ory ( ! ,fall is n lit]ally true1 !n x is lit]ally false1 & ) x goes ! ne$ ( a ,r$emption1 ( a ,savi\r4 ,yet mo/ p--& ^! w include ! :ole body bo? ( ! old-fa%ion$ or?odox & ( ! unbeliev]s--w c]ta9ly side ) ^? griev\sly mi/ak5 !ologians4 ,,! ,,rationali/',s ,,!ory4 ,to _m ( u !re seems no ne$ :atev] to h rec\rse to ! sup]natural 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( s94 ,x is n "o ( ! my/]ies ( life4 ,:5 we "k :o our ance/ors 71 & h5ce :y we possess c]ta9 in/9cts1 x is q unnecess>y to pr$icate a ,fall4 ,details ( ! ,rationali/'s view ( s9 7& ( ! reasons = morality7 w be f\nd 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ?is book4 ,,conclusions4 ,^!1 !n1 are ! difficulties creat$ by ! doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,!y are difficulties :i* appe> completely to impugn ! v nature ( ,god1 ! v]acity ( ! ,bible1 & ! dogmas ( s9 & its atonem5t4 ,we h already se51 by our /udy ( ,bible criticism & comp>ative my?ology1 h[ grave are ! gr\nds = di/ru/+ ! ,fai?1 & ,evolution seems to be j ! f9i%+ /roke t 0 requir$ = confirm+ our suspicions4 ,we mu/ n[ see :e!r !re are any o!r argum5ts = belief ( suffici5t weight to w>rant u 9 ov]-/epp+ ! b\nd>ies ( reason by an act ( fai?4 ,,!ism ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,failure ,,( ,,!i/ic ,,argum5ts #a4 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks4 ,our next task is to /udy ! argum5ts = !ism4 ,"u ^! may be rang$--! cosmological argum5t1 :i* concludes t !re mu/ be "o et]nal1 uncondition$1 self-exi/5t cause2 ! teleological #aij argum5t1 :i* concludes t nature's fir/ cause mu/ be an intellig5ce2 & ! e?ical argum5t--! pro( f ! moral ord] & consci5ce--:i* concludes t ! supreme intellig5ce mu/ be a moral1 a b5efic5t be+4 ,to ^! may be add$ ! argum5t f religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,,!ism1 ,,& ,,:o ,,are ,,!i/s4 ,fir/ a ^w ab\t !ism4 ,!ism is belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( a ,god z ! creator & rul] ( ! univ]se4 ,x assumes a liv+ relation ( ,god to 8 creatures1 b does n def9e x4 ,al?\gh ,!os & ,deus are equival5t1 !ism has come to be di/+ui%$ f deism4 ,! latt]1 accord+ to "s !ologians1 :ile equally oppos$ to a!ism1 d5ies or ignores ! p]sonality ( ,god1 & !re=e d5ies #aia ,*ri/ianity4 ,!ism1 on ! contr>y1 und]lies ,*ri/ianity4 ,accord+ly1 9 consid]+ ! tru? or untru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 we are conc]n$ only ) !ism4 ,h[ev]1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t1 al?\gh a man _c be a ,*ri/ian )\t be+ a ,!i/1 he may be1 & v (t5 is 9 ^! days1 a ,!i/ )\t be+ a ,*ri/ian4 ,( ! cultur$ m5 :o ?9k !y c /ill lay claim to ! "n ( ,*ri/ian1 ! bulk are1 9 po9t ( fact1 non-,*ri/ian ,!i/s4 ,"s ( ^! quiet _! consci5ce by ! ?\ght t !y are /ill pres]v+ a rev]5t agno/icism ) reg>d to ,*ri/ian dogmas2 :ile c]ta9 anti-,haeckelites ( ! type ( ,pr(essor ,e4 ,armitage 7:o urges sci5tific m5 to rememb] t we only "k appe>ances1 & t :5ev] we affirm any?+ ab\t :at lies beh9d appe>ances we are mak+ haz>d\s inf]5ces #aib7 d n seem to be aw>e t !y are adh]5ts ( "o ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( agno/icism4 ,!ism 9 its mod]n ,unit>ian =m is ! cre$ ( _m ( ! mo/ cultur$ & mo/ religi\s m9ds ( our "t1 alike 9 ,europe & ,am]ica2 & x has also signally %[n its p[] 9 contempor>y ,india4 ,be=e ,i left ! latt] c\ntry a few ye>s ago1 ,i _h an int]e/+ discussion ) "o ( ! lead+ spirits ( ! ,brahmo ,samaj movem5t1 &1 9 answ] to my qu]ies1 he repli$ t x 0 ) ! ,unit>ians t he & 8 fell[ ?9k]s 7 mo/ 9 sympa?y1 & t !y 7 nev] likely to turn ,*ri/ians4 ,?is ,unit>ian !ism1 x may be rem>k$1 is (t5 se5 to approximate to1 or become absorb$ into1 pan!ism or agno/icism4 ,b x is n ( ,unit>ians t ,i w\ld speak s mu* z ( ! man :o calls & (t5 ?9ks himself a ,*ri/ian prop]1 not)/&+ ! admission t ! ,*ri/ian dogmas may be p>tially or :olly false4 ,?is misconception ( ,:at x is to be a ,*ri/ian #aic is "o ( ! _m t t5d to confuse & delay a /raight reply to ! "q1 ,is ,*ri/ianity true8 ,hav+ dige/$ ^! prefatory rem>ks1 let u n[ proce$ to consid] ! ,!i/ic argum5ts4 #b4 ,! ,exi/5ce ( a ,fir/ ,cause--,an ,uncaus$ ,cause4 #aid ,! hypo!sis ( mod]n sci5ce is t ev]y?+ z x n[ exi/s 9 ! univ]se is ! result ( an inf9ite s]ies ( causes & effects2 ev]y?+ t happ5s is ! result ( some?+ else t happ5$ previ\sly1 & s on backw>ds to all et]nity4 ,! agno/ic sci5ti/ says t we "k no?+ ab\t ?is ,inf9ite ,cause1 & t ! idea ( a ,fir/ ,cause is absurd4 ,! ,!i/ affirms t !re is an ,et]nal ,inf9ite ,be+ :o is ! ,fir/ ,cause4 ,he says t x is absurd n to believe 9 a ,fir/ ,cause1 t mat]iali/ic !ories are s absurd comp>$ ) 8 t = ?is reason alone he w\ld rema9 a ,!i/4 ,he appe>s entirely to lose sight ( ! fact t by pr$icat+ a ,fir/ ,cause he only removes ! my/]y a /age fur!r back4 ,he tells u no?+ ab\t ! orig9 ( ! ,fir/ ,cause or ! /ate ( ?+s t prec$$ x4 ,! appe>ance ( a ,fir/ ,cause ^u ! sc5e only increases ! great my/]y4 ,c]ta9ly x does n solve x4 ,we are no =w>d]4 ,! creation ( a my/]y to expla9 a my/]y is a v anci5t cu/om1 b x is a cu/om t has n met ) ! approbation ( sci5ce4 ,! ,!i/ app>5tly ?9ks1 h[ev]1 t he has sci5ce on 8 side4 ,?us1 9 ! ,baird ,lectures ( #ahgf1 ,dr4 ,fl9t /at$ t ! progress ( sci5ce has n m conv9c+ly & completely disp]s$ ! once preval5t notion t ! univ]se 0 creat$ ab\t #f1jjj ye>s ago ?an x has conv9c+ly & completely e/abli%$ t ev]y?+ ( :i* our s5ses in=m u has _h a comm5cem5t 9 "t4 #aie ,?is op9ion is /ill proclaim$ by ! ,*ur* to be ! op9ion ( sci5ce4 ,b mod]n sci5ce does n po9t to a beg9n+ ( ! s*eme ( ?+s4 ,! cons5sus ( op9ion is entirely ! o!r way4 ,s f> z we "k1 ! ultimate cause rec$es = ev] & ev] beyond ! "t :5 !re 0 no di/9ction ( e>? & sea & atmosph]e1 all be+ m+l$ toge!r 9 nebul\s matt]4 ,:]e w\ld ! ,!i/ fix ! comm5cem5t8 ,! gaps on :i* !ology at "o "t reli$ are rapidly disappe>+4 ,! app>5t *asm betwe5 ! organic & inorganic1 betwe5 ! lifeless & t :i* lives1 accord+ to ! late/ conceptions ( sci5ce1 no long] exi/s4 ,man may ev5 succe$ 9 manufactur+ life1 s t yet ano!r teleological argum5t may collapse4 #c4 ,! ,fir/ ,cause an ,intellig5ce4 ,,design ,,& ,,directivity4 ,! argum5t f design is "o :i* appeals p]haps m ?an any o!r to ! av]age man4 ,z he looks ar\nd & reflects1 he feels t !re mu/ be design1 &1 !re=e1 a ,design]4 ,he feels also t ,god mu/ be con/antly pres5t direct+ ! c>ry+ out ( ,8 design4 ,he is 9 accord ) ! ,!i/ :o ma9ta9s t purpose & plan are manife/ ?r\gh\t ! cosmos1 & t1 al?\gh x might be conc$$ t e /ep ( ! process has be5 a*iev$ by ! =ces ( ,evolution1 x is impossible to exclude ! presid+ activity ( a m9d :i* has plann$ ! :ole & pr$et]m9$ ! movem5ts ( e portion4 ,we are to believe1 !n1 t ! ,design] ,himself put ! =ces 9 motion = ! fir/ "t1 t ,he knew exactly :at w\ld be ! product ( ^? =ces d[n to ! m9ute/ detail & = all "t1 & yet1 9 face ( ! undeviat+ law-regulat$ cosmos :i* ,he has creat$1 ,he 9 "s way cont9ues to guide ^! =ces4 ,f ! v fir/ /ep1 ! mak+ ( ! electron & !nce ! atom1 to ! la/1 ! mak+ ( man's bra91 ! ,!i/ sees ! f+] ( ,god4 ,! my/]y ( life is ?us tak5 to be expla9$ or dim9i%$ by ass]t+ t x is produc$ & controll$ by "s o!r my/]y4 ,! only alt]native to ?is belief1 s he ma9ta9s1 is a univ]se ( r&om *ance & caprici\s disord]4 ,b ,haeckel & 8 colleagues hold t ! direction :i* ! evolution>y ag5cies take is n '=tuit\s'2 t !y nev] c\ld take b ! "o direction :i* !y h actually tak54 #aif ,:ile ! ,!i/ says ! ultimate object mu/ h be5 =ese5 & ! =ces mu/ h be5 guid$1 or !y w\ld nev] h work$ /eadily 9 ?is def9ite direction1 ! ,moni/ says t ^! =ces no m ne$$ guid+ ?an does a tramc>2 !re 0 only "o direction possible = !m4 #aig ,to refute ?is ! apologi/ gravely replies t1 if y ca/ to ! gr\nd an inf9ite 7or a f9ite7 numb] ( lett]s1 !y might aft] inf9ite gyrations make a ^w "h & !re2 b we %\ld ?9k ! man an en?usia/ :o expect$ ev5 a %ort s5t5ce1 & a fool if he ev] expect$ !m to make a poem4 ,we are expect$1 x seems1 to reg>d x z a miracle t natural =ces %\ld n lose _! uni=m "*1 & act miracul\sly6 ,evid5tly1 ei!r ! "q is begg$ or ! analogy is absurd4 ,an argum5t ( ?is k9d is worse ?an useless1 = x only s]ves to demon/rate ! hopelessness ( ! teleologi/'s position4 ,sp9oza's position is m reasonable2 = he conceives t all is ! outcome ( inexorable necessity--t nei!r *ance nor purpose gov]ns ! et]nal & ! inf9ite4 ,,directivity4 ,directivity has hi!rto be5 insi/$ ^u by ,!i/s4 ,x w\ld n con=m ) our ideas ( ,god t ,he %\ld rema9 a passive obs]v] s soon z ,he _h inv5t$ a ma*9e t w\ld nev] /op1 & _h />t$ x go+4 ,yet int]f]5ce ) ! ma*9]y is inconceivable1 ! univ]se be+ rul$ by et]nal1 immutable1 & irrefragable laws4 ,! only possible conception ( telic purposeful action on a cosmic scale is t1 f ! />t1 ! matt]-=ce reality 0 ( su* a nature t x w\ld infallibly evolve into ! cosmos we =m "p ( to-day4 ,any o!r conception ( 'guidance' & 'control' is totally un?9kable4 ,&1 z a fact1 ,!i/s are settl+ d[n to =mulate _! position 9 t way4 ,! int]f]5ce1 z ,w>d says1 took place be=e ! process began4 #aih ,a ,law ,mak] c be po/ulat$1 b !re is n a p>ticle ( evid5ce t ,he is also a ,law ,break]4 ,attempts are /ill made1 h[ev]1 by cl]ical sci5ti/s to prove t !re is directivity4 ,! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,george ,h5sl[1 9 8 book1 ,pres5t-,day ,rationalism ,critically ,exam9$1 argues t ! t5d5cy :i* liv+ organisms %[ to develop 9 "o direction r ?an ano!r1 & _! capacity to respond to environm5t1 betok5 a direct+ ,m9d4 ,grant+1 = ! mom5t1 t ! doctr9e ( ,natural ,selection is false or inadequate1 x seems to me t ! ackn[l$g$ facts ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce & survival ( ! fitte/ suffici5tly dispose ( ?is new apology4 ,organisms d n all adapt !mselves to environm5t1 & _! fate1 9 consequ5ce1 is fir/ "o ( increas+ mis]y1 & f9ally ( ext9ction4 ,only ^? t d adapt !mselves survive4 ,x appe>s t a sci5ti/ :5 he turns apologi/ is conv5i5tly able to =get all b ! m =tunate organisms4 ,,design4 ,if ! evid5ce = a direct+ ,m9d has to be giv5 up1 ! difficulties ( a ,!i/ are c]ta9ly increas$4 ,!re w\ld be difficulties1 = in/ance1 reg>d+ ! utility ( pray]4 ,/ill1 he c\ld ?9k ) ,fa!r ,waggett t ! int]action ( =ces inh]5t 9 ! :ole produces ! inf9ite v>iety ( liv+ beauty :i* we see4 #aii ,& he c /ill jo9 ) ,dr4 ,fl9t 9 exclaim+3 ,e atom1 e molecule1 mu/1 ev5 9 :at is ultimate 9 x1 be> ! impress ( a ,sup]natural ,p[] & ,wisdom2 mu/ reflect ! glory ( ,god1 & proclaim its dep5d5ce ^u ,him4 #bjj ,to rema9 a ,!i/1 h[ev]1 "o mu/ h n only evid5ce ( design1 b ( ! b5evol5t int5tion ( ! ,design]4 ,be=e consid]+ ! latt] "q1 ,i v5ture to (f] a few fur!r rem>ks ab\t ! =m]4 ,is !re consi/5t evid5ce ( design8 ,beauty4--,z a pro( ( design we are ask$ by ! ,!i/ to contemplate ! beauty & sublimity :i* ! univ]se exhibits4 ,let u contemplate1 !n1 ! beauty ( ! ,bay ( ,naples4 ,is x n purely accid5tal1 purely ! outcome ( natural ag5cies1 ( effects produc$ by position1 di/ance1 etc48 ,aga91 ! beauty ( ! diatoms t are br\ght f ! l[e/ dep?s ( ! ocean1 ! beauty ( ! radiol>ia t sw>m ab\t ! coa/1 & ! beauty ( a ?\s& m9ute animal /ructures1 are obvi\sly n design$ & purpos$ beauties4 ,!y 7 unkn[n until ! microscope 0 inv5t$2 ! pol>iscope reveals yet fur!r beauties2 ! telescope yet m4 ,! idea ( ^! be+ design$ = our1 or = ,god's1 ent]ta9m5t belongs1 z ,mr4 ,mallock says1 'to a pre-sci5tific age4' #bja ,x is sometimes urg$ t ! t5d5cy ( evolution is t[>ds great] beauty4 ,is x8 ,t all dep5ds ^u :at y\r idea ( beauty may be--:e!r y w consid] ! /ructure be/ suit$ to its environm5t beautiful or o!rwise4 ,we are told t !re are signs t ! human race w "o day be too?less4 ,at pres5t we admire pretty tee?2 p]haps our desc5dants w g into raptures ov] a too?less gum4 ,t _! s5se ( beauty may n be outrag$1 let u hope x may be s4 ,! hide\s pigmies ( ,c5tral ,africa probably ?9k !mselves beautiful1 & 9 ! di/ant future1 :5 ! conditions ( exi/5ce on ?is globe h radically *ang$1 & :5 its inhabitants h adapt$ !mselves to ^? conditions1 ! new beauties may possibly be q z ugly z miss+ l9ks4 ,aft] all1 beauty is a matt] ( ta/e4 ,! suffici5t objection to ! beauty argum5t is1 to my m9d1 conta9$ 9 a v few words3 ,look at ! ugl9ess6 ,:o design$ t8 ,h>mony4--,b1 x w be urg$1 if beauty is a poor argum5t1 at lea/ y mu/ grant t ! g5]al h>mony 9 ,nature /ill rema9s to be acc\nt$ =4 ,beauty is only "o ( its c\ntless h>monies4 ,! objection to ?is argum5t is a v simple "o4 ,nature is full ( discords4 ,ugl9ess is by no means ! only discord4 ,x is because ?is is s little realis$ t ,m4 ,elie ,met*nik(f has devot$ ne>ly ! :ole ( 8 book1 ,! ,nature ( ,man1 to ! discussion ( ! di%>monies 9 man's nature alone4 ,!re are di%>monies 9 ! organisation ( ! dige/ive sy/em1 9 ! organisation & activities ( ! reproductive app>atus1 9 ! family & social in/9cts1 & 9 ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation1 etc4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! human body !re are di%>monies ( ! wisdom tee?1 ! bte-noire ( d5ti/ry2 ( ! useless v]mi=m app5dage1 ! seat ( ! disease app5dicitis2 ( ! l>ge inte/9e1 :i* c\ld v well be disp5s$ )1 & is ! seat ( _m grave diseases1 su* z dys5t]y1 & s on4 ,! p]v]sions ( in/9ct among human be+s 7ano!r di%>mony7 are likely to be attribut$ by ! cons]vative ,!i/ to ! ,devil1 & by ! lib]al to ,dr4 ,gore's ,fall f ,)\t1 s x w be bett] to take an example f ! animal _w4 ,d>w9 in=ms u t ! female ( "o ( ! emus 7,dromoeus irroratus71 z soon z %e cat*es sight ( h] prog5y1 becomes viol5tly agitat$1 &1 not)/&+ ! resi/ance ( ! fa!r1 appe>s to use h] utmo/ endeav\rs to de/roy !m 7,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 ii41 *ap1 xvi41 pp4 #bjd-bje74 ,to ^? :o /ill hold by ?is argum5t ,i c only recomm5d a p]usal ( ,pr(essor ,met*nik(f's book ( di%>monies1 & w\ld beg !m to rememb] t x has be5 writt5 by a man ^: pr(ession & atta9m5ts entitle 8 op9ions on su* a subject to ! highe/ consid]ation4 ,! cruelty att5d+ ! process by :i* h>mony is atta9$ has already be5 comm5t$ ^u by me 9 #b ( ! previ\s *apt]4 ,,diff]5ces ,,( ,,op9ion ,,among ,,!i/ic ,,apologi/s4 ,i h f9ally to call att5tion to ! fact t ev5 among ! apologi/s !mselves !re is consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! value ( ^! argum5ts = ,!ism4 ,dr4 ,fl9t exclaims3 ,/range z x may seem1 !re are _m ,!i/s at ! pres5t day :o repres5t x revelation ( ,god 9 ! :ole ( nature ext]nal to u z insuffici5t1 or ev5 wor?less1 & :o jo9 ! ,a!i/s 9 d5y+ t ,god's exi/5ce c be prov$1 & 9 affirm+ t all ! argum5ts = ,8 exi/5ce are inconclusive & sophi/ical4 ,su* ,!i/s seem to me n only ! be/ allies ( ,a!i/s1 b ev5 m effective lab\r]s 9 ! cause ( unbelief ?an ,a!i/s !mselves4 #bjb ,s9ce ,dr4 ,fl9t wrote ^! words ! numb] ( su* ,!i/s has va/ly increas$4 ,x is own$ on all sides by ! advanc$ s*ool ( apologi/s t ,god's exi/5ce _c be prov$ by an appeal to ! reason+ faculties2 &1 among o!r argum5ts1 t f design is gradually be+ disc>d$4 ,fa!r ,waggett (f]s u int]e/+ in=mation reg>d+ ?is argum5t 9 8 little book1 ,religion & ,sci5ce4 #bjc ,he consid]s t ,paley & o!rs ( ! old teleologi/s 7 wrong 9 lean+ ^u a n>r[ argum5t f design4 ,x ne$ n "h be repeat$1 he says1 t ! evid5ce ( su* workman%ip _c prove ,god 9 ! true s5se ( an inf9ite & all-wise ,cause2 b only a cause possess$ ( imm5se wisdom & imm5se ?\gh limit$ p[]1 a ,demiurgus ( ! greate/ =ce & ! mo/ m9ute c>e1 b n a ,creator 9 ! s5se ( !ology4 #bjd ,fa!r ,waggett1 :o is a biologi/1 &1 !re=e1 necess>ily an ,evolutioni/1 w\ld n be disconc]t$ if liv+ ?+s 7 manufactur$ 9 ! laboratory to-morr[4 ,9 8 op9ion1 ,if any:]e we cat* nature 9 ! mak+1 if we surprise ! sequ5ce by :i* ev5 man himself ga9$ 8 diff]5ce f o!r ?+s1 we %all n by ?is f9d rev]5ce l[]$4444 ,x is a !ological readju/m5t :i* is requir$1 & n "o 9 'natural sci5ce4' #bje ,! position "h tak5 up is wise1 & "o t all :o rema9 ,!i/s w ev5tually h to adopt4 ,b = mo/ ( u ^! !ological readju/m5ts are no easy matt]4 ,we reason t ,paley's ,evid5ces h 9 _! "t assi/$ m5 to be ,!i/s1 & n[ 8 argum5ts are condemn$ by ! bett] in=m$4 ,h[ d we "k t ! same fate may n await ! new argum5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian evolutioni/8 ,h[ is x t ,god all[$ e>ne/ & le>n$ div9es to commit !mselves to argum5ts 9 pro( ( ,8 exi/5ce1 ! subsequ5t ov]?r[ ( :i* has be5 a pot5t cause = unbelief8 #d4 ,! ,fir/ ,cause a ,b5efic5t ,intellig5ce4 ,a ,,p]sonal ,,god4 ,z ages roll on1 ,god's attributes--or r1 we %\ld say1 ! attributes giv5 ,him by man--are cont9ually alt]+4 ,all t ! e>ly gods dem&$ 0 fe> & wor%ip4 ,ev5 ! ,jehovah ( ! ,jews ask$ at fir/ little else ?an ?is4 ,an?ropomorphic conceptions ( ,god are n[ admitt$ by ! cultur$ to be a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,d !y n1 h[ev]1 /ill survive :5 human emotions1 su* z love & ang]1 happ9ess & sorr[1 are attribut$ to ! ,deity8 ,we ackn[l$ge ,god to be inf9ite1 &1 consequ5tly1 incompreh5sible by f9ite m9ds2 yet we imag9e & attempt to argue t ,he possesses ! same qualities--^? we mo/ admire--z ourselves6 ,h[ c we believe 9 a p]sonal ,god8 asks ! ,rationali/4 ,a p]son mu/ h limitations1 or he ceases to be a p]son4 ,h[ev]1 we mu/ n =get t 9 philosophy & !ology ! ^w p]son simply implies a nature end[$ ) consci\sness1 & does n involve limits4 ,demurr+ to ?is def9ition1 !re /ill rema9s ano!r difficulty4 ,9 all our exp]i5ce & k1 emotions & intellig5ce are connect$ ) n]ve /ructures2 h[1 !n1 c we attribute ^! qualities to a ,be+ :o is describ$ to u z devoid ( any n]ve /ructure8 ,i "k ( no answ] t c\ld be call$ satisfactory f a ,!i/ic /&po9t4 ,9 ! previ\s section we consid]$ ! doctr9e ( f9al causes4 ,?is doctr9e1 z ,sp9oza po9ts out1 #bjf does away ) ! p]fection ( ,god2 =1 if ,god acts = an object1 ,he necess>ily desires some?+ :i* ,he lacks4 ,! ,!i/ goes a /ep fur!r ?an ! m]e teleologi/1 & insi/s on a b5evol5t purpose ?r\gh\t nature4 ,is he1 !n1 oblivi\s to ,sp9oza's objection8 ,no1 he is n2 & !re=e x is t he /ruggles to save 8 p]sonal ,god by an inf9ite ext5sion ( ! limits ( ,8 p]sonality4 ,9 f9e1 ,!ism1 9 ! h&s ( its mod]n advocates1 & 9 spite ( ! seem+ or?odoxy ( ! phrase1 ,div9e ,imman5ce1 is (t5 no?+ less ?an ano!r =m ( ,pan!ism4 ,,div9e ,,imman5ce ,,9 ,,nature4 ,! ,*ur*'s great philosoph] to-day1 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,r4 ,ill+wor?1 ,d4,d41 argues #bjg t ,div9e ,imman5ce 9 ,nature excludes ,pan!ism--! belief t ,god is m]ely imman5t 9 nature--z well z ,deism & ,monism1 :ile x h>monises ) ,tr9it>ianism4 ,we are to conceive ( ,god z at once transc5d+ & imman5t 9 nature4 #bjh ,he admits t ?is relation%ip may be incompreh5sible1 #bji b /ates t we "k x 9 our own case to be a fact4 #baj ,aft]w>ds he puts ! "q1 ,is ! univ]se ,8 body or ,8 "w8 #baa & proce$s to expla9 t ! ,tr9it>ian conception ( ,god furni%es1 or helps to furni%1 an answ] to ?is "q4 ,x is1 he ma9ta9s1 intellectually ! mo/ satisfactory4 #bab ,x app>5tly is s to c]ta9 subtle & biass$ intellects2 b ! "q is1 ,is x s1 w x ev] be s1 to ! av]age mortal8 ,a ,,fact ,,9 ,,hi/ory4 ,9 ano!r place1 #bac :5 speak+ aga9 ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 he says3 ,m5 =get t x supports & is support$ by ! :ole weight ( a fact 9 hi/ory1 ) :i* no?+ else 9 ! wide _w c ev5 = a mom5t be comp>$4 ,t fact is ! age-long empire ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ov] ! he>ts ( m54 ,?is1 !n1 is ! f9al argum5t 9 support ( ! ,*ri/ian dogmas1 includ+ ?is ! mo/ incompreh5sible ( !m all4 ,:y %\ld n ! ,buddhi/ claim ! same au?ority = ! dogmas ( 8 fai?8 ,! evid5tial value is precisely ! same4 ,turn to any well-kn[n "w be>+ on ?is phase ( ! "q4 ,read1 we w say1 ,edw9 ,arnold's poem1 ,! ,light ( ,asia2 or1 bett] /ill1 read ,mr4 ,field+'s books1 ,! ,s\l ( a ,p & ,! ,he>ts ( ,m51 & he> ! words ( "o :o has liv$ = ye>s among ,buddhi/s & /udi$ _! he>ts4 ,t an ideal %\ld reign ov] ! he>ts ( m5 is no new ?+2 mu* less is ?is a cause = m>vel :5 ,"o has come1 claim+ to be ,god made manife/--manife/ 9 ord] to attract our love4 #bad ,*ri/ian apologi/s urge t ,he has n only attract$ ! he>ts ( m5 9 ! pa/1 b /ill reta9s ,8 hold ^u _! affections1 & t !re9 lies an ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & all o!r religions4 ,*ri/ianity1 say !y1 9 ?is respect at lea/1 /&s pre-em95tly alone4 ,is n ,buddhism1 !n1 "o ( ! great liv+ religions ( ! pres5t day8 ,has x n exi/$ dur+ tw5ty-f\r c5turies8 ,does x n at ! pres5t "t surpass1 9 ! numb] ( its foll[]s & ! area ( its preval5ce1 any o!r =m ( cre$8 ,is n ,gautama ,buddha wor?y ( m5's love1 if we are to cr$it ! be/ au!nticat$ records ( 8 life8 ,discordant 9 frequ5t p>ticul>s1 writes #bae ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold1 & sorely ov]laid by corruptions1 inv5tions1 & misconceptions1 ! ,buddhi/ical books yet agree 9 ! "o po9t ( record+ no?+--no s+le act or ^w--:i* m>s ! p]fect purity & t5d]ness ( ?is ,indian tea*]1 :o unit$ ! true/ pr9cely qualities ) ! intellect ( a sage & ! passionate devotion ( a m>tyr4 ,lov+ disciples1 liv+ 9 an age ( ignorance & sup]/ition1 pi\sly ascrib$ to him div9e p[]s1 &1 disobey+ 8 m&ate1 gave him f]v5t wor%ip4 ,t wor%ip1 t adoration1 /ill p]si/s4 ,s likewise ! adoration ( ,jesus ,*ri/ /ill p]si/s4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a fact 9 hi/ory2 b c we safely build ^u x ! metaphysical !ories ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?8 ,,! ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,e?ical ,,argum5t4 ,9 my comm5ts ^u ,dr4 ,ill+wor?'s views reg>d+ ,div9e ,imman5ce ,i fe> ,i h digress$ some:at f ! subject at pres5t "u consid]ation--! ,!i/ic argum5t f a ,b5efic5t ,intellig5ce4 ,! e?ical argum5t held a v subord9ate place 9 ! e/imation ( writ]s on natural !ology until ,kant re/$ on x almo/ ! :ole weight ( ,!ism4 ,x has ev] s9ce be5 prom95t1 & has be5 ! argum5t mo/ reli$ ^u to produce practical conviction4 #baf ,:at 0 once ! weake/ argum5t has n[ become ! /ronge/4 ,:y8 ,n1 ,i take x1 because any?+ has occurr$ to make ! weak] any /rong]1 b because :at 0 ?\ght to be ! /ronge/ is n[ f\nd to be weak] ?an ! weake/6 ,h[ c ! e?ical argum5t be ma9ta9$ 9 face ( objections :i* cont9ue to become ev] grav] z our k increases8 ,!i/s cont5d #bag t !re mu/ be a future life if only because ! gl>+ wrongs ( ?is _w h to be right$4 ,:at is ?is b a nave admission t ! pro(s ( ! ,deity's b5evol5ce are sadly want+8 ,,evil ,,= ,,:i* ,,man ,,is ,,n ,,held ,,responsible4 ,! problem ( pa91 & ( evil g5]ally1 has be5 p>tially discuss$ 9 ! *apt] on ,evolution4 ,! importance ( ?is problem is v great1 =1 by ! univ]sal cons5t ( ,*ri/5dom 7n ( mank9d1 z we %all see lat] on71 ! v "n ( ,god c>ries ) x ! s5se ( goodness1 ! highe/ & be/ t we "k ( or c imag9e4 ,= ?is reason x is cu/om>y = ! pi\s to reg>d e calamity rev]5tly z a puni%m5t f ,god1 or z s]v+ "s good purpose4 ,?us ! ,g]man ,emp]or1 imbu$ f *ildhood ) ?is pi\s !ory1 w>n$ 8 p t ! ,japanese _h be5 s5t z a sc\rge f ,god1 & ,fa!r ,b]n>d ,vaughan 7prea*+ at ,lanca/] on ,augu/ #bf?1 #aijf7 decl>$ t ,god _h utt]$ w>n+s to ,engl& by ! eruption ( ,vesuvius & ! ,san ,franciscan & ,*ilian e>?quakes4 ,c ?is supposition be ma9ta9$ :5 ! cata/rophe occurs 9 ! wrong place1 :5 tornadoes & e>?quakes de/roy ,god's own temples1 & :5 ! innoc5t suff] = ! guilty8 ,) ! op9ion ( ! sci5ti/ we are1 or ought to be by n[1 famili>4 ,! fundam5tal axiom ( sci5tific ?\ght is t !re is n1 nev] has be51 & nev] w be1 any disord] 9 ,nature4 ,! admission ( ! occurr5ce ( any ev5t :i* 0 n ! logical consequ5ce ( ! imm$iately antec$5t ev5ts1 accord+ to ^? def9ite1 asc]ta9$1 or unasc]ta9$ rules :i* we call ! 'laws ( ,nature1' w\ld be an act ( self-de/ruction on ! "p ( sci5ce 7,huxley on ,cata/rophes1 p4 #bdg ( 8 ,essays on ,controv]t$ ,que/ions74 ,i rememb]1 at ! "t ( ! t]rible cata/rophe 9 ,m>t9ique1 due to ! eruption ( ,mont ,pele1 ask+ a lady3 ,d y ?9k ?is :olesale slaught] & awful suff]+ has any connection ) ! wick$ness ( ! afflict$ p8 ,c]ta9ly1 %e repli$2 !y mu/ h be5 v wick$ p4 ,x j s happ5$ t ! only man :o escap$ sca!less 0 a murd]] :o _h be5 imprison$ 9 a cell bel[ gr\nd4 ,s ! !ory %e & ,i _h be5 br\ght up to believe 9 w\ld n "w1 :i*ev] way y look$ at x4 ,! apologi/ has usually a numb] ( /r+s to 8 b[2 &1 z ! ,old ,te/am5t tea*+ conc]n+ bad m5 desc5d+ quick into ! pit w\ld n suit1 he might argue t ! crim9al 0 giv5 an opportunity = rep5tance4 ,9 t case1 we mu/ suppose t all ! o!rs :o p]i%$ _h no ne$ ( rep5tance4 ,aga91 ) reg>d to ! t]rible tortures t _m endur$1 x c\ld be argu$ t ^? :om ! ,"l love? ,he *a/5e?2 b :at possible object c\ld !re be 9 ?is *a/5+ dur+ ! la/ mom5ts ( _! life ^u e>?8 ,! agony ( ! dea?-/ruggle1 suff]$ by ! good & ! bad alike1 has yet to be %[n to be 9 accord ) ! !ory ( a b5evol5t ,deity4 ,! old-fa%ion$ idea t cata/rophes1 plagues1 fam9es1 etc41 7 s5t z puni%m5ts = our misdo+s is gradually be+ modifi$4 ,dr4 ,fl9t says di/9ctly3 ,i _c agree ) ^? :o ?9k !re is no my/]y 9 m]e pa9--t x is suffici5tly acc\nt$ = by moral evil4 #bah ,x seems a pity t 8 advocacy = b5evol5ce 9 ! ,deity %\ld lead him aft]w>ds to qualify ?is s5sible /atem5t by an amaz+ ass]tion :i* begs ! :ole "q4 ,! "* ( pa9 itself1 he says1 is su* z to indicate t its au?or mu/ be a b5evol5t be+--"o :o does n afflict = 8 own pleasure1 b = 8 creatures' pr(it4 #bai ,! pr(it consi/s1 we are told1 9 ! fact t we are prev5t$ ?r\gh fe> ( pa9 f runn+ into dang]4 ,h[ peculi>ly appropriate & consolatory su* a view ( pa9 mu/ be to1 let u say1 a p]son crippl$ ) rheumatoid ar?ritis6 ,man's highly s5sitive & delicate organisation inevitably entails pa9 :5 no useful purpose ( ?is k9d c possibly be s]v$2 yet we are to suppose t an ,omnipot5t ,be+ devis$ ?is crude & cruel me?od = tea*+ u to avoid ! p]ils ) :i* ,he ,himself has surr\nd$ u6 ,"o ( our greate/ liv+ surgeons1 ,sir ,fr$]ick ,treves1 assures u #bbj t ! symptoms ( disease are m>k$ by purpose1 & ! purpose is b5efic5t4 ,! processes ( disease1 he goes on to expla91 aim n at ! de/ruction ( life1 b at ! sav+ ( x4 ,"h1 inde$1 is m gri/ = ! mill ( ! apologi/4 ,b :at does ?is special plead+ am\nt to8 ,to ?is3 ,because ?r\gh suff]+ we may survive a dang]\s disease1 we %\ld be grateful to ! ,supreme ,intellig5ce :o creat$ ! pres]vative z well z ! de/ructive microbes2 we %\ld be grateful to ! ,almighty :o has fa%ion$ fri5d & foe1 & :o1 mu* to our discom=t1 has select$ our int]ior economy = ! battlefield6 ,surely1 if ! surmise ( b5evol5ce is to be ent]ta9$ at all1 x mu/ be at ! sacrifice ( ! surmise ( omnipot5ce4 ,! ,supreme ,intellig5ce _c be an ,almighty ,god if ,he be ! ,fa!r ( all m]cies4 ,!re are ,!i/s :o c&idly admit ! p]plexities ( ! situation4 ,on ! horns ( a dilemma !y h no option b to fall back ^u ! primitive !ory3 ,all unacc\ntable evil is ! "w ( a ho/ile & evil p[] :i* seeks cont9ually to fru/rate ! b5evol5t int5tions ( ! ,creator4 ,speak+ = myself1 says ! au?or ( ,pro ,fide1 #bba ,i am unable to believe t hide\s & excruciat+ diseases1 su* z canc]1 :i* affect bo? m5 & animals1 & :i* _c1 9 ! case ( animals at lea/1 be expla9$ z a moral discipl9e1 are ! "w ( a good & b5evol5t ,god4 ,i endorse absolutely ! words ( ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,abbott4 ',i _c ?9k1' he says1 '( diseases & pa91 & ! conflict 9 ! animal _w = life & dea?1 z be+1 s to speak1 "p ( ,god's fir/ int5tion4' ,disease1 suff]+1 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 & ! law ( prey are !n1 aft] all1 ! ,devil's h&iwork1 & s is also1 presumably1 ! law ( ! survival ( ! fitte/4 7,*ri/ian evolutioni/s1 take note6 ,9 exon]at+ & extoll+ ! evolution>y processes1 y are exon]at+ & extoll+ ! works ( ! ,devil67 ,! ,zoroa/rian view1 he cont9ues1 mu/ be reject$ because x po/ulates two fir/ pr9ciples1 :i* is a pla9 metaphysical impossibility4 ,! view :i* is n op5 to ?is or any o!r objection1 & :i* he calls ! ,!i/ic view1 supposes t a l>ge %>e ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! mat]ial univ]se 0 committ$1 at ! creation1 to a p]sonal _s1 ( great1 b n unlimit$1 p[] & intellig5ce1 :o1 hav+ be5 orig9ally creat$ good1 subsequ5tly fell1 & introduc$ evil & disord] into ! _w4444 ,?is hypo!sis ( a p]sonal devil has _m advantages4 ,x expla9s ! :ole ( ! facts2 x avoids ! po/ulation ( two fir/ causes2 x v9dicates ! moral p]fection ( ! ,deity2 & x all[s ! optimi/ic hope to be ent]ta9$ t 9 ! end good w triumph ov] evil4 ,all ?is is highly in/ructive4 ,= x means t1 9 ! op9ion ( an erudite apologi/ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 fl\ri%+ a4d4 #aijf1 ! moral p]fection ( ! ,deity c only be v9dicat$ on ! hypo!sis ( a p]sonal devil6 ,d\btless ?is hypo!sis--&1 rememb]1 x is no?+ m ?an a hypo!sis1 & "o t is n[ g5]ally discr$it$--fits 9 admirably2 b ! "q is1 ,are we to accept x1 h[ev] imag9>y & oppos$ to ! facts ( sci5ce1 j because x is s suitable8 ,!re rema9s ! usual retort ( ! religioni/ :5 closely corn]$3 ,! f9ite m9d _c expect to und]/& ! ,inf9ite4 ,he appe>s to =get entirely t :5 he advances pro(s ( ! ,god ( 8 he>t he himself is us+ 8 f9ite m9d1 & t 8 oppon5ts !re=e h an equal "r to use !irs :5 criticis+ 8 pro(s4 ,?is by ! way4 ,! p>ticul> po9t we h to notice is t ! appeal to ?is negative argum5t am\nts to an admission t ! pro(s d inde$ appe> all ! o!r way4 ,?us 9 ! "q n[ be=e u1 ,is ! ,fir/ ,cause a b5efic5t intellig5ce8 we f9d t a /atem5t confid5tly proclaim$ by ! pi\s is n only unsupport$ by evid5ce1 b 9 spite ( x--a m]e ass]tion sugge/$ by ! emotions4 ,) m mode/y & 7may ,i add87 ) m common s5se1 ! agno/ic disclaims any k ( ,god1 hold+ t human k is limit$ to exp]i5ce1 & t1 s9ce ! absolute & uncondition$1 if x exi/s at all1 _c fall )9 exp]i5ce1 we h no "r to ass]t any?+ :atev] ) reg>d to x4 ,,evil ,,= ,,:i* ,,man ,,is ,,held ,,responsible4 ,! v exi/5ce ( ! ,god ( our he>ts dep5ds ^u ! pro( ( ,8 morality4 ,! argum5t f moral ord] seems at fir/ sight a /rong "o4 ,morality1 ev5 adopt+ ! naturali/'s explanation t x is only a social in/9ct1 c be reg>d$ z ! result ( a div9e sp>k4 ,its b5eficial influ5ce on ! happ9ess ( ! individual & ! well-be+ ( ! race _c be too /rongly insi/$ ^u z a well-asc]ta9$ fact4 ,virtue is self-rew>d+1 & vice is self-puni%+4 #bbb ,b ! ,rationali/ asks3 ,:y design man's nature s t he is m likely to g wrong1 :5 he gets ! *ance1 ?an to g "r2 & ?is 9 despite ( ! moral or social in/9ct8 ,! usual answ] ( ! religioni/ is t1 if we c\ld n d wrong1 we %\ld be m]e ma*9es4 ,no d\bt1 says ! au?or ( ,pro ,fide1 if ,god _h made u :at ,mr4 ,huxley says we are1 consci\s automata1 we %\ld h be5 incapable ( s92 b x is bett] to be m51 ) all ! glori\s possibilities ( fre$om & virtue1 ?an to be ma*9es1 h[ev] excell5t4 ,n[1 d we all[ our *ildr5 to *oose = !mselves :5 we "k !y w *oose wrongly8 ,d we n gu>d !m aga9/ ! +lori\s possibilities--! slav]y ( vice8 ,if we fail 9 our duty to !m & !y fall1 %\ld we add to our guilt by p]petrat+ on !m unimag9able cruelties8 ,aga91 d we n pref] ! fell[%ip ( ! good-natur$8 ,yet ^!1 accord+ to ! religioni/1 are ! v]ie/ automata comp>$ ) ^? :o h inh]it$ vici\s or disagreeable *>act]i/ics1 & d _! be/ to fight aga9/ !m4 ,be ?is z x may1 ! fact rema9s t ! less =tunately end[$ are seldom able to raise !mselves up to ! level ( ! m =tunately end[$--environm5t may1 ( c\rse1 elevate ! "o1 z x may also degrade ! o!r--& !re is no d\bt ^: society we pref]4 ,:y %\ld x be bett] = m5 to be capable (--or1 r1 may we n say prone to--s98 ,:y %\ld _! ,mak] grant !m glori\s possibilities :i* ,he has d5i$ to ,himself8 ,:y %\ld ,he alone be a ma*9e t _c g wrong8 ,surely !re is some?+ amiss 9 an argum5t t furni%es su* inadequate excuses 9 ord] to expla9 :y ! ,design] gave u natures inf9itely inf]ior to ,8 own4 ,oh1 ,?\ :o man f base/ clay did/ make1 ,& e'en = ,p>adise devis$ ! snake1 ,= all ! s9 :]e) ! face ( man ,is black5$1 man's =giv5ess give--& take6 ,"s ( ,nature's plans w\ld appe> to be specially design$ to br+ out ! wor/ side ( ! div]se nature implant$ 9 man4 ,! plan ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce is a palpable in/ance4 ,take ano!r--take ! plan = ! reproduction ( life4 ,c\ld any ,omnipot5t ,be+ be pr\d ( x8 ,let alone ! unfair division ( pa91 :i* ! discr$it$ ,ed5 /ory c n[ no long] acc\nt =1 is x helpful to man 9 8 /ruggle to improve 8 nature8 ,! plan be+ ,god's plan1 x is enjo9$ ^u u t ! procreation ( *ildr5 is a sacr$ duty2 b x is also pla9ly intimat$ t to ab/a9 f m>riage altoge!r is yet m m]itori\s4 ,simil>ly 9 ,mi?raism1 ,buddhism1 ! religions ( anci5t ,am]ica & o!r pre-,*ri/ian cults1 ! sanctity ( ! celibate life is upheld4 ,if man is n do+ 8 be/ 9 obey+ ! behe/s ( 8 ,mak]1 h[ c he d "r8 ,has he be5 giv5 a fair *ance :5 an in/9ct s hurtful is implant$ 9 him t ev5 its natural gratification 9 ! div9ely appo9t$ mann] is likely to h9d] him 9 ! cultivation ( 8 spiritual nature2 ?is al?\gh matrimony 0 orda9$--s our pray]-book tells u--= a rem$y aga9/ s98 ,! tru? is t ?is necess>y in/9ct1 q ap>t f its responsibility = mu* sorr[ & /rife & q ap>t f its t]rible t5d5cy to p]v]sion1 is innately prejudicial to our moral elevation1 &1 9 ord] to pres]ve a heal?y1 happy m9d1 ! less we all[ our ?\ghts to dwell ^u its fulfilm5t ! bett]4 ,aga91 a v little disord] 9 ! organisation ( ! bra9 suffices to cause halluc9ations ( ! s5ses1 to %ake ! intellect f its ?rone1 to p>alyse ! w1 & to corrupt ! s5tim5ts & affections4 #bbc ,h[ precise & skilful1 rem>ks ,dr4 ,fl9t1 lo/ 9 admiration ( ! ,design]1 mu/ be ! adju/m5t betwe5 ! s\nd bra9 & ! sane m9d6 ,h[ fi5d-l1 says ! horrifi$ ,rationali/1 w\ld be ! ,intellect :i* c\ld h ex]cis$ its +5uity to devise a me*anism inh]5tly liable to get out ( ord]1 & !reby to trans=m its unhappy possessor into a fool or villa94 ,9 ! ev5t ( ! latt] result1 moreov]1 man1 accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+ 7if hone/ly int]pret$71 is to suff] et]nal torm5t6 ,,consci5ce4 ,reg>d+ !ories ( ! orig9 ( consci5ce su* z ^? ( ,j4 ,s4 ,mill1 ,ba91 ,d>w91 & ,sp5c]1 ,dr4 ,fl9t rem>ks3 ,x does n matt] :e!r consci5ce be prim>y or d]ivative2 x exi/s4 #bbd ,t x does matt] is %[n by ! fact t ! bulk ( ! apologi/s /ill /\tly ma9ta9 t consci5ce is a special attribute ( man--a div9e in/9ct--& is n d]iv$ f ! l[] animals4 ,we h1 ,i ?9k1 gone into ?is suffici5tly 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 & ,i %all conf9e my rem>ks to ano!r aspect ( ! "q--! fallibility ( ! moral consci\sness4 ,! exi/5ce1 x is urg$1 ( a moral pr9ciple )9 u1 ( a consci5ce :i* witnesses aga9/ s9 & on behalf ( hol9ess1 is ( itself evid5ce t ,god mu/ be a moral be+1 "o :o hates s9 & loves hol9ess4 #bbe ,giv5 ! exi/5ce ( a p]sonal ,god1 ?is argum5t is plausible en\gh till we exam9e x m closely4 ,! liability ( consci5ce to err is1 or %\ld be1 a platitude4 ,its two compon5ts--! reason & ! emotions--bo? be+ fallible1 x necess>ily foll[s t consci5ce mu/ h ! same quality4 ,we h only to ?9k = a mom5t to discov] innum]able examples 9 pro( ( ?is4 ,an illu/ration :i* occurs to me1 & :i* w hurt no "o's susceptibilities1 is t ( ! ,wa ,d>uma4 ,?is is an ,ea/ ,african tribe practis+ a /rict morality :i* is all ! m rem>kable on acc\nt ( ! gross immorality ( ! neighb\r+ tribes4 ,nev]!less1 ! consci5ce ( ! ,wa ,d>uma bids !m kill _! tw9 (fspr+4 ,if consci5ce1 !n1 be fallible1 h[ is x a ,!i/ic pro(8 ,because1 ?\gh x may make a mi/ake ?r\gh an untutor$ reason1 or ?r\gh a reason cl\d$ by deceptive emotions1 ! consci\sness t !re is a "r or wrong at all is suffici5t pro( ( a moral intellig5ce8 ,s be x2 b x is pass+ /range t ,god %\ld all[ consci5ce to deceive u4 ,john ,locke well said1 _m ye>s ago3 ,*ildr5 are travell]s newly arriv$ 9 a /range c\ntry3 we %\ld !re=e make consci5ce n to deceive !m4 ,are we n *ildr5 ( ,god 9 a /range c\ntry8 ,we w\ld n deceive our *ildr54 ,! acquittal ( consci5ce gives pleasure1 z ! condemnation gives pa9--remorse--& e man mu/ obey 8 consci5ce if he w\ld be happy4 ,:at a ?\s& pities x seems t x %\ld ev] lead him into error6 ,%\ld x n be a div9e intuition ( ! "r bo? 9 our religi\s beliefs & 9 our conduct8 ,x is an intuition ( ! "r1 ! believ] w say1 :5 x tells y to believe 9 ,*ri/ & ,god4 ,i w\ld gladly ?9k s2 b e believ] ( e cre$ on ! face ( ! e>? says ! same ab\t 8 belief1 & h5ce ! amaz+ p]si/5ce ( errone\s beliefs4 ,:5 ! voice ( consci5ce is compos$ ( a bl9d reliance on intuition 7i4e41 on ! emotions7 & a di/ru/ ( reason1 h[ c ! result be o!rwise8 ,! :ole "q ( ! tru? ( beliefs h+es ^u :e!r intuition c or _c be reli$ ^u4 ,we "k t mi/akes d occur ?r\gh tru/+ to intuition1 especially 9 ! matt] ( beliefs2 h[1 !n1 c we assume t x is infallible8 ,/range z ! freaks ( fai? among cultur$ p]sons may appe>1 !y are p]fectly intelligible4 ,!y are ! result ( reliance on intuition r ?an on reason4 ,i w give an example4 ,:o m logical1 app>5tly1 ?an ,john ,h5ry ,newman1 ! coadjutor ( ,:ately 9 8 popul> "w on logic8 ,8 illogical conduct is1 !re=e1 p>ticul>ly in/ructive4 ,9 #ahcb1 aft] a visit to ,rome1 he wrote describ+ ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion z poly!i/ic1 degrad+1 & idolatr\s1 #bbf & !n1 aft] all1 ent]$ ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 #ahde4 ,he did s because he f\nd t ! difficulties ( ! cre$ & ( ! canon ( ,scripture 7 insurm\ntable unless ov]-ridd5 by ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,to escape becom+ an agno/ic he elect$ to jo9 a ,*ur* call+ h]self infallible4 ,he 0 able to come to ?is decision al?\gh1 to 8 own k1 h] infallibility 0 beli$ by h] conduct6 ,fur!r1 s eloqu5t 0 8 reason+ on ! subject1 s app>5tly logical1 t "s hundr$s ( cl]gym5 jo9$ him 9 mak+ _! submission to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,und]ly+ all ?is app>5t inconsi/5cy is ! ass]tion1 s eloqu5tly plead$ by ,c>d9al ,newman1 ( ! supremacy ( consci5ce & ! correctness ( intuition4 ,s also h ass]t$ ! foll[]s ( e religion f all "t1 & to :at h _! consci5ces & intuitions l$ !m--to tru?1 or to a pot-p\rri ( absurd & conflict+ beliefs8 ,we h ! te/imony ( all hi/ory to prove ! extreme fallibility ( consci5ce4 ,consci5ce possesses no div9e sp>k to keep a man f act+ wrongly ?r\gh ignorance4 ,ev5 :5 k is pres5t we see1 z 9 ,c>d9al ,newman's case1 t ! voice ( consci5ce may /ill speak incorrectly2 = reason is swamp$ :5 emotion's flood-gate is left aj>4 ,c>d9al ,newman's op9ions h a special int]e/ = u at ! pres5t "t4 ,he held t1 ap>t f an int]ior & unreason$ conviction1 !re is no cog5t pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god2 t ! man :o has n ?is int]ior conviction has no *oice b to rema9 an agno/ic1 :ile ! man :o has x is b\nd soon] or lat] to become a ,roman ,ca?olic4 #bbg ,s inexplicable did 8 motives appe> t ,*>les ,k+sley accus$ him ( say+ t tru? = its own sake ne$ n be1 &1 on ! :ole1 ought n to be1 a virtue ( ! ,roman cl]gy4 ,newman's ,apologia pro ,vita ,sua1 h[ev]1 leaves no d\bt ( ! au?or's own p]sonal rectitude4 ,8 premises--! infallibility ( consci5ce & intuition--7 false4 ,b t is n an unusual feature ( ,*ri/ian apologetics4 ,! ke5 intellects ( ! two pi\s bro!rs1 ,john ,h5ry & ,francis ,william1 7 really buri$ b5ea? a mass ( preconceptions4 ,t ( ! latt]1 h[ev]1 be+ less submissive1 proce$$ to a sl[ & sure upheaval1 & f9ally ,francis ,newman reject$ ,*ri/ianity altoge!r4 #bbh ,9 ! ,apologia pro ,vita ,sua we f9d1 ,i ?9k1 ! key to ,c>d9al ,newman's convictions4 ,he 0 int5sely sup]/iti\s1 & incl9$ also to be timid4 ,on ! op5+ page1 :]e he gives ! recollections ( 8 boyhood1 we read3 ,i us$ to wi% ! ,arabian tales 7 true4 ,& aga93 ,i 0 v sup]/iti\s1 & = "s "t previ\s to my conv]sion 7:5 ,i 0 fifte57 us$ con/antly to cross myself on go+ into ! d>k4 ,,freewill4 ,9 my rem>ks on ! evil = :i* man is held responsible1 ,i h allud$ to ! ,rationali/'s cont5tion t man _c be ju/ly blam$ = 8 actions1 & t1 if !re be a ,god1 ,he alone is to blame4 ,?is op5s up ! "q ( ,freewill v4 ,det]m9ism--a ?orny "q1 :i* ,i %\ld pref]1 if only = consid]ations ( space & my read]s' pati5ce1 to leave sev]ely alone4 ,a :ole volume w\ld be necess>y to pres5t ! case = ,det]m9ism adequately1 & ,i am fully aw>e t a few brief words w fail to conv9ce2 b1 if ,i c remove a s+le iota ( ! misconceptions on ?is subject1 ,i %all feel rew>d$4 ,kant def9es an act ( volition z an act :i* is det]m9$ by ! anticipatory idea ( ! result ( ! act4 ,al?\gh he ma9ta9s t !re mu/ be a moral ,god1 he fully admits t ! =eca/ or anticipatory idea is ! inevitable effect ( prec$5t conditions1 su* z temp]am5t 7h]$ity71 education 7environm5t71 & ! l2 & 9 a well-kn[n passage he says t1 if ! :ole hi/ory ( ! subject c\ld be kn[n1 ! volunt>y acts ( a man might be pr$ict$ ) ! same c]ta9ty z an eclipse4 ,! t5d5cy ( mod]n psy*ology is 9 ! same direction4 ,all volunt>y acts1 we are told1 dep5d on ! memory ( involunt>y acts ( ! same sort previ\sly p]=m$4 ,x is true t a few ,*ri/ian psy*ologi/s leave room = a %e] heave ( ! w by means ( :i* an idea naturally feeble is =tifi$ & held 9 place2 b :5 !y speak 9 ?is wise !y speak z metaphysicians4 ,no metaphysical argum5t1 x seems to me1 c reconcile ?is inflexible causality ) true fre$om ( w4 ,h[ c ! w be at "o & ! same "t fett]$ & free8 ,!re is1 ,i grant1 e appe>ance ( freewill2 b x belongs to ! category ( appe>ances :i* deceive4 ,if we accept ! ,*ri/ian cont5tion1 we h to believe t a b5evol5t ,god gives u a free w1 ! p[] to *oose betwe5 ,him & ! ,devil1 kn[+1 z 9 ,8 omnisci5ce ,he mu/1 t ! va/ majority w make a sad use ( _! gift6 ,! mod]n ,*ri/ian admits t h]$ity & environm5t h _! say also4 ,?us !re are1 9 all1 f\r =ces /ruggl+ = ! ma/]y--,god1 ! ,devil1 h]$ity & environm5t2 & x is ! duty ( ! div9ely-implant$ free w to *oose betwe5 !m4 ,r1 is x n t !re are two =ces1 & two =ces only--h]$ity & environm5t--act+ ^u our bra91 & our *oice is ! resultant ( !m8 ,und\bt$ly man1 z a self-consci\s & reflect+ animal1 has :at may be call$ ! p[] ( *oice2 b ! way ?is p[] w be us$ w\ld be a =egone conclusion did we "k ! sum-total ( ! effect ( h]$ity & environm5t up to ! mom5t ( its use4 ,b1 x may be object$1 surely !re is su* a ?+ z w-p[]4 ,we c ov]come our h]$ity & environm5t by ! ex]cise ( our w4 ,temptations to :i* ! weak-will$ succumb d n affect ! /rong-will$4 ,"h1 at lea/1 we h a di/9ct in/ance 9 :i* h]$ity & environm5t are ov]come4 ,yes1 x is true1 ( c\rse1 t h]$ity & environm5t are cont9ually be+ ov]come by ! happy possessor ( suffici5t w-p[]2 b :at we h to be> 9 m9d is t x is n a portion1 b ! :ole1 ( a man's h]$ity & environm5t :i* mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,9 ! case ( ! man ) ! /rong w1 x is /ill 8 h]$ity & environm5t :i* h 9 ! fir/ in/ance settl$ ! l9e ( conduct to :i*1 once resolv$ ^u1 he adh]es s t5aci\sly4 ,&1 aga91 ?is p>ticul> quality ( ! m9d :i* enables him to keep to 8 resolution is1 l all o!r qualities ( ! m9d1 itself ! product ( h]$ity & environm5t4 ,! ,det]m9ism ( sci5ce & ! ,freewill ( metaphysics are ess5tially antagoni/ic4 ,det]m9ism is completely subv]sive ( ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,x is directly oppos$ to ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles ( religion4 ,n only does x imply t man is n to blame = 8 actions1 b t1 if !re be a ,god1 ,he1 & ,he alone1 is to blame4 ,*ri/ian !ologi/s are !re=e its /r5u\s oppon5ts4 ,9 _! apologetic ef=ts "o f9ds ! /range/ misconceptions ( :at is meant 9 a broad s5se by h]$ity & environm5t4 ,! be/ apology ,i h se5 s f> is by ! ,rev4 ,p4 ,n4 ,waggett1 9 a tractate call$ ,sci5ce & ,conduct4 #bbi ,fa!r ,waggett seems to realise bett] ?an mo/ ( 8 fell[-cl]ics ! enorm\s influ5ce ( h]$ity & environm5t4 ,/ill he comes to ! conclusion t :51 "u giv5 circum/ances1 a man does :at1 "u ^? circum/ances1 & ) 8 giv5 con/itution1 he usually does n d1 he is ex]cis+ "s inw>d spr+4 ,! fallacy 9 ?is argum5t is ! common "o4 ,! effect ( environm5t up to ! mom5t ( action has n be5 consid]$4 ,! obscurity ( ! expression giv5 con/itution is d\btless un9t5tional1 b x is none ! less mislead+4 ,fa!r ,waggett w\ld be ! fir/ to admit t some?