,absurdities ( ,immat]ialism1 ,or1 ,a ,reply to ,t4 ,w4 ,p4 ,tayld]'s ,pamphlet1 ,entitl$1 ,! ,mat]ialism ( ! ,mormons or ,latt]-day ,sa9ts1 ,exam9$ & ,expos$4 ,by ,orson ,pratt1 ,"o ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les ( ! ,*ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ( ,latt]-,day ,sa9ts4 ,:at is tru?8 ,?is is a "q :i* has be5 ask$ by _m4 ,x is a "q suppos$ to be ( difficult solution4 ,mr4 ,tayld] 9 8 tract aga9/ mat]ialism1 says1 ,x is a "q :i* all ! philosoph]s ( ! ,grecian & ,roman s*ools c\ld n answ]4 ,he seems to ?9k ! "q 0 unansw]able until ! introduction ( ! gospel2 s9ce :i* "t he consid]s t ! veil is tak5 away1 & t we n[ enjoy ! full blaze ( tru?4 ,he fur!r confid5tly ass]ts1 t ) ! mat]ials af=d$ u 9 t sacr$ book1 7mean+ ! ,new ,te/am5t17 we are enabl$ satisfactorily to answ] ! "q1 ,:at is tru?8 ,:at does ?is au?or mean by ! =ego+ ass]tions8 ,does he mean1 t no tru? 0 und]/ood by ! ,grecian & ,roman s*ools8 ,t no tru? 0 disc]n$ by ! nations1 dur+ ! fir/ f\r ?\s& ye>s aft] ! creation8 ,or1 does he mean1 t ! gospel tru?s 7 n und]/ood until !y 7 reveal$8 ,he c]ta9ly mu/ mean ! latt] & n ! =m]4 ,bo? ! ,romans & ,grecians c\ld1 )\t ! lea/ difficulty1 answ] ! "q4 ,:at is tru?8 ,no?+ is m simple ?an an answ] to ?is "q4 ,x is a tru?1 t some?+ exi/s 9 space1 & ?is tru? 0 j z well p]ceiv$ by all nations be=e ! book call$ ! ,new ,te/am5t exi/$ z aft]w>ds4 ,x is a tru? t1 ! ?ree angles ( a triangle are equal to two "r angles4 ,?is 0 n le>n$ f t sacr$ book--! ,bible4 ,we admit t ! "q1 :at is gospel tru?1 c\ld n be answ]$ by any "o to :om ! gospel _h nev] be5 reveal$4 ,dr4 ,good1 9 8 ,book ( ,nature1 says1 g5]al tru? may be def9$1 ! connexion & agreem5t1 or repugnancy & disagreem5t1 ( our ideas4 ,?is def9ition we consid] errone\s2 = x makes g5]al tru? dep5d on ! exi/5ce ( ideas4 ,n[ tru? is indep5d5t ( all ideas4 ,x is a necess>y tru? t1 space is b\ndless1 & t duration is endless1 ab/ract f all connexion & agreem5t ( our ideas1 or ev5 ( our exi/5ce1 or ! exi/5ce ( any o!r be+4 ,if nei!r ! univ]se nor its ,creator exi/$1 ^! et]nal un*angeable1 & necess>y tru?s w\ld exi/1 unp]ceiv$ & unkn[n4 ,tru? is ! relation :i* ?+s be> to ea* o!r4 ,k is ! p]ception ( tru?4 ,tru? may exi/ )\t k1 b k _c exi/ )\t tru?4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t unfolds1 n all ! tru?s :i* exi/1 b "s few tru?s ( inf9ite importance4 ,! va/ majority ( tru?s ( less importance 7 discov]$ indep5d5tly ( t book4 ,! foll[]s ( ,joseph ,smi?1 says ?is au?or1 hold ! doctr9e ( ! mat]iality ( all exi/5ce 9 common ) ! anci5t academics4 ,?is1 sir1 we admit4 ,our belief1 h[ev]1 9 ?is doctr9e1 is f\nd$1 n on any mod]n sup]natural revelation1 unfold+ ?is doctr9e1 z ?is au?or ins9uates1 b on reason & common s5se4 ,! doctr9e ( immat]ialism1 9 our e/imation1 is false1 & 9 ! highe/ degree absurd1 & unwor?y ! belief ( any true ,*ri/ian philosoph]4 ,! au?or ( ! treatise aga9/ mat]ialism has /at$ 8 fir/ proposition z foll[s3-- ,! ,philosophy ( ! ,mormons is ,,irrational4 ,:at ! au?or means by ?is proposition is1 t x is irrational to believe all sub/ance mat]ial4 ,to sub/antiate ?is proposition he sets out 9 que/ ( pro(4 ,an immat]ial sub/ance is ! ?+ want$4 ,no o!r pro( w answ]4 ,if he c prove ! exi/5ce ( an immat]ial sub/ance 8 po9t is ga9$1--8 proposition e/abli%$1 & ! irrationality ( ! mat]ial !ory w be demon/rat$4 ,z we are ab\t to laun* =? into ! wide field ( exi/5ce 9 se>* ( an immat]ial sub/ance1 x may be well to h ! t]m correctly def9$1 s z to be able to di/+ui% su* a sub/ance f matt]4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t e reason] %\ld cle>ly def9e ! t]ms he employs4 ,two cont5d+ p>ties may use ! same ^w 9 altoge!r diff]5t mean+s2 & ea* draw correct conclusions f ! mean+ :i* he atta*es to ! same ^w2 h5ce arise endless disputes4 ,z we h no confid5ce 9 ! immat]ial !ory1 we %all let ! immat]iali/ def9e 8 own t]ms4 ,we %all give1 ,tayld]'s ,def9ition4--,:at is meant by an immat]ial sub/ance is m]ely ?is1 t some?+ exi/s :i* is n matt] & is evid5tly di/9ct f matt]1 :i* is n dep5d5t on matt] = its exi/5ce1 & :i* possesses prop]ties & qualities entirely diff]5t f ^? possess$ by matt]4 7,tayld]'s ,tract aga9/ ,mat]ialism4 ,page #ad47 ,?is def9ition ( an immat]ial sub/ance is ambigu\s4 ,x ne$s ano!r def9ition to in=m u :at he means4 ,does he mean t ,,all ( ! prop]ties & qualities ( an immat]ial sub/ance are entirely diff]5t f ^? possess$ by matt]2 & t x possesses ,,no prop]ties 9 common ) matt]8 ,or does he mean t :ile x possesses ,,"s prop]ties & qualities entirely diff]5t f matt] x inh]its ,,o!rs 9 common ) matt]8 ,if ! latt] be 8 mean+1 we see no reason = call+ any sub/ance immat]ial4 ,iron possesses ,,"s prop]ties & qualities entirely diff]5t f all o!r k9ds ( matt]1 & o!r prop]ties x inh]its 9 common ) e o!r k9d4 ,%all we !re=e say t iron is n matt]8 ,among ! v>i\s k9d ( matt]1 ea* has its di/9ct prop]ties1 & its common prop]ties2 & not)/&+ ea* possesses entirely diff]5t prop]ties & qualities f all o!r k9ds1 yet ea* is call$ matt] because x possesses "s prop]ties 9 common ) all o!r k9ds4 ,h5ce ! t]m matt] %\ld be giv5 to all sub/ances :i* possess any prop]ties 9 common1 h[ev] wide !y may diff] 9 o!r respects4 ,a sub/ance to be immat]ial mu/ possess ,,no prop]ties or qualities 9 common ) matt]4 ,all its qualities mu/ be entirely di/9ct & diff]5t4 ,x is to be regrett$ t our oppon5t has n def9$ an immat]ial sub/ance m cle>ly4 ,z he is ambigu\s 9 8 def9ition1 we %all presume t he ent]ta9s ! same views z ! mod]n advocates ( immat]ialism g5]ally ent]ta94 ,t celebrat$ writ]1 ,isaac ,taylor1 says1--a disembodi$ _s1 or we %\ld r say1 an unembodi$ _s1 or %e] m9d1 is ,,n[h]e4 ,place is a relation belong+ to ext5sion2 & ext5sion is a prop]ty ( matt]2 b t :i* is :olly ab/ract$ f matt]1 & 9 speak+ ( :i* we d5y t x has any prop]ty 9 common !re)1 c 9 itself be subject$ to none ( its conditions2 & we might z well say ( a pure _s t x is h>d1 heavy1 or r$1 or t x is a cubic foot 9 dim5sions1 z say t x is "h or !re4 ,x is only 9 a popul> & improp] s5se t any su* affirmation is made conc]n+ ! ,inf9ite ,_s1 or t we speak ( ,god z ev]y:]e pres5t4 99 99 99 ,us+ ! t]m z we use !m ( ourselves1 ,god is n "h or !re4 99 99 99 ,:5 we talk ( an absolute immat]iality1 cont9ues ?is au?or1 & wi% to )draw m9d altoge!r f matt]1 we mu/ no long] all[ ourselves to imag9e t x is1 or c be1 9 any place1 or t x has any k9d ( relation%ip to ! visible & ext5d$ univ]se4 7,taylor's ,physical ,!ory ( ,ano!r ,life4 ,*apt] ,,ii47 ,dr4 ,good says1 ,! metaphysical immat]iali/s ( mod]n times freely admit t ! m9d has ,,no ,,place ( exi/5ce1 t x does exi/ ,,n[h]e2 :ile at ! same "t !y are compell$ to all[ t ! immat]ial ,creator or univ]sal _s exi/s ,,ev]y:]e1 sub/antially z well z virtually4 7,good's ,book ( ,nature1 ,s]ies ,,iii41 ,lecture ,i47 ,dr4 ,ab]crombie1 9 speak+ ^u matt] & m9d1 says1 t 9 z f> z our utmo/ conception ( !m ext5ds1 we h no gr\nds = believ+ t !y h any?+ 9 common4 7,ab]crombie on ! ,intellectual ,p[]s4 ,"p ,i4 ,sec4 ,i47 ,) ^! def9itions1 we %all foll[ our oppon5t 9 8 rese>*es aft] an immat]ial sub/ance4 ,aft] tak+ a m9ute survey ( man1 he believes he has f\nd 9 8 composition1 & 9 connexion ) 8 bodily organization1 some?+ immat]ial4 ,he says1 ! _s is ! purely immat]ial "p1 :i* is capable ( sep>ation f ! body1 & c exi/ indep5d5tly ( ! body4 ,! body is t mat]ial "p1 '=m$ out ( ! du/ ( ! gr\nd1' & is ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! m9d is manife/$4 7,tayld]'s ,tract aga9/ ,mat]ialism4 ,page #h47 ,t ! m9d or _s1 is capable ( sep>ation f ! body1 & c exi/ indep5d5tly ( ! body1 we mo/ assur$ly believe2 b t x is immat]ial we d5y2 & x rema9s = ,mr4 ,tayld] to prove its immat]iality4 ,8 fir/ pro( is f\nd$ on 8 own ass]tion1 t m9d is simple1 n comp\nd$4 ,if ?is ass]tion be admitt$ z true1 x af=ds n ! lea/ evid5ce = ! immat]iality ( m9d4 ,e mat]ial atom is simple1 n comp\nd$4 ,is x1 !re=e1 n matt]8 ,mu/ ea* simple1 uncomp\nd$ elem5t>y atom be immat]ial8 ,mr4 ,tayld] next says1 ,m9d is n p]ceivable to corporeal organs1 matt] is s p]ceivable4 ,?is ass]tion is altoge!r unf\nd$4 ,corporeal organs c p]ceive nei!r matt] nor m9d4 ,! m9d alone c p]ceive3 corporeal organs are only ! in/rum5ts ( p]ception4 ,bi%op ,butl]1 9 8 ,analogy1 expressly says1 t our organs ( s5se prep>e & convey on objects1 9 ord] to _! be+ p]ceiv$1 9 l matt] z =eign matt] does1 )\t af=d+ any %ad[ ( appe>ance1 t !y !mselves p]ceive4 7,butl]'s ,analogy4 ,"p ,i4 ,*ap4 ,i47 ,! m9d cle>ly p]ceives its own exi/5ce z well z ! exi/5ce ( o!r matt]4 ,p]ception1 !n1 is a quality peculi> to t k9d ( matt] call$ m9d4 ,mr4 ,tayld] fur!r rem>ks1 t ,all ! qualities ( matt] are n comp>able ) ! m excell5t qualities ( m9d1 su* z p[] & intellig5ce4 ,we will+ to admit t p[] & intellig5ce1 & "s o!r qualities ( m9d1 are f> sup]ior to ! qualities ( o!r matt]2 b we d n admit t ! sup]iority ( "s ( ! qualities ( a sub/ance prove its immat]iality4 ,! sup]iority ( "s qualities has no?+ to d ) ! immat]iality ( ! sub/ance4 ,,oxyg5 possesses "s qualities1 n only di/9ct f1 b sup]ior to1 ^? qualities possess$ by ,,b>ium1 ,,/rontium1 ,,silicium1 ,,gluc9ium1 ,,zirconium1 & _m o!r metals & mat]ial sub/ances2 yet no "o f ?is w draw ! conclusion1 t oxyg5 is immat]ial4 ,oxyg5 is mat]ial ?\gh x possesses "s di/9ct & sup]ior qualities to o!r matt]2 s m9d or _s is mat]ial1 ?\gh x diff]s 9 ! sup]iority ( "s ( its qualities f o!r matt]4 ,x is /range1 inde$1 to see ! inconsi/5cies ( ?is le>n$ au?or3 he rem>ks1 ,m9d ?9ks1 matt] _c ?9k4 ,x is ! exi/5ce ( ?is ?9k+ pr9ciple :i* cle>ly proves ! immat]iality ( ! m9d or _s4 ,?is me?od ( reason+ may be t]m$ 7petitio pr9cipii71 begg+ ! "q4 ,fir/1 he assumes t matt] _c ?9k2 &1 second1 draws ! conclusion t a ?9k+ sub/ance is immat]ial4 ,?is conclusion is a legitimate "o if ! premises are grant$2 b ! premises are assum$1 !re=e ! conclusion is false4 ,prove t m9d is n matt] be=e y assume t matt] _c ?9k4 ,x w\ld seem f ! ass]tions ( ?is au?or1 t ! quality ( ?9k+ is to be ! t\*/one--! infallible te/--! gr& di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic betwe5 mat]ial & immat]ial sub/ances4 ,x matt]s n1 9 8 e/imation1 h[ _m qualities diff]5t sub/ances inh]it 9 common1 if "o c be f\nd t ?9ks1 x mu/ be immat]ial4 ,!re is no "o sub/ance out ( ! fifty or m sub/ances discov]$ by *emi/s1 b :at possesses "s qualities entirely diff]5t f any ( ! re/2 !re=e1 ea* sub/ance1 :5 comp>$ ) o!rs1 has equal claims ) t ( m9d to be plac$ 9 ! immat]ial li/4 ,9 prov+ t m9d is immat]ial1 x is n en\gh to prove t x has "s prop]ties entirely di/9ct f o!r sub/ances2 b x mu/ be prov$ to h no prop]ties 9 common ) matt]4 ,no?+ %ort ( ?is w agree ) ! mod]n notions ( immat]iality4 ,x mu/ be %[n t m9d or _s has no relation to duration or space--no locality--t x mu/ exi/ ,,n[h]e--t x has no ext5sion--t x exi/s n ,n[ & ,!n1 nei!r ,"h nor ,!re--t x _c be mov$ f place to place--t x has no =m or figure--no b\nd>ies or limits ( ext5sion4 ,^!1 accord+ to ! def9itions ( mod]n immat]iali/s1 are ! negative conditions or qualities absolutely necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( all immat]ial sub/ance4 ,:ile ! opposite ( ^!1 or ! positive qualities or conditions are absolutely necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( all mat]ial sub/ance4 ,h[ d y di/+ui%1 inquires ,mr4 ,tayld]1 betwe5 any two giv5 sub/ances1 su* z1 t a block ( /one is n a log ( wood8 ,he answ]s1 ,because !y possess diff]5t qualities4 ,& !n decl>es1 ,s also y di/+ui% betwe5 m9d & matt]4 ,b ! diff]5t qualities by :i* a block ( /one is di/+ui%$ f a log ( wood1 d n prove ei!r ! /one or ! wood to be immat]ial2 nei!r d ! diff]5t qualities by :i* ! sub/ance call$ m9d is di/+ui%$ f o!r sub/ances1 prove ei!r ! m9d or ! o!r sub/ances to be immat]ial4 ,s f> z ! diff]5t qualities are evid5ces1 ! m9d has z good a claim to mat]iality z ! /one or wood4 ,! prop]ties ( body1 cont9ues our le>n$ oppon5t1 are size1 weight1 solidity1 resi/ance1 c42 ^? ( ! m9d are joy1 hope1 fe>1 c42 b weight is n joy1 resi/ance is n hope1 size is n fe>2 !re=e1 z a block ( /one is n a log ( wood1 s m9d is n matt]4 ,t a /one possesses _m diff]5t qualities f wood1 & t m9d possesses _m diff]5t qualities f o!r sub/ances1 we by no means d5y2 b t ^! diff]5t qualities prove /one1 or wood1 or m9d1 or any o!r sub/ance to be immat]ial1 we d d5y4 ,we c>e n h[ _m diff]5t prop]ties m9d possesses ov] & above o!r sub/ances2 t is altoge!r =eign f ! "q4 ,b is x de/itute ( any or ( all ! prop]ties :i* o!r sub/ances possess8 is ! "q4 ,is x de/itute ( size1 weight1 solidity1 resi/ance1 c8 ,if n1 !n ! m9d possesses all ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( matt]1 ?\gh its peculi> & di/9ct prop]ties %\ld be multipli$ to inf9ity4 ,?is au?or calls weight "o ( ! prop]ties ( matt]4 ,:at is weight8 ,x is no?+ m nor less ?an =ce4 ,matt] approa*es to1 or presses on1 o!r matt] ) weight1 or =ce1 or p[]4 ,n[ matt] ei!r ex]ts ?is =ce ( itself1 or else x is impell$ ei!r directly or indirectly by o!r sub/ances1 possess+ intellig5ce1 p[]1 & o!r prop]ties ( m9d4 ,if matt] ex]ts ?is p[] ( itself1 !n x exhibits "o ( ! prop]ties ( m9d2 b if ! seat ( ?is p[] is 9 t sub/ance call$ m9d1 !n x is m9d t exhibits ! p[] call$ weight1 & n o!r sub/ances4 ,mr4 ,tayld] in=ms u t x is m9d1 & m9d alone1 :i* is ! seat ( p[]4 7,tayld] aga9/ ,mat]ialism4 ,page #ab47 ,if ?is be true1 7& we feel no disposition to d5y x71 !n weight is n ! prop]ty ( un9tellig5t matt]1 b a prop]ty ( m9d4 ,& ! same reason+ w apply to all o!r p[]s or =ces :i* are g5]ally ascrib$ to un9tellig5t matt]4 ,!y are only ! p[]s or =ces ( m9d1 or else o!r sub/ances exhibit p[]s or =ces :i* are common to m9d3 9 ! latt] case1 m9d c\ld n be immat]ial3 9 ! =m] case1 un9tellig5t matt] 7if su* exi/7 is depriv$ ( e =ce usually ascrib$ to x4 ,x c h nei!r gravitation1 attraction1 repulsion1 *emical aff9ity1 nor any o!r conceivable =ce4 ,?\gh depriv$ ( all en]gy or =ce1 un9tellig5t matt] w\ld /ill be possess$ ( ^? in]t qualities 7if1 inde$1 !y may be call$ qualities7 ess5tial to its exi/5ce4 ,^! qualities1 or r conditions necess>y to its exi/5ce1 are duration1 ext5sion or place1 solidity1 figure1 c4 ,an immat]ial sub/ance mu/ h none ( ^? conditions or qualities4 ,x is amus+ to trace ?is au?or's process ( reason+4 ,he fir/ assumes premises entirely false1 argues f ! same1 %[s ! d$uctions to be absurd & triumphantly exclaims1 ,m9d !n is n matt]4 ,we w quote ! foll[+ specim53 ,if ! m9d1 says ?is au?or1 be mat]ial & ! bra9 no?+ b a l>ge gl&1 secret+ ! v>i\s affections ( ?\ght1 hope1 joy1 memory1 c1 !n all ^! affections or qualities are mat]ial1 & mu/ be also little p>ticles ( matt]1 ( diff]5t =ms & dim5sions1 & p]haps ( v>i\s col\rs1 ,!n we might1 ) ! utmo/ propriety1 )\t ! %ad[ ( an absurdity1 logically say1 '! tw5tie? "p ( our belief1 ! half ( a hope1 ! top ( memory1 ! corn] ( a fe>1 ! nor? side ( a d\bt1' c4 ,m9d !n is n matt]4 7,tayld] aga9/ ,mat]ialism4 ,page #ae47 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ?is logical au?or1 9 ! =ego+ quotation1 conf\nds affections or qualities ) m9d2 t is1 he supposes ?\ght1 hope1 joy1 memory1 c4 all to be mat]ial z well z ! m9d2 he !n introduces a mat]ial bra9 t secretes ! mat]ial affections2 b :at becomes ( ! mat]ial m9d he does n tell u2 probably ! mat]ial m9d is /[$ away 9 "s extremity ( ! body--9 ! foot or big toe1 s z n to int]f]e ) its mat]ial affections1 :i* are secret$ 9 ! mat]ial bra9 at ! o!r extremity4 ,aft] imag9+ up su* an unhe>d ( be+1 no wond] t he %\ld discov] "s absurdities 9 its composition4 ,no wond] t 9 su* a creature ( 8 own inv5tion1 !re %\ld be1 n only ! corn] ( a fe>1 & ! nor? side ( a d\bt1 b a cubical imag9ation ) horns to x4 ,no wond] t su* frightful absurdities %\ld cause z great a man z ,tayld] to exclaim ) ! upp] "p ( a five-corn]$ assurance1 t ,m9d !n is n matt]4 ,x w\ld be a logical conclusion f 8 logical absurdities1 f\nd$ on 8 mat]ial affections ( a mat]ial m9d4 ,b :o does n "k t ?