,transcriber's note3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 a signifies a with macron2 7a a with breve2 and so forth4 gh represents yogh1 99e the schwa4 ,a carat character is used to denote superscription3 a single character following the carat is superscripted 7example3 #do74 ,glossary covering the two texts in this volume4 ,see3 https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/ebooks_/#dc jig 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,ms4 ,,corp4 ,,chr4 ,,coll41 ,,cambridge4 ,troil4 iv4 #ege-ehh ,frontispiece9999 ,,the ,,complete ,,works ,,of ,,geoffrey ,,chaucer ,,edited1 ,,from ,,numerous ,,manuscripts ,,by ,,the ,,rev4 ,,walter ,w4 ,,skeat1 ,m4,a4 ,,litt4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ph4,d4 ,,elrington ,,and ,,bosworth ,,professor ,,of ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,and ,,fellow ,,of ,,christ',s ,,college1 ,,cambridge 99 99 ,,boethius ,,and ,,troilus ',adam scriveyn1 if ever it thee befalle ,boece or ,troilus to wryten newe1 ,under thy lokkes thou most have the scalle1 ,but after my making thou wryte trewe4' ,chaucers ,wordes unto ,adam4 ,,second ,,edition ,oxford ,,at ,,the ,,clarendon ,,press ,m ,,dcccc 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,oxford ,,printed ,,at ,,the ,,clarendon ,,press ,,by ,,horace ,,hart1 ,m4,a4 ,,printer ,,to ,,the ,,university 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,contents4 ,,page ,,introduction ,,to ,,boethius4-- #a4 ,date of the ,work4 #b4 ,boethius4 #c4 ,the ,consolation of ,philosophy2 and fate of its author4 #d4 ,jean de ,meun4 #e4 ,references by ,boethius to current events4 #f4 ,cassiodorus4 #g4 ,form of the ,treatise4 #h4 ,brief sketch of its general contents4 #i4 ,early translations4 #aj4 ,translation by lfred4 #aa4 ,,ms4 copy1 with ,a4,s4 glosses4 #ab4 ,chaucer's translation mentioned4 #ac4 ,walton's verse translation4 #ad4 ,specimen of the same4 #ae4 ,his translation of ,book ii4 met4 #e4 #af4 ,m4 ,e4 prose translation2 and others4 #ag4 ,chaucer's translation and le ,roman de la ,rose4 #ah4 ,chaucer's scholarship4 #ai4 ,chaucer's prose4 #bj4 ,some of his mistakes4 #ba4 ,other variations considered4 #bb4 ,imitations of ,boethius in ,chaucer's works4 #bc4 ,comparison with ',boece' of other works by ,chaucer4 #bd4 ,chronology of ,chaucer's works1 as illustrated by ',boece4' #be4 ,the ,manuscripts4 #bf4 ,the ,printed ,editions4 #bg4 ,the ,present ,edition vii ,,introduction ,,to ,,troilus4-- #a4 ,date of the ,work4 #b4 ,sources of the ,work2 ,boccaccio's ,filostrato4 #c1 #d4 ,other sources4 #e4 ,chaucer's share in it4 #f4 ,vagueness of reference to sources4 #g4 ,medieval note-books4 #h4 ,lollius4 #i4 ,guido delle ,colonne4 #aj4 ',trophee4' #aa1 #ab4 ,the same continued4 #ac-ag4 ,passages from ,guido4 #ah1 #ai4 ,dares1 ,dictys1 and ,benit de ,ste-,more4 #bj4 ,the names2 ,troilus1 c4 #ba4 ,roman de la ,rose4 #bb4 ,gest ,historiale4 #bc4 ,lydgate's ,siege of ,troye4 #bd4 ,henrysoun's ,testament of ,criseyde4 #be4 ,the ,,mss4 #bf4 ,the ,editions4 #bg4 ,the ,present ,edition4 #bh4 ,deficient lines4 #bi4 ,proverbs4 #cj4 ,kinaston's ,latin translation4 #ca4 ,sidnam's translation xlix ,,boethius ,,de ,,consolatione ,,philosophie #a ,,book ,i4 #a ,,book ,,ii4 #bc ,,book ,,iii4 #ea ,,book ,,iv4 #ib ,,book ,v4 #abf ,,troilus ,,and ,,criseyde #aec ,,book ,i4 #aec ,,book ,,ii4 #ahi ,,book ,,iii4 #bdd ,,book ,,iv4 #cjb ,,book ,v4 #ceg ,,notes ,,to ,,boethius #dai ,,notes ,,to ,,troilus #dfa ,,introduction ,,to ,,boethius4 #a4 ,,date ,,of ,,the ,,work4 ,in my introductory remarks to the ,legend of ,good ,women1 ,i refer to the close connection that is easily seen to subsist between ,chaucer's translation of ,boethius and his ,troilus and ,criseyde4 ,all critics seem now to agree in placing these two works in close conjunction1 and in making the prose work somewhat the earlier of the two2 though it is not at all unlikely that1 for a short time1 both works were in hand together4 ,it is also clear that they were completed before the author commenced the ,house of ,fame1 the date of which is1 almost certainly1 about #achc-d4 ,dr4 ,koch1 in his ,essay on the ,chronology of ,chaucer's ,writings1 proposes to date ',boethius' about #acgg-h1 and ',troilus' about #achj-a4 ,it is sufficient to be able to infer1 as we can with tolerable certainty1 that these two works belong to the period between #acgg and #achc4 ,and we may also feel sure that the well-known lines to ,adam1 beginning-- ',adam scriveyn1 if ever it thee befalle ,boece or ,troilus to wryten newe'-- were composed at the time when the fair copy of ,troilus had just been finished1 and may be dated1 without fear of mistake1 in #acha-c4 ,it is not likely that we shall be able to determine these dates within closer limits2 nor is it at all necessary that we should be able to do so4 ,a few further remarks upon this subject are given below4 #b4 ,,boethius4 ,before proceeding to remark upon ,chaucer's translation of ,boethius1 or 7as he calls him7 ,boece1 it is necessary to say a few words as to the original work1 and its author4 ,anicius ,manlius ,torquatus ,severinus ,boethius1 the most learned philosopher of his time1 was born at ,rome about ,a4 ,d4 #dhj1 and was put to death ,a4 ,d4 #ebd4 ,in his youth1 he had the advantage of a liberal training1 and enjoyed the rare privilege of being able to read the ,greek philosophers in their own tongue4 ,in the particular treatise which here most concerns us1 his ,greek quotations are mostly taken from ,plato1 and there are a few references to ,aristotle1 ,homer1 and to the ,andromache of ,euripides4 ,his extant works shew that he was well acquainted with geometry1 mechanics1 astronomy1 and music1 as well as with logic and theology2 and it is an interesting fact that an illustration of the way in which waves of sound are propagated through the air1 introduced by ,chaucer into his ,house of ,fame1 ll4 #ghh-hbb1 is almost certainly derived from the treatise of ,boethius ,de ,musica1 as pointed out in the note upon that passage4 ,at any rate1 there is an unequivocal reference to 'the felinge' of ,boece 'in musik' in the ,nonnes ,preestes ,tale1 ,b #ddhd4 #c4 ,the most important part of his political life was passed in the service of the celebrated ,theodoric the ,goth1 who1 after the defeat and death of ,odoacer1 ,a4 ,d4 #dic1 had made himself undisputed master of ,italy1 and had fixed the seat of his government in ,ravenna4 ,the usual account1 that ,boethius was twice married1 is now discredited1 there being no clear evidence with respect to ,elpis1 the name assigned to his supposed first wife2 but it is certain that he married ,rusticiana1 the daughter of the patrician ,symmachus1 a man of great influence and probity1 and much respected1 who had been consul under ,odoacer in #dhe4 ,boethius had the singular felicity of seeing his two sons1 ,boethius and ,symmachus1 raised to the consular dignity on the same day1 in #ebb4 ,after many years spent in indefatigable study and great public usefulness1 he fell under the suspicion of ,theodoric2 and1 notwithstanding an indignant denial of his supposed crimes1 was hurried away to ,pavia1 where he was imprisoned in a tower1 and denied the means of justifying his conduct4 ,the rest must be told in the eloquent words of ,gibbon#a4 ',while ,boethius1 oppressed with fetters1 expected each moment the sentence or the stroke of death1 he composed in the tower of ,pavia the ,consolation of ,philosophy2 a golden volume1 not unworthy of the leisure of ,plato or ,tully1 but which claims incomparable merit from the barbarism of the times and the situation of the author4 ,the celestial guide#b1 whom he had so long invoked at ,rome and at ,athens1 now condescended to illumine his dungeon1 to revive his courage1 and to pour into his wounds her salutary balm4 ,she taught him to compare his long prosperity and his recent distress1 and to conceive new hopes from the inconstancy of fortune#c4 ,reason had informed him of the precarious condition of her gifts2 experience had satisfied him of their real value#d2 he had enjoyed them without guilt2 he might resign them without a sigh1 and calmly disdain the impotent malice of his enemies1 who had left him happiness1 since they had left him virtue#e4 ,from the earth1 ,boethius ascended to heaven in search of the ,,supreme ,,good#f1 explored the metaphysical labyrinth of chance and destiny#g1 of prescience and freewill1 of time and eternity1 and generously attempted to reconcile the perfect attributes of the ,deity with the apparent disorders of his moral and physical government#h4 ,such topics of consolation1 so obvious1 so vague1 or so abstruse1 are ineffectual to subdue the feelings of human nature4 ,yet the sense of misfortune may be diverted by the labour of thought2 and the sage who could artfully combine1 in the same work1 the various riches of philosophy1 poetry1 and eloquence1 must already have possessed the intrepid calmness which he affected to seek4 ,suspense1 the worst of evils1 was at length determined by the ministers of death1 who executed1 and perhaps exceeded1 the inhuman mandate of ,theodoric4 ,a strong cord was fastened round the head of ,boethius1 and forcibly tightened till his eyes almost started from their sockets2 and some mercy may be discovered in the milder torture of beating him with clubs till he expired4 ,but his genius survived to diffuse a ray of knowledge over the darkest ages of the ,latin world2 the writings of the philosopher were translated by the most glorious of the ,english ,kings1 and the third emperor of the name of ,otho removed to a more honourable tomb the bones of a catholic saint1 who1 from his ,arian persecutors1 had acquired the honours of martyrdom and the fame of miracles4 ,in the last hours of ,boethius1 he derived some comfort from the safety of his two sons1 of his wife1 and of his father-in-law1 the venerable ,symmachus4 ,but the grief of ,symmachus was indiscreet1 and perhaps disrespectful2 he had presumed to lament1 he might dare to revenge1 the death of an injured friend4 ,he was dragged in chains from ,rome to the palace of ,ravenna2 and the suspicions of ,theodoric could only be appeased by the blood of an innocent and aged senator4' ,this deed of injustice brought small profit to its perpetrator2 for we read that ,theodoric's own death took place shortly afterwards2 and that1 on his death-bed1 'he expressed in broken murmurs to his physician ,elpidius1 his deep repentance for the murders of ,boethius and ,symmachus4' #d4 ,for further details1 ,i beg leave to refer the reader to the essay on ',boethius' by ,h4 ,f4 ,stewart1 published by ,w4 ,blackwood and ,sons1 ,edinburgh and ,london1 in #ahia4 ,we are chiefly concerned here with the ',consolation of ,philosophy1' a work which enjoyed great popularity in the middle ages1 and first influenced ,chaucer indirectly1 through the use of it made by ,jean de ,meun in the poem entitled ,le ,roman de la ,rose1 as well as directly1 at a later period1 through his own translation of it4 ,indeed1 ,i have little doubt that ,chaucer's attention was drawn to it when1 somewhat early in life1 he first perused with diligence that remarkable poem2 and that it was from the following passage that he probably drew the inference that it might be well for him to translate the whole work3-- ',ce puet l'en bien des clers enquerre ,qui ,boce de ,confort lisent1 ,et les sentences qui l gisent1 ,dont grans biens as gens laiz feroit ,qui bien le lor translateroit' 7ll4 #ejeb-f74 ,i4e4 in modern ,english3--',this can be easily ascertained from the learned men who read ,boece on the ,consolation of ,philosophy1 and the opinions which are found therein2 as to which1 any one who would well translate it for them would confer much benefit on the unlearned folk'3--a pretty strong hint#i6 #e4 ,the chief events in the life of ,boethius which are referred to in the present treatise are duly pointed out in the notes2 and it may be well to bear in mind that1 as to some of these1 nothing further is known beyond what the author himself tells us4 ,most of the personal references occur in ,book i4 ,prose #d1 ,book ii4 ,prose #c1 and in ,book iii4 ,prose #d4 ,in the first of these passages1 ,boethius recalls the manner in which he withstood one ,conigastus1 because he oppressed the poor 7l4 #dj72 and how he defeated the iniquities of ,triguilla1 'provost' 7prpositus7 of the royal household 7l4 #dc74 ,he takes credit for defending the people of ,campania against a particularly obnoxious fiscal measure instituted by ,theodoric1 which was called 'coemption' 7coemptio72 7l4 #ei47 ,this ,mr4 ,stewart describes as 'a fiscal measure which allowed the state to buy provisions for the army at something under market-price--which threatened to ruin the province4' ,he tells us that he rescued ,decius ,paulinus1 who had been consul in #dih1 from the rapacity of the officers of the royal palace 7l4 #fh72 and that1 in order to save ,decius ,albinus1 who had been consul in #dic1 from wrongful punishment1 he ran the risk of incurring the hate of the informer ,cyprian 7l4 #ge74 ,in these ways1 he had rendered himself odious to the court-party1 whom he had declined to bribe 7l4 #gi74 ,his accusers were ,basilius1 who had been expelled from the king's service1 and was impelled to accuse him by pressure of debt 7l4 #ha72 and ,opilio and ,gaudentius1 who had been sentenced to exile by royal decree for their numberless frauds and crimes1 but had escaped the sentence by taking sanctuary4 ',and when1' as he tells us1 'the king discovered this evasion1 he gave orders that1 unless they quitted ,ravenna by a given day1 they should be branded on the forehead with a hot iron and driven out of the city4 ,nevertheless on that very day the information laid against me by these men was admitted' 7ll4 #hi-id74 ,he next alludes to some forged letters 7l4 #abc71 by means of which he had been accused of 'hoping for the freedom of ,rome1' 7which was of course interpreted to mean that he wished to deliver ,rome from the tyranny of ,theodoric74 ,he then boldly declares that if he had had the opportunity of confronting his accusers1 he would have answered in the words of ,canius1 when accused by ,caligula of having been privy to a conspiracy against him--',if ,i had known it1 thou shouldst never have known it' 7ll4 #abf-ace74 ,this1 by the way1 was rather an imprudent expression1 and probably told against him when his case was considered by ,theodoric4 ,he further refers to an incident that took place at ,verona 7l4 #aec71 when the king1 eager for a general slaughter of his enemies1 endeavoured to extend to the whole body of the senate the charge of treason1 of which ,albinus had been accused2 on which occasion1 at great personal risk1 ,boethius had defended the senate against so sweeping an accusation4 ,in ,book ii4 ,prose #c1 he refers to his former state of happiness and good fortune 7l4 #bf71 when he was blessed with rich and influential parents-in-law1 with a beloved wife1 and with two noble sons2 in particular 7l4 #ce71 he speaks with justifiable pride of the day when his sons were both elected consuls together1 and when1 sitting in the ,circus between them1 he won general praise for his wit and eloquence4 ,in ,book iii4 ,prose #d1 he declaims against ,decoratus1 with whom he refused to be associated in office1 on account of his infamous character4 #f4 ,the chief source of further information about these circumstances is a collection of letters 7,vari ,epistol7 by ,cassiodorus1 a statesman who enjoyed the full confidence of ,theodoric1 and collected various state-papers under his direction4 ,these tell us1 in some measure1 what can be said on the other side4 ,here ,cyprian and his brother ,opilio are spoken of with respect and honour2 and the only ,decoratus whose name appears is spoken of as a young man of great promise1 who had won the king's sincere esteem4 ,but when all has been said1 the reader will most likely be inclined to think that1 in cases of conflicting evidence1 he would rather take the word of the noble ,boethius than that of any of his opponents4 #g4 ,the treatise ',de ,consolatione ,philosophi' is written in the form of a discourse between himself and the personification of ,philosophy1 who appears to him in his prison1 and endeavours to soothe and console him in his time of trial4 ,it is divided 7as in this volume7 into five ,books2 and each ,book is subdivided into chapters1 entitled ,metres and ,proses1 because1 in the original1 the alternate chapters are written in a metrical form1 the metres employed being of various kinds4 ,thus ,metre #a of ,book ,i is written in alternate hexameters and pentameters2 while ,metre #g consists of very short lines1 each consisting of a single dactyl and spondee4 ,the ,proses contain the main arguments2 the ,metres serve for embellishment and recreation4 ,in some ,,mss4 of ,chaucer's translation1 a few words of the original are quoted at the beginning of each ,prose and ,metre1 and are duly printed in this edition1 in a corrected form4 #h4 ,a very brief sketch of the general contents of the volume may be of some service4 ,,book ,i4 ,boethius deplores his misfortunes 7met4 #a74 ,philosophy appears to him in a female form 7pr4 #b71 and condoles with him in song 7met4 #b72 after which she addresses him1 telling him that she is willing to share his misfortunes 7pr4 #c74 ,boethius pours out his complaints1 and vindicates his past conduct 7pr4 #d74 ,philosophy reminds him that he seeks a heavenly country 7pr4 #e74 ,the world is not governed by chance 7pr4 #f74 ,the book concludes with a lay of hope 7met4 #g74 ,,book ,,ii4 ,philosophy enlarges on the wiles of ,fortune 7pr4 #a71 and addresses him in ,fortune's name1 asserting that her mutability is natural and to be expected 7pr4 #b74 ,adversity is transient 7pr4 #c71 and ,boethius has still much to be thankful for 7pr4 #d74 ,riches only bring anxieties1 and cannot confer happiness 7pr4 #e72 they were unknown in the ,golden ,age 7met4 #e74 ,neither does happiness consist in honours and power 7pr4 #f74 ,the power of ,nero only taught him cruelty 7met4 #f74 ,fame is but vanity 7pr4 #g71 and is ended by death 7met4 #g74 ,adversity is beneficial 7pr4 #h74 ,all things are bound together by the chain of ,love 7met4 #h74 ,,book ,,iii4 ,boethius begins to receive comfort 7pr4 #a74 ,philosophy discourses on the search for the ,supreme ,good 7summum bonum2 pr4 #b74 ,the laws of nature are immutable 7met4 #b74 ,all men are engaged in the pursuit of happiness 7pr4 #c74 ,dignities properly appertain to virtue 7pr4 #d74 ,power cannot drive away care 7pr4 #e74 ,glory is deceptive1 and the only true nobility is that of character 7pr4 #f74 ,happiness does not consist in corporeal pleasures 7pr4 #g72 nor in bodily strength or beauty 7pr4 #h74 ,worldly bliss is insufficient and false2 and in seeking true felicity1 we must invoke ,god's aid 7pr4 #i74 ,boethius sings a hymn to the ,creator 7met4 #i72 and acknowledges that ,god alone is the ,supreme ,good 7p4 #aj74 ,the unity of soul and body is necessary to existence1 and the love of life is instinctive 7pr4 #aa74 ,error is dispersed by the light of ,truth 7met4 #aa74 ,god governs the world1 and is all-sufficient1 whilst evil has no true existence 7pr4 #ab74 ,the book ends with the story of ,orpheus 7met4 #ab74 ,,book ,,iv4 ,this book opens with a discussion of the existence of evil1 and the system of rewards and punishments 7pr4 #a74 ,boethius describes the flight of ,imagination through the planetary spheres till it reaches heaven itself 7met4 #a74 ,the good are strong1 but the wicked are powerless1 having no real existence 7pr4 #b74 ,tyrants are chastised by their own passions 7met4 #b74 ,virtue secures reward2 but the wicked lose even their human nature1 and become as mere beasts 7pr4 #c74 ,consider the enchantments of ,circe1 though these merely affected the outward form 7met4 #d74 ,the wicked are thrice wretched2 they will to do evil1 they can do evil1 and they actually do it4 ,virtue is its own reward2 so that the wicked should excite our pity 7pr4 #d74 ,here follows a poem on the folly of war 7met4 #d74 ,boethius inquires why the good suffer 7pr4 #e74 ,philosophy reminds him that the motions of the stars are inexplicable to one who does not understand astronomy 7met4 #e74 ,she explains the difference between ,providence and ,destiny 7pr4 #f74 ,in all nature we see concord1 due to controlling ,love 7met4 #f74 ,all fortune is good2 for punishment is beneficial 7pr4 #g74 ,the labours of ,hercules afford us an example of endurance 7met4 #g74 ,,book ,v4 ,boethius asks questions concerning ,chance 7pr4 #a74 ,an example from the courses of the rivers ,tigris and ,euphrates 7met4 #a74 ,boethius asks questions concerning ,free-will 7pr4 #b74 ,god1 who sees all things1 is the true ,sun 7met4 #b74 ,boethius is puzzled by the consideration of ,god's ,predestination and man's ,free-will 7pr4 #c74 ,men are too eager to inquire into the unknown 7met4 #c74 ,philosophy replies to ,boethius on the subjects of ,predestination1 ,necessity1 and the nature of true ,knowledge 7pr4 #d72 on the impressions received by the mind 7met4 #d72 and on the powers of ,sense and ,imagination 7pr4 #e74 ,beasts look downward to the earth1 but man is upright1 and looks up to heaven 7met4 #e74 ,this world is not eternal1 but only ,god is such2 whose prescience is not subject to necessity1 nor altered by human intentions4 ,he upholds the good1 and condemns the wicked2 therefore be constant in eschewing vice1 and devote all thy powers to the love of virtue 7pr4 #f74 #i4 ,it is unnecessary to enlarge here upon the importance of this treatise1 and its influence upon medieval literature4 ,mr4 ,stewart1 in the work already referred to1 has an excellent chapter ',on ,some ,ancient ,translations' of it4 ,the number of translations that still exist1 in various languages1 sufficiently testify to its extraordinary popularity in the middle ages4 ,copies of it are found1 for example1 in ,old ,high ,german by ,notker1 and in later ,german by ,peter of ,kastl2 in ,anglo-,french by ,simun de ,fraisne2 in continental ,french by ,jean de ,meun#aj1 ,pierre de ,paris1 ,jehan de ,cis1 ,frere ,renaut de ,louhans1 and by two anonymous authors2 in ,italian1 by ,alberto della ,piagentina and several others2 in ,greek1 by ,maximus ,planudes2 and in ,spanish1 by ,fra ,antonio ,ginebreda2 besides various versions in later times4 ,but the most interesting1 to us1 are those in ,english1 which are somewhat numerous1 and are worthy of some special notice4 ,i shall here dismiss1 as improbable and unnecessary1 a suggestion sometimes made1 that ,chaucer may have consulted some ,french version in the hope of obtaining assistance from it2 there is no sure trace of anything of the kind1 and the internal evidence is1 in my opinion1 decisively against it4 #aj4 ,the earliest ,english translation is that by king lfred1 which is particularly interesting from the fact that the royal author frequently deviates from his original1 and introduces various notes1 explanations1 and allusions of his own4 ,the opening chapter1 for example1 is really a preface1 giving a brief account of ,theodoric and of the circumstances which led to the imprisonment of ,boethius4 ,this work exists only in two ,,mss41 neither being of early date1 viz4 ,,ms4 ,cotton1 ,otho ,a ,,vi1 and ,,ms4 ,bodley ,,ne4 ,c4 #c4 #aa4 ,it has been thrice edited2 by ,rawlinson1 in #afih2 by ,j4 ,s4 ,cardale1 in #ahbi2 and by ,s4 ,fox1 in #ahfd4 ,the last of these includes a modern ,english translation1 and forms one of the volumes of ,bohn's ,antiquarian ,library2 so that it is a cheap and accessible work4 ,moreover1 it contains an alliterative verse translation of most of the ,metres contained in ,boethius 7excluding the ,proses71 which is also attributed to lfred in a brief metrical preface2 but whether this ascription is to be relied upon1 or not1 is a difficult question1 which has hardly as yet been decided4 ,a summary of the arguments1 for and against lfred's authorship1 will be found in ,wlker's ,grundriss zur ,geschichte der angelschsischen ,litteratur1 pp4 #dba-dce4 #aa4 ,i may here mention that there is a manuscript copy of this work by ,boethius1 in the original ,latin1 in ,corpus ,christi ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,no4 #bad1 which contains a considerable number of ,anglo-,saxon glosses4 ,a description of this ,,ms41 by ,prof4 ,j4 ,w4 ,bright and myself1 is printed in the ,american ,journal of ,philology1 vol4 v1 no4 #d4 #ab4 ,the next ,english translation1 in point of date1 is ,chaucer's2 concerning which ,i have more to say below4 #ac4 ,in the year #adaj1 we meet with a verse translation of the whole treatise1 ascribed by ,warton 7,hist4 ,e4 ,poetry1 #bj1 ed4 #ahga1 iii4 #ci7 to ,john ,walton1 ,capellanus1 or ,john the ,chaplain1 a canon of ,oseney4 ',in the ,british ,museum1' says ,warton1 'there is a correct ,,ms4 on parchment#aa of ,walton's translation of ,boethius2 and the margin is filled throughout with the ,latin text1 written by ,chaundler above mentioned i4 e4 ,thomas ,chaundler1 among other preferments dean of the king's chapel and of ,hereford ,cathedral1 chancellor of ,wells1 and successively warden of ,wykeham's two colleges at ,winchester and ,oxford4 ,there is another less elegant ,,ms4 in the same collection#ab4 ,but at the end is this note3--',explicit liber ,boecij de ,consolatione ,philosophie de ,latino in ,anglicum translatus ,a4,d4 #adaj1 per ,capellanum ,ioannem4 ,this is the beginning of the prologue3--,in suffisaunce of cunnyng and witte#ac4 ,and of the translation3--,alas1 ,i wrecch1 that whilom was in welth4 ,i have seen a third copy in the library of ,lincoln cathedral#ad1 and a fourth in ,baliol college#ae4 ,this is the translation of ,boethius printed in the monastery of ,tavistock in #aebeaf1 and in octave stanzas4 ,this translation was made at the request of ,elizabeth ,berkeley4' ,todd1 in his ,illustrations of ,gower and ,chaucer1 p4 xxxi1 mentions another ,,ms4 'in the possession of ,mr4 ,g4 ,nicol1 his ,majesty's bookseller1' in which the above translation is differently attributed in the colophon1 which ends thus3 'translatus anno domini millesimo ccccxo4 per ,capellanum ,iohannem ,tebaud1 alius ,watyrbeche4' ,this can hardly be correct#ag4 ,i may here note that this verse translation has two separate ,prologues4 ,one ,prologue gives a short account of ,boethius and his times1 and is extant in ,,ms4 ,gg4 iv4 #ah in the ,cambridge ,university ,library4 ,an extract from the other is quoted below4 ,,ms4 ,e ,museo #ec1 in the ,bodleian ,library1 contains both of them4 #ad4 ,as to the work itself1 ,metre #a of ,book i4 and ,metre #e of the same are printed entire in ,wlker's ,altenglisches ,lesebuch1 ii4 #ef-i4 ,in one of the metrical prologues to the whole work the following passage occurs1 which ,i copy from ,,ms4 ,royal #ah ,a xiii3-- ',i have herd spek and sumwhat haue y-seyne1 ,of diuerse men#ah1 that wounder subtyllye1 ,in metir sum1 and sum in pros pleyne1 ,this book translated haue#ai suffishantlye ,in-to#bj ,englissh tong1 word for word1 wel nye#ba2 ,bot ,i most vse the wittes that ,i haue2 ,thogh ,i may noght do so1 yit noght-for-thye1 ,with helpe of god1 the sentence schall ,i saue4 ,to ,chaucer1 that is floure of rethoryk ,in ,englisshe tong1 and excellent poete1 ,this wot ,i wel1 no-thing may ,i do lyk1 ,thogh so that ,i of makynge entyrmete3 ,and ,gower1 that so craftily doth trete1 ,as in his book1 of moralitee1 ,thogh ,i to theym in makyng am vnmete1 ,ghit most ,i schewe it forth1 that is in me4' ,this is an early tribute to the excellence of ,chaucer and ,gower as poets4 #ae4 ,when we examine ,walton's translation a little more closely1 it soon becomes apparent that he has largely availed himself of ,chaucer's prose translation1 which he evidently kept before him as a model of language4 ,for example1 in ,bk4 ii4 met4 #e1 l4 #af1 ,chaucer has the expression3--'tho weren the cruel clariouns ful hust and ful stille4' ,this reappears in one of ,walton's lines in the form3--',tho was ful huscht the cruel clarioun4' ,this is poetry made easy1 no doubt4 ,in order to exhibit this a little more fully1 ,i here transcribe the whole of ,walton's translation of this metre1 which may be compared with ,chaucer's rendering at pp4 #dj1 #da below4 ,i print in italics all the words which are common to the two versions1 so as to shew this curious result1 viz4 that ,walton was here more indebted to ,chaucer1 than ,chaucer1 when writing his poem of ',the ,former ,age1' was to himself4 ,the ,,ms4 followed is the ,royal ,,ms4 mentioned above 7p4 xvi74 ,,boethius3 ,,book ,,ii3 ,,meter ,v4 ,a ,,verse ,,translation ,,by ,,john ,,walton4 ,full wonder blisseful was that rather age1 ,when mortal men couthe holde hem-selven#bb payed ,to fede hem-selve#bc with-oute suche outerage1 ,with mete that trewe feeldes#bd have arrayed2 ,with acornes thaire hunger was alayed1 ,and so thei couthe sese thaire talent2 ,thei hadden yit no queynte craft assayed1 ,as clarry for to make ne pyment#be4 ,to deyen purpure couthe thei noght be-thynke1 ,the white flees1 with venym ,tyryen2 ,the rennyng ryver yaf hem lusty drynke1 ,and holsom sleep they took vpon the grene4 ,the pynes1 that so full of braunches been1 ,that was thaire hous1 to kepen vnder schade4 ,the see#bf to kerve no schippes were there seen2 ,ther was no man that marchaundise made4 ,they liked not to sailen vp and doun1 ,but kepe hem-selven#bg where thei weren bred2 ,tho was ful huscht the cruel clarioun1 ,for eger hate ther was no blood ,i-sched1 ,ne therwith was non armour yet be-bled2 ,for in that tyme who durst have be so wood ,suche bitter woundes that he nold have dred1 ,with-outen rward1 for to lese his blood4 ,i wold oure tyme myght turne certanly1 ,and wise#bh maneres alwey with vs dwelle2 ,but love of hauyng brenneth feruently1 ,more fersere than the verray fuyre of helle4 ,allas6 who was that man that wold him melle ,with#bi gold and gemmes that were kevered thus#cj1 ,that first began to myne2 ,i can not telle1 ,but that he fond a perel#ca precious4 #af4 ,,ms4 ,auct4 ,f4 #c4 #e1 in the ,bodleian ,library1 contains a prose translation1 different from ,chaucer's4 ,after this1 the next translation seems to be one by ,george ,colvile2 the title is thus given by ,lowndes3 ',boetius de ,consolatione ,philosophi1 translated by ,george ,coluile1 alias ,coldewel4 ,london3 by ,john ,cawoode2 #aeef4 #dto4' ,this work was dedicated to ,queen ,mary1 and reprinted in #aefa2 and again1 without date4 ,there is an unprinted translation1 in hexameters and other metres1 in the ,british ,museum 7,,ms4 ,addit4 #aadja71 by ,bracegirdle1 temp4 ,elizabeth4 ,see ,warton1 ed4 ,hazlitt1 iii4 #ci1 note #f4 ,lowndes next mentions a translation by ,j4 ,t41 printed at ,london in #afji1 #abmo4 ,a translation ',anglo-,latine expressus per ,s4 ,e4 ,m4' was printed at ,london in quarto1 in #afed1 according to ,hazlitt's ,hand-book to ,popular ,literature4 ,next1 a translation into ,english verse by ,h4 ,conningesbye1 in #affd1 #abmo4 ,the next is thus described3 ',of the ,consolation of ,philosophy1 made ,english and illustrated with ,notes by the ,right ,hon4 ,richard 7,graham7 ,lord ,viscount ,preston4 ,london2 #afie1 #hvo4 ,second edition1 corrected2 ,london2 #agab1 #hvo4' ,a translation by ,w4 ,causton was printed in ,london in #agcj2 #hvo4 ,a translation by the ,rev4 ,philip ,ridpath1 printed in ,london in #aghe1 #hvo41 is described by ,lowndes as 'an excellent translation with very useful notes1 and a life of ,boethius1 drawn up with great accuracy and fidelity4' ,a translation by ,r4 ,duncan was printed at ,edinburgh in #aghi1 #hvo42 and an anonymous translation1 described by ,lowndes as 'a pitiful performance1' was printed in ,london in #agib1 #hvo4 ,in a list of works which the ,early ,english ,text ,society proposes shortly to print1 we are told that ',miss ,pemberton has sent to press her edition of the fragments of ,queen ,elizabeth's ,englishings 7in the ,record ,office7 from ,boethius1 ,plutarch1 c4' #ag4 ,i now return to the consideration of ,chaucer's translation1 as printed in the present volume4 ,i do not think the question as to the probable date of its composition need detain us long4 ,it is so obviously connected with ',troilus' and the ',house of ,fame1' which it probably did not long precede1 that we can hardly be wrong in dating it1 as said above1 about #acgg-achj2 or1 in round numbers1 about #achj or a little earlier4 ,i quite agree with ,mr4 ,stewart 7,essay1 p4 #bbf71 that1 'it is surely most reasonable to connect its composition with those poems which contain the greatest number of recollections and imitations of his original2' and ,i see no reason for ascribing it1 with ,professor ,morley 7,english ,writers1 v4 #add71 to ,chaucer's youth4 ,even ,mr4 ,stewart is so incautious as to suggest that ,chaucer's 'acquaintance with the works of the ,roman philosopher 444 would seem to date from about the year #acfi1 when he wrote the ,deth of ,blaunche4' ,when we ask for some tangible evidence of this statement1 we are simply referred to the following passages in that poem1 viz4 the mention of ',tityus 7#ehh72 of ,fortune the debonaire 7#fbc72 ,fortune the monster 7#fbg72 ,fortune's capriciousness and her rolling wheel 7#fcd1 #fdb72 ,tantalus 7#gjh72 the mind compared to a clean parchment 7#ggh72 and ,alcibiades 7#ajee-f72' see ,essay1 p4 #bfg4 ,in every one of these instances1 ,i believe the inference to be fallacious1 and that ,chaucer got all these illustrations1 at second hand1 from ,le ,roman de la ,rose4 ,as a matter of fact1 they are all to be found there2 and ,i find1 on reference1 that ,i have1 in most instances1 already given the parallel passages in my notes4 ,however1 to make the matter clearer1 ,i repeat them here4 ,book ,duch4 #ehh4 ,cf4 ,comment li juisier ,ticius ,s'efforcent ostoir de mangier2 ,rom4 ,rose1 #aiejf4 ,si cum tu fez1 las ,sisifus1 c42 ,r4 ,r4 #aidii4 ,book ,duch4 #fbc4 ,the dispitouse debonaire1 ,that scorneth many a creature4 ,i cannot give the exact reference1 because ,jean de ,meun's description of the various moods of ,fortune extends to a portentous length4 ,chaucer reproduces the general impression which a perusal of the poem leaves on the mind4 ,however1 take ll4 #dhfj-fb of ,le ,roman3-- ,que miex vaut asses et profite ,fortune perverse et contraire ,que la mole et la debonnaire4 ,surely 'debonaire' in ,chaucer is rather ,french than ,latin4 ,and see debonaire in the ,e4 version of the ,romaunt1 l4 #edab4 ,book ,duch4 #fbg4 ,she is the monstres heed y-wryen1 ,as filth over y-strawed with floures4 ,si di1 par ma parole ovrir1 ,qui vodroit un femier covrir ,de dras de soie ou de floretes2 ,r4 ,r4 #hiie4 ,as the second of the above lines from the ,book of the ,duchesse is obviously taken from ,le ,roman1 it is probable that the first is also2 but it is a hard task to discover the particular word monstre in this vast poem4 ,however1 ,i find it1 in l4 #diag1 with reference to ,fortune2 and her wheel is not far off1 six lines above4 ,b4 ,d4 #fcd1 #fdb4 ,fortune's capriciousness is treated of by ,jean de ,meun at intolerable length1 ll4 #dhfc-hdib2 and elsewhere4 ,as to her wheel1 it is continually rolling through his verses2 see ll4 #diaa1 #ecff1 #ehgj1 #eibe1 #fagb1 #fdcd1 #ffdh1 #fhhj1 c4 ,b4 ,d4 #gjh4 ,cf4 ,et de fain avec ,tentalus2 ,r4 ,r4 #aidhb4 ,b4 ,d4 #ggh4 ,not from ,le ,roman1 nor from ,boethius1 but from ,machault's ,remde de ,fortune1 as pointed out by ,m4 ,sandras long ago2 see my note4 ,b4 ,d4 #ajee-f4 ,cf4 ,car le cors ,alcipiades ,qui de biaut avoit ads 444 ,ainsinc le raconte ,boece2 ,r4 ,r4 #hiha4 ,see my note on the line2 and note the spelling of ,alcipiades with a p1 as in the ,english ,,mss4 ,we thus see that all these passages 7except l4 #ggh7 are really taken from ,le ,roman1 not to mention many more1 already pointed out by ,dr4 ,kppel 7,anglia1 xiv4 #bch74 ,and1 this being so1 we may safely conclude that they were not taken from ,boethius directly4 ,hence we may further infer that1 in all probability1 ,chaucer1 in #acfi1 was not very familiar with ,boethius in the ,latin original4 ,and this accounts at once for the fact that he seldom quotes ,boethius at first hand1 perhaps not at all1 in any of his earlier poems1 such as the ,complaint unto ,pite1 the ,complaint of ,mars1 or ,anelida and ,arcite1 or the ,lyf of ,st4 ,cecilie4 ,i see no reason for supposing that he had closely studied ,boethius before 7let us say7 #acge2 though it is extremely probable1 as was said above1 that ,jean de ,meun inspired him with the idea of reading it1 to see whether it was really worth translating1 as the ,french poet said it was4 #ah4 ,when we come to consider the style and manner in which ,chaucer has executed his self-imposed task1 we must first of all make some allowance for the difference between the scholarship of his age and of our own4 ,one great difference is obvious1 though constantly lost sight of1 viz4 that the teaching in those days was almost entirely oral1 and that the student had to depend upon his memory to an extent which would now be regarded by many as extremely inconvenient4 ,suppose that1 in reading ,boethius1 ,chaucer comes across the phrase 'ueluti quidam clauus atque gubernaculum' 7,bk4 iii4 pr4 #ab1 note to l4 #ee71 and does not remember the sense of clauus2 what is to be done8 ,it is quite certain1 though this again is frequently lost sight of1 that he had no access to a convenient and well-arranged ,latin ,dictionary1 but only to such imperfect glossaries as were then in use4 ,almost the only resource1 unless he had at hand a friend more learned than himself1 was to guess4 ,he guesses accordingly2 and1 taking clauus to mean much the same thing as clauis1 puts down in his translation3 'and he is as a keye and a stere4' ,some mistakes of this character were almost inevitable2 and it must not greatly surprise us to be told1 that the 'inaccuracy and infelicity' of ,chaucer's translation 'is not that of an inexperienced ,latin scholar1 but rather of one who was no ,latin scholar at all1' as ,mr4 ,stewart says in his ,essay1 p4 #bbf4 ,it is useful to bear this in mind1 because a similar lack of accuracy is characteristic of ,chaucer's other works also2 and we must not always infer that emendation is necessary1 when we find in his text some curious error4 #ai4 ,the next passage in ,mr4 ,stewart's ,essay so well expresses the state of the case1 that ,i do not hesitate to quote it at length4 ',given 7he says7 a man who is sufficiently conversant with a language to read it fluently without paying too much heed to the precise value of participle and preposition1 who has the wit and the sagacity to grasp the meaning of his author1 but not the intimate knowledge of his style and manner necessary to a right appreciation of either1 and--especially if he set himself to write in an uncongenial and unfamiliar form--he will assuredly produce just such a result as ,chaucer has done4 ',we must now glance 7he adds7 at the literary style of the translation4 ,as ,ten ,brink has observed1 we can here see as clearly as in any work of the middle ages what a high cultivation is requisite for the production of a good prose4 ,verse1 and not prose1 is the natural vehicle for the expression of every language in its infancy1 and it is certainly not in prose that ,chaucer's genius shews to best advantage4 ,the restrictions of metre were indeed to him as silken fetters1 while the freedom of prose only served to embarrass him2 just as a bird that has been born and bred in captivity1 whose traditions are all domestic1 finds itself at a sad loss when it escapes from its cage and has to fall back on its own resources for sustenance4 ,in reading ,boece1 we have often as it were to pause and look on while ,chaucer has a desperate wrestle with a tough sentence2 but though now he may appear to be down1 with a victorious knee upon him1 next moment he is on his feet again1 disclaiming defeat in a gloss which makes us doubt whether his adversary had so much the best of it after all4 ,but such strenuous endeavour1 even when it is crowned with success1 is strange in a writer one of whose chief charms is the delightful ease1 the complete absence of effort1 with which he says his best things4 ,it is only necessary to compare the passages in ,boethius in the prose version with the same when they reappear in the poems1 to realise how much better they look in their verse dress4 ,let the reader take ,troilus' soliloquy on ,freewill and ,predestination 7,bk4 iv4 ll4 #ieh-ajgh71 and read it side by side with the corresponding passage in ,boece 7,bk4 v4 proses #b and #c71 and he cannot fail to feel the superiority of the former to the latter4 ,with what clearness and precision does the argument unfold itself1 how close is the reasoning1 how vigorous and yet graceful is the language6 ,it is to be regretted that ,chaucer did not do for all the ,metra of the ,consolation what he did for the fifth of the second book4 ,a solitary gem like ,the ,former ,age makes us long for a whole set#cb4 ,sometimes1 whether unconsciously or of set purpose1 it is difficult to decide1 his prose slips into verse3-- ,it lyketh me to shewe1 by subtil song1 ,with slakke and dlitble soun of strenges 7,bk4 iii4 met4 #b4 #a74 ,whan ,fortune1 with a proud right hand 7,bk4 ii4 met4 #a4 #a7cc4' ,the reader should also consult ,ten ,brink's ,history of ,english ,literature1 ,book iv4 sect4 #g4 ,i here give a useful extract4 ',this version is complete1 and faithful in all essential points4 ,chaucer had no other purpose than to disclose1 if possible wholly1 the meaning of this famous work to his contemporaries2 and notwithstanding many errors in single points1 he has fairly well succeeded in reproducing the sense of the original4 ,he often employs for this purpose periphrastic turns1 and for the explanation of difficult passages1 poetical figures1 mythological and historical allusions2 and he even incorporates a number of notes in his text4 ,his version thus becomes somewhat diffuse1 and1 in the undeveloped state of prose composition so characteristic of that age1 often quite unwieldy4 ,but there is no lack of warmth1 and even of a certain colouring4444 ',the language of the translation shews many a peculiarity2 viz4 numerous ,latinisms1 and even ,roman idioms in synthesis1 inflexion1 or syntax1 which are either wholly absent or at least found very rarely in ,chaucer's poems4 ,the labour of this translation proved a school for the poet1 from which his powers of speech came forth not only more elevated but more self-reliant2 and above all1 with a greater aptitude to express thoughts of a deeper nature4' #bj4 ,most of the instances in which ,chaucer's rendering is inaccurate1 unhappy1 or insufficient are pointed out in the notes4 ,i here collect some examples1 many of which have already been remarked upon by ,dr4 ,morris and ,mr4 ,stewart4 i4 met4 #a4 #c4 rendinge ,muses3 'lacerae ,camenae4' #bj4 unagreable dwellinges#cd3 'ingratas moras4' i4 pr4 #a4 #di4 til it be at the laste3 'usque in exitium2' 7but see the note74 i4 pr4 #c4 #b4 ,i took hevene3 'hausi caelum4' i4 met4 #d4 #e4 hete3 'aestum2' 7see the note74 ,so again1 in met4 #g4 #c4 i4 pr4 #d4 #hc4 for nede of foreine moneye3 'alienae aeris necessitate4' i4 pr4 #d4 #ic4 lykned3 'astrui2' 7see the note74 i4 met4 #e4 #i4 cometh eft ayein hir used cours3 ',solitas iterum mutet habenas2' 7see the note74 ii4 pr4 #a4 #bb4 entree3 'adyto2' 7see the note74 ii4 pr4 #a4 #de4 use hir maneres3 'utere moribus4' ii4 pr4 #e4 #aj4 to hem that despenden it3 'effundendo4' #aa4 to thilke folk that mokeren it3 'coaceruando4' #ij4 subgit3 'sepositis2' 7see the note74 ii4 met4 #f4 #ba4 the gloss is wrong2 7see the note74 ii4 met4 #g4 #bj4 cruel day3 'sera dies2' 7see the note74 iii4 pr4 #b4 #eg4 birefte awey3 'adferre4' ,here ,,ms4 ,c4 has afferre1 and ,chaucer seems to have resolved this into ab-ferre4 iii4 pr4 #c4 #dh4 foreyne3 'forenses4' iii4 pr4 #d4 #db4 many maner dignitees of consules3 'multiplici consulatu4' iii4 pr4 #d4 #fd4 of usaunces3 'utentium4' iii4 pr4 #h4 #aa4 anoyously3 'obnoxius2' 7see the note74 #bi4 of a beest that highte lynx3 ',lynceis2' 7see the note74 iii4 pr4 #i4 #af4 ,wenest thou that he1 that hath nede of power1 that him ne lakketh no-thing8 ',an tu arbitraris quod nihilo indigeat egere potentia8' ,on this ,mr4 ,stewart remarks that 'it is easy to see that indigeat and egere have changed places4' ,to me1 it is not quite easy2 for the senses of the ,m4,e4 nede and lakken are very slippery4 ,suppose we make them change places1 and read3--',wenest thou that he1 that hath lak of power1 that him ne nedeth no-thing8' ,this may be better1 but it is not wholly satisfactory4 iii4 pr4#i4 #ci-da4 that he 444 yif him nedeth whether he needeth4 ,a very clumsy passage2 see the ,latin quoted in the note4 iii4 pr4 #aj4 #afe4 the soverein fyn and the cause3 'summa1 cardo1 atque caussa4' iii4 pr4 #ab4 #ee1 #fg4 a keye3 'clauus2' and again1 'clauo4' #gd4 a yok of misdrawinges3 'detrectantium iugum4' #ge4 the savinge of obedient thinges3 'obtemperantium salus4' iii4 pr4 #ab4 #acf4 the whiche proeves drawen to hem-self hir feith and hir acord1 everich of hem of other3 'altero ex altero fidem trahente 444 probationibus4' 7,not well expressed47 iii4 met4 #ab4 #e4 the wodes1 moveable1 to rennen2 and had maked the riveres1 c43 ',siluas currere1 mobiles ,amnes1' c4 iii4 met4 #ag-ai4 ,obscure and involved4 iv4 pr4 #a4 #bb4 of wikkede felounes3 'facinorum4' iv4 pr4 #b4 #ig4 ,iugement3 'indicium' 7misread as iudicium74 iv4 met4 #g4 #ae4 empty3 'immani2' 7misread as inani74 v4 pr4 #a4 #c4 ful digne by auctoritee3 'auctoritate dignissima4' #cd4 prince3 'principio4' #eg4 the abregginge of fortuit hap3 'fortuiti caussae compendii4' v4 pr4 #d4 #cj4 by grace of position 7or possessioun73 'positionis gratia4' v4 pr4 #d4 #ef4 right as we trowen3 'quasi uero credamus4' v4 met4 #e4 #f4 by moist fleeinge3 'liquido uolatu4' #ba4 ,in the case of a few supposed errors1 as pointed out by ,mr4 ,stewart1 there remains something to be said on the other side4 ,i note the following instances4 i4 pr4 #f4 #bh4 ,lat4 'uelut hiante ualli robore4' ,here ,mr4 ,stewart quotes the reading of ,,ms4 ,a41 viz4 'so as the strengthe of the paleys schynyng is open4' ,but the ,english text in that ,,ms4 is corrupt4 ,the correct reading is 'palis chyning2' where palis means palisade1 and translates ualli2 and chyning is open means is gaping open1 and translates hiante4 ii4 pr4 #e4 #af4 ,lat4 'largiendi usu4' ,the translation has3 'by usage of large yevinge of him that hath yeven it4' ,i fail to see much amiss2 for the usual sense of large in ,m4 ,e4 is liberal1 bounteous1 lavish4 ,of course we must not substitute the modern sense without justification4 ii4 pr4 #e4 #ce4 'of the laste beautee' translates ,lat4 'postremae pulcritudinis4' ,for this1 see my note on p4 #dca4 ii4 pr4 #g4 #ch4 ,lat4 'tum commercii insolentia4' ,chaucer has3 'what for defaute of unusage and entrecomuninge of marchaundise4' ,there is not much amiss2 but ,,ms4 ,a4 omits the word and after unusage1 which of course makes nonsense of the passage4 ii4 met4 #h4 #f4 ,lat4 ',ut fluctus auidum mare ,certo fine coerceat4' ,chaucer has3 'that the see1 greedy to flowen1 constreyned with a certein ende hise floodes4' ,mr4 ,stewart understands 'greedy to flowen' to refer to 'fluctus auidum4' ,it seems to me that this was merely ,chaucer's first idea of the passage1 and that he afterwards meant 'hise floodes' to translate 'fluctus1' but forgot to strike out 'to flowen4' ,i do not defend the translation4 iii4 pr4 #aa4 #hf4 ,lat4 'sede2' ,eng4 'sete4' ,this is quite right4 ,mr4 ,stewart quotes the ,eng4 version as having 'feete1' but this is only a corrupt reading1 though found in the best ,,ms4 ,any one who is acquainted with ,m4 ,e4 ,,mss4 will easily guess that 'feete' is merely mis-copied from 'seete1' with a long s2 and1 indeed1 sete is the reading of the black-letter editions4 ,there is a blunder here1 certainly2 only it is not the author's1 but due to the scribes4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #agf4 ,lat4 'quidam me quoque excellentior3' ,eng4 'a philosophre1 the more excellent by me4' ,the ,m4 ,e4 use of by is ambiguous2 it frequently means 'in comparison with4' v4 met4 #e4 #ad4 ,lat4 'male dissipis3' ,eng4 'wexest yvel out of thy wit4' ,in this case1 wexest out of thy wit translates dissipis2 and yvel1 which is here an adverb1 translates male4 ,of course we must also make allowances for the variations in ,chaucer's ,latin ,,ms4 from the usually received text4 ,here we are much assisted by ,,ms4 ,c41 which1 as explained below1 appears to contain a copy of the very text which he consulted1 and helps to settle several doubtful points4 ,to take two examples4 ,in ,book ii4 met4 #e4 #ag1 ,chaucer has 'ne hadde nat deyed yit armures1' where the usual ,lat4 text has 'tinxerat arua4' ,but many ,,mss4 have arma2 and1 of these1 ,,ms4 ,c4 is one4 ,once more1 in ,book ii4 met4 #b4 #aa1 ,chaucer has 'sheweth other gapinges1' where the usual ,lat4 text has ',altos pandit hiatus4' ,but some ,,mss4 have ,alios2 and1 of these1 ,,ms4 ,c4 is one4 #bb4 ,after all1 the chief point of interest about ,chaucer's translation of ,boethius is the influence that this labour exercised upon his later work1 owing to the close familiarity with the text which he thus acquired4 ,i have shewn that we must not expect to find such influence upon his earliest writings2 and that1 in the case of the ,book of the ,duchesse1 it affected him at second hand1 through ,jean de ,meun4 ,but in other poems1 viz4 ,troilus1 the ,house of ,fame1 ,the ,legend of ,good ,women1 some of the ,balades1 and in the ,canterbury ,tales1 the influence of ,boethius is frequently observable2 and we may usually suppose such influence to have been direct and immediate2 nevertheless1 we should always keep an eye on ,le ,roman de la ,rose1 for ,jean de ,meun was1 in like manner1 influenced in no slight degree by the same work4 ,i have often taken an opportunity of pointing out1 in my ,notes to ,chaucer1 passages of this character2 and ,i find that ,mr4 ,stewart1 with praiseworthy diligence1 has endeavoured to give 7in ,appendix ,b1 following his ,essay1 at p4 #bfj7 ',an ,index of ,passages in ,chaucer which seem to have been suggested by the ,de ,consolatione ,philosophiae4' ,very useful1 in connection with this subject1 is the list of passages in which ,chaucer seems to have been indebted to ,le ,roman de la ,rose1 as given by ,dr4 ,e4 ,kppel in ,anglia1 vol4 xiv4 #bch-bfe4 ,another most useful help is the comparison between ,troilus and ,boccaccio's ,filostrato1 by ,mr4 ,w4 ,m4 ,rossetti2 which sometimes proves1 beyond all doubt1 that a passage which may seem to be due to ,boethius1 is really taken from the ,italian poet4 ,as this seems to be the right place for exhibiting the results thus obtained1 ,i proceed to give them1 and gladly express my thanks to the above-named authors for the opportunity thus afforded4 #bc4 ,,comparison ,,with ',,boece' ,,of ,,other ,,works ,,by ,,chaucer4 ,,troilus ,,and ,,criseyde3 ,,book ,i4 #cfe4ce a mirour4--,cf4 ,b4 v4 met4 #d4 #h4 #fch4 sweetnesse1 c4--,b4 iii4 met4 #a4 #d4 #gcj4 ,what8 slombrestow as in a lytargye8--,see ,b4 i4 pr4 #b4 #ad4 #gca4 an asse to the harpe4--,b4 i4 pr4 #d4 #b4 #ghf4 ,ticius4--,b4 iii4 met4 #ab4 #bi4 #hcg4 ,fortune is my fo4--,b4 i4 pr4 #d4 #h4 #hch-i4 ,may of hir cruel wheel the harm withstonde4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #a4 #hj-hb4 #hdj4 she pleyeth4--,b4 ii4 met4 #a4 #aj2 pr4 #b4 #cf4 #hda4 than blamestow ,fortune4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #ad4 #hdf-g4 ,that1 as hir ,ioyes moten overgoon1 ,so mote hir sorwes passen everichoon4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #c4 #eb-d4 #hdh-i4 ,for if hir wheel stinte any-thing to torne1 ,than cessed she ,fortune anoon to be4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #a4 #hb-d4 #hej4 ,now1 sith hir wheel by no wey may soiorne1 c4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #ei4 #heg4 ,for who-so list have helping of his leche4--,b4 i4 pr4 #d4 #c4 #ajfe-ga4 ,for every wight that hath an hous to founde4--,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #eg-fj4 ,,troilus3 ,,book ,,ii4 99#db4cf ,forthy men seyn1 ech contree hath his lawes4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #g4 #di-ea4 7,this case is doubtful4 ,chaucer's phrase--men seyn--shews that he is quoting a common proverb4 ',ase fele thedes1 as fele thewes1 quoth ,hendyng4' ',tant de gens1 tant de guises4'--,ray4 ,so many countries1 so many customs4--,hazlitt74 #ebf4 ,o god1 that at thy disposicioun ,ledest the fyn1 by ,iuste purveyaunce1 ,of every wight4 ,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #adi-aea4 #gff-g4 ,and that a cloud is put with wind to flighte ,which over-sprat the sonne as for a space4 ,b4 i4 met4 #c4 #h-aj4 ,,troilus3 ,,book ,,iii4 #fag4cg ,but ,o1 ,fortune1 executrice of wierdes1 ,o influences of thise hevenes hye6 ,soth is1 that1 under god1 ye ben our hierdes4 ,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #fj-ga4 #fbd4 ,the bente mone with hir hornes pale4--,b4 i4 met4 #e4 #f4 #hac4 ,o god--quod she--so worldly selinesse 444 ,y-medled is with many a bitternesse4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #hf1 #hg4 #haf4 ,ful anguisshous than is1 god woot--quod she-- ,condicioun of veyn prosperitee4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #ef4 #hbj-hcc4--;,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #aji-aag4 99#hcf4 ,ther is no verray wele in this world here4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #acj4 #abai4 ,and now swetnesse semeth more swete4--,b4 iii4 met4 #a4 #d4 #abfa4 ,benigne ,love1 thou holy bond of thinges4--,b4 ii4 met4 #h4 #i-aa4 #afbe-h4 ,for of ,fortunes sharp adversitee1 c4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #d-g4 #afia-b4 ,feicitee4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #b4 #ee4 #agdd-fh4 ,love1 that of erthe and see hath governaunce1 c4 ,b4 ii4 met4 #h4 #i-aa2 #ae1 #af2 #c-h2 #aa-ad2 #ag1 #ah4 ,,troilus3 ,,book ,,iv4 99#a-g4 7,fortune's changes1 her wheel1 and her scorn74--,b4 ii4 pr4 #a4 #ab2 met4 #a4 #a1 #e-aj2 pr4 ii4 #cg4 7,but note1 that ll4 #a-c are really due to the ,filostrato1 ,bk4 iii4 st4 #id2 and ll4 #f1 #g are copied from ,le ,roman de la ,rose1 #hjgf-i74 #bjj4 cloud of errour4--,b4 iii4 met4 #aa4 #g4 #cia4 ,ne trust no wight to finden in ,fortune ,ay propretee2 hir yeftes ben comune4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #g-i2 #fa-b4 99#dha-b4 7,repeated from ,book ,,iii4 #afbe-h4 ,but1 this time1 it is copied from the ,filostrato1 ,bk4 iv4 st4 #ef74 #ejc4 ,for sely is that deeth1 soth for to seyne1 ,that1 oft y-cleped1 comth and endeth peyne4 ,b4 i4 met4 #a4 #ab-ad4 99#hce4 ,and alle worldly blisse1 as thinketh me1 ,the ende of blisse ay sorwe it occupyeth4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #ij4 7,a very doubtful instance2 for l4 #hcf is precisely the same as ,prov4 xiv4 #ac4 ,the word occupyeth is decisive2 see my note to ,cant4 ,ta4 ,b #dba74 #ieh2 #ifc-f4 7,predestination74--,b4 v4 pr4 #b4 #cj-cd4 #igd-ajgh4 7,necessity and ,free ,will74--,b4 v4 pr4 #c4 #g-ai2 #ba-ga4 99#aehg4 444 thenk that lord is he ,of ,fortune ay1 that nought wol of hir recche2 ,and she ne daunteth no wight but a wrecche4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #ih-aja4 7,but note that l4 #aehi really translates two lines in the ,filostrato1 ,bk4 iv4 st4 #aed74 ,,troilus3 ,,book ,v4 #bgh4 ,and ,phebus with his rosy carte4--,b4 ii4 met4 #c4 #a1 #b4 #gfc4 ,felicitee clepe ,i my suffisaunce4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #b4 #f-h4 99#aeda-d4 ,fortune1 whiche that permutacioun ,of thinges hath1 as it is hir committed ,through purveyaunce and disposicioun ,of heighe ,iove4 ,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #ge-gg4 99#ahji4 7,the allusion here to the 'seventh spere' has but a remote reference to ,boethius 7iv4 met4 #a4 #af-ai72 for this stanza #bei is translated from ,boccaccio's ,teseide1 ,bk4 xi4 st4 #a74 ,it thus appears that1 for this poem1 ,chaucer made use of ,b4 i4 met4 #a1 pr4 #b1 met4 #c1 pr4 #d1 met4 #e2 ii4 pr4 #a1 met4 #a1 pr4 #b1 pr4 #c1 met4 #c1 pr4 #d1 pr4 #g1 met4 #h2 iii4 met4 #a1 pr4 #b1 met4 #b1 pr4 #c1 met4 #aa1 #ab2 iv4 pr4 #f2 v4 pr4 #b1 pr4 #c4 ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,fame4 99#ece 7,book ii4 #bg74 ,foudre4 7,this allusion to the thunderbolt is copied from ,machault1 as shewn in my note2 but ,machault probably took it from ,boeth4 i4 met4 #d4 #h2 and it is curious that ,chaucer has tour1 not toun74 #gcj-gdf 7,book ii4 #bbb-bch74--;,compare ,b4 iii4 pr4 #aa2 esp4 #ih-aaa4 7,also ,le ,roman de la ,rose1 #afieg-fi2 ,dante1 ,purg4 xviii4 #bh74 #igb-h 7,book ii4 #dfd-gj74--;,b4 iv4 met4 #a4 #a-e4 #acfh-acge 7,book iii4 #bgh-bhe74--;,compare ,b4 i4 pr4 #a4 #h-ab4 99#aede-h 7,book iii4 #dee-h74--;,compare ,b4 i4 pr4 #e4 #dc1 #dd4 7,the likeness is very slight74 #aibj 7,book iii4 #hcj74 ,an hous1 that domus ,dedali1 ,that ,laborintus cleped is4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #ab4 #aah4 ,,legend ,,of ,,good ,,women4 #aie 7p4 #gh74 tonne4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #ec-e4 99#bbbh-cj4 7,philomela1 #a-c74--;,b4 iii4 met4 #i4 #h-aj4 7,doubtful2 for the same is in ,le ,roman de la ,rose1 #afica-f1 which is taken from ,boethius4 ,and ,kppel remarks that the word ,eternally answers to nothing in the ,latin text1 whilst it corresponds to the ,french ,tous jors en pardurablet74 ,,minor ,,poems4 ,,iii4 ,,book ,,of ,,the ,,duchesse4 ,the quotations from ,boethius are all taken at second-hand4 ,see above1 pp4 xx1 xxi4 ,v4 ,,parlement ,,of ,,foules4 99#chj4 ,that hoot1 cold1 hevy1 light1 and moist and dreye1 c4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #aa4 #ih-ajc4 7,practically1 a chance resemblance2 these lines are really from ,alanus1 ,de ,planctu ,natur2 see the note74 #eii4 444 as oules doon by light2 ,the day hem blent1 ful wel they see by night4 ,b4 iv4 pr4 #d4 #acb-c4 ,,ix4 ,,the ,,former ,,age4 ,partly from ,b4 ii4 met4 #e2 see the notes4 ,x4 ,,fortune4 #a-d4 ,compare ,b4 ii4 met4 #a4 #e-g4 #aj-ab4 ,compare ,b4 ii4 pr4 #h4 #bb-be4 #ac4 ,compare ,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #ih-aja4 99#ag4 ,socrates4--,b4 i4 pr4 #c4 #bj4 7,but really from ,le ,roman de la ,rose1 #ehga-d74 #be4 ,no man is wrecched1 but himself it wene4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #gi1 #hj2 cf4 pr4 #b4 #a-aj4 #bi-cj4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #ag1 #ah4 #ca4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #ei1 #fj4 #cc1 #cd4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #h4 #be-bh4 #ch4 ,yit halt thyn ancre4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #dj4 #dc1 #dd4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #a4 #fi-gb1 and #gh-hj4 #de1 #df4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #fj-fb2 and #cg4 #ej-eb4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #h4 #be-bh4 #eg-fd4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #aa-ah4 #fe-fh4 ,cf4 ,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #db-df4 #fh4 ,ye blinde bestes4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #c4 #a4 #ga4 ,thy laste day4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #c4 #fj1 #fa4 ,,xiii4 ,,truth4 #b4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #e4 #ef1 #eg4 #c4 ,for hord hath hate4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #e4 #aa4 #c4 and climbing tikelnesse4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #h4 #aj1 #aa4 #g4 ,and trouthe shal delivere4 ,cf4 ,b4 iii4 met4 #aa4 #g-i2 #ae-bj4 #h4 ,tempest thee noght4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #ej4 #i4 hir that turneth as a bal4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #cg4 #ae4 ,that thee is sent1 receyve in buxumnesse4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #a4 #ff-fh4 #ag1 #ai4 ,her nis non hoom4 ,cf4 ,b4 i4 pr4 #e4 #aa-ae4 #ah4 ,forth1 beste4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #c4 #a4 #ai4 ,know thy contree1 lok up4--,b4 v4 met4 #e4 #ad1 #ae4 ,,xiv4 ,,gentilesse4 ,for the general idea1 see ,b4 iii4 pr4 #f4 #bd-ch2 met4 #f4 #b1 and #f-aj4 ,with l4 #e compare ,b4 iii4 pr4 #d4 #be4 ,,xv4 ,,lak ,,of ,,stedfastnesse4 ,for the general idea1 cf4 ,b4 ii4 met4 #h4 ,,canterbury ,,tales3 ,,group ,a4 ,,prologue4 #ccg-h4 ,pleyn delyt1 c4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #b4 #ee4 #gda-b4 ,the wordes mote be cosin to the dede4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #ab4 #aeb4 ,,knightes ,,tale4 #ibe4 ,thanked be ,fortune1 and hir false wheel4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #cg-ci4 #aafd4 ,who shal yeve a lover any lawe8--,b4 iii1 met4 #ab4 #cg4 99#abea-d4 ,cf4 ,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #adg-aea4 #abee1 #abef4 ,cf4 ,b4 iii4 pr4 #b4 #ai2 ii4 pr4 #e4 #abb4 #abfb4 ,a dronke man1 c4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #b4 #fa4 #abff4 ,we seke faste after felicitee1 ,but we goon wrong ful often1 trewely4 ,b4 iii4 pr4 #b4 #ei1 #fj2 met4 #h4 #a4 #acjc-ab4 ,o cruel goddes1 that governe1 c4--,b4 i4 met4 #e4 #bb-bf2 iv4 pr4 #a4 #ai-bf4 99#aidf4 ,the riche ,cresus4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #dd4 7,but cf4 ,monkes ,ta4 ,b4 #ciag1 and notes47 #bihg-biicch4 ,the firste moevere1 c4--,b4 ii4 met4 #h4 #f-aa4 7,but see also the ,teseide1 ,bk4 ix4 st4 #ea47 #biid-i1 #cjjc-d4--;,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #bi-ce4 #cjje-cjaj4--;,b4 iii4 pr4 #aj4 #ah-bb4 #cjaa-e4--;,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 ,,group ,b4 ,,man ,,of ,,lawes ,,tale4 #bie-bii4 ,o firste moeving cruel firmament4 ,cf4 ,b4 i4 met4 #e4 #a-c2 iii4 pr4 #h4 #bb2 pr4 #ab4 #ade-adg2 iv4 met4 #a4 #f4 #dha-c4 ,doth thing for certein ende that ful derk is4--,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #aad-aag1 and #aeb-aed4 #hac-f4 ,o mighty god1 if that it be thy wille4--,b4 i4 met4 #e4 #bb-cj2 iv4 pr4 #a4 #ai-bf4 ,n4,b4 ,the stanzas #dba-g1 and #ibe-ica1 are not from ,boethius1 but from ,pope ,innocent2 see notes4 ,,the ,,tale ,,of ,,melibeus4 ,the suggested parallels between this ,tale and ,boece are only three2 the first is marked by ,mr4 ,stewart as doubtful1 the third follows ,albertano of ,brescia word for word2 and the second is too general a statement4 ,it is best to say that no certain instance can be given#ci4 ,,the ,,monk',s ,,prologue4 #cafc4 ,tragedie4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #ea4 ,,the ,,monkes ,,tale3 ,,hercules4 #cbhe-ccjj4--;,b4 iv4 met4 #g4 #bj-db4 7,but see ,sources of the ,tales1 #dh2 vol4 iii4 p4 #dcj47 99#ccbi4 ,ful wys is he that can him-selven knowe4 ,cf4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #ih-aja4 #cdcd4 ,for what man that hath freendes thurgh fortune1 ,mishap wol make hem enemys1 ,i gesse4 ,b4 iii4 pr4 #e4 #dh-ej4 #cecg4 ,but ay fortune hath in hir hony galle4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #d4 #hf-g4 #cehg4 ,thus can fortune hir wheel governe and gye4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #cg-ci4 99#cfcf4 ,thy false wheel my wo al may ,i wyte4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #a4 #g-aj4 #cfec4 ,,nero4 ,see ,b4 ii4 met4 #f2 esp4 #e-af4 #ciad4 ,,julius ,,cesar4 ,no man ne truste upon hir favour longe4 ,b4 ii4 pr4 #a4 #dh-ec4 #ciba4 ,,cresus4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #dd-df4 #ciea4 ,,tragedie4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #ea-b4 7,see #cafc above47 #cief4 ,and covere hir brighte face with a cloude4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #a4 #db4 ,,nonne ,,preestes ,,tale4 #daij4 ,that us governeth alle as in comune4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #fa4 #ddbd4 ,but what that god forwoot mot nedes be4--,b4 v4 pr4 #c4 #g-aj4 #ddcc4 ,whether that godes worthy forwiting1 c4--,b4 v4 pr4 #c4 #e-ae2 #bg-ci2 pr4 #d4 #be-cd2 c4 ,,group ,d4 99#ajj4 ,,wyf ,,of ,,bath4 ,he hath not every vessel al of gold4--,b4 iv4 pr4 #a4 #cj-cc4 7,but cf4 #b ,tim4 ii4 #bj47 #agj4 ,another tonne4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #b4 #ec4 #aaji-aaaf4 ',gentilesse4'--,b4 iii4 pr4 #f4 #bd-ch2 met4 #f4 #f1 #g4 #aadj4 ,caucasus4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #g4 #dc4 #aadb4 ,yit wol the fyr as faire lye and brenne4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #d4 #dg4 #aagj4 ,that he is gentil that doth gentil dedis4--,b4 iii4 met4 #f4 #g-aj4 #aahg4 ,he that coveyteth is a povre wight4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #e4 #bj-cb4 #abjc4 ,povert a spectacle is1 as thinketh me4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #h4 #bc-be1 #ca-cc4 ,,the ,,freres ,,tale4 #adhc4 ,for som-tyme we ben goddes instruments4--,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #fb-ga4 ,,the ,,somnours ,,tale4 #aifh4 ,lo1 ech thing that is oned in him-selve1 c4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #aa4 #cg-dj4 ,,group ,e4 ,,the ,,clerkes ,,tale4 ,mr4 ,stewart refers ll4 #haj-b to ,boethius1 but these lines translate ,petrarch's sentence--',nulla homini perpetua sors est4' ,also ll4 #aaee-aaeh1 #aafa2 but these lines translate ,petrarch's sentence--',probat tamen et spe nos1 multis ac grauibus flagellis exerceri sinit1 non ut animum nostrum sciat1 quem sciuit antequam crearemur 444 abund ergo constantibus uiris ascripserim1 quisquis is fuerit1 qui pro ,deo suo sine murmure patiatur4' ,i find no hint that ,chaucer was directly influenced by ,boethius1 while writing this ,tale4 ,,the ,,marchantes ,,tale4 ,mr4 ,stewart refers ll4 #acaa-d to ,boethius1 but they are more likely from ,albertanus ,brixiensis1 ,liber de ,amore dei1 fol4 #cj a 7as shewn by ,dr4 ,kppel73--',et merito uxor est diligenda1 qui donum est ,dei1' followed by a quotation from ,prov4 xix4 #ad4 #aehb4 a mirour--,b4 v4 met4 #d4 #h4 #aghd4 ,o famulier foo4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #e4 #ej4 #ahdi4 ,the slakke skin4--,b4 i4 met4 #a4 #ab4 #aifg-i4 ,were it by destinee or aventure1 c4--,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #fb-ga4 #bjba4 felicitee ,stant in delyt4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #b4 #ee4 #bjfb4 ,o monstre1 c4--,b4 ii4 pr4 #a4 #aj-ad4 ,,group ,f4 ,,the ,,squieres ,,tale4 99#beh4 ,as sore wondren somme on cause of thonder4 ,cf4 ,b4 iv4 met4 #e4 #f4 7,somewhat doubtful47 #fjh4 ,alle thing1 repeiring to his kinde4--,b4 iii4 met4 #b4 #bg-bi4 #faa4 ,as briddes doon that men in cages fede4--,b4 iii4 met4 #b4 #ae-bb4 ,,the ,,frankeleins ,,tale4 #hfe4 ,eterne god1 that thurgh thy purveyaunce1 c4--,b4 i4 met4 #e4 #bb1 #bc2 iii4 met4 #i4 #a2 cf4 iii4 pr4 #i4 #adg1 #adh4 #hgi4 ,which mankinde is so fair part of thy werk4--,b4 i4 met4 #e4 #ch4 #hhf4 ,al is for the beste4--,b4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #aid-aif4 #ajca4 ,god and governour1 c4--,b4 i4 met4 #f4 #aj-ad4 ,,group ,g4 ,,the ,,seconde ,,nonnes ,,tale4 ,i think it certain that this early ,tale is quite independent of ,boethius4 ,l4 #aad1 instanced by ,mr4 ,stewart1 is from ',ysidorus'2 see my note4 ,,the ,,canouns ,,yemannes ,,tale4 99#ieh4 ,we fayle of that which that we wolden have4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #i4 #hi-ia4 7,very doubtful47 ,,group ,h4 ,,the ,,maunciples ,,tale4 #afj4 ther may no man embrace ,as to destreyne a thing1 which that nature ,hath naturelly set in a creature4--,b4 iii4 met4 #b4 #a-e4 #afc4 ,tak any brid1 c4--,b4 iii4 met4 #b4 #ae-bb4 ,,group ,i4 ,,the ,,persones ,,tale4 99#bab4 ,a shadwe hath the lyknesse of the thing of which it is shadwe1 but shadwe is nat the same thing of which it is shadwe4--,b4 v4 pr4 #d4 #de1 #df4 7,doubtful47 99#dga4 ,who-so prydeth him in the goodes of fortune1 he is a ful greet fool2 for som-tyme is a man a greet lord by the morwe1 that is a caitif and a wrecche er it be night4--,b4 ii4 met4 #c4 #af-ah4 7,i think this is doubtful1 and mark it as such47 #dgb4 ,som-tyme the delyces of a man is cause of the grevous maladye thurgh which he dyeth4--,b4 iii4 pr4 #g4 #c-e4 #bd4 ,it is worth while to see what light is thrown upon the chronology of the ,canterbury ,tales by comparison with ,boethius4 ,in the first place1 we may remark that1 of the ,tales mentioned above1 there is nothing to shew that ,the ,seconde ,nonnes ,tale1 the ,clerkes ,tale1 or even the ,tale of ,melibeus1 really refer to any passages in ,boethius4 ,they may1 in fact1 have been written before that translation was made4 ,in the instance of the ,second ,nonnes ,tale1 this was certainly the case2 and it is not unlikely that the same is true with respect to the others4 ,but the following ,tales 7as revised7 seem to be later than ',boece1' viz4 ,the ,knightes ,tale1 ,the ,man of ,lawes ,tale1 and ,the ,monkes ,tale2 whilst it is quite certain that the following ,tales were amongst the latest written1 viz4 the ,nonne ,preestes ,tale1 the three tales in ,group ,d 7,wyf1 ,frere1 ,somnour71 the ,marchantes ,tale1 the ,squieres ,tale1 the ,frankeleins ,tale1 the ,canouns ,yemannes ,tale1 and the ,maunciples ,tale2 all of which are in the heroic couplet1 and later than #ache4 ,the case of the ,knightes ,tale is especially interesting2 for the numerous references in it to ,boece1 and the verbal resemblances between it and ,troilus shew that either the original ,palamoun and ,arcite was written just after those works1 or else 7which is more likely7 it was revised1 and became the ,knight's ,tale1 nearly at that time4 ,the connection between ,palamon and ,arcite1 ,anelida1 and the ,parlement of ,foules1 and the introduction of three stanzas from the ,teseide near the end of ,troilus1 render the former supposition unlikely2 whilst at the same time we are confirmed in the impression that the 7revised7 ,knightes ,tale succeeded ,boece and ,troilus at no long interval1 and was1 in fact1 the first of the ,canterbury ,tales that was written expressly for the purpose of being inserted in that collection1 viz4 about #ache-f4 #be4 ,,the ,,manuscripts4 ,i have now to explain the sources of the present edition4 #a4 ,,ms4 ,c4 ,,ms4 ,camb4 ,ii4 #c4 #ba4 ,this ,,ms41 in the ,cambridge ,university ,library1 is certainly the best2 and has therefore been taken as the basis of the text4 ,the ,english portion of it was printed by ,dr4 ,furnivall for the ,chaucer ,society in #ahhf2 and ,i have usually relied upon this very useful edition#dj4 ,it is a fine folio ,,ms41 wholly occupied with ,boethius 7,de ,consolatione ,philosophiae71 and comments upon it4 ,it is divided into two distinct parts1 which have been bound up together4 ,the latter portion consists of a lengthy commentary upon ,boethius1 at the end of which we find the title1 viz4--',exposicio preclara quam ,iohannes ,theutonicus prescripsit et finiuit ,anno domini ,mo,c,c,cvj viij ydus ,iunii2' i4e4 ,an ,excellent ,commentary1 written by ,johannes ,teutonicus1 and finished ,june #f1 #acjf4 ,this vast commentary occupies #aah folios1 in double columns4 ,the former part of the volume concerns us more nearly4 ,i take it to be1 for all practical purposes1 the authentic copy4 ,for it presents the following peculiarities4 ,it contains the whole of the ,latin text1 as well as ,chaucer's ,english version2 and it is surprising to find that these are written in alternate chapters4 ,thus the volume begins with the ,latin text of ,metre #a1 at the close of which there follows immediately1 on the same page1 ,chaucer's translation of ,metre #a4 ,next comes ,prose #a in ,latin1 followed by ,prose #a in ,english2 and so throughout4 ,again1 if we examine the ,latin text1 there seems reason to suppose that it fairly represents the very recension which ,chaucer used4 ,it abounds with side-notes and glosses1 all in ,latin2 and the glosses correspond to those in ,chaucer's version4 ,thus1 to take an example1 the following lines occur near the end of ,bk4 iii4 met4 #aa3-- ',nam cur rogati sponte recte#da censetis ,ni mersus alto uiueret fomes corde4' ,over rogati is written the gloss i4 interrogato4 ,over censetis is written i4 iudicatis4 ,over ,ni is i4 nisi2 over mersus alto is i4 latenter conditos2 over uiueret is i4 vigeret2 and over fomes is i4 radix veritatis4 ,besides these glosses1 there is here the following side-note3--',nisi radix veritatis latenter conditus vigeret in abscondito mentis1 homo non iudicaret recta quacunque ordinata interrogata4' ,when we turn to ,chaucer's version1 we find that he first gives a translation of the two verses1 thus3-- ',for wherefor elles demen ye of your owne wil the rightes1 whan ye ben axed1 but-yif so were that the norisshinge of resoun ne livede y-plounged in the depthe of your herte8' ,after this he adds1 by way of comment3--',this is to seyn1 how sholden men demen the sooth of anything that were axed1 yif ther nere a rote of soothfastnesse that were y-plounged and hid in naturel principles1 the whiche soothfastnesse lived with-in the deepnesse of the thought4' ,it is obvious that he has here reproduced the general sense of the ,latin side-note above quoted4 ,the chief thing which is missing in the ,latin is the expression 'in naturel principles4' ,but we have only to look to a passage a little higher up1 and we find the line-- ',suis retrusum possidere thesauris4' ,over the word retrusum is written i4 absconditum2 and over thesauris is i4 naturalibus policiis et principiis naturaliter inditis4 ,out of these we have only to pick the words absconditum naturalibus 444 principiis1 and we at once obtain the missing phrase--'hid in naturel principles4' ,or1 to take another striking example4 ,bk4 iv4 met4 #g begins1 in the ,,ms41 with the lines3 ',bella bis quinis operatus annis ,vltor attrides frigie ruinis1 ,fratris amissos thalamos piauit4' ,at the beginning1 just above these1 is written a note3 ',istud metrum est de tribus exemplis3 de agamenone 7sic72 secundum de vlixe2 tertium1 de hercule4' ,the glosses are these2 over quinis is i4 decim2 over attrides is agamenon 7sic72 over ,fratris is s4 menelai2 and over piauit is i4 vlcissendo 7sic7 purgauit3 troia enim erat metropolis ,frigie4 ,if we turn to ,chaucer's version1 in which ,i print the additions to the text in italics1 we find that it runs thus3-- ',the wreker ,attrides1 that is to seyn1 ,agamenon1 that wroughte and continuede the batailes by ten yeer1 recovered and purgede in wrekinge1 by the destruccioun of ,troye1 the loste chaumbres of mariage of his brother2 this is to seyn1 that he1 ,agamenon1 wan ayein ,eleyne1 that was ,menelaus wyf his brother4' ,we see how this was made up4 ,not a little curious are the spellings ,attrides and ,agamenon#db1 as occurring both in the ,latin part of this ,,ms4 and in ,chaucer's version4 ,again1 ,chaucer has ten1 corresponding to the gloss decim1 not to the textual phrase bis quinis4 ,his explanation of piauit by recovered and purgede in wrekinge is clearly due to the gloss ulciscendo purgauit4 ,his substitution of ,troye for ,frigie is due to the gloss3 troia enim erat metropolis ,frigie4 ,and even the name ,menelaus his brother answers to ,fratris1 s4 menelai4 ,and all that is left1 as being absolutely his own1 are the words and continuede1 recovered1 and wan ayein ,eleyne4 ,we soon discover that1 in a hundred instances1 he renders a single ,latin verb or substantive by two ,english verbs or substantives1 by way of making the sense clearer2 which accounts for his introduction of the verbs continuede and recovered2 and this consideration reduces ,chaucer's additional contribution to a mention of the name of ,eleyne1 which was of course extremely familiar to him4 ,similarly1 we find in this ,,ms4 the original of the gloss explaining coempcioun 7p4 #aa72 of the ',glose' on p4 #ae2 of the ',glosa' on p4 #bf2 and of most of the notes which1 at first sight1 look like additions by ,chaucer himself#dc4 ,the result is that1 in all difficulties1 the first authority to be consulted is the ,latin text in this particular ,,ms42 for we are easily led to conclude that it was intentionally designed to preserve both ,chaucer's translation and the original text4 ,it does not follow that it is always perfect2 for it can only be a copy of the ,latin1 and the scribe may err4 ,in writing recte for recta 7see note on p4 xxxviii71 he has certainly committed an error by a slip of the pen4 ,the same mistake has been observed to occur in another ,,ms41 viz4 ,codex ,gothanus ,i4 ,the only drawback is this4 ,the ,,ms4 is so crowded with glosses and side-notes1 many of them closely written in small characters1 that it is almost impossible to consult them all4 ,i have therefore contented myself with resorting to them for information in difficult passages only4 ,for further remarks on this subject1 ,i must refer the reader to the ,notes4 ,lastly1 ,i may observe that the design of preserving in this ,,ms4 all the apparatus referring to ,chaucer's ,boethius1 is made the more apparent by the curious fact that1 in this ,,ms4 only1 the two poems by ,chaucer that are closely related to ,boethius1 viz4 ,the ,former ,age1 and ,fortune1 are actually inserted into the very body of it1 immediately after ,bk4 ii4 met4 #e4 ,this place was of course chosen because ,the ,former ,age is1 to some extent1 a verse translation of that metre2 and ,fortune was added because1 being founded upon scraps from several chapters1 it had no definite claim to any specific place of its own4 ,in this ,,ms41 the ,english text1 like the ,latin one1 has a few imperfections4 ,one imperfection appears in certain peculiarities of spelling4 ,the scribe seems to have had some habits of pronunciation that betoken a greater familiarity with ,anglo-,french than with ,english4 ,the awkward position of the guttural sound of gh in neighebour seems to have been too much for him2 hence he substituted ssh 7 sh-sh7 for gh1 and gives us the spelling neysshebour 7,bk4 ii4 pr4 #c4 #bd1 foot-note2 pr4 #g4 #eg1 foot-note47 ,nevertheless1 it is the best ,,ms4 and has most authority4 ,for further remarks1 see the account of the present edition1 on pp4 xlvi-xlviii4 #b4 ,,ms4 ,camb4 ,ii4 #a4 #ch4 ,this ,,ms4 also belongs to the ,cambridge ,university ,library1 and was written early in the fifteenth century4 ,it contains #h complete quires of #h leaves1 and #a incomplete quire of #f leaves1 making #gj leaves in all4 ,the ,english version appears alone1 and occupies #fh leaves1 and part of leaf #fi recto2 leaf #fi1 verso1 and leaf #gj1 are blank4 ,the last words are3--'e eyen of e ,iuge at seeth and demeth alle thinges4 ,explicit liber boecij1 c4' ,other treatises1 in ,latin1 are bound up with it1 but are unrelated4 ,the readings of this ,,ms4 agree very closely with those of ,ii4 #c4 #ba1 and of our text4 ,thus1 in ,met4 i4 l4 #i1 it has the reading wyerdes1 with the gloss s4 fata1 as in ,ii4 #c4 #ba4 7,the scribe at first wrote wyerldes1 but the l is marked for expunction47 ,in l4 #ab1 it has emptid1 whereas the ,addit4 ,,ms4 has emty2 and in l4 #af it has nayteth1 whereas the ,addit4 ,,ms4 wrongly has naieth4 ,on account of its close agreement with the text1 ,i have made but little use of it4 ,it is worth notice that this ,,ms4 7like ,harl4 #bdba7 frequently has correct readings in cases where even the ,,ms4 above described exhibits some blunder4 ,a few such instances are given in the notes4 ,for example1 it has the reading wrythith in ,bk4 i4 met4 #d4 #g1 where ,,ms4 ,c4 has the absurd word writith1 and ,,ms4 ,a4 has wircheth4 ,in the very next line1 it has thonder-leit1 and it is highly probable that leit is the real word1 and light an ignorant substitution2 for leit 7answering to ,a4,s4 leget1 liget7 is the right ,m4,e4 word for 'lightning'2 see the examples in ,stratmann4 ,so again1 in ,bk4 ii4 met4 #c4 #ac1 it reads ouer-whelueth1 like the black-letter editions2 whilst ,,ms4 ,c4 turns whelueth into welueeth1 and ,,ms4 ,a4 gives the spelling whelweth4 ,in ,bk4 ii4 pr4 #f4 #fc1 it correctly retains ,i after may1 though ,,mss4 ,c4 and ,a4 both omit it4 ,in ,bk4 ii4 pr4 #h4 #ag1 it has wyndy1 not wyndynge2 and ,i shew 7in the note at p4 #dcd7 that windy is1 after all1 the correct reading1 since the ,lat4 text has uentosam4 ,in ,bk4 iii4 met4 #c4 #a1 it resembles the printed editions in the insertion of the words or a goter after river4 ,in ,bk4 iv4 pr4 #c4 #dg1 #dh1 it preserves the missing words3 peyne1 he ne douteth nat at he nys entecchid and defouled with4 ,in ,bk4 iv4 met4 #f4 #bd1 it has the right reading1 viz4 brethith4 ,finally1 it usually retains the word whylom in places where the ,,ms4 next described substitutes the word somtyme4 ,if any difficulty in the text raises future discussion1 it is clear that this ,,ms4 should be consulted4 #c4 ,,ms4 ,a4 ,,ms4 ,addit4 #ajcdj1 in the ,british ,museum4 ,this is the ,,ms4 printed at length by ,dr4 ,morris for the ,early ,english ,text ,society1 and denoted by the letter ',a4' in my foot-notes4 ,as it is so accessible1 ,i need say but little4 ,it is less correct than ,,ms4 ,ii4 #c4 #ba in many readings1 and the spelling1 on the whole1 is not so good4 ,the omissions in it are also more numerous1 but it occasionally preserves a passage which the ,cambridge ,,ms4 omits4 ,it is also imperfect1 as it omits ,prose #h and ,metre #h of ,bk4 ii41 and ,prose #a of ,bk4 iii4 ,it has been collated throughout1 though ,i have usually refrained from quoting such readings from it as are evidently inferior or wrong4 ,i notice one peculiarity in particular1 viz4 that it almost invariably substitutes the word somtyme for the whylom found in other copies2 and whylom1 in this treatise1 is a rather common word4 ,dr4 ,morris's account of the ,,ms4 is here copied4 ',the ,additional ,,ms4 is written by a scribe who was unacquainted with the force of the final -e4 ,thus he adds it to the preterites of strong verbs1 which do not require it2 he omits it in the preterites of weak verbs where it is wanted1 and attaches it to passive participles of weak verbs1 where it is superfluous4 ,the scribe of the ,cambridge ,,ms4 is careful to preserve the final -e where it is a sign 7#a7 of the definite declension of the adjective2 7#b7 of the plural adjective2 7#c7 of the infinitive mood2 7#d7 of the preterite of weak verbs2 7#e7 of present participles2 7#f7 of the #bnd pers4 pret4 indic4 of strong verbs2 7#g7 of adverbs2 7#h7 of an older vowel-ending4 ',the ,addit4 ,,ms4 has frequently thilk 7singular and plural7 and -nes 7in wrechednes1 c471 when the ,camb4 ,,ms4 has thilke 7as usual in the ,canterbury ,tales7 and -nesse4' ,the copy of ,boethius is contained on foll4 #c-dj4 ,on fol4 #da1 recto1 is a copy of ,chaucer's ,truth1 and the description of the ',persone1' extracted from the ,prologue to the ,cant4 ,tales4 ,the other side of the leaf is blank4 ,this is1 in fact1 the ,,ms4 which ,i denote by ',at41' as described in the ,introduction to the ',minor ,poems' in vol4 i4 p4 #eg4 #d4 ,,ms4 ,addit4 #afafe1 in the ,british ,museum4 ,this is one of ,shirley's ,,mss41 being that which ,i denote by ',ad41' and have described in the ,introduction to the ',minor ,poems' in vol4 i4 p4 #ef4 ,i believe this ,,ms4 to be of less value than ,,ms4 ,a4 7above71 and have therefore not collated it2 for even ,a4 is not a very good authority4 #e4 ,,ms4 ,harl4 #bdba4 ,the ,harleian ,catalogue describes it thus3 ',torq4 ,sever4 ,boetius3 his #e ,books of the ,comfort of ,philosophy4 ,translated into ,english4 ,on vellum1 #aeb leaves4 ,,xv century4' ,a small quarto ,,ms4 of the middle of the fifteenth century4 ,the first ,prose of ,bk4 i4 begins 7like ,,ms4 ,a47 with the words3 ',in e mene while at y stil recorded ese inges2' c4 ,hence are derived the readings marked ',h4' in ,morris's edition1 pp4 #fb-fd4 ,it rightly reads writheth1 wyndy1 bretheth 7see p4 xlii74 #f4 ,the celebrated ,hengwrt ,,ms4 of the ,canterbury ,tales 7denoted by ',hn4' in the foot-notes to that poem7 contains a part of ,chaucer's ,boethius4 ,see the ,second ,report of the ,historical ,,mss4 ,commission1 p4 #ajf4 #g4 ,there is also a copy in a ,,ms4 belonging to the ,cathedral ,library at ,salisbury4 ,it was discovered by ,dr4 ,wlker in #ahge2 see the ,academy for ,oct4 #e1 #ahge4 ,bk4 i4 met4 #a was printed1 from this ,,ms41 by ,dr4 ,wlker in ,anglia1 ii4 #cgc4 ,it resembles ,,ms4 ,a4 #h4 ,in the ,phillipps collection1 ,,ms4 no4 #idgb is described as ',boetius' ,boke of ,comfort1' and is said to be of the fifteenth century4 ,i do not know its real contents4 #bf4 ,,the ,,printed ,,editions4 ,,caxton4 ,chaucer's ,boethius was first printed by ,caxton1 without date2 but probably before #adgi4 ,see the description in ,the ,biography and ,typography of ,w4 ,caxton1 by ,w4 ,blades2 second edition1 #ahhb2 p4 #bac4 ,a complete collation of this text with ,,ms4 ,a41 as printed by ,morris1 was printed by ,l4 ,kellner1 of ,vienna1 in ,englische ,studien1 vol4 xiv1 pp4 #a-ec2 of which ,i have gladly availed myself4 ,the text agrees very closely indeed with that printed by ,thynne in #aecb1 and resembles ,,ms4 ,c4 rather than ,,ms4 ,a4 ,perhaps it is necessary to remark that the readings of ,,ms4 ,c41 as given in ,kellner's collation1 are sometimes incorrect1 because ,,ms4 ,c4 had not at that time been printed1 and the readings of that ,,ms4 were only known to him from the foot-notes in ,morris's edition1 which are not exhaustive1 but only record the more important variations4 ,there is a curious but natural error1 for example1 in his note on l4 #ajjb of ,morris's edition 7,bk4 ii4 met4 #c4 #ad1 p4 #cb1 l4 #a71 where ,,ms4 ,c4 has gheelde 7 zeelde74 ,the word is missing in ,,ms4 ,a41 but ,morris supplied it from ,c4 to complete the text4 ,hence the foot-note has3 'gheelde--from ,c4'2 meaning that ,a4 omits gheelde1 which is supplied from ,c4 ,this ,kellner took to mean that ,a4 has gheelde1 and ,c4 has from4 ,however1 the readings of ,a4 and of ,caxton are given with all possible care and minuteness2 and now that ,c4 is also in type1 the slight inevitable errors are easily put right4 ,this excellent piece of work has saved me much trouble4 ,it turns out that ,caxton's text is of great value4 ,he followed a ,,ms4 7now lost7 which is1 in some places1 even more correct than ,,ms4 ,c4 ,the following readings are of great importance1 as they correct ,,mss4 ,c4 and ,a4 7,i denote ,caxton's edition by the symbol ,cx47 ,bk4 i4 met4 #d4 #g4 ,cx4 writheth4 7,cf4 p4 xlii4 above1 l4 #f47 ,bk4 i4 met4 #d4 #h4 ,cx4 thonder leyte#dd4 ,bk4 i4 met4 #e4 #bf4 ,cx4 punisheth4 ,bk4 i4 met4 #e4 #bh4 ,cx4 on the nekkes4 ,bk4 i4 pr4 #f4 #ed4 ,cx4 funden 7but read founden74 ,bk4 i4 pr4 #f4 #fe4 ,cx4 norissing4 7,perhaps better than norisshinges1 as in the ,,mss42 for the ,lat4 text has the sing4 fomitem47 ,cf4 ,bk4 iii4 met4 #aa4 #bg4 ,bk4 ii4 pr4 #c4 #ei4 ,cx4 seeld 7better selde74 ,it is clear that yelde in ,,ms4 ,a4 arose from a reading ghelde1 which really meant zelde1 the ,southern form of selde4 ,see below4 ,bk4 ii4 met4 #c4 #ad4 ,cx4 selde 7correctly74 ,and so again in ,bk4 ii4 pr4 #f4 #ae4 ,bk4 ii4 pr4 #f4 #fc4 ,cx4 may ,i most4 7,,mss4 ,c4 ,a4 omit ,i47 ,bk4 ii4 pr4 #h4 #ag4 ,cx4 wyndy 7which is right2 see note1 p4 #dcd74 ,bk4 iii4 pr4 #a4 #bf4 ,cx4 thyne 7better thyn1 as in ,thynne74 ,bk4 iii4 pr4 #aj4 #aj4 ,cx4 denyed 7or read deneyed74 ,bk4 iii4 pr4 #aj4 #ea4 ,cx4 that the fader4 7,,mss4 that this prince47 ,caxton's translation is closer2 ,lat4 text1 patrem4 ,bk4 iii4 pr4 #aa4 #aaf4 ,cx4 slepen4 ,bk4 iii4 pr4 #aa4 #aeb4 ,cx4 maistow 7,thynne has mayst thou7 ,,ms4 ,c4 omits thou2 and ,,ms4 ,a4 is defective4 ,bk4 iii4 pr4 #ab4 #adc4 ,cx4 ,parmenides4 ,bk4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #eb4 ,cx4 be cleped4 ,bk4 iv4 pr4 #f4 #ahh1 #ahi4 ,cx4 and some dispyse that they mowe not here 7misprint for bere74 ,,mss4 ,c4 and ,a4 omit this clause4 ,bk4 v4 pr4 #a4 #i1 #aj4 ,cx4 assoilen to the the dette 7where the former the thee74 ,bk4 v4 pr4 #c4 #adb4 ,cx4 impetren4 ,in a few places1 ,caxton's text is somewhat fuller than that of the ,,mss4 ,thus in ,bk4 ii4 pr4 #c4 #h1 ,cx4 has3 thei ben herd and sowne in eeres thei1 c4 ,however1 the ,lat4 text has merely3 'cum audiuntur4' ,and again1 only #i lines lower 7l4 #ag71 ,cx4 inserts and ajuste after moeve2 but the ,lat4 text has merely3 'admouebo4' ,in some cases1 it is closer to the ,latin text2 as1 e4 g4 in ,bk4 i4 met4 #c4 #i1 where ,cx4 has kaue 7,lat4 antro71 whereas ,,mss4 ,c4 and ,a4 have the pl4 kaues4 ,in ,bk4 i4 pr4 #c4 #da1 where ,c4 has the ,e4 form ,sorans1 ,cx4 preserves the ,latin form ,soranos4 ,it thus appears that a collation with ,caxton's text is of considerable service4 ,,thynne4 ,thynne's edition of ,chaucer1 printed in #aecb1 contains ,boethius4 ,i suspect that ,thynne simply reprinted ,caxton's text1 without consulting any other authority2 for it is hard to detect any difference1 except that his spellings are somewhat less archaic4 ,hence this text1 by a lucky accident1 is an extremely good one1 and ,i have constantly referred to it in all cases of difficulty4 ,readings from this edition are marked in the foot-notes with the symbol ',ed4' ,the later black-letter copies are mere reprints of ,thynne's text1 each being1 as usual1 a little worse than its predecessor1 owing to the introduction of misprints and later forms4 ,i have consulted the editions of #aeej 7undated7 and #aefa4 ,perhaps the most readable edition is that by ,chalmers1 in vol4 i4 of his ,british ,poets1 as it is in ,roman type4 ,it closely resembles the edition of #aefa1 and is therefore not very correct4 #bg4 ,,the ,,present ,,edition4 ,the present edition is1 practically1 the first in which the preparation of the text has received adequate attention4 ,caxton's edition probably represents a single ,,ms41 though a very good one2 and all the black-letter editions merely reproduce the same text1 with various new errors4 ,dr4 ,morris's edition was unfortunately founded on an inferior ,,ms41 as he discovered before the printing of it was completed4 ,dr4 ,furnivall's text reproduces the excellent ,,ms4 ,c41 but collation was rightly refrained from1 as his object was to give the exact spellings of the ,,ms4 for the benefit of students4 ,hence there are several passages1 in both of these editions1 which do not afford the best sense2 in a few places1 they are less correct than the black-letter editions4 ,it is also a considerable drawback to the reader1 that they reproduce1 of course intentionally and fully1 the troublesome and obscure punctuation-marks of the ,,mss4 ,finding the ground thus clear1 ,i have taken occasion to introduce the following improvements4 ,the text is founded on ,,ms4 ,c41 certainly the best extant authority1 which it follows1 on the whole1 very closely4 ,at the same time1 it has been carefully collated throughout with the text of ,,ms4 ,a41 and 7what is even more important7 with the texts printed by ,caxton and ,thynne and with the original ,latin text 7#a7 as given in the edition by ,obbarius 7,jena #ahdc7de and 7#b7 as existing in ,,ms4 ,c4 ,the latter usually gives the exact readings of the ,,ms4 used by ,chaucer himself4 ,by taking these precautions1 ,i have introduced a considerable number of necessary corrections1 so that we now possess a very close approximation to the original text as it left ,chaucer's hands4 ,in all cases where emendations are made1 the various readings are given in the foot-notes1 where ',c4' and ',a4' refer to the two chief ,,mss41 and ',ed4' refers to ,thynne's first edition 7#aecb74 ,but ,i have intentionally refrained from crowding these foot-notes with inferior readings which are certainly false4 ,some readings from the excellent ,,ms4 ,ii4 #a4 #ch are given in the ,notes2 ,i now wish that ,i had collated it throughout4 ,i have introduced modern punctuation4 ,as ,i am here entirely responsible1 the reader is at liberty to alter it1 provided that he is justified in so doing by the ,latin text4 ,wherever ,chaucer has introduced explanatory words and phrases which are not in the ,latin text1 ,i have printed them in italics2 as in lines #f1 #g1 and #ah on page #a4 ,however1 these words and phrases are seldom original2 they are usually translated or adapted from some of the ,latin glosses and notes with which ,,ms4 ,c4 abounds2 as explained above1 at p4 xxxviii4 ,i have also adopted an entirely new system of numbering4 ,in ,dr4 ,morris's edition1 every line of the printed text is numbered consecutively1 from #a up to #ebai1 which is the last line of the treatise4 ,in ,dr4 ,furnivall's print of ,,ms4 ,c41 a new numbering begins on every page1 from #a to #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 or #ce4 ,both these methods are entirely useless for general reference4 ,the right method of reference is ,tyrwhitt's1 viz4 to treat every chapter separately4 ,thus a reference to ',bk4 #a4 met4 #b' serves for every edition2 but ,i have further taken occasion to number the lines of every chapter1 for greater convenience4 ,thus the word acountinge occurs in ,bk4 i4 met4 #b4 #aj3 and even in referring to a black-letter edition1 the number #aj is of some use1 since it shews that the word occurs very nearly in the middle of the ,metre4 ,the usual method of referring to editions by the page is an extremely poor and inconvenient makeshift2 and it is really nearly time that editors should learn this elementary lesson4 ,unfortunately1 some difficulty will always remain as to the numbering of the lines of prose works1 because the length of each line is indefinite4 ,the longest chapter1 ,bk4 iv4 pr4 #f1 here extends to #beh lines2 the shortest1 ,bk4 iii4 met4 #c1 has less than #g lines4 ,i have also corrected the spelling of ,,ms4 ,c4 in a large number of places1 but within very narrow limits4 ,the use of the final e in that ,,ms4 is exceedingly correct1 and has almost always been followed1 except where notice to the contrary is given in the notes4 ,my corrections are chiefly limited to the substitution of in for yn1 and of i for short y1 in such words as bygynnen1 for which ,i write biginnen2 the substitution of y for long i1 as in whylom1 when the ,,ms4 has whilom2 the use of v for the ,,ms4 symbol u 7where necessary72 the substitution of sch or ssh for ss1 when the sound intended is double sh2 and the substitution of e and o for ee and oo where the vowels are obviously long by their position in the word4 ,i also substitute -eth and -ed for the variable -eth or -ith1 and -ed1 -id1 or -yd of the ,,ms4 ,such changes render the text more uniformly phonetic1 and much more readable1 without really interfering with the evidence4 ,changes of a bolder character are duly noted4 ,the introduction of these slight improvements will not really trouble the reader4 ,the trouble has been the editor's2 for ,i found that the only satisfactory way of producing a really good text was to rewrite the whole of it4 ,it seemed worth while to have a useful critical edition of ',boethius' for general reference1 because of the considerable use which ,chaucer himself made of his translation when writing many of his later poems4 ,the ,notes are all new1 in the sense that no annotated edition of ,chaucer's text has hitherto appeared4 ,but many of them are1 necessarily1 copied or adapted from the notes to the ,latin text in the editions by ,vallinus and ,valpy4 ,,introduction ,,to ,,troilus4 #a4 ,,date ,,of ,,the ,,work4 ,the probable date is about #achj-b1 and can hardly have been earlier than #acgi or later than #achc4 ,no doubt it was in hand for a considerable time4 ,it certainly followed close upon the translation of ,boethius2 see p4 vii above4 #b4 ,,sources ,,of ,,the ,,work4 ,the chief authority followed by ,chaucer is ,boccaccio's poem named ,il ,filostrato1 in #i ,parts or ,books of very variable length1 and composed in ottava rima1 or stanzas containing eight lines each4 ,i have used the copy in the ,opere ,volgari di ,g4 ,boccaccio2 ,firenze1 #ahcb4 ,owing to the patient labours of ,mr4 ,w4 ,m4 ,rossetti1 who has collated the ,filostrato with the ,troilus line by line1 and published the results of his work for the ,chaucer ,society in #ahge1 we are able to tell the precise extent to which ,chaucer is indebted to ,boccaccio for this story4 ,the ,filostrato contains #egjd lines2 and the ,troilus #hbci lines#df1 if we do not reckon in the #ab ,latin lines printed below1 at p4 #djd4 ,hence we obtain the following result4 ,total of lines in ,troilus #hbci ,adapted from the ,filostrato 7#bgcj lines1 condensed into7 #behc ---- ,balance due to ,chaucer #efef ,in other words1 ,chaucer's debt to ,boccaccio amounts to less than one-third of the whole poem2 and there remains more than two-thirds of it to be accounted for from other sources4 ,but even after all deductions have been made for passages borrowed from other authors1 very nearly two-thirds remain for which ,chaucer is solely responsible4 ,as in the case of the ,knightes ,tale1 close investigation shews that ,chaucer is1 after all1 less indebted to ,boccaccio than might seem1 upon a hasty comparison1 to be the case4 ,as it was found impracticable to give ,mr4 ,rossetti's results in full1 ,i have drawn up lists of parallel passages in a somewhat rough way1 which are given in the ,notes1 at the beginning of every ,book2 see pp4 #dfa1 #dfg1 #dgd1 #dhd1 #did4 ,these lists are sufficiently accurate to enable the reader1 in general1 to discover the passages which are in no way due to the ,filostrato4 #c4 ,i have taken occasion1 at the same time1 to note other passages for which ,chaucer is indebted to some other authors4 ,of these we may particularly note the following4 ,in ,book ,i1 lines #djj-dbj are translated from ,petrarch's #hhth ,sonnet1 which is quoted at length at p4 #dfd4 ,in ,book ,,iii1 lines #hac-hcc1 #afbe-i1 and #agdd-agfh are all from the second ,book of ,boethius 7,prose #d1 #hf-abj and #d-aj1 and ,metre #h74 ,in ,book ,,iv1 lines #igd-ajgh are from ,boethius1 ,book ,v4 ,in ,book ,v1 lines #a-ad and #ahjg-bg are from various parts of ,boccaccio's ,teseide2 and a part of the last stanza is from ,dante4 ,on account of such borrowings1 we may subtract about #bbj lines more from ,chaucer's 'balance'2 which still leaves due to him nearly #edcf lines4 #d4 ,of course it will be readily understood that1 in the case of these #edcf lines1 numerous short quotations and allusions occur1 most of which are pointed out in the notes4 ,thus1 in ,book ,,ii1 lines #djb-c are from ,ovid1 ,art4 ,amat4 ii4 #aah2 lines #gaf-h are from ,le ,roman de la ,rose#dg2 and so on4 ,no particular notice need be taken of this1 as similar hints are utilised in other poems by ,chaucer2 and1 indeed1 by all other poets4 ,but there is one particular case of borrowing1 of considerable importance1 which will be considered below1 in #i 7p4 liii74 #e4 ,it is1 however1 necessary to observe here that1 in taking his story from ,boccaccio1 ,chaucer has so altered and adapted it as to make it peculiarly his own2 precisely as he has done in the case of the ,knightes ,tale4 ,sometimes he translates very closely and even neatly1 and sometimes he takes a mere hint from a long passage4 ,he expands or condenses his material at pleasure2 and even1 in some cases1 transposes the order of it4 ,it is quite clear that he gave himself a free hand4 ,the most important point is that he did not accept the characters of the three chief actors1 ,troilus1 ,criseyde1 and ,pandarus1 as pourtrayed by ,boccaccio2 he did not even accept all the incidents which gave occasion for their behaviour4 ,pandarus is no longer the cousin of ,criseyde1 a young and dashing gallant1 but her middle-aged uncle1 with blunted perceptions of what is moral and noble4 ,in fact1 ,chaucer's ,pandarus is a thorough and perfect study of character1 drawn with a dramatic skill not inferior to that of ,shakespeare1 and worthy of the author of the immortal ,prologue to the ,canterbury ,tales4 ,i must leave the fuller consideration of these points to others2 it is hardly necessary to repeat1 at full length1 the ,prefatory ,remarks by ,mr4 ,rossetti1 whilst at the same time1 if ,i begin to quote from them1 ,i shall hardly know where to stop4 ,see also ,ten ,brink's ,english ,literature1 and ,morley's ,english ,writers1 vol4 v4 #f4 ,it has been observed that1 whilst ,chaucer carefully read and made very good use of two of ,boccaccio's works1 viz4 ,il ,filostrato and ,il ,teseide1 he nowhere mentions ,boccaccio by name2 and this has occasioned some surprise4 ,but we must not apply modern ideas to explain medieval facts1 as is so frequently done4 ,when we consider how often ,,mss4 of works by known authors have no author's name attached to them1 it becomes likely that ,chaucer obtained manuscript copies of these works unmarked by the author's name2 and though he must doubtless have been aware of it1 there was no cogent reason why he should declare himself indebted to one in whom ,englishmen were1 as yet1 quite uninterested4 ,even when he refers to ,petrarch in the ,clerk's ,prologue 7,e #bg-ce71 he has to explain who he was1 and to inform readers of his recent death4 ,in those days1 there was much laxity in the mode of citing authors4 #g4 ,it will help us to understand matters more clearly1 if we further observe the haphazard manner in which quotations were often made4 ,we know1 for example1 that no book was more accessible than the ,vulgate version of the ,bible2 yet it is quite common to find the most curious mistakes made in reference to it4 ,the author of ,piers ,plowman 7,b4 text1 iii4 #ic-ie7 attributes to ,solomon a passage which he quotes from ,job1 and 7,b4 vii4 #abc7 to ,st4 ,luke1 a passage from ,st4 ,matthew2 and again 7,b4 vi4 #bdj7 to ,st4 ,matthew1 a passage from ,st4 ,luke4 ,chaucer makes many mistakes of a like nature2 ,i will only cite here his reference to ,solomon 7,cant4 ,tales1 ,a #dccj71 as the author of a passage in ,ecclesiasticus4 ,even in modern dictionaries we find passages cited from ',dryden' or ',bacon' at large1 without further remark2 as if the verification of a reference were of slight consequence4 ,this may help to explain to us the curious allusion to ,zanzis as being the author of a passage which ,chaucer must have known was from his favourite ,ovid 7see note to ,troil4 iv4 #dad71 whilst he was1 at the same time1 well aware that ,zanzis was not a poet1 but a painter 7,cant4 ,tales1 ,c #af72 however1 in this case we have probably to do with a piece of our author's delicious banter1 since he adds that ,pandarus was speaking 'for the nonce4' ,there is another point about medieval quotations which must by no means be missed4 ,they were frequently made1 not from the authors themselves1 but from manuscript note-books which contained hundreds of choice passages1 from all sorts of authors1 collected by diligent compilers4 ,thus it was1 ,i strongly suspect1 that ,albertano of ,brescia was enabled to pour out such quantities of quotations as those which ,chaucer copied from him in his ,tale of ,melibeus4 ,thus it was that borrowers of such note-books often trusted to their strong memories for the words of a quotation1 yet forgot or mistook the author's name2 as was readily done when a dozen such names occurred on every page4 ,a ,,ms4 of this character is before me now4 ,it contains many subjects in alphabetical order4 ,under ,fortitudo are given #ag quotations which more or less relate to it1 from ,ambrose1 ,gregory1 ,chrysostom1 and the rest1 all in less than a single page4 ,and thus it was1 without doubt1 that ,chaucer made acquaintance with the three scraps of ,horace which ,i shall presently consider4 ,it is obvious that ,chaucer never saw ,horace's works in the complete state2 if he had done so1 he would have found a writer after his own heart1 and he would have quoted him even more freely than he has quoted ,ovid4 ',chaucer on ,horace' would have been delightful indeed2 but this treat was denied1 both to him and to us4 #h4 ,the first and second scraps from ,horace are hackneyed quotations4 ',multa renascentur' occurs in ,troil4 ii4 #bb 7see note1 p4 #dfh72 and ',humano capiti' in ,troil4 ii4 #ajda 7note1 p4 #dgb74 ,in the third case 7p4 #dfd71 there is no reason why we should hesitate to accept the theory1 suggested by ,dr4 ,g4 ,latham 7,athenum1 ,oct4 #c1 #ahfh7 and by ,professor ,ten ,brink independently1 that the well-known line 7,epist4 ,i1 #b4 #a7-- ',troiani belli scriptorem1 maxime ,lolli1' was misunderstood by ,chaucer 7or by some one else who misled him7 as implying that ,lollius was the name of a writer on the ,trojan war4 ,those who are best acquainted with the ways of medieval literature will least hesitate to adopt this view4 ,it is notorious that first lines of a poem are frequently quoted apart from their context1 and repeated as if they were complete2 and1 however amazing such a blunder may seem to us now1 there is really nothing very extraordinary about it4 ,we should also notice that ,lollius was to ,chaucer a mere name1 which he used1 in his usual manner1 as a sort of convenient embellishment2 for he is inconsistent in his use of it4 ,in ,book i4 #cid1 'myn autour called ,lollius' really means ,petrarch2 whereas in ,book v4 #afec1 though the reference is to the ,filostrato1 ,bk4 viii4 st4 #h1 ,chaucer probably meant no more than that ,lollius was an author whom the ,italian poet might have followed#dh4 ,cf4 my note to the ,house of ,fame1 #adfh1 where the name occurs for the third time4 ,we may also notice that1 in ,book iii4 #acbe1 ,chaucer bears testimony to the 'excellence' of his 'auctor4' ,the statement1 in ,book ii4 #ad1 that he took the story 'out of ,latin' is less helpful than it appears to be2 for ',latin' may mean either ,latin or ,italian4 #i4 ,i have spoken 7 #d7 of 'a particular case of borrowing1' which ,i now propose to consider more particularly4 ,the discovery that ,chaucer mainly drew his materials from ,boccaccio seems to have satisfied most enquirers2 and hence it has come to pass that one of ,chaucer's sources has been little regarded1 though it is really of some importance4 ,i refer to the ,historia ,troiana of ,guido delle ,colonne#di1 or1 as ,chaucer rightly calls him1 ,guido de ,columpnis1 i4e4 ,columnis 7,house of ,fame1 #adfi74 ,chaucer's obligations to this author have been insufficiently explored4 ,when1 in #ahhi1 in printing the ,legend of ,good ,women with an accuracy never before attempted1 ,i restored the ,,ms4 reading ,guido for the ,ouyde of all previous editions in l4 #acif1 a clue was thus obtained to a new source for some of ,chaucer's work4 ,it was thus made clear that the ,legend of ,hypsipyle and ,medea was primarily derived from this source2 and further1 that it was from ,guido that ,chaucer derived his use of ,ilioun to mean the citadel of ,troy 7,leg4 of ,good ,women1 #icf1 and note74 ,in the ,nonne ,prestes ,tale1 ,b #dcca1 as was pointed out by ,tyrwhitt long ago1 the dream of ,andromache is taken from ,guido4 ,and ,i find in ,lounsbury's ,studies in ,chaucer1 ii4 #cae1 the significant but insufficient remark1 that 'it was in ,guido da 7sic7 ,colonna's work that ,chaucer found the martial deeds of ,troilus recounted in full1 the slaughter he wrought1 and the terror he inspired4' ,hence we naturally come to the question1 what incidents in ,troilus are expressly due to ,guido8 #aj4 ,before answering this question1 it will be best to consider the famous crux1 as to the meaning of the word ,trophee4 ,when ,lydgate is speaking of his master's ,troilus1 viz4 in his ,prologue to the ,falls of ,princes1 st4 #c1 he says that ,chaucer 'made a translacion ,of a boke which called is ,trophe ,in ,lumbarde tong1' c4 ,no book or author is now known by that name2 and1 as ,chaucer was in this case much indebted to ,boccaccio1 critics have jumped to the conclusion that ,trophee means either ,boccaccio or the ,filostrato2 and this conclusion has been supported by arguments so hopeless as to need no repetition4 ,but it is most likely that ,lydgate1 who does not seem to have known any ,italian#ej1 spoke somewhat casually2 and1 as ,chaucer was to some extent indebted to ,guido1 he may possibly have meant ,guido4 ,so far1 ,i have merely stated a supposition which is1 in itself1 possible2 but ,i shall now adduce what ,i believe to be reasonable and solid proof of it4 ,we have yet another mention of ,trophee1 viz4 in ,chaucer himself6 ,in the ,monkes ,tale1 ,b #ccjg1 he says of ,hercules-- ',at bothe the worldes endes1 seith ,trophee1 ,in stede of boundes1 he a piler sette4' ,whence1 we may ask1 is this taken8 ,my answer is1 from ,guido4 #aa4 ,if we examine the sources of the story of ,hercules in the ,monkes ,tale1 we see that all the supposed facts except the one mentioned in the two lines above quoted are taken from ,boethius and ,ovid 7see the ,notes74 ,now the next most obvious source of information was ,guido's work1 since the very first ,book has a good deal about ,hercules1 and the ,legend of ,hypsipyle clearly shews us that ,chaucer was aware of this4 ,and1 although neither ,ovid 7in ,met4 ix47 nor ,boethius has any allusion to the ,pillars of ,hercules1 they are expressly mentioned by ,guido4 ,in the ,english translation called the ,gest ,historiale of the ,destruction of ,troy1 ed4 ,panton and ,donaldson 7which ,i call1 for brevity1 the alliterative ,troy-book71 l4 #cjh1 we read3-- ',but the wonders that he wroght in this world here ,in yche cuntr ben knowen under ,criste evyn4 ,tow pyllers he pight in a place lowe ,vppon ,gades groundes1 that he gotton had4' ,and again1 further on1 the ,latin text has3--',locus ille1 in quo predicte ,herculis columpne sunt affixe1 dicitur ,saracenica lingua ,saphy4' ,to which is added1 that ,alexander afterwards came to the same spot4 ,when ,lydgate1 in translating ,guido1 comes to this passage1 he says3-- ',and of the pyllers that at ,gades he set1 ,which ,alexsaundre1 of ,macedone the kyng1 ,that was so worthy here in his lyuynge1 ,rood in his conquest1 as ,guydo list to write1 ,with all his hoost proudely to visyte 444 ,and these boundes named be of all ,of ,hercules1 for he hymselfe theim set ,as for his markes1 all other for to lette ,ferther to passe1 as ,guydo maketh mynde'2 c4 ,siege of ,troye1 ed4 #aeee1 fol4 ,b#f4 ,we can now easily see that1 when ,lydgate speaks of the book 'which called is ,trophe in ,lumbarde tong1' he is simply copying the name of the book from ,chaucer1 though he seems also to have heard some rumour of its being so called in ,italy4 #ab4 ,why this particular book was so called1 we have no means of knowing#ea2 but this does not invalidate the fact here pointed out4 ,of course the ,latin side-note in some of the ,,mss4 of the ,monkes ,tale1 which explains ',trophee' as referring to 'ille vates ,chaldeorum ,tropheus1' must be due to some mistake1 even if it emanated 7as is possible7 from ,chaucer himself4 ,it is probable that1 when the former part of the ,monkes ,tale was written1 ,chaucer did not know much about ,guido's work2 for the account of ,hercules occurs in the very first chapter4 ,perhaps he confused the name of ,tropheus with that of ,trogus1 i4e4 ,pompeius ,trogus the historian1 whose work is one of the authorities for the history of the ,assyrian monarchy4 #ac4 ,it remains for me to point out some of the passages in ,troilus which are clearly due to ,guido1 and are not found in ,boccaccio at all4 ,book ,i4 #ade-g3-- ',but the ,troyane gestes1 as they felle1 ,in ,omer1 or in ,dares1 or in ,dyte1 ,who-so that can1 may rede hem as they wryte4' ,the reference here is simply to ,guido's history1 whence1 and not at first hand1 both ,chaucer and his readers could easily get the required information4 ,guido constantly refers to these authors2 and1 although he speaks disrespectfully of ,homer#eb1 he professes to put great faith in ,dares and ,dytes1 whose names he frequently cites as being those of his best authorities#ec4 ,with the description of ,troilus in ll4 #ajgb-ajhe1 it is interesting to compare the words of ,guido1 in ,book ,,viii4 ',troilus vero1 licet multum fuit corpore magnus1 magis fuit tamen corde magnanimus2 animosus multum1 set multam habuit in sua animositate temperiem2 dilectus plurimum a puellis cum ipse aliqualem seruando modestiam delectaretur in illis4 ,in viribus et strenuitate bellandi uel fuit alius ,hector uel secundus ab ipso4 ,in toto eciam regno ,troie iuuenis nullus fuit tantis viribus nec tanta audacia gloriosus#ed4' ,the latter part of this description should be compared with ,book ,,ii4 #aeg-afa1 where the very phrase ',ector the secounde' is used2 see also ll4 #aha-ahi4 #ad4 ,book ,,ii4 #fah4 ',the yate 444 ,of ,dardanus4' ,the six gates of ,troy are named in ,guido1 ,book ,,iv1 ',quarum vna ,dardanides1 secunda ,tymbrea1 tercia ,helyas1 quarta ,chetas1 quinta ,troiana1 vltima ,anthenorides vocabantur4' ',the furst and the fairest fourmet was ,dardan4' ,allit4 ,troy-book1 l4 #aeeg4 ,lydgate keeps the form ',dardanydes'2 cap4 xi4 fol4 ,f #e4 #ae4 ,book ,,iv4 #bjd4 ',for he was after traytour to the toun4' ,the treason of ,antenor is told by ,guido at great length2 see ',boke xxviii' of the allit4 ,troy-book1 p4 #cfd2 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 ,y #f1 back4 ,cf4 ,dictys ,cretensis1 lib4 iv4 c4 #bb4 ,book ,,iv4 #acig1 c4 ',for al ,apollo and his clerkish lawes1' c4 ,guido gives rather a long account of the manner in which ,criseyde upbraided her father ,chalcas at their meeting4 ,chaucer says nothing about this matter in ,book ,v4 #aic1 but he here introduces an account of the same speech1 telling us that ,creseyde intended to make it6 ,i quote from ,book ,,xix4 ',sane deceperunt te ,apollinis friuola responsa1 a quo dicis te suscepisse mandatum vt tu paternas ,lares desereres1 et tuos in tanta acerbitate ,penates#ee sic tuis specialiter hostibus adhereres4 ,sane non fuit ille deus ,apollo1 set1 puto1 fuit comitiua infernalium ,furiarum a quibus responsa talia recepisti4' ,cf4 allit4 ,troy-book1 #hajc-dj2 and observe that ,lydgate1 in his ,siege of ,troye1 ,r #c1 back1 omits the speech of ,criseyde to her father1 on the ground that it is given in ,chaucer4 ,yet such is not the case1 unless we allow the present passage to stand for it4 ,in ,book ,v4 #aid1 ,chaucer 7following ,boccaccio7 expressly says that she was mute6 ,book ,,iv4 #afie-agja4 ,this last stanza is not in ,boccaccio2 but the general sense of it is in ,guido1 ,book ,,xix1 where the interview ends thus3--',set diei ,aurora quasi superueniente uicina1 ,troilus a ,brisaida in multis anxietatibus et doloribus discessit2 et ea relicta ad sui palacii menia properauit4' ,lydgate1 at this point1 refers us to ,chaucer2 ,siege of ,troye1 fol4 ,r #b1 back4 ,the allit4 ,troy-book actually does the same2 l4 #hjed4 #af4 ,book ,v4 #ib-ahi4 ,these fourteen stanzas are not in ,boccaccio4 ,the corresponding passage in ,guido 7,book ,,xix7 is as follows3-- ',troilus et ,troiani redeunt1 ,grecis eam recipientibus in suo commeatu4 ,inter quos dum esset ,diomedes1 et illam ,diomedes inspexit1 statim in ardore veneris exarsit et eam vehementi desiderio concupiuit1 qui collateralis associando ,brisaidam cum insimul equitarent1 sui ardoris flammam continere non valens ,brisaide reuelat sui estuantis cordis amorem2 quam in multis affectuosis verbis et blandiciis necnon et promissionibus reuera magnificis allicere satis humiliter est rogatus4 ,set ,brisaida in primis monitis1 vt mulierum moris est1 suum prestare recusauit assensum2 nec tamen passa est quin post multa ,diomedis verba1 ipsum nolens a spe sua deicere verbis similibus dixit ei3 ,amoris tui oblaciones ad presens nec repudio nec admitto1 cum cor meum non sit ad presens ita dispositum quod tibi possim aliter respondere4' ,book ,v4 #gii-hjeef4 ,the description of ,diomede in ,boccaccio 7,fil4 ,,vi4 #cc7 is merely as follows3-- ',egli era grande e bel della persona1 ,giovane fresco e piacevole assai1 ,e forte e fier siccome si ragiona1 ,e parlante quant'altro ,greco mai1 ,e ad amor la natura aveva prona4' ,the account in ,guido 7,book ,,viii7 is as follows3--',diomedes vero multa fuit proceritate1 distensus amplo pectore1 robustis scapulis1 aspectu ferox2 in promissis fallax2 in armis strenuus2 victorie cupidus2 timendus a multis1 cum multum esset iniuriosus2 sermonibus sibi nimis impaciens1 cum molestus seruientibus nimis esset2 libidinosus quidem multum1 et qui multas traxit angustias ob feruorem amoris4' ,cf4 allit4 ,troy-book1 ll4 #cgid-chjc2 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 fol4 ,k #a1 back4 ,book ,v4 #haj4 ,to gon y-tressed1 c4 ,perhaps suggested by the remark in ,guido 7,book ,,xix7 that ,cressid's hair was unbound in her hour of deepest sorrow3--'aureos crines suos a lege ligaminis absolutos a lactea sui capitis cute diuellit4' ,cf4 ,,iv4 #gcf4 ,book ,v4 #hbg-hdj4 ,troilus is not described by ,boccaccio4 ,guido's description of him has already been quoted above2 see remarks on ,book ,i4 #ajgb2 pp4 lvi1 lvii4 ,book ,v4 #ajjb-d4 ,the parallel passage in ,guido has already been quoted1 viz43 ',amoris tui oblaciones ad presens nec repudio nec admitto4' ,see remarks on l4 #ib2 p4 lviii4 ,book ,v4 #ajac4 ,obviously from ,guido2 the passage follows soon after that last quoted4 ',associauit ,diomedes eam vsquequo ,brisaida recipere in sui patris tentoria se debebat4 ,et ea perueniente ibidem1 ipse eam ab equo descendentem promptus adiuit1 et vnam de cirothecis#eg1 quam ,brisaida gerebat in manu1 ab ea nullo percipiente furtiue subtraxit4 ,set cum ipsa sola presensit1 placitum furtum dissimulauit amantis4' ,for this incident of the glove1 cf4 allit4 ,troy-book1 l4 #hjib4 ,book ,v4 #ajbc-ajii4 ,this passage is not in ,boccaccio4 ,several hints for it seem to have been taken from ,guido1 ,book ,,xix1 whence ,i quote the following4 ',nondum dies illa ad horas declinauerat vespertinas1 cum iam suas ,brisaida recentes mutauerat voluntates1' c44 ',et iam nobilis ,troili amor ceperat in sua mente tepescere1 et sic repente subito facta volubilis se in omnibus variauit4 ,quid est ergo quod dicitur de constancia mulierum1' c4 ',tunc ilico ,diomedes superuenit 4 4 qui repente in ,troilum irruit1 ipsum ab equo prosternit1 ab eo auferens equum suum1 quem per suum nuncium specialem ad ,brisaidam in exennium#eh destinauit1 mandans nuncio suo predicto vt ,brisaide nunciet equum ipsum eius fuisse dilecti 4 4 4 4 ,brisaida vero equum ,troili recepit hilariter1 et ipsi nuncio refert hec verba3 ,dic secure domino tuo quod ilium odio habere non possum1 qui me tanta puritate cordis affectat 4 4 4 4 ,diomedes ,brisaidam accedit1 et eam suplex hortatur vt sibi consenciat in multitudine lacrimarum4 ,set illa1 que multum vigebat sagacitatis astucia1 ,diomedem sagacibus machinacionibus differre procurat1 ut ipsum afflictum amoris incendio magis affligat1 et eius amoris vehemenciam in maioris augmentum ardoris extollat4 ,vnde ,diomedi suum amorem non negat1 etiam nec promittit4' ,in l4 #ajci1 read he1 i4 e4 ,diomede2 see my note on the line1 at p4 #dii4 ,in l4 #ajcg1 the story means the ,historia ,troiana2 and in l4 #ajdd1 in the stories elles-where means 'elsewhere in the same ,history4' ,the passage 7in ,book ,,xxv7 is as follows3-- ',troilus autem tunc amorem ,brisaide ,diomedi obprobriosis verbis improperat2 set ,greci ,diomedem 444 abstraxerunt' 444 ',interim ,brisaida contra patris sui voluntatem videre ,diomedem in lecto suo iacentem ex vulnere sibi facto frequenter accedit1 et licet sciuisset illum a ,troilo dudum dilecto suo sic vulneratum1 multa tamen in mente sua reuoluit2 et dum diligenter attendit de se iungenda cum ,troilo nullam sibi superesse fiduciam1 totum suum animum1 tanquam varia et mutabilis1 sicut est proprium mulierum1 in ,diomedis declinat amorem4' ,cf4 ,troy-book1 ll4 #iidb-ei2 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 fol4 ,u #d4 ,book ,v4 #aeeh-fj4 ,the treacherous slaughter of ,hector by ,achilles is in ,guido1 near the end of ,book ,,xxv4 ,see my note to l4 #aeeh1 at p4 #ejc4 ,book ,v4 #agga4 ',read ,dares4' ,this merely means that ,guido cites ,dares as his authority for the mighty deeds of ,troilus4 ,in ,book ,,xxv1 ,i find3--',scripsit enim ,dares1 quod illo die mille milites interfecit ,troilus ex ,grecis'2 cf4 l4 #ahjb below4 ,so in the allit4 ,troy-book1 ll4 #ihgg-i3-- ',as ,dares of his dedis duly me tellus1 ,a thowsaund thro knightes throng he to dethe1 ,that day with his dynttes1 of the derffe ,grekes4' ,so ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 fol4 ,u #c1 back3-- ',and1 as ,dares wryteth specyally1 ,a thousand knightes this ,troyan champyowne ,that day hath slayne1 rydyng vp and downe1 ,as myne auctour ,guydo lyst endyte2 ,saue after hym1 ,i can no ferther wryte4' ,i4 e4 he only knew of ,dares through the medium of ,guido4 ,in fact1 ,dares 7capp4 #bi1 #ca1 #cb7 has 'multos1' not 'mille4' ,book ,v4 #ahdi-ahee4 ,the introduction of this stanza is quite irrelevant1 unless we remember that1 in ,guido1 the story of ,troy is completely mixed up with invectives against idolatry4 ,in ,book ,x1 there is a detailed account of the heathen gods1 the worship of which is attributed to the instigation of fiends4 ,see the long account in the allit4 ,troy-book1 ll4 #dbeg-deca1 concluding with the revelation by ,apollo to ,calchas of the coming fall of ,troy4 ,cf4 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 fol4 ,k #f4 ,of course1 this notion of the interference of the gods in the affairs of the ,greeks and ,trojans is ultimately due to ,homer4 #ag4 ,with regard to the statement in ,guido1 that ,achilles slew ,hector treacherously1 we must remember how much turns upon this assertion4 ,his object was to glorify the ,trojans1 the supposed ancestors of the ,roman race1 and to depreciate the ,greeks4 ,the following passage from ,guido1 ,book ,,xxv1 is too characteristic to be omitted4 ',set o ,homere1 qui in libris tuis ,achillem tot laudibus1 tot preconiis extulisti1 que probabilis racio te induxit1 vt ,achillem tantis probitatis meritis vel titulis exultasses8' ,such was the general opinion about ,homer in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries4 #ah4 ,this is not the place for a full consideration of the further question1 as to the sources of information whence ,boccaccio and ,guido respectively drew their stories4 ,nor is it profitable to search the supposed works of ,dares and ,dictys for the passages to which ,chaucer appears to refer2 since he merely knew those authors by name1 owing to ,guido's frequent appeals to them4 ,nevertheless1 it is interesting to find that ,guido was quite as innocent as were ,chaucer and ,lydgate of any knowledge of ,dares and ,dictys at first hand4 ,he acquired his great reputation in the simplest possible way1 by stealing the whole of his ',history' bodily1 from a ,french romance by ,benot de ,sainte-,more1 entitled ,le ,roman de ,troie1 which has been well edited and discussed by ,mons4 ,a4 ,joly4 ,mons4 ,joly has shewn that the ,roman de ,troie first appeared between the years #aage and #aahe2 and that ,guido's ,historia ,troiana is little more than an adaptation of it1 which was completed in the year #abhg1 without any acknowledgment as to its true source4 ,benot frequently cites ,dares 7or ,daires71 and at the end of his poem1 ll4 #cjjie-f1 says3-- ',ce que dist ,daires et ,dithis ,i avons si retreit et mis4' ,in his ,hist4 of ,eng4 ,literature 7,e4 version1 ii4 #aac71 ,ten ,brink remarks that1 whilst ,chaucer prefers to follow ,guido rather than ,benot in his ,legend of ,good ,women1 he 'does the exact opposite to what he did in ,troilus4' ,for this assertion ,i can find but little proof4 ,it is hard to find anything in ,benot's lengthy ,romance which he may not have taken1 much more easily1 from ,guido4 ,there are1 however1 just a few such points in ,book ,v4 #ajcg-ajgh4 ,thus1 in l4 #ajch1 ,criseyde gives ,diomede ,troilus' horse2 cf4 ,benot1 l4 #aejdf--'lo cheval ,vos presterai4' ,l4 #ajdc is from the same1 ll4 #aeajb-d3-- ',la destre manche de son braz ,bone et fresche de ciclaton ,li done en leu de gonfanon4' ,ll4 #ajea-g answer to the same1 beginning at l4 #bjbcc2 and l4 #ajgd is from the same1 l4 #bjcjh3--';,dex donge bien ,troylus6' ,i doubt if there is much more4 ,for some further account of the works ascribed to ,dares ,phrygius and ,dictys ,cretensis1 both duly edited among the ',delphin ,classics1' ,i must refer the reader to ,smith's ,classical ,dictionary4 #ai4 ,the whole question of the various early romances that relate to ,troy is well considered in a work entitled ',testi ,inediti di ,storia ,trojana1 preceduti da uno studio sulla ,leggenda ,trojana in ,italia1 per ,egidio ,gorra2 ,torino1 #ahhg'2 where various authorities are cited1 and specimens of several texts are given4 ,at p4 #acf are given the very lines of ,benot's ,roman 7ll4 #gie-f7 where ,guido found a reference to the columns of ,hercules3-- ',et les bonnes ilec ficha ,ou ,alixandre les trova4' ,this hint he has somewhat elaborated1 probably because he took a personal interest in 'columns1' on account of their reference to his own name--'delle ,colonne4' ,i believe that the notion of ,alexander finding ,hercules' ,pillars is due to a rather large blunder in geography4 ,hercules set up his pillars 'at the end of the world1' viz4 at the straits of ,gibraltar1 whereas ,alexander set up his at another 'end of the world1' viz4 at the furthest point of ,india which he succeeded in reaching4 ,so says his ,romance2 see ,alexander and ,dindimus1 ed4 ,skeat1 l4 #aacg2 ,wars of ,alexander1 l4 #ejfc4 ,the setting up of pillars as boundary-marks seems to have been common2 cf4 ,vergil1 n4 xi4 #bfb4 ,among the points noticed by ,gorra1 ,i may mention the following3-- #a4 ,some account 7p4 #g7 of the ,ephemeris ,belli ,troiani by ,dictys ,cretensis1 who1 it was pretended1 accompanied ,idomeneus to the ,trojan war4 ,achilles is depicted in dark colours2 he is treacherous towards ,agamemnon2 falls in love with the ,trojan princess1 ,polyxena2 and slays ,hector by a stratagem4 ,it appears to have been a work of invention1 resting upon no ,greek original4 #b4 ,some account 7p4 #ag7 of the ,historia de ,excidio ,troiae of ,dares ,phrygius1 a work which 7as was pretended7 was discovered by ,cornelius ,nepos4 ,this also1 in the opinion of most critics1 was an original work4 ,at p4 #aae1 there is a comparison of the lists of ,greek leaders and the number of their ships 7cf4 ,homer1 ,il4 ii47 as given by ,dares1 ,benot1 and ,guido4 #c4 ,at p4 #abc1 there is an enumeration of points in which ,guido varies from ,benot4 #d4 ,at p4 #aeb1 is an account of some ,italian prose versions of the story of ,troy4 ,such are3 ,la ,istorietta ,trojana1 with extracts from it at p4 #cga2 a romance by ,binduccio dello ,scelto1 with extracts relating to ',troilo e ,briseida' at p4 #djd2 a version of ,guido by ,mazzeo ,bellebuoni1 with extracts relating to ',paride ed ,elena' at p4 #ddc2 an anonymous version1 with extracts relating to ',giasone e ,medea' at p4 #deh2 a version in the ,venetian dialect1 with extracts relating to ',ettore ed ,ercole' at p4 #dha2 another anonymous version1 with extracts at p4 #dic2 and ,la ',fiorita' of ,armannino1 ,giudice da ,bologna1 with extracts at p4 #ecb4 #e4 ,at p4 #bfe1 is an account of ,italian poetical versions1 viz4 ,enfances ,hector1 ,poema d',achille1 ,il ,trojano di ,domenico da ,montechiello1 ,il ,trojano a stampa 7i4e4 a printed edition of ,il ,trojano71 and ,l',intelligenza4 ,at p4 #ccf1 ,boccaccio's ,filostrato is discussed2 followed by a brief notice of an anonymous poem1 also in ottava rima1 called ,il cantare di ,insidoria4 ,it appears that ,boccaccio followed some recension of the ,french text of ,benot1 but much of the work is his own invention4 ,in particular1 he created the character of ,pandaro1 who resembles a ,neapolitan courtier of his own period4 ,the most interesting of the extracts given by ,gorra are those from ,binduccio dello ,scelto2 at p4 #daa1 we have the incident of ,diomede possessing himself of ,briseida's glove1 followed by the interview between ,briseida and her father ,calcas4 ,at p4 #dac1 ,diomede overthrows ,troilus1 takes his horse from him