+ mu/ h occurr$ mean:ile to acc\nt = ! new frame ( m9d4 ,x is = him to %[ t an alt]ation 9 environm5t is n all t has occurr$1 & t !re is room = ?is inw>d spr+4 ,w n ! acceptance ( ?is doctr9e h a p>alys+ effect ^u u8 ,on ! contr>y4 ,we %all be bett] able to disc]n :]e our salvation lies4 ,we %all pay f> m att5tion to ! real =ces :i* det]m9e conduct4 ,we %all devote our en]gies to combat+ bad h]$ity ) good environm5t2 & we %all d ?is ) ! k t n only ourselves & our associates1 b our desc5dants also1 w reap ! b5efit4 ,we %all fly f unheal?y ?\ghts1 & avoid ! surr\nd+s likely to give rise to !m4 ,we %all welcome heal?y ?\ghts & seek helpful surr\nd+s4 ,! doctr9e ( det]m9ism is ?\ght likely to corrupt our moral "*1 b1 9 reality1 x comp>es fav\rably ) religi\s doctr9es4 ,! belief 9 ,god's omnisci5ce leads ! ,mohamm$an to fatalism1 & ! ,*ri/ian to ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation4 ,if a ,*ri/ian really believ$ z he pr(esses1 if he c\ld hone/ly subscribe to ! sev5te5? article ( 8 ,cre$--9 :i* x is /at$ t be=e ! f\ndations ( ! _w 7 laid ,god ha? con/antly decre$ by ,8 c\nsel secret to u1 to deliv] f curse & damnation ^? :om ,he ha? *os5 ! italics are m9e1 ( c\rse 9 ,*ri/ out ( mank9d--,god's ,pr$e/9ation w\ld inde$ be a dang]\s d[nfall1 ?ru/+ m5 into desp]ation4 ,! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation1 !re=e1 appe>s1 )\t d\bt1 to be e?ically mis*iev\s4 ,! doctr9e ( ,det]m9ism1 on ! o!r h&1 tea*es a man to fight p]nici\s h]$it>y in/9cts ) ! weapon ( environm5t1 & to keep a t5d] place 9 8 he>t = un=tunates :o succumb4 #bcj ,t\t compr5dre c'e/ t\t p>donn]4 #e4 ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce4 ,,my/icism ,,& ,,conv]sion4 ,( late1 ! argum5t f ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce has be5 mu* to ! front1 & no?+ writt5 on ! subject has creat$ a deep] impression1 or be5 m cordially welcom$ by ! sup]naturali/1 ?an ,pr(essor ,w4 ,james's book1 ,! ,v>ieties ( ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce4 ,pr(essor ,james is a prom95t memb] ( ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*1 & no "o is bett] able ?an he to give descriptions ( psy*ic ph5om5a2 b ! conclusions he comes to z to ! spiritual signification ( "s ( !m w /rike ! normal man z too absurd to be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,m ?an ?is4 ,indirectly he furni%es "o ( ! v be/ weapons = attack+ sup]naturalism t has ev] yet be5 put 9 ! h&s ( ! naturali/4 ,i h already giv5 "s examples ( s-call$ religi\s exp]i5ces 79 ,*ap4 ,,ii41 pp4 #ei-fa74 ,^! are /ill reg>d$ by ! sup]/iti\s z spiritual manife/ations2 b ,pr(essor ,james discov]s a spiritual int]pretation 9 /ill m palpable halluc9ations4 ,unwitt+ly he spoils ! case = religi\s exp]i5ce by try+ to prove too mu*4 ,i w give an in/ance4 ,he describes h[ an intimate fri5d ( 8 kept exp]i5c+ a horrible s5sation ( ! pres5ce ( some?+1 :i* he did n recognise z any individual be+ or p]son4 ,pr(essor ,james admits t su* an exp]i5ce z ?is does n connect itself ) ! religi\s sph]e4 ,:y n8 ,x might h be5 ! ,devil t "t4 ,lat] on 8 fri5d _h a pleasant] exp]i5ce4 ,!re 0 n a m]e consci\sness ( some?+ !re1 b1 fus$ 9 ! c5tral happ9ess ( x1 a />tl+ aw>5ess ( "s ineffable good4 ,n vague ei!r--n l ! emotional effect ( "s poem or sc5t or blossom or music1 b ! sure k ( ! close pres5ce ( a sort ( mighty p]son2 &1 aft] x w5t1 ! memory p]si/$ z ! "o p]ception ( reality4 ,ev]y?+ else might be a dream1 b n t4 ,pr(essor ,james !n rem>ks3 ,my fri5d1 z x oddly happ5s1 does n int]pret ^! lat] exp]i5ces !i/ically1 z signify+ ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,:y oddly8 ,! explanation seems simple en\gh4 ,x 0 j because 8 fri5d 0 n odd1 b a normal individual ( mod]n times4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 ! secret lay 9 ! well-kn[n reply to ! "q1 ,is life wor? liv+8--,x all dep5ds on ! liv]4 ,"o may also recall ! words ( ! celebrat$ cl]ical wit :o said3 ,!y ?9k !y are pi\s :5 !y are only bili\s4 ,pr(essor ,james !n relates v>i\s exp]i5ces ( o!r p]sons :o1 unlike 8 fri5d1 7 positive !y _h felt ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,& he tells u3 ,no?+ is m common 9 ! pages ( religi\s biography ?an ! way 9 :i* seasons ( lively & ( difficult fai? are describ$ z alt]nat+4 ,probably e religi\s p]son has ! recollection ( p>ticul> crises 9 :i* a direct vision ( ! tru?1 a direct p]ception1 p]haps1 ( a liv+ ,god's exi/5ce1 swept 9 & ov]:elm$ ! languor ( ! m ord9>y belief4 ,if ?is sort ( ?+ acc\nts = ! fai? ( e religi\s p]son1 ! my/]y 79 ^! days7 ( ! great fai? ( ! few & ! little fai? ( ! _m is completely solv$4 ,s few1 relatively speak+1 h ?is exp]i5ce2 s few are by nature my/ics4 ,also x helps to expla9 ! preval5ce ( sup]natural belief 9 bygone ages4 ,?\ghtful unbeliev]s h long ago come to ! conclusion t "s su* psy*ical exp]i5ces l>gely acc\nt = religi\s sup]/itions1 & n[ an em95t psy*ologi/ & religi\s apologi/ confirms _! !ories4 ,pr(essor ,james argues t ! neurotic temp]am5t naturally introduces "o to regions ( religi\s tru? :i* are hidd5 f ! robu/ ,phili/9e type ( n]v\s sy/em1 t ?anks heav5 x hasn't a s+le morbid fibre 9 its composition4 ,?is k9d ( robu/ ,phili/9e is1 "o is glad to ?9k1 a v common type4 ,i hope ,i am a fairly robu/ ,phili/9e myself4 ,! ,rationali/ may1 or may n1 be emotional1 b he c]ta9ly pref]s to be )\t morbid fibres4 ,:y1 ( all ! mo/ undesirable /ates ( m9d1 %\ld morbidity assi/ ! human be+ to h fai? 9 ,god8 ,:y %\ld spirituality & /rong fai? be possible only = a p]son ( n]v\s in/ability ^: intellectual canon 7unackn[l$g$ no d\bt7 is ,cr$o quia impossibile8 ,:y1 9 ! "n ( all t is reasonable1 %\ld spiritual exp]i5ces be ! pr]ogative ( exceptional temp]am5ts only8 ,:y1 9 all fairness1 if !re be any spiritual mean+ 9 halluc9ations1 %\ld n ! ,agno/ic be at lea/ v\*saf$ ! consci\sness ( ! ,devil's pres5ce to cure him ( 8 unbelief8 ,pr(essor ,james ?9ks !re c be no d\bt t z a matt] ( fact a religi\s life1 exclusively pursu$1 does t5d to make ! p]son exceptional & ecc5tric4 ,he ref]s to g5iuses 9 ! religi\s l9e1 :o1 l _m o!r g5iuses 444 h (t5 %[n symptoms ( n]v\s in/ability4 ,ev5 m p]haps1 he says1 ?an o!r k9ds ( g5ius1 religi\s lead]s h be5 subject to abnormal psy*ical visitations 444 (t51 moreov]1 ^! pa?ological features 9 _! c>e] h help$ to give !m _! religi\s au?ority & influ5ce4 ,all ?is is exce$+ly in/ructive1 com+ z x does f ! m\? ( an e>ne/ *ampion ( religion #bca specially suit$1 by 8 rese>*es 9 psy*ical ph5om5a1 to speak ) au?ority on ! psy*ology ( religion4 ,8 belief 9 ! int]f]5ce 9 human life ( spiritual ag5cies1 & ! :ole t5\r ( 8 book1 r5d] x c]ta9 t he is n consci\sly br++ any argum5ts to be> aga9/ sup]naturalism1 b1 on ! contr>y1 int5ds to adduce new argum5ts 9 its fav\r4 ,h we n "h a satisfactory & p]fectly natural explanation ( ! ph5om5a ( conv]sion8 ,! religioni/ is apt1 ,i ?9k1 to lose sight ( ! fact t conv]sion is n conf9$ to any "o p>ticul> cre$2 t x _c witness to ! tru? ( ! "o & n ( ! o!r4 ,! my/ical feel+1 rem>ks ,pr(essor ,james 7pp4 #dbe-f71 ( enl>gem5t1 union1 & emancipation 444 is capable ( =m+ matrimonial alliances ) mat]ial furni%$ by ! mo/ div]se philosophies & !ologies1 provid$ only !y c f9d a place 9 _! framework = its peculi> emotional mood4 ,! mo/ /rik+ examples ( conv]sion are ^? ( ! in/antane\s k9d1 ( :i* ,/4 ,paul's is held out to u z ! mo/ em95t4 ,i h already outl9$ ! probable explanation 9 ,/4 ,paul's case1 & o!r cases may be simil>ly expla9$4 ,! sup]naturali/'s int]pretation ( conv]sion _c be consid]$ s]i\sly until pro(s are =?com+ ( an in/ance 9 :i* no?+ 0 kn[n previ\sly ( ! tru? alleg$ to h be5 reveal$4 ,l ,mr4 ,l[es ,dick9son1 ,i h nev]1 = example1 discov]$ a case 9 :i* a ,mohamm$an or a ,h9doo1 )\t hav+ he>d ( ,*ri/ianity1 has _h a revelation ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,( all visions1 ^? ( ! dea?-b$ especially invite our att5tion1 = !y are look$ ^u by _m pi\s p]sons z sure evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! tru? ( _! ,fai?4 ,w ?is argum5t be> analysis8 ,we "k t good m5 & wom5 h _h heav5ly visions dur+ _! la/ mom5ts4 ,we "k also t o!rs ( equally blameless lives h be5 t]rifi$ at ! la/ by ! sight ( "s supreme horror4 ,h[ c any argum5t be bas$ ^u ! phantasms ( a disord]$ bra98 ,d n ^! visions1 too1 usually take _! =m f ! tea*+ ) :i* ! m9d has be5 imbu$8 ,! ,mohamm$an sees a heav5 peopl$ ) h\ris2 d we on t acc\nt accept ! ,koran z our guide8 ,a dy+ ,h9doo may h a vision ( a hea!n deity ( que/ionable "*1 & d]ive com=t f x4 ,i h myself /ood by ! b$side ( a dy+ ,mahratta ^: rav+s dur+ ! delirium ( fev] indicat$ su* a vision4 ,!re are1 x is true1 cases :]e ! visions ( ! dy+ may seem utt]ly unlike ^? we %\ld expect4 ,b ! bra9 reta9s impressions ( ?+s ( :i* ! consci\s memory has long ago pass$ away1 &1 if ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ec/atic c\ld be fully kn[n1 we %\ld1 z ,proctor po9ts out1 #bcb f9d ne>ly e circum/ance ( 8 vision expla9$1 or at lea/ an explanation sugge/$4 ,x may be said aga9 ( dea?-b$ visions1 z ( visions g5]ally1 t !re has nev] yet be5 a case ( a ,mohamm$an or a ,h9doo or any o!r non-,*ri/ian :o has _h a revelation ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,pr(essor ,james is n ! only p]son hav+ ! curi\s notion t an abnormal /ate ( m9d admits ! ne>] pres5ce ( ,god4 ,to take a p possess+ a m>vell\s self-control ov] _! emotions1 &1 !re=e1 ! la/ among :om y w\ld expect to f9d su* ideas1 ,i may m5tion t ! m ignorant & sup]/iti\s among ! ,japanese ?r[ !mselves into hypnotic trances1 & !n fondly imag9e t a god is pres5t 9 _! body1 & is mak+ use ( !m z a m\?piece4 #bcc ,aga91 no sup]/ition is common] among ! ignorant natives ( ,india1 ,mohamm$an & ,h9doo alike1 ?an t p ( uns\nd m9d h "s sort ( special means ( communication ) ,god2 b t educat$ p]sons1 hav+ fairly normal m9ds !mselves1 %\ld hold su* an op9ion is yet ano!r example ( ! halluc9ations to :i* religi\s en?usia/s are liable4 ,! folly ( attribut+ any spiritual significance to ^! exp]i5ces w be bett] und]/ood if we comp>e !m ) cases :]e !re is no religi\s elem5t :atsoev]4 ,a lady1 a fri5d ( m9e1 is cont9ually subject to a curi\s exp]i5ce1 :i* may s]ve to illu/rate ?is po9t4 ,i give ! acc\nt ( x 9 h] own words3-- ,z a *ild ,i 0 always a bad sleep]1 & got into ! habit ( mak+ up /ories to amuse myself :5 ly+ awake 9 b$4 ,?is habit cont9u$ z ,i grew old]2 b1 aft] a "t1 ! /ories ceas$ to be connect$ 9 any way ) myself4 ,ye>s ago ,i began a /ory :i* has gr[n gradually ?r\gh ?ree g5]ations1 & !re are signs ( ! com+ ( a f\r?4 ,! old h\se has rema9$ z ! c5tre ( ! /ory = ye>s2 mo/ ( ! *>act]s are m51 & no "o ( ei!r sex be>s any possible relation%ip to me4 ,!y h all become f> m real to me ?an my own relations2 at b$-"t1 on long railway j\rneys 7sometimes71 or :5 ,i am walk+ or do+ ne$lework1 !y are !re4 ,if ,i get to ! h\se at b$-"t1 ,i sleep well4 ,if ,i am !re :5 travell+1 ,i don't get tir$1 & ! *>act]s gr[ & develop q naturally4 ,x is my inn] life1 &1 if ,i 7 giv5 t way1 x might become a s]ies ( visions4 ,i c q und]/& m5 hav+ ec/asies 9 :i* ! ideals !y h always be=e !m become app>5tly mat]ialis$4 ,,! ,,psy*ology ,,( ,,pray]4 ,i _c too /rongly insi/ t all ?is is extremely in/ructive4 ,x expla9s s _m ?+s t /ill h to be expla9$1 if religion be untrue4 ,! new sci5ce ( psy*ology has already acc\nt$ = _m abnormal ph5om5a t 7 =m]ly consid]$ miracul\s--fai? cures1 #bcd = in/ance4 ,does x n acc\nt = ! effects ( pray]8 ,we "k no?+ ( ! efficacy ( pray] 9 secur+ mat]ial b5efits--!re is no pro( ei!r way2 b we d "k t x has (t5 an e?ical value1 & is also a means ( /r5g!n+ fai?4 ,does x necess>ily foll[ t a ,sup]natural ,be+ he>s & answ]s ! suppliant's pray]s8 ,i ?9k n4 ,sugge/ion1 x is n[ kn[n1 ex]cises an extraord9>y influ5ce ov] ! subjective m9d4 ,9 pray] auto-sugge/ion und\bt$ly plays its subtle rle4 ,let me give an example ( ! b5ign results t may be effect$ by sugge/ion )\t any appeal to ! sup]natural4 ,(t5 a moral *ange = ! worse 9 a mo/ e/imable p]son is di/9ctly traceable to causes ov] :i* he or %e _h no control1 & ! physician or surgeon1 hav+ diagnos$ ! case1 proce$s to d 8 be/ to br+ ab\t a cure4 ,:]e x is "s n]v\s malady1 m5tal !rapeutics or psy*ic heal+ is sometimes extremely efficaci\s4 #bce ,vices & weaknesses are n[ look$ ^u by _m 9 ! light ( diseases & ailm5ts--curable1 ameliorable1 or incurable1 z ! case may be4 ,disease or ,devil1 ! fact rema9s t m$ical treatm5t may effect a cure ev5 :]e ! pati5t's disord] has be5 br\ght on by1 z we say1 8 own fault4 ,dipsomania1 morph9omania1 kleptomania1 nymphomania1 satyriasis1 & v>i\s moral p]v]sions may yield to a purely natural treatm5t1 :e!r x be ! me?od ( a ,milne ,bramwell 7by sugge/ion7 or ( ,keeley4 ,:5 d5\nc+ ,m>iolatry 79 8 s]mon at ! op5+ ( ! ,*ur* ,congress1 ,octob]1 #aije71 ! ,bi%op ( ,london said3 ,x is n reveal$ t ! cry to any sa9t or to ! ,virg9 ,m>y ev] rea*es !m at all4 ,app>5tly1 !re=e1 ! ,bi%op admits t appeals to ! sup]natural may be wa/$1 & ?is 9 spite ( ! suppliant be+ v mu* 9 e>ne/4 ,yet :o w\ld be prep>$ to say t ! ,roman ,ca?olic :o prays to ! ,virg9 ,m>y & to innum]able sa9ts does n d]ive q z mu* b5efit f ! process z ! ,prote/ant :o directs 8 wor%ip solely to ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 or ! ,%9toi/ :o invokes ! b5ign spirits ( 8 ance/ors8 #bcf ,! effect ( ! sugge/ion is ! same 9 ea* case1 & has all ! appe>ance ( an answ] to pray]4 ,aga91 putt+ aside abnormal phases ( ! m9d1 is x n1 z ,ralph ,waldo ,tr9e puts x 79 8 little book1 ,"* ,build+3 ,?\ght ,p[]71 a simple psy*ological law t any type ( ?\ght1 if ent]ta9$ = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 w1 by & by1 rea* ! motor tracts ( ! bra91 & f9ally bur/ =? into action8 ,!re seems no ne$ = ! introduction ( a sup]natural hypo!sis to expla9 ! moral effect ( pray]4 ,s1 also1 ) reg>d to fai?1 x is only natural t ! believ]1 rack$ ) d\bt1 %\ld f9d reassurance 9 pray]4 ,! ,!i/ :o lays /ore by ! evid5ce f religi\s exp]i5ce w d well to pond] ov] ! foll[+ words ( "o ( ,pr(essor ,james's critics3 ,in/ead ( produc+ any?+ t w\ld /r5g!n ! belief 9 extra-human _s ag5ts influ5c+ human de/9ies1 psy*ology has made intelligible1 con=mably to ! re/ ( our organis$ k1 mo/1 if n all1 ( ! /rik+ ph5om5a :i* h be5 ! empirical props ( ! popul> fai? 9 spiritism1 :e!r ,*ri/ian or n4 ,we ref] to an/hesias1 analgesias1 halluc9ations1 monitions1 trances1 ! s5se ( illum9ation 9 ec/asy1 etc41 includ+ ! facts consid]$ 9 ,pr(essor ,james' lectures4 ,9 mak+ ?is /atem5t1 ,i d n =get ! "w ( ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*4 ,its a*ievem5ts may be decl>$ to h be5 s f>1 & )\t prejudice ( ! future1 absolutely inconclusive ) reg>d to spiritism4 #bcg ,9 o!r words1 psy*ical rese>*1 if conduct$ by ! exp]im5tal me?od & )\t bias1 may be pregnant ) consequ5ces h>dly 9 accord ) ! hopes ( ei!r ! spiriti/ or spirituali/ 79 its religi\s s5se74 ,=1 %\ld abnormal ph5om5a ( all k9ds admit ( a natural explanation1 _! pres5t obscurity w no long] furni% gr\nds = sup]natural speculation4 ,,! ,,religi\s 787 ,,exp]i5ces ,,( ,,intoxication4 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,james's !ory1 x is ! p]son :o *ances to h a well-develop$ sublim9al life :o is pr$e/9$ to be sav$1 = !n ,god w be able to rea* him4 ,z ,pr(essor ,james in=ms u t nitr\s oxide & e!r1 especially nitr\s oxide1 :5 suffici5tly dilut$ ) air1 /imulate ! my/ical consci\sness 9 an extraord9>y degree1 s t dep? beyond dep? ( tru? seems reveal$ to ! inhal]1 ! unbeliev+ ,phili/9e ought to be recomm5d$ to inhale ?is tru?-reveal+1 & !re=e fai?-produc+1 gas4 ,l music1 x mu/ be meant z an aid to wor%ip4 ,! new beatitude w !n be1 z ,mr4 ,leuba rem>ks1 ,bless$ are ! intoxicat$1 = to !m ! k+dom ( spirits is reveal$6 ,i c q und]/& ! int]e/ ar\s$ by ,pr(essor ,james's rem>kable book2 b t ,!i/s & w\ld-be ,!i/s %\ld take its *ief conclusion s]i\sly is beyond me--or1 r1 ,i %\ld say x is "o m pro( to me t ! inh]it$ capacity = sup]/ition is /ill /rong )9 u4 ,we c und]/& :y sup]natural beliefs die h>d4 ,,music ,,& ,,! ,,emotions4 #bch ,are our emotions reliable guides1 or are !y n8 ,?\gh ! motive-p[] 9 our nature1 ?\gh !y g to make up t he>t ^u :i* ,mr4 ,field+ s eloqu5tly disc\rses 9 8 ,he>ts ( ,m51 d !y n ne$ to be c>efully controll$ by reason8 ,are !y n ! v same emotions :i*1 9 all b religi\s matt]s1 are admitt$ly a fruitful s\rce ( self-deception8 ,take ! emotion excit$ by music4 ,i "k _m good p :o ?9k !y possess consid]able religi\s feel+1 & h _h a religi\s exp]i5ce1 because !y are peculi>ly affect$ by music1 & especially by f9e sacr$ music4 #bci ,simil>ly1 ,dr4 ,torrey's ,glory ,song appeals to ! untra9$ e> ( 8 emotional audi5ces1 & ! ,salvation b&1 all out ( tune1 elevates ! s\l ( ! ,salvationi/4 ,yet l[] d[n ! scale ( musical culture we f9d a cla% ( discordant s\nds excit+ ! religi\s emotions ( ! savage4 ,is x too mu* to say t ^! exp]i5ces diff] only 9 degree f ^? ( ! dog :o h[ls z c]ta9 notes affect him8 ,grant$ t music1 suit$ to ! ta/e ( ! wor%ipp]1 is an aid to wor%ip1 we h to rememb] t !re are ^? ^: temp]am5ts are s con/itut$ t !y are m or less unaffect$ by music--good1 bad1 or indiff]5t--&1 if ! religi\s feel+ evok$ be f ,god1 may we n ask 9 all rev]5ce3 ,:y %\ld ! unmusical be deb>r$ f ?is means ( feel+ ,8 pres5ce8 ,:y %\ld ! man )\t a note ( music 9 8 composition h ?is mu* less *ance ( et]nal salvation8 ,surely we are n to take s]i\sly & lit]ally ! words ( our great philosoph]-poet :5 he says3 ,let no su* man be tru/$8 ,,sexual ,,love4 ,aga91 !re is ! religi\s feel+ evok$ by t /ronge/ emotion ( all--sexual love2 ! "o excites ! o!r1 & ! effect produc$ may be b5eficial or may be mis*iev\s4 ,b sexual love appe>s to me a /range aid to ! wor%ip ( ,god2 & p]sons :o really imag9e !y are ne>] ,him :5 9 ?is /ate ( emotion mo/ c]ta9ly deceive !mselves4 ,! ascetic :o is deb>r$ f ?is p>ticul> religi\s exp]i5ce %\ld agree ) me4 ,,revivalism4 ,an exam9ation ( religi\s exp]i5ces1 h[ev] brief1 _c well omit all m5tion ( ! "q ( revivalism4 ,has x an e?ical value8 ,has x a spiritual mean+8 ,to ! latt] "q ! answ] ( ! ,*ur* is = ! mo/ "p 9 ! affirmative4 ,9 8 ,p5teco/al message = ,:itsuntide1 #aije1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury ref]s1 )\t directly nam+ !m1 to ! extraord9>y movem5t ( :i* ! "y ,evan ,rob]ts has be5 ! lead]1 & to ! prea*+ ( ,messrs4 ,torrey & ,alex&] 9 ,london4 ,to :atev] cause or comb9ation ( causes we may attribute x1 he says1 ! fact appe>s to be c]ta9 t expression has ?is ye> be5 giv5 9 an unusual degree to a desire = increas$ spiritual e>ne/ness 9 ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,i %all n emb>k ^u ! "q ( ! spiritual signification ( revivalism4 ,my rem>ks on o!r religi\s exp]i5ces may be tak5 to apply "h also4 ,reg>d+ its e?ical value1 ,i fancy mo/ ?\ghtful onlook]s w be ) me :5 ,i say t x is unadvisable to /ir up hy/]ia 9 hy/]ical p j = ! sake ( effects1 ! usefulness ( :i* is extremely problematical--effects :i*1 if !y b5efit a few1 are h>mful to ! majority1 &1 9 any case1 are unlikely to be ( a p]man5t nature4 ,we h x on excell5t au?ority t emotional appeals & revivals d n de/roy c>nal s9 9 s*ools1 & x is well kn[n h[ (t5 !y seem to /imulate1 to increase1 immorality4 #bdj #f4 ,! ,inevitable ,conclusion4 ,a c&id & unbiass$ exam9ation ( ! s-call$ !i/ic pro(s c b lead to ! "o conclusion3 !y are wor?less4 ,ev5 if ! cosmological & teleological argum5ts 7 satisfactory1 & ev5 if religi\s exp]i5ces prov$ ! exi/5ce ( a _s _w1 ! e?ical argum5t und\bt$ly breaks d[n1 c>ry+ along ) x all t fragile /ructure ( :i* ! !i/'s !ories are compos$4 ,yes1 ! problem ( evil is insoluble4 ,we h n1 says ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 #bda to attempt ! impossible problem ( reconcil+ inf9ite b5evol5ce & ju/ice ) inf9ite p[] 9 ! ,creator ( su* a _w z ?is4 ,to attempt to d s n only involves absolute contradiction 9 an intellectual po9t ( view1 b exhibits to excess ! revolt+ spectacle ( a ,jesuitical def5ce ( moral enormities4 ,! late/ def5ce by an approv$ apologi/ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& w be f\nd 9 *ap4 xiv4 ( ,pro ,fide4 ,x has be5 conduct$ ) conspicu\s c&\r1 & su* h>% t]ms z ,jesuitical & revolt+ are no long] applicable4 ,:e!r1 h[ev]1 ?is is likely to prove any m successful ?an previ\s attempts1 & to s]ve z an antidote to scepticism1 may be se5 by a glance at ! foll[+ summ>y ( ! l9e ( argum5t4 ,! au?or relies1 to beg9 )1 ^u ! !ological assumption t moral evil arises f ! abuse ( ,god's gift to man ( a free w4 ,he also argues t ! transmission ( a t5d5cy to s9 is n unju/1 because a rem$y = x has be5 provid$4 ,z = physical evil1 ?is1 he ma9ta9s1 subs]ves important moral purposes 9 ! case ( man1 & 9 ! case ( animals x is m ?an comp5sat$ = by physical good4 ,9 ! end1 h[ev]1 he is =c$1 z we h se51 to fall back ^u ! hypo!sis ( a p]sonal devil4 ,9 o!r words1 he pres5ts u ) ^? sophi/ical argum5ts ( !i/ic apologi/s :i* we h be5 inve/igat+1 & !n1 f9d+1 z a p]fectly hone/ m9d mu/ f9d1 t ^! are inadequate1 he has1 aft] all1 to rely ^u ^? anci5t !ological dogmas :i* owe _! orig9 to ! insolubility ( ! problem4 ,let ^? accept 8 special plead+ :o c4 ,!re are _m :o read an apologetic "w ) m9ds already made up to be p]suad$ by x1 & :]e !re is ?is bias !re _c be /raight ?9k+4 ,= ^? :o keep an op5 m9d ! conclusion is inevitable3 ap>t f ! revelation :i* has be5 call$ 9 "q !re is no pro(1 !re nev] c be any pro(1 ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,god ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,if !re be a ,fir/ ,cause1 if !re be a ,supreme ,intellig5ce1 if !re be a ,deity at all1 we "k no?+ ( ,8 nature & no?+ ( ,8 int5tions ) reg>d to u4 ,,note ,,on ,,religion ,,& ,,philosophy4 ,an exam9ation ( ! developm5t ( philosophy leads to conclusions ( consid]able import4 ,our pres5t inquiry c be only an exce$+ly rapid "o2 b anyone wi%+ to /udy ! subject a little m fully w f9d x concisely treat$ 9 a book call$ ,sci5ce & ,fai?1 by ,dr4 ,paul ,top9>d1 late ,g5]al ,secret>y ( ! ,an?ropological ,society ( ,p>is4 ,f ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,i cull ! foll[+3-- ,animals1 9 ! pres5ce ( ph5om5a :i* !y d n und]/&1 retire conf\nd$4 ,savage man does ! same4 ,b he1 at lea/1 haz>ds ! attempt ( an explanation by inve/+ ! objects or ph5om5a 9 "q ) life & s5tim5ts simil> to 8 own4 ,lat] ?is same savage1 discov]+ or believ+ to discov] 9 himself a d\ble be+1 ! "o corporeal & ! o!r spiritual1 transf]s ! new notions reg>d+ himself to objects )\t himself1 to /ones1 plants1 animals1 or />s4444 ,religions1 at fir/ m or less elem5t>y1 ) _! f\nd]s & prie/s1 d n appe> until lat]4444 ,= a long "t ! sorc]]--t is to say1 a man less cr$ul\s ?an ! re/1 & adroit 9 ! s5se ( kn[+ h[ to reap p]sonal advantage f ! beliefs ( 8 fell[s--/ood alone 9 8 class4 ,sorc]] & m$ic9e man at once1 he di/ribut$ amulets1 drove out spirits f ! bodies ( ! deceas$1 & caus$ ! ra9s to fall4444 ,! sac]dotal ca/e arose1 at times recruit+ itself f ! outside & at times h]$it>y4 ,m intellig5t ?an ! o!rs1 m dispos$ to reflect1 ! prie/s 7 naturally incl9$ to seek m satisfactory explanations f ! ph5om5a ( nature1 to di/+ui% g5]al causes f p>ticul> causes1 to r$uce ! numb] ( ! spirits1 to *ampion ! mo/ important ( ^!1 & ev5 to symbolise _m ( !m4 ,! cult ( h]oes1 ( p]sonages 9 ! tribe :o _h r5d]$ x valuable s]vices1 & ( ance/ors1 0 m+l$ ) ! prec$+ beliefs4 ,hav+ to speak to simple p1 = :om x 0 necess>y to mat]ialise ?+s1 !y 7 oblig$ to reca/ _! ideas & to exp\nd !m by ! help ( fables & my?s1 :i* soon essay$ to expla9 9 a tangible =m ! orig9 ( ?+s1 ! exi/+ ph5om5a ( nature1 & (t5 to guide ! conduct ( m54 ,^! 7 ! fir/ attempts ( philosophy1 already z utilit>ian z !y 7 my/ical4 ,religions consecrat$ a multitude ( usages & c]emonies f :i* ! sac]dotal class liv$1 & :i* greatly augm5t$ its p[]2 & !y also ex]t$ a /rong political influ5ce4 ,aga91 !y l$ up to g5u9e moral codes1 su* z ^? ( ,brahma & ,buddha 9 ,india1 & ,confucius 9 ,*9a4444 ,! utilit>ian idea appe>s to h dom9at$ among ! ,pho5ician & ,canaanite peoples4 ,x gave rise to ! doctr9e ( a p]sonal national ,god1 :o _h creat$ man & ! p :om he _h *os5 & ^: de/9ies he direct$4 ,he exact$ f !m bl9d & exclusive wor%ip & ob$i5ce to ! laws :i* he promulgat$4 ,9 return he protect$ !m1 res]v+ 8 "r ( t]re/rial puni%m5t4444 ,! ,egyptians are relat$ to ! ,h9dus by _! belief 9 metempsy*osis1 or ! transmigration ( s\ls f animal to animal4444 ,! conception ( a judgm5t aft] dea? pass$ ?r\gh ^! peoples ! ,egyptians to ! poly!ism ( ,greece & ,rome4444 ,greek philosophy rose audaci\sly to ! l(tie/ & bolde/ conceptions1 n conceptions cr[n+ an intellectual edifice1 b conceptions :i* dom9ate x 9 imag9>y realms ( space4 ,ari/otle belongs ap>t4 ,he is at once sci5ti/ & philosoph]4 ,he obs]ves nature4 ,he is ! f\nd] ( natural hi/ory1 ( an?ropology1 ( political sci5ce1 & ( political economy4 ,accord+ to ,graef1 he is also ! f\nd] ( political philosophy1 because he 0 ! fir/ to introduce positive facts into philosophy4444 ,9 ! g5]al run1 !y ! ,greek philosoph]s 7 dialecticians1 sophi/s1 & intellectual gymna/s only4 ,b1 su* z !y 71 !y f\nd$ free inquiry1 dis9tegrat$ ! national poly!i/ic beliefs1 & prep>$ ! way = ! revolution :i* 0 on ! v]ge ( accompli%m5t4 ,9 an unkn[n 8 corn] ( ,juda1 on ! banks ( a lake1 ! glad tid+s bur/ =? ( a com+ reg5]ation1 & a voice 0 he>d plead+ ! cause ( ! feeble1 ! humble1 & ! oppress$1 & say+3 ',love ye "o ano!r6' ,! doctr9e1 at fir/ local & inculcat$ by a small numb] ( apo/les1 soon ext5d$ ) ,/4 ,paul to ! ,g5tiles1 & !nce=w>d its progress 0 rapid 84 ,philosophy 0 n indiff]5t to x4444 ,*ri/ianity1 9 effect1 in/ead ( conqu]+ ! pagan _w1 0 conqu]$ by x1 z ,huxley has rem>k$4444 ,dur+ ! ,middle ,ages sci5ce _h disappe>$ f ! ,we/4 ,philosophy1 hemm$ 9 betwe5 metaphysics & !ology1 became s*ola/icism1 :i* s\ght to reconcile ,plato1 ,plot9us1 & ,ari/otle ) ! ne$s ( or?odoxy1 & split hairs ov] subtle ess5ces & entities4444 ,!n a conc\rse ( circum/ances occurr$ :i*1 z fifte5 c5turies be=e1 0 to trans=m ! ,we/]n _w1 al?\gh diff]5tly1 & :i* inaugurat$ mod]n times1 to wit3 ,! return to ! ,we/ ( ! k t _h tak5 refuge among ! ,arabs2 ! discov]y ( pr9t+1 :i* spread ev]y:]e tru/wor?y texts2 ! discov]y ( ! ,new ,_w1 :i* quadrupl$ ! surface ( ! e>? to be obs]v$ & /udi$2 ! awak5+ ( sci5ce1 ) ,cop]nicus1 ,galileo1 ,kepl]1 ,rondelet1 ,vesalius1 ,h>vey2 &1 f9ally1 ! ,re=mation4 ,on ! d[nfall ( s*ola/icism ! fir/ c>e ( philosophy 0 n ! r5\nc+ ( :at _h be5 its ess5ce1 ! se>* = ! absolute by intuition italics are m9e & reason1 b ! ov]haul+ ( its me?ods1 :i* x s\ght to r5d] m precise4444 ,! subsequ5t div]g5cies 7 root$ less 9 ! v>y+ intellectual & logical make-up ( ea* philosoph] & 9 _! me?od ( apply+ _! faculties ?an 9 _! individual ways ( feel+ & conceiv+4 ,philosophy 9 effect is simply a /ruggle betwe5 ^! elem5ts4444 ,nev]!less1 ! conque/s ( sci5ce began to make !mselves felt4 ,!re 0 n[ less insi/5ce on ,god & m on ! _w1 man1 morals1 & ! conditions ( social life4 ,! ov]-hang+ metaphysical cl\d is /ill m or less heavy1 b at spots x suff]s ! light to pass ?r\gh4 ,!re are two /reams3 ! "o cont9ues ,desc>tes--9 ,france ) ,pascal1 ,bossuet1 ,fnlon1 & ,malebran*e1 9 ,g]many ) ,sp9oza & ,leibnitz2 ! o!r1 9 ,engl&1 is repres5t$ by ,bacon1 ,hobbes1 & ,locke4444 ,bacon1 ,hobbes1 & ,locke are ! inaugurators ( a s*ool :i* is *>act]is$ by its practical _s1 its obs]vation & analysis ( psy*ological facts1 & by its disposition to ref] ! conduct ( man to ! advantages :i* he draws !refrom4 ,x l$ to ,adam ,smi?1 :o discov]s ! sanction ( morality 9 ! public approbation ( :at is "r2 to ,b5?am1 :o sees x 9 int]e/ rationally und]/ood2 to ,hume & ! ,scotti% s*ool2 & f9ally to ! exi/+ s*ool ( ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ,d>w91 & ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,locke1 on ! o!r h&1 is also ! />t+-po9t ( ! ,fr5* s*ool ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :i* is *>act]is$ by a t5d5cy at once anti-cl]ical1 altrui/ic1 & s5tim5tal4 ,we %all say no?+ ( ! philosophy ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ( ! ,g]man s*ool1 :i* repres5ts speculative philosophy1 & ! ,engli%1 :i* is physiological 9 b5t1 & ( :i* we h ! highe/ op9ion4 ,9 ,france ! mo/ notable a*ievem5t is ! attempt :i* 0 made by ,augu/e ,comte4 ,= ,comte metaphysics mu/ be entirely elim9at$4 ,! day ( intuitions1 priori conceptions1 entities1 innate ideas1 is pa/4 ,if a problem _c be solv$1 x is to be let alone4 ,psy*ology is only a bran* ( physiology1 & ! latt] a division ( biology4 ,morals re/ n ^u any imp]ative obligation1 b ^u ! altruism :i* education developes4 ,!re are no rights besides ^? :i* society conf]s4 ,human k has pass$ ?r\gh ?ree /ages3 "o ( fai? or !ology1 "o ( conceptions or metaphysics1 & "o ( obs]vation or sci5ce4 ,^!1 9 turn1 are ! basal pr9ciples ( sci5ce1 & w\ld be p]fect if ! positivi/ s*ool 7 fai?ful to !m4 ,b 9 its own bosom ev5 !re are refractory spirits :o suff] !mselves unconsci\sly to be rul$ by _! s5tim5ts r ?an by obs]vation1 & :o are con/antly laps+ back into ! old me?ods4444 ,= me !re is b "o me?od ( kn[+ :at is1 & ( induc+ !refrom :at has be5 & :at w be--& t is obs]vation2 all sugge/ions :i* transgress ?is me?od are void4 ,f 8 exam9ation ( ! evolution ( philosophy ,dr4 ,top9>d draws1 by way ( rsum1 ! foll[+ conclusions3-- a4 ,philosophy1 l religion1 is ! outcome ( ! belief 9 ! sup]natural held by man 9 8 m or less primitive /ate4 b4 ,! philosophic _s & ! _s :i* creat$ ! arts & lett]s h z common *>act]s _! subjectivity1 _! ne$ ( imag9+ & ( con/ruct+1 & _! firm belief 9 ! reality ( _! conceptions4 c4 ,philosophy is oppos$ to sci5ce4 ,x answ]s to ! impati5t ne$ ( man to expla9 at once ?+s :i* elude 8 compreh5sion4 d4 ,at ! pres5t day philosophy /ill lives1 b is los+ its initial "* & sees itself oblig$ m & m to reckon ) sci5ce & practice4 e4 ,we are oblig$ to admit t ! gr\p ( human faculties :i* has giv5 bir? to philosophy has a less prolong$ future ?an ! gr\p :i* has giv5 rise to sci5ce4 f4 ,philosophy1 al?\gh on ! wane1 & app>5tly 9 disaccord ) ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 has nev]!less a beautiful doma9 to exploit4 ,^! conclusions conc]n+ ! pa/ & pres5t ( philosophy _c be dissem9at$ too widely4 ,s _m refuse po9t-blank to inquire into _! belief1 because !y h be5 l$ to ?9k t ?is w entail _! wad+ ?r\gh a mass ( philosophical writ+s1 & because !y expect to f9d ^! ei!r incompreh5sible or unconv9c+4 ,prop]ly speak+1 ,*ri/ians %\ld be ! fir/ to admit t apologi/s :o attempt to def5d _! ,fai? by ab/ruse argum5ts are sadly inconsi/5t4 ,= x is writt51 ,jesus rejoic$ 9 _s1 & said1 ,i ?ank !e1 ,o ,fa!r1 ,"l ( heav5 & e>?1 t ?\ ha/ hid ^! ?+s f ! wise & prud5t1 & ha/ reveal$ !m unto babes4 ,let ! humble tru?-seek] take he>t4 ,:atev] ! value or pres5t t5d5cy ( philosophy may or may n be1 ! tru? ab\t ! ,*ri/ian religion c be asc]ta9$ )\t a k ( metaphysics4 ,metaphysics does n1 & nev] w1 appeal to ! av]age man4 ,he agrees ) ! sc(f]1 :o says3 ,:5 ! man :o is speak+ no long] kn[s :at he is talk+ ab\t1 & ! man :o is li/5+ nev] knew :at he 0 talk+ ab\t1 t is metaphysics6 ,! obscurity inh]5t 9 pr(\nd & ab/ract philosophy may well be object$ to1 n only z pa9ful & fatigu+1 b z ! inevitable s\rce ( unc]ta9ty & error4 ,"h1 inde$1 exclaims ,hume1 9 8 essay on ,! ,diff]5t ,species ( ,philosophy1 lies ! ju/e/ & mo/ plausible objection aga9/ a consid]able "p ( metaphysics1 t !y are n prop]ly a sci5ce1 b arise ei!r f ! fruitless ef=ts ( human vanity1 :i* w\ld p5etrate into subjects utt]ly inaccessible to ! und]/&+1 or f ! craft ( popul> sup]/itions1 :i*1 be+ unable to def5d !mselves on fair gr\nd1 raise ^! intangl+ brambles to cov] & protect _! weakness4 ,x is accurate & j reason+ l t ( ,hume1 9 8 ,inquiry ,conc]n+ ,human ,und]/&+1 :i*1 to quote 8 words aga91 is ! only ca?olic rem$y1 fitt$ = all p]sons & all dispositions2 & is alone able to subv]t t ab/ruse philosophy & metaphysical j>gon :i*1 be+ mix$ up ) popul> sup]/ition1 r5d]s x 9 a mann] imp5etrable to c>eless reason]s1 & gives x ! air ( sci5ce & wisdom4 ,x may be urg$ t ! fam\s ,scotti% philosoph] & hi/orian has be5 unduly sev]e 9 8 sceptical views conc]n+ speculative philosophy1 or t he w\ld h be5 less sev]e ^u ! lat] metaphysical ?9k+ :i* 0 affect$ by 8 criticisms4 ,!re /ill rema9s1 9 any case1 "o feature common to all philosophies3 _! difficulty4 ,philosophy is only /udi$1 &1 inde$1 c only be ?or\ghly und]/ood1 by ! few4 ,take1 = example1 t intellectual ph5om5on1 ,hegelianism1 ! _s & me?od ( :i* h leav5$ ! :ole mass ( philosophical ?\ght 9 ,g]many4 ,x is confess$ly "o ( ! mo/ difficult ( all philosophies4 ,"o has he>d :at ,hegel himself is suppos$ to h said3 ,only "o man ev] und]/ood me1 & ev5 he c\ldn't4 ,?is difficulty ( compreh5sion has an important be>+ on ! argum5t = ,agno/icism4 ,grant+ t !re is su* a ,god z ,hegel w\ld h u accept1 h[ c anyone suppose = a mom5t t a ,deity wrapp+ ,himself up 9 su* obscurity w\ld be unreasonable en\gh to expect all mank9d to believe 9 ,him8 ,he mu/ n only p>don1 b approve (1 ,agno/icism4 ,a ,god1 ^: exi/5ce c only be prov$1 if x c be prov$ at all1 by ! ab/ruse argum5ts ( a ,hegel1 is n a ,god anxi\s to reveal ,himself to ,8 creatures4 ,,popul> ,,argum5ts ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,fallacies ,,9 ,,popul> ,,argum5ts #a4 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks4 ,! ,p[] ( ,*ri/ianity = ,good4 ,f9ally we h to consid] "s argum5ts t h (t5 q z mu* weight ) ! believ] z ,bible apologetics or ,!i/ic pro(s4 ,!y are3 7#a7 ,! p[] ( ,*ri/ianity = good2 7#b7 ! m>vell\s spread ( ,*ri/ianity2 7#c7 ! witness ( ! ,*ri/ian m>tyrs2 & 7#d7 ! univ]sality ( ! religi\s in/9ct4 ,! fir/ ( ^!--! p[] ( ,*ri/ianity = good--op5s up a l>ge "q1 & ,i h ?\ght x advisable1 !re=e1 to select = special inve/igation two popul> beliefs spr++ f ?is s\rce--namely1 ! belief t woman owes h] pres5t position to ,*ri/ianity1 & ! belief t ! ov]?r[ ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld endang] society & ! nation4 ,! po9t n[ "u consid]ation is n :e!r ,*ri/ianity ought to h be51 b :e!r x has be51 a p[] = good4 ,al?\gh ! apologi/1 :5 h>d press$ z to ?is or t evid5ce ( failure1 attributes x to ! fault ( man1 he nev]!less cont9ues /\tly to ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ianity has inde$ work$ wond]s = mank9d4 ,?is we %\ld c]ta9ly expect ( x1 if x be a true belief1 & x is a claim !re=e :i* _c be too closely inve/igat$4 ,x w\ld be a comp>atively easy1 ?\gh l5g?y1 task to make out an exce$+ly /rong case aga9/ ,*ri/ianity by enl>g+ ^u ! inhumanity & immorality ( ! ,d>k ,ages1 & comp>+ ?is ) ! f> m humane & moral conduct ( m5 9 pre-,*ri/ian civilisations4 ,"o c\ld po9t to ! rock-grav5 edicts ( ,k+ ,asoka 7#bfc-bbf ,b4,c471 & %[ t 9 ! matt] ( disc\nt5anc+ slav]y1 ( humanity to prison]s1 ( d5\nc+ w>1 ( f\nd+ hospitals1 ( aboli%+ blood sacrifices1 ( inculcat+ religi\s tol]ation1 & ( tea*+ purity ( life1 all t is n[ s complac5tly claim$ = ,*ri/ianity 0 anticipat$4 ,or aga91 "o might dwell on ! d>k side ( ,*ri/5dom1 ev5 9 ?is ye> ( grace #aijg1 & draw "s v odi\s comp>isons1 especially z we h s rec5tly be5 pres5t$ ) ! object-lesson ( a hea!n race :i* excels _m1 & equals any1 ( ! ,*ri/ian races 9 ne>ly all ^? virtues we prize & call ,*ri/ian4 ,b ,i h no int5tion ( emb>k+ ^u su* a wide sea ( controv]sy4 ,"o controv]sial subject1 h[ev]1 ,i feel b\nd to notice1 because ! disput$ po9t is at ! root ( ! :ole matt]4 ,we are s accu/om$ to he> e humane or unselfi% de$1 & e moral act1 describ$ z ,*ri/ian t good & ,*ri/ian h almo/ become synonym\s t]ms4 ,x nev] occurs to u to ask1 or we nev] give a second ?\ght to ! "q1 h[ mu* ! humane pr9ciples n[ accept$ among civilis$ nations may be due to education1 exp]i5ce1 & evolution1 & h[ mu* to ,*ri/ian influ5ce4 ,! ,rationali/ attributes ! improvem5t *iefly to ! =m]1 &1 9 any case1 to ! work+ ( natural =ces2 ! ,*ri/ian *iefly to ! latt]1 &1 9 any case1 to ! work+ ( sup]natural =ces4 ,all t is b5eficial 9 civilisation1 bo? on its mat]ial & on :at is call$ its spiritual side1 is plac$ by ! ,*ri/ian to ! cr$it ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! h& ( ,god is trac$ ) becom+ rev]5ce 9 e discov]y :i* ameliorates our lot4 ,?is1 al?\gh ! promot]s & discov]]s are (t5 non-,*ri/ians1 & al?\gh x is well kn[n t x is ! ,*ur* t has *iefly delay$ ! advance ( sci5ce4 ,:atev] may be ! case n[1 ! education ( ! masses nev] conc]n$ h] 9 old5 times4 ,r h] conc]n 0 !n t ! p %\ld n be educat$1 mu* z x is 9 ,russia at ! pres5t "t4 ,su* education z %e did enc\rage 0 ( ! type imp>t$ 9 ! ,mohamm$an ,univ]sity at ,cairo to-day--! ?ree ,r's & ! ,koran--& = simil> reasons4 ,z late z #ahdf ,cobd5 writes to a fri5d on ! subject ( national education3 ,i took ! repeal ( ! ,corn ,laws z light amusem5t comp>$ ) ! difficult task ( induc+ ! prie/s ( all d5om9ations to agree to suff] ! p to be educat$4 ,aga91 ,"l ,macaulay1 speak+ ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 says t dur+ ! la/ ?ree c5turies to /unt ! gr[? ( ! human m9d has be5 h] *ief object4 ,?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 :atev] advance has be5 made 9 k1 9 fre$om1 9 weal?1 & 9 ! arts ( life1 has be5 made 9 spite ( h]1 & has ev]y:]e be5 9 inv]se proportion to h] p[]4 ,! lovelie/ & mo/ f]tile prov9ces ( ,europe h1 "u h] rule1 be5 sunk 9 pov]ty1 9 political s]vitude1 & 9 intellectual torpor4 ,s long z organisms are adapt$ to _! environm5t1 nei!r progressive nor retrogressive developm5t w occur4 ,because1 aft] ! ,d>k ,ages1 ,europe progress$ :ile ,asia /agnat$ & ,africa retrogress$1 is mod]n civilisation to be plac$ to ! cr$it ( ! ,*ri/ian religion8 ,z rationally might any "o ( ! anci5t civilisations be cr$it$ to ! popul> sup]/ition ( ! c\ntry !n 9 ! van ( progress4 ,to su* absurd l5g?s are ^! pret5sions c>ri$ t we f9d p]sons ignorant en\gh & fanatical en\gh to attribute ! pres5t pr$om9ance ( ,*ri/ian nations to _! religion4 ,= a reply to su* ,i _c bett] t giv5 by a le>n$ ,buddhi/ monk to a mission>y :o _h told him t nations ( ! ,we/ _h become p[]ful because ( _! ,*ri/ianity4 ,! fact is1 retort$ ! monk1 t nations h become p[]ful 9 ! degree to :i* !y h reject$ ! precepts ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! ext5t to :i* !y h sub/itut$ = ! ,*ri/ian maxim ( ',love ?y neighb\r z ?yself' t o!r maxim :i* %oots #cjj bullets a m9ute4 ,return+ to ! only cont5tion really wor? consid]+1 let u assume t !re has be5 moral progress 9 ,*ri/5dom1 & let u assume also t ?is has no?+ to d ) ! advance ( ,humanit>ianism 9 ! pres5t1 or ) pre-,*ri/ian 7,buddhi/1 = in/ance7 tea*+ 9 ! pa/4 ,are we to conclude t ?is is a pro( ( ! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,i mu/ confess ,i fail to see h[ any improvem5t :i* !re may be 9 ! matt] ( co>se vice among ! prolet>iat1 ( di%one/y among ! comm]cial classes1 ( corruptness among ! pr(essional1 & ( s5suality among ! leisur$ classes1 c be any pro( t ,jesus1 "o ( ! _w's re=m]s1 0 ,god ,inc>nate4 ,*ri/ian tea*+ embodies precepts ( ! greate/ e?ical value1 borr[$1 z we n[ "k1 f ! doctr9es ( anci5t morali/s & religi\s tea*]s4 ,w\ld x n inde$ be /range if ?is tea*+ _h done no good :atev]--if ! leav5 _h _h no elevat+ influ5ces at all1 :]eas ! tea*+s ( ,confucius & ,buddha h produc$ ^? admirable results :i* ev5 ,*ri/ians are at la/ prep>$ to admit8 ,dr4 ,w>s*au] expla9s 9 ,anti-,nunquam1 p4 #gb1 t ,agno/ics are good m51 because1 will+ly or unwill+ly1 !y h tak5 9 ,*ri/ian ideas ?r\gh e pore4 ,h[1 !n1 does he expla9 ! virtues ( ! ,japanese8 ,let u n[ leave g5]alisation1 & inve/igate 9 "s detail an important ,*ri/ian argum5t :i* has ! cont5tion ( ,*ri/ianity's p[] = good z its s\rce4 ,x =ms a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! way fallacies may arise f a h>d-&-fa/ adhesion to convictions t are ju/ifi$ r by ! he>t ?an by hi/ory4 #b4 ,*ri/ianity ,woman's ,be/ ,fri5d4 #bdb ,! majority ( wom5 /ill rema9 true believ]s4 ,!re appe> to be num]\s reasons1 psy*ological & educational1 = _! attitude4 ,woman is m imag9ative1 m emotional1 & m s5sitive to ext]nal sugge/ion ?an man4 ,z to h] education1 m51 ev5 ^? :o h no religi\s belief :atev]1 pref] to keep h] 9 ignorance ( _! views1 p>tly "u a vague notion t unbelief w\ld und]m9e h] virtue & less5 h] amiability1 & p>tly because !y deem h] religi\s influ5ce an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! upbr++ ( _! *ildr54 ,9 addition to all ?is1 woman is taught by ! ,*ur* t ,*ri/ianity is h] be/ fri5d4 ,prom95t prelates ( ! ,*ur* proclaim t ! ,gospel has giv5 woman ! position %e holds to-day4 #bdc ,no?+ c\ld v well be m contr>y to fact4 ,"o c only suppose t ^! exp\nd]s ( ! tru? are speak+ accord+ to ! dictates ( _! he>ts1 & )\t hav+ really /udi$ ! "q1 or else t !y believe _! cause is s]v$ by delib]ately clos+ _! eyes to inconv5i5t facts4 ,! "q is "o ( supreme importance1 z x is *iefly wom5 :o are n[ ! ma9/ay ( ! ,fai?4 ,p ) little or no k ( ^? portions ( hi/ory t specially be> ^u ! "q are easily deceiv$4 ,! av]age woman's ideas conc]n+ ! pre-,*ri/ian civilisations are decid$ly vague4 ,h] ideas may also be fur!r confus$ by lurid acc\nts f ! pulpit ( ! lic5ti\sness preval5t among ! upp] classes dur+ ! e>li] & also ! la/ ye>s ( ! ,roman ,empire2 :ile no?+ is told h] ab\t ! unre/ra9$ lic5ce ( ! ari/ocracy dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 & ! degrad$ condition ( ! masses dur+1 say1 ! eighte5? c5tury1 :51 says ,sir ,walt] ,besant1 = drunk5ness1 brutality1 & ignorance1 ! ,engli%man ( ! bas] k9d rea*$ ! l[e/ dep? ev] rea*$ by civilis$ man4 ,cl]ics :o unconsci\sly mislead _! congregations ) ?is argum5t _c be aw>e ( ^? h>d facts ( hi/ory :i* r5d] x unt5able4 ,= _! b5efit1 & = ! b5efit ( _! dupes1 let u glance at a few ( ^! facts4 ,! /atus ( wom5 among ! b>b>ians is v\*$ = by ! ,romans1 _! enemies1 & !re=e unexceptionable witnesses4 ,no?+ impress$ ! ,romans m ?an ! equality ( ! sexes among ! nor!rn nations1 ! man's rev]5ce = womanhood1 ! woman's sympa?y ) manhood1 & ! high code ( morality t 0 ! natural outcome ( ?is well-balanc$ /ate ( society4 ,at a "t :5 ! m5 ( ! ,*os5 ,p 7 insult+ & unju/ to _! wom51 hea!n wom5 enjoy$ a position :i* _! ,*ri/ian1 n to m5tion _! ,mohamm$an1 desc5dants might well envy4 ,polygamy only began to disappe> among ! ,jews 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 & s curi\s 0 ! influ5ce ( ! ,old ,te/am5t on ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur* t sev]al ( ! ,fa!rs c\ld n br+ !mselves to condemn x1 & x 0 n (ficially suppress$ by ! ,*ur* until ,a4,d4 #ajfj4 ,lu!r & ! ,re=m]s all[$ x ev5 lat]4 ,yet polygamy 0 "o ( ! sure/ signs ( a contempt ( woman1 & x _h be5 reject$ by ,greeks1 ,romans1 & b>b>ians long be=e ! ,hebrews began to p]ceive its enormity4 #bdd ,! "p wom5 play$ 9 old ,japan1 writes ! f\nd] ( ! fir/ univ]sity = wom5 9 ,japan1 #bde 0 v rem>kable1 especially be=e ! arrival ( ,buddhism & ,confucianism4 ,m5 & wom5 7 almo/ equal 9 _! social position4 ,!re 0 !n no %ad[ ( ! b>b>\s idea t m5 7 ev]y?+ & wom5 no?+4 ,wom5's p[] ev5 9 politics 0 great1 & hi/ory tells u t !re 7 n9e wom5 :o asc5d$ ! ?rone 9 old5 times4 ,wom5 9 g5]al 7 n inf]ior to m5 physically1 m5tally1 or morally4 ,!y 7 not$ = _! brav]y1 & di/+ui%$ !mselves on ! field ( battle4 ,9 ! lit]>y _w !y 7 n less not$ = _! brilliant productions4 ,_! moral conduct 0 mo/ blameless1 & comm&$ univ]sal respect4 ,_! natural temp]am5t 0 *e]ful & optimi/ic1 & *>m$ ! /]n] sex4 ,su* be+ ! atta9m5ts & *>act]i/ics ( wom5 9 old5 times1 we c fairly believe t !y 7 z well educat$ z m5 71 al?