\ght1 hope1 joy1 memory1 & all o!r affections or qualities are n sub/ances ( any k9d1 b m]ely diff]5t op]ations or /ates ( ! m9d8 ,a mat]ial m9d1 possess+ ! p[] to ?9k1 to feel1 to reason1 to rememb]1 is n ! bra91 nor secretions ( ! bra91 nor any o!r "p ( ! fle%y tab]nacle2 b x is ! be+ t inhabits x1 t pres]ves its own id5tity1 :e!r 9 ! body or out ( x1 & rema9s un*angeable 9 its sub/ance :atev] *anges may happ5 to ! body4 ,?is mat]ial _s or m9d exi/$ be=e x ent]$ ! body1 exi/s 9 ! body1 w exi/ aft] x leaves ! body1 & w be reunit$ aga9 ) ! body 9 ! resurrection4 ,z ano!r specim5 ( mon/r\s absurdities logically d$uc$ f absurd premises1 we quote ! foll[+3--,mat]ialism he rem>ks1 is n only relatively b absolutely absurd4 ,if m9d be matt]1 or matt] m9d1 !n we may h ! squ>e or cube ( joy or grief1 ( pa9 or pleasure4 ,we may divide a great joy into a numb] ( little joys1 or we may accumulate a great joy by heap+ toge!r ! solid p>ts ( sev]al little joys4 ,we %all !n h ! color & %ape ( a ?\ght4 ,x w be ei!r :ite1 grey1 br[n1 crimson1 purple1 or x may be a mixture ( two or m colors4 ,!n we %all h a d>k grey hope1 a bright yell[ sorr[1 a r\nd br[n tall pa91 & an octagonal gre5 belief2 an in* ( ?\ght1 a mile ( joy4 ,we d mo/ cordially agree ) ,mr4 ,tayld] t ^! results w\ld be n only relatively b absolutely absurd2 & only equall$ by ! absurdity ( ! premises f :i* !y 7 d$uc$4 ,he has assum$ t ! sev]al ,,/ates or ,,conditions ( ! m9d1 su* z joy1 grief1 pa91 pleasure1 ?\ght1 c41 are mat]ial z well z ! m9d4 ,) ! same propriety he might h assum$ t ,,motion is mat]ial z well z ! matt] mov$4 ,joy is no m a sub/ance ?an motion1 bo? are m]ely ! /ates or conditions ( sub/ance4 ,z great absurdities c\ld be d$uc$ f assum+ t motion is mat]ial1 z !re c be f ,mr4 ,tayld]'s assumption t joy is mat]ial4 ,z an illu/ration1 let u take ?is au?or's own words1 ) ! exception ( sub/itut+ iron = m9d1 motion = ! affections ( ! m9d2 x w !n read ?us3--,if iron be matt]1 or matt] iron1 !n we may h ! squ>e or cube ( a solid motion4 ,we may divide a great solid motion into a numb] ( little solid motions1 or we may accumulate a great solid motion by heap+ toge!r ! solid p>ts ( sev]al little solid motions4 ,we %all !n h a color & %ape ( a motion4 ,x w be ei!r :ite1 grey1 br[n1 crimson1 purple1 or x may be a mixture ( two or m colors4 ,!n we %all h a d>k grey motion a r\nd1 br[n1 tall motion2 an in* or a mile ( solid motion1 c4 ,x is /range t ,mr4 ,tayld] did n close 8 tra9 ( reason+1 by say+1 ,m9d1 !re=e1 is n matt]2 & !n we c\ld h complet$ ! p>allel by say+1 iron1 !re=e1 is n matt]4 ,if su* reason+ proves m9d immat]ial1 simil> reason+ w prove any o!r sub/ance immat]ial4 ,mr4 ,orson ,pratt1 obs]ves our au?or1 calls matt] into exi/5ce1 ( :i* ! _w kn[s b little4 ,he has n only 'intellig5t matt]1' b 'all-wise1' & 'all-p[]ful' matt]4 ,?is matt] is capable ( division into p>ts2 = all matt] has l5g?1 bread?1 & ?ickness4 ,!n we %all h ! half ( an intellig5t atom ( matt]1 ! eigh? ( an all-wise atom1 ! ?\s&? "p ( an all-p[]ful atom c4 ,su* are ! absurdities :i* '! ,latt]-day ,sa9t' embraces4 ,"h ! au?or seems to h recov]$ p>tially f ! wild absurd notions ( apply+ ! t]m mat]ial to ! affections1 & is will+ to apply x to sub/ance :]e x belongs4 ,b he speaks ( ! division ( atoms :i* does n accord ) ! g5]al notions ( mod]n philosophy4 ,! immortal ,newton says1 ,x seems probable t ,god1 9 ! beg9n+1 =m$ matt] 9 solid1 masses1 h>d1 imp5etrable1 moveable p>ticles4 ,?is does n favor ! divisibility ( atoms4 ,newton fur!r obs]ves1 ,t nature may be la/+1 ! *anges ( corporeal ?+s are to be plac$ only 9 ! v>i\s sep>ations1 & new associations1 & motions ( ^! p]man5t p>ticles2 comp\nd bodies be+ apt to break1 n 9 ! mid/ ( solid p>ticles1 b :]e ^? p>ticles are laid toge!r1 & t\* only 9 a few po9ts4 ,^! are ! views ent]ta9$ by philosoph]s g5]ally at ! pres5t day1 ) ! exception ( "h & !re an isolat$ individual :o advocates ! !ory ( ! inf9ite divisibility ( matt]4 ,p]haps our au?or may be ( t class2 = he speaks ( ! division ( atoms4 ,x is admitt$ t sub/ance is capable ( division & subdivision until arriv+ at its ultimate atoms1 aft] :i* all fur!r sep>ation ceases4 ,?is division ( ! same k9d ( sub/ance does n alt] or *ange ! nature or prop]ties ( ! respective p>ts2 if !y possess$ attraction :5 unit$1 !y also possess x :5 sep>at$ or else attraction is ! result ( union & ceases ) x4 ,s 9 relation to intellig5t sub/ance1 )\t reg>d to its mat]iality or immat]iality2 if x is intellig5t z a :ole1 x is intellig5t 9 its respective p>ts aft] division1 or else ! intellig5t p[] is ! result ( ! union ( un9tellig5t p>ts1 & ceases :5 ! union ceases4 ,!re=e if ! intellig5t sub/ance1 call$ m9d1 is intellig5t1 z a :ole1 x is intellig5t 9 all its p>ts2 & !re w\ld be no m absurdity 9 speak+ ( ! half1 ! eigh?1 or ! ?\s&? "p ( an intellig5t sub/ance1 ?an !re w\ld be 9 speak+ ( ! half1 ! eigh?1 or ! ?\s&? "p ( an attract+ sub/ance4 ,& yet ,mr4 ,tayld] exclaims1 ,su* are ! absurdities :i* ! ',latt]-day ,sa9t' embraces4 ,p]haps our au?or's immat]ial m9d or _s w n suff] him to believe t ! :ole _s ( man is made up or consi/s ( p>ts4 ,if ! _s ( man is a sub/ance1 z ,mr4 ,tayld] admits1 ?\gh he d5ies its mat]iality1 !n x mu/ be ei!r a simple uncomp\nd$ be+ or atom1 or a unit$ collection ( su* be+s or atoms4 ,bi%op ,butl] supposes ! _s ( man to be a s+le1 simple1 indivisible be+4 ,he rem>ks1 t s9ce consci\sness is a s+le & individual p[]1 x %\ld seem t ! subject 9 :i* x resides mu/ be s too1 t is ! consci\s be+4 ,he fur!r says1 ,t we h no way ( det]m9+ by exp]i5ce :at is ! c]ta9 bulk ( ! liv+ be+ ea* man calls himself2 & yet1 7cont9ues he71 till x be det]m9$ t x is l>g] 9 bulk ?an ! solid elem5t>y p>ticles ( matt]1 :i* !re is no gr\nd to ?9k any natural p[] c dissolve1 !re is no sort ( reason to ?9k dea? to be ! dissolution ( x1 ( ! liv+ be+1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld n be absolutely indisc]ptible4 7,butl]'s ,analogy4 ,"p ,i1 ,*ap4 ,i47 ,our au?or seems to be a little m positive ?an ,butl]1 & ass]ts app>5tly )\t any d\bt1 t m9d is simple n comp\nd$4 7,tayld] aga9/ ,mat]ialism4 ,page #ad47 ,"h1 !n1 accord+ to bo? ,butl] & ,tayld]1 we h a simple1 uncomp\nd$1 indivisible1 little atom ( consci\s sub/ance1 or1 9 o!r words1 an intellig5t atom4 ,! t]ms atoms & be+ are synonym\s :5 appli$ to a simple indivisible sub/ance s small t ,butl] intimates t its bulk has n be5 det]m9$ to exce$ ! solid elem5t>y p>ticles ( matt]4 ,if ! _s ( "o man is a little atom ( intellig5t sub/ance hav+ bulk1 ! _s ( e o!r man is a simil> atom2 h5ce 9 ! human bodies n[ liv+ on ! e>?1 !re mu/ exi/ ne>ly "o ?\s& million ( intellig5t atoms1 ea* consci\s ( its own exi/5ce1 & capable ( orig9at+ motion indep5d5tly ( ! o!rs4 ,mr4 ,tayld] says ?is intellig5t atom or _s is capable ( sep>ation f ! body1 & c exi/ indep5d5tly ( ! body4 ,?is be+ admitt$1 !n !re mu/ be _m ?\s& million ( intellig5t atoms :i* once inhabit$ bodies b n[ exi/ indep5d5tly ( !m4 ,?is is ! legitimate result ( ! !ory :i* assumes t ! _s ( a man is a little consci\s be+--a sub/ance1 simple1 uncomp\nd$ & indivisible1 capable ( exi/+ ei!r 9 or out ( a body4 ,:]e1 !n1 ,mr4 ,tayld]1 is ! absurdity 9 believ+ z ! ,sa9ts d1 9 ! exi/5ce ( imm5se numb]s ( intellig5t atoms8 ,x agrees mo/ p]fectly ) ! results ( y\r own !ory--! only diff]5ce is 9 ! "n4 ,y call ^! little indivisible sub/ances immat]ial1 we call !m mat]ial4 ,y apply to !m ! same p[]s t we d4 ,y believe !m to be consci\s1 intellig5t1 & ?9k+ atoms z well z we4 ,! "n ( a sub/ance does n alt] its nature2 z = in/ance "s call "o ( ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( ! atmosph]e azote1 o!rs call x nitrog51 b all admit t x possesses ! same nature & prop]ties4 ,if ?is indivisible consci\s be+1 or atom ( sub/ance1 possesses bulk1 z ,bi%op ,butl] intimates1 !n 9 ?is respect x is l ! atoms ( all o!r sub/ances1 & !re=e x mu/ be matt]4 ,if "s atoms c possess v>i\s degrees ( intellig5ce1 wisdom1 & p[]1 :e!r 9 ! body or out ( x1 !n !re is no absurdity 9 ! !ory t !re are o!r atoms :i* are all-wise & all-p[]ful4 ,mr4 ,tayld] admits t !re mu/ be a ,god1 & t he is an all-wise & all-p[]ful be+ or sub/ance1--t sub/ance mu/ be ei!r a simple uncomp\nd$ indivisible be+ or atom1 or a collection ( su* be+s or atoms4 ,if x be an indivisible be+ or atom1 x w\ld prove ! exi/5ce ( "o all-wise & all-p[]ful be+ or atom3 if x be a collection ( su* be+s or atoms1 !n ! !ory ( all-wise & all-p[]ful atoms ( sub/ance is e/abli%$4 ,all !i/ical writ]s admit ! exi/5ce ( su* a sub/ance4 ,x is n ! exi/5ce ( ! sub/ance t is que/ion$1 b x is its nature4 ,"o class calls x immat]ial1 ano!r mat]ial4 ,mr4 ,tayld] has und]tak5 to prove t x is immat]ial1 b z yet he has n furni%$ u ) ev5 ! mo/ di/ant %ad[ ( an evid5ce1 unless1 inde$1 8 own ass]tions are evid5ce4 ,inde$1 he has n[h]e attempt$ to prove t ! spiritual sub/ance ( ei!r man or ! ,deity possesses no prop]ties 9 common ) o!r sub/ance admitt$ to be matt]4 ,z ano!r specim5 ( ,tayld]'s logic we quote ! foll[+3-- ,!re is ano!r conclusion equally absurd1 if ! exi/5ce ( an immat]ial sub/ance be d5i$1 & ?9k+ be ascrib$ to matt]1 & t is1 ! m9d mu/ always ?9k 9 ! same way1 9 ! same direction4 ,z a pro( ( ?is assumption our au?or ref]s to ! writ+s ( ,prie/ly1 z foll[s3--,if man1 says ,dr4 ,prie/ly1 be a mat]ial be+1 & ! p[] ( ?9k+ ! result ( a c]ta9 organization ( ! bra91 does x n foll[1 t all 8 functions mu/ be regulat$ by ! laws ( me*anism1 & t1 ( consequ5ce1 all 8 actions proce$ f an irresi/ible necessity8 ,! doctr9e ( necessity1 cont9ues ,prie/ly1 is ! imm$iate result ( ! doctr9e ( ! mat]iality ( man2 = me*anism is ! und\bt$ consequ5ce ( mat]ialism4 ,we are will+ to admit t an irresi/ible necessity w\ld be ! inevitable consequ5ce ( assum+ t ! p[] ( ?9k+ is ! ,,result ( a ,,c]ta9 ,,organization ( ! ,,bra94 ,b ?is is a mo/ absurd assumption2 = if ! p[] ( ?9k+ be ! result ( a c]ta9 organization ( ! bra91 !n1 :5 t organization ceases1 ! p[] ( ?9k+ w\ld cease also1 & !re c\ld be no sep>ate exi/5ce = ! m9d or _s4 ,b we believe t ! p[] ( ?9k+ is n ! ,,result ( a bra9 organization1 b ! orig9al prop]ty ( t sub/ance call$ _s or m9d1 :i* c exi/ indep5d5tly ( a bra9 organization1 & entirely sep>ate & ap>t f ! body4 ,prie/ly ass]ts t me*anism is ! und\bt$ consequ5ce ( mat]ialism4 ,b ?is is a baseless ass]tion4 ,me*anism implies ! incapability ( act+ only accord+ to ! laws ( ,me*anism1 z x is act$ ^u3 h5ce1 an irresi/ible necessity *>act]izes all ( its movem5ts4 ,b n s ) an intellig5t ?9k+ sub/ance3 x c orig9ate its own motions1 & act accord+ to its own w1 indep5d5tly ( ! laws ( me*anism3 h5ce a p]fect fre$om *>act]izes all ( its movem5ts4 ,be=e ,prie/ly or any o!r man c logically ass]t t me*anism is ! und\bt$ consequ5ce ( mat]ialism1 he mu/ fir/ prove t matt] _c ?9k1 & w1 & move1 or1 9 o!r words1 he mu/ prove t m9d is n matt]4 ,our au?or endeav\rs to ov]?r[ mat]ialism because ( ! absurdities :i* ,d>w9 advocat$4 ,he quotes ! words ( t au?or z foll[s3--,ideas are mat]ial ?+s3 !y are contractions1 motions1 or configurations ( ! fibres ( ! organs ( s5se4 ,"h1 exclaims ,mr4 ,tayld]1 is ! real p]fection ( mat]ialism6 ,x de/roys man's acc\ntability to ,god6 ,!re is !n no su* ?+ z praise or blame1 fe> or hope1 rew>d or puni%m5t1 &1 consequ5tly1 no religion4 ,h[1 inquires our au?or1 c ! ,mormons reconcile ?is conclusion ) _! religi\s fabric1 built on revelations & visions8 ,if _! ,god be a mat]ial be+1 he mu/ necess>ily act me*anically4 ,we reply t we d n wi% to reconcile our religi\s fabric ) ,d>w9's absurdities4 ,d>w9 has assum$ t ideas1 contractions1 motions1 or configurations1 are all mat]ial4 ,:at man1 dis5cumb]$ ( a /rait wai/coat1 c\ld ev] believe 9 su* ridicul\s nons5se6 ,x is only equall$ by ,tayld]'s mat]ial joys & sorr[s1 ( :i* we h already _h occasion to speak4 ,! sub/ance ( ! ,deity1 nor no o!r intellig5t sub/ance1 is dep5d5t on ! contractions1 motions1 or configurations ( organical fibres = its actions1 b x is a self-mov+ sub/ance1 n subject to ! law ( necessity or me*anism l un9tellig5t matt]4 ,! la/ consid]ation1 says ?is immat]iali/ au?or1 :i* x is necess>y to advance = ! real exi/5ce ( m9d1 is consci\sness4 7,tayld]'s ,tract aga9/ ,mat]ialism4 ,page #ah47 ,! real exi/5ce ( m9d is n d\bt$ by u4 ,mr4 ,tayld] has /ray$ entirely f ! "q4 ,! "q is n :e!r m9d has a real exi/5ce1 b :e!r x is immat]ial4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$1 rem>ks ?is au?or1 t 9 a few ye>s our bodies are entirely *ang$4 ,h[1 !n1 on ! mat]ial s*eme1 c a ,mormon tell t he is ! same p]son n[ t he 0 tw5ty ye>s s9ce1 or %all be t5 ye>s h5ce8 ,we reply t x is only ! sub/ance ( ! mat]ial body t is con/antly *ang+1 :ile ! mat]ial _s :i* inhabits ! body1 rema9s un*angeable4 ,p]sonal id5tity consi/s1 n 9 ! id5tity ( a *angeable body1 b 9 ! id5tity ( an un*angeable sub/ance call$ _s1 :i* feels1 ?9ks1 reasons1 & rememb]s4 ,! ,a!nian galley1 :i* 0 s5t e ye> to ,delos = a ?\s& ye>s1 _h be5 repair$ s (t5 t e "p ( its mat]ials _h be5 *ang$ m ?an once1 !re=e x did n rema9 ! same id5tical sub/ance dur+ t p]iod ( "t2 b if a c]ta9 un*angeable diamond _h be5 c>ri$ )9 ?is galley = "o ?\s& ye>s1 x w\ld be ! same id5tical sub/ance /ill1 ?\gh ! galley t c>ri$ x _h be5 *ang$ ev] s (t52 s likewise let ! mat]ial body meet ) an entire *ange e few ye>s1 ! un*angeable mat]ial _s :i* x c>ries )9 w rema9 ! same id5tical sub/ance /ill4 ,inde$1 if ,bi%op ,butl]'s intimation be correct1 t ! _s ( man is a small indivisible be+ or atom1 ^: bulk has n be5 det]m9$ to exce$ ! size ( small elem5t>y p>ticles ( matt]1 !n x w\ld be impossible = su* a small consci\s indivisible atom to *ange its sub/ance 9 ! lea/ degree1 & !re=e x mu/ pres]ve its entire id5tity "u all possible circum/ances4 ,our au?or next inquires1 ,h[ c spiritual matt] occupy ! same space ) ! matt] ( :i* ! body consi/s8 ,we answ] t x _c occupy ! same id5tical space ) o!r matt]1 = ?is is 9 all cases an absolute impossibility4 ,x c only occupy its own space 9 union ) ! matt] ( :i* ! body consi/s4 ,e p>ticle ( ! body occupies a di/9ct space ( its own1 & no two p>ticles ( ! body c exi/ 9 ! same space at ! same "t1 nei!r c any atom ( _s occupy ! same space at ! same "t ) any o!r atom or sub/ance4 ,all sub/ances are por\s4 ,x c be prov$ t ! compon5t p>ticles ( all kn[n sub/ances are n 9 absolute contact1 = all bodies compos$ ( ^! p>ticles c be compress$1 & _! dim5sions r$uc$ )\t dim9i%+ _! mass4 ,all organiz$ sub/ances are por\s 9 a high degree1 t is _! volume consi/s p>tly ( mat]ial p>ticles & p>tly ( int]/itial spaces1 :i* spaces are ei!r absolutely void & empty1 or fill$ by "s sub/ance ( a diff]5t species f ! body 9 "q4 7,l>dn]'s ,sci5tific ,lectures4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,lecture #a47 ,! mat]ial body be+ por\s1 !re is room = ! mat]ial _s to exi/ 9 close connexion ) its compon5t p>ts1 & ?is too )\t infr++ ^u ! imp5etrability ( sub/ances4 ,if ! mat]ial _s be z small z ,bi%op ,butl] intimates1 x w n occupy mu* room 9 ! body4 ,_m millions ( millions ( su* spirits1 if n l>g] 9 bulk ?an ! elem5t>y p>ticles ( bodies1 c\ld occupy mu* less room t a cubic in* ( space4 ,we h n[ exam9$ all ( ,mr4 ,tayld]'s argum5ts 7if1 inde$1 !y may be call$ argum5ts7 :i* h be5 adduc$ 9 support ( 8 fir/ proposition1 :i* x w be recollect$1 0 /at$ 9 ^! words--,! philosophy ( ! ,mormons is ,,irrational8 or1 9 o!r words1 x is irrational to believe 9 ! mat]iality ( all sub/ance4 ,h[ f> he has support$ ?is proposition our read]s c judge = !mselves4 ,he has n br\ght =? ! lea/ %ad[ ( evid5ce to prove t su* a ?