and sends it to ,briseida1 who receives it graciously2 and at p4 #dag1 ,briseida gives ,diomede her sleeve as a love-token1 after which a 'jousting' takes place between ,diomede and ,troilus1 in which the former is badly wounded4 ,for further remarks1 we are referred1 in particular1 to ,h4 ,dunger's ,dictys-,septimius3 ber die ursprngliche ,abfassung und die ,quellen der ,ephemeris belli ,troiani2 ,dresden1 #ahgh 7,programm des ,vitzthumschen ,gymnasiums72 to another essay by the same author on ,die ,sage vom trojanischen ,kriege1 ,leipzig1 #ahfi2 to ,koerting's ,dictys und ,dares1 c41 ,halle1 #ahgd2 to ,a4 ,joly's ,benot de ,sainte-,more et le ,roman de ,troie1 ,paris1 #ahga2 and to an article by ,c4 ,wagener on ,dares ,phrygius1 in ,philologus1 vol4 xxxviii4 ,the student may also consult ,e4 ,meybrinck1 ,die ,auffassung der ,antike bei ,jacques ,millet1 ,guido de ,columna1 und ,benot de ,ste-,more1 printed in ,ausgaben und ,abhandlungen aus dem ,gebiete fr ,romanischen ,philologie1 ,marburg1 #ahhf2 where the author concludes that ,millet was the originator of the story in ,france4 ,also ,w4 ,greif1 ,die mittelalterlichen ,bearbeitungen der ,trojanersage2 ,marburg1 #ahhf4 #bj4 ,a few words may be said as to the names of the characters4 ,troilus is only once mentioned in ,homer1 where he is said to be one of the sons of ,priam1 who were slain in battle1 ,iliad1 xxiv4 #beg2 so that his story is of medieval invention1 except as to the circumstance of his slayer being ,achilles1 as stated by ,vergil1 n4 i4 #dgd1 #dge2 cf4 ,horace1 ,carm4 ii4 #i4 #af4 ,pandarus occurs as the name of two distinct personages2 7#a7 a ,lycian archer1 who wounded ,menelaus2 see ,homer1 ,il4 iv4 #hh1 ,vergil1 n4 #e4 #dif2 and 7#b7 a companion of neas1 slain by ,turnus2 see ,vergil1 n4 ix4 #fgb1 xi4 #cif4 ,diomede is a well-known hero in the ,iliad1 but his love-story is of late invention4 ,the heroine of ,benot's poem is ,briseida1 of whom ,dares 7c4 #ac7 has merely the following brief account3 ',briseidam formosam1 alta statura1 candidam1 capillo flauo et molli1 superciliis junctis#ei1 oculis venustis1 corpore aequali1 blandam1 affabilem1 uerecundam1 animo simplici1 piam'2 but he records nothing more about her4 ,the name is simply copied from ,homer's ,greek3 ,brisida1 ,il4 i4 #ahd1 the accusative being taken 7as often7 as a new nominative case2 this ,briseis was the captive assigned to ,achilles4 ,but ,boccaccio substitutes for this the form ,griseida1 taken from the accusative of ,homer's ,chryseis1 mentioned just two lines above1 ,il4 i4 #ahb4 ,for this ,italian form ,chaucer substituted ,criseyde1 a trisyllabic form1 with the ey pronounced as the ey in prey4 ,he probably was led to this correction by observing the form ,chryseida in his favourite author1 ,ovid2 see ,remed4 ,amoris1 #dfi4 ,calchas1 in ,homer1 ,il4 i4 #fi1 is a ,grecian priest2 but in the later story he becomes a ,trojan soothsayer1 who1 foreseeing the destruction of ,troy1 secedes to the ,greek side1 and is looked upon as a traitor4 ,cf4 ,vergil1 n4 ii4 #agf2 ,ovid1 ,art4 ,amat4 ii4 #gcg4 #ba4 ,in ,anglia1 xiv4 #bda1 there is a useful comparison1 by ,dr4 ,e4 ,kppel1 of the parallel passages in ,troilus and the ,french ,roman de la ,rose1 ed4 ,mon1 ,paris1 #ahad1 which ,i shall denote by ',r4' ,these are mostly pointed out in the ,notes4 ,kppel's list is as follows3-- ,troilus4 ,i4 #fce 7cf4 ,,iii4 #cbh74--,rom4 ,rose1 #hjda4 #fcg4--,r4 #bahai4 #gdg4--,r4 #geie4 #haj4--,r4 #baade4 #ifi--,r4 #abifd4 ,,ii4 #afg4--,r4 #efhd4 #aic4--,r4 #hgeg4 #gaf4--,r4 #egfe4 #ged4--,r4 #ffgf4 #ghd 7cf4 ,,iii4 #ajce74--,r4 #abhdd4 #aefd4--,r4 #ahdih4 ,,iii4 #bid4--,r4 #gjhe4 #cbh2 see ,i4 #fce4 #ajce2 see ,,ii4 #ghd4 #afcd4--,r4 #hcja4 ,,iv4 #g4--,r4 #hjgf4 #eai4--,r4 #fdjf4 #acih4--,r4 #fida4 ,v4 #cfe4--,r4 #ahgji4 ,some of the resemblances are but slight2 but others are obvious4 ,the numbers refer to the beginning of a passage2 sometimes the really coincident lines are found a little further on4 ,the parallel passages common to ,troilus and ,boethius are noted above1 pp4 xxviii-xxx4 ,an excellent and exhaustive treatise on the ,language of ,chaucer's ,troilus1 by ,prof4 ,kitteredge1 is now 7#ahic7 being printed for the ,chaucer ,society4 ,a ,ryme-,index to the same1 compiled by myself1 has been published for the same society1 dated #ahia4 #bb4 ,i have frequently alluded above to the alliterative ',troy-book1' or ',gest ,historiale1' edited for the ,early ,english ,text ,society1 in #ahfi-gd1 by ,panton and ,donaldson4 ,this is useful for reference1 as being a tolerably close translation of ,guido1 although a little imperfect1 owing to the loss of some leaves and some slight omissions 7probably7 on the part of the scribe4 ,it is divided into #cf ,books1 which agree1 very nearly1 with the ,books into which the original text is divided4 ,the most important passages for comparison with ,troilus are lines #cibb-cd 7description of ,troilus72 #cgid-chjc 7,diomede72 #gbfh-hi 7fight between ,troilus and ,diomede72 #ghhf-gije 7,briseida and her dismissal from ,troy72 #hjbf-haha 7sorrow of ,troilus and ,briseida1 her departure1 and the interviews between ,briseida and ,diomede1 and between her and ,calchas her father72 #hbif-hcag 7,diomede captures ,troilus' horse1 and presents it to ,briseida72 #hfdc-fj 7death of ,hector72 #ifga-g1 #ihfd-hb1 #iibf-i 7deeds of ,troilus72 #iidb-ei 7,briseida visits the wounded ,diomede72 #ajjee-he1 #ajbeb-ajcaa 7deeds of ,troilus1 and his death72 #ajcab-fb 7reproof of ,homer for his false statements74 ,at l4 #hjec1 we have this remarkable allusion2 speaking of ,briseida and ,troilus1 the translator says3-- ',who-so wilnes to wit of thaire wo fir futher1 ,turne hym to ,,troilus1 and talke#fj there ynoughe6' ,i4e4 whoever wishes to know more about their wo1 let him turn to ,,troilus1 and there find enough4 ,this is a clear allusion to ,chaucer's work by its name1 and helps to date the translation as being later than #achj or #achb4 ,and1 as the translator makes no allusion to ,lydgate's translation of ,guido1 the date of which is #adab-bj1 we see that he probably wrote between #achb and #adbjfa2 so that the date 'about #adjj1' adopted in the ,new ,eng4 ,dictionary 7s4 v4 ,bercelet1 c47 cannot be far wrong#fb4 #bc4 ,another useful book1 frequently mentioned above1 is ,lydgate's ,siege of ,troye#fa1 of which ,i possess a copy printed in #aeee4 ,this contains several allusions to ,chaucer's ,troilus1 and more than one passage in praise of ,chaucer's poetical powers1 two of which are quoted in ,mr4 ,rossetti's remarks on ,,ms4 ,harl4 #cidc 7,chaucer ,soc4 #ahge71 pp4 x1 xi4 ,these passages are not very helpful1 though it is curious to observe that he speaks of ,chaucer not only as 'my maister ,chaucer1' but as 'noble ,galfride1 chefe ,poete of ,brytaine1' and 'my maister ,galfride4' ,the most notable passages occur in cap4 xv1 fol4 ,k #b2 cap4 xxv1 fol4 ,r #b1 back2 and near the end1 fol4 ,ee #b4 ,lydgate's translation is much more free than the preceding one1 and he frequently interpolates long passages1 besides borrowing a large number of poetical expressions from his 'maister4' #bd4 ,finally1 ,i must not omit to mention the remarkable poem by ,robert ,henrysoun1 called the ,testament and ,complaint of ,criseyde1 which forms a sequel to ,chaucer's story4 ,thynne actually printed this1 in his edition of #aecb1 as one of ,chaucer's poems1 immediately after ,troilus2 and all the black-letter editions follow suit4 ,yet the #ith and #ajth stanzas contain these words1 according to the edition of #aecb3-- ',of his distresse me nedeth nat reherse2 ,for worthy ,chaucer1 in that same boke1 ,in goodly termes1 and in ioly verse1 ,compyled hath his cares1 who wyl loke4 ,to breke my slepe1 another queare ,i toke1 ,in whiche ,i founde the fatal desteny ,of fayre ,creseyde1 whiche ended wretchedly4 ,who wot if al that ,chaucer wrate was trewe8 ,nor ,i wotte nat if this narration ,be authorysed1 or forged of the newe ,of some poete by his inuention1 ,made to reporte the lamentation ,and woful ende of this lusty ,creseyde1 ,and what distresse she was in or she deyde4' #be4 ,,the ,,manuscripts4 #a4 ,,ms4 ,,cl4--,the ,campsall ,,ms41 on vellum1 written before #adac2 prepared for ,henry1 ,prince of ,wales1 afterwards ,henry ,v1 as shewn by his arms on leaf #b4 ,the poem occupies leaves #b-abj2 each page usually contains five stanzas4 ,two pages have been reproduced by the autotype process for the ,chaucer ,society2 viz4 leaf #a1 recto1 containing stanzas #a-e1 and leaf #db1 verso1 containing stanzas #bdi-bea of ,book ,,ii1 and stanza #a of ,book ,,iii4 ,this is a beautifully written ,,ms41 and one of the best2 but it is disappointing to find that it might easily have been much better4 ,the scribe had a still better copy before him1 which he has frequently treated with supreme carelessness2 but it is some consolation to find that his mistakes are so obvious that they can easily be corrected4 ,thus1 in ,book ,i1 l4 #bg1 he writes dorst for dorste1 though it ruins the grammar and the metre2 in l4 #ca1 he actually has hym for hem1 to the destruction of the sense2 in l4 #fi1 he has high 767 for highte2 and so on4 ,it therefore requires careful control4 ,in particular1 the scribe gives many examples of the fault of 'anticipation1' i4e4 the fault whereby the mind1 swifter than the pen1 has induced him to write down letters that belong to a later syllable or word1 or to omit one or more letters4 ,thus in ,book ,i4 l4 #hj1 he omits u in pryuely1 writing pryely2 in l4 #abf1 he omits and before hoom2 in l4 #aih1 he omits lewede2 in l4 #bge1 he omits gan2 c4 ,but the faults of 'anticipation' appear most clearly in such startling forms as addermost for aldermost1 ,i4 #bdh1 where the former d is due to the one that is coming2 assent for absent1 ,,iv4 #afdb1 for a like reason2 estal for estat1 because the next word is royal1 ,i4 #dcb2 yn for yng1 because the next word is myn1 ,i4 #fhc2 nat for nas1 because the next word is not1 ,i4 #gch2 seynt for seyn1 because the next word is that1 ,v4 #cfi2 shad for shal1 because the next word is drede1 ,v4 #che2 liten for litel1 because weten follows1 ,,iv4 #aih2 make for may1 because the line ends with wake1 ,,iii4 #cda2 fleld for feld1 ,,ii4 #aie4 ,sometimes1 however1 the scribe's mind reverts to something already written1 so that we find ,delphebus for ,delphicus1 because ,phebus precedes1 ,i4 #gj2 bothen for bothe1 because deden precedes1 ,i4 #hb2 falles for fallen1 after unhappes1 ,,ii4 #def2 daunder for daunger1 ,,iii4 #acba2 tolle for tolde1 ,,iii #hjb2 c4 ,downright blunders are not uncommon2 as incocent for innocent 7where again the former c is due to the latter71 ,,ii4 #agbc2 agarst for agast1 ,,iii4 #gcg2 right for rit1 ,v4 #fj4 ,we even find startling variations in the reading1 as in ,,iii4 #adjh3-- ',reson wil not that ,i speke of shep1 ,for it accordeth nought to my matere4' ,certainly1 shep 7sheep7 is irrelevant enough2 however1 ,chaucer refers to sleep4 ,and again1 the line in ,,ii4 #aeed1 which should run-- ,as for to bidde a wood man for to renne appears in the startling form-- ,as for to bydde a womman for to renne4 ,as all the variations of ',cl4' from the correct text are given in the foot-notes1 it is not necessary to say more about these peculiarities4 ,i must add1 however1 that1 as in ,boethius1 ,i have silently corrected yn to in in such words as thing2 besides altering ee and oo to e and o in open syllables1 writing v for u1 and the like4 ,see above4 ,the ,campsall ,,ms41 now in the possession of ,mr4 ,bacon ,frank1 has been printed in full1 as written1 for the ,chaucer ,society2 and ,i have relied upon the accuracy of this well-edited print4 #b4 ,,ms4 ,,cp4--,,ms4 ,no4 #fa in ,corpus ,christi ,college1 ,cambridge1 described in ,nasmith's ,catalogue1 p4 #dj1 as 'a parchment book in folio neatly written1 and ornamented with a frontispiece richly illuminated1 containing ,chaucer's ,troilus1 in four error for five books4' ,it is a fine folio ,,ms41 #ab inches by #h4 ,this ,,ms41 noticed by ,warton1 has not as yet been printed1 though the ,chaucer ,society have undertaken to print it1 upon my recommendation4 ,it contains many pages that are left wholly or partially blank1 obviously meant to be supplied with illuminations2 which shews that it was written for some wealthy person4 ,on the left margin1 near the #hcrd stanza of ,book ,,iv1 is a note of ownership1 in a hand of the fifteenth century--'neuer foryeteth3 ,anne neuyll4' ,this probably refers to ,anne ,neville1 wife of ,humphrey1 duke of ,buckingham 7who was killed at ,northampton in #adfj71 and daughter of ,ralph ,neville1 earl of ,westmoreland1 and of ,joan ,beaufort1 daughter of ,john of ,gaunt4 ,that is1 she was ,john of ,gaunt's granddaughter2 and it seems reasonable to infer that the ,,ms4 was actually written for one of ,john of ,gaunt's family4 ,this probability is a very interesting one1 when we consider how much ,chaucer owed to ,john of ,gaunt's favour and protection4 ,the ,,ms4 is slightly deficient1 owing to the omission of a few stanzas2 but not much is missing4 ,it is of a type closely resembling the preceding1 and gives excellent readings4 ,i have therefore taken the opportunity of founding the text upon a close collation of ,cl4 and ,cp41 taking ,cl4 as the foundation1 but correcting it by ,cp4 throughout1 without specifying more than the rejected reading of ,cl4 in passages where these ,,mss4 differ4 ,in this way the numerous absurdities of ,cl4 7as noted above7 have been easily corrected1 and the resulting text is a great improvement upon all that have hitherto appeared4 ,in a few places1 as shewn by the foot-notes1 the readings of other ,,mss4 have been preferred4 #c4 ,,ms4 ,h4--,,ms4 ,harl4 #bbhj1 in the ,british ,museum4 ,an excellent ,,ms41 very closely related to both the preceding4 ,printed in full for the ,chaucer ,society1 and collated throughout in the present edition4 ,it was taken as the basis of the text in ,morris's ,aldine edition1 which in many passages closely resembles the present text4 ,it is certainly the third best ,,ms4 ,one leaf is missing 7,bk4 ,v4 #acde-adbh2 twelve stanzas74 #d4 ,,ms4 ,,cm4--,,ms4 ,gg4 #d4 #bg1 in the ,cambridge ,university ,library2 the same ,,ms4 as that denoted by ',cm4' in the foot-notes to the ,canterbury ,tales1 and by ',c4' in the foot-notes to the ,legend of ,good ,women4 ,a remarkable ,,ms41 printed in full for the ,chaucer ,society4 ,it exhibits a different type of text from that found in ,cl41 ,cp41 and ,h4 ,the most noteworthy differences are as follows4 ,in ,bk4 ii4 #gcd1 #e1 this ,,ms4 has quite a different couplet1 viz43 ,men louyn women our al is toun aboute2 ,be ey e wers8 whi1 nay1 with-outyn doute4 ,bk4 ii4 #gib runs thus3-- ,how ofte tyme may men rede and se4 ,bk4 iv4 #cji-ae 7stanza #de7 runs thus3-- ,what shulde ye don but1 for myn disconfort1 ,stondyn for nought1 and wepyn out youre ye8 ,syn sche is queynt that wont was yow disport#fc1 ,in vayn from this forth have ,i seyn twye2 ,for#fd medycyn youre vertu is a-weye2 ,o crewel eyen1 sythyn that youre dispyt ,was al to sen ,crisseydes eyen bryght4 ,bk4 iv4 #fch runs thus3-- ,pandare answerde1 of that be as be may4 ,after ,bk4 iv4 #gce1 ,,ms4 ,cm4 introduces the following stanza1 which1 in the present text1 appears a little later 7ll4 #gej-f7 in a slightly altered form4 ,the salte teris from hyre eyghyn tweyn ,out ran1 as schour of aprille1 ful swythe2 ,hyre white brest sche bet1 and for the peyne1 ,aftyr the deth cryede a thousent sithe1 ,syn he that wonyt was hir wo for to lythe1 ,sche mot forgon2 for which disauenture ,sche held hire-selue a for-lost creature4 ,bk4 iv4 #hjf-cc 7four stanzas7 are omitted2 so also are the #ah stanzas referring to ,free-,will1 viz4 ,bk4 iv4 #iec-ajgh4 ,bk4 v4 #bcj-a runs thus3-- ,to whom for eueremor myn herte is holde3 ,and thus he pleynyd1 and ferthere-more he tolde4 ,we cannot believe that ,bk4 iv4 #cji-ae1 as here given1 can be genuine#fe2 but it seems possible that some of the other readings may be so4 ,the stanza1 ,bk4 iv4 #gej-f1 as here given1 seems to represent the first draft of these lines1 which were afterwards altered to the form in which they appear in the text1 whilst at the same time the stanza was shifted down4 ,however1 this is mere speculation2 and it must be confessed that1 in many places1 this ,,ms4 is strangely corrupted4 ,several stanzas have only six lines instead of seven1 and readings occur which set all ideas of rime at defiance4 ,thus1 in ,i4 #abfj1 paste 7riming with caste7 appears as passede2 in ,i4 #abec1 ryde 7riming with aspyde7 appears as rydende2 in ,,iii4 #cea1 hayes 7riming with ,may is7 appears as halis2 c4 ,yet the ,,ms4 is worth collating1 as it gives1 occasionally1 some excellent readings4 ,for example1 in ,bk4 i4 #adc1 it preserves the word here1 which other ,,mss4 wrongly omit2 and1 in the very next line1 rightly has to longe dwelle1 not to longe to dwelle4 ,the ,,ms4 has been1 at some time1 shamefully maltreated by some one who has cut out several leaves1 no doubt for the sake of their illuminated initials4 ,hence the following passages do not appear3 ,i4 #a-gj2 ,i4 #ajcg--;,,ii4 #hd2 ,,iii4 #a-ef2 ,,iii4 #ahjg--;,,iv4 #aab2 ,,iv4 #affg--,v4 #ce2 ,v4 #agjb--;end 7together with a piece at the beginning of the ,canterbury ,tales74 #e4 ,,ms4 ,h#b4--;,harleian ,,ms4 #cidc1 in the ,british ,museum4 ,printed in full for the ,chaucer ,society in #ahge1 together with a most valuable line by line collation with ,boccaccio's ,filostrato1 by ,wm4 ,michael ,rossetti4 ,referred to in ,prof4 ,lounsbury's ,studies in ,chaucer1 i4 #cih1 as 'much the worst that has been printed1' where his object is to depreciate its authority4 ,yet it is well worth a careful study1 and it must be particularly borne in mind that it consists of two parts1 written at different dates1 and of different value4 ,in ,bell's ,chaucer1 we read of it3--',unfortunately it is imperfect4 ,the first few leaves1 and the whole of the latter part of the poem1 appear to have been destroyed1 and the deficiency supplied by a later copyist4' ,the late hand occurs in ,i4 #a-gj1 #dih-efg1 ,,iii4 #adbi-afch1 ,,iv4 #aig--;end1 and ,book ,v42 and thus occupies a large portion of the ,,ms4 ,moreover1 two leaves are lost after leaf #ei1 comprising ,,iii4 #abhi-adbh2 these are supplied in ,dr4 ,furnivall's edition from ,harl4 #abci1 which accounts for the extraordinary disorder in which these stanzas are arranged4 ,the ,,ms4 also omits ,,iii4 #agdd-agga1 and some other stanzas occasionally4 ,this is one of those curious ,,mss4 which1 although presenting innumerable corrupt readings 7the worst being ,commodious for ,commeveden in ,,iii4 #ag71 nevertheless have some points of contact with an excellent source4 ,all editors must have observed a few such cases4 ,thus1 in ,,ii4 #fae1 it happily restores the right reading latis1 where the ordinary reading gates is ludicrously wrong4 ,in ,,iii4 #di1 it supplies the missing word gladnes4 ,in ,v4 #h1 it has ',the ,auricomus tressed ,phebus hie on lofte1' instead of ',the golden tressed'2 and this reading1 though false1 lets us into the secret of the origin of this epithet1 viz4 that it translates the ,latin auricomus2 see note to the line4 ,in the very next line1 ,v4 #i1 it preserves the correct reading bemes shene#ff1 riming with grene1 quene1 where other ,,mss4 have bemes clere1 a reminiscence of the opening line of ,book ,,iii4 ,hence ,i have carefully collated this ,,ms41 and all readings of value are given in the ,notes4 ,see1 e4 g4 ,,iii4 #bh1 #di1 #acf1 #eea1 #abfh1 #agjc1 c4 #f4 ,,ms4 ,harl4 #abci 7,b4 ,m474 ',it is an oblong folio1 written from the beginning in a small1 clear character1 which ceases at an earlier place ,,iii4 #bca than the change occurs in ,,ms4 #cidc ,,iv4 #aig1 leaving the remainder comparatively useless as an authority4'--,bell4 ,dr4 ,furnivall has printed the passages in ,,iii4 #abhi-adbh1 and ,,iii4 #agdd-agga1 from this ,,ms4 to supply the gaps in ,h #b 7see above72 we thus see that it transposes several of the stanzas1 and is but a poor authority4 #g4 ,,ms4 ,harl4 #bcib 7,b4 ,m474 ,a late ,,ms4 on paper1 not very correct2 once the property of ,sir ,h4 ,spelman4 ,as an example of a strange reading1 observe ',o mortal ,gower1' in ,v4 #ahef4 ,still1 it has the correct reading sheene in ,v4 #i2 and in ,,iii4 #di1 supplies the rare reading gladnesse1 which is necessary to the sense4 ,this ,,ms4 has a large number of notes and glosses4 ,some are of small interest1 but others are of value1 and doubtless proceeded from the author himself1 as they furnish useful references and explanations4 ,i here notice the best of them4 ,,ii4 #h4 ',cleo3 domina eloquencie4' ,this view of ,clio explains the context4 ,,ii4 #ghd4 ,side-note3 'nota mendacium4' ,a remarkable comment4 ,,ii4 #abch-i4 ',leuis impressio1 leuis recessio4' ,clearly1 a proverb4 ,,iii4 #icc4 ',dulcarnon3 i4 fuga miserorum4' ,this proves that ,chaucer confused the #dgth proposition of ,euclid with the #eth2 see note4 ,,iii4 #aagg4 ',beati misericordes'2 from ,matt4 v4 #g4 ,,iii4 #aahc4 ',petite et accipietis'2 a remarkable comment4 ,,iii4 #adae4 ',gallus vulgaris astrologus2 ,alanus1 de ,planctu ,nature'2 see note4 ,,iii4 #adag4 ',lucifera3 ,stella matutina4' ,,iii4 #adff4 ',aurora3 amica solis'2 shewing the confusion of ,tithonus with ,titan4 ,,iv4 #bb4 ',herine 7sic71 furie infernales2 unde ,lucanus1 me pronuba duxit ,herinis4' ,this proves that ,chaucer really took the name from ,lucan1 ,phars4 viii4 #ij1 q4 v4 ,,iv4 #cb4 ',sol in ,leone'2 i4 e4 the sun was in ,leo2 see note4 ,,iv4 #fjj4 ',audaces fortuna iuuat'2 error for ',audentes'2 see note4 ,,iv4 #gij4 ',vmbra subit terras1' c42 ,ovid1 ,met4 xi4 #fa4 ,,iv4 #hcf4 ',extrema gaudii luctus'2 see note4 ,,iv4 #aach4 ',flet tamen1 et tepide1' c42 ,ovid1 ,met4 x4 #ejj4 ,,iv4 #aejd4 ',non est bonum perdere substantiam propter accidens4' ,,iv4 #aedj4 ',styx1 puteus infernalis4' ,chaucer's mistake4 ,v4 #h4 ',the gold-tressed ,phebus1' glossed ',auricomus ,sol'2 which is from ,valerius ,flaccus2 see note4 ,v4 #cai4 ,reference to ,ovid's ,metamorphoses2 see note4 ,v4 #fee4 ',latona1 i4 luna'2 shewing that ',latona' is mis-written for ',lucina4' ,cf4 ,,iv4 #aeia4 ,v4 #ffd4 ,reference to ,ovid1 ,metam4 ii4 ,see note4 ,v4 #ajci4 ,for 'she1' ,,ms4 has 'he1' correctly 7see note72 side-note1 ',nota1 de donis c4 d4'1 i4 e4 of ,criseyde to ,diomede4 ,v4 #aajg4 ',laurigerus'2 see note4 ,v4 #aaaj4 ',nisus1' glossed 'rex'2 'douhter1' glossed 'alauda'2 see note4 ,v4 #aedh4 ',parodye3 duracio'2 see note4 ,v4 #aeej4 ',vnbodye3 decorporare4' ,there are many more such glosses1 of lesser interest4 #h4 ,,ms4 ,harl4 #diab 7,b4 ,m474 ,on vellum2 rather large pages1 with wide margins2 five stanzas on the page4 ,imperfect2 ends at ,,iv4 #fhf4 ,a poor copy4 ,in ,,iii4 #di1 it retains the rare reading 'gladnes1' but miswritten as 'glanes4' #i4 ,,ms4 ,addit4 #abjdd 7,b4 ,m474 ,on vellum2 five stanzas to the page4 ,last leaf gone2 ends at ,v4 #ahbj4 ,not a good copy4 ,in ,,iii4 #ag1 it has ',comeued hem1' an obvious error for ',comeueden1' which is the true reading4 ,in ,v4 #h1 it has 'golden dressed1' error for 'golden tressed4' ,note this correct form 'golden'2 for it is miswritten as 'gold' or 'golde' in nearly all other copies4 ,the next four are in the ,bodleian ,library1 ,oxford4 #aj4 ,arch4 ,seld4 ,b4 #bd is the ,scottish ,,ms41 dated #adgb1 described in the ,introduction to the ,minor ,poems1 where it is denoted by ',ar41' and fully collated throughout the ,legend of ,good ,women1 where it appears in the foot-notes as ',a4' ,it seems to be the best of the ,oxford ,,mss41 and has some good readings4 ,in ,,iii4 #ag1 it has ',commeued tham' for ,commeueden1' which is near enough for a ,,ms4 that so freely drops inflexions2 and the line ends with 'and amoreux tham made4' ,in ,,iii4 #di1 it correctly preserves 'gladness4' #aa4 ,,ms4 ,rawlinson1 ,poet4 #afc4 ,not a very good copy4 ,it omits the ,prologue to ,book ,,iii4 ,at the end is the colophon3-- ,heer endith the book of ',tregentyll ,chaucer4' ,troylus and of ,cresseyde ,i take ',tregentyll' to be the scribe's name#fg4 ,besides the ',troilus1' the ,,ms4 contains1 on a fly-leaf1 the unique copy of the ,balade to ,rosemounde1 beneath which is written 7as in the former case7 'tregentil' to the left of the page1 and 'chaucer' to the right2 connected by a thin stroke4 ,see my ',twelve ,facsimiles of ,old ,english ,,mss4'2 ,plate ,,xii4 #ab4 ,,ms4 ,arch4 ,seld4 supra #ef4 ,small quarto1 #h inches by #e1 on paper2 vellum binding2 writing clear4 ,a poor copy4 ,the grammar shews a ,northern dialect4 #ac4 ,,ms4 ,digby #aha4 ,incomplete2 nearly half being lost4 ,it ends at ,,iii4 #ecb--';,a certayn houre in which she come sholde4' ,a poor copy1 closely allied to the preceding4 ,thus1 in ,,iii4 #ag1 both have moreux for amoreux2 in ,,iii4 #b1 both have ,adornes2 in ,,iii4 #f1 both absurdly have ,off 7,of7 for ,o2 and so on4 #ad4 ,,ms4 ,l4 #a1 in ,st4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,a fair ,,ms41 perhaps earlier than #adej4 ,subjoined to the ,troilus is a sixteenth century copy of the ,testament of ,creseide4 ,quarto2 on vellum2 #aj inches by #f2 in #aj sheets of #ab leaves each4 ,leaf g #ab is cut out1 and g #aa is blank1 but nothing seems to be lost4 ,it frequently agrees with ,cp41 as in ,i4 #e1 fro ye2 #ba1 be this2 #cf1 desespeyred2 #de1 fair ladys so2 #gj1 ,delphicus2 #cjh1 kan thus4 ,in ,i4 #bgb1 it correctly has3 percede2 in #ccg1 nouncerteyne4 ,in ,,ii4 #gcd1 it agrees with ,h42 #gce runs--',and whan hem list no lenger1 lat hem leue'2 a good line4 ,in ,,ii4 #hid1 it has 'mosten axe1' the very reading which ,i give2 and in ,,ii4 #ifh1 stalkes4 #ae4 ,,ms4 ,phillipps #hbeb2 the same ,,ms4 as that described in my preface to the ,c4 text of ,piers the ,plowman1 p4 xix1 where it is numbered ,,xxviii4 #af4 ,a ,,ms4 in the ,library of ,durham ,cathedral1 marked ,v4 ii4 #ac4 ,a single stanza of ,troilus1 viz4 ,i4 #fca-g1 occurs in ,,ms4 ,r4 #c4 #bj1 in ,trinity ,college ,library1 ,cambridge2 and three stanzas1 viz4 ,,iii4 #cjb-cbb1 in ,,ms4 ,ff4 #a4 #f1 leaf #aej1 in the ,cambridge ,university ,library2 all printed in ,odd ,texts of ,chaucer's ,minor ,poems1 ed4 ,f4 ,j4 ,furnivall1 ,chaucer ,society1 #ahhj1 pp4 x-xii4 ,in #ahhg1 ,dr4 ,stephens found two vellum strips in the cover of a book1 containing fragments of a ,,ms4 of ,troilus 7,book ,v4 #addc-adih72 see ,appendix to the ,report of the ,cambridge ,antiquarian ,society1 ,may #bd1 #ahhg2 pp4 #cca-e4 ,the ,,mss4 fall1 as far as ,i can tell1 into two main families4 ,the larger family is that which resembles ,cl41 ,cp41 and ,h4 ,of the smaller1 ,cm4 may be taken as the type4 ,the description of ,cm4 shews some of the chief variations4 ,observe that many ,,mss4 omit ,i4 #hij-f2 in the ,john's ,,ms41 it is inserted in a much later hand4 ,the stanza is obviously genuine4 #bf4 ,,the ,,editions4 ',troilus' was first printed by ,caxton1 about #adhd2 but without printer's name1 place1 or date4 ,see the description in ,blades' ,life of ,caxton1 p4 #big4 ,there is no title-page4 ,each page contains five stanzas4 ,two copies are in the ,british ,museum2 one at ,st4 ,john's ,college1 ,oxford2 and one 7till lately7 was at ,althorp4 ,the second edition is by ,wynkyn de ,worde1 in #aeag4 ,the third1 by ,pynson1 in #aebf4 ,these three editions present ,troilus as a separate work4 ,after this1 it was included in ,thynne's edition of #aecb1 and in all the subsequent editions of ,chaucer's ,works4 ,of these1 the only editions accessible to me have been ,thynne's 7#aecb71 of which there is a copy in the ,cambridge ,university ,library2 also the editions of #aeej 7or thereabouts7 and #aefa1 of both of which ,i possess copies4 ,thynne's edition was printed from so good a ,,ms4 as to render it an excellent authority4 ,in a few places1 ,i fear he has altered the text for the worse1 and his errors have been carefully followed and preserved by succeeding editors4 ,thus he is responsible for altering io 7 jo7 into go1 ,,iii4 #cc2 for creating the remarkable 'ghost-word' gofysshe1 ,,iii4 #ehd2 and a few similar curiosities4 ,but ,i found it worth while to collate it throughout2 and readings from it are marked ',ed4' ,the later black-letter copies are mere reproductions of it4 #bg4 ,,the ,,present ,,edition4 ,the present edition has the great advantage of being founded upon ,cl4 and ,cp41 neither of which have been previously made use of1 though they are the two best4 ,bell's text is founded upon the ,harleian ,,mss4 numbered #abci1 #bbhj1 and #cidc1 in separate fragments2 hence the text is neither uniform nor very good4 ,morris's text is much better1 being founded upon ,h4 7closely related to ,cl4 and ,cp471 with a few corrections from other unnamed sources4 ,thanks to the prints provided by the ,chaucer ,society1 ,i have been able to produce a text which1 ,i trust1 leaves but little to be desired4 ,i point out some of the passages which now appear in a correct form for the first time1 as may be seen by comparison with the editions by ,morris and ,bell1 which ,i denote by ,m4 and ,b4 ,i4 #acf2 derre1 dearer2 ,m4 ,b4 dere 7no rime74 #bhe4 meninge1 i4 e4 intention2 and so in l4 #bhi2 ,m4 ,b4 mevynge4 #chh4 ,m4 ,b4 insert a semicolon after arten4 #dfe4 fownes 7see note72 ,m4 ,b4 fantasye 7line too long74 #dgj felle1 fell1 pl4 adj42 ,m4 ,b4 fille1 i4 e4 fell 7verb74 #eij4 no comfort2 ,m4 comfort2 ,b4 eny comfort4 #ghf4 ,ticius 7see note72 ,m4 ,syciphus2 ,b4 ,siciphus4 #hif4 ,thee oughte2 ,m4 ,to oght 7no sense72 ,b4 ,the oght 7will not scan74 #ajbf4 ,see note2 put as a question in ,m4 ,b42 ,b4 even inserts not before to done4 #ajej4 me asterte2 ,m4 may sterte2 ,b4 me stert 7better74 ,,ii4 #da4 seyde1 i4 e4 if that they seyde2 ,m4 ,b4 seyinge 7will not scan74 #ach4 were 7would there be72 ,m4 ,b4 is4 #ahj4 wight2 ,m4 ,b4 knyght 7but see l4 #agg74 #hjh4 looth2 ,m4 ,b4 leve4 #hcd4 ,ye2 ,m4 ,b4 ,the4 #aeif4 ,for for2 ,m4 ,b4 ,for4 ,,iii4 #ag4 ,comeveden 7see note72 ,m4 ,comeneden2 ,b4 ,commodious4 him2 ,m4 ,b4 hem4 #cc4 io 7 jo72 ,m4 ,b4 go4 #di4 ,m4 ,b4 omit gladnes4 #egb4 ,yow thurfte2 ,m4 ,thow thruste2 ,b4 ,yow durst4 #ehd4 goosish2 ,m4 goofish2 ,b4 gofisshe4 #fgd4 ,m4 ,thei voide present1 dronke past1 and traveres drawe present anon2 ,b4 ,they voyded1 and drunk1 and travars drew anone4 ,really1 dronke and drawe are both past participles2 see note4 #gbe4 ,cipris2 ,m4 ,cyphes2 ,b4 ,ciphis4 #abca4 ,bitrent and wryth1 i4 e4 winds about and wreathes itself2 ,m4 ,bytrent and writhe is2 ,b4 ,bitrent and writhen is4 ,wryth is short for writheth2 not a pp4 #adec4 bore1 i4 e4 hole2 ,m4 boure2 ,b4 bowre4 #agfd4 to-hepe1 i4 e4 together2 ,m4 ,b4 to kepe4 ,,iv4 #ech4 kyth2 ,m4 ,b4 right 7no sense74 #fif4 thing is2 ,m4 ,b4 thynges is4 #hah4 martyre2 ,m4 ,b4 matere 7neither sense nor rime74 ,v4 #di4 helpen2 ,m4 ,b4 holpen4 #dfi4 howve2 ,m4 ,b4 howen4 #ehc4 in my2 ,m4 ,b4 omit my4 #ibg4 wight2 ,m4 ,b4 with4 #abjh4 trustinge2 ,m4 ,b4 trusten 7against grammar74 #abff4 bet2 ,m4 ,b4 beste4 #acce1 #f4 wyte ,the teres1 i4 e4 blame the tears2 ,m4 ,b4 wite ,with teres4 #achf4 ,commeve2 ,m4 ,com in to2 ,b4 ,can meven4 #adfg4 ,she2 ,m4 ,b4 ,so4 #agia4 pace2 ,m4 ,b4 space 7see note74 ,it is curious to find that such remarkable words as commeveden1 io1 voidee1 goosish1 to-hepe1 appear in no ,chaucerian glossary2 they are only found in the ,,mss41 being ignored in the editions4 ,a large number of lines are now1 for the first time1 spelt with forms that comply with grammar and enable the lines to be scanned4 ,for example1 ,m4 and ,b4 actually give wente and wonte in ,v4 #edf1 instead of went and wont2 knotles for knotteles in ,v4 #gfi1 c4 ,i have also1 for the first time1 numbered the lines and stanzas correctly4 ,in ,m41 ,books ,,iii4 and ,,iv4 are both misnumbered1 causing much trouble in reference4 ,dr4 ,furnivall's print of the ,campsall ,,ms4 omits ,i4 #hij-f2 and his print of ,,ms4 ,harl4 #cidc counts in the ,latin lines here printed at p4 #djd4 #bh4 ,it is worth notice that ,troilus contains about fifty lines in which the first foot consists of a single syllable4 ,examples in ,book ,i are3-- ,that the hot-e fyr of lov' him brende3 #dij4 ,lov' ayeins the which who-so defendeth3 #fjc4 ,twen ty winter that his lady wiste3 #haa4 ,wer' it for my suster1 al thy sorwe3 #hfj4 ,next the foule netle1 rough and thikke3 #idh4 ,now ,pandar'1 ,i can no mor-e seye3 #ajea4 ,al derfirst his purpos for to winne3 #ajfi4 ,so also ,,ii4 #cfi1 #fgg1 #icd1 #ajcd1 #afbc 7and probably #afhg72 ,,iii4 #dab1 #ebf1 #ffb1 #hee 7perhaps #aeeb71 #aegj2 ,,iv4 #agf1 #fja1 #gaf1 #hdb1 #acbh1 #afgf2 ,v4 #fg 7perhaps #caa71 #ccd1 #djb1 #hjb1 #hbc1 #hbe1 #hca1 #hhj1 #hhg1 #idi1 #iej1 #ajhc1 #ajid1 #aaea1 #acgi1 #addf1 #aded1 #adfh1 #aebd4 ,it thus appears that deficient lines of this character are by no means confined to the poems in 'heroic verse1' but occur in stanzas as well4 ,compare the ,parlement of ,foules1 #dde1 #efi4 #bi4 ,,proverbs4 ,troilus contains a considerable number of proverbs and proverbial phrases or similes4 ,see1 e4 g41 ,i4 #beg1 #cjj1 #fca1 #fch1 #fid1 #gjh1 #gca1 #gdj1 #idf-ieb1 #ifj1 #ifd1 #ajjb1 #ajbd2 ,,ii4 #cdc1 #cih1 #djc1 #ehe1 #ghd1 #hjd1 #hjg1 #hfa1 #hfg1 #ajbb1 #ajcj1 #ajda1 #abch1 #abde1 #accb1 #acce1 #achj1 #achg1 #aeec1 #agde2 ,,iii4 #ce1 #aih1 #bid1 #cjh1 #cbi1 #dje1 #ebf1 #gaa1 #gfd1 #gge1 #hei1 #hfa1 #ica1 #afbe1 #afcc2 ,,iv4 #ahd1 #dae1 #dba1 #dfj1 #ehh1 #eie1 #fbb1 #gbh1 #hcf1 #ajih1 #aaje1 #acgd1 #adef1 #aehd2 ,v4 #dhd1 #eje1 #ghd1 #hii1 #iga1 #aagd1 #abfe1 #adcc4 #cj4 ,a translation of the first two books of ,troilus into ,latin verse1 by ,sir ,francis ,kinaston1 was printed at ,oxford in #afce4 ,the volume also contains a few notes1 but ,i do not find in them anything of value4 ,the author tries to reproduce the ,english stanza1 as thus3-- ',dolorem ,troili duplicem narrare1 ,qui ,priami ,regis ,trojae fuit gnatus1 ,vt primm illi contigit amare1 ,vt miser1 felix1 et infortunatus ,erat1 decessum ante sum conatus4 ,tisiphone1 fer opem recensere ,hos versus1 qui1 dum scribo1 visi flere4' ,for myself1 ,i prefer the ,english4 #ca4 ,hazlitt's ,handbook to ,popular ,literature records the following title3--',a ,paraphrase vpon the #c first bookes of ,chaucer's ,troilus and ,cressida4 ,translated into modern ,english 444 by ,jonathan ,sidnam4 ,about #afcj4 ,folio2 #gj leaves2 in #g-line stanzas4' ,,errata ,,and ,,addenda4 ,i4 ,,boethius4 ,p4 #h1 ,book ,i1 met4 #d1 l4 #h4 ,for thonder-light a better reading is thonder-leit2 see p4 xliii1 and the note 7p4 #dbb74 ,p4 #aj2 foot-notes1 l4 #aj4 ,read3 ,c4 vnplitable2 ,a4 inplitable4 ,p4 #bf1 ,book ,,ii1 met4 #a1 l4 #aa4 ,for proeueth read proeveth4 ,p4 #bi1 ,book ,,ii1 pr4 #c1 l4 #c4 ,delete the comma after wherwith4 ,p4 #dh1 ,book ,,ii1 pr4 #g1 l4 #hf4 ,for thas read that4 ,p4 #ej1 ,book ,,ii1 pr4 #h1 l4 #ag4 ,for windinge read windy4 ,see pp4 xlii1 #dcd4 ,p4 #eh1 ,book ,,iii1 pr4 #c1 l4 #fh4 ,for all read al4 ,p4 #fb1 l4 #d4 ,counted as l4 #aj2 it is really l4 #i4 ,p4 #fc1 ,book ,,iii1 pr4 #e1 l4 #da4 ,for of read of 7in italics74 ,p4 #gd1 ,book ,,iii1 pr4 #aj1 l4 #f4 ,for has read hast4 ,p4 #aaa4 ,the side-number #bae is one line too high4 ,p4 #abb1 ,book ,,iv1 met4 #f1 l4 #bd4 ,delete the square brackets2 see pp4 xlii1 xliii4 ,p4 #abd1 ,book ,,iv1 pr4 #g1 l4 #fa4 ,,ms4 ,c4 has confirme2 and ,,ms4 ,a4 has conferme4 ,but the right reading must be conforme2 for the ,latin text has conformandae4 ,,ii4 ,,troilus4 ,p4 #aei1 ,book ,i1 #bjd4 ,for cast read caste4 ,p4 #afj1 ,book ,i1 #bag4 ,the alternative reading is better2 see note1 p4 #dfc4 ,p4 #afj1 ,book ,i1 #bci4 ,for yet read yit 7for the rhyme74 ,p4 #afb1 ,book ,i1 #bhd4 ,for neuer read never4 ,p4 #afc1 ,book1 ,i1 #cji4 ,for ,troylus read ,troilus4 ,p4 #afc1 ,book ,i1 #caj4 ,for thyng read thing4 ,p4 #afe1 ,book ,i1 #dja4 ,alter 6 to 8 ,p4 #aff1 ,book ,i1 #djf4 ,for thurst read thurste4 ,p4 #aff1 ,book ,i1 #dbj4 ,for deye read dye 7for the rhyme74 ,p4 #aga1 ,book ,i1 #egj4 ,for euery read every4 ,p4 #agb1 ,book ,i1 #fba4 ,for ,troylus read ,troilus 7as elsewhere74 ,p4 #agc1 ,book ,i1 #fbf4 ,delete the comma after 'fare4' ,p4 #agd1 ,book ,i1 #fef4 ,for y read ,i4 ,p4 #agd1 ,book ,i1 #feg4 ,insert ' at the beginning4 ,p4 #aha1 ,book ,i1 #hgi4 ,for the read thee4 ,p4 #aib1 ,book ,,ii1 #aac4 ,delete ' at the end4 ,p4 #aid1 ,book ,,ii1 #agj4 ,insert ' at the beginning4 ,p4 #bje1 ,book ,,ii1 #ebi4 ,for penaunc read penaunce4 ,p4 #bjh1 ,book ,,ii1 #fbh4 ,for swych read swich4 ,p4 #bbi1 ,book ,,ii1 #abid4 ,insert ' at the beginning4 ,p4 #bcd1 ,book ,,ii1 #adfa4 ,for streyt read streght1 as in ,,ms4 ,h4 ,p4 #bfj1 ,book ,,iii1 #ebb4 ,delete the comma after laft4 ,p4 #bfj1 ,book ,,iii1 #ece4 ,for made read mad or maad4 ,p4 #bfa1 ,book ,,iii1 #eeh4 ,for lengere read lenger4 ,p4 #bfd1 ,book ,,iii1 #ffb4 ,for thondre read thonder4 ,p4 #bga1 ,book ,,iii1 #hhe4 ,for ringe read ring4 ,p4 #bhb1 ,book ,,iii1 #abai4 ,for sweet read swete4 ,p4 #cab1 ,book ,,iv1 #cah4 ,for to the peyne read to my peyne4 ,p4 #cij1 ,book ,v1 #ajci4 ,for she read he4 ,cf4 note1 p4 #dii2 and p4 lx1 l4 #c4 ,p4 #dca1 note to ,prose #e1 #ce2 l4 #c4 ,delete for which ,i find no authority4 7,in fact1 postremo is the reading given by ,peiper1 from one ,,ms4 only2 most ,,mss4 have postremae1 the reading given by ,obbarius1 who does not recognise the reading postremo74 ,p4 #dfc4 ,note to ,i1 #bag4 ,add--,so too in ,barbour's ,bruce1 i4 #ehb3 ',bot oft failyeis the fulis thocht4' ,p4 #dgi1 last line2 and p4 #dhj1 first line4 ,for represents the ,pers4 and ,arab4 du'lkarnayn1 lit4 two-horned2 from ,pers4 du1 two1 and karn1 horn--read represents the ,arab1 zu'lkarnayn1 lit4 two-horned2 from ,arab4 zu1 lord of1 hence1 possessing1 and the dual form of karn1 horn4 ,notes to ,i4 #idh1 #iea2 ,,ii4 #cf1 #acce2 ,,iii4 #abai4 ,dr4 ,kppel has shewn 7in ,archiv fr das ,studium der neueren ,sprachen1 xc4 #aej1 that ,chaucer here quotes from ,alanus de ,insulis1 ,liber ,parabolarum 7as printed in ,migne1 ,cursus ,patrologicus1 vol4 ccx74 ,the passages are3-- ,fragrantes uicina rosas urtica perurit 7col4 #ehb74 ,post noctem sperare diem1 post nubila solem2 ,post lacrimas risus laetitiamque potes 7#ehc74 ,mille uiae ducunt homines per saecula ,romam 7#eia74 ,de nuce fit corylus1 de glande fit ardua quercus 7#ehc74 ,dulcius haerescunt humano mella palato1 ,si malus hoc ipsum mordeat ante sapor 7#eib74 ,p4 #dih1 ,note to ,v1 #hjf4 ,add--,l4 #hac is due to ,dares2 see p4 lxiv1 note4 ,p4 #dii1 ,note to ,v1 #ajci1 l4 #f4 ,for the rest is ,chaucer's addition read the statement that she gave it to ,diomede is due to ,benot2 see p4 lxii4 ,again1 just below1 read ,the incidents of the 'broche' and 'pensel' are also due to the same2 see p4 lxii4 ,,boethius ,,de ,,consolatione ,,philosophie4 ,,book ,i4 ,,metre ,i4 ,carmina qui quondam studio florente peregi4 ,allas6 ,i1 weping1 am constreined to biginnen vers of sorowful matere1 that whylom in florisching studie made delitable ditees4 ,for lo6 rendinge ,muses of poetes endyten to me thinges to be writen2 and drery vers of wrecchednesse weten my face with verray teres4 ,at the leeste1 no drede ne mighte overcomen tho #e ,muses1 that they ne weren felawes1 and folweden my wey1 that is to seyn1 whan ,i was exyled2 they that weren glorie of my youthe1 whylom weleful and grene1 comforten now the sorowful werdes of me1 olde man4 ,for elde is comen unwarly upon me1 hasted by the harmes that ,i have1 and sorow hath comaunded his age to be #aj in me4 ,heres hore ben shad overtymeliche upon myn heved1 and the slake skin trembleth upon myn empted body4 ,thilke deeth of men is weleful that ne cometh not in yeres that ben swete1 but cometh to wrecches1 often y-cleped4 ,allas6 allas6 with how deef an ere deeth1 cruel1 torneth awey #ae fro wrecches1 and naiteth to closen wepinge eyen6 ,whyl ,fortune1 unfeithful1 favorede me with lighte goodes1 the sorowful houre1 that is to seyn1 the deeth1 hadde almost dreynt myn heved4 ,but now1 for ,fortune cloudy hath chaunged hir deceyvable chere to me-ward1 myn unpitous lyf draweth a-long unagreable dwellinges #bj in me4 ,o ye1 my frendes1 what or wherto avauntede ye me to ben weleful8 for he that hath fallen stood nat in stedefast degree4 ,c4 ,,ms4 ,ii4 #c4 #ba1 ,cambridge2 ,a4 ,,ms4 ,addit4 #ajcdj 7,brit4 ,mus474 ,the text follows ,c4 mainly4 ,ed4 ,printed edition 7#aecb71 quoted occasionally4 #a1 #b4 ,imperfect in ,c4 #f4 ,c4 foleweden2 ,a4 folweden4 #h4 ,c4 sorful2 ,a4 sorouful4 _/_/ ,c4 wierdes1 glossed fata2 ,a4 werdes4 #aa4 ,c4 arn2 ,a4 ben4 #ab4 ,c4 of2 ,a4 upon4 _/_/ ,c4 emptyd2 ,a4 emty4 #af4 ,c4 nayteth2 ,a4 ,ed4 naieth4 #ag4 ,a4 glosses lighte by sc4 temporels4 _/_/ ,c4 sorwful2 ,a4 sorouful4 #ai4 ,c4 deceyuable2 ,a4 disceyuable4 #bj4 ,c4 vnpietous2 ,a4 vnpitouse4 #bb4 ,c4 stidefast2 ,a4 stedfast4 ,,prose ,i4 ,hec dum mecum tacitus ipse reputarem4 ,whyle that ,i stille recordede thise thinges with my-self1 and markede my weeply compleynte with office of pointel1 ,i saw1 stondinge aboven the heighte of myn heved1 a woman of ful greet reverence by semblaunt1 hir eyen brenninge and cleer-seinge over the comune might of men2 with a lyfly colour1 and with swich #e vigour and strengthe that it ne mighte nat ben empted2 al were it so that she was ful of so greet age1 that men ne wolde nat trowen1 in no manere1 that she were of oure elde4 ,the stature of hir was of a doutous ,iugement2 for som-tyme she constreinede and shronk hir-selven lyk to the comune mesure of men1 and sum-tyme it #aj semede that she touchede the hevene with the heighte of hir heved2 and whan she heef hir heved hyer1 she percede the selve hevene1 so that the sighte of men looking was in ydel4 ,hir clothes weren maked of right delye thredes and subtil crafte1 of perdurable matere2 the whiche clothes she hadde woven with hir #ae owene hondes1 as ,i knew wel after by hir-self1 declaringe and shewinge to me the beautee2 the whiche clothes a derknesse of a forleten and dispysed elde hadde dusked and derked1 as it is wont to derken bi-smokede images4 ,in the nethereste hem or bordure of thise clothes men redden1 #bj y-woven in1 a ,grekissh ,p1 that signifyeth the lyf ,actif2 and aboven that lettre1 in the heyeste bordure1 a ,grekissh ,t1 that signifyeth the lyf ,contemplatif4 ,and bi-twixen these two lettres ther weren seyn degrees1 nobly y-wroght in manere of laddres2 by whiche degrees men mighten climben fro the nethereste lettre to the #be uppereste4 ,natheles1 handes of some men hadde corven that cloth by violence and by strengthe2 and everiche man of hem hadde born awey swiche peces as he mighte geten4 ,and forsothe1 this forseide woman bar smale bokes in hir right hand1 and in hir left hand she bar a ceptre4 #cj ,and whan she say thise poetical ,muses aprochen aboute my bed1 and endytinge wordes to my wepinges1 she was a litel amoved1 and glowede with cruel eyen4 ',who1' quod she1 'hath suffred aprochen to this syke man thise comune strompetes of swich a place that men clepen the theatre8 ,the whiche nat #ce only ne asswagen nat hise sorwes with none remedies1 but they wolden feden and norisshen hem with swete venim4 ,forsothe1 thise ben tho that with thornes and prikkinges of talents or affecciouns1 whiche that ne ben no-thing fructefyinge nor profitable1 destroyen the corn plentevous of fruites of resoun2 #dj for they holden the hertes of men in usage1 but they ne delivere nat folk fro maladye4 ,but if ye ,muses hadden withdrawen fro me1 with your flateryes1 any uncunninge and unprofitable man1 as men ben wont to finde comunly amonges the poeple1 ,i wolde wene suffre the lasse grevously2 for-why1 in swiche an unprofitable #de man1 myn ententes ne weren no-thing endamaged4 ,but ye withdrawen me this man1 that hath be norisshed in the studies or scoles of ,eleaticis and of ,achademicis in ,grece4 ,but goth now rather awey1 ye mermaidenes1 whiche that ben swete til it be at the laste1 and suffreth this man to be cured and heled by myne #ej ,muses1' that is to seyn1 by noteful sciences4 ,and thus this companye of ,muses y-blamed casten wrothly the chere dounward to the erthe2 and1 shewinge by reednesse hir shame1 they passeden sorowfully the threshfold4 ,and ,i1 of whom the sighte1 plounged in teres1 was derked so #ee that ,i ne mighte not knowen what that womman was1 of so imperial auctoritee1 ,i wex al abaisshed and astoned1 and caste my sighte doun to the erthe1 and bigan stille for to abyde what she wolde don afterward4 ,tho com she ner1 and sette hir doun up-on the uttereste corner of my bed2 and she1 biholdinge my chere1 #fj that was cast to the erthe1 hevy and grevous of wepinge1 compleinede1 with thise wordes that ,i shal seyen1 the perturbacioun of my thought4 ,,pr4 ,i4 #a4 ,c4 ,while that2 ,a4 ,in the mene while that4 #b4 ,c4 sawh2 ,a4 sawe4 #c4 ,c4 heyhte2 ,a4 heyght4 _/_/ ,c4 gret2 ,a4 greet4 #e4 ,c4 myht2 ,a4 myght4 #f4 ,c4 vygor2 ,a4 vigoure4 _/_/ ,c4 myhte2 ,a4 myght4 _/_/ ,c4 emted2 ,a4 emptid4 #g4 ,c4 gret2 ,a4 greet 7and so often74 #i4 ,c4 dowtows2 ,a4 doutous 7and so ow for ou often74 #aj4 ,c4 lyk2 ,a4 lyche4 #aa4 ,c4 heyhte2 ,a4 heyghte 7and so elsewhere74 #ab4 ,c4 hef2 ,a4 heued2 ,ed4 houe4 #ad4 ,c4 riht 7and so h for gh often74 #af4 ,c4 knewh2 ,a4 knewe4 #ag4 ,c4 dirknesse2 ,a4 derkenes4 #ai4 ,both dyrken4 _/_/ ,c4 the smokede2 ,a4 bysmoked4 #ba4 ,a4 in swiche2 ,c4 om4 swiche4 ,c4 glosses ,p by practik4 _/_/ ,c4 syngnifieth2 ,a4 signifieth4 #bb4 ,c4 glosses ,t by theorik4 _/_/ ,c4 singnifieth2 ,a4 signifieth4 #bc4 ,c4 by-twixen2 ,a4 by-twene4 #bd4 ,c4 nobely2 ,a4 nobly4 #be4 ,c4 clymbyn 7and so -yn for -en constantly74 _/_/ ,c4 ,ed4 nethereste2 ,a4 nethemast4 #bf4 ,c4 ,ed4 vppereste2 ,a4 ouermast #ca4 ,c4 say2 ,a4 saugh4 #cc4 ,c4 amoued2 ,a4 ameued4 _/_/ ,c4 cruwel2 ,a4 cruel4 #cd4 ,c4 sike2 ,a4 seek4 _/_/ ,c4 the2 ,a4 thise 7,lat4 has74 #cg4 ,c4 noryssyn2 ,a4 norysche4 _/_/ ,c4 hym2 ,a4 hem4 #ci4 ,c4 fructefiynge2 ,a4 frutefiyng4 #dj4 ,c4 corn2 ,a4 cornes 7,lat4 segetem74 #da4 ,c4 om4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 ne4 #db4 ,c4 maledye2 ,a4 maladye4 #dd4 ,c4 poeple2 ,a4 peple4 #de4 ,c4 greuosly2 ,a4 greuously 7and so often os for ous in ,c474 #dh4 ,c4 schooles2 ,a4 scoles4 #ec4 ,c4 downward2 ,a4 adounward4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 and4 _/_/ ,c4 rednesse2 ,a4 redenesse4 #ed4 ,c4 sorwfully4 _/_/ ,c4 thresshfold2 ,a4 threschefolde4 #ee4 ,c4 dyrked2 ,a4 derked4 #eg4 ,c4 wax2 ,a4 wex4 _/_/ ,c4 cast2 ,a4 caste4 #eh4 ,c4 down to2 ,a4 adoune in-to4 #ei4 ,c4 ner2 ,a4 nere4 #fa4 ,c4 compleyde2 ,a4 compleinede4 #fc4 ,c4 thowht2 ,a4 thought4 ,,metre ,,ii4 ,heu quam precipiti mersa profundo4 ',allas6 how the thought of man1 dreint in over-throwinge deepnesse1 dulleth1 and forleteth his propre cleernesse1 mintinge to goon in-to foreine derknesses1 as ofte as his anoyous bisinesse wexeth with-oute mesure1 that is driven to and fro with worldly windes6 ,this man1 that whylom was free1 to whom the hevene #e was open and knowen1 and was wont to goon in heveneliche pathes1 and saugh the lightnesse of the rede sonne1 and saugh the sterres of the colde mone1 and whiche sterre in hevene useth wandering recourses1 y-flit by dyverse speres--this man1 overcomer1 hadde comprehended al this by noumbre of acountinge in #aj astronomye4 ,and over this1 he was wont to seken the causes whennes the souning windes moeven and bisien the smothe water of the see2 and what spirit torneth the stable hevene2 and why the sterre aryseth out of the rede eest1 to fallen in the westrene wawes2 and what atempreth the lusty houres of the firste somer #ae sesoun1 that highteth and apparaileth the erthe with rosene flowres2 and who maketh that plentevouse autompne1 in fulle yeres1 fleteth with hevy grapes4 ,and eek this man was wont to telle the dyverse causes of nature that weren y-hidde4 ,allas6 now lyeth he empted of light of his thought2 and his nekke is pressed with #bj hevy cheynes2 and bereth his chere enclyned adoun for the grete weighte1 and is constreined to looken on the fool erthe6 ,,me4 ,,ii4 #c4 ,c4 dyrk-2 ,a4 derk-4 #d4 ,c4 wordely2 ,a4 worldly 7,lat4 terrenis74 #e4 ,c4 ,ed4 whilom2 ,a4 sumtyme4 #g4 ,c4 lythnesse2 ,a4 lyghtnesse4 #aj4 ,c4 comprendyd2 ,a4 ,ed4 comprehendid4 #aa4 ,c4 seken2 ,a4 seche4 #ad4 ,c4 est2 ,a4 eest4 #ae4 ,c4 fyrst2 ,a4 fyrste4 #ag4 ,a4 that2 ,c4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 autompne2 ,a4 autumpne4 #ai4 ,c4 ,i-hydde2 ,a4 yhidde4 _/_/ ,c4 lith2 ,a4 lieth4 #bj4 ,a4 emptid2 ,c4 emted4 #bb4 ,c4 the fool2 ,ed4 the fole2 ,a4 foule 7,lat4 stolidam74 ,,prose ,,ii4 ,set medicine1 inquit1 tempus est4 ,but tyme is now1' quod she1 'of medicine more than of compleinte4' ,forsothe than she1 entendinge to me-ward with alle the lookinge of hir eyen1 seide3--',art nat thou he1' quod she1 'that whylom y-norisshed with my milk1 and fostered with myne metes1 were escaped and comen to corage of a parfit man8 #e ,certes1 ,i yaf thee swiche armures that1 yif thou thy-self ne haddest first cast hem a-wey1 they shulden han defended thee in sikernesse that may nat ben over-comen4 ,knowest thou me nat8 ,why art thou stille8 ,is it for shame or for astoninge8 ,it were me lever that it were for shame2 but it semeth me that #aj astoninge hath oppressed thee4' ,and whan she say me nat only stille1 but with-outen office of tunge and al doumb1 she leide hir hand softely upon my brest1 and seide3 ',here nis no peril1' quod she2 'he is fallen into a litargie1 whiche that is a comune sykenes to hertes that ben deceived4 ,he hath a litel foryeten him-self1 #ae but certes he shal lightly remembren him-self1 yif so be that he hath knowen me or now2 and that he may so don1 ,i wil wypen a litel his eyen1 that ben derked by the cloude of mortal thinges4' ,thise wordes seide she1 and with the lappe of hir garment1 y-plyted in a frounce1 she dryede myn eyen1 that weren fulle of the wawes #bj of my wepinges4 ,,pr4 ,,ii4 #d4 ,c4 ,ed4 whilom2 ,a4 sumtyme4 _/_/ ,c4 noryssed2 ,a4 ,i-norschide4 #e4 ,c4 escaped2 ,a4 ascaped4 #h4 ,c4 ,knowestow2 ,a4 ,knowest thou4 #i4 ,c4 artow2 ,a4 art thou4 _/_/ ,c4 it is2 ,a4 ,ed4 is it4 _/_/ ,c4 asthonynge 7but astonynge below74 #ad4 ,c4 litarge2 ,a4 litargie4 _/_/ ,c4 sykenesse2 ,a4 sekenes4 #ae4 ,c4 desseyued2 ,a4 desceiued4 #af4 ,c4 remenbren2 ,a4 remembren4 ,,metre ,,iii4 ,tunc me discussa liquerunt nocte tenebre4 ,thus1 whan that night was discussed and chased a-wey1 derknesses forleften me1 and to myn eyen repeirede ayein hir firste strengthe4 ,and1 right by ensaumple as the sonne is hid whan the sterres ben clustred 7that is to seyn1 whan sterres ben covered with cloudes7 by a swifte winde that highte ,chorus1 and #e that the firmament stant derked by wete ploungy cloudes1 and that the sterres nat apperen up-on hevene1 so that the night semeth sprad up-on erthe3 yif thanne the wind that highte ,borias1 y-sent out of the caves of the contree of ,trace1 beteth this night 7that is to seyn1 chaseth it a-wey71 and descovereth the closed day3 #aj than shyneth ,phebus y-shaken with sodein light1 and smyteth with his bemes in mervelinge eyen4 ,,me4 ,,iii4 #a4 ,c4 descussed2 ,a4 discussed4 #b4 ,c4 dirk-2 ,a4 derk-4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 ayein4 #c4 ,c4 fyrst2 ,a4 firste4 #e4 ,c4 heyhte2 ,a4 hyght4 #f4 ,c4 dirked2 ,a4 derked4 #h4 ,c4 hyhte2 ,a4 hyght4 ,,prose ,,iii4 ,haud aliter tristicie nebulis dissolutis4 ,right so1 and non other wyse1 the cloudes of sorwe dissolved and don a-wey1 ,i took hevene1 and receivede minde to knowen the face of my fysicien2 so that ,i sette myn eyen on hir1 and fastnede my lookinge4 ,i beholde my norice ,philosophie1 in whos houses ,i hadde conversed and haunted fro my youthe2 and ,i seide thus4 #e ',o thou maistresse of alle vertues1 descended from the soverein sete1 why artow comen in-to this solitarie place of myn exil8 ,artow comen for thou art maked coupable with me of false blames8' ',o1' quod she1 'my norry1 sholde ,i forsaken thee now1 and #aj sholde ,i nat parten with thee1 by comune travaile1 the charge that thou hast suffred for envie of my name8 ,certes1 it nere not leveful ne sittinge thing to ,philosophie1 to leten with-outen companye the wey of him that is innocent4 ,sholde ,i thanne redoute my blame1 and agrysen as though ther were bifallen a #ae newe thing8 quasi diceret1 non4 ,for trowestow that ,philosophie be now alderfirst assailed in perils by folk of wikkede maneres8 ,have ,i nat striven with ful greet stryf1 in olde tyme1 bifore the age of my ,plato1 ayeines the foolhardinesse of folye8 ,and eek1 the same ,plato livinge1 his maister ,socrates deservede victorie of #bj unrightful deeth in my presence4 ,the heritage of which ,socrates--the heritage is to seyn the doctrine of the whiche ,socrates in his opinioun of ,felicitee1 that ,i clepe welefulnesse--whan that the poeple of ,epicuriens and ,stoiciens and many othre enforceden hem to go ravisshe everich man for his part--that is to seyn1 #be that everich of hem wolde drawen to the defence of his opinioun the wordes of ,socrates--they1 as in partie of hir preye1 to-drowen me1 cryinge and debatinge ther-ayeins1 and corven and to-renten my clothes that ,i hadde woven with myn handes2 and with tho cloutes that they hadden araced out of my clothes they wenten #cj awey1 weninge that ,i hadde gon with hem everydel4 ,in whiche ,epicuriens and ,stoiciens1 for as moche as ther semede some traces or steppes of myn habite1 the folye of men1 weninge tho ,epicuriens and ,stoiciens my famuleres1 perverted 7sc4 persequendo7 some through the errour of the wikkede or uncunninge #ce multitude of hem4 ,this is to seyn that1 for they semede philosophres1 they weren pursued to the deeth and slayn4 ,so yif thou hast nat knowen the exilinge of ,anaxogore1 ne the enpoysoninge of ,socrates1 ne the tourments of ,zeno1 for they weren straungeres3 yit mightestow han knowen the ,senecciens and the ,canios and #dj the ,sorans1 of whiche folk the renoun is neither over-olde ne unsolempne ,the whiche men1 no-thing elles ne broughte hem to the deeth but only for they weren enfourmed of myne maneres1 and semeden most unlyke to the studies of wikkede folk4 ,and forthy thou oughtest nat to wondren though that ,i1 in the bittre #de see of this lyf1 be fordriven with tempestes blowinge aboute1 in the whiche tempestes this is my most purpos1 that is to seyn1 to displesen to wikkede men4 ,of whiche shrewes1 al be the ost never so greet1 it is to dispyse2 for it nis governed with no leder of resoun1 but it is ravisshed only by fletinge errour folyly and #ej lightly4 ,and if they som-tyme1 makinge an ost ayeins us1 assaile us as strenger1 our leder draweth to-gidere hise richesses in-to his tour1 and they ben ententif aboute sarpulers or sachels unprofitable for to taken4 ,but we that ben heye aboven1 siker fro alle tumulte and wode noise1 warnestored and enclosed in swich a #ee palis1 whider as that chateringe or anoyinge folye ne may nat atayne1 we scorne swiche ravineres and henteres of fouleste thinges4 ,,pr4 ,,iii4 #c4 ,c4 fesissien2 ,a4 fyciscien2 ,ed4 phisycien4 _/_/ ,c4 fastnede2 ,a4 festned4 #d4 ,lat4 respicio4 #f4 ,c4 vertuus2 ,a4 vertues4 #g4 ,c4 artow2 ,a4 art thou4 #ac4 ,a4 om4 thing4 #ad4 ,c4 compaygnie2 ,a4 compaignie4 #af4 ,c4 trowestow2 ,a4 trowest thou4 #bj4 ,c4 desseruede2 ,a4 deserued4 #ba4 ,c4 eritage2 ,a4 heritage4 #be4 ,c4 rauysse2 ,a4 rauische4 #bf4 ,c4 deffence2 ,a4 defence4 #cj4 ,c4 arraced2 ,a4 arased4 #ca4 ,c4 om4 ,i4 #cc4 ,c4 or2 ,a4 and4 #cd4 ,a4 familers4 #cf4 ,a4 om4 that4 #ch4 ,c4 om4 #ast of4 #dj4 ,c4 myhtestow2 ,a4 myghtest thou4 _/_/ ,c4 ,senecciens2 ,a4 ,senectiens2 ,ed4 ,senecas4 #dc4 ,c4 enformyd2 ,a4 vnfourmed4 #dd4 ,c4 vnlyk2 ,a4 vnlyke4 #dh4 ,c4 oost1 glossed i4 acies4 #ej4 ,c4 rauyssed2 ,a4 rauysched4 _/_/ ,c4 folyly1 i4 sine consilio4 #eb4 ,a4 hys rycchesse4 #ec4 ,c4 sarpuleris2 ,a4 sarpulers4 #ee4 ,c4 tumolte2 ,a4 tumulte4 _/_/ ,a4 stored4 #ef4 ,c4 palis2 ,a4 palays 7,lat4 uallo74 _/_/ ,c4 om4 that4 _/_/ ,c4 anoyenge2 ,a4 anoying4 #eg ,c4 atayne2 ,a4 attayne4 _/_/ ,c4 schorne2 ,a4 scorne4 ,,metre ,,iv4 ,quisquis composito serenus euo4 ,who-so it be that is cleer of vertu1 sad1 and wel ordinat of livinge1 that hath put under foot the proude werdes and looketh upright up-on either fortune1 he may holde his chere undiscomfited4 ,the rage ne the manaces of the see1 commoevinge or chasinge upward hete fro the botme1 ne shal not moeve that #e man2 ne the unstable mountaigne that highte ,vesevus1 that wrytheth out through his brokene chiminees smokinge fyres4 ,ne the wey of thonder-light1 that is wont to smyten heye toures1 ne shal nat moeve that man4 ,wher-to thanne1 o wrecches1 drede ye tirauntes that ben wode and felonous with-oute any strengthe8 #aj ,hope after no-thing1 ne drede nat2 and so shaltow desarmen the ire of thilke unmighty tiraunt4 ,but who-so that1 quakinge1 dredeth or desireth thing that nis nat stable of his right1 that man that so doth hath cast awey his sheld and is remoeved fro his place1 and enlaceth him in the cheyne with the which he may #ae ben drawen4 ,,me4 ,,iv4 #b4 ,c4 leuynge2 ,a4 lyuyng4 _/_/ ,both wierdes2 ,c4 has the gloss fata4 #c4 ,c4 may his cheere holde vndescounfited2 ,a4 may holde hys chiere vndiscomfited4 #d4 ,c4 manesses2 ,a4 manace 7,lat4 minae74 #e4 hete 7,lat4 aestum74 #f4 ,c4 hihte2 ,a4 hyght4 #g4 ,ed4 writheth2 ,c4 writith2 ,a4 wircheth 7,lat4 torquet74 _/_/ ,a4 chemineys4 #i4 ,c4 ,whar-2 ,a4 ,wher-4 #aj4 ,c4 felonos2 ,a4 felownes4 #aa4 ,c4 deseruien2 ,a4 desarmen2 ,ed4 disarmen4 #ad4 ,c4 remwed2 ,a4 remoeued4 #ae4 ,a4 om4 the before which4 ,,prose ,,iv4 ,sentisne1 inquit1 hec4 ',felestow1' quod she1 'thise thinges1 and entren they aught in thy corage8 ,artow lyke an asse to the harpe8 ,why wepestow1 why spillestow teres8 ,yif thou abydest after help of thy leche1 thee bihoveth discovere thy wounde4' ,tho ,i1 that hadde gadered strengthe in my corage1 answerede #e and seide3 ',and nedeth it yit1' quod ,i1 'of rehersinge or of amonicioun2 and sheweth it nat y-nough by him-self the sharpnesse of ,fortune1 that wexeth wood ayeins me8 ,ne moeveth it nat thee to seen the face or the manere of this place 7i4 prisoun78 ,is this the librarie whiche that thou haddest chosen for a right #aj certein sete to thee in myn hous1 ther-as thou desputedest ofte with me of the sciences of thinges touchinge divinitee and touchinge mankinde8 ,was thanne myn habite swich as it is now8 ,was than my face or my chere swiche as now 7quasi diceret1 non71 whan ,i soughte with thee secrets of nature1 whan thou enformedest #ae my maneres and the resoun of alle my lyf to the ensaumple of the ordre of hevene8 ,is nat this the guerdoun that ,i referre to thee1 to whom ,i have be obeisaunt8 ,certes1 thou confermedest1 by the mouth of ,plato1 this sentence1 that is to seyn1 that comune thinges or comunalitees weren blisful1 yif they that hadden studied #bj al fully to wisdom governeden thilke thinges1 or elles yif it so bifille that the governoures of comunalitees studieden to geten wisdom4 ,thou seidest eek1 by the mouth of the same ,plato1 that it was a necessarie cause1 wyse men to taken and desire the governaunce #be of comune thinges1 for that the governements of citees1 y-left in the handes of felonous tormentours citizenes1 ne sholde nat bringe in pestilence and destruccioun to gode folk4 ,and therfor ,i1 folwinge thilke auctoritee 7sc4 ,platonis71 desired to putten forth in execucioun and in acte of comune administracioun thilke #cj thinges that ,i hadde lerned of thee among my secree resting-whyles4 ,thou1 and god that putte thee in the thoughtes of wyse folk1 ben knowinge with me1 that no-thing ne broughte me to maistrie or dignitee1 but the comune studie of alle goodnesse4 ,and ther-of comth it that bi-twixen wikked folk and me han ben #ce grevous discordes1 that ne mighten ben relesed by preyeres2 for this libertee hath the freedom of conscience1 that the wratthe of more mighty folk hath alwey ben despysed of me for savacioun of right4 ,how ofte have ,i resisted and withstonde thilke man that highte #dj ,conigaste1 that made alwey assautes ayeins the prospre fortunes of pore feble folk8 ,how ofte eek have ,i put of or cast out him1 ,trigwille1 provost of the kinges hous1 bothe of the wronges that he hadde bigunne to don1 and eek fully performed8 ,how ofte have ,i covered and defended by the auctoritee of me1 put ayeins perils-- #de that is to seyn1 put myn auctoritee in peril for--the wrecched pore folk1 that the covetyse of straungeres unpunished tourmenteden alwey with miseyses and grevaunces out of noumbre8 ,never man ne drow me yit fro right to wronge4 ,whan ,i say the fortunes and the richesses of the poeple of the provinces ben harmed or #ej amenused1 outher by privee ravynes or by comune tributes or cariages1 as sory was ,i as they that suffreden the harm4 ,,glossa4 ,whan that ,theodoric1 the king of ,gothes1 in a dere yere1 hadde hise gerneres ful of corn1 and comaundede that no man ne sholde byen no corn til his corn were sold1 and that at a grevous #ee dere prys1 ,boece withstood that ordinaunce1 and over-com it1 knowinge al this the king him-self4 ,,textus4 ,whan it was in the soure hungry tyme1 ther was establisshed or cryed grevous and inplitable coempcioun1 that men sayen wel it sholde greetly turmenten and endamagen al the #fj province of ,campaigne1 ,i took stryf ayeins the provost of the pretorie for comune profit4 ,and1 the king knowinge of it1 ,i overcom it1 so that the coempcioun ne was not axed ne took effect4 ,,glossa4 ,coempcioun1 that is to seyn1 comune achat or bying to-gidere1 that were establisshed up-on the poeple by swiche a manere #fe imposicioun1 as who-so boughte a busshel corn1 he moste yeve the king the fifte part4 ,,textus4 ,paulin1 a counseiller of ,rome1 the richesses of the whiche ,paulin the houndes of the palays1 that is to seyn1 the officeres1 wolden han devoured by hope and covetise1 yit drow ,i him out of #gj the ,iowes 7sc4 faucibus7 of hem that gapeden4 ,and for as moche as the peyne of the accusacioun aiuged biforn ne sholde nat sodeinly henten ne punisshen wrongfully ,albin1 a counseiller of ,rome1 ,i putte me ayeins the hates and indignaciouns of the accusor ,ciprian4 ,is it nat thanne y-nough y-seyn1 that ,i have #ge purchased grete discordes ayeins my-self8 ,but ,i oughte be the more assured ayeins alle othre folk 7s4 ,romayns71 that for the love of rightwisnesse ,i ne reserved never no-thing to my-self to hem-ward of the kinges halle1 sc4 officers1 by the whiche ,i were the more siker4 ,but thorugh tho same accusers accusinge1 ,i am condempned4 #hj ,of the noumbir of the whiche accusers oon ,basilius1 that whylom was chased out of the kinges service1 is now compelled in accusinge of my name1 for nede of foreine moneye4 ,also ,opilion and ,gaudencius han accused me1 al be it so that the ,iustice regal hadde whylom demed hem bothe to go in-to exil for #he hir trecheryes and fraudes withoute noumbir4 ,to whiche ,iugement they nolden nat obeye1 but defendeden hem by the sikernesse of holy houses1 that is to seyn1 fledden into seintuaries2 and whan this was aperceived to the king1 he comaundede1 that but they voidede the citee of ,ravenne by certein day assigned1 that #ij men sholde merken hem on the forheved with an hoot yren and chasen hem out of the toune4 ,now what thing1 semeth thee1 mighte ben lykned to this crueltee8 ,for certes1 thilke same day was received the accusinge of my name by thilke same accusers4 ,what may ben seid her-to8 7quasi diceret1 nichil74 ,hath my #ie studie and my cunninge deserved thus2 or elles the forseide dampnacioun of me1 made that hem rightful accusers or no8 7quasi diceret1 non74 ,was not ,fortune ashamed of this8 ,certes1 al hadde nat ,fortune ben ashamed that innocence was accused1 yit oughte she han had shame of the filthe of myne accusours4 #ajj ,but1 axestow in somme1 of what gilt ,i am accused1 men seyn that ,i wolde save the companye of the senatours4 ,and desirest thou to heren in what manere8 ,i am accused that ,i sholde han destourbed the accuser to beren lettres1 by whiche he sholde han maked the senatoures gilty ayeins the kinges real maiestee4 ,o #aje maistresse1 what demestow of this8 ,shal ,i forsake this blame1 that ,i ne be no shame to thee8 7quasi diceret1 non74 ,certes1 ,i have wold it1 that is to seyn1 the savacioun of the senat1 ne ,i shal never leten to wilne it1 and that ,i confesse and am aknowe2 but the entente of the accuser to be destourbed shal cese4 ,for shal ,i #aaj clepe it thanne a felonie or a sinne that ,i have desired the savacioun of the ordre of the senat8 7quasi diceret1 dubito quid74 ,and certes yit hadde thilke same senat don by me1 thorugh hir decrets and hir ,iugements1 as though it were a sinne or a felonie2 that is to seyn1 to wilne the savacioun of hem 7sc4 senatus74 ,but #aae folye1 that lyeth alwey to him-self1 may not chaunge the merite of thinges4 ,ne ,i trowe nat1 by the ,iugement of ,socrates1 that it were leveful to me to hyde the sothe1 ne assente to lesinges4 ,but certes1 how so ever it be of this1 ,i putte it to gessen or preisen to the ,iugement of thee and of wyse folk4 ,of whiche #abj thing al the ordinaunce and the sothe1 for as moche as folk that ben to comen after our dayes shullen knowen it1 ,i have put it in scripture and in remembraunce4 ,for touching the lettres falsly maked1 by whiche lettres ,i am accused to han hoped the fredom of ,rome1 what aperteneth me to speke ther-of8 ,of whiche #abe lettres the fraude hadde ben shewed apertly1 yif ,i hadde had libertee for to han used and ben at the confessioun of myne accusours1 the whiche thing in alle nedes hath greet strengthe4 ,for what other fredom may men hopen8 ,certes1 ,i wolde that som other fredom mighte ben hoped4 ,i wolde thanne han #acj answered by the wordes of a man that highte ,canius2 for whan he was accused by ,gaius ,cesar1 ,germeynes sone1 that he 7,canius7 was knowinge and consentinge of a coniuracioun y-maked ayeins him 7sc4 ,gaius71 this ,canius answerede thus3 ,yif ,i hadde wist it1 thou haddest nat wist it4 ,in which thing #ace sorwe hath nat so dulled my wit1 that ,i pleyne only that shrewede folk aparailen felonies ayeins vertu2 but ,i wondre greetly how that they may performe thinges that they hadde hoped for to don4 ,for-why1 to wilne shrewednesse1 that comth peraventure of oure defaute2 but it is lyk a monstre and a mervaille1 how #adj that1 in the present sighte of god1 may ben acheved and performed swiche thinges as every felonous man hath conceived in his thought ayeins innocents4 ,for which thing oon of thy famileres nat unskilfully axed thus3 ,yif god is1 whennes comen wikkede thinges8 ,and yif god ne is1 whennes comen gode thinges8 #ade ,but al hadde it ben leveful that felonous folk1 that now desiren the blood and the deeth of alle gode men and eek of alle the senat1 han wilned to gon destroyen me1 whom they han seyen alwey batailen and defenden gode men and eek al the senat1 yit had ,i nat desserved of the faderes1 that is to seyn1 of the #aej senatoures1 that they sholden wilne my destruccioun4 ,thou remembrest wel1 as ,i gesse1 that whan ,i wolde doon or seyen any thing1 thou thyself1 alwey present1 rewledest me4 ,at the city of ,verone1 whan that the king1 gredy of comune slaughter1 caste him to transporten up al the ordre of the senat the gilt of #aee his real maiestee1 of the whiche gilt that ,albin was accused1 with how gret sikernesse of peril to me defendede ,i al the senat6 ,thou wost wel that ,i seye sooth1 ne ,i ne avauntede me never in preysinge of my-self4 ,for alwey1 whan any wight receiveth precious renoun in avauntinge him-self of his werkes1 he amenuseth #afj the secree of his conscience4 ,but now thou mayst wel seen to what ende ,i am comen for myne innocence2 ,i receive peyne of fals felonye for guerdon of verray vertu4 ,and what open confessioun of felonye hadde ever ,iuges so acordaunt in crueltee1 that is to seyn1 as myn accusinge hath1 that either errour of mannes #afe wit or elles condicioun of ,fortune1 that is uncertein to alle mortal folk1 ne submittede some of hem1 that is to seyn1 that it ne enclynede som ,iuge to han pitee or compassioun8 ,for al-thogh ,i hadde ben accused that ,i wolde brenne holy houses1 and strangle preestes with wikkede swerde1 or that ,i hadde greythed deeth to al gode #agj men1 algates the sentence sholde han punisshed me1 present1 confessed1 or convict4 ,but now ,i am remewed fro the citee of ,rome almost fyve hundred thousand pas1 ,i am with-oute defence dampned to proscripcioun and to the deeth1 for the studie and bountees that ,i have doon to the senat4 ,but ,o1 wel ben they #age worthy of merite 7as who seith1 nay71 ther mighte never yit non of hem be convict of swiche a blame as myne is6 ,of whiche trespas1 myne accusours sayen ful wel the dignitee2 the whiche dignitee1 for they wolden derken it with medeling of som felonye1 they baren me on hand1 and lyeden1 that ,i hadde polut and #ahj defouled my conscience with sacrilege1 for coveitise of dignitee4 ,and certes1 thou thy-self1 that are plaunted in me1 chacedest out of the sege of my corage al coveitise of mortal thinges2 ne sacrilege hadde no leve to han a place in me biforn thyne eyen4 ,for thou droppedest every day in myne eres and in my thought #ahe thilke comaundement of ,pictagoras1 that is to seyn1 men shal serve to godde1 and not to goddes4 ,ne it was nat convenient1 ne no nede1 to taken help of the foulest spirites2 ,i1 that thou hast ordeined and set in swiche excellence that thou makedest me lyk to god4 ,and over this1 the right clene secree chaumbre #aij of myne hous1 that is to seyn1 my wyf1 and the companye of myn honest freendes1 and my wyves fader1 as wel holy as worthy to ben reverenced thorugh his owne dedes1 defenden me from alle suspecioun of swich blame4 ,but ,o malice6 ,for they that accusen me taken of thee1 ,philosophie1 feith of so gret blame6 #aie ,for they trowen that ,i have had affinitee to malefice or enchauntement1 by-cause that ,i am replenisshed and fulfilled with thy techinges1 and enformed of thy maneres4 ,and thus it suffiseth not only1 that thy reverence ne availe me not1 but-yif that thou1 of thy free wille1 rather be blemished with myn offencioun4 ,but #bjj certes1 to the harmes that ,i have1 ther bitydeth yit this encrees of harm1 that the gessinge and the ,iugement of moche folk ne looken no-thing to the desertes of thinges1 but only to the aventure of fortune2 and iugen that only swiche thinges ben purveyed of god1 whiche that temporel welefulnesse commendeth4 #bje ,,glose4 ,as thus3 that1 yif a wight have prosperitee1 he is a good man and worthy to han that prosperitee2 and who-so hath adversitee1 he is a wikked man1 and god hath forsake him1 and he is worthy to han that adversitee4 ,this is the opinioun of some #baj folk4 ,and ther-of comth that good gessinge1 first of alle thing1 forsaketh wrecches3 certes1 it greveth me to thinke right now the dyverse sentences that the poeple seith of me4 ,and thus moche ,i seye1 that the laste charge of contrarious fortune is this3 that1 #bae whan that any blame is leyd upon a caitif1 men wenen that he hath deserved that he suffreth4 ,and ,i1 that am put awey fro gode men1 and despoiled of dignitees1 and defouled of my name by gessinge1 have suffred torment for my gode dedes4 ,certes1 me semeth that ,i see the felonous covines of wikked men #bbj habounden in ,ioye and in gladnesse4 ,and ,i see that every lorel shapeth him to finde out newe fraudes for to accuse gode folk4 ,and ,i see that gode men beth overthrowen for drede of my peril2 and every luxurious tourmentour dar doon alle felonye unpunisshed and ben excited therto by yiftes2 and #bbe innocents ne ben not only despoiled of sikernesse but of defence2 and therfore me list to cryen to god in this wyse3-- ,,pr4 ,,iv4 #a4 ,c4 ,felistow2 ,a4 ,felest thou4 #b4 ,a4 ,art thou4 _/_/ ,c4 wepistow2 ,a4 wepest thou4 #c4 ,a4 spillest thou4 #i4 ,c4 sen2 ,a4 seen4 #aa4 ,a4 sege 7for sete74 #ab4 ,so ,a42 ,c4 deuynyte4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 #bnd touchinge4 #ac4 ,c4 om4 it is4 #ad4 ,c4 om4 quasi 444 non4 #ag4 ,after this1 ,c4 has nonne2 ,a4 has ironice4 _/_/ ,c4 gerdouns2 ,a4 gerdoun 7,lat4 praemia74 #ah4 ,c4 conformedest 7,lat4 sanxisti72 see note4 #ai4 ,c4 ,mowht2 ,a4 mouthe4 #bj4 ,a4 comunabletes4 #bb4 ,a4 studieden in grete wisdomes4 #be4 ,c4 whise2 ,a4 wyse4 #bf4 ,a4 of comune citees 7,lat4 urbium74 #bg4 ,c4 citesenes2 ,a4 citizenis4 #bi4 ,a4 folowynge4 _/_/ ,c4 autorite2 ,a4 auctoritee4 #cj4 ,c4 excussioun7672 ,a4 execusioun4 #cb4 ,c4 whise2 ,a4 wise4 #cc4 ,a4 knowen2 ,c4 has the gloss concij 7 conscii74 #cd4 ,c4 dignete2 ,a4 dignite4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 the4 #cf4 ,so ,a42 ,c4 descordes4 _/_/ ,above preyeres1 ,c4 has i4 est inexorabiles4 #cg4 ,a4 om4 #bnd the4 #ch4 ,c4 sauacioun2 ,a4 saluacioun4 #dj4 ,c4 recisted4 _/_/ ,c4 hyhte2 ,a4 hyght4 #da4 ,c4 ,ed4 prospere2 ,a4 propre4 #db4 ,a4 poure4 _/_/ ,c4 fookk2 ,a4 folke4 #de4 ,c4 deffended2 ,a4 defended4 _/_/ ,c4 autorite2 ,a4 auctorite4 #dg4 ,c4 vnpunyssed2 ,a4 -nysched4 #di4 ,c4 ne drowh2 ,a4 drowe4 #ej4 ,a4 rychesse4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 #bnd the4 #ea4 ,a4 eyther 7for outher74 _/_/ ,c4 pryuey2 ,a4 priue4 _/_/ ,c4 ,raueynes2 ,a4 rauynes4 #ed4 ,c4 yer2 ,a4 yere4 #ee4 ,c4 ,a4 solde4 #eh4 ,c4 sowre2 ,a4 soure 7,lat4 acerbae famis tempore74 #ei4 ,a4 establissed2 ,c4 estabelissed4 _/_/ ,c4 vnplitable2 ,a4 inplitable 7,lat4 inexplicabilis74 #fa4 ,ed4 ,campayne2 ,c4 ,a4 ,compaygne4 #fd4 ,the gloss 7,coempcioun 444 part7 is misplaced in both ,,mss41 so as to precede ,whan it was 7#eh74 #fe4 ,c4 estabelissed4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 the4 #ff4 ,c4 imposiscioun4 _/_/ ,c4 bossel2 ,a4 busshel4 #fh4 ,so ,a42 ,c4 consoler 7674 _/_/ ,a4 rychesse4 #fi4 ,c4 palysse2 ,a4 palays4 #gj4 ,c4 drowh2 ,a4 drowe4 #ga4 sc4 faucibus from ,a4 #gc4 ,c4 punisse2 ,a4 punischen4 _/_/ ,c4 conseyler4 #ge4 ,a4 yseyne4 #gg4 ,a4 asseured4 #gh4 ,after no-thing1 ,c4 adds i4 affinite4 #gi4 ,c4 om4 #bnd the4 #ha4 ,a4 om4 #bnd the4 #hb1 #he4 ,c4 whilom2 ,a4 somtyme4 #hd4 ,c4 caudencius 7wrongly74 #hh4 ,c4 sentuarye2 ,a4 seyntuaries4 #hi4 ,c4 om4 was4 #ij4 ,c4 assingned2 ,a4 assigned4 #ia4 ,c4 me 7 men72 ,a4 men4 _/_/ ,c4 marke2 ,a4 merken4 #ib4 ,a4 om4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 thee4 #ic4 ,c4 crwelte4 #id4 ,c4 resseyued4 #ih4 ,c4 asshamyd2 ,a4 asshamed4 #ii4 ,c4 whas4 #aja4 ,a4 axest thou4 #ajb4 ,c4 desires4 #ajd4 ,c4 destorbed2 ,a4 distourbed4 #ajf4 ,c4 maysteresse2 ,a4 meistresse4 ,a4 demest thou4 #aji4 ,c4 om4 that4 #aji4 ,c4 ,i am2 ,a4 ,ed4 om4 ,i4 #aaj4 ,c4 destorbed4 #aaa4 ,a4 a felonie than4 #aad4 ,c4 and 7for or74 #aai4 ,c4 ,a4 put4 #abj4 ,c4 whise4 #abb4 ,c4 shellen2 ,a4 schollen 7better shullen74 #abc4 ,a4 om4 #bnd in4 ,c4 thowchinge4 #abe4 ,c4 om4 ,of whiche lettres4 #abi4 ,c4 om4 what4 _/_/ ,c4 hoepen4 #acc4 ,c4 om4 ,canius4 #acf4 ,c4 sorw4 #acg4 ,c4 felonies2 ,a4 folies 7,lat4 scelerata74 _/_/ ,a4 vertues 7wrongly74 #ach4 ,c4 han2 ,a4 had 7better hadde74 #aci4 ,c4 om4 to4 #adh4 ,c4 gon and2 ,a4 ,ed4 om4 and4 #aea4 ,c4 willene2 ,a4 wilne4 #aec4 ,c4 rwledest4 #aed4 ,c4 om4 #ast the4 #aee4 ,c4 transpor7674 ,c4 vp2 ,a4 vp on4 #aeg4 ,c4 deffendede4 #aeh4 ,a4 om4 #bnd ne4 #aei4 ,c4 resseyueth2 ,a4 resceiueth4 #afb4 ,c4 resseyue2 ,a4 receiue4 #afc4 ,a4 in 7for for74 _/_/ ,both gerdoun2 ,ed4 gwerdone4 #afd4 ,c4 crwelte4 #aga4 ,c4 punyssed2 ,a4 punysched4 #agb4 ,a4 conuict2 ,c4 conuict4 _/_/ ,so ,a42 ,c4 remwed4 #agc4 ,c4 paas4 #agf4 ,c4 merite2 ,a4 mercye2 7gloss in ,c4 ironice2 ,o meritos74 #agi4 ,c4 dirken4 #ahj4 ,c4 an2 ,a4 on4 #aha4 ,c4 sacrilege2 glossed sorcerie4 #ahc4 ,c4 alle2 ,a4 al4 #ahe4 ,c4 om4 #bnd in4 #ahg4 in margin of ,c42 ,homo debet seruire deo et non diis4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 was4 _/_/ ,a4 no couenaunt 7,lat4 ,nec conueniebat74 #ahh4 ,a4 spirites2 ,c4 spirite 7,lat4 spirituum74 #ahi4 ,c4 and2 ,a4 or4 #aij4 ,c4 chaumbyr2 ,a4 chaumbre4 #aia4 ,c4 compaygnye2 ,a4 compaignie4 #aic4 ,c4 deffenden4 _/_/ ,c4 from2 ,a4 of4 #aie4 ,c4 the philosophre2 ,a4 the philosophie 7,lat4 te74 #aif4 ,a4 enchauntementz4 #aih4 ,c4 thechinges4 #bjg4 ,a4 ,glosa4 #bjh4 ,c4 who2 ,a4 who so4 #bag4 ,c4 desserued4 #bah4 ,c4 of 7#a72 ,a4 from4 #bbc4 ,c4 beth2 ,a4 ben4 #bbe4 ,c4 vnpunnysshed2 ,a4 vnpunissed4 #bbg4 ,c4 wise2 ,a4 manere2 ,ed4 maner4 ,,metre ,v4 ,o stelliferi conditor orbis4 ,o thou maker of the whele that bereth the sterres1 which that art y-fastned to thy perdurable chayer1 and tornest the hevene with a ravisshing sweigh1 and constreinest the sterres to suffren thy lawe2 so that the mone som-tyme shyning with hir ful hornes1 meting with alle the bemes of the sonne hir brother1 hydeth the #e sterres that ben lesse2 and somtyme1 whan the mone1 pale with hir derke hornes1 approcheth the sonne1 leseth hir lightes2 and that the eve-sterre ,hesperus1 whiche that in the firste tyme of the night bringeth forth hir colde arysinges1 cometh eft ayein hir used cours1 and is pale by the morwe at the rysing of the #aj sonne1 and is thanne cleped ,lucifer4 ,thou restreinest the day by shorter dwelling1 in the tyme of colde winter that maketh the leves to falle4 ,thou dividest the swifte tydes of the night1 whan the hote somer is comen4 ,thy might atempreth the variaunts sesons of the yere2 so that ,zephirus the deboneir #ae wind bringeth ayein1 in the first somer sesoun1 the leves that the wind that highte ,boreas hath reft awey in autumpne1 that is to seyn1 in the laste ende of somer2 and the sedes that the sterre that highte ,arcturus saw1 ben waxen heye cornes whan the sterre ,sirius eschaufeth hem4 ,ther nis no-thing unbounde from #bj his olde lawe1 ne forleteth the werke of his propre estat4 ,o thou governour1 governinge alle thinges by certein ende1 why refusestow only to governe the werkes of men by dewe manere8 ,why suffrest thou that slydinge fortune torneth so grete entrechaunginges of thinges1 so that anoyous peyne1 that sholde dewely #be punisshe felouns1 punissheth innocents8 ,and folk of wikkede maneres sitten in heye chayres1 and anoyinge folk treden1 and that unrightfully1 on the nekkes of holy men8 ,and vertu cler-shyninge naturelly is hid in derke derkenesses1 and the rightful man bereth the blame and the peyne of the feloun4 ,ne forsweringe #cj ne the fraude1 covered and kembd with a fals colour1 ne anoyeth nat to shrewes2 the whiche shrewes1 whan hem list to usen hir strengthe1 they reioysen hem to putten under hem the sovereyne kinges1 whiche that poeple with-outen noumbre dreden4 #ce ,o thou1 what so ever thou be that knittest alle bondes of thinges1 loke on thise wrecchede erthes2 we men that ben nat a foule party1 but a fayr party of so grete a werk1 we ben tormented in this see of fortune4 ,thou governour1 withdraw and restreyne the ravisshinge flodes1 and fastne and ferme thise #dj erthes stable with thilke bonde1 with whiche thou governest the hevene that is so large4' ,,me4 ,v4 #a4 ,c4 whel2 ,a4 whele4 #c4 ,c4 ,rauessyng2 ,a4 rauyssyng4 _/_/ ,c4 sweyh2 ,a4 sweigh2 ,ed4 sweygh4 #d4 ,c4 wyt 7for with74 #f4 ,a4 lasse4 _/_/ ,c4 wan 7for whan74 #i4 ,c4 est2 ,a4 eft 7,lat4 iterum74 _/_/ ,a4 agheynes4 #aj4 ,c4 om4 the after at4 #ac4 ,c4 falle2 ,a4 to falle4 _/_/ ,c4 swift2 ,a4 swifte4 #ad4 ,c4 wan 7for whan74 #ae4 ,c4 sesoun 7wrongly72 ,a4 sesons4 #ag4 ,c4 hihte2 ,a4 hyght4 _/_/ ,c4 borias4 #ai4 ,c4 hihte2 ,a4 hyght4 _/_/ ,c4 sawgh2 ,a4 saw4 _/_/ ,c4 hyye2 ,a4 hey4 _/_/ ,c4 wan4 #bj4 ,c4 eschaufed2 ,a4 eschaufeth2 7,lat4 urat74 _/_/ ,c4 fram4 #ba4 ,c4 the werke2 ,a4 hym4 #bc4 ,c4 refowsestow2 ,a4 refusest thou4 _/_/ ,c4 dwwe2 ,a4 dewe4 #bd4 ,c4 suffres4 _/_/ ,c4 so2 ,a4 to4 _/_/ ,a4 vtter2 7for entre-74 #be4 ,c4 dwwelly2 ,a4 duelly4 #bf4 ,c4 punysshe2 ,a4 punissitgh4 #bg4 ,c4 heere2 ,a4 heighe 7,lat4 celsos74 _/_/ ,c4 chayres2 ,a4 chaiers4 #bh4 ,c4 oon 7read on72 ,a4 in4 #bi4 ,a4 clere and shynyng 7,lat4 clara74 #cj4 ,a4 ,ne the forsweryng4 #cb4 ,c4 weche 7for whiche74 _/_/ ,c4 wan 7for whan74 #cd4 ,c4 weche4 _/_/ ,c4 nowmbyr2 ,a4 noumbre4 #ch4 ,c4 om4 a bef4 werk4 #ci4 ,c4 this2 ,a4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 withdrawh4 #dj4 ,c4 restryne2 ,a4 restreyne4 _/_/ ,c4 thei 7for the74 _/_/ ,c4 rauesynge2 ,a4 rauyssinge4 #da4 ,c4 by whiche2 ,a4 with whiche 7better87 ,,prose ,v4 ,hic ubi continuato dolore delatraui4 ,whan ,i hadde1 with a continuel sorwe1 sobbed or borken out thise thinges1 she with hir chere pesible1 and no-thing amoeved with my compleintes1 seide thus3 ',whan ,i say thee1' quod she1 'sorweful and wepinge1 ,i wiste anon that thou were a wrecche and exiled2 but ,i wiste never how fer thyne exile was1 yif thy #e tale ne hadde shewed it to me4 ,but certes1 al be thou fer fro thy contree1 thou nart nat put out of it2 but thou hast failed of thy weye and gon amis4 ,and yif thou hast lever for to wene that thou be put out of thy contree1 than hast thou put out thy-self rather than any other wight hath4 ,for no wight but thy-self ne #aj mighte never han don that to thee4 ,for yif thou remembre of what contree thou art born1 it nis nat governed by emperours1 ne by governement of multitude1 as weren the contrees of hem of ,athenes2 but oo lord and oo king1 and that is god1 that is lord of thy contree1 whiche that reioyseth him of the dwelling of hise #ae citezenes1 and nat for to putte hem in exil2 of the whiche lorde it is a soverayne fredom to be governed by the brydel of him and obeye to his ,iustice4 ,hastow foryeten thilke right olde lawe of thy citee1 in the whiche citee it is ordeined and establisshed1 that for what wight that hath lever founden ther-in his sete or his hous than #bj elles-wher1 he may nat be exiled by no right from that place8 ,for who-so that is contened in-with the palis and the clos of thilke citee1 ther nis no drede that he may deserve to ben exiled4 ,but who-so that leteth the wil for to enhabite there1 he forleteth also to deserve to ben citezein of thilke citee4 ,so that ,i sey1 that the face of this #be place ne moveth me nat so mochel as thyne owne face4 ,ne ,i axe nat rather the walles of thy librarie1 aparayled and wrought with yvory and with glas1 than after the sete of thy thought4 ,in whiche ,i putte nat whylom bokes1 but ,i putte that that maketh bokes worthy of prys or precious1 that is to seyn1 the sentence of #cj my bokes4 ,and certeinly of thy desertes1 bistowed in comune good1 thou hast seid sooth1 but after the multitude of thy gode dedes1 thou hast seid fewe2 and of the honestee or of the falsnesse of thinges that ben aposed ayeins thee1 thou hast remembred thinges that ben knowen to alle folk4 ,and of the felonyes and #ce fraudes of thyne accusours1 it semeth thee have y-touched it forsothe rightfully and shortly1 al mighten tho same thinges betere and more plentivousely ben couth in the mouthe of the poeple that knoweth al this4 ,thou hast eek blamed gretly and compleined of the wrongful #dj dede of the senat4 ,and thou hast sorwed for my blame1 and thou hast wopen for the damage of thy renoun that is apayred2 and thy laste sorwe eschaufede ayeins fortune1 and compleinest that guerdouns ne ben nat evenliche yolden to the desertes of folk4 ,and in the latere ende of thy wode ,muse1 thou preyedest that thilke #de pees that governeth the hevene sholde governe the erthe4 ,but for that manye tribulaciouns of affecciouns han assailed thee1 and sorwe and ire and wepinge to-drawen thee dyversely2 as thou art now feble of thought1 mightier remedies ne shullen nat yit touchen thee1 for whiche we wol usen somdel lighter medicines3 so that #ej thilke passiouns that ben woxen harde in swellinge1 by perturbaciouns flowing in-to thy thought1 mowen wexen esy and softe1 to receiven the strengthe of a more mighty and more egre medicine1 by an esier touchinge4 ,,pr4 ,v4 #a4 ,c4 om4 a4 _/_/ ,c4 borken 7 barked72 ,a4 broken 7,lat4 delatraui74 #b4 ,a4 peisible4 #d4 ,c4 soruful2 ,a4 sorweful4 _/_/ ,c4 wrechche2 ,a4 wrecche4 #f4 ,c4 nadde2 ,a4 ne hadde4 _/_/ ,a4 to me2 ,c4 om4 to4 #h4 ,c4 wey2 ,a4 weye4 #aa4 ,c4 remenbre2 ,a4 remembre4 #ac4 ,c4 om4 hem of4 #af4 ,c4 cytesenis2 ,a4 citezenis4 ,c4 put2 ,a4 putte4 #ag4 ,c4 brydul2 ,a4 bridel4 #ah4 ,c4 hasthow2 ,a4 hast thou4 #ai4 ,c4 weche4 #bj4 ,c4 whyht2 ,a4 wyght4 #ba4 ,c4 wer2 ,a4 where4 #bb4 ,c4 contyned2 ,a4 contened4 _/_/ ,c4 palys2 ,a4 paleis 7,lat4 uallo74 #bc4 ,c4 desserue4 #be4 ,c4 cytesein2 ,a4 ,citezein4 _/_/ ,c4 face1 glossed i4 manere 7,lat4 facies74 #bf4 ,c4 moueth2 ,a4 amoeueth4 #bg4 ,a4 ,ne ,i ne axe4 _/_/ ,c4 wrowht2 ,a4 wrought4 #bi4 ,c4 put2 ,a4 putte 7twice74 _/_/ ,c4 whilom2 ,a4 somtyme4 #cj4 ,c4 presyous4 #cb4 ,c4 seyde2 ,a4 seid4 #cc4 ,a4 vnhonestee 7wrongly74 #cd4 ,a4 ,ed4 opposed4 _/_/ ,c4 remenbryd4 #cf4 ,c4 ,acusours4 _/_/ ,c4 ,i-twoched 7for ,i-towched72 ,a4 ,i-touched4 #ch3 ,c4 mowhth2 ,a4 mouthe4 #db4 ,a4 wepen4 #dc4 ,c4 ,a4 gerdouns2 ,ed4 guerdons4 #dd4 ,c4 om4 nat4 #de4 ,c4 latere2 ,a4 lattre4 _/_/ ,c4 glosses wode by s4 seuientis4 #eb4 ,a4 perturbacioun folowyng 7wrongly74 ,,metre ,,vi4 ,cum ,phebi radiis graue ,cancri sidus inestuat4 ,whan that the hevy sterre of the ,cancre eschaufeth by the bemes of ,phebus1 that is to seyn1 whan that ,phebus the sonne is in the signe of the ,cancre1 who-so yeveth thanne largely hise sedes to the feldes that refusen to receiven hem1 lat him gon1 bigyled of trust that he hadde to his corn1 to acorns of okes4 ,yif thou wolt #e gadre violettes1 ne go thou not to the purpur wode whan the feld1 chirkinge1 agryseth of colde by the felnesse of the winde that highte ,aquilon4 ,yif thou desirest or wolt usen grapes1 ne seke thou nat1 with a glotonous hond1 to streyne and presse the stalkes of the vine in the ferst somer sesoun2 for ,bachus1 the god of wyne1 hath #aj rather yeven hise yiftes to autumpne1 the later ende of somer4 ,god tokneth and assigneth the tymes1 ablinge hem to hir propres offices2 ne he ne suffreth nat the stoundes whiche that him-self hath devyded and constreyned to ben y-medled to-gidere4 ,and forthy he that forleteth certein ordinaunce of doinge by over-throwinge #ae wey1 he ne hath no glade issue or ende of his werkes4 ,,me4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,c4 cankyr2 ,a4 ,ed4 cancre4 #b4 ,c4 beemes2 ,a4 beme 7,lat4 radiis74 #c4 ,c4 cankyr2 ,a4 ,ed4 ,cancre4 #d4 ,c4 feeldes4 _/_/ ,c4 ,reseyue2 ,a4 receiuen4 _/_/ ,c4 glosses hem by s4 corn4 #e4 ,c4 ,accornes of ,okes2 ,a4 acorns or okes4 _/_/ ,c4 wolt2 ,a4 wilt4 #f4 ,c4 gadery2 ,a4 gadre4 _/_/ ,c4 feeld2 ,a4 felde4 #g4 ,c4 felnesses2 ,a4 felnesse4 _/_/ ,c4 hyhte2 ,a4 hyght4 #i4 ,c4 stryne2 ,a4 streyne4 #aa4 ,c4 later2 ,a4 latter4 #ac4 ,c4 propres2 ,a4 propre4 #af4 ,c4 issw2 ,a4 issue4 ,,prose ,,vi4 ,primum igitur paterisne me pauculis rogacionibus4 ,first woltow suffre me to touche and assaye the estat of thy thought by a fewe demaundes1 so that ,i may understonde what be the manere of thy curacioun8' ',axe me1' quod ,i1 'at thy wille1 what thou wolt1 and ,i shal answere4' #e ,tho seide she thus3 ',whether wenestow1' quod she1 'that this world be governed by foolish happes and fortunous1 or elles that ther be in it any governement of resoun8' ',certes1' quod ,i1 ',i ne trowe nat in no manere1 that so certein thinges sholde be moeved by fortunous fortune2 but ,i #aj wot wel that god1 maker and mayster1 is governour of his werk4 ,ne never nas yit day that mighte putte me out of the sothnesse of that sentence4' ',so is it1' quod she2 'for the same thing songe thou a litel her-biforn1 and biweyledest and biweptest1 that only men weren #ae put out of the cure of god4 ,for of alle other thinges thou ne doutedest nat that they nere governed by resoun4 ,but owh6 7i4 pape67 ,i wondre gretly1 certes1 why that thou art syk1 sin that thou art put in so holsom a sentence4 ,but lat us seken depper2 ,i coniecte that ther lakketh ,i not nere what4 ,but #bj sey me this3 sin that thou ne doutest nat that this world be governed by god1 with whiche governailes takestow hede that it is governed8' ',unnethe1' quod ,i1 'knowe ,i the sentence of thy questioun2 so that ,i ne may nat yit answeren to thy demaundes4' #be ',i nas nat deceived1' quod she1 'that ther ne faileth somwhat1 by whiche the maladye of thy perturbacioun is crept into thy thought1 so as the strengthe of the palis chyning is open4 ,but sey me this3 remembrest thou what is the ende of thinges1 and whider that the entencioun of alle kinde tendeth8' #cj ',i have herd it told som-tyme1' quod ,i2 'but drerinesse hath dulled my memorie4' ',certes1' quod she1 'thou wost wel whennes that alle thinges ben comen and procedeth8' ',i wot wel1' quod ,i1 and answerede1 that 'god is beginning #ce of al4' ',and how may this be1' quod she1 'that1 sin thou knowest the beginning of thinges1 that thou ne knowest nat what is the ende of thinges8 ,but swiche ben the customes of perturbaciouns1 and this power they han1 that they may moeve a #dj man out of his place1 that is to seyn1 fro the stablenes and perfeccioun of his knowinge2 but1 certes1 they may nat al arace him1 ne aliene him in al4 ,but ,i wolde that thou woldest answere to this3 remembrestow that thou art a man8' ',why sholde ,i nat remembre that8' quod ,i4 #de ',maystow nat telle me thanne1' quod she1 'what thing is a man8' ',axestow me nat1' quod ,i1 'whether that ,i be a resonable mortal beest8 ,i woot wel1 and ,i confesse wel that ,i am it4' ',wistestow never yit that thou were any other thing8' quod she4 #ej ',no1' quod ,i4 ',now woot ,i1' quod she1 'other cause of thy maladye1 and that right grete4 ,thou hast left for to knowen thy-self1 what thou art2 thorugh whiche ,i have pleynly founden the cause of thy maladye1 or elles the entree of recoveringe of thyn hele4 #ee ,for-why1 for thou art confounded with foryeting of thy-self1 for-thy sorwestow that thou art exiled of thy propre goodes4 ,and for thou ne wost what is the ende of thinges1 for-thy demestow that felonous and wikked men ben mighty and weleful4 ,and for thou hast foryeten by whiche governements the world is #fj governed1 for-thy wenestow that thise mutaciouns of fortune fleten with-oute governour4 ,thise ben grete causes not only to maladye1 but1 certes1 grete causes to deeth4 ,but ,i thanke the auctor and the maker of hele1 that nature hath not al forleten thee4 ,i have grete norisshinges of thyn hele1 and that #fe is1 the sothe sentence of governaunce of the worlde2 that thou bilevest that the governinge of it nis nat subiect ne underput to the folie of thise happes aventurous1 but to the resoun of god4 ,and ther-for doute thee no-thing2 for of this litel spark thyn hete of lyf shal shyne4 #gj ,but for as moche as it is nat tyme yit of faster remedies1 and the nature of thoughtes deceived is this1 that as ofte as they casten awey sothe opiniouns1 they clothen hem in false opiniouns1 of which false opiniouns the derkenesse of perturbacioun wexeth up1 that confoundeth the verray insighte3 and that derkenesse #ge shal ,i assaye som-what to maken thinne and wayk by lighte and meneliche remedies2 so that1 after that the derkenesse of deceivinge desiringes is don awey1 thou mowe knowe the shyninge of verray light4 ,,pr4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,c4 woltow2 ,a4 wolt thou4 _/_/ ,c4 estat2 ,a4 stat4 #f4 ,c4 wheyther4 _/_/ ,c4 weenesthow2 ,a4 wenest thou4 #h4 ,a4 ins4 wenest thou after elles4 #i4 ,a4 om4 #bnd ,i4 #aa4 ,c4 his2 ,a4 this 7,lat4 suo74 #ab4 ,c4 put2 ,a4 putte4 #ad4 ,c4 lytul2 ,a4 lytel4 #ag4 ,c4 dowtedest1 ,a4 doutest4 _/_/ ,c4 owh2 ,a4 how2 ,ed4 ough4 #ah4 ,c4 syk2 ,a4 seek4 #ai4 ,c4 sin that2 ,a4 sithen4 _/_/ ,a4 in-to 7for in74 #bj4 ,a4 om4 nere4 #ba4 ,c4 syn2 ,a4 sithen4 #bb4 ,a4 takest thou4 #bc4 ,c4 om4 it4 #be4 ,c4 om4 nat4 _/_/ ,a4 demaunde 7,lat4 inquisita74 #bf4 ,c4 desseyued4 #bg4 ,c4 of thi2 ,a4 om4 thi4 #bh4 ,c4 palys chynyng2 ,a4 paleys schynyng 7,lat4 hiante ualli robore74 #bi4 ,c4 remenbres4 _/_/ ,a4 adds thi bef4 thinges2 and om4 and4 #cj4 ,c4 entensyn4 #cd4 ,a4 proceded4 #ce4 ,a4 is the4 #cg4 ,c4 syn2 ,a4 sithen4 #ci4 ,a4 endyng4 #db4 ,c4 arrace2 ,a4 arace4 #dd4 ,c4 ,remenbresthow2 ,a4 remembrest thou4 #de4 ,c4 remenbre4 #df4 ,c4 ,maysthow2 ,a4 ,maiste thou4 _/_/ ,c4 thinge4 #dg4 ,c4 ,axestow me nat2 ,a4 ,axest not me4 _/_/ ,c4 wheither4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 ,i after that4 #dh4 ,a4 best mortel4 #di4 ,c4 ,wystesthow2 ,a4 ,wistest thou4 #ed4 ,c4 fwonde2 ,a4 knowen4 #ef4 ,c4 confwndyd4 #eg4 ,c4 sorwistow2 ,a4 sorwest thou4 #eh4 ,c4 domesthow2 ,a4 demest4 #ei4 ,a4 om4 ,and4 #fj4 ,c4 ast foryeeten4 _/_/ ,c4 gouernement2 ,a4 gouernementz 7,lat4 gubernaculis74 #fa4 ,a4 wenest thou4 #fc4 ,c4 thi deth2 ,a4 7rightly7 om4 thi4 #fd4 ,c4 alle2 ,a4 al4 #fe4 ,a4 ins4 and before ,i have4 #fg4 ,a4 subgit4 _/_/ ,c4 -putte2 ,a4 -put4 #fh4 ,c4 ,auentros2 ,a4 auenturouses2 ,ed4 auenturous4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 to4 #fi4 ,c4 lytul2 ,a4 litel4 #gj4 ,a4 heet4 #ga4 ,c4 meche 7 moche74 #gb4 ,c4 desseyued2 ,a4 disseiued4 #gd4 ,c4 dirkenesse2 ,a4 derknesse4 _/_/ ,c4 perturba 7674 _/_/ ,c4 wexit4 #gh4 ,c4 ,a4 desseyuynge4 ,,metre ,,vii4 ,nubibus atris4 ,the sterres1 covered with blake cloudes1 ne mowen yeten a-doun no light4 ,yif the trouble wind that hight ,auster1 turning and walwinge the see1 medleth the hete1 that is to seyn1 the boyling up from the botme2 the wawes1 that whylom weren clere as glas and lyke to the faire clere dayes1 withstande anon #e the sightes of men by the filthe and ordure that is resolved4 ,and the fletinge streem1 that royleth doun dyversly fro heye mountaignes1 is arested and resisted ofte tyme by the encountringe of a stoon that is departed and fallen from som roche4 ,and for-thy1 yif thou wolt loken and demen sooth with cleer #aj light1 and holden the wey with a right path1 weyve thou ,ioye1 dryf fro thee drede1 fleme thou hope1 ne lat no sorwe aproche2 that is to seyn1 lat non of thise four passiouns over-comen thee or blende thee4 ,for cloudy and derke is thilke thought1 and bounde with brydles1 where-as thise thinges regnen4' #ae ,,me4 ,,vii4 #a4 ,c4 ,ed4 yeten2 ,a4 geten4 #b4 ,c4 ,a4 wynde4 #d4 ,c4 ,ed4 whilom2 ,a4 somtyme4 #e4 ,c4 lyk2 ,a4 lyke4 _/_/ ,c4 cleere dayes and brihte2 ,a4 bryght dayes4 _/_/ ,c4 withstand2 ,a4 withstant4 #g4 ,c4 hy2 ,a4 heyghe4 #i4 ,c4 fram4 #ad4 ,c4 ,a4 dirke4 #ae4 ,c4 were 7for where74 _/_/ ,c4 reygnen2 ,a4 regnen4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,primus4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,prose ,i4 ,postea paulisper conticuit4 ,after this she stinte a litel2 and1 after that she hadde gadered by atempre stillenesse myn attencioun1 she seide thus3 7,as who mighte seyn thus3 ,after thise thinges she stinte a litel2 and whan she aperceived by atempre stillenesse that ,i was ententif to herkene hir1 she bigan to speke in this wyse73 ',yif ,i1' quod she1 'have #e understonden and knowen outrely the causes and the habit of thy maladye1 thou languissest and art defeted for desyr and talent of thy rather fortune4 ,she1 that ilke ,fortune only1 that is chaunged1 as thou feynest1 to thee-ward1 hath perverted the cleernesse and the estat of thy corage4 ,i understonde the #aj fele-folde colours and deceites of thilke merveilous monstre ,fortune1 and how she useth ful flateringe familaritee with hem that she enforceth to bigyle2 so longe1 til that she confounde with unsufferable sorwe hem that she hath left in despeyr unpurveyed4 ,and yif thou remembrest wel the kinde1 the maneres1 #ae and the desert of thilke ,fortune1 thou shalt wel knowe that1 as in hir1 thou never ne haddest ne hast y-lost any fair thing4 ,but1 as ,i trowe1 ,i shal nat gretly travailen to do thee remembren on thise thinges4 ,for thou were wont to hurtelen and despysen hir1 with manly wordes1 whan she was blaundissinge and present1 #bj and pursewedest hir with sentences that were drawen out of myn entree1 that is to seyn1 out of myn informacioun4 ,but no sodein mutacioun ne bitydeth nat with-oute a manere chaunginge of corages2 and so is it befallen that thou art a litel departed fro the pees of thy thought4 #be ,but now is tyme that thou drinke and ataste some softe and delitable thinges2 so that1 whan they ben entred with-in thee1 it mowe maken wey to strengere drinkes of medicynes4 ,com now forth therfore the suasioun of swetenesse rethorien1 whiche that goth only the right wey1 whyl she forsaketh nat myne estatuts4 #cj ,and with ,rhetorice com forth ,musice1 a damisel of our hous1 that singeth now lighter moedes or prolaciouns1 now hevyer4 ,what eyleth thee1 man8 ,what is it that hath cast thee in-to morninge and in-to wepinge8 ,i trowe that thou hast seyn som newe thing and uncouth4 ,thou wenest that ,fortune be #ce chaunged ayein thee2 but thou wenest wrong1 yif thou that wene4 ,alwey tho ben hir maneres2 she hath rather kept1 as to thee-ward1 hir propre stablenesse in the chaunginge of hir-self4 ,right swich was she whan she flatered thee1 and deceived #dj thee with unleveful lykinges of fals welefulnesse4 ,thou hast now knowen and ataynt the doutous or double visage of thilke blinde goddesse ,fortune4 ,she1 that yit covereth hir and wimpleth hir to other folk1 hath shewed hir every-del to thee4 ,yif thou aprovest hir and thenkest that she is good1 use hir maneres and pleyne thee nat4 ,and yif thou agrysest hir false #de trecherye1 despyse and cast awey hir that pleyeth so harmfully2 for she1 that is now cause of so muche sorwe to thee1 sholde ben cause to thee of pees and of ,ioye4 ,she hath forsaken thee1 forsothe2 the whiche that never man may ben siker that she ne shal forsake him4 #ej ,,glose4 ,but natheles1 some bokes han the text thus3 ,for sothe1 she hath forsaken thee1 ne ther nis no man siker that she ne hath nat forsaken4 ,holdestow than thilke welefulnesse precious to thee that shal passen8 ,and is present ,fortune dereworthe to thee1 which that #ee nis nat feithful for to dwelle2 and1 whan she goth awey1 that she bringeth a wight in sorwe8 ,for sin she may nat ben withholden at a mannes wille1 she maketh him a wrecche whan she departeth fro him4 ,what other thing is flittinge ,fortune but a maner shewinge of wrecchednesse that is to comen8 ,ne it ne #fj suffyseth nat only to loken on thinge that is present biforn the eyen of a man4 ,but wisdom loketh and amesureth the ende of thinges2 and the same chaunginge from oon in-to an-other1 that is to seyn1 from adversitee in-to prosperitee1 maketh that the manaces of ,fortune ne ben nat for to dreden1 ne the flateringes #fe of hir to ben desired4 ,thus1 at the laste1 it bihoveth thee to suffren with evene wille in pacience al that is don in-with the floor of ,fortune1 that is to seyn1 in this world1 sin thou hast ones put thy nekke under the yok of hir4 ,for yif thou wolt wryten a lawe of wendinge and of dwellinge to ,fortune1 whiche #gj that thou hast chosen frely to ben thy lady1 artow nat wrongful in that1 and makest ,fortune wroth and aspere by thyn inpatience1 and yit thou mayst nat chaunge hir8 ,yif thou committest and bitakest thy sailes to the winde1 thou shall be shoven1 not thider that thou woldest1 but whider that the #ge wind shoveth thee4 ,yif thou castest thy sedes in-to the feldes1 thou sholdest han in minde that the yeres ben1 amonges1 other-whyle plentevous and other-whyle bareyne4 ,thou hast bitaken thy-self to the governaunce of ,fortune1 and for-thy it bihoveth thee to ben obeisaunt to the maneres of thy lady4 ,enforcest #hj thou thee to aresten or withholden the swiftnesse and the sweigh of hir turninge whele8 ,o thou fool of alle mortal fooles1 if ,fortune bigan to dwelle stable1 she cesede thanne to ben ,fortune6 ,,pr4 ,i4 #a4 ,c4 lytul2 ,a4 litel2 7and so below74 _/_/ ,a4 she2 ,c4 ,i 7wrongly74 #b4 ,c4 atencioun4 #d4 ,c4 aperseyuyd2 ,a4 aperceiued4 #e4 ,c4 here2 ,a4 hire4 _/_/ ,c4 whise4 #f4 ,a4 vtterly4 #g4 ,c4 maledye4 _/_/ ,a4 talent and desijr4 #i4 ,c4 changed2 ,a4 chaunged4 #aj4 ,a4 astat4 #aa4 ,c4 feelefold2 ,a4 felefolde4 _/_/ ,a4 colour4 _/_/ ,c4 meruayles2 ,a4 merueillous4 #ad4 ,c4 onsufferabele2 ,a4 vnsuffreable4 _/_/ ,c4 dyspeyr2 ,a4 despeir4 #ae4 ,c4 remenbrest4 #af4 ,a4 om4 that4 #ag4 ,c4 thinge4 #ah4 ,c4 remenbre2 ,a4 remembren4 #ai4 ,c4 on2 ,a4 of4 _/_/ ,c4 hurtelyn2 ,a4 hurtlen4 #bj4 ,c4 wan4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 was4 #ba4 ,c4 purswedest2 ,a4 pursewedest4 #bd4 ,a4 departed a litel4 #bf4 ,c4 ataast2 ,a4 atast4 #bi4 ,c4 suacyoun2 ,a4 suasioun4 #cj4 ,c4 estatutes2 ,a4 estatutz4 #ca4 ,a4 damoisel4 #cb4 ,c4 ,a4 moedes 7,lat4 modos74 _/_/ ,c4 probasyons2 ,a4 prolaciouns4 #cf4 ,c4 weenes4 #ch4 ,c4 stabylnesse2 ,a4 stablenes4 _/_/ ,c4 ins4 standeth bef4 in4 _/_/ ,c4 chaunnynge4 #dj4 ,c4 desseyued2 ,a4 desseiued4 _/_/ ,c4 vnlefful2 ,a4 vnleueful4 #db4 ,c4 coueryht4 #dc4 ,c4 hat 7for hath74 #dd4 ,c4 thinkest2 ,a4 thenkest4 _/_/ ,c4 god2 ,a4 goode4 #dh4 ,a4 to the cause4 #ec4 ,c4 forsake2 ,a4 forsaken4 #ed4 ,c4 holdestow2 ,a4 holdest thou4 _/_/ ,c4 presyes2 ,a4 preciouse4 #ef4 ,c4 feythfulle2 ,a4 feithful4 #eg4 ,c4 whitholden4 #fb4 ,a4 om4 a4 _/_/ ,a4 mesureth4 #fc4 ,c4 fram4 #fd4 ,c4 in-to2 ,a4 to4 #fe4 ,c4 manesses2 ,a4 manaces4 #fg4 ,c4 wit4 #fh4 ,c4 syn2 ,a4 sythen4 #fi4 ,c4 welt2 ,a4 wilt2 ,ed4 wolt4 #ga4 ,c4 artow2 ,a4 art thou4 #ge4 ,c4 thedyr2 ,a4 thider4 _/_/ ,c4 whedyr4 #gf4 ,c4 ,a4 wynde4 _/_/ ,c4 in-to2 ,a4 in4 _/_/ ,c4 feeldes4 #gg4 ,a4 om4 amonges4 #gh4 ,c4 barayne4 #ha4 ,c4 sweygh2 ,a4 sweyes 7,lat4 impetum74 #hb4 ,c4 wheel2 ,a4 whele4 ,,metre ,i4 ,hec cum superba uerterit uices dextra4 ,whan ,fortune with a proud right hand hath torned hir chaunginge stoundes1 she fareth lyk the maneres of the boilinge ,eurype4 ,,glosa4 ,eurype is an arm of the see that ebbeth and floweth2 and som-tyme the streem is on o syde1 and som-tyme on the other4 ,,text4 ,she1 cruel ,fortune1 casteth adoun kinges #e that whylom weren y-drad2 and she1 deceivable1 enhaunseth up the humble chere of him that is discomfited4 ,ne she neither hereth ne rekketh of wrecchede wepinges2 and she is so hard that she laugheth and scorneth the wepinges of hem1 the whiche she hath maked wepe with hir free wille4 ,thus she pleyeth1 #aj and thus she proeueth hir strengthes2 and sheweth a greet wonder to alle hir servauntes1 yif that a wight is seyn weleful1 and over-throwe in an houre4 ,,me4 ,i4 #c4 ,c4 ,a4 ,eurippe 7twice72 ,ed4 ,eurype4 #e4 ,c4 the2 ,a4 that4 #f4 ,c4 whilom2 ,a4 somtyme4 _/_/ ,c4 enhanseth2 ,a4 enhaunseth4 #g4 ,c4 vmble2 ,a4 humble4 _/_/ ,c4 descounfited2 ,a4 discomfited4 _/_/ ,c4 ,ne2 ,a4 and4 #i4 ,c4 lyssheth2 ,a4 laugheth2 ,ed4 laugheth 7,lat4 ridet47 #aa4 ,a4 preueth4 _/_/ ,a4 strengthe 7,lat4 uires74 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 grete4 #ab4 ,c4 whiht2 ,a4 wyght4 ,,prose ,,ii4 ,vellem autem pauca tecum4 ,certes1 ,i wolde pleten with thee a fewe thinges1 usinge the wordes of ,fortune2 tak hede now thy-self1 yif that she axeth right4 ,o thou man1 wher-fore makest thou me gilty by thyne every-dayes pleyninges8 ,what wrong have ,i don thee8 ,what goodes have ,i bireft thee that weren thyne8 ,stryf or plete #e with me1 bifore what ,iuge that thou wolt1 of the possessioun of richesses or of dignitees4 ,and yif thou mayst shewen me that ever any mortal man hath received any of tho thinges to ben hise in propre1 than wol ,i graunte frely that alle thilke thinges weren thyne whiche that thou axest4 ,whan that nature #aj broughte thee forth out of thy moder wombe1 ,i receyved thee naked and nedy of alle thinges1 and ,i norisshede thee with my richesses1 and was redy and ententif through my favour to susteyne thee2 and that maketh thee now inpacient ayeins me2 and ,i envirounde thee with alle the aboundance and shyninge #ae of alle goodes that ben in my right4 ,now it lyketh me to with-drawen my hand2 thou hast had grace as he that hath used of foreine goodes3 thou hast no right to pleyne thee1 as though thou haddest outrely for-lorn alle thy thinges4 ,why pleynest thou thanne8 ,i have done thee no wrong4 ,richesses1 #bj honours1 and swiche other thinges ben of my right4 ,my servauntes knowen me for hir lady2 they comen with me1 and departen whan ,i wende4 ,i dar wel affermen hardily1 that yif tho thinges1 of which thou pleynest that thou hast forlorn1 hadde ben thyne1 thou ne haddest not lorn hem4 ,shal ,i thanne only ben defended #be to usen my right8 ,certes1 it is leveful to the hevene to make clere dayes1 and1 after that1 to coveren tho same dayes with derke nightes4 ,the yeer hath eek leve to apparailen the visage of the erthe1 now with floures and now with fruit1 and to confounden hem som-tyme #cj with reynes and with coldes4 ,the see hath eek his right to ben som-tyme calme and blaundishing with smothe water1 and som-tyme to ben horrible with wawes and with tempestes4 ,but the covetise of men1 that may nat ben stanched1 shal it binde me to ben stedefast1 sin that stedefastnesse is uncouth #ce to my maneres8 ,swich is my strengthe1 and this pley ,i pleye continuely4 ,i torne the whirlinge wheel with the torning cercle2 ,i am glad to chaungen the lowest to the heyest1 and the heyest to the lowest4 ,worth up1 if thou wolt1 so it be by this lawe1 that thou ne holde nat that ,i do thee wronge thogh thou #dj descende adoun1 whan the resoun of my pley axeth it4 ,wistest thou nat how ,cresus1 the king of ,lydiens1 of whiche king ,cyrus was ful sore agast a litel biforn1 that this rewliche ,cresus was caught of ,cyrus and lad to the fyr to ben brent1 but that a rayn descendede doun fro hevene that rescowede #de him8 ,and is it out of thy minde how that ,paulus1 consul of ,rome1 whan he hadde taken the king of ,perciens1 weep pitously for the captivitee of the self kinge8 ,what other thing biwailen the cryinges of tragedies but only the dedes of ,fortune1 that with an unwar stroke overtorneth realmes of grete nobley8 #ej ,,glose4 ,tragedie is to seyn1 a ditee of a prosperitee for a tyme1 that endeth in wrecchednesse4 ,lernedest nat thou in ,greke1 whan thou were yonge1 that in the entree1 or in the celere1 of ,iupiter1 ther ben couched two tonnes2 that on is ful of good1 that other is ful of harm8 ,what #ee right hast thou to pleyne1 yif thou hast taken more plentevously of the goode syde1 that is to seyn1 of my richesses and prosperites2 and what eek if ,i ne be nat al departed fro thee8 ,what eek yif my mutabilitee yiveth thee rightful cause of hope to han yit beter thinges8 ,natheles dismaye thee nat in thy thought2 and #fj thou that art put in the comune realme of alle1 ne desyre nat to liven by thyn only propre right4 ,,pr4 ,,ii4 #c4 ,c4 makes2 ,a4 makest4 #d4 ,a4 wronges 7,lat4 iniuriam74 #e4 ,c4 pleten2 ,a4 plete 7,lat4 contende74 #h4 ,c4 reseyued4 _/_/ ,c4 tho2 ,a4 these4 #i4 ,c4 thykke2 ,a4 thilke4 #aa4 ,c4 browht2 ,a4 brought4 _/_/ ,c4 resseyued4 #ab4 ,a4 al thing4 _/_/ ,c4 noryssede2 ,a4 norysshed4 #ac4 ,c4 fauor2 ,a4 fauour4 #ai4 ,a4 vtterly lorn4 #bj4 ,c4 pleynes4 #be4 ,c4 ,i shal2 ,a4 ,shal ,i4 _/_/ ,c4 deffendyd4 #bh4 ,c4 coeueryn2 ,a4 keuere 7better coveren74 _/_/ ,c4 dirk2 ,a4 derke4 #bi4 ,c4 apayrelyn2 ,a4 apparaile4 #cj4 ,c4 frut2 ,a4 fruyt4 #cb4 ,c4 kalm2 ,a4 calme4 _/_/ ,c4 blawndyssynge2 ,a4 blaundyshing4 #cc4 ,c4 om4 #bnd with4 #ce4 ,c4 stidefast2 ,a4 stedfast4 ,so stide7sted-7fastnesse4 #da4 ,c4 dessende4 _/_/ ,a4 doun4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 the4 #db4 ,c4 wistesthow2 ,a4 ,wost thou 7,lat4 ,nesciebas74 _/_/ ,a4 om4 the4 #dd4 ,c4 kawth2 ,a4 caught4 #de4 ,c4 dessendede2 ,a4 descended4 #dh4 ,c4 kapteuite2 ,a4 captiuitee4 _/_/ ,c4 thinge2 ,a4 thinges4 #di4 ,c4 cryenges2 ,a4 criinges4 #ej4 ,a4 the realmes2 ,c4 om4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 noblye2 ,a4 nobley4 #ed4 ,a4 seler4 _/_/ ,c4 cowched2 ,a4 couched 7,lat4 iacere74 #ef4 ,c4 hasthow4 #eg4 ,a4 rycchesse4 #eh4 ,a4 om4 be and al4 #ei4 ,c4 yeueth2 ,a4 ghiueth4 #fj4 ,a4 desmaye4 #fa4 ,a4 om4 the4 ,,metre ,,ii4 ,si quantas rapidis flatibus incitus4 ,though ,plentee1 that is goddesse of richesses1 hielde adoun with ful horn1 and withdraweth nat hir hand1 as many richesses as the see torneth upward sandes whan it is moeved with ravisshinge blastes1 or elles as many richesses as ther shynen brighte sterres on hevene on the sterry nightes2 yit1 for al #e that1 mankinde nolde not cese to wepe wrecchede pleyntes4 ,and al be it so that god receyveth gladly hir preyers1 and yiveth them 7as fool-large7 moche gold1 and aparaileth coveitous men with noble or clere honours3 yit semeth hem haven y-geten no-thing1 but alwey hir cruel ravyne1 devouringe al that they #aj han geten1 sheweth other gapinges2 that is to seyn1 gapen and desyren yit after mo richesses4 ,what brydles mighten withholden1 to any certein ende1 the desordenee covetise of men1 whan1 ever the rather that it fleteth in large yiftes1 the more ay brenneth in hem the thurst of havinge8 ,certes he that1 quakinge and #ae dredful1 weneth him-selven nedy1 he ne liveth never-more riche4 ,,me4 ,,ii4 #a4 ,a4 rycche4 _/_/ ,both hielde2 ,ed4 hylde4 #b4 ,a4 recches7674 #d4 ,c4 rauyssynge4 _/_/ ,a4 rycches4 #e4 ,a4 nyght 7,lat4 noctibus74 #f4 ,c4 plentes2 ,a4 pleyntes4 #g4 ,c4 resseyueth4 _/_/ ,c4 preyres2 ,a4 prayers4 #h4 ,c4 ,a4 yeueth4 _/_/ ,a4 ful 7for fool74 #i4 ,a4 folk 7for men74 #aj4 ,c4 thinge2 ,a4 thing4 _/_/ ,c4 crewel4 #ab4 ,a4 rycchesse4 #ae4 ,a4 threst4 #af4 ,c4 leueth2 ,a4 lyueth4 _/_/ ,a4 -mo4 ,,prose ,,iii4 ,hiis igitur si pro se tecum ,fortuna loqueretur4 ,therfor1 yif that ,fortune spake with thee for hir-self in this manere1 for-sothe thou ne haddest nat what thou mightest answere4 ,and1 if thou hast any-thing wherwith1 thou mayest rightfully defenden thy compleint1 it behoveth thee to shewen it2 and ,i wol yeven thee space to tellen it4' #e ',certeynly1' quod ,i thanne1 'thise beth faire thinges1 and enointed with hony swetenesse of rethorike and musike2 and only whyl they ben herd they ben delicious4 ,but to wrecches is a depper felinge of harm2 this is to seyn1 that wrecches felen the harmes that they suffren more grevously than the remedies or the #aj delites of thise wordes mowen gladen or comforten hem2 so that1 whan thise thinges stinten for to soune in eres1 the sorwe that is inset greveth the thought4' ',right so is it1' quod she4 ',for thise ne ben yit none remedies of thy maladye2 but they ben a maner norisshinges of thy sorwe1 #ae yit rebel ayein thy curacioun4 ,for whan that tyme is1 ,i shal moeve swiche thinges that percen hem-self depe4 ,but natheles1 that thou shalt not wilne to leten thy-self a wrecche1 hast thou foryeten the noumber and the manere of thy welefulnesse8 ,i holde me stille1 how that the soverayne men of the citee token #bj thee in cure and kepinge1 whan thou were orphelin of fader and moder1 and were chosen in affinitee of princes of the citee2 and thou bigunne rather to be leef and dere than forto ben a neighbour2 the whiche thing is the most precious kinde of any propinquitee or alyaunce that may ben4 ,who is it that ne seide tho #be that thou were right weleful1 with so grete a nobleye of thy fadres-in-lawe1 and with the chastitee of thy wyf1 and with the oportunitee and noblesse of thy masculin children1 that is to seyn1 thy sones8 ,and over al this--me list to passen the comune thinges--how thou haddest in thy youthe dignitees that weren werned to olde #cj men4 ,but it delyteth me to comen now to the singuler uphepinge of thy welefulnesse4 ,yif any fruit of mortal thinges may han any weighte or prys of welefulnesse1 mightest thou ever foryeten1 for any charge of harm that mighte bifalle1 the remembraunce of thilke day that thou saye thy two sones maked conseileres1 and #ce y-lad to-gedere fro thyn house under so greet assemblee of senatoures and under the blythenesse of poeple2 and whan thou saye hem set in the court in here chayeres of dignitees8 ,thou1 rethorien or pronouncere of kinges preysinges1 deservedest glorie of wit and of eloquence1 whan thou1 sittinge bitwene thy two sones1 #dj conseileres1 in the place that highte ,circo1 fulfuldest the abydinge of the multitude of poeple that was sprad abouten thee1 with so large preysinge and laude1 as men singen in victories4 ,tho yave thou wordes to ,fortune1 as ,i trowe1 that is to seyn1 tho feffedest thou ,fortune with glosinge wordes and deceivedest hir1 whan she acoyede #de thee and norisshede thee as hir owne delyces4 ,thou bere away of ,fortune a yifte1 that is to seyn1 swiche guerdoun1 that she never yaf to privee man4 ,wilt thou therfor leye a rekeninge with ,fortune8 ,she hath now twinkled first upon thee with a wikkede eye4 ,yif thou considere the noumbre and the manere of thy blisses and #ej of thy sorwes1 thou mayst nat forsaken that thou art yit blisful4 ,for if thou therfor wenest thy-self nat weleful1 for thinges that tho semeden ioyful ben passed1 ther nis nat why thou sholdest wene thy-self a wrecche2 for thinges that semen now sorye passen also4 ,art thou now comen first1 a sodein gest1 in-to the shadwe or #ee tabernacle of this lyf2 or trowest thou that any stedefastnesse be in mannes thinges1 whan ofte a swift houre dissolveth the same man2 that is to seyn1 whan the soule departeth fro the body8 ,for1 al-though that selde is ther any feith that fortunous thinges wolen dwellen1 yit natheles the laste day of a mannes lyf is a manere #fj deeth to ,fortune1 and also to thilke that hath dwelt4 ,and therfor1 what1 wenestow1 thar thee recche1 yif thou forlete hir in deyinge1 or elles that she1 ,fortune1 forlete thee in fleeinge awey8 ,,pr4 ,,iii4 #b4 ,a4 om4 nat4 #d4 ,a4 tellen 7for defenden74 #f4 ,c4 bet 7for beth72 ,a4 ben4 #h4 ,c4 delysyos2 ,a4 deliciouse4 #ae4 ,c4 maledye4 _/_/ ,c4 noryssynges2 ,a4 norissinges4 _/_/ ,c4 sorwes2 ,a4 sorwe 7,lat4 doloris74 #ag4 ,c4 swych2 ,a4 swiche4 #bj4 ,c4 souerane2 ,a4 souerayn4 #bc4 ,c4 begunne2 ,a4 bygunne4 #bd4 ,c4 neysshebour2 ,a4 neyghbour4 _/_/ ,c4 presyous4 #bf4 ,a4 om4 tho that4 _/_/ ,a4 nere 7for were74 _/_/ ,c4 fadyris4 #bg4 ,c4 castete2 ,a4 chastite4 #bi4 ,c4 lyste2 ,a4 lyst4 _/_/ ,c4 the2 ,a4 of4 #cj4 ,a4 thought 7for youthe72 ,ed4 youthe4 #cb4 ,c4 wel-2 ,a4 wele-4 _/_/ ,c4 frute2 ,a4 fruyt4 #cf4 ,c4 ,a semble2 ,a4 ,ed4 assemble4 #cg4 ,c4 peeple2 ,a4 poeple4 #ci4 ,c4 des-2 ,a4 de-4 #dj4 ,c4 bitwyen2 ,a4 bytwix2 ,ed4 bytwene4 #da4 ,c4 hihte2 ,a4 hyght4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 ,ed4 all insert and before fulfuldest2 ,i omit it1 because it obscures the sense4 #db4 ,a4 om4 the and so4 #dd4 ,c4 to2 ,a4 of4 #de4 ,so ,ed42 ,c4 ,a4 desseiuedest4 #df4 ,c4 noryssede2 ,a4 norsshed2 ,ed4 norisshed4 _/_/ ,a4 hast had 7for bere away74 _/_/ ,c4 bar4 #dg4 ,c4 ,a4 gerdoun2 ,ed4 guerdon4 #dh4 ,c4 lye2 ,a4 leye2 ,ed4 laye 7,lat4 ponere74 #di4 ,c4 om4 a4 #ej4 ,c4 blysse 7wrongly72 ,a4 ,ed4 blisses4 #ea4 ,c4 art2 ,a4 ,ed4 nart4 _/_/ ,c4 blysse-2 ,a4 blys-4 #ec4 ,c4 the2 ,a4 tho 7,lat4 tunc74 #eg4 ,c4 dyssoluede2 ,a4 ,ed4 dissolueth4 #ei4 ,c4 al that thowgh2 ,a4 ,ed4 although that4 _/_/ ,ed4 selde2 ,c4 ghelde 7 zelde72 ,a4 yelde 7 ghelde72 ,lat4 rara4 _/_/ ,c4 fortune2 ,a4 ,ed4 fortunous4 #fb3 ,c4 weenestow2 ,a4 wenest thou4 _/_/ ,c4 dar2 ,a4 thar4 _/_/ ,i supply thee4 _/_/ ,c4 recke2 ,a4 recche4 ,,metre ,,iii4 ,cum polo ,phebus roseis quadrigis4 ,whan ,phebus1 the sonne1 biginneth to spreden his cleernesse with rosene chariettes1 thanne the sterre1 y-dimmed1 paleth hir whyte cheres1 by the flambes of the sonne that overcometh the sterre-light4 ,this is to seyn1 whan the sonne is risen1 the dey-sterre wexeth pale1 and leseth hir light for the grete brightnesse of the #e sonne4 ,whan the wode wexeth rody of rosene floures1 in the first somer sesoun1 thorugh the brethe of the winde ,zephirus that wexeth warm1 yif the cloudy wind ,auster blowe felliche1 than goth awey the fairenesse of thornes4 #aj ,ofte the see is cleer and calm withoute moevinge flodes2 and ofte the horrible wind ,aquilon moeveth boilinge tempestes and over-whelveth the see4 ,yif the forme of this worlde is so selde stable1 and yif it turneth by so many entrechaunginges1 wolt thou thanne trusten in the #ae tomblinge fortunes of men8 ,wolt thou trowen on flittinge goodes8 ,it is certein and establisshed by lawe perdurable1 that no-thing that is engendred nis stedefast ne stable4' ,,me4 ,,iii4 #a4 ,c4 hyr2 ,a4 ,ed4 his4 #b4 ,c4 palyt4 #c4 ,a4 flamus4 #g4 ,c4 rosyn2 ,a4 rosene4 #i4 ,c4 ,a4 wynde4 #aj4 ,c4 thornesse4 #aa4 ,c4 floedes4 #ac4 ,ed4 -whelueth2 ,c4 -welueeth2 ,a4 -whelweth4 #ad4 ,ed4 selde2 ,c4 gheelde 7 zeelde72 ,a4 om4 7,lat4 rara74 #ae4 ,c4 wolthow2 ,a4 ,ed4 wilt thou4 #af4 ,c4 towmblynge2 ,ed4 tomblyng2 ,a4 trublynge 7,lat4 caducis74 _/_/ ,c4 wolthow2 ,a4 ,ed4 wilt thou4 _/_/ ,c4 ,ed4 on2 ,a4 in4 _/_/ ,c4 flettynge2 ,a4 flittyng4 #ag4 ,c4 is it2 ,a4 ,it is4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 establyssed2 ,ed4 establysshed4 _/_/ ,c4 thinge2 ,a4 thing4 #ah4 ,c4 estable2 ,a4 stable4 ,,prose ,,iv4 ,tunc ego1 uera1 inquam1 commemoras4 ,thanne seide ,i thus3 ',o norice of alle vertues1 thou seist ful sooth2 ne ,i ne may nat forsake the right swifte cours of my prosperitee2 that is to seyn1 that prosperitee ne be comen to me wonder swiftly and sone4 ,but this is a thing that greetly smerteth me whan it remembreth me4 ,for in alle adversitee of fortune1 #e the most unsely kinde of contrarious fortune is to han ben weleful4' ',but that thou1' quod she1 'abyest thus the torment of thy false opinioun1 that mayst thou nat rightfully blamen ne aretten to thinges3 as who seith1 for thou hast yit many habundaunces of #aj thinges4 ,,text4 ,for al be it so that the ydel name of aventurous welefulnesse moeveth thee now1 it is leveful that thou rekne with me of how manye grete thinges thou hast yit plentee4 ,and therfor1 yif that thilke thing that thou haddest for most precious #ae in al thy richesse of fortune be kept to thee yit1 by the grace of god1 unwemmed and undefouled1 mayst thou thanne pleyne rightfully upon the meschef of ,fortune1 sin thou hast yit thy beste thinges8 ,certes1 yit liveth in good point thilke precious honour of mankinde1 ,symacus1 thy wyves fader1 which that is #bj a man maked alle of sapience and of vertu2 the whiche man thou woldest byen redely with the prys of thyn owne lyf4 ,he biwayleth the wronges that men don to thee1 and nat for him-self2 for he liveth in sikernesse of any sentences put ayeins him4 ,and yit liveth thy wyf1 that is atempre of wit1 and passinge other #be wimmen in clennesse of chastetee2 and for ,i wol closen shortely hir bountees1 she is lyk to hir fader4 ,i telle thee wel1 that she liveth looth of this lyf1 and kepeth to thee only hir goost2 and is al maat and overcomen by wepinge and sorwe for desyr of thee1 in the whiche thing only ,i moot graunten that thy welefulnesse is #cj amenused4 ,what shal ,i seyn eek of thy two sones1 conseilours1 of whiche1 as of children of hir age1 ther shyneth the lyknesse of the wit of hir fader or of hir elder fader8 ,and sin the sovereyn cure of alle mortel folk is to saven hir owen lyves1 ,o how weleful art thou1 yif thou knowe thy goodes6 ,for yit ben ther #ce thinges dwelled to thee-ward1 that no man douteth that they ne ben more dereworthe to thee than thyn owen lyf4 ,and for-thy drye thy teres1 for yit nis nat everich fortune al hateful to thee-ward1 ne over greet tempest hath nat yit fallen upon thee1 whan that thyn ancres cleven faste1 that neither wolen suffren the #dj counfort of this tyme present ne the hope of tyme cominge to passen ne to faylen4' ',and ,i preye1' quod ,i1 'that faste moten they halden2 for whyles that they halden1 how-so-ever that thinges ben1 ,i shal wel fleten forth and escapen2 but thou mayst wel seen how grete #de aparayles and aray that me lakketh1 that ben passed away fro me4' ',i have som-what avaunsed and forthered thee1' quod she1 'yif that thou anoye nat or forthinke nat of al thy fortune3 as who seith1 ,i have som-what comforted thee1 so that thou tempest thee nat #ej thus with al thy fortune1 sin thou hast yit thy beste thinges4 ,but ,i may nat suffren thy delices1 that pleynest so wepinge and anguissous1 for that ther lakketh som-what to thy welefulnesse4 ,for what man is so sad or of so parfit welefulnesse1 that he ne stryveth and pleyneth on som halve ayen the qualitee of his #ee estat8 ,for-why ful anguissous thing is the condicioun of mannes goodes2 for either it cometh nat al-togider to a wight1 or elles it last nat perpetuel4 ,for sum man hath grete richesses1 but he is ashamed of his ungentel linage2 and som is renowned of noblesse of kinrede1 but he is enclosed in so grete anguisshe of nede #fj of thinges1 that him were lever that he were unknowe4 ,and som man haboundeth both in richesse and noblesse1 but yit he bewaileth his chaste lyf1 for he ne hath no wyf4 ,and som man is wel and selily y-maried1 but he hath no children1 and norissheth his richesses to the eyres of strange folkes4 ,and som man is #fe gladed with children1 but he wepeth ful sory for the trespas of his sone or of his doughter4 ,and for this ther ne acordeth no wight lightly to the condicioun of his fortune2 for alwey to every man ther is in som-what that1 unassayed1 he ne wot nat2 or elles he dredeth that he hath assayed4 ,and adde this also1 that every #gj weleful man hath a ful delicat felinge2 so that1 but-yif alle thinges bifalle at his owne wil1 for he is impacient1 or is nat used to han non adversitee1 anon he is throwen adoun for every litel thing4 ,and ful litel thinges ben tho that withdrawen the somme or the perfeccioun of blisfulnesse fro hem that ben most fortunat4 ,how #ge many men1 trowest thou1 wolden demen hem-self to ben almost in hevene1 yif they mighten atayne to the leest party of the remnaunt of thy fortune8 ,this same place that thou clepest exil1 is contree to hem that enhabiten heer1 and forthy nothing is wrecched but whan thou wenest it3 as who seith1 thou thy-self1 ne #hj no wight elles1 nis a wrecche1 but whan he weneth him-self a wrecche by reputacioun of his corage4 ,and ayeinward1 alle fortune is blisful to a man by the agreabletee or by the egalitee of him that suffreth it4 ,what man is that1 that is so weleful1 that nolde changen his #he estat whan he hath lost pacience8 ,the swetnesse of mannes welefulnesse is sprayned with many biternesses2 the whiche welefulnesse1 al-though it seme swete and ioyful to hem that useth it1 yit may it nat ben with-holden that it ne goth away whan it wole4 ,thanne is it wel sene1 how wrecched is the blisfulnesse of mortal #ij thinges1 that neither it dureth perpetuel with hem that every fortune receiven agreablely or egaly1 ne it delyteth nat in al to hem that ben anguissous4 ,o ye mortal folk1 what seke ye thanne blisfulnesse out of your-self1 whiche that is put in your-self8 ,errour and folye confoundeth yow4 #ie ,i shal shewe thee shortely the poynt of sovereyne blisfulnesse4 ,is ther any-thing more precious to thee than thy-self8 ,thou wolt answere1 nay4 ,thanne1 yif it so be that thou art mighty over thy-self1 that is to seyn1 by tranquillitee of thy sowle1 than hast thou thing in thy power that thou noldest never lesen1 ne ,fortune #ajj ne may nat beneme it thee4 ,and that thou mayst knowe that blisfulnesse ne may nat standen in thinges that ben fortunous and temporel1 now understonde and gader it to-gidere thus3 ,yif blisfulnesse be the sovereyn good of nature that liveth by resoun1 ne thilke thing nis nat sovereyn good that may be taken #aje awey in any wyse1 7for more worthy thing and more digne is thilke thing that may nat ben taken awey72 than sheweth it wel1 that the unstablenesse of fortune may nat atayne to receiven verray blisfulnesse4 ,and yit more-over3 what man that this toumbling welefulnesse ledeth1 either he woot that it is chaungeable1 #aaj or elles he woot it nat4 ,and yif he woot it nat1 what blisful fortune may ther be in the blindnesse of ignorance8 ,and yif he woot that it is chaungeable1 he moot alwey ben adrad that he ne lese that thing that he ne doubteth nat but that he may lesen it2 as who seith1 he mot ben alwey agast1 lest he lese that he wot wel he #aae may lese it4 ,for which1 the continuel dreed that he hath ne suffreth him nat to ben weleful4 ,or yif he lese it1 he weneth to be dispysed and forleten4 ,certes eek1 that is a ful litel good that is born with evene herte whan it is lost2 that is to seyn1 that men do no more fors of the lost than of the havinge4 ,and for as moche #abj as thou thy-self art he1 to whom it hath ben shewed and proved by ful manye demonstraciouns1 as ,i wot wel1 that the sowles of men ne mowe nat deyen in no wyse2 and eek sin it is cleer and certein1 that fortunous welefulnesse endeth by the deeth of the body2 it may nat ben douted that1 yif that deeth may take awey #abe blisfulnesse1 that alle the kinde of mortal thinges ne descendeth in-to wrecchednesse by the ende of the deeth4 ,and sin we knowen wel1 that many a man hath sought the fruit of blisfulnesse nat only with suffringe of deeth1 but eek with suffringe of peynes and tormentes2 how mighte than this present lyf maken men blisful1 #acj sin that1 whan thilke selve lyf is ended1 it ne maketh folk no wrecches8 ,,pr4 ,,iv4 #a4 ,c4 vertuus2 ,a4 vertues4 #d4 ,c4 om4 a4 #f4 ,c4 vnghely 7 vnzely72 ,a4 ,ed4 vnsely4 #h4 ,a4 abaist 7674 _/_/ ,c4 tormentz2 ,a4 tourment 7,lat4 supplicium74 #aj4 ,c4 -daunce2 ,a4 ,ed4 -daunces4 #ac4 ,c4 leefful2 ,a4 leueful4 #ae4 ,c4 thinge2 ,a4 thing4 #ai4 ,c4 leueth2 ,a4 lyueth4 #ba4 ,c4 om4 #bnd of4 #bd4 ,c4 leueth2 ,a4 liueth4 #bi4 ,c4 maad2 ,a4 maat2 ,ed4 mate4 #cj4 ,c4 thinge2 ,a4 thing4 #ca4 ,c4 amenyssed2 ,a4 ,ed4 amenused4 #cb4 ,c4 lyke-2 ,a4 lyk-4 #cc4 ,a4 ,ed4 eldefadir4 #ce4 ,a4 ,but 7for ,for74 #cf4 ,so ,c4 ,ed42 ,a4 dwellyng4 _/_/ ,a4 -wardes4 #dj4 ,a4 cliue4 #db4 ,a4 fallen4 #dc4 ,a4 holden4 #dd4 ,c4 ,a4 halden4 #de4 ,c4 mayste4 #di4 ,a4 forthenke4 #eb4 ,c4 delites 7872 ,a4 ,ed4 delices 7,lat4 delicias74 #ee4 ,c4 ,ed4 and2 ,a4 or4 #eg4 ,a4 om4 nat4 #eh4 ,a4 lasteth4 _/_/ ,a4 perpetuely4 _/_/ ,a4 rycchesse4 #ei4 ,a4 renomed4 #fj4 anguisshe of ,a4 angre for4 #fc4 ,ed4 chaste2 ,c4 caste2 ,a4 chast4 #fd4 ,c4 zelyly2 ,a4 ,ed4 selily4 _/_/ ,c4 hat4 _/_/ ,c4 noriseth2 ,a4 norissheth4 #ff4 ,c4 ,a4 sory2 ,ed4 sore4 #fi4 ,a4 is in mest som-what4 #ga4 ,a4 wel 7for ful74 #gb4 ,ed4 is2 ,c4 ,a4 om4 #gg4 ,a4 remenaunt4 #gi4 ,i supply is2 ,lat4 nihil est miserum4 #hj4 ,c4 ho2 ,a4 who4 #ha4 ,a4 no 7for a74 #hc4 ,c4 egreablete2 ,a4 agreablete4 #hf4 ,c4 what 7672 ,a4 whan4 _/_/ ,c4 lost2 ,a4 lorn4 #hg4 ,c4 sprayngd 7672 ,a4 y-spranid2 ,ed4 spraynte4 _/_/ ,c4 beter-2 ,a4 bitter-4 _/_/ ,c4 weche4 #hi4 ,c4 wan4 _/_/ ,c4 woole2 ,a4 wol4 #ib4 ,c4 resseyuen2 ,a4 receyuen4 #ajj1 #ajf4 ,c4 thinge2 ,a4 thing4 #aja4 ,a4 bynyme4 #ajb4 ,a4 om4 ne4 #ajg4 ,c4 take2 ,a4 taken4 #ajh4 ,c4 resseyuen2 ,a4 receyue4 #aaj4 ,a4 om4 it4 #aae4 ,c4 list2 ,a4 lest4 #aaf4 ,a4 om4 it4 #aah4 ,a4 forleten hit4 #abj4 ,c4 ,a4 lost2 ,ed4 losse4 _/_/ ,c4 meche 7for moche74 #abf4 ,c4 dessendeth2 ,a4 descendith4 #abh4 ,c4 frut2 ,a4 fruit4 ,,metre ,,iv4 ,quisquis uolet perennem ,cautus ponere sedem4 ,what maner man1 stable and war1 that wole founden him a perdurable sete1 and ne wole nat ben cast down with the loude blastes of the wind ,eurus2 and wole despyse the see1 manasinge with flodes2 lat him eschewen to bilde on the cop of the mountaigne or in the moiste sandes4 ,for the felle wind ,auster #e tormenteth the cop of the mountaigne with all his strengthes2 and the lause sandes refusen to beren the hevy wighte4 ,and forthy1 if thou wolt fleen the perilous aventure1 that is to seyn1 of the worlde2 have minde certeinly to ficchen thyn hous of a merye site in a lowe stoon4 ,for al-though the wind1 troubling #aj the see1 thondre with over-throwinges1 thou that art put in quiete1 and weleful by strengthe of thy palis1 shalt leden a cleer age1 scorninge the woodnesses and the ires of the eyr4 ,,me4 ,,iv4 #a4 ,c4 waar4 #g4 ,ed4 lose2 ,a4 lowe see7672 7,lat4 solutae74 _/_/ ,a4 weyghte4 #aj4 ,c4 lowh2 ,a4 ,ed4 lowe4 #ab4 ,c4 ,a4 palys 7,lat4 ualli74 ,,prose ,v4 ,set cum rationum iam in te4 ,but for as moche as the norisshinges of my resouns descenden now in-to thee1 ,i trowe it were tyme to usen a litel strenger medicynes4 ,now understond heer1 al were it so that the yiftes of ,fortune ne were nat brutel ne transitorie1 what is ther in hem that may be thyn in any tyme1 or elles that it nis foul1 yif that it #e be considered and loked perfitly8 ,richesses1 ben they precious by the nature of hem-self1 or elles by the nature of thee8 ,what is most worth of richesses8 ,is it nat