\gh !re 7 n exi/+ any in/itutions ( in/ruction = wom54 ,?is 0 ! spr+time ( ,japanese womanhood1 :5 x blossom$ undi/urb$1 & ex]t$ a /rong & b5eficial influ5ce on ! life ( old ,japan4 ,! introduction ( ,buddhism & ,confucianism1 h[ev]1 began to create great *anges 9 ! position ( wom54 ,& yet s p[]ful 7 wom5 9 society :5 ^! two religions came to ,japan t _! rapid spread 9 our c\ntry 0 due to ! e>ne/ endeav\rs ( wom54 ,speak+ ( ! feudal age1 he rem>ks3 ,! social environm5t ( ! age & ! preval5ce ( ,buddhism & ,confucianism work$ h& 9 h& to br+ ab\t ! subjection ( wom54 ,! analogy betwe5 ! exp]i5ces ( ! ,japanese lady & h] ,european si/] is a /rik+ "o4 7,!re is an analogy1 too1 betwe5 ! conduct ( ! ,buddhi/ prie/s & t ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic prie/s 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 or ev5 9 ,s\!rn ,italy to-day4 ,! s9s ( ! pres5t g5]ation ( prie/s1 said ,c\nt ,okuma 9 ! c\rse ( an int]view1 are _m1 & ! hells ab\t :i* !y prea* are prep>$ = ! l ( !m4 #bdf ,! majority ( ! prie/s are utt]ly deg5]ate & hopelessly ignorant4 #bdg7 ,look on ^! pictures1 "o ( #bjjj ,b4,c4 & ! o!r ( ,a4,d4 #ahej3-- ,picture ,i4--,two ?\s& ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era woman 0 m free & m hon\r$ 9 ,egypt ?an %e is 9 any c\ntry ( ! _w to-day4 ,%e 0 ! mi/ress ( ! h\se4 #bdh444 ,%e inh]it$ equally ) h] bro!rs1 & _h full control ( h] prop]ty4 ,%e c\ld g :]e %e lik$1 or speak ) :om %e lik$4 ,%e 0 'juridically ! equal ( man1' says ,m4 ,paturet1 'hav+ ! same rights & be+ treat$ 9 ! same fa%ion'2 & ! same au?ority obs]ves t x 0 n z "m1 b z woman1 z a be+ equal 9 dignity1 t %e 0 ?us hon\r$4 ,!re 0 polygamy 9 !ory1 b ! fir/ wife 0 g5]ally able to exact conditions 9 h] m>riage contract :i* effectually prev5t$ x4 ,! inscriptions %[1 says ,maspro1 t %e rema9$ to ! end ( h] life '! belov$ ( h] husb& & ! mi/ress ( ! h\se4' #bdi ,picture ,,ii4--,9 enlight5$ ,bo/on1 ab\t #ahej 7"u ! ,engli% ,common ,law71 woman c\ld n hold any prop]ty1 ei!r inh]it$ or e>n$4 ,a woman1 ei!r m>ri$ or unm>ri$1 c\ld hold no (fice ( tru/ or p[]4 ,%e 0 n recognis$ z a citiz54 ,! /atus ( a m>ri$ woman 0 little bett] ?an t ( a dome/ic s]vant4 ,by ! ,engli% ,common ,law h] husb& 0 h] "l & ma/]4 ,he _h ! sole cu/ody ( h] p]son1 & ( h] *ildr5 :ile m9ors4 ,he c\ld puni% h] ) a /ick no ?ick] ?an 8 ?umb1 & %e c\ld n compla9 aga9/ him4 ,he 0 ! own] ( all h] real e/ate & ( h] e>n+s4 ,%e _h no p]sonal rights1 & c\ld h>dly call h] s\l h] own4 ,h] husb& c\ld /eal h] *ildr51 rob h] ( h] clo?+1 neglect to support ! family3 %e _h no legal r$ress4 #bej ,n until ne> ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury did t movem5t comm5ce :i* has radically improv$1 & w cont9ue to improve1 ! position ( wom54 ,& :o took ! *ief1 &1 9 ! initial /age1 ! only1 "p 9 ?is re=m movem5t8 ,free?9k]s4 ,:o 7 sil5t :5 !y 7 n active oppon5ts8 ,! cl]gy4 ,x 0 j ^? :o mo/ radically ab&on$ ,*ri/ianity--,ow51 ,holyoake1 & ,mill--t 7 ! mo/ logical & ungrudg+ 9 _! plea = woman4 ,x 0 ! ,m>y ,woll/onecrafts1 ,h>riet ,m>t9eaus1 ,frances ,wrights1 ,george ,eliots1 ,hel5 ,taylors1 & ,annie ,besants t di/+ui%$ !mselves by fe>lessness & unselfi%ness444 ,! cl]gy nev] discov]$ any inju/ice to woman2 & only "o 9 a ?\s& c\ld see x :5 x 0 po9t$ out4444 ,all hon\r to ! memory ( ^? cl]gym5 :o1 l ,k+sley & ,f>r>1 prote/$ aga9/ ! inju/ice to ! full ext5t ( _! idea ( womanhood4444 ,on ! ,cont95t !re has be5 ! same /ory ( g5]al cl]ical opposition & g5]al het]odox support4 #bea ,mr4 ,p9*wife1 #beb too1 has und\bt$ly _h a h& 9 ! subjection ( woman2 b we are inve/igat+ ! gr\nds = ! cont5tion t ,*ri/ianity has laid on woman a burd5 ( gratitude1 & t1 if ,*ri/ianity 7 ov]?r[n1 wom5 w\ld s9k into unkn[n dep?s ( degradation4 ,d ! above-/at$ facts be> out t cont5tion8 ,! "q arises3 ,:y has ,*ri/ianity /ood 9 ! way ( woman's cause8 ,! answ] is simple en\gh3 ,*ri/ianity1 9 adopt+ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 adopt$ ) x ! ,hebrew conception ( woman4 ,h] inf]iority to man 0 e/abli%$ by h] orig9 f 8 rib & ! lead+ "p %e took 9 8 fall4 ,! ,vic> ( ,crantock tabulates #bec ! reasons :y a ,*ri/ian woman %\ld cov] h] head 9 *ur*1 z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,man's priority ( creation4 ,adam 0 fir/ =m$1 !n ,eve4 7#b7 ,! mann] ( creation4 ,! man is n ( ! woman1 b ! woman ( ! man4 7#c7 ,! purport ( creation4 ,! man 0 n creat$ = ! woman1 b ! woman = ! man4 7#d7 ,results 9 creation4 ,! man is ! image ( ! ,glory ( ,god1 b woman is ! glory ( man4 7#e7 ,woman's priority 9 ! ,fall4 ,adam 0 n deceiv$2 b ! woman1 be+ deceiv$1 0 9 ! transgression4 7#f7 ,! m>riage relation4 ,z ! ,*ur* is subject to ,*ri/1 s let ! wives be to _! husb&s4 7#g7 ,! head%ip ( man & woman4 ,! head ( e man is ,*ri/1 b ! head ( ! woman is man4 ,! ,jews' idea ( a woman 0 sanction$ by no less an au?ority ?an ,jehovah2 nor did ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospels give "o ^w ( cle> guidance on ?is or any o!r social problem1 or ent] "o ^w ( explicit prote/ aga9/ ! inju/ice ( ! ,judaic treatm5t ( wom54 ,aga91 ! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul 0 bas$ on ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! tea*+ ( ! ,fa!rs 0 bas$ on ! ,old ,te/am5t & ,/4 ,paul4 ,a few quotations f ! say+s ( "s ( ^! ,fa!rs1 ^: contempt ( m>riage became "o ( ! great errors ( ! ,*ur*1 may prove in/ructive3-- ,=nication is a lapse f "o m>riage into _m4--,clem5t ( ,alex&ria4 ,digami/s 7wid[]s :o re-m>ry7 are sav$ 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/1 b are by no means cr[n$ by him4--,orig54 ,second m>riage is a dec5t sort ( adult]y4--,a!nagoras4 ,x 0 no "p ( ,god's primitive design t ! race %\ld be cont9u$ by sexual union4 ,m>riage is ! outcome ( s94--,/4 ,gregory ( ,nyssa 7a m>ri$ bi%op74 ,bless$ is ! "o :o leads a celibate life1 & soils n ! div9e image )9 him ) ! fil? ( concupisc5ce4 ,fi]ce is ! dragon1 & cunn+ ! asp2 ,b woman has ! malice ( bo?4 --,/4 ,gregory ( ,nazianzum4 ,:y 0 woman creat$ at all8--,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,?\ art ! devil's gate1 ! betray] ( ! tree1 ! fir/ des]t] ( ! div9e law6 ,m>riage is n f> remov$ f =nication4--,t]tullian4 ,%e is m fitt$ = bodily "w4444 ,rememb] t ,god took a rib out ( ,adam's body1 n a "p ( 8 s\l1 to make h]4 ,%e 0 n made to ! image ( ,god1 l man4--,/4 ,ambrose4 ,woman is ! root ( all evil4--,/4 ,j]ome4 ,at ! ,c\ncil ( ,aux]re1 9 #egh1 ! bi%ops =bade wom51 on acc\nt ( _! impurity1 to take ! sacram5t 9 _! h&s z m5 did4 ,if wom5 only knew ( ^! say+s1 w\ld !y approve ( ! appeal to ! fir/ six c5turies8 ,bad z ! position ( woman 0 "u ! influ5ce ( ! e>ly ,*ur* tea*+1 x 01 9 _m respects1 /ill worse dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,life-long seclusion 9 ! inn] ap>tm5ts ( ! h\se ( a man %e has n *os51 or int]nm5t 9 a nunn]y--t is1 ei!r degrad$ or unnatural--is ! *oice 7)9 limits7 ( ! daught] ( ! weal?y4 ,life-long drudg]y1 ) few & co>se pleasures1 ) a long vi/a ( /icks & :ips1 & scold's bridles1 & duck+ /ools--)1 p]haps1 ! brutal 'ordeal' on ! slighte/ suspicion1 or ! gha/ly dea? ( ! wit*1 is ! prospect ( ! daught] ( ! poor4 #bed ,ev5 ! ,re=mation alt]$ m ?an x improv$ ! condition ( woman4 ,h[ c\ld x be o!rwise :5 ! ,re=m]s 7 no?+ if n ,bibliolat]s8 ,( ! movem5t = ! bett]m5t ( woman's position t ev5tually took place1 n by ! aid1 b 9 spite1 ( ! ,*ur*1 ,i h already spok54 ,all ! evid5ce we possess reg>d+ ! hi/ory ( ,hea!ndom & ,*ri/5dom conclusively %[s t ,*ri/ianity has done mu* to l[]1 & b little to elevate1 ! position ( wom54 ,%\ld ,i h succe$$ 9 ar\s+ ! int]e/ ( my g5tle read]s1 or %\ld !y wi% to v]ify my /atem5ts1 ,i implore !m to read well-kn[n works ( compet5t au?orities on ?is subject4 ,! a/\nd+ b app>5tly preval5t idea1 t woman is only secur$ by ,*ri/ianity f ! brutal assaults ( man1 w appe> 9 ! next argum5t we are ab\t to consid]4 #c4 ,! ,ov]?r[ ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld ,endang] ,society & ! ,nation4 ,i h else:]e comm5t$ on ! op9ion preval5t 9 ,engl& 7& 9 "s o!r1 b n all o!r1 ,*ri/ian c\ntries7 t1 to quote ,canon ,h5son1 ! real elem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? are ^? t h made ,european nations ! mo/ p[]ful 9 ! _w1 #bee & t ! ov]?r[ ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld endang] ! nation4 ,_m g /ill f>!r1 & prophesy absolute *aos4 ,p :o h be5 imbu$ ) ! ,*ur*'s tea*+1 & :o h sp5t _! lives 9 ,*ri/ian surr\nd+s1 are naturally conv9c$ t belief & morality are indissoluble p>tn]s--t ,*ri/ianity is a p[] = good 9 ?is respect above all o!rs4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,pr(essor ,fl9t says1 ,x ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? c\ld n be displac$ )\t %ak+ society f top to bottom1 #bef he expresses a v popul> op9ion among believ]s & semi-believ]s4 ,ev5 among ,agno/ics !re are _m :o1 :ile recognis+ ! fallacy s f> z !y !mselves are conc]n$1 /ill seem to consid] t society w\ld be insuffici5tly protect$ f crim9als by its own in/9ct ( self-pres]vation1 & t1 to ma9ta9 ord] among ! masses1 ! h& ( ! law mu/1 = ! pres5t1 be /r5g!n$ by appeals to a sup]natural sanction ( conduct4 ,bo? ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,mat!w ,arnold1 = example1 ?\ght ! _w at l>ge /ood 9 p]il ( a moral collapse1 :ile1 z ! latt] puts x1 ! old 7!ologically-d]iv$7 sanction ( conduct is out ( date1 & ! new is n yet born4 ,few ?+s c happ5 m disa/r\s1 writes ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ?an ! decay & dea? ( a regulative sy/em no long] fit1 be=e ano!r & fitt] regulative sy/em has gr[n up to replace x 7see ,preface1 dat$ ,july1 #ahgi1 to ,! ,data ( ,e?ics74 ,x is = reasons su* z ^! t s _m ,agno/ics /ill l5d _! moral support to ! ,*ur*es2 = m5 rightly uphold :at !y deem ess5tial to ! common weal1 :e!r x be ,*ri/-wor%ip 9 ,engl& or ance/or-wor%ip 9 ,japan4 ,?is deeply-root$ conviction reg>d+ belief & conduct has be5 p>tially consid]$ 9 ! fir/ section ( ?is *apt]1 &1 ! subject be+ "o ( ! greate/ importance1 ,i am also devot+ to its consid]ation a portion ( ! conclud+ *apt] ( ?is book4 ,i %all conf9e myself "h to ! w>n+ giv5 to u by ! ,*ur* & ! pi\s laity--t we mu/ expect no?+ less ?an *aos %\ld ! ,resurrection1 & along ) x1 ( c\rse1 ! :ole fabric ( ,*ri/ianity1 be ultimately disprov$4 ,?is view has be5 illu/rat$ 9 ,mr4 ,guy ,?orne's book1 ,:5 x 0 ,d>k4 ,! book may be se5 on e book/all1 has _h an extraord9>y sale1 #beg & has be5 mu* appreciat$ by _m pi\s-m9d$ p]sons 7especially by ^? ( ! ,high ,*ur* p]suasion1 ! book be+ writt5 by a p>tisan ( t cult74 ,! anti-,*ri/ian propag&i/ is "h repres5t$ z kn[+ t ,*ri/ is ,god2 b1 = "s unexpla9$ & exce$+ly my/]i\s reason1 utilis+ a huge =tune & a p[]ful intellect 9 unscrupul\s endeav\rs to spread disbelief4 ,he is a deceiv] ( mank9d1 a g5u9e ,satan 9 human %ape4 ,he leads ! life ( an ascetic1 s ! usual gr\nds giv5 = disbelief are remov$4 ,) ! assi/ance ( ano!r man 7a real villa91 ?is "t1 ( ! l[e/ type71 "o ( ! greate/ savants ( ! day1 a gigantic fraud is p]petrat$1 & ! ,resurrection !reby def9itely disprov$4 ,imm$iately an epidemic ( crime breaks out among quondam ,*ri/ians1 :i* no?+ c quell4 ,! re/ra9ts ( ord] are p>alys$1 & ! crim9al elem5t is rampant4 ,! viol5ce & vici\sness ( m5 71 please to note1 specially direct$ aga9/ ! weak] sex1 :o _h to keep at home & b> ! door4 ,n only ,agno/ics1 b any :o happ5$ to diff] 9 _! views f ?is *ampion ( ,*ri/ianity1 come 9 = a %>e ( ,mr4 ,?orne's invective4 ,! wond] is h[ an au?or ( 8 ability c\ld be capable ( p5n+ su* an effusion2 & t x c be read & appreciat$1 z x und\bt$ly has be5 by _m excell5t p]sons ( 8 way ( ?9k+1 only %[s h[ easily bias may cl\d ! intellect4 ,x requires an ef=t1 too1 to und]/& h[ ?is book c appeal to "o ( ! *ief dignit>ies ( ! ,*ur*2 b !re1 conspicu\sly pr9t$ on ! cov]1 we are treat$ to an extract f 8 s]mon 9 praise ( ! book4 ,i submit t !re is n a ,rationali/ 9 ! _w1 h[ev] militant1 :o w\ld desc5d to =g]y to promote 8 cause4 ,he w\ld n hold ! pi\s op9ion t ! end ju/ifies ! means4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! curta9 has b n[ fall5 ^u a sc5e :]e a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* rang$ h]self on ! side ( =g]s :ile free?9k]s l ,zola & ,clm5ceau f\ght ! battle ( tru?4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,guy ,?orne & ! admir]s ( 8 book1 ! ,*ri/ian races are innately f> worse ?an ,jews1 ,turks1 infidels1 & h]etics--f> worse1 inde$1 ?an savages & animals--= !y are only held 9 *eck f ! commission ( ! vile/ excesses by _! belief 9 ! ,resurrection4 ,*aos & crime are rife 9 c]ta9 cities 9 ,russia & ,pol& to-day4 ,:at is ! cause8 ,unbelief8 ,is x n r ! result ( ! cruel laws & despicable me?ods ( a ,*ri/ian gov]nm5t1 aid$ by ,*ri/ian but*]s1 call+ !mselves soldi]s1 & by a ,*ri/ian hooligan elem5t su* z x w\ld be h>d to f9d outside a ,*ri/ian city8 ,?is *aos occurs1 m9d y1 "u a p[]ful ,*ri/ian !ocratic gov]nm5t2 & ! head ( ! ,holy ,synod1 ,pobi$ono/seff1 01 be=e 8 removal1 "o ( ! prime mov]s4 ,! t]rible atrocities ( :i* ! un=tunate ,jews h be5 ! victims 7 und\bt$ly conniv$ at by ! au?orities1 & inhuman crimes h be5 p]petrat$ by ,*ri/ians t w\ld be impossible 9 humane ,japan4 ,! policy ( keep+ ! masses /eep$ 9 ! grosse/ sup]/itions ( ! or?odox ,*ur* is n[ be>+ fruit1 add+ to ! *aos & blood%$ & h9d]+ ! "w ( re=m4 ,x is belief1 n unbelief1 t has play$ a lead+ "p 9 creat+ ?is *aos1 & 9 /irr+ up man's cruelle/ passions4 ,z to ! safety ( wom5 79 ! ev5t ( ! ,resurrection be+ discr$it$71 :]e 9 civilis$ ,*ri/5dom1 may ,i ask1 c\ld a lady be left = days & nights alone 9 a t5t or op5 h\se8 ,%e c be1 9 ! ,indian jungle or 9 ! ,au/ralian bu%4 ,= su* protection z may !re be necess>y 7& ! op5 h\se te/ifies h[ little x is requir$7 %e relies ^u h] hea!n s]vants4 ,almo/ ! only dang] 9 ,india is f religi\s fanatics1 & 9 ,au/ralia f ,*ri/ian crim9als4 ,9 :at ,*ri/ian c\ntry w\ld x be safe to h pap] w9d[s & walls1 z 9 ,japan8 ,my wife & ,i slept 9 /range1 out-(-!-way native hotels 9 ,japan 9 p]fect security1 ?\gh a w\ld-be crim9al _h only to te> ?r\gh a ?9 piece ( pap]6 ,belief 9 ! ,resurrection is rapidly decay+ 9 ,france to-day4 ,are cases ( assault on wom5 any ! m preval5t on t acc\nt8 ,if belief 9 ! ,resurrection is s ess5tial1 h[ comes x t we h alli$ ourselves to a hea!n nation1 & made fri5ds ) ano!r t is fa/ giv+ up ?is belief8 ,h[ comes x t 9 our own ,gov]nm5t two ( ! mo/ responsible po/s are n[ occupi$ by decl>$ ,agno/ics8 #d4 ,! ,spread ( ,*ri/ianity a ,pro( ( its ,tru?4 ,:at1 !n1 asks ! ,rev4 ,preb5d>y ,w4 ,a4 ,:itwor?1 #beh 0 ! orig9al gospel ( p[] :i* ov]ran ! _w ) su* a/oni%+ success8 ,! spread ( ,*ri/ianity is ?\ght by ne>ly all good ,*ri/ians to h be5 m>vell\s4 ,0 x8 ,t is ! "q we h next to consid]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 let u see :at we are told on ?is po9t by recognis$ !ologians4 ,9 8 book1 ,! ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 we are rem9d$ by ! le>n$ ,dr4 ,we/cott1 ! late ,bi%op ( ,durham1 t ! disp]sion ( ! ,jews ex]cis$ a great influ5ce ^u ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! pagans got ! idea ( mono!ism1 :ile ! ,jews !mselves dropp$ ! idea ( a 'k+dom' & sub/itut$ a 'fai?4' ,he also rem9ds u ( ! broad unity ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & ( ! disp]sion ( ! ,jews be+ co-ext5sive ) its limits1 & concludes t dur+ ! lifetime ( ,/4 ,paul e condition 0 realis$ = proclaim+ ! ,gospel to ! _w4 ,)\t su* prep>ation1 he says1 ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld be hi/orically inconceivable1 & x is a rem>kable example ( ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,"h1 !n1 we h an admission ( purely natural causes1 &1 al?\gh ! believ] may be able to look ^u !m ) rev]5ce1 z ,provid5tial1 he c h>dly claim !m to be at ! same "t a witness to ! p[] ( ! ,gospel4 ,also1 we %all see t !re 7 _m o!r natural causes at "w1 & t among !m 7 "s :i* ! pi\s w\ld be ! la/ to connect ) a ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,hi/orians f9d t ! rapidity ( ! spread has be5 mu* exagg]at$1 & t x 0 n until ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e conv5$ ! ,c\ncil ( ,nica 9 ,a4,d4 #cbe t ! spread comm5c$ to em]ge f insignificance4 ,ev5 !n ! adhesion to ! new ,fai? 0 = a long p]iod ( a purely nom9al "*1 ! unwill+ conv]ts rema9+1 to all int5ts1 pagans aft] !y 7 baptis$4 ,! spread ( ,*ri/ianity 0 = a long "t conf9$ to cosmopolitan trad+ t[ns only1 ! villag]s rema9+ pagans--h5ce ! "n4 7,mutatis mut&is1 x is ! villag]s :o are n[ ! la/ to be t\*$ by ! spread ( paganism47 ,:at 7 ! ,provid5tial me?ods ( conv]sion8 ,! prevail+ ignorance & sup]/ition 7 tak5 advantage ( by ! propagators ( ! ,gospel & frauds freely p]petrat$1 :ile edicts ( tol]ation remov$ ! temporal disadvantages :i* _h hi!rto ret>d$ ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity4 #bei ,aft] ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e _h be5 conv]t$1 ! cities :i* signalis$ a =w>d zeal1 by ! volunt>y de/ruction ( _! temples1 7 di/+ui%$ by municipal privileges1 & rew>d$ ) popul> donations4 #bfj ,:5 ^! measures fail$1 ,*ur* & ,/ate _h rec\rse to p]secution1 q z cruel z1 & on a scale t f> exce$$1 ! p]secution ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians by ! hea!n4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,emp]or ,!odosius1 at ! sugge/ion ( ! ecclesia/ics :o gov]n$ 8 consci5ce1 promulgat$1 9 ! space ( fifte5 ye>s 7,a4,d4 #chj-cid71 at lea/ fifte5 sev]e edicts aga9/ ! h]etics1 m especially aga9/ ^? :o reject$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 #bfa ,buddhism1 on ! contr>y1 unlike ,*ri/ianity & ,mohamm$anism1 0 promulgat$ )\t p]secution or religi\s w>s1 & spread f> m rapidly ?an ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 8 apologetic "w1 ,anti-,!i/ic ,!ories1 ,dr4 ,fl9t ref]s to ,buddhism ?us3 ,! v m>vell\s sy/em ( ?\ght call$ ,buddhism1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ,india ab\t #ejj ye>s ,b4,c41 has spread ov] a great] area ( ! e>? & ga9$ m adh]5ts ?an ev5 ,*ri/ianity1 & by peaceful means--by ! p[] ( p]suasion--n by ! =ce ( arms1 n by p]secution4 ,:y did ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e embrace ,*ri/ianity8 ,0 x n ma9ly because he believ$ t x _h a p[] to wipe away 8 own he9\s crimes8 #bfb ,ev5 8 old age 0 disgrac$ by ! opposite1 yet reconcilable1 vices ( rapaci\sness & prodigality4 #bfc ,al?\gh he ackn[l$g$ ! ,fai?1 he put (f 8 baptism till he 0 on 8 dea?-b$1 9 ord] t he might cont9ue to lead a wick$ life z long z possible4 #bfd ,z an in/rum5t = spread+ ,god's ^w he is ev5 worse ?an t royal adult]] & murd]] :om we are ask$ to look ^u z a prototype ( ,*ri/ & ,8 prime ance/or4 ,on all ^! matt]s ( hi/ory ! le>n$ ,bi%op ,we/cott is sil5t1 al?\gh1 z examples ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 !y w\ld appe> suffici5tly rem>kable4 ,le/ ,gibbon's te/imony be deem$ untru/wor?y on acc\nt ( 8 anti-,*ri/ian bias1 ! foll[+ extract f a prize essay 9 ,*ri/ian apologetics may be not$4 ,n only does x be> out "s ( ! hi/orian's /atem5ts conc]n+ ! causes ( ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 b x discloses ! significant fact t ! cl]gy increas$ _! p[] & influ5ce by work+ ^u ! emotions ( weal?y wom51 & t 4s4d4 & its female contributors 7 !n1 z n[1 a s9e qua non4 #bfe--,n9e ye>s aft] ! conv]sion ( ,con/ant9e to ! ,*ri/ian fai? he promulgat$ t great edict :i*1 m ?an any o!r enactm5t1 may be said to h la9 at ! f\ndation ( cl]ical p[] dur+ ! ensu+ c5turies1 & reliev$ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* f t re/riction "u :i*1 9 common ) ! ,jews1 !y _h s long lab\r$--! incapacity ( pr(it+ by ! te/am5t>y lib]ality ( _! weal?y proselytes4 ,to conv9ce u ( ! abundance 9 :i* ! /ream ( weal? fl[$ into ! newly op5$ *annel1 & ( ! influ5ce obta9$ by ! cl]gy1 9 ^? days z 9 ! pres5t1 ov] ! piety & pliability ( ! weak] sex1 m especially at ,rome1 we possess n only ! te/imony ( a ,pagan hi/orian1 #bff b ! less suspici\s evid5ce ( an edict publi%$ by ! ,emp]or ,val5t9ian #bfg fifty ye>s aft] t ( ,con/ant9e1 address$ to ,damasus1 ,bi%op ( t city1 & impos+ a limit to ! extravagant donations ( females4 ,! cl]gy1 moreov]1 might look = an increase ( worldly sub/ance n only f ! prosp]ity ( _! fri5ds1 b f ! d[nfall ( _! enemies2 = ! ,!odosian code conta9s a s]ies ( /r+5t enactm5ts by ! ,emp]or ,honorius1 #bfh 9 t]ms ( :i* n only ! des]t$ temples ( ,paganism1 b ev5 ! meet+-h\ses & possessions ( ,donati/s1 ,mani*an1 & o!r h]etical corporations1 7 made ov] to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 #bfi ,!re 0 yet ano!r1 & possibly ! *ief1 cause = ! ultimate spread ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ! *apt] on comp>ative my?ology ,i h describ$ & comm5t$ ^u ! v>i\s rationali/ic !ories conc]n+ ! orig9s ( ,*ri/ian beliefs & c]emonies4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,mi?raism spread j z mu*1 or m1 until ,*ri/ianity obta9$ ! necess>y political p[] to suppress x4 ,n only f ^! anti-,*ri/ian !ories1 b also f ! admissions ( apologi/s conc]n+ !m1 x appe>s t ,*ri/ianity ga9$ gr\nd1 n s mu* because !re 0 some?+ new ei!r 9 its dogma or 9 its promise1 b r because ^! 7 s closely p>allel$ 9 _m pagan cults4 ,let u take1 = example1 ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,egyptians :o embrac$ ,*ri/ianity f\nd t ! moral sy/em ( ! old cult & t ( ! new religion 7 s simil>1 & ! promises ( resurrection & immortality 9 ea* s alike1 t !y transf]r$ _! allegiance f ,osiris to ,jesus ( ,naz>e? )\t difficulty4 ,moreov]1 ,isis & ! *ild ,horus 7 /raightway id5tifi$ ) ,m>y ! ,virg9 & h] ,son4 #bgj ,! k ( ! anci5t ,egyptian religion :i* we n[ possess fully ju/ifies ! ass]tion t ! rapid gr[? & progress ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,egypt 7 due ma9ly to ! fact t ! new religion1 :i* 0 prea*$ !re by ,/4 ,m>k & 8 imm$iate foll[]s1 9 all its ess5tials s closely resembl$ t :i* 0 ! outcome ( ,osiris1 ,isis1 & ,horus t popul> opposition 0 entirely dis>m$4 #bga ,we h1 !n1 "h "o ( ! ma9 factors 9 ! gr[? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i _c f9d t ,bi%op ,we/cott recognises ?is z a "p ( ! prep>ation 9 :i* ! h& ( ,god c be trac$2 b advanc$ apologi/s v l>gely d s n[1 & h5ce ! preci\s !ory ( progressive revelation4 ,we may n[ pass on to ano!r v popul> argum5t4 #e4 ,! ,noble ,army ( ,m>tyrs4 ,my allusions to religi\s p]secutions may rem9d "s ( my read]s ( ! exp]i5ces ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 & ( ! witness to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity furni%$ by ! noble army ( m>tyrs2 & !y may say3 ,admitt+ t !re be no?+ extraord9>y 9 ! m]e fact ( ,*ri/ianity's spread1 y mu/ all[ t its p[] ov] m5's m9ds is little1 if at all1 %ort ( miracul\s4 ,m5 c\ld n h giv5 _! lives = a falsehood4 ,?is argum5t w n be> ! slighte/ scrut9y4 ,/eadfa/ness "u p]secution says mu* = ! s9c]ity1 & /ill m = ! t5acity1 ( ! believ]1 b v little = ! objective tru? ( t :i* he believes4 #bgb ,suppos+ ! noble army 7 a hi/orical fact1 ! argum5t bas$ ^u x w\ld be adequately met by po9t+ to ! la/ ,ghazi :o ran amok 9 ! hope ( a spe$y deliv]y f a dirty & ugly sp\se on e>?1 & ( reap+ ! rew>d ( a clean & lovely h\ri 9 heav54 ,b ! noble army is n altoge!r a hi/orical fact4 ,! tru? is t m>tyr-mak+ became an ecclesia/ical indu/ry4 ,! hi/orian ,gibbon e/imates t at mo/ ab\t two ?\s& ,*ri/ians fell 9 ! ,diocletian p]secution--:i* 0 ! only g5]al p]secution--& ?is e/imate is n[ commonly accept$4 ,s9ce1 says ,gibbon1 x _c be d\bt$ t ! ,*ri/ians 7 m num]\s1 & _! enemies m exasp]at$1 9 ! "t ( ,diocletian ?an !y _h ev] be5 9 any =m] p]secution1 ?is probable & mod]ate computation may tea* u to e/imate ! numb] ( primitive sa9ts & m>tyrs :o sacrific$ _! lives = ! important purpose ( introduc+ ,*ri/ianity into ! _w4 #bgc ,comp>e ^! figures ) ! numb]s :o h suff]$ dea? 9 mod]n times = ! sake ( introduc+ a non-,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! ,bab ,abbas ,eff5di suff]$ m>tyrdom = 8 zeal 9 #ahej1 & betwe5 t date & n[ ! mo/ cons]vative op9ion on ! ,babi m>tyrdoms puts !m at t5 ?\s&4 7,n4,b4--,no hopes ( weal? & hon\rs1 no imp]ial edicts1 h assi/$ ! really rem>kable spread ( ,babism47 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a consid]able portion ( ! hi/ory ( man is a hi/ory ( 8 m>tyrdom4 ,our own prosp]ity is f\nd$ on ! agonies ( ! pa/4 #bgd ,if religi\s ladies c\ld sp>e ! "t 7f ! absorb+ occupation ( read+ ! v late/ works ( fiction or ! lives ( ! gr&es am\reuses7 to read ,w9wood ,reade's ,m>tyrdom ( ,man1 a book none ! less int]e/+ because x treats ( hi/orical facts1 !y w\ld beg9 to realise t m>tyrs are n a ,*ri/ian monopoly4 #f4 ,! ,univ]sality ( ! ,religi\s ,in/9ct4 ,,! ,,hypo!sis ,,/at$4 ,! fact t a l>ge proportion ( ! human race1 includ+ "s ( ! greate/ #bge 9 ?\ght & action1 cont9ue1 or appe> to cont9ue1 to believe 9 ,god & immortality1 is consid]$ by _m to furni% ! be/ pro( = ! tru? ( ! belief4 ,! ,*ur* naturally enc\rages ?is op9ion1 & proce$s to /r5g!n x fur!r by ass]t+ t ! religi\s in/9ct is1 & always has be51 univ]sal4 ,?is ass]tion mu/ n[ be exam9$1 &1 to avoid any misconceptions1 x w be advisable 9 ! fir/ place to h "s specim5s ( x be=e u4 ,canon ,liddon in=ms u t man is ev] feel+ aft] ,god1 & t ! ?\ght ( ,god is always lat5t 9 ! m9d ( man4 ,cic]o's /atem5t t !re is no nation s b>b>\s & wild z n to h believ$ 9 "s div9ity is /ill1 not)/&+ c]ta9 app>5t exceptions1 true4 ,a nation ( pure ,a!i/s has yet to be discov]$4 #bgf ,dr4 ,fl9t devotes ! sev5? ( 8 ,lectures on ,anti-,!i/ic !ories to ! discussion ( ! "q1 ,are !re tribes ( ,a!i/s8 & he comes to ! conclusion t an imp>tial exam9ation ( ! relevant facts %[s t religion is virtually univ]sal4 #bgg ,! ,bi%op ( ,london is ( op9ion t man is a pray+ animal4 ,he always has pray$ ?r\gh\t 8 hi/ory4 ,x is a human in/9ct4 ,?is in/9ct ( pray] po9ts to ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 #bgh ,dr4 ,w>s*au] affirms t ! spiritual faculty--a consci\sness ( ! exi/5ce ( spiritual realities1 ( a _w beyond ! s5ses--con/itutes a univ]sal human end[m5t4 #bgi ,bi%op ,diggle bids u rememb] t human nature is in]adicably religi\s4 #bhj ,,! ,,rationali/',s ,,cont5tion4 ,! ,rationali/ asks3 ,:at gr\nds h we = assum+ t ! exi/5ce ( religi\s belief po9ts to ! exi/5ce ( a religi\s in/9ct8 ,is n a man's religion det]m9$ by ! geographical accid5t ( 8 bir?8 ,has n 8 religion to be dilig5tly in/ill$ into him f ! cradle8 ,h[1 !n1 c x be said t man is by nature religi\s8 ,h[ c x be said t ! crav+ = a deity is in/9ctive8 ,to ?is ! ,*ri/ian apologi/ may reply t1 h[ev] mu* ! precise =m ( ! religi\s belief may be due to education1 no belief ( any k9d c\ld be eng5d]$ )\t a pr$isposition to accept x4 ,h we n se51 h[ev]1 t primitive beliefs 7 ! natural (fspr+ ( fe> & wond]8 ,inability to acc\nt = ph5om5a1 ignorance ( ! laws ( nature1 & ^? abnormal psy*ical exp]i5ces conc]n+ :i* sci5ce has b n[ comm5c$ to furni% natural explanations1 all comb9$ to turn primitive m5 into /aun* sup]naturali/s4 ,= ! same reasons1 *ildr5 9 ye>s z well z *ildr5 9 k h always be5 pr$ispos$ to belief 9 ! sup]natural4 ,?is pr$isposition 7x c h>dly be call$ an in/9ct7 may be univ]sal1 b x does n lead necess>ily to belief 9 a deity4 ,= t !re mu/ be education4 ,if x be an in/9ct1 x is n a religi\s in/9ct1 al?\gh a soil em95tly suitable = ! s[+ ( sup]natural dogmas4 ,admitt+1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ! orig9 ( religi\s beliefs & ! process by :i* ance/ral beliefs h be5 assimilat$ c be left out ( consid]ation--9 o!r words1 t ! e?nologi/'s !ories ( ! evolution ( ! idea ( ,god & ! educational factor may be disreg>d$--! supposition t !re is a univ]sal religi\s in/9ct mu/ be rel9qui%$ if1 z ! ,rationali/ cont5ds1 religi\s belief itself is n univ]sal4 ,is su* a cont5tion w>rant$ by ackn[l$g$ facts8 ,into ?is we %all n[ inquire4 ,,! ,,apologi/',s ,,views ,,conc]n+ ,,sup]/ition ,,& ,,! ,,religi\s ,,in/9ct4 ,at ! outset ( ! inquiry we at once exp]i5ce a difficulty4 ,x is n at all cle> :at ! apologi/ includes "u ! category ( religi\s beliefs4 ,if x be tak5 z an axiom t ! grosse/ sup]/ition1 ! m]e belief 9 ! sup]natural1 is ! g]m ( a religi\s belief1 & !re=e t all ignorant or sup]/iti\s p]sons h ! religi\s in/9ct1 !n ! proposition w be true = practically ! :ole ( mank9d 9 ! remote pa/1 & = a v l>ge proportion 9 ! pres5t4 ,:e!r x be primeval man :o frequ5tly believ$ only 9 magic1 usually 9 devils1 & r>ely 9 div9ities1 or :e!r x be ! tw5tie?-c5tury lady ( fa%ion :o we>s a :ite elephant amulet to br+ h] luck at ,bridge1 bo? are imbu$ ) ! religi\s in/9ct4 ,! absurdity ( ! supposition is fully app>5t if we only c>ry x f> en\gh4 ,x is by no means easy to und]/& :]e ! apologi/ draws ! l9e4 ,he may n say s1 b 8 cont5tion really does seem to po9t to ! absurdity t almo/ any crude sup]/ition spr+s f a div9e sp>k4 ,! neo-apologi/1 h[ev]1 w d well to reflect t ! e/abli%m5t ( any connection betwe5 sup]/ition & religion only plays into ! h&s ( ! ,rationali/1 :o ma9ta9s t !re is c]ta9ly ! close/ connection betwe5 ! two4 ,i am compell$ to ent] into ^! details1 =1 among ! facts :i* ,i am ab\t to br+ =w>d 9 contradiction ( ! ass]tion ( univ]sality1 "s relate to in/ances ( pure sup]/itions :i* might nev]!less be con/ru$ into signs ( ! religi\s in/9ct4 ,if ! apologi/ does n g q s f> z ?is1 my task w be r5d]$ mu* easi]4 ,p]haps1 z ,dr4 ,fl9t is recognis$ z "o ( ! mo/ em95t ( ! ,*ri/ian apologi/s1 ! conclusions to :i* he comes w repres5t ! unspok5 op9ion ( o!rs4 ,he says t1 if savage tribes h "s sort ( sup]/iti\s belief1 x w\ld only be 9 accord ) mod]n !ories reg>d+ ! evolution ( ! idea ( ,god4444 ,! pres5ce ( false religion is z good evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( religion z ! pres5ce ( true religion4444 ,p]haps1 if we may say t religion is man's belief 9 a be+ or be+s mighti] ?an himself & inaccessible to 8 s5ses1 b n indiff]5t to 8 s5tim5t & actions1 ) ! feel+s & practices :i* fl[ f su* belief1 we h a def9ition ( ! k9d requir$1 "o exclud+ no?+ :i* c be call$ religion1 & includ+ no?+ :i* is only p>tially pres5t 9 religion4 #bha ,?is def9ition w\ld n1 "o may presume1 include m]e belief 9 magic1 b might be tak5 to include a man's belief 9 devils4 ,z !re are _m :o w\ld n agree t devil-wor%ip & ! l c h any connection ) god-wor%ip1 ,i %all foll[ ! e?nologi/ 9 cit+ examples ( ! abs5ce ( god-wor%ip z evid5ce ( ! abs5ce ( ! religi\s in/9ct2 b ,i %all also give examples 9 :i* !re is no appe>ance ( wor%ip ei!r ( god or devil4 ,^! w *iefly be drawn f pres5t-day beliefs & cu/oms1 because n[1 if ev]1 ! cont5tion ( ! religioni/ %\ld hold good1 & also because x has be5 incid5tally exam9$ ) ref]5ce to anci5t beliefs 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,,beliefs ,,( ,,savage ,,man4 ,among ! conclud+ rem>ks ( ,d>w9's ,desc5t ( ,man we read3 ,! belief 9 ,god has (t5 be5 advanc$ z n only ! greate/1 b ! mo/ complete1 ( all ! di/9ctions betwe5 man & ! l[] animals4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 impossible1 z we h se51 to ma9ta9 t ?is belief is innate or in/9ctive 9 man4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a belief 9 all-p]vad+ spiritual ag5cies seems to be univ]sal1 & app>5tly foll[s f a consid]able advance 9 ! reason+ p[]s ( man1 & f a /ill great] advance 9 8 faculties ( imag9ation1 curiosity1 & wond]4 ,i am aw>e t ! assum$ in/9ctive belief 9 ,god has be5 us$ by _m p]sons z an argum5t = ,8 exi/5ce2 b ?is is a ra% argum5t1 z we %\ld ?us be compell$ to believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( _m cruel & malignant spirits1 possess+ only a little m p[] ?an man2 = ! belief 9 !m is f> m g5]al ?an ! belief 9 a b5efic5t ,deity4 #bhb ,aga91 9 ,huxley's essay on ,! ,evolution ( ,!ology we read3 ,9 its simple/ condition1 su* z may be met ) among ! ,au/ralian savages1 !ology is a m]e belief 9 ! exi/5ce1 p[]s1 & disposition 7usually malignant7 ( gho/-l entities :o may be propitiat$ or sc>$ away2 b no cult c prop]ly be said to exi/4 ,& 9 ?is /age !ology is :olly indep5d5t ( e?ics4 ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 n[ ,"l ,avebury1 /ates ! argum5t aga9/ ! univ]sality ( religion 9 8 ,prehi/oric ,times4 ,he asks3 ,h[ c a p :o are unable to c\nt _! own f+]s possibly raise _! m9ds s f> z to admit ev5 ! rudim5ts ( religion8 ,& he sums up 8 obs]vations on v>i\s tribes by say+3 ,inde$1 ! fir/ idea ( ,god is almo/ always an evil _s4 #bhc ,! idea t ! nor!rn tribes ( ,am]ica v5]at$ "o supreme & all-p[]ful 'great _s1' by :om man & ! _w 7 creat$1 is bas$ on errone\s int]pretation2 ,wak&a ( ! ,dakotas1 & ,manito ( ! ,algonqu9s1 9 no wise com+ "u su* a designation4 #bhd ,^! t]ms1 writes ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,mc,gee1 _c ju/ly be r5d]$ into ,_s1 mu* less into ,great ,_s4 #bhe ,_! religion1 writes ano!r well-kn[n e?nologi/1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,mooney1 is zoo!ism1 or animal-wor%ip1 ) ! survival ( a /ill e>li] /age1 :i* includ$ ! wor%ip ( all tangible objects1 comb9$ ) ! beg9n+s ( a high] sy/em 9 :i* ! elem5ts & ! great p[]s ( nature are deifi$4 #bhf ,zoo!ism1 ! religion t has surviv$1 does n embrace a belief 9 a ,mighti] ,be+1 nor does ?is det]ioration 9 religion suit ! !ory ( a progressive revelation4 ,we may also note t ! belief ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican 9 wit*craft has l$ to t]rible slaught]1 human life be+ sacrific$ on an enorm\s & frightful scale4 ,&rew ,lang 79 ! ?ird *apt] ( 8 book1 ,magic & ,religion7 in/ances ,au/ralian tribes1 & says3 ,nobody dreams ( propitiat+ gods or spirits by pray] comp>e ,bi%op ,+ram's /atem5t t man is a pray+ animal6 :ile magic is univ]sally practis$4 ,!re is1 z ,mr4 ,lang obs]ves1 no room = a ,god1 nor = an idea ( a future life1 except ! life ( successive re-inc>nations4 ,i d n ?9k1 writes #bhg ,pr(essor ,baldw9 ,sp5c]1 t !re is really any direct evid5ce ( any ,au/ralian native belief 9 a ',supreme ,be+' 9 our s5se ( ! t]m4 ,simil>ly among ! ,fuegians 7ano!r ( ! l[e/ races ( mank9d7 almo/ e old man is a magician1 :o is suppos$ to h ! p[] ( life & dea?1 & to be able to control ! wea!r4 ,b ! memb]s ( ! ,fr5* sci5tific exp$ition to ,cape ,horn c\ld detect no?+ wor?y ( ! "n ( religion among ^! savages4 #bhh ,"h1 !n1 ev5 if we adopt ,dr4 ,fl9t's broad def9ition1 we surely h examples ( ! abs5ce ( ! religi\s in/9ct4 ,!re is a fundam5tal di/9ction1 & ev5 opposition ( pr9ciple1 betwe5 magic & religion1 z we %all see by a /udy ( ! op9ions ( ^? be/ qualifi$ to (f] !m4 ,,magic ,,& ,,religion4 ,:]ev] sympa!tic magic occurs1 says ,dr4 ,fraz]1 9 its pure unadult]at$ =m1 x assumes t 9 nature "o ev5t foll[s ano!r necess>ily & inv>iably )\t ! int]v5tion ( any spiritual or p]sonal ag5cy #bhi 7! italics are m9e74 ,! magician supplicates no high] p[]2 he sues ! fav\r ( no fickle & wayw>d be+2 he abases himself be=e no awful deity4 #bij ,i h1 says ,dr4 ,fraz]1 #bia come to agree ) ,sir ,a4 ,c4 ,lyall & ,mr4 ,f4 ,b4 ,jevons 9 recognis+ a fundam5tal di/9ction1 & ev5 opposition1 ( pr9ciple betwe5 magic & religion4 ,?is op9ion mu/ be %>$ by e unbiass$ m9d1 & x is curi\s1 & n )\t importance1 to obs]ve1 ) ,dr4 ,fraz]1 t ! fundam5tal conception ( sympa!tic magic is id5tical ) t ( mod]n sci5ce4 #bib ,und]ly+ ! :ole sy/em is a fai?--implicit1 b real & firm--9 ! ord] & uni=mity ( nature4 #bic ,! belief 9 ! efficacy ( magic1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 is exce$+ly widespread1 ev5 at ! pres5t "t4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,haddon #bid 7cit+ ,dr4 ,jevons71 f\r-fif?s ( mank9d1 probably1 believe 9 sympa!tic magic4 ,dr4 ,fraz]1 too1 rem9ds u t among ! ignorant & sup]/iti\s classes ( mod]n ,europe x is v mu* :at x 0 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago 9 ,egypt & ,india1 & :at x n[ is among ! l[e/ savages surviv+ 9 ! remote/ corn]s ( ! _w4 ,if ! te/ ( tru?1 exclaims ,dr4 ,fraz]1 lay 9 a %[ ( h&s or a c\nt+ ( heads1 ! sy/em ( magic might appeal1 ) f> m reason ?an ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 to ! pr\d motto1 ',quod semp]1 quod ubique1 quod ab omnibus1' z ! sure & c]ta9 cr$5tial ( its own infallibility4 #bie ,n only is !re an opposition ( pr9ciple betwe5 magic & religion1 n only is belief 9 ! =m] a univ]sal fai?1 a truly ca?olic cre$1 b x is n[ g5]ally recognis$ by e?nologi/s t 9 ! evolution ( ?\ght1 magic1 z repres5t+ a l[] intellectual /ratum1 has z 'has be5 pla9ly sugge/$1 if n def9itely =mulat$1 by ,pr(essor ,h4 ,old5b]g 9 8 able book1 ,die ,religion des ,v$a' probably ev]y:]e prec$$ religion4 #bif ,! popul> notion t ! religi\s in/9ct is univ]sal is p]haps natural en\gh1 b x is n borne out by ^! significant facts & conclusions4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be f> m correct to say t an in/9ct1 ! v anti!sis ( :at ! ,*ur* w\ld mean by ! religi\s in/9ct1 0 at "o "t1 & ev5 n[ is1 well-nigh univ]sal4 ,,religion ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,*9a4 ,s f> we h se5 t ! oppon5ts ( ! ,univ]sal !ory presume 9 _! argum5t t devil-wor%ip has no relation to true god-wor%ip1 & we may note t x nev] ev5 ent]$ ! heads ( su* m5 z ,d>w9 & ,lubbock t x w\ld ev] be held t ^! are ess5tially id5tical4 ,nor is ?is peculi> op9ion held by cl]ics :o h /udi$ devil-wor%ip on ! spot4 ,?us ! ,rev4 ,ar?ur ,h4 ,smi?1 ,d4,d41 tw5ty-two ye>s a mission>y 9 ,*9a1 describes #big ! fe> ( gobl9s & devils :i* figures s l>gely 9 ,taoism2 b1 f> f sugge/+ ! pres5ce ( ! religi\s in/9ct1 he lam5ts its total abs5ce4 ,among 8 _m p]t95t obs]vations ,i comm5d ! foll[+ to ! s]i\s consid]ation ( ^? :o believe 9 a univ]sal religi\s in/9ct & 9 a progressive revelation3 ,if ! ,*9ese ev] did recognise ! true ,god1 t k has c]ta9ly be5 mo/ effectually lo/1 l an inscription on an anci5t co9 n[ cov]$ ) ! accumulat$ ru/ ( mill5niums4 #bih444 ,sir ,?omas ,wade1 ^: long famili>ity ) ,*9a & ! ,*9ese might be suppos$ to entitle him to speak ) au?ority on s pla9 a "q z :e!r ! ,*9ese h or h n a religion1 has rec5tly publi%$ 8 op9ion z foll[s3 ',if religion is held to mean m ?an m]e e?ics1 ,i d5y t ! ,*9ese h a religion4' #bii ,speak+ ( ,*9ese nature-wor%ip1 ,dr4 ,smi? says3 ,no pray] is utt]$4444 ,:at is x t at su* times ! p wor%ip8 ,sometimes !y affirm t ! object ( wor%ip is heav5 & e>?4 ,sometimes !y say t x is heav51 & aga9 !y call x '! old man ( ! sky4' ,! latt] t]m (t5 leads to an impression t ! ,*9ese d h a real p]ception ( a p]sonal ,deity4 ,b :5 x is asc]ta9$ t ?is suppos$ p]son is frequ5tly mat*$ by ano!r call$ 'gr&mo!r e>?1' ! value ( ! inf]5ce is op5 to s]i\s "q4 #cjj ,z to !re be+ no su* ?+ z an a!i/ic p1 are we to take no acc\nt ( ! cultur$ classes8 ,m>k ! foll[+3 ,! poly!ism & pan!ism ( ! l[] classes ( ,*9ese are mat*$ 9 ! upp] classes by :at appe>s to be pure a!ism4444 ,!re nev] 0 on ?is e>? a body ( educat$ & cultur$ m5 s ?or\ghly agno/ic & a!i/ic z ! mass ( ,confucian s*ol>s4 #cja444 ,its absolute indiff]5ce to ! pr(\nde/ spiritual tru?s 9 ! nature ( man is ! mo/ melan*oly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*9ese m9d--its ready acceptance ( a body )\t a s\l1 ( a s\l )\t a _s1 ( a _s )\t life1 ( a cosmos )\t a cause1 a univ]se )\t a ,god4 #cjb ,allud+ to ! mixture ( ,confucianism ) ,taoism & ,buddhism1 he rem>ks3 ,any k9d ( a div9ity :i* seems adapt$ to ex]t a fav\rable influ5ce 9 any giv5 direction w be patronis$1 j z a man :o happ5s to ne$ a new umbrella goes to "s %op :]e !y keep su* goods = sale4 ,to inquire into ! antec$5ts ( ! div9ity :o is ?us wor%ipp$ no m occurs to a ,*9ese ?an x w\ld occur to an ,engli%man :o want$ ! umbrella to satisfy himself z to ! orig9 ( umbrellas1 & :5 !y fir/ came into g5]al use4444 ,! ,*9aman has c>ri$ 'intellectual hospitality' to ! po9t ( logical suicide1 b he does n "k x1 & _c be made to und]/& x :5 he is told4 #cjc ,?ree que/ions sugge/ !mselves4 ,if ! pi\s lady :o contributes t[>ds mission "w 9 ,*9a only knew ( ?is1 w\ld %e be pleas$8 #cjd ,are !re n _m ,engli% p /rangely l ! ,*9ese 9 an umbrella-patronage ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,f9ally1 does n ! mod]n apologi/ 7) 8 !ory ( ,progressive ,revelation & 8 idea t ,*ri/ianity has yet mu* to le>n f1 & w be improv$ by contact )1 ! fai?s ( ! ,ea/7 c>ry intellectual hospitality to ! po9t ( logical suicide8 ,! advice ( ,confucius 0 to rev]5ce ! gods z if !y exi/$1 #cje b 9 any case to keep !m at a di/ance1 & h z little to d ) !m z possible2 & 8 advice has be5 foll[$4 ,dr4 ,smi? tells u t ! popul> in/9ct has tak5 at its true value ! unc]ta9ty convey$ 9 ! words z if1 & has embodi$ !m 9 curr5t say+s :i* accurately express ! /ate ( m9d ( ! mass ( ! p4 ,?us3-- ,call on ! gods z if !y came2 ,b1 if y don't1 x's all ! same4 ,& aga93-- ,wor%ip ! gods z if ! gods 7 !re2 ,b1 if y wor%ip n1 ! gods don't c>e4 #cjf ,! abs5ce ( ! in/9ct ( rev]5ce may be judg$ by ! foll[+ episode relat$ by ,dr4 ,smi?3 ,a ,di/rict ,magi/rate tri$ a case :i* involv$ a prie/1 &1 by implication1 ! ,buddha :i* 0 ! occupant ( ! temple4 ,?is god 0 summon$ to appe> be=e ! magi/rate & told to kneel1 :i* he fail$ to d1 :]eupon ! magi/rate ord]$ him to be giv5 five hundr$ bl[s1 by :i* "t ! god 0 r$uc$ to a heap ( du/1 & judgm5t 0 pron\nc$ aga9/ him by default4 #cjg 7,( _! mann] ( treat+ devils ,i _h1 n long ago1 a p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,/&+ on ! quay at ,%anghai1 ,i 0 deaf5$ by ! bang1 bang1 bang ( e>-splitt+ bombs explod$ by a cr[d ( ,*9am54 ,h[ev] crude _! me?od1 _! int5tions 7 excell5t4 ,!y wi%$ to sc>e away ! devils :o might h elect$ to accompany _! fri5ds on ! voyage to ,engl&47 ,f9ally1 z a comm5t>y on ! (t-repeat$ ass]tion t ! great diff]5ce betwe5 ! sacr$ books ( ! ,ea/ & ( ! ,bible is ! l[ plane ( morality 9 ! =m]1 ! foll[+ words quot$ by ,dr4 ,smi? are ( consid]able int]e/3 ,no p1 says ,mr4 ,mead[s1 :e!r ( anci5t or mod]n times1 has possess$ a sacr$ lit]ature s completely exempt z ! ,*9ese f lic5ti\s descriptions1 & f e (f5sive expression4 ,!re is n a s+le s5t5ce 9 ! :ole ( ! ,sacr$ ,books & _! annotations t may n be read al\d 9 any family circle 9 ,engl&4 #cjh ,c ?is be said ( our ,bible8 ,,apo/ates ,,9 ,,*ri/5dom4 ,if ,i h giv5 ! religi\s attitude ( ! mod]n ,*9ese ! l>ge/ %>e ( att5tion1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t !y f> outnumb] any o!r nation 9 ! _w4 ,also ,i ?9k ! fallacies reg>d+ ! religi\s in/9ct w p]haps /& out m cle>ly if we consid] ! pres5t tw5tie? c5tury1 in/ead ( mill5niums ,b4,c4 ,i h said no?+ z yet ( ! apo/ates 9 ,*ri/5dom--! ,d>w9s1 ! ,huxleys1 & ! ,sp5c]s--:o decl>e t !y are )\t ! religi\s in/9ct4 ,we mu/ consid] !m rul$ out ( c\rt1 = are we n told #cji t !re are m5 ) faculties ( insight am\nt+ to g5ius 9 o!r regions ( m5tal activity :o h nev] develop$ ! spiritual faculty1 & are ?us deb>r$ ! privileges ( spiritual g5iuses--g5iuses 9 ! region 9 :i* man holds communion ) ,god8 ,lately mu* capital has be5 made out ( ! foll[+ /atem5t appe>+ 9 ,d>w9's ,autobiography3 ,up to ! age ( ?irty or beyond x1 poetry su* z ,milton1 ,byron1 ,wordswor?1 etc41 gave me great delight4 ,b n[ = _m ye>s ,i _c endure to read a l9e ( poetry4 ,i h lo/ my ta/e = pictures & music4 ,my m9d seems to h become a k9d ( ma*9e = gr9d+ g5]al laws out ( l>ge collections ( facts4 ,?is loss ( c]ta9 ta/es indicat$--s ! pulpit w\ld h ! pew suppose--t t portion ( ,d>w9's m9d :i* 0 compet5t to und]/& spiritual ?+s _h atrophi$4 ,does ,god reveal ,himself1 !n1 only or especially to ! /hetic8 ,! arti/--& "h ,i include ! poet1 pa9t]1 sculptor1 musician1 arti/ic noveli/1 & also ! man :o has creat$ no?