+ z an immat]ial sub/ance exi/s4 ,he has1 inde$1 argu$1 t su* a ?+ z m9d or _s has a real exi/5ce--t x ?9ks1 & feels1 & is consci\s4 ,9 all ^! ?+s he agrees ) u1 )\t ! lea/ v>iation4 ,he argues t ! sub/ance call$ m9d1 possesses _m diff]5t & sup]ior qualities to all o!r sub/ance2 8 views 9 ?is respect d n diff] 9 ! lea/ f ours4 ,he has cle>ly exhibit$ ! absurdities ( ,prie/ly1 ,d>w91 & v>i\s o!r writ]s1 :o h made m9d ! result ( ! motions ( ! bra9 or ( its organization4 ,we agree ) him mo/ p]fectly 9 ! rejection ( su* absurdities1 b 9 no place has he br\ght =w>d argum5t1 reason1 or evid5ce to prove t ! sub/ance call$ m9d possesses no prop]ties 9 common ) o!r sub/ances2 !re=e he has utt]ly fail$ 9 e/abli%+ 8 proposition4 ,z no immat]iali/ c1 f exp]im5t1 reason1 or any o!r process :atsoev]1 glean ! lea/ %ad[ ( evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! immat]iality ( any sub/ance1 !re=e we %all n[ on our "p %[-- ,i4--,,t ,,immat]ialism ,,is ,,irrational1 ,,oppos$ ,,to ,,true ,,philosophy4 ,,ii4--,,t ,,an ,,immat]ial ,,sub/ance ,,_c ,,exi/4 ,i4--,immat]ialism is absurd1 & oppos$ to true ,philosophy4 #a4 ,! immat]iali/ assumes t ,god consi/s ( an immat]ial sub/ance1 indivisible 9 its nature1 ^: c5tre is ev]y:]e & circumf]5ce n[h]e4 ,! indivisibility ( a sub/ance implies imp5etrability2 t is1 two sub/ances _c exi/ 9 ! same space at ! same "t2 h5ce1 if an indivisible sub/ance exi/ ev]y:]e1 z x _c be p5etrat$1 x w absolutely exclude ! exi/5ce ( all o!r sub/ances4 ,su* a sub/ance w\ld be a b\ndless1 inf9ite solid1 )\t pores1 incapable ( cond5sation1 or expansion1 or motion1 = !re w\ld be no empty space left to move to4 ,obs]vation tea*es u t ?is is n ! case2 !re=e an inf9itely ext5d$1 indivisible1 immat]ial sub/ance is absurd 9 ! highe/ degree1 & oppos$ to all true philosophy4 #b4 ,! immat]iali/ tea*es t ! godhead consi/s ( ?ree p]sons ( "o sub/ance1 & t ea* ( ^! p]sons c be ev]y:]e pres5t4 ,n[ 9 ord] to be ev]y:]e pres5t1 ea* ( ^! p]sons mu/ be inf9itely ext5d$1 or else ea* mu/ be susceptible ( occupy+ two or m places at ! same "t4 ,if a sub/ance be inf9itely ext5d$ x ceases to be a p]son2 = to all p]sons !re are limits ( ext5sion call$ figure2 b t :i* is n limit$ c h no figure1 & !re=e _c be a p]son4 ,!re=e1 x is absolutely necess>y t a p]son %\ld be includ$ 9 a f9ite ext5t4 ,n[ t :i* is limit$ )9 "o f9ite ext5t1 _c be includ$ )9 "s o!r ext5t at ! same "t2 !re=e x is utt]ly impossible = a p]son to be 9 two or m places at ! same "t1 h5ce immat]ialism is totally absurd & unphilosophical4 #c4 ,! immat]iali/ tea*es t ! sub/ance ( ! ,deity is n only omnipres5t & indivisible1 b t all o!r sub/ances are conta9$ 9 8 sub/ance & p]=m all _! motions 9 x )\t any mutual action or resi/ance4 ,! pr(\nd & illu/ri\s ,newton1 9 ! ,s*olium at ! end ( ! ,pr9cipia1 has fall5 into ?is error2 he says1 ,god is "o & ! same ,god always & ev]y:]e4 ,he is omnipres5t1 n by means ( 8 virtue alone1 b also by 8 sub/ance1 = virtue _c subsi/ )\t sub/ance4 ,9 him all ?+s are conta9$1 & move1 b )\t mutual passions ,god is n act$ ^u by motions ( ! bodies2 & !y suff] no resi/ance f ! omnipres5ce ( ,god4 ,"h we h an omnipres5t sub/ance1 :i* is said by immat]iali/s to be s compact z to be indivisible1 ) worlds mov+ 9 x )\t suff]+ any resi/ance3 ?is is ! climax ( absurdity4 ,all masses ( sub/ance ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 are susceptible ( division1 yet ev5 9 ^!1 bodies _c move )\t be+ resi/$2 h[ mu* m impossible x w\ld be = worlds to exi/ & move 9 an indivisible sub/ance )\t resi/ance1 yet ?is is ! absurdity ( ! immat]ial hypo!sis4 ,!re is no?+ too ridicul\s or too unphilosophical to be incorporat$ 9 an immat]ial sub/ance :5 its exi/5ce has be5 once assum$4 ,! reflect+ m9d turns away f su* fool]ies ) ! utmo/ disgu/1 & feels to pity ^? m5 :o h degrad$ ! great & all-wise ,creator & ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se by apply+ to him su* impossible1 unhe>d (1 & contradictory qualities4 ,! hea!n1 9 _! wilde/ imag9ations nev] fanci$ up a god t c\ld beg9 to comp>e ) ! absurd qualities ascrib$ to ! immat]iali/s' god4 ,,ii4--,,an ,,immat]ial ,,sub/ance ,,_c ,,exi/4 #a4 ,we %all fir/ endeav\r to %[ :at is absolutely ess5tial to ! exi/5ce ( all sub/ance4 ,x w be g5]ally admitt$ t space is ess5tial to exi/5ce4 ,space1 be+ b\ndless1 all sub/ances mu/ exi/ 9 space4 ,space is n ! prop]ty ( sub/ance1 b ! place ( its exi/5ce4 ,inf9ite space has no qualities or prop]ties ( any description except+ divisibility4 ,"s em95t philosoph]s h suppos$ ext5sion to be a prop]ty ( space1 b su* a supposition is absurd4 ,ext5sion is space itself1 & n a prop]ty ( space4 ,z well might we say t azote is a prop]ty ( nitrog51 :]eas !y are only two diff]5t names giv5 to ! same sub/ance1 z to say t ext5sion is a prop]ty ( space4 ,inf9ite space is divisible1 b o!rwise x _c possibly be describ$1 = x has no o!r prop]ties or qualities by :i* to describe x4 ,x has no b\nd>ies--no figure--no o!r conceivable prop]ties ( any description4 ,x has a v>iety ( names su* z space1 ext5sion1 volume1 magnitude1 di/ance1 c41 all ( :i* are synonym\s t]ms4 #b4 ,duration is also ess5tial to ! exi/5ce ( sub/ance4 ,!re c be no su* ?+ z exi/5ce )\t duration4 ,duration1 l inf9ite space1 is divisible1 b o!rwise x has no prop]ties or qualities ( any description4 ,l space we c call x by diff]5t names1 z duration1 "t1 p]iod1 c2 b to give x any o!r k9d ( description w\ld be absolutely impossible4 ,inf9ite space c only be di/+ui%$ f duration by c]ta9 imag9>y qualities1 :i* c be assign$ to f9ite portions ( x1 b :i* _c be assign$ to duration4 ,we c conceive ( cubical1 prismatical & sph]ical portions ( space1 b we _c conceive ( portions ( duration "u any k9d ( %ape4 ,bo? space & duration are entirely p[]less1 be+ immovable1 yet bo? are susceptible ( division to inf9ity4 ,to assi/ u 9 our future rem>ks we %all give ! foll[+ def9itions3-- ,def9ition #a4--,,space is magnitude1 susceptible ( division4 ,def9ition #b4--;,a ,,po9t is ! negative ( space1 or ! z]o at :i* a magnitude beg9s or t]m9ates2 x is n susceptible ( division4 ,def9ition #c4--;,,duration is n magnitude1 b "t susceptible ( division4 ,def9ition #d4--;,,an ,,in/ant is ! negative ( duration1 or ! z]o at :i* duration beg9s or t]m9ates2 x is n susceptible ( division4 ,def9ition #e4--,,matt] is some?+ t occupies space betwe5 any two in/ants1 & is susceptible ( division & ( be+ remov$ f "o portion ( space to ano!r4 ,def9ition #f4--,,no?+ is ! negative ( space1 ( duration1 & ( matt]2 x is ! z]o ( all exi/5ce4 #c4 ,mod]n immat]iali/s freely admit1 z we h already %[n1 t a disembodi$ _s is ,,n[h]e4 ,we mu/ no long] all[ ourselves to imag9e1 says ! immat]iali/1 t x is or c be1 9 any place4 7,taylor's ,physical ,!ory ( ano!r ,life4 ,*apt] ,,ii47 ,b t :i* does n occupy any place or space1 has no magnitude1 & is n susceptible ( division2 !re=e x mu/ be an unext5d$ po9t or no?+--7see def9itions #b & #f17 ! negative ( bo? space & matt]1 t is1 ! negative ( all exi/5ce4 ,immat]iality is a repres5tative ( no?+3 immat]ial sub/ance is only ano!r "n = no sub/ance2 !re=e su* a sub/ance does n1 & _c exi/4 #d4 ,hav+ %[n t an immat]ial sub/ance c h no exi/5ce1 because x has no relation to space1 we %all next %[ t x c h no exi/5ce1 because x has no relation to duration4 ,isaac ,taylor says1 t :i* is :olly ab/ract$ f matt]1 & 9 speak+ ( :i* we d5y t x has any prop]ty 9 common !re)1 c 9 itself be subject$ to none ( its ,,conditions4 ,"o ( ! conditions absolutely ess5tial to ! exi/5ce ( matt] is duration or "t4 7,see def9ition #e47 ,t :i* is n subject$ to ! condition ( duration1 mu/ be subject$ to ! condition ( an in/ant1 :i* is ! negative ( duration2 b no?+ is also ! negative ( duration & ( sub/ance2 7see def9ition #d & #f27 !re=e t :i* has no duration is no?+1 & _c be a sub/ance2 h5ce an immat]ial sub/ance _c exi/4 ,!re are _m tru?s :i* may be call$ ,,fir/ ,,tru?s1 or self-evid5t tru?s1 :i* _c be demon/rat$1 because !re are no tru?s ( a simpl] nature t c be adduc$ to e/abli% !m4 ,su* tru?s are ! f\ndation ( all reason+4 ,!y mu/ be admitt$ )\t demon/ration1 because !y are self-evid5t4 ,t space & duration are ess5tial conditions to ! exi/5ce ( all sub/ance1 may be d5om9at$ a self-evid5t tru?2 if s1 x is useless to und]take to prove x4 ,& 9 ?is case1 ! =ego+ ne$ n be consid]$ z a demon/ration1 b m]ely diff]5t =ms ( expression repres5t+ ! same self-evid5t tru?4 ,,immat]iali/s ,,are ,,a!i/s4 ,!re are two classes ( ,a!i/s 9 ! _w4 ,"o class d5ies ! exi/5ce ( ,god 9 ! mo/ positive language3 ! o!r d5ies 8 exi/5ce 9 duration or space4 ,"o says1 ,!re is no ,god2 ! o!r says1 ,god is n "h or !re1 any m ?an he exi/s n[ & !n4 7,isaac ,taylor's ,physical ,!ory ( ,ano!r ,life ,*ap4 ,,ii47 ,! infidel says1 ,god does n exi/ any:]e4 ,! ,immat]iali/ says1 ,he exi/s ,n[h]e4 7,good's ,book ( ,nature47 ,! infidel says1 ,!re is no su* sub/ance z ,god4 ,! ,immat]iali/ says1 ,!re is su* a sub/ance z ,god1 b x is )\t ,p>ts4 7,fir/ ( ! ,?irty ,n9e ,articles2 also ,i ,art4 ,me?odi/ ,discipl9e47 ,! ,a!i/ says1 ,!re is no su* sub/ance z ,_s4 ,! ,immat]iali/ says1 ,a ,_s1 ?\gh he lives & acts1 occupies no room1 & fills no space1 9 ! same way & aft] ! same mann] z matt]1 n ev5 s mu* z does ! m9ute/ gra9 ( s&4 7,rev4 ,david ,james on ! ,tr9ity1 9 ,unit>ianism ,confut$4 ,lec4 ,,vii41 page #chb47 ,! ,a!i/ does n seek to hide 8 infidelity3 b ! ,immat]iali/1 ^: decl>$ belief am\nts to ! same ?+ z ! ,a!i/'s endeav\rs to hide 8 infidelity "u ! %all[ cov]+ ( a few words4 ,! ?9k+ pr9ciple1 says ,dr4 ,?omas ,br[n1 is ess5tially "o1 n ext5d$ & divisible1 b incapable by its v nature1 ( any subdivision into integral p>ts4 7,br[n's ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,m9d4 ,lec4 ,,xcvii47 ,:at is ?is b ! ranke/ k9d ( infidelity c\*$ 9 a bl9d1 plausible =m4 ,t :i* is n ext5d$ & n divisible & )\t p>ts1 _c be any?+ else ?an no?+4 ,take away ^! qualities & conditions1 & no p[] ( language c give u ! lea/ idea ( exi/5ce4 ,! v idea convey$ by ! t]m exi/5ce is some?+ ext5d$1 divisible1 & ) p>ts4 ,take ^! away1 & y take away exi/5ce itself4 ,x _c be s mu* z ! negative ( space1 or1 :at is g5]ally call$1 an indivisible po9t1 = t has a relation to ! surr\nd+ spaces4 ,x _c be s mu* z ! negative ( duration1 or1 :at is g5]ally call$1 an indivisible in/ant1 = t has a relation to ! pa/ & future4 ,!re=e1 x mu/ be ! negative ( all exi/5ce1 or :at is call$ absolutely ,,no?+4 ,no?+1 & no?+ only1 is a repres5tative ( t :i* has no relation to space or "t--t is1 unext5d$1 indivisible1 & )\t p>ts4 ,!re=e1 ! immat]iali/ is a religi\s ,a!i/2 he only diff]s f ! o!r classes ( ,a!i/s1 by clo?+ an indivisible unext5d$ ,,no?+ ) ! p[]s ( a god4 ,"o class believes 9 no ,god2 ! o!r class believes t ,,no?+ is god1 & wor%ips x z su*4 ,!re is no twi/+ away f ?is4 ,! mo/ pr(\nd philosoph] 9 all ! ranks ( mod]n ,*ri/ianity1 _c extricate ! ,immat]iali/s f a!ism4 ,he _c %[ ! lea/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! idea repres5t$ by ! ^w no?+1 & ! idea repres5t$ by t :i* is unext5d$1 indivisible1 & )\t p>ts1 hav+ no relation to space or "t4 ,all ! philosoph]s ( ! univ]se c\ld n give a bett] or m correct def9ition ( ,no?+4 ,& yet ?is is ! god wor%ipp$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&--! ,me?odi/s--& millions ( o!r a!i/ical idolat]s1 accord+ to _! own def9itions1 z record$ 9 _! respective articles ( fai?4 ,an op5 ,a!i/ is n s dang]\s z ! ,a!i/ :o c\*es 8 a!i/ical doctr9es "u ! head ( ,,articles ,,( ,,religion4 ,! fir/ /&s out ) op5 col\rs & boldly av[s 8 infidelity2 ! latt]1 "u ! sacr$ g>b ( religion1 draws into 8 yawn+ vortex1 ! unhappy millions :o are p]suad$ to believe 91 & wor%ip an unext5d$ indivisible no?+ )\t p>ts1 deifi$ into a god4 ,a pi\s ,a!i/ is mu* m s]viceable 9 build+ up ! k+dom ( d>kness ?an "o :o op5ly1 & )\t any deception1 av[s 8 infidelity4 ,no wond] t ?is mod]n god has wr\ght no miracles & giv5 no revelations s9ce 8 foll[]s inv5t$ _! ,articles ( ,religion4 ,a be+ )\t p>ts mu/ be entirely p[]less1 & c p]=m no miracles4 ,no?+ c be communicat$ f su* a be+2 =1 if no?+ give no?+1 no?+ w be receiv$4 ,if1 at dea?1 8 foll[]s are to be made l him1 !y w enjoy1 ) "s ( ! mod]n ,pagans1 all ! beauties ( annihilation4 ,to be made l him6 ,admirable ?\ght6 ,h[ transc5d5tly sublime to behold an innum]able multitude ( unext5d$ no?+s1 ca/+ _! cr[ns at ! feet ( ! great1 unext5d$1 inf9ite ,no?+1 fill+ all space1 & yet )\t p>ts6 ,!re w be no dang] ( qu>rell+ = want ( room2 = ! ,rev4 ,david ,james says1 ,t5 ?\s& spirits might be br\ght toge!r into ! smalle/ compass imag9able1 & !re exi/ )\t any inconv5i5ce = want ( room4 ,z mat]iality1 cont9ues he1 =ms no prop]ty ( a _s1 ! space :i* is suffici5t = "o1 mu/ be amply suffici5t = myriads1 yea1 = all t exi/4 7,rev4 ,david ,james on ! ,tr9ity1 9 ,unit>ianism ,confut$4 ,lec4 ,,vii41 page #chb47 ,accord+ to ?is1 all ! spirits t exi/1 c\ld be br\ght toge!r into ! smalle/ compass imag9able1 or1 9 o!r words into no compass at all2 =1 he says1 a _s occupies no room1 & fills no space4 ,:at an admirable description ( ,no?+6 ,no?+ occupies no room1 & fills no space6 ,if myriads ( ,no?+s 7 br\ght toge!r into ! smalle/ compass imag9able1 !y w\ld !re exi/ )\t any inconv5i5ce = want ( room4 ,ev]y?+ :i* ! ,immat]iali/ says1 ( ! exi/5ce ( ,_s1 w apply )\t any v>iation1 to ! exi/5ce ( ,no?+4 ,if he says t 8 god _c exi/ ,"h or ,!re1 ! same is true ( ,no?+4 ,if he affirms t he _c exi/ ,n[ & ,!n1 ! same c1 9 all tru?1 be affirm$ ( ,no?+4 ,if he decl>es1 t he is unext5d$1 s is ,no?+4 ,if he ass]ts t he is indivisible & )\t p>ts1 s is ,no?+4 ,if he decl>es t a _s occupies no room & fills no space1 nei!r does ,no?+4 ,if he says a _s is ,n[h]e1 s is ,no?+4 ,all t he affirms ( ! "o1 c1 9 l mann]1 &1 ) equal tru?1 be affirm$ ( ! o!r4 ,inde$1 !y are only two words1 ea* ( :i* express precisely ! same idea4 ,!re is no m absurdity 9 call+ ,no?+ a sub/ance1 & clo?+ x ) ,almighty p[]s1 ?an !re is 9 mak+ a sub/ance out ( t :i* is precisely l no?+1 & imag9+ x to h ,almighty p[]s4 ,!re=e1 an immat]ial god is a deifi$ ,no?+1 & all 8 wor%ipp]s are a!i/ical idolators4 ,a ,,spiritual ,,sub/ance ,,is ,,mat]ial4 ,t _s or m9d has a relation to space1 is evid5t f ! fact ( its location 9 ! body4 ,! body itself exi/s 9 space1 !re=e e p>ticle ( sub/ance :i* x conta9s mu/ exi/ 9 space4 ,no po9t c be assum$ 9 ! body b :at has a relation to ! surr\nd+ space or ext5sion4 ,!re=e _s mu/ h a relation to ext5sion or x _c exi/ 9 ! body4 ,all unext5d$ po9ts h a relation to space1 ?\gh !y are no "p ( space1 & d n occupy space2 b an unext5d$ sub/ance to h no relation to space _c be z mu* z a po9t4 ,a po9t is a locat$ no?+1 b an unext5d$ sub/ance is no?+1 hav+ no location4 ,:at c be m unphilosophical1 contradictory1 & absurd1 ?an to assume t some?+ c exi/ t is unext5d$1--t occupies no room1 fills no space1--has no p>ts8 ,we ask our read]s to pause = a mom5t1 & endeav\r to conceive ( a sub/ance t has no p>ts4 ,grasp x if y c 9 y\r imag9ations4 ,?9k ( its exi/+ :]e !re is no space4 ,conceive1 if y c 9 y\r imag9ations4 ,?9k ( its exi/+ :]e !re is no space4 ,conceive1 if y c1 ( a locality outside ( ! b\nds ( a b\ndless space4 ,d n y\r judgm5ts1 & e p[] ( y\r m9ds revolt at ! absolute absurdities & palpable contradictions8 ,by ?is "t1 p]haps1 y are ready to inquire1 c x be possible t any man 9 all ! _w c\ld believe 9 su* impossibilities8 ,yes1 x is possible4 ,^! v absurdities n[ /& 9 bold relief1 n only 9 ! mo/ approv$ philosophical works ( mod]n times1 b incorporat$ 9 ! v ,articles ( ,religion :i* millions h receiv$ z _! rule ( fai?4 ,t _s or m9d has a relation to duration is manife/ 9 ! act ( rememb]+4 ,?r\gh ! memory ! m9d p]ceives itself to be ! same consci\s be+ n[1 t x 01 an h\r1 a day1 a ye> ago2 x p]ceives t itself has exi/$ ?r\gh a c]ta9 p]iod ( duration4 ,!re is z mu* c]ta9ty ( its own relations to duration z !re is ( any su* relation 9 any o!r sub/ance :atev]4 ,if !re is no c]ta9ty t m9d has a relation to duration1 !re is no c]ta9ty t any o!r sub/ance has su* a relation2 h5ce all w\ld be unc]ta9ty1 ev5 our own exi/5ce4 ,bi%op ,b]keley d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ! mat]ial _w1 & ! fir/ ,article ( 8 religion swept away ! immat]ial _w f space2 & ! mod]n immat]iali/ sweeps x away f all relation to "t4 ,s betwe5 !m all1 space & "t are pretty well clean$ out2 n s mu* z a ne/ egg left to repl5i% ! great inf9ite void4 ,m9d1 l all o!r matt]1 is susceptible ( be+ mov$ f place to place4 ,we see ?is exemplifi$ 9 ! movem5ts ( ! m9d ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! body :i* conveys x f place to place on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,b ?