gold or might of moneye assembled8 ,certes1 thilke gold and thilke moneye shyneth and yeveth betere renoun to hem that despenden it thanne to thilke #aj folk that mokeren it2 for avarice maketh alwey mokereres to ben hated1 and largesse maketh folk cleer of renoun4 ,for sin that swich thing as is transferred fram o man to another ne may nat dwellen with no man2 certes1 thanne is thilke moneye precious whan it is translated into other folk and stenteth to ben had1 by #ae usage of large yevinge of him that hath yeven it4 ,and also3 yif that al the moneye that is over-al in the worlde were gadered toward o man1 it sholde maken alle other men to ben nedy as of that4 ,and certes a voys al hool1 that is to seyn1 with-oute amenusinge1 fulfilleth to-gidere the hering of moche folk2 but certes1 youre #bj richesses ne mowen nat passen in-to moche folke with-oute amenusinge4 ,and whan they ben apassed1 nedes they maken hem pore that for-gon the richesses4 ,o6 streite and nedy clepe ,i this richesse1 sin that many folk ne may nat han it al1 ne al may it nat comen to o man with-outen #be povertee of alle other folk6 ,and the shyninge of gemmes1 that ,i clepe precious stones1 draweth it nat the eyen of folk to hem-ward1 that is to seyn1 for the beautee8 ,but certes1 yif ther were beautee or bountee in the shyninge of stones1 thilke cleernesse is of the stones hem-self1 and nat of men2 for whiche ,i wondre #cj gretly that men mervailen on swiche thinges4 ,for-why1 what thing is it1 that yif it wanteth moeving and ,ioynture of sowle and body1 that by right mighte semen a fair creature to him that hath a sowle of resoun8 ,for al be it so that gemmes drawen to hem-self a litel of the laste beautee of the world1 through the entente of #ce hir creatour and through the distinccioun of hem-self2 yit1 for as mochel as they ben put under youre excellence1 they ne han nat deserved by no wey that ye sholden mervailen on hem4 ,and the beautee of feldes1 delyteth it nat mochel un-to yow8' ,boece4 ',why sholde it nat delyten us1 sin that it is a right fair #dj porcioun of the right faire werke1 that is to seyn1 of this world8 ,and right so ben we gladed som-tyme of the face of the see whan it is cleer2 and also mervailen we on the hevene and on the sterres1 and on the sonne and on the mone4' ,philosophye4 ',aperteneth1' quod she1 'any of thilke thinges to #de thee8 ,why darst thou glorifyen thee in the shyninge of any swiche thinges8 ,art thou distingwed and embelised by the springinge floures of the first somer sesoun1 or swelleth thy plentee in the fruites of somer8 ,why art thou ravisshed with ydel ,ioyes8 ,why embracest thou straunge goodes as they weren #ej thyne8 ,fortune ne shal never maken that swiche thinges ben thyne1 that nature of thinges hath maked foreine fro thee4 ,sooth is that1 with-outen doute1 the frutes of the erthe owen to ben to the norissinge of bestes4 ,and yif thou wolt fulfille thy nede after that it suffyseth to nature1 than is it no nede that thou seke after #ee the superfluitee of fortune4 ,for with ful fewe things and with ful litel thinges nature halt hir apayed2 and yif thou wolt achoken the fulfillinge of nature with superfluitees1 certes1 thilke thinges that thou wolt thresten or pouren in-to nature shullen ben unioyful to thee1 or elles anoyous4 ,wenest thou eek that it be a fair #fj thing to shyne with dyverse clothinge8 ,of whiche clothinge yif the beautee be agreeable to loken up-on1 ,i wol mervailen on the nature of the matere of thilke clothes1 or elles on the werkman that wroughte hem4 ,but also a long route of meynee1 maketh that a blisful man8 ,the whiche servants1 yif they ben vicious of #fe condiciouns1 it is a great charge and a distruccioun to the hous1 and a greet enemy to the lord him-self4 ,and yif they ben goode men1 how shal straunge or foreine goodnesse ben put in the noumbre of thy richesse8 ,so that1 by all these forseide thinges1 it is clearly y-shewed1 that never oon of thilke thinges that thou #gj acountedest for thyne goodes nas nat thy good4 ,in the whiche thinges1 yif ther be no beautee to ben desyred1 why sholdest thou ben sory yif thou lese hem1 or why sholdest thou reioysen thee to holden hem8 ,for yif they ben faire of hir owne kinde1 what aperteneth that to thee8 ,for al so wel sholden they han ben #ge faire by hem-selve1 though they weren departed fram alle thyne richesses4 ,forwhy faire ne precious ne weren they nat1 for that they comen among thy richesses2 but1 for they semeden faire and precious1 ther-for thou haddest lever rekne hem amonges thy richesses4 #hj ,but what desirest thou of ,fortune with so grete a noise1 and with so grete a fare8 ,i trowe thou seke to dryve awey nede with habundaunce of thinges2 but certes1 it torneth to you al in the contrarie4 ,forwhy certes1 it nedeth of ful manye helpinges to kepen the diversitee of precious ostelments4 ,and sooth it is1 #he that of manye thinges han they nede that manye thinges han2 and ayeinward1 of litel nedeth hem that mesuren hir fille after the nede of kinde1 and nat after the outrage of coveityse4 ,is it thanne so1 that ye men ne han no proper good y-set in you1 for which ye moten seken outward youre goodes in foreine and subgit #ij thinges8 ,so is thanne the condicioun of thinges torned up-so-down1 that a man1 that is a devyne beest by merite of his resoun1 thinketh that him-self nis neither faire ne noble1 but-yif it be thorugh possessioun of ostelments that ne han no sowles4 ,and certes1 al other thinges ben apayed of hir owne beautee2 but ye #ie men1 that ben semblable to god by your resonable thought1 desiren to aparailen your excellent kinde of the lowest thinges2 ne ye understonden nat how greet a wrong ye don to your creatour4 ,for he wolde that mankinde were most worthy and noble of any othre erthely thinges2 and ye threste adoun your #ajj dignitees benethe the lowest thinges4 ,for yif that al the good of every thinge be more precious than is thilke thing whos that the good is3 sin ye demen that the fouleste thinges ben youre goodes1 thanne submitten ye and putten your-selven under tho fouleste thinges by your estimacioun2 and certes1 this tydeth nat #aje with-oute youre desertes4 ,for certes1 swiche is the condicioun of alle mankinde1 that only whan it hath knowinge of it-selve1 than passeth it in noblesse alle other thinges2 and whan it forleteth the knowinge of it-self1 than is it brought binethen alle beestes4 ,for-why al other livinge beestes han of kinde to knowe nat hem-self2 #aaj but whan that men leten the knowinge of hemself1 it cometh hem of vice4 ,but how brode sheweth the errour and the folye of yow men1 that wenen that any thing may ben aparailed with straunge aparailements6 ,but for sothe that may nat ben doon4 ,for yif a wight shyneth with thinges that ben put to him1 as thus1 if #aae thilke thinges shynen with which a man is aparailed1 certes1 thilke thinges ben comended and preysed with which he is aparailed2 but natheles1 the thing that is covered and wrapped under that dwelleth in his filthe4 ,and ,i denye that thilke thing be good that anoyeth him that #abj hath it4 ,gabbe ,i of this84 ,thou wolt seye nay4 ,certes1 richesses han anoyed ful ofte hem that han tho richesses2 sin that every wikked shrewe1 7and for his wikkednesse the more gredy after other folkes richesses1 wher-so ever it be in any place1 be it gold or precious stones71 weneth him only most worthy that hath #abe hem4 ,thou thanne1 that so bisy dredest now the swerd and now the spere1 yif thou haddest entred in the path of this lyf a voide wayferinge man1 than woldest thou singe beforn the theef2 as who seith1 a pore man1 that berth no richesse on him by the weye1 may boldely singe biforn theves1 for he hath nat wherof to ben #acj robbed4 ,o precious and right cleer is the blisfulnesse of mortal richesses1 that1 whan thou hast geten it1 than hast thou lorn thy sikernesse6 ,,pr4 ,v4 #a4 ,c4 ,a4 noryssinges2 ,ed4 norisshynges4 _/_/ ,c4 dess-2 ,a4 desc-4 #f4 ,a4 ,richesse4 #h4 ,a4 worthi4 _/_/ ,a4 rycchesse4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 it4 #ae4 ,c4 stenteth2 ,a4 stynteth4 #ai4 ,a4 al hool2 ,ed4 al hole2 ,c4 om42 7,lat4 tota74 #ba4 ,a4 rycchesse4 #bd4 ,a4 thise rycchesses4 #be4 ,a4 om4 #ast ne4 #bg4 ,a4 in-to4 #bh4 ,c4 beautes2 ,a4 ,ed4 beaute4 _/_/ ,c4 ,but2 ,a4 ,for4 #bi4 ,a4 om4 the4 #ca4 ,c4 gretely2 ,a4 gretly4 #cb4 ,c4 ,ioyngture2 ,a4 ioynture4 #cc4 ,c4 myht2 ,a4 myght4 #ce4 ,c4 last2 ,a4 laste4 #cf4 ,c4 om4 and4 #ch4 ,c4 ,a4 desserued4 _/_/ ,a4 shullen4 #da4 ,c4 ryhte2 ,a ryght4 #df4 ,c4 darsthow2 ,a4 darst thou4 #dg4 ,c4 ,arthow2 ,a4 ,art thou4 #di4 ,a4 om4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 fructes2 ,a4 fruytes4 _/_/ ,c4 arthow4 _/_/ ,c4 rauyssed2 ,a4 rauyshed4 #eb4 ,a4 om4 hath4 _/_/ ,a4 ,syche 7674 #ec4 ,a4 on 7for #bnd to74 #ei4 ,c4 shollen2 ,a4 shullen4 #fj4 ,c4 anoyos2 ,a4 anoies2 ,ed4 anoyous4 #fd4 ,c4 wrowht2 ,a4 wrought4 #gj4 oon ,a4 none4 #ga4 ,a4 accoumptedest4 #ge4 ,a4 as 7for al-so74 #gg1 #gh1 #hj4 ,a4 rycchesse4 #ij4 ,a4 outwardes4 #ih4 ,a4 ne ye ne1 c4 #ajj4 ,a4 ,ed4 erthely2 ,c4 wordly4 #ajc4 ,c4 tho2 ,a4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 foulest4 #ajd4 ,a4 summytten4 _/_/ ,c4 the2 ,a4 tho4 #ajf4 ,a4 desert4 #aaj4 ,a4 om4 livinge4 _/_/ ,c4 hym-2 ,a4 hem-4 #aaa4 ,c4 om4 that4 #aai4 ,so ,a42 ,c4 felthe4 #abb4 ,a4 rycchesse 7thrice74 _/_/ ,c4 tho2 ,a4 the4 #abe4 ,c4 ,a4 ,ed4 and weneth2 but and must be omitted 7see ,latin text74 _/_/ ,c4 hat4 #abf4 ,a4 om4 #bnd now4 #abh4 ,a4 wayfaryng4 #acb4 ,a4 rycchesse4 ,,metre ,v4 ,felix nimium prior etas4 ,blisful was the first age of men6 ,they helden hem apayed with the metes that the trewe feldes broughten forth4 ,they ne distroyede nor deceivede nat hem-self with outrage4 ,they weren wont lightly to slaken hir hunger at even with acornes of okes4 ,they ne coude nat medly the yifte of ,bachus to the #e cleer hony2 that is to seyn1 they coude make no piment nor clarree2 ne they coude nat medle the brighte fleeses of the contree of ,seriens with the venim of ,tyrie2 this is to seyn1 they coude nat deyen whyte fleeses of ,serien contree with the blode of a maner shelfisshe that men finden in ,tyrie1 with whiche blood men deyen #aj purpur4 ,they slepen hoolsom slepes up-on the gras1 and dronken of the renninge wateres2 and layen under the shadwes of the heye pyn-trees4 ,ne no gest ne straungere ne carf yit the heye see with ores or with shippes2 ne they ne hadde seyn yit none newe strondes1 to leden marchaundyse in-to dyverse #ae contrees4 ,tho weren the cruel clariouns ful hust and ful stille1 ne blood y-shad by egre hate ne hadde nat deyed yit armures4 ,for wher-to or which woodnesse of enemys wolde first moeven armes1 whan they seyen cruel woundes1 ne none medes be of blood y-shad8 #bj ,i wolde that oure tymes sholde torne ayein to the olde maneres6 ,but the anguissous love of havinge brenneth in folk more cruely than the fyr of the mountaigne ,ethna1 that ay brenneth4 ,allas6 what was he that first dalf up the gobetes or the weightes of gold covered under erthe1 and the precious stones that wolden #be han ben hid8 ,he dalf up precious perils4 ,that is to seyn1 that he that hem first up dalf1 he dalf up a precious peril2 for-why for the preciousnesse of swiche thinge1 hath many man ben in peril4 ,,me4 ,v4 #b4 ,ed4 feldes2 ,c4 feeldes2 ,a4 erthes4 #c4 ,c4 desseyuyd2 ,a4 desceyued4 #d4 ,c4 accornes2 ,a4 acornes4 #f4 ,c4 nor2 ,ed4 or2 ,a4 of4 #g4 ,c4 fleezes2 ,a4 flies2 ,ed4 fleces4 #h4 ,a4 siriens 7,lat4 ,serum74 #i4 ,c4 flezes2 ,a4 flies2 ,ed4 fleces4 _/_/ ,c4 syryen2 ,a4 sirien2 ,ed4 ,syrien4 #aj4 ,c4 shylle-2 ,a4 ,ed4 shel-4 #ac4 ,a4 om4 #crd ne4 _/_/ ,c4 karue2 ,a4 karf2 ,ed4 carfe4 #af4 ,c4 crwel 7and so again below74 _/_/ ,c4 ,ed4 hust2 ,a4 whist4 #ag4 ,a4 y-shed4 _/_/ ,a4 armurers 7674 #ah4 ,c4 wer to4 #ai4 ,c4 say2 ,a4 seien4 #bb4 ,c4 angwissos2 ,a4 anguissous4 #bc4 ,c4 om4 #bnd the4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 of ,ethna2 ,c4 om4 of4 _/_/ ,a4 euer 7for ay74 #bg4 ,c4 om4 #bnd he4 #bh4 ,a4 om4 thinge4 _/_/ ,a4 ben2 ,c4 be4 ,,prose ,,vi4 ,quid autem de dignitatibus4 ,but what shal ,i seye of dignitees and of powers1 the whiche ye men1 that neither knowen verray dignitee ne verray power1 areysen hem as heye as the hevene8 ,the whiche dignitees and powers1 yif they comen to any wikked man1 they don as grete damages and destrucciouns as doth the flaumbe of the mountaigne #e ,ethna1 whan the flaumbe walweth up2 ne no deluge ne doth so cruel harmes4 ,certes1 thee remembreth wel1 as ,i trowe1 that thilke dignitee that men clepen the imperie of consulers1 the whiche that whylom was biginninge of fredom1 youre eldres coveiteden to han don away that dignitee1 for the pryde of the #aj consulers4 ,and right for the same pryde your eldres1 biforn that tyme1 hadden don awey1 out of the citee of ,rome1 the kinges name2 that is to seyn1 they nolde han no lenger no king4 ,but now1 yif so be that dignitees and powers be yeven to goode men1 the whiche thing is ful selde1 what agreable thing is ther in tho #ae dignitees or powers but only the goodnesse of folkes that usen hem8 ,and therfor it is thus1 that honour ne comth nat to vertu for cause of dignitee1 but ayeinward honour comth to dignitee for cause of vertu4 ,but whiche is thilke youre dereworthe power1 that is so cleer and so requerable8 ,o ye ertheliche bestes1 #bj considere ye nat over which thinge that it semeth that ye han power8 ,now yif thou saye a mous amonges other mys1 that chalaunged to him-self-ward right and power over alle other mys1 how greet scorn woldest thou han of it6 ,,glosa4 ,so fareth it by men2 the body hath power over the body4 ,for yif thou loke wel #be up-on the body of a wight1 what thing shall thou finde more freele than is mankinde2 the whiche men wel ofte ben slayn with bytinge of smale flyes1 or elles with the entringe of crepinge wormes in-to the privetees of mannes body8 ,but wher shal man finden any man that may exercen or haunten any right up-on #cj another man1 but only up-on his body1 or elles up-on thinges that ben lowere than the body1 the whiche ,i clepe fortunous possessiouns8 ,mayst thou ever have any comaundement over a free corage8 ,mayst thou remuen fro the estat of his propre reste a thought that is clyvinge to-gidere in him-self by stedefast #ce resoun8 ,as whylom a tyraunt wende to confounde a free man of corage1 and wende to constreyne him by torment1 to maken him discoveren and acusen folk that wisten of a coniuracioun1 which ,i clepe a confederacie1 that was cast ayeins this tyraunt2 but this free man boot of his owne tonge and caste it in the #dj visage of thilke wode tyraunt2 so that the torments that this tyraunt wende to han maked matere of crueltee1 this wyse man maked it matere of vertu4 ,but what thing is it that a man may don to another man1 that he ne may receyven the same thing of othre folk in him-self3 #de or thus1 what may a man don to folk1 that folk ne may don him the same8 ,i have herd told of ,busirides1 that was wont to sleen his gestes that herberweden in his hous2 and he was sleyn him-self of ,ercules that was his gest4 ,regulus hadde taken in bataile many men of ,affrike and cast hem in-to feteres2 but sone after #ej he moste yeve his handes to ben bounde with the cheynes of hem that he hadde whylom overcomen4 ,wenest thou thanne that he be mighty1 that hath no power to don a thing1 that othre ne may don in him that he doth in othre8 ,and yit more-over1 yif it so were that thise dignitees or poweres hadden any propre #ee or natural goodnesse in hem-self1 never nolden they comen to shrewes4 ,for contrarious thinges ne ben nat wont to ben y-felawshiped to-gidere4 ,nature refuseth that contrarious thinges ben y-ioigned4 ,and so1 as ,i am in certein that right wikked folk han dignitees ofte tyme1 than sheweth it wel that dignitees and #fj powers ne ben nat goode of hir owne kinde2 sin that they suffren hem-self to cleven or ioinen hem to shrewes4 ,and certes1 the same thing may ,i most digneliche iugen and seyn of alle the yiftes of fortune that most plentevously comen to shrewes2 of the whiche yiftes1 ,i trowe that it oughte ben considered1 that no #fe man douteth that he nis strong in whom he seeth strengthe2 and in whom that swiftnesse is1 sooth it is that he is swift4 ,also musike maketh musiciens1 and phisike maketh phisiciens1 and rethorike rethoriens4 ,for-why the nature of every thing maketh his propretee1 ne it is nat entremedled with the effects of the #gj contrarious thinges2 and1 as of wil1 it chaseth out thinges that ben to it contrarie4 ,but certes1 richesse may not restreyne avarice unstaunched2 ne power ne maketh nat a man mighty over him-self1 whiche that vicious lustes holden destreyned with cheynes that ne mowen nat be unbounden4 ,and dignitees that #ge ben yeven to shrewede folk nat only ne maketh hem nat digne1 but it sheweth rather al openly that they ben unworthy and undigne4 ,and why is it thus8 ,certes1 for ye han ,ioye to clepen thinges with false names that beren hem alle in the contrarie2 the whiche names ben ful ofte reproeved by the effecte of the #hj same thinges2 so that thise ilke richesses ne oughten nat by right to ben cleped richesses2 ne swich power ne oughte nat ben cleped power2 ne swich dignitee ne oughte nat ben cleped dignitee4 ,and at the laste1 ,i may conclude the same thing of alle the #he yiftes of ,fortune1 in which ther nis nothing to ben desired1 ne that hath in him-self naturel bountee1 as it is ful wel y-sene4 ,for neither they ne ioignen hem nat alwey to goode men1 ne maken hem alwey goode to whom that they ben y-ioigned4 ,,pr4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,a4 seyne4 #b4 ,a4 om4 ye4 #e4 ,c4 flawmbe2 ,a4 flamme 7twice74 #f4 ,a4 ins4 wit 767 bef4 walweth4 #g4 ,c4 crwel4 _/_/ ,c4 remenbryth4 #h4 ,a4 thilke2 ,c4 thikke4 _/_/ ,a4 emperie2 ,c4 ,imperiye4 #aa4 ,a4 conseilers4 #ac4 ,a4 kyng2 ,c4 kynge4 #ae4 ,ed4 selde2 ,c4 ,a4 zelde4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 ,ed4 thinges2 read thing 7,lat4 quid placet74 #ai4 ,a4 om4 thilke4 #bb4 ,c4 musgh2 ,a4 myse2 ,ed4 myce4 #bc4 ,c4 mysgh2 ,a4 myse2 ,ed4 myce4 #bf4 ,c4 shalthow4 #bg4 ,a4 mannes kynde4 _/_/ ,a4 whiche ben ful ofte slayn4 #bi4 ,a4 mennes bodyes4 #cc4 ,c4 ,maysthow4 #cd4 ,c4 ,maysthow remwen4 #ce4 ,a4 cleuyng4 _/_/ ,c4 stidefast2 ,a4 stedfast4 #dj4 ,ed4 caste2 ,c4 ,a4 cast4 #db4 ,c4 crwelte4 #de4 ,c4 resseyuen2 ,a4 receyue4 #dh4 ,a4 herburghden4 #eb4 ,c4 om4 he4 _/_/ ,c4 whylom2 ,a4 somtyme4 _/_/ ,c4 weenesthow4 #ec4 ,c4 thinge2 ,a4 thing4 #ed4 ,a4 om4 #ast in4 _/_/ ,a4 to 7for #bnd in74 #fc4 ,ed4 ,i 7after may72 ,c4 ,a4 omit4 #fg4 ,c4 om4 it4 #fh4 ,so ,a42 ,c4 musuciens1 phisissiens4 #gj4 ,a4 effectis2 ,c4 effect4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 the4 #gb4 ,c4 ,a4 to it ben4 #gc4 ,a4 om4 #bnd ne4 #ha1 #hb4 ,a4 rycchesse 7twice74 #hb1 #hc4 ,a4 whiche 7for swich2 twice74 #hg4 ,c4 ,i-seene2 ,a4 sene4 ,,metre ,,vi4 ,nouimus quantas dederit ruinas4 ,we han wel knowen how many grete harmes and destrucciouns weren don by the emperor ,nero4 ,he leet brenne the citee of ,rome1 and made sleen the senatoures4 ,and he1 cruel1 whylom slew his brother2 and he was maked moist with the blood of his moder2 that is to seyn1 he leet sleen and slitten the body of #e his moder1 to seen wher he was conceived2 and he loked on every halve up-on her colde dede body1 ne no tere ne wette his face1 but he was so hard-herted that he mighte ben domes-man or ,iuge of hir dede beautee4 ,and natheles1 yit governede this ,nero by ceptre alle the poeples that ,phebus the sonne may seen1 cominge #aj from his outereste arysinge til he hyde his bemes under the wawes2 that is to seyn1 he governed alle the poeples by ceptre imperial that the sonne goth aboute1 from est to west4 ,and eek this ,nero governed by ceptre alle the poeples that ben under the colde sterres that highten septem triones2 this is to seyn1 he #ae governede alle the poeples that ben under the party of the north4 ,and eek ,nero governed alle the poeples that the violent wind ,nothus scorkleth1 and baketh the brenning sandes by his drye hete2 that is to seyn1 alle the poeples in the south4 ,but yit ne mighte nat al his hye power torne the woodnesse of this wikked #bj ,nero4 ,allas6 it is a grevous fortune1 as ofte as wikked swerd is ioigned to cruel venim2 that is to seyn1 venimous crueltee to lordshippe4' ,,me4 ,,vi4 #b4 ,c4 let2 ,a4 letee 7674 #c4 ,c4 crwel4 _/_/ ,c4 whylom2 ,a4 somtyme4 #e4 ,c4 lette 7wrongly72 ,a4 let4 #f4 ,c4 conseyued2 ,a4 conceiued4 #g4 ,a4 half4 _/_/ ,c4 wecte2 ,a4 wette4 #i4 ,a4 ghitte neuertheles4 #aa4 ,a4 hidde4 #ab4 ,c4 sceptre2 ,a4 ceptre4 #ae4 ,c4 vii4 tyryones 7sic72 ,a4 the seuene triones2 ,ed4 the ,septentrions4 #af4 ,a4 parties4 #ah4 ,c4 ,ed4 scorklith2 ,a4 scorchith4 #ai-ba4 ,a4 om4 ,but yit 444 ,nero2 ,ed4 retains it1 omitting hye4 _/_/ ,for ,allas 444 it is1 ,a4 has--,but ne how greuous fortune is2 ,c4 om4 a bef4 greuous1 but ,ed4 retains it4 ,c4 repeats it is4 #bb4 ,c4 crwel2 crwelte4 ,,prose ,,vii4 ,tum ego1 scis1 inquam4 ,thanne seyde ,i thus3 ',thou wost wel thy-self that the coveitise of mortal thinges ne hadde never lordshipe of me2 but ,i have wel desired matere of thinges to done1 as who seith1 ,i desire to han matere of governaunce over comunalitees1 for vertu1 stille1 ne sholde nat elden2' that is to seyn1 that him leste that1 #e or he wex olde1 his vertu1 that lay now ful stille1 ne should nat perisshe unexercised in governaunce of comune2 for which men mighten speken or wryten of his goode governement4 ,philosophye4 ',for sothe1' quod she1 'and that is a thing that may drawen to governaunce swiche hertes as ben worthy and #aj noble of hir nature2 but natheles1 it may nat drawen or tollen swiche hertes as ben y-brought to the fulle perfeccioun of vertu1 that is to seyn1 coveitise of glorie and renoun to han wel administred the comune thinges or don gode desertes to profit of the comune4 ,for see now and considere1 how litel and how voide of #ae alle prys is thilke glorie4 ,certein thing is1 as thou hast lerned by the demonstracioun of astronomye1 that al the environinge of the erthe aboute ne halt nat but the resoun of a prikke at regard of the greetnesse of hevene2 that is to seyn1 that yif ther were maked comparisoun of the erthe to the greetnesse of hevene1 men wolden #bj iugen in al1 that the erthe ne helde no space4 ,of the whiche litel regioun of this worlde1 the ferthe partye is enhabited with livinge bestes that we knowen1 as thou thyself hast y-lerned by ,tholomee that proveth it4 ,and yif thou haddest with-drawen and abated in thy thought fro thilke ferthe partye as moche space as the see and #be the mareys contenen and over-goon1 and as moche space as the regioun of droughte over-streccheth1 that is to seyn1 sandes and desertes1 wel unnethe sholde ther dwellen a right streit place to the habitacioun of men4 ,and ye thanne1 that ben environed and closed with-in the leste prikke of thilke prikke1 thinken ye to #cj manifesten your renoun and don youre name to ben born forth8 ,but your glorie1 that is so narwe and so streite y-throngen in-to so litel boundes1 how mochel coveiteth it in largesse and in greet doinge8 ,and also sette this there-to3 that many a nacioun1 dyverse of tonge and of maneres and eek of resoun of hir livinge1 #ce ben enhabited in the clos of thilke litel habitacle2 to the whiche naciouns1 what for difficultee of weyes and what for dyversitee of langages1 and what for defaute of unusage and entrecomuninge of marchaundise1 nat only the names of singuler men ne may nat strecchen1 but eek the fame of citees ne may nat strecchen4 ,at #dj the laste1 certes1 in the tyme of ,marcus ,tullius1 as him-self writ in his book1 that the renoun of the comune of ,rome ne hadde nat yit passed ne cloumben over the mountaigne that highte ,caucasus2 and yit was1 thilke tyme1 ,rome wel waxen and greetly redouted of the ,parthes and eek of other folk enhabitinge aboute4 ,seestow #de nat thanne how streit and how compressed is thilke glorie that ye travailen aboute to shewe and to multiplye8 ,may thanne the glorie of a singuler ,romaine strecchen thider as the fame of the name of ,rome may nat climben ne passen8 ,and eek1 seestow nat that the maneres of dyverse folk and eek hir lawes ben discordaunt #ej among hem-self2 so that thilke thing that som men iugen worthy of preysinge1 other folk iugen that it is worthy of torment8 ,and ther-of comth it that1 though a man delyte him in preysinge of his renoun1 he may nat in no wyse bringen forth ne spreden his name to many maner poeples4 ,there-for every man #ee oughte to ben apayed of his glorie that is publisshed among his owne neighbours2 and thilke noble renoun shal ben restreyned within the boundes of o manere folke4 ,but how many a man1 that was ful noble in his tyme1 hath the wrecched and nedy foryetinge of wryteres put out of minde and don awey6 ,al be #fj it so that1 certes1 thilke wrytinges profiten litel2 the whiche wrytinges long and derk elde doth awey1 bothe hem and eek hir autours4 ,but ye men semen to geten yow a perdurabletee1 whan ye thenken that1 in tyme to-cominge1 your fame shal lasten4 ,but natheles1 yif thou wolt maken comparisoun to the endeles spaces #fe of eternitee1 what thing hast thou by whiche thou mayst reioysen thee of long lastinge of thy name8 ,for yif ther were maked comparisoun of the abydinge of a moment to ten thousand winter1 for as mochel as bothe the spaces ben ended1 yit hath the moment som porcioun of it1 al-though it litel be4 ,but natheles1 #gj thilke selve noumbre of yeres1 and eek as many yeres as ther-to may be multiplyed1 ne may nat1 certes1 ben comparisoned to the perdurabletee that is endeles2 for of thinges that han ende may be maked comparisoun1 but of thinges that ben with-outen ende1 to thinges that han ende1 may be maked no comparisoun4 #ge ,and forthy is it that1 al-though renoun1 of as long tyme as ever thee list to thinken1 were thought to the regard of eternitee1 that is unstaunchable and infinit1 it ne sholde nat only semen litel1 but pleynliche right naught4 ,but ye men1 certes1 ne conne don nothing a-right1 but-yif it be for the audience of poeple and for #hj ydel rumours2 and ye forsaken the grete worthinesse of conscience and of vertu1 and ye seken your guerdouns of the smale wordes of straunge folk4 ,have now heer and understonde1 in the lightnesse of swich pryde and veine glorie1 how a man scornede festivaly and merily #he swich vanitee4 ,whylom ther was a man that hadde assayed with stryvinge wordes another man1 the whiche1 nat for usage of verray vertu but for proud veine glorie1 had taken up-on him falsly the name of a philosophre4 ,this rather man4 that ,i spak of thoughte he wolde assaye1 wher he1 thilke1 were a philosophre #ij or no2 that is to seyn1 yif that he wolde han suffred lightly in pacience the wronges that weren don un-to him4 ,this feynede philosophre took pacience a litel whyle1 and1 whan he hadde received wordes of outrage1 he1 as in stryvinge ayein and reioysinge of him-self1 seyde at the laste right thus3 understondest #ie thou nat that ,i am a philosophre8 ,that other man answerde ayein ful bytingly1 and seyde3 ,i hadde wel understonden it1 yif thou haddest holden thy tonge stille4 ,but what is it to thise noble worthy men 7for1 certes1 of swiche folke speke ,i7 that seken glorie with vertu8 ,what is it8' quod she2 'what atteyneth fame #ajj to swiche folk1 whan the body is resolved by the deeth at the laste8 ,for yif it so be that men dyen in al1 that is to seyn1 body and sowle1 the whiche thing our resoun defendeth us to bileven1 thanne is ther no glorie in no wyse4 ,for what sholde thilke glorie ben1 whan he1 of whom thilke glorie is seyd to be1 nis right naught #aje in no wyse8 ,and yif the sowle1 whiche that hath in it-self science of goode werkes1 unbounden fro the prison of the erthe1 wendeth frely to the hevene1 despyseth it nat thanne alle erthely occupacioun2 and1 being in hevene1 reioyseth that it is exempt fro alle erthely thinges8 ,as who seith1 thanne rekketh the sowle of no #aaj glorie of renoun of this world4 ,,pr4 ,,vii4 #d4 ,a4 desired4 #e4 ,i supply him 7to make sense74 _/_/ ,ed4 leste2 ,c4 ,a4 list4 #f4 ,a4 wex2 ,c4 wax4 #g4 ,c4 perise2 ,a4 perisshe4 _/_/ ,ed4 vnexercysed2 ,c4 ,a4 vnexcercised4 #ag4 ,a4 om4 #ast the4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 of4 #ba4 ,a4 that erthe helde4 #bf4 ,a4 and mareys4 _/_/ ,c4 spaces 7for space74 #bh4 ,c4 vel2 ,a4 wel4 #cb4 ,c4 narwh2 ,a4 narwe4 #cf4 ,a4 cloos4 #cg4 ,c4 deficulte2 ,a4 difficulte4 _/_/ ,c4 deficulte 7repeated72 ,a4 ,ed4 diuersite4 #ch4 ,a4 om4 and after vnusage4 #ci4 ,ed4 synguler2 ,c4 ,a4 syngler4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 nat 7bef4 #ast strecchen74 #da4 ,c4 marchus2 ,a4 ,marcus4 _/_/ ,ed4 ,tullius2 ,c4 ,a4 ,tulius4 _/_/ ,c4 writ2 ,a4 writeth4 #dc4 ,c4 om4 yit4 _/_/ ,a4 hyght4 #dd4 ,c4 thikke2 ,a4 thilk4 _/_/ ,a4 wexen4 #de4 ,c4 sestow2 ,a4 ,sest thou4 #dh4 ,ed4 synguler2 ,c4 singler2 ,a4 singlere4 _/_/ ,a4 strecchen2 ,c4 strechchen4 #di4 ,c4 seysthow2 ,a4 sest thou2 ,ed4 seest thou4 #ea4 ,c4 thinge2 ,a4 thing4 #ef4 ,a4 paied4 _/_/ ,ed4 publysshed2 ,c4 publyssed2 ,a4 puplissed4 #eg4 ,a4 neyghbores2 ,ed4 neyghbours2 ,c4 nesshebours4 #ei4 ,a4 nedy and wrecched4 #fc4 ,a4 autours2 ,ed4 auctours2 ,c4 actorros 7674 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 ye men semen2 ,c4 yow men semeth4 #fd4 ,a4 thenke2 ,c4 thinken4 _/_/ ,a4 comyng 7om4 to-74 #fe4 ,a4 space 7,lat4 spatia74 #fi4 ,c4 ,a4 ,ed4 insert for bef4 yit 7wrongly74 #gj4 ,a4 it a litel4 #gc4 ,c4 -durablyte2 ,a4 -durablete4 _/_/ ,a4 eenles 7for endeles74 #gd1 #ge4 ,a4 om4 but of 444 comparisoun4 #gg4 ,a4 by 7for #bnd to74 #hb4 ,c4 ,a4 gerdouns2 ,ed4 guerdones4 #hd4 ,a4 whiche 7for swich74 #hi4 ,a4 speke4 #ij4 ,c4 weere he2 ,a4 where he2 ,ed4 wheder he4 #ia4 ,a4 om4 that4 #id4 ,c4 resseyuyd2 ,a4 receiued4 #ie4 ,c4 vnderstondow4 #ig4 ,a4 om4 it4 #ih4 ,c4 glosses it by s4 fama4 #ajb4 ,a4 om4 it4 #ajc4 ,c4 deffendeth2 ,a4 defendith4 #aje4 ,a4 for 7for whan74 #ajg4 ,c4 glosses erthe by i4 corporis4 #ajh4 ,c4 glosses it by i4 anima4 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,a4 om4 ,as who 444 this world4 ,,metre ,,vii4 ,quicunque solam mente praecipiti petit4 ,who-so that1 with overthrowinge thought1 only seketh glorie of fame1 and weneth that it be sovereyn good3 lat him loken up-on the brode shewinge contrees of hevene1 and up-on the streite site of this erthe2 and he shal ben ashamed of the encrees of his name1 that may nat fulfille the litel compas of the erthe4 ,o6 #e what coveiten proude folk to liften up hir nekkes in ydel in the dedly yok of this worlde8 ,for al-though that renoun y-sprad1 passinge to ferne poeples1 goth by dyverse tonges2 and al-though that grete houses or kinredes shynen with clere titles of honours2 yit1 natheles1 deeth despyseth alle heye glorie of fame3 and deeth #aj wrappeth to-gidere the heye hevedes and the lowe1 and maketh egal and evene the heyeste to the loweste4 ,wher wonen now the bones of trewe ,fabricius8 ,what is now ,brutus1 or stierne ,catoun8 ,the thinne fame1 yit lastinge1 of hir ydel names1 is marked with a fewe lettres2 but al-though that we han knowen #ae the faire wordes of the fames of hem1 it is nat yeven to knowe hem that ben dede and consumpte4 ,liggeth thanne stille1 al outrely unknowable2 ne fame ne maketh yow nat knowe4 ,and yif ye wene to liven the longer for winde of your mortal name1 whan o cruel day shal ravisshe yow1 thanne is the seconde deeth #bj dwellinge un-to yow4' ,,glose4 ,the first deeth he clepeth heer the departinge of the body and the sowle2 and the seconde deeth he clepeth1 as heer1 the stintinge of the renoun of fame4 #c4 ,c4 cyte 7for site72 ,a4 sete 7error for site2 ,lat4 situm74 #f4 ,a4 liften vpon hire nekkes in ydel and dedely4 #g4 ,a4 om4 that4 #i4 ,a4 om4 that4 _/_/ ,c4 cler2 ,a4 clere4 #ac4 ,a4 stiern2 ,ed4 sterne4 #ag4 ,a4 ,ed4 consumpt4 #ah4 ,a4 vtterly4 #ba4 ,ed4 to 7for un-to72 ,a4 in4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 the2 ,c4 om4 7after heer74 ,,prose ,,viii4 ,set ne me inexorabile contra fortunam4 ',but for as mochel as thou shalt nat wenen'1 quod she1 'that ,i bere untretable bataile ayeins fortune1 yit som-tyme it bifalleth that she1 deceyvable1 deserveth to han right good thank of men2 and that is1 whan she hir-self opneth1 and whan she descovereth hir frount1 and sheweth hir maneres4 ,peraventure yit understondest #e thou nat that ,i shal seye4 ,it is a wonder that ,i desire to telle1 and forthy unnethe may ,i unpleyten my sentence with wordes2 for ,i deme that contrarious ,fortune profiteth more to men than ,fortune debonaire4 ,for alwey1 whan ,fortune semeth debonaire1 than she lyeth falsly in bihetinge the hope of welefulnesse2 but #aj forsothe contrarious ,fortune is alwey soothfast1 whan she sheweth hir-self unstable thorugh hir chaunginge4 ,the amiable ,fortune deceyveth folk2 the contrarie ,fortune techeth4 ,the amiable ,fortune bindeth with the beautee of false goodes the hertes of folk that usen hem2 the contrarie ,fortune unbindeth hem by the #ae knowinge of freele welefulnesse4 ,the amiable ,fortune mayst thou seen alwey windinge and flowinge1 and ever misknowinge of hir-self2 the contrarie ,fortune is atempre and restreyned1 and wys thorugh exercise of hir adversitee4 ,at the laste1 amiable ,fortune with hir flateringes draweth miswandringe men fro the sovereyne #bj good2 the contrarious ,fortune ledeth ofte folk ayein to soothfast goodes1 and haleth hem ayein as with an hooke4 ,wenest thou thanne that thou oughtest to leten this a litel thing1 that this aspre and horrible ,fortune hath discovered to thee the thoughtes of thy trewe freendes8 ,for-why this ilke ,fortune hath departed and uncovered #be to thee bothe the certein visages and eek the doutous visages of thy felawes4 ,whan she departed awey fro thee1 she took awey hir freendes1 and lafte thee thyne freendes4 ,now whan thou were riche and weleful1 as thee semede1 with how mochel woldest thou han bought the fulle knowinge of this1 that is to seyn1 #cj the knowinge of thy verray freendes8 ,now pleyne thee nat thanne of richesse y-lorn1 sin thou hast founden the moste precious kinde of richesses1 that is to seyn1 thy verray freendes4 ,,pr4 ,,viii4 ,a4 omits to end of bk4 iii4 pr4 #a4 #c4 ,c4 desseyuable4 _/_/ ,c4 desserueth4 #g4 ,so ,c42 ,ed4 vnplyten4 #ac4 ,c4 desseyueth4 #ag4 ,c4 maysthow4 #cj4 ,c4 woldesthow4 ,,metre ,,viii4 ,quod mundus stabili fide4 ,that the world with stable feith varieth acordable chaunginges2 that the contrarious qualitee of elements holden among hem-self aliaunce perdurable2 that ,phebus the sonne with his goldene chariet bringeth forth the rosene day2 that the mone hath commaundement over the nightes1 which nightes ,hesperus the eve-sterre #e hath brought2 that the see1 greedy to flowen1 constreyneth with a certein ende hise flodes1 so that it is nat leveful to strecche hise brode termes or boundes up-on the erthes1 that is to seyn1 to covere al the erthe3--al this acordaunce of thinges is bounden with ,love1 that governeth erthe and see1 and hath also commaundements #aj to the hevenes4 ,and yif this ,love slakede the brydeles1 alle thinges that now loven hem to-gederes wolden maken a bataile continuely1 and stryven to fordoon the fasoun of this worlde1 the whiche they now leden in acordable feith by faire moevinges4 ,this ,love halt to-gideres poeples ioigned with an holy bond1 and #ae knitteth sacrement of mariages of chaste loves2 and ,love endyteth lawes to trewe felawes4 ,o6 weleful were mankinde1 yif thilke ,love that governeth hevene governed youre corages6' ,,me4 ,,viii4 #f4 ,c4 hat4 #g4 ,c4 lueful2 ,ed4 leful4 #h4 erthes2 ,lat4 terris4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,secundus4 ,,book ,,iii4 ,,prose ,i4 ,iam cantum illa finierat4 ,by this she hadde ended hir song1 whan the sweetnesse of hir ditee hadde thorugh-perced me that was desirous of herkninge1 and ,i astoned hadde yit streighte myn eres1 that is to seyn1 to herkne the bet what she wolde seye2 so that a litel here-after ,i seyde thus3 ',o thou that art sovereyn comfort of anguissous #e corages1 so thou hast remounted and norisshed me with the weighte of thy sentences and with delyt of thy singinge2 so that ,i trowe nat now that ,i be unparigal to the strokes of ,fortune3 as who seyth1 ,i dar wel now suffren al the assautes of ,fortune1 and wel defende me fro hir4 ,and tho remedies whiche that thou #aj seydest her-biforn weren right sharpe1 nat only that ,i am nat a-grisen of hem now1 but ,i1 desirous of heringe1 axe gretely to heren the remedies4' ,than seyde she thus3 ',that felede ,i ful wel1' quod she1 'whan that thou1 ententif and stille1 ravisshedest my wordes2 and ,i #ae abood til that thou haddest swich habite of thy thought as thou hast now2 or elles til that ,i my-self hadde maked to thee the same habit1 which that is a more verray thing4 ,and certes1 the remenaunt of thinges that ben yit to seye ben swiche1 that first whan men tasten hem they ben bytinge1 but whan they ben #bj receyved withinne a wight1 than ben they swete4 ,but for thou seyst that thou art so desirous to herkne hem1 with how gret brenninge woldest thou glowen1 yif thou wistest whider ,i wol leden thee6' ',whider is that8' quod ,i4 #be ',to thilke verray welefulnesse1' quod she1 'of whiche thyn herte dremeth2 but for as moche as thy sighte is ocupied and distorbed by imaginacioun of erthely thinges1 thou mayst nat yit seen thilke selve welefulnesse4' ',do1' quod ,i1 'and shewe me what is thilke verray welefulnesse1 #cj ,i preye thee1 with-oute taryinge4' ',that wole ,i gladly don1' quod she1 'for the cause of thee2 but ,i wol first marken thee by wordes and ,i wol enforcen me to enformen thee thilke false cause of blisfulnesse that thou more knowest2 so that1 whan thou hast fully bi-holden thilke false #ce goodes1 and torned thyn eyen to that other syde1 thou mowe knowe the cleernesse of verray blisfulnesse4 ,,pr4 ,i4 #c4 ,c4 streyhte2 ,ed4 streyght4 #e4 ,c angwissos4 #g4 ,c4 weyhte2 ,ed4 weight4 _/_/ ,c4 sentenses2 ,ed4 sentences4 #h4 ,c4 vnparygal2 ,ed4 vnperegall4 #aj4 ,c4 deffende2 ,ed4 defende4 #aa4 ,c4 hir-2 ,ed4 here-4 #ab4 ,c4 desiros2 ,ed4 desyrous4 #ag4 ,c4 ,ed4 had4 #ba4 ,c4 resseyued4 #bb4 ,c4 wit2 ,ed4 with4 #bc4 ,c4 woldesthow2 ,ed4 woldest thou4 #bf4 ,c4 thynge 7672 ,ed4 thyn2 ,lat4 tuus4 #bh4 ,c4 herthely2 ,ed4 erthly4 #ca4 ,c4 tarynge2 ,ed4 taryeng2 ,lat4 cunctatione4 #cc4 ,c4 the 7for thee72 ,ed4 om4 ,,metre ,i4 ,qui serere ingenuum uolet agrum4 ,who-so wole sowe a feeld plentivous1 lat him first delivere it fro thornes1 and kerve asunder with his hook the busshes and the fern1 so that the corn may comen hevy of eres and of greynes4 ,hony is the more swete1 yif mouthes han first tasted savoures that ben wikkid4 ,the sterres shynen more agreably whan the wind #e ,nothus leteth his ploungy blastes2 and after that ,lucifer the day-sterre hath chased awey the derke night1 the day the fairere ledeth the rosene hors of the sonne4 ,and right so thou1 bi-holdinge first the false goodes1 bigin to with-drawen thy nekke fro the yok of erthely affecciouns2 and after-ward the verray goodes #aj shollen entren in-to thy corage4' ,,me4 ,i4 #a4 ,a4 of 7for fro74 #b4 ,a4 bushes2 ,ed4 busshes2 ,c4 bosses4 #c4 ,c4 heres2 ,a4 eres4 #e4 ,a4 wikke4 _/_/ ,c4 agreablely4 #g4 ,c4 dirke2 ,a4 derke4 #h4 ,a4 om4 ,and4 #aj4 ,c4 verre2 ,a4 verrey4 ,,prose ,,ii4 ,tunc defixo paullulum uisu4 ,tho fastnede she a litel the sighte of hir eyen1 and with-drow hir right as it were in-to the streite sete of hir thought2 and bigan to speke right thus3 ',alle the cures1' quod she1 'of mortal folk1 whiche that travaylen hem in many maner studies1 goon certes by diverse weyes1 but natheles they enforcen hem alle to comen only #e to oon ende of blisfulnesse4 ,and blisfulnesse is swiche a good1 that who-so that hath geten it1 he ne may1 over that1 no-thing more desyre4 ,and this thing is forsothe the sovereyn good that conteyneth in him-self alle maner goodes2 to the whiche good yif ther failede any thing1 it mighte nat ben cleped sovereyn good3 #aj for thanne were ther som good1 out of this ilke sovereyn good1 that mighte ben desired4 ,now is it cleer and certein thanne1 that blisfulnesse is a parfit estat by the congregacioun of alle goodes2 the whiche blisfulnesse1 as ,i have seyd1 alle mortal folk enforcen hem to geten by diverse weyes4 ,for-why the coveitise of verray #ae good is naturelly y-plaunted in the hertes of men2 but the miswandringe errour mis-ledeth hem in-to false goodes4 ,of the whiche men1 som of hem wenen that sovereyn good be to liven with-oute nede of any thing1 and travaylen hem to be haboundaunt of richesses4 ,and som other men demen that sovereyn good be1 #bj for to ben right digne of reverence2 and enforcen hem to ben reverenced among hir neighbours by the honours that they han y-geten4 ,and some folk ther ben that holden1 that right heigh power be sovereyn good1 and enforcen hem for to regnen1 or elles to ioignen hem to hem that regnen4 ,and it semeth to some other #be folk1 that noblesse of renoun be the sovereyn good2 and hasten hem to geten glorious name by the arts of werre and of pees4 ,and many folk mesuren and gessen that sovereyn good be ,ioye and gladnesse1 and wenen that it be right blisful thing to ploungen hem in voluptuous delyt4 ,and ther ben folk that entrechaungen #cj the causes and the endes of thise forseyde goodes1 as they that desiren richesses to han power and delytes2 or elles they desiren power for to han moneye1 or for cause of renoun4 ,in thise thinges1 and in swiche othre thinges1 is torned alle the entencioun of desiringes and of werkes of men2 as thus3 noblesse and favour #ce of people1 whiche that yeveth to men1 as it semeth hem1 a maner cleernesse of renoun2 and wyf and children1 that men desiren for cause of delyt and of merinesse4 ,but forsothe1 frendes ne sholden nat be rekned a-mong the godes of fortune1 but of vertu2 for it is a ful holy maner thing4 ,alle thise othre thinges1 forsothe1 ben #dj taken for cause of power or elles for cause of delyt4 ,certes1 now am ,i redy to referren the goodes of the body to thise forseide thinges aboven2 for it semeth that strengthe and gretnesse of body yeven power and worthinesse1 and that beautee and swiftnesse yeven noblesses and glorie of renoun2 and hele of #de body semeth yeven delyt4 ,in alle thise thinges it semeth only that blisfulnesse is desired4 ,for-why thilke thing that every man desireth most over alle thinges1 he demeth that it be the sovereyn good2 but ,i have defyned that blisfulnesse is the sovereyn good2 for which every wight demeth1 that thilke estat that he desireth #ej over alle thinges1 that it be blisfulnesse4 ,now hast thou thanne biforn thyn eyen almest al the purposed forme of the welefulnesse of man-kinde1 that is to seyn1 richesses1 honours1 power1 and glorie1 and delyts4 ,the whiche delyt only considerede ,epicurus1 and iuged and establisshed that delyt is #ee the sovereyn good2 for as moche as alle othre thinges1 as him thoughte1 bi-refte awey ,ioye and mirthe fram the herte4 ,but ,i retorne ayein to the studies of men1 of whiche men the corage alwey reherseth and seketh the sovereyn good1 al be it so that it be with a derked memorie2 but he not by whiche path1 right #fj as a dronken man not nat by whiche path he may retorne him to his hous4 ,semeth it thanne that folk folyen and erren that enforcen hem to have nede of nothing8 ,certes1 ther nis non other thing that may so wel performe blisfulnesse1 as an estat plentivous of alle goodes1 that ne hath nede of non other thing1 but that is #fe suffisaunt of himself unto him-self4 ,and folyen swiche folk thanne1 that wenen that thilke thing that is right good1 that it be eek right worthy of honour and of reverence8 ,certes1 nay4 ,for that thing nis neither foul ne worthy to ben despised1 that wel neigh al the entencioun of mortal folk travaylen for to geten it4 ,and power1 #gj oughte nat that eek to ben rekened amonges goodes8 ,what elles8 ,for it is nat to wene that thilke thing1 that is most worthy of alle thinges1 be feble and with-oute strengthe4 ,and cleernesse of renoun1 oughte that to ben despised8 ,certes1 ther may no man forsake1 that al thing that is right excellent and noble1 that it ne #ge semeth to ben right cleer and renomed4 ,for certes1 it nedeth nat to seye1 that blisfulnesse be nat anguissous ne drery1 ne subgit to grevaunces ne to sorwes1 sin that in right litel thinges folk seken to have and to usen that may delyten hem4 ,certes1 thise ben the thinges that men wolen and desiren to geten4 ,and for this #hj cause desiren they richesses1 dignitees1 regnes1 glorie1 and delices4 ,for therby wenen they to han suffisaunce1 honour1 power1 renoun1 and gladnesse4 ,than is it good1 that men seken thus by so many diverse studies4 ,in whiche desyr it may lightly ben shewed how gret is the strengthe of nature2 for how so that men han diverse #he sentences and discordinge1 algates men acorden alle in lovinge the ende of good4 ,,pr4 ,,ii4 #b4 ,c4 cyte2 ,a4 sete2 ,lat4 sedem4 #e4 ,c4 enforsen2 ,a4 enforced2 ,ed4 enforcen4 #f4 ,a4 om4 ,and blisfulnesse4 #aj4 ,a4 om4 cleped4 #ad4 ,c4 enforsen2 ,a4 enforcen4 #ah4 ,a4 is 7for be74 #bj4 ,c4 ben2 ,a4 be4 #bb4 ,c4 nesshebors2 ,a4 neyghbours4 #bc4 ,a4 halden4 _/_/ ,c4 heyh2 ,a4 heyghe2 ,ed4 hye4 #bd3 ,a4 to b 7for be74 #bh4 ,c4 by 7for be72 ,a4 ,ed4 be4 #bi4 ,a4 om4 thing4 #cb4 ,a4 rycchesse4 #ce4 ,a4 om4 #ast of4 _/_/ ,c4 fauor2 ,a4 fauour4 #cf4 ,a4 om4 to men and hem4 #ch4 ,a4 shollen4 #ci4 ,a4 ,ed4 the2 ,c4 tho4 #de4 ,c4 sweft-2 ,a4 swifte-4 #di4 ,c4 deffyned2 ,a4 ,ed4 diffined4 #eb4 ,a4 om4 thy eyen2 ,c4 thy 7for thyn72 ,ed4 thyn4 _/_/ ,a4 almost4 #ee4 ,a4 om4 and bef4 iuged4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 establyssed2 ,ed4 establysshed4 #ei4 ,a4 ins4 of after good 7wrongly74 #fj4 ,c4 dirkyd2 ,a4 derke2 ,ed4 dyrked4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 but he 444 path4 _/_/ ,c4 paath 7twice74 #fb4 ,c4 foleyen2 ,a4 folyen4 #fe4 ,c4 ,a4 ins4 it bef4 is2 ,ed4 om4 #ff4 ,c4 ,a4 foleyen2 ,ed4 folyen4 #fi4 ,c4 wel neyh2 ,ed4 wel nygh2 ,a4 om4 _/_/ ,c4 alle2 ,a4 ,ed4 al4 #gg4 ,i supply nat4 _/_/ ,c4 angwyssos4 _/_/ ,c4 subgyd2 ,a4 subgit4 #ha4 ,a4 rycches4 #hf4 ,c4 allegates2 ,a4 algates4 _/_/ ,a4 lyuynge 7674 ,,metre ,,ii4 ,quantas rerum flectat habenas4 ,it lyketh me to shewe1 by subtil song1 with slakke and delitable soun of strenges1 how that ,nature1 mighty1 enclineth and flitteth the governements of thinges1 and by whiche lawes she1 purveyable1 kepeth the grete world2 and how she1 bindinge1 restreyneth alle thinges by a bonde that may nat ben unbounde4 ,al be it so that #e the lyouns of the contre of ,pene beren the faire chaynes1 and taken metes of the handes of folk that yeven it hem1 and dreden hir sturdy maystres of whiche they ben wont to suffren betinges3 yif that hir horrible mouthes ben be-bled1 that is to seyn1 of bestes devoured1 hir corage of time passed1 that hath ben ydel and rested1 #aj repeyreth ayein2 and they roren grevously and remembren on hir nature1 and slaken hir nekkes fram hir chaynes unbounde2 and hir mayster1 first to-torn with blody tooth1 assayeth the wode wrathes of hem2 this is to seyn1 they freten hir mayster4 ,and the iangelinge brid that singeth on the heye braunches1 that is to seyn1 #ae in the wode1 and after is enclosed in a streyt cage3 al-though that the pleyinge bisinesse of men yeveth hem honiede drinkes and large metes with swete studie1 yit natheles1 yif thilke brid1 skippinge out of hir streyte cage1 seeth the agreables shadewes of the wodes1 she defouleth with hir feet hir metes y-shad1 and seketh #bj mourninge only the wode2 and twitereth1 desiringe the wode1 with hir swete vois4 ,the yerde of a tree1 that is haled a-doun by mighty strengthe1 boweth redily the crop a-doun3 but yif that the hand of him that it bente lat it gon ayein1 anon the crop loketh up-right to hevene4 ,the sonne ,phebus1 that falleth at even in #be the westrene wawes1 retorneth ayein eftsones his carte1 by privee path1 ther-as it is wont aryse4 ,alle thinges seken ayein to hir propre cours1 and alle thinges reioysen hem of hir retorninge ayein to hir nature4 ,ne non ordinaunce nis bitaken to thinges1 but that that hath ioyned the endinge to the beginninge1 and hath maked #cj the cours of it-self stable1 that it chaungeth nat from his propre kinde4 ,,me4 ,,ii4 #c4 ,a4 om4 the4 #h4 ,a4 om4 betinges4 #i4 ,c4 horyble4 #aa4 ,a4 that 7for #ast and74 #ac4 ,a4 to-teren4 #ae4 ,a4 ,iangland4 _/_/ ,a4 this 7for #bnd that74 #af4 ,a4 inclosed4 _/_/ ,c4 streyht2 ,a4 streit4 #ag4 ,c4 pleynynge2 ,a4 pleiyng2 ,lat4 ludens4 #ai4 ,a4 ,ed4 agreable4 #bd4 ,c4 bent2 ,a4 bente4 #bg4 ,a4 in-to 7for to74 #cj4 ,c4 hat2 ,a4 hath4 ,,prose ,,iii4 ,vos quoque1 o terrena animalia4 ,certes also ye men1 that ben ertheliche beestes1 dremen alwey youre beginninge1 al-though it be with a thinne imaginacioun2 and by a maner thoughte1 al be it nat cleerly ne parfitly1 ye loken fram a-fer to thilke verray fyn of blisfulnesse2 and ther-fore naturel entencioun ledeth you to thilke verray good1 but many maner #e errours mis-torneth you ther-fro4 ,consider now yif that by thilke thinges1 by whiche a man weneth to geten him blisfulnesse1 yif that he may comen to thilke ende that he weneth to come by nature4 ,for yif that moneye or honours1 or thise other forseyde thinges bringen to men swich a thing that no good ne fayle hem #aj ne semeth fayle1 certes than wole ,i graunte that they ben maked blisful by thilke thinges that they han geten4 ,but yif so be that thilke thinges ne mowen nat performen that they bi-heten1 and that ther be defaute of manye goodes1 sheweth it nat thanne cleerly that fals beautee of blisfulnesse is knowen and ateint in #ae thilke thinges8 ,first and forward thou thy-self1 that haddest habundaunces of richesses nat long agon1 ,i axe yif that1 in the habundaunce of alle thilke richesses1 thou were never anguissous or sory in thy corage of any wrong or grevaunce that bi-tidde thee on any syde8' #bj ',certes1' quod ,i1 'it ne remembreth me nat that evere ,i was so free of my thought that ,i ne was alwey in anguissh of som-what4' ',and was nat that1' quod she1 'for that thee lakked som-what that thou noldest nat han lakked1 or elles thou haddest that thou #be noldest nat han had8' ',right so is it1' quod ,i4 ',thanne desiredest thou the presence of that oon and the absence of that other8' ',i graunte wel1' quod ,i4 #cj ',forsothe1' quod she1 'than nedeth ther som-what that every man desireth8' ',ye1 ther nedeth1' quod ,i4 ',certes1' quod she1 'and he that hath lakke or nede of aught nis nat in every wey suffisaunt to himself8' #ce ',no1' quod ,i4 ',and thou1' quod she1 'in al the plentee of thy richesses haddest thilke lakke of suffisaunse8' ',what elles8' quod ,i4 ',thanne may nat richesses maken that a man nis nedy1 ne that #dj he be suffisaunt to him-self2 and that was it that they bi-highten1 as it semeth4 ,and eek certes ,i trowe1 that this be gretly to considere1 that moneye ne hath nat in his owne kinde that it ne may ben bi-nomen of hem that han it1 maugre hem8' ',i bi-knowe it wel1' quod ,i4 #de ',why sholdest thou nat bi-knowen it1' quod she1 'whan every day the strenger folk bi-nemen it fro the febler1 maugre hem8 ,for whennes comen elles alle thise foreyne compleyntes or quereles of pletinges1 but for that men axen ayein here moneye that hath ben bi-nomen hem by force or by gyle1 and alwey #ej maugre hem8' ',right so is it1' quod ,i4 ',than1' quod she1 'hath a man nede to seken him foreyne helpe by whiche he may defende his moneye8' ',who may sey nay8' quod ,i4 #ee ',certes1' quod she2 'and him nedede non help1 yif he ne hadde no moneye that he mighte lese8' ',that is douteles1' quod ,i4 ',than is this thinge torned in-to the contrarye1' quod she4 ',for richesses1 that men wenen sholde make suffisaunce1 they #fj maken a man rather han nede of foreyne help6 ,which is the manere or the gyse1' quod she1 'that richesse may dryve awey nede8 ,riche folk1 may they neither han hunger ne thurst8 ,thise riche men1 may they fele no cold on hir limes on winter8 ,but thou wolt answeren1 that riche men han y-now wher-with they #fe may staunchen hir hunger1 slaken hir thurst1 and don a-wey cold4 ,in this wyse may nede be counforted by richesses2 but certes1 nede ne may nat all outrely ben don a-wey4 ,for though this nede1 that is alwey gapinge and gredy1 be fulfild with richesses1 and axe any thing1 yit dwelleth thanne a nede that mighte be fulfild4 ,i #gj holde me stille1 and telle nat how that litel thing suffiseth to nature2 but certes to avarice y-nough ne suffiseth no-thing4 ,for sin that richesses ne may nat al don awey nede1 but richesses maken nede1 what may it thanne be1 that ye wenen that richesses mowen yeven you suffisaunce8 #ge ,,pr4 ,,iii4 #b4 ,a4 om4 youre biginninge4 #ae4 ,c4 ataynt2 ,a4 a-teint4 #bd4 ,a4 that 7for ,and74 _/_/ ,a4 om4 nat that 444 for4 _/_/ ,a4 thou lakkedest2 ,ed4 the lacked4 #cd4 ,a4 a wyght 7for aught74 #ce4 ,c4 suffysaunte2 ,a4 suffisaunt4 #cg1 #dj4 ,a4 rycchesse4 #df4 ,c4 sholdesthow4 #dg4 ,a4 bynymen4 _/_/ ,c4 febelere2 ,a4 febler4 #ej4 ,c4 om4 hem4 #ed4 ,c4 deffende4 #ef4 ,a4 nedith4 #fj4 ,a4 rycchesse4 #fc4 ,a4 threst4 #fd4 ,c4 the2 ,a4 thei4 #fe4 ,a4 y-nough4 #ff4 ,a4 threst4 #fh4 ,c4 om4 nat4 _/_/ ,c4 vtrely2 ,a4 outerly4 #fi1 #gj4 ,c4 fulfyd2 ,a4 fulfilled 7twice74 #gb4 ,c4 aueryce2 ,a4 auarice4 #gc4 ,c4 rychesse 7#ast time only72 ,a4 rychesse 7twice74 _/_/ ,c4 alwey2 ,a4 awey4 ,,metre ,,iii4 ,quamvis fluente diues auri gurgite4 ,al were it so that a riche coveytous man hadde a river fletinge al of gold1 yit sholde it never staunchen his coveitise2 and though he hadde his nekke y-charged with precious stones of the rede see1 and though he do ere his feldes plentivous with an hundred oxen1 never ne shal his bytinge bisinesse for-leten him whyl he #e liveth1 ne the lighte richesses ne sholle nat beren him companye whan he is ded4 ,,me4 ,,iii4 #a4 ,a4 om4 #bnd a4 #b4 ,a4 couetise4 #d4 ,a4 erye4 _/_/ ,c4 feeldes4 #f4 ,c4 leuith2 ,a4 lyueth4 _/_/ ,c4 shol2 ,a4 shal4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 compaignie4 ,,prose ,,iv4 ,set dignitates4 ,but dignitees1 to whom they ben comen1 maken they him honorable and reverent8 ,han they nat so gret strengthe1 that they may putte vertues in the hertes of folk that usen the lordshipes of hem8 ,or elles may they don a-wey the vyces8 ,certes1 they ne be nat wont to don awey wikkednesse1 but they ben wont #e rather to shewen wikkednesse4 ,and ther-of comth it that ,i have right grete desdeyn1 that dignitees ben yeven ofte to wikked men2 for which thing ,catullus cleped a consul of ,rome1 that highte ,nonius1 postum or boch2 as who seyth1 he cleped him a congregacioun of vyces in his brest1 as a postum is ful of corupcioun1 #aj al were this ,nonius set in a chayre of dignitee4 ,seest thou nat thanne how gret vilenye dignitees don to wikked men8 ,certes1 unworthinesse of wikked men sholde be the lasse y-sene1 yif they nere renomed of none honours4 ,certes1 thou thyself ne mightest nat ben brought with as manye perils as thou mightest suffren #ae that thou woldest beren the magistrat with ,decorat2 that is to seyn1 that for no peril that mighte befallen thee by offence of the king ,theodorike1 thou noldest nat be felawe in governaunce with ,decorat2 whan thou saye that he hadde wikked corage of a likerous shrewe and of an accuser4 ,ne ,i ne may nat1 for swiche honours1 iugen #bj hem worthy of reverence1 that ,i deme and holde unworthy to han thilke same honours4 ,now yif thou saye a man that were fulfild of wisdom1 certes1 thou ne mightest nat deme that he were unworthy to the honour1 or elles to the wisdom of which he is fulfild8'--',no1' quod ,i4--',certes1 dignitees1' quod she1 'apertienen #be proprely to vertu2 and vertu transporteth dignitee anon to thilke man to which she hir-self is conioigned4 ,and for as moche as honours of poeple ne may nat maken folk digne of honour1 it is wel seyn cleerly that they ne han no propre beautee of dignitee4 ,and yit men oughten taken more heed in this4 ,for yif it so be #cj that a wikked wight be so mochel the foulere and the more out-cast1 that he is despysed of most folk1 so as dignitee ne may nat maken shrewes digne of reverence1 the which shrewes dignitee sheweth to moche folk1 thanne maketh dignitee shrewes rather so moche more despysed than preysed2 and forsothe nat unpunisshed3 #ce that is for to seyn1 that shrewes revengen hem ayeinward up-on dignitees2 for they yilden ayein to dignitees as gret guerdoun1 whan they bi-spotten and defoulen dignitees with hir vilenye4 ,and for as mochel as thou mowe knowe that thilke verray reverence ne may nat comen by thise shadewy transitorie #dj dignitees1 undirstond now thus3 yif that a man hadde used and had many maner dignitees of consules1 and were comen peraventure amonge straunge naciouns1 sholde thilke honour maken him worshipful and redouted of straunge folk8 ,certes1 yif that honour of poeple were a naturel yift to dignitees1 it ne mighte #de never cesen nowher amonges no maner folk to don his office1 right as fyr in every contree ne stinteth nat to eschaufen and to ben hoot4 ,but for as moche as for to ben holden honourable or reverent ne cometh nat to folk of hir propre strengthe of nature1 but only of the false opinioun of folk1 that is to seyn1 that wenen #ej that dignitees maken folk digne of honour2 anon therfore whan that they comen ther-as folk ne knowen nat thilke dignitees1 hir honours vanisshen awey1 and that anon4 ,but that is amonges straunge folk1 mayst thou seyn2 but amonges hem ther they weren born1 ne duren nat thilke dignitees alwey8 ,certes1 the #ee dignitee of the provostrie of ,rome was whylom a gret power2 now is it nothing but an ydel name1 and the rente of the senatorie a gret charge4 ,and yif a wight whylom hadde the office to taken hede to the vitailes of the poeple1 as of corn and other thinges1 he was holden amonges grete2 but what thing is now more out-cast #fj thanne thilke provostrie8 ,and1 as ,i have seyd a litel her-biforn1 that thilke thing that hath no propre beautee of him-self receiveth som-tyme prys and shyninge1 and som-tyme leseth it by the opinioun of usaunces4 ,now yif that dignitees thanne ne mowen nat maken folk digne of reverence1 and yif that dignitees wexen #fe foule of hir wille by the filthe of shrewes1 and yif that dignitees lesen hir shyninge by chaunginge of tymes1 and yif they wexen foule by estimacioun of poeple3 what is it that they han in hem-self of beautee that oughte ben desired8 as who seyth1 non2 thanne ne mowen they yeven no beautee of dignitee to non other4 #gj ,,pr4 ,,iv4 #b4 ,c4 honorable1 glossed ironice4 #c4 ,c4 lordshippys2 ,a4 lordshipes4 #e4 ,a4 om4 ne4 _/_/ ,a4 wikkednesses 7twice72 ,lat4 nequitiam4 #f4 ,c4 om4 to bef4 shewen4 #g4 ,c4 desdaign2 ,a4 desdeyne4 #i4 ,c4 nomyus2 ,a4 nonius4 _/_/ ,ed4 postome4 #aa4 ,c4 nomyus4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 a4 _/_/ ,c4 ,sesthow4 #ab4 ,c4 fylonye2 ,a4 vylenye2 ,ed4 vylonies2 ,lat4 dedecus4 #af4 ,c4 ,ed4 the2 ,a4 thi4 _/_/ ,a4 magistrat2 ,c4 magestrat4 #ag4 ,a4 by the offence2 ,c4 by offense2 ,ed4 by offence4 #ai4 ,ed4 saw4 _/_/ ,c4 lykoros2 ,a4 likerous4 #bb4 ,ed4 sawe4 #be4 ,a4 ,ed4 quod she2 ,c4 om4 #bi4 ,c4 they1 glossed1 s4 honurs4 #cj4 ,a4 more2 ,c4 mor4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 it4 #cj-e4 ,a4 ,for if it so be that he that is most out-cast that most folk dispisen4 or as dignite ne may nat maken shrewes worthi of no reuerences4 than maketh dignites shrewes more dispised than preised4 the whiche shrewes dignit 7sic7 scheweth to moche folk4 and forsothe not vnpunissed2 ,ed4 for if a wight be in so muche the more outcast1 that he is dispysed of moste folke1 so as dignyte ne may not maken shrewes worthy of no reuerence1 than maketh dignite shrewes rather dispysed than praysed1 the whiche shrewes dignite sheweth to moche folk4 ,and forsothe not vnpunisshed4 #ch4 ,c4 ,a4 gerdoun2 ,ed4 guerdons4 _/_/ ,c4 by-spetten2 ,a4 byspotten2 ,lat4 commaculant4 #dj4 ,c4 thyse shadwye2 ,a4 the shadewy4 #da4 ,a4 this 7for thus74 #dg4 ,a4 enchaufen4 #ej4 ,c4 om4 that bef4 wenen4 #ec4 ,c4 vanesshen2 ,a4 vanissen4 #ed4 ,c4 maysthow4 _/_/ ,a4 but2 ,c4 ,ed4 ne4 #ef1 #eh4 ,c4 whylom2 ,a4 som-tyme 7twice74 #eg4 ,c4 om4 the bef4 senatorie4 #ei4 ,a4 and what other2 ,ed4 and of other4 #fb4 ,c4 resseyueth2 ,a4 resceyueth4 #ff4 ,c4 felthe2 ,a4 filthe4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 that after yif 7#crd time only74 #gj4 ,c4 dignete4 ,,metre ,,iv4 ,quamvis se1 ,tyrio superbus ostro4 ,al be it so that the proude ,nero1 with alle his wode luxurie1 kembde him and aparailede him with faire purpres of ,tirie1 and with whyte perles1 algates yit throf he hateful to alle folk3 this is to seyn1 that al was he behated of alle folk4 ,yit this wikked ,nero hadde gret lordship1 and yaf whylom to the #e reverents senatours the unworshipful setes of dignitees4 ,unworshipful setes he clepeth here1 for that ,nero1 that was so wikked1 yaf tho dignitees4 ,who-so wolde thanne resonably wenen1 that blisfulnesse were in swiche honours as ben yeven by vicious shrewes8 #aj ,,me4 ,,iv4 #b4 ,a4 kembed2 apparailed4 #e4 ,c4 lorshippe2 ,a4 lordship4 _/_/ ,c4 ,ed4 whylom2 ,a4 som-tyme4 #f4 ,c4 reuerentz2 ,ed4 reuerent2 ,a4 dredeful2 ,lat4 uerendis4 #h4 ,a4 tho2 ,c4 ,ed4 the4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 so4 #aj4 ,c4 vysios2 ,a4 vicious4 ,,prose ,v4 ,an vero regna regumque familiaritas4 ,but regnes and familiaritees of kinges1 may they maken a man to ben mighty8 ,how elles1 whan hir blisfulnesse dureth perpetuely8 ,but certes1 the olde age of tyme passed1 and eek of present tyme now1 is ful of ensaumples how that kinges ben chaunged in-to wrecchednesse out of hir welefulnesse4 ,o6 a #e noble thing and a cleer thing is power1 that is nat founden mighty to kepen it-self6 ,and yif that power of reaumes be auctour and maker of blisfulnesse1 yif thilke power lakketh on any syde1 amenuseth it nat thilke blisfulnesse and bringeth in wrecchednesse8 ,but yit1 al be it so that the reaumes of mankinde #aj strecchen brode1 yit mot ther nede ben moche folk1 over whiche that every king ne hath no lordshipe ne comaundement4 ,and certes1 up-on thilke syde that power faileth1 which that maketh folk blisful1 right on that same syde noun-power entreth under-nethe1 that maketh hem wrecches2 in this manere thanne #ae moten kinges han more porcioun of wrecchednesse than of welefulnesse4 ,a tyraunt1 that was king of ,sisile1 that hadde assayed the peril of his estat1 shewede by similitude the dredes of reaumes by gastnesse of a swerd that heng over the heved of his familier4 ,what thing is thanne this power1 that may nat #bj don awey the bytinges of bisinesse1 ne eschewe the prikkes of drede8 ,and certes1 yit wolden they liven in sikernesse1 but they may nat2 and yit they glorifye hem in hir power4 ,holdest thou thanne that thilke man be mighty1 that thou seest that he wolde don that he may nat don8 ,and holdest thou thanne #be him a mighty man1 that hath envirownede his sydes with men of armes or seriaunts1 and dredeth more hem that he maketh agast than they dreden him1 and that is put in the handes of his servaunts for he sholde seme mighty8 ,but of familieres or servaunts of kinges what sholde ,i telle thee anything1 sin #cj that ,i myself have shewed thee that reaumes hem-self ben ful of gret feblesse8 ,the whiche familieres1 certes1 the ryal power of kinges1 in hool estat and in estat abated1 ful ofte throweth adown4 ,nero constreynede ,senek1 his familier and his mayster1 to chesen on what deeth he wolde deyen4 ,antonius #ce comaundede that knightes slowen with hir swerdes ,papinian his familier1 which ,papinian hadde ben longe tyme ful mighty amonges hem of the court4 ,and yit1 certes1 they wolden bothe han renounced hir power2 of whiche two ,senek enforcede him to yeven to ,nero his richesses1 and also to han gon in-to #dj solitarie exil4 ,but whan the grete weighte1 that is to seyn1 of lordes power or of fortune1 draweth hem that shullen falle1 neither of hem ne mighte do that he wolde4 ,what thing is thanne thilke power1 that though men han it1 yit they ben agast2 and whanne thou woldest han it1 thou nart nat siker2 and #de yif thou woldest forleten it1 thou mayst nat eschuen it8 ,but whether swiche men ben frendes at nede1 as ben conseyled by fortune and nat by vertu8 ,certes1 swiche folk as weleful fortune maketh freendes1 contrarious fortune maketh hem enemys4 ,and what pestilence is more mighty for to anoye a #ej wight than a familier enemy8 ,,pr4 ,v4 #c4 ,c4 perpetualy2 ,a4 perpetuely4 #g4 ,a4 realmes4 #h4 ,c4 auctor2 ,a4 auctour4 #aj4 ,a4 realmes 7om4 the74 #aa4 ,c4 node 7for nede74 #ab4 ,c4 lorshipe4 #ad4 ,c4 ,a4 nounpower4 #ai4 ,a4 realmes4 #bj4 ,c4 famyler4 #bc4 ,a4 yit2 ,c4 yif4 #bd4 ,c4 seyst2 ,a4 seest2 ,lat4 uideas4 #bg4 ,a4 seruauntes4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 hem4 #ca4 ,a4 realmes4 #cb4 ,a4 feblenesse4 _/_/ ,a4 real2 ,ed4 royal4 #cd4 ,c4 hyr famyler 7sic72 ,a4 his familier4 #cg4 ,c4 famyler2 ,a4 familier4 _/_/ ,c4 that hadde2 ,a4 om4 that4 #da4 ,c4 solutarie2 ,a4 solitarie4 #db4 ,c4 sholen2 ,ed4 shullen2 ,a4 sholden2 ,lat4 ruituros4 #dd4 ,c4 yit2 ,ed4 yet2 ,a4 that4 #dg4 ,c4 wheyther4 ,,metre ,v4 ,qui se uolet esse potentem4 ,who-so wol be mighty1 he mot daunten his cruel corage1 ne putte nat his nekke1 overcomen1 under the foule reynes of lecherye4 ,for al-be-it so that thy lordshipe strecche so fer1 that the contree of ,inde quaketh at thy comaundements or at thy lawes1 and that the last ile in the see1 that hight ,tyle1 #e be thral to thee1 yit1 yif thou mayst nat putten awey thy foule derke desyrs1 and dryven out fro thee wrecched complaintes1 certes1 it nis no power that thou hast4 #h ,,me4 ,v4 #a4 ,c4 wole2 ,ed4 wol2 ,a4 wolde4 #d4 ,c4 thath 7674 _/_/ ,a4 contre ,inde4 _/_/ ,a4 comaundement4 #e4 ,a4 leest 7for last72 ,lat4 ultima4 ,,prose ,,vi4 ,gloria uero quam fallax saepe4 ,but glorie1 how deceivable and how foul is it ofte6 ,for which thing nat unskilfully a tragedien1 that is to seyn1 a maker of ditees that highten tragedies1 cryde and seide3 ,o glorie1 glorie1 quod he1 thou art nothing elles to thousandes of folkes but a greet sweller of eres6 ,for manye han had ful greet #e renoun by the false opinioun of the poeple1 and what thing may ben thought fouler than swiche preysinge8 ,for thilke folk that ben preysed falsly1 they moten nedes han shame of hir preysinges4 ,and yif that folk han geten hem thonk or preysinge by hir desertes1 what thing hath thilke prys eched or #aj encresed to the conscience of wyse folk1 that mesuren hir good1 nat by the rumour of the poeple1 but by the soothfastnesse of conscience8 ,and yif it seme a fair thing1 a man to han encresed and spred his name1 than folweth it that it is demed to ben a foul thing1 yif it ne be y-sprad and encresed4 ,but1 #ae as ,i seyde a litel her-biforn that1 sin ther mot nedes ben many folk1 to whiche folk the renoun of a man ne may nat comen1 it befalleth that he1 that thou wenest be glorious and renomed1 semeth in the nexte partie of the erthes to ben with-oute glorie and with-oute renoun4 #bj ,and certes1 amonges thise thinges ,i ne trowe nat that the prys and grace of the poeple nis neither worthy to ben remembred1 ne cometh of wyse ,iugement1 ne is ferme perdurably4 ,but now1 of this name of gentilesse1 what man is it that ne may wel seen how veyn and how flittinge a thing it #be is8 ,for yif the name of gentilesse be referred to renoun and cleernesse of linage1 thanne is gentil name but a foreine thing1 that is to seyn1 to hem that glorifyen hem of hir linage4 ,for it semeth that gentilesse be a maner preysinge that comth of the deserte of ancestres4 ,and yif preysinge maketh gentilesse1 #cj thanne moten they nedes be gentil that ben preysed4 ,for which thing it folweth1 that yif thou ne have no gentilesse of thy-self1 that is to seyn1 preyse that comth of thy deserte1 foreine gentilesse ne maketh thee nat gentil4 ,but certes1 yif ther be any good in gentilesse1 ,i trowe it be al-only this1 that it semeth #ce as that a maner necessitee be imposed to gentil men1 for that they ne sholden nat outrayen or forliven fro the virtues of hir noble kinrede4 ,,pr4 ,,vi4 #d4 ,a4 ,ed4 he2 ,c4 she 7674 #f4 ,a4 om4 the bef4 poeple4 #i4 ,c4 of 7for or74 #ae4 ,a4 ne encresed4 #ai4 ,a4 parties of the erthe2 ,lat4 parte terrarum4 #bc4 ,c4 remenbred4 #bd1 #bf1 #bi4 ,c4 gentellesse2 ,a4 gentilesse4 #bf4 ,c4 refferred4 #cj4 ,a4 decert2 ,ed4 desertes4 #cb4 ,a4 folweth2 ,c4 folueth4 #cf4 ,c4 inposed4 ,,metre ,,vi4 ,omne hominum genus in terris4 ,al the linage of men that ben in erthe ben of semblable birthe4 ,on allone is fader of thinges4 ,on allone ministreth alle thinges4 ,he yaf to the sonne hise bemes2 he yaf to the mone hir hornes4 ,he yaf the men to the erthe2 he yaf the sterres to the hevene4 ,he encloseth with membres the soules #e that comen fro his hye sete4 ,thanne comen alle mortal folk of noble sede2 why noisen ye or bosten of youre eldres8 ,for yif thou loke your biginninge1 and god your auctor and your maker1 thanne nis ther no forlived wight1 but-yif he norisshe his corage un-to vyces1 and forlete his propre burthe4 #aj ,,me4 ,,vi4 #d4 ,a4 ,ed4 hir hornes2 ,c4 hyse hornes4 #e4 ,c4 menbrys4 #h4 ,ed4 ye loke2 ,lat4 spectes4 _/_/ ,a4 thy 7for #ast your72 ,lat4 uestra4 ,,prose ,,vii4 ,quid autem de corporis uoluptatibus4 ,but what shal ,i seye of delices of body1 of whiche delices the desiringes ben ful of anguissh1 and the fulfillinges of hem ben ful of penaunce8 ,how greet syknesse and how grete sorwes unsufferable1 right as a maner fruit of wikkednesse1 ben thilke delices wont to bringen to the bodies of folk that usen hem6 ,of whiche #e delices ,i not what ,ioye may ben had of hir moevinge4 ,but this wot ,i wel1 that who-so-ever wole remembren him of hise luxures1 he shal wel understonde that the issues of delices ben sorwful and sorye4 ,and yif thilke delices mowen maken folk blisful1 than by the same cause moten thise bestes ben cleped blisful2 #aj of whiche bestes al the entencioun hasteth to fulfille hir bodily ,iolitee4 ,and the gladnesse of wyf and children were an honest thing1 but it hath ben seyd that it is over muchel ayeins kinde1 that children han ben founden tormentours to hir fadres1 ,i not how manye3 of whiche children how bytinge is every condicioun1 #ae it nedeth nat to tellen it thee1 that hast or this tyme assayed it1 and art yit now anguissous4 ,in this approve ,i the sentence of my disciple ,euripidis1 that seyde1 that he that hath no children is weleful by infortune4 ,,pr4 ,,vii4 #ab4 ,a4 om4 an4 #ae4 ,a4 ,ed4 euery2 ,c4 euere4 #ah4 ,ed4 ,euripidis2 ,c4 ,eurydyppys2 ,a4 ,euridippus2 ,lat4 ,euripidis 7gen474 ,,metre ,,vii4 ,habet omnis hoc uoluptas4 ,every delyt hath this1 that it anguissheth hem with prikkes that usen it4 ,it resembleth to thise flyinge flyes that we clepen been1 that1 after that he hath shad hise agreable honies1 he fleeth awey1 and stingeth the hertes1 of hem that ben y-smite1 with bytinge overlonge holdinge4 #e ,,me4 ,,vii4 #a4 ,c4 ,a4 anguisseth4 #c4 ,c4 om4 #bnd that4 _/_/ ,a4 the bee 7for he74 ,,prose ,,viii4 ,nihil igitur dubium est4 ,now is it no doute thanne that thise weyes ne ben a maner misledinges to blisfulnesse1 ne that they ne mowe nat leden folk thider as they biheten to leden hem4 ,but with how grete harmes thise forseyde weyes ben enlaced1 ,i shal shewe thee shortly4 ,for-why yif thou enforcest thee to asemble moneye1 #e thou most bireven him his moneye that hath it4 ,and yif thou wolt shynen with dignitees1 thou most bisechen and supplien hem that yeven tho dignitees4 ,and yif thou coveitest by honour to gon biforn other folk1 thou shalt defoule thy-self thorugh humblesse of axinge4 ,yif thou desirest power1 thou #aj shalt by awaytes of thy subgits anoyously ben cast under manye periles4 ,axest thou glorie8 ,thou shalt ben so destrat by aspre thinges that thou shalt forgoon sikernesse4 ,and yif thou wolt leden thy lyf in delices1 every wight shal despisen thee and forleten thee1 as thou that art thral to thing that is right foul #ae and brotel2 that is to seyn1 servaunt to thy body4 ,now is it thanne wel seen1 how litel and how brotel possessioun they coveiten1 that putten the goodes of the body aboven hir owne resoun4 ,for mayst thou sormounten thise olifaunts in gretnesse or weight of body8 ,or mayst thou ben stronger than the bole8 #bj ,mayst thou ben swifter than the tygre8 ,bihold the spaces and the stablenesse and the swifte cours of the hevene1 and stint som-tyme to wondren on foule thinges2 the which hevene1 certes1 nis nat rather for thise thinges to ben wondred up-on1 than for the resoun by which it is governed4 ,but the shyning of thy #be forme1 that is to seyn1 the beautee of thy body1 how swiftly passinge is it1 and how transitorie2 certes1 it is more flittinge than the mutabilitee of flowers of the somer-sesoun4 ,for so ,aristotle telleth1 that yif that men hadden eyen of a beest that highte lynx1 so that the lokinge of folk mighte percen thorugh the #cj thinges that with-stonden it1 who-so loked thanne in the entrailes of the body of ,alcibiades1 that was ful fayr in the superfice with-oute1 it shold seme right foul4 ,and forthy1 yif thou semest fayr1 thy nature maketh nat that1 but the desceivaunce of the feblesse of the eyen that loken4 ,but preyse the goodes of the #ce body as mochel as ever thee list2 so that thou knowe algates that1 what-so it be1 that is to seyn1 of the goodes of thy body1 which that thou wondrest up-on1 may ben destroyed or dissolved by the hete of a fevere of three dayes4 ,of alle whiche forseyde thinges ,i may reducen this shortly in a somme1 that thise worldly #dj goodes1 whiche that ne mowen nat yeven that they biheten1 ne ben nat parfit by the congregacioun of alle goodes2 that they ne ben nat weyes ne pathes that bringen men to blisfulnesse1 ne maken men to ben blisful4 ,,pr4 ,,viii4 #i4 ,c4 shal4 #aj4 ,a4 by 7for thorugh74 #aa4 ,c4 be 7for by74 _/_/ ,a4 vndir many2 ,c4 ,ed4 vndyr by many2 ,lat4 periculis subiacebis4 #ab4 ,c4 ,a4 destrat2 ,ed4 distracte4 #af4 ,c4 brwtel 7for brotel2 #ast time74 #ai4 ,a4 mayst thou2 ,c4 maysthow4 #bj4 ,c4 weyhty 7674 #cb4 ,c4 in superfyce 7om4 the74 #cd4 ,a4 desceiuaunce of the2 ,ed4 disceyuaunce of2 ,c4 deceyuable or 7674 #cg4 ,a4 the goodes of thi2 ,ed4 the goodes of the2 ,c4 godes of the4 #dj4 ,a4 ,ed4 a somme2 ,c4 om4 a4 _/_/ ,c4 wordly4 #db4 ,c4 ne ne ben4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 by the2 ,c4 om4 the4 #dc4 ,c4 man 7for men2 #ast time74 ,,metre ,,viii4 ,eheu6 quae miseros tramite deuios4 ,allas6 which folye and which ignoraunce misledeth wandringe wrecches fro the path of verray goode6 ,certes1 ye ne seken no gold in grene trees1 ne ye ne gaderen nat precious stones in the vynes1 ne ye ne hyden nat your ginnes in the hye mountaignes to cacchen fish of whiche ye #e may maken riche festes4 ,and yif yow lyketh to hunte to roes1 ye ne gon nat to the fordes of the water that highte ,tyrene4 ,and over this1 men knowen wel the crykes and the cavernes of the see y-hid in the flodes1 and knowen eek which water is most plentivous of whyte perles1 and knowen which water #aj haboundeth most of rede purpre1 that is to seyn1 of a maner shelle-fish with which men dyen purpre2 and knowen which strondes habounden most with tendre fisshes1 or of sharpe fisshes that highten echines4 ,but folk suffren hem-self to ben so blinde1 that hem ne reccheth nat to knowe where thilke goodes ben #ae y-hid whiche that they coveiten1 but ploungen hem in erthe and seken there thilke good that sormounteth the hevene that bereth the sterres4 ,what preyere may ,i maken that be digne to the nyce thoughtes of men8 ,but ,i preye that they coveiten richesse and honours1 so that1 whan they han geten tho false #bj goodes with greet travaile1 that ther-by they mowe knowen the verray goodes4 ,,me4 ,,viii4 #d4 ,a4 om4 nat4 #e4 ,c4 hyye mountaygnes2 ,a4 heyghe mountaignes4 _/_/ ,c4 kachche2 ,a4 kachen2 ,ed4 catchen 7 cacchen74 #f4 ,c4 honte2 ,a4 ,ed4 hunte4 _/_/ ,c4 rooes2 ,ed4 roes2 ,a4 roos4 #h4 ,a4 crikes2 ,ed4 crekes2 ,c4 brykes2 ,lat4 recessus4 #i4 ,a4 ,ed4 in the2 ,c4 om4 the4 #ad4 ,ed4 ,echines2 ,c4 ,a4 echynnys4 #ae4 ,c4 rechcheth2 ,a4 recchith4 _/_/ ,c4 weere 7for where74 ,,prose ,,ix4 ,hactenus mendacis formam4 ,it suffyseth that ,i have shewed hider-to the forme of false welefulnesse1 so that1 yif thou loke now cleerly1 the order of myn entencioun requireth from hennes-forth to shewen thee the verray welefulnesse4' ',for sothe1' quod ,i1 ',i see wel now that suffisaunce may nat #e comen by richesses1 ne power by reames1 ne reverence by dignitees1 ne gentilesse by glorie1 ne ,ioye by delices4' ',and hast thou wel knowen the causes1' quod she1 'why it is8' ',certes1 me semeth1' quod ,i1 'that ,i see hem right as though it were thorugh a litel clifte2 but me were levere knowen hem #aj more openly of thee4' ',certes1' quod she1 'the resoun is al redy4 ,for thilke thing that simply is o thing1 with-outen any devisioun1 the errour and folye of mankinde departeth and devydeth it1 and misledeth it and transporteth from verray and parfit good to goodes that #ae ben false and unparfit4 ,but sey me this4 ,wenest thou that he1 that hath nede of power1 that him ne lakketh no-thing8' ',nay1' quod ,i4 ',certes1' quod she1 'thou seyst a-right4 ,for yif so be that ther is a thing1 that in any partye be febler of power1 certes1 #bj as in that1 it mot nedes ben nedy of foreine help4' ',right so is it1' quod ,i4 ',suffisaunce and power ben thanne of o kinde8' ',so semeth it1' quod ,i4 ',and demest thou1' quod she1 'that a thing that is of this #be manere1 that is to seyn1 suffisaunt and mighty1 oughte ben despysed1 or elles that it be right digne of reverence aboven alle thinges8' ',certes1' quod ,i1 'it nis no doute1 that it is right worthy to ben reverenced4' #cj ',lat us1' quod she1 'adden thanne reverence to suffisaunce and to power1 so that we demen that thise three thinges ben al o thing4' ',certes1' quod ,i1 'lat us adden it1 yif we wolen graunten the sothe4' #ce ',what demest thou thanne8' quod she2 'is that a derk thing and nat noble1 that is suffisaunt1 reverent1 and mighty1 or elles that it is right noble and right cleer by celebritee of renoun8 ,consider thanne1' quod she1 'as we han graunted her-biforn1 that he that ne hath nede of no-thing1 and is most mighty and most digne #dj of honour1 yif him nedeth any cleernesse of renoun1 which cleernesse he mighte nat graunten of him-self1 so that1 for lakke of thilke cleernesse1 he mighte seme the febeler on any syde or the more out-cast8' ,,glose4 ,this is to seyn1 nay2 for who-so that is suffisaunt1 mighty1 and reverent1 cleernesse of renoun folweth #de of the forseyde thinges2 he hath it al redy of his suffisaunce4 ,boece4 ',i may nat1' quod ,i1 'denye it2 but ,i mot graunte as it is1 that this thing be right celebrable by cleernesse of renoun and noblesse4' ',thanne folweth it1' quod she1 'that we adden cleernesse of #ej renoun to the three forseyde thinges1 so that ther ne be amonges hem no difference8' ',this is a consequence1' quod ,i4 ',this thing thanne1' quod she1 'that ne hath nede of no foreine thing1 and that may don alle thinges by hise strengthes1 #ee and that is noble and honourable1 nis nat that a mery thing and a ,ioyful8' ',but whennes1' quod ,i1 'that any sorwe mighte comen to this thing that is swiche1 certes1 ,i may nat thinke4' ',thanne moten we graunte1' quod she1 'that this thing be #fj ful of gladnesse1 yif the forseyde thinges ben sothe2 and certes1 also mote we graunten that suffisaunce1 power1 noblesse1 reverence1 and gladnesse ben only dyverse by names1 but hir substaunce hath no diversitee4' ',it mot needly been so1' quod ,i4 #fe ',thilke thing thanne1' quod she1 'that is oon and simple in his nature1 the wikkednesse of men departeth it and devydeth it2 and whan they enforcen hem to geten partye of a thing that ne hath no part1 they ne geten hem neither thilke partye that nis non1 ne the thing al hool that they ne desire nat4' #gj ',in which manere8' quod ,i4 ',thilke man1' quod she1 'that secheth richesses to fleen povertee1 he ne travaileth him nat for to gete power2 for he hath levere ben derk and vyl2 and eek withdraweth from him-self many naturel delyts1 for he nolde lese the moneye that #ge he hath assembled4 ,but certes1 in this manere he ne geteth him nat suffisaunce that power forleteth1 and that molestie prikketh1 and that filthe maketh out-cast1 and that derkenesse hydeth4 ,and certes1 he that desireth only power1 he wasteth and scatereth richesse1 and despyseth delyts1 and eek honour #hj that is with-oute power1 ne he ne preyseth glorie no-thing4 ,certes1 thus seest thou wel1 that manye thinges faylen to him2 for he hath som-tyme defaute of many necessitees1 and many anguisshes byten him2 and whan he ne may nat don tho defautes a-wey1 he forleteth to ben mighty1 and that is the thing that #he he most desireth4 ,and right thus may ,i maken semblable resouns of honours1 and of glorie1 and of delyts4 ,for so as every of thise forseyde thinges is the same that thise other thinges ben1 that is to seyn1 al oon thing1 who-so that ever seketh to geten that oon of thise1 and nat that other1 he ne #ij geteth nat that he desireth4' ,boece4 ',what seyst thou thanne1 yif that a man coveiteth to geten alle thise thinges to-gider8' ,philosophie4 ',certes1' quod she1 ',i wolde seye1 that he wolde geten him sovereyn blisfulnesse2 but that shal he nat finde in #ie tho thinges that ,i have shewed1 that ne mowen nat yeven that they beheten4' ',certes1 no1' quod ,i4 ',thanne1' quod she1 'ne sholden men nat by no wey seken blisfulnesse in swiche thinges as men wene that they ne mowen #ajj yeven but o thing senglely of alle that men seken4' ',i graunte wel1' quod ,i2 'ne no sother thing ne may ben sayd4' ',now hast thou thanne1' quod she1 'the forme and the causes of false welefulnesse4 ,now torne and flitte the eyen of thy #aje thought2 for ther shalt thou sen anon thilke verray blisfulnesse that ,i have bihight thee4' ',certes1' quod ,i1 'it is cleer and open1 thogh it were to a blinde man2 and that shewedest thou me ful wel a litel her-biforn1 whan thou enforcedest thee to shewe me the causes #aaj of the false blisfulnesse4 ,for but-yif ,i be bigyled1 thanne is thilke the verray blisfulnesse parfit1 that parfitly maketh a man suffisaunt1 mighty1 honourable1 noble1 and ful of gladnesse4 ,and1 for thou shalt wel knowe that ,i have wel understonden thise thinges with-in my herte1 ,i knowe wel that thilke blisfulnesse1 #aae that may verrayly yeven oon of the forseyde thinges1 sin they ben al oon1 ,i knowe1 douteles1 that thilke thing is the fulle blisfulnesse4' ,philosophie4 ',o my norie1' quod she1 'by this opinioun ,i seye that thou art blisful1 yif thou putte this ther-to that ,i #abj shal seyn4' ',what is that8' quod ,i4 ',trowest thou that ther be any thing in thise erthely mortal toumbling thinges that may bringen this estat8' ',certes1' quod ,i1 ',i trowe it naught2 and thou hast shewed #abe me wel that over thilke good ther nis no-thing more to ben desired4' ',thise thinges thanne1' quod she1 'that is to sey1 erthely suffisaunce and power and swiche thinges1 either they semen lykenesses of verray good1 or elles it semeth that they yeve to #acj mortal folk a maner of goodes that ne ben nat parfit2 but thilke good that is verray and parfit1 that may they nat yeven4' ',i acorde me wel1' quod ,i4 ',thanne1' quod she1 'for as mochel as thou hast knowen which is thilke verray blisfulnesse1 and eek whiche thilke thinges #ace ben that lyen falsly blisfulnesse1 that is to seyn1 that by deceite semen verray goodes1 now behoveth thee to knowe whennes and where thou mowe seke thilke verray blisfulnesse4' ',certes1' quod ,i1 'that desire ,i greetly1 and have abiden longe tyme to herknen it4' #adj ',but for as moche1' quod she1 'as it lyketh to my disciple ,plato1 in his book of in ,timeo1 that in right litel thinges men sholden bisechen the help of god1 what iugest thou that be now to done1 so that we may deserve to finde the sete of thilke verray good8' #ade ',certes1' quod ,i1 ',i deme that we shollen clepen the fader of alle goodes2 for with-outen him nis ther no-thing founden a-right4' ',thou seyst a-right1' quod she2 and bigan anon to singen right thus3-- #aej ,,pr4 ,,ix4 #e4 ,a4 om4 sothe and #bnd ,i4 #f4 ,a4 richesse4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 realmes4 #h4 ,a4 hast thou2 ,c4hasthow4 _/_/ ,a4 cause2 ,lat4 caussas4 #af4 ,a4 inparfit4 _/_/ ,c4 ,wenesthow4 #bj4 ,a4 fieble2 ,c4 ,ed4 febler2 ,lat4 imbecillioris ualentiae4 #ba4 ,c4 mot2 ,ed4 mote2 ,a4 most4 #be4 ,c4 demesthow4 #bi4 ,a4 nis 7twice74 #cf4 ,c4 demesthow4 _/_/ ,ed4 derke2 ,c4 dyrk2 ,a4 dirke4 #ch4 ,a4 of 7for by74 #ec4 ,a4 ,and this 7for ,this74 _/_/ ,c4 consequens2 ,ed4 consequence2 ,a4 consequente or consequence4 #ed4 ,c4 hat 7for hath74 _/_/ ,a4 no nede4 #eh4 ,ed4 whence2 ,a4 wenest 7672 ,lat4 unde4 #gb4 ,a4 rychesse4 #gd4 ,ed4 derke2 ,c4 dyrk2 ,a4 dirk4 #ge4 ,c4 delices 7or delites72 ,a4 delitz2 ,ed4 delytes4 #gg4 ,ed4 molestie2 ,c4 ,a4 moleste2 ,lat4 molestia4 #gh4 ,a4 derknesse2 ,c4 dyrkenesse4 #hj4 ,c4 schatereth4 _/_/ ,c4 delytz2 ,a4 delices 7or delites74 #hc4 ,c4 ,ed4 defaute2 ,a4 faute4 #hd4 ,ed4 anguysshes2 ,a4 anguysses2 ,c4 angwyssos4 #hf4 ,a4 semblable2 ,c4 semlable4 #ij4 ,c4 oothre4 #ib4 ,c4 seysthow4 #aja4 ,c4 ,a4 senglely4 #ajd4 ,c4 hasthow4 #ajf4 ,c4 shalthow4 #aji4 ,a4 om4 ful wel4 #aae4 ,c4 ,ed4 that thilke2 ,a4 om4 that4 #aah4 ,a4 the fulle of 7wrongly74 #aai4 ,c4 norye2 ,a4 nurry4 #acj4 ,a4 likenesse2 ,lat4 imagines4 #ada4 ,a4 disciple2 ,c4 dissipule4 #adb4 ,c4 in tymeo2 ,a4 in thimeo2 ,lat4 uti in ,timaeo ,platoni4 #adc4 ,c4 byshechen4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 now4 ,,metre ,,ix4 ,o qui perpetua mundum ratione gubernas4 ',o thou fader1 creator of hevene and of erthes1 that governest this world by perdurable resoun1 that comaundest the tymes to gon from sin that age hadde beginninge2 thou that dwellest thy-self ay stedefast and stable1 and yevest alle othre thinges to ben moeved2 ne foreine causes necesseden thee never to #e compoune werk of floteringe matere1 but only the forme of soverein good y-set with-in thee with-oute envye1 that moevede thee freely4 ,thou that art alder-fayrest1 beringe the faire world in thy thought1 formedest this world to the lyknesse semblable of that faire world in thy thought4 ,thou drawest al thing of #aj thy soverein ensaumpler1 and comaundest that this world1 parfitliche y-maked1 have freely and absolut his parfit parties4 ,thou bindest the elements by noumbres proporcionables1 that the colde thinges mowen acorden with the hote thinges1 and the drye thinges with the moiste thinges2 that the fyr1 that #ae is purest1 ne flee nat over hye1 ne that the hevinesse ne drawe nat adoun over-lowe the erthes that ben plounged in the wateres4 ,thou knittest to-gider the mene sowle of treble kinde1 moevinge alle thinges1 and devydest it by membres acordinge2 and whan it is thus devyded1 it hath asembled a moevinge in-to two #bj roundes2 it goth to torne ayein to him-self1 and envirouneth a ful deep thought1 and torneth the hevene by semblable image4 ,thou by evene-lyke causes enhansest the sowles and the lasse lyves1 and1 ablinge hem heye by lighte cartes1 thou sowest hem in-to hevene and in-to erthe2 and whan they ben converted to #be thee by thy benigne lawe1 thou makest hem retorne ayein to thee by ayein-ledinge fyr4 ,o fader1 yive thou to the thought to styen up in-to thy streite sete1 and graunte him to enviroune the welle of good2 and1 the lighte y-founde1 graunte him to fichen the clere sightes of his #cj corage in thee4 ,and scater thou and to-breke thou the weightes and the cloudes of erthely hevinesse1 and shyne thou by thy brightnesse4 ,for thou art cleernesse2 thou art peysible reste to debonaire folk2 thou thy-self art biginninge1 berer1 leder1 path1 and terme2 to loke on thee1 that is our ende4 #ce ,,me4 ,,ix4 #c4 ,a4 for to gon4 _/_/ ,c4 from sin that2 ,a4 from tyme that2 ,ed4 syth that4 #g4 ,a4 om4 thee after with-in4 #aj4 ,a4 alle thinges4 #aa4 ,a4 comaundedist4 #ab4 ,c4 om4 and absolut4 #ac4 ,a4 ,ed4 proporcionables2 ,c4 porcionables4 #af4 ,a4 fleye 7for flee74 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 drawe2 ,c4 drawen4 #ah4 ,c4 glosses sowle by anima mundi4 #ai4 ,c4 menbres4 #bj4 ,c4 in to two2 ,a4 in two2 ,ed4 in to4 #bb4 ,c4 tornet2 ,a4 tournith4 #bd4 ,c4 ,ed4 sowest2 ,a4 sewest4 #bf4 ,a4 ,ed4 benigne2 ,c4 bygynnynge 7674 #bh4 ,a4 thi thought 7wrongly72 ,c4 has the gloss3 s4 boecii4 _/_/ ,a4 thi streite2 ,ed4 thy strayte2 ,c4 the streite4 #bi4 ,a4 om4 him4 _/_/ ,c4 enuerowne2 ,a4 enuiroune4 #ca4 ,a4 om4 #bnd thou4 #cc4 ,a4 om4 reste4 #cd4 ,c4 paath4 #ce4 ,a4 om4 that4 ,,prose ,x4 ,quoniam igitur quae sit imperfecti4 ,for as moche thanne as thou hast seyn1 which is the forme of good that nis nat parfit1 and which is the forme of good that is parfit1 now trowe ,i that it were good to shewe in what this perfeccioun of blisfulnesse is set4 ,and in this thing1 ,i trowe that we sholden first enquere for to witen1 yif that any swiche #e maner good as thilke good that thou has diffinisshed a litel heer-biforn1 that is to seyn1 soverein good1 may ben founde in the nature of thinges2 for that veyn imaginacioun of thought ne deceyve us nat1 and putte us out of the sothfastnesse of thilke thing that is summitted unto us4 ,but it may nat ben deneyed #aj that thilke good ne is1 and that it nis right as welle of alle goodes4 ,for al thing that is cleped inparfit is proeved inparfit by the amenusinge of perfeccioun or of thing that is parfit4 ,and ther-of comth it1 that in every thing general1 yif that men sen any-thing that is inparfit1 certes1 in thilke general ther mot #ae ben som-thing that is parfit2 for yif so be that perfeccioun is don awey1 men may nat thinke ne seye fro whennes thilke thing is that is cleped inparfit4 ,for the nature of thinges ne took nat hir beginninge of thinges amenused and inparfit1 but it procedeth of thinges that ben al hoole and absolut1 and #bj descendeth so doun in-to outterest thinges1 and in-to thinges empty and with-outen frut4 ,but1 as ,i have y-shewed a litel her-biforn1 that yif ther be a blisfulnesse that be freele and veyn and inparfit1 ther may no man doute that ther nis som blisfulnesse that is sad1 stedefast1 and parfit4' #be ,boece4 ',this is concluded1' quod ,i1 'fermely and sothfastly4' ,philosophie4 ',but considere also1' quod she1 'in wham this blisfulnesse enhabiteth4 ,the comune acordaunce and conceite of the corages of men proeveth and graunteth1 that god1 prince of alle thinges1 is good4 ,for1 so as nothing ne may ben thought #cj bettre than god1 it may nat ben douted thanne that he1 that nothing nis bettre1 that he nis good4 ,certes1 resoun sheweth that god is so good1 that it proveth by verray force that parfit good is in him4 ,for yif god ne is swich1 he ne may nat ben prince of alle thinges2 for certes som-thing possessing in it-self #ce parfit good1 sholde ben more worthy than god1 and it sholde semen that thilke thing were first1 and elder than god4 ,for we han shewed apertly that alle thinges that ben parfit ben first or thinges that ben unparfit2 and for-thy1 for as moche as that my resoun or my proces ne go nat a-wey with-oute an #dj ende1 we owen to graunten that the soverein god is right ful of soverein parfit good4 ,and we han establisshed that the soverein good is verray blisfulnesse3 thanne mot it nedes be1 that verray blisfulnesse is set in soverein god4' ',this take ,i wel1' quod ,i1 'ne this ne may nat ben withseid #de in no manere4' ',but ,i preye1' quod she1 'see now how thou mayst proeven1 holily and with-oute corupcioun1 this that ,i have seyd1 that the soverein god is right ful of soverein good4' ',in which manere8' quod ,i4 #ej ',wenest thou aught1' quod she1 'that this prince of alle thinges have y-take thilke soverein good any-wher out of him-self1 of which soverein good men proveth that he is ful1 right as thou mightest thinken that god1 that hath blisfulnesse in him-self1 and thilke blisfulnesse that is in him1 weren dyvers in #ee substaunce8 ,for yif thou wene that god have received thilke good out of him-self1 thou mayst wene that he that yaf thilke good to god be more worthy than is god4 ,but ,i am bi-knowen and confesse1 and that right dignely1 that god is right worthy aboven alle thinges2 and1 yif so be that this good be in him #fj by nature1 but that it is dyvers fro him by weninge resoun1 sin we speke of god prince of alle thinges3 feigne who-so feigne may1 who was he that hath conioigned thise dyverse thinges to-gider8 ,and eek1 at the laste1 see wel that a thing that is dyvers from any thing1 that thilke thing nis nat that #fe same thing fro which it is understonden to ben dyvers4 ,thanne folweth it1 that thilke thing that by his nature is dyvers fro soverein good1 that that thing nis nat soverein good2 but certes1 that were a felonous corsednesse to thinken that of him that nothing nis more worth4 ,for alwey1 of alle thinges1 the nature #gj of hem ne may nat ben bettre than his biginning2 for which ,i may concluden1 by right verray resoun1 that thilke that is biginning of alle thinges1 thilke same thing is soverein good in his substaunce4' ,boece4 ',thou hast seyd rightfully1' quod ,i4 #ge ,philosophie4 ',but we han graunted1' quod she1 'that the soverein good is blisfulnesse4' ',and that is sooth1' quod ,i4 ',thanne1' quod she1 'moten we nedes graunten and confessen that thilke same soverein good be god4' #hj ',certes1' quod ,i1 ',i ne may nat denye ne withstonde the resouns purposed2 and ,i see wel that it folweth by strengthe of the premisses4' ',loke now1' quod she1 'yif this be proved yit more fermely thus3 that ther ne mowen nat ben two soverein goodes that #he ben dyverse amonge hem-self4 ,for certes1 the goodes that ben dyverse amonges hem-self1 that oon nis nat that that other is2 thanne ne may neither of hem ben parfit1 so as either of hem lakketh to other4 ,but that that nis nat parfit1 men may seen apertly that it nis nat soverein4 ,the thinges1 thanne1 that #ij ben sovereinly goode1 ne mowen by no wey ben dyverse4 ,but ,i have wel concluded that blisfulnesse and god ben the soverein good2 for whiche it mot nedes ben1 that soverein blisfulnesse is soverein divinitee4' ',nothing1' quod ,i1 'nis more soothfast than this1 ne more #ie ferme by resoun2 ne a more worthy thing than god may nat ben concluded4' ',up-on thise thinges thanne1' quod she1 'right as thise geometriens1 whan they han shewed hir proposiciouns1 ben wont to bringen in thinges that they clepen porismes1 or declaraciouns #ajj of forseide thinges1 right so wole ,i yeve thee heer as a corollarie1 or a mede of coroune4 ,for-why1 for as moche as by the getinge of blisfulnesse men ben maked blisful1 and blisfulnesse is divinitee3 thanne is it manifest and open1 that by the getinge of divinitee men ben maked blisful4 ,right as by the getinge #aje of ,iustice they ben maked iust1 and by the getinge of sapience they ben maked wyse3 right so1 nedes1 by the semblable resoun1 whan they han geten divinitee1 they ben maked goddes4 ,thanne is every blisful man god2 but certes1 by nature1 ther nis but o god2 but1 by the participacioun of divinitee1 ther ne let ne #aaj desturbeth nothing that ther ne ben manye goddes4' ',this is1' quod ,i1 'a fair thing and a precious1 clepe it as thou wolt2 be it porisme or corollarie1' or mede of coroune or declaringes4 ',certes1' quod she1 'nothing nis fayrer than is the thing that #aae by resoun sholde ben added to thise forseide thinges4' ',what thing8' quod ,i4 ',so1' quod she1 'as it semeth that blisfulnesse conteneth many thinges1 it were for to witen whether that alle thise thinges maken or conioignen as a maner body of blisfulnesse1 by dyversitee of #abj parties or of membres2 or elles1 yif that any of alle thilke thinges be swich that it acomplisshe by him-self the substaunce of blisfulnesse1 so that alle thise othre thinges ben referred and brought to blisfulnesse1' that is to seyn1 as to the cheef of hem4 ',i wolde1' quod ,i1 'that thou makedest me cleerly to understonde #abe what thou seyst1 and that thou recordedest me the forseyde thinges4' ',have ,i nat iuged1' quod she1 'that blisfulnesse is good8' ',yis1 forsothe1' quod ,i2 'and that soverein good4' ',adde thanne1' quod she1 'thilke good1 that is maked blisfulnesse1 #acj to alle the forseide thinges2 for thilke same blisfulnesse that is demed to ben soverein suffisaunce1 thilke selve is soverein power1 soverein reverence1 soverein cleernesse or noblesse1 and soverein delyt4 ,,conclusio4 ,what seyst thou thanne of alle thise thinges1 that is to seyn1 suffisaunce1 power1 and this othre thinges2 #ace ben they thanne as membres of blisfulnesse1 or ben they referred and brought to soverein good1 right as alle thinges that ben brought to the chief of hem8' ',i understonde wel2' quod ,i1 'what thou purposest to seke2 but ,i desire for to herkne that thou shewe it me4' #adj ',tak now thus the discrecioun of this questioun1' quod she4 ',yif alle thise thinges1' quod she1 'weren membres to felicitee1 than weren they dyverse that oon from that other2 and swich is the nature of parties or of membres1 that dyverse membres compounen a body4' #ade ',certes1' quod ,i1 'it hath wel ben shewed heer-biforn1 that alle thise thinges ben alle o thing4' ',thanne ben they none membres1' quod she2 'for elles it sholde seme that blisfulnesse were conioigned al of on membre allone2 but that is a thing that may nat be don4' #aej ',this thing1' quod ,i1 'nis nat doutous2 but ,i abyde to herknen the remnaunt of thy questioun4' ',this is open and cleer1' quod she1 'that alle othre thinges ben referred and brought to good4 ,for therefore is suffisaunce requered1 for it is demed to ben good2 and forthy is power requered1 #aee for men trowen also that it be good2 and this same thing mowen we thinken and coniecten of reverence1 and of noblesse1 and of delyt4 ,thanne is soverein good the somme and the cause of al that aughte ben desired2 for-why thilke thing that with-holdeth no good in it-self1 ne semblaunce of good1 it ne may nat wel in #afj no manere be desired ne requered4 ,and the contrarie3 for thogh that thinges by hir nature ne ben nat goode1 algates1 yif men wene that ben goode1 yit ben they desired as though that they weren verrayliche goode4 ,and therfor is it that men oughten to wene by right1 that bountee be the soverein fyn1 and the cause #afe of alle the thinges that ben to requeren4 ,but certes1 thilke that is cause for which men requeren any thing1 it semeth that thilke same thing be most desired4 ,as thus3 yif that a wight wolde ryden for cause of hele1 he ne desireth nat so mochel the moevinge to ryden1 as the effect of his hele4 ,now thanne1 sin that #agj alle thinges ben requered for the grace of good1 they ne ben nat desired of alle folk more thanne the same good4 ,but we han graunted that blisfulnesse is that thing1 for whiche that alle thise othre thinges ben desired2 thanne is it thus3 that1 certes1 only blisfulnesse is requered and desired4 ,by whiche thing it sheweth #age cleerly1 that of good and of blisfulnesse is al oon and the same substaunce4' ',i see nat1' quod ,i1 'wherfore that men mighten discorden in this4' ',and we han shewed that god and verray blisfulnesse is al oo #ahj thing4' ',that is sooth1' quod ,i4 ',thanne mowen we conclude sikerly1 that the substaunce of god is set in thilke same good1 and in non other place4 #ahd ,,pr4 ,x4 #f4 ,a4 diffinissed2 ,c4 dyffynnyssed2 ,ed4 diffynished4 #aj4 ,after us1 ,a4 ins4 this is to seyne 7needlessly74 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 denoyed 7error for deneyed72 ,ed4 denyed4 #ab4 ,a4 al2 ,c4 alle4 #ad4 ,c4 ther-of2 ,a4 ,ed4 her-of4 _/_/ ,c4 comht 7for comth74 #bj4 ,c4 absolut1 i4 laws4 #ba4 ,c4 dessendeth4 #bh4 ,c4 conseite2 ,a4 conceite4 #ca4 ,a4 om4 he that4 #cb4 ,a4 is bettre4 #ce4 ,c4 ,ed4 it-self2 ,a4 hym self4 #cf4 ,a4 om4 it4 #ci4 ,a4 inperfit4 #dj4 ,c4 as that2 ,a4 om4 that4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 proces2 ,c4 processes4 #da4 owen ,a4 ought4 #dd4 ,a4 om4 that 444 is4 #ej4 ,a4 om4 ,in which 444 ,i4 #ea4 ,c4 ,wenesthow awht4 #ef4 ,a4 receyued2 ,c4 resseyud4 #eh4 ,a4 goode 7for worthy74 #fa4 ,a4 it is2 ,c4 is is 7sic74 _/_/ fro him ,a4 om4 him4 #fc4 ,a4 om4 hath4 #gj4 ,a4 ,ed4 nis2 ,c4 is4 #gc4 ,a4 om4 soverein4 #hd4 ,a4 om4 yit4 #hf1 #hg4 ,a4 om4 ,for certes 444 hem-self4 _/_/ ,c4 othre4 #hh4 ,a4 om4 ne4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 ,ed4 mowen2 read may4 #ij4 ,a4 ,ed4 nis2 ,c4 is4 #ajf4 ,i supply they ben maked iust2 ,lat4 iusti4 #aaj4 ,c4 by thy 7wrongly72 ,a4 ,ed4 by the4 #aai4 ,a4 witen2 ,c4 whyten4 _/_/ ,c4 wheyther that2 ,a4 om4 that4 _/_/ ,a4 thise2 ,c4 this4 #abj4 ,a4 ,ed4 by2 ,c4 be4 #aba4 ,c4 or of2 ,a4 om4 of4 #abb4 ,ed4 accomplysshe2 ,c4 acomplyse2 ,a4 acomplise4 #abf4 ,a4 recordest4 #acd4 ,c4 om4 thise4 #ada4 ,ed4 discrecion2 ,a4 discressioun2 ,c4 descressioun4 #adc4 ,c4 swhych4 #aeg4 ,c4 coniecten2 ,a4 coneiten2 ,lat4 coniectare4 #aei4 ,c4 awht2 ,a4 aught4 #afa4 ,a4 requered2 ,c4 required4 #aga4 ,a4 requered2 ,c4 required4 #agf4 ,c4 of good2 ,a4 om4 of2 ,lat4 boni4 ,,metre ,x4 ,huc omnes pariter uenite capti4 ,o cometh alle to-gider now1 ye that ben y-caught and y-bounde with wikkede cheynes1 by the deceivable delyt of erthely thinges enhabitinge in your thought6 ,heer shal ben the reste of your labours1 heer is the havene stable in peysible quiete2 this allone is the open refut to wrecches4 ,,glosa4 ,this is to seyn1 that ye #e that ben combred and deceived with worldely affecciouns1 cometh now to this soverein good1 that is god1 that is refut to hem that wolen comen to him4 ,,textus4 ,alle the thinges that the river ,tagus yeveth yow with his goldene gravailes1 or elles alle the thinges that the river ,hermus yeveth with his rede brinke1 or that ,indus #aj yeveth1 that is next the hote party of the world1 that medleth the grene stones with the whyte1 ne sholde nat cleeren the lookinge of your thought1 but hyden rather your blinde corages with-in hir derknesse4 ,al that lyketh yow heer1 and excyteth and moeveth your thoughtes1 the erthe hath norisshed it in hise lowe caves4 #ae ,but the shyninge1 by whiche the hevene is governed and whennes he hath his strengthe1 that eschueth the derke overthrowinge of the sowle2 and who-so may knowen thilke light of blisfulnesse1 he shal wel seyn1 that the whyte bemes of the sonne ne ben nat cleer4' #bj ,,me4 ,x4 #c4 ,a4 ,ed4 ,here2 ,c4 ,he4 #f4 ,a4 deceyued2 ,c4 desseyued4 #aj4 ,a4 ,ed4 ,hermus2 ,c4 ,herynus 7674 #ab4 ,c4 grene stones1 i4 smaragdes2 with the whyte1 i4 margaretes4 #ad4 ,ed4 derkenesse2 ,c4 dyrknesse4 #af4 ,a4 by the whiche4 #ag4 ,c4 eschueth2 ,a4 chaseth2 ,lat4 uitat4 _/_/ ,a4 derke2 ,c4 dyrke4 ,,prose ,,xi4 ,assentior1 inquam4 ,boece4 ',i assente me1' quod ,i2 'for alle thise thinges ben strongly bounden with right ferme resouns4' ,philosophie4 ',how mochel wilt thou preysen it1' quod she1 'yif that thou knowe what thilke good is8' ',i wol preyse it1' quod ,i1 'by prys with-outen ende1 yif it shal #e bityde me to knowe also to-gider god that is good4' ',certes1' quod she1 'that shal ,i do thee by verray resoun1 yif that tho thinges that ,i have concluded a litel her-biforn dwellen only in hir first graunting4' ',they dwellen graunted to thee1' quod ,i2 this is to seyn1 as #aj who seith3 ,i graunte thy forseide conclusiouns4 ',have ,i nat shewed thee1' quod she1 'that the thinges that ben requered of many folkes ne ben nat verray goodes ne parfite1 for they ben dyverse that oon fro that othre2 and so as ech of hem is lakkinge to other1 they ne han no power to bringen a good that #ae is ful and absolut8 ,but thanne at erst ben they verray good1 whanne they ben gadered to-gider alle in-to o forme and in-to oon wirkinge1 so that thilke thing that is suffisaunce1 thilke same be power1 and reverence1 and noblesse1 and mirthe2 and forsothe1 but-yif alle thise thinges ben alle oon same thing1 they ne han nat #bj wherby that they mowen ben put in the noumber of thinges that oughten ben requered or desired4' ',it is shewed1' quod ,i2 'ne her-of may ther no man douten4' ',the thinges thanne1' quod she1 'that ne ben no goodes whanne they ben dyverse1 and whan they beginnen to ben alle #be oon thing thanne ben they goodes1 ne comth it hem nat thanne by the getinge of unitee1 that they ben maked goodes8' ',so it semeth1' quod ,i4 ',but al thing that is good1' quod she1 'grauntest thou that it be good by the participacioun of good1 or no8' #cj ',i graunte it1' quod ,i4 ',thanne most thou graunten1' quod she1 'by semblable resoun1 that oon and good be oo same thing4 ,for of thinges1 of whiche that the effect nis nat naturelly diverse1 nedes the substance mot be oo same thing4' #ce ',i ne may nat denye that1' quod ,i4 ',hast thou nat knowen wel1' quod she1 'that al thing that is hath so longe his dwellinge and his substaunce as longe as it is oon2 but whan it forleteth to ben oon1 it mot nedes dyen and corumpe to-gider8' #dj ',in which manere8' quod ,i4 ',right as in bestes1' quod she1 'whan the sowle and the body ben conioigned in oon and dwellen to-gider1 it is cleped a beest4 ,and whan hir unitee is destroyed by the disseveraunce of that oon from that other1 than sheweth it wel that it is a ded thing1 and #de that it nis no lenger no beest4 ,and the body of a wight1 whyl it dwelleth in oo forme by coniunccioun of membres1 it is wel seyn that it is a figure of man-kinde4 ,and yif the parties of the body ben so devyded and dissevered1 that oon fro that other1 that they destroyen unitee1 the body forleteth to ben that #ej it was biforn4 ,and1 who-so wolde renne in the same manere by alle thinges1 he sholde seen that1 with-oute doute1 every thing is in his substaunce as longe as it is oon2 and whan it forleteth to ben oon1 it dyeth and perissheth4' ',whan ,i considere1' quod ,i1 'manye thinges1 ,i see non other4' #ee ',is ther any-thing thanne1' quod she1 'that1 in as moche as it liveth naturelly1 that forleteth the talent or appetyt of his beinge1 and desireth to come to deeth and to corupcioun8' ',yif ,i considere1' quod ,i1 'the beestes that han any maner nature of wilninge and of nillinge1 ,i ne finde no beest1 but-yif #fj it be constreined fro with-oute forth1 that forleteth or despyseth the entencioun to liven and to duren1 or that wole1 his thankes1 hasten him to dyen4 ,for every beest travaileth him to deffende and kepe the savacioun of his lyf1 and eschueth deeth and destruccioun4 #fe ,but certes1 ,i doute me of herbes and of trees1 that is to seyn1 that ,i am in a doute of swiche thinges as herbes or trees1 that ne han no felinge sowles1 ne no naturel wirkinges servinge to appetytes as bestes han1 whether they han appetyt to dwellen and to duren4' #gj ',certes1' quod she1 'ne ther-of thar thee nat doute4 ,now loke up-on thise herbes and thise trees2 they wexen first in swiche places as ben covenable to hem1 in whiche places they ne mowen nat sone dyen ne dryen1 as longe as hir nature may deffenden hem4 ,for som of hem waxen in feeldes1 and som #ge in mountaignes1 and othre waxen in mareys1 and othre cleven on roches1 and somme waxen plentivous in sondes2 and yif that any wight enforce him to beren hem in-to othre places1 they wexen drye4 ,for nature yeveth to every thing that that is convenient to him1 and travaileth that they ne dye nat1 as #hj longe as they han power to dwellen and to liven4 ,what woltow seyn of this1 that they drawen alle hir norisshinges by hir rotes1 right as they hadden hir mouthes y-plounged with-in the erthes1 and sheden by hir maryes hir wode and hir bark8 ,and what woltow seyn of this1 that thilke thing that is right softe1 as the #he marye is1 that is alwey hid in the sete1 al with-inne1 and that is defended fro with-oute by the stedefastnesse of wode2 and that the uttereste bark is put ayeins the destemperaunce of the hevene1 as a defendour mighty to suffren harm8 ,and thus1 certes1 maystow wel seen how greet is the diligence of nature2 #ij for alle thinges renovelen and puplisshen hem with seed y-multiplyed2 ne ther nis no man that ne wot wel that they ne ben right as a foundement and edifice1 for to duren nat only for a tyme1 but right as for to duren perdurably by generacioun4 ,and the thinges eek that men wenen ne haven none sowles1 #ie ne desire they nat ech of hem by semblable resoun to kepen that is hirs1 that is to seyn1 that is acordinge to hir nature in conservacioun of hir beinge and enduringe8 ,for wher-for elles bereth lightnesse the flaumbes up1 and the weighte presseth the erthe a-doun1 but for as moche as thilke places and thilke #ajj moevinges ben covenable to everich of hem8 ,and forsothe every thing kepeth thilke that is acordinge and propre to him1 right as thinges that ben contraries and enemys corompen hem4 ,and yit the harde thinges1 as stones1 clyven and holden hir parties to-gider right faste and harde1 and deffenden hem in #aje withstondinge that they ne departe nat lightly a-twinne4 ,and the thinges that ben softe and fletinge1 as is water and eyr1 they departen lightly1 and yeven place to hem that breken or devyden hem2 but natheles1 they retornen sone ayein in-to the same thinges fro whennes they ben arraced4 ,but fyr fleeth #aaj and refuseth al devisioun4 ,ne ,i ne trete nat heer now of wilful moevinges of the sowle that is knowinge1 but of the naturel entencioun of thinges1 as thus3 right as we swolwe the mete that we receiven and ne thinke nat on it1 and as we drawen our breeth in slepinge that we wite it nat whyle we #aae slepen4 ,for certes1 in the beestes1 the love of hir livinges ne of hir beinges ne comth nat of the wilninges of the sowle1 but of the biginninges of nature4 ,for certes1 thorugh constreininge causes1 wil desireth and embraceth ful ofte tyme the deeth that nature dredeth2 that is to seyn as thus3 that a man may #abj ben constreyned so1 by som cause1 that his wil desireth and taketh the deeth which that nature hateth and dredeth ful sore4 ,and somtyme we seeth the contrarye1 as thus3 that the wil of a wight destorbeth and constreyneth that that nature desireth and requereth al-wey1 that is to seyn1 the werk of generacioun1 #abe by the whiche generacioun only dwelleth and is sustened the long durabletee of mortal thinges4 ,and thus this charitee and this love1 that every thing hath to him-self1 ne comth nat of the moevinge of the sowle1 but of the entencioun of nature4 ,for the purviaunce of god hath #acj yeven to thinges that ben creat of him this1 that is a ful gret cause to liven and to duren2 for which they desiren naturelly hir lyf as longe as ever they mowen4 ,for which thou mayst nat drede1 by no manere1 that alle the thinges that ben anywhere1 that they ne requeren naturelly the ferme #ace stablenesse of perdurable dwellinge1 and eek the eschuinge of destruccioun4' ,boece4 ',now confesse ,i wel1' quod ,i1 'that ,i see now wel certeinly1 with-oute doutes1 the thinges that whylom semeden uncertain to me4' #adj ',but1' quod she1 'thilke thing that desireth to be and to dwellen perdurably1 he desireth to ben oon2 for yif that that oon were destroyed1 certes1 beinge ne shulde ther non dwellen to no wight4' ',that is sooth1' quod ,i4 #ade ',thanne1' quod she1 'desiren alle thinges oon8' ',i assente1' quod ,i4 ',and ,i have shewed1' quod she1 'that thilke same oon is thilke that is good8' ',ye1 for sothe1' quod ,i4 #aej ',alle thinges thanne1' quod she1 'requiren good2 and thilke good thanne mayst thou descryven right thus3 good is thilke thing that every wight desireth4' ',ther ne may be thought1' quod ,i1 'no more verray thing4 ,for either alle thinges ben referred and brought to nought1 #aee and floteren with-oute governour1 despoiled of oon as of hir propre heved2 or elles1 yif ther be any thing to which that alle thinges tenden and hyen1 that thing moste ben the soverein good of alle goodes4' ,thanne seyde she thus3 ',o my nory1' quod she1 ',i have #afj gret gladnesse of thee2 for thou hast ficched in thyn herte the middel soothfastnesse1 that is to seyn1 the prikke2 but this thing hath ben descovered to thee1 in that thou seydest that thou wistest nat a litel her-biforn4' ',what was that8' quod ,i4 #afe ',that thou ne wistest nat1' quod she1 'which was the ende of thinges2 and certes1 that is the thing that every wight desireth2 and for as mochel as we han gadered and comprehended that good is thilke thing that is desired of alle1 thanne moten we nedes confessen1 that good is the fyn of alle thinges4 #agj ,,pr4 ,,xi4 #c4 ,c4 wylthow4 #e4 ,c4 preys2 ,a4 ,ed4 price4 #f4 ,a4 ,ed4 bytyde2 ,c4 betydde4 #g4 ,c4 om4 that4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 resoun2 ,c4 resouns2 ,lat4 ratione4 #ag4 ,c4 in on2 ,a4 in to oon2 ,ed4 in to one4 #bc4 ,c4 om4 ther4 #bi4 ,c4 grauntisthow4 #cb4 ,ed4 muste thou2 ,c4 mosthow2 ,a4 mayst thou4 _/_/ ,ed4 semblable2 ,a4 sembleable2 ,c4 semlable4 #cg4 ,c4 ,hasthow4 #dc4 ,a4 conioigned2 ,c4 conioigne4 #dd4 ,a4 disseueraunce2 ,c4 desseueraunce2 after which ,c4 ,a4 om4 of1 which ,ed4 retains4 #ea4 ,a4 ,ed4 who so2 ,c4 who4 #ed4 ,ed4 perissheth2 ,c4 periseth2 ,a4 perissith4 #fj4 ,c4 wylnynge2 ,a4 ,ed4 willynge4 #fb4 ,a4 om4 the entencioun4 #fd4 ,c4 om4 and bef4 eschueth4 #fh4 ,a4 soule4 #fi4 ,a4 ,ed4 appetite2 ,c4 apetid4 #gf4 ,ed4 mareys2 ,a4 mareis2 ,c4 marys4 _/_/ ,a4 has here lost a leaf1 from and othre to past end of ,met4 xi4 #hd4 ,c4 maryes1 i4 medulle4 #hf4 ,ed4 seete2 ,c4 feete 7672 ,lat4 sede4 #hg4 ,ed4 is2 ,c4 is is 7sic74 _/_/ ,c4 stidefastnesse4 #hh4 ,c4 om4 the bef4 destemperaunce2 ,ed4 has it4 #ia4 ,c4 pupllisen2 ,ed4 publysshen4 #id4 ,ed4 perdurably2 ,c4 perdurablely4 #ajc4 ,ed4 corrumpen4 #ajf4 ,ed4 om4 nat lightly 444 departen4 _/_/ ,c4 a twyne4 #aaj4 ,ed4 araced4 _/_/ ,ed4 fleeth and2 ,c4 and 7om4 fleeth72 ,lat4 refugit4 #aab4 ,ed4 wylful2 ,c4 weleful2 ,lat4 uoluntariis4 #aad4 ,ed4 receyuen2 ,c4 resseyuen4 #aaf4 ,ed4 slepen2 ,c4 slepyt4 #abg4 ,ed4 durabylite4 #adb4 ,ed4 perdurablye2 ,c4 perdurablely4 #aeb4 ,ed4 thou2 ,c4 om4 _/_/ ,ed4 discryuen4 #afa4 ,c4 fichched2 ,ed4 fyxed4 #afc4 ,ed4 discouered4 #afe4 ,ed4 is that 7for was that74 ,,metre ,,xi4 ,quisquis profunda mente uestigat uerum4 ,who-so that seketh sooth by a deep thoght1 and coveiteth nat to ben deceived by no mis-weyes1 lat him rollen and trenden with-inne him-self the light of his inward sighte2 and lat him gadere ayein1 enclyninge in-to a compas1 the longe moevinges of his thoughtes2 and lat him techen his corage that he hath #e enclosed and hid in his tresors1 al that he compasseth or seketh fro with-oute4 ,and thanne thilke thinge1 that the blake cloude of errour whylom hadde y-covered1 shal lighten more cleerly thanne ,phebus him-self ne shyneth4 ,,glosa4 ,who-so wole seken the deep grounde of sooth in his #aj thought1 and wol nat be deceived by false proposiciouns that goon amis fro the trouthe1 lat him wel examine and rolle with-inne him-self the nature and the propretees of the thing2 and lat him yit eftsones examine and rollen his thoughtes by good deliberacioun1 or that he deme2 and lat him techen his sowle that it hath1 by natural #ae principles kindeliche y-hid with-in it-self1 alle the trouthe the whiche he imagineth to ben in thinges with-oute4 ,and thanne alle the derknesse of his misknowinge shal seme more evidently to sighte of his understondinge thanne the sonne ne semeth to sighte with-oute-forth4 #bj ,for certes the body1 bringinge the weighte of foryetinge1 ne hath nat chased out of your thoughte al the cleernesse of your knowinge2 for certeinly the seed of sooth haldeth and clyveth with-in your corage1 and it is awaked and excyted by the winde and by the blastes of doctrine4 ,for wherfor elles demen ye of #be your owne wil the rightes1 whan ye ben axed1 but-yif so were that the norisshinge of resoun ne livede y-plounged in the depthe of your herte8 this is to seyn1 how sholden men demen the sooth of any thing that were axed1 yif ther nere a rote of soothfastnesse that were y-plounged and hid in naturel principles1 the whiche soothfastnesse #cj lived with-in the deepnesse of the thought4 ,and yif so be that the ,muse and the doctrine of ,plato singeth sooth1 al that every wight lerneth1 he ne doth no-thing elles thanne but recordeth1 as men recorden thinges that ben foryeten4' ,,me4 ,,xi4 #b4 ,ed4 om4 nat4 _/_/ ,ed4 treaten 7for trenden74 #ah4 ,ed4 derknesse2 ,c4 dyrknesse4 _/_/ ,ed4 seme2 ,c4 seen 7but note semeth below74 #bd4 ,ed4 wyndes4 #bf4 ,ed4 asked4 #bg4 ,ed4 norisshyng2 ,c4 noryssynges2 ,lat4 fomes4 #bi4 ,ed4 asked4 #cj4 ,ed4 naturel2 ,c4 the nature 7sic74 ,,prose ,,xii4 ,tum ego1 ,platoni1 inquam4 ,thanne seide ,i thus3 ',i acorde me gretly to ,plato1 for thou remembrest and recordest me thise thinges yit the secounde tyme2 that is to seyn1 first whan ,i loste my memorie by the contagious coniunccioun of the body with the sowle2 and eftsones afterward1 whan ,i loste it1 confounded by the charge and #e by the burdene of my sorwe4' ,and thanne seide she thus3 'yif thou loke1' quod she1 'first the thinges that thou hast graunted1 it ne shal nat ben right fer that thou ne shalt remembren thilke thing that thou seydest that thou nistest nat4' #aj ',what thing8' quod ,i4 ',by whiche governement1' quod she1 'that this world is governed4' ',me remembreth it wel1' quod ,i2 'and ,i confesse wel that ,i ne wiste it naught4 ,but al-be-it so that ,i see now from a-fer #ae what thou purposest1 algates1 ,i desire yit to herkene it of thee more pleynly4' ',thou ne wendest nat1' quod she1 'a litel her-biforn1 that men sholden doute that this world nis governed by god4' ',certes1' quod ,i1 'ne yit ne doute ,i it naught1 ne ,i nel never #bj wene that it were to doute2 as who seith1 but ,i wot wel that god governeth this world2 and ,i shal shortly answeren thee by what resouns ,i am brought to this4 ,this world1' quod ,i1 'of so manye dyverse and contrarious parties1 ne mighte never han ben assembled in o forme1 but-yif ther nere oon that conioignede so #be manye dyverse thinges2 and the same dyversitee of hir natures1 that so discorden that oon fro that other1 moste departen and unioignen the thinges that ben conioigned1 yif ther ne were oon that contenede that he hath conioined and y-bounde4 ,ne the certein ordre of nature ne sholde nat bringe forth so ordenee #cj moevinges1 by places1 by tymes1 by doinges1 by spaces1 by qualitees1 yif ther ne were oon that were ay stedefast dwellinge1 that ordeynede and disponede thise dyversitees of moevinges4 ,and thilke thing1 what-so-ever it be1 by which that alle thinges ben y-maked and y-lad1 ,i clepe him god2 that is a word that #ce is used to alle folk4' ,thanne seyde she3 'sin thou felest thus thise thinges1' quod she1 ',i trowe that ,i have litel more to done that thou1 mighty of welefulnesse1 hool and sounde1 ne see eftsones thy contree4 ,but lat us loken the thinges that we han purposed her-biforn4 #dj ,have ,i nat noumbred and seyd1' quod she1 'that suffisaunce is in blisfulnesse1 and we han acorded that god is thilke same blisfulnesse8' ',yis1 forsothe1' quod ,i4 ',and that1 to governe this world1' quod she1 'ne shal he never #de han nede of non help fro with-oute8 ,for elles1 yif he hadde nede of any help1 he ne sholde nat have no ful suffisaunce8' ',yis1 thus it mot nedes be1' quod ,i4 ',thanne ordeineth he by him-self al-one alle thinges8' quod she4 ',that may nat be deneyed1' quod ,i4 #ej ',and ,i have shewed that god is the same good8' ',it remembreth me wel1' quod ,i4 ',thanne ordeineth he alle thinges by thilke good1' quod she2 'sin he1 which that we han acorded to be good1 governeth alle thinges by him-self2 and he is as a keye and a stere by which #ee that the edifice of this world is y-kept stable and with-oute coroumpinge4' ',i acorde me greetly1' quod ,i2 'and ,i aperceivede a litel her-biforn that thou woldest seye thus2 al-be-it so that it were by a thinne suspecioun4' #fj ',i trowe it wel1' quod she2 'for1 as ,i trowe1 thou ledest now more ententifly thyne eyen to loken the verray goodes4 ,but natheles the thing that ,i shal telle thee yit ne sheweth nat lasse to loken4' ',what is that8' quod ,i4 #fe ',so as men trowen1' quod she1 'and that rightfully1 that god governeth alle thinges by the keye of his goodnesse1 and alle thise same thinges1 as ,i have taught thee1 hasten hem by naturel entencioun to comen to good3 ther may no man douten that they ne be governed voluntariely1 and that they ne converten hem of #gj hir owne wil to the wil of hir ordenour1 as they that ben acordinge and enclyninge to hir governour and hir king4' ',it mot nedes be so1' quod ,i2 'for the reaume ne sholde nat semen blisful yif ther were a yok of misdrawinges in dyverse parties2 ne the savinge of obedient thinges ne sholde nat be4' #ge ',thanne is ther nothing1' quod she1 'that kepeth his nature1 that enforceth him to goon ayein god8' ',no1' quod ,i4 ',and yif that any-thing enforcede him to with-stonde god1 mighte it availen at the laste ayeins him1 that we han graunted to #hj ben almighty by the right of blisfulnesse8' ',certes1' quod ,i1 'al-outrely it ne mighte nat availen him4' ',thanne is ther no-thing1' quod she1 'that either wole or may with-stonden to this soverein good8' ',i trowe nat1' quod ,i4 #he ',thanne is thilke the soverein good1' quod she1 'that alle thinges governeth strongly1 and ordeyneth hem softely4' ,thanne seyde ,i thus3 ',i delyte me1' quod ,i1 'nat only in the endes or in the somme of the resouns that thou hast concluded and proeved1 but thilke wordes that thou usest delyten me moche #ij more2 so1 at the laste1 fooles that sumtyme renden grete thinges oughten ben ashamed of hem-self2' that is to seyn1 that we fooles that reprehenden wikkedly the thinges that touchen goddes governaunce1 we oughten ben ashamed of our-self3 as ,i1 that seyde that god refuseth only the werkes of men1 and ne entremeteth nat of #ie hem4 ',thou hast wel herd1' quod she1 'the fables of the poetes1 how the giaunts assaileden the hevene with the goddes2 but forsothe1 the debonair force of god deposede hem1 as it was worthy2 that is to seyn1 destroyede the giaunts1 as it was worthy4 ,but wilt #ajj thou that we ioignen to-gider thilke same resouns8 ,for per-aventure1 of swich coniuncioun may sterten up som fair sparkle of sooth4' ',do1' quod ,i1 'as thee liste4' ',wenest thou1' quod she1 'that god ne be almighty8 ,no man #aje is in doute of it4' ',certes1' quod ,i1 'no wight ne douteth it1 yif he be in his minde4' ',but he1' quod she1 'that is almighty1 ther nis nothing that he ne may8' #aaj ',that is sooth1' quod ,i4 ',may god don yvel8' quod she4 ',nay1 forsothe1' quod ,i4 ',thanne is yvel nothing1' quod she1 'sin that he ne may nat don yvel that may don alle thinges4' #aae ',scornest thou me8' quod ,i2 'or elles pleyest thou or deceivest thou me1 that hast so woven me with thy resouns the hous of ,dedalus1 so entrelaced that it is unable to be unlaced2 thou that other-whyle entrest ther thou issest1 and other-whyle issest ther thou entrest1 ne foldest thou nat to-gider1 by replicacioun of #abj wordes1 a maner wonderful cercle or environinge of the simplicitee devyne8 ,for certes1 a litel her-biforn1 whan thou bigunne at blisfulnesse1 thou seydest that it is soverein good2 and seydest that it is set in soverein god2 and seydest that god him-self is soverein good2 and that god is the fulle blisfulnesse2 for which #abe thou yave me as a covenable yift1 that is to seyn1 that no wight nis blisful but-yif he be god also ther-with4 ,and seidest eek1 that the forme of good is the substaunce of god and of blisfulnesse2 and seidest1 that thilke same oon is thilke same good1 that is requered and desired of alle the kinde of thinges4 ,and thou #acj proevedest1 in disputinge1 that god governeth all the thinges of the world by the governements of bountee1 and seydest1 that alle thinges wolen obeyen to him2 and seydest1 that the nature of yvel nis no-thing4 ,and thise thinges ne shewedest thou nat with none resouns y-taken fro with-oute1 but by proeves in cercles and hoomlich #ace knowen2 the whiche proeves drawen to hem-self hir feith and hir acord1 everich of hem of other4' ,thanne seyde she thus3 ',i ne scorne thee nat1 ne pleye1 ne deceive thee2 but ,i have shewed thee the thing that is grettest over alle thinges by the yift of god1 that we whylom preyeden4 #adj ,for this is the forme of the devyne substaunce1 that is swich that it ne slydeth nat in-to outterest foreine thinges1 ne ne receiveth no straunge thinges in him2 but right as ,parmenides seyde in ,greek of thilke devyne substaunce2 he seyde thus3 that thilke devyne substaunce torneth the world and the moevable cercle of #ade thinges1 whyl thilke devyne substaunce kepeth it-self with-oute moevinge2 that is to seyn1 that it ne moeveth never-mo1 and yit it moeveth alle othre thinges4 ,but natheles1 yif ,i have stired resouns that ne ben nat taken fro with-oute the compas of thing of which we treten1 but resouns that ben bistowed with-in that compas1 #aej ther nis nat why that thou sholdest merveilen2 sin thou hast lerned by the sentence of ,plato1 that nedes the wordes moten be cosines to the thinges of which they speken4 ,,pr4 ,,xii4 #b4 ,a4 begins again with the seconde tyme4 #d4 ,a4 coniunccioun2 ,c4 coniuncsioun4 #ab4 ,c4 wordyl 7for world74 #ai4 ,c4 world nis2 ,ed4 ,a4 worlde is4 #bf4 ,a4 om4 dyverse4 #bg4 ,a4 discordeden4 #cj4 ,c4 ordene2 ,a4 ordinee4 #ca4 ,a4 ,ed4 spaces2 ,c4 splaces 7674 #cb4 ,c4 stidefast2 ,a4 stedfast4 #ce4 ,ed4 ymaked2 ,c4 ,a4 maked4 #dj4 ,a4 han2 ,c4 ha 7for ha74 #dg4 ,a4 om4 no4 #ej4 ,c4 denoyed 7for deneyed72 ,a4 ,ed4 denied4 #ee4 ,a4 ,ed4 om4 as2 ,lat4 ueluti4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 stiere 7better stere74 #eg4 ,a4 corumpynge4 #fc4 ,a4 natheles2 ,c4 natles4 #hb4 ,c4 hem2 ,a4 ,ed4 hym4 #hd4 ,a4 this2 ,c4 ,ed4 his4 #ic4 ,c4 reprehendnen4 #if4 ,a4 hem2 ,c4 ,ed4 it4 #ii4 ,c4 desposede2 ,a4 ,ed4 disposed2 read deposed2 ,lat4 deposuit4 #ajj4 ,a4 wilt2 ,ed4 wylte2 ,c4 wil4 #aje4 ,c4 ,ed4 be2 ,a4 is4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 ,no man2 ,c4 non4 #ajg4 ,a4 ,ed4 if he2 ,c4 yif it4 #aaj4 ,a4 may do4 #aaf4 ,c4 scornesthow 444 pleyesthow 444 desseyuesthow4 #aah4 ,ed4 ,dedalus2 ,c4 dydalus2 ,a4 didalus4 #aai4 ,c4 ,a4 issest2 ,ed4 issuest4 #abj4 ,c4 fooldesthow4 #abe4 ,c4 fulle the2 ,a4 the ful2 ,lat4 plenam beatitudinem4 #abg4 ,ed4 god 7,deus72 ,c4 ,a4 good4 #acb4 ,a4 bountee2 ,c4 bowonte4 #aci4 ,c4 ,a4 desseyue4 #adb4 ,c4 resseiueth4 #adc4 ,c4 aparmanides2 ,ed4 ,permenides2 ,a4 parmaynws2 ,lat4 ,parmenides4 #adh4 ,c4 ,ed4 styred2 ,a4 stered4 ,,metre ,,xii4 ,felix1 qui potuit boni4 ,blisful is that man that may seen the clere welle of good2 blisful is he that may unbinden him fro the bondes of the hevy erthe4 ,the poete of ,trace1 ,orpheus1 that whylom hadde right greet sorwe for the deeth of his wyf1 after that he hadde maked1 by his weeply songes1 the wodes1 moevable1 to rennen2 and hadde maked the #e riveres to stonden stille2 and hadde maked the hertes and the hindes to ioignen1 dredeles1 hir sydes to cruel lyouns1 for to herknen his songe2 and hadde maked that the hare was nat agast of the hounde1 which that was plesed by his songe3 so1 whan the moste ardaunt love of his wif brende the entrailes of his brest1 ne the #aj songes that hadden overcomen alle thinges ne mighten nat asswagen hir lord ,orpheus1 he pleynede him of the hevene goddes that weren cruel to him2 he wente him to the houses of helle4 ,and there he temprede hise blaundisshinge songes by resowninge strenges1 and spak and song in wepinge al that ever he hadde #ae received and laved out of the noble welles of his moder ,calliope the goddesse2 and he song with as mochel as he mighte of wepinge1 and with as moche as love1 that doublede his sorwe1 mighte yeve him and techen him2 and he commoevede the helle1 and requerede and bisoughte by swete preyere the lordes of sowles #bj in helle1 of relesinge2 that is to seyn1 to yilden him his wyf4 ,cerberus1 the porter of helle1 with his three hevedes1 