+1 b :o has ! arti/ic temp]am5t--w1 if he has a religion1 h "o ( a sort h>monis+ ) 8 arti/ s\l4 ,x mu/ be a religion :i* all[s scope = ! cultivation ( ! beautiful1 )\t be+ necess>ily too closely associat$ ) a rigid code ( e?ics4 ,is ! /hetic m9d always p]fectly balanc$8 ,h[ does x comp>e on an av]age ) t ( ! moral philosoph] guid+ 8 life by ! light ( reason & liv+ up to ! /&>d ( 8 pr(essions8 ,d>w9 has assi/$ 9 e/abli%+ a great tru? conc]n+ ! developm5t ( ! _w4 ,he has be51 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian evolutioni/1 ! *os5 in/rum5t = a fre% revelation ( ,god's maje/y4 ,yet1 9 spiritual end[m5ts1 e pi\s ,*ri/ian1 h[ev] ignorant & un9tellectual1 ranks be=e him6 ,/range1 pass+ /range4 ,! v qualifications necess>y = accompli%+ ,god's purpose deb>r$ ,d>w9 f fell[%ip ) ,him6 ,= su* an argum5t to be wor? a mom5t's consid]ation x %\ld at lea/ apply g5]ally4 ,?is x mo/ di/9ctly does n4 ,prea*]s1 :o f9d ,d>w9's c&id rem>k ab\t himself a conv5i5t "o ^u :i* to base a homily1 h neglect$ to acqua9t !mselves ) ! /atem5ts ( o!r agno/ic sci5ti/s--( ,huxley1 = in/ance4 ,i h yet1 he decl>$1 to meet ) any =m ( art 9 :i* x has n be5 possible = me to take z acute a pleasure z1 ,i believe1 x is possible = m5 to take4 #caj ,,religion ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,japan4 ,at ! risk ( increas+ ! citation ( examples ad nauseam1 ,i _c omit a pass+ ref]5ce to ! ,japanese4 ,i %all res]ve = ! la/ *apt] my rem>ks on ! ph5om5on ( _! non-!ological moral tra9+1 & conf9e myself to ! pres5t condition ( _! fai? z giv5 by a cl]gyman1 ! ,rev4 ,h]b]t ,moore1 :o 0 = "s ye>s a mission>y 9 ,japan4 ,mr4 ,moore tells u3 ,we are all ,%9toi/s to a c]ta9 ext5t1 = ,%9to is ! non-,*ri/ian v]sion ( ! ,communion ( ,sa9ts4 ,& we recognise ! tru? t ,buddhism conta9s :5 we read ,ecclesia/es 9 *ur*4444 ,b ^! old fai?s are fa/ p]i%+ f ! he>ts ( ! ,japanese1 leav+ beh9d !m blank godlessness1 indiff]5ce1 & mat]ialism4444 ,out ( #idb /ud5ts 9 ,tokyo :o rec5tly gave an acc\nt ( _! religi\s position1 #eee decl>$ !mselves unbeliev]s 9 any religion1 #fh 7 ,*ri/ians1 #ah ,%9toi/s1 & mo/ ( ! rema9+ #cai ,buddhi/s4 #caa ,mr4 ,moore1 9 *apt] xiv4 ( 8 book1 quotes a summ>y ( ! situation by ! ,japan ,times1 :i* all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! "q :e!r ,japan is likely to adopt ,*ri/ianity w\ld d well to read4 ,z be>+ on ! p>ticul> po9t we are n[ discuss+1 ! foll[+ may be not$3 ,we _c believe t x ,*ri/ianity w ev] succe$ 9 gett+ a firm hold ^u ! m9ds ( ! educat$ classes4 ,m5 ( ^! classes h = c5turies liv$ & di$ "u a sy/em ( morality :i* inculcates virtue = virtue's sake1 & entirely disp5ses ) sup]natural sanctions ( any sort4444 ,we _c agree ) ^? :o1 l ,mr4 ,toyama & ,mr4 ,fukuzawa1 recomm5d x to _! c\ntrym51 :ile !y !mselves refuse to believe 9 x1 except z a collection ( useful sup]/itions4 #cab ,h[ _m ,toyamas & ,fukuzawas are !re n 9 mod]n ,*ri/5dom8 ,,classical ,,hi/ory4 ,x matt]s n :]e y direct y\r se>*light1 y _c fail to discov] in/ance ^u in/ance confut+ ! pi\s ass]tion ( a univ]sal religi\s in/9ct4 ,take ! case ( ! great ,roman poet & philosoph]1 ,lucretius1 ^: unique poem1 ,de ,r]um ,natura1 has acquir$ a new int]e/ 9 ! pres5t day4 ,he set be=e himself ! task ( f9ally cru%+ t fe> ( ! gods1 & t fe> ( dea? result+ f x1 :i* he reg>d$ z ! s\rce ( all human ills4 ,he d5i$ ! two bases ( all religion 7z we und]/& x7--! doctr9es ( a sup]natural ,gov]nor ( ! _w1 & ( a future life4 ,i w n cont9ue to multiply examples4 ,x is surely cle> t ! religi\s in/9ct is n univ]sal4 ,,note ,,on ,,human ,,s5tim5t ,,z ,,to ,a ,,future ,,life4 ,:at is ! ,rationali/ic explanation ( t ess5ce ( ! religi\s in/9ct1 belief 9 an aft] life8 ,x may1 ,i ?9k1 be summ$ up briefly 9 "s su* words z ^!3 ,! conception ( non-exi/5ce is an ef=t beyond ! p[] ( human intellect4 ,z long z man ?9ks1 8 ego is fully consci\s ( its exi/5ce1 & n able to grasp ! idea ( non-exi/5ce4 ,?us religion is a functional weakness4 #cac ,! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation does ! re/2 x trans=ms ! speculation into an ard5t desire4 ,! !ory ( a cont9u$ exi/5ce aft] dea? is no?+ m ?an a c]ta9 manife/ation ( ! impulse = self-pres]vation1 z ! in/9ct = self-pres]vation itself is no?+ m ?an ! =m "u :i* our vital en]gies1 t h _! seat 9 e cell ( our organism1 manife/ !mselves to our consci\sness4 #cad ,is n ?is a p]fectly natural explanation ( ! crav+ = immortality8 ,?is crav+1 z we h se51 is n univ]sal2 :ile1 9 ,buddhism1 x is assum$ t man ought to /rive = ext9ction4 ,ev5 among ,we/]n nations ! crav+ is n s common z x is g5]ally suppos$ to be1 & z ! ,*ur* confid5tly takes = grant$4 ,9 support ( ?is conclusion1 ,i %\ld m5tion t my read]s w f9d a />tl+ confirmation 9 an article on ,human ,s5tim5t ) reg>d to a ,future ,life1 :i* appe>s 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>* = ,octob]1 #aijd4 ,! article is writt5 by a well-kn[n psy*ologi/1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,s*ill]1 ,fell[ & tutor ( ,corpus ,*ri/i ,college1 ,ox=d1 & au?or ( v>i\s well-kn[n works on ! m9d 7,riddles ( ! ,sph9x1 #ahia2 ,humanism1 #aijc1 etc474 ,he reviews ! results ( a labori\s inquiry by ! ,am]ican bran* ( ! ,s4 ,p4 ,r41 & comes to ! conclusion t ! returns %[ a hi!rto h>dly suspect$ weakness ( ! desire = k ( a future life1 #cae & t1 amid all ! v>i\s ph5om5a ( human psy*ology1 di/ress due to unc]ta9ty ab\t "o's fate aft] dea? seems to be "o ( ! r>e/4 #caf ,mr4 ,s*ill]1 ! apo/le ( ,pr(essor ,w4 ,james 9 ?is c\ntry1 %[s t he himself possesses ! crav+ = an aft] life 9 no ord9>y degree1 & ?is adds all ! m =ce to 8 /atem5t t ! in/9ct is 9 n[ise univ]sal4 ,i1 too1 once _h a crav+ s int5se t hell itself seem$ less awful ?an total annihilation4 ,to ^? :o h built up high hopes _! de/ruction mu/ come z a t]rible %ock--a %ock ev5tually reliev$ by a feel+ ( resignation to ! inevitable4 ,:at we1 z anxi\s p>5ts1 h to ask ourselves is3 ,d we n agree ) ,/4 ,paul :5 he says1 ,if ,*ri/ be n ris51 !n is our prea*+ va91 & y\r fai? is also va92 & are we n aw>e t1 ) ! advance ( k1 ! pres5t widespread disbelief 9 ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/ w become m & m g5]al8 ,ev5 n[ h[ _m disbelieve or pres]ve an agno/icism reg>d+ ! *ief dogmas ( ! ,*ri/ian cre$8 ,h[ _m are sceptical conc]n+ ! cont9uance ( consci\sness aft] dea?8 ,does ei!r sci5ce or common s5se support a belief 9 ! survival ( p]sonality8 ,are we "r1 !n1 9 p]mitt+ our *ildr5's m9ds to be imbu$ ) a sure & c]ta9 hope ( ! resurrection to et]nal life8 ,is x a k9d act to expose our *ildr5 to ! pa9 ( a rude awak5+ by in/ill+ hopes t are de/9$ to be ultimately %att]$8 ,is x a wise act to all[ _! morality to be bas$ ^u f\ndations t are doom$ to de/ruction8 ,x is n z if we 7 =c$ into tell+ fairy /ories because we %r9k f negative tea*+4 ,x is n z if !re 7 no natural inc5tives to "r conduct1 no positive tea*+ possible1 )\t an admixture ( !ological speculations4 ,non-!ological moral in/ruction is n only possible1 b is urg5tly want$ & w be extremely b5eficial4 ,?is w appe> m fully 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,conclusion #a4 ,a ,summ>y4 ,! ho/ile evid5ce appe>s to be ov]:elm+4 ,*ri/ianity _c be true4 ,provid$ t we see ?+s z !y really are1 & n z we wi% !m to be1 we _c b come to ?is conclusion4 ,let me recall to ! read]'s m9d ! m sali5t po9ts4 ,*apt] ,i43 ,! ,situation4--,all ov] ,*ri/5dom a great conflict has comm5c$ betwe5 naturali/s & sup]naturali/s4 ,! real attitude ( ! laity1 & especially ( ! cultur$ portion ( x1 is f> m sceptical ?an ! cl]gy imag9e1 or1 at any rate1 are prep>$ to admit4 ,!y d n realise t agno/ics & semi-believ]s h1 n delib]ately p]haps1 b none ! less really1 jo9$ 9 a conspiracy ( sil5ce1 ei!r on acc\nt ( _! conviction ( ! ne$ = ,*ri/ianity z a re/ra9t dur+ ! preval5ce ( ignorance1 or on acc\nt ( _! reg>d = public & private op9ion & ve/$ int]e/s1 or la/ b n lea/1 on acc\nt ( %e] indiff]5ce4 ,to put x frankly1 ! ,*ur*es h = _! *ief ally n[adays ! tr9ity ( ignorance1 ins9c]ity1 & indiff]5ce4 ,n only is ?is alliance "o :i* !y ought to be ! fir/ to repudiate1 b x _c be dep5d$ ^u 9 ! ne> future4 ,?\gh a m9d be built1 z x 71 9 wat]-tight comp>tm5ts1 a flood ( tru? t is /rong en\gh w bur/ !m op54 ,*ri/ianity & sci5ce are n reconcil$4 ,! "* ( ! pres5t wave ( scepticism diff]s f t ( all o!rs 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity or ( mank9d1 9 t x has ! support ( mod]n k4 ,x has all ! appe>ance ( a wave t w increase 9 /r5g?1 & f9ally de/roy all ! pres5t fai?s ( ! _w4 ,pl5ty ( *eap agno/icism1 ( a priori infidelity1 is /ill to be met )1 & ( ?is1 z ,pr(essor ,huxley once rem>k$1 a man ( ! calibre ( ,butl]1 ( ! ,analogy1 c easily make %ort "w2 b ! scepticism ( ! mod]n sci5ti/ is ( ano!r k9d4 ,x arises f a ma/]y ( ! laws ( ,nature4 ,! ,*ri/ian apologies to meet ?is scepticism are unsatisfactory to ! la/ degree4 ,(t5 !y are bas$ on premises ! tru? ( :i* is op5 to ! grave/ d\bt1 or !y betray ignorance ( e/abli%$ facts4 ,!y are also conflict+1 s t ! argum5ts ( ! advanc$ & ! argum5ts ( ! cons]vative are mutually de/ructive1 ! latt] frequ5tly be>+ out ! cont5tions ( ! rationali/ reg>d+ ! =m]4 ,= ^! reasons !y are totally unconv9c+4 ,mean:ile ! ma9 issue ( ! conflict is confus$ & delay$ by v>i\s side issues1 :i* h no?+ really to d ) ! "q ( ,*ri/ianity's tru?4 ,!re is fur!r delay ?r\gh ! curr5cy ( a numb] ( popul> fallacies4 ,*apt] ,,ii43 ,miracles4--,belief 9 miracles is necess>y if ,*ri/ianity be true4 ,! v>i\s attempts to expla9 miracles are evasions1 n solutions ( a difficulty1 & are z speci\s z !y are conflict+4 ,few ?9k]s c\ld br+ !mselves to agree ) ,canon ,mason t miracles are no long] ne$$ because ! ,holy ,_s1 ) ,8 et]nal fre%ness ( life1 does n cramp ,himself by obsolete & antiquat$ me?ods ( action4 #cag ,! fundam5tal miracles are n hi/orical facts4 ,! evid5ce = all miracles is totally inadequate4 ,no miracle has ev] occurr$4 ,*apt] ,,iii43 ,mod]n ,bible ,criticism4--,all non-,*ri/ian & "s ,*ri/ian !ologians accept ! conclusions ( ! ,high] ,criticism 9 _! entirety1 :ile _m le>n$ div9es accept mu* t is de/ructive ( beliefs t h be5 held = ne>ly two mill5niums4 ,! critics %[ t ! ,bible is n hi/orically true1 & expla9 t we mu/ turn f ext]nal details to ! great spiritual tru?s :i* und]lie !m4 ,z obs]v$ by ! ,dean ( ,cant]bury1 #cah !y only say t !y are n hi/orical2 :at !y mean is t !y are n true4 ,! /rictly or?odox & ! rationali/ are at "o 9 agree+ t hi/oric tru? is ess5tial to ,*ri/ianity2 t ,*ri/ianity claims to be built n on ideas1 b on facts2 & t ! f>-fet*$ explanations ( ! advanc$ s*ool _c be accept$4 ,! rationali/1 h[ev]1 f9ds himself =c$ to admit ! validity ( ! de/ructive criticisms1 & also f9ds fur!r gr\nds = unbelief 9 ! sil5ce ( hi/orians1 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! alleg$ revelation 0 transmitt$1 & 9 ^? sob] facts :i* s completely impugn ! div9ity ( ,jesus4 ,*apt] ,,iv43 ,comp>ative ,my?ology4--,! simil>ity ( beliefs1 cu/oms1 & tea*+s 9 anci5t religions ) ^? 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion are z num]\s z !y are rem>kable4 ,^! p>allels deprive ,*ri/ianity ( any claim to orig9ality1 & furni% an explanation ( its orig9 :i* completely de/roys our belief 9 its tru?4 ,! !ory ( a progressive revelation is ! outcome ( dire necessity1 = ! survival ( ,*ri/ianity dep5ds ^u its acceptance4 ,?is !ory is = _m & cog5t reasons q unt5able4 ,x is n1 & _c be1 accept$ by ! /rictly or?odox4 ,! latt] endeav\r1 !re=e1 to disprove ! clos5ess ( ! p>allels1 or1 fail+ ?is1 to prove t !y are ,*ri/ian accretions4 ,enlight5$ div9es1 on ! o!r h&1 ackn[l$ge ! p>allels1 & rely ^u ! !ory ( progressive revelation to expla9 !m4 ,*apt] ,v43 ,evolution4--,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o may be ill-in=m$ on ! subject1 ! !ory ( evolution is expla9$1 & conv9c+ pro(s ( our animal orig9 are submitt$4 ,! !ory is g5]ally accept$ by ! cultur$1 ?\gh mu* ignorance & prejudice conc]n+ x /ill prevail4 ,! evolution>y processes are completely at v>iance ) ! ,bible & ) our ideas ( ,god4 ,! ,*ur*es z a body d n accept evolution will+ly1 & are *>y 9 ackn[l$g+ its tru? 9 _! public utt]ances4 ,_m ( _! mo/ di/+ui%$ memb]s are1 h[ev]1 evolutioni/s1 & ^! pr(ess t evolution is helpful to belief4 ,_! argum5ts are s+ul>ly unconv9c+4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,fall is unt5able4 ,*apt] ,,vi43 ,!i/ic ,pro(s4--,_m1 hone/ly deem+ !mselves to be ,*ri/ians1 are 9 reality ei!r dei/s or non-,*ri/ian !i/s4 ,! recognis$ argum5ts = ,!ism are ! evid5ces ( a ,fir/ ,cause1 ( design & directivity1 & ( b5evol5ce4 ,n "o ( ^! is accept$ by m ?an a v small m9ority ( sci5tific m54 ,! evid5ce ( design & directivity is m app>5t ?an real1 :ile1 ) reg>d to b5evol5ce1 x w\ld be easi] to demon/rate ! v rev]se4 ,! evid5ce f religi\s exp]i5ce is ano!r argum5t1 :i* has rec5tly be5 submitt$ to ! cultur$1 z a f9al pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( ! spiritual _w4 ,?is argum5t is %[n n only to be full ( absurdities1 b indirectly to furni% natural explanations = mu* t has hi!rto puzzl$ mank9d1 & l$ to belief 9 ! sup]natural4 ,*apt] ,,vii43 ,popul> ,argum5ts4--,f9ally1 !re are c]ta9 popul> argum5ts :i* help to confirm ! believ]1 & to det]m9e ! fri5dly attitude ( ! av]age unbeliev]4 ,broadly speak+1 !y are all compris$ "u two ma9 ass]tions--,*ri/ianity's p[] = good1 & ! univ]sality ( ! religi\s in/9ct4 ,s long z we conf9e ourselves to a %all[ & biass$ exam9ation1 ! flaws 9 ^! assumptions w pass unnotic$2 b :5 we submit !m to a clos] exam9ation1 ) op5 m9ds1 we f9d t !y _c be sub/antiat$ by ! facts ( ei!r anci5t or mod]n hi/ory4 ,i may be p]mitt$ to add t ,i atta* ! greate/ importance to ! object-lesson n[ pres5t$ to u by ,russia & ,japan4 ,n only h we "h an excell5t illu/ration ( ! fallacies conc]n+ ! p[] ( ,*ri/ianity & ! connection betwe5 conduct & belief1 b ?is illu/ration has be5 giv5 to ! :ole _w4 ,among ! millions :o h wat*$ ev5ts1 ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s mu/ h "s inkl+ ( ! place t religion holds 9 ! m9ds ( ^! two peoples1 &1 !re=e1 mu/ h f\nd mu* t w cause !m to modify _! op9ions conc]n+ ^! popul> argum5ts4 ,i _c imag9e any o!r conjunction ( circum/ances :i* c\ld h result$ 9 su* a broadca/ s[+ ( ! se$s ( scepticism4 ,! ,ma9 ,conclusion4--,x is cu/om>y 9 ,*ri/ian apologetics to palliate ! inadequacy ( any "o p>ticul> argum5t or set ( argum5ts = belief by rem9d+ u t we mu/ take into consid]ation ! comb9$ weight ( all ! o!r 7equally inadequate7 argum5ts4 ,! apologi/ ( unbelief has no ne$ to ask ?is ( 8 read]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 he is able to po9t out a numb] ( argum5ts1 ea* ( :i* is1 ( itself1 fully suffici5t to w>rant _! jo9+ ! ranks ( ! unbeliev]s4 ,= in/ance1 he c po9t to any "o ( ! foll[+ z fairly conclusive evid5ce3--,! dismal failure #cai ( ,*ri/ianity aft] ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s' trial2 ! app>5t impossibility ( & complete want ( evid5ce = ! miracles on :i* ,*ri/ianity is f\nd$2 ! de/ructive criticism ( ! ,bible1 :i* _c be ga9said2 ! int5sely grave suspicions ?r[n ^u ! orig9ality ( ,*ri/ianity by ! revelations ( comp>ative my?ology2 ! v>i\s dilemmas aris+ f ! accept$ doctr9e ( evolution2 ! inadequacy & conflict+ "* ( ! s-call$ ,!i/ic pro(s 7pro(s ( a p]sonal ,deity72 &1 f9ally1 ! fallacies 9 argum5ts hi!rto s popul> & fai?-produc+4 ,we _c get away f facts4 ,mod]n k =ces u to admit t ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? _c be true4 ,hav+ arriv$ at ?is ma9 conclusion1 ! unbeliev] is at once confront$ ) _m burn+ que/ions4 ,i %all endeav\r to outl9e ! answ]s to ^? t seem ! m press+2 b ! subject is a l>ge "o1 & _c be adequately treat$ 9 a few %ort p>agraphs4 ,! ma9 difficulty is1 ( c\rse1 ! morality problem1 &1 if t admits ( a fav\rable solution1 we %all be 9 a bett] position to consid] ! next "q3 ,%\ld ! unbeliev] keep 8 unbelief to himself1 or %\ld he speak out8 #b4 ,:y ,lead a ,moral ,life8 ,,prelim9>y ,,rem>ks4 ,let me say at once t if1 aft] ! elim9ation ( all untru?s f ,*ri/ianity1 we c\ld build a belief 9 ,god & immortality on ! residue1 we %\ld !n h a f> m p[]ful inc5tive to "r conduct ?an any?+ t ,i am ab\t to urge4 ,i fully admit t to tell ! ord9>y mortal br\ght up 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai? to d "r = "r's sake w (t5 be futile1 inspir+ ?\gh ! s5tim5t may be = "s few ( u4 ,i admit also ! fact t morality always t5ds to ! well-be+ ( ! individual & ! race4 ,x is ! "o & only s\nd argum5t = ! work+ ( any e?ical purpose 9 nature1 &1 if we c feel t 9 lead+ ! moral life we are help+ to c>ry out "s high purpose 9 :i* we are p]sonally conc]n$1 su* a belief w c]ta9ly be ( great e?ical value4 ,9 ! foll[+ argum5t1 h[ev]1 ,i hope to %[ t1 ev5 )\t a religi\s inc5tive1 we h all-suffici5t reasons = lead+ ! moral life4 ,at pres5t our morality is b\nd up ) a belief :i* is false1 & :i* p are beg9n+ to feel & "k to be false4 ,!re=e x is m ?an ev] necess>y t we %\ld le>n m ( ^? reasons = morality :i* d n dep5d ^u ?is or t belief4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,= ,,morality4 ,! man :o does n realise t any su* cog5t reasons exi/ w argue3 ,i q und]/& t ! welf>e ( society dep5ds ^u ! moral conduct ( its memb]s2 b :y %\ld ,i c>e = ! good ( society8 ,!re are _m immoral ?+s :i* ,i c d )\t be+ f\nd out--)\t any h>m com+ to me1 directly or indirectly4 ,nei!r d ,i believe 9 ! famili> adage1 ',foll[ nature1 & y _c g wrong4' ,civilisation is cont9ually wre/l+ ) nature2 we g aga9/ nature a ?\s& times a day4 ,:y %\ld ,i n foll[ nature j s f> z ,i c get out ( my n]ves a maximum ( pleasure at ! exp5se ( a m9imum ( pa98 ,tell me1 !n1 y :o d n believe 9 hell or heav51 y :o ?9k we c live "u a sy/em ( morality :i* entirely disp5ses ) sup]natural sanctions1 :y %\ld ,i lead a moral life8 ,to ?is "q ,i w\ld reply by ano!r3 ,h y no self-respect1 ! commone/ & mo/ univ]sal inc5tive to "r conduct1 & "o :i* necess>ily includes respect = o!rs8 ,ev5 if y\r body _h heal?1 w\ld y\r m9d h peace )\t morality8 ,! ess5ce ( happ9ess is a cont5t$ m9d4 ,bodily ailm5ts & o!r mis=tunes1 n ( y\r own mak+1 may (t5 m> y\r ef=ts to obta9 ?is desirable frame ( m9d2 b ! ne>e/ approa* to x t is possible w be ga9$ by lead+ ! moral life4 ,righte\sness contributes usually to success & inv>iably to happ9ess1 because x is 9 h>mony ) ! ne$s & laws ( heal? & social life4 ,note1 please1 t ,i say contributes4 ,we are n speak+ n[ ( circum/ances beyond man's control--! calamities & cata/rophes1 daily & h\rly occurr+1 9 accordance ) nature's inexorable laws1 :i* w\ld n be affect$ ei!r way by man's conduct4 ,also1 z !re are conditions "u :i* ! body may n be affect$ by immorality discreetly pursu$1 x w be bett] to conf9e our att5tion to t :i* is always affect$--! m9d4 ,?is w be recognis$ m cle>ly :5 we grasp ! fact t ! true orig9 ( ! guide to conduct lies 9 ! in/9cts inh]it$ f our animal ance/ors4 #cbj ,man is a social animal1 & 9 8 relations ) 8 fell[-m5 8 moral in/9ct is l>gely a developm5t ( ! social in/9ct4 ,to secure ! happ9ess ( ! individual z well z ( ! community1 ?is in/9ct dem&s satisfaction4 ,!re is no?+ :i* depresses ! m9d ( man or bea/ m ?an a ?w>t$ in/9ct4 ,life1 z ,ari/otle has well said1 is en]gy :i* ea* individual ex]cises on ^? subjects 9 :i* he mo/ delights4 ,man's prop] & natural pleasures mu/ consi/ 9 ! op]ations by :i* 8 "w is done & 8 task accompli%$4 ,b v>i\s circum/ances w (t5 prev5t a man or woman f ex]cis+ 8 or h] special aptitudes4 ,?us a natural in/9ct is disappo9t$1 & complete happ9ess is out ( ! "q4 ,9 ! case ( ! social in/9ct1 its satisfaction1 s f> z possible1 is a supreme necessity1 if !re is to be any approa* to cont5tm5t ( m9d4 ,to atta9 x !re is only "o c\rse op5--! moral life4 ,%\ld ! individual *oose ! immoral life1 & %\ld he ev5 succe$ 9 foll[+ x )\t suff]+ social o/racism1 he w c]ta9ly injure n only ! happ9ess ( ! community1 b also 8 own *ances ( su* real & p]man5t happ9ess z ?is _w might o!rwise h af=d$ him4 ,,uselessness ,,( ,,vague ,,?reats4 ,b1 x may be object$1 ! av]age man w n be det]r$ f wrong-do+ by ! fe> ( vague consequ5ces2 he is only conc]n$ to snat* ! imm$iate pleasure 7or :at seems to him to be a pleasure71 to satisfy a mom5t>y lu/1 to secure ! gratification ( 8 s5ses on ! bird-9-!-h& pr9ciple4 ,t is all v true1 ( c\rse1 & incid5tally x acc\nts = ! failure ( ,*ri/ianity or any o!r belief t relies = its e?ical effect on a sy/em ( vague ?reats & promises4 ,b once get rid ( ! nebulosity1 & all is *ang$--s long1 t is1 z ! bra9 is heal?y1 & ! supremacy ( reason ackn[l$g$4 ,emotions ( hate1 cupidity1 s5suality1 & ! l1 are always liable1 z are all o!r emotions1 to cl\d ! reason--to d]ange ! bra9 tempor>ily2 h[ mu* m s :5 !re is no cle> p]ception ( disagreeable consequ5ces8 ,no man 9 8 s5ses w act ) entire disreg>d ( consequ5ces2 x is only :5 !y are n suffici5tly cle> t !y are disreg>d$4 ,x is absurd to suppose t ! ord9>y man is su* an un?9k+ animal t he nev] /udies ultimate consequ5ces4 ,! mo/ selfi% m5 & wom5--& ! religi\s _w is n )\t its fair %>e ( !m--?9k ( ! morr[4 ,no "o m s4 ,x is ! exceptional individual ( ! happy-g-lucky sort1 ) no enemy b himself1 on :om x is difficult to impress ! ne$ ( ?9k+ ahead4 ,,! ,,ne$ ,,= ,,an ,,e>ly ,,education ,,9 ,,e?ical ,,pr9ciples4 ,my cont5tion1 !n1 is t a feel+ ( c]ta9ty reg>d+ ultimate consequ5ces is1 above all o!rs1 ! mo/ p[]ful factor 9 influ5c+ conduct4 ,?is c]ta9ty w be atta9$ ?r\gh1 & only ?r\gh1 ! m$ium ( education4 ,kn[+ ?is1 x is ! duty ( p>5ts & tea*]s to be cont9ually implant+ 9 ! m9ds ( ! "y ! objects ( "r-do+ & ! consequ5ces ( wrong-do+1 :olly ap>t f que/ions ( belief1 n only because su* tea*+ en%r9es a great tru?1 b because ?is tru? is liable to be lo/ sight ( 9 ! mi/s ( !ological dogmas & metaphysical !ories4 ,*ildr51 x is true1 adopt moral pr9ciples out ( reg>d = social & p>5tal au?ority1 & n z ! result ( reason$ conviction1 s t at fir/ ! sci5tific reasons = "r conduct w d\btless be to "s ext5t unappreciat$4 ,b1 mean:ile1 a habit ( m9d w be =m+1 &1 z ! new tea*+ w appeal to ! common s5se ( ! gr[+ m9d1 & n to its cr$ulity1 a reason$ conviction w %ortly foll[4 ,conduct develop$ 9 ?is mann]1 free f !ological speculations1 is bas$ on a firm f\ndation1 :i* no lat] exp]i5ces 9 life w be able to upset4 ,x is n nebul\s4 ,x is n susceptible ( *ange ?r\gh an alt]ation 9 religi\s views4 ,x is true4 ,! future g5]ation1 s br\ght up1 w reg>d ! consequ5ces ( immorality ) complete c]titude1 & w d s )\t hav+ to extricate !mselves1 z ! pres5t g5]ation mu/1 f objectionable habits ( ?\ght & conduct eng5d]$ by errone\s tea*+4 ,,! ,,object-,,lesson ,,furni%$ ,,by ,,! ,,japanese4 ,?is is no ab/ract !ory4 ,we h a concrete & magnific5t example be=e u 9 a nation ^: "* is =m$ entirely by non-!ological in/ruction4 ,i ref]1 ( c\rse1 to ! ,japanese4 ,!re are no p m ref9$1 c\rte\s1 g5tle1 amiable1 & innately /hetic ?an ^! ,lat9s ( ! ,ori5t2 no p m brave1 h>dy1 & self-controll$2 none m cleanly & heal?y 9 body & happy 9 m9d4 ,! ,japanese army1 by its p]fection ( transport1 commiss>iat1 & equipm5t1 its surgical & sanit>y "w1 its discipl9e & da%1 its passionate patriotism & its humanity to ! conqu]$1 surpasses ! armies ( ! ,*ri/ian nations :o s5d _! mission>ies to ,japan4 ,) reg>d to sexual morality1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 z ,pr(essor ,inazo ,nitobe rem>ks1 t1 :atev] *>ges may be made aga9/ ! ,japanese p1 ! same *>ge c be1 & is1 actually made aga9/ e c\ntry1 ,engl& n exclud$1 by travell]s1 s9ce x is usually ! wor/1 ! lax1 side ( life to :i* a =eign] is fir/ introduc$4 #cba ,p]sonally1 ,i %\ld say t ! *>ge c\ld be met by po9t+ to ! ackn[l$g$ virtues & physical condition ( ! ,japanese1 & ask+1 ,c ^! be ! result ( vici\s habits8 ,!re are c]ta9 significant circum/ances 9 connection ) ! pres5t moral condition 9 ,japan :i* we mu/ n omit to take into consid]ation4 ,untru?fulness1 di%one/y1 & brutal crime1 says ,lafcadio ,he>n1 speak+ ( ,old ,japan1 7 r>] !n ?an n[1 z (ficial /ati/ics %[2 ! p]c5tage ( crime hav+ be5 = "s ye>s /eadily on ! increase--:i* proves1 among o!r ?+s1 t ! /ruggle = exi/5ce has be5 int5sifi$4 ,! virtue ( ,japanese wives 0 g5]ally 9 all ages above suspicion4 #cbb ,if !re has be5 a s]i\s relapse among u1 says ano!r writ]1 x has be5 ! result ( ! %ock occasion$ by our contact ) ! new civilisation1 & =tunately n ! consequ5ce ( ! ab&on+ ( a belief 9 future puni%m5t by an (f5d$ ,god4 #cbc 7,:at food = ?\ght--fall+ (f 9 morality attribut$ to ov]-population & contact ) a ,*ri/ian civilisation67 ,h[ d ! ,japanese hope to solve ?is new problem8 ,by ,*ri/ianity8 ,n at all4 ,m5 are beg9n+ to see1 cont9ues ! same writ]1 t 9 ! doma9 ( morality ! excell5t precepts & propositions by :i* _! fa!rs 7 guid$ "u ! old rgime1 b :i* h s9ce fall5 into disrepute1 are fundam5tally correct1 & t1 ) slight adaptations 9 ! light ( ! new civilisation1 ! old code ( morality w s]ve _! purpose "u ! alt]$ circum/ances ( ! new era4 ,only ! *>ge ( lack ( comm]cial morality has any f\ndation 9 fact1 &1 ) reg>d to ?is1 "h is ! true explanation1 giv51 n by a ,japanese apologi/1 b by a ,*ri/ian mission>y3 ,! ,japanese are (t5 *>g$1 & ) good reason1 ) a lack ( comm]cial morality4 ,9 days :5 ! milit>y virtues reign$ supreme1 ! h&l+ ( trade 0 deem$ an employm5t :i* no g5tleman w\ld take up2 h5ce ! comm]ce ( ! c\ntry is l>gely 9 ! h&s ( m5 :o d n repres5t h] be/ traditions4 ,aga91 c]ta9 re/rictions ( m]cy 7 always grant$ 9 ! und]tak+ ( a contract1 :]eas =eign]s naturally reg>d a contract z b9d+ unconditionally4 ,b1 9 bo? respects1 me?ods ( trade are improv+1 & 9 ! excell5t comm]cial s*ools x is taught t ',hone/y is ! be/ policy4' ,among memb]s ( ! humble/ ranks ( life ! mo/ /rik+ in/ances ( hone/y w be met )2 a j9riki%a man w run aft] y ) ! p>cel y h =gott51 a %opkeep] w walk to y\r h\se to br+ y a few c5ts he accid5tally ov]*>g$ y4 #cbd ,z to _! purely secul> education & ! sev]ance ( belief f conduct1 ,b>on ,suyematsu rem>ks t1 to ! outsid]s :o h n gr[n up 9 an atmosph]e ( ?is k9d1 x may appe> some:at difficult to compreh5d h[ boys & girls c\ld be ?or\ghly imbu$ ) moral s5tim5ts )\t connect+ !m 9 "s way ) religion2 b :5 ^! are taught ) ?or\ghness1 bas+ _! sy/ematic exposition on ! duties ( human be+s t[>ds "o ano!r & to ! ,/ate1 & on ! noble tradition ( _! ! *ildr5's own community & ! *>act]i/ic virtues ( _! =efa!rs 9 :i* !y ought to rejoice1 & :5 appeals are made to ! hon\r & pride :i* "o %\ld feel & value1 &1 above all1 to ! consci5ce ( individuals1 "o's ?\ghts appe> to become imbu$ ) ! lessons convey$1 & moral notions ?us taught seem to become1 p] se1 a k9d ( undef9$1 b nev]!less pot5t & s]viceable1 religion4 #cbe ,aga91 ,b>on ,suyematsu tells u else:]e t ! educat$ classes consid] t he :o does :at is good = good's sake1 & n = a fe> ( any?+ ext]ior1 is ! mo/ c\rage\s man1 & to be c\rage\s is ! mo/ important feature ( ,bu%ido4 ,! probability is t1 7 a ,japanese g5tleman a dev\t adh]5t ( any p>ticul> =m ( religion1 he w\ld r conceal x ?an make a display ( x4 #cbf ,! words ( o!r ?an ,japanese writ]s may n be )\t "s int]e/4 ,a ,*ri/ian fri5d ( m9e1 once an ,engli% pr(essor 9 a ,japanese college1 wrote to me lately3 ,i mu/ admit t ! ,japanese d seem to h atta9$ )\t ,*ri/ianity a high] /atus ?an mo/ ,*ri/ian nations4 ,inde$1 !y appe> to atta9 p]sonal & national excell5ce )\t religion at all4 ,aga91 ano!r ,engli%man1 :o has sp5t a lifetime & occupies a high position 9 ,japan1 rem>ks 79 ! c\rse ( a lett] reply+ to my qu]ies73 ,!re is n ! remote/ *ance ( ,*ri/ianity becom+ ! religion ( ! ,/ate4 ,= ! la/ two c5turies & a half ! educat$ class h adopt$ ! ,agno/ic e?ical sy/em ( ,confucius1 :i*1 once und]/ood & embrac$1 c nev] be dislodg$ by ! ,*ri/ian or any o!r v>iety ( !ologian4 ,yet ,dr4 ,boyd ,c>p5t]1 ,bi%op ( ,ripon1 closes 8 book1 ,! ,witness ( ! ,influ5ce ( ,*ri/1 ) ! famili> ass]tion ( ! insep>ability ( religion & e?ics4 ,x is an ass]tion :i*1 n[ m ?an ev]1 ! ,*ur*es are reit]at+4 ,:y8 ,is x n because !y f9d t _m are beg9n+ to d\bt its tru?8 ,i fe> reit]ation w n make x any tru]4 ,only facts w appeal to ! man :o looks bel[ ! surface1 & ^! all t5d ! o!r way4 ,9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal = ,octob]1 #aije1 !re is an article contribut$ by ! editor :i* des]ves ! e>ne/ att5tion ( all ?\ghtful m54 ,x is entitl$ ,moral ,supremacy ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! foll[+ quotations f x w suffice to %[ ! f>-rea*+ importance ( ! que/ions x raises3 ,*ri/5dom1 z a :ole1 long accu/om$ to treat all pagan races z morally inf]ior to h]self1 n[ /&s confront$ by a non-,*ri/ian civilisation1 ( va/ p[] & spl5did promise1 ^: claim to moral equality1 at lea/1 _c be disreg>d$1 except by ^? :o are morally bl9d4444 ,! hold ( ,*ri/ianity ^u ! peoples ( ! ,we/]n _w is root$ 9 ! conviction t ?is is ! religion :i* produces ! be/ m54 ,to a great] degree ?an is commonly recognis$1 ea* ,*ur* or sect ( ,*ri/5dom ?us d]ives its confid5ce f ! f9al c\rt ( e?ical appeal4 ,:atev] gr\nd be alleg$ = a giv5 doctr9e1 :e!r ( ,scripture1 au?ority1 or reason1 ! argum5t w\ld in/antly lose its =ce if x 7 to appe> t ! e?ical result ( d5y+ ! doctr9e 0 sup]ior to t :i* foll[$ its acceptance4 ,,crim9ality4 ,to return to ! argum5ts ( rational morality4 ,a man may say3 ,i don't c>e a bit ab\t ?is social in/9ct y tell me (2 ,i don't "k t ,i possess x4 ,x is no use y\r prat+ to me ab\t my happ9ess ( m9d1 & ! necessity ( my be+ 9 h>mony ) my surr\nd+s4 ,i pref] to gratify ! in/9ct--! passion--t ,i d feel1 reg>dless ( ! consequ5ces to o!rs4 ,( c\rse1 ,i %\ldn't l ev]ybody else to d ! same4 ,t is ! beauty ( my s*eme1 & ,i am n go+ to miss my opportunity 9 ! %ort space ( exi/5ce y tell me is all t lies be=e me4 ,if x pleases me to make a bea/ ( myself1 ,i %all d s4 ,all ,i c say is t a man :o really means t ?is is :at he w\ld d1 if n det]r$ by belief1 is an un=tunate1 ) crim9al t5d5cies--is1 9 fact1 ( uns\nd m9d4 ,8 reason+1 too1 is uns\nd4 ,he mu/ expect o!rs to foll[ 8 example1 z 8 argum5t is t ! :ole _w w\ld become immoral & lawless )\t belief4 ,he w\ld suff]1 !re=e1 ) ! re/1 & !n w\ld be ! fir/1 if sane1 to co-op]ate ) 8 fell[-suff]]s 9 putt+ d[n lawlessness4 ,! mo/ savage tribe looks aft] its own int]e/s accord+ to its lights4 ,a man :o disreg>ds ! int]e/ ( all b himself becomes an ,i%mael1 an outlaw1 a crim9al2 &1 9 ! approa*+ ,rationali/ic age1 he w be specially tak5 c>e (1 & treat$ z any o!r insane p]son4 ,:at are ! causes ( crim9ality8 ,! ,devil--man's s9ful nature--! ,religioni/ w reply4 ,:at does ,sci5ce reply8 ,dr4 ,mc,ewen1 ( ,glasg[1 relates 9 ! ,lancet h[ a lab\r]1 aft] fall+ on 8 head f a scaffold+1 develop$ immoral t5d5cies4 ,a tum\r _h =m$ on 8 bra94 ,?is 0 successfully remov$ by trepann+1 & ! immoral t5d5cies disappe>$4 ,aga91 ,dr4 ,lyd/on tells u t ,fles* exam9$ ! bra9s ( fifty crim9als1 & f\nd imp]fections 9 all4 ,vice & crime1 says ,dr4 ,lyd/on1 w "o day be %[n m def9itely ?an ev] to be a matt] to be dealt ) by m$ical sci5ce r ?an by law4 #cbg ,:5 bra9 defects 7:e!r inh]it$ or caus$ by environm5t7 affect+ ! moral faculties1 are univ]sally recognis$ z ! real s\rce ( crim9al t5d5cies2 :5 disease ( ! bra9 is no long] reg>d$ z a disease ( ! s\l--!n1 & n till !n1 w crim9ality mat]ially dim9i%4 ,sci5ce w triumphantly succe$ :]e ,religion has dismally fail$4 ,! soon]1 !re=e1 crim9ality is look$ ^u z a disease ( ! bra91 & dealt ) accord+ly1 ! bett] x w be = ! human race4 ,a day w surely come :51 z ,mr4 ,wells pr$icts1 #cbh crime & bad lives w be ! measure ( a ,/ate's failure4 ,! mod]n ,!i/ n[ admits t x is ,god's pleasure to employ law1 & n ! susp5sion ( law1 to "w out ,8 purposes4 ,:y1 !n1 :e!r we are ,!i/s or ,agno/ics1 %\ld we n /udy & apply ^? laws = our moral improvem5t8 ,ev5 n[ we are do+ s4 ,rationalism has taught u t prev5tion is bett] ?an cure1 & its great ally1 ,sci5ce1 is help+ bo? 9 ! prev5tion & ! cure4 ,b ! process w be consid]ably accel]at$ :5 our en]gies & our =tunes are sp5t altoge!r 9 ?is direction1 in/ead ( be+ fritt]$ away 9 futile attempts to obta9 ! same results by spiritual me?ods4 ,,our ,,aids4 ,aga9 ! sup]naturali/ may say3 ,i grant y1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t1 sett+ aside ! ills ( 'outrage\s =tune1' ! secret ( happ9ess lies 9 obey+ ! social in/9ct2 b human nature is weak1 & requires assi/ance4 ,h[ d y propose to replace ! aid d]iv$ f belief8 ,i am n a ,japanese4 ,i am n an ,ori5tal1 ) an extraord9>y p[] ( self-abnegation = ! sake ( an idea4 ,i am a phlegmatic ,engli%man1 & ,i am n at all sure t1 ev5 if ,i _h _h ?is ,bu%ido in/ill$ into me1 my "* w\ld h be5 any /rong] ?an x is n[ aft] a ,*ri/ian education4 ,"h let me aga9 repeat t ,i d n = "o mom5t cont5d t1 if ,*ri/ianity 7 true z n[ int]pret$ by lib]al !ology1 or1 aga91 if ,!ism1 ) its assurance ( a b5evol5t ,god1 7 true1 t1 z ,neo-,*ri/ians or ,!i/s1 we %\ld n f9d belief helpful 9 our ef=ts to lead a moral & !re=e innoc5tly happy life2 b an agno/icism reg>d+ all sup]natural beliefs appe>s to be ! only possible attitude = an enlight5$ _w1 & x is ?is situation t we h n[ to face4 ,is !re any?+1 !n1 t c 9 any way take ! place ( ! e?ical assi/ance #cbi af=d$ by belief 9 ,god & an aft]-life8 ,! answ] ( ,rationalism has already be5 indicat$--x is to ! =ce ( environm5t 79 its broade/ s5se7 t we mu/ look 9 our /ruggle ) h]$it>y weaknesses4 ,we _c get rid ( our inh]it$ qualities2 b we c modify !m by *ang+ our environm5t4 ,if our e>ly education1 our e>ly environm5t1 has be5 neglect$1 we /ill h x 9 our p[] to rem$y1 or p>tly rem$y1 ?is un=tunate circum/ance by our *oice ( pres5t environm5t4 ,! h>d case is t ( a man s situat$ t to *ange 8 evil environm5t seems well-nigh impossible4 ,!re=e x is t ! r$uction ( p]nici\s environm5ts is ( p>am\nt importance to ! race1 & ?is tru? ! rationali/ic _s ( ! age is n[ =c+ to ! front4 ,also1 if ! individual takes no int]e/ 9 po/]ity1 & refuses to /udy ! "q ( h]$ity1 ! day w come :5 ! law ( ! l& w see to x t ! s9s or diseases ( ! fa!rs %all n be visit$ ^u ! *ildr5 unto ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation4 ,x is ! quality1 n ! quantity1 ( our *ildr5 t we h to keep to ! =efront4 #ccj ,! me?ods w be simple1 if some:at dra/ic2 b ! ne$ to apply !m w cont9ue to less5 9 proportion z ! laws ( h]$ity & environm5t are bett] kept 9 view4 ,ov] ! pa/1 repres5t$ by our own h]$ity1 we h no control4 ,we _c *ange ! facts :i* h made ! deg5]ate1 ! neurotic1 ! hy/]ical1 & ! crim9al2 b ^! are only names = human be+s :o1 by a c]ta9 tra9 ( causation1 h _h c]ta9 impulses develop$ & o!rs left fall[ or suppress$4 ,a diff]5t tra9 ( causation w awak5 ! capabilities to hold ^! impulses 9 due *eck4 ,?is future1 n[ repres5t$ by ! environm5t1 is greatly )9 our p[]4 ,h]$ity be+ b ! transmitt$ effects ( pa/ environm5ts1 we h to make a suitable environm5t = gr[+ organisms if we wi% to m\ld !m to our ideals2 & ?is is ! mean+ ( education4 #cca ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,a ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,morality4 ,f9ally1 x is v necess>y t ! orig9 ( morality 7z indicat$ by ,sp5c] 9 8 ,data ( ,e?ics1 by ,d>w9 9 8 ,desc5t ( ,man1 by ,pr9ce ,kropotk9 9 8 ,mutual ,aid3 ,a ,factor ( ,evolution1 & by ,dr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,saleeby 9 8 ,evolution3 ,! ,ma/]-,key7 %\ld be bett] und]/ood4 ,hi!rto ! "q ( morality has be5 dealt ) on wrong l9es1 #ccb & ?is applies to ! tea*+ n only ( ,*ri/ian b also ( non-,*ri/ian religioni/s4 ,x applies to ! works ( ^? speculative philosoph]s :o h d5i$ ! empirical orig9 ( man's moral feel+1 & :o h _h rec\rse to subtle & unconv9c+ !ories 9 ord] to assign a sup]natural orig9 to ! moral s5ses4 ,^! ?9k]s1 9 attempt+ to expla9 ! di/9ction ( man1 ! :y ( exi/5ce1 & ! aim ( nature1 set !mselves ! hopeless task ( expla9+ a process :i* entails untold suff]+ ^u s5ti5t be+s1 & 9 :i* ! mod]n ,rationali/ is unable to discov] any e?ical pr9ciple :atsoev]4 ,too mu* prom95ce _c be giv5 to ! lat] conclusions ( mod]n ?\ght s eloqu5tly set =? by ,pr9ce ,kropotk94 ,mu* z ,i appreciate all ,mr4 ,s4 ,la+'s writ+s1 & especially1 p]haps1 ! *apt] on ,practical ,life ) :i* he closes 8 admirable "w1 ,mod]n ,sci5ce & ,mod]n ,?\ght1 ,i _c agree ) him :5 he says 7p4 #aac ( ! ,r4 ,p4 ,a4 ,*eap ,repr9t73 ,= practical purposes x is comp>atively unimportant h[ ?is ! moral /&>d got !re4 ,x is1 9 my humble op9ion1 v important1 = ! reasons t are cle>ly demon/rat$ by ,pr9ce ,kropotk9 & o!r mod]n e?ici/s4 ,s soon z ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( ! orig9 ( morals is fully accept$1 great /rides 9 ! developm5t ( an improv$ morality w surely foll[4 ,9 f9e1 sci5ce1 f> f de/roy+ ! f\ndations ( e?ics1 z x is s (t5 accus$ ( do+1 gives to evolutioni/ e?ics a philosophical c]titude :]e ! transc5d5tal ?9k] _h only a vague intuition to rely ^u4 #ccc ,,op9ions ,,( ,,e?ici/s4 ,let me n[ quote "s in/ructive utt]ances by ,rationali/s #ccd3-- ,! f\ndation ( morality is to h done1 once & = all1 ) ly+2 to give up pret5d+ to believe t = :i* !re is no evid5ce1 & repeat+ un9telligible propositions ab\t ?+s beyond ! possibilities ( k4 ,%e ,sci5ce kn[s t ! safety ( morality lies nei!r 9 ! adoption ( ?is or t philosophical speculation1 nor ?is or t !ological cre$1 b 9 a real & liv+ belief 9 t fix$ ord] ( nature :i* s5ds social disorganisation ^u ! track ( immorality1 z surely z x s5ds physical disease aft] physical trespasses4 ,& ( t firm & lively fai? x is h] mission to be prie/ess4 #cce ,!ological apologi/s1 :o insi/ t morality w vani% if _! dogmas are explod$1 w\ld d well to consid] ! fact t1 9 ! matt] ( intellectual v]acity1 sci5ce is already a long way ahead ( ! ,*ur*es2 & t1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 x is ex]t+ an educational influ5ce on mank9d ( :i* ! ,*ur*es h %[n !mselves utt]ly incapable4 #ccf--;,huxley4 ,a moral life is t =m ( exi/5ce :i* is bas$ ^u ob$i5ce to natural & social law4444 ,by long transmission & inh]itance ( m5tal & physical qualities a c]ta9 moral s5se1 s to say1 has be5 develop$1 n[ call$ 'consci5ce1' :i* sugge/s acts (t5 am\nt+ to self-sacrifice1 & condemns & represses o!rs1 pleasant & ev5 pr(itable to ! individual1 because detrim5tal to ! race4 ,altruism & ,utilit>ianism h come to be s ins5sibly bl5d$ t x is difficult to detect :]e ! "o ends & ! o!r beg9s4444 ,we h atta9$ a natural & in/9ctive pref]5ce = :at is good & noble 9 conduct1 irrespective ( self-int]e/1 j z we h ris5 to an in/9ctive appreciation ( f9e music & delicate p]fume4444 ,! moral life is d]iv$ f ! univ]sal exp]i5ce ( mank9d1 approv$ by ! wisdom ( ! wise1 & ju/ifi$ by ! fate ( ! fooli%4 #ccg ,we ne$s mu/ love ! noble/ :5 we see x4--,! ,au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion4 ,! ,sup]naturali/s *>ge ! sy/em ( ! ,rationali/s ) a lack ( any effective motive t c con/ra9 ord9>y & av]age m5 to live a moral life4 ',x is all v well1' !y say1 '= y\r ,sp9ozas1 y\r ,/u>t ,mills1 & su* l1 to affect indep5d5ce ( sup]natural sanctions1 because !y are exceptional m51 & h p[]s ( disc]nm5t & w1 by :i* !y appropriate to !mselves ! moral doctr9e & practice ( ,*ri/ianity1 :ile !y refuse to ackn[l$ge _! debt4'444 ,i d>esay ,i might1 ) "s success1 retort ! argum5t ( ,sup]naturalism4 ',x is all v well1' ,i might say1 '= y\r apo/les & sa9ts1 = y\r ,augu/9es & ,lu!rs & ,bunyans1 to dep5d on sup]natural sanctions1 because !y are exceptional m51 & h p[]s ( imag9ation :i* turn %ad[s into sub/ance4'444 ,!re is su* a ?+ z self-respect2 no man likes to feel a%am$ ( himself4 ,!re are v few :o are n /rongly mov$ by a desire to see wife & *ildr5 or p>5ts happy4 ,su* influ5ces z ^! h f> m to d ) m\ld+ human life & resi/+ selfi% passion ?an any fe> ( hell or desire ( heav51 or any philosophical pr9ciples4 ,& su* influ5ces z ^! w survive ev5 :5 op5 d5ial ( sup]natural sanction becomes z g5]al z tacit disbelief is n[4 #cch--;,j4 ,allanson ,picton4 ,= ! mass ( mank9d two motives s]ve to direct ! ma9 c\rse ( e?ics4 ,^! are ,prud5ce & ,sympa?y4444 ,prud5ce is ! fir/ /ep 9 morality4444 ,sympa?y did n wait to be call$ into life by religion4 ,x 0 born among ! brutes4444 ,9 ! case ( man ! sympa?y :i* issues fir/ ?r\gh ! natural emotions ( family & sex is spread ov] an ev]-wid5+ area by ! p[] ( imag9ation4 ,a great] faculty ( ent]+ into ! feel+s ( o!rs goes along ) a deep] s5sitiv5ess to _! pa9s & joys4 ,_! exp]i5ce becomes ours4 ,our self is bl5d$ ) !irs4 ,we pity _! actual suff]+s1 &1 call+ up 9 imag9ation ! suff]+ our conduct might entail1 we %r9k f committ+ a wrong4444 ,pity is ! *>act]i/ic m>k ( ! lat] e?ics4 #cci--;,f4 ,j4 ,g\ld4 ,"o c say )\t exagg]ation t ! mo/ religi\s times & ! mo/ religi\s peoples1 or ^? 9 :i* or among :om ! p[] ( ! ,*ur* has be5 ! /ronge/1 h1 g5]ally speak+1 be5 ! mo/ immoral4 ,"o has evid5ce en\gh 9 ! horrors ( ! ,middle ,ages1 &1 if to-day x be o!rwise1 x is n to religion we owe ! *ange1 b to ! spread ( education & ! progress ( intellig5ce4444 ,x is "o ( ! fatale/ & mo/ widespread ( errors t morality )\t religion is impossible4 ,x has long be5 sci5tifically ackn[l$g$ t morality1 z su*1 is f> old] ?an religion4444 ,morality comes only z ! consequ5ce & result ( ! inevitable necessities ( social int]c\rse4 #cdj--,ludwig ,b*n]4 ,! religion ( ! l[] ord]s ( ,wel%m5 may be said to be high 9 ! scale1 :ile _! morality is decid$ly l[4444 ,:at savage nations h be5 rais$ out ( _! degradation by ,*ri/ianity8444 ,i look ^u ! doctr9e ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts z radically bad1 & z bad = savages z = civilis$ m54--,alfr$ ,russel ,wallace4 #cda ,heav5 & hell h no m relation to ! "q ?an any o!r puni%m5ts4 ,! hell :i* a ?or\ghly bad man dreads c only be a hell ( physical suff]+2 &1 if he ab/a9s f crime ?r\gh fe> ( fire1 he is n a good man1 b a bad man 9 *a9s4 #cdb--,leslie ,/eph54 ,:]e is ! seat ( au?ority = :at is moral8 ,?is is a v old "q4 ,manu1 ! ,indian law-giv]1 answ]s x 9 f\r ways3 ,x re/s on revelation 7scuti72 x re/s on tradition 7smriti72 x re/s on ! behavi\r ( good p2 &1 la/ly1 x re/s on inw>d satisfaction4 ,i believe t1 9 ! end1 ! la/ is ! supreme au?ority4 #cdc--;,f4 ,max ,mll]4 ,:atev] p[] ! ?reats ( puni%m5t & ! promises ( rew>d 9 an aft]-life may h _h 9 lawless & sup]/iti\s ages1 !y h n[ b ! smalle/ effect on conduct2 _! remot5ess exhau/s _! p[]1 &1 moreov]1 ! belief 9 !m is sl[ly decay+4444 ,all ! law & comm&m5ts are 9 ! ,gold5 ,rule2 all e?ics 9 ! tea*+ t1 if man be true to himself1 he _c be false to 8 fell[s4 #cdd--;,edw>d ,clodd4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! elaboration ( a morality :i* %\ld ex]cise a la/+ influ5ce is to base x ^u an asc]ta9$ tru?4444 ,! function ( e?ics is n s mu* ev5 to insi/ ^u ! defects ( man1 & to reproa* him ) 8 's9s1' z to act 9 ! positive direction by appeal+ to man's be/ in/9cts4444 ,x tells to man t1 if he desires to live a life 9 :i* all =ces--physical1 intellectual1 & emotional--%\ld f9d a full ex]cise1 he mu/1 once & = all1 ab&on ! idea t su* a life is atta9able on ! pa? ( disreg>d = o!rs4444 ,:at is want$ n[ is a new compreh5sion ( morality 9 its me?ods1 :i* mu/ be fre$ f bo? ! transc5d5tal survivals & ! n>r[ conceptions ( ,phili/9e utilit>ianism4 ,! importance ( mutual aid 9 ! evolution ( ! animal _w & human hi/ory may be tak5 z a positive e/abli%$ sci5tific tru?4444 ,mutual aid1 ju/ice1 morality1 are ?us ! consecutive /eps ( an asc5d+ s]ies1 reveal$ to u by ! /udy ( ! animal _w & man4 ,x is n some?+ impos$ f ! outside3 x is an organic necessity :i* c>ries 9 itself its own ju/ification4 #cde--,pr9ce ,kropotk94 ,we d n see any conv9c+ reason :y morals %\ld be bas$ ^u ! tea*+ ( a special d5om9ation1 9 face ( ! fact t we c be upright & brave )\t ! help ( a cre$ ) a ,god or deities at its o!r end4 #cdf--,pr(essor ,okakura4 ,i reg>d religion itself z q unnecess>y = a nation's life2 sci5ce is f> above sup]/ition2 & :at is religion1 ,buddhism or ,*ri/ianity1 b sup]/ition1 & !re=e a possible s\rce ( weakness to a nation8 ,i d n regret ! t5d5cy to free?\ght & a!ism1 :i* is almo/ univ]sal 9 ,japan1 because ,i d n reg>d x z a s\rce ( dang] to ! community4 #cdg--,m>quis ,ito4 ,c>d9al ,newman once said3 ',give me ! *ildr5 ( ,engl&1 & ,engl& %all be ,roman ,ca?olic4' ,we say3 ',put ! *ildr5 ( ,engl& "u ! be/ moral influ5ces1 & ,engl& %all be righte\s4' #cdh--,! ,moral ,in/ruction ,league4 ,,note ,,on ,,sy/ematic ,,moral ,,in/ruction4 ,a ,memorial 0 lately address$ to ! ,local ,education ,au?orities ( ! c\ntry4 ,among ! signatories are ,"l ,roseb]y1 ,"l ,rob]ts1 ,"l ,wolseley1 ,"l ,kelv91 ! ,ar*bi%ops ( ,cant]bury & ,york1 a numb] ( bi%ops1 ,g5]al ,boo?1 ,dr4 ,horton1 ,dr4 ,campbell1 ! ,vice-,*ancellors ( ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 etc4 ,!y recomm5d t ! eight or t5 ye>s ( s*ool life %\ld provide ! opportunity1 n only = imp>t+ k1 b = inculcat+ ^? habits ( self-re/ra9t1 consci5ti\sness1 fidelity1 hon\r1 & k9dness :i* are ne$ful alike = individual self-respect & national well-be+4 7,! ,code ( ,regulations = ,public ,elem5t>y ,s*ools #aijf has s9ce appe>$4 ,x /ates emphatically3 ,moral ,in/ruction %\ld =m an important "p ( e elem5t>y s*ool curriculum47 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge has urg$ ! same ?