\gh man 0 /ation>y ^u ! e>?'s surface1 ! e>? itself ) all its inhabitants1 is mov+ ) ! rapid velocity ( n9ete5 miles e second1 :i* proves to a demon/ration t m9d is capable ( be+ mov$ f place to place ) a velocity f> exce$+ t ( a cannon ball4 ,b motion involves ! ideas ( bo? space & "t4 ,m9d _c be mov$ )\t be+ mov$ 9 space2 x _c pass f po9t to po9t in/antane\sly4 ,h[ev] rapid ! velocity1 "t is an ess5tial +r$i5t to all motion4 ,t em95t & pr(\nd philosoph]1 ! late ,pr(essor ,robison ( ,ed9burgh1 says1 ,9 motion we obs]ve ! successive appe>ance ( ! ?+ mov$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( space4 ,!re=e1 9 our idea ( motion are involv$ ! ideas or conceptions ( space & "t4 ,all ?+s are plac$ 9 space1 9 ! ord] ( situation4 ,all ev5ts happ5 9 "t1 9 ! ord] ( succession4 ,no motion c be conceiv$ z in/antane\s4 ,=1 s9ce a moveable1 9 pass+ f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( its pa?1 passes ?r\gh ! int]m$iate po9ts2 to suppose ! motion along ! mo/ m9ute portion ( ! pa? in/antane\s1 is to suppose ! moveable 9 e int]v5+ po9t at ! same in/ant4 ,?is is inconceivable & absurd4 7,robison's ,me*anical ,philosophy4 ,vol ,i4 ,introduction47 ,! motion ( m9d1 !re=e is ano!r positive pro( t x has a relation to bo? space & duration4 ,ext5sion & resi/ance1 says ,dr4 ,?omas ,br[n1 are ! complex elem5ts ( :at we t]m matt]2 & no?+ is matt] to our conception1 or a body1 to use ! simpl] synonym\s t]m :i* does n involve ^! elem5ts4 ,figure1 magnitude1 divisibility1 are only diff]5t modifications ( ext5sion4 ,solidity1 liquidity1 viscidity1 h>dness1 s(tness1 r\ghness1 smoo?ness1 are diff]5t modifications ( resi/ance4 ,all ^! t]ms are only ext5sion & resi/ance1 modifi$ 9 a c]ta9 degree1 & "u o!r names4 ,our notion ( ext5sion is suppos$ by ,dr4 ,br[n to be acquir$ f our notion ( "t z successive1 involv+ l5g? & divisibility4 ,our notion ( resi/ance he supposes to be obta9$ ?r\gh our muscul> organs4 ,^! organs are fir/ ex]t$1 & !n excit$ by some?+ )\t1 & 9 _! turn excite ! m9d ) a feel+ ( resi/ance4 ,! feel+ ( resi/ance comb9$ ) ! feel+ ( ext5sion gives u ! notion ( matt]4 ,if ,dr4 ,br[n's views be correct1 no "o c acquire a notion ( matt]1 by see+1 he>+1 ta/+1 smell+1 or simple t\*4 ,ei!r or all ( ^! w only produce c]ta9 feel+s 9 ! m9d )\t giv+ u any notion ( an ext]nal ext5d$ resi/ance4 ,a muscul> ef=t oppos$ by "s sub/ance or =eign body is ! only possible way1 accord+ to 8 !ory1 = ! infant m9d to obta9 a notion ( ext5d$ solidity or resi/ance4 7,br[n's ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,m9d4 ,f ! ,,xx to ! ,,xxix ,lecture inclusive47 ,if solidity & ext5sion !n are ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( matt]2 & if ! resi/ance ( a muscul> ef=t be ! only possible way ( le>n+ ^! *>act]i/ics2 x may be ask$1 h[ did ,dr4 ,br[n le>n t ! rays ( light are mat]ial8 ,he has frequ5tly 9 8 philosophy call$ light mat]ial4 ,has light 9 any way resi/$ 8 muscul> ef=ts8 ,h ! muscul> organs ev] be5 able to grasp a ray ( light8 ,h ! p>ticles ( light ei!r s+ly or collectively ev] act$ ^u our muscul> organs 9 su* mann] z to give u a notion ( ext5sion & resi/ance8 ,h !y ev] affect$ ! m9d 9 any way only to imp>t to x ! feel+ ( color8 ,does n ,dr4 ,br[n himself repeat$ly affirm1 t light c only imp>t ! s5sation ( color2 & t ext5sion1 magnitude1 figure1 solidity1 c nev] be kn[n by ! s5se ( see+8 ,does he n ass]t1 t no?+ is matt] to our conception :i* does n involve ^! elem5ts8 ,:y !n does he assume light to be mat]ial8 ,if1 !n1 light c be rank$ z a mat]ial sub/ance )\t exhibit+ ! lea/ resi/ance to ! muscul> organs1 :y n m9d or _s be consid]$ mat]ial also8 ,:y believe t light consi/s ( inconceivably small vibratory or emanat+ p>ticles ( matt] f ! m]e affection ( m9d call$ color1 & yet be unwill+ to believe t ! m9d affect$ is mat]ial8 ,if t :i* produces a s5sation or feel+ be reg>d$ a solid ext5d$ sub/ance1 indep5d5tly ( muscul> resi/ance1 :]e is ! impropriety1 9 reg>d+ t :i* receives ! s5sation or feel+1 z a solid ext5d$ sub/ance also8 ,dr4 ,br[n1 & all o!r immat]iali/s1 univ]sally believe t ! s5sation ( smell is produc$ by small mat]ial p>ticles1 act+ ^u our olfactory n]ves4 ,b we ask1 h[ is ,dr4 ,br[n or any o!r p]son to det]m9e ^? odor\s p>ticles to be mat]ial8 ,x may be said1 t we det]m9e !m to be solid & ext5d$ by trac+ !m to ! sub/ances f :i* !y emanate4 ,b c x be prov$ t !y con/itute any "p ( ! solid ext5d$ sub/ance f :i* !y emanate1 any m ?an light is a "p ( ! sub/ance f :i* x emanates8 ,we "k a rose to be solid & ext5d$1 n f ! s5sation ( vision or smell1 b f ! s5sation ( resi/ance :i* x (f]s to our muscul> organs :5 we attempt to grasp x4 ,b because a rose is solid & ext5d$1 t does n prove t light & fragrance1 by :i* we disc]n its color & smell1 are any "p ( ! rose4 ,if ,dr4 ,br[n's !ory be true1 x is absolutely impossible to prove t ! odorif]\s p>ticles :i* affect u ) ! s5sation ( fragrance1 are a solid ext5d$ sub/ance4 ,^! p>ticles ( od\r appe>1 inde$1 to h be5 connect$ 9 "s way ) bodies f :i* !y emanate2 b !re is no possible means = ! muscul> p[]s to det]m9e !m to be p>ts ( ^? bodies1 any m ?an ! color$ light or ! heat :i* are also transmitt$ f !m4 ,no "o 9 speak+ ( a rose w\ld ?9k ( classify+ heat & light z a portion ( its solid sub/ance2 yet bo? heat & light1 l ! p>ticles ( od\r1 are intimately connect$ ) x1 & are con/antly be+ ?r[n (f f x4 ,:at is !re1 inquires ,dr4 ,br[n1 :i* we c discov] 9 ! m]e s5sation ( fragrance1 t is itself significant ( solidity1 ext5sion1 or :atev] we may reg>d z ess5tial to ! exi/5ce ( ?+s )\t8 ,z a m]e *ange 9 ! =m ( our be+1 x may sugge/ to u ! necessity ( "s cause or antec$5t ( ! *ange4 ,b x is f> f imply+ ! necessity ( a corporeal cause2--any m ?an su* a direct corporeal cause is impli$ 9 any o!r modification ( our be+1 intellectual or moral--9 our belief1 = example1 ( ! mo/ ab/ract tru?1 at :i* we may h arriv$ by a sl[ developm5t ( proposition aft] proposition 9 a process ( int]nal reflective analysis1 or 9 ! mo/ ref9$ & sublime ( our emotions1 :51 )\t ?9k+ ( any "o ( ! objects ar\nd1 we h be5 m$itat+ on ! div9ity :o =m$ !m--himself ! pure/ ( spiritual exi/5ces4 ,our belief ( a sy/em ( ext]nal ?+s1 !n1 does n1 z f> z we c judge f ! nature ( ! feel+s1 arise f our s5sations ( smell1 m ?an f any ( our int]nal pleasures or pa9s4 7,br[n's ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,m9d4 ,lecture ,,xx47 ,odor\s p>ticles1 !n1 h nev] be5 submitt$ to ,dr4 ,br[n's only te/ ( mat]iality1 & yet he1 & all o!r immat]iali/s1 )\t any hesitation1 pron\nce !m to be matt]4 ,! _s1 l ^! p>ticles ( od\r1 c exi/ 9 connexion ) ! body or sep>ate f x2 & yet x =ms no "p ( ! fle%y tab]nacle4 ,if l ! p>ticles ( od\r1 x really eludes ! grasp ( ! muscul> organs1 & if nei!r ^! odorif]\s p>ticles1 nor ! _s1 c be prov$ by any muscul> ef=t to h solidity & ext5sion2 :y1 !n1 %\ld "o be call$ mat]ial1 & ! o!r immat]ial8 ,if ! m9d be unext5d$1 h[ c x receive any s5sations f ?+s )\t8 ,x c\ld n act ^u bodily organs1 = !y are ext5d$4 ,nei!r c\ld bodily organs act ^u x4 ,philosoph]s h endeav\r$ to inv5t numb]less hypo!sis to acc\nt = ! action ( matt] on ! m9d1 :i* !y h assum$ to be immat]ial4 ,! old ,p]ipatetic doctr9e ( p]ception1 by species or phantasms1 :i* = s _m c5turies held s unlimit$ a sway 9 ! philosophic _w1 0 probably orig9at$ to connect mat]ial ) immat]ial sub/ances4 ,:5 ?is absurdity sl[ly di$ away1 o!r hypo!sis1 no less errone\s1 imm$iately suppli$ its place4 ,des ,c>tes1 see+ no possibility ( any reciprocal action betwe5 matt] & some?+ t 0 inext5d$1 inv5t$ 8 sy/em ( occasional causes1 & repres5t$ ! ext]nal _w entirely incapable ( affect+ ! m9d 9 any way :atev]4 ,he ascrib$ all ! s5sations & affections ( ! m9d to ! imm$iate ag5cy ( ! ,deity1 virtually r5d]+ ext]nal objects entirely useless to ! m9d4 ,?is conjecture has be5 modifi$ by succe$+ philosoph]s )\t1 h[ev]1 remov+ its absurdities4 ,x is useless to rev]t to all ! absurd !ories :i* h f "t to "t di/ract$ ! metaphysical _w1 & :i* h be5 orig9at$ = no o!r purpose ?an to uphold ! /ill great] absurdity ( immat]ialism4 ,philosoph]s ( anci5t times imag9$ ! exi/5ce ( an immat]ial sub/ance1 unext5d$ 9 its nature1 l no?+4 ,to support ?is wild & vague imag9ation1 le>n$ metaphysicians h giv5 bir? to innum]able conjectures1 9 ord] to connect ?is imag9>y sub/ance ) ! mat]ial _w4 ,dr4 ,br[n1 h[ev]1 be+ a little m wise ?an ! immat]iali/s :o prec$$ him1 does n attempt to connect ! mutual affections1 exi/+ betwe5 matt] & m9d1 by sub/itut+ "s conjectural int]v5+ causes4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 he advocates ! direct affection ( ! m9d by ! pres5ce ( mat]ial objects--t ! *ange ( /ate 9 ! "o is produc$ by ! *ange ( /ate 9 ! o!r1 indep5d5tly ( int]v5+ causes4 ,n[ ?is1 9 our view1 is really :at happ5s4 ,we believe t matt] c only act ^u m9d because m9d is an ext5d$ mat]ial sub/ance4 ,b ,dr4 ,br[n supposes !re is no absurdity 9 matt] act+ ^u t :i* is unext5d$4 ,he endeav\rs to sub/antiate ! possibility ( ! direct mutual affections ( m9d & matt]1 by ref]r+ to "s examples ( matt] act+ ^u matt] z 9 gravitation4 7,br[n's ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,m9d4 ,lecture ,,xxx47 ,b we d n conceive ^! cases to be 9 ! lea/ analog\s2 = !re is no absurdity 9 suppos+ "o ext5d$ sub/ance to act ^u ano!r :i* is also ext5d$4 ,b = ext5d$ sub/ances ) p>ts to act ^u unext5d$ sub/ances is )\t a p>allel1 & inconceivably absurd4 ,inde$ !re c\ld be no action at all2 an immat]ial m9d c\ld n act ^u an immat]ial m9d any m ?an no?+ c\ld act ^u no?+4 ,to talk ab\t matt] affect+ t :i* is inext5d$ & )\t p>ts1 is to talk ab\t matt] affect+ no?+4 ,! v fact ( ! ext]nal organs affect+ ! m9d )\t any int]v5+ cause1 ! same z o!r matt] affects o!r matt]1 is an argum5t ( ! /ronge/ k9d 9 fav\r ( ! mat]iality ( m9d4 ,a piece ( iron is affect$ 9 a c]ta9 mann] by introduc+ into its pres5ce a load/one1 s ! m9d is affect$ 9 a c]ta9 mann] by ! pres5ce ( light ^u ! ret9a1 or by ! pres5ce or od\r ^u ! olfactory n]ve4 ,if1 !n1 m9d c be directly affect$ by o!r sub/ances1 ! same z matt] directly affects matt]1 :y %\ld x be call$ an immat]ial sub/ance8 ,if resi/ance to our muscul> ef=ts1 z ,dr4 ,br[n supposes1 be our only te/ ( solidity & ext5sion1 & consequ5tly ( matt]1 !n m9d itself has ! greate/ claims to mat]iality4 ,a muscul> ef=t is no?+ m ?an an ef=t ( ! m9d4 ,)\t ! m9d ! muscles are incapable ( any ef=t :atsoev]4 ,two m5 /ret* out _! arms1 press _! h&s toge!r1 & resi/ ea* o!r ) great =ce4 ,9 ?is example z x is commonly said1 ! muscul> ef=ts ( ! "o are resi/$ by ! muscul> ef=ts ( ! o!r2 b z ! muscles h no p[] ( !mselves1 ! facts ( ! case are1 t ! m9d ( ! "o truly resi/s ! m9d ( ! o!r ?r\gh ! m$ium ( _! respective muscles4 ,if t :i* causes resi/ance !n be mat]ial1 m9d mu/ be mat]ial4 ,if two bodies ( iron ( equal size 7 mov+ ) equal velocities t[>ds ea* o!r1 ^u meet+ !y w\ld de/roy ea* o!rs motion1 & ! next mom5t1 ?\gh 9 contact1 !re w\ld be no signs ( resi/ance2 n s ) ! resi/ance :i* m9d (f]s to m9d ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! muscul> organs2 ! resi/ance c be cont9u$ at ! option ( ! two resi/+ m9ds2 h5ce m9d exhibits resi/ance 9 a great] degree ?an o!r sub/ances1 & %\ld1 !re=e1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,br[n's te/1 be consid]$ mat]ial 9 pref]5ce to all o!r sub/ances4 ,no two atoms ( _s or any o!r matt] c occupy two or m places at ! same "t4 ,we h nev] kn[n ( a circum/ance ( ! _s ( man resid+ 9 ! body & out ( x at ! same "t4 ,no p>ticles ( light1 od\r1 heat1 electricity1 c occupy two places at once4 ,^! sub/ances c only be ext5sively diffus$ by be+ ext5sive 9 quantity4 ,! p>ticles ( light :i* ent] ! "r eye are n ! same :i* ent] ! left eye4 ,?\gh _! qualities may be exactly alike1 yet !y are sep>ate individual sub/ance1 z mu* s z if !y 7 millions ( miles asund]4 ,! same is true ( ! atoms ( _s & all o!r sub/ances4 ,,( ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,sub/ances4 ,philosoph]s ( mod]n times h ass]t$ t we "k no?+ ( ! ess5ce ( bodies4 ,x is affirm$ t all t c be kn[n ( m9d or matt]1 are m]ely its prop]ties4 ,dr4 ,ab]crombie1 says1 ,we talk1 inde$1 ab\t matt]1 & we talk ab\t m9d2 we speculate conc]n+ mat]iality & immat]iality1 until we argue ourselves into a k9d ( belief t we really und]/& some?+ ( ! subject4 ,! tru? is1 we und]/& no?+4 ,matt] & m9d are kn[n to u by c]ta9 prop]ties3 b 9 reg>d to bo? x is entirely out ( ! rea* ( our faculties to advance a s+le /ep beyond ! facts :i* are be=e u4 ,:e!r 9 _! sub/ratum or ultimate ess5ce1 !y are ! same1 or :e!r !y are diff]5t we "k n1 & nev] c "k 9 our pres5t /ate ( be+4 7,ab]crombie on ! ,intellectual ,p[]s4 ,"p ,i4 ,sec4 ,i47 ,!re are _m tru?s :i* we asc]ta9 by reflection1 indep5d5tly 9 a great measure ( our s5ses4 ,we are assur$ & "k 9 our own m9ds t duration mu/ be endless1 & t space mu/ be b\ndless1 n because we h le>n$ ^! tru?s directly ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our s5ses1 or h be5 able to demon/rate !m by any process ( reason+4 ,9 ! same way we "k conc]n+ ! ess5ce ( bodies4 ,in/ead ( be+ entirely ignorant on ! subject1 z mod]n philosoph]s ass]t1 x is directly ! opposite2 we "k ! ess5ce ( all sub/ances4 ,solidity is ! only ess5ce 9 exi/5ce4 ,al?\gh ! ultimate atoms ( matt] _c come "u ! cognizance ( our s5ses1 & we _c demon/rate _! solidity by any process ( reason+1 yet we are none ! less assur$ ( _! solidity4 ,we believe t !y are solid because x is impossible = u to believe o!rwise4 ,we are z c]ta9 t ! ultimate atoms ( all sub/ances are solid1 z we are t !y exi/4 ,:at we mean by solidity is1 t all sub/ances completely fill a c]ta9 am\nt ( space1 & t x is impossible = !m ev] to fill a great] or less am\nt ( space4 ,! am\nt ( absolute space occupi$ by any sub/ance is con/ant1 t is ! elem5t>y atoms _c be increas$ or decreas$ 9 magnitude 9 ! lea/ degree4 ,p>ticles may be divid$1 b _! respective p>ts occupy ! same am\nt ( space :5 sep>at$ z :5 unit$4 ,cond5sation or expansion is n a prop]ty ( ! ultimate atoms ( bodies1 b m]ely ! relation :i* ^! atoms su/a9 to ea* o!r4 ,:5 a collection ( atoms call$ body are =c$ into a clos] connexion ) ea* o!r1 ! body is said to be cond5s$4 ,:5 _! relative di/ances are increas$ ! body is exp&$4 ,! maximum ( d5sity excludes all pores4 ,9 su* a condition ! space is :olly occupi$--any fur!r cond5sation is absolutely impossible4 ,a b> ( iron v>ies its dim5sions ) its temp]ature1 :ile ! atoms ( :i* ! b> consi/s rema9 un*angeable 9 size4 ,! pores ( ! iron increase 9 ! same proportion z ! b> increases1 & dim9i% z ! b> dim9i%es4 ,solidity is univ]sally suppos$ to be a prop]ty ( atoms1 b ?is is an error4 ,solidity is n a prop]ty1 b only ano!r "n = ! ess5ce4 ,a prop]ty mu/ be a prop]ty ( some?+2 b solidity is n a prop]ty ( any?+--x is ! ess5ce itself--! ?