was caught and al abayst for the newe song2 and the three goddesses1 ,furies1 and vengeresses of felonyes1 that tormenten and agasten the sowles by anoy1 woxen sorwful and sory1 and wepen teres for pitee4 #be ,tho ne was nat the heved of ,ixion y-tormented by the overthrowinge wheel2 and ,tantalus1 that was destroyed by the woodnesse of longe thurst1 despyseth the flodes to drinke2 the fowl that highte voltor1 that eteth the stomak or the giser of ,tityus1 is so fulfild of his song that it nil eten ne tyren no more4 ,at the laste #cj the lord and ,iuge of sowles was moeved to misericordes and cryde1 we ben overcomen1 quod he2 yive we to ,orpheus his wyf to bere him companye2 he hath wel y-bought hir by his song and his ditee2 but we wol putte a lawe in this1 and covenaunt in the yifte3 that is to seyn1 that1 til he be out of helle1 yif he loke #ce behinde him1 that his wyf shal comen ayein unto us4 ,but what is he that may yive a lawe to loveres8 ,love is a gretter lawe and a strenger to him-self than any lawe that men may yeven4 ,allas6 whan ,orpheus and his wyf weren almest at the termes of the night1 that is to seyn1 at the laste boundes of helle1 #dj ,orpheus lokede abakward on ,eurydice his wyf1 and loste hir1 and was deed4 ,this fable aperteineth to yow alle1 who-so-ever desireth or seketh to lede his thought in-to the soverein day1 that is to seyn1 to cleernesse of soverein good4 ,for who-so that ever be so overcomen #de that he ficche his eyen into the putte of helle1 that is to seyn1 who-so sette his thoughtes in erthely thinges1 al that ever he hath drawen of the noble good celestial1 he leseth it whan he loketh the helles1' that is to seyn1 in-to lowe thinges of the erthe4 ,,me4 ,,xii4 #b4 ,a4 bonde2 ,lat4 uincula4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 om4 #bnd the4 #d4 ,c4 wepply2 ,a4 ,ed4 wepely4 #g4 ,a4 cruel2 ,c4 cruwel4 #aj4 ,a4 ,ed4 ardaunt2 ,c4 ardent4 #ab4 ,c4 goodes2 ,a4 godes 7om4 hevene72 ,lat4 superos4 #ad4 ,c4 blaundyssynge2 ,a4 blaundissyng4 #ae4 ,c4 soonge2 ,a4 song 7twice74 #af4 ,c4 resseyued2 ,a4 resceyued4 _/_/ ,c4 calyope2 ,a4 calliope4 #ag4 ,a4 as mychel as he myght2 ,c4 om4 he4 #ai4 ,c4 thechen2 after techen him1 ,a4 adds in his seke herte 7not in ,lat47 #bc4 ,ed4 ,furyes2 ,c4 ,a4 furijs4 #bg4 ,c4 tatalus 7for tatalus74 #bh4 ,a4 thrust4 #bi4 ,ed4 ,tityus2 ,c4 ,a4 ticius2 ,lat4 ,tityi4 #cc4 ,a4 his faire song2 ,lat4 carmine4 #ch4 ,a4 gretter2 ,c4 gret2 ,lat4 maior4 #da4 ,c4 ,a4 ,erudice2 ,ed4 ,euridice2 ,lat4 ,eurydicen4 #dc4 ,c4 apartienyth2 ,a4 apperteineth4 #de4 ,c4 god2 ,a4 goode4 #df4 ,c4 fychche4 #dg4 ,c4 om4 his after sette4 #di4 ,a4 to 7for in-to74 _/_/ ,c4 om4 the bef4 erthe4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,tercius4 ,,book ,,iv4 ,,prose ,i4 ,hec cum ,philosophia1 dignitate uultus4 ,whan ,philosophye hadde songen softely and delitably the forseide thinges1 kepinge the dignitee of hir chere and the weighte of hir wordes1 ,i thanne1 that ne hadde nat al-outerly foryeten the wepinge and the mourninge that was set in myn herte1 forbrak the entencioun of hir that entendede yit to seyn #e some othre thinges4 ',o1' quod ,i1 'thou that art gyderesse of verrey light2 the thinges that thou hast seid me hider-to ben so clere to me and so shewinge by the devyne lookinge of hem1 and by thy resouns1 that they ne mowen ben overcomen4 ,and thilke thinges that thou toldest me1 al-be-it so that ,i hadde #aj whylom foryeten hem1 for the sorwe of the wrong that hath ben don to me1 yit natheles they ne weren nat al-outrely unknowen to me4 ,but this same is1 namely1 a right greet cause of my sorwe1 so as the governour of thinges is good1 yif that yveles mowen ben by any weyes2 or elles yif that yveles passen with-oute punisshinge4 #ae ,the whiche thing only1 how worthy it is to ben wondred up-on1 thou considerest it wel thy-self certeinly4 ,but yit to this thing ther is yit another thing y-ioigned1 more to ben wondred up-on4 ,for felonye is emperesse1 and floureth ful of richesses2 and vertu nis nat al-only with-oute medes1 but it is cast under and #bj fortroden under the feet of felonous folk2 and it abyeth the torments in stede of wikkede felounes4 ,of alle whiche thinges ther nis no wight that may merveylen y-nough1 ne compleine1 that swiche thinges ben doon in the regne of god1 that alle thinges woot and alle thinges may1 and ne wole nat but only gode #be thinges4' ,thanne seyde she thus3 ',certes1' quod she1 'that were a greet merveyle1 and an enbasshinge with-outen ende1 and wel more horrible than alle monstres1 yif it were as thou wenest2 that is to seyn1 that in the right ordenee hous of so mochel a fader and an #cj ordenour of meynee1 that the vesseles that ben foule and vyle sholden ben honoured and heried1 and the precious vesseles sholden ben defouled and vyle2 but it nis nat so4 ,for yif tho thinges that ,i have concluded a litel her-biforn ben kept hole and unraced1 thou shalt wel knowe by the autoritee of god1 of the #ce whos regne ,i speke1 that certes the gode folk ben alwey mighty1 and shrewes ben alwey out-cast and feble2 ne the vyces ne ben never-mo with-oute peyne1 ne the vertues ne ben nat with-oute mede2 and that blisfulnesses comen alwey to goode folk1 and infortune comth alwey to wikked folk4 ,and thou shalt wel #dj knowe many thinges of this kinde1 that shollen cesen thy pleintes1 and strengthen thee with stedefast sadnesse4 ,and for thou hast seyn the forme of the verray blisfulnesse by me1 that have whylom shewed it thee1 and thou hast knowen in whom blisfulnesse is y-set1 alle thinges y-treted that ,i trowe ben necessarie to #de putten forth1 ,i shal shewe thee the wey that shal bringen thee ayein un-to thyn hous4 ,and ,i shal ficchen fetheres in thy thought1 by whiche it may arysen in heighte1 so that1 alle tribulacioun y-don awey1 thou1 by my gydinge and by my path and by my sledes1 shalt mowe retorne hool and sound in-to thy contree4 #ej ,,pr4 ,i4 #f4 ,a4 om4 some4 _/_/ ,a4 ,se 7for ,o72 ,lat4 o4 _/_/ ,c4 om4 that4 #g4 ,a4 om4 me4 #i4 ,a4 ,ed4 thy2 ,c4 the4 #ad4 ,c4 so as2 ,ed4 so that as2 ,a4 that so as4 #ai4 ,c4 imperisse2 ,a4 emperisse2 ,ed4 emperesse4 _/_/ ,a4 rycchesse4 #bj4 ,a4 vertues 7badly74 #bb4 ,ed4 stede2 ,c4 stide2 ,a4 sted4 #be4 ,c4 good2 ,a4 goode4 #bh4 ,a4 enbaissynge2 ,ed4 abasshyng4 #bi4 ,c4 horible4 _/_/ ,c4 al2 ,a4 alle4 #ca4 ,a4 ,ed4 vyle2 ,c4 vyl 7twice74 #cb4 ,c4 he heryed 7mistake for heryed74 #cc4 ,c4 tho2 ,a4 ,ed4 the4 #ce4 ,ed4 vnaraced4 #cg4 ,a4 yuel 7for out-cast74 #db4 ,c4 strengthyn2 ,a4 stedfast 7674 _/_/ ,c4 stidfast2 ,a4 stedfast4 #de4 ,c4 ,i tretyd2 ,a4 ,i treted2 ,ed4 treated2 ,lat4 decursis omnibus4 #dh4 ,c4 areysen4 #ej4 ,c4 sledys2 ,a4 ,ed4 sledes4 _/_/ ,c4 shal 7for shalt74 ,,metre ,i4 ,sunt etenim pennae uolucres mihi4 ,i have1 forsothe1 swifte fetheres that surmounten the heighte of hevene4 ,whan the swifte thought hath clothed it-self in tho fetheres1 it despyseth the hateful erthes1 and surmounteth the roundnesse of the grete ayr2 and it seeth the cloudes behinde his bak2 and passeth the heighte of the region of the fyr1 that #e eschaufeth by the swifte moevinge of the firmament1 til that he areyseth him in-to the houses that beren the sterres1 and ioyneth his weyes with the sonne ,phebus1 and felawshipeth the wey of the olde colde ,saturnus2 and he y-maked a knight of the clere sterre2 that is to seyn1 that the thought is maked goddes knight by #aj the sekinge of trouthe to comen to the verray knowleche of god4 ,and thilke thoght renneth by the cercle of the sterres1 in alle places ther-as the shyninge night is peinted2 that is to seyn1 the night that is cloudeles2 for on nightes that ben cloudeles it semeth as the hevene were peinted with dyverse images of sterres4 ,and #ae whanne he hath y-doon ther y-nough1 he shal forleten the laste hevene1 and he shal pressen and wenden on the bak of the swifte firmament1 and he shal ben maked parfit of the worshipful light of god4 ,ther halt the lord of kinges the ceptre of his might1 and atempreth the governements of the world1 and the #bj shyninge ,iuge of thinges1 stable in him-self1 governeth the swifte cart or wayn1 that is to seyn1 the circuler moevinge of the sonne4 ,and yif thy wey ledeth thee ayein so that thou be brought thider1 thanne wolt thou seye now that that is the contree that thou requerest1 of which thou ne haddest no minde3 but now it #be remembreth me wel1 heer was ,i born1 heer wol ,i fastne my degree1 heer wole ,i dwelle4 ,but yif thee lyketh thanne to loken on the derknesse of the erthe that thou hast forleten1 thanne shalt thou seen that thise felonous tyraunts1 that the wrecchede peple dredeth1 now shollen ben exyled fro thilke fayre contree4' #cj ,,me4 ,i4 #a4 ,c4 swife 7for swifte74 #d4 ,a4 heyghenesse 7for roundnesse72 ,lat4 globum4 _/_/ ,a4 hir 7for his74 #f4 ,a4 til that she areisith hir in-til 444 hir weyes4 #i4 ,c4 saturnis2 ,a4 saturnus4 _/_/ ,a4 she 7for he74 #aj4 ,a4 soule 7for thought72 twice4 #ab4 ,c4 alle2 ,a4 alle the2 ,ed4 al the4 #ac4 ,ed4 ypaynted2 ,a4 depeynted4 #af4 ,a4 ,and whan the soule hath gon ynough she shal forleten the last poynt of the heuene1 and she4 #ag4 ,a4 ,ed4 wenden2 ,c4 wyndyn4 #ah4 ,a4 she 7for he74 #ah1 #ai4 ,c4 ,ed4 worshipful lyht2 ,a4 dredefulle clerenesse4 _/_/ ,a4 haldeth4 #bj4 ,a4 this2 for the 7#b74 #bb4 ,a4 om4 or wayn4 #be4 ,c4 requerest2 ,ed4 requirest2 ,a4 requeredest4 #bg4 ,a4 lyke 7for lyketh74 #bh4 ,c4 dyrknesses2 ,a4 derkenesse2 ,lat4 noctem4 ,,prose ,,ii4 ,tum ego1 ,papae1 inquam4 ,than seyde ,i thus3 'owh6 ,i wondre me that thou bihetest me so grete thinges2 ne ,i ne doute nat that thou ne mayst wel performe that thou bihetest4 ,but ,i preye thee only this1 that thou ne tarye nat to telle me thilke thinges that thou hast moeved4' #e ',first1' quod she1 'thou most nedes knowen1 that goode folk ben alwey stronge and mighty1 and the shrewes ben feble and desert and naked of alle strengthes4 ,and of thise thinges1 certes1 everich of hem is declared and shewed by other4 ,for so as good and yvel ben two contraries1 yif so be that good be stedefast1 #aj than sheweth the feblesse of yvel al openly2 and yif thou knowe cleerly the frelenesse of yvel1 the stedefastnesse of good is knowen4 ,but for as moche as the fey of my sentence shal be the more ferme and haboundaunt1 ,i will gon by that oo wey and by that other2 and ,i wole conferme the thinges that ben purposed1 #ae now on this syde and now on that syde4 ,two thinges ther ben in whiche the effect of alle the dedes of mankinde standeth1 that is to seyn1 wil and power2 and yif that oon of thise two fayleth1 ther nis nothing that may be don4 ,for yif that wil lakketh1 ther nis no wight that undertaketh to don that he wol nat don2 and #bj yif power fayleth1 the wil nis but in ydel and stant for naught4 ,and ther-of cometh it1 that yif thou see a wight that wolde geten that he may nat geten1 thou mayst nat douten that power ne fayleth him to haven that he wolde4' ',this is open and cleer1' quod ,i2 'ne it may nat ben deneyed #be in no manere4' ',and yif thou see a wight1' quod she1 'that hath doon that he wolde doon1 thou nilt nat douten that he ne hath had power to don it8' ',no1' quod ,i4 #cj ',and in that that every wight may1 in that men may holden him mighty2 as who seyth1 in so moche as man is mighty to don a thing1 in so mochel men halt him mighty2 and in that that he ne may1 in that men demen him to be feble4' ',i confesse it wel1' quod ,i4 #ce ',remembreth thee1' quod she1 'that ,i have gadered and shewed by forseyde resouns that al the entencioun of the wil of mankinde1 which that is lad by dyverse studies1 hasteth to comen to blisfulnesse8' ',it remembreth me wel1' quod ,i1 'that it hath ben shewed4' #dj ',and recordeth thee nat thanne1' quod she1 'that blisfulnesse is thilke same good that men requeren2 so that1 whan that blisfulnesse is requered of alle1 that good also is requered and desired of alle8' ',it ne recordeth me nat1' quod ,i2 'for ,i have it gretly alwey #de ficched in my memorie4' ',alle folk thanne1' quod she1 'goode and eek badde1 enforcen hem with-oute difference of entencioun to comen to good8' ',this is a verray consequence1' quod ,i4 ',and certein is1' quod she1 'that by the getinge of good ben #ej men y-maked goode8' ',this is certein1' quod ,i4 ',thanne geten goode men that they desiren8' ',so semeth it1' quod ,i4 ',but wikkede folk1' quod she1 'yif they geten the good that #ee they desiren1 they ne mowe nat be wikkede8' ',so is it1' quod ,i4 ',thanne1 so as that oon and that other1' quod she1 'desiren good2 and the goode folk geten good1 and nat the wikke folk2 thanne nis it no doute that the goode folk ne ben mighty and #fj the wikkede folk ben feble8' ',who-so that ever1' quod ,i1 'douteth of this1 he ne may nat considere the nature of thinges ne the consequence of resouns4' ,and over this quod she1 'yif that ther be two thinges that han oo same purpose by kinde1 and that oon of hem pursueth #fe and parformeth thilke same thing by naturel office1 and that other ne may nat doon thilke naturel office1 but folweth1 by other manere thanne is convenable to nature1 him that acomplissheth his purpos kindely1 and yit he ne acomplissheth nat his owne purpos3 whether of thise two demestow for more mighty8' #gj ',yif that ,i coniecte1' quod ,i1 'that thou wolt seye1 algates yit ,i desire to herkne it more pleynly of thee4' ',thou wilt nat thanne deneye1' quod she1 'that the moevement of goinge nis in men by kinde8' ',no1 forsothe1' quod ,i4 #ge ',ne thou ne doutest nat1' quod she1 'that thilke naturel office of goinge ne be the office of feet8' ',i ne doute it nat1' quod ,i4 ',thanne1' quod she1 'yif that a wight be mighty to moeve and goth upon his feet1 and another1 to whom thilke naturel office of #hj feet lakketh1 enforceth him to gon crepinge up-on his handes3 whiche of thise two oughte to ben holden the more mighty by right8' ',knit forth the remenaunt1' quod ,i2 'for no wight ne douteth that he that may gon by naturel office of feet ne be more mighty #he than he that ne may nat4' ',but the soverein good1' quod she1 'that is eveneliche purposed to the gode folk and to badde1 the gode folk seken it by naturel office of vertues1 and the shrewes enforcen hem to geten it by dyverse coveityse of erthely thinges1 which that nis no naturel office #ij to geten thilke same soverein good4 ,trowestow that it be any other wyse8' ',nay1' quod ,i2 'for the consequence is open and shewinge of thinges that ,i have graunted2 that nedes gode folk moten ben mighty1 and shrewes feeble and unmighty4' #ie ',thou rennest a-right biforn me1' quod she1 'and this is the ,iugement2 that is to seyn1 ,i iuge of thee right as thise leches ben wont to hopen of syke folk1 whan they aperceyven that nature is redressed and withstondeth to the maladye4 ,but1 for ,i see thee now al redy to the understondinge1 ,i shal shewe thee more thikke #ajj and continuel resouns4 ,for loke now how greetly sheweth the feblesse and infirmitee of wikkede folk1 that ne mowen nat comen to that hir naturel entencioun ledeth hem1 and yit almost thilke naturel entencioun constreineth hem4 ,and what were to demen thanne of shrewes1 yif thilke naturel help hadde forleten hem1 the #aje which naturel help of intencioun goth awey biforn hem1 and is so greet that unnethe it may ben overcome8 ,consider thanne how greet defaute of power and how greet feblesse ther is in wikkede felonous folk2 as who seyth1 the gretter thing that is coveited and the desire nat acomplisshed1 of the lasse might is he that coveiteth it #aaj and may nat acomplisshe4 ,and forthy ,philosophie seyth thus by soverein good3 ,ne shrewes ne requeren nat lighte medes ne veyne games1 whiche they ne may folwen ne holden2 but they failen of thilke somme and of the heighte of thinges1 that is to seyn1 soverein good2 ne thise wrecches ne comen nat to the effect of soverein #aae good1 the which they enforcen hem only to geten1 by nightes and by dayes2 in the getinge of which good the strengthe of good folk is ful wel y-sene4 ,for right so as thou mightest demen him mighty of goinge1 that gooth on his feet til he mighte come to thilke place1 fro the whiche place ther ne laye no wey forther to ben #abj gon2 right so most thou nedes demen him for right mighty1 that geteth and ateyneth to the ende of alle thinges that ben to desire1 biyonde the whiche ende ther nis nothing to desire4 ,of the which power of good folk men may conclude1 that the wikked men semen to be bareine and naked of alle strengthe4 ,for-why #abe forleten they vertues and folwen vyces8 ,nis it nat for that they ne knowen nat the goodes8 ,but what thing is more feble and more caitif thanne is the blindnesse of ignoraunce8 ,or elles they knowen ful wel whiche thinges that they oughten folwe1 but lecherye and coveityse overthroweth hem mistorned2 and certes1 #acj so doth distemperaunce to feble men1 that ne mowen nat wrastlen ayeins the vyces4 ,ne knowen they nat thanne wel that they forleten the good wilfully1 and tornen hem wilfully to vyces8 ,and in this wyse they ne forleten nat only to ben mighty1 but they forleten al-outrely in any wyse for to ben4 ,for they that forleten #ace the comune fyn of alle thinges that ben1 they forleten also therwith-al for to ben4 ,and per-aventure it sholde semen to som folk that this were a merveile to seyen3 that shrewes1 whiche that contienen the more partye of men1 ne ben nat ne han no beinge2 but natheles1 it is so1 #adj and thus stant this thing4 ,for they that ben shrewes1 ,i deneye nat that they ben shrewes2 but ,i deneye1 and seye simplely and pleinly1 that they ne ben nat1 ne han no beinge4 ,for right as thou mightest seyen of the carayne of a man1 that it were a deed man1 but thou ne mightest nat simplely callen it a man2 so graunte #ade ,i wel forsothe1 that vicious folk ben wikked1 but ,i ne may nat graunten absolutly and simplely that they ben4 ,for thilke thing that with-holdeth ordre and kepeth nature1 thilke thing is and hath beinge2 but what thing that faileth of that1 that is to seyn1 that he forleteth naturel ordre1 he forleteth thilke thing that is set #aej in his nature4 ,but thou wolt seyn1 that shrewes mowen4 ,certes1 that ne deneye ,i nat2 but certes1 hir power ne descendeth nat of strengthe1 but of feblesse4 ,for they mowen don wikkednesses2 the whiche they ne mighte nat don1 yif they mighten dwellen in the forme and in the doinge of good folk4 ,and thilke power #aee sheweth ful evidently that they ne mowen right naught4 ,for so as ,i have gadered and proeved a litel her-biforn1 that yvel is naught2 and so as shrewes mowen only but shrewednesses1 this conclusioun is al cleer1 that shrewes ne mowen right naught1 ne han no power4 #afj ,and for as moche as thou understonde which is the strengthe of this power of shrewes1 ,i have definisshed a litel her-biforn1 that nothing is so mighty as soverein good4' ',that is sooth1' quod ,i4 ',and thilke same soverein good may don non yvel8' #afe ',certes1 no1' quod ,i4 ',is ther any wight thanne1' quod she1 'that weneth that men mowen doon alle thinges8' ',no man1' quod ,i1 'but-yif he be out of his witte4' ',but1 certes1 shrewes mowen don yvel1' quod she4 #agj ',ye1 wolde god1' quod ,i1 'that they mighten don non6' ',thanne1' quod she1 'so as he that is mighty to doon only but goode thinges may don alle thinges2 and they that ben mighty to don yvele thinges ne mowen nat alle thinges3 thanne is it open thing and manifest1 that they that mowen don yvel ben of lasse #age power4 ,and yit1 to proeve this conclusioun1 ther helpeth me this1 that ,i have y-shewed her-biforn1 that alle power is to be noumbred among thinges that men oughten requere4 ,and ,i have shewed that alle thinges1 that oughten ben desired1 ben referred to good1 right as to a maner heighte of hir nature4 ,but for to mowen don #ahj yvel and felonye ne may nat ben referred to good4 ,thanne nis nat yvel of the noumbir of thinges that oughte ben desired4 ,but alle power oughte ben desired and requered4 ,than is it open and cleer that the power ne the mowinge of shrewes nis no power2 and of alle thise thinges it sheweth wel1 that the goode folke ben certeinly #ahe mighty1 and the shrewes douteles ben unmighty4 ,and it is cleer and open that thilke opinioun of ,plato is verray and sooth1 that seith1 that only wyse men may doon that they desiren2 and shrewes mowen haunten that hem lyketh1 but that they desiren1 that is to seyn1 to comen to sovereign good1 they ne han no power #aij to acomplisshen that4 ,for shrewes don that hem list1 whan1 by tho thinges in which they delyten1 they wenen to ateine to thilke good that they desiren2 but they ne geten ne ateinen nat ther-to1 for vyces ne comen nat to blisfulnesse4 ,,pr4 ,,ii4 #a4 ,c4 owh2 ,ed4 ,o2 ,a4 om42 ,lat4 ,papae4 #h4 ,c4 dishert2 ,a4 desert2 ,ed4 deserte2 ,lat4 desertos4 _/_/ ,all strengthes2 ,lat4 uiribus4 #aj4 ,c4 stidefast2 ,a4 stedfast4 #ab4 ,c4 stidefastnesse2 ,a4 stedfastnesse4 #ac4 ,c4 ,a4 fey2 ,ed4 faythe4 #ai4 ,c4 lakkit2 ,a4 lakketh4 #be4 ,c4 denoyed4 #bh4 ,c4 om4 he bef4 ne4 #cc4 ,c4 halt2 ,a4 halden2 ,ed4 holde4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 that that2 ,c4 that4 #db4 ,a4 whan that2 ,c4 ,ed4 om4 that4 #de4 ,c4 ,it ne 444 nat2 ,a4 ,it recordeth me wel2 ,lat4 ,minim 444 recordor4 #dh4 ,c4 defference2 ,a4 ,ed4 difference4 #fc4 ,a4 resoun2 ,lat4 rationum4 #fg4 ,c4 by 7for but2 by mistake74 #fh4 ,ed4 accomplyssheth2 ,a4 acomplisith2 ,c4 a-complesseth 7twice74 #gj4 ,a4 demest thou4 #gc4 ,c4 denoye 7for deneye72 ,a4 ,ed4 denye4 _/_/ ,a4 moeuementz2 ,lat4 motum4 #hh4 ,c4 good folk 7#ast time72 goode folk 7#bnd time74 #ia4 ,a4 trowest thou4 #ib4 ,a4 wyse2 ,c4 whise4 #ii4 ,c4 maledie2 ,a4 maladie4 #ajd4 ,c4 om4 hem after constreineth4 #aji4 ,a4 the gretter thinges that ben4 #aaj4 ,c4 acomplised2 ,a4 accomplissed2 ,ed4 accomplysshed4 #aab4 ,c4 veyn2 ,a4 veyne4 #abj4 ,a4 lay4 #abb4 ,c4 desired 7for desire1 by mistake74 #ace4 ,a4 wise2 ,c4 whise4 #ada4 ,c4 denoye 7for deneye72 ,a4 denye 7thrice74 #adb4 ,c4 sympeli 7#ast time74 #adi4 ,c4 ,ed4 what2 ,a4 that4 #aea4 ,c4 shrewen 7by mistake74 #aeb4 ,a4 descendeth2 ,c4 dessendit 7sic74 #aeh4 ,a4 shrewednesse2 ,lat4 mala4 #afj4 ,a4 to han 7for ne han no74 #afb4 ,c4 diffinissed2 ,a4 diffinised2 ,ed4 defynisshed2 ,lat4 definiuimus4 #afi4 ,a4 but yif2 ,ed4 but if2 ,c4 but4 #ahf4 ,a4 om4 ben4 #ahh4 ,a4 om4 doon4 #aib4 ,c4 the2 ,a4 ,ed4 tho4 #aid4 ,c4 om4 to4 ,,metre ,,ii4 ,quos uides sedere celsos4 ,who-so that the covertoures of hir veyne aparailes mighte strepen of thise proude kinges1 that thou seest sitten on heigh in hir chaires gliteringe in shyninge purpre1 envirouned with sorwful armures1 manasinge with cruel mouth1 blowinge by woodnesse of herte1 he shulde seen thanne that thilke lordes beren with-inne hir #e corages ful streite cheines4 ,for lecherye tormenteth hem in that oon syde with gredy venims2 and troublable ire1 that araiseth in him the flodes of troublinges1 tormenteth up-on that other syde hir thought2 or sorwe halt hem wery and y-caught2 or slydinge and deceivinge hope tormenteth hem4 ,and therfore1 sen thou #aj seest oon heed1 that is to seyn1 oon tyraunt1 beren so manye tyrannyes1 thanne ne doth thilke tyraunt nat that he desireth1 sin he is cast doun with so manye wikkede lordes2 that is to seyn1 with so manye vyces1 that han so wikkedly lordshipes over him4 ,,me4 ,,ii4 #a4 ,ed4 vayne2 ,c4 ,a4 veyn4 #b4 ,a4 ,ed4 in2 ,c4 on4 #c4 ,ed4 chayres2 ,c4 7miswritten7 charyes2 ,a4 chayeres4 #d4 ,a4 manasyng2 ,c4 manassinge4 #h4 ,a4 troublynges2 ,c4 trwblynges4 #i4 ,c4 hym 7for hem74 #ab4 ,c4 ,ed4 tyrannyes2 ,a4 tyrauntis4 #ad4 ,a4 wicked 7for wikkedly74 ,,prose ,,iii4 ,videsne igitur quanto in coeno4 ,seestow nat thanne in how grete filthe thise shrewes ben y-wrapped1 and with which cleernesse thise good folk shynen8 ,in this sheweth it wel1 that to goode folk ne lakketh never-mo hir medes1 ne shrewes lakken never-mo torments4 ,for of alle thinges that ben y-doon1 thilke thing1 for which any-thing is don1 it semeth #e as by right that thilke thing be the mede of that2 as thus3 yif a man renneth in the stadie1 or in the forlong1 for the corone1 thanne lyth the mede in the corone for which he renneth4 ,and ,i have shewed that blisfulnesse is thilke same good for which that alle thinges ben doon4 ,thanne is thilke same good purposed #aj to the workes of mankinde right as a comune mede2 which mede ne may ben dissevered fro good folk4 ,for no wight as by right1 fro thennes-forth that him lakketh goodnesse1 ne shal ben cleped good4 ,for which thing1 folk of goode maneres1 hir medes ne forsaken hem never-mo4 ,for al-be-it so that shrewes wexen #ae as wode as hem list ayeins goode folk1 yit never-the-lesse the corone of wyse men shal nat fallen ne faden4 ,for foreine shrewednesse ne binimeth nat fro the corages of goode folk hir propre honour4 ,but yif that any wight reioyse him of goodnesse that he hadde take fro with-oute 7as who seith1 yif that any wight hadde #bj his goodnesse of any other man than of him-self71 certes1 he that yaf him thilke goodnesse1 or elles som other wight1 mighte binime it him4 ,but for as moche as to every wight his owne propre bountee yeveth him his mede1 thanne at erst shal he failen of mede whan he forleteth to ben good4 ,and at the laste1 so as alle medes ben #be requered for men wenen that they ben goode1 who is he that wolde deme1 that he that is right mighty of good were part-les of mede8 ,and of what mede shal he be guerdoned8 ,certes1 of right faire mede and right grete aboven alle medes4 ,remembre thee of thilke noble corolarie that ,i yaf thee a litel her-biforn2 #cj and gader it to-gider in this manere3--so as good him-self is blisfulnesse1 thanne is it cleer and certein1 that alle good folk ben maked blisful for they ben goode2 and thilke folk that ben blisful1 it acordeth and is covenable to ben goddes4 ,thanne is the mede of goode folk swich that no day shal enpeiren it1 ne no wikkednesse #ce ne shal derken it1 ne power of no wight ne shal nat amenusen it1 that is to seyn1 to ben maked goddes4 ,and sin it is thus1 that goode men ne failen never-mo of hir mede1 certes1 no wys man ne may doute of undepartable peyne of the shrewes2 that is to seyn1 that the peyne of shrewes ne departeth nat #dj from hem-self never-mo4 ,for so as goode and yvel1 and peyne and medes ben contrarye1 it mot nedes ben1 that right as we seen bityden in guerdoun of goode1 that also mot the peyne of yvel answery1 by the contrarye party1 to shrewes4 ,now thanne1 so as bountee and prowesse ben the mede to goode folk1 al-so is #de shrewednesse it-self torment to shrewes4 ,thanne1 who-so that ever is entecched and defouled with peyne1 he ne douteth nat1 that he is entecched and defouled with yvel4 ,yif shrewes thanne wolen preysen hem-self1 may it semen to hem that they ben with-outen party of torment1 sin they ben swiche that the uttereste #ej wikkednesse 7that is to seyn1 wikkede thewes1 which that is the uttereste and the worste kinde of shrewednesse7 ne defouleth ne enteccheth nat hem only1 but infecteth and envenimeth hem gretly8 ,and also look on shrewes1 that ben the contrarie party of goode men1 how greet peyne felawshipeth and folweth hem6 #ee ,for thou hast lerned a litel her-biforn1 that al thing that is and hath beinge is oon1 and thilke same oon is good2 thanne is this the consequence1 that it semeth wel1 that al that is and hath beinge is good2 this is to seyn1 as who seyth1 that beinge and unitee and goodnesse is al oon4 ,and in this manere it folweth thanne1 that al #fj thing that faileth to ben good1 it stinteth for to be and for to han any beinge2 wherfore it is1 that shrewes stinten for to ben that they weren4 ,but thilke other forme of mankinde1 that is to seyn1 the forme of the body with-oute1 sheweth yit that thise shrewes weren whylom men2 wher-for1 whan they ben perverted and #fe torned in-to malice1 certes1 than han they forlorn the nature of mankinde4 ,but so as only bountee and prowesse may enhaunsen every man over other men2 thanne mot it nedes be that shrewes1 which that shrewednesse hath cast out of the condicioun of mankinde1 ben put under the merite and the desert of men4 ,thanne #gj bitydeth it1 that yif thou seest a wight that be transformed into vyces1 thou ne mayst nat wene that he be a man4 ,for yif he be ardaunt in avaryce1 and that he be a ravinour by violence of foreine richesse1 thou shalt seyn that he is lyke to the wolf4 ,and yif he be felonous and with-oute reste1 and exercyse #ge his tonge to chydinges1 thou shalt lykne him to the hound4 ,and yif he be a prevey awaitour y-hid1 and reioyseth him to ravisshe by wyles1 thou shalt seyn him lyke to the fox-whelpes4 ,and yif he be distempre and quaketh for ire1 men shal wene that he bereth the corage of a lyoun4 ,and yif he be dredful and fleinge1 and #hj dredeth thinges that ne oughten nat to ben dred1 men shal holden him lyk to the hert4 ,and yif he be slow and astoned and lache1 he liveth as an asse4 ,and yif he be light and unstedefast of corage1 and chaungeth ay his studies1 he is lykned to briddes4 ,and if he be plounged in foule and unclene luxuries1 he is with-holden in the #he foule delyces of the foule sowe4 ,thanne folweth it1 that he that forleteth bountee and prowesse1 he forleteth to ben a man2 sin he may nat passen in-to the condicioun of god1 he is torned in-to a beest4 ,,pr4 ,,iii4 #a4 ,a4 ,seest thou4 #af4 ,a4 les2 ,c4 leese 7error for lesse74 #ag4 ,c4 faaden4 #be4 ,a4 laste2 ,c4 last4 #bg4 ,a4 wolde2 ,c4 ,ed4 nolde2 ,lat4 quis 444 iudicet4 #bg1 #bh4 ,a4 ,ed4 of mede2 ,c4 of the mede4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 gerdoned2 ,ed4 reguerdoned4 #cj4 ,c4 yat 7miswritten for yaf74 #ca4 ,c4 good him-self2 ,a4 ,ed4 god him-self2 ,lat4 ipsum bonum4 _/_/ ,c4 his 7error for is72 after him-self4 #cf4 ,a4 endirken 7for derken74 #ch4 ,a4 medes4 #dc4 ,c4 gerdown2 ,a4 gerdoun2 ,ed4 guerdone4 #dd4 ,a4 ,ed4 answere4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 by the2 ,c4 om4 the4 #de4 ,a4 medes2 ,lat4 praemium4 #dg4 ,c4 entechched4 _/_/ ,both ,,mss4 om4 peyne 444 defouled with2 but ,ed4 has3 payne1 he ne douteth not1 that he is entetched and defouled with2 ,lat4 quisquis afficitur poena1 malo se affectum esse non dubitat4 #ej4 ,a4 om4 uttereste 444 which that is the4 #eb4 ,c4 vtteriste 7#ast time72 owttereste 7#bnd time74 #ee4 ,c4 folueth4 #ef4 ,c4 alle2 ,a4 al4 #eh4 ,c4 alle2 ,a4 al 7twice74 #fg4 ,a4 ,ed4 so as2 ,c4 om4 as4 _/_/ ,c4 enhawsen 7for enhawnsen74 #gc4 ,a4 rauynour2 ,ed4 rauenour2 ,c4 rauaynour4 #ge4 ,a4 ,ed4 a wolf4 _/_/ ,c4 excersise4 #gg4 ,a4 rauysshe2 ,c4 rauysse4 #gh4 ,a4 ,ed4 wyles2 ,c4 whiles2 ,lat4 fraudibus4 #ha4 ,c4 dredd4 #hb4 ,a4 ,ed4 slowe2 ,c4 slowh4 #hc4 ,c4 vnstidefast4 ,,metre ,,iii4 ,vela ,neritii dulcis4 ,eurus the wind aryvede the sailes of ,ulixes1 duk of the contree of ,narice1 and his wandringe shippes by the see1 in-to the ile ther-as ,circes1 the faire goddesse1 doughter of the sonne1 dwelleth2 that medleth to hir newe gestes drinkes that ben touched and maked with enchauntements4 ,and after that hir #e hand1 mighty over the herbes1 hadde chaunged hir gestes in-to dyverse maneres2 that oon of hem1 is covered his face with forme of a boor2 that other is chaunged in-to a lyoun of the contree of ,marmorike1 and his nayles and his teeth wexen2 that other of hem is neweliche chaunged in-to a wolf1 and howleth whan he #aj wolde wepe2 that other goth debonairely in the hous as a tygre of ,inde4 ,but al-be-it so that the godhed of ,mercurie1 that is cleped the brid of ,arcadie1 hath had mercy of the duke ,ulixes1 biseged with dyverse yveles1 and hath unbounden him fro the pestilence of #ae his ostesse1 algates the roweres and the marineres hadden by this y-drawen in-to hir mouthes and dronken the wikkede drinkes4 ,they that weren woxen swyn hadden by this y-chaunged hir mete of breed1 for to eten akornes of okes4 ,non of hir limes ne dwelleth with hem hole1 but they han lost the voice and the #bj body2 only hir thought dwelleth with hem stable1 that wepeth and biweileth the monstruous chaunginge that they suffren4 ,o overlight hand 7as who seyth1 ,o6 feble and light is the hand of ,circes the enchaunteresse1 that chaungeth the bodyes of folkes in-to bestes1 to regard and to comparisoun of mutacioun that is maked by #be vyces72 ne the herbes of ,circes ne ben nat mighty4 ,for al-be-it so that they may chaungen the limes of the body1 algates yit they may nat chaunge the hertes2 for with-inne is y-hid the strengthe and vigor of men1 in the secree tour of hir hertes2 that is to seyn1 the strengthe of resoun4 ,but thilke venims of vyces to-drawen #cj a man to hem more mightily than the venim of ,circes2 for vyces ben so cruel that they percen and thorugh-passen the corage with-inne2 and1 thogh they ne anoye nat the body1 yit vyces wooden to destroye men by wounde of thought4' ,,me4 ,,iii4 #a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,ed4 wynde4 #b4 ,c4 ,a4 ,ed4 ,narice2 ,lat4 ,neritii4 #c4 ,c4 ,ed4 ,circes2 ,a4 ,circe4 #h4 ,c4 boer2 ,a4 boor4 #i4 ,c4 ,a4 ,ed4 ,marmorike2 ,lat4 ,marmaricus leo4 #ad4 ,a4 ,arcadie2 ,c4 ,ed4 ,archadie2 ,lat4 ,arcadis alitis4 #ae4 ,a4 ,ed4 vnbounden2 ,c4 vnbounded4 _/_/ ,a4 pestilence2 ,c4 pestelence4 #af4 ,a4 oosteresse 7674 #ah4 ,a4 ,ed4 woxen2 ,c4 wexen4 #ai4 ,c4 akkornes2 ,a4 acorns4 _/_/ ,c4 lemes2 ,a4 lymes2 ,ed4 lymmes4 #bj4 ,a4 ,ed4 hoole2 ,c4 hool4 ,,prose ,,iv4 ,tum ego1 ,fateor1 inquam4 ,than seyde ,i thus3 ',i confesse and am a-knowe it1' quod ,i2 'ne ,i ne see nat that men may sayn1 as by right1 that shrewes ne ben chaunged in-to bestes by the qualitee of hir soules1 al-be-it so that they kepen yit the forme of the body of mankinde4 ,but ,i nolde nat of shrewes1 of which the thought cruel woodeth al-wey #e in-to destruccioun of goode men1 that it were leveful to hem to don that4' ',certes1' quod she1 'ne is nis nat leveful to hem1 as ,i shal wel shewe thee in covenable place2 but natheles1 yif so were that thilke that men wenen be leveful to shrewes were binomen hem1 so that #aj they ne mighte nat anoyen or doon harm to goode men1 certes1 a greet partye of the peyne to shrewes sholde ben allegged and releved4 ,for al-be-it so that this ne seme nat credible thing1 per-aventure1 to some folk1 yit moot it nedes be1 that shrewes ben more wrecches and unsely whan they may doon and performe #ae that they coveiten1 than yif they mighte nat complisshen that they coveiten4 ,for yif so be that it be wrecchednesse to wilne to don yvel1 than is more wrecchednesse to mowen don yvel2 with-oute whiche mowinge the wrecched wil sholde languisshe with-oute effect4 ,than1 sin that everiche of thise thinges hath his #bj wrecchednesse1 that is to seyn1 wil to don yvel and mowinge to don yvel1 it moot nedes be that they ben constreyned by three unselinesses1 that wolen and mowen and performen felonyes and shrewednesses4' ',i acorde me1' quod ,i2 'but ,i desire gretly that shrewes #be losten sone thilke unselinesse1 that is to seyn1 that shrewes weren despoyled of mowinge to don yvel4' ',so shullen they1' quod she1 'soner1 per-aventure1 than thou woldest2 or soner than they hem-self wene to lakken mowinge to don yvel4 ,for ther nis no-thing so late in so shorte boundes of #cj this lyf1 that is long to abyde1 nameliche1 to a corage inmortel2 of whiche shrewes the grete hope1 and the hye compassinges of shrewednesses1 is ofte destroyed by a sodeyn ende1 or they ben war2 and that thing estableth to shrewes the ende of hir shrewednesse4 ,for yif that shrewednesse maketh wrecches1 than #ce mot he nedes ben most wrecched that lengest is a shrewe2 the whiche wikked shrewes wolde ,i demen aldermost unsely and caitifs1 yif that hir shrewednesse ne were finisshed1 at the leste wey1 by the outtereste deeth4 ,for yif ,i have concluded sooth of the unselinesse of shrewednesse1 than sheweth it cleerly that thilke #dj wrecchednesse is with-outen ende1 the whiche is certein to ben perdurable4' ',certes1' quod ,i1 'this conclusioun is hard and wonderful to graunte2 but ,i knowe wel that it acordeth moche to the thinges that ,i have graunted her-biforn4' #de ',thou hast1' quod she1 'the right estimacioun of this2 but who-so-ever wene that it be a hard thing to acorde him to a conclusioun1 it is right that he shewe that some of the premisses ben false2 or elles he moot shewe that the collacioun of proposiciouns nis nat speedful to a necessarie conclusioun4 ,and yif it #ej be nat so1 but that the premisses ben y-graunted1 ther is not why he sholde blame the argument4 ,for this thing that ,i shal telle thee now ne shal nat seme lasse wonderful2 but of the thinges that ben taken also it is necessarie2' as who seyth1 it folweth of that which that is purposed biforn4 #ee ',what is that8' quod ,i4 ',certes1' quod she1 'that is1 that thise wikked shrewes ben more blisful1 or elles lasse wrecches1 that abyen the torments that they han deserved1 than yif no peyne of ,iustice ne chastysede hem4 ,ne this ne seye ,i nat now1 for that any man mighte #fj thenke1 that the maners of shrewes ben coriged and chastysed by veniaunce1 and that they ben brought to the right wey by the drede of the torment1 ne for that they yeven to other folk ensaumple to fleen fro vyces2 but ,i understande yit in another manere1 that shrewes ben more unsely whan they ne ben nat #fe punisshed1 al-be-it so that ther ne be had no resoun or lawe of correccioun1 ne non ensaumple of lokinge4' ',and what manere shal that ben1' quod ,i1 'other than hath be told her-biforn8' ',have we nat thanne graunted1' quod she1 'that goode folk #gj ben blisful1 and shrewes ben wrecches8' ',yis1' quod ,i4 ',thanne1' quod she1 'yif that any good were added to the wrecchednesse of any wight1 nis he nat more weleful than he that ne hath no medlinge of good in his solitarie wrecchednesse8' #ge ',so semeth it1' quod ,i4 ',and what seystow thanne1' quod she1 'of thilke wrecche that lakketh alle goodes1 so that no good nis medled in his wrecchednesse1 and yit1 over al his wikkednesse for which he is a wrecche1 that ther be yit another yvel anexed and knit to him1 shal nat men #hj demen him more unsely than thilke wrecche of whiche the unselinesse is releved by the participacioun of som good8' ',why sholde he nat8' quod ,i4 ',thanne1 certes1' quod she1 'han shrewes1 whan they ben punisshed1 som-what of good anexed to hir wrecchednesse1 that is #he to seyn1 the same peyne that they suffren1 which that is good by the resoun of ,iustice2 and whan thilke same shrewes ascapen with-oute torment1 than han they som-what more of yvel yit over the wikkednesse that they han don1 that is to seyn1 defaute of peyne2 which defaute of peyne1 thou hast graunted1 is yvel for #ij the deserte of felonye4' ',i ne may nat denye it1' quod ,i4 ',moche more thanne1' quod she1 'ben shrewes unsely1 whan they ben wrongfully delivered fro peyne1 than whan they ben punisshed by rightful veniaunce4 ,but this is open thing and cleer1 that it is right that shrewes ben punisshed1 and it is wikkednesse and #ie wrong that they escapen unpunisshed4' ',who mighte deneye that8' quod ,i4 ',but1' quod she1 'may any man denye that al that is right nis good2 and also the contrarie1 that al that is wrong is wikke8' ',certes1' quod ,i1 'these thinges ben clere y-nough2 and that #ajj we han concluded a litel her-biforn4 ,but ,i praye thee that thou telle me1 yif thou acordest to leten no torment to sowles1 after that the body is ended by the deeth2' this is to seyn1 understandestow aught that sowles han any torment after the deeth of the body8 ',certes1' quod she1 'ye2 and that right greet2 of which sowles1' #aje quod she1 ',i trowe that some ben tormented by asprenesse of peyne2 and some sowles1 ,i trowe1 ben exercised by a purginge mekenesse4 ,but my conseil nis nat to determinye of thise peynes4 ,but ,i have travailed and told yit hiderto1 for thou sholdest knowe that the mowinge of shrewes1 which mowinge thee semeth to ben #aaj unworthy1 nis no mowinge3 and eek of shrewes1 of which thou pleinedest that they ne were nat punisshed1 that thou woldest seen that they ne weren never-mo with-outen the torments of hir wikkednesse3 and of the licence of the mowinge to don yvel1 that thou preydest that it mighte sone ben ended1 and that thou #aae woldest fayn lernen that it ne sholde nat longe dure3 and that shrewes ben more unsely yif they were of lenger duringe1 and most unsely yif they weren perdurable4 ,and after this1 ,i have shewed thee that more unsely ben shrewes1 whan they escapen with-oute hir rightful peyne1 than whan they ben punisshed by #abj rightful veniaunce4 ,and of this sentence folweth it1 that thanne ben shrewes constreined at the laste with most grevous torment1 whan men wene that they ne be nat punisshed4' ',whan ,i consider thy resouns1' quod ,i1 ',i ne trowe nat that men seyn any-thing more verayly4 ,and yif ,i torne ayein to the #abe studies of men1 who is he to whom it sholde seme that he ne sholde nat only leven thise thinges1 but eek gladly herkne hem8' ',certes1' quod she1 'so it is2 but men may nat4 ,for they han hir eyen so wont to the derknesse of erthely thinges1 that they ne #acj may nat liften hem up to the light of cleer sothfastnesse2 but they ben lyke to briddes1 of which the night lightneth hir lokinge1 and the day blindeth hem4 ,for whan men loken nat the ordre of thinges1 but hir lustes and talents1 they wene that either the leve or the mowinge to don wikkednesse1 or elles the scapinge with-oute #ace peyne1 be weleful4 ,but consider the ,iugement of the perdurable lawe4 ,for yif thou conferme thy corage to the beste thinges1 thou ne hast no nede of no ,iuge to yeven thee prys or mede2 for thou hast ioyned thy-self to the most excellent thing4 ,and yif thou have enclyned thy studies to the wikked thinges1 ne #adj seek no foreyne wreker out of thy-self2 for thou thy-self hast thrist thy-self in-to wikke thinges3 right as thou mightest loken by dyverse tymes the foule erthe and the hevene1 and that alle other thinges stinten fro with-oute1 so that thou nere neither in hevene ne in erthe1 ne saye no-thing more2 than it sholde semen to #ade thee1 as by only resoun of lokinge1 that thou were now in the sterres and now in the erthe4 ,but the poeple ne loketh nat on thise thinges4 ,what thanne8 ,shal we thanne aprochen us to hem that ,i have shewed that they ben lyk to bestes8 ,and what woltow seyn of this3 yif that a man hadde al forlorn his sighte #aej and hadde foryeten that he ever saugh1 and wende that no-thing ne faylede him of perfeccioun of mankinde1 now we that mighten seen the same thinges1 wolde we nat wene that he were blinde8 ,ne also ne acordeth nat the poeple to that ,i shal seyn1 the which thing is sustened by a stronge foundement of resouns1 that is to #aee seyn1 that more unsely ben they that don wrong to othre folk than they that the wrong suffren4' ',i wolde heren thilke same resouns1' quod ,i4 ',denyestow1' quod she1 'that alle shrewes ne ben worthy to han torment8' #afj ',nay1' quod ,i4 ',but1' quod she1 ',i am certein1 by many resouns1 that shrewes ben unsely4' ',it acordeth1' quod ,i4 ',thanne ne doutestow nat1' quod she1 'that thilke folk that ben #afe worthy of torment1 that they ne ben wrecches8' ',it acordeth wel1' quod ,i4 ',yif thou were thanne1' quod she1 'y-set a ,iuge or a knower of thinges1 whether1 trowestow1 that men sholden tormenten him that hath don the wrong1 or elles him that hath suffred the #agj wrong8' ',i ne doute nat1' quod ,i1 'that ,i nolde don suffisaunt satisfaccioun to him that hadde suffred the wrong by the sorwe of him that hadde don the wrong4' ',thanne semeth it1' quod she1 'that the doere of wrong is #age more wrecche than he that suffred wrong8' ',that folweth wel1' quod ,i4 ',than1' quod she1 'by these causes and by othre causes that ben enforced by the same rote1 filthe or sinne1 by the propre nature of it1 maketh men wrecches2 and it sheweth wel1 that the #ahj wrong that men don nis nat the wrecchednesse of him that receyveth the wrong1 but the wrecchednesse of him that doth the wrong4 ,but certes1' quod she1 'thise oratours or advocats don al the contrarye2 for they enforcen hem to commoeve the ,iuges to han pitee of hem that han suffred and receyved the thinges that #ahe ben grevous and aspre1 and yit men sholden more rightfully han pitee of hem that don the grevaunces and the wronges2 the whiche shrewes1 it were a more covenable thing1 that the accusours or advocats1 nat wroth but pitous and debonair1 ledden tho shrewes that han don wrong to the ,iugement1 right as men #aij leden syke folk to the leche1 for that they sholde seken out the maladyes of sinne by torment4 ,and by this covenaunt1 either the entente of deffendours or advocats sholde faylen and cesen in al1 or elles1 yif the office of advocats wolde bettre profiten to men1 it sholde ben torned in-to the habite of accusacioun2 that is to #aie seyn1 they sholden accuse shrewes1 and nat excuse hem4 ,and eek the shrewes hem-self1 yif hit were leveful to hem to seen at any clifte the vertu that they han forleten1 and sawen that they sholden putten adoun the filthes of hir vyces1 by the torments of peynes1 they ne oughte nat1 right for the recompensacioun for to #bjj geten hem bountee and prowesse which that they han lost1 demen ne holden that thilke peynes weren torments to hem2 and eek they wolden refuse the attendaunce of hir advocats1 and taken hem-self to hir ,iuges and to hir accusors4 ,for which it bitydeth that1 as to the wyse folk1 ther nis no place y-leten to #bje hate2 that is to seyn1 that ne hate hath no place amonges wyse men4 ,for no wight nil haten goode men1 but-yif he were over-mochel a fool2 and for to haten shrewes1 it nis no resoun4 ,for right so as languissinge is maladye of body1 right so ben vyces and sinne maladye of corage4 ,and so as we ne deme nat1 that they that ben #baj syke of hir body ben worthy to ben hated1 but rather worthy of pitee3 wel more worthy1 nat to ben hated1 but for to ben had in pitee1 ben they of whiche the thoughtes ben constreined by felonous wikkednesse1 that is more cruel than any languissinge of #bae body4 ,,pr4 ,,iv4 #a4 ,a4 om4 it4 #c4 ,c4 ne ben2 ,a4 ne ben nat2 ,ed4 ben4 #aj4 ,c4 to2 ,a4 for4 #af4 ,a4 om4 than yif 444 coveiten4 #ai4 ,c4 languesse4 #bb4 ,a4 thre2 ,c4 the2 ,lat4 triplici4 #bf4 ,ed4 vnselynesse2 ,c4 ,a4 vnselynysses2 ,lat4 hoc infortunio4 #bi4 ,a4 to lakken 444 yvel2 ,c4 ,ed4 omit4 #cj4 ,a4 ,ed4 so short2 ,c4 the shorte2 ,lat4 tam breuibus4 #ch4 ,a4 yfinissed4 #di4 ,a4 colasioun2 ,ed4 collacyon2 ,c4 collacions2 ,lat4 collationem4 #eh4 ,a4 byen 7for abyen74 #ei4 ,a4 chastied4 #fa4 ,a4 thenk2 ,c4 thinke4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 ,ed4 coriged4 #fd4 ,a4 yitte2 ,ed4 yet2 ,c4 yif4 #ff4 ,ed4 punysshed2 ,c4 ,a4 punyssed4 #fg4 ,c4 correcsioun4 #gh4 ,c4 lakked2 ,a4 lakketh4 #hj4 ,a4 knyt2 ,c4 knytte4 #if4 ,a4 escapin4 #ii4 ,a4 nis wicked4 #aja4 ,a4 a litel2 ,c4 alyter4 #ajc4 ,a4 dedid 7for ended74 #ajh4 ,a4 this peyne2 ,lat4 de his4 #aji4 ,c4 yit2 ,ed4 yet2 ,a4 it4 #aaj4 ,c4 mowynge1 i4 myght4 #aac4 ,a4 seen2 ,c4 seyn2 uideres4 #aaf4 ,c4 dure2 ,a4 endure4 #abj4 ,a4 om4 hir4 #abd4 ,a4 resouns2 ,c4 resoun2 rationes4 #ace4 ,a4 escaping2 ,c4 schapynge 7for scapynge74 #ach4 ,c4 of no2 ,a4 to no4 #adb4 ,a4 threst the4 #adc4 ,c4 puts the foule erthe before by dyverse tymes4 #ade4 ,a4 om4 nere neither 444 erthe2 ,ed4 were in neyther 7om4 in hevene 444 erthe74 #adg4 ,a4 ,ed4 on2 ,c4 in4 #adi4 ,a4 to the bestes4 #aej4 ,a4 wilt thou4 #aec4 ,a4 thing2 eadem4 #aee4 ,c4 om4 is4 #aei4 ,a4 ,deniest thou4 #afe4 ,a4 dowtest thou4 #afh4 ,c4 ,ed4 om4 quod she4 #afi4 ,c4 om4 whether4 _/_/ ,a4 trowest thou4 #agb4 ,c4 om4 suffisaunt4 #agf4 ,c4 that 7for than74 _/_/ ,a4 that hath suffred the wrong4 #agi4 ,c4 wrongly ins4 of bef4 enforced4 _/_/ ,a4 ins4 that bef4 filthe4 #ahb1 #c4 ,c4 om4 but the 444 wrong4 #aih4 ,a4 ,ed4 sawen2 ,c4 sawh4 #aii4 ,c4 felthes4 #bji4 ,a4 languissing2 ,c4 langwissynges4 _/_/ ,c4 maledye2 ,a4 maladie4 ,,metre ,,iv4 ,quid tantos iuuat excitare motus4 ,what delyteth you to excyten so grete moevinges of hateredes1 and to hasten and bisien the fatal disposicioun of your deeth with your propre handes8 that is to seyn1 by batailes or by contek4 ,for yif ye axen the deeth1 it hasteth him of his owne wil2 ne deeth ne tarieth nat his swifte hors4 ,and the men that the serpent and #e the lyoun and the tygre and the bere and the boor seken to sleen with hir teeth1 yit thilke same men seken to sleen everich of hem other with swerd4 ,lo6 for hir maneres ben dyverse and descordaunt1 they moeven unrightful ostes and cruel batailes1 and wilnen to perisshe by entrechaunginge of dartes4 ,but the resoun of #aj crueltee nis nat y-nough rightful4 ,wiltow thanne yelden a covenable guerdoun to the desertes of men8 ,love rightfully goode folk1 and have pitee on shrewes4' ,,me4 ,,iv4 #a4 ,a4 deliteth it yow4 _/_/ ,a4 moewynges2 ,c4 moeuynge2 motus4 #e4 hors is plural2 ,lat4 equos4 _/_/ ,a4 serpentz4 #f4 ,a4 lyouns4 #h4 ,a4 discordaunt4 #aj4 ,ed4 perysshe2 ,a4 perisse2 ,c4 perise4 ,a4 ,ed4 -chaungynge2 ,c4 -chaungynges4 #ab4 ,c4 ,a4 gerdoun2 ,ed4 guerdon4 ,,prose ,v4 ,hic ego uideo inquam4 ',thus see ,i wel1' quod ,i1 'either what blisfulnesse or elles what unselinesse is establisshed in the desertes of goode men and of shrewes4 ,but in this ilke fortune of poeple ,i see somwhat of good and somwhat of yvel4 ,for no wyse man hath lever ben exyled1 poore and nedy1 and nameles1 than for to dwellen in his #e citee and flouren of richesses1 and be redoutable by honour1 and strong of power4 ,for in this wyse more cleerly and more witnesfully is the office of wyse men y-treted1 whan the blisfulnesse and the poustee of governours is1 as it were1 y-shad amonges poeples that be neighebours and subgits2 sin that1 namely1 prisoun1 lawe1 #aj and thise othre torments of laweful peynes ben rather owed to felonous citezeins1 for the whiche felonous citezeins tho peynes ben establisshed1 than for good folk4 ,thanne ,i mervaile me greetly1' quod ,i1 'why that the thinges ben so mis entrechaunged1 that torments of felonyes pressen and confounden goode folk1 and #ae shrewes ravisshen medes of vertu1 and ben in honours and in gret estats4 ,and ,i desyre eek for to witen of thee1 what semeth thee to ben the resoun of this so wrongful a conclusioun8 ,for ,i wolde wondre wel the lasse1 yif ,i trowede that al thise thinges weren medled by fortunous happe2 but now hepeth and encreseth #bj myn astonyinge god1 governour of thinges1 that1 so as god yeveth ofte tymes to gode men godes and mirthes1 and to shrewes yveles and aspre thinges3 and yeveth ayeinward to gode folk hardnesses1 and to shrewes he graunteth hem hir wil and that they desyren3 what difference thanne may ther be bitwixen that that #be god doth1 and the happe of fortune1 yif men ne knowe nat the cause why that it is8' ',ne it nis no mervaile1' quod she1 'though that men wenen that ther be somewhat folissh and confuse1 whan the resoun of the ordre is unknowe4 ,but al-though that thou ne knowe nat the #cj cause of so greet a disposicioun1 natheles1 for as moche as god1 the gode governour1 atempreth and governeth the world1 ne doute thee nat that alle thinges ben doon a-right4 ,,pr4 ,v4 #d4 ,c4 hath leuere2 ,a4 hath nat leuer2 ,ed4 had not leuer4 #h4 ,a4 ,ed4 witnes-2 ,c4 witnesse-4 #aj4 ,a4 neyghbours2 ,c4 nesshebors4 #ag4 ,a4 witen2 ,c4 weten4 #ba4 ,c4 ,a4 astonyenge4 #be4 ,c4 defference4 #bh4 ,c4 ,ne it nis2 ,a4 it nis4 #cc4 ,c4 ben2 ,a4 ne ben4 ,,metre ,v4 ,si quis ,arcturi sidera nescit4 ,who-so that ne knowe nat the sterres of ,arcture1 y-torned neigh to the soverein contree or point1 that is to seyn1 y-torned neigh to the soverein pool of the firmament1 and wot nat why the sterre ,bootes passeth or gadereth his weynes1 and drencheth his late flambes in the see1 and why that ,bootes the sterre unfoldeth his #e over-swifte arysinges1 thanne shal he wondren of the lawe of the heye eyr4 ,and eek1 yif that he ne knowe nat why that the hornes of the fulle mone wexen pale and infect by the boundes of the derke night2 and how the mone1 derk and confuse1 discovereth the sterres that #aj she hadde y-covered by hir clere visage4 ,the comune errour moeveth folk1 and maketh wery hir basins of bras by thikke strokes2 that is to seyn1 that ther is a maner of poeple that highte ,coribantes1 that wenen that1 whan the mone is in the eclipse1 that it be enchaunted2 and therfore1 for to rescowe the mone1 they beten hir #ae basins with thikke strokes4 ,ne no man ne wondreth whan the blastes of the wind ,chorus beten the strondes of the see by quakinge flodes2 ne no man ne wondreth whan the weighte of the snowe1 y-harded by the colde1 is resolved by the brenninge hete of ,phebus the sonne2 for heer #bj seen men redely the causes4 ,but the causes y-hid1 that is to seyn1 in hevene1 troublen the brestes of men2 the moevable poeple is astoned of alle thinges that comen selde and sodeinly in our age4 ,but yif the troubly errour of our ignoraunce departede fro us1 so that we wisten the #be causes why that swiche thinges bi-tyden1 certes1 they sholden cese to seme wondres4' ,,me4 ,v4 #a4 ,ed4 ,arcture2 ,c4 ,arctour2 ,a4 aritour4 #d4 ,ed4 ,bootes2 ,c4 ,a4 boetes 7twice74 #i4 ,a4 ,ed4 by the2 ,c4 by4 #aa4 ,a4 ,ed4 had2 ,c4 hadde4 #ab4 ,c4 basynnes 7#ast time72 basyns 7#bnd74 #ad4 ,ed4 ,coribantes2 ,c4 ,a4 coribandes4 #ag4 ,a4 ,ed4 blastes2 ,c4 blases4 #ah4 ,a4 ,ed4 man ne2 ,c4 manne4 #ai4 ,a4 ,ed4 the snowe2 ,c4 sonwh 7sic2 om4 the74 ,,prose ,,vi4 ,ita est1 inquam4 ',thus is it1' quod ,i4 ',but so as thou hast yeven or bi-hight me to unwrappen the hid causes of thinges1 and to discovere me the resouns covered with derknesses1 ,i prey thee that thou devyse and iuge me of this matere1 and that thou do me to understonden it2 for this miracle or this wonder troubleth me right gretly4' #e ,and thanne she1 a litel what smylinge1 seyde3 'thou clepest me1' quod she1 'to telle thing that is grettest of alle thinges that mowen ben axed1 and to the whiche questioun unnethes is ther aught y-nough to laven it2 as who seyth1 unnethes is ther suffisauntly anything to answere parfitly to thy questioun4 ,for the #aj matere of it is swich1 that whan o doute is determined and cut awey1 ther wexen other doutes with-oute number2 right as the hevedes wexen of ,ydre1 the serpent that ,ercules slowh4 ,ne ther ne were no manere ne non ende1 but-yif that a wight constreinede tho doutes by a right lyfly and quik fyr of thought2 that is to #ae seyn1 by vigour and strengthe of wit4 ,for in this manere men weren wont to maken questions of the simplicitee of the purviaunce of god1 and of the order of destinee1 and of sodein happe1 and of the knowinge and predestinacioun divyne1 and of the libertee of free wille2 the whiche thinges thou thy-self #bj aperceyvest wel1 of what weight they ben4 ,but for as mochel as the knowinge of thise thinges is a maner porcioun of the medicine of thee1 al-be-it so that ,i have litel tyme to don it1 yit natheles ,i wol enforcen me to shewe somwhat of it4 ,but al-thogh the norisshinges of ditee of musike delyteth thee1 thou #be most suffren and forberen a litel of thilke delyte1 whyle that ,i weve to thee resouns y-knit by ordre4' ',as it lyketh to thee1' quod ,i1 'so do4' ,tho spak she right as by another biginninge1 and seyde thus4 ',the engendringe of alle thinges1' quod she1 'and alle the progressiouns of muable #cj nature1 and al that moeveth in any manere1 taketh his causes1 his ordre1 and his formes1 of the stablenesse of the divyne thoght2 and thilke divyne thought1 that is y-set and put in the tour1 that is to seyn1 in the heighte1 of the simplicitee of god1 stablissheth many maner gyses to thinges that ben to done2 the whiche #ce maner1 whan that men loken it in thilke pure clennesse of the divyne intelligence1 it is y-cleped purviaunce2 but whan thilke maner is referred by men to thinges that it moveth and disponeth1 thanne of olde men it was cleped destinee4 ,the whiche thinges1 yif that any wight loketh wel in his thought the strengthe of that #dj oon and of that other1 he shal lightly mowen seen1 that thise two thinges ben dyverse4 ,for purviaunce is thilke divyne reson that is establisshed in the soverein prince of thinges2 the whiche purviaunce disponeth alle thinges4 ,but destinee is the disposicioun and ordinaunce clyvinge to moevable thinges1 by the whiche #de disposicioun the purviaunce knitteth alle thinges in hir ordres2 for purviaunce embraceth alle thinges to-hepe1 al-thogh that they ben dyverse1 and al-thogh they ben infinite2 but destinee departeth and ordeineth alle thinges singulerly1 and divyded in moevinges1 in places1 in formes1 in tymes1 as thus3 lat the #ej unfoldinge of temporel ordinaunce1 assembled and ooned in the lokinge of the divyne thought1 be cleped purviaunce2 and thilke same assemblinge and ooninge1 divyded and unfolden by tymes1 lat that ben called destinee4 ,and al-be-it so that thise thinges ben dyverse1 yit natheles hangeth that oon on that other2 for-why #ee the order destinal procedeth of the simplicitee of purviaunce4 ,for right as a werkman1 that aperceyveth in his thoght the forme of the thing that he wol make1 and moeveth the effect of the werk1 and ledeth that he hadde loked biforn in his thoght simply and presently1 by temporel ordinaunce3 certes1 right so god #fj disponeth in his purviaunce1 singulerly and stably1 the thinges that ben to done1 but he aministreth in many maneres and in dyverse tymes1 by destinee1 thilke same thinges that he hath disponed4 ,thanne1 whether that destinee be exercysed outher by some #fe divyne spirits1 servaunts to the divyne purviaunce1 or elles by som sowle1 or elles by alle nature servinge to god1 or elles by the celestial moevinges of sterres1 or elles by the vertu of angeles1 or elles by the dyverse subtilitee of develes1 or elles by any of hem1 or elles by hem alle1 the destinal ordinaunce is y-woven and #gj acomplisshed4 ,certes1 it is open thing1 that the purviaunce is an unmoevable and simple forme of thinges to done2 and the moveable bond and the temporel ordinaunce of thinges1 whiche that the divyne simplicitee of purviaunce hath ordeyned to done1 that is destinee4 ,for which it is1 that alle thinges that ben put #ge under destinee ben1 certes1 subgits to purviaunce1 to whiche purviaunce destinee itself is subgit and under4 ,but some thinges ben put under purviaunce1 that surmounten the ordinaunce of destinee2 and tho ben thilke that stably ben y-ficched negh to the firste godhed3 they surmounten the ordre of destinal moevabletee4 #hj ,for right as of cercles that tornen a-boute a same centre or a-boute a poynt1 thilke cercle that is innerest or most with-inne ioyneth to the simplesse of the middel1 and is1 as it were1 a centre or a poynt to that other cercles that tornen a-bouten him2 and thilke that is outterest1 compassed by larger envyronninge1 is unfolden by #he larger spaces1 in so moche as it is forthest fro the middel simplicitee of the poynt2 and yif ther be any-thing that knitteth and felawshippeth him-self to thilke middel poynt1 it is constreined in-to simplicitee1 that is to seyn1 in-to unmoevabletee1 and it ceseth to be shad and to fleten dyversely3 right so1 by semblable resoun1 #ij thilke thing that departeth forthest fro the first thoght of god1 it is unfolden and summitted to gretter bondes of destinee3 and in so moche is the thing more free and laus fro destinee1 as it axeth and holdeth him ner to thilke centre of thinges1 that is to seyn1 god4 ,and yif the thing clyveth to the stedefastnesse of the thoght of god1 #ie and be with-oute moevinge1 certes1 it sormounteth the necessitee of destinee4 ,thanne right swich comparisoun as it is of skilinge to understondinge1 and of thing that is engendred to thing that is1 and of tyme to eternitee1 and of the cercle to the centre1 right so is the ordre of moevable destinee to the stable simplicitee of purviaunce4 #ajj ,thilke ordinaunce moeveth the hevene and the sterres1 and atempreth the elements to-gider amonges hem-self1 and transformeth hem by entrechaungeable mutacioun2 and thilke same ordre neweth ayein alle thinges growinge and fallinge a-doun1 by semblable progressiouns of sedes and of sexes1 that is to seyn1 #aje male and femele4 ,and this ilke ordre constreineth the fortunes and the dedes of men by a bond of causes1 nat able to ben unbounde2 the whiche destinal causes1 whan they passen out fro the biginninges of the unmoevable purviaunce1 it mot nedes be that they ne be nat mutable4 ,and thus ben the thinges ful wel y-governed1 #aaj yif that the simplicitee dwellinge in the divyne thoght sheweth forth the ordre of causes1 unable to ben y-bowed2 and this ordre constreineth by his propre stabletee the moevable thinges1 or elles they sholden fleten folily4 ,for which it is1 that alle thinges semen to ben confus and trouble to us men1 for we ne mowen nat considere #aae thilke ordinaunce2 natheles1 the propre maner of every thinge1 dressinge hem to goode1 disponeth hem alle4 ,for ther nis no-thing don for cause of yvel2 ne thilke thing that is don by wikkede folk nis nat don for yvel4 ,the whiche shrewes1 as ,i have shewed ful plentivously1 seken good1 but #abj wikked errour mistorneth hem1 ne the ordre cominge fro the poynt of soverein good ne declyneth nat fro his biginninge4 ,but thou mayst seyn1 what unreste may ben a worse confusioun than that gode men han somtyme adversitee and somtyme prosperitee1 and shrewes also now han thinges that they desiren1 and now #abe thinges that they haten8 ,whether men liven now in swich hoolnesse of thoght1 7as who seyth1 ben men now so wyse71 that swiche folk as they demen to ben gode folk or shrewes1 that it moste nedes ben that folk ben swiche as they wenen8 ,but in this manere the domes of men discorden1 that thilke men that #acj some folk demen worthy of mede1 other folk demen hem worthy of torment4 ,but lat us graunte1 ,i pose that som man may wel demen or knowen the gode folk and the badde2 may he thanne knowen and seen thilke innereste atempraunce of corages1 as it hath ben wont to be seyd of bodies2 as who seyth1 may a man speken and #ace determinen of atempraunces in corages1 as men were wont to demen or speken of complexiouns and atempraunces of bodies8 ,ne it ne is nat an unlyk miracle1 to hem that ne knowen it nat1 7as who seith1 but it is lyke a merveil or a miracle to hem that ne knowen it nat71 why that swete thinges ben covenable to some bodies that ben hole1 and to #adj some bodies bittere thinges ben covenable2 and also1 why that some syke folk ben holpen with lighte medicynes1 and some folk ben holpen with sharpe medicynes4 ,but natheles1 the leche that knoweth the manere and the atempraunce of hele and of maladye1 ne merveileth of it no-thing4 ,but what other thing semeth hele #ade of corages but bountee and prowesse8 ,and what other thing semeth maladye of corages but vyces8 ,who is elles kepere of good or dryver awey of yvel1 but god1 governour and lecher of thoughtes8 ,the whiche god1 whan he hath biholden from the heye tour of his purveaunce1 he knoweth what is covenable to #aej every wight1 and leneth hem that he wot that is covenable to hem4 ,lo1 her-of comth and her-of is don this noble miracle of the ordre destinal1 whan god1 that al knoweth1 doth swiche thing1 of which thing that unknowinge folk ben astoned4 ,but for to constreine1 as who seyth1 but for to comprehende and telle a fewe thinges of the #aee divyne deepnesse1 the whiche that mannes resoun may understonde1 thilke man that thou wenest to ben right ,iuste and right kepinge of equitee1 the contrarie of that semeth to the divyne purveaunce1 that al wot4 ,and ,lucan1 my familer1 telleth that the victorious cause lykede to the goddes1 and the cause over-comen #afj lykede to ,catoun4 ,thanne1 what-so-ever thou mayst seen that is don in this werld unhoped or unwened1 certes1 it is the right ordre of thinges2 but1 as to thy wikkede opinioun1 it is a confusioun4 ,but ,i suppose that som man be so wel y-thewed1 that the divyne ,iugement and the ,iugement of mankinde acorden #afe hem to-gider of him2 but he is so unstedefast of corage1 that1 yif any adversitee come to him1 he wol forleten1 par-aventure1 to continue innocence1 by the whiche he ne may nat with-holden fortune4 ,thanne the wyse dispensacioun of god spareth him1 the whiche man adversitee mighte enpeyren2 for that god wol nat #agj suffren him to travaile1 to whom that travaile nis nat covenable4 ,another man is parfit in alle vertues1 and is an holy man1 and negh to god1 so that the purviaunce of god wolde demen1 that it were a felonye that he were touched with any adversitees2 so that he wol nat suffre that swich a man be moeved with any #age bodily maladye4 ,but so as seyde a philosophre1 the more excellent by me3 he seyde in ,grek1 that vertues han edified the body of the holy man4 ,and ofte tyme it bitydeth1 that the somme of thinges that ben to done is taken to governe to gode folk1 for that the malice haboundaunt of shrewes sholde ben abated4 ,and god #ahj yeveth and departeth to othre folk prosperitees and adversitees y-medled to-hepe1 after the qualitee of hir corages1 and remordeth som folk by adversitee1 for they ne sholde nat wexen proude by longe welefulnesse4 ,and other folk he suffreth to ben travailed with harde thinges1 for that they sholden confermen the vertues #ahe of corage by the usage and exercitacioun of pacience4 ,and other folk dreden more than they oughten that whiche they mighten wel beren2 and somme dispyse that they mowe nat beren2 and thilke folk god ledeth in-to experience of himself by aspre and sorwful thinges4 ,and many othre folk han bought #aij honourable renoun of this world by the prys of glorious deeth4 ,and som men1 that ne mowen nat ben overcomen by torments1 have yeven ensaumple to othre folk1 that vertu may nat ben overcomen by adversitees2 and of alle thinges ther nis no doute1 that they ne ben don rightfully and ordenely1 to the profit of hem to #aie whom we seen thise thinges bityde4 ,for certes1 that adversitee comth somtyme to shrewes1 and somtyme that that they desiren1 it comth of thise forseide causes4 ,and of sorwful thinges that bityden to shrewes1 certes1 no man ne wondreth2 for alle men wenen that they han wel deserved it1 and that they ben of #bjj wikkede merite2 of whiche shrewes the torment somtyme agasteth othre to don felonyes1 and somtyme it amendeth hem that suffren the torments4 ,and the prosperitee that is yeven to shrewes sheweth a greet argument to gode folk1 what thing they sholde demen of thilke welefulnesse1 the whiche prosperitee men seen #bje ofte serven to shrewes4 ,in the which thing ,i trowe that god dispenseth2 for1 per-aventure1 the nature of som man is so overthrowinge to yvel1 and so uncovenable1 that the nedy povertee of his houshold mighte rather egren him to don felonyes4 ,and to the maladye of him god putteth remedie1 to yeven him richesses4 #baj ,and som other man biholdeth his conscience defouled with sinnes1 and maketh comparisoun of his fortune and of him-self2 and dredeth1 per-aventure1 that his blisfulnesse1 of which the usage is ,ioyeful to him1 that the lesinge of thilke blisfulnesse ne be nat sorwful to him2 and therfor he wol chaunge his maneres1 and1 for #bae he dredeth to lese his fortune1 he forleteth his wikkednesse4 ,to othre folk is welefulnesse y-yeven unworthily1 the whiche overthroweth hem in-to distruccioun that they han deserved4 ,and to som othre folk is yeven power to punisshen1 for that it shal be cause of continuacioun and exercysinge to gode folk and cause of #bbj torment to shrewes4 ,for so as ther nis non alyaunce by-twixe gode folk and shrewes1 ne shrewes ne mowen nat acorden amonges hem-self4 ,and why nat8 ,for shrewes discorden of hem-self by hir vyces1 the whiche vyces al to-renden hir consciences2 and don ofte tyme thinges1 the whiche thinges1 whan they han don hem1 #bbe they demen that tho thinges ne sholden nat han ben don4 ,for which thing thilke soverein purveaunce hath maked ofte tyme fair miracle2 so that shrewes han maked shrewes to ben gode men4 ,for whan that som shrewes seen that they suffren wrongfully felonyes of othre shrewes1 they wexen eschaufed in-to hate of hem #bcj that anoyeden hem1 and retornen to the frut of vertu1 whan they studien to ben unlyk to hem that they han hated4 ,certes1 only this is the divyne might1 to the whiche might yveles ben thanne gode1 whan it useth tho yveles covenably1 and draweth out the effect of any gode2 as who seyth1 that yvel is good only to the might #bce of god1 for the might of god ordeyneth thilke yvel to good4 ,for oon ordre embraseth alle thinges1 so that what wight that departeth fro the resoun of thilke ordre which that is assigned to him1 algates yit he slydeth in-to another ordre1 so that no-thing nis leveful to folye in the reame of the divyne purviaunce2 as who #bdj seyth1 nothing nis with-outen ordinaunce in the reame of the divyne purviaunce2 sin that the right stronge god governeth alle thinges in this world4 ,for it nis nat leveful to man to comprehenden by wit1 ne unfolden by word1 alle the subtil ordinaunces and disposiciouns of the divyne entente4 ,for only it oughte suffise to #bde han loked1 that god him-self1 maker of alle natures1 ordeineth and dresseth alle thinges to gode2 whyl that he hasteth to with-holden the thinges that he hath maked in-to his semblaunce1 that is to seyn1 for to with-holden thinges in-to good1 for he him-self is good1 he chaseth out al yvel fro the boundes of his comunalitee by the #bej ordre of necessitee destinable4 ,for which it folweth1 that yif thou loke the purviaunce ordeininge the thinges that men wenen ben outrageous or haboundant in erthes1 thou ne shalt nat seen in no place no-thing of yvel4 ,but ,i see now that thou art charged with the weighte of the questioun1 and wery with the lengthe of my #bee resoun2 and that thou abydest som sweetnesse of songe4 ,tak thanne this draught2 and whan thou art wel refresshed and refect1 thou shal be more stedefast to stye in-to heyere questiouns4 ,,pr4 ,,vi4 #d4 ,a4 ,ed4 do2 ,c4 don4 #e4 ,c4 meracle4 #f4 ,a4 om4 what4 #ac4 ,a4 ,ed4 ,hercules4 ,c4 slowh2 ,a4 ,ed4 slough4 #ba4 ,c4 wyht4 #bb1 #c4 ,a4 to the medicine to the4 #be4 ,c4 norysynges4 #bg4 ,c4 ,a4 weue2 glossed contexo4 #bh4 ,a4 ,tho2 ,c4 ,so4 #cj4 ,a4 progressiouns2 ,c4 progressioun2 progressus4 #dh4 ,c4 ,ed4 infynyte2 ,a4 with-outen fyn4 #di4 ,c4 dyuydyd2 ,a4 ,ed4 diuideth2 distributa4 #ej4 ,after tymes ,a4 ins4 departith 7om4 as74 _/_/ ,c4 lat2 ,ed4 ,let2 ,a4 so that4 #eb4 ,ed4 be cleaped2 ,c4 ,a4 is 7see #ed74 #ee4 ,a4 ,ed4 on2 ,c4 of4 #eg4 ,c4 om4 a4 #ei4 ,c4 symplely4 #fj4 ,c4 ,ed4 ordinaunce2 ,a4 thought4 #fa4 ,c4 stablely4 #fd4 ,c4 desponed4 #fe4 ,c4 weyther4 ,c4 destyn 7miswritten74 #fg4 ,c4 ,a4 sowle2 glossed anima mundi4 #fh4 ,c4 om4 the bef4 vertu4 #ga4 ,c4 acomplyssed2 ,a4 accomplissed4 #gi4 ,c4 stablely4 ,a4 yficched2 ,c4 y-fechched2 ,ed4 fyxed4 #hj4 ,ed4 mouablyte2 ,a4 moeuablite4 #ha4 ,a4 ,ed4 om4 of4 #he4 ,a4 ,ed4 larger2 ,c4 a large4 #hf4 ,c4 ,ed4 fertherest2 ,a4 forthest4 #ia4 ,c4 ,a4 fyrthest 7see #hf74 #ic4 ,a4 lovs2 ,ed4 loce4 #if4 ,c4 necissite4 #ajc4 ,c4 mutasioun4 #aje4 ,a4 ,ed4 progressiouns2 ,c4 progressioun2 ,lat4 progressus4 #ajf4 ,a4 female4 #ajg4 ,a4 unbounden2 glossed indissolubili4 #acg4 ,after bodies1 ,a4 has 'quasi non4' #aci4 ,c4 om4 #bnd a4 #adb1 #c4 ,a4 om4 and some 444 medicynes4 #adh4 ,a4 leecher4 #aei4 ,a4 familier4 #afj4 ,ed4 victoriouse2 ,c4 ,a4 victories2 uictricem4 #afd4 ,c4 sopose4 #aff4 ,c4 om4 so4 #agf4 bodily ,a4 manere4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 the more 444 by me2 me quoque excellentior4 ,a4 has3 the aduersites comen nat1 he seide in grec1 there that vertues4 #ahf4 ,c4 corages 7animi74 _/_/ ,c4 excercitacion4 #ahg4 ,all the 7for that47 #ahh1 #i4 ,ed4 and some 444 not beare2 ,c4 ,a4 om4 #aia4 ,c4 of the2 ,a4 ,ed4 of4 #aie4 ,a4 ordeinly4 #bjb4 ,c4 ,ed4 felonies2 ,a4 folies4 #baj4 ,a4 puttith2 ,c4 pittyth4 _/_/ ,a4 rychesse4 #bac4 ,a4 his2 ,c4 is4 #bai4 ,c4 ,a4 punyssen2 ,ed4 punysshen4 #bbj4 ,c4 excercisynge4 #bbb4 ,a4 ,ed4 accorden2 ,c4 acordy4 #bbh4 ,after maked ,a4 ins4 oftyme 7not in ,lat474 #bcb4 ,c4 om4 studien4 #bce4 ,a4 by 7for to74 #bch4 ,c4 assyngned4 #bdj4 ,a4 realme 7twice74 #bdc4 ,a4 to no man4 #bdg4 ,c4 wyl2 ,a4 while4 #bec4 ,ed4 outragyous2 ,c4 outraious2 ,a4 om4 #bee4 ,c4 the lengthe2 ,a4 ,ed4 om4 the4 #beg4 ,a4 refet4 #beh4 ,c4 stydefast4 ,,metre ,,vi4 ,si uis celsi iura tonantis4 ,if thou1 wys1 wilt demen in thy pure thought the rightes or the lawes of the heye thonderer1 that is to seyn1 of god1 loke thou and bihold the heightes of the soverein hevene4 ,there kepen the sterres1 by rightful alliaunce of thinges1 hir olde pees4 ,the sonne1 y-moeved by his rody fyr1 ne distorbeth nat the colde cercle of #e the mone4 ,ne the sterre y-cleped the ,bere1 that enclyneth his ravisshinge courses abouten the soverein heighte of the worlde1 ne the same sterre ,ursa nis never-mo wasshen in the depe westrene see1 ne coveiteth nat to deyen his flaumbes in the see of the occian1 al-thogh he see othre sterres y-plounged in the see4 ,and ,hesperus #aj the sterre bodeth and telleth alwey the late nightes2 and ,lucifer the sterre bringeth ayein the clere day4 ,and thus maketh ,love entrechaungeable the perdurable courses2 and thus is discordable bataile y-put out of the contree of the sterres4 ,this acordaunce atempreth by evenelyk maneres the #ae elements1 that the moiste thinges1 stryvinge with the drye thinges1 yeven place by stoundes2 and the colde thinges ioynen hem by feyth to the hote thinges2 and that the lighte fyr aryseth in-to heighte2 and the hevy erthes avalen by hir weightes4 ,by thise same causes the floury yeer yildeth swote smelles in the firste #bj somer-sesoun warminge2 and the hote somer dryeth the cornes2 and autumpne comth ayein1 hevy of apples2 and the fletinge reyn bideweth the winter4 ,this atempraunce norissheth and bringeth forth al thing that bretheth lyf in this world2 and thilke same atempraunce1 ravisshinge1 hydeth and binimeth1 and drencheth #be under the laste deeth1 alle thinges y-born4 ,amonges thise thinges sitteth the heye maker1 king and lord1 welle and biginninge1 lawe and wys ,iuge1 to don equitee2 and governeth and enclyneth the brydles of thinges4 ,and tho thinges that he stereth to gon by moevinge1 he withdraweth and aresteth2 #cj and affermeth the moevable or wandringe thinges4 ,for yif that he ne clepede ayein the right goinge of thinges1 and yif that he ne constreinede hem nat eft-sones in-to roundnesses enclynede1 the thinges that ben now continued by stable ordinaunce1 they sholden departen from hir welle1 that is to seyn1 from hir biginninge1 and #ce faylen1 that is to seyn1 torne in-to nought4 ,this is the comune ,love to alle thinges2 and alle thinges axen to ben holden by the fyn of good4 ,for elles ne mighten they nat lasten1 yif they ne come nat eft-sones ayein1 by ,love retorned1 to the cause that hath yeven hem beinge1 that is to seyn1 to god4 #dj ,,me4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,a4 om4 wys2 ,lat4 sollers4 #c4 ,c4 the souereyn2 ,a4 om4 the4 #e4 ,c4 clerke 7672 for cercle4 #g4 ,c4 cours 7meatus72 see #ac4 #i4 ,a4 dyghen2 ,c4 deeyn1 glossed tingere2 ,ed4 deyen4 #aj4 ,a4 in-to 7for in74 #af4 ,a4 striuen nat with the drye thinges1 but yiuen4 #bd4 ,a4 al2 ,c4 alle4 _/_/ ,a4 bredith2 ,c4 ,ed4 bereth2 read bretheth 7spirat74 #ca4 ,c4 om4 the4 #ce4 ,a4 bygynnynge2 ,c4 bygynge4 ,,prose ,,vii4 ,iamne igitur uides4 ,seestow nat thanne what thing folweth alle the thinges that ,i have seyd8' ,boece4 ',what thing8' quod ,i4 ',certes1' quod she1 'al-outrely1 that alle fortune is good4' ',and how may that be8' quod ,i4 ',now understand1' quod she1 'so as alle fortune1 whether so it #e be ,ioyeful fortune or aspre fortune1 is yeven either by cause of guerdoning or elles of exercysinge of good folk1 or elles by cause to punisshen or elles chastysen shrewes2 thanne is alle fortune good1 the whiche fortune is certein that it be either rightful or elles profitable4' #aj ',forsothe1 this is a ful verray resoun1' quod ,i2 'and yif ,i consider the purviaunce and the destinee that thou taughtest me a litel her-biforn1 this sentence is sustened by stedefast resouns4 ,but yif it lyke unto thee1 lat us noumbren hem amonges thilke thinges1 of whiche thou seydest a litel her-biforn1 that they ne were #ae nat able to ben wened to the poeple4' ',why so8' quod she4 ',for that the comune word of men1' quod ,i1 'misuseth this maner speche of fortune1 and seyn ofte tymes that the fortune of som wight is wikkede4' ',wiltow thanne1' quod she1 'that ,i aproche a litel to the wordes #bj of the poeple1 so that it seme nat to hem that ,i be overmoche departed as fro the usage of mankinde8' ',as thou wolt1' quod ,i4 ',demestow nat1' quod she1 'that al thing that profiteth is good8' ',yis1' quod ,i4 #be ',and certes1 thilke thing that exercyseth or corigeth1 profiteth8' ',i confesse it wel1' quod ,i4 ',thanne is it good8' quod she4 ',why nat8' quod ,i4 ',but this is the fortune1' quod she1 'of hem that either ben put #cj in vertu and batailen ayeins aspre thinges1 or elles of hem that eschuen and declynen fro vyces and taken the wey of vertu4' ',this ne may ,i nat denye1' quod ,i4 ',but what seystow of the mery fortune that is yeven to good folk in guerdoun8 ,demeth aught the poeple that it is wikked8' #ce ',nay1 forsothe1' quod ,i2 'but they demen1 as it sooth is1 that it is right good4' ',and what seystow of that other fortune1' quod she1 'that1 al-thogh that it be aspre1 and restreineth the shrewes by rightful torment1 weneth aught the poeple that it be good8' #dj ',nay1' quod ,i1 'but the poeple demeth that it is most wrecched of alle thinges that may ben thought4' ',war now1 and loke wel1' quod she1 'lest that we1 in folwinge the opinioun of the poeple1 have confessed and concluded thing that is unable to be wened to the poeple4 #de ',what is that8' quod ,i4 ',certes1' quod she1 'it folweth or comth of thinges that ben graunted1 that alle fortune1 what-so-ever it be1 of hem that ben either in possessioun of vertu1 or in the encres of vertu1 or elles in the purchasinge of vertu1 that thilke fortune is good2 and that alle #ej fortune is right wikkede to hem that dwellen in shrewednesse2' as who seyth1 and thus weneth nat the poeple4 ',that is sooth1' quod ,i1 'al-be-it so that no man dar confesse it ne biknowen it4' ',why so8' quod she2 'for right as the stronge man ne semeth #ee nat to abaissen or disdaignen as ofte tyme as he hereth the noise of the bataile1 ne also it ne semeth nat1 to the wyse man1 to beren it grevously1 as ofte as he is lad in-to the stryf of fortune4 ,for bothe to that oon man and eek to that other thilke difficultee is the matere2 to that oon man1 of encres of his glorious renoun1 #fj and to that other man1 to confirme his sapience1 that is to seyn1 to the asprenesse of his estat4 ,for therfore is it called vertu1 for that it susteneth and enforseth1 by hise strengthes1 that it nis nat overcomen by adversitees4 ,ne certes1 thou that art put in the encres or in the heighte of vertu1 ne hast nat comen to fleten with #fe delices1 and for to welken in bodily luste2 thou sowest or plauntest a ful egre bataile in thy corage ayeins every fortune3 for that the sorwful fortune ne confounde thee nat1 ne that the merye fortune ne corumpe thee nat1 occupye the mene by stedefast strengthes4 ,for al that ever is under the mene1 or elles al that overpasseth the #gj mene1 despyseth welefulnesse 7as who seyth1 it is vicious71 and ne hath no mede of his travaile4 ,for it is set in your hand 7as who seyth1 it lyth in your power7 what fortune yow is levest1 that is to seyn1 good or yvel4 ,for alle fortune that semeth sharp or aspre1 yif it ne exercyse nat the gode folk ne chastyseth the wikked folk1 it #ge punissheth4 ,,pr4 ,,vii4 #a4 ,a4 ,sest thou2 ,c4 ,sestow4 #e1 #f4 ,a4 om4 alle 444 aspre4 #g4 ,ed4 guerdonyng2 ,c4 ,a4 gerdonynge4 _/_/ ,c4 excersisinge4 #af4 ,a4 ywened4 #bj4 ,a4 proche4 #bd4 ,a4 ,demest thou2 ,ed4 ,wenest thou4 ,a4 al2 ,c4 alle4 #bf4 ,c4 excersiseth4 ,c4 corigit2 ,a4 corigith2 ,ed4 corrygeth4 #cd4 ,a4 seist thou4 #ce4 ,ed4 guerdon2 ,c4 ,a4 gerdoun4 ,c4 ,ed4 demeth2 ,a4 deuinith2 decernit4 ,a4 poeples2 uulgus4 #ch4 ,a4 seist thou4 #da4 ,c4 ,ed4 is2 ,a4 be4 #di4 ,a4 om4 or in 444 vertu4 #ee4 ,c4 the stronge2 ,a4 no strong4 #ef4 ,ed4 abasshen2 ,a4 abassen4 #ff4 ,a4 welken2 ,ed4 walken2 ,c4 wellen2 emarcescere4 #fi4 ,a4 ,ed4 corrumpe4 ,c4 ,ocupye2 ,a4 ,occupy4 ,c4 stydefast4 #ge4 ,c4 excersyse4 #gf4 ,c4 punysseth2 ,a4 punisseth4 ,,metre ,,vii4 ,bella bis quinis operatus annis4 ,the wreker ,attrides1 that is to seyn1 ,agamenon1 that wroughte and continuede the batailes by ten yeer1 recovered and purgede in wrekinge1 by the destruccioun of ,troye1 the loste chaumbres of mariage of his brother2 this is to seyn1 that he1 ,agamenon1 wan ayein ,eleyne1 that was ,menelaus wyf his brother4 ,in the mene #e whyle that thilke ,agamenon desirede to yeven sayles to the ,grekissh navye1 and boughte ayein the windes by blood1 he unclothede him of pitee of fader2 and the sory preest yiveth in sacrifyinge the wrecched cuttinge of throte of the doughter2 that is to seyn1 that ,agamenon let cutten the throte of his doughter by the #aj preest1 to maken allyaunce with his goddes1 and for to han winde with whiche he mighte wenden to ,troye4 ,itacus1 that is to seyn1 ,ulixes1 biwepte his felawes y-lorn1 the whiche felawes the ferse ,poliphemus1 ligginge in his grete cave1 hadde freten and dreynt in his empty wombe4 ,but natheles #ae ,poliphemus1 wood for his blinde visage1 yald to ,ulixes ,ioye by his sorwful teres2 this is to seyn1 that ,ulixes smoot out the eye of ,poliphemus that stood in his forehed1 for which ,ulixes hadde ,ioye1 whan he say ,poliphemus wepinge and blinde4 ,hercules is celebrable for his harde travailes2 he dauntede the #bj proude ,centaures1 half hors1 half man2 and he birafte the dispoylinge fro the cruel lyoun1 that is to seyn1 he slowh the lyoun and rafte him his skin4 ,he smoot the briddes that highten ,arpyes with certein arwes4 ,he ravisshede apples fro the wakinge dragoun1 and his hand was the more hevy for the goldene metal4 #be ,he drow ,cerberus1 the hound of helle1 by his treble cheyne4 ,he1 overcomer1 as it is seyd1 hath put an unmeke lord foddre to his cruel hors2 this is to seyn1 that ,hercules slowh ,diomedes1 and made his hors to freten him4 ,and he1 ,hercules1 slowh ,ydra the serpent1 and brende the venim4 ,and ,achelous the flood1 defouled in his #cj forhed1 dreynte his shamefast visage in his strondes2 this is to seyn1 that ,achelous coude transfigure him-self in-to dyverse lyknesses2 and1 as he faught with ,hercules1 at the laste he tornede him in-to a bole2 and ,hercules brak of oon of his hornes1 and he1 for shame1 hidde him in his river4 ,and he1 ,hercules1 caste adoun ,antheus #ce the gyaunt in the strondes of ,libie2 and ,cacus apaysede the wratthes of ,evander2 this is to seyn1 that ,hercules slowh the monstre ,cacus1 and apaysede with that deeth the wratthe of ,evander4 ,and the bristlede boor markede with scomes the shuldres of ,hercules1 the whiche shuldres the heye cercle of #dj hevene sholde thriste4 ,and the laste of his labours was1 that he sustened the hevene up-on his nekke unbowed2 and he deservede eft-sones the hevene1 to ben the prys of his laste travaile4 ,goth now thanne1 ye stronge men1 ther-as the heye wey of the grete ensaumple ledeth yow4 ,o nyce men1 why nake ye youre #de bakkes8 ,as who seyth3 ,o ye slowe and delicat men1 why flee ye adversitees1 and ne fighten nat ayeins hem by vertu1 to winnen the mede of the hevene8 ,for the erthe1 overcomen1 yeveth the sterres'2 this is to seyn1 that1 whan that erthely lust is overcomen1 a man is maked worthy to the hevene4 #ej ,,me4 ,,vii4 #d4 ,a4 ,ed4 om4 he4 #h4 ,a4 pite as fader4 #af4 ,a4 yeld4 #bb4 ,a4 slough4 #bc4 ,ed4 ,arpyes2 ,c4 ,a4 arpiis2 glossed--in the palude of lyrne4 #bf4 ,c4 drowh2 ,a4 drough4 #bh4 ,c4 slowgh2 ,a4 slough 7thrice74 #bh1 #ca1 #cg1 #di4 ,c4 this 7for this is74 #bi4 ,a4 etyn 7for freten74 #cj4 ,c4 achelows 7#ast time72 achelous 7#bnd72 ,a4 achelaus 7twice74 #cd4 ,c4 he1 glossed achelous2 ,a4 achelaus 7om4 he74 #ci4 ,ed4 vomes 7for scomes74 #dj4 ,a4 ,ed4 cercle2 ,c4 clerke 7674 #dh4 ,a4 mede of the4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 the sterres2 ,c4 om4 the4 ,,book ,v4 ,,prose ,i4 ,dixerat1 orationisque cursum4 ,she hadde seyd1 and torned the cours of hir resoun to some othre thinges to ben treted and to ben y-sped4 ,thanne seyde ,i1 ',certes1 rightful is thyn amonestinge and ful digne by auctoritee4 ,but that thou seidest whylom1 that the questioun of the divyne purviaunce is enlaced with many other questiouns1 ,i understonde #e wel and proeve it by the same thing4 ,but ,i axe yif that thou wenest that hap be any thing in any weys2 and1 yif thou wenest that hap be anything1 what is it8' ,thanne quod she1 ',i haste me to yilden and assoilen to thee the dette of my bihest1 and to shewen and opnen the wey1 by #aj which wey thou mayst come ayein to thy contree4 ,but al-be-it so that the thinges which that thou axest ben right profitable to knowe1 yit ben they diverse somwhat fro the path of my purpos2 and it is to douten that thou ne be maked wery by mis-weyes1 so that thou ne mayst nat suffyce to mesuren the right wey4' #ae ',ne doute thee ther-of nothing1' quod ,i4 ',for1 for to knowen thilke thinges to-gedere1 in the whiche thinges ,i delyte me greetly1 that shal ben to me in stede of reste2 sin it is nat to douten of the thinges folwinge1 whan every syde of thy disputacioun shal han be stedefast to me by undoutous feith4' #bj ,thanne seyde she1 ',that manere wol ,i don thee'2 and bigan to speken right thus4 ',certes1' quod she1 'yif any wight diffinisshe hap in this manere1 that is to seyn1 that hap is bitydinge y-brought forth by foolish moevinge and by no knettinge of causes1 ,i conferme that hap nis right naught in no wyse2 and ,i #be deme al-outrely that hap nis1 ne dwelleth but a voice1 as who seith1 but an ydel word1 with-outen any significacioun of thing submitted to that vois4 ,for what place mighte ben left1 or dwellinge1 to folye and to disordenaunce1 sin that god ledeth and constreineth alle thinges by ordre8 ,for this sentence is verray and #cj sooth1 that nothing ne hath his beinge of naught2 to the whiche sentence none of thise olde folk ne withseyde never2 al-be-it so that they ne understoden ne meneden it naught by god1 prince and beginnere of werkinge1 but they casten it as a manere foundement of subiect material1 that is to seyn1 of the nature of #ce alle resoun4 ,and yif that any thing is woxen or comen of no causes1 than shal it seme that thilke thing is comen or woxen of naught2 but yif this ne may nat ben don1 thanne is it nat possible1 that hap be any swich thing as ,i have diffinisshed a litel heer-biforn4' ',how shal it thanne be8' quod ,i4 ',nis ther thanne no-thing #dj that by right may be cleped either hap or elles aventure of fortune2 or is ther aught1 al-be-it so that it is hid fro the peple1 to which these wordes ben covenable8' ',myn ,aristotulis1' quod she1 'in the book of his ,phisik1 diffinissheth this thing by short resoun1 and neigh to the sothe4' #de ',in which manere8' quod ,i4 ',as ofte1' quod she1 'as men doon any thing for grace of any other thing1 and an-other thing than thilke thing that men entenden to don bitydeth by some causes1 it is cleped hap4 ,right as a man dalf the erthe by cause of tilyinge of the feeld1 #ej and founde ther a gobet of gold bidolven1 thanne wenen folk that it is bifalle by fortunous bitydinge4 ,but1 for sothe1 it nis nat of naught1 for it hath his propre causes2 of whiche causes the cours unforeseyn and unwar semeth to han maked hap4 ,for yif the tilyere of the feld ne dolve nat in the erthe1 and yif the hyder of #ee the gold ne hadde hid the gold in thilke place1 the gold ne hadde nat been founde4 ,thise ben thanne the causes of the abregginge of fortuit hap1 the which abregginge of fortuit hap comth of causes encountringe and flowinge to-gidere to hem-self1 and nat by the entencioun of the doer4 ,for neither the hyder of the gold ne the #fj delver of the feeld ne understoden nat that the gold sholde han ben founde2 but1 as ,i sayde1 it bitidde and ran to-gidere that he dalf ther-as that other hadde hid the gold4 ,now may ,i thus diffinisshe hap4 ,hap is an unwar bitydinge of causes assembled in thinges that ben don for som other thing4 ,but thilke ordre1 #fe procedinge by an uneschuable bindinge to-gidere1 which that descendeth fro the welle of purviaunce that ordeineth alle thinges in hir places and in hir tymes1 maketh that the causes rennen and assemblen to-gidere4 ,,pr4 ,i4 #a4 ,c4 by cours 7wrongly72 ,a4 ,ed4 the cours4 #d4 ,c4 whilom2 ,a4 som tyme4 _/_/ the 7#b7 ,c4 thy4 #h4 ,a4 any 7for any thing74 _/_/ ,c4 it is2 ,a4 ,ed4 is it4 #i4 ,c4 ,ed4 to the2 ,a4 the to the2 ,cax4 to the the 7 to thee the74 #ac4 ,c4 and yit2 ,a4 ,ed4 om4 and4 #ai4 ,a4 disputisoun4 #ai1 #bj4 ,c4 han be2 ,ed4 haue ben2 ,a4 be4 #bb1 #bc4 ,c4 deffenysshe2 but diffinysshed in #ci4 _/_/ ,c4 glosses bitydinge by i4 euentum4 #bd4 ,a4 knyttyng4 #ca4 ,a4 om4 the4 #cc4 ,c4 -stondyn2 ,a4 -stoden4 _/_/ ,c4 meneden or meueden2 ,a4 moeueden 7not in the ,latin text74 #cd4 ,i supply it4 #ce4 ,a4 om4 the4 #ch4 ,c4 om4 yif 7,lat4 quod si74 #dc4 ,c4 convenable4 #ej4 ,c4 to tylyinge2 ,a4 of tylienge4 #eb4 ,a4 fallen4 #ec4 ,c4 of nawht 7de nihilo72 ,a4 for naught4 #ee4 ,c4 of the feld 7agri72 ,a4 in the erthe4 _/_/ ,c4 in the erthe 7humum72 ,a4 in the felde4 #eg4 ,a4 abreggynge2 ,c4 abriggynge 7but abreggynge #bnd time74 #eh4 ,a4 fortune 7671 for fortuit2 twice4 #ff4 ,a4 vneschewable4 ,,metre ,i4 ,rupis ,achemenie scopulis1 ubi uersa sequentum4 ,tigris and ,eufrates resolven and springen of oo welle1 in the cragges of the roche of the contree of ,achemenie1 ther-as the fleinge bataile ficcheth hir dartes1 retorned in the brestes of hem that folwen hem4 ,and sone after tho same riveres1 ,tigris and ,eufrates1 unioinen and departen hir wateres4 ,and yif they comen #e to-gideres1 and ben assembled and cleped to-gidere into o cours1 thanne moten thilke thinges fleten to-gidere which that the water of the entrechaunginge flood bringeth4 ,the shippes and the stokkes arraced with the flood moten assemblen2 and the wateres y-medled wrappeth or implyeth many fortunel happes or maneres2 #aj the whiche wandringe happes1 natheles1 thilke declyninge lownesse of the erthe and the flowinge ordre of the slydinge water governeth4 ,right so ,fortune1 that semeth as that it fleteth with slaked or ungovernede brydles1 it suffereth brydles1 that is to seyn1 to be governed1 and passeth by thilke lawe1 that is to seyn1 by thilke #ae divyne ordenaunce4' ,,me4 ,i4 #a4 ,a4 om4 and after ,tigris4 #c4 ,a4 om4 bataile4 #h4 ,c4 entrechaungynge1 glossed i4 alterni4 #aj4 ,a4 fortuned4 #aa4 ,c4 declynynge1 glossed decliuitas4 #ac4 ,a4 om4 that 7#b74 #ae4 thilke ,a4 the4 ,,prose ,,ii4 ,animaduerto1 inquam4 ',this understonde ,i wel1' quod ,i1 'and ,i acorde wel that it is right as thou seyst4 ,but ,i axe yif ther be any libertee of free wil in this ordre of causes that clyven thus to-gidere in hem-self2 or elles ,i wolde witen yif that the destinal cheyne constreineth the movinges of the corages of men8' #e ',yis1' quod she2 'ther is libertee of free wil4 ,ne ther ne was nevere no nature of resoun that it ne hadde libertee of free wil4 ,for every thing that may naturely usen resoun1 it hath doom by which it decerneth and demeth every thing2 thanne knoweth it1 by it-self1 thinges that ben to fleen and thinges that ben to desiren4 #aj ,and thilke thing that any wight demeth to ben desired1 that axeth or desireth he2 and fleeth thilke thing that he troweth ben to fleen4 ,wherfore in alle thinges that resoun is1 in hem also is libertee of willinge and of nillinge4 ,but ,i ne ordeyne nat1 as who seyth1 ,i ne graunte nat1 that this libertee be evene-lyk in alle #ae thinges4 ,forwhy in the sovereines devynes substaunces1 that is to seyn1 in spirits1 ,iugement is more cleer1 and wil nat y-corumped1 and might redy to speden thinges that ben desired4 ,but the soules of men moten nedes be more free whan they loken hem in the speculacioun or lokinge of the devyne thought1 and lasse free #bj whan they slyden in-to the bodies2 and yit lasse free whan they ben gadered to-gidere and comprehended in erthely membres4 ,but the laste servage is whan that they ben yeven to vyces1 and han y-falle from the possessioun of hir propre resoun4 ,for after that they han cast awey hir eyen fro the light of the sovereyn #be soothfastnesse to lowe thinges and derke1 anon they derken by the cloude of ignoraunce and ben troubled by felonous talents2 to the whiche talents whan they aprochen and asenten1 they hepen and encresen the servage which they han ioyned to hem-self2 and in this manere they ben caitifs fro hir propre libertee4 ,the whiche #cj thinges1 nathelesse1 the lokinge of the devyne purviaunce seeth1 that alle thinges biholdeth and seeth fro eterne1 and ordeineth hem everich in hir merites as they ben predestinat3 and it is seyd in ,greek1 that alle thinges he seeth and alle thinges he hereth4 ,,pr4 ,,ii4 #a4 ,a4 ,ed4 quod ,i2 ,c4 om4 _/_/ ,c4 ,ed4 acorde me2 ,a4 acorde wel4 #b4 ,c4 of2 ,a4 or 7wrongly72 ,lat4 arbitrii4 #c4 ,c4 hym2 ,a4 ,ed4 hem4 #e4 ,c4 mouynges 7motus72 ,a4 moeueuynge 7674 #ab4 ,a4 om4 thilke4 _/_/ ,c4 to ben fleen2 ,a4 ben to fleen2 ,ed4 be to flyen4 #af4 ,c4 dyuynes2 ,a4 deuynes 7as often in ,c74 #ag4 ,c4 wil nat ,i-coromped 7uoluntas incorrupta72 ,a4 wil nat be corumped 7wrongly74 #ah4 ,c4 myht 7potestas72 ,a4 hath myght4 #bg4 ,c4 clowdes2 ,a4 ,ed4 cloude 7nube74 #bg1 #h4 ,ed4 ,a4 to the2 ,c4 om4 the4 #ca4 ,a4 purueaunce4 #cd4 ,the last clause1 in the original1 is in ,greek4 ,,metre ,,ii4 ,puro clarum lumine ,phebum4 ,homer with the hony mouth1 that is to seyn1 ,homer with the swete ditees1 singeth1 that the sonne is cleer by pure light2 natheles yit ne may it nat1 by the infirme light of his bemes1 breken or percen the inwarde entrailes of the erthe1 or elles of the see4 ,so ne seeth nat god1 maker of the grete world3 to him1 that loketh #e alle thinges from an heigh1 ne withstondeth nat no thinges by hevinesse of erthe2 ne the night ne withstondeth nat to him by the blake cloudes4 ,thilke god seeth1 in oo strok of thought1 alle thinges that ben1 or weren1 or sholle comen2 and thilke god1 for he loketh and seeth alle thinges alone1 thou mayst seyn that he is #aj the verray sonne4' ,,me4 ,,ii4 #c4 ,a4 inferme4 #f4 ,c4 om4 nat4 #g4 ,c4 heuynesse 7mole72 ,a4 heuynesses4 #h4 ,c4 strokk1 glossed i4 ictu4 ,,prose ,,iii4 ,tum ego1 en1 inquam4 ,thanne seyde ,i1 'now am ,i confounded by a more hard doute than ,i was4' ',what doute is that8' quod she4 ',for certes1 ,i coniecte now by whiche thinges thou art troubled4' ',it semeth1' quod ,i1 'to repugnen and to contrarien greetly1 #e that god knoweth biforn alle thinges1 and that ther is any freedom of libertee4 ,for yif so be that god loketh alle thinges biforn1 ne god ne may nat ben desseived in no manere1 than mot it nedes been1 that alle thinges bityden the whiche that the purviaunce of god hath seyn biforn to comen4 ,for which1 yif that god #aj knoweth biforn nat only the werkes of men1 but also hir conseiles and hir willes1 thanne ne shal ther be no libertee of arbitre2 ne1 certes1 ther ne may be noon other dede1 ne no wil1 but thilke which that the divyne purviaunce1 that may nat ben desseived1 hath feled biforn4 ,for yif that they mighten wrythen awey in #ae othre manere than they ben purveyed1 than sholde ther be no stedefast prescience of thing to comen1 but rather an uncertein opinioun2 the whiche thing to trowen of god1 ,i deme it felonye and unleveful4 ,ne ,i ne proeve nat thilke same resoun1 as who seyth1 ,i ne alowe nat1 or ,i ne preyse nat1 thilke same resoun1 by #bj which that som men wenen that they mowen assoilen and unknitten the knotte of this questioun4 ,for1 certes1 they seyn that thing nis nat to comen for that the purviaunce of god hath seyn it biforn that is to comen1 but rather the contrarye1 and that is this3 that1 for that the thing is to comen1 therfore ne may it #be nat ben hid fro the purviaunce of god2 and in this manere this necessitee slydeth ayein in-to the contrarye partye3 ne it ne bihoveth nat1 nedes1 that thinges bityden that ben purvyed1 but it bihoveth1 nedes1 that thinges that ben to comen ben y-porveyed3 but as it were y-travailed1 as who seyth1 that thilke answere #cj procedeth right as thogh men travaileden1 or weren bisy to enqueren1 the whiche thing is cause of the whiche thing3--as1 whether the prescience is cause of the necessitee of thinges to comen1 or elles that the necessitee of thinges to comen is cause of the purviaunce4 ,but ,i ne enforce me nat now to shewen it1 that the bitydinge of #ce thinges y-wist biforn is necessarie1 how so or in what manere that the ordre of causes hath it-self2 al-thogh that it ne seme nat that the prescience bringe in necessitee of bitydinge to thinges to comen4 ,for certes1 yif that any wight sitteth1 it bihoveth by necessitee that the opinioun be sooth of him that coniecteth that #dj he sitteth2 and ayeinward also is it of the contrarye3 yif the opinioun be sooth of any wight for that he sitteth1 it bihoveth by necessitee that he sitte4 ,thanne is heer necessitee in that oon and in that other3 for in that oon is necessitee of sittinge1 and1 certes1 in that other is necessitee of sooth4 ,but therfore ne #de sitteth nat a wight1 for that the opinioun of the sittinge is sooth2 but the opinioun is rather sooth1 for that a wight sitteth biforn4 ,and thus1 al-thogh that the cause of the sooth cometh of that other syde 7as who seyth1 that al-thogh the cause of sooth comth of the sitting1 and nat of the trewe opinioun71 algates yit is ther #ej comune necessitee in that oon and in that other4 ,thus sheweth it1 that ,i may make semblable skiles of the purviaunce of god and of thinges to comen4 ,for althogh that1 for that thinges ben to comen1 ther-fore ben they purveyed1 nat1 certes1 for that they ben purveyed1 ther-fore ne bityde they nat4 ,yit natheles1 #ee bihoveth it by necessitee1 that either the thinges to comen ben y-purveyed of god1 or elles that the thinges that ben purveyed of god bityden4 ,and this thing only suffiseth y-nough to destroyen the freedom of oure arbitre1 that is to seyn1 of oure free wil4 ,but now1 certes1 sheweth it wel1 how fer fro the sothe and how up-so-doun #fj is this thing that we seyn1 that the bitydinge of temporel thinges is cause of the eterne prescience4 ,but for to wenen that god purvyeth the thinges to comen for they ben to comen1 what other thing is it but for to wene that thilke thinges that bitidden whylom ben causes of thilke soverein purvyaunce that is in god8 #fe ,and her-to ,i adde yit this thing3 that1 right as whan that ,i wot that a thing is1 it bihoveth by necessitee that thilke selve thing be2 and eek1 whan ,i have knowe that any thing shal bityden1 so byhoveth it by necessitee that thilke thing bityde3--so folweth it thanne1 that the bitydinge of the thing y-wist biforn ne may nat #gj ben eschued4 ,and at the laste1 yif that any wight wene a thing to ben other weyes thanne it is1 it is nat only unscience1 but it is deceivable opinioun ful diverse and fer fro the sothe of science4 ,wherfore1 yif any thing be so to comen1 that the bitydinge of hit ne be nat certein ne necessarie1 who may weten biforn that thilke #ge thing is to comen8 ,for right as science ne may nat ben medled with falsnesse 7as who seyth1 that yif ,i wot a thing1 it ne may nat be false that ,i ne wot it71 right so thilke thing that is conceived by science ne may nat ben non other weys than as it is conceived4 ,for that is the cause why that science wanteth lesing 7as who #hj seyth1 why that witinge ne receiveth nat lesinge of that it wot72 for it bihoveth1 by necessitee1 that every thing be right as science comprehendeth it to be4 ,what shal ,i thanne seyn8 ,in whiche manere knoweth god biforn the thinges to comen1 yif they ne be nat certein8 ,for yif that he deme that they ben to comen #he uneschewably1 and so may be that it is possible that they ne shollen nat comen1 god is deceived4 ,but nat only to trowen that god is deceived1 but for to speke it with mouth1 it is a felonous sinne4 ,but yif that god wot that1 right so as thinges ben to comen1 so shullen they comen--so that he wite egaly1 as who #ij seyth1 indifferently1 that thinges mowen ben doon or elles nat y-doon--what is thilke prescience that ne comprehendeth no certein thing ne stable8 ,or elles what difference is ther bitwixe the prescience and thilke ,iape-worthy divyninge of ,tiresie the divynour1 that seyde3 ,al that ,i seye1 quod he1 either it shal be1 #ie or elles it ne shal nat be8 ,or elles how mochel is worth the devyne prescience more than the opinioun of mankinde1 yif so be that it demeth the thinges uncertein1 as men doon2 of the whiche domes of men the bitydinge nis nat certein8 ,but yif so be that non uncertein thing ne may ben in him that is right certein welle #ajj of alle thinges1 thanne is the bitydinge certein of thilke thinges whiche he hath wist biforn fermely to comen4 ,for which it folweth1 that the freedom of the conseiles and of the werkes of mankind nis non1 sin that the thoght of god1 that seeth alle thinges without errour of falsnesse1 bindeth and constreineth #aje hem to a bitydinge by necessitee4 ,and yif this thing be ones y-graunted and received1 that is to seyn1 that ther nis no free wille1 than sheweth it wel1 how greet destruccioun and how grete damages ther folwen of thinges of mankinde4 ,for in ydel ben ther thanne purposed and bihight medes to gode folk1 and peynes #aaj to badde folk1 sin that no moevinge of free corage voluntarie ne hath nat deserved hem1 that is to seyn1 neither mede ne peyne2 and it sholde seme thanne1 that thilke thing is alderworst1 which that is now demed for aldermost iust and most rightful1 that is to seyn1 that shrewes ben punisshed1 or elles that gode folk ben y-gerdoned3 #aae the whiche folk1 sin that hir propre wil ne sent hem nat to that oon ne to that other1 that is to seyn1 neither to gode ne to harm1 but constreineth hem certein necessitee of thinges to comen3 thanne ne shollen ther nevere ben1 ne nevere weren1 vyce ne vertu1 but it sholde rather ben confusioun of alle desertes medled with-outen #abj discrecioun4 ,and yit ther folweth an-other inconvenient1 of the whiche ther ne may ben thoght no more felonous ne more wikke2 and that is this3 that1 so as the ordre of thinges is y-led and comth of the purviaunce of god1 ne that no-thing nis leveful to the conseiles of mankinde 7as who seyth1 that men han no power to #abe doon no-thing1 ne wilne no-thing71 than folweth it1 that oure vyces ben referred to the maker of alle good 7as who seyth1 than folweth it1 that god oughte han the blame of oure vyces1 sin he constreineth us by necessitee to doon vyces74 ,thanne is ther no resoun to hopen in god1 ne for to preyen to god2 for what sholde any wight hopen to #acj god1 or why sholde he preyen to god1 sin that the ordenaunce of destinee1 which that ne may nat ben inclyned1 knitteth and streineth alle thinges that men may desiren8 ,thanne sholde ther be doon awey thilke only allyaunce bitwixen god and men1 that is to seyn1 to hopen and to preyen4 ,but by the prys of rightwisnesse and of #ace verray mekenesse we deserven the gerdoun of the divyne grace1 which that is inestimable1 that is to seyn1 that it is so greet1 that it ne may nat ben ful y-preysed4 ,and this is only the manere1 that is to seyn1 hope and preyeres1 for which it semeth that men mowen speke with god1 and by resoun of supplicacioun be conioined to #adj thilke cleernesse1 that nis nat aproched no rather or that men beseken it and impetren it4 ,and yif men wene nat that hope ne preyeres ne han no strengthes1 by the necessitee of thinges to comen y-received1 what thing is ther thanne by whiche we mowen ben conioined and clyven to thilke soverein prince of thinges8 #ade ,for which it bihoveth1 by necessitee1 that the linage of mankinde1 as thou songe a litel her-biforn1 be departed and unioined from his welle1 and failen of his biginninge1 that is to seyn1 god4 ,,pr4 ,,iii4 #i4 ,a4 purueaunce4 #ad4 ,a4 om4 that 7#a74 #ah4 ,c4 of2 ,a4 on4 #bd4 ,c4 om4 it4 _/_/ ,c4 but2 glossed s4 aiunt4 #be4 ,c4 om4 is 7#a74 _/_/ ,a4 that therfore4 #bh4 ,a4 om4 nat4 _/_/ ,a4 ypurueid4 #bh1 #i4 ,a4 om4 but it bihoveth 444 y-porveyed4 #cb4 ,a4 whiche thinges 7for #bnd the whiche thing74 _/_/ ,c4 weyther4 #cd4 ,c4 puruyaunce2 glossed s4 prouidencie4 #ce4 ,c4 it2 glossed illud4 #ch4 ,a4 of thinges4 #dh1 #i4 ,a4 om4 the sooth cometh 444 cause of4 #ec4 ,c4 ,ed4 that for that2 ,a4 for that that4 #eh4 ,a4 bitiden by necessite2 ,c4 has the gloss--s4 by necessite4 #fj4 ,a4 om4 certes4 #fj1 #a4 ,c4 vp so down2 glossed prepostere4 #fb4 ,a4 is the cause4 #fc4 ,a4 om4 the4 #fd1 #e4 ,a4 bitiden som-tyme4 #ga4 ,c4 at the laste2 glossed i4 postremo4 #gd4 ,a4 so that the4 #ge4 ,a4 om4 biforn4 #gi4 ,a4 om4 nat4 _/_/ ,c4 as it is2 ,a4 it is be4 #hb4 ,a4 om4 be4 #he4 ,c4 he2 glossed s4 deus4 _/_/ ,c4 they2 glossed s4 thynges4 #hf4 ,c4 vneschwably2 glossed i4 memorabiliter 767 #hg4 ,c4 ,a4 desseyued 7twice74 #ib4 ,a4 don4 #id4 ,c4 ,iape worthi2 glossed i4 ridiculo4 #ajj4 ,a4 om4 ne4 #ajb4 ,c4 he2 glossed s4 deus4 _/_/ ,c4 fermely2 glossed i4 firmiter4 #ajf4 ,a4 om4 this4 #ajg4 ,c4 resseyuyd2 ,a4 receyued4 #ajh4 ,c4 destruccyoun2 glossed i4 occasus4 #aaj4 ,c4 ,meedes to2 ,a4 medes of4 #aac4 ,a4 alther-worste4 #aad4 ,a4 alther-moste4 #aaf4 ,c4 hir2 ,a4 the4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 ne before sent4 #abj4 ,c4 dissertes2 ,a4 desertes4 #aba4 ,for of the1 read than2 see note4 #abb4 ,a4 ne 7for no74 #abh4 ,a4 om4 us4 #abi4 ,a4 to han hopen4 #ace4 ,a4 preis4 #acf4 ,c4 desseruyn2 ,a4 deserue4 #aci4 ,a4 om4 men4 #adb4 ,ed4 impetren2 ,c4 impetrent 7672 ,a4 emprenten4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 nat4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 hope4 #adc4 ,c4 om4 no4 #add4 ,c4 ,i-resseyuyd 7glossed i4 graunted72 ,a4 y-resceiued4 #adg4 ,c4 thou2 glossed s4 philosophie4 _/_/ ,c4 her by-forn1 libro #do metro sexto line #ce4 ,,metre ,,iii4 ,quenam discors federa rerum4 ,what discordable cause hath to-rent and unioined the bindinge1 or the alliaunce1 of thinges1 that is to seyn1 the coniunccioun of god and man8 ,whiche god hath establisshed so greet bataile bitwixen thise two soothfast or verray thinges1 that is to seyn1 bitwixen the purviaunce of god and free wil1 that they ben singuler #e and devyded1 ne that they ne wolen nat be medeled ne coupled to-gidere8 ,but ther nis no discord to the verray thinges1 but they clyven1 certein1 alwey to hem-self4 ,but the thought of man1 confounded and overthrowen by the dirke membres of the body1 ne may nat1 by fyr of his derked looking1 that is to seyn1 by the vigour #aj of his insighte1 whyl the soule is in the body1 knowe the thinne subtil knittinges of thinges4 ,but wherfore enchaufeth it so1 by so greet love1 to finden thilke notes of sooth y-covered2 that is to seyn1 wherfore enchaufeth the thoght of man by so greet desyr to knowen thilke notificacions that ben y-hid under the covertoures of #ae sooth8 ,wot it aught thilke thing that it1 anguissous1 desireth to knowe8 ,as who seith1 nay2 for no man travaileth for to witen thinges that he wot4 ,and therfore the texte seith thus3 but who travaileth to witen thinges y-knowe8 ,and yif that he ne knoweth hem nat1 what seketh thilke blinde thoght8 ,what is he that #bj desireth any thing of which he wot right naught8 ,as who seith1 who so desireth any thing1 nedes1 somwhat he knoweth of it2 or elles1 he ne coude nat desire it4 ,or who may folwen thinges that ne ben nat y-wist8 ,and thogh that he seke tho thinges1 wher shal he finde hem8 ,what wight1 that is al unconninge and ignoraunt1 #be may knowen the forme that is y-founde8 ,but whan the soule biholdeth and seeth the heye thoght1 that is to seyn1 god1 than knoweth it to-gidere the somme and the singularitees1 that is to seyn1 the principles and everich by him-self4 ,but now1 whyl the soule is hid in the cloude and in the derkenesse #cj of the membres of the body1 it ne hath nat al for-yeten it-self1 but it with-holdeth the somme of thinges1 and leseth the singularitees4 ,thanne1 who-so that seeketh soothnesse1 he nis in neither nother habite2 for he noot nat al1 ne he ne hath nat al foryeten3 but yit him remembreth the somme of thinges that he #ce with-holdeth1 and axeth conseil1 and retreteth deepliche thinges y-seyn biforn1 that is to seyn1 the grete somme in his minde3 so that he mowe adden the parties that he hath for-yeten to thilke that he hath with-holden4' ,,me4 ,,iii4 #a4 ,c4 vnioygnyd1 glossed s4 ne se compaciantur similiter4 #b4 ,c4 coniuncciouns2 ,a4 coniunccioun4 #c4 ,c4 man1 quasi dicat1 nullus4 _/_/ ,c4 which that god2 ,a4 ,ed4 whiche god 7quis ,deus74 #f4 ,c4 deuydyd1 quasi dicat1 non est ita4 #g4 ,a4 om4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 thinges1 s4 prudencia et liberum arbitrium4 #h4 ,a4 cleuen4 #aj4 ,a4 dirk4 #ab4 ,c4 it1 s4 anima4 #ac4 ,a4 note 7,lat4 notas74 #af4 ,c4 it1 s4 anima4 #ah4 ,after thus1 ,a4 adds--,si enim anima ignorat istas subtiles connexiones1 responde1 vnde est quod desiderat scire cum nil ignotum possit desiderare2 but both ,c4 and ,ed4 omit this4 #ba4 wot ,c4 not4 _/_/ ,c4 nawht1 quasi dicat1 non4 #bd4 ,a4 om4 that4 #bf4 ,c4 yfownde1 quasi dicat1 nullus4 #bi4 ,a4 ,ed4 principles2 ,c4 principulis4 #cd4 ,a4 nouthir habit4 #cf4 ,c4 retretith1 i4 retractat2 ,a4 tretith4 ,,prose ,,iv4 ,tum illa3 ,vetus1 inquit1 hec est4 ,thanne seide she3 'this is1' quod she1 'the olde question of the purviaunce of god2 and ,marcus ,tullius1 whan he devyded the divynaciouns1 that is to seyn1 in his book that he wroot of divynaciouns1 he moevede gretly this questioun2 and thou thy-self has y-sought it mochel1 and outrely1 and longe2 but yit ne hath it nat ben #e determined ne y-sped fermely and diligently of any of yow4 ,and the cause of this derkenesse and of this difficultee is1 for that the moevinge of the resoun of mankinde ne may nat moeven to 7that is to seyn1 applyen or ioinen to7 the simplicitee of the devyne prescience2 the whiche simplicitee of the devyne prescience1 yif #aj that men mighten thinken it in any maner1 that is to seyn1 that yif men mighten thinken and comprehenden the thinges as god seeth hem1 thanne ne sholde ther dwellen outrely no doute3 the whiche resoun and cause of difficultee ,i shal assaye at the laste to shewe and to speden1 whan ,i have first y-spended and answered to tho #ae resouns by which thou art y-moeved4 ,for ,i axe why thou wenest that thilke resouns of hem that assoilen this questioun ne ben nat speedful y-nough ne sufficient3 the whiche solucioun1 or the whiche resoun1 for that it demeth that the prescience nis nat cause of necessitee to thinges to comen1 than ne weneth it nat that #bj freedom of wil be destorbed or y-let by prescience4 ,for ne drawestow nat arguments from elles-where of the necessitee of thinges to-comen 7as who seith1 any other wey than thus7 but that thilke thinges that the prescience wot biforn ne mowen nat unbityde8 ,that is to seyn1 that they moten bityde4 ,but thanne1 yif #be that prescience ne putteth no necessitee to thinges to comen1 as thou thy-self hast confessed it and biknowen a litel her-biforn1 what cause or what is it 7as who seith1 ther may no cause be7 by which that the endes voluntarie of thinges mighten be constreined to certein bitydinge8 ,for by grace of positioun1 so that thou mowe #cj the betere understonde this that folweth1 ,i pose1 per impossibile1 that ther be no prescience4 ,thanne axe ,i1' quod she1 'in as mochel as apertieneth to that1 sholden thanne thinges that comen of free wil ben constreined to bityden by necessitee8' ,boece4 ',nay1' quod ,i4 #ce ',thanne ayeinward1' quod she1 ',i suppose that ther be prescience1 but that it ne putteth no necessitee to thinges2 thanne trowe ,i1 that thilke selve freedom of wil shal dwellen al hool and absolut and unbounden4 ,but thou wolt seyn that1 al-be-it so that prescience nis nat cause of the necessitee of bitydinge to thinges #dj to comen1 algates yit it is a signe that the thinges ben to bityden by necessitee4 ,by this manere thanne1 al-thogh the prescience ne hadde never y-ben1 yit algate or at the leeste weye it is certein thing1 that the endes and bitydinges of thinges to comen sholden ben necessarie4 ,for every signe sheweth and signifyeth only what #de the thing is1 but it ne maketh nat the thing that it signifyeth4 ,for which it bihoveth first to shewen1 that no-thing ne bitydeth that it ne bitydeth by necessitee1 so that it may appere that the prescience is signe of this necessitee2 or elles1 yif ther nere no necessitee1 certes1 thilke prescience ne mighte nat be signe of thing that nis #ej nat4 ,but certes1 it is now certein that the proeve of this1 y-sustened by stidefast resoun1 ne shal nat ben lad ne proeved by signes ne by arguments y-taken fro with-oute1 but by causes covenable and necessarie4 ,but thou mayst seyn1 how may it be that the thinges ne bityden nat that ben y-purveyed to comen8 #ee ,but1 certes1 right as we trowen that tho thinges which that the purviance wot biforn to comen ne ben nat to bityden2 but that ne sholden we nat demen2 but rather1 al-thogh that they shal bityden1 yit ne have they no necessitee of hir kinde to bityden4 ,and this maystow lightly aperceiven by this that ,i shal seyn4 ,for #fj we seen many thinges whan they ben don biforn oure eyen1 right as men seen the cartere worken in the torninge or atempringe or adressinge of hise cartes or charietes4 ,and by this manere 7as who seith1 maystow understonde7 of alle othere workmen4 ,is ther thanne any necessitee1 as who seith1 in oure lokinge1 that constreineth #fe or compelleth any of thilke thinges to ben don so8' ,boece4 ',nay1' quod ,i2 'for in ydel and in veyn were al the effect of craft1 yif that alle thinges weren moeved by constreininge2' that is to seyn1 by constreininge of oure eyen or of oure sight4 ,philosophie4 ',the thinges thanne1' quod she1 'that1 whan men #gj doon hem1 ne han no necessitee that men doon hem1 eek tho same thinges1 first or they ben doon1 they ben to comen with-oute necessitee4 ,for-why ther ben somme thinges to bityden1 of which the endes and the bitydinges of hem ben absolut and quit of alle necessitee4 ,for certes1 ,i ne trowe nat that any man wolde seyn #ge this3 that tho thinges that men doon now1 that they ne weren to bityden first or they weren y-doon2 and thilke same thinges1 al-thogh that men had y-wist hem biforn1 yit they han free bitydinges4 ,for right as science of thinges present ne bringeth in no necessitee to thinges that men doon1 right so the prescience of #hj thinges to comen ne bringeth in no necessitee to thinges to bityden4 ,but thou mayst seyn1 that of thilke same it is y-douted1 as whether that of thilke thinges that ne han non issues and bitydinges necessaries1 yif ther-of may ben any prescience2 for certes1 they semen to discorden4 ,for thou wenest that1 yif that #he thinges ben y-seyn biforn1 that necessitee folweth hem2 and yif necessitee faileth hem1 they ne mighten nat ben wist biforn1 and that no-thing ne may ben comprehended by science but certein2 and yif tho thinges that ne han no certein bitydinges ben purveyed as certein1 it sholde ben dirknesse of opinioun1 nat soothfastnesse #ij of science4 ,and thou wenest that it be diverse fro the hoolnesse of science that any man sholde deme a thing to ben other-weys thanne it is it-self4 ,and the cause of this erroure is1 that of alle the thinges that every wight hath y-knowe1 they wenen that tho thinges been y-knowe al-oonly by the strengthe and by the nature #ie of the thinges that ben y-wist or y-knowe2 and it is al the contrarie4 ,for al that ever is y-knowe1 it is rather comprehended and knowen1 nat after his strengthe and his nature1 but after the facultee1 that is to seyn1 the power and the nature1 of hem that knowen4 ,and1 for that this thing shal mowen shewen by a short #ajj ensaumple3 the same roundnesse of a body1 other-weys the sighte of the eye knoweth it1 and other-weyes the touchinge4 ,the lokinge1 by castinge of his bemes1 waiteth and seeth from afer al the body to-gidere1 with-oute moevinge of it-self2 but the touchinge clyveth and conioineth to the rounde body1 and moeveth aboute #aje the environinge1 and comprehendeth by parties the roundnesse4 ,and the man him-self1 other-weys wit biholdeth him1 and other-weys imaginacioun1 and other-weys resoun1 and other-weys intelligence4 ,for the wit comprehendeth withoute-forth the figure of the body of the man that is establissed in the #aaj matere subiect2 but the imaginacioun comprehendeth only the figure withoute the matere4 ,resoun surmounteth imaginacioun1 and comprehendeth by universal lokinge the comune spece that is in the singuler peces4 ,but the eye of intelligence is heyere2 for it surmounteth the environinge of the universitee1 and looketh1 #aae over that1 by pure subtilitee of thoght1 thilke same simple forme of man that is perdurably in the divyne thoght4 ,in whiche this oughte greetly to ben considered1 that the heyeste strengthe to comprehenden thinges enbraseth and contieneth the lowere strengthe2 but the lowere strengthe ne aryseth nat in no manere #abj to heyere strengthe4 ,for wit ne may no-thing comprehende out of matere1 ne the imaginacioun ne loketh nat the universels speces1 ne resoun taketh nat the simple forme so as intelligence taketh it2 but intelligence1 that looketh al aboven1 whan it hath comprehended the forme1 it knoweth and demeth alle the thinges #abe that ben under that forme4 ,but she knoweth hem in thilke manere in the whiche it comprehendeth thilke same simple forme that ne may never ben knowen to none of that other2 that is to seyn1 to none of tho three forseide thinges of the sowle4 ,for it knoweth the universitee of resoun1 and the figure of the imaginacioun1 #acj and the sensible material conceived by wit2 ne it ne useth nat nor of resoun ne of imaginacioun ne of wit withoute-forth2 but it biholdeth alle thinges1 so as ,i shal seye1 by a strok of thought formely1 withoute discours or collacioun4 ,certes resoun1 whan it looketh any-thing universel1 it ne useth nat of imaginacioun1 nor #ace of witte1 and algates yit it comprehendeth the thinges imaginable and sensible2 for resoun is she that diffinisseth the universel of hir conseyte right thus3--man is a resonable two-foted beest4 ,and how so that this knowinge is universel1 yet nis ther no wight that ne woot wel that a man is a thing imaginable and sensible2 and #adj this same considereth wel resoun2 but that nis nat by imaginacioun nor by wit1 but it looketh it by a resonable concepcioun4 ,also imaginacioun1 al-be-it so that it taketh of wit the beginninges to seen and to formen the figures1 algates1 al-thogh that wit ne were nat present1 yit it environeth and comprehendeth alle thinges #ade sensible2 nat by resoun sensible of deminge1 but by resoun imaginatif4 ,seestow nat thanne that alle the thinges1 in knowinge1 usen more of hir facultee or of hir power than they doon of the facultee or power of thinges that ben y-knowe8 ,ne that nis nat wrong2 for so as every ,iugement is the dede or doinge of him #aej that demeth1 it bihoveth that every wight performe the werk and his entencioun1 nat of foreine power1 but of his propre power4 ,,pr4 ,,iv4 #b4 ,c4 deuynede2 ,ed4 deuyded2 ,a4 deuided2 distribuit4 #g4 ,c4 dirknesse2 ,a4 derkenesse4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 #bnd of this4 #aa1 #ab4 ,a4 om4 mighten thinken it 444 yif men4 #ae4 ,a4 om4 y-spended and4 _/_/ ,c4 the2 ,a4 tho4 #bb4 ,a4 drawest thou4 #bd4 ,a4 thinge4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 ne4 #bh4 ,a4 om4 or what4 #bi4 ,c4 ,a4 gloss endes by exitus4 #cj4 ,ed4 posycion 7,lat4 positionis72 ,c4 ,a4 possessioun2 and ,c4 glosses ,for 444 possessioun by uerbi gratia4 #ca4 ,a4 inpossibile2 ,c4 per impossibile 7as a gloss74 #cg4 ,ed4 it2 ,c4 is4 #dd4 ,c4 endes1 i4 exitus4 _/_/ ,a4 and the 7for and74 #df4 ,c4 thing is1 i4 se eius significatum4 _/_/ ,c4 maketh1 glossed causat4 #dg1 #dh4 ,a4 om4 that it ne bitydeth4 #dh1 #di4 ,c4 om4 so that 444 necessitee4 #ea4 ,a4 preue4 #eb4 ,a4 stedfast4 _/_/ ,a4 proued4 #eg4 ,c4 but that2 ,a4 om4 that4 #eh4 ,a4 om4 that4 #fj4 ,a4 maist thou4 #fb4 ,a4 and in attempryng or in adressyng4 #fc4 ,a4 chariottes4 #fd4 ,a4 mayst thou4 #fe4 ,a4 om4 that4 #ff4 ,c4 om4 thilke4 _/_/ ,c4 so1 quasi dicat1 non4 #gj4 ,a4 thise thingus4 #hj1 #ha4 ,a4 om4 that men doon 444 to thinges4 #hc4 ,c4 ,ed4 issues2 ,a4 endes2 ,c4 adds--i4 exitus4 #hg1 #hh4 ,c4 and yif 7wrongly72 ,a4 ,ed4 and that4 #ia-ic4 ,a4 om4 ,and thou 444 is it-self here1 but inserts the same in a wrong place 7#aca below74 #ii4 ,a4 om4 #bnd the4 #ajj4 ,a4 ,ed4 that2 ,c4 om4 _/_/ ,ed4 thing2 ,c4 ,a4 om4 #ajc4 ,c4 after2 ,a4 afer2 ,ed4 a-ferre4 #aje4 ,c4 body1 glossed orbis2 ,a4 body1 glossed orbi 7,lat4 orbi74 #aji4 ,a4 fro with-outen furthe4 #aaa4 ,c4 comprehendeth1 vel iudicat4 #aaa1 #b4 ,a4 om4 comprehendeth 444 imaginacioun4 #aac4 ,c4 ,ed4 by2 ,a4 by an4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 7gloss7 speciem4 #abj1 #aba4 ,a4 om4 but the 444 strengthe4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 ,for2 ,c4 om4 #abd4 ,a4 ,ed4 it2 ,c4 om4 _/_/ ,a4 but the4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 that2 ,c4 om4 #abf4 ,c4 she2 glossed intelligence4 _/_/ ,c4 ,ed4 in2 ,a4 vndir4 #aca4 ,here ,a4 wrongly inserts a clause omitted above 7#ia-ic74 #acf4 ,a4 om4 it4 _/_/ ,a4 comprendith4 #aci4 ,a4 om4 is4 #adj4 ,a4 om4 a thing4 #adb4 ,a4 om4 a4 #adg4 ,a4 ,sest thou4 #adh4 ,a4 of faculte or of power4 #adi4 ,a4 ,ed4 no 7for nat74 #aej4 ,a4 or the4 ,,metre ,,iv4 ,quondam porticus attulit4 ,the ,porche1 that is to seyn1 a gate of the town of ,athenes ther-as philosophres hadden hir congregacioun to desputen1 thilke ,porche broughte som-tyme olde men1 ful derke in hir sentences1 that is to seyn1 philosophres that highten ,stoiciens1 that wenden that images and sensibilitees1 that is to seyn1 sensible imaginaciouns1 or elles #e imaginaciouns of sensible thinges1 weren empreinted in-to sowles fro bodies withoute-forth2 as who seith1 that thilke ,stoiciens wenden that the sowle hadde ben naked of it-self1 as a mirour or a clene parchemin1 so that alle figures mosten first comen fro thinges fro withoute-forth in-to sowles1 and ben empreinted in-to sowles3 ,,text3 #aj right as we ben wont som-tyme1 by a swifte pointel1 to ficchen lettres empreinted in the smothenesse or in the pleinnesse of the table of wex or in parchemin that ne hath no figure ne note in it4 ,,glose4 ,but now argueth ,boece ayeins that opinioun1 and seith thus3 ,but yif the thryvinge sowle ne unpleyteth no-thing1 that is #ae to seyn1 ne doth no-thing1 by his propre moevinges1 but suffreth and lyth subgit to tho figures and to tho notes of bodies withoute-forth1 and yildeth images ydel and veyn in the manere of a mirour1 whennes thryveth thanne or whennes comth thilke knowinge in our sowle1 that discerneth and biholdeth alle thinges8 ,and #bj whennes is thilke strengthe that biholdeth the singuler thinges2 or whennes is the strengthe that devydeth thinges y-knowe2 and thilke strengthe that gadereth to-gidere the thinges devyded2 and the strengthe that cheseth his entrechaunged wey8 ,for som-tyme it heveth up the heved1 that is to seyn1 that it heveth up the entencioun #be to right heye thinges2 and som-tyme it descendeth in-to right lowe thinges4 ,and whan it retorneth in-to him-self1 it reproeveth and destroyeth the false thinges by the trewe thinges4 ,certes1 this strengthe is cause more efficient1 and mochel more mighty to seen and to knowe thinges1 than thilke cause that #cj suffreth and receiveth the notes and the figures impressed in maner of matere4 ,algates the passioun1 that is to seyn1 the suffraunce or the wit1 in the quike body1 goth biforn1 excitinge and moevinge the strengthes of the thought4 ,right so as whan that cleernesse smyteth the eyen and moeveth hem to seen1 or right so #ce as vois or soun hurteleth to the eres and commoeveth hem to herkne1 than is the strengthe of the thought y-moeved and excited1 and clepeth forth1 to semblable moevinges1 the speces that it halt with-inne it-self2 and addeth tho speces to the notes and to the thinges withoute-forth1 and medleth the images of #dj thinges withoute-forth to tho formes y-hidde with-inne him-self4 ,,me4 ,,iv4 #c4 ,c4 dirke2 ,a4 ,ed4 derke4 #e4 ,a4 om4 and4 #i4 ,a4 om4 first4 #aj4 ,a4 inprentid2 ,c4 apreyntyd 7but emprientyd just below1 and enpreynted above74 #ab4 ,a4 emprentid4 #ac4 ,a4 om4 #bnd4 ne4 #ad4 ,a4 ,ed4 that2 ,c4 the4 #ae4 ,a4 vnplitith4 #ag4 ,a4 subgit2 ,ed4 subiecte2 ,c4 om4 _/_/ ,a4 the 7for tho72 twice4 #bj4 ,a4 ,ed4 discernith2 ,c4 decerneth4 #bf4 ,c4 heye thinges1 i4 principijs4 _/_/ ,c4 dessendith2 ,a4 discendith4 #bg4 ,c4 lowe thynges1 s4 conclusiones4 _/_/ ,a4 repreuith4 #bi4 ,c4 strengthe1 s4 anima4 #ca4 ,c4 resseyuyth2 ,a4 resceyueth2 ,ed4 receyueth4 _/_/ ,c4 ,a4 inpressed2 ,ed4 impressed4 #cf4 ,a4 hurtlith4 #ch4 ,c4 ,ed4 to2 ,a4 the 7,lat4 ,ad74 #dj4 ,a4 medeleth4 #da4 ,a4 to the forme4 ,,prose ,v4 ,quod si in corporibus sentiendis4 ,but what yif that in bodies to ben feled1 that is to seyn1 in the takinge of knowelechinge of bodily thinges1 and al-be-it so that the qualitees of bodies1 that ben obiecte fro withoute-forth1 moeven and entalenten the instruments of the wittes2 and al-be-it so that the passioun of the body1 that is to seyn1 the wit or the suffraunce1 #e goth to-forn the strengthe of the workinge corage1 the which passioun or suffraunce clepeth forth the dede of the thoght in him-self1 and moeveth and exciteth in this mene whyle the formes that resten withinne-forth2 and yif that1 in sensible bodies1 as ,i have seyd1 our corage nis nat y-taught or empreinted by passioun to #aj knowe thise thinges1 but demeth and knoweth1 of his owne strengthe1 the passioun or suffraunce subiect to the body3 moche more thanne tho thinges that ben absolut and quite fro alle talents or affecciouns of bodies1 as god or his aungeles1 ne folwen nat in discerninge thinges obiect fro withoute-forth1 but they accomplisshen #ae and speden the dede of hir thoght4 ,by this resoun thanne ther comen many maner knowinges to dyverse and differinge substaunces4 ,for the wit of the body1 the whiche wit is naked and despoiled of alle other knowinges1 thilke wit comth to beestes that ne mowen nat moeven hem-self her and #bj ther1 as oystres and muscules1 and other swiche shelle-fish of the see1 that clyven and ben norisshed to roches4 ,but the imaginacioun comth to remuable beestes1 that semen to han talent to fleen or to desiren any thing4 ,but resoun is al-only to the linage of mankinde1 right as intelligence is only to the devyne nature3 #be of which it folweth1 that thilke knowinge is more worth than thise othre1 sin it knoweth by his propre nature nat only his subiect1 as who seith1 it ne knoweth nat al-only that apertieneth properly to his knowinge1 but it knoweth the subiects of alle other knowinges4 ,but how shal it thanne be1 yif that wit and imaginacioun stryven #cj ayein resoninge1 and seyn1 that of thilke universel thing that resoun weneth to seen1 that it nis right naught8 ,for wit and imaginacioun seyn that that1 that is sensible or imaginable1 it ne may nat be universel4 ,thanne is either the ,iugement of resoun sooth1 ne that ther nis nothing sensible2 or elles1 for that resoun #ce wot wel that many thinges ben subiect to wit and to imaginacioun1 thanne is the concepcioun of resoun veyn and false1 which that loketh and comprehendeth that that is sensible and singuler as universel4 ,and yif that resoun wolde answeren ayein to thise two1 that is to seyn1 to witte and to imaginacioun1 and seyn1 that #dj soothly she hir-self1 that is to seyn1 resoun1 loketh and comprehendeth1 by resoun of universalitee1 bothe that that is sensible and that that is imaginable2 and that thilke two1 that is to seyn1 wit and imaginacioun1 ne mowen nat strecchen ne enhansen hem-self to the knowinge