+ 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,at la/1 !n1 x has be5 influ5tially recognis$ t ^! ?+s are n taught 9 s*ools1 or1 if s1 are taught 9 an indiff]5t & unsy/ematic mann]4 ,:at a reflection ^u ,*ri/ian me?ods ( upbr++ hi!rto6 ,un=tunately1 c\pl$ ) ?is desire = effective moral tra9+1 ! signatories ( ! ,memorial express a hope t ,bible tea*+ w be cont9u$4 ,i say un=tunately1 because ! e?ical value ( ! ,bible is inextricably int]tw9$ ) sup]natural beliefs t are demon/rably false4 ,any tempor>y success ( su* tea*+1 :ile ! *ildr5 are /ill un9=m$ ( ! real nature ( ! ,bible1 w be heavily disc\nt$ 9 aft] ye>s--at a "t1 too1 :5 assi/ance f ! e?ical tea*+ ( *ildhood w be mo/ ne$$4 ,x is an un=tunate circum/ance t ! ,*ur* mu/ necess>ily be fe>ful reg>d+ ! sep>ation ( belief & morality--mu/ set h] face aga9/ non-!ological moral in/ruction4 ,x is no use disguis+ ! fact4 ,h] fe>s are p]fectly well f\nd$--su* tea*+ w\ld t5d to ! fur!r spread ( unbelief4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is equally cle> t1 if any tempor>y h>m comes ( ?is spread--a spread :i*1 9 any case1 _c be /opp$1 ?\gh x c be delay$--x w be because our *ildr5 h be5 taught t religi\s belief is ! *ief1 if n ! only1 sanction = ! moral life4 ,! ,*ur*1 9 fact1 w be directly responsible = ! evil4 ,is x n "t1 !n1 = all ?\ghtful m5 & wom5 to be up & do+8 ,is x n "t ! tru? %\ld be told8 ,9 ! foll[+ sections we %all see t ?is c\rse is advisable on e gr\nd4 #c4 ,%\ld ! ,tru? be ,told8 ,wise & prud5t conduct dem&s be=e all ?+s t we %\ld see ! facts z !y are2 & ^? are n lea/ among ,engl&'s help]s :o1 reg>dless ( consequ5ces1 9 all ages h taught h] *ildr51 by us+ _! reason1 to di/+ui% :at is false f :at is true4 #cdi ,presum+ t we h come to ! conclusion t ,*ri/ianity is n true1 are we to say s1 or are we to be sil5t8 ,a believ]1 ) ideas s advanc$ t 8 belief am\nts to little m ?an a rev]5t agno/icism conc]n+ ! fundam5tal dogmas ( ,*ri/ianity1 is /ill able to speak out1 because :ile he de/roys he also con/ructs4 ,he has new int]pretations ( ,*ri/ianity to (f] u4 ,! unbeliev] c (f] no su* int]pretations4 ,he simply believes ,*ri/ianity to be untrue1 &1 %\ld he give 8 reasons1 he kn[s he may p]suade o!rs to ?9k s also4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 x seems1 keep 8 unbelief to himself1 unless he is prep>$ to %[ t ! de/ruction ( belief w be b5eficial4 ,9 consid]+ ?is "q ( frank av[al ( our unbelief1 we mu/ n =get t1 try z we may to avoid x1 we are b\nd f "t to "t to f9d ourselves 9 a position :]e we h to *oose betwe5 tell+ ! tru? or tell+ a lie2 :ile our sil5ce1 or any manoeuvre ) int5t to deceive1 is "o cont9ual evasion ( ! tru?4 ,is x n "t1 z ,john ,morley urges1 #cej to ab&on ^? habits ( hypocritical con=mity & compliance :i* h fill$ ! air ( ! ,engl& ( to-day ) gross & obscure mi/s8 ,9 moral life tru? is our guide1 s t ! argum5ts = its repression mu/ be irrefutable4 ,n[1 if x c be %[n t ! objections to c&\r are m imag9>y ?an real1 n only are we robb$ ( ! excuse = fur!r concealm5t1 b we are morally b\nd to fly our true col\rs op5ly4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,%\ld x become pla9 to u t actual good w come ( tru?-tell+1 or t ! probable good f> outweighs ! possible evil1 x behoves u to take an active "p 91 or at lea/ to l5d our support to1 ! spread ( tru?4 7a7 ,,magna ,,e/ ,,v]itas ,,et ,,pr,,valebit4 ,"o v natural objection ( unbeliev]s1 :o are n actually disbeliev]s1 is t !re may be1 aft] all1 "s tru? 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,we f9d "h e %ade ( op9ion1 f t ( ! man :o /ill hopes t ,*ri/ianity may be prov$ true 9 all ess5tials1 to t ( ! man :o ?9ks t ,*ri/ianity may be ! symbol ( a tru?4 ,b1 ,i ask1 ,w n ,*ri/ianity1 if true 9 any %ape or =m1 b5efit by tru?-tell+8 ,w x n !reby assume its true =m1 :atev] t may ev5tually prove to be1 & is n t a consummation to be desir$8 ,_m believ]s /\tly ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ianity c be only /r5g!n$ by attack2 s t1 on ! face ( ?is ass]tion1 x w\ld appe> bo? ju/ifiable & desirable to take !m at _! ^w1 &1 )\t m ado1 proce$ to attack ,*ri/ianity4 ,c]ta9 x is t1 s f>1 ,rationali/ic attacks h done ine/imable good 9 disclos+ its errors 9 doctr9e & practice4 ,z ,mr4 ,morley cau/ically rem>ks1 ! ef=ts ( ! het]odox h taught ! ,*ur* to be bett] ,*ri/ians ?an !y 7 a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,if ,*ri/ianity1 purifi$ 9 ! cleans+ fire ( mod]n criticism1 be ! true fai?1 & ! !ory ( progressive revelation c be accept$1 are n ?is tru] fai? & ?is peculi>ly rapid progress ( revelation dur+ late ye>s ! product ( scepticism8 ,x is ! sceptics :o h succe$$ 9 =c+ ! ,*ur* to reconsid] h] doctr9es & discov] new tru?s1 &1 wond]ful z x may appe>1 !y h ?us be5 ,god's special in/rum5ts 9 ?is m p]fect revelation ( ,himself4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld y hesitate to speak out8 ,*ri/ianity evid5tly has to be re-/at$ if x is to survive1 & ?is re-/atem5t mu/ be complete1 = on x re/s ! only *ance ( reclaim+ ! unbeliev]1 ( arre/+ ! fur!r spread ( infidelity1 & ( conv]t+ ! cultur$ hea!n--! only *ance ( a univ]sal belief 9 ,god & ,immortality4 ,( ! result y h no cause = fe>4 ,if !re be a ,god1 ,he is a ,god ( ,tru?1 & ! ,tru? w prevail4 7b7 ,,obscurantism ,,has ,,_h ,,its ,,day4 ,! ,rev4 ,v4 ,f4 ,/orr1 at ! ,liv]pool ,*ur* ,congress 7#aijd71 advocat$ tell+ ! tru? reg>d+ e/abli%$ facts1 & ask$3 ,9 h[ _m pulpits are ! op5+ *apt]s ( ,g5esis frankly treat$ z leg5d>y8 ,h[ _m tea*]s 9 s*ools1 if call$ ^u to give a lesson on ! ,fall1 w\ld make pla9 to ! *ildr5 t ! framework ( ! /ory is imag9ative8 ,are n ! tea*]s creat+ = !m ! v difficulties :i*1 :5 !y come to mature ye>s1 w make %ipwreck ( _! fai?8 ,^! rem>ks 7 receiv$ 9 dead sil5ce by ! audi5ce1 & ! ,presid5t 0 vocif]\sly *e]$ :5 he ask$3 ,are we to tell ! *ildr5 t ^! n>ratives are m]e fables1 ) a moral tea*+1 or1 z ,dr4 ,wace says1 t !y are true & hi/orical1 only clo!d 9 an ,ea/]n symbolism8 ,i pref] to /& ) ,dr4 ,wace4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,dean ,f>r> advocat$ a diametrically opposite c\rse4 ,we mu/1 he said1 #cea vacc9ate !m ! *ildr5 ) criticism to save !m f ! small-pox ( scepticism4 ,8 successor at ,cant]bury has1 x w\ld appe>1 a consci5ti\s objection to ?is vacc9ation2 & well he may1 = x w\ld be f> m likely to promote ! disease ?an to be/[ immunity f x4 ,i %\ld m5tion t ,dr4 ,wace also said1 at ! same ,*ur* ,congress3 ,if ,i 7 on ,mr4 ,blat*=d's side1 & want$ to attack ,*ri/ianity1 ,i %\ld desire no?+ bett] ?an t ! results ( criticism conc]n+ ,g5esis1 z ^! results pr$om9ate ev5 9 ! mo/ sob] critical circles1 %\ld be adopt$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 because ?is w\ld af=d a means ( attack+ ,*ri/ianity ) great] =ce ?an any?+ else1 s9ce x w\ld enable me to />t ) ?is vantage-gr\nd1 t all ! ,jews & all ! apo/les--,i d>e n speak ( our ,"l--7 mi/ak5 9 _! view ( ,god's relation to ,8 own p4 ,obscurantism is !re=e recomm5d$ because ! purpose is a pi\s "o--namely1 to confute ! unbeliev] & to ma9ta9 ! ,fai?4 ,! anti-,*ri/ian mu/ be depriv$ ( 8 vantage-gr\nd by ! d5ial ( tru?4 ,x is ! old1 old /ory ( pi\s fraud1 ! ma9/ay ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,we are to imitate 7?\gh 9 a less] degree7 ! practices ( ! ,lat9 & ,greek ,*ur*es1 & cont9ue to play ^u p's cr$ulity & ignorance4 ,we are to und]/& t pi\s frauds are /ill consid]$ legitimate weapons to employ 9 ! def5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,surely su* weapons %\ld be all[$ to fall into disuse = ! simple reason--if on no high] gr\nds--t ! spread ( education is r5d]+ !m obsolete4 ,! days ( obscurantism are numb]$4 ,_m a man 9 ! work%op to-day kn[s m ab\t ! ,bible & ,*ur* hi/ory ?an _m a monk & bi%op a few g5]ations ago4 #ceb ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& _c %ut h]self 9 beh9d walls ( tott]+ traditions4 #cec ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs c no long] publi% _! own writ+s 9 ! names ( disciples & apo/les 9 ord] to insure _! acceptance4 ,evid5ce aga9/ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity c no long] be de/roy$ or suppress$ by p]secution4 ,miracles c no long] be work$1 except :]e p are /ill grossly cr$ul\s or ignorant4 ,true x is t passages ( ! ,bible c /ill be read 9 *ur* :i* e educat$ man kn[s to be 7to use a mild t]m7 unhi/orical1 & :i*1 to console 8 consci5ce1 he calls allegorical4 ,true1 9 our *ur*es1 ) b few exceptions1 ! :ite lie ( sil5ce is daily told4 ,b ev5 mild pi\s frauds ( ?is nature w soon be a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,! ,high] ,critics & ! advanc$ s*ool ( ! ,*ur* w see to x4 ,!y are beg9n+ to speak out--:y %\ld n y8 ,! obscuranti/ w\ld d well to take to he>t ! answ] ( ,bi%op ,col5so to ! cl]gyman :o reproa*$ him ) deprav+ "o ( 8 p>i%ion]s by criticisms ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,! blame1 he repli$1 w\ld be m fitt+ly atta*$ to ! tea*]s :o lead p to re/ _! fai? 9 ,god & duty on a f\ndation ( falsehood :i* e new wave ( ?\ght is sweep+ away4 #ced ,%all we1 to give a gl>+ in/ance ( pi\s ob/ruction1 rev]t to ! "t--n _m ye>s ago--:5 ! use ( an/hetics 9 surg]y 0 d5\nc$ f ! pulpit1 on ! gr\nd ( impiety8 ,i ?9k n4 ,n[adays "o c h>dly keep "o's c\nt5ance 9 recall+ ! words ( ^? :o s]i\sly1 &1 z !y ?\ght1 pi\sly1 said t !y w\ld r suff] any pa9 ?an ent] ! pres5ce ( _! ,mak] 9 a /ate ( intoxication4 ,we no long] li/5 to ^? :o w\ld =bid u ei!r to ta/e ! fruit ( ! ,tree ( ,k or to give x to o!rs4 ,obscurantism1 dogma's be/ fri5d1 is brea?+ its la/4 ,x c !re=e no long] be dep5d$ ^u4 7c7 ,,! ,,effect ,,on ,,morality4 ,anxiety ) reg>d to ! effect on morality1 private & public1 *iefly acc\nts1 no d\bt1 = ! pres5t conspiracy ( sil5ce4 ,i h already gone into ?is "q 9 "s detail1 #cee & we h se5 t belief & morality are n necess>ily ,siamese tw9s1 & t1 :5 ! belief is false1 & /ill m1 ( c\rse1 :5 x is suspect$ or kn[n to be false1 x is no long] ( any possible e?ical value1 b q ! rev]se4 ,%\ld y demur1 ,i h a "q to ask1 :i* is ?is3 ,n[ t1 :e!r we wi% x or no1 ! tru? ab\t ,*ri/ianity is fa/ leak+ out1 &1 consequ5tly1 disbelief is rapidly spread+1 h[ is x t y1 h[ is x t ! ,/ate1 h[ is x t ! majority outside ! ,*ur*1 display s peculi>ly little anxiety8 ,i confess ,i am at a loss to und]/&1 unless x be t y & !y h realis$ t morality is a ?+ ap>t f belief1 & !re=e feel t !re is little cause = uneas9ess4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an elem5t ( dang]1 &1 tempor>y ?\gh x may be1 x is sure1 if disreg>d$1 to affect ! private & public morality ( our own times4 7d7 ,,! ,,real ,,dang]4 ,! real dang] lurks1 :]e lea/ suspect$1 9 ! v me?od :i* y advocate z ! safe/--! me?od ( a gradual infiltration4 ,9 _m matt]s su* a me?od is und\bt$ly s\nd4 ,a re=mation involv+ a complete revolution 9 op9ions is be/ c>ri$ out gradually & t5tatively1 &1 9 ?is respect1 nature's sl[ processes ( evolution provide a useful lesson = ! too ard5t re=m]4 ,i d n sugge/ a cataclysm1 or suppose x possible4 ,b ,i d say t y\r infiltration process mu/ be c>efully wat*$ & t5d$1 al?\gh a policy ( ma/]ly inactivity & laissez-faire may appeal to y z ! easie/2 ,i d say ) ,mr4 ,trevelyan t true op9ions d n spread always1 & ( _! own =ce2 b sometimes1 & only by d9t ( c\rage\s av[al2 #cef ,i d say t 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance x is absolutely necess>y t1 side by side ) a k ( ! untru? ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 !re %\ld be inculcat$ a k ( ! true orig9 & ne$ ( morality2 ,i d say t ! infiltration process ne$ n & ought n to be prolong$ indef9itely1 & t ins9c]ity ( any k9d affects "* banefully2 ,i d say t y %\ld n all[ y\r *ildr5 to be taught a false belief & a false basis ( morality4 ,?is conspiracy ( sil5ce is z mi/ak5 & mis*iev\s z t by :i* boys & girls are all[$ to f9d out = !mselves :at !y %\ld h _h prop]ly put to !m by _! p>5ts & gu>dians4 ,:5 ! ,*ur* tea*+1 :5 ! dogmas conta9$ 9 ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles ( ,religion1 are remov$1 ! rational tea*+ mu/ take its place at once4 7e7 ,,! ,,consolations ,,( ,,belief1 ,,& ,,! ,,di/ress ,,we ,,may ,,cause ,,by ,,our ,,c&\r4 ,we _c /op to inquire h[ ?is or t private int]e/ w suff] :5 ! !ological mi/ has be5 dispell$4 ,:5 ma*9]y 0 inv5t$--or1 aga91 :5 slav]y 0 aboli%$--enorm\s int]e/s 7 affect$4 ,su* ?+s w always adju/ !mselves4 ,!re is "o difficulty1 h[ev]1 :i* we all feel v /rongly1 & :i* _c be pass$ ov] lightly4 ,we h to consid] ! di/ress ( m9d :i* ! tru? w cause to ^? :o /ill firmly believe1 & = :om _! religion is s great a consolation t to be robb$ ( x w\ld make life objectless--a dre>y des]t ( despair4 ,h we1 !n1 any "r to di/urb p's belief1 & to lac]ate _! feel+s8 ,x w\ld almo/ appe>1 z ,mr4 ,w9wood ,reade rem>ks1 t we c d no?+ t is exclusively & absolutely good4 ,le g5re huma9 n'e/ pas plac entre le bi5 et le mal1 mais entre le mal et le pire4 ,j z multitudes ( m>tyrs are n[ suff]+ 9 unhappy ,russia = ! sake ( its ev5tual re=m1 j z ?r\gh\t hi/ory mank9d owe _! elevation to mis=tune & _! happ9ess to mis]y1 s "h1 also1 x seems z if ! elevation & happ9ess 9 /ore = mank9d aft] _! lib]ation f sup]/ition c only be a*iev$ ?r\gh suff]+4 ,! revolution w be bloodless1 b x _c be altoge!r te>less4 ,let u see :e!r ! m5tal angui% w be z great z we imag9e1 & also :e!r x is n 9 ! p[] ( ea* "o ( u to adopt a l9e ( conduct :i* w t5d t[>ds a va/ r$uction 9 ! numb] ( ^? :o mu/ pass ?r\gh ! vale ( te>s4 ,are y & ,i any unhappi] ?an ! believ]8 ,_m ( u h gone ?r\gh an ordeal m or less sev]e be=e f9ally rel9qui%+ our *]i%$ beliefs4 ,i w speak ( t pres5tly4 ,b are we n[ any less happy ?an our fell[s :o are believ]s8 ,except = ! unhapp9ess :i* our outspok5 confession ( belief may h br\ght ^u u1 surr\nd$ z we are by believ]s & pr(ess+ believ]s1 ,i ?9k we c1 ) confid5ce1 say we are n2 :ile ?is possible cause ( unhapp9ess is precisely ! "o :i* w disappe> z soon z ! va/ multitude ( unbeliev]s agree to tell ! tru?4 ,no long] !n %all we seem1 z n[1 to be 9 a m9ority4 ,v good4 ,we are1 or %\ld be1 q z happy z believ]s2 may we n suppose t1 aft] ! effect ( a rude awak5+ f a beautiful dream has pass$ (f1 ! conv]t to unbelief w settle d[n into ! same condition ( m9d z ourselves8 ,we are free f anxiety reg>d+ ! t]rible fate t "s ( our ,*ri/ian bre?r5 /ill see fit to hold ov] u2 b 9 place ( _! anxiety conc]n+ an et]nal aft]-life1 :i* may be blissful or may be gruesome1 ! wor/ we expect is an et]nal peace--an undi/urb$ sleep1 su* z we hope = e night :5 we retire to re/4 ,aft] life's fitful fev] he sleeps well4 ,we are ,agno/ics1 &1 ?\gh "s may pres]ve an agno/icism conc]n+ ! cont9uance ( consci\sness aft] dea?1 we are all ( u resign$ to ! inevitable4 ,& if !re be no meet+ pa/ ! grave1 ,if all is d>kness1 sil5ce1 yet 'tis re/2 ,be n afraid1 ye wait+ he>ts t weep1 ,= ,god /ill give? 8 belovd sleep1 ,& if an endless sleep ,he wills1 s be/4 #ceg ,c we /ate x z our hone/ op9ion t ! consolations ( belief ent] into ! e-day life ( ! av]age man1 influ5c+ !reby 8 happ9ess8 ,we _c4 ,only on r>e occasions1 9 times ( b]eavem5t1 or 9 "t ( 8 own approa*+ dea?1 w he turn to 8 belief = consolation4 ,does he obta9 !n ! consolation he looks =8 ,aga9 ! answ] mu/ be 9 ! negative4 ,"h & !re we come across examples ( a happy resignation su* z we %\ld expect to f9d2 b usually x is f> o!rwise4 ,no "o nurses 8 grief long] ?an ! av]age ,*ri/ian2 no "o is m unwill+ to die--he is really m anxi\s to live ?an ,h9doo1 ,p>see1 ,mohamm$an1 or ,buddhi/ believ]1 or ,japanese ,agno/ic4 ,:e!r x be t ,agno/icism eng5d]s a _s ( resignation1 x is difficult to say2 b ! fact rema9s t no "o accepts ! ills ( life m *e]fully1 no "o meets 8 dea? m bravely1 ?an ! av]age ,agno/ic4 ,h[ (t5 "o he>s ( ! dea?s ( unbeliev]s q z beautiful 9 _! s]5e calm z ^? ( dev\t believ]s4 ,to give examples rec5tly be=e ! public1 we h ! he>t-/irr+ acc\nts ( ! la/ mom5ts ( two well-kn[n ,agno/ics1 ! late ,sir ,leslie ,/eph51 ! au?or ( ,an ,agno/ic's ,apology1 & ! late ,george ,jacob ,holyoake1 ! f\nd] ( ,secul>ism4 ,^! may be exceptional cases2 b su* are exceptional1 also1 among believ]s4 ,accord+ z a man is possess$ ( self-control1 or is naturally fe>less or resign$1 s w 8 conduct or feel+s be affect$4 ,we are speak+1 m9d y1 ( av]ages2 & ,i ma9ta9 t b]eavem5ts & dea? are met by ! av]age ,agno/ic ) z mu* resignation z by ! av]age ,*ri/ian :o has religi\s consolation to fall back ^u4 ,! fe> ( dea? supplies ! *ief motive = religion4 ,ev5 ! emotion call$ =? by ! dea? ( a fri5d is n solely ! feel+ ( ! loss4 ,x is p>tly because dea? has be5 br\ght v ne> to u4 ,n[1 z ! consolation af=d$ by religion 9 our la/ h\rs is cont9ually held up to u by ! prie/ z a rew>d = belief1 "o w\ld expect to f9d t occasions :]e ?is consolation 0 unnecess>y w\ld be few & f> betwe54 ,x is1 h[ev]1 q ! rev]se4 ,elim9at+ ! cases ( sudd5 dea?1 h[ seldom are ^! consolations ( utility8 ,inquire1 if y d\bt1 f any m$ical man :at are 8 exp]i5ces among ! dy+2 h[ _m are n ev5 aw>e t !y are dy+2 h[ _m are too mu* tak5 up ) _! physical suff]+s1 & too anxi\s to be reliev$ f !m1 to ?9k ( any?+ else2 h[ _m die 9 a space ( "t s brief1 reckon+ f ! mom5t :5 !y are fir/ made aw>e ( _! dy+ condition1 t ! case is practically "o ( sudd5 dea?2 h[ _m are unconsci\s f ! "t :5 _! life is fir/ 9 dang]2 h[ _m h ! k ( _! approa*+ dea? c>efully conceal$ f !m by k9d-he>t$ doctors & relations1 albeit bo? ! pati5t & 8 att5dants say !y believe 9 a supremely happy exi/5ce aft] dea?8 ,f> m (t5 ?an n ! religi\s consolation s frequ5tly & solemnly held up to u by ! prie/ z an inducem5t to believe is nev] enjoy$4 ,does x n furni% a damag+ comm5t>y on "o ( ! /ronge/ argum5ts = belief--! argum5t f religi\s consolation8 ,tak+ ^! facts into consid]ation1 we f9d ourselves able to approa* ! "q ( di/urb+ belief ) a some:at light] he>t4 ,/ill1 we h to rememb] t ^! hopes & fe>s1 s$ul\sly implant$ by ! ,*ur*1 h tak5 deep root4 ,c\ld we be sure ( impress+ believ]s ) our own convictions conc]n+ ! consolations ( religion1 all w\ld be well2 b we _c be sure4 ,"h lies ! crux4 ,! idea t !y are d]iv+1 & w d]ive1 consolation :5 ! dread mom5t is at h& has become f> too fix$ = pa9less extraction4 ,y may only succe$ 9 p>tially dive/+ !m ( _! belief1 mak+ !m ?or\ghly mis]able to no purpose2 or1 if y d succe$1 x may only be aft] y h put !m to consid]able m5tal di/ress4 ,:at is to be done1 !n8 ,x is a h>d "q4 ,feel+ ?is1 we give ! matt] up 9 despair1 & rema9 sil5t4 ,& s ! tru? :i* we might h spread1 ea* "o ( u 9 8 own circle1 rema9s unspok54 ,worse /ill1 ! untru? is p]petuat$ by p]mitt+ our *ildr5 to be br\ght up 9 ! false beliefs ( our believ+ fri5ds4 ,?is1 at lea/1 %\ld make u pause & reflect4 ,are we ju/ifi$ 9 keep+ sil5ce8 ,are we ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ no ef=t to save ! future g5]ation f m5tal di/ress1 or f :at is f> worse1 a demoralis+ indiff]5ce8 ,! dilemma is great1 b t is no reason = %irk+ x4 ,x mu/ be fac$1 & ! pros & cons c>efully weigh$4 ,is !re1 haply1 no middle c\rse t we may /e]8 ,we %\ld n unnecess>ily cause di/ress to ! ag$ :o h1 all _! days1 *]i%$ ?is belief1 :o h arriv$ at a "t ( life :5 ideas are n easily *ang$1 & :o feel t t life is n[ draw+ to a close1 & t !y n[ m ?an ev] require ! consolation !y h built _! hopes ^u4 ,we %\ld sp>e _! feel+s all we c2 b we mu/1 s x seems to me1 put bo? !m & ourselves to su* di/ress z may arise f tell+ !m pla9ly1 :5 absolutely necess>y1 t we d n believe 9 ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 & d n ?9k x "r to br+ up our *ildr5 to :at we consid] is a false belief4 ,we h se5 t religi\s tol]ance is ! gr[+ _s ( ! age1 t "s ( our greate/ div9es extol #ceh ! virtues ( ! ,agno/ic1 & condemn #cei obscurantism & ! odium !ologicum4 ,%all we !n1 aft] all1 9 ^! days1 cause s v mu* di/ress by our confessions ( unbelief8 ,z a rule1 ,i ?9k we %all n4 7f7 ,,c ,,we ,,alt] ,,p',s ,,beliefs8 ,ano!r objection to speak+ out is t we c nev] alt] p's beliefs4 ,_m well-kn[n ,agno/ics /ill hold ?is op9ion4 ,9 8 essay1 ,! ,religion ( ,all ,s5sible ,m51 ,sir ,leslie ,/eph5 expresses ?is op9ion 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,i d n wi% to und]rate mod]n progress2 b surely !re is some?+ grotesque 9 ! hypo!sis t ! av]age %opkeep] or artisan ( ! pres5t day is too clev] to believe 9 ! cre$s ( 8 =efa!rs4 ,i fancy t no "o has yet asc]ta9$ t ! bra9 ( to-day is m capaci\s ?an ! bra9s ( ! contempor>ies ( ,cs> or ,/4 ,paul4444 ,c y pi]ce 8 ! intellig5t citiz5's arm\r ( /olid indiff]5ce by argum5ts ab\t ! pr9ciple ( evolution & ! survival ( ! fitte/8444 ,! improbability t anci5t cre$s %\ld simply survive mu/1 !re=e1 dep5d ^u o!r conditions ?an ! increase ( ! av]age intellig5ce4444 ,i w\ld n conceal my own views1 b nei!r w\ld ,i feel anxi\s to ?ru/ !m ^u o!rs2 & = ! v simple reason t conv]sion appe>s to me to be an absurdity4 ,y _c *ange a man's ?\ghts ab\t ?+s z y c *ange ! books 9 8 libr>y4 #cfj ,) all due respect to ! late ,sir ,leslie ,/eph51 ,i cont5d t !re is "o gigantic fallacy und]ly+ ?is argum5t4 ,he =gets1 or appe>s to =get1 t beliefs are built ^u premises1 ! errors 9 :i* "o may be able to demon/rate absolutely )\t hav+ to ent] into le>n$ diss]tations on ! pr9ciple ( evolution4 ,he decl>es t he does n wi% to und]rate1 b he c]ta9ly does und]rate1 mod]n progress4 ,surely ! av]age %opkeep] or artisan ( ! pres5t day is capable ( und]/&+ t practically no?+ is left ( ! f\ndations ^u :i* 8 =efa!rs built _! beliefs2 t !y h crumbl$ away "u ! influ5ce ( a k t 0 n 9 ! possession ( ! contempor>ies ( ,cs> or ,/4 ,paul8 ,! laws ( ?\ght1 z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] says1 are ev]y:]e ! same1 & ! ideas ( a rational be+ are1 "u ! conditions 9 :i* !y occur1 rational4 #cfa ,x is ignorance1 c\pl$ ) sup]/ition1 t is at ! root ( all ! diff]5t beliefs ( mank9d4 ,sup]/ition may rema91 ?\gh ev5 ?is may be que/ion$1 consid]+ t p br\ght up f _! *ildhood z ,agno/ics are :olly devoid ( any sup]/iti\s or s-call$ religi\s in/9ct4 ,ignorance c 9 any case be dispell$1 & if ?is does n actually de/roy sup]natural beliefs1 x w at lea/ modify !m4 ,ev5 ! work+ man w n rema9 satisfi$ ) a !ology :i* ma9ta9s ! necessity = a f\ndation ( facts1 & yet is unable to prove !m4 ,!re=e1 confid5t ( ! utility1 let u unravel all t is cle>ly false 9 belief1 & dissem9ate ! result ( our inve/igations among our fell[s4 ,9 ?is way1 m5 :o are 9 all ess5tials seek+ ! same goal may be l$ to pursue1 if n ! same pa?1 yet at lea/ conv]g5t pa?s4 ,! common sophisms t x is useless to inquire too deeply into beliefs1 s9ce y w nev] arrive at ! absolute tru?1 & t y w nev] get two m5 to ?9k alike1 acc\nt = mu* ( ! preval5t indiff]5ce4 ,absolute tru? may always rema9 beyond ! k5 ( man2 b t is no reason :y he %\ld n g on try+ to get z ne> x z possible1 & ! fir/ /ep is ! elim9ation ( untru?4 7g7 ,,c ,,beliefs ,,be ,,useful ,,?\gh ,,false8 ,x is /range to f9d non-,*ri/ians argu+ t ! p]si/5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian belief is a sign ( its utility2 x is no m s ?an x is ( its tru?4 ,*ri/ianity did n make good m5 :at !y are1 b good m5 h made ,*ri/ianity :at x is4 ,besides1 a false belief _c possibly s]ve a good purpose aft] its real "* has become kn[n4 ,mr4 ,field+ urges #cfb t :atev] exi/s1 :atev] p]si/s1 does s because x fills a want1 because x is ( use4 ,he po9ts 8 argum5t by allud+ to ! fact t :5 any?+ is useless x atrophies1 & he in/ances h[ ! snake & ! :ale h lo/ _! legs1 human k9d _! hairy sk9 & ke5] s5se ( smell1 & s on4 ,9 ?is simile he is mak+ an ass]tion :i* begs ! "q4 ,he assumes t sup]natural belief is n an atrophi$ organ2 ! ,rationali/ cont5ds t x is1 & t x has be5 prov$ to be s4 ,belief1 inde$1 is /rik+ly analog\s to an organ :i*1 ow+ to its hav+ no fur!r useful purpose1 has atrophi$ & become rudim5t>y4 ,x may h s]v$ "s purpose 9 bygone ages2 b n[1 9 its pres5t /ate1 x is a s\rce ( weakness1 l ! spl9t bone ( a horse--or r ( dang]1 l ! v]mi=m app5dage ( man4 ,! analogy1 =tunately1 does n hold good 9 e respect1 = a false belief is an app5dage ( human nature :i* c be safely1 ?\gh p]haps n always pa9lessly1 remov$4 ,inde$1 x is an op5 "q :e!r all religion 79 its !ological s5se7 is n an uness5tial quality :i* has be5 me*anically atta*$ to x1 & :i*1 consequ5tly1 x may at any "t ?r[ (f )\t exp]i5c+ any s]i\s loss4 #cfc 7h7 ,,is ,a ,,new ,,religion #cfd ,,requir$8 ,if ! latt] be a correct e/imate ( ! place religion occupies 9 man's nature1 x furni%es a reply to "o ( ! objections to ,agno/ic propag&a--! objection t1 be=e we disc>d an exi/+ belief1 we mu/ be prep>$ to sub/itute a new belief 9 its place4 ,x is ?is objection t has giv5 rise to ^? speculative philosophies :i* ! common s5se ( ! va/ majority has rightly decid$ are unsatisfactory2 a decision t ! ,*ur* has n unnaturally seiz$ ^u z a triumphant v9dication ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,aga9/ ?is objection to militant ,rationalism1 ?is plea = sil5ce1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to ent] my prote/ 9 ! weighty words ( a well-kn[n writ]4 ,x is alleg$1 says ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion1 t1 be=e exi/+ belief is di/urb$1 ! iconocla/ is b\nd to provide a sub/itute = ! %att]$ idol4 ,to ?is we may reply t spee* or sil5ce does n alt] ! reality ( ?+s4 ,! recognition ( tru? _c be made dep5d5t on consequ5ces1 or be trammell$ by consid]ations ( spuri\s exp$i5cy4 ,its decl>ation 9 a s]i\s & suitable mann] to ^? :o are capable ( judg+ c nev] be premature4 ,its suppression _c be effectual1 & is only a humiliat+ compromise ) consci\s impo/ure4 ,9 s f> z morality is conc]n$1 belief 9 a sy/em ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 al?\gh ( an int5sely degrad$ "*1 may1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 h promot$ obs]vance ( ! lett] ( ! law 9 d>k] ages1 & ev5 9 our own times2 b x may1 we ?9k1 be %[n t education & civilisation h done inf9itely m to en=ce its _s4 ,h[ f> ,*ri/ianity has promot$ education & civilisation we %all n "h v5ture adequately to discuss4 ,we may emphatically ass]t1 h[ev]1 t :atev] b5eficial effect ,*ri/ianity has produc$ has be5 due1 n to its sup]natural dogmas1 b to its simple morality4 ,dogmatic !ology1 on ! contr>y1 has ret>d$ education & imp$$ sci5ce4444 ,ev5 n[ ! friction ( !ological resi/ance is a con/ant wa/e ( intellectual p[]4444 ,! *oice ( a noble life is no long] a !ological "q1 & ecclesia/ical pat5ts ( tru? & uprightness h f9ally expir$4 ,morality1 :i* has ev] *ang$ its complexion & modifi$ its injunctions accord+ to social requirem5ts1 w necess>ily be en=c$ z "p ( human evolution1 & is n dep5d5t on religi\s t]rorism or sup]/iti\s p]suasion4 ,if we are dispos$ to say3 ,cui bono8 & only practise morality1 or be rul$ by "r pr9ciples1 to ga9 a heav5 or escape a hell1 !re is no?+ lo/1 = su* a grudg+ & calculat$ morality is m]ely a spuri\s imitation :i* c z well be produc$ by social compulsion4 #cfe ,if1 z ,george ,eliot once pi?ily rem>k$1 y feel no motive to common morality b a crim9al b> 9 heav51 y are decid$ly a man = ! police on e>? to keep _! eye ^u4 7i7 ,,:y ,,be ,,s ,,impati5t ,,( ,,error8 ,!re is "o m argum5t aga9/ militant ,rationalism :i* dem&s our att5tion4 ,:y %\ld we be s impati5t ( error8 asks ,sir ,leslie ,/eph54 ,! enorm\s majority ( ! race has1 on any hypo!sis1 be5 plung$ 9 sup]/itions ( v>i\s k9ds1 &1 on ! :ole1 x has f\nd t x c\ld ?rive & be dec5tly happy & cont5t$ 9 its ignorance4 ,sci5ce decl9es to accept cata/rophes2 & no cata/rophe w\ld be m />tl+ ?an a sudd5 disp]sal ( ! mi/s t h obscur$ ! human intellig5ce = s _m ages4 ,if !y gr[ a little ?9n] 9 our "t1 we may well be cont5t2 b is x n *ildi% to be impati5t ab\t ! rate ( developm5t ( ^! va/ secul> age-long processes8 ,:y be 9 su* a hurry to '*ange ! errors ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome = ^? ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,future'8 #cff ,i hope ,i h already answ]$ ?is "q to ! satisfaction ( "s at lea/ ( my read]s4 ,i h %[n t !re is a v real dang] 9 fur!r concealm5t--9 keep+ up ! f>ce4 ,b let ?is pass4 ,! reason :y we %\ld be impati5t ( error--:y ! tru? %\ld be told--is t ! elim9ation ( error w u%] 9 an era ( great] happ9ess4 ,9 ord] t we may ! m cle>ly p]ceive ?is1 ,i %all n[ conclude ?is book ) a rapid survey ( ! argum5ts = ,rationalism4 #d4 ,! ,outlook4 ,:5 ,rationalism reigns supreme1-- #a4 ,morality w be f\nd$ on a firm basis4 ,its orig9 & necessity be+ bett] und]/ood1 x w also be bett] practis$1 :e!r 9 comm]ce1 9 politics1 or 9 our social relations--i4e41 bo? 9 our public & 9 our private conduct4 ,also ! pres5t atmosph]e ( religi\s ins9c]ity w be cle>$4 ,reliev$ ( ?is temptation to deceive our neighb\r & ev5 ourselves1 our moral fibre w be /r5g!n$1 & we %all be f> less likely to be hypocrites 9 o!r matt]s4 #b4 ,social evils w /& a bett] *ance ( be+ r$ress$4 #c4 ,all religi\s intol]ance w disappe> once & = all4 #d4 ,an era ( peace & happ9ess may at la/ be realis$1 because ! me?ods ( its atta9m5t w be sci5tific & rational4 ,we %all h recognis$ ! fact t a gospel :i* proclaims a sword & et]nal damnation _c at ! same "t be a gospel ( good tid+s1 _c br+ ,peace on e>?1 goodwill t[>ds m54 ,x may be said t su* optimism is absurd1 b is x really s8 ,morality4--,h we n se5 #cfg t morality c be taught ap>t f belief1 &1 inde$1 t x is bett] s taught8 ,may we n reasonably expect1 !re=e1 t morality w advance side by side ) ,rationalism8 ,9 ! fam\s words ( ,kant1 ,! dea? ( dogma is ! bir? ( morals4 ,our moral progress has n be5 *eck$ by ! ma*9ations ( devils1 b r by our belief 9 su* p]sonages4 ,also by our ignorance--ignorance ( ! orig9 & purpose ( morality1 ignorance ( ! true causes ( immorality1 ignorance ( ! laws ( h]$ity & environm5t4 ,sci5ce is ! good fairy :o w assi/ moral weakl+s1 & r$uce _! numb]s 9 succe$+ g5]ations4 ,sup]natural religion 0 p]haps a phase ?r\gh :i* humanity _h to grope t[>ds ! light ( reason & k4 ,b we are n[ fac+ ! dawn ( t bett] & happi] day :5 piety %all be conf9$ )9 ! sph]e ( ! natural1 :5 morals %all be look$ ^u & cultivat$ z ess5tial conditions ( a truly bless$ social life1 & :5 all mank9d %all aim1 n at imag9>y happ9ess 9 a purely imag9>y realm1 b at real prosp]ity 9 a pr(\ndly real _w4 ,?is w\ld be ! exaltation1 n de/ruction1 ( morality2 ! glorification1 n annihilation1 ( ! s5se ( responsibility2 ! en?ronem5t1 n repudiation1 ( ! joy ( altrui/ic s]vice4 #cfh ,social ,problems4--,broad-m9d$ div9es are n[ exalt+ ! s]vice ( man z x has nev] be=e be5 exalt$4 ,s]ve m51 !y say1 & y w f9d ,god4 ,help m51 & ,*ri/ is "h4 #cfi ,! te/ ( ,*ri/ianity is1 ,canon ,wilson in=ms u1 ! resolve & ! p[] ( ,*ri/ians to solve social problems4 ,if ! ,bible inspires ,*ri/ians ) ! zeal & ! wisdom & ! love ne$$ = ?is task1 no "o w dispute its claims to be v]ily '! ,^w ( ,god4' #cgj ,?is inspiration to improve ! lot ( our fell[-creatures furni%es1 we are told1 ! f9al te/ ( ! ,bible's tru?4 ,we are entitl$ to ask1 !re=e1 ,h[ comes x t ! inspiration has hi!rto s signally fail$ to manife/ itself1 & t x only appe>s n[ :5 ! aspirations ( ! democracy c no long] be disreg>d$8 ,to give an example f hi/ory1 did n slav]y fl\ri% side by side ) ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*8 #cga ,0 x n aboli%$ only :5 ! fur!r developm5t ( humanit>ian pr9ciples caus$ m5's he>ts to rebel aga9/ its cruelty & inju/ice8 ,! ,*ur* is at la/ devot+ m att5tion to social evils & to ! removal ( _! causes4 ,:at has taught h] ?is duty if x be n ! gr[+ _s ( nationalism8 #cgb ,! ,*ur* has be5 =c$1 z x 71 to keep pace ) ! rise ( ,rationalism4 ,x is h] only *ance ( prolong+ h] exi/5ce4 ,h] new attitude 9 ?is respect w und\bt$ly be ! means ( confus+ ! issue--! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity--= "s ye>s to come4 ,!re=e x is t1 :ile ?ankful = ! improvem5t1 x is our b\nd5 duty to expose ! real tru? ( ! matt]--to see t ,rationalism is n robb$ ( its due me$ ( praise1 t ! m]it ( ! improvem5t is ascrib$ to its prop] s\rce4 ,also we are to see t ! process ( improvem5t is n delay$4 ,und\bt$ly ! progress ( ,rationalism w ultimately involve important *anges 9 political in/itutions & philosophic !ories2 b x is ! cure ( social evils :i* _c be wr\ght too soon4 ,9 proportion z we accept ! natural & reject ! sup]natural diagnosis ( social diseases s %all we alleviate & possibly cure !m4 ,religi\s ,tol]ance4--,h we n se5 t religi\s intol]ance has be5 ! evil g5ius :i* ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity has be5 an enemy ( progress & a lively cause ( /rife & mis]y8 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has be5 m cruel & %$ m human blood ?an any o!r ,*ur* or in/itution 9 ! _w4 ,let ! ,jew alone be> witness among ! cr[d ( victims4 #cgc ,also1 ,*ri/ians1 9 ! c\rse ( _! inte/9e diss5sions1 h inflict$ f> great] sev]ities on ea* o!r ?an !y h ev] exp]i5c$ f ! zeal ( infidels4 #cgd ,*ri/ians h burnt ea* o!r1 q p]suad$ ,t all ! ,apo/les w\ld h done z !y did4 ,to-day1 despite ! rise & influ5ce ( ,rationalism 9 ,europe1 racial & religi\s prejudice are c]ta9ly pres5t among u1 & !y =m a lat5t s\rce ( cruelty & inju/ice :i* c at any "t1 if we are weak en\gh or wick$ en\gh to give x free play1 /a9 ! l& ) ! mo/ amaz+ oppressions4 #cge ,religi\s animus1 ev5 9 a c\ntry prid+ itself on its tol]ant _s1 has by no means burnt itself out4 ,d we n see x fl>+ up aga9 9 ! ,w> ( ! ,kirks1 ! ,education controv]sy1 & ! argum5ts = ! ret5tion ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$8 ,x is necess>y1 z ,buckle obs]ves1 #cgf t m5 %\ld le>n to d\bt1 be=e !y beg9 to tol]ate2 & t !y %\ld recognise ! fallibility ( _! own op9ions1 be=e !y respect ! op9ions ( _! oppon5ts4 ,we may nev] entirely agree on que/ions t are = ! pres5t at lea/ %r\d$ 9 my/]y2 b1 ?\gh ! old adage1 ,quot hom9es1 tot s5t5ti1 may rema9 true = all "t1 wide diff]5ces ( op9ion w disappe>1 & ) !m ! odium !ologicum4 ,!re c only be intol]ance :]e belief is dogmatic1 & t ! religion ( ! future w nev] be4 ,! unc]ta9ty1 ! reasons :y o!rs may n be able to accept ?is or t philosophic speculation1 w be recognis$4 ,if any discov]ies await u1 we are sure1 at all ev5ts1 t !y w n confirm a dogma t w\ld consign ! great] portion ( ! human race to unspeakable & et]nal torm5t2 !y w n confirm ,*ri/'s description ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 :5 ! ,son ( ,man is to say3 ,dep>t f me1 ye curs$1 into ev]la/+ fire1 prep>$ = ! ,devil & 8 angels4 ,x is ! fa%ion n[adays = ,latitud9>ians to expla9 away ev]y?+ t appe>s too incongru\s or v9dictive1 & ! ^w ev]la/+ is said to be a mi/ranslation2 b ! mean+ ( "o at lea/ ( ! say+s attribut$ to ,jesus is only too cle>3 ,_m are call$1 b few are *os5 7,matt4 xxii4 #ad47 ,:at1 !n1 is to become ( ! _m8 ,if we are to believe ! ,^w ( ,god1 _! awful fate1 tempor>y or o!rwise1 is c]ta9--,:osoev] 0 n f\nd writt5 9 ! book ( life 0 ca/ into ! lake ( fire 7,rev4 xx4 #ae72 or aga91 ,& %all ca/ !m into a furnace ( fire3 !re %all be wail+ & gna%+ ( tee? 7,matt4 xiii4 #db74 ,x is cruel doctr9es ( ?is k9d t h arre/$ ! gr[? ( love & pity1 & ,rationalism is !re=e ! sworn enemy ( su* doctr9es1 z well z ( ! religi\s intol]ance :i* spr+s f !m4 ,peace4 #cgg--;,9 an address by ! late ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 :5 ,bi%op ( ,london1 deliv]$ at ! ,polyte*nic1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 #cgh we are pres5t$ ) an argum5t ( ,*ri/ian apologetics1 ! weight ( :i* re/s ^u ! presumption t ,*ri/ did n wi% ! ,*ur* to beg9 ) any blood%$6 ,x is sometimes que/ion$1 said ,dr4 ,temple1 by ^? :o w\ld ?r[ discr$it ^u ! n>rative1 t our ,"l tells !m ! disciples to g into ,galilee1 & yet ,he int5d$ to see !m t ev5+4 ,b ! :ole ?+ is p]fectly cle> to ^? :o consid] ! circum/ances4 ,our ,"l appe>$ to !m 9 ! ev5+1 & !re c be no d\bt t ,he int5d$ to d s ev5 :5 ,he told ^! wom5 t !y 7 to desire all ! disciples to g d[n into ,galilee4 ,b x 0 ( great importance t !re %\ld be no ga!r+ ( ! disciples 9 ,j]usalem1 because ! inevitable result w\ld h be5 an al>m on ! "p ( ! ,jews1 & ,pontius ,pilate w\ld h be5 compell$1 9 ord] to keep ! city p]fectly quiet1 to disp]se su* an assembly by =ce2 & x is likely en\gh t ! ,*ur* w\ld h begun ) blood%$4 ,b our ,"l did n *oose to h any su* beg9n+4 ,he told !m all to g into ,galilee4 ,are !re any gr\nds = ?is presumption1 any gr\nds = presum+ t ,god ev] wi%es to prev5t blood%$8 ,none :atev] f a /udy ( hi/ory4 ,none :atev] f a /udy ( ! ,bible4 ,none :atev] f a /udy ( ,*ri/'s own words3 ,?9k n t ,i am come to s5d peace on e>?2 ,i came n to s5d peace1 b a sword4 ,look at ! pres5t day6 ,we live 9 a "t1 exclaims ! ,kais]1 #cgi 9 :i* e "y ,g]man capable ( be>+ arms mu/ be ready to /ep =w>d = 8 ,fa!rl&4 ,! signs ( ! times make x ! duty ( ! nation to /r5g!n its def5ces aga9/ unrighte\s attacks4 #chj ,hi/ory1 view$ z a :ole1 says ,major ,/ew>t ,murray1 #cha w>n+ly1 is no?+ b a succession ( /ruggles = exi/5ce among rival nations1 9 :i*1 9 ! long run1 only ! /rong arm$ survive4 ,simil> notes ( w>n+ are e*o+ & re-e*o+ ?r\gh ! l5g? & bread? ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,is ?is no reflection ^u ,*ri/ianity's p[] = good8 ,look at ! picture6 ,*ri/ian nations all arm$ to ! tee?1 ) _! p[d] dry & _! swords ke51 ea* di/ru/ful ( ! o!r1 ea* ready to spr+ at ! o!r's ?roat4 ,:at has ! ,rationali/ to say to ?is /ate ( ?+s8 ,:at rem$y does he propose to apply8 ,! prophets =etell t we c look =w>d to ! abolition ( w> only :5 ! eng9es ( de/ruction--fly+ %ips arm$ ) weapons ( dea?1 = example--are ( s fe>ful a nature t x w at la/ be br\ght home to mortals t ?is clumsy & b>b>\s ma*9e = settl+ disputes is too absurd1 too suicidal = fur!r employm5t4 ,b ne$ we wait long we>y ye>s1 burd5$ ) ! ?\s& & "o curses ( w> & milit>ism1 #chb till ?is supreme horror has be5 inv5t$8 ,9 ! resolution adopt$ at ! ,f\rte5? ,peace ,congress #chc we f9d ! foll[+ /irr+ appeal3 ,we are beg9n+ to und]/& t ! rights ( ! citiz5 )9 ! ,/ate c only be fully respect$ :51 by ! e/abli%m5t ( int]national juridical ord]1 absolute security %all be obta9$ = all nations4 ,! dem& = ?is int]national security is becom+ daily m urg5t1 on ! "o h& because mod]n progress b9ds toge!r millions ( ! mo/ div]se int]e/s1 on ! o!r h& because ! /ream ( democracy1 or :at x w\ld be m prop] to call ! aspirations ( ! masses ( ! p aft] happ9ess1 is ris+ cont9ually 9 an imm5se & irresi/ible flood4 ,int]national security c only be assur$ by f$]ation2 s f$]ation w come ab\t1 = x is indisp5sable z lib]ty to ! citiz51 z air to ! lungs4 ,b x behoves u to see t x comes be=e we are laid 9 ! tomb4 ,:at we ought to lab\r = ) an unre/+ ard\r is t f$]ation %\ld be accompli%$ :ile we are yet alive1 s t we may n be ?w>t$ ( ! legitimate %>e ( happ9ess t belongs to u "h bel[4 ,yes1 ?is /rikes ! "r *ord2 b be=e ! hopes ( ^! peace en?usia/s c be fulfill$ ,rationalism mu/ h advanc$ consid]ably fur!r ?an x has up to ! pres5t4 ,at ! ?ird ,national ,peace ,congress held at ,birm+ham on ,june #ac? & #ad?1 #aijf1 ! op9ion 0 express$ t ! ,k+ & ! work+ classes 7 already on ! side ( peace1 & x only rema9$1 !re=e1 to conv]t ! ,*ur* & ! middle classes4 ,h[ are we to set ab\t _! conv]sion8 ,ev5 if we c\ld p]suade ! ,*ur* t w> 0 n an ess5tial to ! welf>e ( nations1 we c\ld h>dly expect h] to agree ) u at pres5t ei!r z to ! cause or ! cure ( ! evil4 ,! prime cause ( w> is ,nature's cruel law1 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce2 & ! ,rationali/'s proposals = its alleviation run c\nt] to ! tea*+s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= ?is among o!r cog5t reasons1 ,i conceive t x behoves u to see t ! tru? ab\t ,*ri/ianity be kn[n be=e we are laid 9 ! tomb1 & t :at we ought to lab\r = ) an unre/+ ard\r is t ?is %\ld be accompli%$ :ile we are yet alive1 s t we may n be ?w>t$ ( ! legitimate %>e ( happ9ess t belongs to u "h bel[4 ,! close association ( w> & religion has nev] ceas$ to act = ! injury ( mank9d4 ,! ,"l ( ,ho/s1 ! ,"l mighty 9 battle1 is expect$ to take int]e/ 9 blood%$ r ?an 9 ! pursuits ( peace1 & to be always ready to jo9 9 ! fray--to fight = ,8 ,p2 bo? sides1 be x rememb]$1 claim+ ,8 assi/ance4 ,true ,*ri/ianity owns z its ,ma/] a ,pr9ce ( ,peace2 b 9 no p>ticul> has its failure 9 practice be5 m m>k$ ?an 9 its impot5cy to c>ry out ?is1 "o ( its *ief missions4 ,:y8 ,ap>t f religion be+ frequ5tly ! actual occasion ( ! /rife1 #chd is x n because x has always m$dl$ 9 politics1 always support$ rul]s 9 _! ambitions1 9 _! l&-hung]8 ,is x n because religion has too (t5 submitt$ to be a 'kept' prie/ to bless or ban z ! passion or self-int]e/ ( its employ] dictat$8 #che ,x is z futile z x is ins9c]e = a ,ts> #chf to prea* peace1 :5 he1 or r 8 c\nsellors1 are imbu$ ) a hung] = o!r p's prop]ty1 &1 hypocrites t !y are1 hide _! real motives "u ! cloak ( religion1 call+ x1 =soo?1 ! spread+ ( a ,*ri/ian civilisation4 ,e ,rationali/1 e ,free?9k]1 is an hone/ advocate ( peace4 #chg ,he is n s irrational1 s immoral ,i might say1 z to propose ! settlem5t ( disputes by arbitration1 & at ! same "t to ent]ta9 nef>i\s projects calculat$ to r5d] ?is me?od impracticable4 ,s long z ,*ri/ian nations rema9 unm9dful ( ! ,t5? ,comm&m5t1 he ackn[l$ges ) sorr[ t we mu/ cont9ue arm$ & ready to d battle2 b he looks =w>d ) confid5ce to ! day :5 !re w be su* an ov]:elm+ body ( m5 e>ne/ly & s9c]ely desir\s ( peace t w> w be impossible1 simply because ! prepond]at+ voice ( ea* & e nation w be aga9/ x--w seek peace & ensue x4 ,he anticipates a "t :5 m5 w realise t !y are n only citiz5s ( ?is or t c\ntry1 b fell[ citiz5s also on ! same planet4 #e4 ,conclud+ ,rem>ks4 ,an em95t !ologian tells u3 ,reason is ! only faculty we h :]e) to judge conc]n+ any?+1 ev5 ,revelation itself4 #chh ,h[ is x1 !n1 t ,religioni/ & ,rationali/ arrive at su* contr>y conclusions8 ,! explanation is simple en\gh3 ! ,religioni/ tru/s1 ! ,rationali/ di/ru/s1 8 emotions4 ,:i* is 9 ! "r8 ,! survival ( religi\s belief w l>gely dep5d ^u ! view m5 may ultimately take ^u ?is "q4 ,:e!r religion be no m ?an morality t\*$ by emotion1 z ,mat!w ,arnold def9es x1 #chi or :e!r all religions are only diff]5t ways ( express+ a reality :i* transc5ds exp]i5ce & correct expression1 we _c1 on t acc\nt1 accept dogmas t are untrue2 we _c pret5d t a sup]natural revelation has be5 v\*saf$ to u4 ,we may surmise1 z ,sir ,h5ry ,?ompson suppos$1 t ! et]nal & inf9ite en]gy beh9d ph5om5a is :at we call ,god2 b we h to admit t ?is ,god is an unkn[n ,god1 & t all attempts to unravel ! my/]y t surr\nds our own fate are ! m]e/ guesses 9 ! d>k4 ,does a surmise--a belief if y w h x s--( ?is k9d af=d any religi\s satisfaction8 ,if ?is ,et]nal ,en]gy possesses :at we %\ld call a m9d1 c we wor%ip a ,supreme ,intellig5ce ,:i* /oops n ei!r to bless or ban1 ,weav+ ! wo( ( an endless plan8 ,c we wor%ip ! ,unkn[n8 ,c we1 l ! ,a!nians ( old1 erect alt>s to ! ,unkn[n ,god8 ,i tr[ n4 ,! age ( ignorance & sup]/ition is sl[ly1 b none ! less surely1 pass+ away1 nev] aga9 to return4 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge believes #cij 9 ! ultimate intelligibility ( ! univ]se1 & ) ?is op9ion _m ( u w agree4 ,p]haps our pres5t bra9s may require consid]able improvem5t be=e we c grasp ! deepe/ ?