+ t exi/s1 aside f all prop]ties & p[]s4 ,if we suppose solidity to be a prop]ty1 !n x is evid5t t !re mu/ be a di/9ction betwe5 atoms z possessors1 & solidity z ! ?+ or prop]ty possess$2 b we f9d x impossible to conceive ( atoms sep>ate & ap>t f solidity4 ,deprive atoms ( solidity1 & !y are depriv$ n ( a prop]ty1 b ( exi/5ce itself1 & no?+ rema9s4 ,solidity is associat$ ) exi/5ce1 & we _c conceive ( ! "o indep5d5tly ( ! o!r4 ,solidity1 !n1 is ! ess5ce to :i* all qualities belong--ta/e1 smell1 col\r1 weight1 c41 are ! affections ( solids4 ,e feel+ or ?\ght is ! feel+ or ?\ght ( solids4 ,all ! p[]s ( ! univ]se1 f ! almighty p[]s ( ,jehovah d[n to ! mo/ feeble p[]s t op]ate1 are ! p[]s ( solid atoms4 ,we c conceive ( solid atoms exi/+ )\t p[]s1 b we _c conceive ( atoms exi/+ )\t solidity2 !re=e ! v ess5ce ( all sub/ance is solidity4 ,love1 joy1 & all o!r affections are only ! diff]5t /ates ( ?is ess5ce4 ,:5 ! ess5ce or solidity ( sub/ance is consid]$ by itself1 indep5d5tly ( its p[]s1 !re _c possibly be any diff]5ce 9 atoms only 9 _! magnitude & =m4 ,! ess5ce ( all sub/ance is precisely alike :5 ! ess5ce alone is consid]$4 ,sub/ances c only diff] 9 _! magnitude1 =m1 & susceptibilities1 b n 9 _! ess5ces1 = !y are & mu/ be alike4 ,,! ,,immat]iali/s ,,only ,,possible ,,argum5t ,,refut$4 ,! only possible argum5t :i* ! immat]iali/ pret5ds to br+ =w>d 9 support ( ! inext5sion & indivisibility ( a ?9k+ sub/ance1 & consequ5tly ( its immat]iality--is f\nd$ on ! self-consci\sness ( su* sub/ance4 ,a ?9k+ sub/ance is consci\s ( its own individual unity3 x is consci\s t itself is n _m be+s1 b "o4 ,mank9d univ]sally feel _! own individual unity :5 ea* contemplates himself4 ,ea* "o is c]ta9 t x is ! same be+ t rejoic$ ye/]day :o rememb]s to-day--t all pa/ & pres5t affections are ! affections ( "o be+1 & n ( _m4 ,! absolute on5ess ( a ?9k+ be+ is suppos$ to be inconsi/5t ) a plurality ( p>ts4 ,to avoid ?is suppos$ inconsi/5cy ! immat]iali/ assumes t su* a sub/ance is )\t p>ts4 ,dr4 ,br[n says t ! v notion ( plurality & division is z inconsi/5t ) ! notion ( self z ! notions ( exi/5ce & nonexi/5ce4 7,br[n's ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,m9d4 ,lecture ,,xcvi47 ,t by ! t]m plurality1 he means ! plurality ( p>ts1 z well z a plurality ( atoms1--is v evid5t f ! :ole t5or ( 8 reason+4 ,if ! mat]iali/1 z ,dr4 ,br[n aga9 says1 ass]t ?\ght to be ! affection ( a s+le p>ticle1 a monade2 he mu/ rememb] t if :at he *ooses to t]m a s+le p>ticle1 be a p>ticle or matt]1 x too mu/ /ill admit ( division2 x mu/ h a top & bottom1 a "r side & a left2 x mu/1 z x is demon/rable 9 geometry1 admit ( be+ cut 9 diff]5t po9ts1 by an inf9ite numb] ( /raight l9es2 & all ! difficulty ( ! composition ( ?\ght1 !re=e1 rema9s precisely z be=e4 ,if x be suppos$1 cont9ues he1 s completely dive/$ ( all ! qualities ( matt]1 z n to be ext5d$1 nor consequ5tly divisible1 x is !n m9d :i* is ass]t$ "u ano!r "n1 & e ?+ :i* is at all important 9 ! controv]sy is conc$$4 7,br[n's ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,m9d4 ,lecture ,,xcvi47 ,a unity ( sub/ance1 consi/+ ( p>ts1 is suppos$ by ,dr4 ,br[n & o!r immat]iali/s to be1 n only relatively1 b absolutely absurd4 ,b ?is suppos$ absurdity is only imag9>y1 & is f\nd$ :olly on supposition & false reason+1 & n on our self-consci\sness4 ,self-consci\sness tea*es u ! unity ( self1 b x does n tea* u t a unity ( self is inconsi/5t ) a plurality ( p>ts1 & consequ5tly inext5d$4 ,! absolute on5ess or unity ( a ?9k+ be+ c1 by no means1 be d5i$4 ,e man 9 all ! _w1--! savage z well z ! philosoph]1--is consci\s t :at he calls himself is n _m b "o2 b no man is consci\s t ! ?9k+ sub/ance call$ self does n consi/ ( a plurality ( p>ts--no "o is consci\s t self is inext5d$4 ,inde$1 9 ! v notion ( unity is involv$ ! notion ( a plurality ( p>ts4 ,9 ab/ract numb]s !mselves a unit consi/s ( an unlimit$ numb] ( fractional p>ts4 ,a unit ( "t is compos$ ( innum]able p>ts call$ mom5ts4 ,a unit ( space embraces a c\ntless numb] ( fractional spaces4 ,a unit ( sub/ance is compos$ ( an imm5se numb] ( fractional p>ts4 ,)\t a plurality ( p>ts we c =m no notion :atsoev] ( unity4 ,if consci\sness1 !re=e1 tea*es u ( ! unity ( self1 x mu/ tea* u ( a unity consi/+ ( p>ts2 o!rwise x tea*es u no?+4 ,! unity ( ! ?9k+ be+1 !n1 proves to a demon/ration t x consi/s ( p>ts1 & consequ5tly mu/ be ext5d$4 ,! t]m unity :5 appli$ to "t1 space1 or sub/ance1 is entirely indef9ite z to quantity4 ,any quantity1 ei!r great or small1 may be assum$ z a unit4 ,9 a multitude ( human be+s a man2 9 a bodily organ a molecule ( any comp\nd$ sub/ance :i* ent]s into its composition2 &1 9 a molecule1 an atom may be assum$ z ! unit4 ,9 an atom !re is an indef9ite numb] ( p>ts1 ei!r ( :i* may be *os5 z a unit4 ,b :5 we desc5d ! scale /ill f>!r1 & speak ( t :i* has no p>ts1 we c =m no possible conception ( a unit ( inext5sion4 ,! t]m no?+1 in/ead ( unity1 is ! only applicable t]m = t :i* is inext5d$4 ,to ?9k ( unity 9 ref]5ce to ext]nal ?+s1 we ?9k ( some?+ t has p>ts2 s likewise to feel ! unity ( ! m9d is to feel t x has p>ts4 ,if ! unity or on5ess ( ! m9d is any evid5ce 9 favor ( its be+ inext5d$ & )\t p>ts1 ! unity or on5ess ( all o!r sub/ances is equal evid5ce ( _! inext5sion4 ,all ! atoms ( e sub/ance 9 ! imm5sity ( space1 :5 consid]$ sep>ately & ap>t1 are units1 t is ea* atom is n _m sub/ances1 b "o4 ,!re=e1 if ! unity ( sub/ance necess>ily implies ! inext5sion ( sub/ance1 e atom 9 ! univ]se mu/ be inext5d$ & )\t p>ts1 & consequ5tly immat]ial4 ,if x be said t ! univ]se conta9s no sub/ances t c be call$ units1 b t ea* atom is a plurality ( sub/ances1 ?is w\ld n obviate ! difficulty 9 ! lea/2 x w\ld only be add+ absurdity to absurdity2 = a plurality to exi/ )\t ! possibility ( a unity's exi/+1 is inconceivable nons5se4 ,a plural numb]1 )\t a s+ul>1 or _m sub/ances to co-exi/ )\t ! possibility ( ! exi/5ce ( any s+le "o1 is z grossly absurd z immat]ialism itself4 ,h5ce unity implies p>ts z mu* z plurality4 ,!re=e1 :]ev] a unity or plurality ( sub/ance exi/s1 !re matt] exi/s1 ) all its ess5tial *>act]i/ics4 ,no d\bt b t ! immat]iali/ absurdity 0 inv5t$ pr9cipally to combat ! gross errors :i* h be5 embrac$ by "s mat]iali/s1 bo? ( anci5t & mod]n times4 ,! great majority ( mat]iali/s h cont5d$ t ?\ght & feel+ are ! results ( organization1 beg9n+ & ceas+ ) x4 ,hobbes1 ,sp9osa1 ,prie/ley1 ,d>w91 & num]\s o!r individuals1 h /r5u\sly advocat$ ?is inconsi/5cy4 ,!y h ass]t$ t p>ticles ( matt] h no susceptibilities ( ?\ght & feel+ :5 unorganiz$1 b z soon z !y 7 br\ght toge!r into a c]ta9 sy/em1 ! result ( su* union is ?\ght & feel+4 ,dr4 ,br[n1 9 combat+ ?is vague conjecture1 has cle>ly %[n t a sy/em ( p>ticles c h no prop]ties z a :ole :i* x does n possess 9 its individual p>ts2 &1 consequ5tly1 t a ?\ght1 or a joy1 or a fe>1 or any o!r affections ( ! m9d1 _c possibly be ! affections result+ f a plurality1 b 9 all cases mu/ be ! affections or feel+s ( e "p ( a sub/ance4 ,we mo/ cordially believe ) ,dr4 ,br[n1 t a sy/em ( p>ticles _c possibly possess a prop]ty :i* ! individuals compos+ ! sy/em d n possess4 ,_h ?is great philosoph] & metaphysician /opp$ "h1 8 reason+ w\ld h be5 amply suffici5t to h ov]?r[n ! errors ( ,prie/ly1 ,d>w91 & o!rs :o h suppos$ ?\ght to beg9 & end ) organization4 ,b by suppos+ an individual unity to be inconsi/5t ) ext5sion & p>ts1 he has advocat$ an absurdity /ill m gl>+ ?an ! "o :i* a "p ( 8 reason+ has s successfully ov]?r[n4 ,!re is ano!r gross error ( a v diff]5t nature f ! "o advocat$ by ,prie/ley & 8 foll[]s1 :i* ,dr4 ,br[n also v cle>ly exposes4 ,?is error consi/s 9 assum+ ?\ght1 hope1 fe>1 joy1 sorr[1 desire1 & all o!r affections to be little p>ticles ( matt]4 ,we are n aw>e1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 ev] a human be+ s void ( common s5se z to advocate ?is palpable inconsi/5cy4 ,x is v evid5t t ?is error is n necess>ily incorporat$ ) t absurd notion :i* supposes ?\ght & o!r affections to be a prop]ty ( an organiz$ sy/em ( p>ticles1 b n a prop]ty ( ea* individual p>ticle4 ,! two errors are widely diff]5t3 ! "o supposes a ?\ght or feel+ to be a prop]ty1 n ( a s+le p>ticle1 b ( a collection ( p>ticles2 ! o!r supposes a ?\ght or feel+ to be a little p>ticle ( matt] itself1 & n a prop]ty ( ei!r a p>ticle or collection ( p>ticles4 ,! =m] error has _h num]\s advocates 9 su* m5 z ,prie/ley1 ,d>w91 c42 b ! latt]1 s f> z we are aw>e1 has _h no advocates4 ,dr4 ,br[n1 h[ev]1 has attack$ n only ! =m]1 b ! latt] error1 z ?\gh x really _h an exi/5ce 9 "s popul> !ory4 ,if ?\ght be little p>ticles ( matt]1 ,dr4 ,br[n ju/ly argues1 t x w be n m absurd to talk ( ! tw5tie? "p ( an affirmation1 or ! qu>t] ( a hope1 ( ! top ( a remembrance1 & ! nor? & ea/ corn]s ( a comp>ison1 ?an ( ! tw5tie? "p ( a p\nd1 or ( ! diff]5t po9ts ( ! compass 9 ref]5ce to any "p ( ! globe ( :i* we may be speak+4 ,we agree ) him mo/ p]fectly 9 say+1 t ) e ef=t ( att5tion :i* we c give to our m5tal analysis1 we are z incapable ( =m+ any conception ( :at is meant by ! qu>t] ( a d\bt1 or ! half ( a belief1 z ( =m+ to ourselves an image ( a circle )\t a c5tral po9t1 or ( a squ>e )\t a s+le angle4 ,dr4 ,br[n also endeav\rs to br+ ?is mode ( reason+ to be> aga9/ ! absurdity :i* supposes ?\ght to be a quality ( a collection ( p>ticles arrang$ 9 ! =m ( an organ1 b n a quality ( s+le p>ticles4 ,b x is evid5t t ! argum5ts :i* entirely demoli% "o error1 leave ! o!r entirely unt\*$4 ,! weakness ( ,dr4 ,br[n's argum5t1 :5 wrongfully appli$ aga9/ ! la/-nam$ error1 w m fully appe> by ref]5ce to 8 own words :i* read z foll[s3-- ,ev5 ?\gh x 7 admitt$1 h[ev]1 9 opposition to "o ( ! cle>e/ tru?s 9 sci5ce1 t an organ is some?+ m ?an a m]e "n = ! sep>ate & indep5d5t bodies :i* x d5otes1 & t our v>i\s feel+s are /ates ( ! s5sorial organ1 x mu/ /ill be all[$ t1 if two hundr$ p>ticles exi/+ 9 a c]ta9 /ate =m a d\bt1 ! division ( ^! into two equal aggregates ( ! p>ticles1 z !y exi/ 9 ?is /ate at ! mom5t ( t p>ticul> feel+1 w\ld =m halves ( a d\bt2 t all ! tru?s ( ari?metic w\ld be pr$icable ( ea* sep>ate ?\ght1 if x 7 a /ate ( a numb] ( p>ticles4 ,by a little reflection x w be se5 t ,dr4 ,br[n's inf]5ce is entirely unf\nd$4 ,if two hundr$ p>ticles exi/+ 9 a c]ta9 /ate =m a d\bt1 x does n necess>ily foll[ t ! division ( ^! into two equal aggregates ( ! p>ticles1 w\ld =m halves ( a d\bt4 ,if two hundr$ p\nds weight atta*$ to a c]ta9 ma*9e w produce a result call$ motion1 x does n necess>ily foll[ t "o hundr$ p\nds w produce a result call$ half ( a motion4 ,if exactly two hundr$ p>ticles organiz$ 9 a c]ta9 =m1 7 requisite to produce a c]ta9 ?\ght1 !n x is evid5t t to alt] 9 ! lea/ ei!r ! numb] or organization w\ld be a complete de/ruction ( t p>ticul> ?\ght1 in/ead ( =m+ fractions ( x4 ,?is is :at ,prie/ley & 8 foll[]s ass]t4 ,!y say t ?\ght beg9s & ends ) ! organization1 & t ! s+le individuals ent]+ into ! sy/em1 =m no ?\ght nor fractions ( a ?\ght4 ,?is absurdity1 !re=e1 rema9s unt\*$ by ?is argum5t ( ,dr4 ,br[n4 ,x is effectually demoli%$1 h[ev]1 by ano!r species ( argum5t1 us$ by him to :i* we h already ref]r$4 ,he has prov$ ,prie/ley's !ory to be false1 n by suppos+ t ! fractions ( a d\bt c\ld be made to result f x1 b by cle>ly %[+ t an organ is only a "n = a collection ( _m sub/ances1 :i* _c possibly possess any prop]ty z a :ole1 :i* ! individuals d n possess :5 exi/+ s+ly4 ,he has also prov$ ! !ory :i* ass]ts t a ?\ght or a feel+ is a little p>ticle ( matt]1 to be false1 because x involves ! absurdity ( fractional ?\ghts1 hopes1 fe>s1 c4 ,b !re is "o m !ory :i* we v5ture to propose1 t we believe to be impregnable1 :i* no philosoph] or metaphysician ev] has or ev] c refute4 ,?is !ory may be /at$ z foll[s3-- ,a ?\ght1 hope1 fe>1 joy1 or any o!r feel+ is n a little p>ticle ( matt]1 nor ! result or quality ( a collection ( p>ticles1 call$ an organ or a sy/em or organs1 b x is ! /ate or affection ( a s+le individual sub/ance1 hav+ ext5sion & p>ts1 & all ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics belong+ to all o!r matt]4 ,!re is no absurdity 9 speak+ ( ! half1 or ( a qu>t]1 or ( any o!r fractional "p ( ?is sub/ance1 b !re w\ld be a great absurdity 9 speak+ ( ! fractional p>ts ( its m]e /ates or affections4 ,! half or a ?\s&? "p ( a ?9k+ sub/ance is z reasonable z ! half or a ?\s&? "p ( an attract+ sub/ance2 b ! top or bottom ( a ?\ght w\ld be z absurd z ! top or bottom ( attraction4 ,! nor? or ea/ side ( a sub/ance :i* rememb]s1 is j z correct z ! nor? or ea/ corn]s ( a sub/ance :i* possesses a *emical aff9ity2 b ! nor? side ( a remembrance w\ld be z inconsi/5t z ! nor? side ( a *emical aff9ity4 ,h5ce1 none ( ! argum5ts :i* are s successfully br\ght to be> aga9/ ! o!r two !ories1 w 9 ! lea/ affect ?is4 ,x is invuln]able 9 e po9t at :i* x may be assail$4 ,e conceivable "p ( ?is sub/ance1 h[ev] m9ute1 possesses ! same prop]ty z ! :ole4 ,a ?\ght1 or any o!r /ate ( feel+ is1 !re=e1 p]ceiv$ by e possible "p ( :i* a :ole consi/s4 ,a unity ( sub/ance1 z we h already _h occasion to rem>k1 consi/s ( an imm5se numb] ( fractional p>ts4 ,^!1 9 ord] to con/itute unity1 mu/ be s closely connect$ )1 & relat$ to ea* o!r1 t :atev] /ate or affection "o may happ5 to be 91 all ! re/ mu/ imm$iately be notifi$ ( ! same4 ,if "o "p be affect$ ) pa91 e o!r "p mo/ be consci\s ( x4 ,if "o "p rejoices1 hopes1 or fe>s1 ! :ole mu/1 by sympa?y1 rejoice1 hope1 or fe> 9 ! same mann]4 ,b if "o "p c\ld suff]1 :ile ano!r "p 0 unconsci\s ( su* suff]+2 or if ! affection ( "o "p _h no t5d5cy to affect ano!r1 !n ! individual unity w\ld be de/roy$1 & ! sub/ance w\ld be z _m di/9ct1 ?9k+1 feel+ be+s z !re 7 p>ts unconsci\s ( ! affections ( ! o!rs4 ,x is n necess>y t a ?9k+ sub/ance %\ld be limit$ to magnitudes or quantities t are exce$+ly m9ute 9 ord] to con/itute a unity4 ,l>ge am\nts ( sub/ance are z consi/5t ) unity z small ones4 ,b 9 all cases1 :e!r ! quantity be l>ge or small1 x is necess>y t ! p>ts %\ld be> t relation to ea* o!r1 t :5 "o is affect$ e o!r %\ld be affect$ also2 o!rwise1 x c\ld n be a unity4 ,! feel+ or ?9k+ sub/ance ( an elephant or :ale is z mu* an individual unity z ! feel+ sub/ance or _s ( a gnat or animalcul1 ?\gh ! magnitude ( ! =m] f> exce$s t ( ! latt]4 ,x is ! peculi> organization or relation ( p>ts 9 su* a mann] z to be all consci\s ( ea* o!r's affection :i* con/itutes ! unity1 )\t any reg>d to ! size or am\nt ( sub/ance organiz$4 ,:5 ! sev]al p>ts are s organiz$ z to ?9k1 rememb]1 hate1 love1 & feel alike1 "u ! diff]5t circum/ances to :i* ! organization may be expos$1 ! :ole is "o individual unity or be+4 ,if ! m9d or _s be ( ! same magnitude z ! body1 !n ! impressions receiv$ ?r\gh ! v>i\s organs ( a human body w\ld only h to be transf]r$ to ! di/ance ( ab\t five feet1 9 ord] t e "p ( ! m9d might be alike consci\s ( su* impressions4 ,let ! velocity be ev] s rapid1 "t w\ld be an ess5tial +r$i5t to ! transf] ( ^! communications f "p to "p4 ,if !y 7 communicat$ ) ! velocity ( s\nd1 ^? p>ts ( ! m9d ! mo/ di/ant f ! "o fir/ affect$1 w\ld receive ! impression 9 ! two hundr$? "p ( a second4 ,if ! transf] 7 z rapid z light1 ! impression w\ld be convey$ to ! mo/ di/ant extremities ( ! m9d 9 ! two hundr$ million? "p ( a second4 ,^! inconceivably m9ute portions ( "t w\ld be altoge!r imp]ceptible to ! m9d4 ,h5ce1 :5ev] any "p ( ! m9d is affect$ ?r\gh its s5sorial organs1 e o!r "p seems to be affect$ 9 ! same in/ant1 :]eas1 9 reality1 ! affection is convey$ successively f "p to "p1 ! same z s\nd or light is convey$ f a s\nd+ or a lum9\s body4 ,! conveyance ( int]nal ?\ghts or emotions ( any k9d =m "o "p ( ! m9d to ! o!r1 is probably equal 9 velocity to ! transf] ( ! v>i\s notions ga9$ by s5sation4 ,!re=e1 9 consequ5ce ( ! inconceivable velocity ) :i* all ?\ghts & s5sations are convey$ f "o extremity ( ! m9d to ano!r1 x is impossible = "o "p ( ! m9d to h a ?