of universalitee1 for that the knowinge of #de hem ne may exceden ne surmounte the bodily figures3 certes1 of the knowinge of thinges1 men oughten rather yeven credence to the more stedefast and to the more parfit ,iugement4 ,in this maner stryvinge thanne1 we that han strengthe of resoninge and of imagininge and of wit1 that is to seyn1 by resoun and by imaginacioun #ej and by wit1 we sholde rather preyse the cause of resoun2 as who seith1 than the cause of wit and of imaginacioun4 ,semblable thing is it1 that the resoun of mankinde ne weneth nat that the devyne intelligence bi-holdeth or knoweth thinges to comen1 but right as the resoun of mankinde knoweth hem4 ,for #ee thou arguest and seyst thus3 that yif it ne seme nat to men that some thinges han certein and necessarie bitydinges1 they ne mowen nat ben wist biforn certeinly to bityden4 ,and thanne nis ther no prescience of thilke thinges2 and yif we trowe that prescience be in thise thinges1 thanne is ther no-thing that it ne #fj bitydeth by necessitee4 ,but certes1 yif we mighten han the ,iugement of the devyne thoght1 as we ben parsoneres of resoun1 right so as we han demed that it behoveth that imaginacioun and wit be binethe resoun1 right so wolde we demen that it were rightful thing1 that mannes resoun oughte to submitten it-self and to ben #fe binethe the divyne thoght4 ,for which1 yif that we mowen1 as who seith1 that1 yif that we mowen1 ,i counseyle1 that we enhanse us in-to the heighte of thilke sovereyn intelligence2 for ther shal resoun wel seen that1 that it ne may nat biholden in it-self4 ,and certes that is this1 in what maner the prescience of god seeth alle #gj thinges certeins and diffinisshed1 al-thogh they ne han no certein issues or bitydinges2 ne this is non opinioun1 but it is rather the simplicitee of the sovereyn science1 that nis nat enclosed nor y-shet within none boundes4 ,,pr4 ,v4 #a4 ,a4 om4 yif 7,lat4 ,quod si74 #e4 ,c4 ,a4 witte2 ,ed4 wytte4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 or the4 #f1 #g4 ,a4 om4 goth 444 suffraunce4 #aj4 ,a4 enprentid2 ,c4 emprienpted4 #bj1 #a4 ,a4 here ne there4 _/_/ ,a4 muscles4 #be4 ,i supply to4 #bf1 #g4 ,c4 thise oothre2 ,a4 is other4 #bi4 ,a4 subgitz4 #ca4 ,ed4 vnyuersal thynge2 ,a4 vniuersel thinges2 ,c4 vniuersels thinges 7,lat4 uniuersale74 #ce4 ,c4 soth2 ,ed4 sothe2 ,a4 om4 _/_/ ,c4 sensible1 quod absurdum est4 #da4 ,c4 seyn2 ,a4 seyn that4 #dd4 ,c4 enhansen2 ,a4 enhaunsen4 #de4 ,ed4 the knowing2 ,a4 knowynge2 ,c4 knowy 7,lat4 cognitionem74 #df4 ,a4 figure4 #dh4 ,c4 stidefast2 ,a4 stedfast4 #ea4 ,c4 and we2 ,a4 ,ed4 om4 and4 #eb4 ,c4 ,ed4 and of2 ,a4 or4 #ef4 ,a4 ,ed4 ne2 ,c4 om4 #eh4 ,a4 om4 ,and4 #ei4 ,a4 om4 ther4 #fa4 ,c4 bideth 7674 #fb4 ,c4 parsoneres2 ,a4 parsoners2 ,ed4 parteners4 #fc4 ,a4 om4 #ast that4 #fe4 ,a4 summitten4 #ff4 ,c4 yif that2 ,ed4 if2 ,a4 that yif4 #ga4 ,c4 diffinysshed2 ,a4 difinissed4 #gb4 ,a4 ,ed4 is2 ,c4 nis4 ,,metre ,v4 ,quam uariis terris animalia permeant figuris4 ,the beestes passen by the erthes by ful diverse figures4 ,for som of hem han hir bodies straught and crepen in the dust1 and drawen after hem a tras or a foruh y-continued2 that is to seyn1 as nadres or snakes4 ,and other beestes1 by the wandringe lightnesse of hir winges1 beten the windes1 and over-swimmen the spaces of #e the longe eyr by moist fleeinge4 ,and other beestes gladen hem-self to diggen hir tras or hir steppes in the erthe with hir goings or with hir feet1 and to goon either by the grene feldes1 or elles to walken under the wodes4 ,and al-be-it so that thou seest that they alle discorden by diverse formes1 algates hir faces1 enclined1 #aj hevieth hir dulle wittes4 ,only the linage of man heveth heyeste his heye heved1 and stondeth light with his up-right body1 and biholdeth the erthes under him4 ,and1 but-yif thou1 erthely man1 wexest yvel out of thy wit1 this figure amonesteth thee1 that axest the hevene with thy righte visage1 and hast areysed thy fore-heved1 #ae to beren up a-heigh thy corage2 so that thy thoght ne be nat y-hevied ne put lowe under fote1 sin that thy body is so heye areysed4 ,,me4 ,v4 #c4 ,c4 traas2 ,a4 trais2 ,ed4 trace4 _/_/ ,c4 forwh2 ,a4 forghe2 ,ed4 forough4 _/_/ ,a4 ,ed4 continued4 #d4 ,a4 addres2 ,ed4 nedders4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 the4 #g4 ,c4 ,a4 traas4 _/_/ ,a4 goynge 7,lat4 gressibus74 #h4 ,c4 feeldes4 _/_/ ,a4 om4 elles4 #aj4 ,a4 om4 faces4 _/_/ ,a4 enclining4 #ac4 ,a4 erthe 7,lat4 terras74 _/_/ ,a4 om4 ,and4 #af4 ,a4 on heye4 ,,prose ,,vi4 ,quoniam igitur1 uti paullo ante4 ,therfor thanne1 as ,i have shewed a litel her-biforn1 that al thing that is y-wist nis nat knowen by his nature propre1 but by the nature of hem that comprehenden it1 lat us loke now1 in as mochel as it is leveful to us1 as who seith1 lat us loke now as we mowen1 which that the estat is of the devyne substaunce2 so that #e we mowen eek knowen what his science is4 ,the commune ,iugement of alle creatures resonables thanne is this3 that god is eterne4 ,lat us considere thanne what is eternitee2 for certes that shal shewen us to-gidere the devyne nature and the devyne science4 ,eternitee1 thanne1 is parfit possessioun and al-togidere of lyf #aj interminable2 and that sheweth more cleerly by the comparisoun or the collacioun of temporel thinges4 ,for al thing that liveth in tyme it is present1 and procedeth fro preterits in-to futures1 that is to seyn1 fro tyme passed in-to tyme cominge2 ne ther nis no-thing establisshed in tyme that may enbracen to-gider al the space of #ae his lyf4 ,for certes1 yit ne hath it taken the tyme of to-morwe1 and it hath lost the tyme of yisterday4 ,and certes1 in the lyf of this day1 ye ne liven no more but right as in the moevable and transitorie moment4 ,thanne thilke thing that suffreth temporel condicioun1 al-thogh that it never bigan to be1 ne thogh it never #bj cese for to be1 as ,aristotle demed of the world1 and al-thogh that the lyf of it be strecched with infinitee of tyme1 yit algates nis it no swich thing that men mighten trowen by right that it is eterne4 ,for al-thogh that it comprehende and embrace the space of lyf infinit1 yit algates ne embraceth it nat the space of the lyf #be al-togider2 for it ne hath nat the futures that ne ben nat yit1 ne it ne hath no lenger the preterits that ben y-doon or y-passed4 ,but thilke thing thanne1 that hath and comprehendeth to-gider al the plentee of the lyf interminable1 to whom ther ne faileth naught of the future1 and to whom ther nis naught of the preterit escaped #cj nor y-passed1 thilke same is y-witnessed and y-proeved by right to be eterne4 ,and it bihoveth by necessitee that thilke thing be al-wey present to him-self1 and compotent2 as who seith1 al-wey present to him-self1 and so mighty that al be right at his plesaunce2 and that he have al present the infinitee of the moevable tyme4 #ce ,wher-for som men trowen wrongfully that1 whan they heren that it semede to ,plato that this world ne hadde never beginninge of tyme1 ne that it never shal han failinge1 they wenen in this maner that this world be maked coeterne with his maker2 as who seith1 they wene that this world and god ben maked togider eterne1 #dj and that is a wrongful weninge4 ,for other thing is it to ben y-lad by lyf interminable1 as ,plato graunted to the world1 and other thing is it to embrace to-gider al the present of the lyf interminable1 the whiche thing it is cleer and manifest that it is propre to the devyne thoght4 #de ,ne it ne sholde nat semen to us1 that god is elder thanne thinges that ben y-maked by quantitee of tyme1 but rather by the propretee of his simple nature4 ,for this ilke infinit moevinge of temporel thinges folweth this presentarie estat of lyf unmoevable2 and so as it ne may nat countrefeten it ne feynen it ne be evenlyke #ej to it for the inmoevabletee1 that is to seyn1 that is in the eternitee of god1 it faileth and falleth in-to moevinge fro the simplicitee of the presence of god1 and disencreseth in-to the infinit quantitee of future and of preterit3 and so as it ne may nat han to-gider al the plentee of the lyf1 algates yit1 for as moche as it #ee ne ceseth never for to ben in som maner1 it semeth som-del to us1 that it folweth and resembleth thilke thing that it ne may nat atayne to ne fulfillen1 and bindeth it-self to som maner presence of this litel and swifte moment3 the which presence of this litel and swifte moment1 for that it bereth a maner image or lyknesse #fj of the ay-dwellinge presence of god1 it graunteth1 to swiche maner thinges as it bitydeth to1 that it semeth hem as thise thinges han y-ben1 and ben4 ,and1 for that the presence of swich litel moment ne may nat dwelle1 ther-for it ravisshed and took the infinit wey of tyme1 that #fe is to seyn1 by successioun2 and by this maner is it y-doon1 for that it sholde continue the lyf in goinge1 of the whiche lyf it ne mighte nat enbrace the plentee in dwellinge4 ,and for-thy1 yif we wollen putten worthy names to thinges1 and folwen ,plato1 lat us seye thanne soothly1 that god is eterne1 and the world is perpetuel4 #gj ,thanne1 sin that every ,iugement knoweth and comprehendeth by his owne nature thinges that ben subiect un-to him1 ther is soothly to god1 al-weys1 an eterne and presentarie estat2 and the science of him1 that over-passeth al temporel moevement1 dwelleth in the simplicitee of his presence1 and embraceth and considereth alle #ge the infinit spaces of tymes1 preterits and futures1 and loketh1 in his simple knowinge1 alle thinges of preterit right as they weren y-doon presently right now4 ,yif thou wolt thanne thenken and avyse the prescience1 by which it knoweth alle thinges1 thou ne shal nat demen it as prescience of thinges to comen1 but thou #hj shalt demen it more rightfully that it is science of presence or of instaunce1 that never ne faileth4 ,for which it nis nat y-cleped previdence1 but it sholde rather ben cleped purviaunce1 that is establisshed ful fer fro right lowe thinges1 and biholdeth from a-fer alle thinges1 right as it were fro the heye heighte of thinges4 #he ,why axestow thanne1 or why desputestow thanne1 that thilke thinges ben doon by necessitee whiche that ben y-seyn and knowen by the devyne sighte1 sin that1 forsothe1 men ne maken nat thilke thinges necessarie which that they seen ben y-doon in hir sighte8 ,for addeth thy biholdinge any necessitee to thilke #ij thinges that thou biholdest presente8' ',nay1' quod ,i4 ,philosophie4 ',certes1 thanne1 if men mighte maken any digne comparisoun or collacioun of the presence devyne and of the presence of mankinde1 right so as ye seen some thinges in this #ie temporel present1 right so seeth god alle thinges by his eterne present4 ,wher-fore this devyne prescience ne chaungeth nat the nature ne the propretee of thinges1 but biholdeth swiche thinges present to him-ward as they shullen bityde to yow-ward in tyme to comen4 ,ne it confoundeth nat the ,iugement of thinges2 but #ajj by o sighte of his thought1 he knoweth the thinges to comen1 as wel necessarie as nat necessarie4 ,right so as whan ye seen to-gider a man walken on the erthe and the sonne arysen in the hevene1 al-be-it so that ye seen and biholden that oon and that other to-gider1 yit natheles ye demen and discernen that that #aje oon is voluntarie and that other necessarie4 ,right so thanne the devyne lookinge1 biholdinge alle thinges under him1 ne troubleth nat the qualitee of thinges that ben certeinly present to him-ward2 but1 as to the condicioun of tyme1 forsothe1 they ben future4 ,for which it folweth1 that this nis noon opinioun1 but rather a stedefast #aaj knowinge1 y-strengthed by soothnesse1 that1 whanne that god knoweth anything to be1 he ne unwot nat that thilke thing wanteth necessitee to be2 this is to seyn1 that1 whan that god knoweth any thing to bityde1 he wot wel that it ne hath no necessitee to bityde4 ,and yif thou seyst heer1 that thilke thing that god seeth to #aae bityde1 it ne may nat unbityde 7as who seith1 it mot bityde71 and thilke thing that ne may nat unbityde it mot bityde by necessitee1 and that thou streyne me by this name of necessitee3 certes1 ,i wol wel confessen and biknowe a thing of ful sad trouthe1 but unnethe shal ther any wight mowe seen it or come ther-to1 but-yif #abj that he be biholder of the devyne thoght4 ,for ,i wol answeren thee thus3 that thilke thing that is future1 whan it is referred to the devyne knowinge1 thanne is it necessarie2 but certes1 whan it is understonden in his owne kinde1 men seen it is outrely free1 and absolut fro alle necessitee4 #abe ,for certes1 ther ben two maneres of necessitee4 ,that oon necessitee is simple1 as thus3 that it bihoveth by necessitee1 that alle men be mortal or deedly4 ,another necessitee is conditionel1 as thus3 yif thou wost that a man walketh1 it bihoveth by necessitee that he walke4 ,thilke thing thanne that any wight hath y-knowe #acj to be1 it ne may ben non other weyes thanne he knoweth it to be4 ,but this condicioun ne draweth nat with hir thilke necessitee simple4 ,for certes1 this necessitee conditionel1 the propre nature of it ne maketh it nat1 but the adieccioun of the condicioun maketh it4 ,for no necessitee ne constreyneth a man to gon1 #ace that goth by his propre wil2 al-be-it so that1 whan he goth1 that it is necessarie that he goth4 ,right on this same maner thanne1 yif that the purviaunce of god seeth any thing present1 than mot thilke thing ben by necessitee1 al-thogh that it ne have no necessitee of his owne nature4 ,but certes1 the futures that #adj bityden by freedom of arbitre1 god seeth hem alle to-gider present4 ,thise thinges thanne1 yif they ben referred to the devyne sighte1 thanne ben they maked necessarie by the condicioun of the devyne knowinge4 ,but certes1 yif thilke thinges be considered by hem-self1 they ben absolut of necessitee1 and ne forleten nat ne #ade cesen nat of the libertee of hir owne nature4 ,thanne1 certes1 with-oute doute1 alle the thinges shollen ben doon which that god wot biforn that they ben to comen4 ,but som of hem comen and bityden of free arbitre or of free wille1 that1 al-be-it so that they bityden1 yit algates ne lese they nat hir propre nature in #aej beinge2 by the which first1 or that they weren y-doon1 they hadden power nat to han bitid4' ,boece4 ',what is this to seyn thanne1' quod ,i1 'that thinges ne ben nat necessarie by hir propre nature1 so as they comen in alle maneres in the lyknesse of necessitee by the condicioun of the #aee devyne science8' ,philosophie4 ',this is the difference1' quod she2 'that tho thinges that ,i purposede thee a litel heer-biforn1 that is to seyn1 the sonne arysinge and the man walkinge1 that1 ther-whyles that thilke thinges been y-doon1 they ne mighte nat ben undoon2 #afj natheles1 that oon of hem1 or it was y-doon1 it bihoved by necessitee that it was y-doon1 but nat that other4 ,right so is it here1 that the thinges that god hath present1 with-oute doute they shollen been4 ,but som of hem descendeth of the nature of thinges1 as the sonne arysinge2 and som descendeth of the power #afe of the doeres1 as the man walkinge4 ,thanne seide ,i no wrong1 that yif these thinges ben referred to the devyne knowinge1 thanne ben they necessarie2 and yif they ben considered by hem-self1 thanne ben they absolut fro the bond of necessitee4 ,right so as alle thinges that apereth or sheweth to the wittes1 yif thou referre #agj it to resoun1 it is universel2 and yif thou referre it or loke it to it-self1 than is it singuler4 ,but now1 yif thou seyst thus1 that yif it be in my power to chaunge my purpos1 than shal ,i voide the purviaunce of god1 whan that1 peraventure1 ,i shal han chaunged the thinges that he knoweth biforn1 thanne shal ,i answere thee #age thus4 ,certes1 thou mayst wel chaunge thy purpos2 but1 for as mochel as the present soothnesse of the devyne purviaunce biholdeth that thou mayst chaunge thy purpos1 and whether thou wolt chaunge it or no1 and whiderward that thou torne it1 thou ne mayst nat eschuen the devyne prescience2 right as thou ne mayst #ahj nat fleen the sighte of the presente eye1 al-though that thou torne thy-self by thy free wil in-to dyverse acciouns4 ,but thou mayst seyn ayein3 ,how shal it thanne be8 ,shal nat the devyne science be chaunged by my disposicioun1 whan that ,i wol o thing now1 and now another8 ,and thilke prescience1 ne semeth it nat #ahe to entrechaunge stoundes of knowinge2' as who seith1 ne shal it nat seme to us1 that the devyne prescience entrechaungeth hise dyverse stoundes of knowinge1 so that it knowe sum-tyme o thing and sum-tyme the contrarie of that thing8 ',no1 forsothe1' quod ,i4 #aij ,philosophie4 ',for the devyne sighte renneth to-forn and seeth alle futures1 and clepeth hem ayein1 and retorneth hem to the presence of his propre knowinge2 ne he ne entrechaungeth nat1 so as thou wenest1 the stoundes of forknowinge1 as now this1 now that2 but he ay-dwellinge comth biforn1 and embraceth at o strook alle thy #aie mutaciouns4 ,and this presence to comprehenden and to seen alle thinges1 god ne hath nat taken it of the bitydinge of thinges to come1 but of his propre simplicitee4 ,and her-by is assoiled thilke thing that thou puttest a litel her-biforn1 that is to seyn1 that it is unworthy thing to seyn1 that our futures yeven cause of #bjj the science of god4 ,for certes1 this strengthe of the devyne science1 which that embraceth alle thinges by his presentarie knowinge1 establissheth maner to alle thinges1 and it ne oweth naught to latter thinges2 and sin that these thinges ben thus1 that is to seyn1 sin that necessitee nis nat in thinges by the devyne #bje prescience1 than is ther freedom of arbitre1 that dwelleth hool and unwemmed to mortal men4 ,ne the lawes ne purposen nat wikkedly medes and peynes to the willinges of men that ben unbounden and quite of alle necessitee4 ,and god1 biholder and for-witer of alle thinges1 dwelleth above2 and the present eternitee #baj of his sighte renneth alwey with the dyverse qualitee of oure dedes1 despensinge and ordeyninge medes to goode men1 and torments to wikked men4 ,ne in ydel ne in veyn ne ben ther nat put in god hope and preyeres1 that ne mowen nat ben unspeedful ne with-oute effect1 whan they ben rightful4 #bae ,withstond thanne and eschue thou vyces2 worshipe and love thou virtues2 areys thy corage to rightful hopes2 yilde thou humble preyeres a-heigh4 ,gret necessitee of prowesse and vertu is encharged and commaunded to yow1 yif ye nil nat dissimulen2 sin that ye worken and doon1 that is to seyn1 your dedes or your #bbj workes1 biforn the eyen of the ,iuge that seeth and demeth alle thinges4' ,to whom be glorye and worshipe by infinit tymes4 ,,amen4 ,,pr4 ,,vi4 #a1 #b4 ,c4 alle thinges2 ,a4 ,ed4 al thing 7,lat4 omne74 #f4 ,a4 om4 eek4 #ab4 ,a4 om4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 alle2 ,a4 al4 #af4 ,a4 the morwe4 #ag4 ,a4 that 7for the tyme74 #ah4 ,a4 this 7for the74 #bj4 ,a4 om4 it4 #bb4 ,c4 strechched4 #be4 ,a4 braceth4 #cj4 ,c4 preterite2 ,a4 preterit4 #ca4 ,c4 ,i-witnesshed2 ,a4 ywitnessed4 _/_/ ,c4 and2 ,a4 or4 #cd4 ,a4 plesaunce2 ,c4 pleasaunce4 #ce4 ,a4 infinit4 #da4 ,a4 it 7for that74 #dc4 ,a4 embracen4 #di4 ,a4 of the lijf4 #ec4 ,a4 om4 the4 _/_/ ,c4 in-to2 ,a4 to4 #eh4 ,a4 presence2 ,c4 presensse4 #fd4 ,a4 om4 that4 #fe4 ,a4 om4 it4 _/_/ ,c4 ,infynyte2 ,a4 infinit4 #gc4 ,a4 alwey to god4 #gh4 ,c4 thinken2 ,a4 thenke4 #ha4 ,a4 om4 it4 #hc4 ,a4 prouidence2 ,c4 puruydence 7glossed prouidentia72 but see note4 #hf4 ,a4 disputest thou4 #hh4 ,a4 yknowen4 #aja4 ,c4 o2 ,ed4 one2 ,a4 of 7672 ,lat4 unoque4 #ajd4 ,a4 om4 the4 #ajf4 ,a4 om4 the4 #aaj4 ,c4 stidefast2 ,a4 stedfast4 #aaf4 ,a4 bitide2 ,c4 bide 7miswritten2 #bnd time74 #abj4 ,a4 om4 mowe4 #abd4 ,a4 om4 is4 #acd4 ,a4 naught 7for nat74 #ace1 #f4 ,a4 om4 gon that4 #ada4 ,a4 presentz4 #adb4 ,a4 om4 yif4 #adc4 ,c4 by2 ,a4 to 7,lat4 per74 #adi4 ,a4 om4 #ast free4 #aej4 ,c4 in2 ,a4 ne 7wrongly74 #afa4 ,a4 byhoued2 ,ed4 behoueth2 ,c4 houyd 7674 #afi4 ,a4 om4 as4 #agj4 ,ed4 apereth2 ,c4 apiereth2 ,a4 appiereth4 #agh4 ,c4 wheyther2 ,a4 whethir4 #agi4 ,a4 om4 ne4 #ahf4 ,a4 knowynges 7,lat4 noscendi74 #ahi4 ,ed4 of that thing2 ,c4 ,a4 om4 #aij4 ,ed4 quod she 7for quod ,i2 wrongly74 #aic4 ,a4 om4 so4 #aid4 ,a4 om4 as4 #bjc4 ,a4 awith nat4 #bje1 #f4 ,c4 om4 that is 444 prescience2 ,ed4 and ,a4 have it4 #bac4 ,c4 torment2 ,a4 tourmentz 7supplicia74 #bad4 ,a4 nat2 ,ed4 not2 ,c4 ne4 #baf4 ,c4 withston 7sic74 #bah4 ,a4 an heyghe4 #bbb4 ,c4 ,to whom be goye 7sic7 and worshipe bi ,infynyt tymes4 ,,amen2 which ,a4 ,ed4 7perhaps rightly7 omit4 ,,troilus ,,and ,,criseyde4 ,,book ,i4 #a4 ,the double sorwe of ,troilus to tellen1 ,that was the king ,priamus sone of ,troye1 ,in lovinge1 how his aventures fellen ,fro wo to wele1 and after out of ,ioye1 ,my purpos is1 er that ,i parte fro ye4 #e ,thesiphone1 thou help me for tendyte ,thise woful vers1 that wepen as ,i wryte6 #b4 ,to thee clepe ,i1 thou goddesse of torment1 ,thou cruel ,furie1 sorwing ever in peyne2 ,help me1 that am the sorwful instrument #aj ,that helpeth lovers1 as ,i can1 to pleyne6 ,for wel sit it1 the sothe for to seyne1 ,a woful wight to han a drery fere1 ,and1 to a sorwful tale1 a sory chere4 #c4 ,for ,i1 that god of ,loves servaunts serve1 #ae ,ne dar to ,love1 for myn unlyklinesse1 ,preyen for speed1 al sholde ,i therfor sterve1 ,so fer am ,i fro his help in derknesse2 ,but nathelees1 if this may doon gladnesse ,to any lover1 and his cause avayle1 #bj ,have he my thank1 and myn be this travayle6 #d4 ,but ye loveres1 that bathen in gladnesse1 ,if any drope of pitee in yow be1 ,remembreth yow on passed hevinesse ,that ye han felt1 and on the adversitee #be ,of othere folk1 and thenketh how that ye ,han felt that ,love dorste yow displese2 ,or ye han wonne him with to greet an ese4 #e4 ,and preyeth for hem that ben in the cas ,of ,troilus1 as ye may after here1 #cj ,that love hem bringe in hevene to solas1 ,and eek for me preyeth to god so dere1 ,that ,i have might to shewe1 in som manere1 ,swich peyne and wo as ,loves folk endure1 ,in ,troilus unsely aventure4 #ce #f4 ,and biddeth eek for hem that been despeyred ,in love1 that never nil recovered be1 ,and eek for hem that falsly been apeyred ,thorugh wikked tonges1 be it he or she2 ,thus biddeth god1 for his benignitee1 #dj ,to graunte hem sone out of this world to pace1 ,that been despeyred out of ,loves grace4 #g4 ,and biddeth eek for hem that been at ese1 ,that god hem graunte ay good perseveraunce1 ,and sende hem might hir ladies so to plese1 #de ,that it to ,love be worship and plesaunce4 ,for so hope ,i my soule best avaunce1 ,to preye for hem that ,loves servaunts be1 ,and wryte hir wo1 and live in charitee4 #h4 ,and for to have of hem compassioun #ej ,as though ,i were hir owene brother dere4 ,now herkeneth with a gode entencioun1 ,for now wol ,i gon streight to my matere1 ,in whiche ye may the double sorwes here ,of ,troilus1 in loving of ,criseyde1 #ee ,and how that she forsook him er she deyde4 #i4 ,it is wel wist1 how that the ,grekes stronge ,in armes with a thousand shippes wente ,to ,troyewardes1 and the citee longe ,assegeden neigh ten yeer er they stente1 #fj ,and1 in diverse wyse and oon entente1 ,the ravisshing to wreken of ,eleyne1 ,by ,paris doon1 they wroughten al hir peyne4 #aj4 ,now fil it so1 that in the toun ther was ,dwellinge a lord of greet auctoritee1 #fe ,a gret devyn that cleped was ,calkas1 ,that in science so expert was1 that he ,knew wel that ,troye sholde destroyed be1 ,by answere of his god1 that highte thus1 ,daun ,phebus or ,apollo ,delphicus4 #gj #aa4 ,so whan this ,calkas knew by calculinge1 ,and eek by answere of this ,appollo1 ,that ,grekes sholden swich a peple bringe1 ,thorugh which that ,troye moste been for-do1 ,he caste anoon out of the toun to go2 #ge ,for wel wiste he1 by sort1 that ,troye sholde ,destroyed been1 ye1 wolde who-so nolde4 #ab4 ,for which1 for to departen softely ,took purpos ful this forknowinge wyse1 ,and to the ,grekes ost ful prively #hj ,he stal anoon2 and they1 in curteys wyse1 ,him deden bothe worship and servyse1 ,in trust that he hath conning hem to rede ,in every peril which that is to drede4 #ac4 ,the noyse up roos1 whan it was first aspyed1 #he ,thorugh al the toun1 and generally was spoken1 ,that ,calkas traytor fled was1 and allyed ,with hem of ,grece2 and casten to ben wroken ,on him that falsly hadde his feith so broken2 ,and seyden1 he and al his kin at ones #ij ,ben worthy for to brennen1 fel and bones4 #ad4 ,now hadde ,calkas left1 in this meschaunce1 ,al unwist of this false and wikked dede1 ,his doughter1 which that was in gret penaunce1 ,for of hir lyf she was ful sore in drede1 #ie ,as she that niste what was best to rede2 ,for bothe a widowe was she1 and allone ,of any freend1 to whom she dorste hir mone4 #ae4 ,criseyde was this lady name a-right2 ,as to my dome1 in al ,troyes citee #ajj ,nas noon so fair1 for passing every wight ,so aungellyk was hir natyf beautee1 ,that lyk a thing inmortal semed she1 ,as doth an hevenish parfit creature1 ,that doun were sent in scorning of nature4 #aje #af4 ,this lady1 which that al-day herde at ere ,hir fadres shame1 his falsnesse and tresoun1 ,wel nigh out of hir wit for sorwe and fere1 ,in widewes habit large of samit broun1 ,on knees she fil biforn ,ector a-doun2 #aaj ,with pitous voys1 and tendrely wepinge1 ,his mercy bad1 hir-selven excusinge4 #ag4 ,now was this ,ector pitous of nature1 ,and saw that she was sorwfully bigoon1 ,and that she was so fair a creature2 #aae ,of his goodnesse he gladed hir anoon1 ,and seyde1 'lat your fadres treson goon ,forth with mischaunce1 and ye your-self1 in ,ioye1 ,dwelleth with us1 whyl you good list1 in ,troye4 #ah4 ,and al thonour that men may doon yow have1 #abj ,as ferforth as your fader dwelled here1 ,ye shul han1 and your body shal men save1 ,as fer as ,i may ought enquere or here4' ,and she him thonked with ful humble chere1 ,and ofter wolde1 and it hadde ben his wille1 #abe ,and took hir leve1 and hoom1 and held hir stille4 #ai4 ,and in hir hous she abood with swich meynee ,as to hir honour nede was to holde2 ,and whyl she was dwellinge in that citee1 ,kepte hir estat1 and bothe of yonge and olde #acj ,ful wel beloved1 and wel men of hir tolde4 ,but whether that she children hadde or noon1 ,i rede it nought2 therfore ,i lete it goon4 #bj4 ,the thinges fellen1 as they doon of werre1 ,bitwixen hem of ,troye and ,grekes ofte2 #ace ,for som day boughten they of ,troye it derre1 ,and eft the ,grekes founden no thing softe ,the folk of ,troye2 and thus fortune on-lofte1 ,and under eft1 gan hem to wheelen bothe ,after hir cours1 ay whyl they were wrothe4 #adj #ba4 ,but how this toun com to destruccioun ,ne falleth nought to purpos me to telle2 ,for it were here a long disgressioun ,fro my matere1 and yow to longe dwelle4 ,but the ,troyane gestes1 as they felle1 #ade ,in ,omer1 or in ,dares1 or in ,dyte1 ,who-so that can1 may rede hem as they wryte4 #bb4 ,but though that ,grekes hem of ,troye shetten1 ,and hir citee bisegede al a-boute1 ,hir olde usage wolde they not letten1 #aej ,as for to honoure hir goddes ful devoute2 ,but aldermost in honour1 out of doute1 ,they hadde a relik hight ,palladion1 ,that was hir trist a-boven everichon4 #bc4 ,and so bifel1 whan comen was the tyme #aee ,of ,aperil1 whan clothed is the mede ,with newe grene1 of lusty ,ver the pryme1 ,and swote smellen floures whyte and rede1 ,in sondry wyses shewed1 as ,i rede1 ,the folk of ,troye hir observaunces olde1 #afj ,palladiones feste for to holde4 #bd4 ,and to the temple1 in al hir beste wyse1 ,in general1 ther wente many a wight1 ,to herknen of ,palladion the servyse2 ,and namely1 so many a lusty knight1 #afe ,so many a lady fresh and mayden bright1 ,ful wel arayed1 bothe moste and leste1 ,ye1 bothe for the seson and the feste4 #be4 ,among thise othere folk was ,criseyda1 ,in widewes habite blak2 but nathelees1 #agj ,right as our firste lettre is now an ,a1 ,in beautee first so stood she1 makelees2 ,hir godly looking gladede al the prees4 ,nas never seyn thing to ben preysed derre1 ,nor under cloude blak so bright a sterre #age #bf4 ,as was ,criseyde1 as folk seyde everichoon ,that hir bihelden in hir blake wede2 ,and yet she stood ful lowe and stille alloon1 ,bihinden othere folk1 in litel brede1 ,and neigh the dore1 ay under shames drede1 #ahj ,simple of a-tyr1 and debonaire of chere1 ,with ful assured loking and manere4 #bg4 ,this ,troilus1 as he was wont to gyde ,his yonge knightes1 ladde hem up and doun ,in thilke large temple on every syde1 #ahe ,biholding ay the ladyes of the toun1 ,now here1 now there1 for no devocioun ,hadde he to noon1 to reven him his reste1 ,but gan to preyse and lakken whom him leste4 #bh4 ,and in his walk ful fast he gan to wayten #aij ,if knight or squyer of his companye ,gan for to syke1 or lete his eyen bayten ,on any woman that he coude aspye2 ,he wolde smyle1 and holden it folye1 ,and seye him thus1 'god wot1 she slepeth softe #aie ,for love of thee1 whan thou tornest ful ofte6 #bi4 ',i have herd told1 pardieux1 of your livinge1 ,ye lovers1 and your lewede observaunces1 ,and which a labour folk han in winninge ,of love1 and1 in the keping1 which doutaunces2 #bjj ,and whan your preye is lost1 wo and penaunces2 ,o verrey foles6 nyce and blinde be ye2 ,ther nis not oon can war by other be4' #cj4 ,and with that word he gan cast up the browe1 ,ascaunces1 'lo6 is this nought wysly spoken8' #bje ,at which the god of love gan loken rowe ,right for despyt1 and shoop for to ben wroken2 ,he kidde anoon his bowe nas not broken2 ,for sodeynly he hit him at the fulle2 ,and yet as proud a pekok can he pulle4 #baj #ca4 ,o blinde world1 ,o blinde entencioun6 ,how ofte falleth al theffect contraire ,of surquidrye and foul presumpcioun2 ,for caught is proud1 and caught is debonaire4 ,this ,troilus is clomben on the staire1 #bae ,and litel weneth that he moot descenden4 ,but al-day falleth thing that foles ne wenden4 #cb4 ,as proude ,bayard ginneth for to skippe ,out of the wey1 so priketh him his corn1 ,til he a lash have of the longe whippe1 #bbj ,than thenketh he1 'though ,i praunce al biforn ,first in the trays1 ful fat and newe shorn1 ,yet am ,i but an hors1 and horses lawe ,i moot endure1 and with my feres drawe4' #cc4 ,so ferde it by this fers and proude knight2 #bbe ,though he a worthy kinges sone were1 ,and wende no-thing hadde had swiche might ,ayens his wil that sholde his herte stere1 ,yet with a look his herte wex a-fere1 ,that he1 that now was most in pryde above1 #bcj ,wex sodeynly most subget un-to love4 #cd4 ,for-thy ensample taketh of this man1 ,ye wyse1 proude1 and worthy folkes alle1 ,to scornen ,love1 which that so sone can ,the freedom of your hertes to him thralle2 #bce ,for ever it was1 and ever it shal bifalle1 ,that ,love is he that alle thing may binde2 ,for may no man for-do the lawe of kinde4 #ce4 ,that this be sooth1 hath preved and doth yet2 ,for this trowe ,i ye knowen1 alle or some1 #bdj ,men reden not that folk han gretter wit ,than they that han be most with love y-nome2 ,and strengest folk ben therwith overcome1 ,the worthiest and grettest of degree2 ,this was1 and is1 and yet men shal it see4 #bde #cf4 ,and trewelich it sit wel to be so2 ,for alderwysest han ther-with ben plesed2 ,and they that han ben aldermost in wo1 ,with love han ben conforted most and esed2 ,and ofte it hath the cruel herte apesed1 #bej ,and worthy folk maad worthier of name1 ,and causeth most to dreden vyce and shame4 #cg4 ,now sith it may not goodly be withstonde1 ,and is a thing so vertuous in kinde1 ,refuseth not to ,love for to be bonde1 #bee ,sin1 as him-selven list1 he may yow binde4 ,the yerde is bet that bowen wole and winde ,than that that brest2 and therfor ,i yow rede ,to folwen him that so wel can yow lede4 #ch4 ,but for to tellen forth in special #bfj ,as of this kinges sone of which ,i tolde1 ,and leten other thing collateral1 ,of him thenke ,i my tale for to holde1 ,bothe of his ,ioye1 and of his cares colde2 ,and al his werk1 as touching this matere1 #bfe ,for ,i it gan1 ,i wil ther-to refere4 #ci4 ,with-inne the temple he wente him forth pleyinge1 ,this ,troilus1 of every wight aboute1 ,on this lady and now on that lokinge1 ,wher-so she were of toune1 or of with-oute3 #bgj ,and up-on cas bifel1 that thorugh a route ,his eye perced1 and so depe it wente1 ,til on ,criseyde it smoot1 and ther it stente4 #dj4 ,and sodeynly he wex ther-with astoned1 ,and gan hire bet biholde in thrifty wyse3 #bge ',o mercy1 god6' thoughte he1 'wher hastow woned1 ,that art so fair and goodly to devyse8' ,ther-with his herte gan to sprede and ryse1 ,and softe sighed1 lest men mighte him here1 ,and caughte a-yein his firste pleyinge chere4 #bhj #da4 ,she nas not with the leste of hir stature1 ,but alle hir limes so wel answeringe ,weren to womanhode1 that creature ,was neuer lasse mannish in seminge4 ,and eek the pure wyse of here meninge #bhe ,shewede wel1 that men might in hir gesse ,honour1 estat1 and wommanly noblesse4 #db4 ,to ,troilus right wonder wel with-alle ,gan for to lyke hir mening and hir chere1 ,which somdel deynous was1 for she leet falle #bij ,hir look a lite a-side1 in swich manere1 ,ascaunces1 'what6 may ,i not stonden here8' ,and after that hir loking gan she lighte1 ,that never thoughte him seen so good a sighte4 #dc4 ,and of hir look in him ther gan to quiken #bie ,so greet desir1 and swich affeccioun1 ,that in his hertes botme gan to stiken ,of hir his fixe and depe impressioun3 ,and though he erst hadde poured up and doun1 ,he was tho glad his hornes in to shrinke2 #cjj ,unnethes wiste he how to loke or winke4 #dd4 ,lo1 he that leet him-selven so konninge1 ,and scorned hem that loves peynes dryen1 ,was ful unwar that love hadde his dwellinge ,with-inne the subtile stremes of hir yn2 #cje ,that sodeynly him thoughte he felte dyen1 ,right with hir look1 the spirit in his herte2 ,blessed be love1 that thus can folk converte6 #de4 ,she1 this in blak1 lykinge to ,troylus1 ,over alle thyng he stood for to biholde2 #caj ,ne his desir1 ne wherfor he stood thus1 ,he neither chere made1 ne worde tolde2 ,but from a-fer1 his maner for to holde1 ,on other thing his look som-tyme he caste1 ,and eft on hir1 whyl that servyse laste4 #cae #df4 ,and after this1 not fulliche al awhaped1 ,out of the temple al esiliche he wente1 ,repentinge him that he hadde ever y-iaped ,of loves folk1 lest fully the descente ,of scorn fille on him-self2 but1 what he mente1 #cbj ,lest it were wist on any maner syde1 ,his wo he gan dissimulen and hyde4 #dg4 ,whan he was fro the temple thus departed1 ,he streyght anoon un-to his paleys torneth1 ,right with hir look thurgh-shoten and thurgh-darted1 #cbe ,al feyneth he in lust that he soiorneth2 ,and al his chere and speche also he borneth2 ,and ay1 of loves servants every whyle1 ,him-self to wrye1 at hem he gan to smyle4 #dh4 ,and seyde1 'lord1 so ye live al in lest1 #ccj ,ye loveres6 for the conningest of yow1 ,that serveth most ententiflich and best1 ,him tit as often harm ther-of as prow2 ,your hyre is quit ayein1 ye1 god wot how6 ,nought wel for wel1 but scorn for good servyse2 #cce ,in feith1 your ordre is ruled in good wyse6 #di4 ,in noun-certeyn ben alle your observaunces1 ,but it a sely fewe poyntes be2 ,ne no-thing asketh so grete attendaunces ,as doth your lay1 and that knowe alle ye2 #cdj ,but that is not the worste1 as mote ,i thee2 ,but1 tolde ,i yow the worste poynt1 ,i leve1 ,al seyde ,i sooth1 ye wolden at me greve6 #ej4 ,but tak this1 that ye loveres ofte eschuwe1 ,or elles doon of good entencioun1 #cde ,ful ofte thy lady wole it misconstrue1 ,and deme it harm in hir opinioun2 ,and yet if she1 for other enchesoun1 ,be wrooth1 than shalt thou han a groyn anoon3 ,lord6 wel is him that may be of yow oon6' #cej #ea4 ,but for al this1 whan that he say his tyme1 ,he held his pees1 non other bote him gayned2 ,for love bigan his fetheres so to lyme1 ,that wel unnethe un-to his folk he feyned ,that othere besye nedes him destrayned2 #cee ,for wo was him1 that what to doon he niste1 ,but bad his folk to goon wher that hem liste4 #eb4 ,and whan that he in chaumbre was allone1 ,he doun up-on his beddes feet him sette1 ,and first he gan to syke1 and eft to grone1 #cfj ,and thoughte ay on hir so1 with-outen lette1 ,that1 as he sat and wook1 his spirit mette ,that he hir saw a temple1 and al the wyse ,right of hir loke1 and gan it newe avyse4 #ec4 ,thus gan he make a mirour of his minde1 #cfe ,in which he saugh al hoolly hir figure2 ,and that he wel coude in his herte finde1 ,it was to him a right good aventure ,to love swich oon1 and if he dide his cure ,to serven hir1 yet mighte he falle in grace1 #cgj ,or elles1 for oon of hir servaunts pace4 #ed4 ,imagininge that travaille nor grame ,ne mighte1 for so goodly oon1 be lorn ,as she1 ne him for his desir ne shame1 ,al were it wist1 but in prys and up-born #cge ,of alle lovers wel more than biforn2 ,thus argumented he in his ginninge1 ,ful unavysed of his wo cominge4 #ee4 ,thus took he purpos loves craft to suwe1 ,and thoughte he wolde werken prively1 #chj ,first1 to hyden his desir in muwe ,from every wight y-born1 al-outrely1 ,but he mighte ought recovered be therby2 ,remembring him1 that love to wyde y-blowe ,yelt bittre fruyt1 though swete seed be sowe4 #che #ef4 ,and over al this1 yet muchel more he thoughte ,what for to speke1 and what to holden inne1 ,and what to arten hir to love he soughte1 ,and on a song anoon-right to biginne1 ,and gan loude on his sorwe for to winne2 #cij ,for with good hope he gan fully assente ,criseyde for to love1 and nought repente4 #eg4 ,and of his song nought only the sentence1 ,as writ myn autour called ,lollius1 ,but pleynly1 save our tonges difference1 #cie ,i dar wel sayn1 in al that ,troilus ,seyde in his song2 lo6 every word right thus ,as ,i shal seyn2 and who-so list it here1 ,lo6 next this vers1 he may it finden here4 ,,cantus ,,troili4 #eh4 ',if no love is1 ,o god1 what fele ,i so8 #djj ,and if love is1 what thing and whiche is he6 ,if love be good1 from whennes comth my wo8 ,if it be wikke1 a wonder thinketh me1 ,whenne every torment and adversitee ,that cometh of him1 may to me savory thinke2 #dje ,for ay thurst ,i1 the more that ,i it drinke4 #ei4 ,and if that at myn owene lust ,i brenne1 ,fro whennes cometh my wailing and my pleynte8 ,if harme agree me1 wher-to pleyne ,i thenne8 ,i noot1 ne why unwery that ,i feynte4 #daj ,o quike deeth1 o swete harm so queynte1 ,how may of thee in me swich quantitee1 ,but-if that ,i consente that it be8 #fj4 ,and if that ,i consente1 ,i wrongfully ,compleyne1 y-wis2 thus possed to and fro1 #dae ,al sterelees with-inne a boot am ,i ,a-mid the see1 by-twixen windes two1 ,that in contrarie stonden ever-mo4 ,allas6 what is this wonder maladye8 ,for hete of cold1 for cold of hete1 ,i deye4' #dbj #fa4 ,and to the god of love thus seyde he ,with pitous voys1 ',o lord1 now youres is ,my spirit1 which that oughte youres be4 ,yow thanke ,i1 lord1 that han me brought to this2 ,but whether goddesse or womman1 y-wis1 #dbe ,she be1 ,i noot1 which that ye do me serve2 ,but as hir man ,i wole ay live and sterve4 #fb4 ,ye stonden in hire eyen mightily1 ,as in a place un-to your vertu digne2 ,wherfore1 lord1 if my servyse or ,i #dcj ,may lyke yow1 so beth to me benigne2 ,for myn estat royal here ,i resigne ,in-to hir hond1 and with ful humble chere ,bicome hir man1 as to my lady dere4' #fc4 ,in him ne deyned sparen blood royal #dce ,the fyr of love1 wher-fro god me blesse1 ,ne him forbar in no degree1 for al ,his vertu or his excellent prowesse2 ,but held him as his thral lowe in distresse1 ,and brende him so in sondry wyse ay newe1 #ddj ,that sixty tyme a day he loste his hewe4 #fd4 ,so muche1 day by day1 his owene thought1 ,for lust to hir1 gan quiken and encrese1 ,that every other charge he sette at nought2 ,for-thy ful ofte1 his hote fyr to cese1 #dde ,to seen hir goodly look he gan to prese2 ,for ther-by to ben esed wel he wende1 ,and ay the ner he was1 the more he brende4 #fe4 ,for ay the ner the fyr1 the hotter is1 ,this1 trowe ,i1 knoweth al this companye4 #dej ,but were he fer or neer1 ,i dar seye this1 ,by night or day1 for wysdom or folye1 ,his herte1 which that is his brestes y1 ,was ay on hir1 that fairer was to sene ,than ever was ,eleyne or ,polixene4 #dee #ff4 ,eek of the day ther passed nought an houre ,that to him-self a thousand tyme he seyde1 ',good goodly1 to whom serve ,i and laboure1 ,as ,i best can1 now wolde god1 ,criseyde1 ,ye wolden on me rewe er that ,i deyde6 #dfj ,my dere herte1 allas6 myn hele and hewe ,and lyf is lost1 but ye wole on me rewe4' #fg4 ,alle othere dredes weren from him fledde1 ,bothe of the assege and his savacioun2 ,ne in him desyr noon othere fownes bredde #dfe ,but arguments to this conclusioun1 ,that she on him wolde han compassioun1 ,and he to be hir man1 whyl he may dure2 ,lo1 here his lyf1 and from the deeth his cure6 #fh4 ,the sharpe shoures felle of armes preve1 #dgj ,that ,ector or his othere bretheren diden1 ,ne made him only ther-fore ones meve2 ,and yet was he1 wher-so men wente or riden1 ,founde oon the best1 and lengest tyme abiden ,ther peril was1 and dide eek such travayle #dge ,in armes1 that to thenke it was mervayle4 #fi4 ,but for non hate he to the ,grekes hadde1 ,ne also for the rescous of the toun1 ,ne made him thus in armes for to madde1 ,but only1 lo1 for this conclusioun1 #dhj ,to lyken hir the bet for his renoun2 ,fro day to day in armes so he spedde1 ,that alle the ,grekes as the deeth him dredde4 #gj4 ,and fro this forth tho refte him love his sleep1 ,and made his mete his foo2 and eek his sorwe #dhe ,gan multiplye1 that1 who-so toke keep1 ,it shewed in his hewe1 bothe eve and morwe2 ,therfor a title he gan him for to borwe ,of other syknesse1 lest of him men wende ,that the hote fyr of love him brende4 #dij #ga4 ,and seyde1 he hadde a fever and ferde amis2 ,but how it was1 certayn1 can ,i not seye1 ,if that his lady understood not this1 ,or feyned hir she niste1 oon of the tweye2 ,but wel ,i rede that1 by no maner weye1 #die ,ne semed it as that she of him roughte1 ,nor of his peyne1 or what-so-ever he thoughte4 #gb4 ,but than fel to this ,troylus such wo1 ,that he was wel neigh wood2 for ay his drede ,was this1 that she som wight had loved so1 #ejj ,that never of him she wolde have taken hede2 ,for whiche him thoughte he felte his herte blede4 ,ne of his wo ne dorste he not biginne ,to tellen it1 for al this world to winne4 #gc4 ,but whanne he hadde a space fro his care1 #eje ,thus to him-self ful ofte he gan to pleyne2 ,he sayde1 ',o fool1 now art thou in the snare1 ,that whilom ,iapedest at loves peyne2 ,now artow hent1 now gnaw thyn owene cheyne2 ,thou were ay wont eche lovere reprehende #eaj ,of thing fro which thou canst thee nat defende4 #gd4 ,what wole now every lover seyn of thee1 ,if this be wist1 but ever in thyn absence ,laughen in scorn1 and seyn1 lo1 ther gooth he1 ,that is the man of so gret sapience1 #eae ,that held us loveres leest in reverence6 ,now1 thonked be god1 he may goon in the daunce ,of hem that ,love list febly for to avaunce6 #ge4 ,but1 ,o thou woful ,troilus1 god wolde1 ,sin thow most loven thurgh thy destinee1 #ebj ,that thow beset were on swich oon that sholde ,knowe al thy wo1 al lakkede hir pitee3 ,but al so cold in love1 towardes thee1 ,thy lady is1 as frost in winter mone1 ,and thou fordoon1 as snow in fyr is sone4 #ebe #gf4 ,god wolde ,i were aryved in the port ,of deeth1 to which my sorwe wil me lede6 ,a1 lord1 to me it were a greet comfort2 ,then were ,i quit of languisshing in drede4 ,for by myn hidde sorwe y-blowe on brede #ecj ,i shal bi-,iaped been a thousand tyme ,more than that fool of whos folye men ryme4 #gg4 ,but now help god1 and ye1 swete1 for whom ,i pleyne1 y-caught1 ye1 never wight so faste6 ,o mercy1 dere herte1 and help me from #ece ,the deeth1 for ,i1 whyl that my lyf may laste1 ,more than my-self wol love yow to my laste4 ,and with som freendly look gladeth me1 swete1 ,though never more thing ye me bi-hete6' #gh4 ,this wordes and ful manye an-other to #edj ,he spak1 and called ever in his compleynte ,hir name1 for to tellen hir his wo1 ,til neigh that he in salte teres dreynte4 ,al was for nought1 she herde nought his pleynte2 ,and whan that he bithoughte on that folye1 #ede ,a thousand fold his wo gan multiplye4 #gi4 ,bi-wayling in his chambre thus allone1 ,a freend of his1 that called was ,pandare1 ,com ones in unwar1 and herde him grone1 ,and sey his freend in swich distresse and care3 #eej ',allas6' quod he1 'who causeth al this fare8 ,o mercy1 god6 what unhap may this mene8 ,han now thus sone ,grekes maad yow lene8 #hj4 ,or hastow som remors of conscience1 ,and art now falle in som devocioun1 #eee ,and waylest for thy sinne and thyn offence1 ,and hast for ferde caught attricioun8 ,god save hem that bi-seged han our toun1 ,and so can leye our ,iolyte on presse1 ,and bring our lusty folk to holinesse6' #efj #ha4 ,these wordes seyde he for the nones alle1 ,that with swich thing he mighte him angry maken1 ,and with an angre don his sorwe falle1 ,as for the tyme1 and his corage awaken2 ,but wel he wiste1 as fer as tonges spaken1 #efe ,ther nas a man of gretter hardinesse ,than he1 ne more desired worthinesse4 #hb4 ',what cas1' quod ,troilus1 'or what aventure ,hath gyded thee to see my languisshinge1 ,that am refus of euery creature8 #egj ,but for the love of god1 at my preyinge1 ,go henne a-way1 for certes1 my deyinge ,wol thee disese1 and ,i mot nedes deye2 ,ther-for go wey1 ther is no more to seye4 #hc4 ,but if thou wene ,i be thus syk for drede1 #ege ,it is not so1 and ther-for scorne nought2 ,ther is a-nother thing ,i take of hede ,wel more than ought the ,grekes han y-wrought1 ,which cause is of my deeth1 for sorwe and thought4 ,but though that ,i now telle thee it ne leste1 #ehj ,be thou nought wrooth1 ,i hyde it for the beste4' #hd4 ,this ,pandare1 that neigh malt for wo and routhe1 ,ful often seyde1 'allas6 what may this be8 ,now freend1' quod he1 'if ever love or trouthe ,hath been1 or is1 bi-twixen thee and me1 #ehe ,ne do thou never swiche a crueltee ,to hyde fro thy freend so greet a care2 ,wostow nought wel that it am ,i1 ,pandare8 #he4 ,i wole parten with thee al thy peyne1 ,if it be so ,i do thee no comfort1 #eij ,as it is freendes right1 sooth for to seyne1 ,to entreparten wo1 as glad desport4 ,i have1 and shal1 for trewe or fals report1 ,in wrong and right y-loved thee al my lyve2 ,hyd not thy wo fro me1 but telle it blyve4' #eie #hf4 ,than gan this sorwful ,troilus to syke1 ,and seyde him thus1 'god leve it be my beste ,to telle it thee2 for1 sith it may thee lyke1 ,yet wole ,i telle it1 though myn herte breste2 ,and wel wot ,i thou mayst do me no reste4 #fjj ,but lest thow deme ,i truste not to thee1 ,now herkne1 freend1 for thus it stant with me4 #hg4 ,love1 a-yeins the which who-so defendeth ,him-selven most1 him alder-lest avayleth1 ,with desespeir so sorwfully me offendeth1 #fje ,that streyght un-to the deeth myn herte sayleth4 ,ther-to desyr so brenningly me assaylleth1 ,that to ben slayn it were a gretter ,ioye ,to me than king of ,grece been and ,troye6 #hh4 ,suffiseth this1 my fulle freend ,pandare1 #faj ,that ,i have seyd1 for now wostow my wo2 ,and for the love of god1 my colde care ,so hyd it wel1 ,i telle it never to mo2 ,for harmes mighte folwen1 mo than two1 ,if it were wist2 but be thou in gladnesse1 #fae ,and lat me sterve1 unknowe1 of my distresse4' #hi4 ',how hastow thus unkindely and longe ,hid this fro me1 thou fool8' quod ,pandarus2 ',paraunter thou might after swich oon longe1 ,that myn avys anoon may helpen us4' #fbj ',this were a wonder thing1' quod ,troylus1 ',thou coudest never in love thy-selven wisse2 ,how devel maystow bringen me to blisse8' #ij4 ',ye1 ,troilus1 now herke1' quod ,pandare1 ',though ,i be nyce2 it happeth ofte so1 #fbe ,that oon that exces doth ful yvele fare1 ,by good counseyl can kepe his freend ther-fro4 ,i have my-self eek seyn a blind man go ,ther-as he fel that coude loke wyde2 ,a fool may eek a wys man ofte gyde4 #fcj #ia4 ,a whetston is no kerving instrument1 ,and yet it maketh sharpe kerving-tolis4 ,and ther thow woost that ,i have ought miswent1 ,eschewe thou that1 for swich thing to thee scole is2 ,thus ofte wyse men ben war by folis4 #fce ,if thou do so1 thy wit is wel biwared2 ,by his contrarie is every thing declared4 #ib4 ,for how might ever sweetnesse have be knowe ,to him that never tasted bitternesse8 ,ne no man may be inly glad1 ,i trowe1 #fdj ,that never was in sorwe or som distresse2 ,eek whyt by blak1 by shame eek worthinesse1 ,ech set by other1 more for other semeth2 ,as men may see2 and so the wyse it demeth4 #ic4 ,sith thus of two contraries is a lore1 #fde ,i1 that have in love so ofte assayed ,grevaunces1 oughte conne1 and wel the more ,counsayllen thee of that thou art amayed4 ,eek thee ne oughte nat ben yvel apayed1 ,though ,i desyre with thee for to bere #fej ,thyn hevy charge2 it shal the lasse dere4 #id4 ,i woot wel that it fareth thus by me ,as to thy brother ,parys an herdesse1 ,which that y-cleped was ,onone1 ,wrot in a compleynt of hir hevinesse3 #fee ,ye say the lettre that she wroot1 y gesse8' ,nay1 never yet1 y-wis1' quod ,troilus4 ',now1' quod ,pandare1 'herkneth2 it was thus4-- #ie4 ,phebus1 that first fond art of medicyne1 ,quod she1 and coude in every wightes care #ffj ,remede and reed1 by herbes he knew fyne1 ,yet to him-self his conninge was ful bare2 ,for love hadde him so bounden in a snare1 ,al for the doughter of the kinge ,admete1 ,that al his craft ne coude his sorwe bete4-- #ffe #if4 ,right so fare ,i1 unhappily for me2 ,i love oon best1 and that me smerteth sore2 ,and yet1 paraunter1 can ,i rede thee1 ,and not my-self2 repreve me no more4 ,i have no cause1 ,i woot wel1 for to sore #fgj ,as doth an hauk that listeth for to pleye1 ,but to thyn help yet somwhat can ,i seye4 #ig4 ,and of o thing right siker maystow be1 ,that certayn1 for to deyen in the peyne1 ,that ,i shal never-mo discoveren thee2 #fge ,ne1 by my trouthe1 ,i kepe nat restreyne ,thee fro thy love1 thogh that it were ,eleyne1 ,that is thy brotheres wyf1 if ich it wiste2 ,be what she be1 and love hir as thee liste4 #ih4 ,therfore1 as freend fullich in me assure1 #fhj ,and tel me plat what is thyn enchesoun1 ,and final cause of wo that ye endure2 ,for douteth no-thing1 myn entencioun ,nis nought to yow of reprehencioun1 ,to speke as now1 for no wight may bireve #fhe ,a man to love1 til that him list to leve4 #ii4 ,and witeth wel1 that bothe two ben vyces1 ,mistrusten alle1 or elles alle leve2 ,but wel ,i woot1 the mene of it no vyce is1 ,for for to trusten sum wight is a preve #fij ,of trouthe1 and for-thy wolde ,i fayn remeve ,thy wrong conceyte1 and do thee som wight triste1 ,thy wo to telle2 and tel me1 if thee liste4 #ajj4 ,the wyse seyth1 wo him that is allone1 ,for1 and he falle1 he hath noon help to ryse2 #fie ,and sith thou hast a felawe1 tel thy mone2 ,for this nis not1 certeyn1 the nexte wyse ,to winnen love1 as techen us the wyse1 ,to walwe and wepe as ,niobe the quene1 ,whos teres yet in marbel been y-sene4 #gjj #aja4 ,lat be thy weping and thy drerinesse1 ,and lat us lissen wo with other speche2 ,so may thy woful tyme seme lesse4 ,delyte not in wo thy wo to seche1 ,as doon thise foles that hir sorwes eche #gje ,with sorwe1 whan they han misaventure1 ,and listen nought to seche hem other cure4 #ajb4 ,men seyn1 to wrecche is consolacioun ,to have an-other felawe in his peyne2 ,that oughte wel ben our opinioun1 #gaj ,for1 bothe thou and ,i1 of love we pleyne2 ,so ful of sorwe am ,i1 soth for to seyne1 ,that certeynly no more harde grace ,may sitte on me1 for-why ther is no space4 #ajc4 ,if god wole thou art not agast of me1 #gae ,lest ,i wolde of thy lady thee bigyle1 ,thow wost thy-self whom that ,i love1 pardee1 ,as ,i best can1 gon sithen longe whyle4 ,and sith thou wost ,i do it for no wyle1 ,and sith ,i am he that thou tristest most1 #gbj ,tel me sumwhat1 sin al my wo thou wost4' #ajd4 ,yet ,troilus1 for al this1 no word seyde1 ,but longe he lay as stille as he ded were2 ,and after this with sykinge he abreyde1 ,and to ,pandarus voys he lente his ere1 #gbe ,and up his eyen caste he1 that in fere ,was ,pandarus1 lest that in frenesye ,he sholde falle1 or elles sone dye3 #aje4 ,and cryde 'a-wake' ful wonderly and sharpe2 ',what8 slombrestow as in a lytargye8 #gcj ,or artow lyk an asse to the harpe1 ,that hereth soun1 whan men the strenges plye1 ,but in his minde of that no melodye ,may sinken1 him to glade1 for that he ,so dul is of his bestialitee8' #gce #ajf4 ,and with that ,pandare of his wordes stente2 ,but ,troilus yet him no word answerde1 ,for-why to telle nas not his entente ,to never no man1 for whom that he so ferde4 ,for it is seyd1 'man maketh ofte a yerde #gdj ,with which the maker is him-self y-beten ,in sondry maner1' as thise wyse treten1 #ajg4 ,and namely1 in his counseyl tellinge ,that toucheth love that oughte be secree2 ,for of him-self it wolde y-nough out-springe1 #gde ,but-if that it the bet governed be4 ,eek som-tyme it is craft to seme flee ,fro thing which in effect men hunte faste2 ,al this gan ,troilus in his herte caste4 #ajh4 ,but nathelees1 whan he had herd him crye #gej ',awake6' he gan to syke wonder sore1 ,and seyde1 'freend1 though that ,i stille lye1 ,i am not deef2 now pees1 and cry no more2 ,for ,i have herd thy wordes and thy lore2 ,but suffre me my mischef to biwayle1 #gee ,for thy proverbes may me nought avayle4 #aji4 ,nor other cure canstow noon for me4 ,eek ,i nil not be cured1 ,i wol deye2 ,what knowe ,i of the quene ,niobe8 ,lat be thyne olde ensaumples1 ,i thee preye4' #gfj ',no1' quod tho ,pandarus1 'therfore ,i seye1 ,swich is delyt of foles to biwepe ,hir wo1 but seken bote they ne kepe4 #aaj4 ,now knowe ,i that ther reson in thee fayleth4 ,but tel me1 if ,i wiste what she were #gfe ,for whom that thee al this misaunter ayleth8 ,dorstestow that ,i tolde hir in hir ere ,thy wo1 sith thou darst not thy-self for fere1 ,and hir bisoughte on thee to han som routhe8' ',why1 nay1' quod he1 'by god and by my trouthe6' #ggj #aaa4 ',what8 not as bisily1' quod ,pandarus1 ',as though myn owene lyf lay on this nede8' ',no1 certes1 brother1' quod this ,troilus4 ',and why8'--',for that thou sholdest never spede4' ',wostow that wel8'--',ye1 that is out of drede1' #gge ,quod ,troilus1 'for al that ever ye conne1 ,she nil to noon swich wrecche as ,i be wonne4' #aab4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'allas6 what may this be1 ,that thou despeyred art thus causelees8 ,what8 liveth not thy lady8 benedicite6 #ghj ,how wostow so that thou art gracelees8 ,swich yvel is not alwey botelees4 ,why1 put not impossible thus thy cure1 ,sin thing to come is ofte in aventure4 #aac4 ,i graunte wel that thou endurest wo #ghe ,as sharp as doth he1 ,ticius1 in helle1 ,whos stomak foules tyren ever-mo ,that highte volturis1 as bokes telle4 ,but ,i may not endure that thou dwelle ,in so unskilful an opinioun #gij ,that of thy wo is no curacioun4 #aad4 ,but ones niltow1 for thy coward herte1 ,and for thyn ire and folish wilfulnesse1 ,for wantrust1 tellen of thy sorwes smerte1 ,ne to thyn owene help do bisinesse #gie ,as muche as speke a resoun more or lesse1 ,but lyest as he that list of no-thing recche4 ,what womman coude love swich a wrecche8 #aae4 ,what may she demen other of thy deeth1 ,if thou thus deye1 and she not why it is1 #hjj ,but that for fere is yolden up thy breeth1 ,for ,grekes han biseged us1 y-wis8 ,lord1 which a thank than shaltow han of this6 ,thus wol she seyn1 and al the toun at ones1 ,the wrecche is deed1 the devel have his bones6 #hje #aaf4 ,thou mayst allone here wepe and crye and knele2 ,but1 love a woman that she woot it nought1 ,and she wol quyte that thou shalt not fele2 ,unknowe1 unkist1 and lost that is un-sought4 ,what6 many a man hath love ful dere y-bought #haj ,twenty winter that his lady wiste1 ,that never yet his lady mouth he kiste4 #aag4 ,what8 shulde he therfor fallen in despeyr1 ,or be recreaunt for his owene tene1 ,or sleen him-self1 al be his lady fayr8 #hae ,nay1 nay1 but ever in oon be fresh and grene ,to serve and love his dere hertes quene1 ,and thenke it is a guerdoun hir to serve ,a thousand-fold more than he can deserve4' #aah4 ,and of that word took hede ,troilus1 #hbj ,and thoughte anoon what folye he was inne1 ,and how that sooth him seyde ,pandarus1 ,that for to sleen him-self mighte he not winne1 ,but bothe doon unmanhod and a sinne1 ,and of his deeth his lady nought to wyte2 #hbe ,for of his wo1 god woot1 she knew ful lyte4 #aai4 ,and with that thought he gan ful sore syke1 ,and seyde1 'allas6 what is me best to do8' ,to whom ,pandare answerde1 'if thee lyke1 ,the best is that thou telle me thy wo2 #hcj ,and have my trouthe1 but thou it finde so1 ,i be thy bote1 or that it be ful longe1 ,to peces do me drawe1 and sithen honge6' #abj4 ',ye1 so thou seyst1' quod ,troilus tho1 'allas6 ,but1 god wot1 it is not the rather so2 #hce ,ful hard were it to helpen in this cas1 ,for wel finde ,i that ,fortune is my fo1 ,ne alle the men that ryden conne or go ,may of hir cruel wheel the harm withstonde2 ,for1 as hir list1 she pleyeth with free and bonde4' #hdj #aba4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'than blamestow ,fortune ,for thou art wrooth1 ye1 now at erst ,i see2 ,wostow nat wel that ,fortune is commune ,to every maner wight in som degree8 ,and yet thou hast this comfort1 lo1 pardee6 #hde ,that1 as hir ,ioyes moten over-goon1 ,so mote hir sorwes passen everichoon4 #abb4 ,for if hir wheel stinte any-thing to torne1 ,than cessed she ,fortune anoon to be3 ,now1 sith hir wheel by no wey may soiorne1 #hej ,what wostow if hir mutabilitee ,right as thy-selven list1 wol doon by thee1 ,or that she be not fer fro thyn helpinge8 ,paraunter1 thou hast cause for to singe6 #abc4 ,and therfor wostow what ,i thee beseche8 #hee ,lat be thy wo and turning to the grounde2 ,for who-so list have helping of his leche1 ,to him bihoveth first unwrye his wounde4 ,to ,cerberus in helle ay be ,i bounde1 ,were it for my suster1 al thy sorwe1 #hfj ,by my wil1 she sholde al be thyn to-morwe4 #abd4 ,loke up1 ,i seye1 and tel me what she is ,anoon1 that ,i may goon aboute thy nede2 ,knowe ich hir ought8 for my love1 tel me this2 ,than wolde ,i hopen rather for to spede4' #hfe ,tho gan the veyne of ,troilus to blede1 ,for he was hit1 and wex al reed for shame2 ',a ha6' quod ,pandare1 'here biginneth game6' #abe4 ,and with that word he gan him for to shake1 ,and seyde1 'theef1 thou shalt hir name telle4' #hgj ,but tho gan sely ,troilus for to quake ,as though men sholde han lad him in-to helle1 ,and seyde1 'allas6 of al my wo the welle1 ,than is my swete fo called ,criseyde6' ,and wel nigh with the word for fere he deyde4 #hge #abf4 ,and whan that ,pandare herde hir name nevene1 ,lord1 he was glad1 and seyde1 'freend so dere1 ,now fare a-right1 for ,ioves name in hevene1 ,love hath biset the wel1 be of good chere2 ,for of good name and wysdom and manere #hhj ,she hath y-nough1 and eek of gentilesse2 ,if she be fayr1 thow wost thy-self1 ,i gesse4 #abg4 ,ne ,i never saw a more bountevous ,of hir estat1 ne a gladder1 ne of speche ,a freendlier1 ne a more gracious #hhe ,for to do wel1 ne lasse hadde nede to seche ,what for to doon2 and al this bet to eche1 ,in honour1 to as fer as she may strecche1 ,a kinges herte semeth by hires a wrecche4 #abh4 ,and for-thy loke of good comfort thou be2 #hij ,for certeinly1 the firste poynt is this ,of noble corage and wel ordeyn1 ,a man to have pees with him-self1 y-wis2 ,so oughtest thou1 for nought but good it is ,to loven wel1 and in a worthy place2 #hie ,thee oughte not to clepe it hap1 but grace4 #abi4 ,and also thenk1 and ther-with glade thee1 ,that sith thy lady vertuous is al1 ,so folweth it that ther is som pitee ,amonges alle thise othere in general2 #ijj ,and for-thy see that thou1 in special1 ,requere nought that is ayein hir name2 ,for vertue streccheth not him-self to shame4 #acj4 ,but wel is me that ever ,i was born1 ,that thou biset art in so good a place2 #ije ,for by my trouthe1 in love ,i dorste have sworn1 ,thee sholde never han tid thus fayr a grace2 ,and wostow why8 for thou were wont to chace ,at love in scorn1 and for despyt him calle ,seynt ,idiot1 lord of thise foles alle4 #iaj #aca4 ,how often hastow maad thy nyce ,iapes1 ,and seyd1 that loves servants everichone ,of nycetee ben verray goddes apes2 ,and some wolde monche hir mete alone1 ,ligging a-bedde1 and make hem for to grone2 #iae ,and som1 thou seydest1 hadde a blaunche fevere1 ,and preydest god he sholde never kevere6 #acb4 ,and some of hem toke on hem1 for the colde1 ,more than y-nough1 so seydestow ful ofte2 ,and some han feyned ofte tyme1 and tolde #ibj ,how that they wake1 whan they slepen softe2 ,and thus they wolde han brought hem-self a-lofte1 ,and nathelees were under at the laste2 ,thus seydestow1 and ,iapedest ful faste4 #acc4 ,yet seydestow1 that1 for the more part1 #ibe ,these loveres wolden speke in general1 ,and thoughten that it was a siker art1 ,for fayling1 for to assayen over-al4 ,now may ,i iape of thee1 if that ,i shal6 ,but nathelees1 though that ,i sholde deye1 #icj ,that thou art noon of tho1 that dorste ,i seye4 #acd4 ,now beet thy brest1 and sey to god of love1 ,thy grace1 lord6 for now ,i me repente ,if ,i mis spak1 for now my-self ,i love3 ,thus sey with al thyn herte in good entente4' #ice ,quod ,troilus1 'a6 lord6 ,i me consente1 ,and pray to thee my ,iapes thou foryive1 ,and ,i shal never-more whyl ,i live4' #ace4 ',thow seyst wel1' quod ,pandare1 'and now ,i hope ,that thou the goddes wraththe hast al apesed2 #idj ,and sithen thou hast wepen many a drope1 ,and seyd swich thing wher-with thy god is plesed1 ,now wolde never god but thou were esed2 ,and think wel1 she of whom rist al thy wo ,here-after may thy comfort been al-so4 #ide #acf4 ,for thilke ground1 that bereth the wedes wikke1 ,bereth eek thise holsom herbes1 as ful ofte ,next the foule netle1 rough and thikke1 ,the rose waxeth swote and smothe and softe2 ,and next the valey is the hil a-lofte2 #iej ,and next the derke night the glade morwe2 ,and also ,ioye is next the fyn of sorwe4 #acg4 ,now loke that atempre be thy brydel1 ,and1 for the beste1 ay suffre to the tyde1 ,or elles al our labour is on ydel2 #iee ,he hasteth wel that wysly can abyde2 ,be diligent1 and trewe1 and ay wel hyde4 ,be lusty1 free1 persevere in thy servyse1 ,and al is wel1 if thou werke in this wyse4 #ach4 ,but he that parted is in every place #ifj ,is no-wher hool1 as writen clerkes wyse2 ,what wonder is1 though swich oon have no grace8 ,eek wostow how it fareth of som servyse8 ,as plaunte a tre or herbe1 in sondry wyse1 ,and on the morwe pulle it up as blyve1 #ife ,no wonder is1 though it may never thryve4 #aci4 ,and sith that god of love hath thee bistowed ,in place digne un-to thy worthinesse1 ,stond faste1 for to good port hastow rowed2 ,and of thy-self1 for any hevinesse1 #igj ,hope alwey wel2 for1 but-if drerinesse ,or over-haste our bothe labour shende1 ,i hope of this to maken a good ende4 #adj4 ,and wostow why ,i am the lasse a-fered ,of this matere with my nece trete8 #ige ,for this have ,i herd seyd of wyse y-lered1 ,was never man ne woman yet bigete ,that was unapt to suffren loves hete ,celestial1 or elles love of kinde2 ,for-thy som grace ,i hope in hir to finde4 #ihj #ada4 ,and for to speke of hir in special1 ,hir beautee to bithinken and hir youthe1 ,it sit hir nought to be celestial ,as yet1 though that hir liste bothe and couthe2 ,but trewely1 it sete hir wel right nouthe #ihe ,a worthy knight to loven and cheryce1 ,and but she do1 ,i holde it for a vyce4 #adb4 ,wherfore ,i am1 and wol be1 ay redy ,to peyne me to do yow this servyse2 ,for bothe yow to plese thus hope ,i #iij ,her-afterward2 for ye beth bothe wyse1 ,and conne it counseyl kepe in swich a wyse1 ,that no man shal the wyser of it be2 ,and so we may be gladed alle three4 #adc4 ,and1 by my trouthe1 ,i have right now of thee #iie ,a good conceyt in my wit1 as ,i gesse1 ,and what it is1 ,i wol now that thou see4 ,i thenke1 sith that love1 of his goodnesse1 ,hath thee converted out of wikkednesse1 ,that thou shalt be the beste post1 ,i leve1 #ajjj ,of al his lay1 and most his foos to-greve4 #add4 ,ensample why1 see now these wyse clerkes1 ,that erren aldermost a-yein a lawe1 ,and ben converted from hir wikked werkes ,thorugh grace of god1 that list hem to him drawe1 #ajje ,than arn they folk that han most god in awe1 ,and strengest-feythed been1 ,i understonde1 ,and conne an errour alder-best withstonde4' #ade4 ,whan ,troilus had herd ,pandare assented ,to been his help in loving of ,criseyde1 #ajaj ,wex of his wo1 as who seyth1 untormented1 ,but hotter wex his love1 and thus he seyde1 ,with sobre chere1 al-though his herte pleyde1 ',now blisful ,venus helpe1 er that ,i sterve1 ,of thee1 ,pandare1 ,i may som thank deserve4 #ajae #adf4 ,but1 dere frend1 how shal myn wo ben lesse ,til this be doon8 and goode1 eek tel me this1 ,how wiltow seyn of me and my destresse8 ,lest she be wrooth1 this drede ,i most1 y-wis1 ,or nil not here or trowen how it is4 #ajbj ,al this drede ,i1 and eek for the manere ,of thee1 hir eem1 she nil no swich thing here4' #adg4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'thou hast a ful gret care ,lest that the cherl may falle out of the mone6 ,why1 lord6 ,i hate of thee thy nyce fare6 #ajbe ,why1 entremete of that thou hast to done6 ,for goddes love1 ,i bidde thee a bone1 ,so lat me alone1 and it shal be thy beste4'-- ',why1 freend1' quod he1 'now do right as thee leste4 #adh4 ,but herke1 ,pandare1 o word1 for ,i nolde #ajcj ,that thou in me wendest so greet folye1 ,that to my lady ,i desiren sholde ,that toucheth harm or any vilenye2 ,for dredelees1 me were lever dye ,than she of me ought elles understode #ajce ,but that1 that mighte sounen in-to gode4' #adi4 ,tho lough this ,pandare1 and anoon answerde1 ',and ,i thy borw8 fy6 no wight dooth but so2 ,i roughte nought though that she stode and herde ,how that thou seyst2 but fare-wel1 ,i wol go4 #ajdj ,a-dieu6 be glad6 god spede us bothe two6 ,yif me this labour and this besinesse1 ,and of my speed be thyn al that swetnesse4' #aej4 ,tho ,troilus gan doun on knees to falle1 ,and ,pandare in his armes hente faste1 #ajde ,and seyde1 'now1 fy on the ,grekes alle6 ,yet1 pardee1 god shal helpe us at the laste2 ,and dredelees1 if that my lyf may laste1 ,and god to-forn1 lo1 som of hem shal smerte2 ,and yet me athinketh that this avaunt me asterte6 #ajej #aea4 ,now1 ,pandare1 ,i can no more seye1 ,but thou wys1 thou wost1 thou mayst1 thou art al6 ,my lyf1 my deeth1 hool in thyn honde ,i leye2 ,help now1' quod he4 ',yis1 by my trouthe1 ,i shal4' ',god yelde thee1 freend1 and this in special1' #ajee ,quod ,troilus1 'that thou me recomaunde ,to hir that to the deeth me may comaunde4' #aeb4 ,this ,pandarus tho1 desirous to serve ,his fulle freend1 than seyde in this manere1 ',far-wel1 and thenk ,i wol thy thank deserve2 #ajfj ,have here my trouthe1 and that thou shalt wel here4'-- ,and wente his wey1 thenking on this matere1 ,and how he best mighte hir beseche of grace1 ,and finde a tyme ther-to1 and a place4 #aec4 ,for every wight that hath an hous to founde #ajfe ,ne renneth nought the werk for to biginne ,with rakel hond1 but he wol byde a stounde1 ,and sende his hertes lyne out fro with-inne ,alderfirst his purpos for to winne4 ,al this ,pandare in his herte thoughte1 #ajgj ,and caste his werk ful wysly1 or he wroughte4 #aed4 ,but ,troilus lay tho no lenger doun1 ,but up anoon up-on his stede bay1 ,and in the feld he pleyde tho leoun2 ,wo was that ,greek that with him mette that day4 #ajge ,and in the toun his maner tho forth ay ,so goodly was1 and gat him so in grace1 ,that ech him lovede that loked on his face4 #aee4 ,for he bicom the frendlyeste wight1 ,the gentileste1 and eek the moste free1 #ajhj ,the thriftieste and oon the beste knight1 ,that in his tyme was1 or mighte be4 ,dede were his ,iapes and his crueltee1 ,his heighe port and his manere estraunge1 ,and ech of tho gan for a vertu chaunge4 #ajhe #aef4 ,now lat us stinte of ,troilus a stounde1 ,that fareth lyk a man that hurt is sore1 ,and is somdel of akinge of his wounde ,y-lissed wel1 but heled no del more3 ,and1 as an esy pacient1 the lore #ajij ,abit of him that gooth aboute his cure2 ,and thus he dryveth forth his aventure4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,primus4 ,the ,,mss4 are3--,cl4 7 ,campsall ,,ms471 and ,cp4 7 ,corp4 ,chr4 ,camb4 #fa71 taken as the basis of the text2 ,h4 7 ,harl4 #bbhj72 ,h#b4 7 ,harl4 #cidc72 ,cm4 7 ,cambridge ,,ms4 ,gg4 #d4 #bg72 ,ed4 7 printed edition1 #aecb74 #a-gj4 ,lost in ,cm4 and ,h#b4 7where it is supplied in late hand74 #e4 ,cl4 ,cp4 froye2 ,h4 fro ye4 #f4 ,cl4 helpe2 ,cp4 ,h4 help4 #g4 ,cp4 thise2 ,cl4 ,h4 this4 #ae4 ,cl4 seruauntz4 #ah4 ,cl4 om4 ,i2 ,h4 ,i am2 ,cp4 ,ed4 am ,i4 #bj4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,vn-to2 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,to4 #ba4 ,cl4 be his2 ,cp4 be this2 ,h4 by this4 #bc4 ,cl4 ony2 ,cp4 ,hl4 any 7often74 #bd4 ,cp4 ,hl4 ,remembreth2 ,cl4 ,remembre4 #bf4 ,cl4 other fok2 ,cp4 othere folk4 #bg4 ,cl4 dorst2 ,cp4 ,h4 dorste4 #ca4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 hem2 ,cl4 him4 #cf1 #db4 ,cl4 ,cp4 desespeyred2 ,h4 despeyred2 ,ed4 dispeyred4 #da4 ,cp4 ,to2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,so4 #dd4 ,cl4 ,h4 goode2 ,cp4 ,ed4 good4 #de4 ,cp4 ladies so2 ,cl4 loues for2 ,h4 loueres for4 #dh4 ,cl4 seruauntz4 #eh4 ,cl4 went2 ,cp4 ,h4 wente4 #fb4 ,cl4 raueshyng2 ,cp4 rauysshynge4 #fi4 ,cl4 high 7672 ,cp4 highte2 ,h4 hyghte4 #gj4 ,cl4 ,delphebus2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,delphicus4 #ga4 ,cl4 whanne2 ,cp4 whan4 #gf4 ,cl4 wyst2 ,h4 west2 ,cm4 woste2 ,cp4 wiste4 #gi4 ,cl4 forknowyng2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 for-knowynge4 #hj4 ,cl4 pryely 7672 ,cp4 ,h4 pryuely2 ,cm4 preuili4 #hb4 ,cl4 ,h4 bothen2 ,cp4 ,cm4 bothe4 #hg4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ins4 fals bef4 fled2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 om4 #ij4 ,cl4 onys4 #if4 ,cl4 ,h4 nyst2 ,cm4 nyste4 #ih4 ,cl4 dorst make2 ,cp4 dorste2 ,h4 dorst2 ,cm4 durste4 #ii4 ,cp4 a-2 rest al4 #aja4 ,cl4 ,h4 faire2 ,cp4 ,cm4 fair4 #ajb4 ,cl4 angelyk2 ,cp4 aungelik4 #aab4 ,cl4 ,cm4 selue2 ,cp4 ,h4 seluen4 #abf4 ,cl4 om4 #bnd and4 _/_/ ,h4 hoom2 ,cm4 hom2 ,cl4 home4 #abh4 to ,cp4 ,h4 til4 #abi4 ,cl4 dwelled2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 was dwellynge4 #acj4 ,cl4 ,kept2 ,cp4 ,kepte4 _/_/ ,cl4 yong2 ,h4 ,cp4 yonge4 #acb4 ,cl4 hadde children2 rest children hadde4 #acc4 ,cm4 lete2 ,cl4 late2 ,h4 latt4 #acg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 eft2 ,ed4 efte2 ,cl4 ofte4 #aci4 ,h4 ,ed4 vnder2 ,h#b4 vndur2 ,cl4 wonder 7wrongly74 _/_/ ,h4 ,h#b4 eft2 ,ed4 efte2 ,cl4 ofte4 _/_/ ,h4 whielen 7better wheelen72 ,cp4 whilen2 ,h#b4 whilyn2 ,ed4 whelmen2 ,cl4 weylen2 ,cm4 weyle4 #adc4 ,cm4 here2 rest om4 #add4 ,cm4 dwelle2 rest to dwelle 7badly74 _/_/ ,cl4 ,troiane2 ,h#b4 troianys2 rest troyan4 #adf4 ,h#b4 homere2 rest ,omer4 _/_/ ,cl4 of 7for #ast or74 #aee4 ,cl4 come2 rest comen 7comyn74 #aeh4 ,cl4 swoot2 ,cp4 ,h4 swote2 ,cm4 swete4 #afa4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,h#b4 ,palladions2 ,cm4 ,palasdionis 7for ,palladionis74 #afb4 ,cl4 ,h4 wrongly ins4 goodly before beste4 ,cp4 ,cm4 beste2 rest best4 #afc4 ,h4 ,cm4 wente2 rest went4 #afd4 ,cl4 ,cm4 herkenen2 ,cp4 herknen4 #afg4 ,cl4 bothe meene meste2 ,h4 ,cp4 bothe most meyne2 ,cm4 bothe meste2 ,ed4 bothe most4 #afh4 ,cl4 and for the2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 om4 for4 #aga4 ,h4 furste2 ,cl4 ,cm4 first4 #agb4 ,cl4 stode2 ,cp4 stood4 #agd4 ,cl4 yet thing seyn2 ,h4 at seyn thing2 ,cm4 yit seyen yng2 ,h#b4 seyn thing 7best74 _/_/ ,cl4 presed2 ,h4 ,cp4 preysed4 #age4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,cp4 cloude2 ,cl4 cloud4 #agf1 #agh4 ,cl4 euerichone1 allone4 #aib4 ,cp4 baiten2 ,cl4 beyten4 #aif4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ful2 ,cl4 om4 #aih4 ,cm4 lewede2 ,h#b4 lewde2 ,ed4 leude2 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 #aii4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 which a labour2 ,cl4 swych labour as4 #bjb4 ,cl4 loues2 rest fooles 7folis74 #bjf4 ,cl4 to loken2 rest om4 to4 #bjh4 ,cp4 ,he kidde2 ,cl4 ,and kyd4 #bji4 ,cp4 ,ful2 rest ,for4 #baa4 ,cl4 blynd2 ,cp4 blynde 7twice74 #bac4 ,cl4 ,suriquidrie4 #baf4 ,cm4 mot2 ,ed4 mote2 ,cp4 moot2 ,cl4 moste2 ,h4 schall4 #bag4 ,so ,cl42 rest ,but alday fayleth thing that fooles wenden4 #bbj4 ,cl4 long2 ,h4 ,cp4 longe4 #bbd4 ,cl4 felawes2 rest feres4 #bbe4 ,cl4 proud2 ,h4 ,cm4 ,cp4 proude4 #bbg4 ,cp4 swiche2 ,cl4 swich4 #bbh4 ,cl4 dere2 rest stere4 #bbi4 ,cl4 hert 7see l4 #bbh74 ,cl4 ,h4 wax2 ,cp4 ,cm4 wex4 #bca4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,wax2 ,cm4 ,wex4 #bcd4 scornen ,cp4 seruen4 #bdj4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,cm4 or2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 and4 #bdd4 ,cl4 of2 rest in4 #bdf4 ,cp4 ,cm4 wel2 ,cl4 ,h4 wele4 #bdh4 ,cl4 addermost 7674 #beb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 causeth2 ,cl4 causen4 #bfa4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cm4 om4 ,as 7,h#b4 ,ed4 have it74 #bfb4 ,cl4 letten2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 leten2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 leuen4 #bfd4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,ioyes2 rest ,ioye4 #bff4 ,h4 refeere4 #bfg4 ,cl4 went2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 wente4 _/_/ ,cl4 pleynge4 #bfh4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 of2 ,cl4 and4 #bgb4 ,h4 percede2 ,ed4 perced2 ,cl4 ,cp4 procede 7674 #bgd4 ,cl4 wax2 ,h4 ,cm4 wex4 #bge4 ,cl4 om4 gan4 #bgh4 ,cp4 herte2 ,cl4 hert4 #bhj4 ,cl4 pleynge4 #bhf4 ,cm4 ,schewede2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,shewed4 #bid4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,cm4 thoughte2 ,cl4 thought4 #bid4 ,cl4 fair2 rest good4 #cja4 ,cp4 ,h4 wiste2 ,cl4 wyst4 #cje4 ,all eyen 7eyghen74 #cjf4 ,cp4 ,ed4 he felte2 ,h4 he felt2 ,cl4 that he sholde2 ,cm4 for to4 #cjg4 ,cl4 om4 his4 #cjh4 ,cl4 ,blyssyd2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,blissed2 ,cm4 ,ed4 ,blessed2 see #dcf4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 kan thus2 ,h4 ,ed4 thus kan4 #caj4 ,cl4 al2 ,h4 ,cm4 alle4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 for4 #cab4 ,cl4 ne made4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 worde2 ,cl4 word4 #cae4 ,cl4 ,ed4 the seruise2 rest om4 the4 #cba4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,lest2 ,cl4 ,lyst4 #cbd4 ,cp4 ,h4 torneth2 ,cl4 ,cm4 turneth4 #cbg4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 speche and cher2 rest chere and speche4 #cbi4 ,h4 ,ed4 wrie2 ,cl4 wre2 ,cp4 wrey4 #ccj4 ,cl4 lyst2 ,cp4 lest2 ,h4 leste4 #ccg4 ,cl4 ,i2 rest ,in4 _/_/ ,cl4 noun-2 ,h4 non-2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 no2 ,cp4 ,cm4 veyn 7for noun74 #cda4 ,cp4 ,h4 mote2 ,cl4 ,cm4 mot4 #cea4 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 that4 #ced4 ,cp4 vn-til4 #cef4 ,cp4 doon2 ,h4 don2 ,cl4 ,cm4 done4 #ceg4 ,cl4 hym2 rest hem4 #cfj4 ,cl4 om4 eft4 #cfa4 ,cl4 ony lette2 rest om4 ony4 #cfc4 ,cl4 a2 ,h#b4 in the2 rest and4 #cfi4 ,h4 dydde2 ,ed4 dyd2 rest dede4 #cga4 ,cl4 seruauntz4 #cgd4 ,cp4 ,cm4 ne 7#bnd72 ,cl4 ,h4 no4 #cgi4 ,cl4 ,h4 toke2 ,cp4 took4 #cha4 ,h4 ,cp4 hiden2 ,cl4 hide4 #che4 ,cp4 gheldeth4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 seed4 #chf4 ,cp4 ,h4 muchel2 ,cl4 muche4 #chg4 ,cl4 ,for what 7for ,what for74 _/_/ ,cl4 speken2 rest speke 7spek74 #cid4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 myn2 ,cl4 my4 #cie4 ,cp4 ,h4 tonges2 ,cm4 tungis2 ,cl4 tonge4 _/_/ ,cl4 deference 7674 #cih4 ,cl4 om4 so4 _/_/ ,cl4 it to2 rest om4 to4 _/_/ ,cl4 hire2 rest here4 #cii4 ,,heading2 so ,cp4 ,h42 ,cm4 ,cantus2 ,ed4 ,the song of ,troylus4 #djj4 ,cl4 om4 no4 #dja4 whiche ,cl4 what4 #djb4 ,h4 ,cp4 whennes comth2 ,cm4 whennys comyt2 ,cl4 whens cometh4 #djc4 ,cl4 thenketh4 #dje4 ,cl4 me so goodly2 rest to me sauory4 #djf4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 om4 it4 #djh4 ,cl4 walyng4 #dji4 ,cl4 thanne4 #daa4 ,cp4 ,cm4 harm2 ,cl4 ,h4 harme4 #dab4 ,cl4 om4 thee4 _/_/ ,cp4 swich2 ,cl4 ,h4 swiche4 #dac4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 be2 rest so be4 #daf4 ,cm4 stereles2 ,h4 stierlees2 ,cl4 sterles2 ,cp4 sterlees4 #dag4 ,cp4 bitwixen2 ,h4 betwexen2 ,cm4 be-twexe2 ,cl4 by-twen4 #dbc4 ,cp4 oughte2 ,cm4 aughte2 ,cl4 aught4 _/_/ ,h4 yours2 ,cp4 youres2 ,cl4 youre2 see l4 #dbb4 #dbg4 ,cl4 leue2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 lyue4 #dcj4 ,cl4 my lord2 rest om4 my4 #dcb4 estat ,cl4 estal4 #dce4 ,cl4 deynede2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 deyned4 #dcf4 ,after love1 ,cl4 ins4 e1 and ,h4 ins4 ye4 _/_/ ,h#b4 blesse2 ,cl4 blysse2 ,cp4 ,h4 blisse2 ,cm4 blys4 #dci4 held ,cl4 hold4 #ddj4 ,cm4 brende2 ,cl4 brend4 #ddd4 ,cp4 ,cm4 sette2 ,cl4 ,h4 sett4 #ddf4 ,h4 preesse4 #dec4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 herte2 ,cl4 hert4 _/_/ ,all eye 7eyghe74 #ded4 ,cl4 fairest2 rest fairer4 #deg4 ,cl4 tymes2 see #eca4 #dfj4 ,h#b4 deyd2 ,cp4 ,ed4 deyde2 ,cl4 ,cm4 deyede2 ,h4 dyede4 #dfb4 rewe ,cl4 rew4 #dfc4 dredes ,cl4 dredres4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 fledde2 rest fled4 #dfd4 ,cp4 thassege4 _/_/ savacioun ,cl4 saluacioun4 #dfe4 ,ne in ,cm4 ,cp4 ,nyn4 _/_/ ,cl4 doon2 rest non 7none74 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 ,ed4 fownes2 ,cm4 founys4 #dgj4 ,cl4 shoures sharpe4 _/_/ ,cm4 felle2 ,ed4 fel2 ,cl4 ,h4 fille4 #dga4 ,cl4 and2 rest or4 #dge4 ,cl4 trauayl4 #dhc4 ,h#b4 al2 rest om42 read alle4 #dhf4 ,h4 toke2 ,cl4 took4 #dhg4 ,cp4 ,h4 eue2 ,cl4 euen4 #dij4 ,so all4 #dia4 ,h4 ,cm4 ferde2 ,cl4 ferd4 #dif4 ,h#b4 as2 rest that2 read as that4 #dih4 ,h4 than2 ,cl4 ,cm4 thanne4 _/_/ ,cm4 fel to2 ,cl4 ,cp4 felt4 #ejj4 ,cl4 ,h4 hadde2 ,cm4 hade2 ,ed4 om4 #ejb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 whiche2 ,cl4 such4 _/_/ ,cl4 thought2 felt4 #ejc4 ,cl4 dorst2 ,cp4 dorste4 #eaa4 ,cp4 ,h4 nat2 ,cm4 not2 ,cl4 nought4 #eaf4 ,h4 leest2 ,cl4 lest4 #eag4 ,cp4 ,h4 om4 be4 #eah4 ,cm4 febly2 ,cl4 febely2 ,h4 fiebly4 #ebj4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 louen2 ,cm4 loue2 ,cl4 leue4 #ebh4 ,cl4 om4 a4 #ecj4 ,cp4 ,h4 hidde2 ,ed4 hyd2 ,cl4 ,cm4 hed4 #ecd4 ,cl4 yet2 rest ye4 #ecf4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 may2 ,cl4 wole4 #edd4 ,cl4 ,h4 herd2 ,cm4 ,cp4 herde4 #ede4 ,cm4 thoughte2 ,cl4 ,h4 bithought4 #edf4 ,cl4 multeplie4 #edi4 ,cl4 onys4 _/_/ ,h4 herde2 ,cl4 herd4 #eed4 ,cl4 om4 som4 #eee4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,cp4 falle2 ,cl4 fallen4 #eeg4 ,h4 ferde2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ferd4 #efc4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 sorwe2 ,ed4 sorowe2 ,cp4 ,h4 wo to2 ,cl4 wo4 #efg4 ,cl4 ,cm4 desirede4 #efi4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 sen me4 #egb4 ,h4 henne2 ,cm4 hene2 ,cl4 hens2 ,cp4 hennes4 #egc4 ,cl4 dishese4 #egh4 ,cl4 ,cm4 wrought2 ,h4 y-wrogth2 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 yet wrought4 #ehj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 leste2 ,cl4 ,cm4 lest4 #eha4 ,cl4 ,ne be2 rest om4 ,ne4 #ehb4 ,cl4 sorwe2 rest wo4 #ehf4 ,h4 swiche2 ,cp4 ,cm4 swich2 ,cl4 such4 #ehi4 ,cl4 ,cm4 yn2 ,h4 ,cp4 i4 #eif4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 sorwful ,troilus2 ,cl4 ,troilus sorwfully4 #fjj4 ,cl4 don4 #fja4 ,cp4 ,cm4 truste2 ,h4 tryste2 ,cl4 trust4 #fjb4 ,cm4 herkene2 ,cl4 ,h4 herke4 _/_/ ,cm4 frend2 ,cl4 ,h4 frende4 #fjf4 ,cp4 ,h4 sailleth2 ,cm4 saylyth2 ,ed4 sayleth2 ,cl4 ffayleth4 #fjg4 ,cl4 brennynly4 #fab4 ,cm4 colde2 ,cl4 ,h4 cold4 #fac4 ,cl4 telle2 rest tolde4 #fbb4 ,cl4 ,cm4 thyn2 ,cp4 ,h4 thi4 #fbf4 ,cm4 exces2 ,cl4 ,cm4 excesse2 ,ed4 axes4 #fcj4 ,cl4 ofte a wys man2 ,ed4 ,h4 ,cp4 a wys man ofte4 #fca4 ,ed4 whetston2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 wheston2 ,cm4 weston4 #fcc4 ,cl4 out2 ,cm4 ought2 ,h4 ,cp4 aught4 #fcg4 ,cl4 eche2 rest his4 #fdc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ech2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,eche4 #fdg4 ,cl4 ought2 but see l4 #fdi4 #fej4 ,cp4 ,though2 ,h4 ,thoughe2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,thow4 _/_/ ,cl4 desir2 ,h4 ,ed4 desire2 ,cp4 desyre4 #fec4 ,cp4 herdesse2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cm4 hierdesse4 #fed4 ,h4 ,oonone4 #feh4 ,cl4 ,no 7for ,now74 _/_/ ,cl4 herkene2 ,cp4 herkne2 ,h4 herken2 ,cm4 herkenyt2 ,ed4 herkeneth4 #fei4 ,cl4 medecyne4 #ffa4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 herbes2 ,cl4 erbess4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 she2 rest he4 #ffc4 ,cp4 ,h4 bounden2 ,cm4 boundyn2 ,cl4 bounde4 #ffd4 ,ed4 ,admete2 rest ,amete4 #ffe4 ,cl4 koude al2 rest om4 al4 #ffg4 ,cl4 ,h4 oone2 ,cm4 on4 #fgd4 ,cm4 deyen2 ,cl4 deye2 ,cp4 ,h4 dyen4 #fge4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 mo2 ,cl4 ,cm4 more4 #fgg4 ,h#b4 thogh2 ,cm4 ow2 ,cl4 they2 ,cp4 ,h4 theigh4 _/_/ thogh that ,ed4 although4 #fhj4 ,cl4 as a2 rest om4 a4 #fha4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 telle2 rest tel4 #fhb4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 final2 ,cl4 finally2 ,cp4 finaly2 ,h4 fynali2 ,cm4 finially 7674 #fhc4 ,cl4 yn 7for yng74 #fhe4 ,cl4 wygh 7674 #fhg4 ,h4 witeth2 ,cl4 ,cm4 weteth4 #fhi4 ,cl4 wot ,i4 #fij4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,for for2 ,ed4 ,as for2 ,cl4 ,for4 #fic4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 tel me2 ,cl4 telle me4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 thou2 ,cp4 ,h4 the4 #fid4 ,cl4 ,thise2 rest ,the4 #fig4 ,cl4 yn certeyn2 rest om4 yn4 _/_/ ,cl4 next4 #gjj4 ,cl4 terys4 #gjc4 ,cl4 this2 ,cp4 ,h4 thy4 #gjd4 ,cl4 forto2 rest to4 #gjg4 ,cl4 sechen2 rest seche hem4 #gaj4 ,cp4 owghte2 ,cm4 aughte2 ,cl4 ,h4 ought4 #gaf4 ,cp4 ,cm4 wolde2 ,cl4 wold2 ,h4 wol4 #gbj4 ,cl4 sithen2 ,cp4 ,h4 sith2 ,ed4 sythe2 ,h#b4 seyst4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 that2 ,cl4 yn whom4 #gbc4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,cm4 lay as2 ,cl4 om4 as4 #gcj4 ,all lytargye 7litargye74 #gcd4 ,h4 ,cp4 synken2 ,cm4 synkyn2 ,cl4 synk yn4 #gcg4 ,h4 ,cp4 answerde2 ,cl4 answerede4 #gch4 ,cp4 ,h4 nas2 ,cl4 nat 7672 rest was4 #gci4 ,cl4 om4 no4 #gda4 ,cp4 ,h4 ybeten2 ,cm4 ,i-bete2 ,cl4 beten4 #gdb4 ,cm4 maner2 ,cp4 ,h4 manere2 ,cl4 maneres4 _/_/ ,h4 ,cp4 ise2 ,cl4 is4 #gdc4 ,h4 tellynge2 ,cl4 ,cm4 tellyng4 #gdd4 ,cl4 ought2 ,h4 ougthte 7sic74 #gde4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ynough outsprynge2 ,cm4 ,inow outsprynge2 ,cl4 not ought sprynge4 #gfd4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ther2 rest om4 #gfe4 ,h4 tel2 ,cl4 ,cm4 telle4 _/_/ ,cl4 wyst2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 wiste4 #gfg4 ,cm4 told hyre2 ,ed4 ,h#b4 tolde it2 ,cp4 ,h4 tolde2 ,cl4 telle4 #gfi4 ,cp4 by-soughte2 ,cl4 ,h4 bysought4 #ggg4 ,cl4 nyl not2 rest om4 not4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 noon2 ,cm4 non2 ,cl4 no4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 as ,i4 #ggi4 ,cl4 desespered2 ,cm4 dispeyred2 ,cp4 dispeired2 ,h4 despired4 #ghj4 ,cp4 bendiste2 ,h4 bendistee4 #ghf4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 he2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 the2 ,h4 om4 _/_/ ,ticius ,cm4 which is2 ,ed4 ,tesiphus2 ,h#b4 ,siciphus4 #ghg4 ,cl4 foughles4 #ghh4 ,cl4 ,h4 volturis2 ,h#b4 vulturus2 ,ed4 vultures2 ,cm4 wulturnus 7674 #gic4 ,cl4 folessh4 #gif4 ,cp4 ,h4 muche2 ,cl4 ,cm4 meche4 _/_/ ,cl4 lasse4 #gig4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 lyest2 ,cp4 list2 ,h4 liste2 ,cl4 lyk4 _/_/ ,h#b4 lyst2 ,cl4 ,h4 lest2 ,cm4 leste4 #gih4 ,cl4 wolde 7for coude74 #gii4 ,cp4 ,h4 demen2 ,cm4 demyn2 ,cl4 deme4 #hjc4 ,h4 ,cm4 thank2 ,cl4 thonk4 _/_/ ,cl4 then2 ,cp4 than4 #hab4 he ,cl4 yet4 #had4 ,cp4 recreant2 ,cl4 ,h4 recreaunte4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h#b4 of2 rest for4 #hae4 ,cl4 feyr4 #hag4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 serue2 ,cl4 seruen4 #hah4 ,cl4 thenk4 #hai4 ,cp4 ,cm4 fold2 ,cl4 ,h4 folde4 #hbj4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 om4 ,and4 #hba4 ,cl4 ought4 #hbb4 ,cl4 hym soth4 #hbd4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 om4 a4 #hbf4 woot she knew ,cl4 knoweth 7674 #hcj4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ins4 al bef4 thy4 #hcc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 pieces4 #hcg4 ,cm4 wel2 ,cl4 ,h4 wele4 #hci4 ,cm4 whel2 ,cl4 ,h4 whiel4 #hdb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ghe2 ,cm4 gha2 ,cl4 om4 #hdf1 #g4 ,cm4 -gon1 -on2 ,cl4 ,h4 -gone1 -one4 #hdh1 #hej4 ,cl4 ,h4 whiel2 ,cm4 whelys 7whel74 #hea4 if ,cl4 of 7674 #hee4 what ,cl4 whan4 #heh4 ,cm4 onwrye2 ,ed4 vnwrie2 ,cl4 ,h4 vnwre4 #hfb1 #hfd4 ,cm4 tel2 ,cl4 ,h4 telle4 #hfc4 ,cp4 thy2 ,h4 i2 ,cl4 ,cm4 in4 #hfe4 ,cp4 hopen2 ,cl4 ,h4 hopen the2 ,cm4 ,ed4 hope4 #hfg4 ,h4 ,cm4 wex2 ,cl4 wax4 #hga4 ,cl4 bigan2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 gan4 #hhc4 ,h#b4 ,ne y2 ,h4 ,ny 7 ,ne y72 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 ,i4 #hhe4 ,cl4 frendliour4 _/_/ ,h#b4 ne a2 ,cl4 ,h4 na 7 ne a72 see l4 #hhd4 #hhf4 ,cp4 om4 #bnd to4 #hhi4 ,cl4 ,h4 hires2 ,ed4 hers4 #hij-hif4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 omit2 from ,ed4 and ,h#b42 also in ,jo4 and ,harl4 #bcib4 #hia4 ,ed4 first2 ,h#b4 ferst2 read firste4 #hib4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 wele4 _/_/ ,ed4 ordayne the 7with the added2 ordeyn is trisyllabic74 #hid4 ,h#b4 om4 nought but 7674 #hie4 ,h#b4 wele2 ,ed4 wel4 #hif4 ,h#b4 oght2 ,ed4 ought2 read oughte4 #ijb4 ,h4 ,cp4 nought2 ,cl4 not4 #ijg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 han2 ,cl4 a4 _/_/ thus ,cl4 so4 #ijh4 ,ed4 wont2 ,cp4 ,h4 wonte2 ,cl4 woned4 #iaa4 ,h4 ,cp4 often2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ofte4 #iad4 ,h#b4 monche2 ,ed4 monch2 ,cl4 mucche2 ,h4 muche4 #iae4 ,cl4 om4 make4 #iag4 ,cp4 ,h4 preydest2 ,cl4 preyedest4 #iah4 ,cl4 som4 #iba4 ,h4 slepten4 #ibb4 ,cl4 wolden4 #ibe4 ,ed4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,yet2 ,cm4 ,yit2 ,cl4 ,ye4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 that4 #ibg4 ,ed4 ,h4 ,cp4 thoughten2 ,cm4 thoughtyn2 ,cl4 thought4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,ed4 om4 that4 #ibh4 ,cl4 to assayn2 ,h4 ,cp4 tassayen4 #ica4 ,h4 noon2 ,cp4 non2 ,cl4 none4 #icb4 ,h4 ,cp4 sey2 ,cl4 seye4 #ice4 ,h4 ,cp4 herte2 ,cl4 hert4 #icg4 ,cp4 ,h4 for-ghiue2 ,cl4 ,cm4 for-yeue4 #ich4 ,cp4 liue2 ,cl4 ,cm4 leue4 #ici4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 ,pandare2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,pandarus4 #ida4 ,cl4 sithen that2 ,cp4 ,h4 sithen4 _/_/ ,h4 wepen2 ,cm4 wepyn2 ,cl4 wopen4 #ide4 ,h4 ,cm4 ben2 ,cl4 be4 #idg4 as ,cl4 al2 ,h#b4 and4 #iej1 #a4 ,cl4 nexst4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 derk2 rest derke4 #ieb4 the--of ,cl4 after4 #iee4 ,cp4 al2 ,cl4 ,h4 alle4 #ieh4 ,cp4 thy2 ,cl4 ,cm4 yn4 #iei4 ,cp4 werke2 ,cl4 werk4 #ifj4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 partyd2 rest departed4 #ifb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 though swich2 ,cl4 that such4 #ifc4 of ,cl4 on4 #iff4 ,h4 though2 ,cl4 ,cm4 thow4 _/_/ may ,cl4 mowe4 #ifi4 ,cp4 ,cm4 faste2 rest fast4 #igb4 ,cm4 bothis4 #igc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 maken2 ,cl4 ,cm4 make4 #ihj4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 om4 to4 #ihb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 bethynken2 ,cl4 byynke4 #ihd4 ,as ,cl4 ,and4 #ihe4 ,cp4 ,cm4 trewely2 ,cl4 ,h4 trewly4 ,h4 ,cp4 sate2 ,cl4 ,cm4 sat2 7read sete74 #ihf4 ,h4 ,cp4 louen2 ,cl4 ,cm4 loue4 #iic4 ,cl4 of it the wiser4 #iie4 ,and ,cl4 ,for4 #iig4 it ,cl4 that4 #ajjb4 now ,cl4 ye4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 wyse2 rest grete4 #ajjc4 a ,cl4 the4 #ajjf4 most god ,cm4 god most4 #ajji4 ,cl4 ,whanne4 #ajag4 ,,mss4 telle2 ,ed4 tel2 see l4 #fha4 #ajbj4 ,cp4 ,h4 here2 ,cl4 heren4 #ajbd4 may _/_/ ,cl4 wole4 #ajbh4 ,cp4 malone4 #ajcc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 any2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ony4 #ajcd4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 dredeles2 rest dredles4 #ajcf4 ,cp4 myghte2 ,cl4 ,h4 myght4 #ajci4 ,h4 ,cp4 roughte2 ,cl4 rought4 #ajdb4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,yif2 ,cp4 ,yef2 ,cl4 ,yeue4 #ajdd-ajib4 ,lost in ,cm4 #ajdd4 ,tho ,cl4 ,but4 _/_/ on ,cl4 on his4 #ajde4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 hente2 ,cl4 hent4 #ajdh4 ,cp4 ,h4 dredelees2 ,cl4 dredles4 #ajej4 ,h4 mathynketh2 ,ed4 me athinketh2 ,cl4 me ofthynketh2 ,cp4 mathenketh4 _/_/ ,ed4 masterte2 ,cp4 me sterte4 #ajea4 ,so all4 #ajeb4 ,accent thou4 #ajei4 ,cp4 ,h4 than2 ,cl4 thenne4 #ajfg4 ,cp4 ,h4 wol2 ,cl4 wole4 #ajfh4 ,cp4 ,h4 sende2 ,cl4 send4 #ajfi4 ,so all4 #ajgd4 ,cl4 lyoun4 #ajge4 ,wo ,cl4 ,who 767 _/_/ that 7#b7 ,h4 a4 #ajgi4 ,cp4 bicom2 ,cl4 by come4 #ajhj4 ,all most2 read moste4 #ajhd4 ,h4 hieghe2 ,cl4 heigh4 #ajhf4 ,cp4 ,h4 lat2 ,cl4 late4 #ajib4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 driueth2 ,cl4 drieth2 ,cp4 ,h4 dryeth4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,incipit ,,prohemium ,,secundi ,,libri4 #a4 ,out of these blake wawes for to sayle1 ,o wind1 ,o wind1 the weder ginneth clere2 ,for in this see the boot hath swich travayle1 ,of my conning that unnethe ,i it stere3 ,this see clepe ,i the tempestous matere #e ,of desespeyr that ,troilus was inne3 ,but now of hope the calendes biginne4 #b4 ,o lady myn1 that called art ,cleo1 ,thou be my speed fro this forth1 and my muse1 ,to ryme wel this book1 til ,i have do2 #aj ,me nedeth here noon other art to use4 ,for-why to every lovere ,i me excuse1 ,that of no sentement ,i this endyte1 ,but out of ,latin in my tonge it wryte4 #c4 ,wherfore ,i nil have neither thank ne blame #ae ,of al this werk1 but pray yow mekely1 ,disblameth me1 if any word be lame1 ,for as myn auctor seyde1 so seye ,i4 ,eek though ,i speke of love unfelingly1 ,no wonder is1 for it no-thing of newe is2 #bj ,a blind man can nat ,iuggen wel in hewis4 #d4 ,ye knowe eek1 that in forme of speche is chaunge ,with-inne a thousand yeer1 and wordes tho ,that hadden prys1 now wonder nyce and straunge ,us thinketh hem2 and yet they spake hem so1 #be ,and spedde as wel in love as men now do2 ,eek for to winne love in sondry ages1 ,in sondry londes1 sondry ben usages4 #e4 ,and for-thy if it happe in any wyse1 ,that here be any lovere in this place #cj ,that herkeneth1 as the story wol devyse1 ,how ,troilus com to his lady grace1 ,and thenketh1 so nolde ,i nat love purchace1 ,or wondreth on his speche and his doinge1 ,i noot2 but it is me no wonderinge2 #ce #f4 ,for every wight which that to ,rome went1 ,halt nat o path1 or alwey o manere2 ,eek in some lond were al the gamen shent1 ,if that they ferde in love as men don here1 ,as thus1 in open doing or in chere1 #dj ,in visitinge1 in forme1 or seyde hir sawes2 ,for-thy men seyn1 ech contree hath his lawes4 #g4 ,eek scarsly been ther in this place three ,that han in love seyd lyk and doon in al2 ,for to thy purpos this may lyken thee1 #de ,and thee right nought1 yet al is seyd or shal2 ,eek som men grave in tree1 som in stoon wal1 ,as it bitit2 but sin ,i have begonne1 ,myn auctor shal ,i folwen1 if ,i conne4 ,,explicit ,,prohemium ,,secundi ,,libri4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,secundus4 #h4 ,in ,may1 that moder is of monthes glade1 #ej ,that fresshe floures1 blewe1 and whyte1 and rede1 ,ben quike agayn1 that winter dede made1 ,and ful of bawme is fletinge every mede2 ,whan ,phebus doth his brighte bemes sprede ,right in the whyte ,bole1 it so bitidde #ee ,as ,i shal singe1 on ,mayes day the thridde1 #i4 ,that ,pandarus1 for al his wyse speche1 ,felte eek his part of loves shottes kene1 ,that1 coude he never so wel of loving preche1 ,it made his hewe a-day ful ofte grene2 #fj ,so shoop it1 that him fil that day a tene ,in love1 for which in wo to bedde he wente1 ,and made1 er it was day1 ful many a wente4 #aj4 ,the swalwe ,proign1 with a sorwful lay1 ,whan morwe com1 gan make hir weymentinge1 #fe ,why she forshapen was2 and ever lay ,pandare a-bedde1 half in a slomeringe1 ,til she so neigh him made hir chiteringe ,how ,tereus gan forth hir suster take1 ,that with the noyse of hir he gan a-wake2 #gj #aa4 ,and gan to calle1 and dresse him up to ryse1 ,remembringe him his erand was to done ,from ,troilus1 and eek his greet empryse2 ,and caste and knew in good plyt was the mone ,to doon viage1 and took his wey ful sone #ge ,un-to his neces paleys ther bi-syde2 ,now ,ianus1 god of entree1 thou him gyde6 #ab4 ,whan he was come un-to his neces place1 ',wher is my lady8' to hir folk seyde he2 ,and they him tolde2 and he forth in gan pace1 #hj ,and fond1 two othere ladyes sete and she ,with-inne a paved parlour2 and they three ,herden a mayden reden hem the geste ,of the ,sege of ,thebes1 whyl hem leste4 #ac4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'ma dame1 god yow see1 #he ,with al your book and al the companye6' ',ey1 uncle myn1 welcome y-wis1' quod she1 ,and up she roos1 and by the hond in hye ,she took him faste1 and seyde1 'this night thrye1 ,to goode mote it turne1 of yow ,i mette6' #ij ,and with that word she doun on bench him sette4 #ad4 ',ye1 nece1 ye shal fare wel the bet1 ,if god wole1 al this yeer1' quod ,pandarus2 ',but ,i am sory that ,i have yow let ,to herknen of your book ye preysen thus2 #ie ,for goddes love1 what seith it8 tel it us4 ,is it of love8 ,o1 som good ye me lere6' ',uncle1' quod she1 'your maistresse is not here6' #ae4 ,with that they gonnen laughe1 and tho she seyde1 ',this romaunce is of ,thebes1 that we rede2 #ajj ,and we han herd how that king ,laius deyde ,thurgh ,edippus his sone1 and al that dede2 ,and here we stenten at these lettres rede1 ,how the bisshop1 as the book can telle1 ,amphiorax1 fil thurgh the ground to helle4' #aje #af4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'al this knowe ,i my-selve1 ,and al the assege of ,thebes and the care2 ,for her-of been ther maked bokes twelve3-- ,but lat be this1 and tel me how ye fare2 ,do wey your barbe1 and shew your face bare2 #aaj ,do wey your book1 rys up1 and lat us daunce1 ,and lat us don to ,may som observaunce4' #ag4 ',a6 god forbede6' quod she1 'be ye mad8' ,is that a widewes lyf1 so god you save8 ,by god1 ye maken me right sore a-drad1 #aae ,ye ben so wilde1 it semeth as ye rave6 ,it sete me wel bet ay in a cave ,to bidde1 and rede on holy seyntes lyves3 ,lat maydens gon to daunce1 and yonge wyves4' #ah4 ',as ever thryve ,i1' quod this ,pandarus1 #abj ',yet coude ,i telle a thing to doon you pleye4' ',now uncle dere1' quod she1 'tel it us ,for goddes love2 is than the assege aweye8 ,i am of ,grekes so ferd that ,i deye4' ',nay1 nay1' quod he1 'as ever mote ,i thryve6 #abe ,it is a thing wel bet than swiche fyve4' #ai4 ',ye1 holy god6' quod she1 'what thing is that8 ,what8 bet than swiche fyve8 ey1 nay1 y-wis6 ,for al this world ne can ,i reden what ,it sholde been2 som ,iape1 ,i trowe1 is this2 #acj ,and but your-selven telle us what it is1 ,my wit is for to arede it al to lene2 ,as help me god1 ,i noot nat what ye mene4' #bj4 ',and ,i your borow1 ne never shal1 for me1 ,this thing be told to yow1 as mote ,i thryve6' #ace ',and why so1 uncle myn8 why so8' quod she4 ',by god1' quod he1 'that wole ,i telle as blyve2 ,for prouder womman were ther noon on-lyve1 ,and ye it wiste1 in al the toun of ,troye2 ,i iape nought1 as ever have ,i ,ioye6' #adj #ba4 ,tho gan she wondren more than biforn ,a thousand fold1 and doun hir eyen caste2 ,for never1 sith the tyme that she was born1 ,to knowe thing desired she so faste2 ,and with a syk she seyde him at the laste1 #ade ',now1 uncle myn1 ,i nil yow nought displese1 ,nor axen more1 that may do yow disese4' #bb4 ,so after this1 with many wordes glade1 ,and freendly tales1 and with mery chere1 ,of this and that they pleyde1 and gunnen wade #aej ,in many an unkouth glad and deep matere1 ,as freendes doon1 whan they ben met y-fere2 ,til she gan axen him how ,ector ferde1 ,that was the tounes wal and ,grekes yerde4 #bc4 ',ful wel1 ,i thanke it god1' quod ,pandarus1 #aee ',save in his arm he hath a litel wounde2 ,and eek his fresshe brother ,troilus1 ,the wyse worthy ,ector the secounde1 ,in whom that every vertu list abounde1 ,as alle trouthe and alle gentillesse1 #afj ,wysdom1 honour1 fredom1 and worthinesse4' #bd4 ',in good feith1 eem1' quod she1 'that lyketh me2 ,they faren wel1 god save hem bothe two6 ,for trewely ,i holde it greet deyntee ,a kinges sone in armes wel to do1 #afe ,and been of good condiciouns ther-to2 ,for greet power and moral vertu here ,is selde y-seye in o persone y-fere4' #be4 ',in good feith1 that is sooth1' quod ,pandarus2 ,but1 by my trouthe1 the king hath sones tweye1 #agj ,that is to mene1 ,ector and ,troilus1 ,that certainly1 though that ,i sholde deye1 ,they been as voyde of vyces1 dar ,i seye1 ,as any men that liveth under the sonne1 ,hir might is wyde y-knowe1 and what they conne4 #age #bf4 ,of ,ector nedeth it nought for to telle2 ,in al this world ther nis a bettre knight ,than he1 that is of worthinesse welle2 ,and he wel more vertu hath than might4 ,this knoweth many a wys and worthy wight4 #ahj ,the same prys of ,troilus ,i seye1 ,god help me so1 ,i knowe not swiche tweye4' #bg4 ',by god1' quod she1 'of ,ector that is sooth2 ,of ,troilus the same thing trowe ,i2 ,for dredelees1 men tellen that he dooth #ahe ,in armes day by day so worthily1 ,and bereth him here at hoom so gentilly ,to every wight1 that al the prys hath he ,of hem that me were levest preysed be4' #bh4 ',ye sey right sooth1 y-wis1' quod ,pandarus2 #aij ',for yesterday1 who-so hadde with him been1 ,he might have wondred up-on ,troilus2 ,for never yet so thikke a swarm of been ,ne fleigh1 as ,grekes fro him gonne fleen2 ,and thorugh the feld1 in every wightes ere1 #aie ,ther nas no cry but ,troilus is there6 #bi4 ,now here1 now there1 he hunted hem so faste1 ,ther nas but ,grekes blood2 and ,troilus1 ,now hem he hurte1 and hem alle doun he caste2 ,ay where he wente it was arayed thus3 #bjj ,he was hir deeth1 and sheld and lyf for us2 ,that as that day ther dorste noon with-stonde1 ,whyl that he held his blody swerd in honde4 #cj4 ,therto he is the freendlieste man ,of grete estat1 that ever ,i saw my lyve2 #bje ,and wher him list1 best felawshipe can ,to suche as him thinketh able for to thryve4' ,and with that word tho ,pandarus1 as blyve1 ,he took his leve1 and seyde1 ',i wol go henne3' ',nay1 blame have ,i1 myn uncle1' quod she thenne4 #baj #ca4 ',what eyleth yow to be thus wery sone1 ,and namelich of wommen8 wol ye so8 ,nay1 sitteth down2 by god1 ,i have to done ,with yow1 to speke of wisdom er ye go4' ,and every wight that was a-boute hem tho1 #bae ,that herde that1 gan fer a-wey to stonde1 ,whyl they two hadde al that hem liste in honde4 #cb4 ,whan that hir tale al brought was to an ende ,of hire estat and of hir governaunce1 ,quod ,pandarus1 'now is it tyme ,i wende2 #bbj ,but yet1 ,i seye1 aryseth1 lat us daunce1 ,and cast your widwes habit to mischaunce3 ,what list yow thus your-self to disfigure1 ,sith yow is tid thus fair an aventure8' #cc4 ',a6 wel bithought6 for love of god1' quod she1 #bbe ',shal ,i not witen what ye mene of this8' ',no1 this thing axeth layser1' tho quod he1 ',and eek me wolde muche greve1 y-wis1 ,if ,i it tolde1 and ye it toke amis4 ,yet were it bet my tonge for to stille #bcj ,than seye a sooth that were ayeins your wille4 #cd4 ,for1 nece1 by the goddesse ,minerve1 ,and ,iuppiter1 that maketh the thonder ringe1 ,and by the blisful ,venus that ,i serve1 ,ye been the womman in this world livinge1 #bce ,with-oute paramours1 to my witinge1 ,that ,i best love1 and lothest am to greve1 ,and that ye witen wel your-self1 ,i leve4' #ce4 ',y-wis1 myn uncle1' quod she1 'grant mercy2 ,your freendship have ,i founden ever yit2 #bdj ,i am to no man holden trewely ,so muche as yow1 and have so litel quit2 ,and1 with the grace of god1 emforth my wit1 ,as in my gilt ,i shal you never offende2 ,and if ,i have er this1 ,i wol amende4 #bde #cf4 ,but1 for the love of god1 ,i yow beseche1 ,as ye ben he that ,i most love and triste1 ,lat be to me your fremde maner speche1 ,and sey to me1 your nece1 what yow liste3' ,and with that word hir uncle anoon hir kiste1 #bej ,and seyde1 'gladly1 leve nece dere1 ,tak it for good that ,i shal seye yow here4' #cg4 ,with that she gan hir eyen doun to caste1 ,and ,pandarus to coghe gan a lyte1 ,and seyde1 'nece1 alwey1 lo6 to the laste1 #bee ,how-so it be that som men hem delyte ,with subtil art hir tales for to endyte1 ,yet for al that1 in hir entencioun1 ,hir tale is al for som conclusioun4 #ch4 ,and sithen thende is every tales strengthe1 #bfj ,and this matere is so bihovely1 ,what sholde ,i peynte or drawen it on lengthe ,to yow1 that been my freend so feithfully8' ,and with that word he gan right inwardly ,biholden hir1 and loken on hir face1 #bfe ,and seyde1 'on suche a mirour goode grace6' #ci4 ,than thoughte he thus1 'if ,i my tale endyte ,ought hard1 or make a proces any whyle1 ,she shal no savour han ther-in but lyte1 ,and trowe ,i wolde hir in my wil bigyle4 #bgj ,for tendre wittes wenen al be wyle ,ther-as they can nat pleynly understonde2 ,for-thy hir wit to serven wol ,i fonde'-- #dj4 ,and loked on hir in a besy wyse1 ,and she was war that he byheld hir so1 #bge ,and seyde1 'lord6 so faste ye me avyse6 ,sey ye me never er now8 what sey ye1 no8' ',yes1 yes1' quod he1 'and bet wole er ,i go2 ,but1 by my trouthe1 ,i thoughte now if ye ,be fortunat1 for now men shal it see4 #bhj #da4 ,for to every wight som goodly aventure ,som tyme is shape1 if he it can receyven2 ,and if that he wol take of it no cure1 ,whan that it cometh1 but wilfully it weyven1 ,lo1 neither cas nor fortune him deceyven1 #bhe ,but right his verray slouthe and wrecchednesse2 ,and swich a wight is for to blame1 ,i gesse4 #db4 ,good aventure1 ,o bele nece1 have ye ,ful lightly founden1 and ye conne it take2 ,and1 for the love of god1 and eek of me1 #bij ,cacche it anoon1 lest aventure slake4 ,what sholde ,i lenger proces of it make8 ,yif me your hond1 for in this world is noon1 ,if that you list1 a wight so wel begoon4 #dc4 ,and sith ,i speke of good entencioun1 #bie ,as ,i to yow have told wel here-biforn1 ,and love as wel your honour and renoun ,as creature in al this world y-born2 ,by alle the othes that ,i have yow sworn1 ,and ye be wrooth therfore1 or wene ,i lye1 #cjj ,ne shal ,i never seen yow eft with y4 #dd4 ,beth nought agast1 ne quaketh nat2 wher-to8 ,ne chaungeth nat for fere so your hewe2 ,for hardely1 the werste of this is do2 ,and though my tale as now be to yow newe1 #cje ,yet trist alwey1 ye shal me finde trewe2 ,and were it thing that me thoughte unsittinge1 ,to yow nolde ,i no swiche tales bringe4' #de4 ',now1 my good eem1 for goddes love1 ,i preye1' ,quod she1 'com of1 and tel me what it is2 #caj ,for bothe ,i am agast what ye wol seye1 ,and eek me longeth it to wite1 y-wis4 ,for whether it be wel or be amis1 ,sey on1 lat me not in this fere dwelle3' ',so wol ,i doon1 now herkneth1 ,i shal telle3 #cae #df4 ,now1 nece myn1 the kinges dere sone1 ,the goode1 wyse1 worthy1 fresshe1 and free1 ,which alwey for to do wel is his wone1 ,the noble ,troilus1 so loveth thee1 ,that1 bot ye helpe1 it wol his bane be4 #cbj ,lo1 here is al1 what sholde ,i more seye8 ,doth what yow list1 to make him live or deye4 #dg4 ,but if ye lete him deye1 ,i wol sterve2 ,have her my trouthe1 nece1 ,i nil not lyen2 ,al sholde ,i with this knyf my throte kerve'-- #cbe ,with that the teres braste out of his yn1 ,and seyde1 'if that ye doon us bothe dyen1 ,thus giltelees1 than have ye fisshed faire2 ,what mende ye1 though that we bothe apeyre8 #dh4 ,allas6 he which that is my lord so dere1 #ccj ,that trewe man1 that noble gentil knight1 ,that nought desireth but your freendly chere1 ,i see him deye1 ther he goth up-right1 ,and hasteth him1 with al his fulle might1 ,for to be slayn1 if fortune wol assente2 #cce ,allas6 that god yow swich a beautee sente6 #di4 ,if it be so that ye so cruel be1 ,that of his deeth yow liste nought to recche1 ,that is so trewe and worthy1 as ye see1 ,no more than of a ,iapere or a wrecche1 #cdj ,if ye be swich1 your beautee may not strecche ,to make amendes of so cruel a dede2 ,avysement is good bifore the nede4 #ej4 ,wo worth the faire gemme vertulees6 ,wo worth that herbe also that dooth no bote6 #cde ,wo worth that beautee that is routhelees6 ,wo worth that wight that tret ech under fote6 ,and ye1 that been of beautee crop and rote1 ,if therwith-al in you ther be no routhe1 ,than is it harm ye liven1 by my trouthe6 #cej #ea4 ,and also thenk wel1 that this is no gaude2 ,for me were lever1 thou and ,i and he ,were hanged1 than ,i sholde been his baude1 ,as heyghe1 as men mighte on us alle y-see3 ,i am thyn eem1 the shame were to me1 #cee ,as wel as thee1 if that ,i sholde assente1 ,thorugh myn abet1 that he thyn honour shente4 #eb4 ,now understond1 for ,i yow nought requere1 ,to binde yow to him thorugh no beheste1 ,but only that ye make him bettre chere #cfj ,than ye han doon er this1 and more feste1 ,so that his lyf be saved1 at the leste3 ,this al and som1 and playnly our entente2 ,god helpe me so1 ,i never other mente4 #ec4 ,lo1 this request is not but skile1 y-wis1 #cfe ,ne doute of reson1 pardee1 is ther noon4 ,i sette the worste that ye dredden this1 ,men wolden wondren seen him come or goon3 ,ther-ayeins answere ,i thus a-noon1 ,that every wight1 but he be fool of kinde1 #cgj ,wol deme it love of freendship in his minde4 #ed4 ,what8 who wol deme1 though he see a man ,to temple go1 that he the images eteth8 ,thenk eek how wel and wysly that he can ,governe him-self1 that he no-thing foryeteth1 #cge ,that1 wher he cometh1 he prys and thank him geteth2 ,and eek ther-to1 he shal come here so selde1 ,what fors were it though al the toun behelde8 #ee4 ,swich love of freendes regneth al this toun2 ,and wrye yow in that mantel ever-mo2 #chj ,and1 god so wis be my savacioun1 ,as ,i have seyd1 your beste is to do so4 ,but alwey1 goode nece1 to stinte his wo1 ,so lat your daunger sucred ben a lyte1 ,that of his deeth ye be nought for to wyte4' #che #ef4 ,criseyde1 which that herde him in this wyse1 ,thoughte1 ',i shal fele what he meneth1 y-wis4' ',now1 eem1' quod she1 'what wolde ye devyse1 ,what is your reed ,i sholde doon of this8' ',that is wel seyd1' quod he1 'certayn1 best is #cij ,that ye him love ayein for his lovinge1 ,as love for love is skilful guerdoninge4 #eg4 ,thenk eek1 how elde wasteth every houre ,in eche of yow a party of beautee2 ,and therfore1 er that age thee devoure1 #cie ,go love1 for1 olde1 ther wol no wight of thee4 ,lat this proverbe a lore un-to yow be2 ,to late y-war1 quod ,beautee1 whan it paste2 ,and elde daunteth daunger at the laste4 #eh4 ,the kinges fool is woned to cryen loude1 #djj ,whan that him thinketh a womman bereth hir hy1 ,so longe mote ye live1 and alle proude1 ,til crowes feet be growe under your y1 ,and sende yow thanne a mirour in to pry ,in whiche ye may see your face a-morwe6 #dje ,nece1 ,i bidde wisshe yow no more sorwe4' #ei4 ,with this he stente1 and caste adoun the heed1 ,and she bigan to breste a-wepe anoon4 ,and seyde1 'allas1 for wo6 why nere ,i deed8 ,for of this world the feith is al agoon6 #daj ,allas6 what sholden straunge to me doon1 ,when he1 that for my beste freend ,i wende1 ,ret me to love1 and sholde it me defende8 #fj4 ,allas6 ,i wolde han trusted1 doutelees1 ,that if that ,i1 thurgh my disaventure1 #dae ,had loved other him or ,achilles1 ,ector1 or any mannes creature1 ,ye nolde han had no mercy ne mesure ,on me1 but alwey had me in repreve2 ,this false world1 allas6 who may it leve8 #dbj #fa4 ,what8 is this al the ,ioye and al the feste8 ,is this your reed1 is this my blisful cas8 ,is this the verray mede of your beheste8 ,is al this peynted proces seyd1 allas6 ,right for this fyn8 ,o lady myn1 ,pallas6 #dbe ,thou in this dredful cas for me purveye2 ,for so astonied am ,i that ,i deye6' #fb4 ,with that she gan ful sorwfully to syke2 ',a6 may it be no bet8' quod ,pandarus2 ',by god1 ,i shal no-more com here this wyke1 #dcj ,and god to-forn1 that am mistrusted thus2 ,i see ful wel that ye sette lyte of us1 ,or of our deeth6 ,allas6 ,i woful wrecche6 ,mighte he yet live1 of me is nought to recche4 #fc4 ,o cruel god1 ,o dispitouse ,marte1 #dce ,o ,furies three of helle1 on yow ,i crye6 ,so lat me never out of this hous departe1 ,if that ,i mente harm or vilanye6 ,but sith ,i see my lord mot nedes dye1 ,and ,i with him1 here ,i me shryve1 and seye #ddj ,that wikkedly ye doon us bothe deye4 #fd4 ,but sith it lyketh yow that ,i be deed1 ,by ,neptunus1 that god is of the see1 ,fro this forth shal ,i never eten breed ,til ,i myn owene herte blood may see2 #dde ,for certayn1 ,i wole deye as sone as he'-- ,and up he sterte1 and on his wey he raughte1 ,til she agayn him by the lappe caughte4 #fe4 ,criseyde1 which that wel neigh starf for fere1 ,so as she was the ferfulleste wight #dej ,that mighte be1 and herde eek with hir ere1 ,and saw the sorwful ernest of the knight1 ,and in his preyere eek saw noon unright1 ,and for the harm that mighte eek fallen more1 ,she gan to rewe1 and dradde hir wonder sore2 #dee #ff4 ,and thoughte thus1 'unhappes fallen thikke ,alday for love1 and in swich maner cas1 ,as men ben cruel in hem-self and wikke2 ,and if this man slee here him-self1 allas6 ,in my presence1 it wol be no solas4 #dfj ,what men wolde of hit deme ,i can nat seye2 ,it nedeth me ful sleyly for to pleye4' #fg4 ,and with a sorwful syk she seyde thrye1 ',a6 lord6 what me is tid a sory chaunce6 ,for myn estat now lyth in ,iupartye1 #dfe ,and eek myn emes lyf lyth in balaunce2 ,but nathelees1 with goddes governaunce1 ,i shal so doon1 myn honour shal ,i kepe1 ,and eek his lyf2' and stinte for to wepe4 #fh4 ',of harmes two1 the lesse is for to chese2 #dgj ,yet have ,i lever maken him good chere ,in honour1 than myn emes lyf to lese2 ,ye seyn1 ye no-thing elles me requere8' ',no1 wis1' quod he1 'myn owene nece dere4' ',now wel1' quod she1 'and ,i wol doon my peyne2 #dge ,i shal myn herte ayeins my lust constreyne1 #fi4 ,but that ,i nil not holden him in honde1 ,ne love a man1 ne can ,i not1 ne may ,ayeins my wil2 but elles wol ,i fonde1 ,myn honour sauf1 plese him fro day to day2 #dhj ,ther-to nolde ,i nought ones have seyd nay1 ,but that ,i dredde1 as in my fantasye2 ,but cesse cause1 ay cesseth maladye4 #gj4 ,and here ,i make a protestacioun1 ,that in this proces if ye depper go1 #dhe ,that certaynly1 for no savacioun ,of yow1 though that ye sterve bothe two1 ,though al the world on o day be my fo1 ,ne shal ,i never on him han other routhe4'-- ',i graunte wel1' quod ,pandare1 'by my trouthe4 #dij #ga4 ,but may ,i truste wel ther-to1' quod he1 ',that1 of this thing that ye han hight me here1 ,ye wol it holden trewly un-to me8' ',ye1 doutelees1' quod she1 'myn uncle dere4' ',ne that ,i shal han cause in this matere1' #die ,quod he1 'to pleyne1 or after yow to preche8' ',why1 no1 pardee2 what nedeth more speche8' #gb4 ,tho fillen they in othere tales glade1 ,til at the laste1 ',o good eem1' quod she tho1 ',for love of god1 which that us bothe made1 #ejj ,tel me how first ye wisten of his wo3 ,wot noon of hit but ye8' ,he seyde1 'no4' ',can he wel speke of love8' quod she1 ',i preye1 ,tel me1 for ,i the bet me shal purveye4' #gc4 ,tho ,pandarus a litel gan to smyle1 #eje ,and seyde1 'by my trouthe1 ,i shal yow telle4 ,this other day1 nought gon ful longe whyle1 ,in-with the paleys-gardyn1 by a welle1 ,gan he and ,i wel half a day to dwelle1 ,right for to speken of an ordenaunce1 #eaj ,how we the ,grekes mighte disavaunce4 #gd4 ,sone after that bigonne we to lepe1 ,and casten with our dartes to and fro1 ,til at the laste he seyde1 he wolde slepe1 ,and on the gres a-doun he leyde him tho2 #eae ,and ,i after gan rome to and fro ,til that ,i herde1 as that ,i welk allone1 ,how he bigan ful wofully to grone4 #ge4 ,tho gan ,i stalke him softely bihinde1 ,and sikerly1 the sothe for to seyne1 #ebj ,as ,i can clepe ayein now to my minde1 ,right thus to ,love he gan him for to pleyne2 ,he seyde1 lord6 have routhe up-on my peyne1 ,al have ,i been rebel in myn entente2 ,now1 mea culpa1 lord6 ,i me repente4 #ebe #gf4 ,o god1 that at thy disposicioun ,ledest the fyn1 by ,iuste purveyaunce1 ,of every wight1 my lowe confessioun ,accepte in gree1 and send me swich penaunce ,as lyketh thee1 but from desesperaunce1 #ecj ,that may my goost departe awey fro thee1 ,thou be my sheld1 for thy benignitee4 #gg4 ,for certes1 lord1 so sore hath she me wounded ,that stod in blak1 with loking of hir yn1 ,that to myn hertes botme it is y-sounded1 #ece ,thorugh which ,i woot that ,i mot nedes dyen2 ,this is the worste1 ,i dar me not bi-wryen2 ,and wel the hotter been the gledes rede1 ,that men hem wryen with asshen pale and dede4 #gh4 ,with that he smoot his heed adoun anoon1 #edj ,and gan to motre1 ,i noot what1 trewely4 ,and ,i with that gan stille awey to goon1 ,and leet ther-of as no-thing wist hadde ,i1 ,and come ayein anoon and stood him by1 ,and seyde1 a-wake1 ye slepen al to longe2 #ede ,it semeth nat that love dooth yow longe1 #gi4 ,that slepen so that no man may yow wake4 ,who sey ever or this so dul a man8 ,ye1 freend1 quod he1 do ye your hedes ake ,for love1 and lat me liven as ,i can4 #eej ,but though that he for wo was pale and wan1 ,yet made he tho as fresh a contenaunce1 ,as though he shulde have led the newe daunce4 #hj4 ,this passed forth1 til now1 this other day1 ,it fel that ,i com roming al allone #eee ,into his chaumbre1 and fond how that he lay ,up-on his bed2 but man so sore grone ,ne herde ,i never1 and what that was his mone1 ,ne wiste ,i nought2 for1 as ,i was cominge1 ,al sodeynly he lefte his compleyninge4 #efj #ha4 ,of which ,i took somwhat suspecioun1 ,and neer ,i com1 and fond he wepte sore2 ,and god so wis be my savacioun1 ,as never of thing hadde ,i no routhe more4 ,for neither with engyn1 ne with no lore1 #efe ,unethes mighte ,i fro the deeth him kepe2 ,that yet fele ,i myn herte for him wepe4 #hb4 ,and god wot1 never1 sith that ,i was born1 ,was ,i so bisy no man for to preche1 ,ne never was to wight so depe y-sworn1 #egj ,or he me tolde who mighte been his leche4 ,but now to yow rehersen al his speche1 ,or alle his woful wordes for to soune1 ,ne bid me not1 but ye wol see me swowne4 #hc4 ,but for to save his lyf1 and elles nought1 #ege ,and to non harm of yow1 thus am ,i driven2 ,and for the love of god that us hath wrought1 ,swich chere him dooth1 that he and ,i may liven4 ,now have ,i plat to yow myn herte schriven2 ,and sin ye woot that myn entente is clene1 #ehj ,tak hede ther-of1 for ,i non yvel mene4 #hd4 ,and right good thrift1 ,i pray to god1 have ye1 ,that han swich oon y-caught with-oute net2 ,and be ye wys1 as ye ben fair to see1 ,wel in the ring than is the ruby set4 #ehe ,ther were never two so wel y-met1 ,whan ye ben his al hool1 as he is youre3 ,ther mighty god yet graunte us see that houre6' #he4 ',nay1 therof spak ,i not1 a1 ha6' quod she1 ',as helpe me god1 ye shenden every deel6' #eij ',o mercy1 dere nece1' anoon quod he1 ',what-so ,i spak1 ,i mente nought but weel1 ,by ,mars the god1 that helmed is of steel2 ,now beth nought wrooth1 my blood1 my nece dere4' ',now wel1' quod she1 'foryeven be it here6' #eie #hf4 ,with this he took his leve1 and hoom he wente2 ,and lord1 how he was glad and wel bigoon6 ,criseyde aroos1 no lenger she ne stente1 ,but straught in-to hir closet wente anoon1 ,and sette here doun as stille as any stoon1 #fjj ,and every word gan up and doun to winde1 ,that he hadde seyd1 as it com hir to minde2 #hg4 ,and wex somdel astonied in hir thought1 ,right for the newe cas2 but whan that she ,was ful avysed1 tho fond she right nought #fje ,of peril1 why she oughte afered be4 ,for man may love1 of possibilitee1 ,a womman so1 his herte may to-breste1 ,and she nought love ayein1 but-if hir leste4 #hh4 ,but as she sat allone and thoughte thus1 #faj ,thascry aroos at skarmish al with-oute1 ,and men cryde in the strete1 'see1 ,troilus ,hath right now put to flight the ,grekes route6' ,with that gan al hir meynee for to shoute1 ',a6 go we see1 caste up the latis wyde2 #fae ,for thurgh this strete he moot to palays ryde2 #hi4 ,for other wey is fro the yate noon ,of ,dardanus1 ther open is the cheyne4' ,with that com he and al his folk anoon ,an esy pas rydinge1 in routes tweyne1 #fbj ,right as his happy day was1 sooth to seyne1 ,for which1 men say1 may nought disturbed be ,that shal bityden of necessitee4 #ij4 ,this ,troilus sat on his baye stede1 ,al armed1 save his heed1 ful richely1 #fbe ,and wounded was his hors1 and gan to blede1 ,on whiche he rood a pas1 ful softely2 ,but swych a knightly sighte1 trewely1 ,as was on him1 was nought1 with-outen faile1 ,to loke on ,mars1 that god is of batayle4 #fcj #ia4 ,so lyk a man of armes and a knight ,he was to seen1 fulfild of heigh prowesse2 ,for bothe he hadde a body and a might ,to doon that thing1 as wel as hardinesse2 ,and eek to seen him in his gere him dresse1 #fce ,so fresh1 so yong1 so weldy semed he1 ,it was an heven up-on him for to see4 #ib4 ,his helm to-hewen was in twenty places1 ,that by a tissew heng1 his bak bihinde1 ,his sheld to-dasshed was with swerdes and maces1 #fdj ,in which men mighte many an arwe finde ,that thirled hadde horn and nerf and rinde2 ,and ay the peple cryde1 'here cometh our ,ioye1 ,and1 next his brother1 holdere up of ,troye6' #ic4 ,for which he wex a litel reed for shame1 #fde ,whan he the peple up-on him herde cryen1 ,that to biholde it was a noble game1 ,how sobreliche he caste doun his yn4 ,cryseyda gan al his chere aspyen1 ,and leet so softe it in hir herte sinke1 #fej ,that to hir-self she seyde1 'who yaf me drinke8' #id4 ,for of hir owene thought she wex al reed1 ,remembringe hir right thus1 'lo1 this is he ,which that myn uncle swereth he moot be deed1 ,but ,i on him have mercy and pitee2' #fee ,and with that thought1 for pure a-shamed1 she ,gan in hir heed to pulle1 and that as faste1 ,whyl he and al the peple for-by paste1 #ie4 ,and gan to caste and rollen up and doun ,with-inne hir thought his excellent prowesse1 #ffj ,and his estat1 and also his renoun1 ,his wit1 his shap1 and eek his gentillesse2 ,but most hir favour was1 for his distresse ,was al for hir1 and thoughte it was a routhe ,to sleen swich oon1 if that he mente trouthe4 #ffe #if4 ,now mighte som envyous ,iangle thus1 ',this was a sodeyn love1 how mighte it be ,that she so lightly lovede ,troilus ,right for the firste sighte2 ye1 pardee8' ,now who-so seyth so1 mote he never thee6 #fgj ,for every thing1 a ginning hath it nede ,er al be wrought1 with-outen any drede4 #ig4 ,for ,i sey nought that she so sodeynly ,yaf him hir love1 but that she gan enclyne ,to lyke him first1 and ,i have told yow why2 #fge ,and after that1 his manhod and his pyne ,made love with-inne hir for to myne1 ,for which1 by proces and by good servyse1 ,he gat hir love1 and in no sodeyn wyse4 #ih4 ,and also blisful ,venus1 wel arayed1 #fhj ,sat in hir seventhe hous of hevene tho1 ,disposed wel1 and with aspectes payed1 ,to helpen sely ,troilus of his wo4 ,and1 sooth to seyn1 she nas nat al a fo ,to ,troilus in his nativitee2 #fhe ,god woot that wel the soner spedde he4 #ii4 ,now lat us stinte of ,troilus a throwe1 ,that rydeth forth1 and lat us tourne faste ,un-to ,criseyde1 that heng hir heed ful lowe1 ,ther-as she sat allone1 and gan to caste #fij ,wher-on she wolde apoynte hir at the laste1 ,if it so were hir eem ne wolde cesse1 ,for ,troilus1 up-on hir for to presse4 #ajj4 ,and1 lord6 so she gan in hir thought argue ,in this matere of which ,i have yow told1 #fie ,and what to doon best were1 and what eschue1 ,that plyted she ful ofte in many fold4 ,now was hir herte warm1 now was it cold1 ,and what she thoughte somwhat shal ,i wryte1 ,as to myn auctor listeth for to endyte4 #gjj #aja4 ,she thoughte wel1 that ,troilus persone ,she knew by sighte and eek his gentillesse1 ,and thus she seyde1 'al were it nought to done1 ,to graunte him love1 yet1 for his worthinesse1 ,it were honour1 with pley and with gladnesse1 #gje ,in honestee1 with swich a lord to dele1 ,for myn estat1 and also for his hele4 #ajb4 ,eek1 wel wot ,i my kinges sone is he2 ,and sith he hath to see me swich delyt1 ,if ,i wolde utterly his sighte flee1 #gaj ,paraunter he mighte have me in dispyt1 ,thurgh which ,i mighte stonde in worse plyt2 ,now were ,i wys1 me hate to purchace1 ,with-outen nede1 ther ,i may stonde in grace8 #ajc4 ,in every thing1 ,i woot1 ther lyth mesure4 #gae ,for though a man forbede dronkenesse1 ,he nought for-bet that every creature ,be drinkelees for alwey1 as ,i gesse2 ,eek sith ,i woot for me is his distresse1 ,i ne oughte not for that thing him despyse1 #gbj ,sith it is so1 he meneth in good wyse4 #ajd4 ,and eek ,i knowe1 of longe tyme agoon1 ,his thewes goode1 and that he is not nyce4 ,ne avauntour1 seyth men1 certein1 is he noon2 ,to wys is he to do so gret a vyce2 #gbe ,ne als ,i nel him never so cheryce1 ,that he may make avaunt1 by ,iuste cause2 ,he shal me never binde in swiche a clause4 #aje4 ,now set a cas1 the hardest is1 y-wis1 ,men mighten deme that he loveth me3 #gcj ,what dishonour were it un-to me1 this8 ,may ,i him lette of that8 why nay1 pardee6 ,i knowe also1 and alday here and see1 ,men loven wommen al this toun aboute2 ,be they the wers8 why1 nay1 with-outen doute4 #gce #ajf4 ,i thenk eek how he able is for to have ,of al this noble toun the thriftieste1 ,to been his love1 so she hir honour save2 ,for out and out he is the worthieste1 ,save only ,ector1 which that is the beste4 #gdj ,and yet his lyf al lyth now in my cure1 ,but swich is love1 and eek myn aventure4 #ajg4 ,ne me to love1 a wonder is it nought2 ,for wel wot ,i my-self1 so god me spede1 ,al wolde ,i that noon wist of this thought1 #gde ,i am oon the fayreste1 out of drede1 ,and goodlieste1 who-so taketh hede2 ,and so men seyn in al the toun of ,troye4 ,what wonder is it though he of me have ,ioye8 #ajh4 ,i am myn owene woman1 wel at ese1 #gej ,i thank it god1 as after myn estat2 ,right yong1 and stonde unteyd in lusty lese1 ,with-outen ,ialousye or swich debat2 ,shal noon housbonde seyn to me chekmat6 ,for either they ben ful of ,ialousye1 #gee ,or maisterful1 or loven novelrye4 #aji4 ,what shal ,i doon8 to what fyn live ,i thus8 ,shal ,i nat loven1 in cas if that me leste8 ,what1 par dieux6 ,i am nought religious6 ,and though that ,i myn herte sette at reste #gfj ,upon this knight1 that is the worthieste1 ,and kepe alwey myn honour and my name1 ,by alle right1 it may do me no shame4' #aaj4 ,but right as whan the sonne shyneth brighte1 ,in ,march1 that chaungeth ofte tyme his face1 #gfe ,and that a cloud is put with wind to flighte ,which over-sprat the sonne as for a space1 ,a cloudy thought gan thorugh hir soule pace1 ,that over-spradde hir brighte thoughtes alle1 ,so that for fere almost she gan to falle4 #ggj #aaa4 ,that thought was this1 'allas6 sin ,i am free1 ,sholde ,i now love1 and putte in ,iupartye ,my sikernesse1 and thrallen libertee8 ,allas6 how dorste ,i thenken that folye8 ,may ,i nought wel in other folk aspye #gge ,hir dredful ,ioye1 hir constreynt1 and hir peyne8 ,ther loveth noon1 that she nath why to pleyne4 #aab4 ,for love is yet the moste stormy lyf1 ,right of him-self1 that ever was bigonne2 ,for ever som mistrust1 or nyce stryf1 #ghj ,ther is in love1 som cloud is over the sonne3 ,ther-to we wrecched wommen no-thing conne1 ,whan us is wo1 but wepe and sitte and thinke2 ,our wreche is this1 our owene wo to drinke4 #aac4 ,also these wikked tonges been so prest #ghe ,to speke us harm1 eek men be so untrewe1 ,that1 right anoon as cessed is hir lest1 ,so cesseth love1 and forth to love a newe3 ,but harm y-doon1 is doon1 who-so it rewe4 ,for though these men for love hem first to-rende1 #gij ,ful sharp biginning breketh ofte at ende4 #aad4 ,how ofte tyme hath it y-knowen be1 ,the treson1 that to womman hath be do8 ,to what fyn is swich love1 ,i can nat see1 ,or wher bicomth it1 whan it is ago2 #gie ,ther is no wight that woot1 ,i trowe so1 ,wher it bycomth2 lo1 no wight on it sporneth2 ,that erst was no-thing1 in-to nought it torneth4 #aae4 ,how bisy1 if ,i love1 eek moste ,i be ,to plesen hem that ,iangle of love1 and demen1 #hjj ,and coye hem1 that they sey non harm of me8 ,for though ther be no cause1 yet hem semen ,al be for harm that folk hir freendes quemen2 ,and who may stoppen every wikked tonge1 ,or soun of belles whyl that they be ronge8' #hje #aaf4 ,and after that1 hir thought bigan to clere1 ,and seyde1 'he which that no-thing under-taketh1 ,no-thing ne acheveth1 be him looth or dere4' ,and with an other thought hir herte quaketh2 ,than slepeth hope1 and after dreed awaketh2 #haj ,now hoot1 now cold2 but thus1 bi-twixen tweye1 ,she rist hir up1 and went hir for to pleye4 #aag4 ,adoun the steyre anoon-right tho she wente ,in-to the gardin1 with hir neces three1 ,and up and doun ther made many a wente1 #hae ,flexippe1 she1 ,tharbe1 and ,antigone1 ,to pleyen1 that it ,ioye was to see2 ,and othere of hir wommen1 a gret route1 ,hir folwede in the gardin al aboute4 #aah4 ,this yerd was large1 and rayled alle the aleyes1 #hbj ,and shadwed wel with blosmy bowes grene1 ,and benched newe1 and sonded alle the weyes1 ,in which she walketh arm in arm bi-twene2 ,til at the laste ,antigone the shene ,gan on a ,troian song to singe clere1 #hbe ,that it an heven was hir voys to here4-- #aai4 ,she seyde1 ',o love1 to whom ,i have and shal ,ben humble subgit1 trewe in myn entente1 ,as ,i best can1 to yow1 lord1 yeve ich al ,for ever-more1 myn hertes lust to rente4 #hcj ,for never yet thy grace no wight sente ,so blisful cause as me1 my lyf to lede ,in alle ,ioye and seurtee1 out of drede4 #abj4 ,ye1 blisful god1 han me so wel beset ,in love1 y-wis1 that al that bereth lyf #hce ,imaginen ne cowde how to ben bet2 ,for1 lord1 with-outen ,ialousye or stryf1 ,i love oon which that is most ententyf ,to serven wel1 unwery or unfeyned1 ,that ever was1 and leest with harm distreyned4 #hdj #aba4 ,as he that is the welle of worthinesse1 ,of trouthe ground1 mirour of goodliheed1 ,of wit ,appollo1 stoon of sikernesse1 ,of vertu rote1 of lust findere and heed1 ,thurgh which is alle sorwe fro me deed1 #hde ,y-wis1 ,i love him best1 so doth he me2 ,now good thrift have he1 wher-so that he be6 #abb4 ,whom sholde ,i thanke but yow1 god of love1 ,of al this blisse1 in which to bathe ,i ginne8 ,and thanked be ye1 lord1 for that ,i love6 #hej ,this is the righte lyf that ,i am inne1 ,to flemen alle manere vyce and sinne3 ,this doth me so to vertu for to entende1 ,that day by day ,i in my wil amende4 #abc4 ,and who-so seyth that for to love is vyce1 #hee ,or thraldom1 though he fele in it distressse1 ,he outher is envyous1 or right nyce1 ,or is unmighty1 for his shrewednesse1 ,to loven2 for swich maner folk1 ,i gesse1 ,defamen love1 as no-thing of him knowe2 #hfj ,they speken1 but they bente never his bowe4 #abd4 ,what is the sonne wers1 of kinde righte1 ,though that a man1 for feblesse of his yn1 ,may nought endure on it to see for brighte8 ,or love the wers1 though wrecches on it cryen8 #hfe ,no wele is worth1 that may no sorwe dryen4 ,and for-thy1 who that hath an heed of verre1 ,fro cast of stones war him in the werre6 #abe4 ,but ,i with al myn herte and al my might1 ,as ,i have seyd1 wol love1 un-to my laste1 #hgj ,my dere herte1 and al myn owene knight1 ,in which myn herte growen is so faste1 ,and his in me1 that it shal ever laste4 ,al dredde ,i first to love him to biginne1 ,now woot ,i wel1 ther is no peril inne4' #hge #abf4 ,and of hir song right with that word she stente1 ,and therwith-al1 'now1 nece1' quod ,criseyde1 ',who made this song with so good entente8' ,antigone