+s by _! aid1 or p]haps !y w suffice z !y are1 & only a fur!r acquisition ( k may be requir$4 ,9 any case1 "o sees no reason :y1 because we h no acceptable !ory ( life or ( dea? n[1 we mu/ !re=e be equally ignorant _m c5turies1 or ev5 a s+le c5tury1 h5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is1 ( c\rse1 q possible t ^! my/]ies may rema9 = ev] unexpla9$4 ,x may transpire t ,haeckel's assumption ( a monism 9 ! physical _w1 & 8 id5tification ( vital =ce ) ord9>y physical & *emical =ces1 are incorrect4 ,x may transpire t ,pr(essor le ,conte 0 wrong 9 reg>d+ vital =ce z j s mu* )drawn f ! g5]al fund ( *emical & physical =ces4 ,radio-activity & ! cyanic !ory #cia may n furni% a satisfactory solution ( ! problem ( ! fir/ appe>ance ( life ^u ?is globe4 ,b "o ?+1 at all ev5ts1 our pres5t k seems cle>ly to indicate3 ! solution ( ! problem _c be 9 accord ) ! ,*ri/ian dogmas4 ,%\ld ! secrets ( our exi/5ce /ill lie conceal$ 9 ! womb ( "t1 _! bir? w be ! dea?1 n ! r5asc5ce1 ( ! dy+ cre$s ( to-day4 ,mean:ile our pres5t c\rse is cle>ly def9$3 we %\ld se>* out & expose all false premises ( belief4 ,only 9 ?is way c we hope to arrive a little ne>] to ! ultimate tru?4 ,also1 :at is ( mu* great] consequ5ce1 :5 all t is demon/rably untrue 9 ! _w's beliefs has be5 po9t$ out & ackn[l$g$1 believ]s & unbeliev]s w be 9 f> bett] accord conc]n+ all t is vital to ! well-be+ ( ! human race4 ,we _c1 z ,mr4 ,trevelyan p]t95tly rem>ks1 #cib alt] ! nature ( ! ,unkn[n by conceiv+ x to be o!r ?an t :i* x is2 b we c get a wrong basis = e?ics1 & a false s5tim5tal outlook on ev]y?+1 by reason ( false beliefs4 ,by all means let ^? :o c1 cont9ue to *]i% ! l>g] hope--:y %\ld !y n1 :ile all is unkn[n8--& let ! metaphysicians cont9ue to translate _! wi%es & aspirations into philosophical language2 b ! guid+ _s 9 human affairs %\ld be1 & "o day w be1 a sci5tific humanit>ianism work+ on rational pr9ciples = ! peace & happ9ess ( all mank9d4 ,r+ out ! grief t saps ! m9d ,= ^? t "h we see no m2 ,r+ out ! feud ( ri* & poor1 ,r+ 9 r$ress to all mank9d4 ,r+ out a sl[ly dy+ cause1 ,& anci5t =ms ( p>ty /rife2 ,r+ 9 ! nobl] modes ( life1 ,) sweet] mann]s1 pur] laws4 ,r+ out false pride 9 place & blood1 ,! civic sl&] & ! spite2 ,r+ 9 ! love ( tru? & "r1 ,r+ 9 ! common love ( good4 ,r+ out old %apes ( f\l disease1 ,r+ out ! n>r[+ lu/ ( gold2 ,r+ out ! ?\s& w>s ( old1 ,r+ 9 ! ?\s& ye>s ( peace4 ,,app5dix ,*apt] ,i4 ,p4 #e1 l9es #ab-ad4--,! ,cop]nican sy/em 0 gradually accept$1 & s 7 ! discov]ies :i* foll[$ up to fifty ye>s ago4 ,cop]nicus's book1 ,! ,revolution ( ! ,cele/ial ,bodies1 0 pr9t$ a few days be=e 8 dea?1 9 #aedc4 ,! sy/em 0 condemn$ by a decree ( ,pope ,paul ,v41 9 #afaf1 :i* 0 n revok$ till #ahah by ,pius ,,vii4 ,! great ,kepl] 7d4 #afcj7 0 an a/rolog] z well z a/ronom]1 & ?\ght ! />s 7 guid$ by angels4 ,:ile 8 m9d _h a /rong grasp ( positive sci5tific tru?1 x also _h an irresi/ible t5d5cy t[>ds my/ical speculation4 ,9 ^? days ,sci5ce & ,religion 7 easily reconcil$4 ,x 0 =tunate = ,newton t he made 8 discov]y ( ! law ( gravitation 9 a r m enlight5$ age & c\ntry1 o!rwise he w\ld inevitably h %>$ ! t]rible fate ( ,giordano ,bruno at ! h&s ( ! ,*ur*'s emiss>ies4 ,ev5 9 ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury ! light ( sci5ce _h h>dly got beyond ! fir/ glimm]+ ( dawn4 ,ma!matics & a/ronomy 7 ! only sci5ces :i* _h pass$ into ! positive & f9al /age4 ,*emi/ry1 geology1 biology1 hi/orical criticism1 7 n yet 9 a position to speak ) au?ority ev5 on subjects 9 _! own prov9ce4 ,read a popul> apologetic "w ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 read ,tru? & ,c]ta9ty ( ,*ri/ian ,revelation1 edition #agbd1 & y w f9d t a def5d] ( ! fai? _h 9 ^? days a comp>atively easy task4 ,sci5ce be+ /ill 9 its infancy1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,cl>ke gave reasons = ! tru? ( ,*ri/ian dogmas1 :i*1 ?\gh !y c\ld n be controv]t$ !n1 w\ld n[ be consid]$ ! mo/ abject nons5se4 ,bead also ,mr4 ,s4 ,la+'s rem>ks on p4 #ac ( ,a ,mod]n ,zoroa/rian1 :]e he tells u t :5 he 0 a /ud5t at ,cambridge1 little m ?an fifty ye>s ago1 a/ronomy 0 ! only bran* ( natural sci5ce :i* c\ld be said to be def9itely br\ght )9 ! doma9 ( natural law1 & t only z reg>ds ! law ( gravity & ! motions ( ! heav5ly bodies1 = little or no?+ 0 kn[n z to _! con/itution4 ,p4 #e1 l9es #ah-ai4--,! va/ antiquity ( ! e>?4 ,x does n seem unreasonable to suppose t #ejj to #a1jjj million ye>s may h elaps$ s9ce ! bir? ( ! moon 7see ,pr(essor ,d>w9's ,presid5tial address at ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association 9 ,johannesburg on ,augu/ #cj?1 #aije74 ,p4 #h1 l9es #bg-i4--;,he is well aw>e ( ! odium he w\ld incur %\ld he proclaim 8 het]odox views conc]n+ ! popul> religion4 ,nor is x easy = ev5 a well-kn[n man to get 8 het]odox views publi%$ :]e !y w be widely read4 ,sir ,hiram ,maxim wrote lately to ! ,lit]>y ,guide conc]n+ 8 lett] 9 ! ,d ,we ,believe8 correspond5ce1 say+ x 0 necess>y = my lett] to h a slight coat+ ( ecclesia/ical sug>1 o!rwise x w\ld n h be5 publi%$4 ,does ! ,*ur* realise ! ext5t to :i* m5 ( sci5ce coat _! popul> writ+s ) ecclesia/ical sug>8 ,! retail booksell+ trade 9 ,engl& is /ill l>gely 9 ! h&s ( p]sons belong+ to ! v>i\s sects1 &1 ev5 :]e ?is is n s1 few d>e to pu% ! works ( gl>+ly het]odox writ]s4 ,z an example ( ! difficulties :i* beset ! way ( a too tru?-lov+ au?or1 we may notice t x took ?ree ye>s be=e #b1jjj copies ( ,mr4 ,samuel ,la+'s ,mod]n ,sci5ce & ,mod]n ,?\ght c\ld be sold1 & its sale br\ght him no pecuni>y pr(it4 ,p4 #ai1 l9es #b-c4--;,he ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge has nev] yet pr(ess$ belief 9 a p]sonal ,god4 ,he has n[ done s4 ,9 an article entitl$ ,fir/ ,pr9ciples ( ,fai?1 appe>+ 9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal = ,july1 #aijf1 he has drawn up a new =mula ( fai?1 :i* comm5ces3 ,i believe 9 "o ,inf9ite & ,et]nal ,be+1 a guid+ & lov+ ,fa!r1 9 :om all ?+s consi/4 ,he cont9ues3 ,i believe t ! ,div9e ,nature is specially reveal$ to man ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1 :o liv$ & taught & suff]$ 9 ,pale/9e #a1ijj ye>s ago1 & has s9ce be5 wor%ipp$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* z ! immortal ,son ( ,god1 ! ,savi\r ( ! _w4 ,?is recon/ruct$ ,*ri/ian 787 cre$ has be5 deftly word$2 b ?is1 at lea/1 is cle>--! ,virg9-bir?1 ,resurrection1 & ,asc5sion =m no "p ( ! religi\s belief ( ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge4 ,! full text ( ! ,cate*ism :i* he has design$ = ! use ( tea*]s & o!rs int]e/$ 9 ! education ( ! "y appe>s 9 ! ,/&>d ( ,decemb] #ad?1 #aijf4 ,p4 #bj1 l9e #ca4--,! religi\s naturally wi% to discr$it sci5ce4 ,x is a common ass]tion ( ! pi\s t mod]n sci5ce has cont9ually to retrace its /eps1 & admit t x 0 mi/ak5 9 its facts & !ories4 ,! foll[+ pron\ncem5t by ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 9 8 ,presid5tial ,address at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association 7held at ,york 9 #aijf71 %\ld disillusion !m3 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s an idea has spread abroad t "s ( ! m rec5t discov]ies ( sci5ce h revolutionis$ sci5tific ideas--h upset =m] !ories1 or h rev]s$ !m4 ,no?+ is fur!r f ! tru?4 ,p4 #be1 l9es #ai-bj4--,!y ,agno/ics exhibit ! v temp] :i* ,*ri/ blesses4 ,canon ,scott ,holl&'s precise words 73 ,x is no petulant boy mak+ 8 petulant repudiation1 b a man ) /eady & delib]ate judgm5t1 weigh+1 exam9+1 te/+1 & /ill1 at la/ to 8 own sorr[1 to 8 own confess$ co/1 bravely fac+ :at he deems to be ! fact1 & pron\nc+1 ',i am n ( ! ,body2 ,i _c %>e ! life ( ! ,*ri/ian community4' ,& yet1 if we look at him1 we recognise 9 e detail ( 8 "* ! l9es t lead to ,*ri/4 ,he illu/rates & exhibits ! v temp] :i* ,*ri/ blesses2 he is pure1 unselfi%1 humble1 & good4444 ,he may say :at he pleases1 b ,*ri/ has n =sworn him4 ,subsequ5tly he ackn[l$ges 9 mov+ t]ms t1 z ! populations are em]g+ f out ( _! d>kness1 s !y are repudiat+ ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,b he gives no explanation = a circum/ance s p]plex+ to a ,*ri/ian4 ,let me n be misund]/ood to say t ?is extremely l5i5t view t[>ds ! ,agno/ic is ! usual "o at pres5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,bi%op ( ,moray voices ! op9ion ( ! majority ( ! or?odox :5 7at ! ,diocesan ,synod held at ,inv]ness ,ca!dral 9 ! autumn ( #aijd7 he *all5ges ! wisdom ( ?is sympa!tic attitude1 & asks3 ,is ?is a "t to bani% into sil5ce1 or relegate to an inf]ior position1 ! great bulw>k ( ! ,fai?--! ,a?anasian ,cre$8 ,we are to und]/& t ! curses ( ! ,cre$ are res]v$1 n = ! man :o is born ( hea!n p>5ts1 b = ! man :o1 (t5 ) mu* uproot+ ( 8 de>e/ hopes1 & at ! co/ ( los+ _m fri5ds & ev5 8 orig9al means ( livelihood1 decides t he mu/ =sake ! ,fai?4 ,x seems to me t1 be=e conv]t+ ! hea!n1 x w\ld be only fair t ! t]rible fate !y w incur by any subsequ5t recantation %\ld be di/9ctly expla9$ to !m4 ,aga91 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,morgan ,gibbon1 9 8 pamphlet1 ,a!ism & ,fai?1 repres5ts ! ,a!i/ 9 ! guise ( ! ,tempt] hold+ out ! bribe ( free indulg5ce ( all ! passions to our y\?1 our work+ classes1 our gov]n+ classes1 & our capitali/s4 ,cl]gym5 :o speak ) su* bitt]ness & make su* sweep+ ass]tions really betray ! weakness ( _! own case4 ,= x is a psy*ological fact t m5 are always angrie/ :5 !y "k !y are n q 9 ! "r4 ,x is also a /ati/ical fact 7s f> z /ati/ics c be reli$ ^u = facts7 t crime among disbeliev]s is proportionately small1 :ile among ! /aun*e/ believ]s1 ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 x is proportionately l>ge4 ,p4 #bi1 l9e #bc4--;,excite prejudice by ! use ( a condemnatory adjective4 ,! ,riddle ( ! ,univ]se 0 describ$ z a book ( rubbi% by ,fa!r ,g]>d1 a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,he has n ! lea/ au?ority = su* an indictm5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 e s+le biologi/ w\ld tell him t he 0 himself talk+ rubbi%4 ,! ,tur9 ,academy cr[n$ x z ! be/ book writt5 9 ! la/ f\r ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,cl]gym5 seem to pref] to get _! sci5ce f apologetic works only4 ,h[ _m1 ,i wond]1 h ev] read ! ma/]ly exposition ( ! case = ,haeckel--,haeckel's ,critics ,answ]$1 by ,joseph ,mc,cabe8 ,p4 #cj1 l9es #ac-ad4--;,9 relief ( d\bt4 ,a "w entitl$ ,9 ,relief ( ,d\bt1 by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,e4 ,wel%1 a ,presbyt]ian m9i/]1 is an attempt by an exce$+ly e>ne/ man to remove d\bts conc]n+ ! ,bible4 ,!re is an introductory note by ! ,bi%op ( ,london4 ,! book is writt5 9 :at ! ,bi%op t]ms a racy /yle1 & has ! m]it ( mu* /raight=w>dness2 b few well-in=m$1 & at ! same "t op5-m9d$1 read]s w\ld agree ) ! conclusions ( ! au?or4 ,! argum5t t ,/4 ,paul 0 a contempor>y ( ,*ri/ is "o ( ! pr9cipal features2 b see ,*ap4 ,,ii41 #c1 & ,*ap4 ,,iii41 #b4 ,p4 #ca1 l9es #bg-h4--,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,irel&4 ,9 ,prie/s & ,p 9 ,irel&1 by ,mi*ael ,mc,carthy1 !re is a complete expos ( ! me?ods & results ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ 9 ?is portion ( ! ,briti% ,isles1 & a portrait ( a typical ,roman ,ca?olic prie/ :i* demon/rates 8 elevat+ 787 influ5ce4 ,also see ,twelve ,ye>s 9 a ,mona/]y & ,life 9 a ,mod]n ,mona/]y1 by ,joseph ,mc,cabe4 ,p4 #cc1 l9es #cb-c4--,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* is m consi/5t4 ,! ,papal ,*ur*1 f\nd$1 to a l>ge ext5t1 on sup]/ition & ignorance1 has ev] be5 afraid ( k1 ( /udy1 & education2 h5ce %e only consult$ h] own life's int]e/s :51 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 %e decre$ k to be id5tical ) h]esy1 & h]esy to be puni%able by dea?4 ,^! words are quot$ f ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,italy1 by ! ,rev4 ,alex&] ,rob]tson1 ,d4,d41 a book accord$ a flatt]+ reception by ! ,k+ ( ,italy 9 #aijc4 ,aga91 ,"l ,macaulay1 speak+ ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 says t1 dur+ ! la/ ?ree c5turies1 to /unt ! gr[? ( ! human m9d has be5 h] *ief object4 ,?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 :atev] advance has be5 made 9 k1 9 fre$om1 9 weal?1 & 9 ! arts ( life1 has be5 made 9 spite ( h]1 & has ev]y:]e be5 made 9 inv]se proportion to h] p[]4 ,! lovelie/ & mo/ f]tile prov9ces ( ,europe h1 "u h] rule1 be5 sunk 9 pov]ty1 9 political s]vitude1 & 9 intellectual torpor4 ,p4 #ch1 l9e #g4--;,gifts = ! ne$y4 ,! exhortation to give to ! poor is a precept ( all ! great religions4 ,indiscrim9ate giv+ 0 inculcat$ by ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 :o 7 ! poor1 & ,asiatic poor at t4 ,! pity ( x is t (t5 m h>m ?an good is done because ! ,div9e comm& does n specify ! des]v+ poor4 ,h5ce t :olesale paup]isation ( :i* ! evil effects are especially app>5t among ! ,jews & 9 ,ori5tal c\ntries4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,p4 #dd1 l9es #bb-c4--,mansel1 ,mozley1 ,f>r>1 ,we/cott1 on ,miracles4 ,dean ,mansel said3 ,if !re be "o fact record$ 9 ,scripture :i* is entitl$1 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w1 to ! "n ( a miracle1 ! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/ is t fact4 ,"h1 at lea/1 is an in/ance 9 :i* ! entire ,*ri/ian fai? mu/ /& or fall ) our belief 9 ! sup]natural4444 ,a sup]human au?ority ne$s to be sub/antiat$ by sup]human evid5ce1 & :at is sup]human is miracul\s 7pp4 #c & #ce ( ,aids to ,fai?1 #d? ed474 ,canon ,mozley said3 ,miracles & ! sup]natural cont5ts ( ,*ri/ianity mu/ /& or fall toge!r 7,bampton ,lectures1 #ahfe74 ,dean ,f>r> said3 ,h[ev] skilfully ! mod]n +5uity ( semi-belief may h tamp]$ ) sup]natural int]positions1 x is cle> to e hone/ & unsophi/icat$ m9d t1 if miracles be incr$ible1 ,*ri/ianity is false 7,! ,witness ( ,hi/ory to ,*ri/1 ,hulsean ,lectures = #ahgj1 #bnd ed41 p4 #be74 ,bi%op ,we/cott said3 ,! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity lies 9 a miracle1 &1 if x c be %[n t a miracle is ei!r impossible or incr$ible1 all fur!r inquiry into ! details ( its hi/ory is sup]flu\s f a religi\s po9t ( view 7,! ,gospel ( ! ,resurrection1 #crd ed41 #ahgd1 p4 #cd74 ,see also ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*'s ,notes on ,miracles4 ,p4 #dd1 l9es #bh-i4--,! op9ion ( ! majority ( our liv+ dignit>ies4 ,?is has be5 made abundantly cle> by ! unanim\s reply ( a l>ge numb] ( ,bi%ops to a correspond5t ( ! ,record1 :o _h writt5 lett]s to !m /at+ t he _h he>d t n a s+le ,bi%op on ! b5* to-day believ$ 9 ! miracul\s 9 religion 7report$ 9 ! daily pap]s t[>ds ! close ( ,janu>y1 #aije74 ,p4 #dh1 l9es #be-f4--,"s ev5 hold t x devil-possession /ill exi/s4 ,?us1 9 ! introduction to ,pa/or ,hsi 7a book ( :i* #bd1jjj copies 7 pr9t$ betwe5 #aijc & #aije71 ! ,rev4 ,d4 ,e4 ,ho/e1 ,g5]al ,director ( ! ,*9a ,inl& ,mission1 n only expresses ?is belief1 b seeks to expla9 :y devil-possession %\ld n[ be *iefly conf9$ to hea!n l&s4 ,c>eful obs]vation & /udy ( ! subject h1 he says1 l$ _m to conclude t1 al?\gh 9 l&s :]e ,*ri/ianity has long held sway ! special manife/ations we are n[ consid]+ are comp>atively unkn[n1 ! conditions among ! hea!n be+ m ak9 to ^? prevail+ :5 & :]e ! ,gospel 0 fir/ propagat$1 x is n surpris+ t a correspond+ en]gy ( ! p[]s ( evil %\ld be met ) 9 mission>y "w to-day4 ,he w\ld h u believe1 app>5tly1 t ! atmosph]e ( hol9ess 9 ,*ri/5dom is s ov]p[]+ t ! ,devil & 8 crew are r5d]$ less active6 ,tak+ him s]i\sly1 c he also expla9 h[ x is t ,god p]mits devils to p]=m su* pranks8 ,n only is ! h\se swept & g>ni%$ t !y may ent] 91 & dwell !re2 b 9 ! case ( ,saul we are told t !y 7 purposely s5t by ,god6 7,see ,luke xi4 #be1 #bf1 & #a ,sam4 xviii4 #aj & xix4 #i47 ,! importance ( ?is "q is br\ght home to u by ,mr4 ,b5n 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,rationalism 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 :]e he says 7p4 #ded73 ,! witness ( ,jesus to ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god z a p]sonal _s am\nts to no m ?an 8 witness to p]sonal devils z au?ors ( disease2 & ! witness ( ! ,evangeli/s to _! ,ma/]'s au?or%ip ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is less unanim\s ?an _! witness to ! de/ruction by diabolical ag5cy ( ! ,gad>5e sw9e4 ,p4 #di1 l9es #ac-ad4--,! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&4 ,bi%op ,+ram atta*es ! utmo/ importance to ! tru? ( ?is miracle4 ,9 a s]mon publi%$ 9 ! ,*ur* ,times ( ,octob] #g?1 #aijd1 he is report$ to h said3 ,x is ! wor/ policy ( def5ce to ?r[ ov] ! miracle ( fe$+ ! five ?\s&1 or our ,"l's p[] ov] disease & dea?1 & !n expect to keep ! fai? ( ! _w 9 ,8 inc>nation1 ,8 ,virg9-bir?1 & ,8 resurrection4 ,p4 #fa1 l9e #ad4--,! simple !ory ( ! spiriti/s4 ,dr4 ,moncure ,conway relates1 9 8 ,autobiography1 h[ x 0 a spirituali/ sance :i* made him realise ! k9d ( fr5zy t took possession ( ^? e>ly ,*ri/ians :o really believ$ t a dead man _h return$ to life4 ,see also ,pr(essor ,lombroso on spirituali/ic ph5om5a1 p4 #cif4 ,p4 #fd1 l9es #bj-a4--;,few ( u h ev] _h our belief te/$4 ,p]sons :o h nev] sp5t _! lives1 or a portion ( _! lives1 among ! hea!n1 h nev] _h _! fai? put to ! fulle/ te/1 = 9 su* an environm5t !y w\ld f9d fai?'s difficulties consid]ably enhanc$4 ,i rememb]1 a few days aft] my arrival 9 ,india1 a c]ta9 ,bi%op look+ me 9 ! face &1 ) a k9dly h& ^u my %\ld]1 say+3 ,y w f9d life mu* m difficult 9 ,india4 ,he ref]r$1 ( c\rse1 to ! religi\s life1 & 0 q "r1 al?\gh1 probably1 he 0 ?9k+ *iefly ( ! example t ,i %\ld f9d set me by my fell[ ,*ri/ians2 :ile1 z m9e 0 l>gely a camp life1 x 0 m ! insight into ! belief ( my native companions :i* affect$ me4 ,!re1 all ar\nd y1 are simple folk believ+ 9 :at y "k to be absurd2 y are br\ght face to face ) ignorance & sup]/ition2 y see h[ fai? c be misplac$1 & h[ tru/+ natures c be deceiv$4 ,x sets y ?9k+ :e!r1 aft] all1 y too may n be deceiv$2 :e!r ! possession ( an unlimit$ capacity = fai? has ! virtue 9 x :i* ! prie/ tells y x has1 :e!r1 9 fact1 fai? is a reliable guide4 ,%\ld y attempt to conv]t an educat$ native1 y n only f9d t ! task is hopeless1 b t y are ask+ him to accept a belief :i* is z unf\nd$ & unprov5 z ! "o he already holds4 ,anyone wi%+ to =m "s idea ( an exp]i5ce ( ?is sort %\ld read ,! ,bible3 ,is x ! ,^w ( ,god8 by ,?omas ,lumsd5 ,/range1 =m]ly a judge ( ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,madras4 ,! way ! obs]vations are ca/ 9 ! %ape ( a conv]sation betwe5 a /ud5t ( ! ,bible & a cultur$ native ( ,india br+s home _m ,bible difficulties :i* l>gely escape ! notice & consid]ation ( ! dev\t4 ,i h tak5 my illu/ration f ?is book4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,p4 #gg1 l9es #aa-ab4--;,encyclopdia ,biblica4 7,my be/ ?anks are due to ,mr4 ,c4 ,t4 ,gorham = p]mitt+ me to make a free use ( 8 notes on ! ,enc4 ,bib47 ,9 case ! read] may jump to ! conclusion t ?is is a "w compil$ by collect+ ! mo/ h]etical views f all p>ts ( ! globe 7z ,i 0 in=m$ by ! libr>ian :5 ,i inquir$ = ! book 9 a ,ca!dral libr>y71 let me call att5tion to ! li/ ( contributors1 among :om w be f\nd _m ,engli% m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel4 ,= in/ance3-- ,! ,rev4 ,ar*ibald ,r4 ,s4 ,k5n$y1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew & ,semitic ,languages1 ,ed9burgh4 ,! ,rev4 ,c4 ,f4 ,burney1 ,m4,a41 ,lectur] 9 ,hebrew1 & ,fell[ ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,! ,rev4 ,claude ,h]mann ,walt] ,johns1 ,m4,a41 ,hon4 ,sec4 ,camb4 ,pupil ,tea*]s' ,c5tre4 ,! ,rev4 ,george ,adam ,smi?1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew & ,old ,te/am5t ,exegesis1 ,free ,*ur* ,college1 ,glasg[4 ,! ,v ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4 ,rob9son1 ,d4,d41 ,dean ( ,we/m9/]4 ,! ,rev4 ,ow5 ,*>les ,:iteh\se1 ,m4,a41 ,pr9cipal & ,pr(essor ( ,biblical ,exegesis & ,!ology 9 ! ,c\ntess ( ,hunt+don's ,college1 ,*e%unt1 ,h]ts4 ,! ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,biblical ,greek1 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,! ,rev4 ,samuel ,rolles ,driv]1 ,d4,d41 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew1 ,canon ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d4 ,! ,rev4 ,t4 ,k4 ,*eyne1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41 ,oriel ,pr(essor ( ! ,int]pretation ( ,holy ,scripture at ,ox=d1 ,canon ( ,ro*e/]4 ,! ,rev4 ,t4 ,witton ,davies1 ,b4,a41 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,old ,te/am5t ,lit]ature1 ,nor? ,wales ,bapti/ ,college1 ,bangor2 ,lectur] 9 ,semitic ,languages1 ,univ]sity ,college4 ,! ,rev4 ,william ,e4 ,addis1 ,m4,a41 ,lectur] 9 ,old ,te/am5t ,criticism1 ,man*e/] ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,! ,rev4 ,william ,h5ry ,b5nett1 ,litt4,d41 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,biblical ,languages & ,lit]ature1 ,hackney ,college1 ,london1 & ,pr(essor ( ,old ,te/am5t ,exegesis1 ,new ,college1 ,london4 ,! ,rev4 ,william ,s&ay1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,lady ,m>g>et ,pr(essor ( ,div9ity1 ,canon ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d4 ,! ,rev4 ,a4 ,b4 ,davidson1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew & ,old ,te/am5t ,exegesis1 ,unit$ ,free ,*ur* ,new ,college1 ,ed9burgh4 ,! ,rev4 ,george ,bu*anan ,gray1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew1 ,mansfield ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,! rapid advance ( ,bible criticism 9 late ye>s is well se5 by comp>+ articles 9 ,dr4 ,w4 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ! ,bible 7#ahfj71 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 sign$ ,w4 ,r4 ,s4 7betwe5 #ahge & #ahhh71 & 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica 7#ahii to #aijc74 ,ev5 ! comp>atively cons]vative ,ha/+s's ,diction>y 7#ahih-aijb1 ) extra volume #aijd7 conta9s articles :i* w\ld h be5 condemn$ z h]etical half a c5tury ago4 ,speak+ ( ! ,enc4 ,bib4 & ,ha/+'s ,diction>y1 ,mr4 ,b5n rem>ks 79 8 ,hi/ory ( ,rationalism7 t1 z reg>ds ! ,old ,te/am5t1 _! respective attitudes d n ess5tially diff]1 ,wellhaus5's !ory be+ accept$ by bo?4 ,p4 #hj1 l9e #ah4--,we h note got ! /one & read ! inscriptions4 ,= a popul> acc\nt ( ?is int]e/+ discov]y 7^u ! site ( ,susa1 ! anci5t city ( ! ,p]sian k+s1 9 ,decemb]1 #aija7 see ,! ,hammurabi ,code1 by ,*ilp]ic ,edw>ds4 ,p4 #ajc1 l9e #af-ag4--;,a disput$ passage 9 ,tacitus4 ,! sceptical !ory is t1 _h x be5 g5u9e1 ! passage w\ld n h be5 ov]look$ by all ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s 9 ! v>i\s disputations ) objectors1 & especially by ,t]tullian1 :o quot$ l>gely f 8 works1 & ! ecclesia/ical hi/orian ,eusebius1 :o 0 zeal\s 9 8 def5ce ( ! ,fai? & gre$y ( mat]ials ) :i* to support x4 7,an important ,fr5* /ud5t ( ,tacitus holds t ! :ole ,annals is m$ieval67 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! /yle is ?or\ghly ,tacitean1 conta9+ a numb] ( words & expressions else:]e us$ by ! au?or1 & m or less *>act]i/ic ( him1 yet )\t any su* elaborate ov]-imitation z we %\ld expect to f9d ev5 9 a skilful =g]y4 ,nor is ! subject-matt] p]haps less *>act]i/ic1 :ile ! ,,ms4 evid5ce is 9 fav\r ( ! passage be+ g5u9e4 ,tak+ x to be s1 :at1 aft] all1 does x am\nt to8 ,m]ely ?is4 ,*ri/ 0 put to dea? by ,pontius ,pilate1 & a v l>ge numb] ( ,*ri/ians 7 put to dea? 9 a horrible mann] by ,n]o4 ,! passage occurs 9 ,tacitus1 ,annals1 ,,xv41 #dd1 & runs z foll[s3 ,consequ5tly1 to get rid ( ! accusation1 ,n]o fa/5$ ! guilt & inflict$ ! mo/ exquisite tortures on a class hat$ = _! abom9ations1 call$ by ! populace ',*ri/ians4' ,*ri/us1 f :om ! "n _h its orig91 suff]$ ! extreme p5alty dur+ ! reign ( ,tib]ius at ! h&s ( "o ( our procurators1 ,pontius ,pilate1 & a mo/ mis*iev\s sup]/ition1 ?us *eck$ = ! mom5t1 aga9 broke out n only 9 ,juda1 ! fir/ s\rce ( ! evil1 b ev5 9 ,rome1 :]e all ?+s hide\s & %ameful f e "p ( ! _w f9d _! c5tre & become popul>4 ,accord+ly1 an arre/ 0 fir/ made ( all :o plead$ guilty2 !n1 ^u _! in=mation1 an imm5se multitude 0 convict$1 n s mu* ( ! crime ( fir+ ! city1 z ( hatr$ ( mank9d4 ,mock]y ( e sort 0 add$ to _! dea?s4 ,cov]$ ) ! sk9s ( bea/s1 !y 7 torn by dogs & p]i%$1 or 7 nail$ to crosses1 or 7 doom$ to ! flames & burnt to s]ve z a nightly illum9ation :5 daylight _h expir$4 ,n]o (f]$ 8 g>d5s = ! spectacle4 ,p4 #ajg1 l9es #ai-bj4--,! true lik5ess ( our ,"l _h be5 miracul\sly transmitt$4 ,presumably my in=mant 0 ref]r+ to ! leg5d ( ,/4 ,v]onica1 s9ce ! equally absurd ,hi/ory ( ! ,lik5ess ( ,*ri/ 7translat$ by ,e4 ,a4 ,wallis ,budge7 closes ) ^! words3 ,& ! angel took ! lik5ess f :]e x 0 /&+1 & he remov$ x2 & no man ha? ev] se5 x s9ce4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,p4 #aba1 l9e #bb4--;,born 9 a cave4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr ! ,apologi/1 :o1 f 8 bir? at ,%e*em1 0 famili> ) ,pale/9e1 & :o liv$ less ?an a c5tury aft] ! "t ( our ,"l1 places ! sc5e ( ! nativity 9 a cave4 ,?is is1 inde$1 ! anci5t & con/ant tradition bo? ( ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n ,*ur*es1 & x is "o ( ! few to :i*1 ?\gh unrecord$ 9 ,gospel hi/ory1 we may atta* a reasonable probability 7see p4 #bj ( ! *eap edition #aijf ( ,f>r>'s ,life ( ,*ri/74 ,! grotto ( ! mang] 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,nativity at ,be?lehem is c]ta9ly a cave4 ,emb$d$ 9 ! rock is a mu*-kiss$ silv] /> be>+ ! inscription3 ,hic de ,virg9e ,m>ia ,jesus ,*ri/us natus e/4 ,p4 #abb1 l9e #f4--,kri%na 0 sla94 ,! ,vi%nu ,purna speaks ( 8 be+ %ot 9 ! foot ) an arr[4 ,o!r acc\nts /ate t he 0 susp5d$ on a tree4 ,on raconte =t div]sem5t la mort de ,cri%na4 ,une tradition rem>quable et avre le fait prir sur un bois fatal 7un arbre71 ou il fut cl\ d'un c\p de fl*e 7quot$ f ,mons4 ,guigniaut's ,religion de l',antiquit1 by ,higg9s2 ,anacalypsis1 vol4 i41 p4 #add74 ,9 ! acc\nts giv5 9 ! ,mahbhrata1 ,vi%nu ,purna1 & ,bhagavat ,purna1 ! slay+ is un9t5tional1 b pr$e/9$4 ,!re appe>s to h be5 a crucifixion my? 9 anci5t ,india2 b ,godfrey ,higg9s' assumption t ,kri%na 0 crucifi$ re/s ma9ly on an ov]sight ( ! ar*ologi/ ,moor 7see ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson's ,*ri/ianity & ,my?ology1 pp4 #bid-i74 ,p4 #abc1 l9es #bd-e4--;,almo/ e important episode ( ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,) ! rem>kable exception ( ! dea? ( ,jesus on ! cross & ( ! doctr9e ( atonem5t by vic>i\s suff]+1 :i* is absolutely exclud$ by ,buddhism1 ! mo/ anci5t ( ! ,buddhi/ic records kn[n to u conta9 /atem5ts ab\t ! life & ! doctr9es ( ,gautama ,buddha :i* correspond 9 a rem>kable mann]1 & impossibly by m]e *ance1 ) ! traditions record$ 9 ! ,gospels ab\t ! life & doctr9e ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 7quot$ f p4 #ej ( ,buns5's ,angel ,messiah74 ,p4 #abd1 l9e #a4--;,buddha 0 miracul\sly born4 ,maya dreams t %e is c>ri$ by ar*angels to heav51 & t !re ! future ,buddha ent]s h] "r side 9 ! =m ( a sup]b :ite elephant4 ,rhys ,davids relates ?is leg5d on p4 #ahc ( 8 ,buddhism1 & 9 a footnote he says3 ,csoma ,korsi ref]s 9 a di/ant way to a belief ( ! lat] ,mongol ,buddhi/s t ,maya 0 a virg9 7,z4 ,res4 xx4 #bii72 b ?is has n be5 confirm$4 ,/4 ,j]ome says 7,adv]sus ,jov941 bk4 #a73 ',x is h&$ d[n z a tradition among ! ,gymnosophi/s ( ,india t ,buddha1 ! f\nd] ( _! sy/em1 0 br\ght =? by a virg9 f h] side4' ,9 ,samuel ,beal's ,romantic ,hi/ory ( ,buddha 7f ! ,*9ese v]sion7 we read ( ,buddha's miracul\s bir?1 & t !re is gr\nd to assume ! preval5ce ( ?is belief = c5turies be=e ,*ri/4 ,buns51 aga9 7p4 x4 ( 8 ,angel-,messiah71 speaks ( ! ,virg9 ,maya1 on :om1 accord+ to ,*9ese tradition1 ! ,holy ,gho/ _h desc5d$2 & else:]e 7e4g41 pp4 #aj & #be7 he adopts ?is v]sion ( ! leg5d4 ,dr4 ,kn[l+1 9 8 apologetic "w1 ,our ,"l's ,virg9 ,bir? & ! ,criticism ( ,today1 pp4 #ec-d1 lays /ress ^u ! grotesqu5ess ( ! idea t a man %\ld ent] 8 "m's womb 9 ! =m ( a :ite elephant4 ,b1 z ,dr4 ,rhys ,davids expla9s 7p4 #ahd ( ,buddhism71 !re is no?+ biz>re :5 ! orig9 ( ! poetical figure has be5 asc]ta9$4 ,! belief 0 borr[$ f ! old] sun-wor%ip1 ! :ite elephant1 l ! :ite horse cf4 ,rev4 vi4 #b & xix4 #aa1 #ad1 be+ an emblem ( ! sun1 ! univ]sal mon>* ( ! sky4 ,p4 #abf1 l9es #a-b4--;,he 0 v e>ly reg>d$ z omnisci5t & absolutely s9less4 ,dr4 ,rhys ,davids's rem>ks on ! e>ly gr[? ( my?s conc]n+ ,buddha1 com+ z !y d f a *ampion ( ! ,*ri/ian cause1 are full ( significance = anyone :o p]mits himself to ?9k & :o keeps an op5 m9d4 ,he says 7p4 #ahb ( ,buddhism73 ,! belief soon sprang up t he c\ld n h be51 t he 0 n1 born z ord9>y m5 are2 t he _h no e>?ly fa!r2 t he desc5d$ ( 8 own accord into 8 "m's womb f 8 ?rone 9 heav52 & t he gave unmi/akeable signs1 imm$iately aft] 8 bir?1 ( 8 high "* & ( 8 future greatness4 ,we h a p]fect illu/ration ( ! possibility & rapidity ( ! leg5d-mak+ process 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! ,bab 7or gateway7 0 a ,p]sian re=m] :o suff]$ m>tyrdom at ! h&s ( ! au?orities 9 #ahej4 ,)9 =ty ye>s an evid5tly my?ical v]sion ( 8 life 0 curr5t among 8 foll[]s 9 ! =m ( a ,gospel4 ,babism inculcates a high morality1 & !re is a likelihood ( its becom+ p>am\nt 9 ,p]sia4 ,= fur!r in=mation on ?is new religion see ,life & ,tea*+s ( ,abbas ,eff5di1 by ,myron ,h4 ,phelps 7,putnam74 ,p4 #abg1 l9e #aj4--;,born ( ! ,virg9 ,isis4 ,x is true1 z ,dr4 ,kn[l+ po9ts out 7p4 #ef ( ,! ,virg9 ,bir?71 & z ,i h p]sonally se51 t 9 ! inscriptions & sc5es 9 ! temple ( ,luxor we h at lea/ "s elem5ts ( ! glorify+ ( s5sual desire :i* is s f> remov$ f ! *a/e re/ra9t & simplicity ( ! ,evangeli/s4 ,b ! p>allel is n a :it ! less admissible because ! same /ory appe>s 9 a fre% g>b to suit ! high] ideals ( a new religion4 ,p4 #acj1 note #a4--,mexican ,antiquities4 ,mo/ ( ,visc\nt ,k+sbor\gh's life & =tune 0 devot$ to 8 illu/rat$ "w1 ,antiquities ( ,mexico 7n9e volumes & a portion ( a t5? volume1 imp]ial folio1 ,london1 #ahcj-dh74 ,no anti-,*ri/ian _s inspir$ 8 lab\rs2 on ! contr>y1 he attempt$ to prove a ,jewi% migration to ,mexico4 ,?\gh ! attempt fail$1 he bequea!d to po/]ity an invaluable "w on ! anci5t religion ( ,mexico4 ,p4 #aca1 l9e #bf4--;,heal+ miracles1 su* z ^? p]=m$ by ,jesus4 ,cony]s ,middleton1 =m]ly pr9cipal libr>ian ( ,cambridge ,univ]sity1 tells u t 9 ! temples ( sculapius all k9ds ( diseases 7 believ$ to be publicly cur$1 by ! pret5d$ help ( ! ,deity1 9 pro( ( :i* !re 7 erect$ 9 ea* temple columns ( brass or m>ble1 on :i* a di/9ct n>rative ( ea* p>ticul> cure 0 describ$4 ,!re is a rem>kable fragm5t ( "o ( ^! tables /ill extant1 & exhibit$ by ,grut] 9 8 collection 7j z x 0 f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ! temple ( sculapius 9 ! ,tib] isl&71 :i* gives an acc\nt ( two bl9d m5 re/or$ to sight by sculapius1 9 ! op5 view1 & ) ! l\d acclamation ( ! p1 ackn[l$g+ ! manife/ p[] ( ! god4 ,comp>e ,/4 ,mat!w ix4 #bg-cj4 ,is x n truly m>vell\s to ?9k t exactly ! same sort ( ?+ is go+ on at ! v>i\s miracle-work+ %r9es ( ,*ri/5dom at ! pres5t mom5t8 ,is x n also surpris+ to he> c]ta9 div9es 9 our own c\ntry speak ( ! alleg$ miracles ( ! e>ly ,*ur* z if !y 7 real1 & z if x 7 a sort ( lo/ art due to our poor] fai? 9 mod]n times8 ,i am ref]r+ to s]mons prea*$ lately f v>i\s pulpits on ! subject ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce & ,fai?-cures4 ,p4 #acc1 l9e #bj4--;,act$ 9 ,a!ns five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,m>*1 #aije1 ,mr4 ,slade ,butl] po9ts out1 9 8 article on ,! ,greek ,my/]ies & ! ,gospel ,n>rative1 t 9 ! fir/ c5tury aft] ,*ri/ ^! my/]ies1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 _h become ! recognis$ religion ( ! ,greek _w4 ,mr4 ,butl] takes 9 turn all ! ma9 features ( ! ,gospel n>ratives1 & %[s _! close resemblance to incid5ts ( ! ,greek my/]y-dramas4 ,! baptism ( ,john1 ! triumphal procession 9 hon\r ( ,jesus1 ,8 cle>+ ( ! temple1 ! curs+ ( ! fig tree1 ! ,la/ ,supp]1 ! mock+ ( ,jesus 9 ,8 dea?-agony1 are %[n to h /rik+ p>allels 9 ! sacr$ my/]ies ( ! ,greeks4 ,p4 #acc1 l9e #bc4--;,ev5 ,bac*us 444 0 a sla9 ,savi\r4 ,dupuis1 ,! ,orig9 ( all ,religi\s ,wor%ip1 pp4 #ace & #beh2 ,higg9s1 ,anacalypsis1 vol4 ii41 p4 #ajb2 ,knight1 ,! ,symbolical ,language ( ,anci5t ,art & ,my?ology1 p4 xxii41 note1 & p4 #ih1 note4 ,p4 #acd1 l9es #g-h4--,pagan crucifixions ( ! "y inc>nate div9ities ( ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ,egypt4 ,we h x on ! au?ority ( a ,*ri/ian ,fa!r t ! ,pagans ador$ crosses2 = ,t]tullian1 a ,*ri/ian ,fa!r ( ! second & ?ird c5turies1 writ+ to ! ,pagans1 says3 ,! orig9 ( y\r god is d]iv$ f figures m\ld$ on a cross 7,apol41 *ap4 xvi42 ,ad ,nationes1 *ap4 xii474 ,at ! pres5t mom5t1 bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 ! ,egyptian cross or life sign is a fa%ionable ornam5t1 "u ! "n ( crux ansata 7or cross ) a h&le74 ,its pi\s we>]s are1 ( c\rse1 q unaw>e t x is ! phallic emblem6 ,c\ld any?+ m conclusively demon/rate ! prevail+ ignorance ( comp>ative my?ology8 #cic ,p4 #ach1 note4--,! probable date ( ! orig9 ( ! /ory ( ,buddha1 ,*9ese v]sion4 ,a v valuable date1 lat] ?an :i* we _c place ! orig9 ( ! /ory1 may be d]iv$ f ! colophon at ! end ( ! la/ *apt] ( ! book4 ,x is !re /at$ t ! ,abh9i% ,kramana ,stra is call$ by ! s*ool ( ! ,dh>maguptas ,fo-p5-h+-k+4444 ,we "k f ! ',*9ese ,encyclopdia1' ,kai-yu5-%i-kian-mu-lu1 t ! ,fo-p5-h+ 0 translat$ into ,*9ese f ! ,sanscrit 7! anci5t language ( ,h9do/an7 s e>ly z ! elev5? ye> ( ! reign ( ,w+-p+ 7,m+-ti71 ( ! ,han dyna/y--i e41 #fi or #gj ,a4,d4 ,we may !re=e safely suppose t ! orig9al "w 0 9 circulation 9 ,india = "s "t previ\s to t date4 7,quot$ f ! ,introduction to ,mr4 ,s4 ,beal's ,romantic ,hi/ory ( ,buddha47 ,?us1 z ! writ] ( ! article on ! ,gospels 9 ! ,enc4 ,bib4 obs]ves1 :5 ref]r+ to ! p>allels3 ,! pro( t ! ,buddhi/ic s\rces are old] ?an ! ,*ri/ian mu/ be reg>d$ z irrefragable4 ,p4 #adh1 l9e #ba4--,mod]n non-,*ri/ian beliefs1 ,p>allels 9 ! rites (4 ,v simil> c]emonies are to be f\nd among ! hea!n to-day4 ,= in/ance1 some?+ v l our ,eu*>i/ical rite is p]=m$ 9 mod]n ,japan4 ,look+ on at a s]vice 9 a ,%9to temple1 ,i 0 mu* /ruck by ! extraord9>y simil>ity ( ! :ole c]emony4 ,x 0 a sort ( ,high ,mass ) ,gregorian music4 ,! bless$ waf]s are n eat5 on ! premises1 b are tak5 away by ! wor%ipp]s to be us$ 9 "t ( sickness4 ,! wor%ipp]s1 ,i may m5tion1 7 all ( ! poor] & m ignorant classes4 ,p4 #aej1 l9e #aj4--,_! blood 0 drunk 9 ! =m ( w9e4 ,reg>d+ ?is1 ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 rem>ks3 ,:5 ,dionysus became ! annual or bi5nial v9e-god victim1 x 0 inevitable t 8 wor%ipp]s %\ld h se5 8 resurrection & embodim5t 9 ! v9e1 & %\ld h reg>d$ ! w9e x yield$ z ! blood ( ! god4 ,p4 #aef1 l9es #ai-bj4--;,adopt+ _! dates = ! bir? & dea? & resurrection ( _! ,savi\rs4 ,at ! w9t] sol/ice ! sun seem$ to ! anci5ts to be comm5c+ its annual j\rney r\nd ! heav5s4 ,accord+ly1 ,decemb] #be? 0 consid]$ to be ! sun's bir?day1 :i* 0 annually celebrat$ by a great fe/ival 9 _m p>ts ( ! hea!n _w--9 ,*9a1 ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,egypt1 & also 9 anci5t ,greece1 ,rome1 ,g]many1 ,sc&9avia1 ,great ,brita91 ,irel&1 & ,am]ica4 ,simil>ly1 at ! v]nal equ9ox1 ! sun1 :i* has be5 bel[ ! equator1 sudd5ly appe>s to rise above x1 & s1 usually ^u a date calculat$ by ! pagan a/ronom]s 7& correspond+ r\ghly to our ,ea/]71 we f9d t ?r\gh\t a consid]able portion ( ! anci5t _w1 aft] m\rn+ ! sun's dea? 7sometimes = a p]iod ( ?ree days71 ! ,resurrection 0 celebrat$ ) great rejoic+s4 ,primitive man reg>d$ all s5sible objects z in/9ct ) a consci\s life4 ,he not$ ! *anges ( days & ye>s1 & ! objects :i* s *ang$ 7 to him z liv+ ?+s4 ,! ris+ & sett+ sun1 ! return ( summ] & w9t]1 became a drama 9 :i* ! actors 7 8 fri5ds or enemies4 ,x 0 no allegory1 b1 /range z x appe>s to u n[1 all an absolute reality4 ,*ri/'s bir? 0 ultimately plac$ at ! w9t] sol/ice1 ! bir?day ( ! sun-god 9 ! mo/ popul> cults2 &1 :ile t is fix$ z an anniv]s>y1 ! date ( ! ,crucifixion is made to v>y f ye> to ye> 9 ord] to con=m to ! a/ronomical pr9ciple on :i* ! ,jews1 foll[+ ! sun-wor%ipp]s1 _h fix$ _! ,passov]4 ,?is ignorance ( ! e>ly ,*ur* conc]n+ ! dates ( ! ,jesus' bir?1 dea?1 & resurrection1 is an exce$+ly suspici\s circum/ance4 ,if ! fundam5tal v]ities 7 an objective fact to ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 h[ c\ld ! dates h be5 s utt]ly =gott5 t dates belong+ to idolatr\s sup]/itions _h to be adopt$8 ,x is p]plex+ en\gh t ,god %\ld h all[$ ! memory ( ,8 ,son's life on e>? to be h&$ d[n = a consid]able "t by tradition only2 b t ,he %\ld h p]mitt$ su* lapses ( memory & ! sub/itution ( ! dates ( pagan fe/ivals is to me altoge!r inconceivable4 ,x c\ld n b raise suspicion conc]n+ ,8 revelation 9 future ?9k+ g5]ations4 ,we h a c]ta9 k ( ! dates ( comp>atively unimportant ev5ts 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 ages be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,if ^! important dates c\ld be =gott51 :at else may n h be5 =gott52 :at else may n h be5 sub/itut$ 9 ! place ( =gott5 incid5ts8 ,aga91 did n ! disciples & _! conv]ts celebrate ! anniv]s>ies ( ^! great ev5ts8 ,&1 if s1 on :at dates8 ,! "q is ( m importance ?an p]haps at fir/ sight x appe>s to be4 ,! public w soon be ask+ ! ,*ur* = a satisfactory explanation1 & %e mu/ be prep>$ to furni% x4 ,9 ! ,daily ,telegraph1 dur+ ! ,*ri/mas ( #aijd1 ! public 7 in=m$ t ! mo/ erudite ar*ologi/s & pr(essors ( ,*ur* hi/ory confess t !re is n a p>ticle ( evid5ce1 ei!r ,biblical or traditional1 = ! claim ( ,decemb] #be? to be ! bir?day ( ,*ri/1 & t ev]y?+ goes to prove t our exi/+ fe/ival ( ! ,nativity 0 introduc$ to replace ! hea!n fe/ival ( ! 'sol invictus' 9 ,s\!rn ,italy1 & ( ! ,yule or ,w9t] sol/ice fe/ival among ! anci5t ,teutons4 ,aga91 9 ! ,daily ,graphic dur+ ! ,ea/] ( #aije1 ! public w h read t !re is no p>ticul> sanctity 9 ! ',table to ,f9d ,ea/]1' bas$ z x is ^u ! calculations ( a pagan a/ronom] :o liv$ f\r hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,9 ,france ! ,*ri/ian names ( ! f\r /atutory holidays h be5 aboli%$ by law4 ,*ri/mas is call$ ! ,fe/ival ( ! ,family1 & s on4 ,! "t is com+1 & is ev5 n[ at h&1 :5 ! ,engli% public w discov] ugly facts ab\t ,*ri/ianity )\t hav+ to read books publi%$ by free?9k+ firms--books :i* ! p>son advises u to leave sev]ely alone4 ,p4 #afj1 l9es #c-d4--,:y d we he> s little ( ?is great discov]y f ! pulpit8 ,! foll[+ f a s]mon by ! ,bi%op ( ,man*e/]1 prea*$ 9 ,man*e/] ,ca!dral on ,sunday1 ,septemb] #d?1 #ahhg1 =ms a /rik+ exception to ! rule4 ,! suffici5t answ]1 says ! ,bi%op1 to n9ety out ( a hundr$ ( ! ord9>y objections to ! ,bible1 z ! record ( a div9e education ( our race1 is giv5 9 t "o ^w--developm5t4 ,& to :at are we indebt$ = t pot5t ^w1 :i*1 z ) ! w& ( a magician1 has at ! same mom5t s completely trans=m$ our k & dispell$ our difficulties8 ,to mod]n sci5ce1 resolutely pursu+ its se>* = tru? 9 spite ( popul> obloquy &--alas t "o %\ld h to say x--9 spite too (t5 ( !ological d5unciation6 7,quot$ by ,pr(essor ,huxley 9 8 essay on ,an ,episcopal ,trilogy47 ,w\ld t !re 7 equal c&\r all r\nd6 ,b ?is indebt$ness ( !ology to sci5ce 9 spite ( itself is c]ta9ly "o ( ! _m work+s ( ! ,holy ,_s :i* are q inexplicable4 ,all ! m s :5 we rememb] t tru?-seek+ sci5ti/s are1 n[adays1 usually ,agno/ics4 ,p4 #afe1 l9es #ch-i4--;,a ,mi?rai/ c\ld turn to ! ,*ri/ian wor%ip & f9d 8 ma9 rites unimpair$4 ,we h ! witness ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 aft] describ+ ! in/itution ( ! ,"l's ,supp] 7#a ,apol41 *ap4 #ff71 goes on to say3 ,:i* ! wick$ devils h imitat$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ra1 comm&+ ! same ?+ to be done4 ,= t bread & a cup ( wat] are plac$ ) c]ta9 incantations 9 ! my/ic rites ( ! "o :o is be+ initiat$1 y ei!r "k or c le>n4 ,t]tullian intimates t ! devil1 by ! my/]ies ( 8 idols1 imitates ev5 ! ma9 p>ts ( ! div9e my/]ies4 ,he also baptises 8 wor%ipp]s 9 wat]1 & makes !m believe t ?is purifies !m ( _! crimes4 ,!re ,mi?ra sets 8 m>k on ! =ehead ( 8 soldi]s2 he celebrates ! oblation ( bread2 he (f]s an image ( ! resurrection1 & pres5ts at once ! cr[n & sword2 he limits 8 *ief prie/ to a s+le m>riage2 he ev5 has virg9s & 8 ascetics 7cont95tes74 7,prscr4 c4 #dj4 ,cp4 ,de ,bapt4 c4 #e2 ,de ,corona1 c4 #ae4 ,quot$ on p4 #cbb ( ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson's ,pagan ,*ri/s47 ,we h also ! witness ( mod]n discov]ies4 ,= example1 ,pr(essor ,franz ,cumont1 9 8 "w1 ,les ,my/res de ,mi?ra1 gives a photograph ( a rec5tly-discov]$ bas-relief1 repres5t+ a ,mi?raic communion4 ,on a small tripod is ! bread1 9 ! =m ( waf]s1 ea* m>k$ ) a cross4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,p4 #agb1 l9es #ad-ae4--;,ignorance ( ! gi/ ( ! ,d>w9ian !ory1 natural selection1 has be5 fruitful 9 misund]/&+s4 ,x is v necess>y to und]/& exactly :at ! !ory ( natural selection is & is n2 because *ampions ( ! ,fai?1 ev5 :5 believ+ 9 ,evolution1 base "s ( _! argum5ts on ! alleg$ collapse ( ! ,d>w9ian !ory4 ,?us1 9 ,pres5t-day ,rationalism ,critically ,exam9$1 ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,george ,h5sl[ affirms t1 :ile ! !ory ( ,evolution /&s on an impregnable basis1 ,haeckel's ,monism & ,rationali/ic agno/icism are bas$ on ,d>w9's doctr9e ( natural selection1 & he ent]s ^u an elaborate argum5t--cov]+ sixty pages ( 8 book--to %[ t ! orig9 ( species by means ( natural selection is false1 & t ! prim>y cause ( ,evolution is ! def9ite action ( ! environm5t1 comb9$ ) ! adaptive p[]s ( ! liv+ organism4 ,su* argum5ts1 com+ f a cl]gyman hav+ sci5tific atta9m5ts1 are likely to impress ! av]age ,*ri/ian read] & confuse ! ma9 issue4 ,natural selection is ! action ( ! environm5t 7see ,! ,orig9 ( ,species1 *ap4 iv471 & ev5 if x 7 n1 & if natural selection 7or elim9ation7 7 n ! prim>y cause1 ! doctr9e ( ! action ( environm5t w suit ! ,moni/ j z well4 ,reg>d+ ! m9or1 b n unimportant1 "p play$ by sexual selection1 ,d>w9 writes3 ,= my own "p1 ,i conclude t ( all ! causes :i* h l$ to ! diff]5ces 9 ext]nal appe>ance betwe5 ! races ( m51 & to a c]ta9 ext5t betwe5 man & ! l[] animals1 sexual selection has be5 by f> ! mo/ effici5t 7,desc5t ( ,man1 ed4 #ahga1 ii41 #cfg74 ,sci5ti/s :o are advocates ( ! ,*ri/ian cause are n always z c&id z "o c\ld wi%4 ,:ile ! ,*ur* cit$ ,sir ,ri*>d ,ow5 z an au?ority aga9/ ! ,d>w9ian !ory1 especially 9 its application to man's desc5t1 !re rema9$ 9 ! memory ( 8 bro!r savants 8 lack ( c&\r 9 nev] )draw+ ! /atem5t made by him1 & demon/rat$ by ,huxley z untrue1 t ! hippocampus m9or 9 ! human bra9 is abs5t f ! bra9 ( ! ape4 7,see p4 #agb ( ,mr4 ,clodd's ,pione]s ( ,evolution4 ,see also rem>ks by ,sir ,*>les ,lyell1 pp4 #dhe & #dhf ( 8 "w1 ,antiquity ( ,man4 ,on p4 #bij he fur!r tells u t we may consid] ! attempt to di/+ui% ! bra9 ( man f t ( ! ape on ! gr\nd ( newly-discov]$ c]ebral *>act]s1 pres5t+ diff]5ces 9 k9d1 z virtually ab&on$ by its orig9ator47 ,p4 #bje1 l9es #ah-bj4--,t !re are n m l9ks miss+ is due pr9cipally to ! discov]y ( fossil rema9s4 ,! greate/ importance has be5 atta*$ to a discov]y 9 ,java1 made 9 #ahid by ,eug5e ,dubois4 ,! rema9s consi/$ ( ! cr[n ( ! skull1 two tee?1 & a femur belong+ to a creature = :i* ! "n ,pi!can?ropus erectus has be5 inv5t$4 ,?is pi!can?ropus excit$ ! livelie/ int]e/ z ! long-s\ght transitional =m betwe5 man & ! ape4 ,pr(essor ,haeckel writes conc]n+ ?is 9 8 book1 ,! ,evolution ( ,man1 vol4 ii41 p4 #fcc3 ,!re 7 v int]e/+ sci5tific discussions on x at ! la/ ?ree ,int]national ,congresses ( ,zoology 7,leyd51 #ahie2 ,cambridge1 #ahih2 & ,b]l91 #aija74 ,i took an active "p 9 ! discussion at ,cambridge1 & may ref] ! read] to ! pap] ,i read !re4 7,x has be5 translat$ by ,dr4 ,gad[1 "u ! title ( ,! ,la/ ,l9k47 ,s9ce !n we h ,pr(essor ,keasbey writ+ 9 #aija t ! rema9s h be5 pron\nc$ g5u9e1 & ,pr(essor ,pack>d1 9 #aijb1 t x is n[ g5]ally recognis$4 ,aga91 to give a /ill m rec5t f9d1 ,dr4 ,&rews1 :o accompani$ ! ,geological ,survey ( ,egypt1 has 7z m5tion$ by ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] 9 8 lecture at ! ,london ,in/itution on ,novemb] #bnd1 #aijf7 discov]$ a rem>kable skull 7n[ 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum7 :i* is ! connect+ l9k betwe5 elephants1 anci5t & mod]n1 & o!r mammals4 ,!re h also be5 discov]ies ( miss+ l9ks among ! liv+4 ,! duck-bill1 a f\r-foot$ animal :i* lays eggs1 is an important l9k betwe5 reptiles & mammals4 ,cuvi]1 ! celebrat$ ,fr5* naturali/1 a p]si/5t oppon5t ( ! evolution>y doctr9es advanc$ by ,lam>ck & ,ge(froy ,sa9t-,hilaire1 did n believe x possible t any f\r-foot$ animal c\ld lay eggs1 & x 0 n till long aft] 8 "t1 &1 inde$1 only q lately1 t ! /atem5ts ( ! natives 7 v]ifi$1 & ! eggs ( ! duck-bill actually f\nd4 ,p4 #bjh1 l9es #ad-ah4--;,en\gh has be5 said1 ,i hope1 to conv9ce ! read] t 444 !re is ov]p[]+ evid5ce aga9/ sep>ate acts ( creation1 & 9 fav\r ( an animal orig9 ( ! human race4 ,?is ,family ,tree ( ,life w enable him to =m a bra9-picture ( ! v>i\s /eps 9 ! evolution>y process3-- ,note4--,x is n[ g5]ally admitt$ t man goes back at lea/ #bjj1jjj ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,protoplasm plus ,*lorophyll ,?is diagram ( developm5t is tak5 f ,edw>ds ,clodd's "w1 ,! ,/ory ( ,creation1 by ! k9d p]mission ( ,mr4 ,clodd & ,messrs4 ,longmans4 ,note by ,mr4 ,clodd4--,! asc5t ( ! high] life-=ms f ! l[] is m lat]al ?an ! l9es indicate1 b ! diagram is only a r\gh attempt to %[ ! relative places ( ! lead+ gr\ps4 ,p4 #bah1 l9es #ad-ae4--,! dogmas ( s9 & its atonem5t4 ,a/ronom]s tell u t !re are "s #ejj1jjj1jjj suns visible f our e>?1 _m if n mo/ ( !m l>g] ?an our sun1 & all ( !m presumably surr\nd$ by planets at lea/ z important z our e>?2 & to ma9ta9 ! old !ological view ( ! supreme value ( ?is little insignificant planet 9 ! eyes ( ! ',almighty ,rul]' ( su* a univ]se1 or to suppose t ,he w\ld s5d ,8 ',only ,son' to die = u little cosmic microbes1 is presumption :i*1 :5 "o ?9ks ( x1 really seems to am\nt to insanity 7quot$ f p4 #ajh ( ,ri*>d ,h>te's ,lay ,religion74 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,p4 #bbj1 l9e #a4--;,deism d5ies ,*ri/ianity4 ,god1 says ,canon ,liddon1 is bani%$ f ! _w by deism1 :i* puts nature 9 ,8 place 7,"s ,elem5ts ( ,religion1 pp4 #ef-g74 ,! sev5te5? & eighte5?