\ght1 s5sation1 or feel+ ( any k9d :i* ! o!r p>ts ( ! m9d c1 dur+ any t]m ( "t t is appreciable1 be ignorant (4 ,x is = ?is reason t ! :ole ( ! m9d ?9ks1--! :ole ( ! m9d loves1--! :ole ( ! m9d hates1--! :ole ( ! m9d wills1 c4 ,if ! t]m ( "t 7 ( any appreciable l5g? 9 :i* ?\ghts & feel+s are convey$ f "o "p ( ! p]ceptive m9d to ! o!r1 !n1 :ile "o "p ( ! m9d 0 hat+ an object1 ano!r "p ( ! same m9d might be lov+ x because ( newly discov]$ qualities2 & :ile a "p ( ! m9d 9 "o foot 0 suff]+ int5se pa91 caus$ by tread+ ^u hot iron1 ano!r "p ( ! m9d 9 ! o!r foot1 n hav+ _h "t to receive ! in=mation1 w\ld v5ture also into ! same dang]4 ,7 x possible = ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! m9d to feel & ?9k )\t be+ able to communicate _! respective feel+s to ea* o!r1 !n e "p t ?us ?\ght & felt1 w\ld be a di/9ct individual1 z mu* s z if x 7 sep>at$ = miles f all ! re/1 or1 z if x 7 a sep>ate organization4 ,9 ?is case1 ! :ole be+ or m9d :i* we be=e t]m$ ,i1 w\ld cease its individual unity2 & ea* "p :i* ?\ght & felt indep5d5tly1 c\ld appropriate to itself ! t]m ,i1 & ) ! greate/ propriety c\ld apply ! t]m ,,y to e o!r "p :i* ?\ght & felt di/9ctly & diff]5tly f itself4 ,x is1 !re=e1 because all p>ts ( ! m9d seem to be affect$ 9 ! same way1 & app>5tly at ! same "t1 t x is felt to be a s+le individual m9d4 ,x is ?is1 & ?is only1 t con/itutes ! unity ( a ?9k+ be+1 & n1 z ! immat]iali/ ass]ts1 a some?+ )\t p>ts1 :i* f its v nature c\ld con/itute nei!r a unity1 nor a plurality1 nor any ?+ else1 b no?+4 ,if ! human _s be ne>ly ! same =m & magnitude z ! fle%ly tab]nacle 9 :i* x dwells1 x mu/ be compos$ ( an imm5se numb] ( p>ticles1 ea* ( :i* is susceptible ( almo/ an inf9ite v>iety ( ?\ghts1 emotions1 & feel+s4 ,:5ce orig9at$ ^! susceptibilities8 ,are !y ! results ( organization8 ,did ea* p>ticle obta9 its susceptibilities by be+ unit$ ) o!rs8 ,?is w\ld be impossible2 = if a p>ticle 7 entirely de/itute ( ! capacity ( ?9k+ & feel+1 no possible organization c\ld imp>t to x t p[]4 ,! p[] to ?9k & feel1 is n1 nor c n be d]iv$ f any arrangem5t ( p>ticles4 ,if !y h n ?is p[] be=e organization1 !y c nev] h x aft]w>ds4 ,x foll[s !n1 t if ev] !re 7 a "t :5 ! p>ticles ( ! human _s exi/$ 9 a disorganiz$ /ate1 ea* p>ticle s exi/+1 mu/ h _h all ! susceptibilities ( feel+ & ?\ght t x n[ has2 &1 consequ5tly1 ea* p>ticle mu/ h be5 a sep>ate indep5d5t be+ ( itself4 ,!re=e1 "u su* circum/ances1 "o p>ticle w\ld h be5 no m affect$ ) ! /ate or condition ( o!rs1 ?an "o man is affect$ ) ! pleasures or pa9s ( o!rs ) :om he is n associat$4 ,h[1 !n1 x may be ask$1 c ^! sep>ate indep5d5t be+s1 be s unit$ z to =m b "o be+1 possess+ ! same susceptibilities z ea* ( ! individuals ( :i* x is compos$8 ,! answ] to ?is "q may be m cle>ly und]/ood by ! foll[+ illu/ration4 ,let a c]ta9 numb] ( iron fil+s exi/ 9 a scatt]$ condition1 widely sep>at$ f ea* o!r4 ,x is evid5t t ea* possesses ! susceptibility ( magnetism4 ,su* z are br\ght )9 ! influ5ce ( a load/one or magnet1 "u fav\rable circum/ances1 w exhibit all ! magnetic ph5om5a1 :ile o!rs unconnect$ & at a di/ance1 w rema9 entirely unaffect$4 ,b let all ^! fil+s be firmly unit$ toge!r into "o b> ( iron1 & be expos$ to ! influ5ce ( a magnet or load/one1 & !y w !n be affect$ alike4 ,^? :i* 7 be=e ! union di/9ct individual p>ticles1 exhibit+ at ! same "t diff]5t susceptibilities & qualities1 accord+ to ! diff]5t circum/ances 9 :i* !y 7 plac$1--are1 by _! union1 consolidat$ into "o mass4 ,9 ?is condition1 if "o "p be magnetiz$1 ! :ole w be magnetiz$2 if "o "p be mov$1 ! :ole w be mov$4 ,!re=e ! p>ticles 9 ?is b>1 ?\gh di/9ct p>ts ( ! same sub/ance1 c no long] be consid]$ di/9ct individuals1 because !y are no long] affect$ diff]5tly1 b alike4 ,s x is ) ! human _s3 its p>ticles previ\s to ! organization1 are1 z above /at$1 sep>ate & di/9ct be+s1 & ! affections ( ea* are entirely indep5d5t ( ! /ate ( ! o!rs4 ,b :5 organiz$ into a p]son1 all p>ticles mu/ f h5ce=? be subject to ! same influ5ces2 & ?\gh !y are di/9ct p>ts ( ! same sub/ance1 yet !y are "o 9 all _! ?\ghts & feel+s2 & x is ?is :i* con/itutes individuality 9 all intellig5t organizations4 ,if a b> ( iron1 weigh+ "o p\nd1 _h ! p[] ( express+ its diff]5t qualities1 x c\ld ) ! greate/ propriety say1 ,i am heavy--,i am magnetiz$--,i move4 ,! t]m ,i w\ld repres5t ! :ole b>1 consi/+ ( an inf9ite numb] ( p>ts1--all affect$ precisely 9 ! same mom5t & 9 ! same mann]4 ,n[ no "o w\ld = a mom5t suppose ! p\nd ( iron to be immat]ial & )\t p>ts1 because ! t]m ,i 0 repres5tative ( a s+le individual b>4 ,s likewise 9 ! expressions1 ,i ?9k1--,i feel1--,i rememb]2 ! t]m ,i is a repres5tative ( ! :ole be+1 e "p ( :i* ?9ks1 feels1 & rememb]s 9 ! same mom5t & 9 ! same mann]4 ,! argum5ts :i* ,dr4 ,br[n has us$ 7,br[n's ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,m9d4 ,lecture ,,xcvi47 aga9/ ! mat]iality ( ! m9d1 w\ld apply ) ! same =ce aga9/ ! mat]iality ( iron or any o!r sub/ance2 = if ?\ght or feel+ prove ! unity & inext5sion ( m9d1--weight1 magnetism1 or motion w1 ) z mu* reason1 prove ! unity & inext5sion ( iron4 ,mr4 ,tayld] has ass]t$ t ,! ,mat]ialism ( ! ,mormons is n only unscriptural1 b anti-scriptural4 7,tayld] aga9/ ,mat]ialism1 page #ba47 #a4--;,he und]takes to %[ t x is unscriptural1 by ass]t+ t x is 9 opposition to ! spirituality ( ! ,div9ity4 7,tayld] aga9/ ,mat]ialism1 page #bb47 ,we readily admit t any sy/em :i* is 9 opposition to ! spirituality ( ! ,div9ity1 is n only unscriptural b dang]\sly false4 ,t ! ,spirits ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 z well z ! ,holy ,_s1 consi/ ( a sub/ance purely spiritual1 c by no means be d5i$ by any believ] 9 ! sacr$ scriptures4 ,x is a doctr9e firmly believ$ by u & all ! ,latt]-day ,sa9ts4 ,x is a doctr9e mo/ def9itely express$ & advocat$ 9 our pamphlet on ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & t1 too1 on ! v page f :i* ,mr4 ,tayld] makes copi\s extracts4 ,x is !re t we h def9itely spok5 ( ! ,,spirits ( ! ,fa!r & ,son3 x is !re t we speak ( ! ,holy ,,_s3 x !re t we h expressly said t ,god is a ,,_s4 ,& yet 9 ! face ( all ^! decl>ations ,mr4 ,tayld] has _h ! h>dihood to say t our !ory is 9 opposition to ! spirituality ( ! ,div9ity4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 x is ! mat]ial !ory alone t e/abli%es ! v exi/5ce1 ( ,_s4 ,take away ! mat]iality ( ,_s1 & y at once de/roy its v exi/5ce1 z we h abundantly %[n 9 ! =ego+ pages4 ,! immat]iali/s h aim$ a deadly bl[ at ! f\ndation ( all spiritual exi/5ce1 by d5y+ x ext5sion & p>ts4 ,we1 9 opposition to ?is unphilosophic1 unscriptural1 & a!i/ical doctr9e1 h mo/ cle>ly express$ our belief 9 a real tangible sub/ance call$ ,_s1 :i* has ext5sion & p>ts1 l all o!r matt]4 ,9 ! case ( ! angels' visit to ,abraham1 & ( _! p>tak+ ( food1 :o1 inquiries ,mr4 ,tayld]1 w\ld conclude !y mu/ h fle%y bodies8 7,tayld] aga9/ ,mat]ialism1 page #bd47 ,we answ] t a fle%ly body & a spiritual body are entirely diff]5t ?+s4 ,"o is a body ( mat]ial fle%2 ! o!r is a body ( mat]ial _s--!y are entirely diff]5t k9ds ( matt]1 z mu* s z iron & oxyg54 ,jesus says1 ,god is a ,_s2 & aga9 he says1 a ,_s ha? n fle% & bones4 ,f ^! say+s ( ,jesus1 we c see t spiritual matt] & fle%y or bony matt] are di/9ct sub/ances4 ,^! passages are sometimes quot$ z a suppos$ pro( ( immat]iality4 ,b ev]yone kn[s t !re are millions ( sub/ances t are n fle% & bones4 ,a h\se1 a /one1 or a tree1 ha? n fle% & bones1 any m ?an a _s2 %all we !re=e say t all ^! sub/ances are immat]ial8 ,if a _s mu/ be immat]ial because x ha? n fle% & bones1 !n e sub/ance 9 ! univ]se1 except fle% & bones1 mu/ be immat]ial4 ,mr4 ,tayld] supposes t ! p]sons :o appe>$ to ,abraham1 & ate1 & walk$1 & conv]s$ ) him1 7 only bodily =ms1 assum$ 9 m]cy to man4 ,b1 we ask1 h[ does our au?or "k b :at ^! bodily =ms 7 ! real1 true1 sub/antial =ms ( ^! be+s1 in/ead ( assum$ ones8 ,he seems to ?9k t x might be assum$1 ) equal propriety1 t ! ,div9e ,be+ is 'a rock1' 'a =tress1' 'a t[]1' 'a %ield1' 'a buckl]1' because he is s /yl$ 9 ! bible4 ,b did he ev] appe> 9 ! =m ( a rock1 or a =tress1 to any p]son anci5tly8 ,did he ev] appe> to ,abraham1 to ,jacob1 to ,moses1 to ! ,sev5ty ,eld]s ( ,israel1 to ,micaiah1 to ,isaiah1 or to ! ,jewi% nation1 :5 he walk$ among !m1 9 ! fle%1 z a t[]1 a %ield1 or a buckl]8 ,no3 he appe>$ to !m all z a p]son4 ,if ! ?ree p]sons :om ,abraham saw _h appe>$ l a %ield1 or any o!r inanimate ?+1 !y w\ld n h be5 call$ m54 ,x 0 because !y resembl$ ! human species t !y 7 ?us call$4 ,mr4 ,tayld] says1 ?is s*eme contradicts itself2 = if ,*ri/ 7 possess$ ( a body ( fle% & blood1 h[ c\ld he become inc>nate8 ,! ,mormons believe1 cont9ues he1 9 ! inc>nation1 b ?is contradicts x4 ,_! doctr9e implies t he _h a body be=e he 0 inc>nate1 or he _h a body be=e he _h a body1 or he _h a body & _h n a body at ! same "t4 7,tayld]'s ,tract1 page #bf47 ,?is au?or mu/ be v ignorant ( our doctr9e if he supposes t we ?9k t ,*ri/ _h a body ( fle% & blood be=e 8 inc>nation4 ,*ri/1 be=e 8 inc>nation1 0 a spiritual body1 & n a body ( fle% & bones4 ,x 0 ! body ( 8 _s & n a fle%ly body t 0 ) ! ,fa!r 9 ! beg9n+1 :5 ,god said1 let u make man 9 our lik5ess & 9 our image4 ,:5ev] he appe>$ be=e he dwelt 9 fle%1 x 0 ! pure spiritual matt] only t 0 se54 ,! spiritual body ( ,*ri/ has h&s1 face1 feet1 & all o!r memb]s1 ! same z 8 body ( fle% & bones4 ,! spiritual bodies ( all m5 7 9 ! lik5ess ( ! spiritual body ( ,*ri/ :5 !y 7 fir/ creat$4 ,t spiritual bodies are capable ( cond5sation1 is evid5t f ! fact ( _! occupy+ ! small bodies ( infants4 ,! spirits ( j m51 :o h dep>t$ f ! fle%ly tab]nacle1 h be5 se5 by ! inspir$ writ]s2 & f _! description ( !m1 we %\ld n only judge !m to be ( ! same =m1 b likewise ( ab\t ! same size z man 9 ?is life4 ,^! dep>t$ spirits1 !n1 :i* are ab\t ! same magnitude z m5 9 ! fle%1 once occupi$ infant bodies4 ,!re are only two me?ods by :i* to acc\nt = _! increase 9 magnitude2 "o is by an additional quantity ( spiritual matt]1 be+ gradually & cont9ually incorporat$ 9 ! spiritual body1 by :i* its magnitude is increas$ 9 ! same way & 9 ! same proportion z ! fle%ly body is increas$4 ,& ! o!r is by its ela/icity or expansive prop]ties by :i* x increases 9 size1 z ! tab]nacle ( fle% & bones increases1 until x atta9s to its natural magnitude1 or until its expansive & cohesive prop]ties balance ea* o!r1 or are 9 a /ate ( equilibrium4 ,! latt] me?od seems to be 9 accordance ) scripture4 ,! spiritual body ( ,*ri/1 :5 se5 previ\s to 8 inc>nation1 is n repres5t$ z an infant 9 /ature1 b z a man1 & consequ5tly 8 _s mu/ h be5 ( ! size ( a man4 ,!re=e1 :5 he came & dwelt 9 ! infant tab]nacle ( fle%1 born ( a virg91 8 _s mu/ h be5 greatly cond5s$2 & did n completely rega9 its =m] magnitude until ! fle%ly tab]nacle _h atta9$ its full gr[?4 ,z a fur!r evid5ce ( ! cond5sation ( spiritual matt]1 we read ( sev5 devils be+s ca/ out ( ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ( a legion ( o!rs inhabit+ "o man1 & :i*1 aft] be+ ca/ out1 ent]$ a l>ge h]d ( sw9e4 ,n[ ^! devils 7 once angels :o kept n _! fir/ e/ate4 ,^? angels :o kept _! fir/ e/ate1 t h be5 se51 appe> ab\t ! size & ( ! =m ( m51 insomu* t !y are frequ5tly call$ m5 9 ! scriptures3 & x is reasonable to suppose t ^? angels :o fell did n1 to any great ext5t1 alt] _! size & =m4 ,!re=e1 !y mu/ h be5 v mu* cond5s$ & cr[d$ :5 a legion ( !m ent]$ "o body4 ,t ! diff]5t p>ticles ( a _s are n all 9 actual contact is v evid5t f ! fact t a spiritual body c alt] its dim5sions by cond5sation or expansion4 ,x is also evid5t f ! fact ( its ent]+ into union ) fle% & bones1 & also )draw+ itself at dea?4 ,if ! p>ticles 7 9 contact1 & insep>ably connect$1 !re w\ld be no possibility ( gett+ 9 & out ( a fle%ly body1 unless by entirely dissolv+ its p>ts4 ,b1 z x is1 ea* ref9$ p>ticle ( ! _s c1 l heat or electricity1 pass betwe5 ! fle%ly p>ticles2 & ?us ! :ole body ( spiritual p>ticles c lib]ate !mselves2 & by _! own self-mov+ p[]s & free w1 c /ill pres]ve & ma9ta9 _! own organization4 ,"h is manife/$ ! great sup]iority ( spiritual matt] to all o!r matt]2 ea* p>ticle has ! p[] ( self-motion4 ,! :ole mass ( p>ticles h p[] to pres]ve !mselves 9 an organiz$ =m z long z !y please4 ,%\ld !y1 by any cont+5cy1 be dis>rang$1 z 9 pass+ 9 or out ( a body1 !y c ) ! greate/ ease1 resume _! =m] position1 & ma9ta9 _! bodily organization ei!r 9 or out ( a fle%ly tab]nacle4 ,mr4 ,tayld]1 9 speak+ ( ! sev5 devils :i* possess$ ,m>y ,magdal5e1 says1 if !y 7 mat]ial !y mu/ h cond5s$ !mselves into a v small space4 ,he !n rem>ks1 ,no d\bt ! read] que/ions ! possibility ( any sane p]son1 fir/ embrac+ & !n calmly propagat+ su* errors4 7,tayld]'s ,tract1 page #bh47 ,b we calmly ask ,mr4 ,tayld]1 :i* w\ld be ! mo/ reasonable & philosophic1--to believe t sev5 sub/ances c\ld all occupy ! same space at ! same "t1 or to believe1 z we d1 9 ! cond5sation ( sub/ance8 ,! =m] is an admitt$ absurdity1 b ! latt] is some?+ t is con/antly tak+ place 9 a great v>iety ( sub/ances4 ,none c\ld believe ! =m]1 unless 8 m5tal vision 0 obscur$ & 8 eyes bl9d$ by ! absurd insane notions ( prie/craft & false tradition2 b any man ( s\nd s5se1 :o d>es ?9k = himself1 c\ld believe ! latt]1 because x does n involve an absurdity4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ 9 a bodily %ape l a dove ^u ! ,savi\r1 & l z clov5 tongues ( fire on ! apo/les4 ,h[ c a dove1 inquires ,mr4 ,tayld]1 ext5d ?r\gh all space & int]m+le ) all ! matt]8 ,x is 7he ass]ts7 a cle> impossibility4 ,we readily admit t a dove or a clov5 tongue ( fire _c be omnipres5t4 ,x is1 z ,mr4 ,tayld] says1 a cle> impossibility4 ,& x is likewise j z impossible = a p]son to be ev]y:]e pres5t1 z x is = a dove4 ,:y %\ld our au?or suppose x possible = a p]son to be ev]y:]e pres5t1 :5 he admits t a dove c\ld n be 9 su* a condition8 ,! clov5 tongues ( fire t appe>$ unto ! disciples on ! day ( p5teco/1 7 only p>ts ( t all-wise sub/ance :i* ext5ds ?r\gh space4 ,! clov5 tongue ( fire :i* re/$ ^u "o man1 0 n ! same t re/$ ^u all ! o!rs2 h5ce !re 0 a plurality ( !m t appe>$4 ,! prophet ,joel in=ms u1 t 9 ! la/ days ! ,_s %all be p\r$ out ^u all fle%4 ,no two p]sons c receive ! same id5tical p>ticles ( ?is ,_s at ! same in/ant2 a "p !re=e ( ! ,holy ,_s w re/ ^u "o man1 & ano!r "p w re/ ^u ano!r4 ,if ! ,_s re/s ^u all fle% at ! same "t1 !n !re w be z _m p>ts ( ! ,_s z !re are di/9ct individuals 9 :om x dwells4 ,no "o ( ^! p>ts ( ! ,_s c be ev]y:]e pres5t any m ?an a dove4 ,ea* "p c occupy only "o place at a "t4 ,if ! :ole be inf9ite 9 quantity1 x c ext5d ?r\gh inf9ite space2 if x be f9ite 9 quantity1 x c only occupy f9ite space4 ,t diff]5t p>ts ( ?is _s c assume diff]5t %apes1 is evid5t f its appe>+ z a dove at "o "t1 & z clov5 tongues ( fire at ano!r4 ,x is also evid5t f ! fact ( ! ,savi\r's speak+ ( ! ,holy ,_s z a p]sonage4 ,h[beit1 :5 he ! ,_s ( tru?1 is come1 ,,he w guide y into all tru?2 = ,,he %all n speak ( himself1 b :atsoev] ,,he %all he>1 t %all ,,he speak3 & ,,he w %ew y ?