answerde anoon1 and seyde1 ',ma dame1 y-wis1 the goodlieste mayde #hhj ,of greet estat in al the toun of ,troye2 ,and let hir lyf in most honour and ,ioye4' #abg4 ',forsothe1 so it semeth by hir song1' ,quod tho ,criseyde1 and gan ther-with to syke1 ,and seyde1 'lord1 is there swich blisse among #hhe ,these lovers1 as they conne faire endyte8' ',ye1 wis1' quod fresh ,antigone the whyte1 ',for alle the folk that han or been on lyve ,ne conne wel the blisse of love discryve4 #abh4 ,but wene ye that every wrecche woot #hij ,the parfit blisse of love8 why1 nay1 y-wis2 ,they wenen al be love1 if oon be hoot2 ,do wey1 do wey1 they woot no-thing of this6 ,men mosten axe at seyntes if it is ,aught fair in hevene2 why8 for they conne telle2 #hie ,and axen fendes1 is it foul in helle4' #abi4 ,criseyde un-to that purpos nought answerde1 ,but seyde1 'y-wis1 it wol be night as faste4' ,but every word which that she of hir herde1 ,she gan to prenten in hir herte faste2 #ijj ,and ay gan love hir lasse for to agaste ,than it dide erst1 and sinken in hir herte1 ,that she wex somwhat able to converte4 #acj4 ,the dayes honour1 and the hevenes y1 ,the nightes fo1 al this clepe ,i the sonne1 #ije ,gan westren faste1 and dounward for to wrye1 ,as he that hadde his dayes cours y-ronne2 ,and whyte thinges wexen dimme and donne ,for lak of light1 and sterres for to appere1 ,that she and al hir folk in wente y-fere4 #iaj #aca4 ,so whan it lyked hir to goon to reste1 ,and voyded weren they that voyden oughte1 ,she seyde1 that to slepe wel hir leste4 ,hir wommen sone til hir bed hir broughte4 ,whan al was hust1 than lay she stille1 and thoughte #iae ,of al this thing the manere and the wyse4 ,reherce it nedeth nought1 for ye ben wyse4 #acb4 ,a nightingale1 upon a cedre grene1 ,under the chambre-wal ther as she lay1 ,ful loude sang ayein the mone shene1 #ibj ,paraunter1 in his briddes wyse1 a lay ,of love1 that made hir herte fresh and gay4 ,that herkned she so longe in good entente1 ,til at the laste the dede sleep hir hente4 #acc4 ,and1 as she sleep1 anoon-right tho hir mette1 #ibe ,how that an egle1 fethered whyt as boon1 ,under hir brest his longe clawes sette1 ,and out hir herte he rente1 and that a-noon1 ,and dide his herte in-to hir brest to goon1 ,of which she nought agroos ne no-thing smerte1 #icj ,and forth he fleigh1 with herte left for herte4 #acd4 ,now lat hir slepe1 and we our tales holde ,of ,troilus1 that is to paleys riden1 ,fro the scarmuch1 of the whiche ,i tolde1 ,and in his chambre sit1 and hath abiden #ice ,til two or three of his messages yeden ,for ,pandarus1 and soughten him ful faste1 ,til they him founde1 and broughte him at the laste4 #ace4 ,this ,pandarus com leping in at ones ,and seide thus1 'who hath ben wel y-bete #idj ,to-day with swerdes1 and with slinge-stones1 ,but ,troilus1 that hath caught him an hete8' ,and gan to ,iape1 and seyde1 'lord1 so ye swete6 ,but rys1 and lat us soupe and go to reste2' ,and he answerde him1 'do we as thee leste4' #ide #acf4 ,with al the haste goodly that they mighte1 ,they spedde hem fro the souper un-to bedde2 ,and every wight out at the dore him dighte1 ,and wher him list upon his wey he spedde2 ,but ,troilus1 that thoughte his herte bledde #iej ,for wo1 til that he herde som tydinge1 ,he seyde1 'freend1 shal ,i now wepe or singe8' #acg4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'ly stille1 and lat me slepe1 ,and don thyn hood1 thy nedes spedde be2 ,and chese1 if thou wolt singe or daunce or lepe2 #iee ,at shorte wordes1 thow shall trowe me4-- ,sire1 my nece wol do wel by thee1 ,and love thee best1 by god and by my trouthe1 ,but lak of pursuit make it in thy slouthe4 #ach4 ,for thus ferforth ,i have thy work bigonne1 #ifj ,fro day to day1 til this day1 by the morwe1 ,hir love of freendship have ,i to thee wonne1 ,and also hath she leyd hir feyth to borwe4 ,algate a foot is hameled of thy sorwe4' ,what sholde ,i lenger sermon of it holde8 #ife ,as ye han herd bifore1 al he him tolde4 #aci4 ,but right as floures1 thorugh the colde of night ,y-closed1 stoupen on hir stalkes lowe1 ,redressen hem a-yein the sonne bright1 ,and spreden on hir kinde cours by rowe2 #igj ,right so gan tho his eyen up to throwe ,this ,troilus1 and seyde1 ',o ,venus dere1 ,thy might1 thy grace1 y-heried be it here6' #adj4 ,and to ,pandare he held up bothe his hondes1 ,and seyde1 'lord1 al thyn be that ,i have2 #ige ,for ,i am hool1 al brosten been my bondes2 ,a thousand ,troians who so that me yave1 ,eche after other1 god so wis me save1 ,ne mighte me so gladen2 lo1 myn herte1 ,it spredeth so for ,ioye1 it wol to-sterte6 #ihj #ada4 ,but lord1 how shal ,i doon1 how shal ,i liven8 ,whan shal ,i next my dere herte see8 ,how shal this longe tyme a-wey be driven1 ,til that thou be ayein at hir fro me8 ,thou mayst answere1 a-byd1 a-byd1 but he #ihe ,that hangeth by the nekke1 sooth to seyne1 ,in grete disese abydeth for the peyne4' #adb4 ',al esily1 now1 for the love of ,marte1' ,quod ,pandarus1 'for every thing hath tyme2 ,so longe abyd til that the night departe2 #iij ,for al so siker as thow lyst here by me1 ,and god toforn1 ,i wol be there at pryme1 ,and for thy werk somwhat as ,i shal seye1 ,or on som other wight this charge leye4 #adc4 ,for pardee1 god wot1 ,i have ever yit #iie ,ben redy thee to serve1 and to this night ,have ,i nought fayned1 but emforth my wit ,don al thy lust1 and shal with al my might4 ,do now as ,i shal seye1 and fare a-right2 ,and if thou nilt1 wyte al thy-self thy care1 #ajjj ,on me is nought along thyn yvel fare4 #add4 ,i woot wel that thow wyser art than ,i ,a thousand fold1 but if ,i were as thou1 ,god helpe me so1 as ,i wolde outrely1 ,right of myn owene hond1 wryte hir right now #ajje ,a lettre1 in which ,i wolde hir tellen how ,i ferde amis1 and hir beseche of routhe2 ,now help thy-self1 and leve it not for slouthe4 #ade4 ,and ,i my-self shal ther-with to hir goon2 ,and whan thou wost that ,i am with hir there1 #ajaj ,worth thou up-on a courser right anoon1 ,ye1 hardily1 right in thy beste gere1 ,and ryd forth by the place1 as nought ne were1 ,and thou shalt finde us1 if ,i may1 sittinge ,at som windowe1 in-to the strete lokinge4 #ajae #adf4 ,and if thee list1 than maystow us saluwe1 ,and up-on me mak thy contenaunce2 ,but1 by thy lyf1 be war and faste eschuwe ,to tarien ought1 god shilde us fro mischaunce6 ,ryd forth thy wey1 and hold thy governaunce2 #ajbj ,and we shal speke of thee som-what1 ,i trowe1 ,whan thou art goon1 to do thyne eres glowe6 #adg4 ,touching thy lettre1 thou art wys y-nough1 ,i woot thow nilt it digneliche endyte2 ,as make it with thise argumentes tough2 #ajbe ,ne scrivenish or craftily thou it wryte2 ,beblotte it with thy teres eek a lyte2 ,and if thou wryte a goodly word al softe1 ,though it be good1 reherce it not to ofte4 #adh4 ,for though the beste harpour upon lyve #ajcj ,wolde on the beste souned ,ioly harpe ,that ever was1 with alle his fingres fyve1 ,touche ay o streng1 or ay o werbul harpe1 ,were his nayles poynted never so sharpe1 ,it shulde maken every wight to dulle1 #ajce ,to here his glee1 and of his strokes fulle4 #adi4 ,ne ,iompre eek no discordaunt thing y-fere1 ,as thus1 to usen termes of phisyk2 ,in loves termes1 hold of thy matere ,the forme alwey1 and do that it be lyk2 #ajdj ,for if a peyntour wolde peynte a pyk ,with asses feet1 and hede it as an ape1 ,it cordeth nought2 so nere it but a ,iape4' #aej4 ,this counseyl lyked wel to ,troilus2 ,but1 as a dreedful lover1 he seyde this3-- #ajde ',allas1 my dere brother ,pandarus1 ,i am ashamed for to wryte1 y-wis1 ,lest of myn innocence ,i seyde a-mis1 ,or that she nolde it for despyt receyve2 ,thanne were ,i deed1 ther mighte it no-thing weyve4' #ajej #aea4 ,to that ,pandare answerde1 'if thee lest1 ,do that ,i seye1 and lat me therwith goon2 ,for by that lord that formed est and west1 ,i hope of it to bringe answere anoon ,right of hir hond1 and if that thou nilt noon1 #ajee ,lat be2 and sory mote he been his lyve1 ,ayeins thy lust that helpeth thee to thryve4' #aeb4 ,quod ,troilus1 ',depardieux1 ,i assente2 ,sin that thee list1 ,i will aryse and wryte2 ,and blisful god preye ich1 with good entente1 #ajfj ,the vyage1 and the lettre ,i shal endyte1 ,so spede it2 and thou1 ,minerva1 the whyte1 ,yif thou me wit my lettre to devyse3' ,and sette him doun1 and wroot right in this wyse4-- #aec4 ,first he gan hir his righte lady calle1 #ajfe ,his hertes lyf1 his lust1 his sorwes leche1 ,his blisse1 and eek this othere termes alle1 ,that in swich cas these loveres alle seche2 ,and in ful humble wyse1 as in his speche1 ,he gan him recomaunde un-to hir grace2 #ajgj ,to telle al how1 it axeth muchel space4 #aed4 ,and after this1 ful lowly he hir prayde ,to be nought wrooth1 though he1 of his folye1 ,so hardy was to hir to wryte1 and seyde1 ,that love it made1 or elles moste he dye1 #ajge ,and pitously gan mercy for to crye2 ,and after that he seyde1 and ley ful loude1 ,him-self was litel worth1 and lesse he coude2 #aee4 ,and that she sholde han his conning excused1 ,that litel was1 and eek he dredde hir so1 #ajhj ,and his unworthinesse he ay acused2 ,and after that1 than gan he telle his wo2 ,but that was endeles1 with-outen ho2 ,and seyde1 he wolde in trouthe alwey him holde2-- ,and radde it over1 and gan the lettre folde4 #ajhe #aef4 ,and with his salte teres gan he bathe ,the ruby in his signet1 and it sette ,upon the wex deliverliche and rathe2 ,ther-with a thousand tymes1 er he lette1 ,he kiste tho the lettre that he shette1 #ajij ,and seyde1 'lettre1 a blisful destenee ,thee shapen is1 my lady shal thee see4' #aeg4 ,this ,pandare took the lettre1 and that by tyme ,a-morwe1 and to his neces paleys sterte1 ,and faste he swoor1 that it was passed pryme1 #ajie ,and gan to ,iape1 and seyde1 'y-wis1 myn herte1 ,so fresh it is1 al-though it sore smerte1 ,i may not slepe never a ,mayes morwe2 ,i have a ,ioly wo1 a lusty sorwe4' #aeh4 ,criseyde1 whan that she hir uncle herde1 #aajj ,with dreedful herte1 and desirous to here ,the cause of his cominge1 thus answerde1 ',now by your feyth1 myn uncle1' quod she1 'dere1 ,what maner windes gydeth yow now here8 ,tel us your ,ioly wo and your penaunce1 #aaje ,how ferforth be ye put in loves daunce4' #aei4 ',by god1' quod he1 ',i hoppe alwey bihinde6' ,and she to-laugh1 it thoughte hir herte breste4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'loke alwey that ye finde ,game in myn hood1 but herkneth1 if yow leste2 #aaaj ,ther is right now come in-to toune a geste1 ,a ,greek espye1 and telleth newe thinges1 ,for which come ,i to telle yow tydinges4 #afj4 ,into the gardin go we1 and we shal here1 ,al prevely1 of this a long sermoun4' #aaae ,with that they wenten arm in arm y-fere ,in-to the gardin from the chaumbre doun4 ,and whan that he so fer was that the soun ,of that he speke1 no man here mighte1 ,he seyde hir thus1 and out the lettre plighte1 #aabj #afa4 ',lo1 he that is al hoolly youres free ,him recomaundeth lowly to your grace1 ,and sent to you this lettre here by me2 ,avyseth you on it1 whan ye han space1 ,and of som goodly answere yow purchace2 #aabe ,or1 helpe me god1 so pleynly for to seyne1 ,he may not longe liven for his peyne4' #afb4 ,ful dredfully tho gan she stonde stille1 ,and took it nought1 but al hir humble chere ,gan for to chaunge1 and seyde1 'scrit ne bille1 #aacj ,for love of god1 that toucheth swich matere1 ,ne bring me noon2 and also1 uncle dere1 ,to myn estat have more reward1 ,i preye1 ,than to his lust2 what sholde ,i more seye8 #afc4 ,and loketh now if this be resonable1 #aace ,and letteth nought1 for favour ne for slouthe1 ,to seyn a sooth2 now were it covenable ,to myn estat1 by god1 and by your trouthe1 ,to taken it1 or to han of him routhe1 ,in harming of my-self or in repreve8 #aadj ,ber it a-yein1 for him that ye on leve6' #afd4 ,this ,pandarus gan on hir for to stare1 ,and seyde1 'now is this the grettest wonder ,that ever ,i sey6 lat be this nyce fare6 ,to deethe mote ,i smiten be with thonder1 #aade ,if1 for the citee which that stondeth yonder1 ,wolde ,i a lettre un-to yow bringe or take ,to harm of yow2 what list yow thus it make8 #afe4 ,but thus ye faren1 wel neigh alle and some1 ,that he that most desireth yow to serve1 #aaej ,of him ye recche leest wher he bicome1 ,and whether that he live or elles sterve4 ,but for al that that ever ,i may deserve1 ,refuse it nought1' quod he1 and hente hir faste1 ,and in hir bosom the lettre doun he thraste1 #aaee #aff4 ,and seyde hir1 'now cast it away anoon1 ,that folk may seen and gauren on us tweye4' ,quod she1 ',i can abyde til they be goon1' ,and gan to smyle1 and seyde him1 'eem1 ,i preye1 ,swich answere as yow list your-self purveye1 #aafj ,for trewely ,i nil no lettre wryte4' ',no8 than wol ,i1' quod he1 'so ye endyte4' #afg4 ,therwith she lough1 and seyde1 'go we dyne4' ,and he gan at him-self to iape faste1 ,and seyde1 'nece1 ,i have so greet a pyne #aafe ,for love1 that every other day ,i faste'-- ,and gan his beste ,iapes forth to caste2 ,and made hir so to laughe at his folye1 ,that she for laughter wende for to dye4 #afh4 ,and whan that she was comen in-to halle1 #aagj ',now1 eem1' quod she1 'we wol go dyne anoon2' ,and gan some of hir women to hir calle1 ,and streyght in-to hir chaumbre gan she goon2 ,but of hir besinesses1 this was oon ,a-monges othere thinges1 out of drede1 #aage ,ful prively this lettre for to rede2 #afi4 ,avysed word by word in every lyne1 ,and fond no lak1 she thoughte he coude good2 ,and up it putte1 and went hir in to dyne4 ,and ,pandarus1 that in a study stood1 #aahj ,er he was war1 she took him by the hood1 ,and seyde1 'ye were caught er that ye wiste2' ',i vouche sauf1' quod he1 'do what yow liste4' #agj4 ,tho wesshen they1 and sette hem doun and ete2 ,and after noon ful sleyly ,pandarus #aahe ,gan drawe him to the window next the strete1 ,and seyde1 'nece1 who hath arayed thus ,the yonder hous1 that stant afor-yeyn us8' ',which hous8' quod she1 and gan for to biholde1 ,and knew it wel1 and whos it was him tolde1 #aaij #aga4 ,and fillen forth in speche of thinges smale1 ,and seten in the window bothe tweye4 ,whan ,pandarus saw tyme un-to his tale1 ,and saw wel that hir folk were alle aweye1 ',now1 nece myn1 tel on1' quod he1 ',i seye1 #aaie ,how lyketh yow the lettre that ye woot8 ,can he ther-on8 for1 by my trouthe1 ,i noot4' #agb4 ,therwith al rosy hewed tho wex she1 ,and gan to humme1 and seyde1 'so ,i trowe4' ',aquyte him wel1 for goddes love1' quod he2 #abjj ',my-self to medes wol the lettre sowe1' ,and held his hondes up1 and sat on knowe1 ',now1 goode nece1 be it never so lyte1 ,yif me the labour1 it to sowe and plyte4' #agc4 ',ye1 for ,i can so wryte1' quod she tho2 #abje ',and eek ,i noot what ,i sholde to him seye4' ',nay1 nece1' quod ,pandare1 'sey not so2 ,yet at the leste thanketh him1 ,i preye1 ,of his good wil1 and doth him not to deye4 ,now for the love of me1 my nece dere1 #abaj ,refuseth not at this tyme my preyere4' #agd4 ',depar-dieux1' quod she1 'god leve al be wel6 ,god helpe me so1 this is the firste lettre ,that ever ,i wroot1 ye1 al or any del4' ,and in-to a closet1 for to avyse hir bettre1 #abae ,she wente allone1 and gan hir herte unfettre ,out of disdaynes prison but a lyte2 ,and sette hir doun1 and gan a lettre wryte1 #age4 ,of which to telle in short is myn entente ,theffect1 as fer as ,i can understonde3-- #abbj ,she thonked him of al that he wel mente ,towardes hir1 but holden him in honde ,she nolde nought1 ne make hir-selven bonde ,in love1 but as his suster1 him to plese1 ,she wolde fayn1 to doon his herte an ese4 #abbe #agf4 ,she shette it1 and to ,pandarus gan goon1 ,there as he sat and loked in-to strete1 ,and doun she sette hir by him on a stoon ,of ,iaspre1 up-on a quisshin gold y-bete1 ,and seyde1 'as wisly helpe me god the grete1 #abcj ,i never dide a thing with more peyne ,than wryte this1 to which ye me constreyne2' #agg4 ,and took it him3 he thonked hir and seyde1 ',god woot1 of thing ful ofte looth bigonne ,cometh ende good2 and nece myn1 ,criseyde1 #abce ,that ye to him of hard now ben y-wonne ,oughte he be glad1 by god and yonder sonne6 ,for-why men seyth1 impressiounes lighte ,ful lightly been ay redy to the flighte4 #agh4 ,but ye han pleyed tyraunt neigh to longe1 #abdj ,and hard was it your herte for to grave2 ,now stint1 that ye no longer on it honge1 ,al wolde ye the forme of daunger save4 ,but hasteth yow to doon him ,ioye have2 ,for trusteth wel1 to longe y-doon hardnesse #abde ,causeth despyt ful often1 for distresse4' #agi4 ,and right as they declamed this matere1 ,lo1 ,troilus1 right at the stretes ende1 ,com ryding with his tenthe some y-fere1 ,al softely1 and thiderward gan bende #abej ,ther-as they sete1 as was his wey to wende ,to paleys-ward2 and ,pandare him aspyde1 ,and seyde1 'nece1 y-see who cometh here ryde6 #ahj4 ,o flee not in1 he seeth us1 ,i suppose2 ,lest he may thinke that ye him eschuwe4' #abee ',nay1 nay1' quod she1 and wex as reed as rose4 ,with that he gan hir humbly to saluwe1 ,with dreedful chere1 and ofte his hewes muwe2 ,and up his look debonairly he caste1 ,and bekked on ,pandare1 and forth he paste4 #abfj #aha4 ,god woot if he sat on his hors a-right1 ,or goodly was beseyn1 that ilke day6 ,god woot wher he was lyk a manly knight6 ,what sholde ,i drecche1 or telle of his aray8 ,criseyde1 which that alle these thinges say1 #abfe ,to telle in short1 hir lyked al y-fere1 ,his persone1 his aray1 his look1 his chere1 #ahb4 ,his goodly manere and his gentillesse1 ,so wel1 that never1 sith that she was born1 ,ne hadde she swich routhe of his distresse2 #abgj ,and how-so she hath hard ben her-biforn1 ,to god hope ,i1 she hath now caught a thorn4 ,she shal not pulle it out this nexte wyke2 ,god sende mo swich thornes on to pyke6 #ahc4 ,pandare1 which that stood hir faste by1 #abge ,felte iren hoot1 and he bigan to smyte1 ,and seyde1 'nece1 ,i pray yow hertely1 ,tel me that ,i shal axen yow a lyte4 ,a womman1 that were of his deeth to wyte1 ,with-outen his gilt1 but for hir lakked routhe1 #abhj ,were it wel doon8' ,quod she1 'nay1 by my trouthe6' #ahd4 ',god helpe me so1' quod he1 'ye sey me sooth4 ,ye felen wel your-self that ,i not lye2 ,lo1 yond he rit6' ,quod she1 'ye1 so he dooth4' ',wel1' quod ,pandare1 'as ,i have told yow thrye1 #abhe ,lat be your nyce shame and your folye1 ,and spek with him in esing of his herte2 ,lat nycetee not do yow bothe smerte4' #ahe4 ,but ther-on was to heven and to done2 ,considered al thing1 it may not be2 #abij ,and why1 for shame2 and it were eek to sone ,to graunten him so greet a libertee4 ',for playnly hir entente1' as seyde she1 ,was for to love him unwist1 if she mighte1 ,and guerdon him with no-thing but with sighte4' #abie #ahf4 ,but ,pandarus thoughte1 'it shal not be so1 ,if that ,i may2 this nyce opinioun ,shal not be holden fully yeres two4' ,what sholde ,i make of this a long sermoun8 ,he moste assente on that conclusioun #acjj ,as for the tyme2 and whan that it was eve1 ,and al was wel1 he roos and took his leve4 #ahg4 ,and on his wey ful faste homward he spedde1 ,and right for ,ioye he felte his herte daunce2 ,and ,troilus he fond alone a-bedde1 #acje ,that lay as dooth these loveres1 in a traunce1 ,bitwixen hope and derk desesperaunce4 ,but ,pandarus1 right at his in-cominge1 ,he song1 as who seyth1 'lo6 sumwhat ,i bringe4' #ahh4 ,and seyde1 'who is in his bed so sone #acaj ,y-buried thus8' ',it am ,i1 freend1' quod he4 ',who1 ,troilus8 nay helpe me so the mone1' ,quod ,pandarus1 'thou shalt aryse and see ,a charme that was sent right now to thee1 ,the which can helen thee of thyn accesse1 #acae ,if thou do forth-with al thy besinesse4' #ahi4 ',ye1 through the might of god6' quod ,troilus4 ,and ,pandarus gan him the lettre take1 ,and seyde1 'pardee1 god hath holpen us2 ,have here a light1 and loke on al this blake4' #acbj ,but ofte gan the herte glade and quake ,of ,troilus1 whyl that he gan it rede1 ,so as the wordes yave him hope or drede4 #aij4 ,but fynally1 he took al for the beste ,that she him wroot1 for sumwhat he biheld #acbe ,on which1 him thoughte1 he mighte his herte reste1 ,al covered she the wordes under sheld4 ,thus to the more worthy part he held1 ,that1 what for hope and ,pandarus biheste1 ,his grete wo for-yede he at the leste4 #accj #aia4 ,but as we may alday our-selven see1 ,through more wode or col1 the more fyr2 ,right so encrees of hope1 of what it be1 ,therwith ful ofte encreseth eek desyr2 ,or1 as an ook cometh of a litel spyr1 #acce ,so through this lettre1 which that she him sente1 ,encresen gan desyr1 of which he brente4 #aib4 ,wherfore ,i seye alwey1 that day and night ,this ,troilus gan to desiren more ,than he dide erst1 thurgh hope1 and dide his might #acdj ,to pressen on1 as by ,pandarus lore1 ,and wryten to hir of his sorwes sore ,fro day to day2 he leet it not refreyde1 ,that by ,pandare he wroot somwhat or seyde2 #aic4 ,and dide also his othere observaunces #acde ,that to a lovere longeth in this cas2 ,and1 after that these dees turnede on chaunces1 ,so was he outher glad or seyde 'allas6' ,and held after his gestes ay his pas2 ,and aftir swiche answeres as he hadde1 #acej ,so were his dayes sory outher gladde4 #aid4 ,but to ,pandare alwey was his recours1 ,and pitously gan ay til him to pleyne1 ,and him bisoughte of rede and som socours2 ,and ,pandarus1 that sey his wode peyne1 #acee ,wex wel neigh deed for routhe1 sooth to seyne1 ,and bisily with al his herte caste ,som of his wo to sleen1 and that as faste2 #aie4 ,and seyde1 'lord1 and freend1 and brother dere1 ,god woot that thy disese dooth me wo4 #acfj ,but woltow stinten al this woful chere1 ,and1 by my trouthe1 or it be dayes two1 ,and god to-forn1 yet shal ,i shape it so1 ,that thou shalt come in-to a certayn place1 ,ther-as thou mayst thy-self hir preye of grace4 #acfe #aif4 ,and certainly1 ,i noot if thou it wost1 ,but tho that been expert in love it seye1 ,it is oon of the thinges that furthereth most1 ,a man to have a leyser for to preye1 ,and siker place his wo for to biwreye2 #acgj ,for in good herte it moot som routhe impresse1 ,to here and see the giltles in distresse4 #aig4 ,paraunter thenkestow3 though it be so ,that kinde wolde doon hir to biginne ,to han a maner routhe up-on my wo1 #acge ,seyth ,daunger1 ,nay1 thou shalt me never winne2 ,so reuleth hir hir hertes goost with-inne1 ,that1 though she bende1 yet she stant on rote2 ,what in effect is this un-to my bote8 #aih4 ,thenk here-ayeins1 whan that the sturdy ook1 #achj ,on which men hakketh ofte1 for the nones1 ,receyved hath the happy falling strook1 ,the grete sweigh doth it come al at ones1 ,as doon these rokkes or these milne-stones4 ,for swifter cours cometh thing that is of wighte1 #ache ,whan it descendeth1 than don thinges lighte4 #aii4 ,and reed that boweth doun for every blast1 ,ful lightly1 cesse wind1 it wol aryse2 ,but so nil not an ook whan it is cast2 ,it nedeth me nought thee longe to forbyse4 #acij ,men shal reioysen of a greet empryse ,acheved wel1 and stant with-outen doute1 ,al han men been the lenger ther-aboute4 #bjj4 ,but1 ,troilus1 yet tel me1 if thee lest1 ,a thing now which that ,i shal axen thee2 #acie ,which is thy brother that thou lovest best ,as in thy verray hertes privetee8' ',y-wis1 my brother ,deiphebus1' quod he4 ',now1' quod ,pandare1 'er houres twyes twelve1 ,he shal thee ese1 unwist of it him-selve4 #adjj #bja4 ,now lat me allone1 and werken as ,i may1' ,quod he2 and to ,deiphebus wente he tho ,which hadde his lord and grete freend ben ay2 ,save ,troilus1 no man he lovede so4 ,to telle in short1 with-outen wordes mo1 #adje ,quod ,pandarus1 ',i pray yow that ye be ,freend to a cause which that toucheth me4' #bjb4 ',yis1 pardee1' quod ,deiphebus1 'wel thow wost1 ,in al that ever ,i may1 and god to-fore1 ,al nere it but for man ,i love most1 #adaj ,my brother ,troilus2 but sey wherfore ,it is2 for sith that day that ,i was bore1 ,i nas1 ne never-mo to been ,i thinke1 ,ayeins a thing that mighte thee for-thinke4' #bjc4 ,pandare gan him thonke1 and to him seyde1 #adae ',lo1 sire1 ,i have a lady in this toun1 ,that is my nece1 and called is ,criseyde1 ,which som men wolden doon oppressioun1 ,and wrongfully have hir possessioun3 ,wherfor ,i of your lordship yow biseche #adbj ,to been our freend1 with-oute more speche4' #bjd4 ,deiphebus him answerde1 ',o1 is not this1 ,that thow spekest of to me thus straungely1 ,crisyda1 my freend8' ,he seyde1 ',yis4' ',than nedeth1' quod ,deiphebus hardely1 #adbe ',na-more to speke1 for trusteth wel1 that ,i ,wol be hir champioun with spore and yerde2 ,i roughte nought though alle hir foos it herde4 #bje4 ,but tel me1 thou that woost al this matere1 ,how ,i might best avaylen8 now lat see4' #adcj ,quod ,pandarus1 'if ye1 my lord so dere1 ,wolden as now don this honour to me1 ,to prayen hir to-morwe1 lo1 that she ,com un-to yow hir pleyntes to devyse1 ,hir adversaries wolde of hit agryse4 #adce #bjf4 ,and if ,i more dorste preye as now1 ,and chargen yow to have so greet travayle1 ,to han som of your bretheren here with yow1 ,that mighten to hir cause bet avayle1 ,than1 woot ,i wel1 she mighte never fayle #addj ,for to be holpen1 what at your instaunce1 ,what with hir othere freendes governaunce4' #bjg4 ,deiphebus1 which that comen was1 of kinde1 ,to al honour and bountee to consente1 ,answerde1 'it shal be doon2 and ,i can finde #adde ,yet gretter help to this in myn entente4 ,what wolt thow seyn1 if ,i for ,eleyne sente ,to speke of this8 ,i trowe it be the beste2 ,for she may leden ,paris as hir leste4 #bjh4 ,of ,ector1 which that is my lord1 my brother1 #adej ,it nedeth nought to preye him freend to be2 ,for ,i have herd him1 o tyme and eek other1 ,speke of ,criseyde swich honour1 that he ,may seyn no bet1 swich hap to him hath she4 ,it nedeth nought his helpes for to crave2 #adee ,he shal be swich1 right as we wole him have4 #bji4 ,spek thou thy-self also to ,troilus ,on my bihalve1 and pray him with us dyne4' ',sire1 al this shal be doon1' quod ,pandarus2 ,and took his leve1 and never gan to fyne1 #adfj ,but to his neces hous1 as streyt as lyne1 ,he com2 and fond hir fro the mete aryse2 ,and sette him doun1 and spak right in this wyse4 #baj4 ,he seyde1 ',o veray god1 so have ,i ronne6 ,lo1 nece myn1 see ye nought how ,i swete8 #adfe ,i noot whether ye the more thank me conne4 ,be ye nought war how that fals ,poliphete ,is now aboute eft-sones for to plete1 ,and bringe on yow advocacys newe8' ',i8 no1' quod she1 and chaunged al hir hewe4 #adgj #baa4 ',what is he more aboute1 me to drecche ,and doon me wrong8 what shal ,i do1 allas8 ,yet of him-self no-thing ne wolde ,i recche1 ,nere it for ,antenor and ,eneas1 ,that been his freendes in swich maner cas2 #adge ,but1 for the love of god1 myn uncle dere1 ,no fors of that1 lat him have al y-fere2 #bab4 ,with-outen that1 ,i have ynough for us4' ',nay1' quod ,pandare1 'it shal no-thing be so4 ,for ,i have been right now at ,deiphebus1 #adhj ,and ,ector1 and myne othere lordes mo1 ,and shortly maked eche of hem his fo2 ,that1 by my thrift1 he shal it never winne ,for ought he can1 whan that so he biginne4' #bac4 ,and as they casten what was best to done1 #adhe ,deiphebus1 of his owene curtasye1 ,com hir to preye1 in his propre persone1 ,to holde him on the morwe companye ,at diner1 which she nolde not denye1 ,but goodly gan to his preyere obeye4 #adij ,he thonked hir1 and wente up-on his weye4 #bad4 ,whanne this was doon1 this ,pandare up a-noon1 ,to telle in short1 and forth gan for to wende ,to ,troilus1 as stille as any stoon1 ,and al this thing he tolde him1 word and ende2 #adie ,and how that he ,deiphebus gan to blende2 ,and seyde him1 'now is tyme1 if that thou conne1 ,to bere thee wel to-morwe1 and al is wonne4 #bae4 ,now spek1 now prey1 now pitously compleyne2 ,lat not for nyce shame1 or drede1 or slouthe2 #aejj ,som-tyme a man mot telle his owene peyne2 ,bileve it1 and she shal han on thee routhe2 ,thou shalt be saved by thy feyth1 in trouthe4 ,but wel wot ,i1 thou art now in a drede2 ,and what it is1 ,i leye1 ,i can arede4 #aeje #baf4 ,thow thinkest now1 how sholde ,i doon al this8 ,for by my cheres mosten folk aspye1 ,that for hir love is that ,i fare a-mis2 ,yet hadde ,i lever unwist for sorwe dye4 ,now thenk not so1 for thou dost greet folye4 #aeaj ,for right now have ,i founden o manere ,of sleighte1 for to coveren al thy chere4 #bag4 ,thow shall gon over night1 and that as blyve1 ,un-to ,deiphebus hous1 as thee to pleye1 ,thy maladye a-wey the bet to dryve1 #aeae ,for-why thou semest syk1 soth for to seye4 ,sone after that1 doun in thy bed thee leye1 ,and sey1 thow mayst no lenger up endure1 ,and lye right there1 and byde thyn aventure4 #bah4 ,sey that thy fever is wont thee for to take #aebj ,the same tyme1 and lasten til a-morwe2 ,and lat see now how wel thou canst it make1 ,for1 par-dee1 syk is he that is in sorwe4 ,go now1 farewel6 and1 ,venus here to borwe1 ,i hope1 and thou this purpos holde ferme1 #aebe ,thy grace she shal fully ther conferme4' #bai4 ,quod ,troilus1 'y-wis1 thou nedelees ,counseylest me1 that sykliche ,i me feyne6 ,for ,i am syk in ernest1 doutelees1 ,so that wel neigh ,i sterve for the peyne4' #aecj ,quod ,pandarus1 'thou shalt the bettre pleyne1 ,and hast the lasse nede to countrefete2 ,for him men demen hoot that men seen swete4 #bbj4 ,lo1 holde thee at thy triste cloos1 and ,i ,shal wel the deer un-to thy bowe dryve4' #aece ,therwith he took his leve al softely1 ,and ,troilus to paleys wente blyve4 ,so glad ne was he never in al his lyve2 ,and to ,pandarus reed gan al assente1 ,and to ,deiphebus hous at night he wente4 #aedj #bba4 ,what nedeth yow to tellen al the chere ,that ,deiphebus un-to his brother made1 ,or his accesse1 or his syklych manere1 ,how men gan him with clothes for to lade1 ,whan he was leyd1 and how men wolde him glade8 #aede ,but al for nought1 he held forth ay the wyse ,that ye han herd ,pandare er this devyse4 #bbb4 ,but certeyn is1 er ,troilus him leyde1 ,deiphebus had him prayed1 over night1 ,to been a freend and helping to ,criseyde4 #aeej ,god woot1 that he it grauntede anon-right1 ,to been hir fulle freend with al his might4 ,but swich a nede was to preye him thenne1 ,as for to bidde a wood man for to renne4 #bbc4 ,the morwen com1 and neighen gan the tyme #aeee ,of meel-tyd1 that the faire quene ,eleyne ,shoop hir to been1 an houre after the pryme1 ,with ,deiphebus1 to whom she nolde feyne2 ,but as his suster1 hoomly1 sooth to seyne1 ,she com to diner in hir playn entente4 #aefj ,but god and ,pandare wiste al what this mente4 #bbd4 ,come eek ,criseyde1 al innocent of this1 ,antigone1 hir sister ,tarbe also2 ,but flee we now prolixitee best is1 ,for love of god1 and lat us faste go #aefe ,right to the effect1 with-oute tales mo1 ,why al this folk assembled in this place2 ,and lat us of hir saluinges pace4 #bbe4 ,gret honour dide hem ,deiphebus1 certeyn1 ,and fedde hem wel with al that mighte lyke4 #aegj ,but ever-more1 'allas6' was his refreyn1 ',my goode brother ,troilus1 the syke1 ,lyth yet'--and therwith-al he gan to syke2 ,and after that1 he peyned him to glade ,hem as he mighte1 and chere good he made4 #aege #bbf4 ,compleyned eek ,eleyne of his syknesse ,so feithfully1 that pitee was to here1 ,and every wight gan waxen for accesse ,a leche anoon1 and seyde1 'in this manere ,men curen folk2 this charme ,i wol yow lere4' #aehj ,but there sat oon1 al list hir nought to teche1 ,that thoughte1 best coude ,i yet been his leche4 #bbg4 ,after compleynt1 him gonnen they to preyse1 ,as folk don yet1 whan som wight hath bigonne ,to preyse a man1 and up with prys him reyse #aehe ,a thousand fold yet hyer than the sonne3-- ',he is1 he can1 that fewe lordes conne4' ,and ,pandarus1 of that they wolde afferme1 ,he not for-gat hir preysing to conferme4 #bbh4 ,herde al this thing ,criseyde wel y-nough1 #aeij ,and every word gan for to notifye2 ,for which with sobre chere hir herte lough2 ,for who is that ne wolde hir glorifye1 ,to mowen swich a knight don live or dye8 ,but al passe ,i1 lest ye to longe dwelle2 #aeie ,for for o fyn is al that ever ,i telle4 #bbi4 ,the tyme com1 fro diner for to ryse1 ,and1 as hem oughte1 arisen everychoon1 ,and gonne a while of this and that devyse4 ,but ,pandarus brak al this speche anoon1 #afjj ,and seyde to ,deiphebus1 'wole ye goon1 ,if your wille be1 as ,i yow preyde1 ,to speke here of the nedes of ,criseyde8' #bcj4 ,eleyne1 which that by the hond hir held1 ,took first the tale1 and seyde1 'go we blyve2' #afje ,and goodly on ,criseyde she biheld1 ,and seyde1 ',ioves lat him never thryve1 ,that dooth yow harm1 and bringe him sone of lyve6 ,and yeve me sorwe1 but he shal it rewe1 ,if that ,i may1 and alle folk be trewe4' #afaj #bca4 ',tel thou thy neces cas1' quod ,deiphebus ,to ,pandarus1 'for thou canst best it telle4'-- ',my lordes and my ladyes1 it stant thus2 ,what sholde ,i lenger1' quod he1 'do yow dwelle8' ,he rong hem out a proces lyk a belle1 #afae ,up-on hir fo1 that highte ,poliphete1 ,so hynous1 that men mighte on it spete4 #bcb4 ,answerde of this ech worse of hem than other1 ,and ,poliphete they gonnen thus to warien1 ',an-honged be swich oon1 were he my brother2 #afbj ,and so he shal1 for it ne may not varien4' ,what sholde ,i lenger in this tale tarien8 ,pleynly1 alle at ones1 they hir highten1 ,to been hir helpe in al that ever they mighten4 #bcc4 ,spak than ,eleyne1 and seyde1 ',pandarus1 #afbe ,woot ought my lord1 my brother1 this matere1 ,i mene1 ,ector8 or woot it ,troilus8' ,he seyde1 'ye1 but wole ye now me here8 ,me thinketh this1 sith ,troilus is here1 ,it were good1 if that ye wolde assente1 #afcj ,she tolde hir-self him al this1 er she wente4 #bcd4 ,for he wole have the more hir grief at herte1 ,by cause1 lo1 that she a lady is2 ,and1 by your leve1 ,i wol but right in sterte1 ,and do yow wite1 and that anoon1 y-wis1 #afce ,if that he slepe1 or wole ought here of this4' ,and in he lepte1 and seyde him in his ere1 ',god have thy soule1 y-brought have ,i thy bere6' #bce4 ,to smylen of this gan tho ,troilus1 ,and ,pandarus1 with-oute rekeninge1 #afdj ,out wente anoon to ,eleyne and ,deiphebus1 ,and seyde hem1 'so there be no taryinge1 ,ne more pres1 he wol wel that ye bringe ,crisyda1 my lady1 that is here2 ,and as he may enduren1 he wole here4 #afde #bcf4 ,but wel ye woot1 the chaumbre is but lyte1 ,and fewe folk may lightly make it warm2 ,now loketh ye1 7for ,i wol have no wyte1 ,to bringe in prees that mighte doon him harm ,or him disesen1 for my bettre arm71 #afej ,wher it be bet she byde til eft-sones2 ,now loketh ye1 that knowen what to doon is4 #bcg4 ,i sey for me1 best is1 as ,i can knowe1 ,that no wight in ne wente but ye tweye1 ,but it were ,i1 for ,i can1 in a throwe1 #afee ,reherce hir cas1 unlyk that she can seye2 ,and after this1 she may him ones preye ,to ben good lord1 in short1 and take hir leve2 ,this may not muchel of his ese him reve4 #bch4 ,and eek1 for she is straunge1 he wol forbere #affj ,his ese1 which that him thar nought for yow2 ,eek other thing1 that toucheth not to here1 ,he wol me telle1 ,i woot it wel right now1 ,that secret is1 and for the tounes prow4' ,and they1 that no-thing knewe of this entente1 #affe ,with-oute more1 to ,troilus in they wente4 #bci4 ,eleyne in al hir goodly softe wyse1 ,gan him saluwe1 and womanly to pleye1 ,and seyde1 'ywis1 ye moste alweyes aryse6 ,now fayre brother1 beth al hool1 ,i preye6' #afgj ,and gan hir arm right over his sholder leye1 ,and him with al hir wit to recomforte2 ,as she best coude1 she gan him to disporte4 #bdj4 ,so after this quod she1 'we yow biseke1 ,my dere brother1 ,deiphebus1 and ,i1 #afge ,for love of god1 and so doth ,pandare eke1 ,to been good lord and freend1 right hertely1 ,un-to ,criseyde1 which that certeinly ,receyveth wrong1 as woot wel here ,pandare1 ,that can hir cas wel bet than ,i declare4' #afhj #bda4 ,this ,pandarus gan newe his tunge affyle1 ,and al hir cas reherce1 and that anoon2 ,whan it was seyd1 sone after1 in a whyle1 ,quod ,troilus1 'as sone as ,i may goon1 ,i wol right fayn with al my might ben oon1 #afhe ,have god my trouthe1 hir cause to sustene4' ',good thrift have ye1' quod ,eleyne the quene4 #bdb4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'and it your wille be1 ,that she may take hir leve1 er that she go8' ',or elles god for-bede1' tho quod he1 #afij ',if that she vouche sauf for to do so4' ,and with that word quod ,troilus1 'ye two1 ,deiphebus1 and my suster leef and dere1 ,to yow have ,i to speke of o matere1 #bdc4 ,to been avysed by your reed the bettre'3-- #afie ,and fond1 as hap was1 at his beddes heed1 ,the copie of a tretis and a lettre1 ,that ,ector hadde him sent to axen reed1 ,if swich a man was worthy to ben deed1 ,woot ,i nought who2 but in a grisly wyse #agjj ,he preyede hem anoon on it avyse4 #bdd4 ,deiphebus gan this lettre to unfolde ,in ernest greet2 so dide ,eleyne the quene2 ,and rominge outward1 fast it gan biholde1 ,downward a steyre1 in-to an herber grene4 #agje ,this ilke thing they redden hem bi-twene2 ,and largely1 the mountaunce of an houre1 ,they gonne on it to reden and to poure4 #bde4 ,now lat hem rede1 and turne we anoon ,to ,pandarus1 that gan ful faste prye #agaj ,that al was wel1 and out he gan to goon ,in-to the grete chambre1 and that in hye1 ,and seyde1 'god save al this companye6 ,com1 nece myn2 my lady quene ,eleyne ,abydeth yow1 and eek my lordes tweyne4 #agae #bdf4 ,rys1 take with yow your nece ,antigone1 ,or whom yow list1 or no fors1 hardily2 ,the lasse prees1 the bet2 com forth with me1 ,and loke that ye thonke humblely ,hem alle three1 and1 whan ye may goodly #agbj ,your tyme y-see1 taketh of hem your leve1 ,lest we to longe his restes him bireve4' #bdg4 ,al innocent of ,pandarus entente1 ,quod tho ,criseyde1 'go we1 uncle dere'2 ,and arm in arm inward with him she wente1 #agbe ,avysed wel hir wordes and hir chere2 ,and ,pandarus1 in ernestful manere1 ,seyde1 'alle folk1 for goddes love1 ,i preye1 ,stinteth right here1 and softely yow pleye4 #bdh4 ,aviseth yow what folk ben here with-inne1 #agcj ,and in what plyt oon is1 god him amende6 ,and inward thus ful softely biginne2 ,nece1 ,i coniure and heighly yow defende1 ,on his half1 which that sowle us alle sende1 ,and in the vertue of corounes tweyne1 #agce ,slee nought this man1 that hath for yow this peyne6 #bdi4 ,fy on the devel6 thenk which oon he is1 ,and in what plyt he lyth2 com of anoon2 ,thenk al swich taried tyd1 but lost it nis6 ,that wol ye bothe seyn1 whan ye ben oon4 #agdj ,secoundelich1 ther yet devyneth noon ,up-on yow two2 com of now1 if ye conne2 ,whyl folk is blent1 lo1 al the tyme is wonne6 #bej4 ,in titering1 and pursuite1 and delayes1 ,the folk devyne at wagginge of a stree2 #agde ,and though ye wolde han after merye dayes1 ,than dar ye nought1 and why8 for she1 and she ,spak swich a word2 thus loked he1 and he2 ,lest tyme ,i loste1 ,i dar not with yow dele2 ,com of therfore1 and bringeth him to hele4' #agej #bea4 ,but now to yow1 ye lovers that ben here1 ,was ,troilus nought in a cankedort1 ,that lay1 and mighte whispringe of hem here1 ,and thoughte1 ',o lord1 right now renneth my sort ,fully to dye1 or han anoon comfort'2 #agee ,and was the firste tyme he shulde hir preye ,of love2 ,o mighty god1 what shal he seye8 ,,explicit ,,secundus ,,liber4 ,,rubric4 ,so ,cp4 ,h4 #a-hd4 ,lost in ,cm4 #d4 ,ed4 connyng2 ,h4 coniynge7672 ,cl4 ,h#b4 comynge2 ,cp4 comyng4 #f4 ,cp4 desespeir2 ,h4 desespeyre2 ,cl4 desper4 #h4 ,h#b4 ,clyo2 rest ,cleo4 #aa4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 om4 other4 #ae4 ,cl4 nel4 #ag4 ,h4 ,desblameth4 #ba4 can nat ,cl4 ne kan4 #be4 ,h4 ,ed4 thynketh2 ,cl4 ,cp4 thenketh4 #cg4 ,cl4 al o2 rest om44 al4 #ch4 ,h4 ,ed4 gamen2 rest game4 #ci4 ,cl4 om4 that4 #dj4 ,ed4 open2 rest opyn4 #da4 ,h#b4 seying2 rest seyde4 #db4 ,cl4 seyth4 #df4 ,h#b4 to me2 rest thee4 #di4 ,h4 ,cp4 folwen2 ,cl4 folwe4 #ee4 ,cl4 so it4 #eh4 ,h#b4 shottis2 ,ed4 shottes2 ,cl4 ,h4 shotes4 #ei4 ,cl4 om4 of loving4 #fa4 fil ,cl4 felt7674 #fd4 ,h4 ,proignee4 #fh4 ,cl4 hym so neigh4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 cheterynge2 ,h4 ,h#b4 chiteringe4 #fi4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 ,thereus 7for ,tereus72 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,tireux2 ,h4 ,tryeux4 #gc4 his ,cl4 e4 #ge4 ,cl4 tok weye soone4 #gi4 ,cl4 vn-to4 #hj4 ,cl4 in forth4 #ha4 ,cl4 sette2 ,cp4 ,h4 sete2 ,h#b4 sate4 #hd4 ,so all4 #hf4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 faire book2 rest om4 faire4 #ij4 ,h4 ,cm4 goode2 ,cl4 good4 ,h4 ,cm4 mote2 ,cl4 mot4 #id4 ,cl4 om4 that4 #ie4 ,h4 herknen2 rest herken 7herkyn74 #ig4 ,cp4 ,h4 o2 ,cm4 ,ed4 or2 ,cl4 om4 ,h#b4 ,is it of love1 some good ye may me lere4 #ii4 ,cl4 om4 tho4 #aja4 ,cl4 that the2 rest om4 the4 #ajb4 ,all ,edippus4 #ajd4 ,so all4 #ajg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 thassege4 ,cl4 al the care2 rest om4 al4 #aaj4 barbe ,cm4 wimpil4 #aac4 ,cl4 ,a2 ,ed4 ,eighe2 rest ,i4 #aae4 ,so ,cp4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,ed42 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ye makyn me be iouys sore adradde 7a-drad74 #aaf4 as ,cl4 that4 #aag4 ,h4 ,h#b4 sate2 ,cp4 satte2 rest sat2 read sete4 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 a4 #abj4 ,cl4 ,i thriue2 om4 this4 #abc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 thassege2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 the sege4 #abd4 ,cp4 fered4 #abf4 ,so ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 ,ed42 ,cm4 better 7for wel bet72 ,cl4 corrupt2 see l4 #abh4 #abh4 ,ed4 eighe 7better ey72 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,i4 #aca4 ,cl4 om4 vs4 #acd4 ,h#b4 borow2 ,cm4 borw2 ,cp4 ,h4 borugh2 ,ed4 borowe2 ,cl4 bourgh4 #ach4 ,cl4 were2 rest is4 #ada4 wondren ,cl4 ,iape4 #aee4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 it2 rest om4 #aei4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 euery2 ,cl4 ,h4 al2 ,cp4 alle4 #afj4 ,h#b4 ,in2 rest ,as 7usually with al74 #afd4 ,cl4 trewly2 ,cp4 ,h4 trewelich2 ,cm4 trewely4 #agf4 ,cm4 nought2 ,h#b4 no thing 7om4 for72 rest no more4 #agg4 ,h4 ,cm4 ther2 ,cl4 ner4 #agi4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 than2 ,cl4 that4 #ahe4 ,h4 ,cp4 dredelees2 ,cl4 ,cm4 dredles4 #ahh4 ,cm4 al the2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 alle2 rest al4 #aid4 ,cl4 ,cm4 gonne fro him4 #aie4 ,cl4 fleld 7for feld74 #bja4 ,cl4 lyf and sheld2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 sheld and lif2 ,h#b4 sheld of lyf2 ,cm4 schild and spere4 #bjb4 as ,cl4 al4 #bjd4 ,h4 ,cm4 freendlyeste2 ,cl4 frendlyest4 #bjf4 ,cl4 felawship2 ,h4 felaweschipe4 #bjg4 ,cl4 thenketh4 #bab4 ,cl4 womman2 ,h#b4 woman2 rest wommen4 #bae4 ,cl4 two2 ,cm4 to2 rest tho4 #baf4 ,cm4 ,ed4 herde2 rest herd4 #bag4 they two ,cl4 that they4 #bbj4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 it2 rest om4 #bba4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 and lat4 #bbc4 ,cl4 yow-2 rest your-4 #bbd4 ,cl4 it2 rest is4 _/_/ fair ,cp4 gladde2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 glad4 #bbf4 witen ,cl4 wete4 #bbg4 ,cl4 om4 this and tho4 #bch4 ,cl4 ,cm4 wete2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 weten2 ,h#b4 wite4 _/_/ your ,cl4 yow4 #bci4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 om4 myn4 #bdg4 ,cl4 ,cm4 truste4 #bdh4 ,cl4 om4 to me4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 frende 7error for fremde72 ,h#b4 frend2 ,ed4 fremed2 ,cl4 ,cm4 frendly4 #bej4 ,cl4 here he keste2 rest om4 he4 #bee4 ,cl4 lo alwey4 #bei4 ,cl4 tales 7674 #bfj4 ,h4 sithen2 ,cp4 ,cm4 sithe2 ,cl4 sith4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 the ende4 _/_/ ,cl4 ins4 of after is4 #bfb4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 peynt2 ,cm4 pente2 rest poynte4 #bfe4 ,cl4 loke4 #bff4 ,cp4 ,h4 goode2 rest good4 #bfi4 ,cl4 litel 7674 #bgf4 ,cl4 om4 faste4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 mauise4 #bgi4 ,cm4 thoughte2 ,cl4 ,cp4 thought4 #bhd4 that ,cl4 than4 _/_/ ,cl4 weylen 7674 #bhg4 ,cl4 om4 a4 #bhi4 and ,cl4 if4 #bia4 ,h4 it slake2 rest om4 it4 #bif4 ,cl4 toforn2 rest biforn4 #bii4 ,cl4 to yow2 rest om4 to4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 ,ed4 sworne2 rest sworn4 #cjj4 or ,cl4 and4 #cja4 ,all eye 7eighe74 #cjc4 chaungeth ,cl4 quaketh 7674 #cjh4 ,cl4 nolde2 rest wolde4 #cji4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 om4 my4 #cae4 ,cl4 shal yow2 rest om4 yow4 #cag4 ,h4 ,cm4 goode2 ,cl4 ,cp4 good4 #cbc4 ,cl4 thow2 rest ye4 _/_/ ,h#b4 lete2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 late2 ,h4 lat4 #cbd4 ,cl4 nel4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 lye4 #cbe4 ,cl4 myn owene2 rest my 7myn74 #cbf4 ,all eyen 7eighen74 #cbh4 ,cl4 giltles2 ,h4 ,cm4 gilteles4 #cbi4 mende ,h#b4 wyn4 #cch4 ,h4 ,cm4 liste2 ,ed4 lysteth2 ,cl4 lyst4 #cdi4 ,if ,cl4 ,and4 #cej4 ,cl4 that ye2 rest om4 that4 #cea4 this ,cm4 ,h#b4 it2 ,h4 om4 #cei4 ,cl4 behest4 #cfh4 ,cl4 to se2 ,cp4 ,h4 sen4 #cfi4 ,h#b4 a-yens2 ,ed4 ayenst2 ,h4 ayeyn2 ,cm4 ayen4 #cgj4 fool ,cl4 fel 7for fol74 #cga4 ,cl4 frenship4 #cgb4 ,cl4 om4 _/_/,what4 #cgd4 ,cl4 om4 wel and4 #chj4 ,ed4 wrie2 ,cm4 wri2 ,cl4 ,cp4 wre2 ,h4 were 7672 ,h#b4 couere4 #cha4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 sauacioun2 rest saluacioun4 #chc4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 put alwey after nece4 _/_/ ,cm4 goode2 rest good4 #chd4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 sugred4 #che4 ,cp4 ,cm4 for2 ,ed4 al2 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 #chf4 ,cl4 herd4 #chg4 meneth ,h4 ,cm4 mene4 #chh4 ,cl4 wole4 #chi4 sholde ,cl4 shal4 #cie4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 om4 that4 #dja4 ,read think'th1 ber'th 7,cl4 thenketh2 ,cp4 ,h4 berth74 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 heighe2 ,ed4 ,cm4 hye4 #djc4 ,cl4 ben growen2 ,cp4 ,h4 be growe2 ,ed4 growe2 ,cm4 hem waxen2 ,h#b4 be wox4 _/_/ ,all eye 7eighe1 ey1 eyen74 #dje4 ,h4 ,h#b4 whiche2 ,cl4 ,cm4 which2 ,cp4 ,ed4 which that4 #djf4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 om4 ,nece4 _/_/ ,cm4 ,i bidde with 7672 ,h#b4 ,i kepe than wisshe2 7read ,nec' ,i bidd' wissh74 #daa4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 straunge2 ,h4 ,h#b4 straunge folk2 ,cm4 straunge men4 #dac4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,ret2 ,ed4 ,rate2 ,cm4 ,redith2 ,cl4 ,bet 7672 ,h4 ,let 7674 #dad4 ,h4 tristed4 #dba4 this ,cl4 that4 #dbc4 ,cl4 behest4 #dbi4 ,cl4 ,ay2 ,cm4 ,o2 ,ed4 ,ne2 rest ,a4 #dce4 ,h4 dispitouse2 ,cm4 dispituse2 rest dispitous 7despitous74 #dch4 ,cl4 ins4 ony 7,cp4 ,h4 any1 ,h#b4 eny7 before vilanye4 _/_/ ,cl4 vylonye4 #ddf4 ,cl4 certaynly4 #ddh4 ,cl4 hym agayn4 #def4 ,cl4 falles 7sic74 #dfj4 ,cl4 wyl2 ,cp4 ,h4 wol4 #dfa4 ,cl4 of hit wold4 #dff4 lyth ,cp4 ,h4 is4 #dfh4 ,cl4 don so4 #dgd4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 y-wis2 rest wis4 #dhj4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 plese2 rest plesen4 #dhb4 ,cp4 ,ed4 dredde2 rest drede4 #dhc4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,cp4 cesse2 ,cm4 sese2 7see l4 #achh72 ,cl4 cesseth4 #dhf4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 sauacioun2 rest saluacioun4 #dij4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 ,pandare2 rest ,pandarus4 #dia4 ,cp4 ,h4 truste2 ,cm4 troste2 rest trust4 #did4 ,cp4 ,cm4 doutelees2 ,cl4 doutles4 #dif4 ,cm4 ,cp4 after2 ,h4 efter2 rest ofter 7674 #ejj4 love of god ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 his love4 #eje4 a litel gan to ,cl4 bygan for to4 #ejg4 ,cl4 go4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 longe2 rest long4 #eaf4 ,cm4 ,ed4 after2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ther-after4 #eai4 ,cl4 softly hym4 #ebc4 upon ,cl4 on4 #ecd4 ,all eyen 7eighen74 #ece4 ,cl4 om4 botme4 #ecf4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 deyen4 #ecg4 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,ed4 bywreyen2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 bywryen2 ,h4 wryen4 #eci4 hem ,cl4 hym4 _/_/ asshen ,cl4 asshe4 #edj4 ,cl4 adown his hed4 #eda4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 trewely2 rest trewly4 #edb4 ,cl4 puts awey after ,i4 #edc4 ,cp4 leet2 ,h4 lete2 ,cl4 ,cm4 let4 #edi4 ,cl4 ye do4 #eed4 ,cl4 passede4 #eee4 ,cp4 com2 ,cm4 cam2 rest come4 #eef4 his ,cl4 a4 #efb4 ,cp4 com2 rest come4 #efc4 ,cl4 saluacioun4 #efd4 ,cl4 ne hadde ,i routhe4 #efg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 herte2 rest hert4 #egj4 ,cl4 puts was after depe4 #egd4 see ,cl4 do4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 swone4 #egf4 ,cl4 dreuen4 #egg4 ,cl4 hath vs4 #ehh4 ,cp4 ,h4 houre2 ,cl4 ,cm4 oure4 #ehi4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 a ha2 ,h4 ha a2 ,cm4 ,cp4 ha ha2 ,cl4 om4 #eij1 #eib1 #eic4 ,cl4 del1 wele1 stel4 #eie4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 wel2 ,h#b4 wele2 ,cl4 ,h4 wole ,i4 #eig4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 ,ye2 rest ,and4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 om4 how4 #fjb4 ,cp4 com2 ,h#b4 cam2 ,ed4 came2 rest come4 #fjc4 ,cm4 wex2 ,h#b4 wax2 ,ed4 woxe2 rest was4 #faa4 ,ed4 ,thascrye2 ,cm4 ,the acry 7sic72 ,h#b4 ,in the skye 7672 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ascry4 #fab4 ,,mss4 cryede1 cried1 criedyn4 #fae4 ,h#b4 latis2 rest yates4 #faf4 this ,cl4 that4 #fag4 ,cm4 from2 ,ed4 ,h#b4 fro2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 to4 #fah4 ,cl4 ,gardanus2 ,h#b4 ,cardanus2 ,cm4 dardannis2 rest ,dardanus4 _/_/ open ,cl4 ,cm4 vp on4 #fbd4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,thus4 ,cp4 ,ed4 baye2 ,cm4 bayghe2 rest bay4 #fbh4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 sighte2 rest sight4 #fcf4 weldy ,cm4 worthi4 #fdb4 ,cl4 thrilled4 #fdc4 ,cp4 cryde2 ,cl4 cryede4 #fdd4 ,cl4 nexst4 #fdh4 ,all eyen1 eighen4 #fej4 ,cl4 ,ed4 it so softe4 #fea4 ,cl4 seluen4 #feh4 for ,cl4 ,ed4 forth4 #fei4 ,cl4 casten4 #ffb4 ,cl4 om4 his bef4 shap4 #fff4 ,read envous4 #ffi4 ,all syght 7wrongly74 #fgj4 thee ,cp4 ,h4 y-the4 #fgg4 ,h#b4 ins4 hert 7error for herte7 bef4 for4 #fha4 ,cl4 seuenethe4 #fhf4 ,cm4 sonere2 ,ed4 sooner2 rest sonner4 #fid4 ,cl4 she yn thought gan to4 #fif4 ,ed4 don2 ,h#b4 do2 rest done4 #fig1 #h4 ,cl4 folde1 colde4 #gjj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 tendite4 #gja4 ,cl4 thought2 see l4 #fii4 #gjb4 his ,cl4 ,cm4 ,ed4 by4 #gaj4 ,h4 sighte2 rest sight4 #gac4 ,h4 ,no 7for ,now74 _/_/ wys ,h#b4 a fole4 #gah4 ,cl4 drynklees2 ,cm4 ,cp4 drynkeles4 #gai4 ,cl4 ,ek for me sith ,i wot4 _/_/ ,cl4 al his2 rest om4 al4 #gbj4 ,cp4 ,cm4 aughte2 rest ought1 aught4 #gbb4 ,cl4 om4 ,and4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 long4 #gbc4 he ,cl4 she 7674 #gbd4 ,cl4 ,ne auaunter2 ,ed4 ,no vauntour2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,nauauntour4 #gbe4 vyce ,cl4 nyse4 #gbf4 ,cl4 cherishe2 rest cherice4 #gbi4 y-wis ,cl4 wys4 #gcc4 ,h4 ,ed4 alway4 #gcd4 wommen ,cl4 a woman4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 al bysyde hire leue2 ,cm4 our al this town aboute2 ,ed4 ,h#b4 al this towne aboute4 #gce4 ,so ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed42 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 _/_/ ,and whanne hem leste no more lat hem byleue4 #gcf4 ,cl4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 om4 for4 #gcg4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 this ilke2 rest om4 ilke4 _/_/ ,cl4 thryftiest 7also worthiest in l4 #gci1 and best in l4 #gdj74 #gde4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 no man2 rest noon 7none74 #gdf4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,h4 fayreste2 rest fairest4 #gdg4 ,cp4 ,h4 goodlieste2 rest goodliest4 #geb4 ,ed4 ,h4 vnteyd2 ,cp4 vnteyde2 ,cm4 onteyed2 rest vntyd4 #gec4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 ,with-out4 #geg4 ,cl4 om4 #bnd ,i4 #geh4 ,cp4 ,ed4 leste2 rest lyst 7liste74 #gei4 ,h4 ,cp4 nought2 rest not4 #gfc4 ,cp4 alle2 rest al4 #gfd4 ,h4 brighte2 rest bright4 #gfe4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,march2 rest ,marche4 #gff4 ,all flight4 #ggb4 ,h4 ,cm4 putte2 rest put4 #ggg4 ,cm4 why2 rest 7except ,h#b7 weye 7wey74 _/_/ ,h#b4 ,ther lovith none with-out bothe care and peyn 7wrongly74 #ggh4 ,cm4 moste2 ,cl4 meste4 #gha4 ,cp4 ,cm4 the2 rest that4 #ghg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 cessed2 ,cl4 ,cm4 sesed4 #gia4 ,cl4 at the2 rest om4 the4 #gib4 ,cp4 ,h4 y-knowen2 ,cl4 knowe4 _/_/ ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 tyme may men rede and se4 #gie4 ,cl4 ,cm4 go2 ,cp4 ,h4 ago4 #gig4 ,all bycometh2 see l4 #gie4 #hjj4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 dremen2 rest demen 7deme74 #hja4 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 that4 #hjd4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 stoppen2 rest stoppe4 #hjd1 #e4 ,cl4 tungen 7671 rungen4 _/_/ whyl ,cl4 whanne4 #had1 #i4 ,cl4 gardeyn4 #hai4 ,cm4 folwede2 ,cl4 folweden4 #hbj4 yerd _/_/ ,cl4 gardeyn4 #hba4 ,cl4 shadwede 7om4 wel74 _/_/ ,cl4 bowes blosmy and grene4 #hcj4 ,cl4 herte4 #hcc4 ,cp4 ,h4 alle2 rest al2 see #gfc4 ,cl4 surete2 ,h4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 seurte4 #hcd4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,ye2 rest ,the4 #hch4 ,cl4 om4 that4 #hdj4 ,cp4 ,h4 leest2 ,cl4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 lest4 #hdc4 ,of wit ,cl4 ,with 7674 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 secrenesse 7674 #hdd4 lust ,cl4 luf 7674 #hde4 ,cl4 ,cm4 al2 rest alle4 #hdg4 ,cl4 om4 so4 #hea4 ,cm4 ryghte2 rest right4 #heg4 ,cf4 l4 #fff4 #hfj4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 him2 rest it2 see #hfa4 #hfb1 #d4 ,h4 righte1 bryghte2 rest right1 bryght4 #hfc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 feblesse2 rest fieblenesse 7febilnesse74 _/_/ ,all eyen 7eighen74 #hfg4 who ,cl4 he 7for ho74 #hgb4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 is growen4 #hgf4 ,cl4 stynte2 ,h#b4 stynt4 #hhb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 let2 rest led4 #hhd4 ,see note4 #hid4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 moste2 ,cm4 miste2 ,ed4 mote2 ,h#b4 must4 _/_/ at ,cl4 of4 #hif4 ,h#b4 axe2 ,ed4 aske2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 axen2 ,cm4 axith4 _/_/ ,cl4 ful 7for foul74 #ijc4 ,cp4 ,cm4 wex2 ,cl4 was2 rest wax4 #ijd4 ,cl4 heighe2 ,cp4 ,h4 heye2 rest eye2 read y4 #iji4 ,h4 ,cp4 for tapere4 #iaj4 ,cl4 om4 al4 _/_/ in ,cm4 ,h#b4 hom4 #iaf4 ,cl4 alle4 #iai4 ,under ,cl4 ,vp-on4 #ibc4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,ed4 herkened2 ,cp4 ,h4 herkned4 #ibd4 ,til ,cl4 ,that4 #icd4 ,h4 scarmich2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 scarmysshe4 #icf4 yeden ,cm4 ridyn4 #icg4 ,cl4 sought4 #ich4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 laste2 rest last4 #ici4 ,ed4 came2 rest come4 #ida4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 slyng2 ,h4 sleynge 7for slynge72 ,ed4 slonge2 ,cm4 slynging of4 #idb4 ,cl4 now an2 rest om4 now4 #idc4 ,ed4 ,cm4 om4 so4 #ide4 ,h4 ,ed4 answerde2 ,cl4 answered4 #idg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 the2 ,h#b4 her2 rest om4 #iej4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 om4 that4 #iec4 ,cl4 vs2 rest me4 #ied4 don ,cm4 ,ed4 do on4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h#b4 sped2 rest spedde4 #iee4 ,cl4 om4 ,and4 #ief4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 shorte2 rest short4 #ieg4 ,so all4 #iei4 lak ,cl4 lat 7674 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 thy4 #ifg4 ,cl4 of the2 rest om4 the4 #ifh4 ,ed4 stalkes2 ,h#b4 stalkys2 ,cm4 stalke2 rest stalk4 #igc4 ,cl4 y-hered4 #igd4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,pandare2 rest ,pandarus4 #igf4 ,cl4 bonden2 ,cm4 woundis 7674 #igi4 ,cl4 myght2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 myghte4 #ihb4 ,cl4 ,whanne2 nexst4 #ihc4 ,cl4 ben y-dreuen4 #ihg4 ,cl4 dishese4 #iie4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 yit2 rest yet4 #iii4 fare ,cl4 do4 #ajja4 along ,cl4 y-long4 #ajjb4 ,cl4 om4 wel4 #ajjc4 as ,cl4 a4 #ajje4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 om4 _/_/ ,right4 #ajjf4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 tellen2 rest telle4 #ajji4 ,cl4 myn-4 _/_/ ,cl4 wil2 ,cp4 ,h4 wol2 rest shal4 #ajaa4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 thou4 #ajab4 right ,cm4 and that2 ,cl4 om4 #ajae4 ,all strete4 #ajaf4 ,h4 leste2 ,cm4 lyste2 ,cl4 lyke2 rest list4 #ajag4 make ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 make thou2 ,h#b4 thow make4 #ajbb4 ,whan ,cl4 ,than4 #ajbc4 ,cl4 that thow2 rest om4 that4 #ajbe4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 tough2 ,cl4 towh2 rest tow4 #ajbf4 ,cm4 om4 it4 #ajcj4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 beste2 rest best4 #ajca4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 beste2 rest best4 _/_/ ,cl4 sounded4 #ajcc4 ,h#b4 werble2 ,ed4 warble2 ,h4 warbul2 ,cm4 warbele4 #ajce4 ,cp4 ,h4 maken2 rest make4 #ajcg4 ,cm4 iumpere2 ,ed4 iombre4 #ajci4 of ,cl4 vp4 #ajdc4 nere ,cl4 ,ed4 were4 #ajdd4 ,h#b4 to2 rest vn-to4 #ajdi4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 it4 #ajea4 ,h4 ,cm4 answerde2 ,cl4 answered4 _/_/ ,cp ,h4 leste2 ,cm4 ,ed4 lest2 rest lyst4 #ajec4 that lord ,cl4 hym4 #ajee4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 om4 ,right4 #ajfj4 ,cl4 ,i pray2 ,cm4 preye ,i2 rest prey ich4 #ajfc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,yif2 ,cl4 ,yef4 #ajfd4 ,cp4 ,h4 sette2 ,cl4 ,ed4 set2 ,cm4 sat4 #ajfe4 ,cl4 om4 hir4 _/_/ ,cm4 ryghte2 rest right4 #ajff4 ,cl4 lece4 #ajfh4 ,cl4 alle these loueres4 #ajga4 ,cp4 ,h4 muchel2 ,cl4 muche4 #ajgb4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 om4 this4 _/_/ ,cl4 louely2 ,ed4 ,h#b4 lowly2 rest lowely4 #ajgg4 ,cp4 ,h4 leigh2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 lyed4 #ajgi4 ,cl4 wold 7for sholde74 #ajhf4 ,cl4 salty2 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,ed4 salte2 rest salt4 #ajij4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 kiste2 ,cl4 cussed4 #ajic4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,pandarus4 #ajie4 it ,cl4 is 7674 #ajig4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h4 sore2 ,cl4 so4 #aajg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 hoppe2 rest hope4 #aajh4 ,cl4 ,ed4 laughe2 ,h4 laugh2 ,h#b4 lagh2 ,cm4 law4 _/_/ ,h4 breste2 rest brest4 #aaji4 ,ed4 alway that ye2 ,cm4 that ye alwey2 rest om4 that4 #aaaa4 come ,cl4 y-come4 #aaab4 ,cl4 griek2 ,cp4 greek2 rest greke4 #aaac4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 come ,i2 ,cl4 ,i am come2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,i come4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ins4 newe after yow4 #aaaf4 ,cl4 wente4 #aaai4 ,cl4 they spoke2 ,h4 ,ed4 he spake 7read speke72 ,cp4 he spak2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 his wordis4 #aabc4 ,cp4 ,ed4 sente2 rest sent4 _/_/ ,h#b4 to2 rest om4 #aacj4 ,ed4 scripte4 #aaca4 swich ,cl4 this4 #aacg4 ,cm4 ,h4 seyn2 ,cl4 sey4 #aade4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 dethe2 rest deth4 _/_/ smiten be ,cl4 be smet4 #aadh4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 to2 rest it 7better74 #aadi4 ,cp4 ,h4 neigh2 ,cl4 nyh4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,cm4 alle2 ,cl4 ,h4 al4 #aaed4 ,cl4 hent4 #aaee4 ,h#b4 doun the lettre cast2 perhaps read doun the lettre thraste4 #aaef4 ,cl4 or noon 7for anoon74 #aaeg4 ,cl4 gaueren2 rest gauren4 #aaei4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 him4 #aafj4 your ,cl4 yow4 #aafa4 ,cl4 ,ed4 wol4 #aafb4 ,cl4 thanne wole4 #aagb4 ,cl4 som2 rest some4 #aagd4 ,cp4 ,ed4 besynesses2 rest besynesse4 #aaha4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 om4 him4 #aahb4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,h#b4 om4 that4 #aahf4 ,cl4 wyndowe nexst4 #aahh4 ,cl4 aforn-yeyn2 ,cp4 aforgheyn2 ,ed4 aforyene2 ,h4 aforyeynes2 ,h#b4 aforyens2 ,cm4 aforn4 #aaic4 vn-to ,cl4 ,cm4 to4 #aaid4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 weren4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h#b4 om4 alle4 #aaih4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 tho4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 wex2 ,cl4 wax4 #abjb4 ,cl4 honde4 _/_/ ,cm4 fel2 ,h#b4 fil2 rest sat4 #abad4 ,cl4 wrote2 ony4 #abae4 in-to ,h#b4 in4 #abag4 ,cm4 disdainys2 ,ed4 disdaynes2 ,cp4 desdaynes2 ,cl4 ,h4 disdayns2 ,h#b4 disdeynous4 #abbc4 ,cl4 wolde4 _/_/ ,ed4 ,cp4 seluen2 ,h4 selfen2 rest self4 #abbe4 ,cp4 fayn2 ,cl4 ,h4 fayne2 ,cm4 ay fayn4 _/_/ ,cm4 om4 to4 #abbg4 ,cp4 ,ed4 in-to2 ,cl4 in-to a2 rest in-to the4 #abbi4 ,cp4 quysshyn2 ,cm4 quysschyn2 ,h4 ,ed4 quysshen2 ,cl4 quysshon2 ,h#b4 cusshyn4 #abch4 ,all impressions4 #abde4 ,cp4 ,h4 y-doon2 ,ed4 ydone2 rest don4 #abdg4 they ,cl4 he4 #abej4 ,cl4 softly3 thederwardes4 #abeb4 ,cl4 paylays2 ,h4 payleysse2 rest paleys4 _/_/ ,ed4 ,h#b4 ,pandare2 rest ,pandarus4 #abed4 ,cp4 seeth2 ,h4 seth2 ,ed4 sethe2 ,cl4 seyth2 ,cm4 sey4 #abef4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 wex2 ,cl4 wax4 _/_/ ,cl4 as the rose2 rest om4 the4 #abfj4 ,cl4 om4 he4 #abgj4 ,cl4 a routhe2 rest om4 a4 #abgc4 ,cp4 ,cm4 nexte2 ,cl4 nexst4 #abgh4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,telle2 rest ,tel4 #abhd4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h4 yonde2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 yend2 ,cm4 yondir4 _/_/ ,cl4 ritt2 ,cp4 ,cm4 rit2 ,ed4 rydeth2 ,h4 ride4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 ye4 #abih4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 holden2 rest holde 7hold74 #acji4 ,ed4 lo2 rest om4 #acac4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ryse2 ,ed4 vp ryse2 rest aryse4 #acag4 ,cl4 ,cp4 thorugh4 #acbj4 ,h#b4 and se thes lettres blake4 #acbc4 yave ,cl4 yaf2 ,cm4 yeue4 #acbi4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 biheste2 rest byhest4 #accb4 ,ed4 ,through2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,thorugh2 ,h4 ,thorw2 ,h#b4 ,the4 _/_/ or ,cl4 and4 #accf4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 thorugh4 #acdg4 ,ed4 dyce4 #acdi4 ,cl4 gistes2 ,h#b4 gyltes2 ,cp4 gostes2 rest gestes4 #acej4 ,and ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 ,as4 #aceb4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,pandarus2 rest ,pandare4 #aced4 ,cl4 ,cm4 red4 #acee4 ,cp4 ,h4 woode2 ,cm4 ,ed4 wode2 ,cl4 wod2 ,h#b4 wood4 #acfj4 ,cl4 dishese4 #acfh4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 om4 that4 #acgd4 ,ed4 her don4 _/_/ ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 for to2 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 for4 #acgi4 ,what ,cl4 ,that4 #achc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ins4 to bef4 come4 _/_/ come ,cm4 falle2 ,h#b4 than fal4 #achd4 doon ,cl4 doth4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 milne2 ,cm4 melle2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 myl4 #achg4 ,cp4 reed2 ,cl4 ,h4 ried4 #achh4 ,cl4 wold4 #acid4 ,h4 ,ed4 tel2 ,cl4 telle4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 lest2 ,cl4 lyste2 rest lyst4 #adja4 ,cp4 lat malone4 #adji4 ,cl4 to-forn4 #adac4 nas ,cl4 na4 #adah4 doon ,cl4 do4 #adbc4 thus ,cl4 so4 #adbg4 spore ,h4 ,h#b4 ,cm4 spere4 #adbh4 ,cp4 ,cm4 roughte2 rest rought 7roght74 #adbi4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cm4 telle4 #adcf4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 yow as2 rest om4 yow4 #adeb4 and eek ,cl4 ek and4 #adfj4 gan to ,cl4 wolde he4 #adfe4 ,cl4 om4 myn4 #adff4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 put me before the4 #adfg4 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 ye4 _/_/ ,h#b4 that2 rest om4 #adgc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ne wolde2 ,cm4 yit wolde2 rest wolde4 #adhb4 ,cp4 ,ed4 maked2 ,h4 makes 7for maked72 rest made 7mad74 #adhd4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 so that2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 that so2 ,cm4 so euere4 #adhi4 nolde ,cl4 ,h4 wolde4 #adij4 goodly ,cl4 good4 #adie4 ,so all4 #aejd4 thou ,cl4 yow4 _/_/ ,ed4 ,h#b4 a2 rest om4 #aeji4 ,yet ,cl4 ,that4 #aeac4 ,cm4 ,ed4 belyue2 ,h#b4 as blyue2 rest blyue4 #aeag4 ,cm4 ,ed4 ,sone2 ,cl4 ,so2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,and4 #aebf4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 fully ther2 ,h#b4 fully the2 ,cl4 there fully2 ,cm4 the fulli4 #aebg4 thou ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 now4 #aecb4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cm4 om4 the4 #aecf4 ,cl4 om4 al4 #aeed4 wood man ,cl4 womman4 #aeef4 ,cp4 meel-tide2 ,ed4 mealtyde2 ,cl4 meltid2 ,h4 meelited 7672 ,cm4 mele4 #aeeg4 ,shoop ,cl4 ,h4 ,shapt2 ,cp4 ,shapte4 #aeeh4 ,cl4 nold not2 ,h#b4 wold not2 rest nolde4 #aeei4 sooth ,cl4 for4 #aefa4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,cm4 al what2 ,cl4 ,h4 what al4 #aehb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 thoughte2 rest thought4 _/_/ coude ,cl4 cowede4 #aehe4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 om4 up4 #aehh4 they ,cl4 he4 #aeia4 ,cl4 om4 for4 #aeid4 don ,h#b4 to2 ,cl4 om4 #aeie4 lest ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 lyst4 #aeif4 ,h4 glosses ,for for by quia propter4 #aeih4 arisen ,cl4 aryse2 ,h#b4 thei risyn4 #afjb4 ,h#b4 ,if it2 rest om4 it4 #afjd4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,ed4 whiche4 #afje4 ,took ,cl4 ,to7674 #afjg4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,iouis4 #afaa4 thou ,cl4 yow2 ,h4 how4 #afae4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 out4 #afah4 ,answerde ,cl4 ,answere4 #afba4 it ,cl4 he4 #afbh4 ,cl4 om4 me4 #afbi4 thinketh ,cl4 thenketh4 _/_/ ,h4 sith2 rest sith that4 #afce4 ,cl4 om4 do4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 wyte2 ,cl4 ,ed4 wete4 #afch4 thy ,cl4 the4 #afda4 ,so all4 #afdg4 ,cl4 lightly may4 #afdh1 #afeb4 loketh ,cl4 loke4 #afdi4 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 him4 #afej4 ,cl4 dishesen4 #afeb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 knowen2 ,cl4 ,cm4 knoweth4 #afei4 ,h4 muchel2 ,cl4 mechel4 #affa4 him ,cl4 he4 #affb4 toucheth ,cl4 toucher7674 #affe1 #f4 ,cp4 ,h4 entente1 wente2 rest entent1 went4 #affg4 ,cl4 goode softly4 #afgj4 ,cl4 fare4 #afgc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 to2 rest om4 #afgd4 ,cp4 ,ed4 biseke2 ,h4 bisike2 rest byseche4 #afhj4 than ,cl4 that4 #afhf4 ,cl4 ,cm4 susteyne4 #afhg4 ,ed4 ,now good thrift4 #afij4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,or2 rest ,o4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 for-bede2 rest for-bede it4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h#b4 om4 tho4 #afia4 ,cp4 ,h4 sauf2 ,cl4 ,cm4 saf4 #afig4 ,cl4 tretes4 #agjc4 ,cl4 ,cm4 dede4 #agjh4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 gonne2 ,cl4 gon2 ,cm4 gan4 _/_/ ,cl4 rede4 #agai4 ,cl4 humbely2 ,cp4 ,h4 humblely2 ,cm4 vmbely2 rest humbly4 #agbb4 his--bireve ,cl4 of his reste hym reue4 #agbc4 ,cl4 ,incocent 7674 #agcj4 ,cl4 ,avise4 #agcd4 ,cl4 by halue2 ,cm4 halue2 rest half4 _/_/ ,cl4 vs alle sowle2 ,h#b4 vs soule hath2 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,ed4 soule us alle2 ,h4 same 7for soule7 vs al4 #agci4 ,cl4 ,thenk that2 rest om4 that4 #agda4 ,cl4 ,secundelich2 ,cm4 ,secundeli2 ,cp4 ,secoundely2 ,h4 ,secoundly2 rest ,secondly4 #agdf4 ,cl4 wolden2 ,cm4 woldyn4 #agdi4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 ,lest2 rest ,las 7674 _/_/ ,ed4 ,h#b4 be lost2 ,cp4 ,i loste2 rest ,i lost4 #ageb4 ,h#b4 kankerdorte2 rest kankedort1 cankedort4 #ageg4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,i2 rest he4 ,,book ,,iii4 ,,incipit ,,prohemium ,,tercii ,,libri4 #a4 ,o ,blisful light1 of whiche the bemes clere #a ,adorneth al the thridde hevene faire6 ,o sonnes leef1 ,o ,ioves doughter dere1 ,plesaunce of love1 ,o goodly debonaire1 ,in gentil hertes ay redy to repaire6 #e ,o verray cause of hele and of gladnesse1 ,y-heried be thy might and thy goodnesse6 #b4 ,in hevene and helle1 in erthe and salte see ,is felt thy might1 if that ,i wel descerne2 ,as man1 brid1 best1 fish1 herbe and grene tree #aj ,thee fele in tymes with vapour eterne4 ,god loveth1 and to love wol nought werne2 ,and in this world no lyves creature1 ,with-outen love1 is worth1 or may endure4 #c4 ,ye ,ioves first to thilke effectes glade1 #ae ,thorugh which that thinges liven alle and be1 ,comeveden1 and amorous him made ,on mortal thing1 and as yow list1 ay ye ,yeve him in love ese or adversitee2 ,and in a thousand formes doun him sente #bj ,for love in erthe1 and whom yow liste1 he hente4 #d4 ,ye fierse ,mars apeysen of his ire1 ,and1 as yow list1 ye maken hertes digne2 ,algates1 hem that ye wol sette a-fyre1 ,they dreden shame1 and vices they resigne2 #be ,ye do hem corteys be1 fresshe and benigne1 ,and hye or lowe1 after a wight entendeth2 ,the ,ioyes that he hath1 your might him sendeth4 #e4 ,ye holden regne and hous in unitee2 ,ye soothfast cause of frendship been also2 #cj ,ye knowe al thilke covered qualitee ,of thinges which that folk on wondren so1 ,whan they can not construe how it may io1 ,she loveth him1 or why he loveth here2 ,as why this fish1 and nought that1 cometh to were4 #ce #f4 ,ye folk a lawe han set in universe1 ,and this knowe ,i by hem that loveres be1 ,that who-so stryveth with yow hath the werse3 ,now1 lady bright1 for thy benignitee1 ,at reverence of hem that serven thee1 #dj ,whos clerk ,i am1 so techeth me devyse ,som ,ioye of that is felt in thy servyse4 #g4 ,ye in my naked herte sentement ,inhelde1 and do me shewe of thy swetnesse4-- ,caliope1 thy vois be now present1 #de ,for now is nede2 sestow not my destresse1 ,how ,i mot telle anon-right the gladnesse ,of ,troilus1 to ,venus heryinge8 ,to which gladnes1 who nede hath1 god him bringe6 ,,explicit ,,prohemium ,,tercii ,,libri4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,tercius4 #h4 ,lay al this mene whyle ,troilus1 #ej ,recordinge his lessoun in this manere1 ',ma fey6' thought he1 'thus wole ,i seye and thus2 ,thus wole ,i pleyne un-to my lady dere2 ,that word is good1 and this shal be my chere2 ,this nil ,i not foryeten in no wyse4' #ee ,god leve him werken as he gan devyse4 #i4 ,and lord1 so that his herte gan to quappe1 ,heringe hir come1 and shorte for to syke6 ,and ,pandarus1 that ladde hir by the lappe1 ,com ner1 and gan in at the curtin pyke1 #fj ,and seyde1 'god do bote on alle syke6 ,see1 who is here yow comen to visyte2 ,lo1 here is she that is your deeth to wyte4' #aj4 ,ther-with it semed as he wepte almost2 ',a ha1' quod ,troilus so rewfully1 #fe ',wher me be wo1 ,o mighty god1 thou wost6 ,who is al there8 ,i see nought trewely4' ',sire1' quod ,criseyde1 'it is ,pandare and ,i4' ',ye1 swete herte8 allas1 ,i may nought ryse ,to knele1 and do yow honour in som wyse4' #gj #aa4 ,and dressede him upward1 and she right tho ,gan bothe here hondes softe upon him leye1 ',o1 for the love of god1 do ye not so ,to me1' quod she1 'ey6 what is this to seye8 ,sire1 come am ,i to yow for causes tweye2 #ge ,first1 yow to thonke1 and of your lordshipe eke ,continuaunce ,i wolde yow biseke4' #ab4 ,this ,troilus1 that herde his lady preye ,of lordship him1 wex neither quik ne deed1 ,ne mighte a word for shame to it seye1 #hj ,al-though men sholde smyten of his heed4 ,but lord1 so he wex sodeinliche reed1 ,and sire1 his lesson1 that he wende conne1 ,to preyen hir1 is thurgh his wit y-ronne4 #ac4 ,cryseyde al this aspyede wel y-nough1 #he ,for she was wys1 and lovede him never-the-lasse1 ,al nere he malapert1 or made it tough1 ,or was to bold1 to singe a fool a masse4 ,but whan his shame gan somwhat to passe1 ,his resons1 as ,i may my rymes holde1 #ij ,i yow wol telle1 as techen bokes olde4 #ad4 ,in chaunged vois1 right for his verrey drede1 ,which vois eek quook1 and ther-to his manere ,goodly abayst1 and now his hewes rede1 ,now pale1 un-to ,criseyde1 his lady dere1 #ie ,with look doun cast and humble yolden chere1 ,lo1 the alderfirste word that him asterte ,was1 twyes1 'mercy1 mercy1 swete herte6' #ae4 ,and stinte a whyl1 and whan he mighte out-bringe1 ,the nexte word was1 'god wot1 for ,i have1 #ajj ,as feythfully as ,i have had konninge1 ,ben youres1 also god my sowle save2 ,and shal1 til that ,i1 woful wight1 be grave4 ,and though ,i dar ne can un-to yow pleyne1 ,y-wis1 ,i suffre nought the lasse peyne4 #aje #af4 ,thus muche as now1 ,o wommanliche wyf1 ,i may out-bringe1 and if this yow displese1 ,that shal ,i wreke upon myn owne lyf ,right sone1 ,i trowe1 and doon your herte an ese1 ,if with my deeth your herte ,i may apese4 #aaj ,but sin that ye han herd me som-what seye1 ,now recche ,i never how sone that ,i deye4' #ag4 ,ther-with his manly sorwe to biholde1 ,it mighte han maad an herte of stoon to rewe2 ,and ,pandare weep as he to watre wolde1 #aae ,and poked ever his nece newe and newe1 ,and seyde1 'wo bigon ben hertes trewe6 ,for love of god1 make of this thing an ende1 ,or slee us bothe at ones1 er that ye wende4' #ah4 ',i8 what8' quod she1 'by god and by my trouthe1 #abj ,i noot nought what ye wilne that ,i seye4' ',i8 what8' quod he1 'that ye han on him routhe1 ,for goddes love1 and doth him nought to deye4' ',now thanne thus1' quod she1 ',i wolde him preye ,to telle me the fyn of his entente2 #abe ,yet wiste ,i never wel what that he mente4' #ai4 ',what that ,i mene1 ,o swete herte dere8' ,quod ,troilus1 ',o goodly fresshe free6 ,that1 with the stremes of your eyen clere1 ,ye wolde som-tyme freendly on me see1 #acj ,and thanne agren that ,i may ben he1 ,with-oute braunche of vyce in any wyse1 ,in trouthe alwey to doon yow my servyse #bj4 ,as to my lady right and chief resort1 ,with al my wit and al my diligence1 #ace ,and ,i to han1 right as yow list1 comfort1 ,under your yerde1 egal to myn offence1 ,as deeth1 if that ,i breke your defence2 ,and that ye deigne me so muche honoure1 ,me to comaunden ought in any houre4 #adj #ba4 ,and ,i to ben your verray humble trewe1 ,secret1 and in my paynes pacient1 ,and ever-mo desire freshly newe1 ,to serven1 and been y-lyke ay diligent1 ,and1 with good herte1 al holly your talent #ade ,receyven wel1 how sore that me smerte1 ,lo1 this mene ,i1 myn owene swete herte4' #bb4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'lo1 here an hard request1 ,and resonable1 a lady for to werne6 ,now1 nece myn1 by natal ,ioves fest1 #aej ,were ,i a god1 ye sholde sterve as yerne1 ,that heren wel1 this man wol no-thing yerne ,but your honour1 and seen him almost sterve1 ,and been so looth to suffren him yow serve4' #bc4 ,with that she gan hir eyen on him caste #aee ,ful esily1 and ful debonairly1 ,avysing hir1 and hyed not to faste ,with never a word1 but seyde him softely1 ',myn honour sauf1 ,i wol wel trewely1 ,and in swich forme as he can now devyse1 #afj ,receyven him fully to my servyse1 #bd4 ,biseching him1 for goddes love1 that he ,wolde1 in honour of trouthe and gentilesse1 ,as ,i wel mene1 eek mene wel to me1 ,and myn honour1 with wit and besinesse1 #afe ,ay kepe2 and if ,i may don him gladnesse1 ,from hennes-forth1 y-wis1 ,i nil not feyne3 ,now beeth al hool1 no lenger ye ne pleyne4 #be4 ,but nathelees1 this warne ,i yow1' quod she1 ',a kinges sone al-though ye be1 y-wis1 #agj ,ye shul na-more have soverainetee ,of me in love1 than right in that cas is2 ,ne ,i nil forbere1 if that ye doon a-mis1 ,to wrathen yow2 and whyl that ye me serve1 ,cherycen yow right after ye deserve4 #age #bf4 ,and shortly1 der herte and al my knight1 ,beth glad1 and draweth yow to lustinesse1 ,and ,i shal trewely1 with al my might1 ,your bittre tornen al in-to swetnesse2 ,if ,i be she that may yow do gladnesse1 #ahj ,for every wo ye shal recovere a blisse'2 ,and him in armes took1 and gan him kisse4 #bg4 ,fil ,pandarus on knees1 and up his yn ,to hevene threw1 and held his hondes hye1 ',immortal god6' quod he1 'that mayst nought dyen1 #ahe ,cupide ,i mene1 of this mayst glorifye2 ,and ,venus1 thou mayst make melodye2 ,with-outen hond1 me semeth that in towne1 ,for this merveyle1 ,i here ech belle sowne4 #bh4 ,but ho6 no more as now of this matere1 #aij ,for-why this folk wol comen up anoon1 ,that han the lettre red2 lo1 ,i hem here4 ,but ,i coniure thee1 ,criseyde1 and oon1 ,and two1 thou ,troilus1 whan thow mayst goon1 ,that at myn hous ye been at my warninge1 #aie ,for ,i ful wel shal shape your cominge2 #bi4 ,and eseth ther your hertes right y-nough2 ,and lat see which of yow shal bere the belle ,to speke of love a-right6' ther-with he lough1 ',for ther have ye a layser for to telle4' #bjj ,quod ,troilus1 'how longe shal ,i dwelle ,er this be doon8' ,quod he1 'whan thou mayst ryse1 ,this thing shal be right as ,i yow devyse4' #cj4 ,with that ,eleyne and also ,deiphebus ,tho comen upward1 right at the steyres ende2 #bje ,and lord1 so than gan grone ,troilus1 ,his brother and his suster for to blende4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'it tyme is that we wende2 ,tak1 nece myn1 your leve at alle three1 ,and lat hem speke1 and cometh forth with me4' #baj #ca4 ,she took hir leve at hem ful thriftily1 ,as she wel coude1 and they hir reverence ,un-to the fulle diden hardely1 ,and speken wonder wel1 in hir absence1 ,of hir1 in preysing of hir excellence1 #bae ,hir governaunce1 hir wit2 and hir manere ,commendeden1 it ,ioye was to here4 #cb4 ,now lat hir wende un-to hir owne place1 ,and torne we to ,troilus a-yein1 ,that gan ful lightly of the lettre passe1 #bbj ,that ,deiphebus hadde in the gardin seyn4 ,and of ,eleyne and him he wolde fayn ,delivered been1 and seyde1 that him leste ,to slepe1 and after tales have reste4 #cc4 ,eleyne him kiste1 and took hir leve blyve1 #bbe ,deiphebus eek1 and hoom wente every wight2 ,and ,pandarus1 as faste as he may dryve1 ,to ,troilus tho com1 as lyne right2 ,and on a paillet1 al that glade night1 ,by ,troilus he lay1 with mery chere1 #bcj ,to tale2 and wel was hem they were y-fere4 #cd4 ,whan every wight was voided but they two1 ,and alle the dores were faste y-shette1 ,to telle in short1 with-oute wordes mo1 ,this ,pandarus1 with-outen any lette1 #bce ,up roos1 and on his beddes syde him sette1 ,and gan to speken in a sobre wyse ,to ,troilus1 as ,i shal yow devyse4 #ce4 ',myn alderlevest lord1 and brother dere1 ,god woot1 and thou1 that it sat me so sore1 #bdj ,when ,i thee saw so languisshing to-yere1 ,for love1 of which thy wo wex alwey more2 ,that ,i1 with al my might and al my lore1 ,have ever sithen doon my bisinesse ,to bringe thee to ,ioye out of distresse2 #bde #cf4 ,and have it brought to swich plyt as thou wost1 ,so that1 thorugh me1 thow stondest now in weye ,to fare wel1 ,i seye it for no bost1 ,and wostow why8 for shame it is to seye1 ,for thee have ,i bigonne a gamen pleye #bej ,which that ,i never doon shal eft for other1 ,al-though he were a thousand fold my brother4 #cg4 ,that is to seye1 for thee am ,i bicomen1 ,bitwixen game and ernest1 swich a mene ,as maken wommen un-to men to comen2 #bee ,al sey ,i nought1 thou wost wel what ,i mene4 ,for thee have ,i my nece1 of vyces clene1 ,so fully maad thy gentilesse triste1 ,that al shal been right as thy-selve liste4 #ch4 ,but god1 that al wot1 take ,i to witnesse1 #bfj ,that never ,i this for coveityse wroughte1 ,but only for to abregge that distresse1 ,for which wel nygh thou deydest1 as me thoughte4 ,but gode brother1 do now as thee oughte1 ,for goddes love1 and keep hir out of blame1 #bfe ,sin thou art wys1 and save alwey hir name4 #ci4 ,for wel thou wost1 the name as yet of here ,among the peple1 as who seyth1 halwed is2 ,for that man is unbore1 ,i dar wel swere1 ,that ever wiste that she dide amis4 #bgj ,but wo is me1 that ,i1 that cause al this1 ,may thenken that she is my nece dere1 ,and ,i hir eem1 and traytor eek y-fere6 #dj4 ,and were it wist that ,i1 through myn engyn1 ,hadde in my nece y-put this fantasye1 #bge ,to do thy lust1 and hoolly to be thyn1 ,why1 al the world up-on it wolde crye1 ,and seye1 that ,i the worste trecherye ,dide in this cas1 that ever was bigonne1 ,and she for-lost1 and thou right nought y-wonne4 #bhj #da4 ,wher-fore1 er ,i wol ferther goon a pas1 ,yet eft ,i thee biseche and fully seye1 ,that privetee go with us in this cas1 ,that is to seye1 that thou us never wreye2 ,and be nought wrooth1 though ,i thee ofte preye #bhe ,to holden secree swich an heigh matere2 ,for skilful is1 thow wost wel1 my preyere4 #db4 ,and thenk what wo ther hath bitid er this1 ,for makinge of avauntes1 as men rede2 ,and what mischaunce in this world yet ther is1 #bij ,fro day to day1 right for that wikked dede2 ,for which these wyse clerkes that ben dede ,han ever yet proverbed to us yonge1 ,that firste vertu is to kepe tonge4 #dc4 ,and1 nere it that ,i wilne as now tabregge #bie ,diffusioun of speche1 ,i coude almost ,a thousand olde stories thee alegge ,of wommen lost1 thorugh fals and foles bost2 ,proverbes canst thy-self y-nowe1 and wost1 ,ayeins that vyce1 for to been a labbe1 #cjj ,al seyde men sooth as often as they gabbe4 #dd4 ,o tonge1 allas6 so often here-biforn ,hastow made many a lady bright of hewe ,seyd1 welawey6 the day that ,i was born6 ,and many a maydes sorwes for to newe2 #cje ,and1 for the more part1 al is untrewe ,that men of yelpe1 and it were brought to preve2 ,of kinde non avauntour is to leve4 #de4 ,avauntour and a lyere1 al is on2 ,as thus3 ,i pose1 a womman graunte me #caj ,hir love1 and seyth that other wol she non1 ,and ,i am sworn to holden it secree1 ,and after ,i go telle it two or three2 ,y-wis1 ,i am avauntour at the leste1 ,and lyere1 for ,i breke my biheste4 #cae #df4 ,now loke thanne1 if they be nought to blame1 ,swich maner folk2 what shal ,i clepe hem1 what1 ,that hem avaunte of wommen1 and by name1 ,that never yet bihighte hem this ne that1 ,ne knewe hem more than myn olde hat8 #cbj ,no wonder is1 so god me sende hele1 ,though wommen drede with us men to dele4 #dg4 ,i sey not this for no mistrust of yow1 ,ne for no wys man1 but for foles nyce1 ,and for the harm that in the world is now1 #cbe ,as wel for foly ofte as for malyce2 ,for wel wot ,i1 in wyse folk1 that vyce ,no womman drat1 if she be wel avysed2 ,for wyse ben by foles harm chastysed4 #dh4 ,but now to purpos2 leve brother dere1 #ccj ,have al this thing that ,i have seyd in minde1 ,and keep thee clos1 and be now of good chere1 ,for at thy day thou shalt me trewe finde4 ,i shal thy proces sette in swich a kinde1 ,and god to-forn1 that it shall thee suffyse1 #cce ,for it shal been right as thou wolt devyse4 #di4 ,for wel ,i woot1 thou menest wel1 parde2 ,therfore ,i dar this fully undertake4 ,thou wost eek what thy lady graunted thee1 ,and day is set1 the chartres up to make4 #cdj ,have now good night1 ,i may no lenger wake2 ,and bid for me1 sin thou art now in blisse1 ,that god me sende deeth or sone lisse4' #ej4 ,who mighte telle half the ,ioye or feste ,which that the sowle of ,troilus tho felte1 #cde ,heringe theffect of ,pandarus biheste8 ,his olde wo1 that made his herte swelte1 ,gan tho for ,ioye wasten and to-melte1 ,and al the richesse of his sykes sore ,at ones fledde1 he felte of hem no more4 #cej #ea4 ,but right so as these holtes and these hayes1 ,that han in winter dede been and dreye1 ,revesten hem in grene1 whan that ,may is1 ,whan every lusty lyketh best to pleye3 ,right in that selve wyse1 sooth to seye1 #cee ,wex sodeynliche his herte ful of ,ioye1 ,that gladder was ther never man in ,troye4 #eb4 ,and gan his look on ,pandarus up caste ,ful sobrely1 and frendly for to see1 ,and seyde1 'freend1 in ,aprille the laste1 #cfj ,as wel thou wost1 if it remembre thee1 ,how neigh the deeth for wo thou founde me2 ,and how thou didest al thy bisinesse ,to knowe of me the cause of my distresse4 #ec4 ,thou wost how longe ,i it for-bar to seye #cfe ,to thee1 that art the man that ,i best triste2 ,and peril was it noon to thee by-wreye1 ,that wiste ,i wel2 but tel me1 if thee liste1 ,sith ,i so looth was that thy-self it wiste1 ,how dorste ,i mo tellen of this matere1 #cgj ,that quake now1 and no wight may us here8 #ed4 ,but natheles1 by that god ,i thee swere1 ,that1 as him list1 may al this world governe1 ,and1 if ,i lye1 ,achilles with his spere ,myn herte cleve1 al were my lyf eterne1 #cge ,as ,i am mortal1 if ,i late or yerne ,wolde it biwreye1 or dorste1 or sholde conne1 ,for al the good that god made under sonne2 #ee4 ,that rather deye ,i wolde1 and determyne1 ,as thinketh me1 now stokked in presoun1 #chj ,in wrecchednesse1 in filthe1 and in vermyne1 ,caytif to cruel king ,agamenoun2 ,and this1 in alle the temples of this toun1 ,upon the goddes alle1 ,i wol thee swere1 ,to-morwe day1 if that thee lyketh here4 #che #ef4 ,and that thou hast so muche y-doon for me1 ,that ,i ne may it never-more deserve1 ,this knowe ,i wel1 al mighte ,i now for thee ,a thousand tymes on a morwen sterve1 ,i can no more1 but that ,i wol thee serve #cij ,right as thy sclave1 whider-so thou wende1 ,for ever-more1 un-to my lyves ende6 #eg4 ,but here1 with al myn herte1 ,i thee biseche1 ,that never in me thou deme swich folye ,as ,i shal seyn2 me thoughte1 by thy speche1 #cie ,that this1 which thou me dost for companye1 ,i sholde wene it were a bauderye2 ,i am nought wood1 al-if ,i lewed be2 ,it is not so1 that wool ,i wel1 pardee4 #eh4 ,but he that goth1 for gold or for richesse1 #djj ,on swich message1 calle him what thee list2 ,and this that thou dost1 calle it gentilesse1 ,compassioun1 and felawship1 and trist2 ,departe it so1 for wyde-where is wist ,how that there is dyversitee requered #dje ,bitwixen thinges lyke1 as ,i have lered4 #ei4 ,and1 that thou knowe ,i thenke nought ne wene ,that this servyse a shame be or ,iape1 ,i have my faire suster ,polixene1 ,cassandre1 ,eleyne1 or any of the frape2 #daj ,be she never so faire or wel y-shape1 ,tel me1 which thou wilt of everichone1 ,to han for thyn1 and lat me thanne allone4 #fj4 ,but sin that thou hast don me this servyse1 ,my lyf to save1 and for noon hope of mede1 #dae ,so1 for the love of god1 this grete empryse ,parforme it out2 for now is moste nede4 ,for high and low1 with-outen any drede1 ,i wol alwey thyne hestes alle kepe2 ,have now good night1 and lat us bothe slepe4' #dbj #fa4 ,thus held him ech with other wel apayed1 ,that al the world ne mighte it bet amende2 ,and1 on the morwe1 whan they were arayed1 ,ech to his owene nedes gan entende4 ,but ,troilus1 though as the fyr he brende #dbe ,for sharp desyr of hope and of plesaunce1 ,he not for-gat his gode governaunce4 #fb4 ,but in him-self with manhod gan restreyne ,ech rakel dede and ech unbrydled chere1 ,that alle tho that liven1 sooth to seyne1 #dcj ,ne sholde han wist1 by word or by manere1 ,what that he mente1 as touching this matere4 ,from every wight as fer as is the cloude ,he was1 so wel dissimulen he coude4 #fc4 ,and al the whyl which that ,i yow devyse1 #dce ,this was his lyf2 with al his fulle might1 ,by day he was in ,martes high servyse1 ,this is to seyn1 in armes as a knight2 ,and for the more part1 the longe night ,he lay1 and thoughte how that he mighte serve #ddj ,his lady best1 hir thank for to deserve4 #fd4 ,nil ,i nought swer1 al-though he lay softe1 ,that in his thought he nas sumwhat disesed1 ,ne that he tornede on his pilwes ofte1 ,and wolde of that him missed han ben sesed2 #dde ,but in swich cas man is nought alwey plesed1 ,for ought ,i wot1 no more than was he2 ,that can ,i deme of possibilitee4 #fe4 ,but certeyn is1 to purpos for to go1 ,that in this whyle1 as writen is in geste1 #dej ,he say his lady som-tyme2 and also ,she with him spak1 whan that she dorste or leste1 ,and by hir bothe avys1 as was the beste1 ,apoynteden ful warly in this nede1 ,so as they dorste1 how they wolde procede4 #dee #ff4 ,but it was spoken in so short a wyse1 ,in swich awayt alwey1 and in swich fere1 ,lest any wyght divynen or devyse ,wolde of hem two1 or to it leye an ere1 ,that al this world so leef to hem ne were #dfj ,as that ,cupido wolde hem grace sende ,to maken of hir speche aright an ende4 #fg4 ,but thilke litel that they speke or wroughte1 ,his wyse goost took ay of al swich hede1 ,it semed hir1 he wiste what she thoughte #dfe ,with-outen word1 so that it was no nede ,to bidde him ought to done1 or ought for-bede2 ,for which she thoughte that love1 al come it late1 ,of alle ,ioye hadde opned hir the yate4 #fh4 ,and shortly of this proces for to pace1 #dgj ,so wel his werk and wordes he bisette1 ,that he so ful stood in his lady grace1 ,that twenty thousand tymes1 or she lette1 ,she thonked god she ever with him mette2 ,so coude he him governe in swich servyse1 #dge ,that al the world ne mighte it bet devyse4 #fi4 ,for-why she fond him so discreet in al1 ,so secret1 and of swich obisaunce1 ,that wel she felte he was to hir a wal ,of steel1 and sheld from every displesaunce2 #dhj ,that1 to ben in his gode governaunce1 ,so wys he was1 she was no more afered1 ,i mene1 as fer as oughte ben requered4 #gj4 ,and ,pandarus1 to quike alwey the fyr1 ,was ever y-lyke prest and diligent2 #dhe ,to ese his frend was set al his desyr4 ,he shof ay on1 he to and fro was sent2 ,he lettres bar whan ,troilus was absent4 ,that never man1 as in his freendes nede1 ,ne bar him bet than he1 with-outen drede4 #dij #ga4 ,but now1 paraunter1 som man wayten wolde ,that every word1 or sonde1 or look1 or chere ,of ,troilus that ,i rehersen sholde1 ,in al this whyle1 un-to his lady dere2 ,i trowe it were a long thing for to here2 #die ,or of what wight that stant in swich disioynte1 ,his wordes alle1 or every look1 to poynte4 #gb4 ,for sothe1 ,i have not herd it doon er this1 ,in storye noon1 ne no man here1 ,i wene2 ,and though ,i wolde ,i coude not1 y-wis2 #ejj ,for ther was som epistel hem bitwene1 ,that wolde1 as seyth myn auctor1 wel contene ,neigh half this book1 of which him list not wryte2 ,how sholde ,i thanne a lyne of it endyte8 #gc4 ,but to the grete effect3 than sey ,i thus1 #eje ,that stonding in concord and in quiete ,thise ilke two1 ,criseyde and ,troilus1 ,as ,i have told1 and in this tyme swete1 ,save only often mighte they not mete1 ,ne layser have hir speches to fulfelle1 #eaj ,that it befel right as ,i shal yow telle1 #gd4 ,that ,pandarus1 that ever dide his might ,right for the fyn that ,i shal speke of here1 ,as for to bringe to his hous som night ,his faire nece1 and ,troilus y-fere1 #eae ,wher-as at leyser al this heigh matere1 ,touching hir love1 were at the fulle up-bounde1 ,hadde out of doute a tyme to it founde4 #ge4 ,for he with greet deliberacioun ,hadde every thing that her-to mighte avayle #ebj ,forn-cast1 and put in execucioun1 ,and neither laft1 for cost ne for travayle2 ,come if hem lest1 hem sholde no-thing fayle2 ,and for to been in ought espyed there1 ,that1 wiste he wel1 an inpossible were4 #ebe #gf4 ,dredelees1 it cleer was in the wind ,of every pye and every lette-game2 ,now al is wel1 for al the world is blind ,in this matere1 bothe fremed and tame4 ,this timber is al redy up to frame2 #ecj ,us lakketh nought but that we witen wolde ,a certein houre1 in whiche she comen sholde4 #gg4 ,and ,troilus1 that al this purveyaunce ,knew at the fulle1 and waytede on it ay1 ,hadde here-up-on eek made gret ordenaunce1 #ece ,and founde his cause1 and ther-to his aray1 ,if that he were missed1 night or day1 ,ther-whyle he was aboute this servyse1 ,that he was goon to doon his sacrifyse1 #gh4 ,and moste at swich a temple alone wake1 #edj ,answered of ,appollo for to be2 ,and first1 to seen the holy laurer quake1 ,er that ,apollo spak out of the tree1 ,to telle him next whan ,grekes sholden flee1 ,and forthy lette him no man1 god forbede1 #ede ,but preye ,apollo helpen in this nede4 #gi4 ,now is ther litel more for to done1 ,but ,pandare up1 and shortly for to seyne1 ,right sone upon the chaunging of the mone1 ,whan lightles is the world a night or tweyne1 #eej ,and that the welken shoop him for to reyne1 ,he streight a-morwe un-to his nece wente2 ,ye han wel herd the fyn of his entente4 #hj4 ,whan he was come1 he gan anoon to pleye ,as he was wont1 and of him-self to ,iape2 #eee ,and fynally1 he swor and gan hir seye1 ,by this and that1 she sholde him not escape1 ,ne lengere doon him after hir to gape2 ,but certeynly she moste1 by hir leve1 ,come soupen in his hous with him at eve4 #efj #ha4 ,at whiche she lough1 and gan hir faste excuse1 ,and seyde1 'it rayneth2 lo1 how sholde ,i goon8' ',lat be1' quod he1 'ne stond not thus to muse2 ,this moot be doon1 ye shal be ther anoon4' ,so at the laste her-of they felle at oon1 #efe ,or elles1 softe he swor hir in hir ere1 ,he nolde never come ther she were4 #hb4 ,sone after this1 to him she gan to rowne1 ,and asked him if ,troilus were there8 ,he swor hir1 'nay1 for he was out of towne1' #egj ,and seyde1 'nece1 ,i pose that he were1 ,yow thurfte never have the more fere4 ,for rather than men mighte him ther aspye1 ,me were lever a thousand-fold to dye4' #hc4 ,nought list myn auctor fully to declare #ege ,what that she thoughte whan he seyde so1 ,that ,troilus was out of town y-fare1 ,as if he seyde ther-of sooth or no2 ,but that1 with-oute awayt1 with him to go1 ,she graunted him1 sith he hir that bisoughte1 #ehj ,and1 as his nece1 obeyed as hir oughte4 #hd4 ,but nathelees1 yet gan she him biseche1 ,al-though with him to goon it was no fere1 ,for to be war of goosish peples speche1 ,that dremen thinges whiche that never were1 #ehe ,and wel avyse him whom he broughte there2 ,and seyde him1 'eem1 sin ,i mot on yow triste1 ,loke al be wel1 and do now as yow liste4' #he4 ,he swor hir1 'yis1 by stokkes and by stones1 ,and by the goddes that in hevene dwelle1 #eij ,or elles were him lever1 soule and bones1 ,with ,pluto king as depe been in helle ,as ,tantalus6' ,what sholde ,i more telle8 ,whan al was wel1 he roos and took his leve1 ,and she to souper com1 whan it was eve1 #eie #hf4 ,with a certayn of hir owene men1 ,and with hir faire nece ,antigone1 ,and othere of hir wommen nyne or ten2 ,but who was glad now1 who1 as trowe ye1 ,but ,troilus1 that stood and mighte it see #fjj ,thurgh-out a litel windowe in a stewe1 ,ther he bishet1 sin midnight1 was in mewe1 #hg4 ,unwist of every wight but of ,pandare8 ,but to the poynt2 now whan she was y-come ,with alle ,ioye1 and alle frendes fare1 #fje ,hir eem anoon in armes hath hir nome1 ,and after to the souper1 alle and some1 ,whan tyme was1 ful softe they hem sette2 ,god wot1 ther was no deyntee for to fette4 #hh4 ,and after souper gonnen they to ryse1 #faj ,at ese wel1 with hertes fresshe and glade1 ,and wel was him that coude best devyse ,to lyken hir1 or that hir laughen made4 ,he song2 she pleyde2 he tolde tale of ,wade4 ,but at the laste1 as every thing hath ende1 #fae ,she took hir leve1 and nedes wolde wende4 #hi4 ,but ,o1 ,fortune1 executrice of wierdes1 ,o influences of thise hevenes hye6 ,soth is1 that1 under god1 ye ben our hierdes1 ,though to us bestes been the causes wrye4 #fbj ,this mene ,i now1 for she gan hoomward hye1 ,but execut was al bisyde hir leve1 ,at the goddes wil2 for which she moste bleve4 #ij4 ,the bente mone with hir hornes pale1 ,saturne1 and ,iove1 in ,cancro ioyned were1 #fbe ,that swich a rayn from hevene gan avale1 ,that every maner womman that was there ,hadde of that smoky reyn a verray fere2 ,at which ,pandare tho lough1 and seyde thenne1 ',now were it tyme a lady to go henne6 #fcj #ia4 ,but goode nece1 if ,i mighte ever plese ,yow any-thing1 than prey ,i yow1' quod he1 ',to doon myn herte as now so greet an ese ,as for to dwelle here al this night with me1 ,for-why this is your owene hous1 pardee4 #fce ,for1 by my trouthe1 ,i sey it nought a-game1 ,to wende as now1 it were to me a shame4' #ib4 ,criseyde1 whiche that coude as muche good ,as half a world1 tok hede of his preyere2 ,and sin it ron1 and al was on a flood1 #fdj ,she thoughte1 as good chep may ,i dwellen here1 ,and graunte it gladly with a freendes chere1 ,and have a thank1 as grucche and thanne abyde2 ,for hoom to goon it may nought wel bityde4 #ic4 ',i wol1' quod she1 'myn uncle leef and dere1 #fde ,sin that yow list1 it skile is to be so2 ,i am right glad with yow to dwellen here2 ,i seyde but a-game1 ,i wolde go4' ',y-wis1 graunt mercy1 nece6' quod he tho2 ',were it a game or no1 soth for to telle1 #fej ,now am ,i glad1 sin that yow list to dwelle4' #id4 ,thus al is wel2 but tho bigan aright ,the newe ,ioye1 and al the feste agayn2 ,but ,pandarus1 if goodly hadde he might1 ,he wolde han hyed hir to bedde fayn1 #fee ,and seyde1 'lord1 this is an huge rayn6 ,this were a weder for to slepen inne2 ,and that ,i rede us sone to biginne4 #ie4 ,and nece1 woot ye wher ,i wol yow leye1 ,for that we shul not liggen fer asonder1 #ffj ,and for ye neither shullen1 dar ,i seye1 ,heren noise of reynes nor of thondre8 ,by god1 right in my lyte closet yonder4 ,and ,i wol in that outer hous allone ,be wardeyn of your wommen everichone4 #ffe #if4 ,and in this middel chaumbre that ye see ,shul youre wommen slepen wel and softe2 ,and ther ,i seyde shal your-selve be2 ,and if ye liggen wel to-night1 com ofte1 ,and careth not what weder is on-lofte4 #fgj ,the wyn anon1 and whan so that yow leste1 ,so go we slepe1 ,i trowe it be the beste4' #ig4 ,ther nis no more1 but here-after sone1 ,the voyd dronke1 and travers drawe anon1 ,gan every wight1 that hadde nought to done #fge ,more in that place1 out of the chaumber gon4 ,and ever-mo so sternelich it ron1 ,and blew ther-with so wonderliche loude1 ,that wel neigh no man heren other coude4 #ih4 ,tho ,pandarus1 hir eem1 right as him oughte1 #fhj ,with women swiche as were hir most aboute1 ,ful glad un-to hir beddes syde hir broughte1 ,and toke his leve1 and gan ful lowe loute1 ,and seyde1 'here at this closet-dore with-oute1 ,right over-thwart1 your wommen liggen alle1 #fhe ,that1 whom yow liste of hem1 ye may here calle4' #ii4 ,so whan that she was in the closet leyd1 ,and alle hir wommen forth by ordenaunce ,a-bedde weren1 ther as ,i have seyd1 ,there was no more to skippen nor to traunce1 #fij ,but boden go to bedde1 with mischaunce1 ,if any wight was steringe any-where1 ,and late hem slepe that a-bedde were4 #ajj4 ,but ,pandarus1 that wel coude eche a del ,the olde daunce1 and every poynt ther-inne1 #fie ,whan that he sey that alle thing was wel1 ,he thoughte he wolde up-on his werk biginne1 ,and gan the stewe-dore al softe un-pinne1 ,and stille as stoon1 with-outen lenger lette1 ,by ,troilus a-doun right he him sette4 #gjj #aja4 ,and1 shortly to the poynt right for to gon1 ,of al this werk he tolde him word and ende1 ,and seyde1 'make thee redy right anon1 ,for thou shalt in-to hevene blisse wende4' ',now blisful ,venus1 thou me grace sende1' #gje ,quod ,troilus1 'for never yet no nede ,hadde ,i er now1 ne halvendel the drede4' #ajb4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'ne drede thee never a del1 ,for it shal been right as thou wilt desyre2 ,so thryve ,i1 this night shal ,i make it wel1 #gaj ,or casten al the gruwel in the fyre4' ',yit blisful ,venus1 this night thou me enspyre1' ,quod ,troilus1 'as wis as ,i thee serve1 ,and ever bet and bet shal1 til ,i sterve4 #ajc4 ,and if ,i hadde1 ,o ,venus ful of murthe1 #gae ,aspectes badde of ,mars or of ,saturne1 ,or thou combust or let were in my birthe1 ,thy fader prey al thilke harm disturne ,of grace1 and that ,i glad ayein may turne1 ,for love of him thou lovedest in the shawe1 #gbj ,i mene ,adoon1 that with the boor was slawe4 #ajd4 ,o ,iove eek1 for the love of faire ,europe1 ,the whiche in forme of bole away thou fette2 ,now help1 ,o ,mars1 thou with thy blody cope1 ,for love of ,cipris1 thou me nought ne lette2 #gbe ,o ,phebus1 thenk whan ,dane hir-selven shette ,under the bark1 and laurer wex for drede1 ,yet for hir love1 ,o help now at this nede6 #aje4 ,mercurie1 for the love of ,hiers eke1 ,for which ,pallas was with ,aglauros wrooth1 #gcj ,now help1 and eek ,diane1 ,i thee biseke1 ,that this viage be not to thee looth4 ,o fatal sustren1 which1 er any clooth ,me shapen was1 my desten me sponne1 ,so helpeth to this werk that is bi-gonne6' #gce #ajf4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'thou wrecched mouses herte1 ,art thou agast so that she wol thee byte8 ,why1 don this furred cloke up-on thy sherte1 ,and folowe me1 for ,i wol han the wyte2 ,but byd1 and lat me go bifore a lyte4' #gdj ,and with that word he gan un-do a trappe1 ,and ,troilus he broughte in by the lappe4 #ajg4 ,the sterne wind so loude gan to route ,that no wight other noyse mighte here2 ,and they that layen at the dore with-oute1 #gde ,ful sykerly they slepten alle y-fere2 ,and ,pandarus1 with a ful sobre chere1 ,goth to the dore anon with-outen lette1 ,ther-as they laye1 and softely it shette4 #ajh4 ,and as he com ayeinward prively1 #gej ,his nece awook1 and asked 'who goth there8' ',my dere nece1' quod he1 'it am ,i2 ,ne wondreth not1 ne have of it no fere2' ,and ner he com1 and seyde hir in hir ere1 ',no word1 for love of god ,i yow biseche2 #gee ,lat no wight ryse and heren of our speche4' #aji4 ',what6 which wey be ye comen1 benedicite8' ,quod she1 'and how thus unwist of hem alle8' ',here at this secre trappe-dore1' quod he4 ,quod tho ,criseyde1 'lat me som wight calle4' #gfj ',ey6 god forbede that it sholde falle1' ,quod ,pandarus1 'that ye swich foly wroughte6 ,they mighte deme thing they never er thoughte6 #aaj4 ,it is nought good a sleping hound to wake1 ,ne yeve a wight a cause to devyne2 #gfe ,your wommen slepen alle1 ,i under-take1 ,so that1 for hem1 the hous men mighte myne2 ,and slepen wolen til the sonne shyne4 ,and whan my tale al brought is to an ende1 ,unwist1 right as ,i com1 so wol ,i wende4 #ggj #aaa4 ,now nece myn1 ye shul wel understonde1' ,quod he1 'so as ye wommen demen alle1 ,that for to holde in love a man in honde1 ,and him hir leef and dere herte calle1 ,and maken him an howve above a calle1 #gge ,i mene1 as love an other in this whyle1 ,she doth hir-self a shame1 and him a gyle4 #aab4 ,now wherby that ,i telle yow al this8 ,ye woot your-self1 as wel as any wight1 ,how that your love al fully graunted is #ghj ,to ,troilus1 the worthieste knight1 ,oon of this world1 and ther-to trouthe plyght1 ,that1 but it were on him along1 ye nolde ,him never falsen1 whyl ye liven sholde4 #aac4 ,now stant it thus1 that sith ,i fro yow wente1 #ghe ,this ,troilus1 right platly for to seyn1 ,is thurgh a goter1 by a priv wente1 ,in-to my chaumbre come in al this reyn1 ,unwist of every maner wight1 certeyn1 ,save of my-self1 as wisly have ,i ,ioye1 #gij ,and by that feith ,i shal ,pryam of ,troye6 #aad4 ,and he is come in swich peyne and distresse ,that1 but he be al fully wood by this1 ,he sodeynly mot falle in-to wodnesse1 ,but-if god helpe2 and cause why this is1 #gie ,he seyth him told is1 of a freend of his1 ,how that ye sholde love oon that hatte ,horaste1 ,for sorwe of which this night shalt been his laste4' #aae4 ,criseyde1 which that al this wonder herde1 ,gan sodeynly aboute hir herte colde1 #hjj ,and with a syk she sorwfully answerde1 ',allas6 ,i wende1 who-so tales tolde1 ,my dere herte wolde me not holde ,so lightly fals6 allas6 conceytes wronge1 ,what harm they doon1 for now live ,i to longe6 #hje #aaf4 ,horaste6 allas6 and falsen ,troilus8 ,i knowe him not1 god helpe me so1' quod she2 ',allas6 what wikked spirit tolde him thus8 ,now certes1 eem1 to-morwe1 and ,i him see1 ,i shal ther-of as ful excusen me #haj ,as ever dide womman1 if him lyke'2 ,and with that word she gan ful sore syke4 #aag4 ',o god6' quod she1 'so worldly selinesse1 ,which clerkes callen fals felicitee1 ,y-medled is with many a bitternesse6 #hae ,ful anguisshous than is1 god woot1' quod she1 ',condicioun of veyn prosperitee2 ,for either ,ioyes comen nought y-fere1 ,or elles no wight hath hem alwey here4 #aah4 ,o brotel wele of mannes ,ioye unstable6 #hbj ,with what wight so thou be1 or how thou pleye1 ,either he woot that thou1 ,ioye1 art muable1 ,or woot it not1 it moot ben oon of tweye2 ,now if he woot it not1 how may he seye ,that he hath verray ,ioye and selinesse1 #hbe ,that is of ignoraunce ay in derknesse8 #aai4 ,now if he woot that ,ioye is transitorie1 ,as every ,ioye of worldly thing mot flee1 ,than every tyme he that hath in memorie1 ,the drede of lesing maketh him that he #hcj ,may in no parfit selinesse be4 ,and if to lese his ,ioye he set a myte1 ,than semeth it that ,ioye is worth ful lyte4 #abj4 ,wherfore ,i wol deffyne in this matere1 ,that trewely1 for ought ,i can espye1 #hce ,ther is no verray wele in this world here4 ,but ,o1 thou wikked serpent ,ialousye1 ,thou misbeleved and envious folye1 ,why hastow ,troilus me mad untriste1 ,that never yet agilte him1 that ,i wiste8' #hdj #aba4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'thus fallen is this cas4' ',why1 uncle myn1' quod she1 'who tolde him this8 ,why doth my dere herte thus1 allas8' ',ye woot1 ye nece myn1' quod he1 'what is2 ,i hope al shal be wel that is amis4 #hde ,for ye may quenche al this1 if that yow leste1 ,and doth right so1 for ,i holde it the beste4' #abb4 ',so shal ,i do to-morwe1 y-wis1' quod she1 ',and god to-forn1 so that it shal suffyse4' ',to-morwe8 allas1 that were a fayr1' quod he1 #hej ',nay1 nay1 it may not stonden in this wyse2 ,for1 nece myn1 thus wryten clerkes wyse1 ,that peril is with drecching in y-drawe2 ,nay1 swich abodes been nought worth an hawe4 #abc4 ,nece1 al thing hath tyme1 ,i dar avowe2 #hee ,for whan a chaumber a-fyr is1 or an halle1 ,wel more nede is1 it sodeynly rescowe ,than to dispute1 and axe amonges alle ,how is this candele in the straw y-falle8 ,a6 benedicite6 for al among that fare #hfj ,the harm is doon1 and fare-wel feldefare6 #abd4 ,and1 nece myn1 ne take it not a-greef1 ,if that ye suffre him al night in this wo1 ,god help me so1 ye hadde him never leef1 ,that dar ,i seyn1 now there is but we two2 #hfe ,but wel ,i woot1 that ye wol not do so2 ,ye been to wys to do so gret folye1 ,to putte his lyf al night in ,iupartye4' #abe4 ',hadde ,i him never leef8 ,by god1 ,i wene ,ye hadde never thing so leef1' quod she4 #hgj ',now by my thrift1' quod he1 'that shal be sene2 ,for1 sin ye make this ensample of me1 ,if ,i al night wolde him in sorwe see ,for al the tresour in the toun of ,troye1 ,i bidde god1 ,i never mote have ,ioye6 #hge #abf4 ,now loke thanne1 if ye1 that been his love1 ,shul putte al night his lyf in ,iupartye ,for thing of nought6 ,now1 by that god above1 ,nought only this delay comth of folye1 ,but of malyce1 if that ,i shal nought lye4 #hhj ,what1 platly1 and ye suffre him in distresse1 ,ye neither bountee doon ne gentilesse6' #abg4 ,quod tho ,criseyde1 'wole ye doon o thing1 ,and ye therwith shal stinte al his disese2 ,have here1 and bereth him this blewe ringe1 #hhe ,for ther is no-thing mighte him bettre plese1 ,save ,i my-self1 ne more his herte apese2 ,and sey my dere herte1 that his sorwe ,is causeles1 that shal be seen to-morwe4' #abh4 ',a ring8' quod he1 'ye1 hasel-wodes shaken6 #hij ,ye1 nece myn1 that ring moste han a stoon ,that mighte dede men alyve maken2 ,and swich a ring1 trowe ,i that ye have noon4 ,discrecioun out of your heed is goon2 ,that fele ,i now1' quod he1 'and that is routhe2 #hie ,o tyme y-lost1 wel maystow cursen slouthe6 #abi4 ,wot ye not wel that noble and heigh corage ,ne sorweth not1 ne stinteth eek for lyte8 ,but if a fool were in a ,ialous rage1 ,i nolde setten at his sorwe a myte1 #ijj ,but feffe him with a fewe wordes whyte ,another day1 whan that ,i mighte him finde3 ,but this thing stont al in another kinde4 #acj4 ,this is so gentil and so tendre of herte1 ,that with his deeth he wol his sorwes wreke2 #ije ,for trusteth wel1 how sore that him smerte1 ,he wol to yow no ,ialouse wordes speke4 ,and for-thy1 nece1 er that his herte breke1 ,so spek your-self to him of this matere2 ,for with o word ye may his herte stere4 #iaj #aca4 ,now have ,i told what peril he is inne1 ,and his coming unwist is to every wight2 ,ne1 pardee1 harm may ther be noon ne sinne2 ,i wol my-self be with yow al this night4 ,ye knowe eek how it is your owne knight1 #iae ,and that1 by right1 ye moste upon him triste1 ,and ,i al prest to fecche him whan yow liste4' #acb4 ,this accident so pitous was to here1 ,and eek so lyk a sooth1 at pryme face1 ,and ,troilus hir knight to hir so dere1 #ibj ,his priv coming1 and the siker place1 ,that1 though that she dide him as thanne a grace1 ,considered alle thinges as they stode1 ,no wonder is1 sin she dide al for gode4 #acc4 ,cryseyde answerde1 'as wisly god at reste #ibe ,my sowle bringe1 as me is for him wo6 ,and eem1 y-wis1 fayn wolde ,i doon the beste1 ,if that ,i hadde grace to do so4 ,but whether that ye dwelle or for him go1 ,i am1 til god me bettre minde sende1 #icj ,at dulcarnon1 right at my wittes ende4' #acd4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'ye1 nece1 wol ye here8 ,dulcarnon called is fleminge of wrecches2 ,it semeth hard1 for wrecches wol not lere ,for verray slouthe or othere wilful tecches2 #ice ,this seyd by hem that be not worth two fecches4 ,but ye ben wys1 and that we han on honde ,nis neither hard1 ne skilful to withstonde4' #ace4 ',thanne1 eem1' quod she1 'doth her-of as yow list2 ,but er he come ,i wil up first aryse2 #idj ,and1 for the love of god1 sin al my trist ,is on yow two1 and ye ben bothe wyse1 ,so wircheth now in so discreet a wyse1 ,that ,i honour may have1 and he plesaunce2 ,for ,i am here al in your governaunce4' #ide #acf4 ',that is wel seyd1' quod he1 'my nece dere1 ,ther good thrift on that wyse gentil herte6 ,but liggeth stille1 and taketh him right here1 ,it nedeth not no ferther for him sterte2 ,and ech of yow ese otheres sorwes smerte1 #iej ,for love of god2 and1 ,venus1 ,i thee herie2 ,for sone hope ,i we shulle ben alle merie4' #acg4 ,this ,troilus ful sone on knees him sette ,ful sobrely1 right by hir beddes heed1 ,and in his beste wyse his lady grette2 #iee ,but lord1 so she wex sodeynliche reed6 ,ne1 though men sholden smyten of hir heed1 ,she coude nought a word a-right out-bringe ,so sodeynly1 for his sodeyn cominge4 #ach4 ,but ,pandarus1 that so wel coude fele #ifj ,in every thing1 to pleye anoon bigan1 ,and seyde1 'nece1 see how this lord can knele6 ,now1 for your trouthe1 seeth this gentil man6' ,and with that word he for a quisshen ran1 ,and seyde1 'kneleth now1 whyl that yow leste1 #ife ,ther god your hertes bringe sone at reste6' #aci4 ,can ,i not seyn1 for she bad him not ryse1 ,if sorwe it putte out of hir remembraunce1 ,or elles if she toke it in the wyse ,of dutee1 as for his observaunce2 #igj ,but wel finde ,i she dide him this plesaunce1 ,that she him kiste1 al-though she syked sore2 ,and bad him sitte a-doun with-outen more4 #adj4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'now wol ye wel biginne2 ,now doth him sitte1 gode nece dere1 #ige ,upon your beddes syde al there with-inne1 ,that ech of yow the bet may other here4' ,and with that word he drow him to the fere1 ,and took a light1 and fond his contenaunce ,as for to loke up-on an old romaunce4 #ihj #ada4 ,criseyde1 that was ,troilus lady right1 ,and cleer stood on a ground of sikernesse1 ,al thoughte she1 hir servaunt and hir knight ,ne sholde of right non untrouthe in hir gesse1 ,yet nathelees1 considered his distresse1 #ihe ,and that love is in cause of swich folye1 ,thus to him spak she of his ,ielousye3 #adb4 ',lo1 herte myn1 as wolde the excellence ,of love1 ayeins the which that no man may1 ,ne oughte eek goodly maken resistence #iij ,and eek bycause ,i felte wel and say ,your grete trouthe1 and servyse every day2 ,and that your herte al myn was1 sooth to seyne1 ,this droof me for to rewe up-on your peyne4 #adc4 ,and your goodnesse have ,i founde alwey yit1 #iie ,of whiche1 my dere herte and al my knight1 ,i thonke it yow1 as fer as ,i have wit1 ,al can ,i nought as muche as it were right2 ,and ,i1 emforth my conninge and my might1 ,have and ay shal1 how sore that me smerte1 #ajjj ,ben to yow trewe and hool1 with al myn herte2 #add4 ,and dredelees1 that shal be founde at preve4--- ,but1 herte myn1 what al this is to seyne ,shal wel be told1 so that ye noght yow greve1 ,though ,i to yow right on your-self compleyne4 #ajje ,for ther-with mene ,i fynally the peyne1 ,that halt your herte and myn in hevinesse1 ,fully to sleen1 and every wrong redresse4 #ade4 ,my goode1 myn1 not ,i for-why ne how ,that ,ialousye1 allas6 that wikked wivere1 #ajaj ,thus causelees is cropen in-to yow2 ,the harm of which ,i wolde fayn delivere6 ,allas6 that he1 al hool1 or of him slivere1 ,shuld have his refut in so digne a place1 ,ther ,iove him sone out of your herte arace6 #ajae #adf4 ,but ,o1 thou ,iove1 ,o auctor of nature1 ,is this an honour to thy deitee1 ,that folk ungiltif suffren here iniure1 ,and who that giltif is1 al quit goth he8 ,o were it leful for to pleyne on thee1 #ajbj ,that undeserved suffrest ,ialousye1 ,and that ,i wolde up-on thee pleyne and crye6 #adg4 ,eek al my wo is this1 that folk now usen ,to seyn right thus1 ye1 ,ialousye is love6 ,and wolde a busshel venim al excusen1 #ajbe ,for that o greyn of love is on it shove6 ,but that wot heighe god that sit above1 ,if it be lyker love1 or hate1 or grame2 ,and after that1 it oughte bere his name4 #adh4 ,but certeyn is1 som maner ,ialousye #ajcj ,is excusable more than som1 y-wis4 ,as whan cause is1 and som swich fantasye ,with pietee so wel repressed is1 ,that it unnethe dooth or seyth amis1 ,but goodly drinketh up al his distresse2 #ajce ,and that excuse ,i1 for the gentilesse4 #adi4 ,and som so ful of furie is and despyt1 ,that it sourmounteth his repressioun2 ,but herte myn1 ye be not in that plyt1 ,that thanke ,i god1 for whiche your passioun #ajdj ,i wol not calle it but illusioun1 ,of habundaunce of love and bisy cure1 ,that dooth your herte this disese endure4 #aej4 ,of which ,i am right sory1 but not wrooth2 ,but1 for my devoir and your hertes reste1 #ajde ,wher-so yow list1 by ordal or by ooth1 ,by sort1 or in what wyse so yow leste1 ,for love of god1 lat preve it for the beste6 ,and if that ,i be giltif1 do me deye1 ,allas6 what mighte ,i more doon or seye8' #ajej #aea4 ,with that a fewe brighte teres newe ,out of hir eyen fille1 and thus she seyde1 ',now god1 thou wost1 in thought ne dede untrewe ,to ,troilus was never yet ,criseyde4' ,with that hir heed doun in the bed she leyde1 #ajee ,and with the shete it wreigh1 and syghed sore1 ,and held hir pees2 not o word spak she more4 #aeb4 ,but now help god to quenchen al this sorwe1 ,so hope ,i that he shal1 for he best may2 ,for ,i have seyn1 of a ful misty morwe #ajfj ,folwen ful ofte a mery someres day2 ,and after winter folweth grene ,may4 ,men seen alday1 and reden eek in stories1 ,that after sharpe shoures been victories4 #aec4 ,this ,troilus1 whan he hir wordes herde1 #ajfe ,have ye no care1 him liste not to slepe2 ,for it thoughte him no strokes of a yerde ,to here or seen ,criseyde his lady wepe2 ,but wel he felte aboute his herte crepe1 ,for every teer which that ,criseyde asterte1 #ajgj ,the crampe of deeth1 to streyne him by the herte4 #aed4 ,and in his minde he gan the tyme acurse ,that he cam ther1 and that he was born2 ,for now is wikke y-turned in-to worse1 ,and al that labour he hath doon biforn1 #ajge ,he wende it lost1 he thoughte he nas but lorn4 ',o ,pandarus1' thoughte he1 'allas6 thy wyle ,serveth of nought1 so weylawey the whyle6' #aee4 ,and therwithal he heng a-doun the heed1 ,and fil on knees1 and sorwfully he sighte2 #ajhj ,what mighte he seyn8 he felte he nas but deed1 ,for wrooth was she that shulde his sorwes lighte4 ,but nathelees1 whan that he speken mighte1 ,than seyde he thus1 'god woot1 that of this game1 ,whan al is wist1 than am ,i not to blame6' #ajhe #aef4 ,ther-with the sorwe so his herte shette1 ,that from his eyen fil ther not a tere1 ,and every spirit his vigour in-knette1 ,so they astoned and oppressed were4 ,the feling of his sorwe1 or of his fere1 #ajij ,or of ought elles1 fled was out of towne2 ,and doun he fel al sodeynly a-swowne4 #aeg4 ,this was no litel sorwe for to see2 ,but al was hust1 and ,pandare up as faste1 ',o nece1 pees1 or we be lost1' quod he1 #ajie ,beth nought agast2' but certeyn1 at the laste1 ,for this or that1 he in-to bedde him caste1 ,and seyde1 ',o theef1 is this a mannes herte8' ,and of he rente al to his bare sherte2 #aeh4 ,and seyde1 'nece1 but ye helpe us now1 #aajj ,allas1 your owne ,troilus is lorn6' ',y-wis1 so wolde ,i1 and ,i wiste how1 ,ful fayn1' quod she2 'allas6 that ,i was born6' ',ye1 nece1 wol ye pullen out the thorn ,that stiketh in his herte8' quod ,pandare2 #aaje ',sey al foryeve1 and stint is al this fare6' #aei4 ',ye1 that to me1' quod she1 'ful lever were ,than al the good the sonne aboute gooth'2 ,and therwith-al she swoor him in his ere1 ',y-wis1 my dere herte1 ,i am nought wrooth1 #aaaj ,have here my trouthe and many another ooth2 ,now speek to me1 for it am ,i1 ,cryseyde6' ,but al for nought2 yet mighte he not a-breyde4 #afj4 ,therwith his pous and pawmes of his hondes ,they gan to frote1 and wete his temples tweyne1 #aaae ,and1 to deliveren him from bittre bondes1 ,she ofte him kiste2 and1 shortly for to seyne1 ,him to revoken she dide al hir peyne4 ,and at the laste1 he gan his breeth to drawe1 ,and of his swough sone after that adawe1 #aabj #afa4 ,and gan bet minde and reson to him take1 ,but wonder sore he was abayst1 y-wis4 ,and with a syk1 whan he gan bet a-wake1 ,he seyde1 ',o mercy1 god1 what thing is this8' ',why do ye with your-selven thus amis8' #aabe ,quod tho ,criseyde1 'is this a mannes game8 ,what1 ,troilus6 wol ye do thus1 for shame8' #afb4 ,and therwith-al hir arm over him she leyde1 ,and al foryaf1 and ofte tyme him keste4 ,he thonked hir1 and to hir spak1 and seyde #aacj ,as fil to purpos for his herte reste4 ,and she to that answerde him as hir leste2 ,and with hir goodly wordes him disporte ,she gan1 and ofte his sorwes to comforte4 #afc4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'for ought ,i can espyen1 #aace ,this light nor ,i ne serven here of nought2 ,light is not good for syke folkes yn4 ,but for the love of god1 sin ye be brought ,in thus good plyt1 lat now non hevy thought ,ben hanginge in the hertes of yow tweye3' #aadj ,and bar the candele to the chimeneye4 #afd4 ,sone after this1 though it no nede were1 ,whan she swich othes as hir list devyse ,hadde of him take1 hir thoughte tho no fere1 ,ne cause eek non1 to bidde him thennes ryse4 #aade ,yet lesse thing than othes may suffyse ,in many a cas2 for every wight1 ,i gesse1 ,that loveth wel meneth but gentilesse4 #afe4 ,but in effect she wolde wite anoon ,of what man1 and eek where1 and also why #aaej ,he ,ielous was1 sin ther was cause noon2 ,and eek the signe1 that he took it by1 ,she bad him that to telle hir bisily1 ,or elles1 certeyn1 she bar him on honde1 ,that this was doon of malis1 hir to fonde4 #aaee #aff4 ,with-outen more1 shortly for to seyne1 ,he moste obeye un-to his lady heste2 ,and for the lasse harm1 he moste feyne4 ,he seyde hir1 whan she was at swiche a feste ,she mighte on him han loked at the leste2 #aafj ,not ,i not what1 al dere y-nough a risshe1 ,as he that nedes moste a cause fisshe4 #afg4 ,and she answerde1 'swete1 al were it so1 ,what harm was that1 sin ,i non yvel mene8 ,for1 by that god that boughte us bothe two1 #aafe ,in alle thinge is myn entente clene4 ,swich arguments ne been not worth a bene2 ,wol ye the childish ,ialous contrefete8 ,now were it worthy that ye were y-bete4' #afh4 ,tho ,troilus gan sorwfully to syke1 #aagj ,lest she be wrooth1 him thoughte his herte deyde2 ,and seyde1 'allas6 upon my sorwes syke ,have mercy1 swete herte myn1 ,cryseyde6 ,and if that1 in tho wordes that ,i seyde1 ,be any wrong1 ,i wol no more trespace2 #aage ,do what yow list1 ,i am al in your grace4' #afi4 ,and she answerde1 'of gilt misericorde6 ,that is to seyn1 that ,i foryeve al this2 ,and ever-more on this night yow recorde1 ,and beth wel war ye do no more amis4' #aahj ',nay1 dere herte myn1' quod he1 'y-wis4' ',and now1' quod she1 'that ,i have do yow smerte1 ,foryeve it me1 myn owene swete herte4' #agj4 ,this ,troilus1 with blisse of that supprysed1 ,put al in goddes hond1 as he that mente #aahe ,no-thing but wel2 and1 sodeynly avysed1 ,he hir in armes faste to him hente4 ,and ,pandarus1 with a ful good entente1 ,leyde him to slepe1 and seyde1 'if ye ben wyse1 ,swowneth not now1 lest more folk aryse4' #aaij #aga4 ,what mighte or may the sely larke seye1 ,whan that the sparhauk hath it in his foot8 ,i can no more1 but of thise ilke tweye1 ,to whom this tale sucre be or soot1 ,though that ,i tarie a yeer1 som-tyme ,i moot1 #aaie ,after myn auctor1 tellen hir gladnesse1 ,as wel as ,i have told hir hevinesse4 #agb4 ,criseyde1 which that felte hir thus y-take1 ,as writen clerkes in hir bokes olde1 ,right as an aspes leef she gan to quake1 #abjj ,whan she him felte hir in his armes folde4 ,but ,troilus1 al hool of cares colde1 ,gan thanken tho the blisful goddes sevene2 ,thus sondry peynes bringen folk to hevene4 #agc4 ,this ,troilus in armes gan hir streyne1 #abje ,and seyde1 ',o swete1 as ever mote ,i goon1 ,now be ye caught1 now is ther but we tweyne2 ,now yeldeth yow1 for other boot is noon4' ,to that ,criseyde answerde thus anoon1 ',ne hadde ,i er now1 my swete herte dere1 #abaj ,ben yolde1 y-wis1 ,i were now not here6' #agd4 ,o6 sooth is seyd1 that heled for to be ,as of a fevre or othere greet syknesse1 ,men moste drinke1 as men may often see1 ,ful bittre drink2 and for to han gladnesse1 #abae ,men drinken often peyne and greet distresse2 ,i mene it here1 as for this aventure1 ,that thourgh a peyne hath founden al his cure4 #age4 ,and now swetnesse semeth more sweet1 ,that bitternesse assayed was biforn2 #abbj ,for out of wo in blisse now they flete4 ,non swich they felten1 sith they were born2 ,now is this bet1 than bothe two be lorn6 ,for love of god1 take every womman hede ,to werken thus1 if it comth to the nede4 #abbe #agf4 ,criseyde1 al quit from every drede and tene1 ,as she that iuste cause hadde him to triste1 ,made him swich feste1 it ,ioye was to sene1 ,whan she his trouthe and clene entente wiste4 ,and as aboute a tree1 with many a twiste1 #abcj ,bitrent and wryth the sote wode-binde1 ,gan eche of hem in armes other winde4 #agg4 ,and as the newe abaysshed nightingale1 ,that stinteth first whan she biginneth singe1 ,whan that she hereth any herde tale1 #abce ,or in the hegges any wight steringe1 ,and after siker dooth hir voys out-ringe2 ,right so ,criseyde1 whan hir drede stente1 ,opned hir herte1 and tolde him hir entente4 #agh4 ,and right as he that seeth his deeth y-shapen1 #abdj ,and deye moot1 in ought that he may gesse1 ,and sodeynly rescous doth him escapen1 ,and from his deeth is brought in sikernesse1 ,for al this world1 in swich present gladnesse ,was ,troilus1 and hath his lady swete2 #abde ,with worse hap god lat us never mete6 #agi4 ,hir armes smale1 hir streyghte bak and softe1 ,hir sydes longe1 fleshly1 smothe1 and whyte ,he gan to stroke1 and good thrift bad ful ofte ,hir snowish throte1 hir brestes rounde and lyte2 #abej ,thus in this hevene he gan him to delyte1 ,and ther-with-al a thousand tyme hir kiste2 ,that1 what to done1 for ,ioye unnethe he wiste4 #ahj4 ,than seyde he thus1 ',o1 ,love1 ,o1 ,charitee1 ,thy moder eek1 ,citherea the swete1 #abee ,after thy-self next heried be she1 ,venus mene ,i1 the wel-willy planete2 ,and next that1 ,imenus1 ,i thee grete2 ,for never man was to yow goddes holde ,as ,i1 which ye han brought fro cares colde4 #abfj #aha4 ,benigne ,love1 thou holy bond of thinges1 ,who-so wol grace1 and list thee nought honouren1 ,lo1 his desyr wol flee with-outen winges4 ,for1 noldestow of bountee hem socouren ,that serven best and most alwey labouren1 #abfe ,yet were al lost1 that dar ,i wel seyn1 certes1 ,but-if thy grace passed our desertes4 #ahb4 ,and for thou me1 that coude leest deserve ,of hem that nombred been un-to thy grace1 ,hast holpen1 ther ,i lykly was to sterve1 #abgj ,and me bistowed in so heygh a place ,that thilke boundes may no blisse pace1 ,i can no more1 but laude and reverence ,be to thy bounte and thyn excellence6' #ahc4 ,and therwith-al ,criseyde anoon he kiste1 #abge ,of which1 certeyn1 she felte no disese4 ,and thus seyde he1 'now wolde god ,i wiste1 ,myn herte swete1 how ,i yow mighte plese6 ,what man1' quod he1 'was ever thus at ese ,as ,i1 on whiche the faireste and the beste #abhj ,that ever ,i say1 deyneth hir herte reste4 #ahd4 ,here may men seen that mercy passeth right2 ,the experience of that is felt in me1 ,that am unworthy to so swete a wight4 ,but herte myn1 of your benignitee1 #abhe ,so thenketh1 though that ,i unworthy be1 ,yet mot ,i nede amenden in som wyse1 ,right thourgh the vertu of your heyghe servyse4 #ahe4 ,and for the love of god1 my lady dere1 ,sin god hath wrought me for ,i shal yow serve1 #abij ,as thus ,i mene1 that ye wol be my stere1 ,to do me live1 if that yow liste1 or sterve1 ,so techeth me how that ,i may deserve ,your thank1 so that ,i1 thurgh myn ignoraunce1 ,ne do no-thing that yow be displesaunce4 #abie #ahf4 ,for certes1 fresshe wommanliche wyf1 ,this dar ,i seye1 that trouthe and diligence1 ,that shal ye finden in me al my lyf1 ,ne ,i wol not1 certeyn1 breken your defence2 ,and if ,i do1 present or in absence1 #acjj ,for love of god1 lat slee me with the dede1 ,if that it lyke un-to your womanhede4' #ahg4 ',y-wis1' quod she1 'myn owne hertes list1 ,my ground of ese1 and al myn herte dere1 ,graunt mercy1 for on that is al my trist2 #acje ,but late us falle awey fro this matere2 ,for it suffyseth1 this that seyd is here4 ,and at o word1 with-outen repentaunce1 ,wel-come1 my knight1 my pees1 my suffisaunce6' #ahh4 ,of hir delyt1 or ,ioyes oon the leste #acaj ,were impossible to my wit to seye2 ,but iuggeth1 ye that han ben at the feste1 ,of swich gladnesse1 if that hem liste pleye6 ,i can no more1 but thus thise ilke tweye ,that night1 be-twixen dreed and sikernesse1 #acae ,felten in love the grete worthinesse4 #ahi4 ,o blisful night1 of hem so longe y-sought1 ,how blithe un-to hem bothe two thou were6 ,why ne hadde ,i swich on with my soule y-bought1 ,ye1 or the leeste ,ioye that was there8 #acbj ,a-wey1 thou foule daunger and thou fere1 ,and lat hem in this hevene blisse dwelle1 ,that is so heygh1 that al ne can ,i telle6 #aij4 ,but sooth is1 though ,i can not tellen al1 ,as can myn auctor1 of his excellence1 #acbe ,yet have ,i seyd1 and1 god to-forn1 ,i shal ,in every thing al hoolly his sentence4 ,and if that ,i1 at loves reverence1 ,have any word in eched for the beste1 ,doth therwith-al right as your-selven leste4 #accj #aia4 ,for myne wordes1 here and every part1 ,i speke hem alle under correccioun ,of yow1 that feling han in loves art1 ,and putte it al in your discrecioun ,to encrese or maken diminucioun #acce ,of my langage1 and that ,i yow bi-seche2 ,but now to purpos of my rather speche4 #aib4 ,thise ilke two1 that ben in armes laft1 ,so looth to hem a-sonder goon it were1 ,that ech from other wende been biraft1 #acdj ,or elles1 lo1 this was hir moste fere1 ,that al this thing but nyce dremes were2 ,for which ful ofte ech of hem seyde1 ',o swete1 ,clippe ich yow thus1 or elles ,i it mete8' #aic4 ,and1 lord6 so he gan goodly on hir see1 #acde ,that never his look ne bleynte from hir face1 ,and seyde1 ',o dere herte1 may it be ,that it be sooth1 that ye ben in this place8' ',ye1 herte myn1 god thank ,i of his grace6' ,quod tho ,criseyde1 and therwith-al him kiste1 #acej ,that where his spirit was1 for ,ioye he niste4 #aid4 ,this ,troilus ful ofte hir eyen two ,gan for to kisse1 and seyde1 ',o eyen clere1 ,it were ye that wroughte me swich wo1 ,ye humble nettes of my lady dere6 #acee ,though ther be mercy writen in your chere1 ,god wot1 the text ful hard is1 sooth1 to finde1 ,how coude ye with-outen bond me binde8' #aie4 ,therwith he gan hir faste in armes take1 ,and wel an hundred tymes gan he syke1 #acfj ,nought swiche sorwful sykes as men make ,for wo1 or elles whan that folk ben syke1 ,but esy sykes1 swiche as been to lyke1 ,that shewed his affeccioun with-inne2 ,of swiche sykes coude he nought bilinne4 #acfe #aif4 ,sone after this they speke of sondry thinges1 ,as fil to purpos of this aventure1 ,and pleyinge entrechaungeden hir ringes1 ,of which ,i can