-c5tury dei/s1 h[ev]1 did n d5y ! p]sonality ( ,god1 b ! fact ( revelation4 ,9 rec5t !ology deism has g5]ally come to be reg>d$ z1 9 common ) !ism1 hold+ 9 opposition to a!ism t !re is a ,god1 & 9 opposition to pan!ism t ,god is di/9ct f ! _w1 b z diff]+ f !ism 9 ma9ta9+ t ,god is sep>ate f ! _w1 hav+ end[$ x ) self-su/a9+ & self-act+ p[]s1 & !n ab&on$ x to itself 7,enc4 ,brit41 art4 ,!ism74 ,p4 #bba1 l9e #h4--,:at x is to be a ,*ri/ian4 ,ar*deacon ,wilson av]s t ,we d>e n d5y ! "n ( ,*ri/ian to su* z live 9 ,*ri/'s _s & d ,8 w1 ?\gh !y "k n = c]ta9 h[ ,god manife/$ himself 9 ,*ri/1 & w n pr(ess a c]ta9ty !y d n feel4 ,aga91 he argues t ,we re/ on ! broad gr\nd ( ! va/ exp]i5ce ( ! _w1 & ! te/imony ( our own consci5ce1 t ,*ri/ has lift$ mank9d up1 & %[n man :at is good2 & ?is we may describe z br++ man to ,god1 & reveal+ ,god to man4 ,?is r$emption1 salvation1 we ackn[l$ge z a fact4 ,he :o has ?is fai? 9 ,*ri/1 & lets x "w its natural result 9 mak+ him m l ,*ri/1 des]ves to be call$ a ,*ri/ian4 ,?is does1 inde$1 give pl5ty ( latitude--f> m1 9 fact1 ?an ! ,*ur* z a body seems likely to give = "s "t to come4 ,x1 & ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,j4 ,campbell's ,new ,!ology1 w c]ta9ly enable _m :o are 9 reality non-,*ri/ian !i/s to cont9ue call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians4 ,p4 #bbd1 note4--,haeckel's ,critics ,answ]$4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,god !re is a /rik+ exposition ( ! v late/ argum5ts = & aga9/ ,!ism4 ,! op9ions ( ,messrs4 ,w>d1 ,newman1 ,smy!1 ,le ,conte1 ,fiske1 ,w4 ,n4 ,cl>ke1 ,croll1 ,aubrey ,moore1 ,iv]a*1 ,dall+]1 ,ball>d1 ,rhondda ,williams1 ,pr(eit1 ,k5n$y1 ,w4 ,james1 & ,royce are all consid]$4 ,_m pi\s ,*ri/ians may h read ! apologi/s' criticisms ( ,haeckel's well-kn[n "w1 ,! ,riddle ( ! ,univ]se1 b few w h /udi$ ! "w itself1 & /ill few] ^! cle> & conv9c+ replies to ! criticisms4 ,x _c be on acc\nt ( ! co/1 z a copy ( ! *eap edition ( ei!r ( ^! works c be obta9$ = #d #a_/b;d4 ,p4 #bec1 l9es #be-f4--,"s su* psy*ical exp]i5ces l>gely acc\nt = religi\s sup]/itions4 ,) reg>d to ph5om5a at pres5t popul>ly kn[n z spirituali/ic1 b = :i* sci5ti/s h n[ adopt$ ! t]m metapsy*ical1 ! foll[+ decl>ation by ,pr(essor ,lombroso 7appe>+ 9 ! review ,la ,lettura1 ,novemb]1 #aijf7 is ( consid]able int]e/4 ,z ! result1 he writes1 ( our rese>*es1 ,i h be5 b\nd to admit ! conviction t ^! ph5om5a are ( colossal importance1 & t x is ! pla9 duty ( sci5ce to direct att5tion t[>ds !m )\t delay4 ,n4,b4--,! ,pr(essor1 :5 int]view$ subsequ5tly by ! ,tur9 correspond5t ( ! ,/&>d1 repudiat$ any sugge/ion ( sup]natural ag5cy1 & said3 ,all spirituali/ic ph5om5a c be und]/ood & expla9$ )\t any ref]5ce to ! int]v5tion ( ! sup]natural4 ,spirituali/s affirm t ! s\l is an emanation f ,god1 :ile ,i cont5d t x is an emanation ( ! bra94 ,?is is ! :ole ?+ 9 a nut%ell4 ,y !re=e see h[1 f ?is po9t ( view1 ,i _c be call$ a spirituali/--at lea/1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! t]m is g5]ally und]/ood4 ,almo/ all spirituali/ic ph5om5a c be class$ among ^? positive facts :i* sci5ce c expla94 ,h[ev]1 9 an article contribut$ by him to ! ,gr& ,magaz9e = ,janu>y1 #aijg1 & entitl$ ,:y ,i became a ,spirituali/1 ,pr(essor ,lombroso admits t he has felt himself compell$ to yield to ! conviction t spirituali/ic ph5om5a1 if due 9 great "p to ! influ5ce ( ! m$ium1 are likewise attributable to ! influ5ce ( extra-t]re/rial exi/5ces1 :i* may1 p]haps1 be comp>$ to ! radio-activity :i* /ill p]si/s 9 tubes aft] ! radium :i* orig9at$ !m has disappe>$4 ,pr(essor ,ces>e ,lombroso1 x may be m5tion$1 is ,pr(essor ( ,psy*iatry at ! ,univ]sity ( ,tur91 & ! au?or ( /&>d works on crim9ology1 hypnotism1 & psy*ology1 z well z ( a numb] ( valuable treatises relat+ to c]ebral /udy4 ,two ( 8 publications1 ,man ( ,g5ius 7#ahia7 & ,female ,(f5d] 7#ahie71 h be5 issu$ 9 ,engli%4 ,! ph5om5a ,pr(essor ,lombroso ref]s to are ^? :i* h induc$ su* em95t sci5ti/s z ,wallace1 ,lodge1 ,hyslop1 ,b>rett1 & ,crookes to rema9 or to become sup]naturali/s4 ,"o1 & to my m9d ! *ief1 reason :y ^! metapsy*ical ph5om5a are1 z ,pr(essor ,lombroso tells u1 ( colossal importance--:y sci5ce %\ld direct att5tion t[>ds !m )\t delay--is t1 s soon z !y are univ]sally ackn[l$g$ to be manife/ations occurr+ 9 ob$i5ce to "o ( ,nature's laws--a law z yet n fully und]/ood--! la/ excuse = belief 9 ! sup]natural w h vani%$4 ,sup]naturalism w receive its dea?-bl[1 & ,rationalism be infus$ ) fre% life4 ,p4 #bed1 l9e #bh4--,pr(essor ,james--an e>ne/ *ampion ( religion4 ,9 def9+ 8 philosophic position he admits 8 own inability to accept ei!r popul> ,*ri/ianity or s*ola/ic ,!ism 7see 8 ,po/script1 p4 #eba74 ,he is ( op9ion t bo? ! metaphysical argum5t = ,god's exi/5ce & ! argum5ts = a ,god ) moral attributes mu/ be reject$1 & ! man :o is s9c]e ) himself & ! facts1 b :o rema9s religi\s /ill1 mu/ soo! 8 p]plex$ & baffl$ intellect ) a tru/ful s5se ( pres5ce 7ibid1 pp4 #dde-h74 ,a c>eful p]usal ( 8 book1 h[ev]1 makes x tol]ably cle> t ?is feel+ ( ! pres5ce ( ,spiritual ,be+s is simply a halluc9ation4 ,p4 #bef1 l9es #bb-bf4--,!re has nev] yet be5 a case ( a ,mohamm$an or a ,h9doo1 or any o!r non-,*ri/ian1 :o1 )\t hav+ he>d ( ,*ri/ianity1 has _h a revelation ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,*et ,ram1 ! f\nd] ( a sect ^: numb]s1 accord+ to ! la/ ,indian c5sus1 are increas+ day by day1 began by be+ a ,h9du1 & !n became ! disciple ( a ,mohamm$an fakir 9 ! ,punjab4 ,aft] foll[+ him = "s ye>s he _h :at he describ$ z a vision ( ,*ri/1 :o reveal$ ,himself z ! au?or ( salvation1 & comm&$ him 7,*et ,ram7 to build a *ur* & to place )9 x ! ,bible4 ,he 0 himself illit]ate1 b imm$iately began to proclaim ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 & 0 soon foll[$ by disciples recruit$ alike f ! ,h9dus & ! ,moslems4 ,x is religi\s exp]i5ces su* z ^! :i* cont9ue to deceive ev5 educat$ m5 & wom51 & h9d] ! gr[? ( ,rationalism4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,p4 #bhe1 l9es #aj-aa4--,! gha/ly dea? ( ! wit*4 ,x is impossible to leave ! hi/ory ( wit*craft )\t reflect+ h[ va/ an am\nt ( suff]+ has1 9 ?is respect at lea/1 be5 remov$ by ! progress ( rationali/ic civilisation4444 ,x is probable t no class ( victims endur$ suff]+s s unalloy$ & s int5se4444 ,all ^! suff]+s 7 ! result ( a s+le sup]/ition1 :i* ! _s ( ,rationalism has de/roy$4 7,see pp4 #acg-h ( ,lecky's ,rationalism 9 ,europe1 ,longmans1 ,gre51 ,co41 #aijd47 ,pp4 #bij-if1 & p4 #bid1 note #d4 ,! foll[+ are "s fur!r notes on ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity3-- ,:51 aft] m ?an ?ree c5turies1 ! spread became fairly rapid1 ow+1 z we h se51 to circum/ances ( a di/9ctly mundane "*1 :at 0 ! effect on public morality8 ,! ,roman ,empire pass$ its z5i? 9 ! fir/ half ( ! second c5tury--"u ,/oics4 ,hi/orians agree t x 0 decl9+ all ?r\gh ! ?ird c5tury4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 mak+ fre% progress morally 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,x det]iorat$ morally aft] ,a4,d4 #chj-ij1 ! date ( ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,d ^! facts be> out ! ,*ri/ian cont5tion t ,*ri/ianity purifies empire8 ,if we cont9ue ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity's spread1 we f9d simil> samples ( ,div9e ,provid5ce & simil> samples ( moral progress4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! facts connect$ ) ! conv]sion ( ! b>b>ians1 z relat$ by ! au?or ( ! apologetic "w1 ,b5eficial ,influ5ce ( ! ,anci5t ,cl]gy4 ,we le>n t ,_m a deviation f primitive simplicity1 dang]\s ?\gh x might ju/ly seem to ! integrity ( ! ,roman fai?1 0 productive ( consequ5ces ! mo/ mom5t\s to tribes :o rev]5c$ pr9cipally ! pomp & my/]i\s c]emony att5dant on ! fai? :i* !y embrac$1 & w\ld h scorn$ to b[ d[n be=e prie/s or alt>s ^: faultless humility m]ely recall$ ! rude %r9es ( _! native =e/s4 ,also we le>n t ! lavi% piety ( b>b>ian sov]eigns direct$ ! plund] ( suff]+ l&s into ! capaci\s c(f]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,al?\gh ?is l$ to ! mo/ fatal p]iod ( cl]ical corruption1 our apologi/ is yet able to see 9 x ! guid+ h& ( ,provid5ce e/abli%+ ! con/ant gr&eur ( ! ecclesia/ical edifice6 ,9 ,c5tral ,europe x 0 by =ce ( arms t ,*>lemagne succe$$ 9 spread+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,x _c be d\bt$1 we are told1 t ! conqu]+ ho/s ( ! ,franks 7 f> m effective 9 ! conv]sion ( ,c5tral ,europe ?an c\ld h be5 ! mo/ self-d5y+ ( mission>ies1 or ! mo/ und\bt$ly miracul\s ( ,italian relics4 ,?is fre% spread took place t[>ds ! close ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,aft] a hundr$ ye>s or s = ! leav5 to "w1 we %\ld expect to see a di/9ct advance 9 morality among bo? ! cl]gy & ! laity4 ,we f9d1 on ! contr>y1 t dur+ ! :ole ( ! t5? c5tury ! spectacle pres5t$ by society 0 revolt+4 ,n only did ! cl]ical body pres5t sure tok5s ( t gigantic canc] :i* 0 wa/+ ! en]gies ( ! ,*ur*1 b _! deg5]acy 0 reliev$ by no?+ t 0 noble or praisewor?y among ! laity4 ,p4 #cae1 l9es #c-d4--,! ,rationali/ic explanation ( t ess5ce ( ! religi\s in/9ct1 belief 9 an aft]-life4 ,et]nity is at be/ b an artificial idea2 9 reality1 x is no true idea at all1 s9ce we _c conceive x2 x is only ! negation ( an idea1 be+1 9 fact1 ! negation ( t :i* passes away4 ,:5 we beg9 discuss+ et]nity we see t1 f ! po9t ( view ( natural sci5ce1 no?+ is et]nal except ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt] & _! =ces2 = no "o ( ! ?\s&fold ph5om5a & comb9ations "u :i* matt] & =ce pres5t !mselves to u c be et]nal 7,weismann on ,h]$ity1 vol4 ii41 p4 #gd ,ox=d1 ,cl>5don ,press1 #ahib74 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,p4 #cca1 l9es #ae-af4--;,a k9d ( undef9$1 b nev]!less pot5t & s]viceable1 religion4 ,! ,rev4 ,h5ry ,scott ,jeffreys1 ( ,s5dai1 contribut$ a pap]1 entitl$ ,"s ( ! ,native ,virtues ( ! ,japanese ,p1 to ! ,japan ,evangeli/4 ,! foll[+ are "s1 out ( _m1 exce$+ly significant admissions3--,aft] sev5 ye>s' resid5ce among ?is p1 ,i wi% to place on record my humble te/imony to _! native virtues4 ,i ref] to virtues t belong to ! ,japanese p )\t ref]5ce to _! fai?4 ,9 ?is connection x may be said t p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable "p is _! devotion to e?ics alone1 utt]ly divorc$ f religion4 ,!y love virtue = its own sake1 & n f fe> ( puni%m5t or hope ( rew>d4444 ,!y h elim9at$ f _! sy/em ( e?ics n only heav5 & hell1 b ,god also4444 ,to be sure1 !re are religions 7s-call$71 bo? native & =eign2 b !y h little effect ^u ! popul> consci5ce4444 ,! conv]sion ( ?is p to ! ,*ri/ian fai? is a mo/ complex & p]plex+ problem2 n because !y are s bad1 b because !y are s good4 ,p4 #ccd1 l9es #bi-ca4--;,crime & bad lives w be ! measure ( a ,/ate's failure4 ,x is cu/om>y to sc\t ! idea ( ,/ate control z ! panacea = social evils4 ,"o is w>n$ aga9/ gr&mo!rly legislation1 int]f]5ce ) ! lib]ty ( ! private individual1 etc4 ,i may be p]mitt$1 !re=e1 to give an illu/ration ( its b5eficial effect4 ,! ,go!nburg sy/em1 by :i* ! liquor traffic is judici\sly controll$1 has1 9 spite ( all opposition1 f\ght its way victori\sly1 & is n[ adopt$1 al?\gh p>tly modifi$1 9 mo/ t[ns 9 ,sw$51 & also 9 ,norway & ,f9l&4 ,?us ! evil effects ( dr9k h be5 consid]ably mitigat$2 intemp]ance1 paup]ism1 & vice h be5 r$uc$4 ,w\ld n legislation ( ?is nature = ! removal ( ,engl&'s greate/ curse be f> bett] ?an half-he>t$ measures t are palliative r ?an rem$ial8 ,n[ t ! ,*ur* has tak5 up ! temp]ance cause1 c\ld %e n br+ h] great influ5ce to be> t[>ds ! introduction ( "s su* sy/em1 pitt+ h]self aga9/ ve/$ int]e/s8 ,rem>kable "w is be+ c>ri$ on by ! ,dani% temp]ance societies on ! basis ( all[+ _! memb]s to reg>d be] ( l[ alcoholic /r5g? z a temp]ance bev]age4 ,au/ralia has be5 wat*+ ,new ,zeal& 9 ! matt] ( dr9k re=m1 & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 at any rate1 has f\nd x necess>y to fulfil pl$ges giv5 at ! la/ g5]al election1 ) ! result t1 among a c]ta9 class1 !re is an imm5se dim9ution 9 ! temptation to dr9k4 ,:]e ! nature ( ! case dem&s x1 m dra/ic rem$ies mu/ be appli$4 ,?us ,belgium has =bidd5 ! v pres5ce ( abs9! )9 h] bord]s1 & 9 ,switz]l&--9 "s ( ! cantons1 at all ev5ts--! au?orities h made up _! m9ds to prohibit ! manufacture & sale ( abs9!4 ,ev5 9 ,*9a an edict has n[ be5 promulgat$ = ! abolition ( ! use ( opium1 & an anti-opium movem5t is spread+ :i* bids fair to emb>rass ! int]e/$ abettor ( ! vice--a ,*ri/ian ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 _! volume1 ,! ,mak+ ( ! ,crim9al 7,macmillan ,co471 ,messrs4 ,c4 ,e4 ,b4 ,russell & ,l4 ,m4 ,rigby confirm ! n[ g5]ally accept$ view t x is1 z a rule1 betwe5 ! ages ( sixte5 & tw5ty-"o t ! habitual crim9al is made1 & %[ t juv5ile crime is a product ( ! wret*$ economic1 social1 & family condition 9 :i* s _m unhappy *ildr5 are born & h to live4 ,! crim9al is also recruit$1 z ,dr4 ,w4 ,d4 ,morrison po9ts out 79 a review ( _! book appe>+ 9 ! ,tribune1 ,decemb] #ab?1 #aijf71 f ^? ^: home & social antec$5ts may be good en\gh1 b :o are !mselves ei!r m5tally or physically bel[ ! av]age ( ! g5]al community1 & :o1 !re=e1 :5 times are bad1 drift ins5sibly into crime4 ,:5 to all ?is unfav\rable environm5t we add an unfav\rable h]$ity1 we get a conjunction ( circum/ances aga9/ :i* x is q impossible = ! un=tunate to cont5d1 ev5 ?\gh he be aid$ by ! gift ( freewill & by all ! int]cessory pray]s ( ! ,*ur*es4 ,! ,bor/al sy/em & o!r rem$ies recomm5d$ 9 ,! ,mak+ ( ! ,crim9al are excell5t 9 _! way1 b c be reg>d$ only z palliatives4 ,!y deal ) ! crim9al aft] he has be5 made4 ,:at is want$ is1 to quote ,dr4 ,morrison1 a wise & progressive /atesman%ip :i* w cut (f crime at its roots--a /atesman%ip :i* w devote itself ) c>e & =esight to ameliorat+ ! :ole mat]ial & moral conditions ( exi/5ce ( ! workman1 ! woman1 & ! *ild4 ,& ?is /atesman%ip w take an enlight5$ view ( ! population "q1 recognis+ t x is 9 ! dim9ution ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 n 9 ! rise ( ! bir?-rate1 t ! mat]ial & moral condition ( ! p c be ameliorat$4 ,p4 #ccf1 note4--,psy*ical rese>* w lead to ! discov]y ( a complete & sci5tific me?od = ! t\gh5+ ( our moral fibres4 ,a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago ,proctor rem>k$ 7see pp4 #bjc-d ( 8 essays1 ,r\gh ,ways ,made ,smoo?7 t ! ph5om5a ( hypnotism promise to af=d valuable means ( cur+ c]ta9 ailm5ts1 & ( influ5c+ 9 useful ways c]ta9 p[]s & functions ( ! body4 ,he recognis$ possibilities :i*1 duly develop$1 might be f\nd ( extreme value to ! human race4 ,s9ce ^! words 7 utt]$ ?is bran* ( sci5ce has n /ood /ill1 & !re seems e prospect t 8 prophecy w be fulfill$ 9 ! ne> future4 ,!re are n[ cl9iques = hypnotic treatm5t 9 ,france 7,dr4 ,brillon's 9 ,p>is1 = example71 ,g]many1 ,belgium1 ,sw$51 ,holl&1 ,switz]l&1 & ,am]ica4 ,! comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t revival ( hypnotism 9 ,engl&1 f its m$ical side1 0 app>5tly due to ,dr4 ,lloyd ,tuckey1 :o happ5$ to be 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,nancy 9 ,augu/1 #ahhh1 & visit$ ,libeault out ( curiosity 7see p4 #ce ( ,dr4 ,milne ,bramwell's ,hypnotism3 ,its ,hi/ory1 ,practice1 & ,!ory ,alex&] ,mor+1 ,hanov] ,squ>e1 ,london2 #bnd ed41 #aijf74 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! facts ab\t ! matt] :i* %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood & widely made kn[n3-- 7#a7 ,! object ( all hypnotic treatm5t ought to be ! developm5t ( ! pati5t's control ( 8 own organism 7see p4 #dcf ( ,hypnotism3 ,its ,hi/ory1 ,practice1 & ,!ory74 7#b7 ,! hypnotic control may be obta9$ )\t any ef=t on ! "p ( ! op]ator1 ! ef=t =m]ly suppos$ to be requir$ be+ purely imag9>y1 & ! hypnotic /ate be+1 9 fact1 obta9$ )\t any op]ation :atev]4 ,inde$1 x has n[ be5 f\nd t = curative purposes ! sugge/ion may be convey$ )\t ?r[+ ! pati5t into ! hypnotic condition1 & t anyone n absolutely an idiot or insane may be am5able to ! treatm5t4 7#c7 ,bo? ',sci5ti/' ! au?or is speak+ ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/s & ,sugge/ioni/ also use ! same me?od = creat+ belief--namely1 ,ass]tion4444 ,ass]tions are n made clumsily1 ignorantly1 & at r&om1 z ass]tions are 9 our daily int]c\rse1 b are made skilfully1 ) a purpose1 & ) a k ( ! effects !y w produce 7see p4 #i ( ! late ,ri*>d ,h>te's ,! ,new ,psy*ology2 or1 ,! ,secret ( ,happ9ess ,f[l] ,co41 ,london & ,new ,york74 ,is ?is "o ( ! reasons :y ! believ] is able to cont9ue a believ] 9 spite ( all dispro(8 ,c]ta9ly he is con/antly repeat+ ass]tions1 & sometimes ^! mu/ get ?r\gh to 8 sublim9al consci\sness--8 subjective m9d4 7#d7 ,auto-sugge/ion4 ,! sugge/ion %\ld be made :5 y are compos+ y\rself to sleep4 ,dr4 ,bramwell tells me t ! be/ "t is on fir/ wak+ 9 ! morn+1 be=e doz+ (f aga94 7#e7 ,_m cases ( functional n]v\s disord] h recov]$ "u hypnotic treatm5t aft] ! cont9u$ failure ( o!r me?ods4444 ,fur!r1 ! diseases :i* frequ5tly respond to hypnotic treatm5t are (t5 ^? 9 :i* drugs are ( little or no avail4 ,= example1 :at m$ic9e w\ld "o prescribe = a man :o1 9 ! mid/ ( m5tal & physical heal?1 _h sudd5ly become ! prey ( an obsession8 7see p4 #dce ( ,hypnotism3 ,its ,hi/ory1 ,practice1 & ,!ory74 7#f7 ,! volition is increas$ & ! moral /&>d rais$ 7see p4 #dcg ( ,hypnotism1 etc474 ,exp]i5ce proves t 'pr9ciples' in/ill$ into anyone :ile 9 ! hypnotic condition become irrevocably 8 fix$ 9 ! m9d 7p4 #c ( ,ri*>d ,h>te's ,hypnotism & ! ,doctors74 ,?us deg5]ates1 dipsomaniacs1 morph9omaniacs1 kleptomaniacs1 sexual p]v]ts1 & o!r un=tunates1 may be reclaim$4 7#g7 ',sugge/ion' is ( univ]sal application1 & ( incalculable p[] = good 9 almo/ e dep>tm5t ( human life4444 ,! ?ree pr9cipal ways 9 :i* sugge/ion 7:i* has be5 call$ '! active pr9ciple' ( hypnotism7 affects human be+s b5eficially1 9 addition to cur+ diseases1 are3 ,by facilitat+ education2 by prev5t+ crime1 & re=m+ ! crim9al2 & by rais+ ! g5]al /&>d ( manl9ess--( c\rage1 ( indep5d5ce ( "*1 & ( respect = self & o!rs 7ibid1 pp4 #b-d74 ,note4--,! ,m$ical ,society = ! ,/udy ( ,sugge/ive ,!rapeutics 0 con/itut$ at ! close ( #aijf4 ,let u hope t x w soon rival ! fl\ri%+ ,fr5* ,socit d',hypnotisme et de ,psy*ologie4 ,p4 #ccg1 l9es #e-f4--;,x is ! quality1 n ! quantity1 ( our *ildr5 t we h to keep to ! =efront4 ,?is is ! great problem 9 a nut%ell3 to improve ! quality & dim9i% ! quantity ( mank9d--t is1 9 proportion to ! means ( secur+ = ea* a truly human life4 ,is n ! quality r ?an ! quantity ( *ildr5 ! ?+ to be aim$ at8 7,mona ,caird & ,lady ,grove on ,! ,position ( ,wom51 see pp4 #aah & #abh ( ! ,=tnightly ,review = ,july1 #aije74 ,besides1 if we cont9u$ to ma9ta9 ! high bir?-rate ( ! mid-,victorian epo*1 x is c]ta9 t1 9 ! c\rse ( a few g5]ations1 !re w\ld be no elb[-room left 9 our little isl&s4 ,already1 inde$1 ,great ,brita9 is1 f _m po9ts ( view1 ov]-populat$4 ,if all ! p :o are n[ cr[d$ toge!r 9 ! slums ( our great t[ns 7 scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry1 !re w\ld be practically no c\ntry left4 ,engl& w\ld h become a va/ suburb4 ,t is n an ideal to :i* any patriotic ,engli%man w\ld c>e to look =w>d4 ,space & quiet are ess5tial = ! developm5t ( "s ( ! be/ qualities ( human be+s1 & ^? p]sons :o too ha/ily regret a decl9e 9 ! bir?-rate mu/ expla9 h[ !y propose to reconcile ^! ess5tials ) an unlimit$ increase ( our pres5t population 7,! ,daily ,graphic1 ,augu/ #g?1 #aije1 art4 ,a ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate74 ,ov]-population spells /rife1 squalor1 vice1 crime--mis]y4 ,dr4 ,b>n>dos & ,g5]al ,boo?s may get ov] ! unemploy$ difficulty by s*emes = emigration to ,canada & else:]e2 b ?is is1 at be/1 only a v tempor>y rem$y4 ,z x is1 ?\s&s ( :ite m5 are liv+ & dy+ 9 climates = :i* !y are unadapt$2 :ile 9 "s cases--9 c]ta9 portions ( ,africa1 = example--!y are ou/+ & mak+ life a bur!n to ! races t are adapt$4 ,we h only to look f> en\gh ahead to discov] t ! "t mu/ come :5 ! _w w\ld s teem ) human-k9d t ev5 a ,bi%op ( ,london or a ,presid5t ,roosevelt w\ld h to cry ,hold6 ,en\gh6 ,at ! pres5t mom5t ?is problem presses = a v e>ly solution 9 ,india4 ,= _m mon?s 9 ! ye>1 z ,i h aga9 & aga9 se5 ) my own eyes1 masses ( ! agricultural population are entirely )\t employm5t4 ,h5ce ! con/antly recurr+ fam9es1 or p>tial fam9es1 9 ye>s ( bad or indiff]5t ra9fall4 ,! population problem1 be+ intimately connect$ ) _m ano!r problem1 is "o ( ! utmo/ gravity2 b1 s long z m5 hold t to increase & multiply is ! comm& ( ,god & a duty we owe to ! ,/ate1 x w nev] be rightly1 nev] be s5sibly1 solv$4 ,p4,s4--,millions are />v+ 9 ,*9a n[ 7,febru>y1 #aijg74 ,p4 #cde1 l9e #c4--,! ,moral ,in/ruction ,league4 ,! object ( ! ,moral ,in/ruction ,league 7#ai1 ,buck+ham ,/reet1 ,/r&1 ,london1 ,w4,c47 is to introduce sy/ematic non-!ological moral in/ruction into all s*ools1 & to make ! =mation ( "* ! *ief aim ( s*ool life4 ,_! cont5tion is--& x seems a wise "o--t e?ical pr9ciples on :i* we all agree %\ld n be associat$ 9 ! s*ools ( ! ,/ate ) !ological pr9ciples on :i* we all diff]4 ,already c]ta9 education au?orities are provid+ = sy/ematic moral in/ruction ( a purely secul> nature4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,rid+ s*eme x is expressly /at$ t x is to be "p ( ! secul> in/ruction1 :ile ! ,*e%ire s*eme emphatically lays d[n t ! moral in/ruction mu/ be non-!ological4 ,! au?orities ( ,groton1 ,blackpool1 ,norwi*1 ,york1 & else:]e1 h suppli$ all ! tea*]s ( _! s*ools ) copies ( ! ,moral ,in/ruction ,league's ,graduat$ ,syllabus ( ,moral ,in/ruction = ,elem5t>y ,s*ools4 ,! ,we/ ,rid+ ,education ,au?ority has adopt$ ! ,syllabus1 & x is n[ 9 use 9 ! #a1bgj s*ools1 ,provid$ & ,non-,provid$1 ( t au?ority4 ,9 addition to ^!1 num]\s education au?orities h decid$ to make provision = moral in/ruction a "p ( ! secul> in/ruction 9 _! s*ools4 ,s mu* t is untrue has be5 said ab\t ! results ( a purely secul> education by its /r5u\s oppon5ts t x is high "t = ! real tru? to be kn[n4 ,?is my read]s w f9d 9 ,mr4 ,joseph ,mc,cabe's tractate1 ,! ,tru? ,ab\t ,secul> ,education3 ,its ,hi/ory & ,results 7,watts ,co41 #aijf1 pap] cov]s1 #f;d474 ,among "s excell5t works int5d$ to assi/ p>5ts & tea*]s 9 ! non-!ological "*-tra9+ ( *ildr51 ,i may m5tion ,f4 ,j4 ,g\ld's ,! ,*ildr5's ,book ( ,moral ,lessons1 9 ?ree s]ies 7,watts ,co471 ,hackwood's ,notes ( ,lessons on ,moral ,subjects1 ,alice ,*e/]ton's ,! ,g>d5 ( ,*ildhood 7,sonn5s*e971 ,dr4 ,felix ,adl]'s ,! ,moral ,in/ruction ( ,*ildr5 7,edw>d ,arnold71 ! ,moral ,in/ruction ,league & also ! ,leice/] ,syllabus1 & ,a4 ,j4 ,waldegrave's ,a ,tea*]'s ,h&book ( ,moral ,lessons 7,sonn5s*e974 ,dr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,hayw>d's ,secret ( ,h]b>t1 a p[]ful appeal to ! tea*] on ! scope & urg5cy ( 8 moral mission1 is n[ re-issu$ at #f;d4 7,watts74 ,! translation ( ,dr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,fr/]'s ,leb5skunde1 a book replete ) illu/rative matt] = ! tea*]1 has be5 und]tak5 by ! ,moral ,in/ruction ,league4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,m4 ,salt]'s essay1 ,:y ,live a ,moral ,life8 is ( exceptional m]it4 ,?is & o!r e?ical essays may be obta9$ f ! ,secret>y ( ! ,union ( ,e?ical ,societies1 #ai1 ,buck+ham ,/reet1 ,/r&1 ,w4,c42 price "o p5ny ea*4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important contributions to e?ical sociology t has appe>$ = _m ye>s is a "w 9 two vols4 entitl$ ,morals 9 ,evolution 7,*apman ,hall2 #aijf71 by ,mr4 ,l4 ,t4 ,hobh\se4 ,i v5ture to pr$ict t x w ere long be recognis$ z ! /&>d "w on ! subject4 ,mr4 ,hobh\se1 x %\ld be not$1 nev] wav]s 9 8 ass]tion ( ! supremacy ( e?ics ov] all phases ( religion4 ,p4 #cej1 l9e #ae4--,! practices ( ! ,lat9 & ,greek ,*ur*es4 ,di>ies rec\nt+ ! sights se5 by a "l ( high degree 9 #adfe 7 publi%$ 9 #ahea by ! ,lit]>y ,society ( ,/uttg>t4 ,!y include an int]e/+ acc\nt ( all ! %r9es & relics se5 dur+ 8 travels ?r\gh ,we/]n ,europe4 ,! acc\nt ( ! relics :i* he saw 9 our own ,cant]bury ,ca!dral admits ( no curtailm5t3 ,fir/ we saw ! head-b& ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 a piece ( ,*ri/'s g>m5t1 & ?ree ?orns f ,8 ,cr[n2 !n we saw ! b$/ead ( ,/4 ,?omas & 8 bra91 & ! blood ( ,/4 ,?omas & ( ,/4 ,john ! ,apo/les4 ,we saw also ! sword ) :i* ,/4 ,?omas ( ,cant]bury 0 behead$2 ! hair ( ! ,"m ( ,god1 & a "p ( ! ,sepul*re4 ,!re 0 also %[n to u a "p ( ! %\ld] ( ! ,bless$ ,simeon1 :o bore ,*ri/ 9 8 arms2 ! head ( ! bless$ ,lu/rab5a2 "o leg ( ,/4 ,george2 a piece ( ! body & ! bones ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce2 a leg ( ! ,bi%op ( ,/4 ,romanus2 a cup ( ,/4 ,?omas1 :i* he _h be5 accu/om$ to use 9 adm9i/]+ ! ,sacram5t at ,cant]bury2 a leg ( ! ,virg9 ,milda2 a leg ( ! ,virg9 ,edu>da4 ,we also saw a too? & a f+] ( ,/4 ,/eph5 ! ,m>tyr2 bones ( ! ,virg9 ,ca!r9e1 & oil f h] sepul*re1 :i* is said to fl[ to ?is day2 hair ( ! bless$ ,virg9 sic6 ,magdal5e2 a too? ( ,/4 ,b5$ict2 a f+] ( ,/4 ,urban2 ! lips ( "o ( ! infants sla9 by ,h]od2 bones ( ! bless$ ,clem5t2 bones ( ,/4 ,v9c5t4 ,v _m o!r ?+s 7 also %[n to u1 :i* are n set d[n by me 9 ?is place4 ,v _m o!r ?+s h also be5 %[n to me dur+ my travels abroad 7f ,/4 ,anne de ,beaupr 9 ,quebec to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re 9 ,j]usalem7 :i* are n set d[n by me 9 ?is place1 & ,i may say t ! grotesqu5ess ( ! frauds t are p]petrat$ is only equall$ by ! gross ignorance & cr$ulity ( ! wor%ipp]s4 ,! numb] ( ^! relics scatt]$ ov] ,*ri/5dom mu/ am\nt to ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s4 ,to /op ! traffic 9 !m1 !re is n[ a regulation t if y buy a relic y commit mortal s94 ,! relics are /ill sold1 h[ev]2 only ! price is said to be = ! frame or = ! tr\ble1 or some?+ to t effect4 ,= a description ( ,la ,bottega del ,papa 7! ,pope's %op7 or ,la ,santa ,bottega 7! ,holy ,%op7 see ,dr4 ,rob]tson's book1 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,italy4 ,reg>d+ ! e>ly ,*ur*1 see ,bible ,my?s1 pp4 #dcd-dj4 ,p4 #cei1 l9es #g-aj4--,"s ( our greate/ div9es 444 condemn obscurantism & ! odium !ologicum4 ,we h a /rik+ example ( ?is 9 ,dean ,f>r>'s tractate1 ,! ,bible & ! ,*ild 7,james ,cl>ke ,co41 #ahig74 ,! passage runs z foll[s3 ,!re are a c]ta9 numb] ( p]sons :o1 :5 _! m9ds h become /]eotyp$ 9 =egone conclusions1 are simply incapable ( grasp+ new tru?s4 ,!y become ob/ructioni/s1 & n infrequ5tly bigot$ ob/ructioni/s4 ,z conv9c$ z ! ,pope ( _! own p]sonal infallibility1 _! attitude t[>ds ^? :o see t ! old views are no long] t5able is an attitude ( ang] & al>m4 ,?is is ! usual temp] ( ! odium !ologicum4 ,x w\ld1 if x c\ld1 grasp ! ?umbscrew & ! rack ( m$ival ,inquisitors1 & w\ld1 9 ! la/ res\rce1 h& ov] all oppon5ts to ! scaffold or ! /ake4 ,^? ^: intellects h be5 ?us petrifi$ by cu/om & advanc+ ye>s are1 ( all o!rs1 ! mo/ hopeless to deal )4 ,!y h made !mselves incapable ( fair & rational exam9ation ( ! tru?s :i* !y impugn4 ,!y ?9k !y c1 by m]e ass]tion1 ov]?r[ results arriv$ at by ! life-long inquiries ( ! able/ /ud5t1 :ile !y h n giv5 a day's s]i\s or imp>tial /udy to !m4 ,!y fancy t ev5 ! ignorant1 if only !y be :at is call$ or?odox1 are ju/ifi$ 9 /rong d5unciation ( m5 q z tru?ful1 & (t5 incomp>ably m able ?an !mselves4 ,(f-h& dogmati/s ( ?is /amp1 :o usually ab\nd among pr(essional religioni/s1 ?9k t !y c refute any numb] ( s*ol>s1 h[ev] pr(\nd & h[ev] pi\s1 if only !y %\t ',infidel' ) suffici5t l\dness4 ,p4 #cfg1 l9es #ba-b4--;,did n slav]y fl\ri% side by side ) ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*8 ,s]fdom 9 ,engl& 0 fully ext+ui%$ only 9 #afjj1 & ! ,act = ! ,abolition ( ,slav]y ?r\gh\t ! ,briti% ,colonies 0 pass$ only 9 #ahcc4 ,= eighte5 long c5turies ,*ri/ianity c\nt5anc$ ! atroci\s inhumanities ( ! slave trade4 ,! v irons us$ by ! native *iefs = %ackl+ ! prison]s :5 h&+ !m ov] to ! ,*ri/ian trad]s 7 made 9 ,birm+ham1 & ! greate/ horrors ( slav]y h be5 exhibit$ only "u ! rule ( ! ,*ri/ian slave-own]4 ,we c =m "s idea ( ! inhumanity !n display$ f ! treatm5t ( ! col\r$ races by ! :ite man 9 ,africa to-day4 ,read1 = in/ance1 ! acc\nts ( ! ,congo atrocities1 or ( ! ,g]man ,colonial sc&als4 ,read1 aga91 "s home-tru?s ab\t our own ,colonies 9 ,lab\r & o!r ,que/ions 9 ,s\? ,africa1 by ,m$icus 7,t4 ,fi%] ,unw91 #aijc74 ,! :ite man has inde$ a burd5 to be>--! burd5 ( 8 own iniquity4 ,reg>d+ negro slav]y1 ,dr4 ,we/]m>ck cle>ly %[s 79 8 "w1 ,! ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ! ,moral ,ideas7 t ?is sy/em ( slav]y1 :i*1 at lea/ 9 ! ,briti% ,colonies & ! slave ,/ates1 surpass$ 9 cruelty ! slav]y ( any pagan c\ntry1 anci5t or mod]n1 0 n only recognis$ by ,*ri/ian ,gov]nm5ts1 b 0 support$ by ! l>ge bulk ( ! cl]gy1 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant alike4 ,p4 #cfh1 l9es #be-h4--,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has be5 m cruel & %$ m human blood ?an any o!r ,*ur* or in/itution 9 ! _w4 ,let ! ,jew be> witness among ! cr[d ( victims4 ,hi/ory is repeat+ itself to-day1 & my previ\s allusions to ! pres5t situation 9 ,russia are all too brief4 ,i w\ld ask my read]s k9dly to put to !mselves ! foll[+ crucial que/ions3 ,to :at p>ty d ! religi\s bigots & _! p>tisans belong8 ,is x n to ! reaction>y p>ty1 ! p>ty t sets its face aga9/ re=m8 ,on :at d ! reaction>ies *iefly rely = ! ret5tion ( _! hold ^u ! bulk ( ! p8 ,is x n on a peasantry wall[+ 9 ignorance & /eep$ 9 sup]/ition8 ,:at are ! actual in/rum5ts employ$ = ma9ta9+ _! p[]8 ,d !y n consi/ ( corrupt (ficials & cruel ,cossacks8 ,:o are responsible = %ameless acts ( p]secution1 &1 inde$1 v l>gely = all ! blood%$1 /rife1 & an>*y8 ,is x n ! or?odox ,*ur* & h] support]s8 ,is x too mu* to say1 ) ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,lawson-,=/]1 t ! ,russian ,*ur* has become ! tool ( murd]]s8 7,mr4 ,lawson-,=/] express$ himself 9 ^! words :5 presid+ at ! great public meet+ held at ! ,brondesbury ,synagogue to prote/ aga9/ ! rec5t outrages 9 ,russia47 ,to :at p>ty d ! ,free?9k]s belong8 ,are !y n all1 ev]yone ( !m1 adh]5ts ( ! p>ty desir\s ( re=m & ( religi\s tol]ation8 ,) reg>d to religi\s p]secution g5]ally1 ,*ri/ians might /udy ) advantage ,buckle's ,hi/ory ( ,civilisation 9 ,engl&1 or ,lecky's ,hi/ory ( ! ,rise & ,influ5ce ( ! ,_s ( ,rationalism 9 ,europe1 or ,c4 ,t4 ,gorham's ,fai?3 ,its ,freaks & ,follies 7,rationali/ ,press ,association71 or ! late/ "w on ! subject1 ,religi\s ,p]secution1 by ,e4 ,s4 ,p4 ,haynes 7,duckwor?2 a revis$ edition has n[ be5 issu$ by ! ,r4 ,p4 ,a4 at #f;d474 ,few realise t ! fav\rite me?od = ov]com+ ! scruples ( ! h]etic--torture--0 us$ 9 ,engl& s late z #afdj4 ,pp4 #cga-b1 l9es #ca & #a-c4--;,hi/ory1 view$ z a :ole1 is no?+ b a succession ( /ruggles = exi/5ce among rival nations4 ,if ,major ,murray _h /opp$ %ort at (f]+ u a some:at highly col\r$ picture ( ! pa/ & pres5t conditions rul+ among ,*ri/ian nations1 & at inculcat+ ! necessity ( our be+ 9 read9ess to face ! inevitable1 few ( u w\ld be f\nd to qu>rel1 9 ! ma91 ) 8 conclusions4 ,b :5 he tells u t ,peace nev] has be51 & nev] w be italics are m9e1 z long z ! passions ( mank9d endure1 m ?an a lull betwe5 ! /orms ( w>1 !n ! bett]-in=m$ & peace-lov+ ,rationali/ w beg to diff] ) him4 ,he feels t ?is gospel ( univ]sal hatr$ is be+ c>ri$ too f>4 ,nev] is a v long "t4 ,major ,murray says3 ,no great nation w ev] submit to arbitration any int]e/ t x reg>ds z absolutely vital4 ,did n our ,briti% =efa!rs ?9k1 & ) m reason1 t m5 ( hon\r c\ld settle _! disputes only by ! duel8 ,may we n tru/ t ! decisions ( le>n$ & unbiass$ judges w be equitable1 & !re=e t _! acceptance w r$\nd to ! hon\r ( ! great nations conc]n$8 ,natural selection1 or1 z we h else:]e call$ x1 natural murd]1 ceas$ to h full p[] ov] m5 on ! day t man comm5c$ to control 8 environm5t4 ,s9ce !n he has be5 con/antly engag$ 9 mak+ nature d "s "w = him1 9 alt]+ ! environm5t 9 :i* he f9ds himself in/ead ( lett+ x alt] him4 ,n[ t he is equipp$1 bett] ?an ev] be=e 9 8 hi/ory1 = ?is task1 n[ t he has le>nt m ( ! secrets ( ,nature--( h] crude & cruel processes--is he go+ to acquiesce tamely1 & make no use ( 8 k8 ,n[ ! nature ( ! malady has be5 diagnos$1 & n[ ! prop] rem$ies h be5 discov]$1 w he n set ab\t ! cure8 ,is ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ) all its att5dant horrors1 to be p]petuat$8 ,does ! end--! survival ( ! fitte/--ju/ify ! means--ov]-production & murd]8 ,_c ! same & bett] results be atta9$ by a process less crude1 less cruel8 ,nature procures adaptation to exi/+ environm5t by me?ods fraught ) untold suff]+ = ! s5ti5t1 & ! obvi\s c\rse is = man to rev]se ! process1 br++ ! environm5t into h>mony ) 8 exi/+ con/itution4 ,( a tru?1 nature is1 z ,major ,murray rem9ds u1 r$ 9 too? & claw2 b sci5ce is bo? able & will+ to tame ! %rew4 ,p4 #cgd1 l9es #ae-ai4--,! ,"l mighty 9 battle is expect$ to take int]e/ 9 blood%$ 444 to fight = 8 p4 ,a p>ody appe>+ 9 an ev5+ pap] on ,novemb] #bi?1 #aija1 conveys a :olesome lesson on ?is subject4 ,le/ we =get1 ,i quote x at l5g?3-- ,,processional4 ,"l ,god ( ,battles1 :om we seek ,on cl\ds & tempe/s ?ron$ af>1 ,:5 tir$ ( be+ tamely weak1 ,we ,maffick into deadly w>2 ,if x %\ld *ance to be a s91 ,at lea/ enable u to w94 ,give to ! ,*ur*es fai? to pray ,= :at !y "k !y %\ldn't ask1 ,& su* ab\nd+ grace t !y ,may *e]fully p]=m ! task2 ,wave flags & loyally disc\nt ,t fatal ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,give to ! p /r5g? to be ,conv9c$ all happ5s = ! be/1 ,to see ! ?+ !y wi% to see1 ,& prud5tly ignore ! re/2 ,s prie/ & p %all comb9e ,to ga9 _! ends1 & call !m ,?9e4 ,p4 #cgd1 l9es #bc-d4--;,its ,*ri/ianity's impot5cy to c>ry out ?is1 "o ( its *ief missions4 ,9 no field ( its "w1 exclaims ,mr4 ,&rew ,c>negie1 does ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w--) out/&+ individual exceptions--s conspicu\sly fail z 9 its attitude to w>4 ,its sil5ce :5 outspok5 spee* might av]t w>1 its sil5ce dur+ w>'s sway1 its failure dur+ days ( peace to proclaim ! true ,*ri/ian doctr9es reg>d+ ! kill+ ( m51 give po9t to ! rec5t arraignm5t ( ! ,prime ,m9i/]1 :o decl>$ t ! ,*ur* to-day busi$ itself ) que/ions e4g41 ( ve/m5ts & c&les :i* did n weigh ev5 z du/ 9 ! balance comp>$ ) ! vital problems ) :i* x 0 call$ ^u to deal4 7,see reports ( ! c]emony at :i* ,mr4 ,c>negie 0 in/all$ z ,rector ( ,/4 ,&rew's ,univ]sity47 ,p4 #cgd1 l9es #bd-e4--,religion be+ frequ5tly ! actual occasion (1 ! /rife4 ,f ! ,crusades to ! ,crimea1 religion has cont9ually be5 ei!r directly or indirectly ! cause ( w>4 ,prote/ants1 :o may be ready to excuse ! w>s und]tak5 to drive ! infidels f ! ,holy ,l&1 w d well to rememb] t ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii41 besides proclaim+ ! fif? ( ^! crusades1 proclaim$ also ! infam\s crusade aga9/ ! ,albig5ses 7:o oppos$ ! corruptions ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome71 :5 ,simon de ,mont=t & ! ,pope's legate1 at ! head ( half a million ( m51 put to ! sword fri5d & foe1 m5 & wom51 say+1 ,god w f9d 8 own4 ,9 ! case ( t mis*iev\s & unnecess>y blund]1 ! ,crimean ,w>1 ! great masses ( ! ,russian p saw b a spirit$ def5ce ( ! ,cross aga9/ ! ,cresc5t1 :]e91 f _! po9t ( view1 ! infidel 0 be+ support$ by r5egade ,*ri/ians4 ,x 0 an appeal to ! religi\s emotions ( ! ,russian peasants--an ins9c]e appeal1 z hi/ory has discov]$--t l5t to ! la/ ,russo-,turki% w> a fictiti\s popul>ity4 ,p4 #cge1 l9es #f-g4--;,e ,rationali/1 e ,free?9k]1 is an hone/ advocate ( peace4 ,note ^! l9es by an em95t div9e & great dignit>y ( ! ,*ur*1 ,ar*bi%op ,alex&]1 ( ,armagh3-- ,& :5 ,i "k h[ noble natures =m "u ! r$ ra9 ( w>1 ,i deem x true ,t ,he :o made ! e>?quakes & ! /orm p]*ance made battle too4 ,& ^! by ! g5tle ,wordswor?1 ! poet ( sweet simplicity3-- ,b ,?y mo/ dread$ in/rum5t ,9 work+ out a pure int5t ,is man--array'd = mutual slaught]2 ,yea1 ,c>nage is ,?y daught]6 ,& comp>e3 ,! v ideas & ef=ts :i* h l$ m5 to /ruggle aga9/ ! ,papal ,*ur* are exactly ^? :i* are exorcis+ ! demon ( milit>ism f ! s\l ( ,france 7,contempor>y ,review = ,janu>y1 #aije1 art4 ,france & ,rome74 ,or aga9 ! foll[+1 report$ 9 ! daily pap]s3 ,a petition to /op ! w> betwe5 ,russia & ,japan owes its inception to ,signor ,c>lo ,romissi1 ,deputy & editor ( ! ,secolo ( ,milan4 ,! petition has p5etrat$ into e work%op1 h\sehold1 & s*ool1 & r\s$ ! p to a passionate desire = peace1 n only betwe5 ! bellig]5ts 9 ! ,f> ,ea/1 b betwe5 all nations4 ,! ,secolo is ! mo/ widely-read ,free?\ght pap] 9 ,italy4 ,?\gh x may be a long "t be=e our ef=ts are rew>d$1 is t any reason = n mak+ a comm5cem5t 9 ! "r direction8 ,let me give an in/ance4 ,! ef=t n[ be+ made to popul>ise ! int]national language ,esp]anto is "o su* comm5cem5t4 ,c\ld n ! ,*ur* sp>e a little ( h] milit>y ard\r 7exhibit$ 9 ! arm-*air & pulpit7 = support+ peaceful projects ( ?is nature8 ,?is "o1 at any rate1 among ! _m to be f\nd on ! ,rationali/ programme1 is n contr>y to h] tea*+2 b ,i h n z yet he>d ( any ecclesia/ical support to a s*eme t w und\bt$ly conduce to a bett] acqua9tance betwe5 ! peoples ( diff]5t nationalities4 ,x is ,rationali/ & lib]al-m9d$ philan?ropi/s 7,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,/ead1 e4g47 :o are at pres5t *iefly int]e/$ 9 ! movem5t4 ,dur+ ! ,bo] ,w> "o 0 cont9ually he>+ declamations f ! pulpit to ! effect t w> is a necess>y evil4 ,= in/ance1 ! late ,bi%op ( ,calcutta1 ,dr4 ,welldon1 actually advocat$ w> on ! gr\nd t x 0 a means ( keep+ a nation virile4 ,has ! ,bo] ,w> made u m virile8 ,:atev] ,imp]ial necessity !re may h be5 = x1 ow+ to blund]s 9 ! pa/ & ! exi/+ condition ( affairs1 ! c]ta9 effects ( x1 s f> z we c see1 h be5 ! untimely de/ruction ( "s ( ! fl[] ( our race1 sorr[ spread ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! l& by _m b]eavem5ts1 ! burd5 ( a great debt1 & ! unemploy$ "q r5d]$ m acute ?an ev]4 ,! bro!rhood ( man is a long way (f--x may nev] be rea*$2 b z an ideal x is bett] wor? hav+ ?an t ( half-a-doz5 sull5 empires1 trad+ only )9 _! own b\nd>ies1 & %ut up beh9d high t>iff walls ov] :i* !y pe] suspici\sly1 scann+ "o ano!r's exports & imports ) jeal\s eyes1 & mak+ f "t to "t fawn+ alliances ) "o rival1 :ile h>b\r+ enmity ) ano!r1 ma9ta9+ millions ( m5 "u arms & sp5d+ millions ( p\nds 9 armam5ts1 & all ! "t wait+1 wait+1 wait+ = an affright$ sun to rise ^u ! day ( ,armag$don4444 ,b nobl] ?+s lie be=e u & a bright] dawn4 7,see ,mr4 ,birrell's article1 ,patriotism & ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review = ,febru>y1 #aije47 ,,selections ,,f ,a ,,few 7,,( ,,_m7 ,,press ,,op9ions ,,on ,,e>li] ,,editions4 ,writt5 9 a temp]ate _s4--,times4 ,a well-pres5t$ & int]e/+ survey4--,daily ,telegraph4 ,a fre%ly ?\ght-out discussion ( ! :ole subject4 ,a temp]ate & well-reason$ /udy4--,scotsman4 ,a compreh5sive survey ( _m p]plex+ problems 444 full ( cog5t criticism & /imulat+ sugge/ion4--,tribune4 ,an absolutely s9c]e & sympa!tic contribution to ! controv]sy ( our "t4--,morn+ ,po/4 ,!re is mu* 9 ?is "w t des]ves close /udy4--,daily ,mail4 ,x is a v full1 lucid1 & c&id "w4--,morn+ ,lead]4 ,evid5ce on bo? sides is lucidly set =?4--,daily ,graphic4 ,by an able critic 444 is writt5 ) mod]ation & 9 a _s ( rev]5t inquiry 444 is manife/ly hone/1 & ! tone is dignifi$ & c\rte\s4--,york%ire ,po/4 ,!re is consid]able novelty 9 8 pres5tation ( 8 case4 ,he writes )\t bitt]ness or acrimony1 exhibit+1 inde$1 9 8 treatm5t a s*ol>ly m9d4--,academy4 ,i am glad to see a second & revis$ edition4--,t4 ,p4's ,weekly4 ,mr4 ,vivian's excell5t book4--,obs]v]4 ,des]ves att5tive consid]ation4--,john ,bull4 ,a c>eful & ?or\gh p]usal ( ?is book has l$ u to admire ! indu/ry1 c>efulness1 & lucidity ( ! writ]4--,london ,argus4 ,all we c d is to comm5d ?is book to ! s]i\s att5tion ( all :o h ! welf>e ( ,*ri/ianity--n m]e dogma--at he>t4--,public ,op9ion4 ,a clev] & lucid /atem5t ( ,rationalism4--,review ( ,reviews4 ,e compet5t critic seems to h recognis$ ! book z "o ( ! few :i* imm$iately comm& recognition1 & :i* are unhesitat+ly add$ to our classics4--,we/m9/] ,review4 ,illusions mu/ be grappl$ ) & exhibit$ z su* be=e p c be got to disc>d !m4 ,& z a guide to ! p]=mance ( t (fice ,mr4 ,vivian's book is ! be/ t c be nam$4--,albany ,review4 ,c&id & consci5ti\s4--,london ,qu>t]ly ,review4 ,! argum5ts ( ,agno/icism v cle>ly put4--,gu>dian4 ,mr4 ,vivian does n aim at bespatt]+ 8 oppon5ts ) mud4--,*ri/ian ,commonweal?4 ,ought to be c>efully /udi$ by prea*]s4--,*ri/ian ,_w4 ,is well wor? read+ by all :o h to d ) unbelief4--,me?odi/ ,times4 ,x is a frank & full inquiry into ! gr\nds ( mod]n unbelief1 & a ma/]ly plea = c&\r 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght4--,*ri/ian ,advocate4 ,calmly-reason$ criticism4444 ,writes 9 excell5t /yle4--,cl>ion4 ,mr4 ,vivian's book is an admirable reply to ,:5 x ,0 ,d>k4--,new ,age4 ,an int]e/+ & in/ructive book4--,positivi/ ,review4 ,?is book does mu* to %[ :]e rationalism c rightly influ5ce bo? our cre$ & our conduct4--,light 7devot$ to ! int]e/s ( psy*ical rese>*74 ,i am recomm5d+ x to ev]ybody :o is int]e/$ 9 ! religi\s problems ( ! h\r4--,! ,read]4 ,compreh5sive 9 scope1 judici\sly writt51 & embody+ an admirable selection ( facts4--,lit]>y ,guide4 ,! book is writt5 ) m>k$ ability4--,tea*]4 ,philip ,vivian is a cle> ?9k]1 :o has made a special /udy bo? ( ,*ri/ian evid5ces & ( comp>ative religions4--,j\rnal ( ,education4 ,compreh5sive1 sy/ematic1 & /r5u\s 444 bas$ on mu* k 444 v capable4--,educational ,times4 ,exhau/ive 444 up-to-date 444 claims ! respect ( ?9k+ p1 & dem&s ! pray]ful att5tion ( all ,*ri/ian tea*]s4--,bombay ,gazette4 ,any e>ne/1 ?\ghtful man may read ! volume ) consid]able pr(it4--,daily ,mail1 ,brisbane4 ,?