+s to come4 7,john1 xvi41 #ac47 ,!re is no m inconsi/5cy 9 "o "p ( ! ,holy ,_s exi/+ 9 ! =m ( a p]son1 ?an !re is 9 ano!r "p exi/+ 9 ! =m ( a dove1 & sev]al o!r p>ts exi/+ 9 ! =m ( clov5 tongues ( fire4 ,t ! all-p[]ful matt] call$ ! ,holy ,_s is v widely diffus$1 is evid5t f ! fact t ! "t w come :5 x w be p\r$ out ^u all fle%4 ,x is v c]ta9 t ! ,psalmi/ _h "s idea ( ! imm5se quantities ( ?is sub/ance1 & ( its ext5sive diffusion1 :5 he exclaims1 ,:i!r %all ,i g f ?y ,_s8 c4 ,! ,_s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! deep1 & by 8 ,_s ! heav5s 7 g>ni%$4 ,:5 we speak ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 ext5d+ ?r\gh all space1 we d n mean t x absolutely fills e m9ute portion ( space1 = if ?is 7 ! case1 !re w\ld be no room = any o!r matt]4 ,a sub/ance1 to absolutely fill all space1 w\ld be an inf9ite solid1 )\t pores & immovable 9 all its p>ts2 !re=e1 ! ,_s exi/s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( space 9 great] or less degrees ( d5sity1 l heat1 light1 or electricity4 ,x is ?is glori\s & all-p[]ful sub/ance t gov]ns & controls all o!r sub/ances by its actual pres5ce1 produc+ all ! ph5om5a ascrib$ to ! laws ( nature2 9 x we exi/1 we live1 we move1 & by x we receive wisdom & k1 & are guid$ into tru? 9 proportion z we p]mit x to dwell )9 u & receive its heav5ly tea*+s4 #b4--,! next consid]ation1 says our au?or1 is _! d5ial ( ! inf9ity1 p]fection1 & omnipres5ce ( ! ,godhead4 7,tayld]'s ,tract1 page #ca47 ,"u ?is head he quotes _m passages ( scripture to %[ t ! pres5ce ( ,god fills heav5 & e>?1 & t ! heav5 ( heav5s _c conta9 him4 ,all ^! ?+s we freely admit4 ,! ,holy ,_s is call$ ,god 9 ! scriptures1 z well z ! ,fa!r & ,son4 ,?is1 we presume1 ,mr4 ,tayld] w admit4 ,x is ,god1 ! ,holy ,_s1 !n1 t is ev]y:]e1 sub/antially & virtually4 ,! ,holy ,_s is inf9itely p]fect & wise1 "o 9 sub/ance1 b "o 9 wisdom1 p[]1 glory1 & goodness4 ,jesus pray$ t all 8 disciples might be made "o1 z he & 8 ,fa!r are "o4 ,if ,jesus & ! ,fa!r are "o p]son1 !n all ! disciples mu/1 accord+ to ! pray] ( ,jesus1 lose _! individual id5tity & become "o p]son3 ?is w\ld be p]fect nons5se4 ,!re=e1 ,jesus & ! ,fa!r are two p]sons or two sub/ances1 ! same 9 k9d b n ! same 9 id5tity--9 ! same s5se t 8 disciples are diff]5t p]sons3 &1 consequ5tly1 di/9ct sub/ances4 ,8 disciples are to be made "o ) him1 & ) ea* o!r1 ! same z ,jesus & ! ,fa!r are "o2 t is1 !y are to be "o 9 wisdom1 p[]1 & glory1 b n 9 p]son & sub/ance4 ,! sub/ance ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/ are ?ree di/9ct sub/ances1 z mu* z ! sub/ance ( ?ree m5 are di/9ct4 ,^! ?ree sub/ances act 9 conc]t 9 ! same way t all ! innum]able millions ( 8 disciples1 aft] !y are glorifi$1 w act 9 conc]t4 ,! disciples w !n be l him4 ,_! glorifi$ bodies w be simil> to t ( ,*ri/'s b n ! same z ,*ri/'s3 !y w all ma9ta9 _! sep>ate individualities1 l ! ,fa!r & ,son4 ,! "o-ness ( ! ,godhead may be 9 "s measure illu/rat$ by two gallons ( pure wat]1 exi/+ 9 sep>ate vessels1 repres5t+ ! ,fa!r & ,son1 & an ocean ( pure wat]1 repres5t+ ! ,holy ,_s4 ,no "o w\ld say ( ^! ?ree portions ( wat] t !y 7 id5tically ! same4 ,e portion w\ld be a sep>ate sub/ance ( itself1 b yet ! sep>ate portions w\ld be "o 9 k9d--"o 9 quality1 b ?ree 9 sep>ate di/9ct id5tities4 ,s x is ) ! ,godhead s f> z ! spiritual matt] is conc]n$4 ,!re is ! same p[]1 wisdom1 glory1 & goodness 9 e "p1 & yet e "p has its own "w to p]=m1 :i* accords 9 ! mo/ p]fect h>mony ) ! m9d & w ( e o!r "p4 ,ea* atom ( ! ,holy ,_s is intellig5t1 & l all o!r matt] has solidity1 =m1 & size4 ,x is because ea* acts 9 ! mo/ p]fect unison ) all ! re/ t ! :ole is consid]$ "o ,holy ,_s4 ,all ^! innum]able atoms are consid]$ "o ,holy ,_s 9 ! same s5se t ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s are consid]$ "o ,god4 ,! imm5se numb] ( atoms1 ?\gh ea* is all-wise & all-p[]ful1 is1 by virtue ( _! p]fect concord & agreem5t1 b "o ,holy ,_s1 ! same z ! intellig5t p>ticles ( a man's _s are1 by _! peculi> union1 b "o human _s4 ,_! unity or on5ess does n consi/ 9 t inexplicable1 incompreh5sible1 imag9>y some?+ )\t ext5sion or p>ts1 z taught 9 ! fir/ ( ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 b x consi/s 9 a unity or on5ess ( wisdom1 p[]1 & glory1 ea* "p p]=m+ its own spl5did works & op]ations 9 union ) ! m9d & w ( e o!r "p4 ,no "o "p c p]=m any "w b :at is ! m9d ( ! :ole4 ,!re=e1 9 ?is s5se x is ! same m9d--! same w--! same wisdom t p]vades ! :ole4 ,mr4 ,tayld]1 9 ord] to e/abli% 8 views ( a god )\t p>ts1 quotes f ! !ological works ( a v celebrat$ writ] on ! omnipres5ce ( ,god1 :i* reads z foll[s3-- ,! ess5tial pres5ce is )\t any division ( himself4 ,i fill heav5 & e>?1 n "p 9 heav5 & "p 9 e>?3 ,i fill "o z well z ! o!r4 ,"o "p ( 8 ess5ce is n 9 "o place1 & ano!r "p ( 8 ess5ce 9 ano!r place2 he w\ld !n be *angeable1 = t "p ( 8 ess5ce :i* 0 n[ 9 ?is place he might alt] to ano!r1 & place t "p ( 8 ess5ce :i* 7 9 ano!r place to ?is2 b he is undivid$ ev]y:]e4 ,x is impossible t "o "p ( 8 ess5ce c be sep>at$ f ano!r3 = he is n a body1 to h "o "p sep>able f ano!r4 ,! light ( ! sun _c be cut into p>ts2 x _c be %ut into any place1 & kept !re2 x is entire 9 e place3 %all n ,god1 :o gives ! light t p[]1 be mu* m pres5t himself8 ,:atsoev] ha? p>ts is f9ite1 b ,god is inf9ite2 !re=e1 ha? no p>ts ( 8 ess5ce4 ,besides1 if !re 7 su* a division ( 8 be+1 he w\ld n be ! mo/ simple & uncomp\nd$ be+1 b w\ld be made up ( v>i\s p>ts2 he w\ld n be a _s1 = p>ts are evid5ces ( composition1 & x c\ld n be said t ,god is "h or !re1 b only a "p ( ,god is "h & a "p ( ,god is !re4 ,b he fills heav5 & e>?2 he is z mu* a ,god 9 ! e>? b5ea? z he is 9 heav5 above4 ',! ,"l he is ,god 9 heav5 above & ^u ! e>? b5ea?2 !re is none else4'--,deut4 iv4 #ci4 ,entirely 9 all places1 n by scraps & fragm5ts ( 8 ess5ce4 7,*>nock on ! ,omnipres5ce ( ,god47 ,( all ! absurdities ev] imag9$ up by mortal man 9 relation to ,god1 ! above caps ! climax4 ,"o "p ( 8 ess5ce1 says ,*>nock1 is n 9 "o place & ano!r "p ( 8 ess5ce 9 ano!r place4 ,h[ does he exi/8 ,accord+ to ?is !ologian1 ! :ole ( ! ess5ce ( ,god entire mu/ exi/ 9 e place4 ,! :ole ( 8 ess5ce1 n a "p1 mu/ exi/ 9 e cubic in* ( space4 ,9 "o cubic foot ( space1 accord+ to ,*>nock1 !re w\ld be sev5te5 hundr$ & tw5ty eight cubic in*es1 ea* conta9+ ! :ole ( ! ess5ce ( ,god4 ,z ea* cubic in* ( space is susceptible ( be+ divid$ into an inf9ite numb] ( fractional spaces1 ea* fractional space mu/ conta9 ! :ole ( ! ess5ce ( ,god2 h5ce ! :ole ( 8 ess5ce w\ld be repeat$ an inf9ite numb] ( times 9 e cubic in*4 ,!re=e1 if ! :ole ( ! ess5ce ( ,god con/itutes ,god1 we %all h an inf9ite numb] ( gods 9 e cubic in* ( space4 ,b ! absurdity does n /op "h4 ,*>nock admits ! omnipres5ce ( ,god2 he supposes 8 ess5ce to fill ! inf9ity ( space4 ,n[ ! :ole ( ?is inf9itely ext5d$ ess5ce mu/ exi/ 9 ! smalle/ fractional space t c be imag9$1 & mu/ be repeat$ an inf9ite numb] ( times 9 all f9ite spaces1 9 ord] t ! :ole ( 8 ess5ce may be 9 e possible space4 ,x is impossible1 says ,*>nock1 t "o "p ( 8 ess5ce c be sep>at$ f ano!r4 ,b1 we ask1 are n ! diff]5t p>ts ( space sep>at$ f ea* o!r8 ,& if he fills all space1 !n 8 ess5ce t is 9 "o "p ( space mu/ be sep>ate f 8 ess5ce 9 ano!r "p ( space4 ,if ! :ole ( 8 ess5ce occupies a cubic foot ( space on ! e>?1 & ! :ole ( 8 ess5ce occupies ano!r cubic foot ( space at ! di/ance ( ! sun1 h[ is x t ^! ess5ces at ?is great di/ance are n sep>ate f ea* o!r8 ,b does n e s*ool-boy "k t ! :ole ( any ess5ce _c be 9 two sep>ate places at ! same in/ant8 ,& does n e "o "k t ! :ole ( an ess5ce1 inf9itely ext5d$1 _c possibly exi/ 9 a f9ite space4 ,*>nock endeav\rs to illu/rate 8 absurdities by ref]r+ to ! rays ( light4 ,! light ( ! sun1 he says1 _c be cut into p>ts1--x is entire 9 e place4 ,:at does ?is great !ologian mean by ?is8 ,does he mean t ! light ( ! sun is )\t p>ts l 8 god8 or t ! :ole light ( ! sun is 9 e place8 ,does ! :ole light ( ! sun ent] our eyes or only a "p ( 8 rays8 ,if ! :ole light ( ! sun is entire 9 e place1 !n ! int5sity ( 8 light mu/ be equal 9 all places4 ,if ?is be ! case1 philosoph]s mu/ be entirely mi/ak51 = !y say t light v>ies 9 int5sity inv]sely z ! squ>e ( ! di/ance f ! lum9\s body2 !y in=m u t a body situat$ at twice or ?ree times ! di/ance ( ! e>? f ! sun w enjoy only "o-f\r? or "o-n9? ( ! am\nt ( light t we enjoy2 b h[ c\ld ?is be possible1 if ! :ole light ( ! sun1 in/ead ( "p1 is entire 9 e place8 ,x takes light ov] eight m9utes to come f ! sun to ! e>?4 ,*>nock says1 ,! light ( ! sun _c be cut into p>ts4 ,?is is n true2 = if an opaque body1 "o million ( miles 9 diamet]1 7 to be plac$ at any giv5 in/ant half way betwe5 ! e>? & sun1 ! light ( ! sun w\ld /ill cont9ue to be se5 = upw>ds ( f\r m9utes aft] ! int]v5tion ( ?is body4 ,! rays ( light betwe5 ! e>? & ! opaque body w\ld be entirely cut (f f ! rays on ! opposite side ( ! body4 ,x matt]s n :e!r ! corpuscul> or ! undulatory !ory ( light be adopt$--:e!r ! p>ticles ( light emanate f ! sun or m]ely vibrate2 ea* atom is sep>ate f e o!r atom1 & ea* is only a "p ( ! great :ole4 ,an inf9ite numb] ( p>ts ent] into ! va/ assemblage ( lum9\s atoms4 ,light radiates f ! sun 9 all directions1 & fills ! surr\nd+ spaces by a "p be+ 9 "o space & a "p 9 ano!r1 & n1 l ,mr4 ,*>nock's god1 ! :ole be+ repeat$ 9 e "p ( space4 ,t "p ( ! ess5ce ( light :i* is 9 "o place1 _c by any possibility be 9 any o!r place at ! same in/ant4 ,9 "o s5se x may be said to be "o light1 or ! same light1 because ! prop]ties are alike4 ,ea* p>ticle is a di/9ct1 sep>ate ess5ce f e o!r p>ticle1 b ! qualities ( ea* are alike or simil>4 ,!re=e1 9 ?is s5se we may speak ( ! light ( ! sun z "o light1 ?\gh x possesses an inf9ite numb] ( p>ts1 ! same z we speak ( ,god be+ "o ,god1 ?\gh ! p>ts ( 8 ess5ce are inf9ite 9 numb]4 ,mr4 ,*>nock says1 ,:atsoev] ha? p>ts is f9ite1 b ,god is inf9ite1 &1 !re=e1 ha? n p>ts ( 8 ess5ce4 ,space likewise is inf9ite1 & !re=e1 accord+ to ?is g5tleman's logic1 x c h no p>ts4 ,duration is inf9ite1 &1 !re=e1 x also mu/ be )\t p>ts4 ,:at w\ld a cubic in* ( space be8 ,any man t 0 n insane w\ld at once say t x is a "p ( space4 ,!re=e1 if an inf9ite space or an inf9ite duration c h p>ts1 :y n an inf9ite ess5ce h p>ts8 ,! ,"l he is ,god 9 heav5 above & ^u ! e>? b5ea?2 !re is none else4--,deut4 iv4 #ci4 ,su* a passage :5 ref]r+ to ! p]son ( ,god1 %\ld be und]/ood ! same z we w\ld und]/& a simil> expression conc]n+ any e>?ly rul]3 = in/ance1 x c be said ( h] ,maje/y1 %e is que5 9 ,great ,brita9 & also 9 ,canada1 & !re is none else2 t is1 !re is none else t is que5 9 ^! two places4 ,?is w\ld h no ref]5ce to h] p]son be+ 9 ^! two places at ! same "t2 x only %[s t %e %\ld be ! only ackn[l$g$ que5 9 ^! two places4 ,b :5 ,god says1 ,i fill heav5 & e>?1 he has ref]5ce to 8 ,holy ,_s1 a "p ( :i* fills heav51 & ano!r "p fills ! e>?4 ,t "p :i* fills ! e>? has ! same wisdom1 k1 glory1 & p[] z ! "p t fills ! heav52 h5ce1 ?\gh di/9ct & sep>ate ess5ces1 _! p]fections & attributes are "o4 ,"o wisdom--"o glory--"o p[]1 p]vade e "p ( ?is glori\s ess5ce4 ,?is on5ess is su* t ! "p :i* fills ! e>? w nev] act contr>y to ! w ( ! "p :i* fills ! heav5s4 ,! ess5ce possesses a plurality ( p>ts1 b ! wisdom possesses no divisibility ( p>ts2 x is inf9ite wisdom 9 e "p4 ,wisdom _c be divid$ into p>ts any m ?an love1 hope1 joy1 or fe>4 ,a tru? is id5tically ! same tru? :e!r possess$ by "o or a million ( p]sons1 & is n susceptible ( be+ divid$ into fractions4 ,! ,holy ,_s is call$ ,! ,_s ( ,tru?4 ,?\gh ! ess5ce t possesses ?is tru? may be divid$ into an inf9ite numb] ( p>ts1 occupy+ an inf9ite numb] ( sep>ate spaces1 yet ! tru? t p]vades !m all is ,,"o tru?4 ,x is ! indivisibility & unity ( ^! p]fections or qualities t con/itute ! on5ess ( ! ,godhead4 #c4--,mr4 ,tayld] supposes my ass]tion t !re is no su* ?+ z moral image1 to be unscriptural1 & t x d5ies 9 "s respects ! moral p]fections ( ! ,godhead4 7,tayld]'s ,tract1 page #cc47 ,we /ill ma9ta9 t !re _c be any su* ?+ z moral image indep5d5tly ( an ess5ce or sub/ance to :i* x belongs4 ,& ?is is ! only s5se :i* we int5d$ to convey 9 our tract on ! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god4 ,inde$1 x is !re expressly said1 t ,morality is a prop]ty ( "s be+ or sub/ance4 ,a prop]ty )\t a sub/ance or be+ to :i* x app]ta9s is inconceivable4 ,a prop]ty c nev] h figure1 %ape1 or image ( any k9d4 ,?is is a tru? admitt$ by all philosoph]s4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton 9 ! ,s*olium1 at ! end ( ! pr9cipia1 9 speak+ ( ,god says1 ,he is omnipres5t1 n by means ( 8 virtue alone1 b also by 8 sub/ance1 = virtue _c subsi/ )\t sub/ance4 ,virtue or morality _c subsi/ )\t sub/ance2 h5ce x c h no image )\t sub/ance4 ,sub/ance alone c h an image4 ,su* an image may h ! prop]ty ( virtue1 or ( morality1 & by reason ( ?is prop]ty may be call$ a virtu\s image1 or a moral image4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se alone t ! apo/le ,paul applies ! t]m image to ! new man4 ,ye h put on ! new man1 :i* is r5ew$ 9 k1 aft] ! image ( him t creat$ him4 ,col4 iii4 #aj4 ,ye h put on ! new man1 :i* aft] ,god is creat$ 9 righte\sness & true hol9ess4 ,eph4 iv4 #bd4 ,n[ :at is ?is new man8 ,x is ! _s ( man r5ew$ 9 its prop]ties1 b n *ang$ 9 its sub/ance or ess5ce4 ,?is sub/ance previ\sly to ! r5ewal ( its qualities 0 immoral1 aft] ! r5ewal x became moral or virtu\s1 possess+ ! same quality 9 a degree z ! sub/ance or image ( ! ,deity4 ,! sub/ance ( ! ,deity may be t]m$ a moral sub/ance or image1 ! same z ! sub/ance ( gold is call$ a yell[ sub/ance1 or yell[ image1 if x resembles a p]son4 ,! yell[ness ( gold c\ld n be an image indep5d5tly ( ! sub/ance1 nei!r c\ld ! morality ( ! ,deity be an image indep5d5tly ( 8 ess5ce4 ,! spiritual sub/ance ( man 0 =m$ 9 ! beg9n+ aft] ! same image z ! spiritual sub/ance ( ! p]sons ( ! ,fa!r & ,son4 ,previ\sly to ! fall ^! spirits 7 all moral 9 _! nature2 by ! fall ! spirits ( m5 lo/ _! morality & virtue1 b n _! ess5ce--t cont9u$ ! same2 by ! new bir? man rega9s 8 morality & virtue1 :ile ! ess5ce rema9s ! same2 x n[ becomes a moral virtu\s image1 :]eas ! same sub/ance 0 be=e immoral4 ,paul1 9 speak+ ( ! resurrection1 says1 ,z we h borne ! image ( ! e>?ly1 we %all also be> ! image ( ! heav5ly4 ,i ,cor4 xv4 #di4 ,?is _c mean a heav5ly image )\t sub/ance2 = :5 man rises f ! dead1 he c]ta9ly w rise ) fle% & bones4 ,! immortal bodies ( ! sa9ts :5 !y rise f ! grave w be fa%ion$1 z ,paul says1 l unto ! glori\s body ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,z ,jesus asc5d$ into heav5 ) a body ( fle% & bones1 s w 8 sa9ts be> ! same image1 hav+ fle% & bones aft] ! image ( ! heav5ly4 ,t ^! glori\s bodies ( immortal fle% & immortal bones w be moral images1 9 ! s5se above /at$1 !re is no d\bt4 ,b su* a ?+ z a moral image 9 ! s5se t ! immat]iali/s use ! t]m1 is a cle> impossibility4 ,su* an image1 z we rem>k$ 9 our treatise on ! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god1 nev] c & nev] w h an exi/5ce only 9 ! bra9s ( mod]n idolat]s4 #d4--,mr4 ,tayld] falsely accuses u ( d5y+ ! p]sonality ( ea* p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity1 mak+ ea* to be only a "p 9 ! ,godhead4 7,tayld]'s ,tract1 page #cd47 ,?is au?or v well kn[s t ! p]sonalities 9 ! godhead are n d5i$ by u4 ,x w be se5 on ! v pages to :i* he has s frequ5tly ref]r$1 t we believe ! ,fa!r & ,son to be two sep>ate di/9ct p]sonages1 z mu* s z fa!rs & sons ( ! human race2 x w !re be se5 t we also believe ! ,holy _s to be a sep>ate di/9ct sub/ance f ! two sub/ances ( ! ,fa!r & ,son4 ,t all may see t ?is au?or has wrongfully accus$ u ( d5y+ ! p]sonality ( ea* p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity1 we make ! foll[+ extract f our treatise on ! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god4 ,! ,godhead consi/s ( ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,! ,fa!r is a mat]ial be+4 ,! sub/ance ( :i* he is compos$ is :olly mat]ial4 ,x is a sub/ance widely diff]5t 9 "s respects f ! v>i\s sub/ances ) :i* we are m imm$iately acqua9t$4 ,9 o!r respects x is precisely l all o!r mat]ials4 ,! sub/ance ( 8 p]son occupies space ! same z o!r matt]4 ,x has solidity1 l5g?1 bread?1 & ?ickness1 l all o!r matt]4 ,! elem5t>y mat]ials ( 8 body are n susceptible ( occupy+1 at ! same "t1 ! same id5tical space ) o!r matt]4 ,! sub/ance ( 8 p]son1 l o!r matt]1 _c be 9 two places at ! same in/ant4 ,x also requires "t = him to transport himself f place to place4 ,x matt]s n h[ great ! velocity ( 8 movem5ts1 "t is an ess5tial +r$i5t to all motion1 :e!r rapid or sl[4 ,x diff]s f o!r matt] 9 ! sup]iority ( its p[]s1 be+ intellig5t1 all-wise1 & possess+ ! p[] ( self-motion to a f> great] ext5t ?an ! co>s] mat]ials ( nature4 ,god is a _s4 ,b t does n make him an immat]ial be+--a be+ t has no prop]ties 9 common ) matt]4 ,! expression1 an immat]ial be+1 is a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,immat]iality is only ano!r "n = no?