nought tellen no scripture2 ,but wel ,i woot a broche1 gold and asure1 #acgj ,in whiche a ruby set was lyk an herte1 ,criseyde him yaf1 and stak it on his sherte4 #aig4 ,lord6 trowe ye1 a coveitous1 a wrecche1 ,that blameth love and holt of it despyt1 ,that1 of tho pens that he can mokre and kecche1 #acge ,was ever yet y-yeve him swich delyt1 ,as is in love1 in oo poynt1 in som plyt8 ,nay1 doutelees1 for also god me save1 ,so parfit ,ioye may no nigard have6 #aih4 ,they wol sey 'yis1' but lord6 so that they lye1 #achj ,tho bisy wrecches1 ful of wo and drede6 ,they callen love a woodnesse or folye1 ,but it shal falle hem as ,i shal yow rede2 ,they shul forgo the whyte and eke the rede1 ,and live in wo1 ther god yeve hem mischaunce1 #ache ,and every lover in his trouthe avaunce6 #aii4 ,as wolde god1 tho wrecches1 that dispyse ,servyse of love1 hadde eres al-so longe ,as hadde ,myda1 ful of coveityse2 ,and ther-to dronken hadde as hoot and stronge #acij ,as ,crassus dide for his affectis wronge1 ,to techen hem that they ben in the vyce1 ,and loveres nought1 al-though they holde hem nyce6 #bjj4 ,thise ilke two1 of whom that ,i yow seye1 ,whan that hir hertes wel assured were1 #acie ,tho gonne they to speken and to pleye1 ,and eek rehercen how1 and whanne1 and where1 ,they knewe hem first1 and every wo and fere ,that passed was2 but al swich hevinesse1 ,i thanke it god1 was tourned to gladnesse4 #adjj #bja4 ,and ever-mo1 whan that hem fel to speke ,of any thing of swich a tyme agoon1 ,with kissing al that tale sholde breke1 ,and fallen in a newe ,ioye anoon1 ,and diden al hir might1 sin they were oon1 #adje ,for to recoveren blisse and been at ese1 ,and passed wo with ,ioye countrepeyse4 #bjb4 ,reson wil not that ,i speke of sleep1 ,for it accordeth nought to my matere2 ,god woot1 they toke of that ful litel keep1 #adaj ,but lest this night1 that was to hem so dere1 ,ne sholde in veyn escape in no manere1 ,it was biset in ,ioye and bisinesse ,of al that souneth in-to gentilnesse4 #bjc4 ,but whan the cok1 comune astrologer1 #adae ,gan on his brest to bete1 and after crowe1 ,and ,lucifer1 the dayes messager1 ,gan for to ryse1 and out hir bemes throwe2 ,and estward roos1 to him that coude it knowe1 ,fortuna maior1 than anoon ,criseyde1 #adbj ,with herte sore1 to ,troilus thus seyde3-- #bjd4 ',myn hertes lyf1 my trist and my plesaunce1 ,that ,i was born1 allas6 what me is wo1 ,that day of us mot make desseveraunce6 ,for tyme it is to ryse1 and hennes go1 #adbe ,or elles ,i am lost for evermo6 ,o night1 allas6 why niltow over us hove1 ,as longe as whanne ,almena lay by ,iove8 #bje4 ,o blake night1 as folk in bokes rede1 ,that shapen art by god this world to hyde #adcj ,at certeyn tymes with thy derke wede1 ,that under that men mighte in reste abyde1 ,wel oughte bestes pleyne1 and folk thee chyde1 ,that there-as day with labour wolde us breste1 ,that thou thus fleest1 and deynest us nought reste6 #adce #bjf4 ,thou dost1 allas6 to shortly thyn offyce1 ,thou rakel night1 ther god1 makere of kinde1 ,thee1 for thyn hast and thyn unkinde vyce1 ,so faste ay to our hemi-spere binde1 ,that never-more under the ground thou winde6 #addj ,for now1 for thou so hyest out of ,troye1 ,have ,i forgon thus hastily my ,ioye6' #bjg4 ,this ,troilus1 that with tho wordes felte1 ,as thoughte him tho1 for pietous distresse1 ,the blody teres from his herte melte1 #adde ,as he that never yet swich hevinesse ,assayed hadde1 out of so greet gladnesse1 ,gan therwith-al ,criseyde his lady dere ,in armes streyne1 and seyde in this manere3-- #bjh4 ',o cruel day1 accusour of the ,ioye #adej ,that night and love han stole and faste y-wryen1 ,a-cursed be thy coming in-to ,troye1 ,for every bore hath oon of thy bright yn6 ,envyous day1 what list thee so to spyen8 ,what hastow lost1 why sekestow this place1 #adee ,ther god thy lyght so quenche1 for his grace8 #bji4 ,allas6 what han thise loveres thee agilt1 ,dispitous day8 thyn be the pyne of helle6 ,for many a lovere hastow shent1 and wilt2 ,thy pouring in wol no-wher lete hem dwelle4 #adfj ,what proferestow thy light here for to selle8 ,go selle it hem that smale seles graven1 ,we wol thee nought1 us nedeth no day haven4' #baj4 ,and eek the sonne ,tytan gan he chyde1 ,and seyde1 ',o fool1 wel may men thee dispyse1 #adfe ,that hast the ,dawing al night by thy syde1 ,and suffrest hir so sone up fro thee ryse1 ,for to disesen loveres in this wyse4 ,what6 hold your bed ther1 thou1 and eek thy ,morwe6 ,i bidde god1 so yeve yow bothe sorwe6' #adgj #baa4 ,therwith ful sore he sighte1 and thus he seyde1 ',my lady right1 and of my wele or wo ,the welle and rote1 ,o goodly myn1 ,criseyde1 ,and shal ,i ryse1 allas6 and shal ,i go8 ,now fele ,i that myn herte moot a-two6 #adge ,for how sholde ,i my lyf an houre save1 ,sin that with yow is al the lyf ,i have8 #bab4 ,what shal ,i doon1 for certes1 ,i not how1 ,ne whanne1 allas6 ,i shal the tyme see1 ,that in this plyt ,i may be eft with yow2 #adhj ,and of my lyf1 god woot1 how that shal be1 ,sin that desyr right now so byteth me1 ,that ,i am deed anoon1 but ,i retourne4 ,how sholde ,i longe1 allas6 fro yow soiourne8 #bac4 ,but nathelees1 myn owene lady bright1 #adhe ,yit were it so that ,i wiste outrely1 ,that ,i1 your humble servaunt and your knight1 ,were in your herte set so fermely ,as ye in myn1 the which thing1 trewely1 ,me lever were than thise worldes tweyne1 #adij ,yet sholde ,i bet enduren al my peyne4' #bad4 ,to that ,cryseyde answerde right anoon1 ,and with a syk she seyde1 ',o herte dere1 ,the game1 y-wis1 so ferforth now is goon1 ,that first shal ,phebus falle fro his spere1 #adie ,and every egle been the dowves fere1 ,and every roche out of his place sterte1 ,er ,troilus out of ,criseydes herte6 #bae4 ,ye be so depe in-with myn herte grave1 ,that1 though ,i wolde it turne out of my thought1 #aejj ,as wisly verray god my soule save1 ,to dyen in the peyne1 ,i coude nought6 ,and1 for the love of god that us hath wrought1 ,lat in your brayn non other fantasye ,so crepe1 that it cause me to dye6 #aeje #baf4 ,and that ye me wolde han as faste in minde ,as ,i have yow1 that wolde ,i yow bi-seche2 ,and1 if ,i wiste soothly that to finde1 ,god mighte not a poynt my ,ioyes eche6 ,but1 herte myn1 with-oute more speche1 #aeaj ,beth to me trewe1 or elles were it routhe2 ,for ,i am thyn1 by god and by my trouthe6 #bag4 ,beth glad for-thy1 and live in sikernesse2 ,thus seyde ,i never er this1 ne shal to mo2 ,and if to yow it were a gret gladnesse #aeae ,to turne ayein1 soone after that ye go1 ,as fayn wolde ,i as ye1 it were so1 ,as wisly god myn herte bringe at reste6' ,and him in armes took1 and ofte keste4 #bah4 ,agayns his wil1 sin it mot nedes be1 #aebj ,this ,troilus up roos1 and faste him cledde1 ,and in his armes took his lady free ,an hundred tyme1 and on his wey him spedde1 ,and with swich wordes as his herte bledde1 ,he seyde1 'farewel1 my dere herte swete1 #aebe ,ther god us graunte sounde and sone to mete6' #bai4 ,to which no word for sorwe she answerde1 ,so sore gan his parting hir destreyne2 ,and ,troilus un-to his palays ferde1 ,as woo bigon as she was1 sooth to seyne2 #aecj ,so hard him wrong of sharp desyr the peyne ,for to ben eft there he was in plesaunce1 ,that it may never out of his remembraunce4 #bbj4 ,retorned to his real palais1 sone ,he softe in-to his bed gan for to slinke1 #aece ,to slepe longe1 as he was wont to done1 ,but al for nought2 he may wel ligge and winke1 ,but sleep ne may ther in his herte sinke2 ,thenkinge how she1 for whom desyr him brende1 ,a thousand-fold was worth more than he wende4 #aedj #bba4 ,and in his thought gan up and doun to winde ,hir wordes alle1 and every contenaunce1 ,and fermely impressen in his minde ,the leste poynt that to him was plesaunce2 ,and verrayliche1 of thilke remembraunce1 #aede ,desyr al newe him brende1 and lust to brede ,gan more than erst1 and yet took he non hede4 #bbb4 ,criseyde also1 right in the same wyse1 ,of ,troilus gan in hir herte shette ,his worthinesse1 his lust1 his dedes wyse1 #aeej ,his gentilesse1 and how she with him mette1 ,thonkinge love he so wel hir bisette2 ,desyring eft to have hir herte dere ,in swich a plyt1 she dorste make him chere4 #bbc4 ,pandare1 a-morwe which that comen was #aeee ,un-to his nece1 and gan hir fayre grete1 ,seyde1 'al this night so reyned it1 allas6 ,that al my drede is that ye1 nece swete1 ,han litel layser had to slepe and mete2 ,al night1' quod he1 'hath reyn so do me wake1 #aefj ,that som of us1 ,i trowe1 hir hedes ake4' #bbd4 ,and ner he com1 and seyde1 'how stont it now ,this mery morwe1 nece1 how can ye fare8' ,criseyde answerde1 'never the bet for yow1 ,fox that ye been1 god yeve your herte care6 #aefe ,god helpe me so1 ye caused al this fare1 ,trow ,i1' quod she1 'for alle your wordes whyte2 ,o6 who-so seeth yow knoweth yow ful lyte6' #bbe4 ,with that she gan hir face for to wrye ,with the shete1 and wex for shame al reed2 #aegj ,and ,pandarus gan under for to prye1 ,and seyde1 'nece1 if that ,i shal ben deed1 ,have here a swerd1 and smyteth of myn heed4' ,with that his arm al sodeynly he thriste ,under hir nekke1 and at the laste hir kiste4 #aege #bbf4 ,i passe al that which chargeth nought to seye1 ,what6 ,god foryaf his deeth1 and she al-so ,foryaf1 and with hir uncle gan to pleye1 ,for other cause was ther noon than so4 ,but of this thing right to the effect to go1 #aehj ,whan tyme was1 hom til hir hous she wente1 ,and ,pandarus hath fully his entente4 #bbg4 ,now torne we ayein to ,troilus1 ,that resteles ful longe a-bedde lay1 ,and prevely sente after ,pandarus1 #aehe ,to him to come in al the haste he may4 ,he com anoon1 nought ones seyde he 'nay1' ,and ,troilus ful sobrely he grette1 ,and doun upon his beddes syde him sette4 #bbh4 ,this ,troilus1 with al the affeccioun #aeij ,of frendes love that herte may devyse1 ,to ,pandarus on knes fil adoun1 ,and er that he wolde of the place aryse1 ,he gan him thonken in his beste wyse2 ,a hondred sythe he gan the tyme blesse1 #aeie ,that he was born to bringe him fro distresse4 #bbi4 ,he seyde1 ',o frend1 of frendes the alderbeste ,that ever was1 the sothe for to telle1 ,thou hast in hevene y-brought my soule at reste ,fro ,flegiton1 the fery flood of helle2 #afjj ,that1 though ,i mighte a thousand tymes selle1 ,upon a day1 my lyf in thy servyse1 ,it mighte nought a mote in that suffyse4 #bcj4 ,the sonne1 which that al the world may see1 ,saw never yet1 my lyf1 that dar ,i leye1 #afje ,so inly fair and goodly as is she1 ,whos ,i am al1 and shal1 til that ,i deye2 ,and1 that ,i thus am hires1 dar ,i seye1 ,that thanked be the heighe worthinesse ,of love1 and eek thy kinde bisinesse4 #afaj #bca4 ,thus hastow me no litel thing y-yive1 ,fo which to thee obliged be for ay ,my lyf1 and why8 for thorugh thyn help ,i live2 ,for elles deed hadde ,i be many a day4' ,and with that word doun in his bed he lay1 #afae ,and ,pandarus ful sobrely him herde ,til al was seyd1 and thanne he him answerde3 #bcb4 ',my dere frend1 if ,i have doon for thee ,in any cas1 god wot1 it is me leef2 ,and am as glad as man may of it be1 #afbj ,god help me so2 but tak now not a-greef ,that ,i shal seyn1 be war of this myscheef1 ,that1 there-as thou now brought art in-to blisse1 ,that thou thy-self ne cause it nought to misse4 #bcc4 ,for of fortunes sharp adversitee #afbe ,the worst kinde of infortune is this1 ,a man to have ben in prosperitee1 ,and it remembren1 whan it passed is4 ,thou art wys y-nough1 for-thy do nought amis2 ,be not to rakel1 though thou sitte warme1 #afcj ,for if thou be1 certeyn1 it wol thee harme4 #bcd4 ,thou art at ese1 and holde thee wel ther-inne4 ,for also seur as reed is every fyr1 ,as greet a craft is kepe wel as winne2 ,brydle alwey wel thy speche and thy desyr4 #afce ,for worldly ,ioye halt not but by a wyr2 ,that preveth wel1 it brest alday so ofte2 ,for-thy nede is to werke with it softe4' #bce4 ,quod ,troilus1 ',i hope1 and god to-forn1 ,my dere frend1 that ,i shal so me bere1 #afdj ,that in my gilt ther shal no thing be lorn1 ,ne ,i nil not rakle as for to greven here2 ,it nedeth not this matere ofte tere2 ,for wistestow myn herte wel1 ,pandare1 ,god woot1 of this thou woldest litel care4' #afde #bcf4 ,tho gan he telle him of his glade night4 ,and wher-of first his herte dredde1 and how1 ,and seyde1 'freend1 as ,i am trewe knight1 ,and by that feyth ,i shal to god and yow1 ,i hadde it never half so hote as now2 #afej ,and ay the more that desyr me byteth ,to love hir best1 the more it me delyteth4 #bcg4 ,i noot my-self not wisly what it is2 ,but now ,i fele a newe qualitee1 ,ye1 al another than ,i dide er this4' #afee ,pandare answerde1 and seyde thus1 that he ,that ones may in hevene blisse be1 ,he feleth other weyes1 dar ,i leye1 ,than thilke tyme he first herde of it seye4 #bch4 ,this is o word for al2 this ,troilus #affj ,was never ful1 to speke of this matere1 ,and for to preysen un-to ,pandarus ,the bountee of his righte lady dere1 ,and ,pandarus to thanke and maken chere4 ,this tale ay was span-newe to biginne #affe ,til that the night departed hem a-twinne4 #bci4 ,sone after this1 for that fortune it wolde1 ,i-comen was the blisful tyme swete1 ,that ,troilus was warned that he sholde1 ,ther he was erst1 ,criseyde his lady mete2 #afgj ,for which he felte his herte in ,ioye flete2 ,and feythfully gan alle the goddes herie2 ,and lat see now if that he can be merie4 #bdj4 ,and holden was the forme and al the wyse1 ,of hir cominge1 and eek of his also1 #afge ,as it was erst1 which nedeth nought devyse4 ,but playnly to the effect right for to go1 ,in ,ioye and seurte ,pandarus hem two ,a-bedde broughte1 whan hem bothe leste1 ,and thus they ben in quiete and in reste4 #afhj #bda4 ,nought nedeth it to yow1 sin they ben met1 ,to aske at me if that they blythe were2 ,for if it erst was wel1 tho was it bet ,a thousand-fold1 this nedeth not enquere4 ,a-gon was every sorwe and every fere2 #afhe ,and bothe1 y-wis1 they hadde1 and so they wende1 ,as muche ,ioye as herte may comprende4 #bdb4 ,this is no litel thing of for to seye1 ,this passeth every wit for to devyse2 ,for eche of hem gan otheres lust obeye2 #afij ,felicitee1 which that thise clerkes wyse ,commenden so1 ne may not here suffyse4 ,this ,ioye may not writen been with inke1 ,this passeth al that herte may bithinke4 #bdc4 ,but cruel day1 so wel-awey the stounde6 #afie ,gan for to aproche1 as they by signes knewe1 ,for whiche hem thoughte felen dethes wounde2 ,so wo was hem1 that changen gan hir hewe1 ,and day they gonnen to dispyse al newe1 ,calling it traytour1 envyous1 and worse1 #agjj ,and bitterly the dayes light they curse4 #bdd4 ,quod ,troilus1 'allas6 now am ,i war ,that ,pirous and tho swifte stedes three1 ,whiche that drawen forth the sonnes char1 ,han goon som by-path in despyt of me2 #agje ,that maketh it so sone day to be2 ,and1 for the sonne him hasteth thus to ryse1 ,ne shal ,i never doon him sacrifyse6' #bde4 ,but nedes day departe moste hem sone1 ,and whanne hir speche doon was and hir chere1 #agaj ,they twinne anoon as they were wont to done1 ,and setten tyme of meting eft y-fere2 ,and many a night they wroughte in this manere4 ,and thus ,fortune a tyme ladde in ,ioye ,criseyde1 and eek this kinges sone of ,troye4 #agae #bdf4 ,in suffisaunce1 in blisse1 and in singinges1 ,this ,troilus gan al his lyf to lede2 ,he spendeth1 ,iusteth1 maketh festeyinges2 ,he yeveth frely ofte1 and chaungeth wede1 ,and held aboute him alwey1 out of drede1 #agbj ,a world of folk1 as cam him wel of kinde1 ,the fressheste and the beste he coude fynde2 #bdg4 ,that swich a voys was of hym and a stevene ,thorugh-out the world1 of honour and largesse1 ,that it up rong un-to the yate of hevene4 #agbe ,and1 as in love1 he was in swich gladnesse1 ,that in his herte he demede1 as ,i gesse1 ,that there nis lovere in this world at ese ,so wel as he1 and thus gan love him plese4 #bdh4 ,the godlihede or beautee which that kinde #agcj ,in any other lady hadde y-set ,can not the mountaunce of a knot unbinde1 ,a-boute his herte1 of al ,criseydes net4 ,he was so narwe y-masked and y-knet1 ,that it undon on any manere syde1 #agce ,that nil not been1 for ought that may betyde4 #bdi4 ,and by the hond ful ofte he wolde take ,this ,pandarus1 and in-to gardin lede1 ,and swich a feste and swich a proces make ,him of ,criseyde1 and of hir womanhede1 #agdj ,and of hir beautee1 that1 with-outen drede1 ,it was an hevene his wordes for to here2 ,and thanne he wolde singe in this manere4 #bej4 ',love1 that of erthe and see hath governaunce1 ,love1 that his hestes hath in hevene hye1 #agde ,love1 that with an holsom alliaunce ,halt peples ioyned1 as him list hem gye1 ,love1 that knetteth lawe of companye1 ,and couples doth in vertu for to dwelle1 ,bind this acord1 that ,i have told and telle2 #agej #bea4 ,that that the world with feyth1 which that is stable1 ,dyverseth so his stoundes concordinge1 ,that elements that been so discordable ,holden a bond perpetuely duringe1 ,that ,phebus mote his rosy day forth bringe1 #agee ,and that the mone hath lordship over the nightes1 ,al this doth ,love2 ay heried be his mightes6 #beb4 ,that that the see1 that gredy is to flowen1 ,constreyneth to a certeyn ende so ,his flodes1 that so fersly they ne growen #agfj ,to drenchen erthe and al for ever-mo2 ,and if that ,love ought lete his brydel go1 ,al that now loveth a-sonder sholde lepe1 ,and lost were al1 that ,love halt now to-hepe4 #bec4 ,so wolde god1 that auctor is of kinde1 #agfe ,that1 with his bond1 ,love of his vertu liste ,to cerclen hertes alle1 and faste binde1 ,that from his bond no wight the wey out wiste4 ,and hertes colde1 hem wolde ,i that he twiste ,to make hem love1 and that hem leste ay rewe #aggj ,on hertes sore1 and kepe hem that ben trewe4' #bed4 ,in alle nedes1 for the tounes werre1 ,he was1 and ay the firste in armes dight2 ,and certeynly1 but-if that bokes erre1 ,save ,ector1 most y-drad of any wight2 #agge ,and this encrees of hardinesse and might ,cam him of love1 his ladies thank to winne1 ,that altered his spirit so with-inne4 #bee4 ,in tyme of trewe1 on haukinge wolde he ryde1 ,or elles hunten boor1 bere1 or lyoun2 #aghj ,the smale bestes leet he gon bi-syde4 ,and whan that he com rydinge in-to toun1 ,ful ofte his lady1 from hir window doun1 ,as fresh as faucon comen out of muwe1 ,ful redy was1 him goodly to saluwe4 #aghe #bef4 ,and most of love and vertu was his speche1 ,and in despyt hadde alle wrecchednesse2 ,and doutelees1 no nede was him biseche ,to honouren hem that hadde worthinesse1 ,and esen hem that weren in distresse4 #agij ,and glad was he if any wight wel ferde1 ,that lover was1 whan he it wiste or herde4 #beg4 ,for sooth to seyn1 he lost held every wight ,but-if he were in loves heigh servyse1 ,i mene folk that oughte it been of right4 #agie ,and over al this1 so wel coude he devyse ,of sentement1 and in so unkouth wyse ,al his array1 that every lover thoughte1 ,that al was wel1 what-so he seyde or wroughte4 #beh4 ,and though that he be come of blood royal1 #ahjj ,him liste of pryde at no wight for to chase2 ,benigne he was to ech in general1 ,for which he gat him thank in every place4 ,thus wolde ,love1 y-heried be his grace1 ,that ,pryde1 ,envye1 ,ire1 and ,avaryce #ahje ,he gan to flee1 and every other vyce4 #bei4 ,thou lady bright1 the doughter to ,dione1 ,thy blinde and winged sone eek1 daun ,cupyde2 ,ye sustren nyne eek1 that by ,elicone ,in hil ,parnaso listen for to abyde1 #ahaj ,that ye thus fer han deyned me to gyde1 ,i can no more1 but sin that ye wol wende1 ,ye heried been for ay1 with-outen ende6 #bfj4 ,thourgh yow have ,i seyd fully in my song ,theffect and ,ioye of ,troilus servyse1 #ahae ,al be that ther was som disese among1 ,as to myn auctor listeth to devyse4 ,my thridde book now ende ich in this wyse2 ,and ,troilus in luste and in quiete ,is with ,criseyde1 his owne herte swete4 #ahbj ,,explicit ,,liber ,,tercius4 ,,rubric2 from ,cp4 #a-ef4 ,lost in ,cm4 #c4 ,h#b4 leef2 ,ed4 lefe2 ,cl4 lyef2 ,cp4 ,h4 lief4 #g4 ,cl4 thin 7for #bnd thy74 #i4 ,cl4 of2 rest if4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,ed4 wel2 ,h#b4 wil2 ,cl4 wole2 ,h4 wol4 #aj4 ,cl4 ,cp4 beste4 #aa4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,the2 ,h#b4 ,to4 _/_/ ,cl4 feld 7for fele74 #ab4 ,cl4 nough 7674 #ac4 ,cl4 word2 ,h4 world2 ,cp4 ,ed4 worlde2 ,h#b4 wirk4 #ag4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,comeueden 7rightly72 ,cp4 ,comended2 ,ed4 ,comenden2 ,h#b4 ,commodious7674 _/_/ ,cp4 ,ed4 amorous2 ,h#b4 amerous2 ,cl4 ,h4 amoreux4 _/_/ ,all hem 7wrongly72 read him2 see l4 #ai4 #bj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 hym2 ,ed4 him2 ,cl4 hem4 #bb4 ,h4 apasen2 ,ed4 apeasen2 ,h#b4 apesyn4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,iire4 #bc4 ,cl4 lyste2 rest list4 #bh4 ,h#b4 hym2 rest it4 #cb4 ,cl4 thing4 #cc4 ,cl4 constreue4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,io2 ,h#b4 io2 ,ed4 go2 7,iojo74 #cf4 ,cl4 vniuersite 7674 #ch4 ,cl4 ,h4 worse4 #db4 ,cl4 this 7for thy74 _/_/ ,cl4 seruyce4 #dd4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,inhielde4 #di4 ,h#b4 gladnes2 rest om4 #ea4 ,all lesson4 #ef4 ,h#b4 leve 7sic72 rest leue4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 werken2 ,cl4 werke4 #eg4 ,cm4 how2 rest so4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 that4 #eh4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,cm4 shorte2 rest short4 #ei4 ,cl4 lad4 #fj4 ,cl4 om4 in4 #fe4 ,cl4 rufully2 ,ed4 routhfully4 #ff4 thou ,cl4 yow4 #gd4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 ey2 rest ,i4 #gf4 lordshipe ,cl4 mercy4 #gg4 ,cl4 beseche4 #gi4 ,h4 ,cm4 wex2 ,cl4 ,cp4 wax4 #ha4 ,cl4 smyte4 #hc4 ,cl4 om4 he4 #ij4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 resons2 ,cl4 resones2 ,cm4 werkis2 ,h#b4 wordis4 #ib4 ,cl4 ,an2 ,h#b4 ,hym2 rest ,in4 #ic4 ,cl4 quooke4 #ig4 ,cm4 ferste2 rest first 7ferst74 #ii4 ,cl4 whily4 _/_/ ,cl4 ho 7for he74 #ajj4 ,cl4 that2 rest for4 #aja4 ,cl4 om4 ,i4 #aaj4 ,cm4 wrethe 7for herte74 _/_/ ,cm4 ,i2 ,h#b4 y2 rest om4 #aad4 ,cl4 for to2 rest to4 #aaf4 ,h4 puked2 ,h#b4 procurid 7674 #aai4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 om4 that4 #aba4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 wilne2 ,cm4 wiln2 ,cl4 wille4 _/_/ ,cl4 shal seye2 rest om4 shal4 #abe4 of ,cl4 on4 #ace4 ,cl4 deligence4 #acf4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 om4 ,i2 see l4 #ada4 #ach4 ,cl4 defende 7674 #aci4 ,cl4 ,cm4 digne2 rest deigne4 #adb4 ,cl4 ,cp4 myn2 ,cm4 myne4 #add4 ,h#b4 serve2 rest seruen4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ben ay ,i-lyke2 ,ed4 to ben aye ylike2 ,h#b4 bene y-lyke2 ,cm4 ay ben ,i-lik2 but read been y-lyke ay4 #adi4 ,and ,cl4 ,a4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 a4 #aej4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 feste4 #aeb4 ,cl4 that this2 rest om4 that4 #afj4 ,cl4 ,but 7for ,and74 #afg4 ,cp4 ,h4 hennes2 ,cm4 henys2 ,cl4 hens4 #agb4 ,,mss4 soueraynte4 #agc4 ,cp4 ,ny 7for ,ne ,i74 #agf4 ,cl4 my dere2 rest om4 my4 #agi4 ,cl4 ,ed4 to2 rest in-to4 #ahj4 yow ,cl4 now4 #ahc4 ,h4 yen2 ,cm4 eyghyn2 rest eyen4 #ahh4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 in the2 rest om4 the4 #aij4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 om4 as4 #aic4 ,cl4 and on2 ,ed4 ,h#b4 and one2 ,h4 and oon2 ,cp4 an oon2 ,cm4 a-non2 read as oon8 #aid4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 the2 ,cp4 to2 rest two4 #aie4 my ,cl4 ,cm4 myn4 #bje4 ,h#b4 ,they come vpwardis at4 #bjg4 ,cl4 blynde4 #bjh4 ,cl4 it is tyme4 #bac4 ,cl4 ins4 hire bef4 diden4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 diden2 ,cl4 deden4 #bad4 ,cm4 spekyn wondir wel2 ,cl4 7and rest7 wonder wel spaken 7speken74 #bba4 ,cl4 gardeyn4 #bbc4 ,cl4 lyste2 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h4 leste4 #bbi4 ,cp4 ,ed4 paillet2 rest pailet4 #bcg4 ,cl4 speke2 rest speken 7spekyn74 #bdj4 ,cl4 om4 so4 #bdb4 ,cp4 ,cm4 waxeth2 ,ed4 woxe2 rest wax 7but read wex74 #bdd4 ,cl4 sethen do4 #bej4 ,cl4 a game bygonne to4 #bed4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,bitwixen2 ,cl4 ,bytwene4 #bfj4 ,cl4 alle2 rest al4 #bfb4 ,cl4 for to abrygge2 ,cp4 ,h4 for tabregge2 ,cm4 to abregge4 _/_/ ,cl4 destresse4 #bfh4 ,cl4 alwed4 #bfi4 ,cl4 dar ,i2 rest ,i dar wel4 #bgj4 ,cl4 om4 that4 #bgi4 ,cl4 bygone4 #bhj4 ,cl4 wonne4 #bha4 ,cl4 om4 wol4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h#b4 go4 #bhc4 ,cl4 preuete4 #bij4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,ed4 om4 ther4 #bic4 ,h4 ,ed4 this 7for yet72 ,cp4 thus4 #bii4 ,cl4 selue2 ,cm4 seluyn4 #cjj4 ,h#b4 as for to2 blabbe4 #cja4 ,cl4 the 7for they74 #cjh4 ,cl4 kyng 7for kynde74 _/_/ ,cl4 auauntures 7674 #caj4 ,as ,cl4 ,a4 #cab4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 holde2 rest holden4 #cac4 ,cl4 om4 it4 #cae4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,and a2 rest ,and4 _/_/ ,cl4 heste2 ,h#b4 hest2 rest byheste4 #cai4 ,cl4 byhight2 ,cp4 bihyghte4 #cbj4 ,cl4 no more2 rest om4 no4 #ccb4 ,cl4 womman 7674 #cbc4 ,cl4 this not4 #cbd4 ,cm4 wis man2 ,h#b4 wyse man2 rest wyse men4 #cbg4 ,cl4 wys4 #cbi4 ,cl4 om4 harm4 #cce4 ,cl4 suffice2 rest suffise4 #ccg4 ,cl4 om4 wel4 #cdj4 the ,cl4 ,h#b4 thi4 #cda4 ,cl4 make 7for may74 #cdd4 or ,cl4 and4 #cdf4 theffect ,cl4 the feyth4 #cdg4 ,cl4 sorwe 7for herte74 #cea4 ,cl4 om4 as4 #ceb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 dede2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ded4 #cee4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 for to 7for to74 #cef4 ,cm4 ,wex2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,wax4 #cfj4 ,cm4 aprille2 ,h4 aperil2 rest ,april4 #cfa4 remembre ,cl4 remembreth4 #cfc4 ,h4 didest2 ,cl4 ,cp4 dedest4 #cff4 ,cl4 ,i to2 rest om4 to4 #cfh4 ,cm4 ,ed4 tel2 rest telle4 #chj4 ,cl4 thenketh4 #chb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,caytif2 ,cl4 ,castif2 rest ,captif4 _/_/ ,all ,agamenoun4 #che4 ,ed4 the lyketh2 ,h#b4 it lyke the2 ,cl4 it lyketh2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 it liketh the4 #chf4 ,cl4 meche2 ,cp4 muche4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 don2 rest ,i-do 7y-do1 ydon74 #chi4 ,cl4 ,in2 rest on4 #cij4 ,cl4 the wole4 #cia4 ,cp4 ,h4 sclaue2 ,ed4 slaue2 ,cl4 knaue 7with sl altered to kn74 #cig4 ,cl4 baudery4 #cih4 ,cl4 om4 wood4 #dab4 ,all ,tel4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 om4 me4 #dad4 ,cl4 seruyce4 #dag4 ,ed4 moste2 rest most4 #dbe4 ,cp4 ,ed4 though2 ,h#b4 thogh2 ,cl4 ,h4 thought2 ,cm4 tho4 #dda4 ,cl4 he 7for her74 #ddb4 ,all lay2 perhaps read laye 7subjunctive74 #ddc4 ,cl4 dishesed4 #ddf4 ,cm4 man2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 men4 _/_/ ,ed4 men be4 _/_/ ,cl4 yplesed2 rest plesed4 #dej4 ,cp4 ,h4 writen2 ,cl4 wreten4 #dea4 ,cl4 om4 and4 #deb4 or ,cl4 ,ed4 and4 #dec4 ,cl4 as it2 rest om4 it4 #deg4 ,cl4 om4 awayt4 #dfb4 ,cl4 make2 a 7for an74 #dfc4 ,cm4 speke2 rest spake4 #dge4 ,cl4 seruyce4 #dgf4 ,cp4 ,h4 auyse2 rest deuyse4 #dha4 ,cm4 goode2 rest good4 #dhe4 ,cp4 ,ed4 y-like2 ,h4 yhold2 rest ylyk4 #dia4 wayten ,cl4 wene4 #dif4 ,cl4 stont2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 stant4 #dig4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,hise4 #ejg4 ,cm4 ,these2 rest ,this4 #eji4 ,cl4 myght2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 myghte4 #eaj4 ,ed4 fulfell2 rest fulfille4 #ead4 ,cl4 ,and2 rest ,as4 #eaf4 ,cl4 ,there-as2 rest ,wher-as4 #ebj4 ,cl4 om4 -to4 #ebe4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 impossible4 #ebf4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,dredeles2 ,cl4 ,dredles4 _/_/ ,cm4 cler2 rest clere4 #ebg4 ,of ,cl4 ,from4 #eca4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 witen2 rest weten4 #ecc4 ,cl4 puruyaunce4 #edj4 ,h4 moste2 ,cm4 ,ed4 muste2 ,cl4 most4 #ede4 ,cl4 om4 -thy4 #edg4 ,cl4 there but2 rest om4 but4 #edh4 ,cl4 shortely4 #eea4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 welken2 ,cp4 wolken2 rest walkene 7walken74 #eeb4 ,cl4 straught2 ,h4 ,h#b4 streight2 ,cp4 streght4 #eee4 ,cl4 woned2 rest wont4 #eeh4 ,cp4 ,h4 cape4 #efb4 sholde ,cl4 shal4 #efc4 ,cl4 om4 ne4 #egb4 ,cp4 ,h4 thruste 7672 ,cm4 thourrste 7for thurfte72 ,h#b4 ,ed4 durst2 ,cl4 dorste 7but read thurfte74 _/_/ ,cl4 haue neuere4 #egc4 ,cl4 hem2 rest him4 #egf4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 whan that2 rest om4 that4 #egh4 ,cl4 ther2 rest ther-of4 #egi4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 with-outen4 _/_/ ,cl4 a-wayte4 #ehd4 ,h4 goosish2 ,cp4 goosissh2 ,h#b4 gosisshe2 ,cl4 gosylyche2 ,ed4 gofysshe 7674 _/_/ ,cl4 peple2 ,h4 peples2 ,cm4 puples2 ,cp4 poeples2 ,ed4 peoples4 #ehg4 ,cm4 mot2 rest most 7must74 #ehi4 ,cl4 om4 hir4 #eie4 ,cl4 vn to the2 rest to4 #fja4 ,cl4 ,cp4 stuwe4 #fjb4 ,cl4 om4 in4 #fjc4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,wnwist4 #fjh4 ,cl4 hym2 rest hem4 #fab4 ,cl4 auyse2 rest deuyse4 #fac4 ,cl4 like2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 liken4 _/_/ ,cl4 laughen that here4 #fad4 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,ed4 tolde2 ,cl4 ,h4 told4 _/_/ ,cl4 tales2 ,ed4 a tale2 ,h#b4 the tale2 rest tale4 #faf4 ,cl4 she wolde2 rest om4 she4 #fag4 ,h#b4 werdis2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 wyerdes2 ,h4 wierdes2 ,cm4 wordis 7674 #fai4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 herdis2 rest hierdes4 #fba4 ,cl4 om4 now4 #fcj4 it ,cl4 a4 #fcb4 ,cl4 om4 ,i4 #fcf4 ,cl4 be4 nought a- ,cl4 for no4 #fcg4 ,cl4 om4 as4 #fdj4 ron ,ed4 rayned4 ,h#b4 flood2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cm4 flode4 #fdb4 ,cl4 om4 it4 #fde4 dere ,cl4 drede4 #fdh4 a ,cm4 on4 #ffd4 ,cp4 outer2 ,h4 outter2 ,cl4 other2 ,ed4 vtter2 ,cm4 vttir4 #fgd4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,the voyde2 ,cm4 ,they voydyn2 ,ed4 ,they voyde2 ,h#b4 ,they voydid 4 #fgf4 ,cl4 that2 ,h#b4 om42 rest the4 #fhd4 ,cl4 in2 rest at4 #fij4 ,cp4 ,ed4 skippen2 ,h4 skipen2 ,cm4 schepe2 ,h#b4 skipe2 ,cl4 speken4 _/_/ traunce ,ed4 praunce4 #fif4 ,cl4 ,cp4 sey2 ,h4 seye2 ,cm4 woste2 ,h#b4 wist2 ,ed4 sawe4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 al4 #fig4 ,cl4 om4 up-4 #gjd4 ,cl4 om4 ,for4 #gaa4 ,cp4 ,h4 gruwel2 ,cl4 ,cm4 growel2 ,ed4 gruell4 #gae4 ,cl4 ,an2 ,cp4 ,as2 rest ,and4 #gag4 ,cl4 combest2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 cumbrid2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 combust4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 in4 #gbb4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 om4 ,o4 #gbe4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cipres2 ,cm4 ,cipris2 ,ed4 ,cipria2 ,h#b4 ,ciphis4 #gbf4 ,ed4 ,daphne4 #gbg4 ,cm4 wex2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 wax4 #gbi4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 hierse2 ,h#b4 hyerce2 ,cm4 hirie2 ,ed4 her 7674 #gbi1 #gca4 ,cl4 ek1 by-sek2 ,h4 eke1 bi-seke4 #gce4 ,cl4 help2 rest helpeth4 #gcg4 ,cl4 a-garst 7674 #gch4 ,cp4 ,h4 don2 ,cm4 do2 rest do on4 _/_/ ,cl4 a-boue2 rest up-on4 #gci4 ,cl4 folewe2 ,cp4 ,cm4 folwe2 ,h4 ,ed4 folowe4 #gde4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 layen2 ,cl4 lay4 #gec4 ,cl4 ,cm4 haveth4 #gef4 ,h4 rise2 ,cl4 rysen4 #geh4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 thus2 rest om4 _/_/ hem ,cl4 vs4 #gfa4 ,h#b4 ,ey2 ,ed4 ,eygh2 rest ,i4 #gfb4 ,cl4 ,quod tho2 rest om4 tho4 #gfc4 ,cl4 om4 er4 #ggj4 com ,cl4 cam4 #gge4 ,cm4 houe2 ,h#b4 howe4 #ggf4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 this mene while2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 om4 mene4 #ggg4 ,cl4 om4 #bnd a4 #ghj4 ,cl4 that2 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,h4 ,ed4 al4 #gia4 shal ,h#b4 ow2 ,ed4 owe4 #gie4 ,cl4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 is this4 #gig4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 scholden louen oon2 ,cl4 louen sholde on4 _/_/ hatte ,ed4 hight4 #gii4 ,cl4 alle these thynges herde4 #hja4 she ,cl4 ,h#b4 ful4 _/_/ ,cl4 answerede4 #hjb4 ,cl4 tolle 7674 #hjd4 ,cl4 conseytes4 #hji4 ,cl4 more 7for morwe74 _/_/ and ,cl4 yf4 #haj4 ,cl4 fully excuse4 #haa4 him ,cl4 he4 #hac4 ,cl4 om4 god4 #hah4 ,cp4 ,ed4 either2 ,h4 oyther 7for eyther72 ,cl4 ,cm4 other4 _/_/ ,cl4 nough4 #hbc4 ,cl4 ,other he2 rest ,or4 #hbf4 derknesse ,h4 distresse4 #hbi4 ,cl4 om4 that4 #hcc4 ful ,cl4 but4 #hcd4 ,cl4 ,cm4 manere4 #hci4 ,cl4 ,h4 mad ,troylus to me2 ,h#b4 thus ,troylus me made2 ,cm4 ,ed4 ,cp4 ,troylus mad to me4 #hdb4 him ,cl4 yow4 #hdc4 ,cl4 myn2 ,cp4 ,h4 my4 #hdg4 ,ed4 ,i 7for for ,i74 _/_/ ,h4 ,ed4 for the beste4 #hej4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 om4 a4 #hed4 ,h4 abedes2 ,cm4 abydis4 #heg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,wel2 rest om4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h#b4 to rescowe2 rest om4 to4 #hei4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,how is2 rest om4 is 7here74 _/_/ ,h#b4 y-falle2 ,cm4 falle2 rest is falle4 #hfa4 ,h#b4 feldyfare2 ,cl4 feld-fare2 rest feldefare4 #hfb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ne2 rest om4 _/_/ ,cl4 gref4 #hfi4 ,i ,cl4 ye4 #hgj4 ,ye ,cl4 ,i4 #hhj4 ,cl4 malis4 #hhg4 more ,cl4 ,h#b4 bettre4 #hhi4 ,cl4 ben sene2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 be sene2 ,h#b4 be seyn2 ,ed4 he sene4 #hib4 dede men ,cl4 a dede man4 #hic4 trowe ,i ,cl4 ,i trowe4 #hih4 ,cl4 stenteth2 rest stynteth4 #ijj4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,cm4 nolde2 ,h4 nold2 ,cl4 nold not4 ,cp4 ,h4 setten2 ,cl4 ,cm4 sette4 #iji4 ,cl4 ,to2 rest ,so4 _/_/ ,h4 spek2 rest speke4 #iab4 ,cm4 om4 is4 _/_/ ,h4 teuery 7for to euery74 #iag4 ,cl4 at2 ,h#b4 am2 ,cm4 ,h4 ,ed4 al2 ,cp4 om4 #ibh4 to ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 for to4 #ica4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,a2 rest ,at4 #ice4 or ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 and4 _/_/ ,cl4 tacches4 #icf4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,this is seyd4 _/_/ ,cl4 hym2 rest hem4 _/_/ ,cl4 is2 rest be 7ben1 beth74 #idg4 ,cl4 ,that2 ,h#b4 ,that good2 rest ,ther good4 #ied4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 hede2 ,ed4 heed2 ,h4 hed4 #ief4 ,cl4 -lych2 ,h4 -lyche4 #ifd4 ,cl4 quysshon2 ,cm4 qwischin2 ,h#b4 cusshyn4 #ife4 ,cp4 ,ed4 leste2 rest lyste1 lyst4 #ifh4 ,cl4 put2 ,cp4 ,h4 putte4 #igj4 ,h#b4 dewte2 ,cp4 dewete4 #ige4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 now gode2 rest om4 now4 #igf4 ,cl4 om4 al4 #igh4 ,cl4 fyre2 ,ed4 fiere2 rest fere4 #ihj4 ,cl4 loken4 #iij4 ,cl4 goudly2 ,cp4 ,h4 goodly4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 make2 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 maken4 #iid4 for ,cl4 first2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 om4 #iie4 ,h#b4 found2 rest founden4 _/_/ ,cp4 ghit2 ,cm4 yite2 rest yet4 #iii4 ,cl4 emforthe2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 emforth4 #ajjb4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 dredles4 #ajjd4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 yow not4 #ajje4 your ,cl4 ,h#b4 yow4 #ajji4 ,cl4 loue 7for myn1 as a correction74 #ajad4 ,cl4 refuyt2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 refut2 ,ed4 refute4 #ajae4 ,cl4 ins4 him bef4 arace4 _/_/ arace ,cl4 ,ed4 race4 #ajag4 ,ed4 dignyte 7for deitee74 #ajbj4 for to ,cl4 that ,i4 _/_/ on ,cl4 ,ed4 of4 #ajbb4 up-on ,cl4 on4 #ajbi4 ,cl4 ,cm4 to bere2 rest om4 to4 #ajcb4 ,cl4 ,and whanne4 #ajcc4 ,cp4 ,h4 piete2 rest pite4 #ajdc4 ,cl4 dishese4 #ajdf4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 list2 ,cl4 lyste4 _/_/ ,cm4 ordel4 #ajdg4 ,cl4 lyste2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 leste4 #ajee4 ,cl4 in-to the bed down2 rest doun in the bed4 #ajef4 ,cl4 wreygh2 ,cp4 ,h4 wreigh2 ,cm4 wrigh2 ,ed4 wrighe4 #ajfj4 ,cl4 om4 a4 #ajff4 ,cm4 ,ed4 liste2 rest lyst 7list1 lest74 #ajfg4 ,cl4 om4 a4 #ajgd4 in ,cl4 vn4 #ajge4 that ,cl4 the4 #ajhg4 ,cl4 eighen2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 eyen4 #ajid4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 ,for2 rest ,but4 _/_/ ,ed4 hushte4 #ajif4 ,cl4 ,buth2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,beth4 #ajig4 ,cl4 he him in-to bedde4 #aajd4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,cm4 pullen2 ,cl4 ,h4 pulle4 #aaac4 ,cl4 no2 ,cm4 not2 ,cp4 ,h4 nought4 #aaaf4 to ,cl4 for4 #aaba4 ,cl4 bet gan2 rest gan bet4 #aabi4 ,cp4 ,ed4 keste2 ,cl4 ,cm4 kyste4 #aaca4 ,cp4 ,h4 herte2 rest hertes4 #aacb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 leste2 ,cl4 lyste4 #aacg4 ,all eyen 7eyghen74 #aada4 ,cl4 ,cp4 chimeney2 ,h4 ,cm4 chimeneye4 #aadc4 ,h4 ,ed4 list2 ,cl4 lyste4 #aadd4 ,cp4 ,cm4 thoughte2 ,cl4 ,h4 thought4 #aafc4 ,cp4 ,ed4 andswerde2 ,h4 answarde2 ,cl4 answered4 #aafh4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,ialous2 ,cm4 ,ielous2 ,cl4 ,ialousye4 #aafi4 ,cl4 om4 it4 #aagg4 ,cp4 ,h4 answerde2 ,cl4 answered4 #aaib4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 it2 rest him4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 foot2 ,cl4 fote4 #aaic4 ,cp4 ,h4 thise2 ,cm4 these2 ,cl4 this4 #aaid4 ,cp4 ,h4 sucre2 ,cm4 seukere2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 sugre2 ,cl4 sour4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 soot2 ,cl4 sot2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 sote2 ,ed4 soote4 #aaie4 ,cl4 mot4 #abjj4 ,ed4 aspen2 ,h#b4 auspen4 #abja4 ,cl4 om4 his4 #abjc4 ,cl4 om4 tho4 #abjf4 ,cm4 ,ed4 mote2 rest mot4 #abjh4 ,h4 boot2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 bote4 #abji4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 answerde2 ,cl4 answered4 #abaa4 ,cl4 yolden4 #abah4 hath ,cl4 is4 #abai4 ,cl4 the more2 rest om4 the4 #abbb4 ,cl4 sith that2 rest om4 that4 #abbe4 ,cp4 comth2 ,cl4 come4 #abbg4 ,cl4 ,iust4 #abbi4 ,cl4 entent2 ,h4 entente4 #abca4 ,cl4 ,cm4 wrythe2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 writhe2 ,h#b4 writhen is 7read wryth or writh74 #abcd4 ,cl4 gynneth to2 ,cp4 bygynneth to2 rest begynneth4 #abcf4 ,cl4 ony4 #abch4 ,cl4 ,criseyd4 _/_/ ,cl4 stynte2 ,cp4 ,h4 stente4 #abdj4 y- ,cl4 is4 #abda4 ,cl4 out2 gysse4 #abdd4 ,cl4 alle2 word4 #abdg4 ,cl4 streyght2 ,cp4 streghte4 #abdh4 ,cl4 fleysshly4 #abea4 ,cl4 om4 heuene and to4 #abeh4 ,cl4 the2 rest that 7after next74 #abfa4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,benyngne2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,benigne4 #abfd4 ,cl4 nodestow7674 #abff4 ,cl4 seye2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 seyn4 #abfh4 ,h#b4 coude leest2 ,cm4 couthe lest2 ,cp4 ,h4 leest koude2 ,cl4 lest kowde4 #abfi4 ,cl4 be2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ben4 _/_/ ,cl4 to2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 vn-to4 #abgb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 pace2 ,cl4 passe4 #abgf4 ,cl4 dishese4 #abhe4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 benignite2 ,cl4 benyngnite4 #abhf4 ,cm4 thynkith2 ,cl4 thenk2 ,cp4 ,h4 thynk that4 #abhh4 ,cl4 seruyce4 #abij4 ,cl4 for that2 rest om4 that4 #abia4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,cp4 stere2 ,h4 ,ed4 fere 7feere74 #abid4 ,cl4 om4 that ,i2 ,cm4 ,cp4 om4 ,i4 #abif4 ,cl4 ,but2 rest ,for4 #abih4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 fynden2 ,cl4 ,cm4 fynde4 _/_/ ,cl4 lyfe4 #abii4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ny 7for ,ne ,i74 _/_/ ,cm4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 not2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 om4 #acjb4 ,cl4 to2 rest un-to4 #acad4 ,cl4 om4 thise4 #acae4 ,cm4 be-twixe2 ,cl4 be-twexen2 ,h4 bitweyne4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 dred2 rest drede 7read dreed74 #acah4 ,cl4 om4 two4 #acba4 ,cl4 daunder 7674 #acbb4 ,cl4 blyssyd2 rest blisse 7blis74 #acbd4 ,cp4 ,ed4 tellen2 ,cm4 tellyn2 ,h4 talen2 ,cl4 telle4 #acbf4 ,cm4 7#bnd7 ,i2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 and2 ,ed4 om4 #acci4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 a-sonder2 ,cl4 a-sondry4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 gon2 ,cl4 go ne767 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 it4 #acdj4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 wende2 ,cp4 ,cl4 ,h4 wenden4 #acda4 ,cm4 ,ed4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 moste2 ,cl4 ,h4 most4 #acdb4 ,cl4 nere 7for were74 #acde4 ,and ,cl4 ,a4 _/_/ goodly ,cl4 gladly4 #acdf4 ,h4 ,cm4 blynte2 ,cp4 ,ed4 bleynte2 ,cl4 blente4 #aceb4 ,cl4 eighen2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 eyen4 #acef4 ,cl4 wreten2 ,cp4 ,h4 writen4 #acfa4 ,h4 swiche2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 suche2 ,cl4 swich4 #acfb4 ,cl4 whanne2 ,cm4 whan2 ,cp4 ,h4 when4 #acfe4 ,h4 bilynne2 rest blynne4 #acgj4 ,cl4 of2 rest and4 #acgc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 or a2 ,cm4 a2 rest om4 #acge4 tho ,cl4 the4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,ed4 pens2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 pans4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 mokre2 ,h#b4 moker2 ,cm4 mokere2 ,cl4 moke4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,ed4 kecche2 ,cm4 crache7672 ,cp4 tecche7672 ,h#b4 teche7672 ,h4 theche7674 #ache4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 lyue2 ,cl4 leue4 #achg4 tho ,cl4 that4 #achh4 ,cl4 eerys4 #acij4 ,cl4 drenken4 #acid4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,thise2 ,cl4 ,this4 #acif4 ,cp4 ,h4 speken2 ,cl4 speke4 #acih4 hem ,cl4 hym4 #adjj4 to ,h4 ,cm4 in-to4 #adja4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 mo2 rest more4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 fel2 ,cl4 fille4 #adjc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 al2 ,cl4 alle4 #adje4 ,cl4 dede2 ,cm4 dedyn2 ,ed4 dydden2 rest diden4 #adjg4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 -peyse2 rest -pese4 #adjh4 ,cl4 shep7672 ,h4 slep2 rest slepe4 #adji4 ,cl4 nough767 #adaj4 ,h4 ,cm4 kep2 rest kepe4 #adad4 ,cl4 ,cp4 gentilesse2 rest gentilnesse4 #adae4 ,cl4 whanne2 ,cp4 ,cm4 whan2 ,h4 when4 #adaf4 ,cl4 to crowe2 rest om4 to4 #adah4 ,cm4 hese 7 his72 rest here 7hire74 _/_/ ,cl4 bemys throw4 #adai4 ,cl4 ,cm4 after-2 rest est-4 #adbj4 than ,all that4 #adbd4 ,cl4 ,cm4 des-2 rest dis-4 #adbe4 ,cp4 ,h4 hennes2 ,cm4 henys2 ,cl4 hens to4 #adbf4 ,cl4 ellys4 #adbh4 ,ed4 ,alcmena4 #adce4 ,cl4 ,cm4 flest2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 fleest4 #addb4 ,cl4 hastely4 #addd4 ,h4 piteous2 ,cp4 pietous2 rest pitous4 #adej4 ,cl4 crueel4 #adec4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 yen2 rest eyen4 #aded4 ,cm4 espyen4 #adeg4 ,cl4 ,cm4 these2 ,cp4 ,h#b4 thise4 #adei4 ,cl4 shent2 rest slayn4 #adfj4 ,cm4 ,ed4 let2 ,cl4 late2 rest lat 7read lete74 #adfb4 ,cl4 ,cp4 selys4 #adfd4 ,cl4 he to2 rest om4 to4 #adfe4 ,cp4 ,h4 fool2 ,cl4 ,cm4 fol4 #adff4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 dawyng2 rest dawnyng4 #adga4 ,h4 ,cp4 sighte2 ,cl4 sight2 ,ed4 syghed4 #adgf4 ,h4 my lyf an oure2 ,cp4 ,ed4 my lyf an houre2 ,cl4 an hour my lyf4 #adhb4 ,cl4 brenneth2 ,h4 bitleth7672 ,cp4 biteth2 ,ed4 byteth2 rest streyneth4 #adhf4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,yit2 rest om4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 wiste2 ,cl4 wist4 #adij4 ,cl4 ,cm4 wordes2 rest worldes4 #adia4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 enduren2 ,cl4 endure4 #adib4 ,cp4 ,h4 answerde2 ,cl4 answered4 #adih4 ,cl4 ,troles7674 #aejf4 ,cl4 ,an4 #aeaf4 ,h4 ,cp4 ayein2 ,cl4 a-yen4 #aebe4 ,cl4 myn herte and dere swete4 #aebf4 ,cp4 ,h4 sownde2 ,cl4 sound4 #aebg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 answerde2 ,cl4 answerede4 #aece4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 bedde2 rest bed4 #aecf4 ,cl4 woned4 #aedb4 ,cl4 ,hise2 rest ,hire 7,her74 #aedc4 ,cl4 hire2 rest his4 #aedf4 ,cl4 new2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 newe4 #aeed4 ,cp4 dorste2 ,cl4 ,h4 dorst4 #aeeh4 ,cl4 ye my2 rest om4 my4 #aeei4 slepe ,cl4 shepe7674 #aefb4 ,cp4 ,h4 com2 ,cl4 ,cm4 come4 #aefc4 ,cl4 ,h4 murye2 ,cm4 merie4 #aefd4 ,cp4 ,h4 answerde2 ,cl4 ,cm4 answerede4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 for4 #aeff4 ,cp4 ,h4 caused2 ,cl4 causes4 #aefh4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 ,o4 #aegj4 ,h4 ,cm4 wex2 ,cl4 ,cp4 wax4 #aegc4 ,cl4 ,here haue4 _/_/ ,ed4 smyteth2 ,cp4 smyten2 rest smyte4 #aege4 ,cl4 keste4 #aegf-hb4 ,cp4 om4 #aegg4 and ,cl4 an4 #aegh4 to ,cl4 for to4 #aegi4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 but2 rest than4 #aehc4 ,h4 ,cp4 ayeyn2 ,cl4 a-yen4 #aehg4 ,cl4 come4 #aeib4 ,cm4 kneis2 ,cp4 ,h4 knowes4 #aeic4 ,cl4 out of2 rest om4 out4 #aeie4 he ,cl4 ,cm4 and4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 ,cm4 blysse2 rest blesse4 #afjj4 ,cp4 ,cm4 flegetoun2 ,ed4 ,phlegeton4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 fery2 ,h#b4 firy2 ,ed4 fyrie4 #afjc4 ,cm4 myghte2 ,cl4 might4 _/_/ ,cm4 ,ed4 mote2 ,cp4 ,h4 moote2 ,cl4 mot4 #afjh4 ,cp4 ,h4 hires2 ,cl4 heres4 #afji4 ,cp4 heighe2 ,cm4 hye2 ,cl4 ,h4 heigh4 #afaa4 ,cp4 y-ghiue2 ,cl4 y-yeue4 #afac4 ,cl4 ,cm4 leue2 rest lyue4 #afai1 #afba1 #afbb4 ,cl4 ,cp4 lief1 grief1 mischief2 ,cm4 lef1 gref1 myschef2 ,h#b4 leef1 greef1 mischeef4 #afba4 now ,cl4 it4 #afbb4 ,cl4 of of 7672 rest of this4 #afbg4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 be2 rest ben4 #afbi4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,thart4 _/_/ ,cl4 ynowh4 #afcd4 ,cl4 kep2 rest kepe4 #afdb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ny4 #afdd4 ,cm4 wistist thou2 ,ed4 wystest thou2 ,cp4 wystestow2 ,cl4 ,h4 wistow4 #afee4 than ,cl4 er4 #afef4 ,h4 answerde2 ,cl4 answerede4 #afeg4 ,cl4 ,cm4 onys4 #afei4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 herde2 ,cl4 herd4 #affb4 ,h4 ,cp4 preysen2 ,cl4preyse4 #affc4 ,cp4 ,cm4 righte2 ,cl4 ,h4 right4 #affd4 chere ,cl4 clere4 #afga4 ,cp4 ,cm4 felte2 ,cl4 ,h4 felt4 #afge4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ek2 rest om4 #afgg4 ,cp4 ,h4 theffect4 #afgi4 ,al brought4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 whan that2 ,cm4 ,ed4 om4 that4 #afhj4 ,cl4 om4 thus4 #afhg4 ,cl4 complende7672 ,cp4 comprende2 rest comprehende4 #afic4 ,h4 wryten2 ,h#b4 writyn2 ,cl4 y-wrete4 #afid4 ,cl4 by-thenke2 rest by-thynke4 #afif4 signes ,cl4 synes4 #agjj4 traytour ,cl4 traytous4 #agjb4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 om4 allas4 #agjc4 ,h#b4 ,pirous2 ,ed4 ,pyrous2 ,h4 ,pirors2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,piros4 #agjd4 ,ed4 ,whiche2 rest ,which4 #agjh4 him ,cl4 here2 ,cp4 ,h4 hire4 _/_/ ,cl4 sacrifice4 #agaa4 ,cl4 woned2 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 wont2 ,h4 wonte2 ,cm4 wone4 #agac4 ,cp4 ,cm4 wroughte2 ,cl4 ,h4 wrought4 #agah4 ,cl4 ,h4 festeynynges2 ,cp4 ,h#b4 festynges2 ,cm4 festyngys2 7read festeyinges74 #agbj4 aboute him ,cl4 hym aboute4 #agbb4 ,h4 fresshiste2 ,cl4 fresshest4 #agbc4 ,cl4 om4 #bnd a4 _/_/ stevene ,h4 neuene4 #agbe4 ,cl4 rong vp into4 #agca4 ,cl4 ony4 #agcd4 ,cl4 y-maked7674 #agch4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 gardyn2 ,cl4 gardeyn4 #agde4 ,cl4 heste4 #agdg4 ,cl4 hem lyst hym 7wrongly74 #agdh4 ,cl4 ,cp4 knetteth2 ,h4 knettheth2 ,ed4 knytteth2 ,h#b4 kennyth2 ,cm4 endytyth4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 of2 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 and2 ,h#b4 om4 #agec4 ,cl4 elementes2 ,cp4 ,h4 elementz4 #agee4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 mote2 ,cl4 ,h4 mot2 ,cm4 may4 #agei4 ,cl4 ,constreyne4 #agfj4 ,cl4 om4 so4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 fiersly2 ,cm4 fersely2 ,h#b4 fersly2 ,cl4 freshly4 #agfb4 ,cp4 ,h4 lete2 ,cl4 late2 ,cm4 let2 ,ed4 lette4 #agfg4 ,h4 ,cp4 cerclen2 ,cm4 serkelyn2 ,cl4 cerchen2 ,ed4 serchen2 ,h#b4 cherysson4 #agfh4 ,cp4 ,h4 wey2 ,cl4 weye4 #agfi4 twiste ,cl4 it wyste4 #aggj4 ,cl4 lest2 ,cp4 ,h4 liste4 #agga4 ,cl4 kep4 #aggd4 ,cl4 certaynly4 #aggf4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cm4 encres2 ,ed4 encrease4 #aggi4 ,cl4 om4 he4 #aghj4 ,cp4 boor2 ,cm4 bor2 rest bore4 #aghd4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 cometh2 rest comen4 #aghg4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 alle2 rest al4 #agid4 ,cl4 heyghe2 ,cp4 ,h4 heigh4 #agig4 ,cm4 vnkouth2 ,cl4 vnkow2 ,cp4 vnkoude2 rest vnkouthe4 #ahjj4 ,cm4 real4 #ahja4 ,cl4 ,lyst hym2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,him liste4 #ahjd4 ,cp4 ,cm4 wolde2 ,cl4 ,h4 wold4 #ahje4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 pride and ,ire enuye4 #ahjg-ahbj4 ,lost in ,cm4 #ahaj4 ,in ,cl4 ,i4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 tabide4 #ahae4 ,cl4 seruyce4 #ahaf4 ,cl4 dishese4 #ahah4 wyse ,cl4 wys4 ,,colophon4 ,from ,ed42 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 wrongly place it after ,book ,,iv1 l4 #bh4 ,,book ,,iv4 ,,prohemium4 #a4 ,but al to litel1 weylawey the whyle1 ,lasteth swich ,ioye1 y-thonked be ,fortune6 ,that semeth trewest1 whan she wol bygyle1 ,and can to foles so hir song entune1 ,that she hem hent and blent1 traytour comune2 #e ,and whan a wight is from hir wheel y-throwe1 ,than laugheth she1 and maketh him the mowe4 #b4 ,from ,troilus she gan hir brighte face ,awey to wrythe1 and took of him non hede1 ,but caste him clene oute of his lady grace1 #aj ,and on hir wheel she sette up ,diomede2 ,for which right now myn herte ginneth blede1 ,and now my penne1 allas6 with which ,i wryte1 ,quaketh for drede of that ,i moot endyte4 #c4 ,for how ,criseyde ,troilus forsook1 #ae ,or at the leste1 how that she was unkinde1 ,mot hennes-forth ben matere of my book1 ,as wryten folk thorugh which it is in minde4 ,allas6 that they shulde ever cause finde ,to speke hir harm2 and if they on hir lye1 #bj ,y-wis1 hem-self sholde han the vilanye4 #d4 ,o ye ,herines1 ,nightes doughtren three1 ,that endelees compleynen ever in pyne1 ,megera1 ,alete1 and eek ,thesiphone2 ,thou cruel ,mars eek1 fader to ,quiryne1 #be ,this ilke ferthe book me helpeth fyne1 ,so that the los of lyf and love y-fere ,of ,troilus be fully shewed here4 ,,explicit ,,prohemium4 ,,incipit ,,quartus ,,liber4 #e4 ,ligginge in ost1 as ,i have seyd er this1 ,the ,grekes stronge1 aboute ,troye toun1 #cj ,bifel that1 whan that ,phebus shyning is ,up-on the brest of ,hercules ,lyoun1 ,that ,ector1 with ful many a bold baroun1 ,caste on a day with ,grekes for to fighte1 ,as he was wont to greve hem what he mighte4 #ce #f4 ,not ,i how longe or short it was bitwene ,this purpos and that day they fighte mente2 ,but on a day wel armed1 bright and shene1 ,ector1 and many a worthy wight out wente1 ,with spere in hond and bigge bowes bente2 #dj ,and in the berd1 with-oute lenger lette1 ,hir fomen in the feld anoon hem mette4 #g4 ,the longe day1 with speres sharpe y-grounde1 ,with arwes1 dartes1 swerdes1 maces felle1 ,they fighte and bringen hors and man to grounde1 #de ,and with hir axes out the braynes quelle4 ,but in the laste shour1 sooth for to telle1 ,the folk of ,troye hem-selven so misledden1 ,that with the worse at night homward they fledden4 #h4 ,at whiche day was taken ,antenor1 #ej ,maugre ,polydamas or ,monesteo1 ,santippe1 ,sarpedon1 ,polynestor1 ,polyte1 or eek the ,troian daun ,ripheo1 ,and othere lasse folk1 as ,phebuseo4 ,so that1 for harm1 that day the folk of ,troye #ee ,dredden to lese a greet part of hir ,ioye4 #i4 ,of ,pryamus was yeve1 at ,greek requeste1 ,a tyme of trewe1 and tho they gonnen trete1 ,hir prisoneres to chaungen1 moste and leste1 ,and for the surplus yeven sommes grete4 #fj ,this thing anoon was couth in every strete1 ,bothe in thassege1 in toune1 and every-where1 ,and with the firste it cam to ,calkas ere4 #aj4 ,whan ,calkas knew this tretis sholde holde1 ,in consistorie1 among the ,grekes1 sone #fe ,he gan in thringe forth1 with lordes olde1 ,and sette him there-as he was wont to done2 ,and with a chaunged face hem bad a bone1 ,for love of god1 to don that reverence1 ,to stinte noyse1 and yeve him audience4 #gj #aa4 ,thanne seyde he thus1 'lo6 lordes myne1 ,i was ,troian1 as it is knowen out of drede2 ,and if that yow remembre1 ,i am ,calkas1 ,that alderfirst yaf comfort to your nede1 ,and tolde wel how that ye sholden spede4 #ge ,for dredelees1 thorugh yow1 shal1 in a stounde1 ,ben ,troye y-brend1 and beten doun to grounde4 #ab4 ,and in what forme1 or in what maner wyse ,this town to shende1 and al your lust to acheve1 ,ye han er this wel herd it me devyse2 #hj ,this knowe ye1 my lordes1 as ,i leve4 ,and for the ,grekes weren me so leve1 ,i com my-self in my propre persone1 ,to teche in this how yow was best to done2 #ac4 ,havinge un-to my tresour ne my rente #he ,right no resport1 to respect of your ese4 ,thus al my good ,i loste and to yow wente1 ,wening in this you1 lordes1 for to plese4 ,but al that los ne doth me no disese4 ,i vouche-sauf1 as wisly have ,i ,ioye1 #ij ,for you to lese al that ,i have in ,troye1 #ad4 ,save of a doughter1 that ,i lafte1 allas6 ,slepinge at hoom1 whanne out of ,troye ,i sterte4 ,o sterne1 ,o cruel fader that ,i was6 ,how mighte ,i have in that so hard an herte8 #ie ,allas6 ,i ne hadde y-brought hir in hir sherte6 ,for sorwe of which ,i wol not live to morwe1 ,but-if ye lordes rewe up-on my sorwe4 #ae4 ,for1 by that cause ,i say no tyme er now ,hir to delivere1 ,i holden have my pees2 #ajj ,but now or never1 if that it lyke yow1 ,i may hir have right sone1 doutelees4 ,o help and grace6 amonges al this prees1 ,rewe on this olde caitif in destresse1 ,sin ,i through yow have al this hevinesse6 #aje #af4 ,ye have now caught and fetered in prisoun ,troians y-nowe2 and if your willes be1 ,my child with oon may have redempcioun4 ,now for the love of god and of bountee1 ,oon of so fele1 allas6 so yeve him me4 #aaj ,what nede were it this preyere for to werne1 ,sin ye shul bothe han folk and toun as yerne8 #ag4 ,on peril of my lyf1 ,i shal not lye1 ,appollo hath me told it feithfully2 ,i have eek founde it by astronomye1 #aae ,by sort1 and by augurie eek trewely1 ,and dar wel seye1 the tyme is faste by1 ,that fyr and flaumbe on al the toun shal sprede2 ,and thus shal ,troye turne in asshen dede4 #ah4 ,for certeyn1 ,phebus and ,neptunus bothe1 #abj ,that makeden the walles of the toun1 ,ben with the folk of ,troye alwey so wrothe1 ,that thei wol bringe it to confusioun1 ,right in despyt of king ,lameadoun4 ,by-cause he nolde payen hem hir hyre1 #abe ,the toun of ,troye shal ben set on-fyre4' #ai4 ,telling his tale alwey1 this olde greye1 ,humble in speche1 and in his lokinge eke1 ,the salte teres from his eyn tweye ,ful faste ronnen doun by eyther cheke4 #acj ,so longe he gan of socour hem by-seke ,that1 for to hele him of his sorwes sore1 ,they yave him ,antenor1 with-oute more4 #bj4 ,but who was glad y-nough but ,calkas tho8 ,and of this thing ful sone his nedes leyde #ace ,on hem that sholden for the tretis go1 ,and hem for ,antenor ful ofte preyde ,to bringen hoom king ,toas and ,criseyde2 ,and whan ,pryam his save-garde sente1 ,thembassadours to ,troye streyght they wente4 #adj #ba4 ,the cause y-told of hir cominge1 the olde ,pryam the king ful sone in general ,let here-upon his parlement to holde1 ,of which the effect rehersen yow ,i shal4 ,thembassadours ben answered for fynal1 #ade ,theschaunge of prisoners and al this nede ,hem lyketh wel1 and forth in they procede4 #bb4 ,this ,troilus was present in the place1 ,whan axed was for ,antenor ,criseyde1 ,for which ful sone chaungen gan his face1 #aej ,as he that with tho wordes wel neigh deyde4 ,but nathelees1 he no word to it seyde1 ,lest men sholde his affeccioun espye2 ,with mannes herte he gan his sorwes drye4 #bc4 ,and ful of anguish and of grisly drede #aee ,abood what lordes wolde un-to it seye2 ,and if they wolde graunte1 as god forbede1 ,theschaunge of hir1 than thoughte he thinges tweye1 ,first1 how to save hir honour1 and what weye ,he mighte best theschaunge of hir withstonde2 #afj ,ful faste he caste how al this mighte stonde4 #bd4 ,love him made al prest to doon hir byde1 ,and rather dye than she sholde go2 ,but resoun seyde him1 on that other syde1 ',with-oute assent of hir ne do not so1 #afe ,lest for thy werk she wolde be thy fo1 ,and seyn1 that thorugh thy medling is y-blowe ,your bother love1 there it was erst unknowe4' #be4 ,for which he gan deliberen1 for the beste1 ,that though the lordes wolde that she wente1 #agj ,he wolde late hem graunte what hem leste1 ,and telle his lady first what that they mente4 ,and whan that she had seyd him hir entente1 ,ther-after wolde he werken also blyve1 ,though al the world ayein it wolde stryve4 #age #bf4 ,ector1 which that wel the ,grekes herde1 ,for ,antenor how they wolde han ,criseyde1 ,gan it withstonde1 and sobrely answerde3-- ',sires1 she nis no prisoner1' he seyde2 ',i noot on yow who that this charge leyde1 #ahj ,but1 on my part1 ye may eft-sone him telle1 ,we usen here no wommen for to selle4' #bg4 ,the noyse of peple up-stirte thanne at ones1 ,as breme as blase of straw y-set on fyre2 ,for infortune it wolde1 for the nones1 #ahe ,they sholden hir confusioun desyre4 ',ector1' quod they1 'what goost may yow enspyre1 ,this womman thus to shilde and doon us lese ,daun ,antenor8--a wrong wey now ye chese-- #bh4 ,that is so wys1 and eek so bold baroun1 #aij ,and we han nede of folk1 as men may see2 ,he is eek oon1 the grettest of this toun2 ,o ,ector1 lat tho fantasys be6 ,o king ,pryam1' quod they1 'thus seggen we1 ,that al our voys is to for-gon ,criseyde2' #aie ,and to deliveren ,antenor they preyde4 #bi4 ,o ,iuvenal1 lord6 trewe is thy sentence1 ,that litel witen folk what is to yerne ,that they ne finde in hir desyr offence2 ,for cloud of errour lat hem not descerne #bjj ,what best is2 and lo1 here ensample as yerne4 ,this folk desiren now deliveraunce ,of ,antenor1 that broughte hem to mischaunce6 #cj4 ,for he was after traytour to the toun ,of ,troye2 allas6 they quitte him out to rathe2 #bje ,o nyce world1 lo1 thy discrecioun6 ,criseyde1 which that never dide hem skathe1 ,shal now no lenger in hir blisse bathe2 ,but ,antenor1 he shal com hoom to toune1 ,and she shal out2 thus seyden here and howne4 #baj #ca4 ,for which delibered was by parlement1 ,for ,antenor to yelden up ,criseyde1 ,and it pronounced by the president1 ,al-theigh that ,ector 'nay' ful ofte preyde4 ,and fynaly1 what wight that it with-seyde1 #bae ,it was for nought1 it moste been1 and sholde2 ,for substaunce of the parlement it wolde4 #cb4 ,departed out of parlement echone1 ,this ,troilus1 with-oute wordes mo1 ,un-to his chaumbre spedde him faste allone1 #bbj ,but-if it were a man of his or two1 ,the whiche he bad out faste for to go1 ,by-cause he wolde slepen1 as he seyde1 ,and hastely up-on his bed him leyde4 #cc4 ,and as in winter leves been biraft1 #bbe ,eche after other1 til the tree be bare1 ,so that ther nis but bark and braunche y-laft1 ,lyth ,troilus1 biraft of ech wel-fare1 ,y-bounden in the blake bark of care1 ,disposed wood out of his wit to breyde1 #bcj ,so sore him sat the chaunginge of ,criseyde4 #cd4 ,he rist him up1 and every dore he shette ,and windowe eek1 and tho this sorweful man ,up-on his beddes syde a-doun him sette1 ,ful lyk a deed image pale and wan2 #bce ,and in his brest the heped wo bigan ,out-breste1 and he to werken in this wyse ,in his woodnesse1 as ,i shal yow devyse4 #ce4 ,right as the wilde bole biginneth springe ,now here1 now there1 y-darted to the herte1 #bdj ,and of his deeth roreth in compleyninge1 ,right so gan he aboute the chaumbre sterte1 ,smyting his brest ay with his festes smerte2 ,his heed to the wal1 his body to the grounde ,ful ofte he swapte1 him-selven to confounde4 #bde #cf4 ,his eyen two1 for pitee of his herte1 ,out stremeden as swifte welles tweye2 ,the heighe sobbes of his sorwes smerte ,his speche him rafte1 unnethes mighte he seye1 ',o deeth1 allas6 why niltow do me deye8 #bej ,a-cursed be the day which that nature ,shoop me to ben a lyves creature6' #cg4 ,but after1 whan the furie and the rage ,which that his herte twiste and faste threste1 ,by lengthe of tyme somwhat gan asswage1 #bee ,up-on his bed he leyde him doun to reste2 ,but tho bigonne his teres more out-breste1 ,that wonder is1 the body may suffyse ,to half this wo1 which that ,i yow devyse4 #ch4 ,than seyde he thus1 ',fortune6 allas the whyle6 #bfj ,what have ,i doon1 what have ,i thus a-gilt8 ,how mightestow for reuthe me bigyle8 ,is ther no grace1 and shal ,i thus be spilt8 ,shal thus ,criseyde awey1 for that thou wilt8 ,allas6 how maystow in thyn herte finde #bfe ,to been to me thus cruel and unkinde8 #ci4 ,have ,i thee nought honoured al my lyve1 ,as thou wel wost1 above the goddes alle8 ,why wiltow me fro ,ioye thus depryve8 ,o ,troilus1 what may men now thee calle #bgj ,but wrecche of wrecches1 out of honour falle ,in-to miserie1 in which ,i wol biwayle ,criseyde1 allas6 til that the breeth me fayle8 #dj4 ,allas1 ,fortune6 if that my lyf in ,ioye ,displesed hadde un-to thy foule envye1 #bge ,why ne haddestow my fader1 king of ,troye1 ,by-raft the lyf1 or doon my bretheren dye1 ,or slayn my-self1 that thus compleyne and crye1 ,i1 combre-world1 that may of no-thing serve1 ,but ever dye1 and never fully sterve8 #bhj #da4 ,if that ,criseyde allone were me laft1 ,nought roughte ,i whider thou woldest me stere2 ,and hir1 allas6 than hastow me biraft4 ,but ever-more1 lo6 this is thy manere1 ,to reve a wight that most is to him dere1 #bhe ,to preve in that thy gerful violence4 ,thus am ,i lost1 ther helpeth no defence6 #db4 ,o verray lord of love1 ,o god1 allas6 ,that knowest best myn herte and al my thought1 ,what shal my sorwful lyf don in this cas #bij ,if ,i for-go that ,i so dere have bought8 ,sin ye ,cryseyde and me han fully brought ,in-to your grace1 and bothe our hertes seled1 ,how may ye suffre1 allas6 it be repeled8 #dc4 ,what ,i may doon1 ,i shal1 whyl ,i may dure #bie ,on lyve in torment and in cruel peyne1 ,this infortune or this disaventure1 ,allone as ,i was born1 y-wis1 compleyne2 ,ne never wil ,i seen it shyne or reyne2 ,but ende ,i wil1 as ,edippe1 in derknesse #cjj ,my sorwful lyf1 and dyen in distresse4 #dd4 ,o wery goost1 that errest to and fro1 ,why niltow fleen out of the wofulleste ,body1 that ever mighte on grounde go8 ,o soule1 lurkinge in this wo1 unneste1 #cje ,flee forth out of myn herte1 and lat it breste1 ,and folwe alwey ,criseyde1 thy lady dere2 ,thy righte place is now no lenger here6 #de4 ,o wofulle eyen two1 sin your disport ,was al to seen ,criseydes eyen brighte1 #caj ,what shal ye doon but1 for my discomfort1 ,stonden for nought1 and wepen out your sighte8 ,sin she is queynt1 that wont was yow to lighte1 ,in veyn fro-this-forth have ,i eyen tweye ,y-formed1 sin your vertue is a-weye4 #cae #df4 ,o my ,criseyde1 ,o lady sovereyne ,of thilke woful soule that thus cryeth1 ,who shal now yeven comfort to the peyne8 ,allas1 no wight2 but when myn herte dyeth1 ,my spirit1 which that so un-to yow hyeth1 #cbj ,receyve in gree1 for that shal ay yow serve2 ,for-thy no fors is1 though the body sterve4 #dg4 ,o ye loveres1 that heighe upon the wheel ,ben set of ,fortune1 in good aventure1 ,god leve that ye finde ay love of steel1 #cbe ,and longe mot your lyf in ,ioye endure6 ,but whan ye comen by my sepulture1 ,remembreth that your felawe resteth there2 ,for ,i lovede eek1 though ,i unworthy were4 #dh4 ,o olde unholsom and mislyved man1 #ccj ,calkas ,i mene1 allas6 what eyleth thee ,to been a ,greek1 sin thou art born ,troian8 ,o ,calkas1 which that wilt my bane be1 ,in cursed tyme was thou born for me6 ,as wolde blisful ,iove1 for his ,ioye1 #cce ,that ,i thee hadde1 where ,i wolde1 in ,troye6' #di4 ,a thousand sykes1 hottere than the glede1 ,out of his brest ech after other wente1 ,medled with pleyntes newe1 his wo to fede1 ,for which his woful teres never stente2 #cdj ,and shortly1 so his peynes him to-rente1 ,and wex so mat1 that ,ioye nor penaunce ,he feleth noon1 but lyth forth in a traunce4 #ej4 ,pandare1 which that in the parlement ,hadde herd what every lord and burgeys seyde1 #cde ,and how ful graunted was1 by oon assent1 ,for ,antenor to yelden so ,criseyde1 ,gan wel neigh wood out of his wit to breyde1 ,so that1 for wo1 he niste what he mente2 ,but in a rees to ,troilus he wente4 #cej #ea4 ,a certeyn knight1 that for the tyme kepte ,the chaumbre-dore1 un-dide it him anoon2 ,and ,pandare1 that ful tendreliche wepte1 ,in-to the derke chaumbre1 as stille as stoon1 ,toward the bed gan softely to goon1 #cee ,so confus1 that he niste what to seye2 ,for verray wo his wit was neigh aweye4 #eb4 ,and with his chere and loking al to-torn1 ,for sorwe of this1 and with his armes folden1 ,he stood this woful ,troilus biforn1 #cfj ,and on his pitous face he gan biholden2 ,but lord1 so often gan his herte colden1 ,seing his freend in wo1 whos hevinesse ,his herte slow1 as thoughte him1 for distresse4 #ec4 ,this woful wight1 this ,troilus1 that felte #cfe ,his freend ,pandare y-comen him to see1 ,gan as the snow ayein the sonne melte1 ,for which this sorwful ,pandare1 of pitee1 ,gan for to wepe as tendreliche as he2 ,and specheles thus been thise ilke tweye1 #cgj ,that neyther mighte o word for sorwe seye4 #ed4 ,but at the laste this woful ,troilus1 ,ney deed for smert1 gan bresten out to rore1 ,and with a sorwful noyse he seyde thus1 ,among his sobbes and his sykes sore1 #cge ',lo6 ,pandare1 ,i am deed1 with-outen more4 ,hastow nought herd at parlement1' he seyde1 ',for ,antenor how lost is my ,criseyde8' #ee4 ,this ,pandarus1 ful deed and pale of hewe1 ,ful pitously answerde and seyde1 'yis6 #chj ,as wisly were it fals as it is trewe1 ,that ,i have herd1 and wot al how it is4 ,o mercy1 god1 who wolde have trowed this8 ,who wolde have wend that1 in so litel a throwe1 ,fortune our ,ioye wolde han over-throwe8 #che #ef4 ,for in this world ther is no creature1 ,as to my doom1 that ever saw ruyne ,straungere than this1 thorugh cas or aventure4 ,but who may al eschewe or al devyne8 ,swich is this world2 for-thy ,i thus defyne1 #cij ,ne trust no wight to finden in ,fortune ,ay propretee2 hir yeftes been comune4 #eg4 ,but tel me this1 why thou art now so mad ,to sorwen thus8 ,why lystow in this wyse1 ,sin thy desyr al holly hastow had1 #cie ,so that1 by right1 it oughte y-now suffyse8 ,but ,i1 that never felte in my servyse ,a frendly chere or loking of an y1 ,lat me thus wepe and wayle1 til ,i dye4 #eh4 ,and over al this1 as thou wel wost thy-selve1 #djj ,this town is ful of ladies al aboute2 ,and1 to my doom1 fairer than swiche twelve ,as ever she was1 shal ,i finde1 in som route1 ,ye1 oon or two1 with-outen any doute4 ,for-thy be glad1 myn owene dere brother1 #dje ,if she be lost1 we shul recovere another4 #ei4 ,what1 god for-bede alwey that ech plesaunce ,in o thing were1 and in non other wight6 ,if oon can singe1 another can wel daunce2 ,if this be goodly1 she is glad and light2 #daj ,and this is fayr1 and that can good a-right4 ,ech for his vertu holden is for dere1 ,bothe heroner and faucon for rivere4 #fj4 ,and eek1 as writ ,zanzis1 that was ful wys1 ,the newe love out chaceth ofte the olde2 #dae ,and up-on newe cas lyth newe avys4 ,thenk eek1 thy-self to saven artow holde2 ,swich fyr1 by proces1 shal of kinde colde4 ,for sin it is but casuel plesaunce1 ,som cas shal putte it out of remembraunce4 #dbj #fa4 ,for al-so seur as day cometh after night1 ,the newe love1 labour or other wo1 ,or elles selde seinge of a wight1 ,don olde affecciouns alle over-go4 ,and1 for thy part1 thou shalt have oon of tho #dbe ,to abrigge with thy bittre peynes smerte2 ,absence of hir shal dryve hir out of herte4' #fb4 ,thise wordes seyde he for the nones alle1 ,to helpe his freend1 lest he for sorwe deyde4 ,for doutelees1 to doon his wo to falle1 #dcj ,he roughte not what unthrift that he seyde4 ,but ,troilus1 that neigh for sorwe deyde1 ,tok litel hede of al that ever he mente2 ,oon ere it herde1 at the other out it wente3-- #fc4 ,but at the laste answerde and seyde1 'freend1 #dce ,this lechecraft1 or heled thus to be1 ,were wel sitting1 if that ,i were a feend1 ,to traysen hir that trewe is unto me6 ,i pray god1 lat this consayl never y-thee2 ,but do me rather sterve anon-right here #ddj ,er ,i thus do as thou me woldest lere4 #fd4 ,she that ,i serve1 y-wis1 what so thou seye1 ,to whom myn herte enhabit is by right1 ,shal han me holly hires til that ,i deye4 ,for1 ,pandarus1 sin ,i have trouthe hir hight1 #dde ,i wol not been untrewe for no wight2 ,but as hir man ,i wol ay live and sterve1 ,and never other creature serve4 #fe4 ,and ther thou seyst1 thou shall as faire finde ,as she1 lat be1 make no comparisoun #dej ,to creature y-formed here by kinde4 ,o leve ,pandare1 in conclusioun1 ,i wol not be of thyn opinioun1 ,touching al this2 for whiche ,i thee biseche1 ,so hold thy pees2 thou sleest me with thy speche4 #dee #ff4 ,thow biddest me ,i sholde love an-other ,al freshly newe1 and lat ,criseyde go6 ,it lyth not in my power1 leve brother4 ,and though ,i mighte1 ,i wolde not do so4 ,but canstow pleyen raket1 to and fro1 #dfj ,netle in1 dokke out1 now this1 now that1 ,pandare8 ,now foule falle hir1 for thy wo that care6 #fg4 ,thow farest eek by me1 thou ,pandarus1 ,as he1 that whan a wight is wo bi-goon1 ,he cometh to him a pas1 and seyth right thus1 #dfe ,thenk not on smert1 and thou shalt fele noon4 ,thou most me first transmuwen in a stoon1 ,and reve me my passiounes alle1 ,er thou so lightly do my wo to falle4 #fh4 ,the deeth may wel out of my brest departe #dgj ,the lyf1 so longe may this sorwe myne2 ,but fro my soule shal ,criseydes darte ,out never-mo2 but doun with ,proserpyne1 ,whan ,i am deed1 ,i wol go wone in pyne2 ,and ther ,i wol eternally compleyne #dge ,my wo1 and how that twinned be we tweyne4 #fi4 ,thow hast here maad an argument1 for fyn1 ,how that it sholde lasse peyne be ,criseyde to for-goon1 for she was myn1 ,and live in ese and in felicitee4 #dhj ,why gabbestow1 that seydest thus to me ,that him is wors that is fro wele y-throwe1 ,than he hadde erst non of that wele y-knowe8 #gj4 ,but tel me now1 sin that thee thinketh so light ,to chaungen so in love1 ay to and fro1 #dhe ,why hastow not don bisily thy might ,to chaungen hir that doth thee al thy wo8 ,why niltow lete hir fro thyn herte go8 ,why niltow love an-other lady swete1 ,that may thyn herte setten in quiete8 #dij #ga4 ,if thou hast had in love ay yet mischaunce1 ,and canst it not out of thyn herte dryve1 ,i1 that livede in lust and in plesaunce ,with hir as muche as creature on-lyve1 ,how sholde ,i that foryete1 and that so blyve8 #die ,o where hastow ben hid so longe in muwe1 ,that canst so wel and formely arguwe8 #gb4 ,nay1 nay1 god wot1 nought worth is al thy reed1 ,for which1 for what that ever may bifalle1 ,with-outen wordes mo1 ,i wol be deed4 #ejj ,o deeth1 that endere art of sorwes alle1 ,com now1 sin ,i so ofte after thee calle1 ,for sely is that deeth1 soth for to seyne1 ,that1 ofte y-cleped1 cometh and endeth peyne4 #gc4 ,wel wot ,i1 whyl my lyf was in quiete1 #eje ,er thou me slowe1 ,i wolde have yeven hyre2 ,but now thy cominge is to me so swete1 ,that in this world ,i no-thing so desyre4 ,o deeth1 sin with this sorwe ,i am a-fyre1 ,thou outher do me anoon in teres drenche1 #eaj ,or with thy colde strook myn hete quenche6 #gd4 ,sin that thou sleest so fele in sondry wyse ,ayens hir wil1 unpreyed1 day and night1 ,do me1 at my requeste1 this servyse1 ,delivere now the world1 so dostow right1 #eae ,of me1 that am the wofulleste wight ,that ever was2 for tyme is that ,i sterve1 ,sin in this world of right nought may ,i serve4' #ge4 ,this ,troilus in teres gan distille1 ,as licour out of alambyk ful faste2 #ebj ,and ,pandarus gan holde his tunge stille1 ,and to the ground his eyen doun he caste4 ,but nathelees1 thus thoughte he at the laste1 ',what1 parde1 rather than my felawe deye1 ,yet shal ,i som-what more un-to him seye3' #ebe #gf4 ,and seyde1 'freend1 sin thou hast swich distresse1 ,and sin thee list myn arguments to blame1 ,why nilt thy-selven helpen doon redresse1 ,and with thy manhod letten al this grame8 ,go ravisshe hir ne canstow not for shame6 #ecj ,and outher lat hir out of toune fare1 ,or hold hir stille1 and leve thy nyce fare4 #gg4 ,artow in ,troye1 and hast non hardiment ,to take a womman which that loveth thee1 ,and wolde hir-selven been of thyn assent8 #ece ,now is not this a nyce vanitee8 ,rys up anoon1 and lat this weping be1 ,and kyth thou art a man1 for in this houre ,i wil be deed1 or she shal bleven oure4' #gh4 ,to this answerde him ,troilus ful softe1 #edj ,and seyde1 'parde1 leve brother dere1 ,al this have ,i my-self yet thought ful ofte1 ,and more thing than thou devysest here4 ,but why this thing is laft1 thou shalt wel here2 ,and whan thou me hast yeve an audience1 #ede ,ther-after mayst thou telle al thy sentence4 #gi4 ,first1 sin thou wost this toun hath al this werre ,for ravisshing of wommen so by might1 ,it sholde not be suffred me to erre1 ,as it stant now1 ne doon so gret unright4 #eej ,i sholde han also blame of every wight1 ,my fadres graunt if that ,i so withstode1 ,sin she is chaunged for the tounes goode4 #hj4 ,i have eek thought1 so it were hir assent1 ,to aske hir at my fader1 of his grace2 #eee ,than thenke ,i1 this were hir accusement1 ,sin wel ,i woot ,i may hir not purchace4 ,for sin my fader1 in so heigh a place ,as parlement1 hath hir eschaunge enseled1 ,he nil for me his lettre be repeled4 #efj #ha4 ,yet drede ,i most hir herte to pertourbe ,with violence1 if ,i do swich a game2 ,for if ,i wolde it openly distourbe1 ,it moste been disclaundre to hir name4 ,and me were lever deed than hir defame1 #efe ,as nolde god but-if ,i sholde have ,hir honour lever than my lyf to save6 #hb4 ,thus am ,i lost1 for ought that ,i can see2 ,for certeyn is1 sin that ,i am hir knight1 ,i moste hir honour levere han than me #egj ,in every cas1 as lovere oughte of right4 ,thus am ,i with desyr and reson twight2 ,desyr for to distourben hir me redeth1 ,and reson nil not1 so myn herte dredeth4' #hc4 ,thus wepinge that he coude never cesse1 #ege ,he seyde1 'allas6 how shal ,i1 wrecche1 fare8 ,for wel fele ,i alwey my love encresse1 ,and hope is lasse and lasse alwey1 ,pandare6 ,encressen eek the causes of my care2 ,so wel-a-wey1 why nil myn herte breste8 #ehj ,for1 as in love1 ther is but litel reste4' #hd4 ,pandare answerde1 'freend1 thou mayst1 for me1 ,don as thee list2 but hadde ich it so hote1 ,and thyn estat1 she sholde go with me2 ,though al this toun cryede on this thing by note1 #ehe ,i nolde sette at al that noyse a grote4 ,for when men han wel cryed1 than wol they roune2 ,a wonder last but nyne night never in toune4 #he4 ,devyne not in reson ay so depe ,ne curteysly1 but help thy-self anoon2 #eij ,bet is that othere than thy-selven wepe1 ,and namely1 sin ye two been al oon4 ,rys up1 for by myn heed1 she shal not goon2 ,and rather be in blame a lyte y-founde ,than sterve here as a gnat1 with-oute wounde4 #eie #hf4 ,it is no shame un-to yow1 ne no vyce ,hir to with-holden1 that ye loveth most4 ,paraunter1 she mighte holden thee for nyce ,to lete hir go thus to the ,grekes ost4 ,thenk eek ,fortune1 as wel thy-selven wost1 #fjj ,helpeth hardy man to his empryse1 ,and weyveth wrecches1 for hir cowardyse4 #hg4 ,and though thy lady wolde a litel hir greve1 ,thou shalt thy pees ful wel here-after make1 ,but as for me1 certayn1 ,i can not leve #fje ,that she wolde it as now for yvel take4 ,why sholde than for ferd thyn herte quake8 ,thenk eek how ,paris hath1 that is thy brother1 ,a love2 and why shaltow not have another8 #hh4 ,and ,troilus1 o thing ,i dar thee swere1 #faj ,that if ,criseyde1 whiche that is thy leef1 ,now loveth thee as wel as thou dost here1 ,god helpe me so1 she nil not take a-greef1 ,though thou do bote a-noon in this mischeef4 ,and if she wilneth fro thee for to passe1 #fae ,thanne is she fals2 so love hir wel the lasse4 #hi4 ,for-thy tak herte1 and thenk1 right as a knight1 ,thourgh love is broken alday every lawe4 ,kyth now sumwhat thy corage and thy might1 ,have mercy on thy-self1 for any awe4 #fbj ,lat not this wrecched wo thin herte gnawe1 ,but manly set the world on sixe and sevene2 ,and1 if thou deye a martir1 go to hevene4 #ij4 ,i wol my-self be with thee at this dede1 ,though ich and al my kin1 up-on a stounde1 #fbe ,shulle in a strete as dogges liggen dede1 ,thourgh-girt with many a wyd and blody wounde4 ,in every cas ,i wol a freend be founde4 ,and if thee list here sterven as a wrecche1 ,a-dieu1 the devel spede him that it recche6' #fcj #ia4 ,this ,troilus gan with tho wordes quiken1 ,and seyde1 'freend1 graunt mercy1 ich assente2 ,but certaynly thou mayst not me so priken1 ,ne peyne noon ne may me so tormente1 ,that1 for no cas1 it is not myn entente1 #fce ,at shorte wordes1 though ,i dyen sholde1 ,to ravisshe hir1 but-if hir-self it wolde4' #ib4 ',why1 so mene ,i1' quod ,pandarus1 'al this day4 ,but tel me than1 hastow hir wel assayed1 ,that sorwest thus8' ,and he answerde1 'nay4' #fdj ',wher-of artow1' quod ,pandare1 'than a-mayed1 ,that nost not that she wol ben yvel apayed ,to ravisshe hir1 sin thou hast not ben there1 ,but-if that ,iove tolde it in thyn ere8 #ic4 ,for-thy rys up1 as nought ne were1 anoon1 #fde ,and wash thy face1 and to the king thou wende1 ,or he may wondren whider thou art goon4 ,thou most with wisdom him and othere blende2 ,or1 up-on cas1 he may after thee sende ,er thou be war2 and shortly1 brother dere1 #fej ,be glad1 and lat me werke in this matere4 #id4 ,for ,i shal shape it so1 that sikerly ,thou shalt this night som tyme1 in som manere1 ,com speke with thy lady prevely1 ,and by hir wordes eek1 and by hir chere1 #fee ,thou shalt ful sone aparceyve and wel here ,al hir entente1 and in this cas the beste2 ,and fare now wel1 for in this point ,i reste4' #ie4 ,the swifte ,fame1 whiche that false thinges ,egal reporteth lyk the thinges trewe1 #ffj ,was thorugh-out ,troye y-fled with preste winges ,fro man to man1 and made this tale al newe1 ,how ,calkas doughter1 with hir brighte hewe1 ,at parlement1 with-oute wordes more1 ,i-graunted was in chaunge of ,antenore4 #ffe #if4 ,the whiche tale anoon-right as ,criseyde ,had herd1 she which that of hir fader roughte1 ,as in this cas1 right nought1 ne whanne he deyde1 ,ful bisily to ,iuppiter bisoughte ,yeve him mischaunce that this tretis broughte4 #fgj ,but shortly1 lest thise tales sothe were1 ,she dorste at no wight asken it1 for fere4 #ig4 ,as she that hadde hir herte and al hir minde ,on ,troilus y-set so wonder faste1 ,that al this world ne mighte hir love unbinde1 #fge ,ne ,troilus out of hir herte caste2 ,she wol ben his1 whyl that hir lyf may laste4 ,and thus she brenneth bothe in love and drede1 ,so that she niste what was best to rede4 #ih4 ,but as men seen in toune1 and al aboute1 #fhj ,that wommen usen frendes to visyte1 ,so to ,criseyde of wommen com a route ,for pitous ,ioye1 and wenden hir delyte2 ,and with hir tales1 dere y-nough a myte1 ,these wommen1 whiche that in the cite dwelle1 #fhe ,they sette hem doun1 and seyde as ,i shal telle4 #ii4 ,quod first that oon1 ',i am glad1 trewely1 ,by-cause of yow1 that shal your fader see4' ,a-nother seyde1 'y-wis1 so nam not ,i2 ,for al to litel hath she with us be4' #fij ,quod tho the thridde1 ',i hope1 y-wis1 that she ,shal bringen us the pees on every syde1 ,that1 whan she gooth1 almighty god hir gyde6' #ajj4 ,tho wordes and tho wommannisshe thinges1 ,she herde hem right as though she thennes were2 #fie ,for1 god it wot1 hir herte on other thing is1 ,although the body sat among hem there4 ,hir advertence is alwey elles-where2 ,for ,troilus ful faste hir soule soughte2 ,with-outen word1 alwey on him she thoughte4 #gjj #aja4 ,thise wommen1 that thus wenden hir to plese1 ,aboute nought gonne alle hir tales spende2 ,swich vanitee ne can don hir non ese1 ,as she that1 al this mene whyle1 brende ,of other passioun than that they wende1 #gje ,so that she felte almost hir herte deye ,for wo1 and wery of that companye4 #ajb4 ,for which no lenger mighte she restreyne ,hir teres1 so they gonnen up to welle1 ,that yeven signes of the bitter peyne #gaj ,in whiche hir spirit was1 and moste dwelle2 ,remembring hir1 fro heven unto which helle ,she fallen was1 sith she forgoth the sighte ,of ,troilus1 and sorowfully she sighte4 #ajc4 ,and thilke foles sittinge hir aboute #gae ,wenden1 that she wepte and syked sore ,by-cause that she sholde out of that route ,departe1 and never pleye with hem more4 ,and they that hadde y-knowen hir of yore ,seye hir so wepe1 and thoughte it kindenesse1 #gbj ,and eche of hem wepte eek for hir distresse2 #ajd4 ,and bisily they gonnen hir conforten ,of thing1 god wot1 on which she litel thoughte2 ,and with hir tales wenden hir disporten1 ,and to be glad they often hir bisoughte4 #gbe ,but swich an ese ther-with they hir wroughte ,right as a man is esed for to fele1 ,for ache of heed1 to clawen him on his hele6 #aje4 ,but after al this nyce vanitee ,they took hir leve1 and hoom they wenten alle4 #gcj ,criseyde1 ful of sorweful pitee1 ,in-to hir chaumbre up wente out of the halle1 ,and on hir bed she gan for deed to falle1 ,in purpos never thennes for to ryse2 ,and thus she wroughte1 as ,i shal yow devyse4 #gce #ajf4 ,hir ounded heer1 that sonnish was of hewe1 ,she rente1 and eek hir fingres longe and smale ,she wrong ful ofte1 and bad god on hir rewe1 ,and with the deeth to doon bote on hir bale4 ,hir hewe1 whylom bright1 that tho was pale1 #gdj ,bar witnes of hir wo and hir constreynte2 ,and thus she spak1 sobbinge1 in hir compleynte3 #ajg4 ',alas6' quod she1 'out of this regioun ,i1 woful wrecche and infortuned wight1 ,and born in corsed constellacioun1 #gde ,mot goon1 and thus departen fro my knight2 ,wo worth1 allas6 that ilke dayes light ,on which ,i saw him first with eyen tweyne1 ,that causeth me1 and ,i him1 al this peyne6' #ajh4 ,therwith the teres from hir eyen two #gej ,doun fille1 as shour in ,aperill1 ful swythe2 ,hir whyte brest she bet1 and for the wo ,after the deeth she cryed a thousand sythe1 ,sin he that wont hir wo was for to lythe1 ,she mot for-goon2 for which disaventure #gee ,she held hir-self a forlost creature4 #aji4 ,she seyde1 'how shal he doon1 and ,i also8 ,how sholde ,i live1 if that ,i from him twinne8 ,o dere herte eek1 that ,i love so1 ,who shal that sorwe sleen that ye ben inne8 #gfj ,o ,calkas1 fader1 thyn be al this sinne6 ,o moder myn1 that cleped were ,argyve1 ,wo worth that day that thou me bere on lyve6 #aaj4 ,to what fyn sholde ,i live and sorwen thus8 ,how sholde a fish with-oute water dure8 #gfe ,what is ,criseyde worth1 from ,troilus8 ,how sholde a plaunte or lyves creature ,live1 with-oute his kinde noriture8 ,for which ful oft a by-word here ,i seye1 ,that1 rotelees1 mot grene sone deye4 #ggj #aaa4 ,i shal don thus1 sin neither swerd ne darte ,dar ,i non handle1 for the crueltee1 ,that ilke day that ,i from yow departe1 ,if sorwe of that nil not my bane be1 ,than shal no mete or drinke come in me #gge ,til ,i my soule out of my breste unshethe2 ,and thus my-selven wol ,i do to dethe4 #aab4 ,and1 ,troilus1 my clothes everichoon ,shul blake been1 in tokeninge1 herte swete1 ,that ,i am as out of this world agoon1 #ghj ,that wont was yow to setten in quiete2 ,and of myn ordre1 ay til deeth me mete1 ,the observaunce ever1 in your absence1 ,shal sorwe been1 compleynte1 and abstinence4 #aac4 ,myn herte and eek the woful goost ther-inne #ghe ,biquethe ,i1 with your spirit to compleyne ,eternally1 for they shul never twinne4 ,for though in erthe y-twinned be we tweyne1 ,yet in the feld of pitee1 out of peyne1 ,that hight ,elysos1 shul we been y-fere1 #gij ,as ,orpheus and ,erudice his fere4 #aad4 ,thus herte myn1 for ,antenor1 allas6 ,i sone shal be chaunged1 as ,i wene4 ,but how shul ye don in this sorwful cas1 ,how shal your tendre herte this sustene8 #gie ,but herte myn1 for-yet this sorwe and tene1 ,and me also2 for1 soothly for to seye1 ,so ye wel fare1 ,i recche not to deye4' #aae4 ,how mighte it ever y-red ben or y-songe1 ,the pleynte that she made in hir distresse8 #hjj ,i noot2 but1 as for me1 my litel tonge1 ,if ,i discreven wolde hir hevinesse1 ,it sholde make hir sorwe seme lesse ,than that it was1 and childishly deface ,hir heigh compleynte1 and therfore ,i it pace4 #hje #aaf4 ,pandare1 which that sent from ,troilus ,was to ,criseyde1 as ye han herd devyse1 ,that for the beste it was accorded thus1 ,and he ful glad to doon him that servyse1 ,un-to ,criseyde1 in a ful secree wyse1 #haj ,ther-as she lay in torment and in rage1 ,com hir to telle al hoolly his message4 #aag4 ,and fond that she hir-selven gan to trete ,ful pitously2 for with hir salte teres ,hir brest1 hir face y-bathed was ful wete2 #hae ,the mighty tresses of hir sonnish heres1 ,unbroyden1 hangen al aboute hir eres2 ,which yaf him verray signal of martyre ,of deeth1 which that hir herte gan desyre4 #aah4 ,whan she him saw1 she gan for sorwe anoon #hbj ,hir tery face a-twixe hir armes hyde1 ,for which this ,pandare is so wo bi-goon1 ,that in the hous he mighte unnethe abyde1 ,as he that pitee felte on every syde4 ,for if ,criseyde hadde erst compleyned sore1 #hbe ,tho gan she pleyne a thousand tymes more4 #aai4 ,and in hir aspre pleynte than she seyde1 ',pandare first of ,ioyes mo than two ,was cause causinge un-to me1 ,criseyde1 ,that now transmuwed been in cruel wo4 #hcj ,wher shal ,i seye to yow wel come or no1 ,that alderfirst me broughte in-to servyse ,of love1 allas6 that endeth in swich wyse8 #abj4 ,endeth than love in wo8 ,ye1 or men lyeth6 ,and alle worldly blisse1 as thinketh me1 #hce ,the ende of blisse ay sorwe it occupyeth2 ,and who-so troweth not that it so be1 ,lat him upon me1 woful wrecche1 y-see1 ,that my-self hate1 and ay my birthe acorse1 ,felinge alwey1 fro wikke ,i go to worse4 #hdj #aba4 ,who-so me seeth1 he seeth sorwe al at ones1 ,peyne1 torment1 pleynte1 wo1 distresse4 ,out of my woful body harm ther noon is1 ,as anguish1 langour1 cruel bitternesse1 ,a-noy1 smert1 drede1 fury1 and eek siknesse4 #hde ,i trowe1 y-wis1 from hevene teres reyne1 ,for pitee of myn aspre and cruel peyne6' #abb4 ',and thou1 my suster1 ful of discomfort1' ,quod ,pandarus1 'what thenkestow to do8 ,why ne hastow to thy-selven som resport1 #hej ,why woltow thus thy-selve1 allas1 for-do8 ,leef al this werk and tak now hede to ,that ,i shal seyn1 and herkne1 of good entente1 ,this1 which by me thy ,troilus thee sente4' #abc4 ,torned hir tho ,criseyde1 a wo makinge #hee ,so greet that it a deeth was for to see3-- ',allas6' quod she1 'what wordes may ye bringe8 ,what wol my dere herte seyn to me1 ,which that ,i drede never-mo to see8 ,wol he have pleynte or teres1 er ,i wende8 #hfj ,i have y-nowe1 if he ther-after sende6' #abd4 ,she was right swich to seen in hir visage ,as is that wight that men on bere binde2 ,hir face1 lyk of ,paradys the image1 ,was al y-chaunged in another kinde4 #hfe ,the pleye1 the laughtre men was wont to finde ,in hir1 and eek hir ,ioyes everychone1 ,ben fled1 and thus lyth now ,criseyde allone4 #abe4 ,aboute hir eyen two a purpre ring ,bi-trent1 in sothfast tokninge of hir peyne1 #hgj ,that to biholde it was a dedly thing1 ,for which ,pandare mighte not restreyne ,the teres from his eyen for to reyne4 ,but nathelees1 as he best mighte1 he seyde ,from ,troilus thise wordes to ,criseyde4 #hge #abf4 ',lo1 nece1 ,i trowe ye han herd al how ,the king1 with othere lordes1 for the beste1 ,hath mad eschaunge of ,antenor and yow1 ,that cause is of this sorwe and this unreste4 ,but how this cas doth ,troilus moleste1 #hhj ,that may non erthely mannes tonge seye2 ,for verray wo his wit is al aweye4 #abg4 ,for which we han so sorwed1 he and ,i1 ,that in-to litel bothe it hadde us slawe2 ,but thurgh my conseil this day1 fynally1 #hhe ,he somwhat is fro weping now with-drawe4 ,and semeth me that he desyreth fawe ,with yow to been al night1 for to devyse ,remede in this1 if ther were any wyse4 #abh4 ,this1 short and pleyne1 theffect of my message1 #hij ,as ferforth as my wit can comprehende4 ,for ye1 that been of torment in swich rage1 ,may to no long prologe as now entende2 ,and her-upon ye may answere him sende4 ,and1 for the love of god1 my nece dere1 #hie ,so leef this wo er ,troilus be here4' #abi4 ',gret is my wo1' quod she1 and sighte sore1 ,as she that feleth dedly sharp distresse2 ',but yet to me his sorwe is muchel more1 ,that love him bet than he him-self1 ,i gesse4 #ijj ,allas6 for me hath he swich hevinesse8 ,can he for me so pitously compleyne8 ,y-wis1 this sorwe doubleth al my peyne4 #acj4 ,grevous to me1 god wot1 is for to twinne1' ,quod she1 'but yet it hardere is to me #ije ,to seen that sorwe which that he is inne2 ,for wel wot ,i1 it wol my bane be2 ,and deye ,i wol in certayn1' tho quod she2 ',but bidde him come1 er deeth1 that thus me threteth1 ,dryve out that goost1 which in myn herte beteth4' #iaj #aca4 ,thise wordes seyd1 she on hir armes two ,fil gruf1 and gan to wepe pitously4 ,quod ,pandarus1 'allas6 why do ye so1 ,syn wel ye wot the tyme is faste by1 ,that he shal come8 ,arys up hastely1 #iae ,that he yow nat biwopen thus ne finde1 ,but ye wol han him wood out of his minde6 #acb4 ,for wiste he that ye ferde in this manere1 ,he wolde him-selve slee2 and if ,i wende ,to han this fare1 he sholde not come here #ibj ,for al the good that ,pryam may despende4 ,for to what fyn he wolde anoon pretende1 ,that knowe ,i wel2 and for-thy yet ,i seye1 ,so leef this sorwe1 or platly he wol deye4 #acc4 ,and shapeth yow his sorwe for to abregge1 #ibe ,and nought encresse1 leve nece swete2 ,beth rather to him cause of flat than egge1 ,and with som wysdom ye his sorwes bete4 ,what helpeth it to wepen ful a strete1 ,or though ye bothe in salte teres dreynte8 #icj ,bet is a tyme of cure ay than of pleynte4 #acd4 ,i mene thus2 whan ,i him hider bringe1 ,sin ye ben wyse1 and bothe of oon assent1 ,so shapeth how distourbe your goinge1 ,or come ayen1 sone after ye be went4 #ice ,wommen ben wyse in short avysement2 ,and lat sen how your wit shal now avayle2 ,and what that ,i may helpe1 it shal not fayle4' #ace4 ',go1' quod ,criseyde1 'and uncle1 trewely1 ,i shal don al my might1 me to restreyne #idj ,from weping in his sight1 and bisily1 ,him for to glade1 ,i shal don al my peyne1 ,and in myn herte seken every veyne2 ,if to this soor ther may be founden salve1 ,it shal not lakken1 certain1 on myn halve4' #ide #acf4 ,goth ,pandarus1 and ,troilus he soughte1 ,til in a temple he fond him allone1 ,as he that of his lyf no lenger roughte2 ,but to the pitouse goddes everichone ,ful tendrely he preyde1 and made his mone1 #iej ,to doon him sone out of this world to pace2 ,for wel he thoughte ther was non other grace4 #acg4 ,and shortly1 al the sothe for to seye1 ,he was so fallen in despeyr that day1 ,that outrely he shoop him for to deye4 #iee ,for right thus was his argument alwey3 ,he seyde1 he nas but loren1 waylawey6 ',for al that comth1 comth by necessitee2 ,thus to be lorn1 it is my destinee4 #ach4 ,for certaynly1 this wot ,i wel1' he seyde1 #ifj ,that for-sight of divyne purveyaunce ,hath seyn alwey me to for-gon ,criseyde1 ,sin god seeth every thing1 out of doutaunce1 ,and hem desponeth1 thourgh his ordenaunce1 ,in hir merytes sothly for to be1 #ife ,as they shul comen by predestinee4 #aci4 ,but nathelees1 allas6 whom shal ,i leve8 ,for ther ben grete clerkes many oon1 ,that destinee thorugh argumentes preve2 ,and som men seyn that nedely ther is noon2 #igj ,but that free chois is yeven us everichoon4 ,o1 welaway6 so sleye arn clerkes olde1 ,that ,i not whos opinion ,i may holde4 #adj4 ,for som men seyn1 if god seth al biforn1 ,ne god may not deceyved ben1 pardee1 #ige ,than moot it fallen1 though men hadde it sworn1 ,that purveyaunce hath seyn bifore to be4 ,wherfor ,i seye1 that from eterne if he ,hath wist biforn our thought eek as our dede1 ,we have no free chois1 as these clerkes rede4 #ihj #ada4 ,for other thought nor other dede also ,might never be1 but swich as purveyaunce1 ,which may not ben deceyved never-mo1 ,hath feled biforn1 with-outen ignoraunce4 ,for if ther mighte been a variaunce #ihe ,to wrythen out fro goddes purveyinge1 ,ther nere no prescience of thing cominge2 #adb4 ,but it were rather an opinioun ,uncerteyn1 and no stedfast forseinge2 ,and certes1 that were an abusioun1 #iij ,that god shuld han no parfit cleer witinge ,more than we men that han doutous weninge4 ,but swich an errour up-on god to gesse ,were fals and foul1 and wikked corsednesse4 #adc4 ,eek this is an opinioun of somme #iie ,that han hir top ful heighe and smothe y-shore2 ,they seyn right thus1 that thing is not to come ,for that the prescience hath seyn bifore ,that it shal come2 but they seyn1 that therfore ,that it shal come1 therfore the purveyaunce #ajjj ,wot it biforn with-outen ignoraunce2 #add4 ,and in this manere this necessitee ,retorneth in his part contrarie agayn4 ,for needfully bihoveth it not to be ,that thilke thinges fallen in certayn #ajje ,that ben purveyed2 but nedely1 as they seyn1 ,bihoveth it that thinges1 whiche that falle1 ,that they in certayn ben purveyed alle4 #ade4 ,i mene as though ,i laboured me in this1 ,to enqueren which thing cause of which thing be2 #ajaj ,as whether that the prescience of god is ,the certayn cause of the necessitee ,of thinges that to comen been1 pardee2 ,or if necessitee of thing cominge ,be cause certeyn of the purveyinge4 #ajae #adf4 ,but now ne enforce ,i me nat in shewinge ,how the ordre of causes stant2 but wel wot ,i1 ,that it bihoveth that the bifallinge ,of thinges wist biforen certeynly ,be necessarie1 al seme it not ther-by #ajbj ,that prescience put falling necessaire ,to thing to come1 al falle it foule or faire4 #adg4 ,for if ther sit a man yond on a see1 ,than by necessitee bihoveth it ,that1 certes1 thyn opinioun soth be1 #ajbe ,that wenest or coniectest that he sit2 ,and ferther-over now ayenward yit1 ,lo1 right so it is of the part contrarie1 ,as thus2 7now herkne1 for ,i wol not tarie73 #adh4 ,i seye1 that if the opinioun of thee #ajcj ,be sooth1 for that he sit1 than seye ,i this1 ,that he mot sitten by necessitee2 ,and thus necessitee in either is4 ,for in him nede of sitting is1 y-wis1 ,and in thee nede of sooth2 and thus1 forsothe1 #ajce ,ther moot necessitee ben in yow bothe4 #adi4 ,but thou mayst seyn1 the man sit not therfore1 ,that thyn opinion of sitting soth is2 ,but rather1 for the man sit ther bifore1 ,therfore is thyn opinion sooth1 y-wis4 #ajdj ,and ,i seye1 though the cause of sooth of this ,comth of his sitting1 yet necessitee ,is entrechaunged1 bothe in him and thee4 #aej4 ,thus on this same wyse1 out of doutaunce1 ,i may wel maken1 as it semeth me1 #ajde ,my resoninge of goddes purveyaunce1 ,and of the thinges that to comen be2 ,by whiche reson men may wel y-see1 ,that thilke thinges that in erthe falle1 ,that by necessitee they comen alle4 #ajej #aea4 ,for al-though that1 for thing shal come1 y-wis1 ,therfore is it purveyed1 certaynly1 ,nat that it comth for it purveyed is3 ,yet nathelees1 bihoveth it nedfully1 ,that thing to come be purveyed1 trewely2 #ajee ,or elles1 thinges that purveyed be1 ,that they bityden by necessitee4 #aeb4 ,and this suffyseth right y-now1 certeyn1 ,for to destroye our free chois every del4-- ,but now is this abusion to seyn1 #ajfj ,that fallinge of the thinges temporel ,is cause of goddes prescience eternel4 ,now trewely1 that is a fals sentence1 ,that thing to come sholde cause his prescience4 #aec4 ,what mighte ,i wene1 and ,i hadde swich a thought1 #ajfe ,but that god purveyth thing that is to come ,for that it is to come1 and elles nought8 ,so mighte ,i wene that thinges alle and some1 ,that whylom been bifalle and over-come1 ,ben cause of thilke sovereyn purveyaunce1 #ajgj ,that for-wot al with-outen ignoraunce4 #aed4 ,and over al this1 yet seye ,i more herto1 ,that right as whan ,i woot ther is a thing1 ,y-wis1 that thing mot nedefully be so2 ,eek right so1 whan ,i woot a thing coming1 #ajge ,so mot it come2 and thus the bifalling ,of thinges that ben wist bifore the tyde1 ,they mowe not been eschewed on no syde4' #aee4 ,than seyde he thus1 'almighty ,iove in trone1 ,that wost of al this thing the soothfastnesse1 #ajhj ,rewe on my sorwe1 or do me deye sone1 ,or bring ,criseyde and me fro this distresse4' ,and whyl he was in al this hevinesse1 ,disputinge with him-self in this matere1 ,com ,pandare in1 and seyde as ye may here4 #ajhe #aef4 ',o mighty god1' quod ,pandarus1 'in trone1 ,ey6 who seigh ever a wys man faren so8 ,why1 ,troilus1 what thenkestow to done8 ,hastow swich lust to been thyn owene fo8 ,what1 parde1 yet is not ,criseyde a-go6 #ajij ,why lust thee so thy-self for-doon for drede1 ,that in thyn heed thyn eyen semen dede8 #aeg4 ,hastow not lived many a yeer biforn ,with-outen hir1 and ferd ful wel at ese8 ,artow for hir and for non other born8 #ajie ,hath kinde thee wroughte al-only hir to plese8 ,lat be1 and thenk right thus in thy disese4 ,that1 in the dees right as ther fallen chaunces1 ,right so in love1 ther come and goon plesaunces4 #aeh4 ,and yet this is a wonder most of alle1 #aajj ,why thou thus sorwest1 sin thou nost not yit1 ,touching hir goinge1 how that it shal falle1 ,ne if she can hir-self distorben it4 ,thou hast not yet assayed al hir wit4 ,a man may al by tyme his nekke bede #aaje ,whan it shal of1 and sorwen at the nede4 #aei4 ,for-thy take hede of that that ,i shal seye2 ,i have with hir y-spoke and longe y-be1 ,so as accorded was bitwixe us tweye4 ,and ever-mo me thinketh thus1 that she #aaaj ,hath som-what in hir hertes prevetee1 ,wher-with she can1 if ,i shal right arede1 ,distorbe al this1 of which thou art in drede4 #afj4 ,for which my counseil is1 whan it is night1 ,thou to hir go1 and make of this an ende2 #aaae ,and blisful ,iuno1 thourgh hir grete mighte1 ,shal1 as ,i hope1 hir grace un-to us sende4 ,myn herte seyth1 certeyn1 she shal not wende2 ,and for-thy put thyn herte a whyle in reste2 ,and hold this purpos1 for it is the beste4' #aabj #afa4 ,this ,troilus answerde1 and sighte sore1 ',thou seyst right wel1 and ,i wil do right so2' ,and what him liste1 he seyde un-to it more4 ,and whan that it was tyme for to go1 ,ful prevely him-self1 with-outen mo1 #aabe ,un-to hir com1 as he was wont to done2 ,and how they wroughte1 ,i shal yow telle sone4 #afb4 ,soth is1 that whan they gonne first to mete1 ,so gan the peyne hir hertes for to twiste1 ,that neither of hem other mighte grete1 #aacj ,but hem in armes toke and after kiste4 ,the lasse wofulle of hem bothe niste ,wher that he was1 ne mighte o word out-bringe1 ,as ,i seyde erst1 for wo and for sobbinge4 #afc4 ,tho woful teres that they leten falle #aace ,as bittre weren1 out of teres kinde1 ,for peyne1 as is ligne alos or galle4 ,so bittre teres weep nought1 as ,i finde1 ,the woful ,myrra through the bark and rinde4 ,that in this world ther nis so hard an herte1 #aadj ,that nolde han rewed on hir peynes smerte4 #afd4 ,but whan hir woful wery gostes tweyne ,retorned been ther-as hem oughte dwelle1 ,and that som-what to wayken gan the peyne ,by lengthe of pleynte1 and ebben gan the welle #aade ,of hire teres1 and the herte unswelle1 ,with broken voys1 al hoors for-shright1 ,criseyde ,to ,troilus thise ilke wordes seyde3 #afe4 ',o ,iove1 ,i deye1 and mercy ,i beseche6 ,help1 ,troilus6' and ther-with-al hir face #aaej ,upon his brest she leyde1 and loste speche2 ,hir woful spirit from his propre place1 ,right with the word1 alwey up poynt to pace4 ,and thus she lyth with hewes pale and grene1 ,that whylom fresh and fairest was to sene4 #aaee #aff4 ,this ,troilus1 that on hir gan biholde1 ,clepinge hir name1 7and she lay as for deed1 ,with-oute answere1 and felte hir limes colde1 ,hir eyen throwen upward to hir heed71 ,this sorwful man can now noon other reed1 #aafj ,but ofte tyme hir colde mouth he kiste2 ,wher him was wo1 god and him-self it wiste6 #afg4 ,he rist him up1 and long streight he hir leyde2 ,for signe of lyf1 for ought he can or may1 ,can he noon finde in no-thing on ,criseyde1 #aafe ,for which his song ful ofte is 'weylaway6' ,but whan he saugh that specheles she lay1 ,with sorwful voys1 and herte of blisse al bare1 ,he seyde how she was fro this world y-fare6 #afh4 ,so after that he longe hadde hir compleyned1 #aagj ,his hondes wrong1 and seyde that was to seye1 ,and with his teres salte hir brest bireyned1 ,he gan tho teris wypen of ful dreye1 ,and pitously gan for the soule preye1 ,and seyde1 ',o lord1 that set art in thy trone1 #aage ,rewe eek on me1 for ,i shal folwe hir sone6' #afi4 ,she cold was and with-outen sentement1 ,for aught he woot1 for breeth ne felte he noon2 ,and this was him a preignant argument ,that she was forth out of this world agoon2 #aahj ,and whan he seigh ther was non other woon1 ,he gan hir limes dresse in swich manere ,as men don hem that shul be leyd on bere4 #agj4 ,and after this1 with sterne and cruel herte1 ,his swerd a-noon out of his shethe he twighte1 #aahe ,him-self to sleen1 how sore that him smerte1 ,so that his sowle hir sowle folwen mighte1 ,ther-as the doom of ,mynos wolde it dighte2 ,sin love and cruel ,fortune it ne wolde1 ,that in this world he lenger liven sholde4 #aaij #aga4 ,thanne seyde he thus1 fulfild of heigh desdayn1 ',o cruel ,iove1 and thou1 ,fortune adverse1 ,this al and som1 that falsly have ye slayn ,criseyde1 and sin ye may do me no werse1 ,fy on your might and werkes so diverse6 #aaie ,thus cowardly ye shul me never winne2 ,ther shal no deeth me fro my lady twinne4 #agb4 ,for ,i this world1 sin ye han slayn hir thus1 ,wol lete1 and folowe hir spirit lowe or hye2 ,shal never lover seyn that ,troilus #abjj ,dar not1 for fere1 with his lady dye2 ,for certeyn1 ,i wol bere hir companye4 ,but sin ye wol not suffre us liven here1 ,yet suffreth that our soules ben y-fere4 #agc4 ,and thou1 citee1 whiche that ,i leve in wo1 #abje ,and thou1 ,pryam1 and bretheren al y-fere1 ,and thou1 my moder1 farewel6 for ,i go2 ,and ,attropos1 make redy thou my bere6 ,and thou1 ,criseyde1 o swete herte dere1 ,receyve now my spirit6' wolde he seye1 #abaj ,with swerd at herte1 al redy for to deye4 #agd4 ,but as god wolde1 of swough ther-with she abreyde1 ,and gan to syke1 and ',troilus' she cryde2 ,and he answerde1 'lady myn ,criseyde1 ,live ye yet8' and leet his swerd doun glyde4 #abae ',ye1 herte myn1 that thanked be ,cupyde6' ,quod she1 and ther-with-al she sore sighte2 ,and he bigan to glade hir as he mighte2 #age4 ,took hir in armes two1 and kiste hir ofte1 ,and hir to glade he dide al his entente2 #abbj ,for which hir goost1 that flikered ay on-lofte1 ,in-to hir woful herte ayein it wente4 ,but at the laste1 as that hir eyen glente ,a-syde1 anoon she gan his swerd aspye1 ,as it lay bare1 and gan for fere crye1 #abbe #agf4 ,and asked him1 why he it hadde out-drawe8 ,and ,troilus anoon the cause hir tolde1 ,and how himself ther-with he wolde have slawe4 ,for which ,criseyde up-on him gan biholde1 ,and gan him in hir armes faste folde1 #abcj ,and seyde1 ',o mercy1 god1 lo1 which a dede6 ,allas6 how neigh we were bothe dede6 #agg4 ,thanne if ,i ne hadde spoken1 as grace was1 ,ye wolde han slayn your-self anoon8' quod she4 ',ye1 douteless2' and she answerde1 'allas6 #abce ,for1 by that ilke lord that made me1 ,i nolde a forlong wey on-lyve han be1 ,after your deeth1 to han be crowned quene ,of al the lond the sonne on shyneth shene4 #agh4 ,but with this selve swerd1 which that here is1 #abdj ,my-selve ,i wolde have slayn6'--quod she tho2 ',but ho1 for we han right y-now of this1 ,and late us ryse and streight to bedde go2 ,and ther lat vs speken of our wo4 ,for1 by the morter which that ,i see brenne1 #abde ,knowe ,i ful wel that day is not fer henne4' #agi4 ,whan they were in hir bedde1 in armes folde1 ,nought was it lyk tho nightes here-biforn2 ,for pitously ech other gan biholde1 ,as they that hadden al hir blisse y-lorn1 #abej ,biwaylinge ay the day that they were born4 ,til at the last this sorwful wight ,criseyde ,to ,troilus these ilke wordes seyde3-- #ahj4 ',lo1 herte myn1 wel wot ye this1' quod she1 ',that if a wight alwey his wo compleyne1 #abee ,and seketh nought how holpen for to be1 ,it nis but folye and encrees of peyne2 ,and sin that here assembled be we tweyne ,to finde bote of wo that we ben inne1 ,it were al tyme sone to biginne4 #abfj #aha4 ,i am a womman1 as ful wel ye woot1 ,and as ,i am avysed sodeynly1 ,so wol ,i telle yow1 whyl it is hoot4 ,me thinketh thus1 that neither ye nor ,i ,oughte half this wo to make skilfully4 #abfe ,for there is art y-now for to redresse ,that yet is mis1 and sleen this hevinesse4 #ahb4 ,sooth is1 the wo1 the whiche that we ben inne1 ,for ought ,i woot1 for no-thing elles is ,but for the cause that we sholden twinne4 #abgj ,considered al1 ther nis no-more amis4 ,but what is thanne a remede un-to this1 ,but that we shape us sone for to mete8 ,this al and som1 my dere herte swete4 #ahc4 ,now that ,i shal wel bringen it aboute #abge ,to come ayein1 sone after that ,i go1 ,ther-of am ,i no maner thing in doute4 ,for dredeles1 with-inne a wouke or two1 ,i shal ben here2 and1 that it may be so ,by alle right1 and in a wordes fewe1 #abhj ,i shal yow wel an heep of weyes shewe4 #ahd4 ,for which ,i wol not make long sermoun1 ,for tyme y-lost may not recovered be2 ,but ,i wol gon to my conclusioun1 ,and to the beste1 in ought that ,i can see4 #abhe ,and1 for the love of god1 for-yeve it me ,if ,i speke ought ayein your hertes reste2 ,for trewely1 ,i speke it for the beste2 #ahe4 ,makinge alwey a protestacioun1 ,that now these wordes1 whiche that ,i shal seye1 #abij ,nis but to shewe yow my mocioun1 ,to finde un-to our helpe the beste weye2 ,and taketh it non other wyse1 ,i preye4 ,for in effect what-so ye me comaunde1 ,that wol ,i doon1 for that is no demaunde4 #abie #ahf4 ,now herkeneth this1 ye han wel understonde1 ,my goinge graunted is by parlement ,so ferforth1 that it may not be with-stonde ,for al this world1 as by my ,iugement4 ,and sin ther helpeth noon avysement #acjj ,to letten it1 lat it passe out of minde2 ,and lat us shape a bettre wey to finde4 #ahg4 ,the sothe is1 that the twinninge of us tweyne ,wol us disese and cruelliche anoye4 ,but him bihoveth som-tyme han a peyne1 #acje ,that serveth love1 if that he wol have ,ioye4 ,and sin ,i shal no ferthere out of ,troye ,than ,i may ryde ayein on half a morwe1 ,it oughte lasse causen us to sorwe4 #ahh4 ,so as ,i shal not so ben hid in muwe1 #acaj ,that day by day1 myn owene herte dere1 ,sin wel ye woot that it is now a truwe1 ,ye shul ful wel al myn estat y-here4 ,and er that truwe is doon1 ,i shal ben here1 ,and thanne have ye bothe ,antenor y-wonne #acae ,and me also2 beth glad now1 if ye conne2 #ahi4 ,and thenk right thus1 ,criseyde is now agoon1 ,but what6 she shal come hastely ayeyn2 ,and whanne1 allas8 by god1 lo1 right anoon1 ,er dayes ten1 this dar ,i saufly seyn4 #acbj ,and thanne at erste shul we been so fayn1 ,so as we shulle to-gederes ever dwelle1 ,thal al this world ne mighte our blisse telle4 #aij4 ,i see that ofte1 ther-as we ben now1 ,that for the beste1 our conseil for to hyde1 #acbe ,ye speke not with me1 nor ,i with yow ,in fourtenight2 ne see yow go ne ryde4 ,may ye not ten dayes thanne abyde1 ,for myn honour1 in swich an aventure8 ,y-wis1 ye mowen elles lite endure6 #accj #aia4 ,ye knowe eek how that al my kin is here1 ,but-if that onliche it my fader be2 ,and eek myn othere thinges alle y-fere1 ,and nameliche1 my dere herte1 ye1 ,whom that ,i nolde leven for to see #acce ,for al this world1 as wyd as it hath space2 ,or elles1 see ich never ,ioves face6 #aib4 ,why trowe ye my fader in this wyse ,coveiteth so to see me1 but for drede ,lest in this toun that folkes me dispyse #acdj ,by-cause of him1 for his unhappy dede8 ,what woot my fader what lyf that ,i lede8 ,for if he wiste in ,troye how wel ,i fare1 ,us neded for my wending nought to care4 #aic4 ,ye seen that every day eek1 more and more1 #acde ,men trete of pees2 and it supposed is1 ,that men the quene ,eleyne shal restore1 ,and ,grekes us restore that is mis4 ,so though ther nere comfort noon but this1 ,that men purposen pees on every syde1 #acej ,ye may the bettre at ese of herte abyde4 #aid4 ,for if that it be pees1 myn herte dere1 ,the nature of the pees mot nedes dryve ,that men moste entrecomunen y-fere1 ,and to and fro eek ryde and gon as blyve #acee ,alday as thikke as been flen from an hyve2 ,and every wight han libertee to bleve ,wher-as him list the bet1 with-outen leve4 #aie4 ,and though so be that pees ther may be noon1 ,yet hider1 though ther never pees ne were1 #acfj ,i moste come2 for whider sholde ,i goon1 ,or how mischaunce sholde ,i dwelle there ,among tho men of armes ever in fere8 ,for which1 as wisly god my soule rede1 ,i can not seen wher-of ye sholden drede4 #acfe #aif4 ,have here another wey1 if it so be ,that al this thing ne may yow not suffyse4 ,my fader1 as ye knowen wel1 pardee1 ,is old1 and elde is ful of coveityse4 ,and ,i right now have founden al the gyse1 #acgj ,with-oute net1 wher-with ,i shal him hente2 ,and herkeneth how1 if that ye wole assente4 #aig4 ,lo1 ,troilus1 men seyn that hard it is ,the wolf ful1 and the wether hool to have2 ,this is to seyn1 that men ful ofte1 y-wis1 #acge ,mot spenden part1 the remenaunt for to save4 ,for ay with gold men may the herte grave ,of him that set is up-on coveityse2 ,and how ,i mene1 ,i shal it yow devyse4 #aih4 ,the moeble which that ,i have in this toun #achj ,un-to my fader shal ,i take1 and seye1 ,that right for trust and for savacioun ,it sent is from a freend of his or tweye1 ,the whiche freendes ferventliche him preye ,to senden after more1 and that in hye1 #ache ,whyl that this toun stant thus in ,iupartye4 #aii4 ,and that shal been an huge quantitee1 ,thus shal ,i seyn1 but1 lest it folk aspyde1 ,this may be sent by no wight but by me2 ,i shal eek shewen him1 if pees bityde1 #acij ,what frendes that ich have on every syde ,toward the court1 to doon the wrathe pace ,of ,priamus1 and doon him stonde in grace4 #bjj4 ,so1 what for o thing and for other1 swete1 ,i shal him so enchaunten with my sawes1 #acie ,that right in hevene his sowle is1 shal he mete6 ,for al ,appollo1 or his clerkes lawes1 ,or calculinge avayleth nought three hawes2 ,desyr of gold shal so his sowle blende1 ,that1 as me lyst1 ,i shal wel make an ende4 #adjj #bja4 ,and if he wolde ought by his sort it preve ,if that ,i lye1 in certayn ,i shal fonde ,distorben him1 and plukke him by the sleve1 ,makinge his sort1 and beren him on honde1 ,he hath not wel the goddes understonde4 #adje ,for goddes speken in amphibologyes1 ,and1 for a sooth1 they tellen twenty lyes4 #bjb4 ,eek drede fond first goddes1 ,i suppose1 ,thus shal ,i seyn1 and that his cowarde herte ,made him amis the goddes text to glose1 #adaj ,whan he for ferde out of his ,delphos sterte4 ,and but ,i make him sone to converte1 ,and doon my reed with-inne a day or tweye1 ,i wol to yow oblige me to deye4' #bjc4 ,and treweliche1 as writen wel ,i finde1 #adae ,that al this thing was seyd of good entente2 ,and that hir herte trewe was and kinde ,towardes him1 and spak right as she mente1 ,and that she starf for wo neigh1 whan she wente1 ,and was in purpos ever to be trewe2 #adbj ,thus writen they that of hir werkes knewe4 #bjd4 ,this ,troilus1 with herte and eres spradde1 ,herde al this thing devysen to and fro2 ,and verraylich him semed that he hadde ,the selve wit2 but yet to lete hir go #adbe ,his herte misforyaf him ever-mo4 ,but fynally1 he gan his herte wreste ,to trusten hir1 and took it for the beste4 #bje4 ,for which the grete furie of his penaunce ,was queynt with hope1 and ther-with hem bitwene #adcj ,bigan for ,ioye the amorouse daunce4 ,and as the briddes1 whan the sonne is shene1 ,delyten in hir song in leves grene1 ,right so the wordes that they spake y-fere ,delyted hem1 and made hir hertes clere4 #adce #bjf4 ,but natheles1 the wending of ,criseyde1 ,for al this world1 may nought out of his minde2 ,for which ful ofte he pitously hir preyde1 ,that of hir heste he might hir trewe finde4 ,and seyde hir1 'certes1 if ye be unkinde1 #addj ,and but ye come at day set in-to ,troye1 ,ne shal ,i never have hele1 honour1 ne ,ioye4 #bjg4 ,for al-so sooth as sonne up-rist on morwe1 ,and1 god6 so wisly thou me1 woful wrecche1 ,to reste bringe out of this cruel sorwe1 #adde ,i wol my-selven slee if that ye drecche4 ,but of my deeth though litel be to recche1 ,yet1 er that ye me cause so to smerte1 ,dwel rather here1 myn owene swete herte6 #bjh4 ,for trewely1 myn owene lady dere1 #adej ,tho sleightes yet that ,i have herd yow stere ,ful shaply been to failen alle y-fere4 ,for thus men seyn1 that oon thenketh the bere1 ,but al another thenketh his ledere4 ,your sire is wys1 and seyd is1 out of drede1 #adee ,men may the wyse at-renne1 and not at-rede4 #bji4 ,it is ful hard to halten unespyed ,bifore a crepul1 for he can the craft2 ,your fader is in sleighte as ,argus yd2 ,for al be that his moeble is him biraft1 #adfj ,his olde sleighte is yet so with him laft1 ,ye shal not blende him for your womanhede1 ,ne feyne a-right1 and that is al my drede4 #baj4 ,i noot if pees shal ever-mo bityde2 ,but1 pees or no1 for ernest ne for game1 #adfe ,i woot1 sin ,calkas on the ,grekes syde ,hath ones been1 and lost so foule his name1 ,he dar no more come here ayein for shame2 ,for which that weye1 for ought ,i can espye1 ,to trusten on1 nis but a fantasye4 #adgj #baa4 ,ye shal eek seen1 your fader shal yow glose ,to been a wyf1 and as he can wel preche1 ,he shal som ,grek so preyse and wel alose1 ,that ravisshen he shal yow with his speche1 ,or do yow doon by force as he shal teche4 #adge ,and ,troilus1 of whom ye nil han routhe1 ,shal causeles so sterven in his trouthe6 #bab4 ,and over al this1 your fader shal despyse ,us alle1 and seyn this citee nis but lorn2 ,and that thassege never shal aryse1 #adhj ,for-why the ,grekes han it alle sworn ,til we be slayn1 and doun our walles torn4 ,and thus he shal you with his wordes fere1 ,that ay drede ,i1 that ye wol bleve there4 #bac4 ,ye shul eek seen so many a lusty knight #adhe ,a-mong the ,grekes1 ful of worthinesse1 ,and eche of hem with herte1 wit1 and might ,to plesen yow don al his besinesse1 ,that ye shul dullen of the rudenesse ,of us sely ,troianes1 but-if routhe #adij ,remorde yow1 or vertue of your trouthe4 #bad4 ,and this to me so grevous is to thinke1 ,that fro my brest it wol my soule rende2 ,ne dredeles1 in me ther may not sinke ,a good opinioun1 if that ye wende2 #adie ,for-why your faderes sleighte wol us shende4 ,and if ye goon1 as ,i have told yow yore1 ,so thenk ,i nam but deed1 with-oute more4 #bae4 ,for which1 with humble1 trewe1 and pitous herte1 ,a thousand tymes mercy ,i yow preye2 #aejj ,so reweth on myn aspre peynes smerte1 ,and doth somwhat1 as that ,i shal yow seye1 ,and lat us stele away bitwixe us tweye2 ,and thenk that folye is1 whan man may chese1 ,for accident his substaunce ay to lese4 #aeje #baf4 ,i mene this1 that sin we mowe er day ,wel stele away1 and been to-gider so1 ,what wit were it to putten in assay1 ,in cas ye sholden to your fader go1 ,if that ye mighte come ayein or no8 #aeaj ,thus mene ,i1 that it were a gret folye ,to putte that sikernesse in ,iupartye4 #bag4 ,and vulgarly to speken of substaunce ,of tresour1 may we bothe with us lede ,y-nough to live in honour and plesaunce1 #aeae ,til in-to tyme that we shul ben dede2 ,and thus we may eschewen al this drede4 ,for everich other wey ye can recorde1 ,myn herte1 y-wis1 may not ther-with acorde4 #bah4 ,and hardily1 ne dredeth no poverte1 #aebj ,for ,i have kin and freendes elles-where ,that1 though we comen in our bare sherte1 ,us sholde neither lakke gold ne gere1 ,but been honoured whyl we dwelten there4 ,and go we anoon1 for1 as in myn entente1 #aebe ,this is the beste1 if that ye wole assente4' #bai4 ,criseyde1 with a syk1 right in this wyse ,answerde1 'y-wis1 my dere herte trewe1 ,we may wel stele away1 as ye devyse1 ,and finde swiche unthrifty weyes newe2 #aecj ,but afterward1 ful sore it wol us rewe4 ,and help me god so at my moste nede ,as causeles ye suffren al this drede6 #bbj4 ,for thilke day that ,i for cherisshinge ,or drede of fader1 or of other wight1 #aece ,or for estat1 delyt1 or for weddinge ,be fals to yow1 my ,troilus1 my knight1 ,saturnes doughter1 ,iuno1 thorugh hir might1 ,as wood as ,athamante do me dwelle ,eternaly in ,stix1 the put of helle6 #aedj #bba4 ,and this on every god celestial ,i swere it yow1 and eek on eche goddesse1 ,on every ,nymphe and deite infernal1 ,on ,satiry and ,fauny more and lesse1 ,that halve goddes been of wildernesse2 #aede ,and ,attropos my threed of lyf to-breste ,if ,i be fals2 now trowe me if thow leste6 #bbb4 ,and thou1 ,simoys1 that as an arwe clere ,thorugh ,troye rennest ay downward to the see1 ,ber witnesse of this word that seyd is here1 #aeej ,that thilke day that ich untrewe be ,to ,troilus1 myn owene herte free1 ,that thou retorne bakwarde to thy welle1 ,and ,i with body and soule sinke in helle6 #bbc4 ,but that ye speke1 awey thus for to go #aeee ,and leten alle your freendes1 god for-bede1 ,for any womman1 that ye sholden so1 ,and namely1 sin ,troye hath now swich nede ,of help2 and eek of o thing taketh hede1 ,if this were wist1 my lif laye in balaunce1 #aefj ,and your honour2 god shilde us fro mischaunce6 #bbd4 ,and if so be that pees her-after take1 ,as alday happeth1 after anger1 game1 ,why1 lord6 the sorwe and wo ye wolden make1 ,that ye ne dorste come ayein for shame6 #aefe ,and er that ye ,iuparten so your name1 ,beth nought to hasty in this hote fare2 ,for hasty man ne wanteth never care4 #bbe4 ,what trowe ye the peple eek al aboute ,wolde of it seye8 ,it is ful light to arede4 #aegj ,they wolden seye1 and swere it1 out of doute1 ,that love ne droof yow nought to doon this dede1 ,but lust voluptuous and coward drede4 ,thus were al lost1 y-wis1 myn herte dere1 ,your honour1 which that now shyneth so clere4 #aege #bbf4 ,and also thenketh on myn honestee1 ,that floureth yet1 how foule ,i sholde it shende1 ,and with what filthe it spotted sholde be1 ,if in this forme ,i sholde with yow wende4 ,ne though ,i livede un-to the worldes ende1 #aehj ,my name sholde ,i never ayeinward winne2 ,thus were ,i lost1 and that were routhe and sinne4 #bbg4 ,and for-thy slee with reson al this hete2 ,men seyn1 the suffraunt overcometh1 pardee2 ,eek who-so wol han leef1 he leef mot lete2 #aehe ,thus maketh vertue of necessitee ,by pacience1 and thenk that lord is he ,of fortune ay1 that nought wol of hir recche2 ,and she ne daunteth no wight but a wrecche4 #bbh4 ,and trusteth this1 that certes1 herte swete1 #aeij ,er ,phebus suster1 ,lucina the shene1 ,the ,leoun passe out of this ,ariete1 ,i wol ben here1 with-outen any wene4 ,i mene1 as helpe me ,iuno1 hevenes quene1 ,the tenthe day1 but-if that deeth me assayle1 #aeie ,i wol yow seen1 with-outen any fayle4' #bbi4 ',and now1 so this be sooth1' quod ,troilus1 ',i shal wel suffre un-to the tenthe day1 ,sin that ,i see that nede it moot be thus4 ,but1 for the love of god1 if it be may1 #afjj ,so lat us stele prively away2 ,for ever in oon1 as for to live in reste1 ,myn herte seyth that it wol been the beste4' #bcj4 ',o mercy1 god1 what lyf is this8' quod she2 ',allas1 ye slee me thus for verray tene6 #afje ,i see wel now that ye mistrusten me2 ,for by your wordes it is wel y-sene4 ,now1 for the love of ,cynthia the shene1 ,mistrust me not thus causeles1 for routhe2 ,sin to be trewe ,i have yow plight my trouthe4 #afaj #bca4 ,and thenketh wel1 that som tyme it is wit ,to spende a tyme1 a tyme for to winne2 ,ne1 pardee1 lorn am ,i nought fro yow yit1 ,though that we been a day or two a-twinne4 ,dryf out the fantasyes yow with-inne2 #afae ,and trusteth me1 and leveth eek your sorwe1 ,or here my trouthe1 ,i wol not live til morwe4 #bcb4 ,for if ye wiste how sore it doth me smerte1 ,ye wolde cesse of this2 for god1 thou wost1 ,the pure spirit wepeth in myn herte1 #afbj ,to see yow wepen that ,i love most1 ,and that ,i moot gon to the ,grekes ost4 ,ye1 nere it that ,i wiste remedye ,to come ayein1 right here ,i wolde dye6 #bcc4 ,but certes1 ,i am not so nyce a wight #afbe ,that ,i ne can imaginen a way ,to come ayein that day that ,i have hight4 ,for who may holde thing that wol a-way8 ,my fader nought1 for al his queynte pley4 ,and by my thrift1 my wending out of ,troye #afcj ,another day shal torne us alle to ,ioye4 #bcd4 ,for-thy1 with al myn herte ,i yow beseke1 ,if that yow list don ought for my preyere1 ,and for the love which that ,i love yow eke1 ,that er that ,i departe fro yow here1 #afce ,that of so good a comfort and a chere ,i may you seen1 that ye may bringe at reste ,myn herte1 which that is at point to breste4 #bce4 ,and over al this1 ,i pray yow1' quod she tho1 ',myn owene hertes soothfast suffisaunce1 #afdj ,sin ,i am thyn al hool1 with-outen mo1 ,that whyl that ,i am absent1 no plesaunce ,of othere do me fro your remembraunce4 ,for ,i am ever a-gast1 for-why men rede1 ,that love is thing ay ful of bisy drede4 #afde #bcf4 ,for in this world ther liveth lady noon1 ,if that ye were untrewe1 as god defende6 ,that so bitraysed were or wo bigoon ,as ,i1 that alle trouthe in yow entende4 ,and douteles1 if that ich other wende1 #afej ,i nere but deed2 and er ye cause finde1 ,for goddes love1 so beth me not unkinde4' #bcg4 ,to this answerde ,troilus and seyde1 ',now god1 to whom ther nis no cause y-wrye1 ,me glade1 as wis ,i never un-to ,criseyde1 #afee ,sin thilke day ,i saw hir first with y1 ,was fals1 ne never shal til that ,i dye4 ,at shorte wordes1 wel ye may me leve2 ,i can no more1 it shal be founde at preve4' #bch4 ',graunt mercy1 goode myn1 y-wis1' quod she1 #affj ',and blisful ,venus lat me never sterve ,er ,i may stonde of plesaunce in degree ,to quyte him wel1 that so wel can deserve2 ,and whyl that god my wit wol me conserve1 ,i shal so doon1 so trewe ,i have yow founde1 #affe ,that ay honour to me-ward shal rebounde4 #bci4 ,for trusteth wel1 that your estat royal ,ne veyn delyt1 nor only worthinesse ,of yow in werre1 or torney marcial1 ,ne pompe1 array1 nobley1 or eek richesse1 #afgj ,ne made me to rewe on your distresse2 ,but moral vertue1 grounded upon trouthe1 ,that was the cause ,i first hadde on yow routhe6 #bdj4 ,eek gentil herte and manhod that ye hadde1 ,and that ye hadde1 as me thoughte1 in despyt #afge ,every thing that souned in-to badde1 ,as rudenesse and poeplish appetyt2 ,and that your reson brydled your delyt1 ,this made1 aboven every creature1 ,that ,i was your1 and shal1 whyl ,i may dure4 #afhj #bda4 ,and this may lengthe of yeres not for-do1 ,ne remuable fortune deface2 ,but ,iuppiter1 that of his might may do ,the sorwful to be glad1 so yeve us grace1 ,er nightes ten1 to meten in this place1 #afhe ,so that it may your herte and myn suffyse2 ,and fareth now wel1 for tyme is that ye ryse4' #bdb4 ,and after that they longe y-pleyned hadde1 ,and ofte y-kist and streite in armes folde1 ,the day gan ryse1 and ,troilus him cladde1 #afij ,and rewfulliche his lady gan biholde1 ,as he that felte dethes cares colde4 ,and to hir grace he gan him recomaunde2 ,wher him was wo1 this holde ,i no demaunde4 #bdc4 ,for mannes heed imaginen ne can1 #afie ,ne entendement considere1 ne tonge telle ,the cruel peynes of this sorwful man1 ,that passen every torment doun in helle4 ,for whan he saugh that she ne mighte dwelle1 ,which that his soule out of his herte rente1 #agjj ,with-outen more1 out of the chaumbre he wente4 ,explicit ,liber ,quartus4 ,,title4 ,not in the ,,mss4 _/_/ ,c4 has lost ll4 #a-aab4 #d4 ,cl4 kane4 #f1 #aa4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 whiel2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 whele4 #g4 ,cl4 here2 rest him4 #ab4 ,cl4 rytht4 #ba4 ,cl4 vilonye2 ,h4 vilenye2 rest vilanye4 #bb4 ,all herynes4 _/_/ ,cl4 nyghttes4 #bc4 ,cl4 compleynes2 ,h4 compleynen2 ,cp4 compleignen4 #bd4 ,ed4 ,allecto2 ,tesiphonee4 #be4 ,cp4 ,h4 to2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 of4 #bg4 ,h4 los2 ,cl4 losse4 ,,colophon4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 wrongly have ,explicit liber ,tercius2 read prohemium4 #cj4 ,cl4 ,grekys4 #ca4 ,cl4 whanne4 #cb4 ,h4 herculis4 #cc4 ,h4 ,cp4 ful2 rest om4 #ce4 ,cl4 woned4 #dj4 ,cl4 on2 rest in4 #da4 ,cl4 lenge2 rest lenger4 #dc4 sharpe ,cl4 faste4 #dd4 ,cl4 fele4 #dg4 ,cl4 last2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 laste4 #ea4 ,ed4 ,polymydas4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,monesteo2 ,h#b4 ,penestio4 #eb4 ,ed4 ,xantyppe2 ,h#b4 ,sartip4 _/_/ ,ed4 ,palestynor4 #ec4 ,h#b4 ,riphio2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,rupheo4 #eg4 ,cp4 ,h4 a ,grek2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 at ,grekes2 read at ,greek4 #ei4 ,ed4 moste2 ,cp4 meste2 rest most4 #fj4 ,cl4 yeue2 ,cp4 ,ed4 yeuen4 #fg4 ,cl4 woned4 #fi4 ,cl4 don hym2 rest om4 hym4 #ge4 ,cl4 told2 ,cp4 ,h4 tolde4 #gf4 ,cl4 dredles2 ,cp4 ,h4 dredeles4 #gh4 ,cl4 for 7for #bnd in74 #gi4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 tacheue4 #ha4 ,h4 leue 7glossed i4 credo74 #hb4 ,cl4 weres2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 weren4 _/_/ ,h4 leue 7gl4 i4 cari74 #hf4 ,ed4 regarde2 rest resport 7see l4 #hej74 #hi4 ,cl4 losse2 dishese4 #ij4 ,cl4 -saf2 ,cp4 ,h4 -sauf4 #id4 ,cp4 and 7for #bnd ,o74 _/_/ ,cl4 cruwel4 #ii4 ,cl4 ,h4 say2 rest sawe4 #aja4 ,cl4 yif4 _/_/ ,h4 ,h#b4 om4 that4 #ajc4 ,cp4 amonges2 rest among 7amonge74 #aje4 through ,cl4 for4 #ajf4 ,cl4 preson2 ,h4 prisoun4 #ajg4 ,cl4 wille4 #ajh4 ,cl4 chyd 7sic74 #aaj4 ,cl4 ,on2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,oon4 #aae4 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,ed4 it2 rest om4 #aag4 ,and ,cl4 ,i4 #aah4 ,cm4 fer2 ,h#b4 fere4 #aai4 ,cl4 in2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 to2 ,h#b4 in-to4 #abj4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 ,neptunus2 ,h4 neptimus2 ,cl4 ,neptainus2 ,cm4 ,natyinus4 #aba4 ,cp4 ,ed4 makeden2 ,h4 makkeden2 rest maden4 #abd4 ,ed4 ,lamedoun4 #abe1 #f4 ,cm4 here1 fere4 #abi4 ,cl4 terys2 twye4 #aca4 ,cl4 by-seche4 #acb4 ,cl4 helen4 #acc4 ,cp4 yaue2 ,cl4 ,cm4 yaf2 ,ed4 gaue4 #acd4 ,cl4 y-nowh4 #ach4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,cm4 bryngen2 ,h4 brynge2 ,cl4 bryng4 _/_/ ,h4 hom2 ,cl4 ,cm4 hem2 rest home4 _/_/ ,h4 ,tooas2 ,ed4 ,thoas4 #aci4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 -garde2 ,cl4 -gard4 _/_/ ,cm4 ,h#b4 his saf cundwyt hem sente4 #adj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,thembassadours2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 ,the ambassiatours 7see l4 #ade74 #aee4 ,cl4 angwyssh4 #afc4 ,cl4 gon2 rest go4 #afe4 ,h4 ,cm4 ne2 rest om4 #afg4 ,cl4 blowe2 rest y-blowe4 #afh4 ,cl4 bothere2 ,ed4 bother2 ,cp4 brother 7672 ,h#b4 bothe2 ,cm4 botheis2 ,h4 eyther4 #agc4 ,cl4 whanne4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 hadde2 rest had4 #age4 ,cp4 ,h4 agheyn2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ayen4 #agf4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,grekes2 rest ,grekis4 #agh4 ,cl4 answerede2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 answerde4 #agi4 ,cl4 ,cm4 presoner4 #ahj4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 om4 that4 #ahc1 #e4 ,cl4 onys1 nonys4 #ahd4 ,cl4 in2 ,h#b4 a2 rest on4 #ahf4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 sholden2 ,cl4 sholde4 #aia4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 to2 ,h4 tolk 7for to folk72 rest of4 #aib4 ,cl4 stown 7674 #aih4 ,cl4 liten 7674 _/_/ ,cl4 weten2 ,h4 ,cp4 witen2 ,ed4 wenen2 ,h#b4 know4 #bja4 ,cl4 here an2 rest om4 an4 #bjd4 ,cl4 after he was4 #bje4 ,ed4 quytte2 ,h#b4 quytt2 ,h4 ,cp4 quite2 ,cl4 ,cm4 quyt4 #bjf4 ,cl4 discressioun4 #bjg4 ,cl4 ,cm4 dede4 #baj4 ,cl4 seyden2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 seyde2 ,ed4 sayd2 ,h#b4 saide4 _/_/ ,ed4 heere2 rest here4 _/_/ ,cm4 hounne2 rest howne 7hown74 #baa4 ,cl4 was delibered4 #bac4 ,cl4 pronuncede2 precident4 #bad4 ,cl4 ,al they2 preyede4 #bbj4 ,cl4 ,cm4 spede2 rest spedde4 #bbc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 slepen2 ,cl4 slepe4 #bbi4 ,cl4 ,i-bounde4 #bcf4 ,cl4 hepede2 ,h4 heped4 #bcg4 ,cl4 -brest2 ,cp4 ,cm4 -breste2 ,h4 -brast4 _/_/ ,cl4 werkyn4 #bdb4 ,cl4 ,righ4 #bdc4 ,cl4 ,cm4 festes2 rest fistes4 #bde4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 