\ghtful & evid5tly e>ne/ "w4--,h]ald1 ,melb\rne4 ,cle>1 =ceful1 fair1 & temp]ate4--,regi/]1 ,adelaide4 ,well arrang$ & well writt51 & add+ to-day's conclusions to ! polemics ( ! pa/4--,bullet91 ,sydney4 ,a reliable & useful guide4--,otago ,times1 ,new ,zeal&4 ,a heal?y tonic = p>sons & ,*ur*es4--,cape ,times4 ,a v /irr+ book4--,/>1 ,johannesburg4 ,_m ( its *apt]s are ( great int]e/4--,african ,mon?ly4 ,mr4 ,vivian has br\ght to 8 task wide read+ & a cle>1 judicial m9d2 nor has he fe>$ to foll[ 8 inve/igation to a logical end4--,_w1 ,toronto4 ,a clev] & frank writ]4--,_w1 ,vanc\v]4 ,f fir/ to la/ mo/ int]e/+ & in/ructive4--,japan ,*ronicle4 ,x conta9s 9 little space a summ>y ( mod]n k4--,*icago ,daily ,news4 ,a "w ( unusual cle>ness1 deal+ ) ! entire "q ( ! s-call$ conflict betwe5 religion & sci5ce4--,am]ican ,review ( ,reviews4 ,w appeal to ! wide/ possible range ( read]s4--,new ,york ,h]ald4 ,,notes #a ,9 ! ,june 7#aijf7 numb] ( ,review ( ,!ology & ,philosophy1 edit$ by ,pr(essor ,allan ,m5zies1 ,d4,d4 #b ,z ! ,rev4 ,john ,a4 ,hutton attempts to %[ 9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,july1 #aije4 #c ,9 8 address at ! ,london ,diocesan ,conf]5ce 9 ,april1 #aijd4 #d ,:5 address+ a conf]5ce ( cl]gy & *ur*-work]s at ,bl&=d on ,septemb] #g?1 #aije4 #e ,9 ! c\rse ( "o ( ^? rem>kable orations ( 8 :i* always comm& ! ?\ghtful att5tion ( ! ,h\se4 ,! spee* 0 report$ 9 ! newspap]s ( ,m>* #ae?1 #aijd4 #f ,see ,dr4 ,horton's lett] to ! ,daily ,news1 ,augu/ #bcrd1 #aije4 #g ,! ,rev4 ,*>les ,voysey1 9 a s]mon prea*$ at ! ,!i/ic ,*ur*1 ,swall[ ,/reet1 on ,febru>y #e?1 #aije4 #h ,see pp4 #fc-d4 #i ,quot$ f ,:at x is to be a ,*ri/ian1 a pamphlet writt5 by ! ,v54 ,j4 ,m4 ,wilson1 ,d4,d4 #aj ,eighte5 p] c5t4 0 ! figure giv5 by ,bi%op ,+ram1 speak+ ( ,london]s1 9 8 spee* at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,bi%op ( ,london's ,fund 9 #aijd2 b1 accord+ to ! /rict results ( ! c5sus1 ! figure = ,london is tw5ty-two or tw5ty-?ree p] c5t4 ( ! total population4 #aa ,z ,mr4 ,field+ rem>ks 9 8 book1 ,! ,he>ts ( ,m5 7pp4 #bag-h73 ,to "o com+ to ,europe aft] ye>s 9 ! ,ea/ & visit+ *ur*es1 no?+ is m /rik+ ?an ! enorm\s prepond]ance ( wom5 !re4 ,x is immat]ial :e!r ! *ur* be 9 ,engl& or ,france1 :e!r x be ,anglican or ,roman ,ca?olic or ,diss5t]4 ,! result is always ! same--wom5 outnumb] ! m5 z two to "o1 z ?ree to "o1 sometimes z t5 to "o4 #ab ,z a matt] ( fact1 no di/+ui%$ lead] among mod]n biologi/s has come to any su* conclusion4 ,p are apt to =get t1 :ile ,"l ,kelv9 is und\bt$ly "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ liv+ physici/s1 he is n himself a biologi/4 #ac ,see ,nature1 ,april #bcrd1 #aijc2 also ,app5dix to ?is "w4 #ad ,?is ass]tion is sev]ely criticis$ by ,mr4 ,joseph ,mc,cabe 9 ! ,hibb]t = ,july1 #aije4 ,mr4 ,mc,cabe holds t ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge's own conception ( life may1 ) a f> great] %[ ( reason1 be describ$ z a modifi$ survival ( an old] doctr9e 7p4 #gdf74 #ae ,dr4 ,alfr$ ,russel ,wallace1 ! di/+ui%$ naturali/ & evolutioni/1 is ano!r sci5ti/ ) spiriti/ convictions1 & 8 conc]n = sup]natural religion l$ him to /ep outside 8 own doma9 & make t rem>kable attack ^u curr5t sci5tific op9ions 9 a/ronomical matt]s :i* met ) su* unanim\s condemnation 7see ! ,=tnightly ,review = ,m>* & ,septemb]1 #aijc74 #af ,9 ! ,times1 ,octob]1 #aijd4 #ag ,at ,exet] ,hall1 9 ,m>*1 #aije1 ,lady ,bl\nt develop$ h] flat-e>? !ory1 & accus$ ,newton ( want ( logic4 #ah ,a book1 edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,h& 7,george ,all571 :i* gives1 p]haps1 ! be/ t c be said by able & fair-m9d$ m51 writ+ 9 ! light ( ! late/ k & criticism1 9 fav\r ( a reconciliation betwe5 religion & sci5ce4 ,! book conta9s essays by v>i\s au?ors--,sir ,o4 ,lodge1 ,pr(essors ,?omson1 ,g$des1 & ,muirhead1 ! ,rev4 ,p4 ,n4 ,waggett1 ! ,rev4 ,john ,kelman1 & o!rs4 #ai ,dr4 ,w4 ,b>ry1 9 8 ,erne/ ,r5an1 is cont5t to attribute ! *ange ma9ly to ,r5an's /udy ( ,kant4 ,b su* a !ory is inconsi/5t ) ,r5an's own /atem5t 9 8 ,rem9isc5ces1 :]e he expressly decl>es t que/ions ( hi/ory1 n metaphysics1 %ook 8 fai?4 #bj ,au?or ( a vitup]ative libel on agno/ics1 call$ ,a!ism & ,fai?4 #ba ,! psy*ical aspect ( ! belief ( su* p]sons is discuss$ 9 ,*ap4 ,,vi41 #e4 #bb ,canon ,scott ,holl&1 9 a s]mon prea*$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral on ! fir/ ,sunday aft] ,epiphany1 #aije4 ,see also ,app5dix4 #bc ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,rationali/ ,press ,association has receiv$ sev]al private lett]s f cl]gym5 express+ _! desire to leave ! ,*ur* if !y c\ld f9d "s employm5t4 ,!y usually h l>ge families dep5d5t ^u !m = support4 #bd ,i omit all m5tion ( ! trad+ or dome/ic classes :o (t5 dep5d directly = _! support on /rict religioni/s4 ,! way 9 :i* _! bread is butt]$ is b\nd to ent] consid]ably into _! calculations1 & also !y h (t5 ev5 less leisure = ! /udy ( mod]n ?\ght ?an a /eady 7temp]ate7 work+ man4 #be ,a *eap edition has s9ce be5 publi%$ by ! ,r4 ,p4 ,a4 #bf ,anti-,nunquam1 by ,dr4 ,w>s*au]1 ) prefatory note by ,j4 ,e/l9 ,c>p5t]1 is consid]$ by _m ,*ur*m5 to be an admirable refutation ( ,god & ,my ,neighb\r4 ,i h seldom read any?+ less likely to conv9ce4 ,s5t5ce aft] s5t5ce is op5 to ! grave/ exception4 #bg ,see ,app5dix4 #bh ,e4g41 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,aft]1 see ! article on ,! ,pres5t ,position ( ,religi\s ,apologetics1 appe>+ 9 ! issue = ,octob]1 #aijc2 or on ,free?\ght 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 9 ! issues = ,septemb] & ,decemb]1 #aijd4 ,! answ]s 9 ! same j\rnal are mo/ unsatisfactory1 & only s]ve to %[ h[ v little1 app>5tly1 c be said 9 reply4 #bi ,al?\gh ! ,*ur* has ev] be5 *>itable1 %e has made no ef=t to cure pov]ty4 ,%e is1 %e mu/ be1 ! ally ( ^? to :om %e *iefly owes h] p[] & pre/ige4 ,j]emy ,taylor is n ! only em95t div9e :o has sy/ematically c\rt$ ! fav\r ( ! influ5tial & ri*4 #cj ,essay on ,possibilities & ,impossibilities1 appe>+ 9 ! ,agno/ic ,annual = #ahib4 #ca ,paley's ,evid5ces--,prep>atory ,consid]ations4 #cb ,9 8 book1 ,! ,s]vice ( ,man4 #cc ,9 8 notable oration ^u ! app>itions ( ,llan?ony4 #cd ,see p4 #acb ( ,an ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,scriptures1 by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,w4 ,boyd ,c>p5t]1 ,bi%op ( ,ripon4 #ce ,see p4 #bbb ( ,"s ,elem5ts ( ,religion1 ,liddon4 #cf ,see p4 #ea ( ,an ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,scriptures4 #cg ,extract f a s]mon prea*$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's1 ,f9sbury1 on ,novemb] #bcrd1 #aijd4 #ch ,?is explanation has be5 giv5 by ! ,rev4 ,samuel ,cox1 & x is quot$ ) approval by ! ,bi%op ( ,london on p4 #fc ( 8 little "w1 ,old ,te/am5t ,difficulties 7,s4,p4,c4,k474 #ci ,see p4 #da ( ,old ,te/am5t ,difficulties4 #dj ,article ,g5esis4 #da ,miraculum means m]ely a wond]ful ?+4 ,x is c]ta9ly a prop] translation ( simeia 7signs7 & t]ata 7wond]s71 z us$ by ,new ,te/am5t writ]s4 #db ,by ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion4 7,longmans1 ,gre51 & ,co42 #ahhi47 #dc ,see ,encyclopdia ,biblica1 article ,gospels1 p>agraph #ach 7e74 #dd ,see article ,paul 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica4 ,f\r ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les are1 h[ev]1 pretty g5]ally accept$4 ,five are hotly disput$2 ,pr(essor ,lo(s1 = example1 rejects !m4 #de ,see article ,epi/ol>y ,lit]ature 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica4 #df ,sw$5borgians 7! ,new ,j]usalem ,*ur*7 are to be f\nd scatt]$ ?r\gh\t almo/ e "p ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 ,engl&1 pr9cipally 9 ,lanca%ire & ,york%ire1 !re are sev5ty-five societies ) #f1jfc regi/]$ memb]s4 #dg ,eight p]sons 9 all te/ify to ! app>ition ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y 9 ! ,abbot's mead[ at ,llan?ony on ,septemb] #ae?1 #ahhj4 #dh ,hodd] ,/\ghton1 #aijf4 #di ,see p4 #ca ( ,:at is ,*ri/ianity8 7,williams ,norgate1 #aijd74 #ej ,see1 = in/ance1 art4 ,moses1 ,encyclopdia ,biblica4 #ea ,quot$ f a s]mon by ! ,bi%op ( ,london 9 ,fulham p>i%1 ,*ri/mas ,day1 #aijd4 ,comp>e ?is ) ,dr4 ,kirkpatrick's rem>k1 p4 #b ( 8 book1 ,! ,div9e ,libr>y ( ! ,old ,te/am5t3 ,x is true t ! critical inve/igation ( ! ,bible raises n a few que/ions ( grave difficulty4 #eb ,! adjective 'high]' 7! s5se ( :i* is (t5 misund]/ood7 has ref]5ce simply to ! high] & m difficult class ( problems1 ) :i*1 z oppos$ to textual criticism1 ! 'high]' criticism has to deal 7see ,preface to ,! ,high] ,criticism1 be+ ?ree pap]s by ,s4 ,r4 ,driv]1 ,d4,d41 & ,a4 ,f4 ,kirkpatrick1 ,d4,d474 #ec ,see ,app5dix4 #ed ,exodus xxxi4 #ah & xxxii4 #af4 ,or1 to be precise1 ^! hav+ be5 brok5 & _! fragm5ts consid]$ ( no value at ! "t1 ! duplicates c>efully prep>$ & inscrib$ to ! dictation ( ,god ,himself 7,exodus xxxix474 #ee ,believ$ to date f ab\t #hec ,b4,c4 ,! inscription records ! victories ( ,k+ ,me%a ov] ! ,israelites4 #ef ,erect$ 9 hon\r ( ,ptolemy ,epiphanes1 #ajf ,b4,c4 ,fam\s z hav+ furni%$ ! fir/ key = ! int]pretation ( ,egyptian hi]oglyphics4 #eg ,encyclopdia ,biblica1 art4 ,messiah1 p4 #cjeh1 p>4 #b4 #eh ,ibid1 p4 #cjfc1 p> #aj4 #ei ,9 ,/udies 9 ! ,"* ( ,*ri/1 by ,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,rob9son1 ,hon4 ,canon ( ,ripon & ,editorial ,secret>y to ! ,s4,p4,g4 #fj ,enc4 ,bib41 art4 ,nativity1 p>4 #aj1 #aa1 #ab4 #fa ,! late ,rev4 ,a4 ,b4 ,bruce1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,apologetics & ,new ,te/am5t ,exegesis1 ,free ,*ur* ,college1 ,glasg[4 #fb ,see ,enc4 ,bib41 art4 ,gospels1 p>4 #aci4 #fc ,see ,enc4 ,bib41 art4 ,gospels1 p>4 #ach1 :]e ! reasons = ?is conclusion are expla9$4 ,see also p>4 #ajh4 #fd ,au?or ( v>i\s !ological works1 ,hulsean ,lectur]1 ,cambridge1 #ahgf2 ,select ,prea*]1 ,ox=d1 #ahgg4 #fe ,! int]polation 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,m>k goes back f> into ! second c5tury4 ,x is important to be> 9 m9d t none ( ! dates giv5 by ,dr4 ,h>nack & o!r au?orities applies to ! ,gospels exactly z we n[ h !m4 ,acc\nts ( miracles h be5 add$ subsequ5tly6 #ff ,enc4 ,bib41 art4 ,laz>us4 #fg ,ibid1 art4 ,gospels1 p>4 #adg4 #fh ,w4 ,c4 van ,man51 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,old-,*ri/ian ,lit]ature & ,new ,te/am5t ,exegesis1 ,leyd54 #fi ,spok5 9 an address to ! ,/4 ,paul's ,lecture ,society1 at ! op5+ ( a new session 9 #aijd4 #gj ,! italics 9 ^! quotations f ,dr4 ,h>nack are m9e4 #ga ,fully report$ 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,times4 #gb ,! ,greek v]sion1 kn[n z ! ,septuag9t 7,,lxx471 made 9 ,egypt 9 ! ?ird & second c5turies ,b4,c4 = ! use ( ! num]\s body ( ,greek-speak+ ,jews & proselytes 9 t c\ntry4 #gc ,a ,greek docum5t :i* is suppos$ to h exi/$ & !n to h be5 entirely lo/ 7imag9e ,god's ,^w lo/671 & to conta9 "s ( ! matt] relat$ by ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,luke1 :ile omitt$ by ,/4 ,m>k4 ,n4,b4--,:ile ! evangeli/ ,/4 ,m>k is relegat$ to ! position ( a translator only1 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,luke are tak5 by or?odox !ologians to be m]e copyi/s ( ,/4 ,m>k & a lo/ docum5t6 #gd ,see art4 ,gospels1 9 ! ,enc4 ,bib41 & ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,orig9al ,greek4 #ge ,9 8 address at ! ,*ur* ,congress held at ,weym\? 9 #aije4 #gf ,9 8 "w1 ,v]bal ,inspiration4 ,quot$ by ,bi%op ,col5so 9 ,! ,p5tateu* ,exam9$4 #gg ,! ,dean ( ,cant]bury1 speak+ on ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]'s pap] at ! ,*ur* ,congress1 #aijc4 #gh ,! ,dean ( ,cant]bury1 speak+ 9 ,/4 ,m>y ,br$9's ,*ur*1 ,cant]bury1 ,decemb] #d?1 #aijd4 #gi ,see ,app5dix4 #hj ,see ,bk4 ,,viii41 *ap4 ii41 p>4 #b1 on p4 #cbd1 vol4 i4 ,eusebius 7,ox=d3 ,p>k] ,co474 ,8 c&\r "h is des]v+ ( all praise2 b 8 me?ods c h>dly be t]m$ sci5tific2 :ile an imp>tial p]usal ( 8 ,vita ,con/ant9i1 a panegyric on ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 %\ld be en\gh to %ake ! confid5ce ( all b ! bl9de/ ( 8 admir]s4 #ha ,see p4 #agi1 *ap4 xv41 ( ,gibbon's ,rome 7,oddy1 #ahji74 #hb ,see ,app5dix4 #hc ,9 note ,a1 pp4 #db-c1 ( 8 book1 ,! ,/udy ( ! ,gospels4 #hd ,at ! discussion on ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce dur+ ! ,london ,diocesan ,conf]5ce1 ,may1 #aijf4 #he ,see 8 book1 ,! ,days ( ,8 ,fle%2 ,hodd] ,/\ghton1 #aijf4 #hf ,see *ap4 xxviii4 ( ,! ,hi/orical ,geography ( ! ,holy ,l&1 by ! ,rev4 ,george ,adam ,smi?1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d42 ,pr(essor ( ,o4 ,t4 ,lang41 ,lit]41 & ,!ology1 etc4 #hg ,! quotation is f ,canon ,c4 ,h4 ,rob9son's book1 ,/udies 9 ! ,"* ( ,*ri/4 #hh ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] 7,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge2 ,hon4 ,d4,c4,l4 ,ox=d2 ,hon4 ,,ll4,d4 ,glasg[2 ,hon4 ,litt4 ,d4 ,durham1 etc471 9 8 ,preface to ! second edition ( ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 #hi ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]1 9 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,religion1 p4 #dj4 #ij ,! italics are m9e ?r\gh\t ?is quotation2 also words )9 brackets 4 #ia ,see ,app5dix4 #ib ,we are accu/om$ to f9d ! leg5d>y & ! miracul\s ga!r+1 l a halo1 ar\nd ! e>ly hi/ory ( religi\s lead]s1 until ! sob] tru? runs ! risk ( be+ altoge!r neglect$ = ! glitt]+ & edify+ falsehood 7,enc4 ,brit41 vol4 iv41 art4 ,buddhism1 p4 #dbd74 ,?is process is recognis$ z a univ]sal rule4 ,:at gr\nds h we = assum+ t ,*ri/ianity is exempt f x8 #ic ,see ,app5dix4 #id ,see ,app5dix4 #ie ,z>a?u/ra1 or ,zoroa/]1 0 possibly a hi/orical p]son4 ,we are q 9 ! d>k z to ! precise date ( ,zoroa/]4 ,dunck] places him ab\t ! ye> #ajjj ,b4,c4 #if ,apol4 ,i4 #ed & ,i4 #ba4 ,quot$ 9 ! ,enc4 ,bib41 art4 ,m>y4 #ig ,pp4 #gh-i ( 8 important "w1 ,div9e ,imman5ce4 #ih ,mexican ,antiquities1 vol4 vi41 pp4 #aig-bjj4 #ii ,egyptian ,belief1 p4 #cgj4 #ajj ,middleton's ,works1 vol4 i41 pp4 #fc1 #fd4 #aja ,rawl9son's ,h]odotus1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bfj1 note #c4 #ajb ,see 8 "w1 ,my?ology ( ! ,aryan ,nations1 vol4 ii41 p4 #aac4 #ajc ,mexican ,antiquities1 vol4 vi41 p4 #ie4 #ajd ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #aff4 #aje ,p4 #cic ( ,monum5tal ,*ri/ianity1 or ! ,art & ,symbolism ( ! ,primitive ,*ur* z ,witness & ,tea*]s ( ! ,"o ,ca?olic ,fai? & ,practice4 #ajf ,9 8 book1 ,bu%ido1 pp4 #ae-ai & #bd4 #ajg ,p4 #aeb ( 8 book1 ,k+ ,david ( ,israel 7,watts1 #aije74 #ajh ,! ,gods ( ! ,egyptians1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bbj4 #aji ,ibid41 vol4 i41 ,preface1 p4 xv4 #aaj ,!y appe> 9 ,"p ,,ii41 pp4 #aga1 #ahc1 #ahh1 #cjj1 & #cjb4 #aaa ,a translation ( ! ,*9ese v]sion ( ! ,abb9i%kramana ,stra4 ,= ! probable date1 see ,app5dix4 #aab ,see ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,"p ,i41 *apt] on ,! ,primitive ,man--,emotional4 #aac ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi?1 9 ,! ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #cdg4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,r4 ,smi? 0 a di/+ui%$ ,scotti% ,biblical s*ol> & ,ori5tali/4 ,f #ahha he 0 associat$ z jo9t editor ( ! n9? edition ( ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica ) ,pr(essor ,sp5c] ,baynes1 aft] ^: dea? 9 #ahhg he 0 sole editor4 #aad ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson1 9 8 book1 ,pagan ,*ri/s1 pp4 #cgc-d4 #aae ,= ?is & ! foll[+ graphic acc\nts ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson's book1 ,pagan ,*ri/s1 ,"p ,,iv4--,! ,religion ( ,anci5t ,am]ica4 #aaf ,quot$ f 8 celebrat$ book1 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 #aag ,see p4 #ade1 note4 #aah ,see ,app5dix4 #aai ,see ,gods ( ,cultivation 9 ,grant ,all5's ,evolution ( ! ,idea ( ,god4 #abj ,see ,app5dix4 #aba ,! ,evolution ( ! ,idea ( ,god 7*apt] on ,! ,gods ( ,cultivation74 #abb ,ibid 7*apt] on ,! ,orig9 ( ,gods74 #abc ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology1 vol4 i4 7*apt] on ,primitive ,ideas1 p4 #ajb74 #abd ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology 7*apt] on ,inspiration1 ,div9ation1 ,exorcism1 & ,sorc]y1 p4 #bda74 #abe ,p4 #cff1 vol4 ii4 ( ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 #abf ,anacalypsis1 vol4 #a41 p4 #fch4 #abg ,/4 ,mat!w xii4 #dj4 #abh ,see ,app5dix4 #abi ,/udies 9 ! ,"* ( ,*ri/1 vi4 #ajb4 #acj ,encyc4 ,brit41 art4 ,my?ology4 #aca ,see ,app5dix4 #acb ,see p4 #aag ( ,monum5tal ,*ri/ianity4 #acc ,see ,app5dix4 #acd ,quot$ f ,d>w9's ,desc5t ( ,man4 #ace ,! pres]vation ( fav\rable v>iations & ! rejection ( injuri\s v>iations ,i call natural selection 7,d>w91 ,orig9 ( ,species1 ed4 #ahfj1 iv474 #acf ,d>w91 ,v>ieties ( ,animals & ,plants1 xx41 #agh4 #acg ,conclud+ rem>ks 9 ,d>w9's ,desc5t ( ,man4 #ach ,ibid4 #aci ,see 8 book conta9+ ! a=esaid lectures1 & call$ ,god's ,image 9 ,man & its ,defacem5t 9 ! ,light ( ,mod]n ,d5ials4 7,hodd] & ,/\ghton2 #aije47 #adj ,l5t by ,mr4 ,reg9ald ,blunt to ! ,*elsea ,public ,libr>y4 #ada ,see ,pr(essor ,huxley's essays1 ,! ,int]pret]s ( ,g5esis & ! ,int]pret]s ( ,nature & ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,g5esis1 appe>+ 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,decemb]1 #ahhe1 & ,febru>y1 #ahhf1 respectively1 & also 9 ! collection ( ,huxley's essays entitl$ ,essays ,^u ,"s ,controv]t$ ,que/ions4 #adb ,dr4 ,torrey in=m$ a huge audi5ce 9 ! ,alb]t ,hall rec5tly t he _h giv5 up ! !ory ( ,evolution = sci5tific reasons4 ,p speak ( ! miss+ l9k2 :y1 !y are all miss+6 cri$ ,dr4 ,torrey4 ,n[1 ?is is no?+ m nor less ?an an untru?1 & ,dr4 ,torrey mu/ "k t x is1 if he has /udi$ ,evolution1 z he assures u t he has4 ,"h is an example ( ! way ,*ri/ians are mis9=m$ by _! spiritual tea*]s on ! subject ( ,evolution4 ,b :at c y expect ( an evangeli/ :o ?9ks t he is s]v+ ,god's cause by sl&]+ ! dead1 z he did 9 ! case ( ,colonel ,+]soll & ,?omas ,pa9e8 #adc ,see ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,mallock's ,religion z a ,cr$ible ,doctr9e1 p4 #agg4 #add ,orig9 ( ,species1 p4 #fe4 #ade ,f ,! ,/ory ( ,creation1 by ,edw>d ,clodd4 ,*apt] on ,! ,orig9 ( ,species1 p4 #ie ( ! *eap edition4 #adf ,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,febru>y1 #ahhh1 pp4 #afb1 #afc4 #adg ,pp4 #eai-bj4 #adh ,!ism1 by ! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,fl9t1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,pr(essor ( ,moral ,philosophy1 ,div9ity1 etc41 be+ ! ,baird ,lectures = #ahgg4 #adi ,on p4 #ci ( 8 own "w1 ,anti-,nunquam4 #aej ,! ,light ( ,asia1 ,book ! ,fir/4 #aea ,quot$ f ,huxley's ,lectures on ,evolution4 #aeb ,quot$ f ,huxley's ,lectures on ,evolution4 #aec ,controv]t$ ,que/ions1 pp4 #ajj1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd4 #aed ,9 ,lectures on ,evolution4 #aee ,quot$ f ,! ,int]pret]s ( ,g5esis1 9 ! essays on ,controv]t$ ,que/ions1 p4 #ia4 #aef ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,g5esis1 pp4 #aab-c ( ,controv]t$ ,que/ions4 #aeg ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #aj4 #aeh ,! ,nature ( ,man1 by ,met*nik(f1 p4 #da4 #aei ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #aj4 #afj ,! ,nature ( ,man1 p4 #db4 #afa ,man's ,place 9 ,nature1 p4 #abf4 #afb ,ibid1 p4 #abg4 #afc ,! ,nature ( ,man1 p4 #db4 #afd ,man's ,place 9 ,nature1 p4 #aaa4 #afe ,ibid1 p4 #aci4 #aff ,ibid1 p4 #ajb1 note4 #afg ,pp4 #di-ed4 ,at ! late ,int]national ,congress on ,tub]culosis1 ,pr(essor ,behr+ paid ! highe/ tribute to ,met*nik(f's lab\rs on phagocytosis4 ,/range inde$ are ! in/rum5ts *os5 by ,god = conf]r+ ,8 b5efits on mank9d2 = ! au?or ( ,! ,nature ( ,man d5ies ,8 exi/5ce6 #afh ,describ$ 9 ! ,lancet1 ,janu>y #ah?1 #aijb4 #afi ,! ,nature ( ,man1 pp4 #de-dh4 #agj ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i41 p4 #ad4 ,accord+ to ! late/ au?orities1 h[ev]1 ! human ovum 7:5 mature7 diff]s 9 _m respects f o!r 7especially non-mammal7 ova4 #aga ,see ! ,family ,tree ( ,life 9 ! ,app5dix4 #agb ,x is1 says ,pr(essor ,huxley 79 ,man's ,place 9 ,nature1 #ahfc1 p4 #fg1 & quot$ by ,d>w9 9 8 ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #ad71 q 9 ! lat] /eps ( developm5t t ! "y human be+ pres5ts m>k$ diff]5ces f ! "y ape1 :ile ! latt] dep>ts z mu* f ! dog 9 its developm5ts z ! man does4 ,/>tl+ z ?is la/ ass]tion may appe> to be1 x is demon/rably true4 #agc ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i41 pp4 #ag-ah4 #agd ,see ,! ,nature ( ,man1 p4 #fj4 #age ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i41 p4 #bi4 #agf ,! ,evolution ( ,man1 vol4 ii41 p4 #gjh4 #agg ,ibid1 #ggd4 #agh ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 ii41 p4 #cb4 #agi ,! ,nature ( ,man1 p4 #fg4 #ahj ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i41 pp4 #cb-cc4 #aha ,god & ,my ,neighb\r1 p4 #acd4 #ahb ,! docum5t & ! ho/ile criticisms conc]n+ x 9 religi\s pap]s are highly in/ructive4 ,except = ! correspond5ce on ! subject 9 ! ,/&>d dur+ ,may1 #aije1 "u ! title ( ,fai? & ,religion1 ! g5]al public are n likely to "k ( ! matt]4 #ahc ,tylor & ,h>tmann1 h[ev]1 believe 9 ! animal desc5t ( man1 & !re=e 9 a rise f primitive civilisation4 #ahd ,our ance/ors 7 nev] molluscs2 worm w\ld be an appropriate ^w "h4 #ahe ,review 9 ! ,*ur* ,times ( ,may #ca/1 #aije1 ( ! ,dean ( ,we/m9/]'s book1 ,"s ,?\ghts on ,inspiration4 #ahf ,?is & ! foll[+ quotations are f ,adv5t ,lectures on ,s91 deliv]$ by ,dr4 ,gore1 !n ,bi%op ( ,worce/]1 9 ,/4 ,philip's ,*ur*1 ,birm+ham4 ,!y 7 report$ 9 ! ,*ur* ,times ( ,decemb] #d?1 #aa?1 & #ah?1 #aijc4 #ahg ,see pp4 #bcd-e4 #ahh ,9 an address to ! ,/ud5ts' ,*ri/ian ,union ( ,ow5s ,college1 ,man*e/]1 on ,janu>y #h?1 #aijd4 #ahi ,9 8 int]e/+ book1 ,problems ( ,religion & ,sci5ce1 p4 #gj4 #aij ,teleology is ! "n giv5 to ! doctr9e ( f9al causes2 ! !ory ( t5d5cy to an end1 or ! arrangem5t ( ?+s z !y are = a purpose4 #aia ,see ,app5dix4 #aib ,contempor>y ,review = ,may1 art4 ,! ,sci5ti/s & ,common ,s5se4 #aic ,"u ?is title !re is a pamphlet 7,*>les ,h4 ,kelly1 ,pat]no/] ,r[7 by ! ,v54 ,j4 ,m4 ,wilson1 ,ar*deacon ( ,man*e/]1 9 :i* ! latitud9>ian views to :i* ,i ref] are op5ly express$4 ,see ,app5dix4 #aid ,fl9t's ,!ism1 pp4 #acc-d4 #aie ,!ism1 p4 #ajb4 ,?is book is a /&>d apologetic "w on ,!ism4 ,dr4 ,fl9t is also ! writ] ( ! article on ,!ism 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 #aif ,see p4 #gc ( ,haeckel's ,critics ,answ]$1 by ,joseph ,mc,cabe4 #aig ,ibid1 p4 #gc4 #aih ,haeckel's ,critics ,answ]$1 p4 #gd4 #aii ,religion & ,sci5ce1 pp4 #hi-ij4 #bjj ,!ism1 ,lecture ,,iv4 #bja ,see p4 #gf ( ,haeckel's ,critics ,answ]$4 #bjb ,!ism1 p4 #gi4 #bjc ,*apt] on ,!ism & ,natural ,selection4 #bjd ,religion & ,sci5ce1 p4 #hc4 #bje ,religion & ,sci5ce1 pp4 #hi1 #ij4 #bjf ,9 ,! ,e?ics1 ,"p i41 app5dix4 #bjg ,9 8 "w1 ,div9e ,imman5ce4 #bjh ,div9e ,imman5ce1 pp4 #ga-b4 #bji ,ibid1 pp4 #ga-b4 #baj ,ibid1 pp4 #ga-b4 #baa ,ibid1 pp4 #ga-b4 #bab ,ibid1 p4 #gc4 #bac ,ibid1 p4 #afa4 #bad ,div9e ,imman5ce1 p4 #afa4 #bae ,9 ! preface to 8 poem4 #baf ,art4 ,!ism 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 #bag ,e4g41 see p4 #ae ( ,! ,?ree ,sup]/itions1 by ,dr4 ,keel+1 an ex-pr(essor ( gynecology4 #bah ,!ism1 p4 #bde4 #bai ,!ism1 p4 #bdf4 #bbj ,9 an address at ! inaugural meet+ ( ! session ( ! ,ed9burgh ,philosophical ,in/itution1 held on ,octob] #ca/1 #aije4 #bba ,a ,text-,book ( ,apologetics1 by ,*>les ,h>ris1 ,b4,d41 ,lectur] 9 ,!ology & ,p>o*ialia1 ,/4 ,david's ,college1 ,lampet]2 ,exam9+ ,*apla9 to ! ,bi%op ( ,ll&aff4 7,london3 ,john ,murray1 #aije47 ,a noticeable po9t ab\t ?is late/ contribution to apologetic lit]ature is t1 ?\gh x purposes to deal ) all ! *ief argum5ts :i* h be5 urg$ aga9/ religion1 x leaves ! weightie/ argum5t ( all--! argum5t f ,comp>ative ,my?ology--practically unt\*$4 ,:y is ?is8 #bbb ,!ism1 p4 #bbh4 #bbc ,!ism1 ,! ,argum5t f ,ord]4 #bbd ,!ism1 p4 #bbf4 #bbe ,ibid41 p4 #fg4 #bbf ,?is description is borne out by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,r4 ,rob]tson1 ,d4,d41 9 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,italy 7,morgan ,scott71 a book :i* 0 accord$ a flatt]+ reception 9 ,janu>y1 #aijc1 by ! ,k+ ( ,italy4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,italy ! ,*ur*'s me?ods rem9d "o ( :at ,pas*al tells u conc]n+ ! ,jesuits--h[ !y kept m5 wick$1 le/1 if !y became virtu\s1 ! prie/s %\ld lose _! hold ^u !m4 #bbg ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 art4 ,newman1 ,john ,h5ry4 #bbh ,see art4 ,francis ,william ,newman1 by ,francis ,gribble1 ,! ,=tnightly1 ,july1 #aije4 #bbi ,be+ an address giv5 at ! ,pusey ,h\se1 ,ox=d4 #bcj ,_! guiltlessness is made abundantly cle> 9 ,rob]t ,blat*=d's ,n ,guilty1 a book conta9+ a lucid pres5tm5t ( ! case = ,det]m9ism :i* may be und]/ood ( all4 ,!re are copi\s illu/rations ( h]$ity & environm5t--t]ms ! wide application ( :i* mu/ be ?or\ghly realis$4 #bca ,reg>d+ 8 philosophic position1 h[ev]1 see ,app5dix4 #bcb ,9 8 book1 ,r\gh ,ways ,made ,smoo?1 *apt] on ,bodily ,illness z a ,m5tal ,/imulant4 #bcc ,9 ,occult ,japan1 by ,p]cival ,l[ell 7,riv]side ,press71 !re is an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ^! practices4 #bcd ,! delusions ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/s 9 mix+ up religion ) psy*ic heal+ c only be attribut$ to _! ignorance ( mod]n psy*ology4 ,^? :o "k bett]1 & are mak+ money out ( x1 are z %amefully impos+ ^u ! cr$ulity ( religi\s folk z is ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* ) h] %r9es ( heal+4 #bce ,9 ! ,decemb] 7#aijd7 ,j\rnal ( ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>* a lady gives a vivid description ( h[ %e cur$ h]self completely ( c]ta9 n]v\s compla9ts by auto-sugge/ion4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t %e says3 ,i did n believe 9 ! efficacy ( ?is treatm5t "o bit2 ,i j made myself d x2 b ,i felt1 mo/ ( ! "t1 t x 0 extremely ridicul\s4 ,see also ,app5dix4 #bcf ,! foll[+ is f ! ,mikado's ,rescript issu$ on ! conclusion ( peace3--,! result is due 9 a l>ge measure to ! b5ign spirits ( our ance/ors1 z well z to ! devotion & duty ( our civil & milit>y (ficials & ! self-d5y+ patriotism ( all our p4444 ,we are happy to invoke ! bless+ ( ! b5ign spirits ( our ance/ors4 ,n4,b4--,! ^w ,god is conspicu\s by its abs5ce2 ance/ors' spirits take its place4 #bcg ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 ,april1 #aijd1 p4 #cch1 art4 ,pr(essor ,william ,james's ,int]pretation ( ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce1 by ,james ,h4 ,leuba4 #bch ,an in/ructive treatise on ?is subject w be f\nd 9 ,vol4 ,,ii41 *4 x41 ( ,weismann on ,h]$ity4 7,cl>5don ,press ,s]ies47 #bci ,d y "k a hymn tune by ,"l ,cr(ton1 set to ! words1 ,bless'd are ! pure 9 he>t8 ,:5 ,i fir/ he>d t tune play$ ,i %ook ) emotion4 ,i did n "k at t "t ! words t ! tune _h be5 set to2 s x c\ld only h be5 ! music t affect$ me4 ,at "o "t ,i confess t ,i myself us$ to mi/ake ?is hy/]ical elem5t 9 my nature = religi\s f]v\r4 #bdj ,! ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,j4 ,m4 ,wilson1 ,d4,d41 late headma/] ( ,clifton ,college--9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,education1 #ahha4 #bda ,9 ,?ree ,essays on ,religion1 p4 #hj ( ! ,*eap ,repr9t issu$ = ! ,rationali/ ,press ,association4 #bdb ,z rem>k$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,london 9 a s]mon at ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,see cov] ( ,mr4 ,guy ,?orne's book1 ,:5 x 0 ,d>k4 #bdc ,quot$ f an address deliv]$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,london at ,/4 ,paul's1 z report$ 9 ! ,*ur* ,times ( ,octob] #g?1 #aijd4 #bdd ,see footnote p4 #cg ( ,! ,religion ( ,woman1 by ,joseph ,mc,cabe4 #bde ,pr(essor ,j9zo ,n>use4 ,= ! quotation see *ap4 xxi4 on ,! ,position ( ,wom5 9 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,/ead's rec5t publication1 ,japan by ! ,japanese4 #bdf ,see p4 #ca ( ! ,rev4 ,h]b]t ,moore's ,! ,*ri/ian ,fai? 9 ,japan4 #bdg ,ibid41 p4 #abi4 #bdh ,we le>n ?is f reliable s\rces--= example1 f ,w4 ,m4 ,fl9d]s ,petrie & ,ga/on ,camille ,*>les ,maspro1 ! celebrat$ ,engli% & ,fr5* ,egyptologi/s4 #bdi ,! ,religion ( ,woman4 #bej ,^! rem>ks are quot$ on p4 #ae ( ,! ,religion ( ,woman f vol4 iii41 p4 #bij1 ( ,mrs4 ,cady ,/anton's ,hi/ory ( ,wom5's ,suffrage4 #bea ,! ,religion ( ,woman1 pp4 #aje1 #ajg1 #aaa4 #beb ,p9*wife1 x w be rememb]$1 is ! anxi\s husb& 79 ,wy*]ley's com$y1 ,! ,c\ntry ,wife7 :o held t a woman is innoc5t 9 proportion to h] lack ( k4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 o!r reasons :y a wife's ignorance is deem$ desirable4 ,cf4 ,& s f> w ,i tru/ !e1 g5tle ,kate4 #bec ,9 8 s]mon at ,/4 ,crantock's on ,augu/ #bg?1 #aije4 #bed ,! ,religion ( ,woman1 p4 #gh4 ,?is "w embodies a complete refutation ( ! ass]tion :i* we h cursorily exam9$4 ,! tru?-seek] desir\s ( /udy+ o!r aspects ( ! ,*ri/ian cont5tion is /rongly recomm5d$ to p]use also ,mr4 ,mc,cabe's brilliant essay1 ,! ,bible 9 ,europe 7,watts1 #aijg74 #bee ,see 8 ,notes on ,popul> ,rationalism4 #bef ,anti-,!i/ic ,!ories1 ,lecture #e1 on ,comte's ,positivi/ ,philosophy4 #beg ,approximately #cjj1jjj copies by ! end ( ,janu>y1 #aijg4 #beh ,9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,aft]1 ,novemb]1 #aijd4 #bei ,see ,gibbon's ,rome1 vol4 iii41 p4 #bg 7ed4 #ahji74 #bfj ,ibid41 vol4 iii41 p4 #bg4 #bfa ,ibid41 vol4 iv41 p4 #ba4 #bfb ,among 8 victims 73 8 fa!r-9-law 7,a4,d4 #caj72 si/]'s husb& 7#cad72 nephew 7#cai72 wife 7#cbj72 =m] fri5d 7#cba72 si/]'s husb& 7#cbe72 own son 7#cbf74 #bfc ,gibbon's ,rome1 vol4 ii41 p4 #ccg 7ed4 #ahji74 #bfd ,! dea?-b$ baptism ( ,con/ant9e is describ$ by ,eusebius1 ! ,bi%op ( ,cs>ea1 9 8 ,life ( ,con/ant9e1 bk4 iv41 *aps4 #fa1 #fb1 #fc1 & #fd4 ,! ,bi%op assumes ! salvation ( ,con/ant9e ) ! utmo/ confid5ce1 & says3 ,he 0 remov$ ab\t mid-day to ! pres5ce ( 8 ,god1 leav+ 8 mortal rema9s to 8 fell[-mortals1 & c>ry+ into fell[%ip ) ,god t "p ( 8 be+ :i* 0 capable ( und]/&+ & lov+ ,him4 #bfe ,x has be5 urg$ ^u me by my ,*ri/ian fri5ds t ! enorm\s funds at ! disposal ( ! v>i\s ,*ri/ian propag&i/ societies te/ify to ! gr[?1 n ! decay1 ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,if ^! funds 7 *iefly d]iv$ f ! small donations ( ! _m1 !re w\ld be some?+ 9 ?is argum5t4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is n ! case4 #bff ,ammian4 ,m>cell4 #a4 xxvii4 c4 #c4 #bfg ,cod4 ,!odos41 ,lib4 xvi4 tit4 ii4 #a4 #bj4 #bfh ,lib4 xvi4 tit4 x4 #a4 #bj1 & tit4 v4 legg4 #dc1 #eb1 #eg1 #fe4 #bfi ,see pp4 #eh-i ( ! ,b5eficial ,influ5ce ( ! ,anci5t ,cl]gy 7! title "u :i* ! ,hulsean ,prize ,essay = #ahej 0 subsequ5tly publi%$ 9 book =m71 by ! late ,h5ry ,mack5zie1 ,b4,a41 s*ol> ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,o!r quotations are giv5 9 ! ,app5dix4 #bgj ,! ,gods ( ! ,egyptians1 ,preface1 p4 xv4 #bga ,ibid4 #bgb ,huxley's ,essays on ,controv]t$ ,que/ions1 p4 #i1 ,prologue4 #bgc ,gibbon's ,rome1 vol4 ii41 p4 #beg 7ed4 #ahji74 ,9 #afch1 =ty ?\s& ,japanese ,*ri/ians 7 put to dea? 9 ! great ,ca/le ( ,h>a1 ! ,dut* trad]s at ,nagasaki supply+ cannon & gunp[d] to be us$ aga9/ _! fell[-,*ri/ians4 7,m5tion$ 9 ,! ,*ri/ian ,fai? 9 ,japan1 p4 #ai1 a book publi%$ by ! ,s4,p4,g47 ,?is :olesale but*]y1 h[ev]1 m>k$ ! de/ruction1 n ! introduction1 ( ,*ri/ianity4 #bgd ,quot$ f page #edc ( ,! ,m>tyrdom ( ,man1 sev5te5? edition 7#aijc74 #bge ,are we n liable to =get t ! mo/ brilliant g5iuses may make mi/akes sometimes1 ei!r f want ( k ( facts1 or f a psy*ological unwill+ness to accept !m8 ,may n ! v subtlety ( _! intellects aid ! "w ( _! own self-deception8 #bgf ,liddon's ,"s ,elem5ts ( ,religion1 p4 #dh4 #bgg ,fl9t's ,anti-,!i/ic ,!ories4 #bgh ,see address to ! ,royal ,naval ,volunte]s by _! hon4 *apla91 ! ,bi%op ( ,london1 report$ 9 ! ,*ur* ,times = ,june #bcrd1 #aije4 #bgi ,anti-,nunquam1 p4 #hj4 #bhj ,see 8 inaugural address at ! ,*ur* ,congress1 ,octob]1 #aijf4 #bha ,see ,anti-,!i/ic ,!ories1 ,lecture vii41 ,are !re ,tribes ( ,a!i/s8 #bhb ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 pp4 #cid-e4 #bhc ,quot$ by ,dr4 ,fl9t 9 ! lecture above ref]r$ to4 #bhd ,see ,! ,liv+ ,races ( ,mank9d1 pp4 #gba-c4 #bhe ,! ,liv+ ,races ( ,mank9d1 pp4 #gba-c4 #bhf ,ibid4 #bhg ,9 a lett] to ,dr4 ,fraz]4 ,see ! ,=tnightly ,review1 ,july1 #aije1 p4 #aga4 #bhh ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 p4 #gc1 note #a4 ,see also 7z !re not$7 ,mission ,sci5tifique du ,cap ,horn1 vii41 ,an?ropologie1 ,e?nographie1 p> ,p4 ,hyades et ,j4 ,d5ik] 7,p>is1 #ahia71 pp4 #bec-beg4 #bhi ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 p4 #fa4 #bij ,ibid4 #bia ,9 ! ,preface to ! second edition ( ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 #bib ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 p4 #fa4 #bic ,ibid4 #bid ,9 8 little book call$ ,magic & ,feti%ism 7,con/able1 #aijf74 #bie ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 p4 #gd4 #bif ,see ,preface to ! second edition ( ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 #big ,9 8 int]e/+ & /&>d "w1 ,*9ese ,*>act]i/ics1 *4 xxvi4 #bih ,*9ese ,*>act]i/ics1 p4 #bhi4 #bii ,ibid41 p4 #cjf4 #cjj ,*9ese ,*>act]i/ics1 p4 #bia4 #cja ,ibid41 pp4 #bib-c4 #cjb ,ibid41 p4 #cac4 #cjc ,*9ese ,*>act]i/ics1 pp4 #bid & #bie4 #cjd ,also if %e he>d ( ,g5]al ,*affee's rem>ks to an ,am]ican ,me?odi/ audi5ce 9 ,new ,york n long ago4 ,:ile prais+ ! "w ( ! mission>ies1 he told 8 audi5ce t he met _m ( ! mo/ prom95t ,*9am5 :ile at ,pek91 & he 0 oblig$ to say t he did n meet a s+le intellig5t ,*9aman :o express$ a desire to embrace ! ,*ri/ian religion4 7,report$ 9 ! ,hong ,kong ,daily ,press ( ,may #i?1 #aijc47 #cje ,! classical quotation commonly se5 ov] ! door ( a temple is3 ,wor%ip ! gods z if !y 7 pres5t4 #cjf ,*9ese ,*>act]i/ics1 pp4 #bii-cjj4 #cjg ,ibid41 p4 #cje4 #cjh ,*9ese ,*>act]i/ics1 p4 #bhh4 #cji ,see p4 #gh ( ,anti-,nunquam4 #caj ,see p4 #afd ( ,sci5ce & ,education ,essays1 by ,t4 ,h4 ,huxley 7,macmillan ,co42 #ahie74 #caa ,! ,*ri/ian ,fai? 9 ,japan1 pp4 #db1 #dc4 #cab ,! ,*ri/ian ,fai? 9 ,japan1 pp4 #abh-i4 #cac ,see *apt] ii4 ( ,conv5tional ,lies ( our ,civilisation1 by ,max ,nordau4 #cad ,ibid4 #cae ,p4 #dci ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 #caf ,p4 #dda ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 #cag ,see p4 #dgg ( ,! ,relation ( ,confirmation to ,baptism1 by ,a4 ,j4 ,mason1 ,d4,d4 7,longmans47 #cah ,at a m5's s]vice held 9 ,/4 ,m>y ,br$9's ,*ur*1 ,cant]bury1 on ,decemb] #d?1 #aijd4 #cai ,"o phase ( ?is failure 0 well %[n by ,oxoni5sis1 9 8 lett]s :i* />t$ & end$ ! ,d ,we ,believe8 correspond5ce 9 ! ,daily ,telegraph4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we f9d pron\nc$ unbeliev]s tak+ a lead+ "p 9 wise re=ms1 & devot+ _! lives to rese>*es t w b5efit humanity4 #cbj ,?is /atem5t is made on ! au?ority ( ,d>w9 & ( all our mod]n naturali/s4 ,! !ory is e/abli%$1 & its important message to ! human race elaborat$1 9 su* works z ,d>w9's ,desc5t ( ,man 7see vol4 i41 *ap4 v41 ,! ,developm5t ( ! ,intellect & ,moral ,faculties71 ,huxley's ,e?ical ,lectures 7,sci5ce & ,morals1 #ahhf2 ,evolution & ,e?ics1 ! ,romanes' lecture = #ahic1 etc471 ,clodd's ,/ory ( ,creation 7*ap4 xi41 on ,social ,evolution71 ,w9wood ,reade's ,m>tyrdom ( ,man1 & ,pr9ce ,kropotk9's ,mutual ,aid4 #cba ,p4 #bfd ( ,japan by ! ,japanese1 edit$ by ,alfr$ ,/ead4 #cbb ,pp4 #adg-h ( ,lafcadio ,he>n's book1 ,kokoro4 #cbc ,9 ! ,japan ,times4 ,quot$ by ,mr4 ,moore 9 8 book1 ,! ,*ri/ian ,fai? 9 ,japan1 p4 #aca4 #cbd ,! ,*ri/ian ,fai? 9 ,japan1 pp4 #ec-d4 ,explanations reg>d+ ! %ortcom+s ( ! ,japanese 9 ! matt] ( comm]cial morality w be f\nd 9 ,pr(essor ,nitobe's ,bu%ido1 pp4 #fd-gj1 & also1 z !re m5tion$1 9 ,knapp1 ,feudal & ,moral ,japan1 & 9 ,ransome1 ,japan 9 ,transition1 *4 viii4 #cbe ,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,aft]1 ,febru>y1 #aije1 art4 ,moral ,tea*+ 9 ,japan4 ,reg>d+ _! native virtues1 see ,app5dix4 #cbf ,! ,indep5d5t ,review1 ,decemb]1 #aije1 art4 ,! ,religions ( ,japan4 #cbg ,see p4 #bba ( ,dr4 ,lyd/on's book1 ,! ,diseases ( ,society4 #cbh ,9 8 book1 ,a ,mod]n ,utopia1 p4 #add4 ,see also ,app5dix to ?is "w4 #cbi ,x may n be out ( place to m5tion "h t v>i\s ,e?ical ,societies 9 ,engl& 7& h] ,colonies71 ,europe1 & ,am]ica are do+ all !y c to meet ! e?ical ne$s ( ,agno/ics1 & _! ef=ts des]ve f> great] support ?an !y h yet receiv$ f ! weal?y4 ,= ?is want ( sympa?y !re are _m obvi\s reasons--reasons1 =tunately1 t w disappe> 9 ! ne> future4 ,x w be urg$ t ! truly pi\s & hone/ believ] f9ds pray] ( ! greate/ help t[>ds "r conduct1 :ile ! unbeliev+ e?ici/ is de/itute ( ?is aid4 ,i d n propose n[ to discuss ! e?ical value ( pray]1 or consid] ! causes ( its success & failure2 b ,i w\ld ask ! read] to ref] to my rem>ks 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 on ! psy*ology ( pray]4 ,p]sonally1 ,i am ( op9ion t ! practice ( auto-sugge/ion may prove useful to ^? 9 ne$ ( su* assi/ance1 & t "o day 7let u hope at no di/ant date7 psy*ical rese>* w lead to ! discov]y ( a complete & sci5tific me?od = ! t\gh5+ ( our moral fibres4 ,see also fur!r note 9 ! ,app5dix4 #ccj ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells furni%es u ) "s novel ideas on ?is po9t 9 8 book1 ,a ,mod]n ,utopia1 *ap4 vii41 #b-e4 ,if we _c prev5t deg5]ates f m>ry+1 at lea/ we c aboli% an environm5t t assi/s h]$ity 9 _! production4 ,see also ,app5dix4 #cca ,see pp4 #be-f ( ,/anley de ,bra?'s ,! ,f\ndations ( ,success4 #ccb ,see ,pr9ce ,kropotk9's articles 9 ,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,aft] 7,augu/1 #aijd1 & ,m>*1 #aije71 entitl$ ,! ,e?ical ,ne$ ( ! ,pres5t ,day & ,! ,morality ( ,nature4 ,anyone wi%+ to "k :y we mu/ lead ! moral life %\ld n fail to read ^! in/ructive articles1 & also ,dr4 ,saleeby's ,evolution3 ,! ,ma/]-,key4 #ccc ,pr9ce ,kropotk9 9 ,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,aft]4 #ccd ,rationalism may be def9$ z ! m5tal attitude :i* unres]v$ly accepts ! supremacy ( reason & aims at e/abli%+ a sy/em ( philosophy & e?ics v]ifiable by exp]i5ce & indep5d5t ( all arbitr>y assumptions or au?ority 7f ! ,memor&um ( ! ,aims & ,objects ( ! ,rationali/ ,press ,association74 #cce ,clos+ words ( ,pr(essor ,huxley's essay1 ,sci5ce & ,morals4 #ccf ,essay entitl$ ,an ,episcopal ,trilogy1 p4 #cab ( ,essays on ,controv]t$ ,que/ions 7,macmillan ,co474 #ccg ,art4 ,:y ,live a ,moral ,life8 9 ! ,agno/ic ,annual1 #ahie4 #cch ,art4 ,:y ,live a ,moral ,life8 9 ! ,agno/ic ,annual1 #aije4 #cci ,art4 ,:y ,live a ,moral ,life8 9 ! ,agno/ic ,annual1 #ahie4 #cdj ,ibid4 #cda ,quot$ f 8 ,autobiography1 entitl$ ,my ,life3 ,a ,record ( ,ev5ts & ,op9ions 7,*apman ,hall74 #cdb ,art4 ,:y ,live a ,moral ,life8 9 ! ,agno/ic ,annual1 #ahie4 #cdc ,ibid4 #cdd ,p4 #aba ( ,! ,/ory ( ,creation 7,r4 ,p4 ,a4 ,*eap ,repr9t74 #cde ,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,aft]1 ,augu/1 #aijd1 art4 ,! ,e?ical ,ne$ ( ! ,pres5t ,day4 #cdf ,quot$ f a little volume rec5tly publi%$1 entitl$ ,! ,japanese ,_s4 7,con/able47 #cdg ,cit$ by ,mr4 ,l4 ,gulick1 an ,am]ican mission>y organis]1 9 8 "w on ,! ,evolution ( ! ,japanese4 #cdh ,quot$ f a leaflet ( ! ,moral ,in/ruction ,league4 7,see ,app5dix47 #cdi ,quot$ f p4 #ejg1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 ( ,! ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,rationalism 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 by ,a4 ,w4 ,b5n 7,longmans1 ,gre51 & ,co41 #aijf74 #cej ,9 8 ma/]ly "w1 ,on ,compromise4 #cea ,see p4 #ee ( ,! ,bible & ! ,*ild4 #ceb ,bi%op ,diggle1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,*ur* ,congress ( #aijf1 9 8 op5+ address4 #cec ,ibid4 #ced ,record$ 9 ,! ,life ( ,frances ,p[] ,cobbe1 z ,told by ,h]self4 7,sonn5s*e947 #cee ,see #c ( ! la/ ,*apt] & #b ( ! pres5t4 #cef ,p4 #cib ( ,! ,indep5d5t ,review1 ,decemb]1 #aijd4 #ceg ,br[n+'s ,fun]al1 a poem by ,mrs4 ,huxley4 ,! la/ ?ree l9es 7 inscrib$1 at ,pr(4 ,huxley's reque/1 ^u 8 grave-/one 79 ,/4 ,m>ylebone ,cemet]y1 ,ea/ ,f9*ley74 #ceh ,see ,*apt] ,i41 p4 #cj4 #cei ,see ,app5dix4 #cfj ,an ,agno/ic's ,apology1 pp4 #aca1 #acc1 #ach1 ( ! ,r4 ,p4 ,a4 ,repr9t4 #cfa ,sp5c]'s ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology1 p4 #ih1 ,! ,data ( ,sociology4 #cfb ,9 8 book1 ,! ,he>ts ( ,m54 #cfc ,see art4 ,is ,man by ,nature ,religi\s8 by ,h4 ,dundas1 9 ,! ,agno/ic ,annual = #aijf4 #cfd ,we are speak+ n[1 rememb]1 ( a religion su* z ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 "o involv+ a belief 9 ! sup]natural1 & n ( religion z ,pr(essor ,huxley def9$ x--a rev]5ce & love = ! e?ical ideal1 & ! desire to realise t ideal 9 life4 ,we are n speak+ ( a m]e e?ical b9d+ betwe5 man & man1 ( a religion free f all !ology1 su* z ,comte's ,positivism4 #cfe ,quot$ f pp4 #afi-aga ( ,a ,reply to ,dr4 ,lightfoot's ,essays4 #cff ,an ,agno/ic's ,apology1 p4 #acg4 #cfg ,9 ,*ap4 ,,vii41 pp4 #caa1 #cae-af1 & 9 ,*ap4 ,,viii41 #b & #c 7#c7 & 7#d74 #cfh ,quot$ f p4 #bg ( ,! ,agno/ic ,annual = #aijf4 #cfi ,canon ,scott ,holl&1 9 a s]mon prea*$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ,may1 #aijf4 #cgj ,^! are ! conclud+ words ( a lecture deliv]$ 9 ! ,c5tral ,hall1 ,man*e/]4 ,! lecture is incorporat$ ) o!rs 9 a book entitl$ ,is ,*ri/ianity ,true8 7,*>les ,h4 ,kelly1 #bf1 ,pat]no/] ,r[1 ,e4,c42 #f;d474 #cga ,see ,app5dix4 #cgb ,?is view is confirm$ by su* /&>d works z ,lecky's ,rise & ,influ5ce ( ,rationalism 9 ,europe1 ,buckle's ,hi/ory ( ,civilisation 9 ,engl&1 ,rob]tson's ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,free?\ght1 & ,b5n's ,hi/ory ( ,rationalism 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 #cgc ,quot$ f a s]mon prea*$ by ! ,rev4 ,*>les ,voysey at ! ,!i/ic ,*ur*1 ,octob] #bbnd1 #aije4 ,see also ,app5dix4 #cgd ,see ,gibbon's ,rome1 p4 #beg1 vol4 ii4 7ed4 #ahji74 #cge ,?is w>n+ 0 pron\nc$ by ,canon ,h5son on ,novemb] #af?1 #aije1 :5 comm5t+1 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ^u ! ,russian atrocities4 #cgf ,p4 #ceb1 ,vol4 ,i41 ( 8 ,hi/ory ( ,civilisation 9 ,engl& 7,longmans1 ,gre51 ,co42 #ahia74 #cgg ,see also ,*ap4 ,,vii41 p4 #bha1 note4 #cgh ,on ,sunday1 ,april #ac?1 #ahij4 #cgi ,at a gala banquet at ,dresd51 ,octob] #be?1 #aije4 #chj ,tak5 f ! emp]or's spee* at ! op5+ ( ! ,rei*/ag1 ,novemb] #bh?1 #aije4 ,n4,b4--,*ri/ian nations di/ru/ "o ano!r's righte\sness ev5 :5 ! ,/ate & ! ,*ur* are unit$ & ! rul]s are def5d]s ( ! ,fai?4 ,x may be not$ also t at ! swe>+-9 ( ! recruits ( ! ,potsdam g>rison on ,novemb] #ad?1 #aije1 !y 7 told to make ! ,crucifix _! ,g5]alissimo6 #cha ,9 8 book1 ,! ,peace ( ! ,anglo-,saxons1 ) an ,introduction by ,field-,m>%al ,e>l ,rob]ts1 ,k4,g4 7,watts ,co47 ,obs]vations sugge/$ by ?is w>n+ w be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix4 #chb ,ap>t f ! extra burd5 on ! work]s1 does ! ,*ur*1 ,i wond]1 ev] ?or\ghly realise ! inevitable effect on public morality ( keep+ a l>ge body ( m5 f liv+ a normal dome/ic life8 ,does %e realise t diseases hurtful to ! race are m preval5t ?an ev]1 & t n[adays pro/itution has spread f ! g>rison t[ns to ! villages8 ,does %e realise t h] purity campaigns fail to /rike at ! root ( ! evil8 #chc ,held 9 ,luc]ne on ,septemb] #ai?-#bcrd1 #aije4 #chd ,see ,app5dix4 #che ,see ,mr4 7n[ ! ,"r ,hon47 ,augu/9e ,birrell's sugge/ive article1 ,patriotism & ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review1 ,febru>y1 #aije4 #chf ,! ,ts> is probably s9c]e 9 8 pr(essions1 & is ! helpless tool ( 8 advis]s4 ,c we make ! same excuse = ano!r pot5tate--= him ( ! mail$ fi/8 #chg ,see ,app5dix4 #chh ,butl]1 ,analogy1 pt4 ii41 #c4 #chi ,9 ,lit]ature & ,dogma4 ,see p4 #ba ( ! ,r4 ,p4 ,a4 ,repr9t4 #cij ,see p4 #ahc ( ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,octob]1 #aije4 #cia ,comp\nds ( cyanog5 h a close resemblance to liv+ matt]4 ,z cyanog5 is only produc$ at an int5se heat1 x is surmis$ t ! liv+ sub/ance may h be5 produc$ once & = all :5 ! e>? 0 inc&esc5t4 #cib ,p4 #chg ( ,! ,indep5d5t ,review1 ,decemb]1 #aijd4 #cic ,to ^? will+ to be in/ruct$ ,i sugge/ a p]usal ( ,doane's ,bible ,my?s & _! ,p>allels 9 ,o!r ,religions 7,new ,york3 ,! ,commonweal? ,company71 :]e !y w f9d "s int5sely int]e/+ in=mation :i* has be5 labori\sly ga!r$ f innum]able volumes1 anci5t & mod]n4 ,! few inaccuracies occurr+ 9 x are ( a trivial nature2 besides1 z ! au?or inv>iably quotes 8 au?orities1 8 /atem5ts c be v]ifi$ & ! tru/wor?9ess ( 8 au?ority = !m asc]ta9$4 ,i may add t ,i f\nd ?is "w ( consid]able assi/ance at ! comm5cem5t ( my /udy ( ,comp>ative ,my?ology4