+4 ,x is ! negative ( all exi/5ce4 ,a _s is z mu* matt] z oxyg5 or hydrog54 ,x has _m prop]ties 9 common ) all o!r matt]4 ,*emi/s h discov]$ betwe5 fifty & sixty k9ds ( matt]2 & ea* k9d has "s prop]ties 9 common ) all o!r matt]1 & "s prop]ties peculi> to itself :i* ! o!rs d n inh]it4 ,n[1 no *emi/ 9 classify+ 8 sub/ances w\ld presume to say1 ?is sub/ance is mat]ial1 b t "o is immat]ial1 because x diff]s 9 "s respects f ! fir/4 ,he w\ld call !m all mat]ial1 ?\gh !y 9 "s respects diff]$ widely4 ,s ! sub/ance call$ _s is mat]ial1 ?\gh x diff]s 9 a rem>kable degree f o!r sub/ances4 ,x is only ! addition ( ano!r elem5t ( a m p[]ful nature ?an any yet discov]$4 ,he is n a be+ )\t p>ts1 z mod]n idolators tea*2 = e :ole is made up ( p>ts4 ,! :ole p]son ( ! ,fa!r consi/s ( innum]able p>ts2 & ea* "p is s situat$ z to be> c]ta9 relations ( di/ance to e o!r "p4 ,!re mu/ also be1 to a c]ta9 degree1 a fre$om ( motion among ^! p>ts1 :i* is an ess5tial condition to ! movem5ts ( 8 limbs1 )\t :i* he c\ld only move z a :ole4 ,all ! =ego+ /atem5ts 9 relation to ! p]son ( ! ,fa!r1 are equally applicable to ! p]son ( ! ,son4 ,! ,holy ,_s be+ "o "p ( ! ,godhead1 is also a mat]ial sub/ance1 ( ! same nature & prop]ties 9 _m respects1 z ! spirits ( ! ,fa!r & ,son4 ,x exi/s 9 va/ immeasurable quantities1 9 connexion ) all mat]ial worlds4 ,?is is call$ ,god 9 ! ,scriptures1 z well z ! ,fa!r & ,son4 ,god ! ,fa!r & ,god ! ,son _c be ev]y:]e pres5t2 inde$ !y _c be ev5 9 two places at ! same in/ant3 b ,god ! ,holy ,_s is omnipres5t--x ext5ds ?r\gh all space1 int]m+l+ ) all o!r matt]1 yet no "o atom ( ! ,holy ,_s c be 9 two places at ! same in/ant1 :i* 9 all cases is an absolute impossibility4 ,x mu/ exi/ 9 inexhau/ible quantities1 :i* is ! only possible way = any sub/ance to be omnipres5t4 ,all ! innum]able ph5om5a ( univ]sal nature are produc$ 9 _! orig9 by ! actual pres5ce ( ?is intellig5t all-wise & all-p[]ful mat]ial sub/ance call$ ! ,holy ,_s4 ,x is ! mo/ active matt] 9 ! univ]se1 produc+ all its op]ations accord+ to fix$ & def9ite laws enact$ by itself1 9 conjuction ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,:at are call$ ! laws ( nature are no?+ m nor less ?an ! fix$ me?od by :i* ?is spiritual matt] op]ates4 ,ea* atom ( ! ,holy ,_s is intellig5t1 & l o!r matt] has solidity1 =m1 & size1 & occupies space4 ,two atoms ( ?is _s _c occupy ! same space at ! same "t4 ,9 all ^! respects x does n diff] 9 ! lea/ f all o!r matt]4 ,its di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics f o!r matt] are its almighty p[]s & inf9ite wisdom1 & _m o!r glori\s attributes :i* o!r mat]ials d n possess4 ,if sev]al ( ! atoms ( ?is ,_s %\ld exi/ unit$ toge!r 9 ! =m ( a p]son1 !n ?is p]son ( ! ,holy ,_s w\ld be subject to ! same necessity z ! o!r two p]sons ( ! ,godhead1 t is1 x c\ld n be ev]y:]e pres5t4 ,no f9ite numb] ( atoms c be omnipres5t4 ,an inf9ite numb] ( atoms is requisite to be ev]y:]e 9 inf9ite space4 ,two p]sons receiv+ ! gift ( ! ,holy _s1 d n ea* receive at ! same "t ! same id5tical p>ticles1 ?\gh !y ea* receive a sub/ance exactly simil> 9 k9d4 ,x w\ld be z impossible = ea* to receive ! same id5tical atoms at ! same in/ant1 z x w\ld be = two m5 at ! same "t to dr9k ! same id5tical p9t ( wat]4 7,k+dom ( ,god4 ,"p ,i1 page #d47 ,f ?is extract x w be p]ceiv$ t ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s1 are believ$ by u to be ?ree di/9ct mat]ial sub/ances1 ! same 9 k9d1 b n ! same 9 id5tity4 ,! p]son ( ! ,fa!r is a body ( ,_s1 consi/+ ( p>ts4 ,mr4 ,tayld] enquires1 ,:at does ! au?or mean by '! elem5t>y mat]ials ( 8 body8' ,is 8 body a comp\nd$ sub/ance1 capable ( be+ r$uc$ to orig9al & simple elem5ts8 ,we answ] t ! elem5ts ( 8 body are ! diff]5t p>ts ( :i* x consi/s4 ,! :ole1 be+ comp\nd$ ( elem5t>y p>ts4 ,! ,godhead may be fur!r illu/rat$ by a c\ncil1 consi/+ ( ?ree m5--all possess+ equal wisdom1 k1 & tru?1 toge!r ) equal qualifications 9 e o!r respect4 ,ea* p]son w\ld be a sep>ate di/9ct p]son or sub/ance f ! o!r two1 & yet ! ?ree w\ld =m b ,,"o c\ncil4 ,ea* alone possesses1 by supposition1 ! same wisdom & tru? t ! ?ree unit$ or ! ,,"o c\ncil possesses4 ,! union ( ! ?ree m5 9 "o c\ncil w\ld n increase ! k or wisdom ( ei!r4 ,ea* man w\ld be "o "p ( ! c\ncil :5 ref]5ce is made to 8 p]son2 b ! wisdom & tru? ( ea* man w\ld be ! :ole wisdom & tru? ( ! c\ncil1 & n a "p4 ,if x 7 possible to divide tru?1 & o!r qualities ( a simil> nature into fractions1 s t ! ,fa!r %\ld h ! ?ird "p ( tru?1 ! ?ird "p ( wisdom1 ! ?ird "p ( k1 ! ?ird "p ( love1 :ile ! ,son & ! ,holy ,_s possess$ ! o!r two-?irds ( ^! qualities or affections1 !n nei!r ( ^! p]sons c\ld make "o ,god1 b only a "p ( a ,god4 ,b because ! divisibility ( wisdom1 tru?1 or love is impossible1 ! :ole ( ^! qualities dwell 9 ! ,fa!r--! :ole dwells 9 ! ,son--! :ole is possess$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,! ,holy ,_s is "o "p ( ! ,godhead 9 ess5ce2 ! :ole ( ,god 9 wisdom1 tru?1 & o!r simil> qualities4 ,if a tru? c\ld become ?ree tru?s1 di/9ct f ea* o!r1 by dwell+ 9 ?ree p]sons or sub/ances1 !n !re w\ld be ?ree ,gods in/ead ( "o4 ,b z x is1 ! ,tr9ity is ?ree 9 ess5ce b "o 9 tru? & o!r simil> pr9ciples4 ,! on5ess ( ! ,godhead1 z describ$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 nev] 0 int5d$ to apply to ! ess5ce1 b only to ! p]fections & o!r attributes4 ,if ! ,fa!r possess inf9ite wisdom & k1 :y1 "s may ask1 c he n get along ) 8 "w )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,son & ,holy ,_s8 ,we answ]1 ! ,son is necess>y to reconcile fall5 man to ! ,fa!r3 ! ,holy ,_s is necess>y to sanctify & purify ! affections ( m51 & also to dwell 9 !m z a tea*] ( tru?4 ,imm5se quantities ( ?is sub/ance are also necess>y 9 ord] to be pres5t 9 connexion ) all o!r sub/ances1 to control & gov]n !m accord+ to fix$ & def9ite laws t good ord] & h>mony may obta9 9 e dep>tm5t ( ! univ]se4 ,! ,fa!r & ,son gov]n ! imm5sity ( creation1 n by _! own actual pres5ce1 b by ! actual pres5ce ( ! ,_s4 ,! union ( ! ?ree does n give any additional wisdom & k to ei!r1 b by ! union1 !y are able to c>ry on c]ta9 works :i* c\ld n be c>ri$ on by "o s+ly4 ,"o s+ly1 z = in/ance ! ,fa!r1 c\ld h p[] to d all ?+s n inconsi/5t ) 8 p]fections & attributes1 t is1 he c\ld act :]e he 0 pres5t1 b )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,holy ,_s or "s o!r be+1 he be+ a p]son1 c\ld n act :]e he is n pres5t4 ,by ! union ( ! ?ree1 ea* is able to act 9 all places ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( ! o!rs4 ,! p]sons ( ! ,fa!r & ,son c be 9 heav51 & yet1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! _s1 act ^u ! e>?4 ,an omnipres5t p]son is impossible1 b an omnipres5t sub/ance1 diffus$ ?r\gh space1 is n only consi/5t1 b reasonable4 ,p]sons ?r\gh ! m$ium ( su* an all-wise & all-p[]ful sub/ance1 c ex]cise ,almighty p[]1 at ! same "t 9 ! mo/ di/ant dep>tm5ts ( creation4 ,)\t su* a sub/ance ) :i* !y 7 9 union1 !y c\ld n c>ry on ! gr& & p[]ful op]ations ( univ]sal nature2 = no sub/ance c act :]e x is n pres5t4 ,p]haps ! objector may ref] to matt] attract+ matt] z a pro( t x c act :]e x is n pres5t4 ,b we are bold to affirm t su* a ?+ z attraction _c possibly exi/4 ,= matt] to draw di/ant matt] t[>ds itself1 & consequ5tly act :]e x is n pres5t1 w\ld be z utt]ly impossible z x w\ld be = a p]son to be 9 two or m places at ! same "t4 ,all ! ph5om5a ( univ]sal gravitation c be acc\nt$ = ^u pr9ciples inf9itely m simple & consi/5t1 ?an to ascribe to matt] ! impossible p[] ( act+ :]e x is n pres5t4 ,! au?or may1 at "s future "t1 give 8 views ) reg>d to ! p[]s ( nature1 & ! laws by :i* x is gov]n$4 ,b to ent] 9 ?is "w into a full developm5t ( our !ory 9 relation to ^? intricate ?\gh sublime subjects1 w\ld be a digression =eign to ! objects we h 9 view 9 ?is treatise4 ,no d\bt _m app>5t objections to our views ( ! ,godhead w arise 9 ! m9ds ( _m :o nave be5 traditionat$ 9 ! absurd doctr9es ( immat]ialism4 ,n long s9ce a s]ies ( que/ions 7 prop\nd$ to ! ,latt]-day ,sa9ts by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,au/91 a ,roman ,ca?olic m9i/]1 a few ( :i*1 relat+ to ! nature ( ,god1 we ins]t "h toge!r ) our answ]s4 7,! :ole s]ies ( que/ions1 toge!r ) ! answ]s1 w be publi%$ 9 ! ,mill5ial ,/>47 ,"q4--,if ! ,god ( ! ,mormonites be l a man 9 figure1 we mu/ suppose ! organs ( ! s5ses to h ! same uses1 & to be dep5d5t on ! same s\rces = in=mation2 8 e>s1 9 consequ5ce1 = he>+ mu/ be dep5d5t on ! transmission ( s\nd4 ,h[1 !n1 c he he> 8 p pray+ to him 9 ,europe :5 he is 9 ,am]ica8 ,answ]4--,because ! figure ( two sub/ances are alike1 t is no evid5ce t ! qualities ( ! two sub/ances are alike4 ,a wax figure may be 9 ! %ape ( a man1 & yet1 we all "k1 t x has n ! qualities ( a man4 ,a wise man may h ! figure ( a fooli% man1 & yet be f> sup]ior to him 9 ! qualities ( wisdom1 k & und]/&+4 ,god may h ! figure ( a man1 & yet h _m qualities & susceptibilities :i* man has n got4 ,! resemblance ( figure1 !n1 has no?+ to d1 z to :e!r o!r qualities %all be alike or unlike4 ,! spiritual body ( ! ,deity is altoge!r a diff]5t k9d ( sub/ance f ! fle%ly body ( man1 yet !y may resemble ea* o!r 9 figure4 ,! sub/ances are entirely diff]5t1 !re=e1 ?\gh ! figures %\ld resemble ea* o!r1 ?is is no evid5ce t all ! qualities mu/ be alike4 ,! e> ( ! fle%ly body may be affect$ by ! vibrations ( our atmosph]e2 ! e> ( a spiritual body may be affect$ 9 an entirely diff]5t mann]1 & yet _! figures may resemble ea* o!r4 ,! e> ( ! fle%ly body may be affect$ by ! vibrations ( _m ela/ic sub/ances besides ! atmosph]e4 ,s\nd is convey$ ?r\gh v>i\s m$iums ) diff]5t degrees ( velocity4 ,! e> ( ! spiritual body may be affect$1 n only by ! atmosph]e & o!r ela/ic m$iums :i* affect ! e> ( fle%1 b x also may be affect$ by a va/ numb] ( o!r m subtle & ref9$ m$iums1 :i* may transf] s\nd ) a velocity imm5sely sup]ior to any motion ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,a ref9$ m$ium :i* w\ld convey s\nd ) no great] velocity ?an t ( light1 w\ld c>ry in=mation f ,europe to ,am]ica 9 less ?an ! sixtie? "p ( a second4 ,b if ,god =ekn[s all ?+s1 he mu/ h =ekn[n all ab\t our pray]s millions ( ages be=e we 7 born1 & mu/ also h =ekn[n ! precise "t :5 we w\ld pray1 & ! k9d ( _s or feel+1 & ! degree ( fai? t w\ld accompany ea* pray]2 & if he knew all ^! ?+s be=e !y come to pass1 he mu/ c]ta9ly "k !m ! mom5t !y d come to pass2 &1 !re=e1 ) a =ekn[l$ge ( all ?+s1 !re w\ld be no necessity = 8 receiv+ in=mation ( our pray]s by ! transmission ( s\nd2 he w\ld "k & und]/& our pray]s ! mom5t !y 7 (f]$ up1 ! same z he knew !m & und]/ood !m 9 ages be=e !y 7 (f]$ up4 ,he t =m$ ! e> %all he n he>4 ,because ,god kn[s ! nature ( music1 t is no reason :y he may n rejoice 9 he>+ music4 ,"o use1 !n1 ( ! e>s ( 8 spiritual body is1 no d\bt1 to he> & rejoice 9 delightful music1 n t x increases 8 k1 b x is joyful to 8 e>4 ,! e> ( man s]ves a d\ble purpose2 x is n only a m$ium ( in=mation1 b a m$ium ( s\nds t are delightful to ! m9d4 ,! e> ( ! ,"l may be delight$ ) s\nds1 ?\gh he receive no additional k by ^? s\nds4 ,"q--,if he be l man1 8 legs mu/ be ! organs ( motion2 if n1 :at purpose d !y s]ve8 ,if !y are1 are !y good = walk+ ?r\gh ! air z well z on l&8 ,or has he w+s1 or h[8 or "s organ ( motion we h n got8 ,& if we h n sot ?is organ1 h[ c we be creat$ to 8 image & lik5ess1 suppos+ ! resemblance 9 e ?+8 ,answ]4--,! resemblance betwe5 man & ,god has ref]5ce1 z we h already obs]v$1 to ! %ape or figure2 o!r qualities may or may n resemble ea* o!r4 ,man has legs1 s has ,god1 z is evid5t f 8 appe>ance to ,abraham4 ,man walks ) 8 legs1 s does ,god sometimes1 z is evid5t f 8 go+ ) ,abraham t[>ds ,sodom4 ,god c n only walk1 b he c move up or d[n ?r\gh ! air )\t us+ 8 legs z 9 ! process ( walk+4 7,see ,g54 xvii4 #bb2 also xi4 #e2 also xxxv4 #ac47--;,a man wre/l$ ) ,jacob until ! break+ ( day2 aft] :i*1 ,jacob says--,i h se5 ,god face to face1 & my life is pres]v$4--,g54 xxxii4 #bd-cj4 ,t ?is p]son _h legs is evid5t f 8 wre/l+ ) ,jacob4 ,8 image & lik5ess 0 s mu* l man's1 t ,jacob at fir/ suppos$ him to be a man4--7,see #bd? v]se47 ,god1 ?\gh 9 ! figure ( a man1 has _m p[]s t man has n got4 ,he c g upw>ds ?r\gh ! air4 ,he c waft himself f _w to _w by 8 own self-mov+ p[]s4 ,^! are p[]s n possess$ by man only ?r\gh fai?1 z 9 ! in/ances ( ,eno* & ,elijah4 ,!re=e1 ?\gh 9 ! figure ( a man1 he has p[]s f> sup]ior to man4 ,"q--,:5 ,god appe>s surr\nd$ ) glory1 is ?is glory ess5tial to him or n8 ,if ess5tial1 h[ c he lay x aside1 z he seems to h done :5 he appe>$ to ,abraham8 ,if 8 appe>+ s does n prove x ess5tial1 h[ does 8 appe>ance 9 ! =m ( a man prove t =m ess5tial to him8 ,answ]--,! glory ( ,god is ess5tial to him "u all circum/ances1 :e!r 8 p]son is visible or invisible--:e!r man is p]mitt$ to behold t glory or n4 ,he nev] lays aside 8 glory1 ?\gh he may n always r5d] x visible to mortals4 ,! ,god ( glory1 says ! m>tyr ,/eph51 appe>$ unto our fa!r ,abraham :5 he 0 9 ,mesopotamia1 be=e he dwelt 9 ,*>ran--,acts1 vii4 #b4 ,b because he %[$ ,abraham 8 p]son1 x did n necess>ily foll[ t he mu/ also %[ him 8 glory4 ,! p]son ( ,god is "o ?+1 & 8 glory is ano!r2 !y are insep>ably connect$4 ,he _c dive/ 8 p]son ( 8 glory1 nor lay x aside1 b he c hide 8 glory f ! gaze ( man1 or he c reveal x & 8 p]son also1 or he c reveal 8 p]son & n 8 glory4 ,! visibility or ! invisibility ( ! glory ( ,god does n r5d] x non-ess5tial to him4 ,! glory is j z ess5tial z 8 image & lik5ess1 & 8 image or lik5ess1 resembl+ t ( man's1 is z ess5tial z 8 glory--nei!r c be laid aside1 ?\gh "o or bo? may be r5d]$ visible or invisible4 ,"q4--,if 8 pres5ce d n ext5d beyond 8 size1 t is1 ! size ( a man1 h[ c\ld he divide ! wat]s ( ! sea--h[ c\ld he hold !m up8 ,if !y 7 a solid mass1 x might be conceiv$2 b all ! /r5g? 9 ! _w won't hold up wat]2 & x mu/ be rememb]$ t a p]son mu/ be pres5t :]e he acts4 ,answ]4--,he c\ld divide ! wat]s ( ! sea1 & hold !m up by ! actual pres5ce ( 8 ,holy ,_s :i* n only moves ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1 b is likewise 9 & ?r\gh ! wat]s1 gov]n+ !m & controll+ all ! elem5ts accord+ to ! m9d ( ,god4 ,x is ! actual pres5ce ( ?is ,_s t produces all ! ph5om5a ascrib$ to ! laws ( nature1 z well z _m ( ! deviations f ^? laws1 commonly call$ miracles2 x ext5ds1 l ! gold5 rays ( ! bright lum9>y ( heav51 ?r\gh all ext5t2 x spreads life & happ9ess ?r\gh all ! v>i$ species ( animat$ be+s1 & gilds ! />ry firmam5t ) a magnific5t spl5dor1 cele/ial1 immortal1 & et]nal4 #ae1 ,wilton ,/reet1 ,liv]pool1 ,july #ca/1 #ahdi4 ---- ,r4 ,james1 ,pr9t]1 #ci1 ,s\? ,ca/le ,/reet1 ,liv]pool4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,?is ebook aims to reproduce ! #ahdi ,liv]pool edition4 ,signature ,books v k9dly gave p]mission = ! ,mormon ,texts ,project to use ! text ( ,absurdities ( ,immat]ialism !y orig9ally publi%$ 9 ,! ,ess5tial ,orson ,pratt 7z made available on _! website7 z a basis = ?is "w4 ,?is text 0 comp>$ to scans ( ! pamphlet t ,google has helpfully made available4 ,! end ( ! pamphlet1 :i* 0 n 9 ! ,signature ,books text1 0 produc$ bas$ (f ! ,google scans1 & ! re/ ( ! text 0 c>efully comp>$ to ! scans & 9 a few cases edit$ to con=m m closely4 ,footnote citations 9 ! orig9al h be5 conv]t$ to p>5!tical =m to improve readability4 ,"s unmat*$ quotation m>ks h be5 correct$ 9 cases :]e ! correct placem5t c\ld be e/abli%$4 ,a few typographical errors 7wont = won't1 actua = actual7 h be5 correct$4