seluen2 ,cl4 self4 #beb4 ,,mss4 ,schop1 ,shope4 #beg4 ,cl4 terys4 #bfj4 ,cl4 ,thanne2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,than4 #bgj4 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,ed4 now the2 ,cl4 ,h4 the now4 #bgg4 ,cl4 on 7for or74 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 deye2 ,cp4 ,h4 dye4 #bhb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 whider2 ,cl4 ,cm4 wheder4 #bhf4 ,h4 gerful2 ,ed4 gierful2 ,cl4 greful2 ,cm4 gery2 ,cp4 serful7674 #bid4 ,cl4 repeles7674 #bie4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 schal ,i2 rest ,i may4 #bif4 ,cl4 cruwel2 ,cm4 crewel4 #bih4 ,cl4 ,allas2 rest ,allone4 #cjb4 ,cp4 ,ed4 wery2 ,cm4 werray2 rest verray4 #cje4 ,h4 vnneste 7glossed i4 go out of thi nest74 _/_/ ,ed4 woful neste 7wrongly74 #cji4 ,cl4 desport4 #caj4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 brighte2 rest bright 7but ,cm4 varies74 #cab4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,stonden2 ,cm4 ,stondyn2 ,ed4 ,stonden2 ,cl4 ,stondeth4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 sighte2 ,cl4 sight4 #cac4 ,cp4 ,h4 lighte2 ,cl4 lyght4 #cad4 ,cl4 tweyne2 ,cp4 ,h4 tweye4 #cag4 ,h#b4 thilke2 ,cm4 ye ilke2 rest this4 #cah4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 the2 ,ed4 thy2 rest my4 #cbj4 ,cl4 vn-to yow so4 #cbc4 ,h4 heighe2 ,cp4 heigh2 ,cl4 heyhe4 #cbg4 ,cl4 whanne2 be4 #ccj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 myslyued2 ,h#b4 mysleuyd2 ,cl4 ,cm4 mysbyleued4 #ccf4 ,cl4 where as2 rest om4 as4 #cci4 ,cl4 ,meddles2 rest ,medled 7,medlid74 #cde4 ,cl4 ,burgeys lord4 #cej4 ,cp4 ,h4 rees2 ,cl4 ,cm4 res2 ,ed4 race4 #ceb4 ,cp4 ,h4 vndid2 ,cl4 vndede4 #ced4 ,cl4 as ony2 rest om4 ony4 #cef4 ,cm4 nyste2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 nyst2 see #cdi4 #cfb4 ,cl4 colde4 #cfd4 ,cp4 ,h4 slough4 #cfg4 ,h4 ,cp4 ayein2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ayen2 ,ed4 ayenst4 #cfh4 ,cl4 wyych4 #cgj4 ,cp4 ,h4 thise2 ,cl4 this4 #cgi4 ,ed4 deed2 ,h4 ,cm4 ded2 ,cl4 ,cp4 dede4 #chj4 ,cl4 answerede4 #chg4 ,cl4 ,als2 rest ,as4 #cib4 ,cl4 ,cm4 his2 rest hire 7her74 #cih4 ,all eye 7ey74 #djb4 ,cm4 sweche2 ,ed4 ,h#b4 suche2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 swych4 #dje4 ,cm4 owene2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 owen2 ,ed4 owne4 #djh4 ,cl4 om4 in4 #dac4 ,cl4 ,cm4 of2 rest for4 #dad4 ,cl4 ,h4 zauzis2 rest zanzis4 #dae4 ,cp4 ,h4 chaceth2 ,cl4 cacheth4 #dag4 ,cl4 thow art2 ,cp4 artow2 ,h4 ertow2 ,cm4 or thow2 rest art thou4 #dbc4 ,cl4 ellys4 #dbd4 ,cl4 al4 #dbf4 ,h4 ,tabrigge2 ,cp4 ,tabregge2 ,cm4 ,to abregge4 #dcj4 ,cl4 ,cm4 sorwe2 rest wo4 #dca4 ,cm4 roughte2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 rought4 _/_/ ,cl4 vnthryf2 om4 that4 #dcd4 ,cp4 at oothir2 ,h4 attother4 #dce4 ,cl4 he answered4 _/_/ ,cl4 seyde 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,cp4 pitie felt2 ,h4 pite hadde2 ,cl4 felte pyte4 #hbg4 ,cp4 ,h4 pleynte2 ,cl4 pleynt4 #hcb4 ,cl4 -ferst2 brough 7674 #hcc4 swich ,cl4 this4 #hcd4 ,cl4 thanne4 _/_/ or ,cl4 er4 #hce4 ,cm4 euery2 rest alle4 _/_/ ,cl4 thenketh4 #hcg4 ,cl4 who that4 #hci4 ,cl4 accurse2 ,cp4 ,h4 a-corse4 #hdj4 wikke ,cl4 wo4 #hda4 ,cl4 onys4 #hdb4 ,cp4 ,h4 pleynte2 ,cl4 pleynt4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,ed4 wo and2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 om4 and4 #hde4 ,cl4 sikenesse2 ,h4 sekenesse2 ,cp4 siknesse4 #hdf4 ,cl4 teris4 #hdg4 ,cl4 cruwel4 #hej4 ,cp4 ,cl4 ,ed4 resport 7see l4 #hf72 ,h4 reporte2 ,cm4 report2 ,h#b4 desporte4 #hea4 ,cl4 om4 allas4 #heb4 ,cl4 ,lef2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,leef2 ,cm4 ,leue4 _/_/ werk ,cl4 wek4 _/_/ ,cm4 tak2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 take4 #heh4 wol ,cl4 wold4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 herte4 #hfj4 ,cl4 ye 7for he74 _/_/ ,cl4 terys4 #hfd4 ,cl4 a2 ,h4 to2 rest of4 #hgj4 ,h#b4 ,betrent4 _/_/ ,h4 toknynge2 ,cl4 tokenynge4 #hgb4 ,cl4 ,h4 myght2 ,cp4 ,cm4 myghte4 #hgc4 ,cl4 terys2 hise4 #hge4 ,cp4 ,h4 thise2 ,cl4 this4 #hhb4 ,cl4 awey4 #hhg4 ,cl4 ,it2 rest ,and4 #hia4 can ,cl4 may4 #hic4 ,cl4 ,may as2 rest om4 as4 #hid4 ,cl4 an answere2 rest om4 an4 #hif4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 leue2 ,ed4 leaue2 ,cm4 leuyth2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,lef4 #hig4 ,cp4 ,h4 sighte2 ,cl4 ,ed4 sighed2 ,cm4 syghynge4 #hih4 ,cl4 felt2 rest feleth4 _/_/ ,cl4 sharpe2 ,cp4 ,h4 sharp4 #hii4 ,cp4 ,h4 muchel2 ,cl4 muche4 #ijj4 ,cl4 loueth4 #ijc4 ,cp4 ,cm4 sorwe2 ,cl4 ,h4 sorw4 #iji4 ,cl4 ,and2 rest ,but4 _/_/ ,cl4 treteth4 #iaj4 ,cl4 the2 rest that4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,h#b4 he beteth2 ,cm4 ,ed4 om4 he4 #iaa4 ,cl4 ,this4 #iad4 ,cl4 ye wel4 #iag4 ,cl4 ,cm4 wod4 #iai4 ,cl4 wend4 #ibd4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 lef2 ,h#b4 leue2 ,ed4 leaue4 #ibe4 ,cl4 shappeth4 _/_/ ,h4 tabrigge4 #ibg4 ,cl4 ,buth2 ,cm4 ,be2 rest ,beth4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 cause4 _/_/ flat ,ed4 plat4 #icj4 ,cl4 drenche2 ,cm4 drenk2 rest dreynte4 #icb4 hider ,cl4 here4 #icd4 ,cl4 shappeth4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 this2 rest your4 #icg4 ,cl4 puts now after sen4 #idd4 this ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 his4 _/_/ ,h4 soor2 ,cl4 ,cm4 sor4 #idh4 ,cl4 rowhte4 #idi4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 pitouse2 ,cl4 petouse4 #iec-ajgh4 ,cm4 omits4 #ieg4 ,read loren 7,legend1 #ajdh72 ,,mss4 lorn4 #iff4 ,cl4 come2 rest comen4 #ifh4 ,cl4 clerkes grete4 #ifi4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 argumentes2 ,cl4 ,h4 argumentz4 #igd4 som ,cl4 so4 #ige4 ,ne ,cl4 ,and4 #igf4 ,cl4 falle2 rest fallen4 _/_/ ,h#b4 ,ed4 though2 ,cl4 they2 ,cp4 ,h4 theigh4 #igg4 ,cl4 seighen2 ,ed4 sene2 rest seyn4 #igh4 ,in ,h41 he is glossed i4 deus4 #ihd4 ,all feled 7felid72 read fel'd4 #ihi4 ,cl4 stedefast4 #iid4 ,cl4 corsed wykkednesse4 #iih4 ,cl4 seyghen2 ,ed4 sene2 rest seyn4 #ajaa4 ,cl4 wheyther4 #ajaf4 ,cp4 ,h4 nenforce4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h4 nat2 ,cl4 nought2 rest not4 #ajai4 ,cl4 byforn2 ,h4 ,cp4 bifor2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 before2 read biforen4 #ajba4 ,cp4 ,ed4 necessaire2 rest necessarie4 #ajbf4 ,cl4 coniestest4 #ajbi4 ,cl4 nowe herkene4 #ajce4 ,cl4 om4 in thee 7rest in the74 #ajcf4 ,cl4 ,ter mot4 #ajch4 ,all give too long a line3 ,that thyn opinion of his sitting soth is4 #ajci4 sit ,ed4 sate4 #ajde4 ,cl4 make4 #ajdh4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 which4 #ajeb4 ,cl4 it is2 rest is it4 #ajec4 ,cl4 ,nough2 rest ,nat 7,not74 #ajfe4 ,i 7#bnd7 ,cl4 ich4 #ajff4 ,h#b4 purueyth2 ,cl4 purueyed2 rest purueyeth4 #ajgj4 ,cl4 ,h4 soueyren2 ,h#b4 souereyn4 #ajgb4 ,h4 ,h#b4 herto2 ,cl4 ,ed4 therto4 #ajgc4 ,cl4 om4 ,that4 _/_/ as ,cl4 a4 #ajgg4 the ,cl4 that4 #ajgi4 ,cl4 ,thanne4 #ajhj4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 alle2 rest al this4 #ajhe4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 in2 rest om4 #ajhg4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ey2 ,ed4 ,eygh2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,i4 #ajhi4 ,cm4 owene2 ,h4 ,ed4 owne2 ,cl4 owen4 #ajia4 ,cl4 thyn2 ,h4 ,cp4 thy4 #ajib4 ,cl4 eyghen4 #ajic4 ,cl4 by-fore2 rest be-forn 7by-forne74 #ajig4 ,cl4 om4 thy4 #ajii4 ,cl4 ,h4 com2 ,cp4 ,ed4 come4 #aajc4 ,cl4 seluen2 rest self4 #aaad4 ,cl4 swych2 ,cm4 why2 rest which4 #aaaf4 ,cl4 blissyd2 rest blisful4 #aabj4 this ,cl4 ,h#b4 thi4 #aaba4 ,cl4 answerede2 ,h4 answerde4 _/_/ ,cl4 sight2 ,cp4 ,h4 sighte4 #aabh4 ,cl4 it is2 rest om4 it4 _/_/ that ,h4 than2 ,cl4 om4 _/_/ ,cl4 whanne4 #aabi4 peyne ,cl4 peynes2 ,cm4 sorwe4 #aace1 #f1 #h4 ,cl4 teris4 #aaci4 ,cl4 thought2 ,ed4 through2 ,cp4 thorugh2 ,h4 thorwgh4 #aadd4 ,h4 woken2 ,ed4 weaken2 ,cm4 lesse4 #aadf4 ,cl4 teris4 #aadg4 ,h#b4 ,cm4 hors2 ,ed4 horse2 ,h4 hois4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 for shright2 ,cl4 for bright 7672 ,cm4 for feynt4 #aaea4 ,cl4 lost2 ,h4 lefte2 rest loste4 #aaec4 ,cl4 vp2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 a2 ,cp4 ,h4 o2 ,ed4 in4 #aaeh4 ,cm4 ,with-oute2 rest ,with-outen4 #aaff4 ful ,cl4 fyl4 _/_/ is ,cl4 his4 #aaga4 ,cl4 honde4 #aagh4 ,cl4 om4 aught4 _/_/ he ,cl4 ,i4 #aaha4 ,cl4 ,cm4 won2 ,h4 ,h#b4 wone4 #aahd1 #aahi4 ,cl4 cruwel2 ,cp4 ,h4 cruel4 #aahe4 ,cl4 ,he 7for ,his74 #aahf4 ,ed4 sleen2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 slen4 #aahg4 ,cl4 sowe 7#bnd time74 #aahh4 ,cp4 doom2 ,cl4 ,cm4 dom2 rest dome4 #aaia4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 fulfilled2 rest fulfild4 #aaic4 ,cl4 om4 ye4 #abjb4 ,h4 wol2 ,cl4 wole4 #abjc4 ,h4 suffure2 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 suffre2 ,cl4 ,cm4 suffren4 _/_/ ,h4 lyues here2 ,cl4 y-fere 7672 rest lyuen here4 #abjg4 ,cl4 now ,i2 rest om4 now4 #abjh4 ,h#b4 ,attropos2 ,ed4 ,attropose2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,attropes4 #abab4 ,h4 breyde2 ,cm4 brayd2 rest abreyde 7,cp4 shabreyde74 #abba4 ,cl4 flekered2 ,cm4 flekerede2 ,cp4 ,ed4 flikered2 ,h#b4 fykered 7672 ,h4 fliked4 #abbb4 ,cl4 a-yen2 ,h4 a-yein4 #abbf4 ,cp4 ,h4 it hadde2 ,h#b4 that 7he7 hadde2 rest hadde it4 #abbg4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 hir4 #abca4 ,cl4 swich2 rest which4 #abcd4 ,cl4 wolden2 slay4 #abce4 ,cl4 answerede4 #abcf4 ,cl4 mad2 rest made4 #abda4 slayn ,cm4 slawe4 #abdd4 ,cm4 ,ed4 there2 rest ther4 #abde4 morter ,cm4 percher4 #abdf4 ful ,cl4 right4 #abdh4 tho ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 the4 #abdi4 ,cl4 gan other4 #abeg4 nis ,cl4 ,h4 is4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 encres2 ,cp4 ,h4 encresse2 ,h#b4 encrease2 ,ed4 encreace4 #abei4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 be2 rest ben4 #abfa1 #c4 ,cl4 ,cm4 wot1 hot2 ,h4 woote1 hoote4 #abfd4 ,cl4 thenketh2 rest thinketh4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h#b4 ne2 rest nor4 #abfe4 ,cm4 ,aughte2 rest ,ought4 #abfg4 ,ed4 sleen2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cm4 slen4 #abfh4 ,cl4 om4 #bnd the4 #abga4 nis ,cl4 ,cm4 is4 #abgb4 ,cl4 ,cp4 remede2 ,h4 remade2 rest remedie4 #abgf4 ,h4 ,cp4 ayein2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ayen4 #abgh4 ,cl4 dredles2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 dredeles4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 wowke2 ,cm4 wouke2 ,h#b4 wooke2 ,ed4 weke4 #abha4 ,cl4 ,cm4 hep2 ,cp4 ,h4 heepe4 #abhb4 ,cl4 wot2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 wol2 ,cm4 nyl4 _/_/ ,cl4 sermon4 #abhc4 may ,cl4 wol4 #abhd4 ,cl4 conclusyon4 #abhg4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ayen2 ,h4 ayenis2 ,cp4 ayeyns4 #abif4 ,cl4 for ye2 rest om4 for4 #abii4 ,cl4 ,iuggement4 #acjd4 ,cl4 dishese2 cruwellyche4 #acjh4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ayen2 ,h4 ,cp4 ayein4 #acji4 ,cp4 oughte2 ,cl4 ought4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h#b4 the lasse2 rest om4 the4 #acab4 ,cl4 ye wel4 #acah4 ,h4 ,cp4 ayein2 ,cl4 ayen4 #acai4 ,cl4 righ4 #acba4 ,cl4 ,cm4 erst2 rest erste4 _/_/ ,cl4 shal2 see #acbb4 #acbd4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 insert tyme after ofte4 #acbi4 ,cp4 ,h4 an2 rest om4 #accj4 lite ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 litel4 #acdc4 if ,cl4 and4 #acdd4 ,cl4 nedede2 ,h4 ,h#b4 neded4 #aced4 ,cm4 moste2 ,h4 most2 ,cp4 moost2 ,cl4 mose 7674 #acef4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ben2 rest been4 #aceh4 ,cl4 wit-outen4 #acfa4 ,cl4 wheder4 #acgc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ful hard2 rest om4 ful4 #acgf4 ,cm4 ,mot2 ,h4 ,moot2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,mote4 #achj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 moeble2 ,cl4 moble2 see l4 #adfj4 #achd4 ,cl4 wheche4 #ache4 ,cm4 sendyn2 rest sende4 #achg4 ,h4 glosses quantitee by i4 of golde2 hence ,ed4 has be of golde an4 #achh-adjh4 ,cp4 omits4 #achh4 ,ed4 aspyde2 ,cm4 aspiede2 ,h4 aspied2 ,cl4 aspie4 #acia4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 om4 that4 #acid4 what for ,cl4 that for other 7674 #acig4 ,cl4 and or2 rest om4 and4 #acih4 ,cl4 calkullynge4 #acii4 ,ed4 blende2 rest blynde4 #adjf4 ,ed4 speke4 #adjg4 a ,ed4 o4 #adji4 his ,cl4 is4 #adaa4 ,h4 ,ed4 ferde2 ,cm4 fer2 ,cl4 ,cp4 fered2 ,h#b4 drede4 _/_/ ,cl4 his2 rest om4 #adae4 ,cl4 wreten4 #adaf4 of ,h4 ,cm4 in4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,ed4 entente2 rest entent4 #adbb4 ,cl4 eerys4 #adbc4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 deuysed4 #adbe4 selve ,cl4 same4 _/_/ ,h#b4 lete2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 late4 _/_/ hir ,cl4 he4 #adbf4 ,cl4 om4 him4 #adca4 ,cp4 ,h4 thamorouse4 #adce4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,delited2 ,cl4 ,ed4 ,deliten2 ,cm4 ,delite2 ,h4 ,delites 7674 #adcf4 ,cp4 ,h4 natheles2 ,cl4 nathles4 #adde4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h4 cruel2 ,cl4 cruwel4 #addi4 ,ed4 ,dwell2 ,h#b4 ,dwelleth2 rest ,dwelle4 #adeb4 ,cl4 fayllen2 ,cp4 ,h4 faylen4 #adef4 and ,cl4 but4 _/_/ ,cl4 a-rede2 ,h4 ,cp4 atrede2 ,cm4 at-rede4 #adeh4 ,cl4 ,h4 crepul2 ,cp4 crepel2 rest crepil4 _/_/ ,cl4 can on2 rest om4 on4 #adei4 ,,mss4 eyed4 #adfc4 ,cl4 ,h4 alle2 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 al4 #adfh4 ,cl4 a-yen2 ,h4 ,cp4 ayein4 #adgj4 on ,cl4 to4 #adgc4 preyse ,cl4 prese4 #adgf4 of ,cm4 ,ed4 on2 ,h4 of on 7674 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h#b4 he2 rest ye4 #adhc4 ,and ,cl4 ,al4 #adij4 ,cm4 ,troilus2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,troians 7but read ,troin-es74 #adib4 ,cl4 thenke2 rest thinke4 #adid4 ,cp4 ,h4 dredeles2 ,cl4 ,cm4 dredles4 #adih4 ,cl4 am2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 nam4 #aeja4 reweth ,cl4 rewes4 #aejc4 ,cp4 ,h4 bi-twixe2 ,cl4 by-twext4 #aeje4 his ,cl4 is4 #aejg4 ,cp4 ,h4 to-gidere2 ,cl4 to-gedre4 #aejh4 wit ,cl4 nede4 #aeji4 ,cp4 sholden2 ,h4 sholdon2 ,cm4 schuldyn2 ,cl4 sholde4 #aeae4 ,cl4 ,y-nowh4 _/_/ ,cl4 pleasaunce2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 plesaunce4 #aebj4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,ed4 hardely4 #aebc4 ,cp4 ,cm4 gold2 rest golde4 #aecb4 ,cl4 ,cp4 helpe2 ,h4 ,cm4 help4 _/_/ ,cm4 moste2 ,cp4 mooste2 ,cl4 ,h4 most4 #aech4 ,cl4 ,ed4 ,saturnus4 #aeci4 ,cp4 ,h4 wood2 ,cl4 wod4 _/_/ ,cm4 achamaunt2 ,ed4 ,achamante4 #aedf4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 to-breste2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 thow breste4 #aedh4 ,ed4 ,synoys2 rest ,symoys4 #aedi4 ,cm4 om4 ay4 #aeej4 ,cl4 wittenesse4 #aeee4 awey ,cl4 alwey4 #aeeg4 any ,cl4 ony4 #aeeh4 ,cl4 namly4 #aefj4 ,cm4 leye2 ,ed4 laye2 ,h#b4 were2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 lay4 #aefb4 ,ed4 herafter be take4 _/_/ ,perhaps read3 pees be after take4 #aefe4 ,cp4 ,h4 ayeyne2 ,cl4 ayen4 #aefg1 #h4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 hastif4 #aefi4 ,cl4 ye that the peple ek of al2 rest om4 that and of4 #aegj4 ,cp4 ,h4 tarede4 #aegg4 ,i ,cl4 ,h#b4 it4 #aehe4 ,cp4 ,h4 moot2 ,cl4 ,cm4 mote4 #aehg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,by pacience 7paciens72 ,cl4 ,by pacient2 ,h#b4 ,be pacient2 ,cm4 ,beth pacient4 _/_/ ,cl4 thenk2 ,cm4 thynkith2 rest thynke4 #aeib4 ,h4 leon1 glossed i4 signum leonis2 ariete1 glossed i4 signum arietis4 #aeie4 ,cp4 ,h4 messaile4 #afjc4 ,cl4 om4 that4 #afjh4 ,h4 cynthia2 ,cp4 ,cinthia2 ,cl4 ,cynthes 7672 ,ed4 ,scythia 7674 #afbc4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 wiste2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 wist4 #afbd4 ,cl4 ,h4 com4 #afbf4 ,h4 ,h#b4 way2 ,cp4 wey2 ,cl4 weye4 #afcb4 ,cl4 ,cm4 beseche4 #afcc4 ,cl4 ough4 #afcf4 so ,cl4 the4 _/_/ ,cl4 good of2 ,cm4 good2 rest good a4 #afcg4 ,cl4 om4 ye4 #afch4 ,ed4 at2 ,h#b4 in2 ,h4 a2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 o4 _/_/ point ,cl4 poyn4 #afdj4 ,cp4 ,cm4 owene2 ,ed4 owne2 ,cl4 owen4 #afdb4 ,cl4 assent 7674 #afdc4 ,cl4 do ye me4 #afdi4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 alle2 rest al4 #afee4 ,cm4 ,ed4 glade2 ,h#b4 gladde2 ,cl4 ,h4 glad4 #afef4 ,h#b4 yhe2 rest eye4 #afeh4 ,cm4 schorte2 ,cp4 ,ed4 shorte2 rest short4 #affj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 goode2 ,cl4 good4 #affd4 ,cl4 om4 god4 #affg-agja4 ,cm4 omits4 #affi4 ,h4 tournay2 ,h#b4 tourney4 #afgj4 ,cl4 aray4 #afgg4 and ,cl4 an4 _/_/ ,cl4 pepelyssh2 ,h4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 poeplissh4 #afhb4 ,read fortun-4 #afhi4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 streite2 ,h4 streyte2 ,cl4 streyght4 #afia4 ,cl4 ,cp4 rowfullych2 ,h4 rewfulliche2 ,h#b4 pitously4 #afic4 hir ,cl4 his4 #afif4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 ,ne entendement2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,nentendement4 #afig4 ,the ,cl4 ,this4 _/_/ ,h4 cruel2 ,cp4 cruele2 ,cl4 cruwel4 #afii4 ,cl4 om4 whan4 ,,book ,v4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,quintus4 #a4 ,aprochen gan the fatal destinee ,that ,ioves hath in disposicioun1 ,and to yow1 angry ,parcas1 sustren three1 ,committeth1 to don execucioun2 ,for which ,criseyde moste out of the toun1 #e ,and ,troilus shal dwelle forth in pyne ,til ,lachesis his threed no lenger twyne4-- #b4 ,the golden-tressed4 ,phebus heighe on-lofte ,thrys hadde alle with his bemes shene ,the snowes molte1 and ,zephirus as ofte #aj ,y-brought ayein the tendre leves grene1 ,sin that the sone of ,ecuba the quene ,bigan to love hir first1 for whom his sorwe ,was al1 that she departe sholde a-morwe4 #c4 ,ful redy was at pryme ,dyomede1 #ae ,criseyde un-to the ,grekes ost to lede1 ,for sorwe of which she felte hir herte blede1 ,as she that niste what was best to rede4 ,and trewely1 as men in bokes rede1 ,men wiste never womman han the care1 #bj ,ne was so looth out of a toun to fare4 #d4 ,this ,troilus1 with-outen reed or lore1 ,as man that hath his ,ioyes eek forlore1 ,was waytinge on his lady ever-more ,as she that was the soothfast crop and more #be ,of al his lust1 or ,ioyes here-tofore4 ,but ,troilus1 now farewel al thy ,ioye1 ,for shaltow never seen hir eft in ,troye6 #e4 ,soth is1 that whyl he bood in this manere1 ,he gan his wo ful manly for to hyde1 #cj ,that wel unnethe it seen was in his chere2 ,but at the yate ther she sholde oute ryde ,with certeyn folk1 he hoved hir tabyde1 ,so wo bigoon1 al wolde he nought him pleyne1 ,that on his hors unnethe he sat for peyne4 #ce #f4 ,for ire he quook1 so gan his herte gnawe1 ,whan ,diomede on horse gan him dresse1 ,and seyde un-to him-self this ilke sawe1 ',allas1' quod he1 'thus foul a wrecchednesse ,why suffre ich it1 why nil ich it redresse8 #dj ,were it not bet at ones for to dye ,than ever-more in langour thus to drye8 #g4 ,why nil ,i make at ones riche and pore ,to have y-nough to done1 er that she go8 ,why nil ,i bringe al ,troye upon a rore8 #de ,why nil ,i sleen this ,diomede also8 ,why nil ,i rather with a man or two ,stele hir a-way8 ,why wol ,i this endure8 ,why nil ,i helpen to myn owene cure8' #h4 ,but why he nolde doon so fel a dede1 #ej ,that shal ,i seyn1 and why him liste it spare3 ,he hadde in herte alwey a maner drede1 ,lest that ,criseyde1 in rumour of this fare1 ,sholde han ben slayn2 lo1 this was al his care4 ,and elles1 certeyn1 as ,i seyde yore1 #ee ,he hadde it doon1 with-outen wordes more4 #i4 ,criseyde1 whan she redy was to ryde1 ,ful sorwfully she sighte1 and seyde 'allas6' ,but forth she moot1 for ought that may bityde1 ,and forth she rit ful sorwfully a pas4 #fj ,ther nis non other remedie in this cas4 ,what wonder is though that hir sore smerte1 ,whan she forgoth hir owene swete herte8 #aj4 ,this ,troilus1 in wyse of curteisye1 ,with hauke on hond1 and with an huge route #fe ,of knightes1 rood and dide hir companye1 ,passinge al the valey fer with-oute4 ,and ferther wolde han riden1 out of doute1 ,ful fayn1 and wo was him to goon so sone2 ,but torne he moste1 and it was eek to done4 #gj #aa4 ,and right with that was ,antenor y-come ,out of the ,grekes ost1 and every wight ,was of it glad1 and seyde he was wel-come4 ,and ,troilus1 al nere his herte light1 ,he peyned him with al his fulle might #ge ,him to with-holde of wepinge at the leste1 ,and ,antenor he kiste1 and made feste4 #ab4 ,and ther-with-al he moste his leve take1 ,and caste his eye upon hir pitously1 ,and neer he rood1 his cause for to make1 #hj ,to take hir by the honde al sobrely4 ,and lord6 so she gan wepen tendrely6 ,and he ful softe and sleighly gan hir seye1 ',now hold your day1 and dooth me not to deye4' #ac4 ,with that his courser torned he a-boute #he ,with face pale1 and un-to ,diomede ,no word he spak1 ne noon of al his route2 ,of which the sone of ,tydeus took hede1 ,as he that coude more than the crede ,in swich a craft1 and by the reyne hir hente2 #ij ,and ,troilus to ,troye homwarde he wente4 #ad4 ,this ,diomede1 that ladde hir by the brydel1 ,whan that he saw the folk of ,troye aweye1 ,thoughte1 'al my labour shal not been on ydel1 ,if that ,i may1 for somwhat shal ,i seye4 #ie ,for at the worste it may yet shorte our weye4 ,i have herd seyd1 eek tymes twys twelve1 ,he is a fool that wol for-yete him-selve4' #ae4 ,but natheles this thoughte he wel ynough1 ',that certaynly ,i am aboute nought #ajj ,if that ,i speke of love1 or make it tough2 ,for douteles1 if she have in hir thought ,him that ,i gesse1 he may not been y-brought ,so sone awey2 but ,i shal finde a mene1 ,that she not wite as yet shal what ,i mene4' #aje #af4 ,this ,diomede1 as he that coude his good1 ,whan this was doon1 gan fallen forth in speche ,of this and that1 and asked why she stood ,in swich disese1 and gan hir eek biseche1 ,that if that he encrese mighte or eche #aaj ,with any thing hir ese1 that she sholde ,comaunde it him1 and seyde he doon it wolde4 #ag4 ,for trewely he swoor hir1 as a knight1 ,that ther nas thing with whiche he mighte hir plese1 ,that he nolde doon his peyne and al his might #aae ,to doon it1 for to doon hir herte an ese4 ,and preyede hir1 she wolde hir sorwe apese1 ,and seyde1 'y-wis1 we ,grekes con have ,ioye ,to honouren yow1 as wel as folk of ,troye4' #ah4 ,he seyde eek thus1 ',i woot1 yow thinketh straunge1 #abj ,no wonder is1 for it is to yow newe1 ,thaqueintaunce of these ,troianes to chaunge1 ,for folk of ,grece1 that ye never knewe4 ,but wolde never god but-if as trewe ,a ,greek ye shulde among us alle finde #abe ,as any ,troian is1 and eek as kinde4 #ai4 ,and by the cause ,i swoor yow right1 lo1 now1 ,to been your freend1 and helply1 to my might1 ,and for that more acqueintaunce eek of yow ,have ich had than another straunger wight1 #acj ,so fro this forth ,i pray yow1 day and night1 ,comaundeth me1 how sore that me smerte1 ,to doon al that may lyke un-to your herte2 #bj4 ,and that ye me wolde as your brother trete1 ,and taketh not my frendship in despyt2 #ace ,and though your sorwes be for thinges grete1 ,noot ,i not why1 but out of more respyt1 ,myn herte hath for to amende it greet delyt4 ,and if ,i may your harmes not redresse1 ,i am right sory for your hevinesse4 #adj #ba4 ,and though ye ,troians with us ,grekes wrothe ,han many a day be1 alwey yet1 pardee1 ,o god of love in sooth we serven bothe4 ,and1 for the love of god1 my lady free1 ,whom so ye hate1 as beth not wroth with me4 #ade ,for trewely1 ther can no wight yow serve1 ,that half so looth your wraththe wolde deserve4 #bb4 ,and nere it that we been so neigh the tente ,of ,calkas1 which that seen us bothe may1 ,i wolde of this yow telle al myn entente2 #aej ,but this enseled til another day4 ,yeve me your hond1 ,i am1 and shal ben ay1 ,god help me so1 whyl that my lyf may dure1 ,your owene aboven every creature4 #bc4 ,thus seyde ,i never er now to womman born2 #aee ,for god myn herte as wisly glade so1 ,i lovede never womman here-biforn ,as paramours ne never shal no mo4 ,and1 for the love of god1 beth not my fo2 ,al can ,i not to yow1 my lady dere1 #afj ,compleyne aright1 for ,i am yet to lere4 #bd4 ,and wondreth not1 myn owene lady bright1 ,though that ,i speke of love to you thus blyve2 ,for ,i have herd or this of many a wight1 ,hath loved thing he never saugh his lyve4 #afe ,eek ,i am not of power for to stryve ,ayens the god of love1 but him obeye ,i wol alwey1 and mercy ,i yow preye4 #be4 ,ther been so worthy knightes in this place1 ,and ye so fair1 that everich of hem alle #agj ,wol peynen him to stonden in your grace4 ,but mighte me so fair a grace falle1 ,that ye me for your servaunt wolde calle1 ,so lowly ne so trewely you serve ,nil noon of hem1 as ,i shal1 til ,i sterve4' #age #bf4 ,criseide un-to that purpos lyte answerde1 ,as she that was with sorwe oppressed so ,that1 in effect1 she nought his tales herde1 ,but here and there1 now here a word or two4 ,hir thoughte hir sorwful herte brast a-two4 #ahj ,for whan she gan hir fader fer aspye1 ,wel neigh doun of hir hors she gan to sye4 #bg4 ,but natheles she thonked ,diomede ,of al his travaile1 and his goode chere1 ,and that him liste his friendship hir to bede2 #ahe ,and she accepteth it in good manere1 ,and wolde do fayn that is him leef and dere2 ,and trusten him she wolde1 and wel she mighte1 ,as seyde she1 and from hir hors she alighte4 #bh4 ,hir fader hath hir in his armes nome1 #aij ,and tweynty tyme he kiste his doughter swete1 ,and seyde1 ',o dere doughter myn1 wel-come6' ,she seyde eek1 she was fayn with him to mete1 ,and stood forth mewet1 mild1 and mansuete4 ,but here ,i leve hir with hir fader dwelle1 #aie ,and forth ,i wol of ,troilus yow telle4 #bi4 ,to ,troye is come this woful ,troilus1 ,in sorwe aboven alle sorwes smerte1 ,with felon look1 and face dispitous4 ,tho sodeinly doun from his hors he sterte1 #bjj ,and thorugh his paleys1 with a swollen herte1 ,to chambre he wente2 of no-thing took he hede1 ,ne noon to him dar speke a word for drede4 #cj4 ,and there his sorwes that he spared hadde ,he yaf an issue large1 and 'deeth6' he cryde2 #bje ,and in his throwes frenetyk and madde ,he cursed ,iove1 ,appollo1 and eek ,cupyde1 ,he cursed ,ceres1 ,bacus1 and ,cipryde1 ,his burthe1 him-self1 his fate1 and eek nature1 ,and1 save his lady1 every creature4 #baj #ca4 ,to bedde he goth1 and weyleth there and torneth ,in furie1 as dooth he1 ,ixion1 in helle2 ,and in this wyse he neigh til day soiorneth4 ,but tho bigan his herte a lyte unswelle ,thorugh teres which that gonnen up to welle2 #bae ,and pitously he cryde up-on ,criseyde1 ,and to him-self right thus he spak1 and seyde3-- #cb4 ',wher is myn owene lady lief and dere1 ,wher is hir whyte brest1 wher is it1 where8 ,wher ben hir armes and hir eyen clere1 #bbj ,that yesternight this tyme with me were8 ,now may ,i wepe allone many a tere1 ,and graspe aboute ,i may1 but in this place1 ,save a pilowe1 ,i finde nought tenbrace4 #cc4 ,how shal ,i do8 ,whan shal she com ayeyn8 #bbe ,i noot1 allas6 why leet ich hir to go8 ,as wolde god1 ich hadde as tho be sleyn6 ,o herte myn1 ,criseyde1 ,o swete fo6 ,o lady myn1 that ,i love and no mo6 ,to whom for ever-mo myn herte ,i dowe2 #bcj ,see how ,i deye1 ye nil me not rescowe6 #cd4 ,who seeth yow now1 my righte lode-sterre8 ,who sit right now or stant in your presence8 ,who can conforten now your hertes werre8 ,now ,i am gon1 whom yeve ye audience8 #bce ,who speketh for me right now in myn absence8 ,allas1 no wight2 and that is al my care2 ,for wel wot ,i1 as yvel as ,i ye fare4 #ce4 ,how shulde ,i thus ten dayes ful endure1 ,whan ,i the firste night have al this tene8 #bdj ,how shal she doon eek1 sorwful creature8 ,for tendernesse1 how shal she this sustene1 ,swich wo for me8 ,o pitous1 pale1 and grene ,shal been your fresshe wommanliche face ,for langour1 er ye torne un-to this place4' #bde #cf4 ,and whan he fil in any slomeringes1 ,anoon biginne he sholde for to grone1 ,and dremen of the dredfulleste thinges ,that mighte been2 as1 mete he were allone ,in place horrible1 makinge ay his mone1 #bej ,or meten that he was amonges alle ,his enemys1 and in hir hondes falle4 #cg4 ,and ther-with-al his body sholde sterte1 ,and with the stert al sodeinliche awake1 ,and swich a tremour fele aboute his herte1 #bee ,that of the feer his body sholde quake2 ,and there-with-al he sholde a noyse make1 ,and seme as though he sholde falle depe ,from heighe a-lofte2 and than he wolde wepe1 #ch4 ,and rewen on him-self so pitously1 #bfj ,that wonder was to here his fantasye4 ,another tyme he sholde mightily ,conforte him-self1 and seyn it was folye1 ,so causeles swich drede for to drye1 ,and eft biginne his aspre sorwes newe1 #bfe ,that every man mighte on his sorwes rewe4 #ci4 ,who coude telle aright or ful discryve ,his wo1 his pleynte1 his langour1 and his pyne8 ,nought al the men that han or been on-lyve4 ,thou1 redere1 mayst thy-self ful wel devyne #bgj ,that swich a wo my wit can not defyne4 ,on ydel for to wryte it sholde ,i swinke1 ,whan that my wit is wery it to thinke4 #dj4 ,on hevene yet the sterres were sene1 ,al-though ful pale y-waxen was the mone2 #bge ,and whyten gan the orisonte shene ,al estward1 as it woned is to done4 ,and ,phebus with his rosy carte sone ,gan after that to dresse him up to fare1 ,whan ,troilus hath sent after ,pandare4 #bhj #da4 ,this ,pandare1 that of al the day biforn ,ne mighte have comen ,troilus to see1 ,al-though he on his heed it hadde y-sworn1 ,for with the king ,pryam alday was he1 ,so that it lay not in his libertee #bhe ,no-wher to gon1 but on the morwe he wente ,to ,troilus1 whan that he for him sente4 #db4 ,for in his herte he coude wel devyne1 ,that ,troilus al night for sorwe wook2 ,and that he wolde telle him of his pyne1 #bij ,this knew he wel y-nough1 with-oute book4 ,for which to chaumbre streight the wey he took1 ,and ,troilus tho sobreliche he grette1 ,and on the bed ful sone he gan him sette4 #dc4 ',my ,pandarus1' quod ,troilus1 'the sorwe #bie ,which that ,i drye1 ,i may not longe endure4 ,i trowe ,i shal not liven til to-morwe2 ,for whiche ,i wolde alwey1 on aventure1 ,to thee devysen of my sepulture ,the forme1 and of my moeble thou dispone #cjj ,right as thee semeth best is for to done4 #dd4 ,but of the fyr and flaumbe funeral ,in whiche my body brenne shal to glede1 ,and of the feste and pleyes palestral ,at my vigile1 ,i pray thee take good hede #cje ,that al be wel2 and offre ,mars my stede1 ,my swerd1 myn helm1 and1 leve brother dere1 ,my sheld to ,pallas yef1 that shyneth clere4 #de4 ,the poudre in which myn herte y-brend shal torne1 ,that preye ,i thee thou take and it conserve #caj ,in a vessel1 that men clepeth an urne1 ,of gold1 and to my lady that ,i serve1 ,for love of whom thus pitously ,i sterve1 ,so yeve it hir1 and do me this plesaunce1 ,to preye hir kepe it for a remembraunce4 #cae #df4 ,for wel ,i fele1 by my maladye1 ,and by my dremes now and yore ago1 ,al certeinly1 that ,i mot nedes dye4 ,the owle eek1 which that hight ,ascaphilo1 ,hath after me shright alle thise nightes two4 #cbj ,and1 god ,mercurie6 of me now1 woful wrecche1 ,the soule gyde1 and1 whan thee list1 it fecche6' #dg4 ,pandare answerde1 and seyde1 ',troilus1 ,my dere freend1 as ,i have told thee yore1 ,that it is folye for to sorwen thus1 #cbe ,and causeles1 for whiche ,i can no-more4 ,but who-so wol not trowen reed ne lore1 ,i can not seen in him no remedye1 ,but lete him worthen with his fantasye4 #dh4 ,but ,troilus1 ,i pray thee tel me now1 #ccj ,if that thou trowe1 er this1 that any wight ,hath loved paramours as wel as thou8 ,ye1 god wot1 and fro many a worthy knight ,hath his lady goon a fourtenight1 ,and he not yet made halvendel the fare4 #cce ,what nede is thee to maken al this care8 #di4 ,sin day by day thou mayst thy-selven see ,that from his love1 or elles from his wyf1 ,a man mot twinnen of necessitee1 ,ye1 though he love hir as his owene lyf2 #cdj ,yet nil he with him-self thus maken stryf4 ,for wel thow wost1 my leve brother dere1 ,that alwey freendes may nought been y-fere4 #ej4 ,how doon this folk that seen hir loves wedded ,by freendes might1 as it bi-tit ful ofte1 #cde ,and seen hem in hir spouses bed y-bedded8 ,god woot1 they take it wysly1 faire and softe4 ,for-why good hope halt up hir herte on-lofte1 ,and for they can a tyme of sorwe endure2 ,as tyme hem hurt1 a tyme doth hem cure4 #cej #ea4 ,so sholdestow endure1 and late slyde ,the tyme1 and fonde to ben glad and light4 ,ten dayes nis so longe not tabyde4 ,and sin she thee to comen hath bihight1 ,she nil hir hestes breken for no wight4 #cee ,for dred thee not that she nil finden weye ,to come ayein1 my lyf that dorste ,i leye4 #eb4 ,thy swevenes eek and al swich fantasye ,dryf out1 and lat hem faren to mischaunce2 ,for they procede of thy malencolye1 #cfj ,that doth thee fele in sleep al this penaunce4 ,a straw for alle swevenes signifiaunce6 ,god helpe me so1 ,i counte hem not a bene1 ,ther woot no man aright what dremes mene4 #ec4 ,for prestes of the temple tellen this1 #cfe ,that dremes been the revelaciouns ,of goddes1 and as wel they telle1 y-wis1 ,that they ben infernals illusiouns2 ,and leches seyn1 that of complexiouns ,proceden they1 or fast1 or glotonye4 #cgj ,who woot in sooth thus what they signifye8 #ed4 ,eek othere seyn that thorugh impressiouns1 ,as if a wight hath faste a thing in minde1 ,that ther-of cometh swiche avisiouns2 ,and othere seyn1 as they in bokes finde1 #cge ,that1 after tymes of the yeer by kinde1 ,men dreme1 and that theffect goth by the mone2 ,but leve no dreem1 for it is nought to done4 #ee4 ,wel worth of dremes ay thise olde wyves1 ,and treweliche eek augurie of thise foules2 #chj ,for fere of which men wenen lese her lyves1 ,as ravenes qualm1 or shryking of thise oules4 ,to trowen on it bothe fals and foul is4 ,allas1 allas1 so noble a creature ,as is a man1 shal drede swich ordure6 #che #ef4 ,for which with al myn herte ,i thee beseche1 ,un-to thy-self that al this thou foryive2 ,and rys up now with-oute more speche1 ,and lat us caste how forth may best be drive ,this tyme1 and eek how freshly we may live #cij ,whan that she cometh1 the which shal be right sone2 ,god help me so1 the beste is thus to done4 #eg4 ,rys1 lat us speke of lusty lyf in ,troye ,that we han lad1 and forth the tyme dryve2 ,and eek of tyme cominge us reioye1 #cie ,that bringen shal our blisse now so blyve2 ,and langour of these twys dayes fyve ,we shal ther-with so foryete or oppresse1 ,that wel unnethe it doon shal us duresse4 #eh4 ,this toun is ful of lordes al aboute1 #djj ,and trewes lasten al this mene whyle4 ,go we pleye us in som lusty route ,to ,sarpedon1 not hennes but a myle4 ,and thus thou shalt the tyme wel bigyle1 ,and dryve it forth un-to that blisful morwe1 #dje ,that thou hir see1 that cause is of thy sorwe4 #ei4 ,now rys1 my dere brother ,troilus2 ,for certes1 it noon honour is to thee ,to wepe1 and in thy bed to iouken thus4 ,for trewely1 of o thing trust to me1 #daj ,if thou thus ligge a day1 or two1 or three1 ,the folk wol wene that thou1 for cowardyse1 ,thee feynest syk1 and that thou darst not ryse4' #fj4 ,this ,troilus answerde1 ',o brother dere1 ,this knowen folk that han y-suffred peyne1 #dae ,that though he wepe and make sorwful chere1 ,that feleth harm and smert in every veyne1 ,no wonder is2 and though ,i ever pleyne1 ,or alwey wepe1 ,i am no-thing to blame1 ,sin ,i have lost the cause of al my game4 #dbj #fa4 ,but sin of fyne force ,i moot aryse1 ,i shal aryse1 as sone as ever ,i may2 ,and god1 to whom myn herte ,i sacrifyse1 ,so sende us hastely the tenthe day6 ,for was ther never fowl so fayn of ,may1 #dbe ,as ,i shal been1 whan that she cometh in ,troye1 ,that cause is of my torment and my ,ioye4 #fb4 ,but whider is thy reed1' quod ,troilus1 ',that we may pleye us best in al this toun8' ',by god1 my conseil is1' quod ,pandarus1 #dcj ',to ryde and pleye us with king ,sarpedoun4' ,so longe of this they speken up and doun1 ,til ,troilus gan at the laste assente ,to ryse1 and forth to ,sarpedoun they wente4 #fc4 ,this ,sarpedoun1 as he that honourable #dce ,was ever his lyve1 and ful of heigh prowesse1 ,with al that mighte y-served been on table1 ,that deyntee was1 al coste it greet richesse1 ,he fedde hem day by day1 that swich noblesse1 ,as seyden bothe the moste and eek the leste1 #ddj ,was never er that day wist at any feste4 #fd4 ,nor in this world ther is non instrument ,delicious1 through wind1 or touche1 or corde1 ,as fer as any wight hath ever y-went1 ,that tonge telle or herte may recorde1 #dde ,that at that feste it nas wel herd acorde2 ,ne of ladies eek so fayr a companye ,on daunce1 er tho1 was never y-seyn with y4 #fe4 ,but what avayleth this to ,troilus1 ,that for his sorwe no-thing of it roughte8 #dej ,for ever in oon his herte pitous ,ful bisily ,criseyde his lady soughte4 ,on hir was ever al that his herte thoughte4 ,now this1 now that1 so faste imagininge1 ,that glade1 y-wis1 can him no festeyinge4 #dee #ff4 ,these ladies eek that at this feste been1 ,sin that he saw his lady was a-weye1 ,it was his sorwe upon hem for to seen1 ,or for to here on instrumentz so pleye4 ,for she1 that of his herte berth the keye1 #dfj ,was absent1 lo1 this was his fantasye1 ,that no wight sholde make melodye4 #fg4 ,nor ther nas houre in al the day or night1 ,whan he was ther-as no wight mighte him here1 ,that he ne seyde1 ',o lufsom lady bright1 #dfe ,how have ye faren1 sin that ye were here8 ,wel-come1 y-wis1 myn owene lady dere4' ,but welaway1 al this nas but a mase2 ,fortune his howve entended bet to glase4 #fh4 ,the lettres eek1 that she of olde tyme #dgj ,hadde him y-sent1 he wolde allone rede1 ,an hundred sythe1 a-twixen noon and pryme2 ,refiguringe hir shap1 hir womanhede1 ,with-inne his herte1 and every word and dede ,that passed was1 and thus he droof to an ende #dge ,the ferthe day1 and seyde1 he wolde wende4 #fi4 ,and seyde1 'leve brother ,pandarus1 ,intendestow that we shul her bleve ,til ,sarpedoun wol forth congeyen us8 ,yet were it fairer that we toke our leve4 #dhj ,for goddes love1 lat us now sone at eve ,our leve take1 and homward lat us torne2 ,for trewely1 ,i nil not thus soiorne4' #gj4 ,pandare answerde1 'be we comen hider ,to fecchen fyr1 and rennen hoom ayeyn8 #dhe ,god helpe me so1 ,i can not tellen whider ,we mighten goon1 if ,i shal soothly seyn1 ,ther any wight is of us more fayn ,than ,sarpedoun2 and if we hennes hye ,thus sodeinly1 ,i holde it vilanye1 #dij #ga4 ,sin that we seyden that we wolde bleve ,with him a wouke2 and now1 thus sodeinly1 ,the ferthe day to take of him our leve1 ,he wolde wondren on it1 trewely6 ,lat us holde forth our purpos fermely2 #die ,and sin that ye bihighten him to byde1 ,hold forward now1 and after lat us ryde4' #gb4 ,thus ,pandarus1 with alle peyne and wo1 ,made him to dwelle2 and at the woukes ende1 ,of ,sarpedoun they toke hir leve tho1 #ejj ,and on hir wey they spedden hem to wende4 ,quod ,troilus1 'now god me grace sende1 ,that ,i may finden1 at myn hom-cominge1 ,criseyde comen6' and ther-with gan he singe4 #gc4 ',ye1 hasel-wode6' thoughte this ,pandare1 #eje ,and to him-self ful softely he seyde1 ',god woot1 refreyden may this hote fare ,er ,calkas sende ,troilus ,criseyde6' ,but natheles1 he ,iaped thus1 and seyde1 ,and swor1 y-wis1 his herte him wel bihighte1 #eaj ,she wolde come as sone as ever she mighte4 #gd4 ,whan they un-to the paleys were y-comen ,of ,troilus1 they doun of hors alighte1 ,and to the chambre hir wey than han they nomen4 ,and in-to tyme that it gan to nighte1 #eae ,they spaken of ,crisyde the brighte4 ,and after this1 whan that hem bothe leste1 ,they spedde hem fro the soper un-to reste4 #ge4 ,on morwe1 as sone as day bigan to clere1 ,this ,troilus gan of his sleep tabreyde1 #ebj ,and to ,pandare1 his owene brother dere1 ',for love of god1' ful pitously he seyde1 ',as go we seen the paleys of ,criseyde2 ,for sin we yet may have namore feste1 ,so lat us seen hir paleys at the leste4' #ebe #gf4 ,and ther-with-al1 his meyne for to blende1 ,a cause he fond in toune for to go1 ,and to ,criseydes hous they gonnen wende4 ,but lord6 this sely ,troilus was wo6 ,him thoughte his sorweful herte braste a-two4 #ecj ,for whan he saugh hir dores sperred alle1 ,wel neigh for sorwe a-doun he gan to falle4 #gg4 ,therwith whan he was war and gan biholde ,how shet was every windowe of the place1 ,as frost1 him thoughte1 his herte gan to colde2 #ece ,for which with chaunged deedlich pale face1 ,with-outen word1 he forth bigan to pace2 ,and1 as god wolde1 he gan so faste ryde1 ,that no wight of his contenaunce aspyde4 #gh4 ,than seyde he thus1 ',o paleys desolat1 #edj ,o hous1 of houses whylom best y-hight1 ,o paleys empty and disconsolat1 ,o thou lanterne1 of which queynt is the light1 ,o paleys1 whylom day1 that now art night1 ,wel oughtestow to falle1 and ,i to dye1 #ede ,sin she is went that wont was us to gye6 #gi4 ,o paleys1 whylom croune of houses alle1 ,enlumined with sonne of alle blisse6 ,o ring1 fro which the ruby is out-falle1 ,o cause of wo1 that cause hast been of lisse6 #eej ,yet1 sin ,i may no bet1 fayn wolde ,i kisse ,thy colde dores1 dorste ,i for this route2 ,and fare-wel shryne1 of which the seynt is oute6' #hj4 ,ther-with he caste on ,pandarus his y ,with chaunged face1 and pitous to biholde2 #eee ,and whan he mighte his tyme aright aspye1 ,ay as he rood1 to ,pandarus he tolde ,his newe sorwe1 and eek his ,ioyes olde1 ,so pitously and with so dede an hewe1 ,that every wight mighte on his sorwe rewe4 #efj #ha4 ,fro thennesforth he rydeth up and doun1 ,and every thing com him to remembraunce ,as he rood forth by places of the toun ,in whiche he whylom hadde al his plesaunce4 ',lo1 yond saugh ,i myn owene lady daunce2 #efe ,and in that temple1 with hir eyen clere1 ,me caughte first my righte lady dere4 #hb4 ,and yonder have ,i herd ful lustily ,my dere herte laughe1 and yonder pleye ,saugh ,i hir ones eek ful blisfully4 #egj ,and yonder ones to me gan she seye1 ,now goode swete1 love me wel1 ,i preye4 ,and yond so goodly gan she me biholde1 ,that to the deeth myn herte is to hir holde4 #hc4 ,and at that corner1 in the yonder hous1 #ege ,herde ,i myn alderlevest lady dere ,so wommanly1 with voys melodious1 ,singen so wel1 so goodly1 and so clere1 ,that in my soule yet me thinketh ,i here ,the blisful soun2 and1 in that yonder place1 #ehj ,my lady first me took un-to hir grace4' #hd4 ,thanne thoughte he thus1 ',o blisful lord ,cupyde1 ,whanne ,i the proces have in my memorie1 ,how thou me hast werreyed on every syde1 ,men mighte a book make of it1 lyk a storie4 #ehe ,what nede is thee to seke on me victorie1 ,sin ,i am thyn1 and hoolly at thy wille8 ,what ,ioye hastow thyn owene folk to spille8 #he4 ,wel hastow1 lord1 y-wroke on me thyn ire1 ,thou mighty god1 and dredful for to greve6 #eij ,now mercy1 lord1 thou wost wel ,i desire ,thy grace most1 of alle lustes leve4 ,and live and deye ,i wol in thy bileve2 ,for which ,i naxe in guerdon but a bone1 ,that thou ,criseyde ayein me sende sone4 #eie #hf4 ,distreyne hir herte as faste to retorne ,as thou dost myn to longen hir to see2 ,than woot ,i wel1 that she nil not soiorne4 ,now1 blisful lord1 so cruel thou ne be ,un-to the blood of ,troye1 ,i preye thee1 #fjj ,as ,iuno was un-to the blood ,thebane1 ,for which the folk of ,thebes caughte hir bane4' #hg4 ,and after this he to the yates wente ,ther-as ,criseyde out-rood a ful good paas1 ,and up and doun ther made he many a wente1 #fje ,and to him-self ful ofte he seyde 'allas6 ,from hennes rood my blisse and my solas6 ,as wolde blisful god now1 for his ,ioye1 ,i mighte hir seen ayein come in-to ,troye4 #hh4 ,and to the yonder hille ,i gan hir gyde1 #faj ,allas6 and there ,i took of hir my leve6 ,and yond ,i saugh hir to hir fader ryde1 ,for sorwe of which myn herte shal to-cleve4 ,and hider hoom ,i com whan it was eve2 ,and here ,i dwelle out-cast from alle ,ioye1 #fae ,and shal1 til ,i may seen hir eft in ,troye4' #hi4 ,and of him-self imagined he ofte ,to ben defet1 and pale1 and waxen lesse ,than he was wont1 and that men seyde softe1 ',what may it be8 who can the sothe gesse #fbj ,why ,troilus hath al this hevinesse8' ,and al this nas but his malencolye1 ,that he hadde of him-self swich fantasye4 #ij4 ,another tyme imaginen he wolde ,that every wight that wente by the weye #fbe ,had of him routhe1 and that they seyen sholde1 ',i am right sory ,troilus wol deye4' ,and thus he droof a day yet forth or tweye4 ,as ye have herd1 swich lyf right gan he lede1 ,as he that stood bitwixen hope and drede4 #fcj #ia4 ,for which him lyked in his songes shewe ,thencheson of his wo1 as he best mighte1 ,and make a song of wordes but a fewe1 ,somwhat his woful herte for to lighte4 ,and whan he was from every mannes sighte1 #fce ,with softe voys he1 of his lady dere1 ,that was absent1 gan singe as ye may here4 #ib4 ',o sterre1 of which ,i lost have al the light1 ,with herte soor wel oughte ,i to bewayle1 ,that ever derk in torment1 night by night1 #fdj ,toward my deeth with wind in stere ,i sayle2 ,for which the tenthe night if that ,i fayle ,the gyding of thy bemes brighte an houre1 ,my ship and me ,caribdis wol devoure4' #ic4 ,this song when he thus songen hadde1 sone #fde ,he fil ayein in-to his sykes olde2 ,and every night1 as was his wone to done1 ,he stood the brighte mone to beholde1 ,and al his sorwe he to the mone tolde2 ,and seyde1 'y-wis1 whan thou art horned newe1 #fej ,i shal be glad1 if al the world be trewe6 #id4 ,i saugh thyn hornes olde eek by the morwe1 ,whan hennes rood my righte lady dere1 ,that cause is of my torment and my sorwe2 ,for whiche1 ,o brighte ,lucina the clere1 #fee ,for love of god1 ren faste aboute thy spere6 ,for whan thyn hornes newe ginne springe1 ,than shal she come1 that may my blisse bringe6' #ie4 ,the day is more1 and lenger every night1 ,than they be wont to be1 him thoughte tho2 #ffj ,and that the sonne wente his course unright ,by lenger wey than it was wont to go2 ,and seyde1 'y-wis1 me dredeth ever-mo1 ,the sonnes sone1 ,pheton1 be on-lyve1 ,and that his fadres cart amis he dryve4' #ffe #if4 ,upon the walles faste eek wolde he walke1 ,and on the ,grekes ost he wolde see1 ,and to him-self right thus he wolde talke1 ',lo1 yonder is myn owene lady free1 ,or elles yonder1 ther tho tentes be6 #fgj ,and thennes comth this eyr1 that is so sote1 ,that in my soule ,i fele it doth me bote4 #ig4 ,and hardely this wind1 that more and more ,thus stoundemele encreseth in my face1 ,is of my ladyes depe sykes sore4 #fge ,i preve it thus1 for in non othere place ,of al this toun1 save onliche in this space1 ,fele ,i no wind that souneth so lyk peyne2 ,it seyth1 allas6 why twinned be we tweyne8' #ih4 ,this longe tyme he dryveth forth right thus1 #fhj ,til fully passed was the nynthe night2 ,and ay bi-syde him was this ,pandarus1 ,that bisily dide alle his fulle might ,him to comforte1 and make his herte light2 ,yevinge him hope alwey1 the tenthe morwe #fhe ,that she shal come1 and stinten al his sorwe4 #ii4 ,up-on that other syde eek was ,criseyde1 ,with wommen fewe1 among the ,grekes stronge2 ,for which ful ofte a day 'allas6' she seyde1 ',that ,i was born6 ,wel may myn herte longe #fij ,after my deeth2 for now live ,i to longe6 ,allas6 and ,i ne may it not amende2 ,for now is wors than ever yet ,i wende4 #ajj4 ,my fader nil for no-thing do me grace ,to goon ayein1 for nought ,i can him queme2 #fie ,and if so be that ,i my terme passe1 ,my ,troilus shal in his herte deme ,that ,i am fals1 and so it may wel seme4 ,thus shal ,i have unthank on every syde2 ,that ,i was born1 so weylawey the tyde6 #gjj #aja4 ,and if that ,i me putte in ,iupartye1 ,to stele awey by nighte1 and it bifalle ,that ,i be caught1 ,i shal be holde a spye2 ,or elles1 lo1 this drede ,i most of alle1 ,if in the hondes of som wrecche ,i falle1 #gje ,i am but lost1 al be myn herte trewe2 ,now mighty god1 thou on my sorwe rewe6' #ajb4 ,ful pale y-waxen was hir brighte face1 ,hir limes lene1 as she that al the day ,stood whan she dorste1 and loked on the place #gaj ,ther she was born1 and ther she dwelt hadde ay4 ,and al the night wepinge1 allas6 she lay4 ,and thus despeired1 out of alle cure1 ,she ladde hir lyf1 this woful creature4 #ajc4 ,ful ofte a day she sighte eek for destresse1 #gae ,and in hir-self she wente ay portrayinge ,of ,troilus the grete worthinesse1 ,and alle his goodly wordes recordinge ,sin first that day hir love bigan to springe4 ,and thus she sette hir woful herte a-fyre #gbj ,thorugh remembraunce of that she gan desyre4 #ajd4 ,in al this world ther nis so cruel herte ,that hir hadde herd compleynen in hir sorwe1 ,that nolde han wopen for hir peynes smerte1 ,so tendrely she weep1 bothe eve and morwe4 #gbe ,hir nedede no teres for to borwe4 ,and this was yet the worste of al hir peyne1 ,ther was no wight to whom she dorste hir pleyne4 #aje4 ,ful rewfully she loked up-on ,troye1 ,biheld the toures heighe and eek the halles2 #gcj ',allas6' quod she1 'the plesaunce and the ,ioye ,the whiche that now al torned in-to galle is1 ,have ,i had ofte with-inne yonder walles6 ,o ,troilus1 what dostow now1' she seyde2 ',lord6 whether yet thou thenke up-on ,criseyde8 #gce #ajf4 ,allas6 ,i ne hadde trowed on your lore1 ,and went with yow1 as ye me radde er this6 ,thanne hadde ,i now not syked half so sore4 ,who mighte have seyd1 that ,i had doon a-mis ,to stele awey with swich on as he is8 #gdj ,but al to late cometh the letuarie1 ,whan men the cors un-to the grave carie4 #ajg4 ,to late is now to speke of this matere2 ,prudence1 allas6 oon of thyn eyen three ,me lakked alwey1 er that ,i cam here2 #gde ,on tyme y-passed1 wel remembred me2 ,and present tyme eek coude ,i wel y-see4 ,but futur tyme1 er ,i was in the snare1 ,coude ,i not seen2 that causeth now my care4 #ajh4 ,but natheles1 bityde what bityde1 #gej ,i shal to-morwe at night1 by est or weste1 ,out of this ost stele on som maner syde1 ,and go with ,troilus wher-as him leste4 ,this purpos wol ,i holde1 and this is beste4 ,no fors of wikked tonges ,ianglerye1 #gee ,for ever on love han wrecches had envye4 #aji4 ,for who-so wole of every word take hede1 ,or rewlen him by every wightes wit1 ,ne shal he never thryven1 out of drede4 ,for that that som men blamen ever yit1 #gfj ,lo1 other maner folk commenden it4 ,and as for me1 for al swich variaunce1 ,felicitee clepe ,i my suffisaunce4 #aaj4 ,for which1 with-outen any wordes mo1 ,to ,troye ,i wol1 as for conclusioun4' #gfe ,but god it wot1 er fully monthes two1 ,she was ful fer fro that entencioun4 ,for bothe ,troilus and ,troye toun ,shal knotteles through-out hir herte slyde2 ,for she wol take a purpos for tabyde4 #ggj #aaa4 ,this ,diomede1 of whom yow telle ,i gan1 ,goth now1 with-inne him-self ay arguinge ,with al the sleighte and al that ever he can1 ,how he may best1 with shortest taryinge1 ,in-to his net ,criseydes herte bringe4 #gge ,to this entente he coude never fyne2 ,to fisshen hir1 he leyde out hook and lyne4 #aab4 ,but natheles1 wel in his herte he thoughte1 ,that she nas nat with-oute a love in ,troye4 ,for never1 sithen he hir thennes broughte1 #ghj ,ne coude he seen her laughe or make ,ioye4 ,he niste how best hir herte for tacoye4 ',but for to assaye1' he seyde1 'it nought ne greveth2 ,for he that nought nassayeth1 nought nacheveth4' #aac4 ,yet seide he to him-self upon a night1 #ghe ',now am ,i not a fool1 that woot wel how ,hir wo for love is of another wight1 ,and here-up-on to goon assaye hir now8 ,i may wel wite1 it nil not been my prow4 ,for wyse folk in bokes it expresse1 #gij ,men shal not wowe a wight in hevinesse4 #aad4 ,but who-so mighte winnen swich a flour ,from him1 for whom she morneth night and day1 ,he mighte seyn1 he were a conquerour4' ,and right anoon1 as he that bold was ay1 #gie ,thoughte in his herte1 'happe1 how happe may1 ,al sholde ,i deye1 ,i wole hir herte seche2 ,i shal no more lesen but my speche4' #aae4 ,this ,diomede1 as bokes us declare1 ,was in his nedes prest and corageous2 #hjj ,with sterne voys and mighty limes square1 ,hardy1 testif1 strong1 and chevalrous ,of dedes1 lyk his fader ,tideus4 ,and som men seyn1 he was of tunge large2 ,and heir he was of ,calidoine and ,arge4 #hje #aaf4 ,criseyde mene was of hir stature1 ,ther-to of shap1 of face1 and eek of chere1 ,ther mighte been no fairer creature4 ,and ofte tyme this was hir manere1 ,to gon y-tressed with hir heres clere #haj ,doun by hir coler at hir bak bihinde1 ,which with a threde of gold she wolde binde4 #aag4 ,and1 save hir browes ioyneden y-fere1 ,ther nas no lak1 in ought ,i can espyen2 ,but for to speken of hir eyen clere1 #hae ,lo1 trewely1 they writen that hir syen1 ,that ,paradys stood formed in hir yn4 ,and with hir riche beautee ever-more ,strof love in hir1 ay which of hem was more4 #aah4 ,she sobre was1 eek simple1 and wys with-al1 #hbj ,the beste y-norisshed eek that mighte be1 ,and goodly of hir speche in general1 ,charitable1 estatliche1 lusty1 and free2 ,ne never-mo ne lakkede hir pitee2 ,tendre-herted1 slydinge of corage2 #hbe ,but trewely1 ,i can not telle hir age4 #aai4 ,and ,troilus wel waxen was in highte1 ,and complet formed by proporcioun ,so wel1 that kinde it not amenden mighte2 ,yong1 fresshe1 strong1 and hardy as lyoun2 #hcj ,trewe as steel in ech condicioun2 ,on of the beste enteched creature1 ,that is1 or shal1 whyl that the world may dure4 #abj4 ,and certainly in storie it is y-founde1 ,that ,troilus was never un-to no wight1 #hce ,as in his tyme1 in no degree secounde ,in durring don that longeth to a knight4 ,al mighte a geaunt passen him of might1 ,his herte ay with the firste and with the beste ,stod paregal1 to durre don that him leste4 #hdj #aba4 ,but for to tellen forth of ,diomede3-- ,it fil that after1 on the tenthe day1 ,sin that ,criseyde out of the citee yede1 ,this ,diomede1 as fresshe as braunche in ,may1 ,com to the tente ther-as ,calkas lay1 #hde ,and feyned him with ,calkas han to done2 ,but what he mente1 ,i shal yow telle sone4 #abb4 ,criseyde1 at shorte wordes for to telle1 ,welcomed him1 and doun by hir him sette2 ,and he was ethe y-nough to maken dwelle4 #hej ,and after this1 with-outen longe lette1 ,the spyces and the wyn men forth hem fette2 ,and forth they speke of this and that y-fere1 ,as freendes doon1 of which som shal ye here4 #abc4 ,he gan first fallen of the werre in speche #hee ,bitwixe hem and the folk of ,troye toun2 ,and of thassege he gan hir eek byseche1 ,to telle him what was hir opinioun4 ,fro that demaunde he so descendeth doun ,to asken hir1 if that hir straunge thoughte #hfj ,the ,grekes gyse1 and werkes that they wroughte8 #abd4 ,and why hir fader tarieth so longe ,to wedden hir un-to som worthy wight8 ,criseyde1 that was in hir peynes stronge ,for love of ,troilus1 hir owene knight1 #hfe ,as fer-forth as she conning hadde or might1 ,answerde him tho2 but1 as of his entente1 ,it semed not she wiste what he mente4 #abe4 ,but natheles1 this ilke ,diomede ,gan in him-self assure1 and thus he seyde1 #hgj ',if ich aright have taken of yow hede1 ,me thinketh thus1 ,o lady myn1 ,criseyde1 ,that sin ,i first hond on your brydel leyde1 ,whan ye out come of ,troye by the morwe1 ,ne coude ,i never seen yow but in sorwe4 #hge #abf4 ,can ,i not seyn what may the cause be ,but-if for love of som ,troyan it were1 ,the which right sore wolde athinken me ,that ye1 for any wight that dwelleth there1 ,sholden spille a quarter of a tere1 #hhj ,or pitously your-selven so bigyle2 ,for dredelees1 it is nought worth the whyle4 #abg4 ,the folk of ,troye1 as who seyth1 alle and some ,in preson been1 as ye your-selven see2 ,for thennes shal not oon on-lyve come #hhe ,for al the gold bitwixen sonne and see4 ,trusteth wel1 and understondeth me1 ,ther shal not oon to mercy goon on-lyve1 ,al were he lord of worldes twys fyve6 #abh4 ,swich wreche on hem1 for fecching of ,eleyne1 #hij ,ther shal be take1 er that we hennes wende1 ,that ,manes1 which that goddes ben of peyne1 ,shal been agast that ,grekes wol hem shende4 ,and men shul drede1 un-to the worldes ende1 ,from hennes-forth to ravisshe any quene1 #hie ,so cruel shal our wreche on hem be sene4 #abi4 ,and but-if ,calkas lede us with ambages1 ,that is to seyn1 with double wordes slye1 ,swich as men clepe a word with two visages1 ,ye shul wel knowen that ,i nought ne lye1 #ijj ,and al this thing right seen it with your y1 ,and that anoon2 ye nil not trowe how sone2 ,now taketh heed1 for it is for to done4 #acj4 ,what wene ye your wyse fader wolde ,han yeven ,antenor for yow anoon1 #ije ,if he ne wiste that the citee sholde ,destroyed been8 ,why1 nay1 so mote ,i goon6 ,he knew ful wel ther shal not scapen oon ,that ,troyan is2 and for the grete fere1 ,he dorste not1 ye dwelte lenger there4 #iaj #aca4 ,what wole ye more1 lufsom lady dere8 ,lat ,troye and ,troyan fro your herte pace6 ,dryf out that bittre hope1 and make good chere1 ,and clepe ayein the beautee of your face1 ,that ye with salte teres so deface4 #iae ,for ,troye is brought in swich a ,iupartye1 ,that1 it to save1 is now no remedye4 #acb4 ,and thenketh wel1 ye shal in ,grekes finde1 ,a more parfit love1 er it be night1 ,than any ,troyan is1 and more kinde1 #ibj ,and bet to serven yow wol doon his might4 ,and if ye vouche sauf1 my lady bright1 ,i wol ben he to serven yow my-selve1 ,ye1 lever than be lord of ,greces twelve6' #acc4 ,and with that word he gan to waxen reed1 #ibe ,and in his speche a litel wight he quook1 ,and caste a-syde a litel wight his heed1 ,and stinte a whyle2 and afterward awook1 ,and sobreliche on hir he threw his look1 ,and seyde1 ',i am1 al be it yow no ,ioye1 #icj ,as gentil man as any wight in ,troye4 #acd4 ,for if my fader ,tydeus1' he seyde1 ',y-lived hadde1 ,i hadde been1 er this1 ,of ,calidoine and ,arge a king1 ,criseyde6 ,and so hope ,i that ,i shal yet1 y-wis4 #ice ,but he was slayn1 allas6 the more harm is1 ,unhappily at ,thebes al to rathe1 ,polymites and many a man to scathe4 #ace4 ,but herte myn1 sin that ,i am your man1 ,and been the ferste of whom ,i seche grace1 #idj ,to serven you as hertely as ,i can1 ,and ever shal1 whyl ,i to live have space1 ,so1 er that ,i departe out of this place1 ,ye wol me graunte1 that ,i may to-morwe1 ,at bettre leyser1 telle yow my sorwe4' #ide #acf4 ,what shold ,i telle his wordes that he seyde8 ,he spak y-now1 for o day at the meste2 ,it preveth wel1 he spak so that ,criseyde ,graunted1 on the morwe1 at his requeste1 ,for to speken with him at the leste1 #iej ,so that he nolde speke of swich matere2 ,and thus to him she seyde1 as ye may here3 #acg4 ,as she that hadde hir herte on ,troilus ,so faste1 that ther may it noon arace2 ,and straungely she spak1 and seyde thus3 #iee ',o ,diomede1 ,i love that ilke place ,ther ,i was born2 and ,ioves1 for his grace1 ,delivere it sone of al that doth it care6 ,god1 for thy might1 so leve it wel to fare6 #ach4 ,that ,grekes wolde hir wraththe on ,troye wreke1 #ifj ,if that they mighte1 ,i knowe it wel1 y-wis4 ,but it shal not bifallen as ye speke2 ,and god to-forn1 and ferther over this1 ,i wot my fader wys and redy is2 ,and that he me hath bought1 as ye me tolde1 #ife ,so dere1 ,i am the more un-to him holde4 #aci4 ,that ,grekes been of heigh condicioun1 ,i woot eek wel2 but certein1 men shal finde ,as worthy folk with-inne ,troye toun1 ,as conning1 and as parfit and as kinde1 #igj ,as been bitwixen ,orcades and ,inde4 ,and that ye coude wel your lady serve1 ,i trowe eek wel1 hir thank for to deserve4 #adj4 ,but as to speke of love1 y-wis1' she seyde1 ',i hadde a lord1 to whom ,i wedded was1 #ige ,the whos myn herte al was1 til that he deyde2 ,and other love1 as helpe me now ,pallas1 ,ther in myn herte nis1 ne never was4 ,and that ye been of noble and heigh kinrede1 ,i have wel herd it tellen1 out of drede4 #ihj #ada4 ,and that doth me to han so gret a wonder1 ,that ye wol scornen any womman so4 ,eek1 god wot1 love and ,i be fer a-sonder2 ,i am disposed bet1 so mote ,i go1 ,un-to my deeth1 to pleyne and maken wo4 #ihe ,what ,i shal after doon1 ,i can not seye2 ,but trewely1 as yet me list not pleye4 #adb4 ,myn herte is now in tribulacioun1 ,and ye in armes bisy1 day by day4 ,here-after1 whan ye wonnen han the toun1 #iij ,paraunter1 thanne so it happen may1 ,that whan ,i see that ,i never er say1 ,than wole ,i werke that ,i never wroughte6 ,this word to yow y-nough suffysen oughte4 #adc4 ,to-morwe eek wol ,i speke with yow fayn1 #iie ,so that ye touchen nought of this matere4 ,and whan yow list1 ye may come here ayeyn2 ,and1 er ye gon1 thus muche ,i seye yow here3 ,as helpe me ,pallas with hir heres clere1 ,if that ,i sholde of any ,greek han routhe1 #ajjj ,it sholde be your-selven1 by my trouthe6 #add4 ,i sey not therfore that ,i wol yow love1 ,ne ,i sey not nay1 but in conclusioun1 ,i mene wel1 by god that sit above3'-- ,and ther-with-al she caste hir eyen doun1 #ajje ,and gan to syke1 and seyde1 ',o ,troye toun1 ,yet bidde ,i god1 in quiete and in reste ,i may yow seen1 or do myn herte breste4' #ade4 ,but in effect1 and shortly for to seye1 ,this ,diomede al freshly newe ayeyn #ajaj ,gan pressen on1 and faste hir mercy preye2 ,and after this1 the sothe for to seyn1 ,hir glove he took1 of which he was ful fayn4 ,and fynally1 whan it was waxen eve1 ,and al was wel1 he roos and took his leve4 #ajae #adf4 ,the brighte ,venus folwede and ay taughte ,the wey1 ther brode ,phebus doun alighte2 ,and ,cynthea hir char-hors over-raughte ,to whirle out of the ,lyon1 if she mighte2 ,and ,signifer his candeles shewed brighte1 #ajbj ,whan that ,criseyde un-to hir bedde wente ,in-with hir fadres faire brighte tente4 #adg4 ,retorning in hir soule ay up and doun ,the wordes of this sodein ,diomede1 ,his greet estat1 and peril of the toun1 #ajbe ,and that she was allone and hadde nede ,of freendes help2 and thus bigan to brede ,the cause why1 the sothe for to telle1 ,that she tok fully purpos for to dwelle4 #adh4 ,the morwe com1 and goostly for to speke1 #ajcj ,this ,diomede is come un-to ,criseyde1 ,and shortly1 lest that ye my tale breke1 ,so wel he for him-selve spak and seyde1 ,that alle hir sykes sore adoun he leyde4 ,and fynally1 the sothe for to seyne1 #ajce ,he refte hir of the grete of al hir peyne4 #adi4 ,and after this the story telleth us1 ,that she him yaf the faire baye stede1 ,the which he ones wan of ,troilus2 ,and eek a broche 7and that was litel nede7 #ajdj ,that ,troilus was1 she yaf this ,diomede4 ,and eek1 the bet from sorwe him to releve1 ,she made him were a pencel of hir sleve4 #aej4 ,i finde eek in the stories elles-where1 ,whan through the body hurt was ,diomede #ajde ,of ,troilus1 tho weep she many a tere1 ,whan that she saugh his wyde woundes blede2 ,and that she took to kepen him good hede1 ,and for to hele him of his sorwes smerte4 ,men seyn1 ,i not1 that she yaf him hir herte4 #ajej #aea4 ,but trewely1 the story telleth us1 ,ther made never womman more wo ,than she1 whan that she falsed ,troilus4 ,she seyde1 'allas6 for now is clene a-go ,my name of trouthe in love1 for ever-mo6 #ajee ,for ,i have falsed oon1 the gentileste ,that ever was1 and oon the worthieste6 #aeb4 ,allas1 of me1 un-to the worldes ende1 ,shal neither been y-writen nor y-songe ,no good word1 for thise bokes wol me shende4 #ajfj ,o1 rolled shal ,i been on many a tonge2 ,through-out the world my belle shal be ronge2 ,and wommen most wol hate me of alle4 ,allas1 that swich a cas me sholde falle6 #aec4 ,they wol seyn1 in as muche as in me is1 #ajfe ,i have hem don dishonour1 weylawey6 ,al be ,i not the firste that dide amis1 ,what helpeth that to do my blame awey8 ,but sin ,i see there is no bettre way1 ,and that to late is now for me to rewe1 #ajgj ,to ,diomede algate ,i wol be trewe4 #aed4 ,but ,troilus1 sin ,i no better may1 ,and sin that thus departen ye and ,i1 ,yet preye ,i god1 so yeve yow right good day ,as for the gentileste1 trewely1 #ajge ,that ever ,i say1 to serven feithfully1 ,and best can ay his lady honour kepe3'-- ,and with that word she brast anon to wepe4 #aee4 ',and certes1 yow ne haten shal ,i never1 ,and freendes love1 that shal ye han of me1 #ajhj ,and my good word1 al mighte ,i liven ever4 ,and1 trewely1 ,i wolde sory be ,for to seen yow in adversitee4 ,and giltelees1 ,i woot wel1 ,i yow leve2 ,but al shal passe2 and thus take ,i my leve4' #ajhe #aef4 ,but trewely1 how longe it was bitwene1 ,that she for-sook him for this ,diomede1 ,ther is non auctor telleth it1 ,i wene4 ,take every man now to his bokes hede2 ,he shal no terme finden1 out of drede4 #ajij ,for though that he bigan to wowe hir sone1 ,er he hir wan1 yet was ther more to done4 #aeg4 ,ne me ne list this sely womman chyde ,ferther than the story wol devyse4 ,hir name1 allas6 is publisshed so wyde1 #ajie ,that for hir gilt it oughte y-now suffyse4 ,and if ,i mighte excuse hir any wyse1 ,for she so sory was for hir untrouthe1 ,y-wis1 ,i wolde excuse hir yet for routhe4 #aeh4 ,this ,troilus1 as ,i biforn have told1 #aajj ,thus dryveth forth1 as wel as he hath might4 ,but often was his herte hoot and cold1 ,and namely1 that ilke nynthe night1 ,which on the morwe she hadde him byhight ,to come ayein3 god wot1 ful litel reste #aaje ,hadde he that night2 no-thing to slepe him leste4 #aei4 ,the laurer-crouned ,phebus1 with his hete1 ,gan1 in his course ay upward as he wente1 ,to warmen of the est see the wawes wete2 ,and ,nisus doughter song with fresh entente1 #aaaj ,whan ,troilus his ,pandare after sente2 ,and on the walles of the toun they pleyde1 ,to loke if they can seen ought of ,criseyde4 #afj4 ,til it was noon1 they stoden for to see ,who that ther come2 and every maner wight1 #aaae ,that cam fro fer1 they seyden it was she1 ,til that they coude knowen him a-right4 ,now was his herte dul1 now was it light2 ,and thus by-iaped stonden for to stare ,aboute nought1 this ,troilus and ,pandare4 #aabj #afa4 ,to ,pandarus this ,troilus tho seyde1 ',for ought ,i wot1 bi-for noon1 sikerly1 ,in-to this toun ne comth nought here ,criseyde4 ,she hath y-now to done1 hardily1 ,to winnen from hir fader1 so trowe ,i2 #aabe ,hir olde fader wol yet make hir dyne ,er that she go2 god yeve his herte pyne6' #afb4 ,pandare answerde1 'it may wel be1 certeyn2 ,and for-thy lat us dyne1 ,i thee biseche2 ,and after noon than mayst thou come ayeyn4' #aacj ,and hoom they go1 with-oute more speche2 ,and comen ayein1 but longe may they seche ,er that they finde that they after cape2 ,fortune hem bothe thenketh for to ,iape4 #afc4 ,quod ,troilus1 ',i see wel now1 that she #aace ,is taried with hir olde fader so1 ,that er she come1 it wol neigh even be4 ,com forth1 ,i wol un-to the yate go4 ,thise portours been unkonninge ever-mo2 ,and ,i wol doon hem holden up the yate #aadj ,as nought ne were1 al-though she come late4' #afd4 ,the day goth faste1 and after that comth eve1 ,and yet com nought to ,troilus ,criseyde4 ,he loketh forth by hegge1 by tree1 by greve1 ,and fer his heed over the wal he leyde4 #aade ,and at the laste he torned him1 and seyde1 ',by god1 ,i woot hir mening now1 ,pandare6 ,al-most1 y-wis1 al newe was my care4 #afe4 ,now douteles1 this lady can hir good2 ,i woot1 she meneth ryden prively4 #aaej ,i comende hir wysdom1 by myn hood6 ,she wol not maken peple nycely ,gaure on hir1 whan she comth2 but softely ,by nighte in-to the toun she thenketh ryde4 ,and1 dere brother1 thenk not longe to abyde4 #aaee #aff4 ,we han nought elles for to don1 y-wis4 ,and ,pandarus1 now woltow trowen me8 ,have here my trouthe1 ,i see hir6 yond she is4 ,heve up thyn eyen1 man6 maystow not see8' ,pandare answerde1 'nay1 so mote ,i thee6 #aafj ,al wrong1 by god2 what seystow1 man1 wher art8 ,that ,i see yond nis but a fare-cart4' #afg4 ',allas1 thou seist right sooth1' quod ,troilus2 ',but hardely1 it is not al for nought ,that in myn herte ,i now reioyse thus4 #aafe ,it is ayein som good ,i have a thought4 ,noot ,i not how1 but sin that ,i was wrought1 ,ne felte ,i swich a confort1 dar ,i seye2 ,she comth to-night1 my lyf1 that dorste ,i leye6' #afh4 ,pandare answerde1 'it may be wel1 y-nough'2 #aagj ,and held with him of al that ever he seyde2 ,but in his herte he thoughte1 and softe lough1 ,and to him-self ful sobrely he seyde3 ',from hasel-wode1 ther ,ioly ,robin pleyde1 ,shal come al that that thou abydest here2 #aage ,ye1 fare-wel al the snow of ferne yere6' #afi4 ,the wardein of the yates gan to calle ,the folk which that with-oute the yates were1 ,and bad hem dryven in hir bestes alle1 ,or al the night they moste bleven there4 #aahj ,and fer with-in the night1 with many a tere1 ,this ,troilus gan hoomward for to ryde2 ,for wel he seeth it helpeth nought tabyde4 #agj4 ,but natheles1 he gladded him in this2 ,he thoughte he misacounted hadde his day1 #aahe ,and seyde1 ',i understonde have al a-mis4 ,for thilke night ,i last ,criseyde say1 ,she seyde1 ,i shal ben here1 if that ,i may1 ,er that the mone1 ,o dere herte swete6 ,the ,lyon passe1 out of this ,ariete4 #aaij #aga4 ,for which she may yet holde al hir biheste4' ,and on the morwe un-to the yate he wente1 ,and up and down1 by west and eek by este1 ,up-on the walles made he many a wente4 ,but al for nought2 his hope alwey him blente2 #aaie ,for which at night1 in sorwe and sykes sore ,he wente him hoom1 with-outen any more4 #agb4 ,this hope al clene out of his herte fledde1 ,he nath wher-on now lenger for to honge2 ,but for the peyne him thoughte his herte bledde1 #abjj ,so were his throwes sharpe and wonder stronge4 ,for when he saugh that she abood so longe1 ,he niste what he iuggen of it mighte1 ,sin she hath broken that she him bihighte4 #agc4 ,the thridde1 ferthe1 fifte1 sixte day #abje ,after tho dayes ten1 of which ,i tolde1 ,bitwixen hope and drede his herte lay1 ,yet som-what trustinge on hir hestes olde4 ,but whan he saugh she nolde hir terme holde1 ,he can now seen non other remedye1 #abaj ,but for to shape him sone for to dye4 #agd4 ,ther-with the wikked spirit1 god us blesse1 ,which that men clepeth wode ,ialousye1 ,gan in him crepe1 in al this hevinesse2 ,for which1 by-cause he wolde sone dye1 #abae ,he ne eet ne dronk1 for his malencolye1 ,and eek from every companye he fledde2 ,this was the lyf that al the tyme he ledde4 #age4 ,he so defet was1 that no maner man ,unnethe mighte him knowe ther he wente2 #abbj ,so was he lene1 and ther-to pale and wan1 ,and feble1 that he walketh by potente2 ,and with his ire he thus him-selven shente4 ,and who-so axed him wher-of him smerte1 ,he seyde1 his harm was al aboute his herte4 #abbe #agf4 ,pryam ful ofte1 and eek his moder dere1 ,his bretheren and his sustren gonne him freyne ,why he so sorwful was in al his chere1 ,and what thing was the cause of al his peyne8 ,but al for nought2 he nolde his cause pleyne1 #abcj ,but seyde1 he felte a grevous maladye ,a-boute his herte1 and fayn he wolde dye4 #agg4 ,so on a day he leyde him doun to slepe1 ,and so bifel that in his sleep him thoughte1 ,that in a forest faste he welk to wepe #abce ,for love of hir that him these peynes wroughte2 ,and up and doun as he the forest soughte1 ,he mette he saugh a boor with tuskes grete1 ,that sleep ayein the brighte sonnes hete4 #agh4 ,and by this boor1 faste in his armes folde1 #abdj ,lay kissing ay his lady bright ,criseyde3 ,for sorwe of which1 whan he it gan biholde1 ,and for despyt1 out of his slepe he breyde1 ,and loude he cryde on ,pandarus1 and seyde1 ',o ,pandarus1 now knowe ,i crop and rote6 #abde ,i nam but deed1 ther nis non other bote6 #agi4 ,my lady bright ,criseyde hath me bitrayed1 ,in whom ,i trusted most of any wight1 ,she elles-where hath now hir herte apayed2 ,the blisful goddes1 through hir grete might1 #abej ,han in my dreem y-shewed it ful right4 ,thus in my dreem ,criseyde ,i have biholde'-- ,and al this thing to ,pandarus he tolde4 #ahj4 ',o my ,criseyde1 allas6 what subtiltee1 ,what newe lust1 what beautee1 what science1 #abee ,what wratthe of iuste cause have ye to me8 ,what gilt of me1 whal fel experience ,hath fro me raft1 allas6 thyn advertence8 ,o trust1 ,o feyth1 ,o depe asuraunce1 ,who hath me reft ,criseyde1 al my plesaunce8 #abfj #aha4 ,allas6 why leet ,i you from hennes go1 ,for which wel neigh out of my wit ,i breyde8 ,who shal now trowe on any othes mo8 ,god wot ,i wende1 ,o lady bright1 ,criseyde1 ,that every word was gospel that ye seyde6 #abfe ,but who may bet bigylen1 if him liste1 ,than he on whom men weneth best to triste8 #ahb4 ,what shal ,i doon1 my ,pandarus1 allas6 ,i fele now so sharpe a newe peyne1 ,sin that ther is no remedie in this cas1 #abgj ,that bet were it ,i with myn hondes tweyne ,my-selven slow1 than alwey thus to pleyne4 ,for through my deeth my wo sholde han an ende1 ,ther every day with lyf my-self ,i shende4' #ahc4 ,pandare answerde and seyde1 'allas the whyle #abge ,that ,i was born2 have ,i not seyd er this1 ,that dremes many a maner man bigyle8 ,and why8 for folk expounden hem a-mis4 ,how darstow seyn that fals thy lady is1 ,for any dreem1 right for thyn owene drede8 #abhj ,lat be this thought1 thou canst no dremes rede4 #ahd4 ,paraunter1 ther thou dremest of this boor1 ,it may so be that it may signifye ,hir fader1 which that old is and eek hoor1 ,ayein the sonne lyth1 on poynt to dye1 #abhe ,and she for sorwe ginneth wepe and crye1 ,and kisseth him1 ther he lyth on the grounde2 ,thus shuldestow thy dreem a-right expounde4' #ahe4 ',how mighte ,i thanne do8' quod ,troilus1 ',to knowe of this1 ye1 were it never so lyte8' #abij ',now seystow wysly1' quod this ,pandarus1 ',my reed is this1 sin thou canst wel endyte1 ,that hastely a lettre thou hir wryte1 ,thorugh which thou shalt wel bringen it aboute1 ,to knowe a sooth of that thou art in doute4 #abie #ahf4 ,and see now why2 for this ,i dar wel seyn1 ,that if so is that she untrewe be1 ,i can not trowe that she wol wryte ayeyn4 ,and if she wryte1 thou shalt ful sone see1 ,as whether she hath any libertee #acjj ,to come ayein1 or elles in som clause1 ,if she be let1 she wol assigne a cause4 #ahg4 ,thou hast not writen hir sin that she wente1 ,nor she to thee1 and this ,i dorste leye1 ,ther may swich cause been in hir entente1 #acje ,that hardely thou wolt thy-selven seye1 ,that hir a-bood the beste is for yow tweye4 ,now wryte hir thanne1 and thou shalt fele sone ,a sothe of al2 ther is no more to done4' #ahh4 ,acorded been to this conclusioun1 #acaj ,and that anoon1 these ilke lordes two2 ,and hastely sit ,troilus adoun1 ,and rolleth in his herte to and fro1 ,how he may best discryven hir his wo4 ,and to ,criseyde1 his owene lady dere1 #acae ,he wroot right thus1 and seyde as ye may here4 #ahi4 ',right fresshe flour1 whos ,i have been and shal1 ,with-outen part of elles-where servyse1 ,with herte1 body1 lyf1 lust1 thought1 and al2 ,i1 woful wight1 in every humble wyse #acbj ,that tonge telle or herte may devyse1 ,as ofte as matere occupyeth place1 ,me recomaunde un-to your noble grace4 #aij4 ,lyketh it yow to witen1 swete herte1 ,as ye wel knowe how longe tyme agoon #acbe ,that ye me lafte in aspre peynes smerte1 ,whan that ye wente1 of which yet bote noon ,have ,i non had1 but ever wers bigoon ,fro day to day am ,i1 and so mot dwelle1 ,while it yow list1 of wele and wo my welle6 #accj #aia4 ,for which to yow1 with dredful herte trewe1 ,i wryte1 as he that sorwe dryfth to wryte1 ,my wo1 that every houre encreseth newe1 ,compleyninge as ,i dar or can endyte4 ,and that defaced is1 that may ye wyte #acce ,the teres1 which that fro myn eyen reyne1 ,that wolde speke1 if that they coude1 and pleyne4 #aib4 ,yow first biseche ,i1 that your eyen clere ,to look on this defouled ye not holde2 ,and over al this1 that ye1 my lady dere1 #acdj ,wol vouche-sauf this lettre to biholde4 ,and by the cause eek of my cares colde1 ,that sleeth my wit1 if ought amis me asterte1 ,for-yeve it me1 myn owene swete herte4 #aic4 ,if any servant dorste or oughte of right #acde ,up-on his lady pitously compleyne1 ,than wene ,i1 that ich oughte be that wight1 ,considered this1 that ye these monthes tweyne ,han taried1 ther ye seyden1 sooth to seyne1 ,but dayes ten ye nolde in ost soiourne1 #acej ,but in two monthes yet ye not retourne4 #aid4 ,but for-as-muche as me mot nedes lyke ,al that yow list1 ,i dar not pleyne more1 ,but humbely with sorwful sykes syke2 ,yow wryte ich myn unresty sorwes sore1 #acee ,fro day to day desyring ever-more ,to knowen fully1 if your wil it were1 ,how ye han ferd and doon1 whyl ye be there4 #aie4 ,the whos wel-fare and hele eek god encresse ,in honour swich1 that upward in degree #acfj ,it growe alwey1 so that it never cesse2 ,right as your herte ay can1 my lady free1 ,devyse1 ,i prey to god so mote it be4 ,and graunte it that ye sone up-on me rewe ,as wisly as in al ,i am yow trewe4 #acfe #aif4 ,and if yow lyketh knowen of the fare ,of me1 whos wo ther may no wight discryve1 ,i can no more but1 cheste of every care1 ,at wrytinge of this lettre ,i was on-lyve1 ,al redy out my woful gost to dryve2 #acgj ,which ,i delaye1 and holde him yet in honde1 ,upon the sight of matere of your sonde4 #aig4 ,myn eyen two1 in veyn with which ,i see1 ,of sorweful teres salte arn waxen welles2 ,my song1 in pleynte of myn adversitee2 #acge ,my good1 in harm2 myn ese eek waxen helle is4 ,my ,ioye1 in wo2 ,i can sey yow nought elles1 ,but turned is1 for which my lyf ,i warie1 ,everich ,ioye or ese in his contrarie4 #aih4 ,which with your cominge hoom ayein to ,troye #achj ,ye may redresse1 and1 more a thousand sythe ,than ever ich hadde1 encressen in me ,ioye4 ,for was ther never herte yet so blythe ,to han his lyf1 as ,i shal been as swythe ,as ,i yow see2 and1 though no maner routhe #ache ,commeve yow1 yet thinketh on your trouthe4 #aii4 ,and if so be my gilt hath deeth deserved1 ,or if you list no more up-on me see1 ,in guerdon yet of that ,i have you served1 ,biseche ,i yow1 myn hertes lady free1 #acij ,that here-upon ye wolden wryte me1 ,for love of god1 my righte lode-sterre1 ,ther deeth may make an ende of al my werre4 #bjj4 ,if other cause aught doth yow for to dwelle1 ,that with your lettre ye me recomforte2 #acie ,for though to me your absence is an helle1 ,with pacience ,i wol my wo comporte4 ,and with your lettre of hope ,i wol desporte4 ,now wryteth1 swete1 and lat me thus not pleyne2 ,with hope1 or deeth1 delivereth me fro peyne4 #adjj #bja4 ,y-wis1 myn owene dere herte trewe1 ,i woot that1 whan ye next up-on me see1 ,so lost have ,i myn hele and eek myn hewe1 ,criseyde shal nought conne knowe me6 ,y-wis1 myn hertes day1 my lady free1 #adje ,so thursteth ay myn herte to biholde ,your beautee1 that my lyf unnethe ,i holde4 #bjb4 ,i sey no more1 al have ,i for to seye ,to you wel more than ,i telle may2 ,but whether that ye do me live or deye1 #adaj ,yet pray ,i god1 so yeve yow right good day4 ,and fareth wel1 goodly fayre fresshe may1 ,as ye that lyf or deeth me may comaunde2 ,and to your trouthe ay ,i me recomaunde #bjc4 ,with hele swich that1 but ye yeven me #adae ,the same hele1 ,i shal noon hele have4 ,in you lyth1 whan yow list that it so be1 ,the day in which me clothen shal my grave4 ,in yow my lyf1 in yow might for to save ,me from disese of alle peynes smerte2 #adbj ,and fare now wel1 myn owene swete herte6 ,,le ,,vostre ,t4' #bjd4 ,this lettre forth was sent un-to ,criseyde1 ,of which hir answere in effect was this2 ,ful pitously she wroot ayein1 and seyde1 ,that al-so sone as that she might1 y-wis1 #adbe ,she wolde come1 and mende al that was mis4 ,and fynally she wroot and seyde him thanne1 ,she wolde come1 ye1 but she niste whanne4 #bje4 ,but in hir lettre made she swich festes1 ,that wonder was1 and swereth she loveth him best1 #adcj ,of which he fond but botmelees bihestes4 ,but ,troilus1 thou mayst now1 est or west1 ,pype in an ivy leef1 if that thee lest2 ,thus gooth the world2 god shilde us fro mischaunce1 ,and every wight that meneth trouthe avaunce6 #adce #bjf4 ,encresen gan the wo fro day to night ,of ,troilus1 for taryinge of ,criseyde2 ,and lessen gan his hope and eek his might1 ,for which al doun he in his bed him leyde2 ,he ne eet1 ne dronk1 ne sleep1 ne word he seyde1 #addj ,imagininge ay that she was unkinde2 ,for which wel neigh he wex out of his minde4 #bjg4 ,this dreem1 of which ,i told have eek biforn1 ,may never come out of his remembraunce2 ,he thoughte ay wel he hadde his lady lorn1 #adde ,and that ,ioves1 of his purveyaunce1 ,him shewed hadde in sleep the signifiaunce ,of hir untrouthe and his disaventure1 ,and that the boor was shewed him in figure4 #bjh4 ,for which he for ,sibille his suster sente1 #adej ,that called was ,cassandre eek al aboute2 ,and al his dreem he tolde hir er he stente1 ,and hir bisoughte assoilen him the doute ,of the stronge boor1 with tuskes stoute2 ,and fynally1 with-inne a litel stounde1 #adee ,cassandre him gan right thus his dreem expounde4 #bji4 ,she gan first smyle1 and seyde1 ',o brother dere1 ,if thou a sooth of this desyrest knowe1 ,thou most a fewe of olde stories here1 ,to purpos1 how that fortune over-throwe #adfj ,hath lordes olde2 through which1 with-inne a throwe1 ,thou wel this boor shalt knowe1 and of what kinde ,he comen is1 as men in bokes finde4 #baj4 ,diane1 which that wrooth was and in ire ,for ,grekes nolde doon hir sacrifyse1 #adfe ,ne encens up-on hir auter sette a-fyre1 ,she1 for that ,grekes gonne hir so dispyse1 ,wrak hir in a wonder cruel wyse4 ,for with a boor as greet as oxe in stalle ,she made up frete hir corn and vynes alle4 #adgj #baa4 ,to slee this boor was al the contree reysed1 ,a-monges which ther com1 this boor to see1 ,a mayde1 oon of this world the best y-preysed2 ,and ,meleagre1 lord of that contree1 ,he lovede so this fresshe mayden free #adge ,that with his manhod1 er he wolde stente1 ,this boor he slow1 and hir the heed he sente2 #bab4 ,of which1 as olde bokes tellen us1 ,ther roos a contek and a greet envye2 ,and of this lord descended ,tydeus #adhj ,by ligne1 or elles olde bokes lye2 ,but how this ,meleagre gan to dye ,thorugh his moder1 wol ,i yow not telle1 ,for al to long it were for to dwelle4' ,argument of the #ab ,books of ,statius' ,thebais4 ,associat profugum ,tideo primus ,polimitem2 ,tidea legatum docet insidiasque secundus2 ,tercius ,hemoniden canit et vates latitantes2 ,quartus habet reges ineuntes prelia septem2 #d ,mox furie ,lenne quinto narratur et anguis2 ,archimori bustum sexto ludique leguntur2 ,dat ,graios ,thebes et vatem septimus vmbris2 ,octauo cecidit ,tideus1 spes1 vita ,pelasgis2 #h ,ypomedon nono moritur cum ,parthonopeo2 ,fulmine percussus1 decimo ,capaneus superatur2 ,vndecimo sese perimunt per vulnera fratres2 ,argiuam flentem narrat duodenus et ignem4 #ab #bac4 ,she told eek how ,tydeus1 er she stente1 #adhe ,un-to the stronge citee of ,thebes1 ,to cleyme kingdom of the citee1 wente1 ,for his felawe1 daun ,polymites1 ,of which the brother1 daun ,ethyocles ,ful wrongfully of ,thebes held the strengthe2 #adij ,this tolde she by proces1 al by lengthe4 #bad4 ,she tolde eek how ,hemonides asterte1 ,whan ,tydeus slough fifty knightes stoute4 ,she told eek al the prophesyes by herte1 ,and how that sevene kinges1 with hir route1 #adie ,bisegeden the citee al aboute2 ,and of the holy serpent1 and the welle1 ,and of the furies1 al she gan him telle4 #bae4 ,of ,archimoris buryinge and the pleyes1 ,and how ,amphiorax fil through the grounde1 #aejj ,how ,tydeus was slayn1 lord of ,argeyes1 ,and how ,ypomedoun in litel stounde ,was dreynt1 and deed ,parthonope of wounde2 ,and also how ,cappanus the proude ,with thonder-dint was slayn1 that cryde loude4 #aeje #baf4 ,she gan eek telle him how that either brother1 ,ethyocles and ,polimyte also1 ,at a scarmyche1 eche of hem slough other1 ,and of ,argyves wepinge and hir wo2 ,and how the town was brent she tolde eek tho4 #aeaj ,and so descendeth doun from gestes olde ,to ,diomede1 and thus she spak and tolde4 #bag4 ',this ilke boor bitokneth ,diomede1 ,tydeus sone1 that doun descended is ,fro ,meleagre1 that made the boor to blede4 #aeae ,and thy lady1 wher-so she be1 y-wis1 ,this ,diomede hir herte hath1 and she his4 ,weep if thou wolt1 or leef2 for1 out of doute1 ,this ,diomede is inne1 and thou art oute4' #bah4 ',thou seyst nat sooth1' quod he1 'thou sorceresse1 #aebj ,with al thy false goost of prophesye6 ,thou wenest been a greet devyneresse2 ,now seestow not this fool of fantasye ,peyneth hir on ladyes for to lye8 ,awey1' quod he1 'ther ,ioves yeve thee sorwe6 #aebe ,thou shalt be fals1 paraunter1 yet to-morwe6 #bai4 ,as wel thou mightest lyen on ,alceste1 ,that was of creatures1 but men lye1 ,that ever weren1 kindest and the beste4 ,for whanne hir housbonde was in ,iupartye #aecj ,to dye him-self1 but-if she wolde dye1 ,she chees for him to dye and go to helle1 ,and starf anoon1 as us the bokes telle4' #bbj4 ,cassandre goth1 and he with cruel herte ,for-yat his wo1 for angre of hir speche2 #aece ,and from his bed al sodeinly he sterte1 ,as though al hool him hadde y-mad a leche4 ,and day by day he gan enquere and seche ,a sooth of this1 with al his fulle cure2 ,and thus he dryeth forth his aventure4 #aedj #bba4 ,fortune1 whiche that permutacioun ,of thinges hath1 as it is hir committed ,through purveyaunce and disposicioun ,of heighe ,iove1 as regnes shal ben flitted ,fro folk in folk1 or whan they shal ben smitted1 #aede ,gan pulle awey the fetheres brighte of ,troye ,fro day to day1 til they ben bare of ,ioye4 #bbb4 ,among al this1 the fyn of the parodie ,of ,ector gan approchen wonder blyve2 ,the fate wolde his soule sholde unbodie1 #aeej ,and shapen hadde a mene it out to dryve2 ,ayeins which fate him helpeth not to stryve2 ,but on a day to fighten gan he wende1 ,at which1 allas6 he caughte his lyves ende4 #bbc4 ,for which me thinketh every maner wight #aeee ,that haunteth armes oughte to biwayle ,the deeth of him that was so noble a knight2 ,for as he drough a king by thaventayle1 ,unwar of this1 ,achilles through the mayle ,and through the body gan him for to ryve2 #aefj ,and thus this worthy knight was brought of lyve4 #bbd4 ,for whom1 as olde bokes tellen us1 ,was mad swich wo1 that tonge it may not telle2 ,and namely1 the sorwe of ,troilus1 ,that next him was of worthinesse welle4 #aefe ,and in this wo gan ,troilus to dwelle1 ,that1 what for sorwe1 and love1 and for unreste1 ,ful ofte a day he bad his herte breste4 #bbe4 ,but natheles1 though he gan him dispeyre1 ,and dradde ay that his lady was untrewe1 #aegj ,yet ay on hir his herte gan repeyre4 ,and as these loveres doon1 he soughte ay newe ,to gete ayein ,criseyde1 bright of hewe4 ,and in his herte he wente hir excusinge1 ,that ,calkas causede al hir taryinge4 #aege #bbf4 ,and ofte tyme he was in purpos grete ,him-selven lyk a pilgrim to disgyse1 ,to seen hir2 but he may not contrefete ,to been unknowen of folk that weren wyse1 ,ne finde excuse aright that may suffyse1 #aehj ,if he among the ,grekes knowen were2 ,for which he weep ful ofte many a tere4 #bbg4 ,to hir he wroot yet ofte tyme al newe ,ful pitously1 he lefte it nought for slouthe1 ,biseching hir that1 sin that he was trewe1 #aehe ,she wolde come ayein and holde hir trouthe4 ,for which ,criseyde up-on a day1 for routhe1 ,i take it so1 touchinge al this matere1 ,wrot him ayein1 and seyde as ye may here4 #bbh4 ',cupydes sone1 ensample of goodlihede1 #aeij ,o swerd of knighthod1 sours of gentilesse6 ,how mighte a wight in torment and in drede ,and helelees1 yow sende as yet gladnesse8 ,i hertelees1 ,i syke1 ,i in distresse2 ,sin ye with me1 nor ,i with yow may dele1 #aeie ,yow neither sende ich herte may nor hele4 #bbi4 ,your lettres ful1 the papir al y-pleynted1 ,conseyved hath myn hertes pitee2 ,i have eek seyn with teres al depeynted ,your lettre1 and how that ye requeren me #afjj ,to come ayein1 which yet ne may not be4 ,but why1 lest that this lettre founden were1 ,no mencioun ne make ,i now1 for fere4 #bcj4 ,grevous to me1 god woot1 is your unreste1 ,your haste1 and that1 the goddes ordenaunce1 #afje ,it semeth not ye take it for the beste4 ,nor other thing nis in your remembraunce1 ,as thinketh me1 but only your plesaunce4 ,but beth not wrooth1 and that ,i yow biseche2 ,for that ,i tarie1 is al for wikked speche4 #afaj #bca4 ,for ,i have herd wel more than ,i wende1 ,touchinge us two1 how thinges han y-stonde2 ,which ,i shal with dissimulinge amende4 ,and beth nought wrooth1 ,i have eek understonde1 ,how ye ne doon but holden me in honde4 #afae ,but now no fors1 ,i can not in yow gesse ,but alle trouthe and alle gentilesse4 #bcb4 ,comen ,i wol1 but yet in swich disioynte ,i stonde as now1 that what yeer or what day ,that this shal be1 that can ,i not apoynte4 #afbj ,but in effect1 ,i prey yow1 as ,i may1 ,of your good word and of your frendship ay4 ,for trewely1 whyl that my lyf may dure1 ,as for a freend1 ye may in me assure4 #bcc4 ,yet preye ,i yow on yvel ye ne take1 #afbe ,that it is short which that ,i to yow wryte2 ,i dar not1 ther ,i am1 wel lettres make1 ,ne never yet ne coude ,i wel endyte4 ,eek greet effect men wryte in place lyte4 ,thentente is al1 and nought the lettres space2 #afcj ,and fareth now wel1 god have you in his grace6 ,,la ,,vostre ,c4' #bcd4 ,this ,troilus this lettre thoughte al straunge1 ,whan he it saugh1 and sorwefully he sighte2 ,him thoughte it lyk a kalendes of chaunge2 ,but fynally1 he ful ne trowen mighte #afce ,that she ne wolde him holden that she highte2 ,for with ful yvel wil list him to leve ,that loveth wel1 in swich cas1 though him greve4 #bce4 ,but natheles1 men seyn that1 at the laste1 ,for any thing1 men shal the sothe see2 #afdj ,and swich a cas bitidde1 and that as faste1 ,that ,troilus wel understood that she ,nas not so kinde as that hir oughte be4 ,and fynally1 he woot now1 out of doute1 ,that al is lost that he hath been aboute4 #afde #bcf4 ,stood on a day in his malencolye ,this ,troilus1 and in suspecioun ,of hir for whom he wende for to dye4 ,and so bifel1 that through-out ,troye toun1 ,as was the gyse1 y-bore was up and doun #afej ,a maner cote-armure1 as seyth the storie1 ,biforn ,deiphebe1 in signe of his victorie1 #bcg4 ,the whiche cote1 as telleth ,lollius1 ,deiphebe it hadde y-rent from ,diomede ,the same day2 and whan this ,troilus #afee ,it saugh1 he gan to taken of it hede1 ,avysing of the lengthe and of the brede1 ,and al the werk2 but as he gan biholde1 ,ful sodeinly his herte gan to colde1 #bch4 ,as he that on the coler fond with-inne #affj ,a broche1 that he ,criseyde yaf that morwe ,that she from ,troye moste nedes twinne1 ,in remembraunce of him and of his sorwe2 ,and she him leyde ayein hir feyth to borwe ,to kepe it ay2 but now1 ful wel he wiste1 #affe ,his lady nas no lenger on to triste4 #bci4 ,he gooth him hoom1 and gan ful sone sende ,for ,pandarus2 and al this newe chaunce1 ,and of this broche1 he tolde him word and ende1 ,compleyninge of hir hertes variaunce1 #afgj ,his longe love1 his trouthe1 and his penaunce2 ,and after deeth1 with-outen wordes more1 ,ful faste he cryde1 his reste him to restore4 #bdj4 ,than spak he thus1 ',o lady myn ,criseyde1 ,wher is your feyth1 and wher is your biheste8 #afge ,wher is your love1 wher is your trouthe1' he seyde2 ',of ,diomede have ye now al this feste6 ,allas1 ,i wolde have trowed at the leste1 ,that1 sin ye nolde in trouthe to me stonde1 ,that ye thus nolde han holden me in honde6 #afhj #bda4 ,who shal now trowe on any othes mo8 ,allas1 ,i never wolde han wend1 er this1 ,that ye1 ,criseyde1 coude han chaunged so2 ,ne1 but ,i hadde a-gilt and doon amis1 ,so cruel wende ,i not your herte1 y-wis1 #afhe ,to slee me thus2 allas1 your name of trouthe ,is now for-doon1 and that is al my routhe4 #bdb4 ,was ther non other broche yow liste lete ,to feffe with your newe love1' quod he1 ',but thilke broche that ,i1 with teres wete1 #afij ,yow yaf1 as for a remembraunce of me8 ,non other cause1 allas1 ne hadde ye ,but for despyt1 and eek for that ye mente ,al-outrely to shewen your entente6 #bdc4 ,through which ,i see that clene out of your minde #afie ,ye han me cast1 and ,i ne can nor may1 ,for al this world1 with-in myn herte finde ,to unloven yow a quarter of a day6 ,in cursed tyme ,i born was1 weylaway6 ,that ye1 that doon me al this wo endure1 #agjj ,yet love ,i best of any creature4 #bdd4 ,now god1' quod he1 'me sende yet the grace ,that ,i may meten with this ,diomede6 ,and trewely1 if ,i have might and space1 ,yet shal ,i make1 ,i hope1 his sydes blede4 #agje ,o god1' quod he1 'that oughtest taken hede ,to fortheren trouthe1 and wronges to punyce1 ,why niltow doon a vengeaunce on this vyce8 #bde4 ,o ,pandare1 that in dremes for to triste ,me blamed hast1 and wont art ofte up-breyde1 #agaj ,now maystow see thy-selve1 if that thee liste1 ,how trewe is now thy nece1 bright ,criseyde6 ,in sondry formes1 god it woot1' he seyde1 ',the goddes shewen bothe ,ioye and tene ,in slepe1 and by my dreme it is now sene4 #agae #bdf4 ,and certaynly1 with-oute more speche1 ,from hennes-forth1 as ferforth as ,i may1 ,myn owene deeth in armes wol ,i seche2 ,i recche not how sone be the day6 ,but trewely1 ,criseyde1 swete may1 #agbj ,whom ,i have ay with al my might y-served1 ,that ye thus doon1 ,i have it nought deserved4' #bdg4 ,this ,pandarus1 that alle these thinges herde1 ,and wiste wel he seyde a sooth of this1 ,he nought a word ayein to him answerde2 #agbe ,for sory of his frendes sorwe he is1 ,and shamed1 for his nece hath doon a-mis2 ,and stant1 astoned of these causes tweye1 ,as stille as stoon2 a word ne coude he seye4 #bdh4 ,but at the laste thus he spak1 and seyde1 #agcj ',my brother dere1 ,i may thee do no-more4 ,what shulde ,i seyn8 ,i hate1 y-wis1 ,criseyde6 ,and god wot1 ,i wol hate hir evermore6 ,and that thou me bisoughtest doon of yore1 ,havinge un-to myn honour ne my reste #agce ,right no reward1 ,i dide al that thee leste4 #bdi4 ,if ,i dide ought that mighte lyken thee1 ,it is me leef2 and of this treson now1 ,god woot1 that it a sorwe is un-to me6 ,and dredelees1 for hertes ese of yow1 #agdj ,right fayn wolde ,i amende it1 wiste ,i how4 ,and fro this world1 almighty god ,i preye1 ,delivere hir sone2 ,i can no-more seye4' #bej4 ,gret was the sorwe and pleynt of ,troilus2 ,but forth hir cours fortune ay gan to holde4 #agde ,criseyde loveth the sone of ,tydeus1 ,and ,troilus mot wepe in cares colde4 ,swich is this world2 who-so it can biholde1 ,in eche estat is litel hertes reste2 ,god leve us for to take it for the beste6 #agej #bea4 ,in many cruel batayle1 out of drede1 ,of ,troilus1 this ilke noble knight1 ,as men may in these olde bokes rede1 ,was sene his knighthod and his grete might4 ,and dredelees1 his ire1 day and night1 #agee ,ful cruelly the ,grekes ay aboughte2 ,and alwey most this ,diomede he soughte4 #beb4 ,and ofte tyme1 ,i finde that they mette ,with blody strokes and with wordes grete1 ,assayinge how hir speres weren whette2 #agfj ,and god it woot1 with many a cruel hete ,gan ,troilus upon his helm to-bete4 ,but natheles1 fortune it nought ne wolde1 ,of otheres hond that either deyen sholde4-- #bec4 ,and if ,i hadde y-taken for to wryte #agfe ,the armes of this ilke worthy man1 ,than wolde ,i of his batailles endyte4 ,but for that ,i to wryte first bigan ,of his love1 ,i have seyd as that ,i can4 ,his worthy dedes1 who-so list hem here1 #aggj ,reed ,dares1 he can telle hem alle y-fere4 #bed4 ,bisechinge every lady bright of hewe1 ,and every gentil womman1 what she be1 ,that al be that ,criseyde was untrewe1 ,that for that gilt she be not wrooth with me4 #agge ,ye may hir gilt in othere bokes see2 ,and gladlier ,i wol wryten1 if yow leste1 ,penelopes trouthe and good ,alceste4 #bee4 ,ne ,i sey not this al-only for these men1 ,but most for wommen that bitraysed be #aghj ,through false folk2 god yeve hem sorwe1 amen6 ,that with hir grete wit and subtiltee ,bitrayse yow6 and this commeveth me ,to speke1 and in effect yow alle ,i preye1 ,beth war of men1 and herkeneth what ,i seye6-- #aghe #bef4 ,go1 litel book1 go litel myn tregedie1 ,ther god thy maker yet1 er that he dye1 ,so sende might to make in som comedie6 ,but litel book1 no making thou nenvye1 ,but subgit be to alle poesye2 #agij ,and kis the steppes1 wher-as thou seest pace ,virgile1 ,ovyde1 ,omer1 ,lucan1 and ,stace4 #beg4 ,and for ther is so greet diversitee ,in ,english and in wryting of our tonge1 ,so preye ,i god that noon miswryte thee1 #agie ,ne thee mismetre for defaute of tonge4 ,and red wher-so thou be1 or elles songe1 ,that thou be understonde ,i god beseche6 ,but yet to purpos of my rather speche4-- #beh4 ,the wraththe1 as ,i began yow for to seye1 #ahjj ,of ,troilus1 the ,grekes boughten dere2 ,for thousandes his hondes maden deye1 ,as he that was with-outen any pere1 ,save ,ector1 in his tyme1 as ,i can here4 ,but weylaway1 save only goddes wille1 #ahje ,dispitously him slough the fiers ,achille4 #bei4 ,and whan that he was slayn in this manere1 ,his lighte goost ful blisfully is went ,up to the holownesse of the seventh spere1 ,in convers letinge every element2 #ahaj ,and ther he saugh1 with ful avysement1 ,the erratik sterres1 herkeninge armonye ,with sownes fulle of hevenish melodye4 #bfj4 ,and doun from thennes faste he gan avyse ,this litel spot of erthe1 that with the see #ahae ,enbraced is1 and fully gan despyse ,this wrecched world1 and held al vanitee ,to respect of the pleyn felicitee ,that is in hevene above2 and at the laste1 ,ther he was slayn1 his loking doun he caste2 #ahbj #bfa4 ,and in him-self he lough right at the wo ,of hem that wepten for his deeth so faste2 ,and dampned al our werk that folweth so ,the blinde lust1 the which that may not laste1 ,and sholden al our herte on hevene caste4 #ahbe ,and forth he wente1 shortly for to telle1 ,ther as ,mercurie sorted him to dwelle4-- #bfb4 ,swich fyn hath1 lo1 this ,troilus for love1 ,swich fyn hath al his grete worthinesse2 ,swich fyn hath his estat real above1 #ahcj ,swich fyn his lust1 swich fyn hath his noblesse2 ,swich fyn hath false worldes brotelnesse4 ,and thus bigan his lovinge of ,criseyde1 ,as ,i have told1 and in this wyse he deyde4 #bfc4 ,o yonge fresshe folkes1 he or she1 #ahce ,in which that love up groweth with your age1 ,repeyreth hoom from worldly vanitee1 ,and of your herte up-casteth the visage ,to thilke god that after his image ,yow made1 and thinketh al nis but a fayre #ahdj ,this world1 that passeth sone as floures fayre4 #bfd4 ,and loveth him1 the which that right for love ,upon a cros1 our soules for to beye1 ,first starf1 and roos1 and sit in hevene a-bove2 ,for he nil falsen no wight1 dar ,i seye1 #ahde ,that wol his herte al hoolly on him leye4 ,and sin he best to love is1 and most meke1 ,what nedeth feyned loves for to seke8 #bfe4 ,lo here1 of ,payens corsed olde rytes1 ,lo here1 what alle hir goddes may availle2 #ahej ,lo here1 these wrecched worldes appetytes2 ,lo here1 the fyn and guerdon for travaille ,of ,iove1 ,appollo1 of ,mars1 of swich rascaille6 ,lo here1 the forme of olde clerkes speche ,in poetrye1 if ye hir bokes seche4-- #ahee #bff4 ,o moral ,gower1 this book ,i directe ,to thee1 and to the philosophical ,strode1 ,to vouchen sauf1 ther nede is1 to corecte1 ,of your benignitees and zeles gode4 ,and to that sothfast ,crist1 that starf on rode1 #ahfj ,with al myn herte of mercy ever ,i preye2 ,and to the lord right thus ,i speke and seye3 #bfg4 ,thou oon1 and two1 and three1 eterne on-lyve1 ,that regnest ay in three and two and oon1 ,uncircumscript1 and al mayst circumscryve1 #ahfe ,us from visible and invisible foon ,defende2 and to thy mercy1 everichoon1 ,so make us1 ,iesus1 for thy grace digne1 ,for love of mayde and moder thyn benigne6 ,amen4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,troili ,,et ,,criseydis4 #a-ce4 ,cm4 omits4 #d4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,committeth2 ,h4 ,comitteth2 ,cl4 ,comytted4 #h4 ,ed4 golde2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 gold2 read golden4 _/_/ ,h#b4 ,the ,auricomus tressed 7674 #i4 ,h4 alle2 ,cl4 ,cp4 al4 _/_/ ,h#b4 shene2 rest clere2 cf4 ii4 #ibj1 iv4 #adcb4 #aa4 ,h4 a-yeyn2 ,cl4 a-yen4 #ab4 ,h4 sone 7glossed ,troilus74 #ac4 ,h4 hire 7glossed i4 ,criseyde74 #ad4 ,cl4 o morwe2 ,cp4 ,h4 a morwe4 #af4 ,cl4 for to2 rest om4 for4 #ah4 ,cp4 ,h4 nyste2 rest nyst4 #bj4 ,cl4 wyst4 #ba4 ,cl4 om4 a4 #bb4 ,cp4 ,h4 reed2 ,cl4 red4 #bf4 ,cl4 here by fore4 #bg4 ,cl4 farewel now4 #bi4 ,cp4 bood2 ,cl4 bod2 rest bode4 #ca4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 sene2 ,h#b4 sen4 #cc4 ,cl4 houede4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 tabyde2 rest to abide4 #cg4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 horse2 rest hors4 #dj4 ,cl4 do it2 rest om4 do4 #da4 ,cl4 onys4 #da1 #db4 ,h#b4 deye1 dreye4 #dc4 ,cl4 onys4 #dd4 ,cl4 y-nowh4 #ea4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h4 ,cm4 liste4 _/_/ ,cl4 lyst4 #eb4 alwey ,cl4 alweys2 ,cp4 ,h4 alweyes4 #eh4 ,cp4 ,h4 sighte2 ,cl4 sight2 ,cm4 syhede4 #fj4 ,cp4 rit2 ,h4 rite 7for rit72 ,h#b4 ritte2 ,ed4 rydeth2 ,cl4 right7674 #fb4 ,cl4 that though4 #fd4 ,cl4 curtasie4 #ff4 ,cl4 ,h4 compaynye4 #hj4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ner1 rod2 ,cp4 ,h4 neer1 rood4 #hb4 she ,cp4 ,cm4 he4 #he4 ,cl4 he al2 rest om4 al4 #hh4 ,cl4 ,ed4 toke4 #ii4 ,cl4 ynowh4 #aje4 ,so ,cp4 ,h42 ,cl4 ,that she shal not as yet wete what4 #aji4 ,cl4 desese4 #aag4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 preyde2 ,ed4 prayde2 ,cm4 preyede4 #abj4 ,cl4 thenketh 7badly74 #abb4 ,h#b4 ,troiaunes2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,troians2 read ,troian-es4 #abd4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 if4 #abg4 ,cl4 ,an4 #acc4 ,cl4 ,cm4 to2 rest vn-to4 #ace4 ,cl4 take4 #ach4 ,cl4 ,cm4 to amenden2 ,cp4 ,h4 tamende2 rest to amende4 #aea4 ,cm4 ,but be this2 7this this is74 #aed4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 aboue2 rest abouen4 #aee4 ,cl4 ,h4 borne2 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,cm4 born4 #afd4 or ,cl4 of2 ,cp4 er4 #agj4 ,cl4 feyr2 see #agb4 #agb4 ,cm4 myghte2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 myght4 #agd4 ,cl4 you to2 rest om4 to4 #agf4 ,ed4 ,h4 ,cp4 lyte2 rest litel4 #ahj4 ,cl4 hert2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 herte4 #ahb4 of ,cl4 on4 #ahe4 ,h4 ,h#b4 liste2 ,cl4 ,cp4 lyst4 #ahf4 ,cp4 ,cm4 good2 ,cl4 ,h4 goode4 #ahi4 ,h4 shalighte4 #aid4 ,cl4 mewet2 ,cp4 ,h4 muwet2 ,ed4 muet4 #aii4 ,cl4 om4 face4 #bjb4 ,cl4 went2 toke4 #bjf4 ,cm4 frentyk4 #bjg1 #h4 ,cl4 curssed4 #bad4 ,ed4 lyte2 ,cp4 ,h4 lite2 rest litel4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 a lytel his herte4 #bbd4 ,cp4 ,ed4 pilowe2 ,h#b4 pillowe2 ,h4 pilwo2 rest pilwe4 #bbe4 ,h4 ,cp4 ayein2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ayen4 #bbf4 ,h4 leete2 ,cl4 ,cm4 let4 #bcj4 ,h#b4 endowe4 #bcb4 ,cm4 ryghte2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 right4 #bcf4 ,here speketh spek'th4 #bch4 ,cl4 ,cm4 yuele4 #bdb4 ,cl4 tendresse4 #bde4 ,cl4 in-to2 rest vn-to4 #bdf4 ,cl4 fill2 ony4 #bdg4 ,cl4 by-gonne2 rest by-gynne4 #bdi4 mete ,h#b4 dreme4 _/_/ ,cl4 as he2 rest om4 as4 #bee4 ,cl4 tremor2 rest tremour4 #bfc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 seine2 ,ed4 sayne2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 sey4 #bfh4 ,cl4 peyne2 rest pyne4 #bgc4 ,cl4 thenke4 #bge4 ,h#b4 y-waxen2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,ed4 y-woxen4 #bgg4 ,cl4 wonted2 ,cm4 wone2 rest wont7e72 read woned4 #bhj4 ,cl4 ,h4 sente4 #bhh4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 deuyne2 ,cl4 dyuyne4 #bij4 ,cl4 peyne4 #big4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 lyuen2 ,cl4 lyue4 #cjh4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 yef2 ,ed4 yeue2 rest yif4 #cae4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 prey2 rest preyen4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 to kepe2 rest om4 to4 #cai4 ,ed4 hyght2 ,cm4 highte2 ,cl4 hatte2 ,cp4 ,h4 hette4 _/_/ ,ed4 ,ascaphylo 7i4e4 ,ascalaphus72 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,escaphilo2 ,h4 esciphilo2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 eschaphilo4 #cbj4 ,cp4 thise2 ,cm4 ,ed4 these2 ,cl4 ,h4 this4 #cbg4 ,cm4 red2 rest rede4 #cbi4 ,cl4 late2 ,cp4 ,h4 lat2 rest let2 read lete4 _/_/ ,cp4 worthen2 ,cl4 worthe2 ,h#b4 worth2 rest worchen4 #ccj4 ,cp4 ,ed4 tel2 rest telle4 _/_/ ,cl4 nowe4 #cca4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ony4 #ccd4 gon ,cm4 forgon4 #cce1 #ccf4 ,h4 care1 fare4 #cdh4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 on-2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 o-2 ,ed4 a-4 #ceb4 ,cl4 fond2 rest fonde4 #cec4 ,cp4 ,h4 nought 7for not74 _/_/ ,ed4 ,h#b4 to abyde4 _/_/ ,cm4 is not so longe to on-byde4 #ced4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 comen2 rest come4 #cee4 ,cl4 nyl not2 rest om4 not4 #cef4 ,cm4 dred2 rest drede4 #ceg4 ,cp4 ,h4 ayein2 ,cl4 ,cm4 a-yen4 #cfj4 ,cl4 ,cm4 proceden4 #cfb4 ,read all' swev'ns4 #cfh4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 infernals2 rest infernal4 #cfi4 ,cl4 seynt 7674 #cgh4 ,cl4 lef2 rest leue4 #chj4 ,cl4 foweles2 ,h4 fowelis4 #chb4 ,cl4 owlys4 #chc4 ,cl4 foule2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 foul4 #che4 ,cl4 shad 7674 #chg1 #chi1 #cij4 ,h4 ,cp4 foryiue1 dryue1 lyue2 ,cl4 foryeue1 dreue1 leue4 #cih4 ,cl4 foyete2 ,cp4 ,h4 foryete4 _/_/ ,ed4 or2 rest oure4 #djc4 ,cl4 hens2 ,cp4 ,h4 hennes4 #dji4 ,ed4 rouken 7wrongly74 #daj4 ,cl4 thow trust2 rest om4 thow4 #dac4 ,cl4 dar4 #dad4 ,cl4 answered2 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,ed4 answerde4 #dba4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 fyn2 rest fyne4 #dbc4 ,cl4 sacrefise4 #dbe4 ,cl4 foule2 ,h4 fowl2 ,cm4 foul4 #dbh4 ,cp4 ,h4 reed2 ,cl4 ,cm4 red4 #dch4 ,cl4 ,h4 cost2 rest coste4 #ddj4 ,ed4 moste2 ,h#b4 most2 ,cl4 ,cm4 meste2 ,h4 meest4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 eek4 #dda4 ,cl4 ony4 #ddc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 thorugh2 ,ed4 through4 #ddd4 ,cl4 ony4 #ddf4 ,cl4 as2 rest at4 #ddg4 ,h4 ,nof4 #ddh4 ,cp4 ,ie2 ,h#b4 ye2 rest eye4 #dea4 ,cp4 pietous2 ,h4 pietus2 rest pitous4 #dee4 ,cl4 gladyn2 ,cp4 glade2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,ed4 glad4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 festenynge 7for festeiynge festeyinge72 rest feestynge 7festyng74 #def4 ,cl4 laydyes4 #dei4 ,cl4 ony2 ,h#b4 an2 rest on4 #dfd4 ,cl4 om4 him4 #dff4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 there2 rest here4 #dfh4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 maze2 rest mase4 #dfi4 ,cl4 ,cp4 howue2 ,ed4 houe2 ,h4 howen4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 glaze2 rest glase4 #dgj4 ,cl4 old4 #dgc4 ,cl4 ,ed4 shap and2 rest om4 and4 #dge4 ,h4 droofe2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 drof4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 tanende4 #dgi4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 conueyen4 #dhj4 ,cl4 tok2 rest toke4 #dhc4 nil ,cl4 wol4 #dhd4 ,cl4 answered2 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 answerde4 _/_/ ,cl4 heder2 ,h4 hyder2 ,cp4 ,h#b4 hider4 #dhe4 ,cl4 a-yen4 #dhh4 ,cl4 ony4 #dhi4 ,cl4 hens2 ,cp4 ,h4 hennes4 #dij4 ,cl4 vilonye4 #dia4 ,cl4 ,h4 wold4 #dib4 ,cm4 wouke2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 wowke2 ,ed4 weke4 #dih4 ,h#b4 alle2 rest al4 #dii4 ,cm4 woukis2 ,cl4 ,cp4 wykes2 ,h4 ,ed4 wekes4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 end4 #ejc4 ,h4 fynden2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 fynde4 #ejf4 ,cl4 ,h4 sobrelich2 rest softely 7softly74 #eaj4 ,cp4 ,h4 bihighte2 ,cl4 byhight4 #eac4 ,cl4 ,cm4 of here2 rest om4 here4 #eae4 ,cl4 om4 it4 #eai4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 ,on2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,o4 #ebj4 ,cp4 tabrayde2 ,h4 to breyde2 rest to abreyde4 #ebc4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 ,as2 ,cl4 ,so2 ,cm4 om4 #ebh4 ,cl4 ,criseyde2 rest ,criseydes4 #ecj4 ,cl4 ,cm4 brast4 #eca4 ,cl4 dorres sperid4 #ecc4 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 war2 rest ware4 #ech4 god ,cl4 gold4 #edh4 ,cl4 ,cm4 with the2 rest om4 the4 #eej4 ,cp4 ,john4 lisse2 ,h#b4 hisse7672 rest blisse4 #eec4 which ,cl4 whom4 #eed4 ,h4 ye2 ,h#b4 yee2 rest eye4 #efa4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 thens2 ,cp4 thennes2 ,h4 tennes7674 #efe4 ,cl4 yende2 rest yonder2 see #egc4 #efg4 ,cm4 caughte1 righte2 rest kaught1 right4 #efh1 #efi1 #ega4 ,cl4 yender2 see #ege4 #egi4 ,cl4 thenketh2 rest thinketh4 #ehc4 ,cm4 myn2 ,h#b4 my2 rest om4 7read memrie74 #ehd4 ,cl4 waryed2 ,cp4 wereyed2 ,h#b4 weryhed2 rest weryed 7read werreyed werry'd74 #eic4 ,cl4 leue2 ,cm4 lyf2 rest lyue4 _/_/ ,cl4 om4 in4 #eid4 ,ed4 ne aske2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 naxe2 rest ne axe4 #eii4 ,cl4 lorde2 cruwel4 #fje4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 wente2 rest went4 #fjg4 ,cl4 hens2 ,cp4 ,h4 hennes4 #fji4 ,cl4 in2 ,ed4 to2 rest in-to4 #faj4 ,cp4 hille2 ,h4 hille2 ,cl4 hill2 ,cm4 hil4 #fad4 ,cp4 ,h4 hider2 ,cl4 heder4 #faf4 ,h4 seen2 ,cl4 se4 #fag4 ,cl4 ,ed4 woxen4 #fah4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 defet2 ,cm4 defect2 ,ed4 defayted 7om4 and74 #fca4 ,cl4 hise4 #fcb4 ,cm4 ,the enchesoun4 #fcf4 ,cm4 ,ed4 softe2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 soft4 #fcg4 ,cl4 gan to2 rest om4 to4 _/_/ ,cl4 syngen2 rest singe 7syng74 #fci4 ,cp4 ,h4 soore2 ,cl4 ,cm4 sor4 #fda4 ,h#b4 and stere2 ,cm4 on sterid2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 in stere4 _/_/ ,ed4 ,i stere and sayle4 #fdc4 ,the ,cl4 ,thi4 #fdd4 ,caribdis ,h#b42 ,cp4 ,carikdis2 rest ,caribdes4 #fec4 ,cp4 ,h4 hennes2 ,cl4 hens4 _/_/ ,cm4 bryghte2 rest right4 #fee4 ,cm4 ,cp4 bryghte2 rest bright4 _/_/ ,cl4 lathona2 ,ed4 ,lucyna2 rest latona2 see iv4 #aeia4 #feg4 ,cl4 whanne4 #feh4 she ,cl4 he2 ,h#b4 ye4 _/_/ my ,cl4 me4 #fei4 ,cm4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 day is2 rest dayes4 #ffb4 was ,cl4 is4 #ffi4 yonder ,cl4 ,h#b4 yender4 #fgj4 ,cl4 ,cp4 tho2 rest the4 _/_/ ,cl4 tenten 7674 #fga4 ,cp4 ,h4 thennes2 ,cl4 thens4 #fge4 ,cl4 ,it is4 #fhf4 ,ed4 ,cp4 ,cm4 stynten2 ,h4 stenten2 rest stynte4 #fic4 ,cl4 it is2 rest om4 it4 #fie4 ,cl4 ought2 ,ed4 aught2 rest nought 7naught74 #fif4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 pace4 #gja4 ,cp4 ,cm4 putte2 rest put4 #gjb4 and ,cl4 an4 #gjc4 ,cl4 om4 ,i4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,ed4 ,cm4 holde2 ,cl4 ,h4 hold4 #gaa4 ,ther ,cl4 ,the4 _/_/ ,h#b4 ,cm4 ther2 rest om4 #gjh4 ,cm4 ,i-waxen2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,ed4 y-woxen4 #gac-gai4 ,cm4 omits4 #gae4 ,cl4 syked2 om4 eek4 #gaf4 ,ed4 purtrayeng2 ,h#b4 portering2 ,cl4 portraynge2 ,h4 portreynge2 ,cp4 purtrayng4 #gbj4 woful ,cl4 ful4 #gbb4 ,cp4 cruel2 ,cl4 ,h4 cruwel2 ,cm4 crewel4 #gbc4 ,cp4 ,ed4 compleynen2 rest compleyne4 #gbe4 ,all wepte 7but see wopen in #gbd74 #gbf4 ,,mss4 teris4 #gbi4 ,cl4 ,cp4 rowfully2 ,ed4 rewfully2 ,cm4 reufully4 #gcc4 ,cl4 ,h4 tho yonder2 rest om4 tho4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h#b4 walles2 rest wallys4 #gcd4 ,o ,cl4 ,of 7674 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 dostow2 ,cm4 dost thou2 ,cl4 dost4 #gce4 whether ,cl4 wher4 #gdd4 three ,cl4 two4 #gea4 ,h4 weste2 rest west4 #geb4 ,cl4 stelen4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,ed4 on2 ,h#b4 by2 rest in4 #gec1 #d4 ,h4 ,h#b4 leste1 beste2 rest lest1 best4 #gef4 on ,cm4 of4 #geg4 ,cl4 wold4 #geh4 ,h4 ,ed4 rulen2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 reule2 ,cp4 reulen2 ,cl4 rewelyn 7for rewlen74 #gei4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 ,ne4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 thryuen2 ,cl4 thryue4 #gfj4 ,cl4 somme han blamed2 rest that 7at7 som men blamen4 #gfd4 ,cl4 ony4 #gfe4 ,cl4 for my2 rest om4 my4 #gfi4 ,cp4 ,cm4 knotteles2 rest knotles4 #ggj4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 to abyde4 #ggd4 ,cl4 ,cm4 short2 rest shortest4 #ghj4 ,cp4 ,h4 thennes2 ,cl4 ,cm4 thens4 #gha4 ,cl4 laughen4 #ghb4 ,h#b4 to accoy4 #ghd4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,cp4 nassayeth2 rest assayeth4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 nacheueth2 ,cm4 ne cheueth2 rest acheueth4 #ghg4 ,cl4 om4 of4 #gij4 ,for ,cl4 ,as4 _/_/ ,cl4 wys2 ,h4 ,cp4 ,cm4 ,ed4 wyse4 #hjj4 ,cl4 ,h4 corageus4 #hje4 ,ed4 ,calcidony4 #hjh4 ,cp4 ,cm4 myghte2 ,cl4 ,h4 myght4 #hji4 ,cl4 ,h4 oft2 rest ofte4 #hab4 ,cl4 ,cm4 thred2 rest threde4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,h4 wold4 #hae4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 speke2 rest speken4 #hag4 ,cl4 formede4 _/_/ ,h4 ,h#b4 yen2 rest eyen4 #hba4 ,cm4 ,i-norschid4 #hbg4 ,cm4 waxen2 ,h#b4 waxe2 rest woxen4 #hcd4 ,cp4 ,h4 y-founde2 rest founde4 #hcg4 ,cp4 ,h4 duryng2 ,cl4 dorryng2 ,cm4 dorynge to2 ,ed4 daryng2 7best durring74 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 don2 rest do4 #hdj4 ,cp4 durre2 ,h4 durre to2 ,cl4 dorre2 ,cm4 dore2 ,ed4 dare4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,cm4 don2 ,ed4 done2 ,h4 do4 #hde4 ,cl4 a 7for as74 #hdf4 ,cm4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 done2 ,cl4 don4 #hdi4 ,h4 by hire hym2 ,cm4 by hire2 rest hym by here4 #hej4 ,cl4 y-nowh4 #hea4 longe _/_/ ,cl4 more4 #hef4 ,h#b4 ,betwixe2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,bytwyxen4 #hfj4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,cm4 axen4 #hfg4 ,cl4 ,answered4 #hfh4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 wiste2 ,cl4 wist4 #hgb4 ,cl4 thenketh4 #hgi4 ,cl4 ony4 #hhj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,sholden2 ,ed4 ,shulden2 rest ,sholde4 #hhb4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 dredles2 rest dredeles4 #hhe4 ,cl4 ,ed4 ,fro4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 thennes2 ,cl4 ,cm4 thens4 #hhh4 to ,cm4 for4 #hia1 #hie4 ,cp4 ,h4 hennes2 ,cm4 henys2 ,cl4 hens4 #hie4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 to rauysshen any2 ,cm4 to rauych ony2 ,h#b4 to rauisshe any2 ,cl4 the rauesshynge of a4 #hif4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ben2 rest be4 #hih4 ,cl4 ,h4 sleye2 rest slye4 #iji4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 grete2 ,cl4 gre 7674 #iab4 ,cl4 an4 #iaf4 ,cl4 brough4 #ibj4 ,cl4 ony4 #ibd4 ,cp4 ,ed4 be2 ,cm4 ben2 ,h4 ben a2 rest the4 #ibe4 ,ed4 reed2 ,cl4 ,cm4 red4 #ibf4 ,cp4 quook2 ,h4 quooke2 ,cl4 ,cm4 quok4 #ibg4 ,cl4 cast a litel wight a syde4 #ica4 ,cl4 ony4 #icd4 ,of ,cl4 ,o4 _/_/ ,ed4 ,calcidony4 #ich4 ,h#b4 ,polymites2 ,cm4 ,polymyght2 rest ,polymyte4 #idb4 ,cl4 ,i shal2 rest om4 ,i4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 lyue2 ,cl4 lyuen4 #ide4 ,cl4 tel4 #iej4 ,cp4 ,h4 speken2 ,cl4 ,cm4 speke4 #ieb4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 to hym she2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,ed4 she to hym4 #ied4 ,h4 ,cp4 ,ed4 it noon2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 non it4 #igj4 ,all but ,cp4 ,h4 om4 #ast and4 #iga4 ,cl4 an4 #igg4 now ,cl4 here4 #ihb4 ,cl4 ony4 #ihf4 ,cl4 done4 #ihg4 ,cl4 to pleye2 rest om4 to4 #ihi4 ,cp4 bisy2 ,h4 bysi2 ,cm4 besi2 ,ed4 ,h#b4 besy2 ,cl4 ben4 #iig4 ,cl4 ,h4 com4 #iii4 ,cl4 om4 hir4 _/_/ heres ,h4 eres2 ,cm4 eyyn4 #ajjc4 ,cm4 ,ne ,i2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ny2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 ,ne4 #ajje4 ,cl4 ther-with 7om4 al74 _/_/ eyen ,cl4 ey4 #ajjf4 ,troye ,cl4 ,ed4 ,troilus and ,troye7672 ,h4 ,troilus7674 #ajaj4 al ,cl4 as4 _/_/ ,cl4 a-yen4 #ajac4 ,cl4 wich4 #ajad4 ,cm4 waxen2 ,h#b4 waxe2 rest woxen4 #ajaf4 ,cl4 folewede4 #ajah4 ,ed4 ,cythera4 #ajcb4 ,cl4 shorly2 om4 that2 tales4 #ajcc4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 put he before spak4 _/_/ ,ed4 selfe2 rest self4 #ajcd4 ,cl4 sore sykes4 #ajcf4 ,cp4 refte2 ,cl4 reste 7for refte72 ,h#b4 rafte2 ,h4 ref4 7for refte72 ,ed4 lefte2 ,cm4 reuyth4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 7#ast7 of2 ,h#b4 all2 rest om4 #ajci4 ,ed4 she2 rest he2 see note4 _/_/ ,cl4 onys4 #ajdc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 pencel2 rest pensel4 #ajdd4 ,cp4 ,h4 the2 rest om4 #ajde4 ,cl4 thorugh4 #ajdf4 ,cm4 wep2 rest wepte4 #ajdh4 ,cl4 om4 kepen4 #ajdi4 ,cm4 hele2 ,h#b4 helpe2 rest helen4 #ajec4 ,cl4 falsede4 #ajef4 ,cl4 falsede on2 gentilest4 #ajeg4 ,cl4 ,thas2 on2 worthyest4 #ajfj4 word ,cl4 wood4 #ajfb4 ,cl4 ,thorugh ought4 #ajgj4 ,cl4 om4 for4 _/_/ ,cm4 ,h#b4 om4 me4 #ajgg4 ,cl4 ,cp4 lady2 ,ed4 ,h#b4 ladyes2 rest om4 #ajgi4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,cm4 ne2 ,cl4 ,h4 to2 ,h#b4 om4 #ajha4 ,h#b4 might ,i2 ,cl4 ,cm4 myghty7672 ,ed4 shulde ,i2 ,cp4 sholde ,i2 ,h4 shold ,i4 #ajhc4 ,so all4 #ajhd4 ,cl4 giltles4 #ajhe4 ,cl4 ,ed4 ,and2 rest ,but4 #ajhi4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,tak4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 hise4 #ajij4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 fynden2 ,cl4 fynd2 rest fynde4 #ajia4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 that2 rest om4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 gan2 rest bigan4 #ajid4 the ,cl4 this4 #ajie4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 publisshed2 rest punisshed7674 #ajif4 oughte ,cl4 out4 #ajig4 ,cl4 ony4 #ajih4 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 so4 #aajj4 ,cl4 tolde4 #aajb4 ,cp4 hoot2 ,cl4 ,cm4 hot2 rest hote 7hoot74 #aaji4 ,h#b4 warme2 rest warmen4 _/_/ ,all est2 read th'est4 #aaac4 ,cl4 om4 of4 #aaad4 ,cp4 noon2 ,cm4 non2 rest noone 7none72 see #aabb4 #aaah4 ,cl4 here2 rest his4 #aabc4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 here4 #aabe4 ,cl4 twinnen2 rest winnen4 #aabh4 ,cl4 answered4 #aacj4 ,cl4 thanne2 a-yen4 #aacc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 cape2 rest gape4 #aaci4 ,h4 portours2 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 porters2 ,cl4 ,cm4 porterys4 #aadj4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 holde2 rest holden4 #aadb4 ,h#b4 comth2 ,h4 ,cm4 cometh2 ,cl4 ,cp4 come2 ,ed4 came4 #aadg4 hir ,cl4 his4 #aaec4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h4 whan that2 rest om4 that4 #aaee4 ,cl4 not to2 rest om4 to4 #aaef4 ,h4 nought2 ,cp4 ,ed4 naught2 rest not4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h4 ,cm4 for2 rest om4 #aafa4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 art2 rest arte4 #aafb4 fare ,ed4 farre2 ,h#b4 soory4 _/_/ ,all carte4 #aagj4 ,cl4 y-nowh4 #aagf4 ,ed4 ferne2 ,cl4 ,h4 fern2 ,cp4 farn4 #aagi4 hem ,cl4 hym4 #aahj4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 muste2 ,cp4 moste2 ,cl4 ,h4 most4 _/_/ ,cl4 beuen 7for bleuen72 ,h#b4 beleue4 #aaha4 ,ed4 within the2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 with-inne the2 rest with-inne4 #aahd4 ,h4 ,ed4 gladded2 ,cl4 ,cp4 gladed4 #aaia4 ,cl4 holden4 #aaig4 ,cl4 ony4 #aaih4 ,cl4 is fledde2 rest om4 is4 #abja4 ,cl4 ,cm4 hise4 #abjc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 nyst2 ,h4 ,cm4 nyste4 _/_/ ,cl4 myght2 ,cp4 ,h4 myghte4 #abjd4 ,cl4 byhyght2 ,cp4 ,h4 bihighte4 #abje4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 fifthe2 rest fifte4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 sexte4 #abjf4 of ,cm4 the2 ,cl4 om4 #abji4 hir ,cl4 he4 #abaa4 ,cl4 om4 for to4 #abac4 ,cl4 e wode2 rest om4 the4 #abae4 ,cl4 ,h4 wold4 #abag4 ,cl4 compaignye4 #abai4 ,ed4 defayte4 #abbc4 ,cl4 ,iire4 _/_/ ,cp4 omits #abcc-gd4 #abbd4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 axed2 ,ed4 asked2 ,cm4 axe2 ,cl4 asketh4 #abce4 ,cl4 welk2 ,h4 welke2 rest walked4 #abci4 ,cm4 slep2 rest slepte4 #abdh4 ,cl4 ony4 #abdi4 ,cl4 ellis4 #abej4 ,cl4 thorugh4 #abef4 ,cl4 ,iust2 ,h4 ,cm4 ,ed4 ,iuste4 #abei4 ,so ,cl42 ,h4 eseuraunce2 rest assuraunce4 #abfc4 ,cl4 trowen2 ony4 #abff4 ,all bigile 7begile74 #abgb4 ,ed4 slowe2 ,cl4 slowh2 ,h#b4 sloo2 ,h4 slewe4 _/_/ ,ed4 than alway2 ,cl4 ,h4 ,h#b4 alwey than4 _/_/ ,cm4 ,myn self to sle than thus alwey4 _/_/ ,cl4 compleyne2 rest to pleyne4 #abge4 ,cl4 answerede4 #abgh4 folk ,cl4 men4 #abgi4 ,cl4 dastow4 #abhe4 ,ed4 on2 ,h#b4 in2 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 o2 ,cm4 a4 #abhh4 ,cl4 a-righ4 #abhi4 ,cm4 thanne2 rest than4 #abib4 ,cl4 can4 #abic4 ,cl4 thow a lettre here4 #abid4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 brynge4 #abih4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 trowe2 rest trowen4 #acjj4 ,cl4 wheyther4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,cm4 ony4 #acja4 ,cl4 ellys4 #acjb4 ,cl4 ,and yf2 rest om4 ,and4 #acjc4 ,cp4 writen2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 wreten2 ,cm4 wrete2 ,h4 writon4 #acje4 ,cl4 ,the 7for ,ther74 #acaj4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 ,accorded2 rest ,acorded4 #acag4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ben haue4 #acbd4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 wite2 ,cp4 witen2 ,h4 wyten2 ,ed4 weten4 #accf4 ,cl4 terys4 #acdb4 ,cl4 om4 my4 #acdc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 masterte 7for me asterte74 #acde4 ,cl4 ony4 #acde-adbh4 ,h4 omits4 #acdg4 ,cl4 ought2 ,cp4 ,cm4 oughte4 #acdh4 ,cl4 ,cm4 monethes4 #acej4 ,cl4 ,ed4 ten dayes4 #acea4 ,cl4 ,cm4 monethes4 _/_/ ,cl4 retorne4 #aceb4 me ,cl4 ,i4 #aced4 ,cm4 sikis ,i sike4 #aceg4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 it youre wil2 ,ed4 ,cm4 your wyl it4 #acfc4 ,cl4 om4 to4 _/_/ ,cl4 mot2 ,cp4 moot2 rest mote4 #acfd4 up-on ,cl4 on4 #acfe4 ,cl4 ,cp4 yow2 rest to yow4 #acfh4 ,cl4 chyste2 ,cp4 chiste2 rest cheste4 #acgd4 ,cl4 wellys4 #acgd1 #f4 ,cm4 waxen2 ,cl4 ,ed4 woxen4 #acgf4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,cm4 harm2 rest harme4 #acgg4 ,cl4 ellys4 #achf4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,commeue2 ,ed4 ,can meuen2 ,cm4 ,remeue2 ,h#b4 ,remorde4 #achh4 more ,cl4 maner4 #acic4 ,cl4 ,ther2 ,h#b4 ,the 7for ,ther72 rest ,that4 #acid4 ,cl4 dothe4 #acig4 ,cl4 ,wit4 #acih4 ,ed4 ,cm4 disporte4 #adjj4 or ,cl4 er4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 deliuereth2 rest deliuere4 #adaj4 ,cl4 we ether 7for whether74 #adab4 ,read far'th4 #adae4 ,cl4 but that2 rest that but4 #adbj4 ,cl4 dyshese4 #adba4 ,cp4 ,ed4 add--,le vostre ,t42 see l4 #afca4 #adbd4 ,cl4 wrote a-yen4 #adbh4 ,cm4 ,ed4 nyste2 rest nyst4 #adcj4 ,cp4 swerth4 ,read swer'th1 lov'th2 ,ed4 swore she loued4 #addj4 ,cl4 slep2 ,h4 slepe4 _/_/ ,cm4 ne no word he ne seyde2 rest ne word 7worde7 seyde2 where worde word he4 #addb4 ,cl4 wax2 ,h4 ,cp4 ,cm4 wex4 #addd4 come ,cl4 ek4 #addf4 ,read out of8 #addh4 ,cl4 vntrothe4 _/_/ his ,cl4 here4 #adfa4 ,cl4 thorugh4 #adfb4 ,cl4 ek of2 rest om4 ek4 #adfd4 ,cl4 om4 wrooth4 #adff4 ,h4 ,nencens4 #adfh4 ,cm4 ,wrok2 ,h#b4 ,venged4 _/_/ ,cl4 cruwel4 #adfi4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 grete2 ,cm4 ,h#b4 gret4 #adgc4 ,cl4 om4 the4 #adge4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 mayden2 rest mayde4 #adhj4 ,cl4 om4 ,and4 _/_/ ,cl4 descendede4 #adhb4 ,but ,cl4 ,h4 ,and4 #adhd4 ,cl4 were it4 ,,latin4 #b4 ,cl4 doceat2 rest docet4 _/_/ ,cl4 insideas4 #c4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 ,hemoduden2 ,cm4 sinoduden2 ,ed4 ,hermodien2 read ,hemoniden 7,theb4 iii4 #db74 #i4 ,ed4 -peo2 ,h4 -pes2 rest -pea4 #aj4 ,cl4 ,flumine2 rest ,fulmine4 #ab4 ,ed4 ,argiuam2 rest ,argiua4 #adhe4 ,cl4 ,h4 told2 rest tolde4 #adhf4 ,cl4 strong2 rest stronge4 #adia4 ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 tolde2 rest told4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,ed4 ,h4 by2 ,cl4 the2 ,cm4 on4 #adic4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 slough2 ,cl4 slowh2 ,cm4 slow4 #adii4 ,cl4 ,h4 burynge2 ,cp4 ,h#b4 burying2 ,ed4 buryeng2 ,cm4 brenynge4 #aejj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 fil2 ,cl4 ful2 ,cm4 fel4 #aeja4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,argeyes2 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,argeys4 #aejb4 ,cl4 om4 how4 _/_/ in ,cl4 y4 #aejh4 ,cp4 scarmuche2 ,h4 scarmyche2 ,h#b4 ,ed4 scarmisshe2 ,cl4 scarmych4 _/_/ ,cl4 slowh2 ,cp4 ,h4 slough4 #aeae4 ,cl4 ,meleagree4 #aeaf4 so ,cl4 that4 #aeag4 ,cl4 ,h4 is2 rest his4 #aeah4 ,ed4 leaue4 #aeba4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 fals4 #aebb4 ,cm4 gret2 rest grete4 #aebc4 ,cl4 seystow2 ,cp4 ,h4 sestow2 ,ed4 seest thou2 ,h#b4 sest thou4 _/_/ ,cl4 fol2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 fool4 #aebh4 ,cl4 om4 was4 #aecd4 ,cl4 cruwel4 #aecg4 ,cp4 y-mad2 ,h4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 ymade2 ,cl4 made2 ,cm4 mad4 #aedj4 ,cp4 ,cl4 ,h4 dryeth2 rest dryueth4 #aedb4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 hire2 ,ed4 her2 rest here4 #aedc4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,thorugh4 #aedd4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 flitted2 ,cl4 ,h4 fletted4 #aedf4 brighte ,cl4 out4 #aeeb4 ,cl4 om4 him4 #aeee4 ,cl4 ,h4 thenketh4 #aeeh4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 the auentayle4 #aeei4 ,cl4 ,achille thorugh4 #aefc4 ,cl4 may it4 #aefg4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 om4 #bnd for4 #aegc4 ,cl4 a-yen4 #aegf4 ,cl4 ,cm4 gret4 #aegg4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h#b4 ,hym self2 rest ,hym seluen4 _/_/ ,ed4 ,cm4 disgyse2 ,cp4 desgise2 ,cl4 ,h4 degyse4 #aehb4 ,cl4 ,cp4 wep2 rest wepte4 #aehe4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 7#ast7 that2 rest om4 #aehf4 ,all ,that she2 ,i omit ,that4 #aehh4 ,cl4 om4 al4 #aeih4 ,cp4 pietee2 ,cm4 pete2 rest pite4 #afja4 ,cl4 a-yen4 _/_/ ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ne2 rest om4 #afjb4 ,cl4 ,cm4 om4 that4 #afjg4 ,cl4 nys not2 rest om4 not4 #afjh4 ,cl4 ,h4 thenketh4 #afae4 ,cl4 om4 ,how4 #afah4 ,all ,come 7,com74 #afah4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,h#b4 disioynt4 #afbc4 ,cl4 om4 that4 #afbe4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 an2 rest on4 _/_/ ,cl4 yuyl4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 that ye2 rest om4 that4 #afbi4 ,cl4 ,of2 rest ,eek4 #afcj4 ,h4 ,h#b4 ,the entente4 #afca4 ,h4 ,ed4 add--,la vostre ,c4 #afcb4 ,so ,cp4 ,h42 ,cl4 ,this lettre this ,troilus4 #afcd4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,ed4 kalendes2 ,h4 kalendas2 ,cm4 kalendis4 _/_/ ,ed4 eschaunge4 #afcf4 ,cl4 now2 rest ne4 #afdj4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ony4 #afdc4 ,cl4 trewe2 rest kynde4 #afde4 been ,cl4 gon4 #afea4 ,cl4 arme 7for armure74 #afeb4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,biforn2 ,ed4 ,beforne2 rest ,byfore4 #afec4 ,cl4 ,h4 which4 #affa4 ,cl4 broch2 rest broche4 #affd4 ,cl4 a-yen4 #affg4 ,cl4 forth hom2 rest om4 forth4 #affi4 ,all word or worde 7put for ord74 #afgd4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ,thanne4 #afha4 ,cl4 other2 rest othes4 #afhd4 and ,cl4 or4 #afhe4 ,cl4 cruwel4 #afhh4 ,cm4 leste4 #afid4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,cm4 shewen2 ,cl4 shewe4 #afig4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,cm4 with-inne2 rest with-in4 #agja4 ,cl4 ,cm4 ony4 #agjb-ahfi4 ,lost in ,cm4 #agjh4 on ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 of4 #agji4 ,h#b4 ,pandare2 rest ,pandarus4 #agaa4 ,cl4 thow2 rest thee4 _/_/ ,cl4 lyst2 ,cp4 ,h4 ,h#b4 ,ed4 liste4 #agae4 ,cl4 slep2 drem4 #agag4 ,cl4 hensforth2 ,cp4 ,h4 hennes forth4 #agai4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 be the2 ,cl4 ,h#b4 by this4 #agbd4 ,cl4 ,h4 wist4 #agbe4 ,cl4 a-yen2 answerede4 #agbh4 ,ed4 ,h#b4 astonyed4 #agcj4 ,cl4 last4 #agca4 ,cl4 dere brother4 #agce4 un-to ,cl4 to4 #agcf1 #g4 ,cl4 dede4 #agdj4 ,cl4 dredles4 #agde4 hir ,cl4 his4 #agea4 ,cl4 cruwel4 #agee4 ,cl4 ,h#b4 dredles4 #agef4 ,cl4 cruwely4 #agfj4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ed4 weren2 ,cl4 were4 #agfa4 ,cl4 cruwel4 #agfe4 ,cl4 wryten4 #agfg4 ,cl4 wold2 hise2 battayles 7read batail-ls74 #agfi4 ,h#b4 that 7for as72 rest seyd as ,i can2 read as that4 #aggj4 ,cl4 ,hese4 #agga4 ,cl4 ,h4 ,red2 rest ,rede4 #aggd4 ,ed4 ,al be it that4 #aggg4 ,all write4 #aggh4 ,cl4 goode4 #aggi4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,ny 7for ,ne ,i74 #aghj4 ,ed4 betrayed4 #aghc4 ,ed4 ,betrayen4 #aghg4 ,cl4 makere4 #aghh4 ,ed4 make2 rest make in2 7read maken 874 #aghi4 ,cl4 ,cp4 ,h4 nenuye2 ,h#b4 enuye4 _/_/ ,ed4 make thou none enuye4 #agia4 ,cl4 ther-as4 _/_/ ,cl4 ,ed4 pace2 rest space4 #agib4 ,ed4 ,of ,vergil2 rest om4 ,of4 #agih4 ,cl4 ,cp4 om4 ,i2 rest god ,i2 but read ,i god4 #agii4 ,cl4 rathere4 #ahjb4 ,cl4 thousandys hese4 #ahjc4 ,cl4 ony4 #ahjf4 ,cl4 slowh4 _/_/ ,h#b4 fers4 #ahjg-ahbg4 ,not in ,h#b4 #ahji4 ,ed4 holownesse2 ,cl4 holwghnesse2 ,cp4 ,h4 holughnesse4 _/_/ ,all seuenthe4 #ahaj4 ,cl4 lettynge2 ,h4 letynge2 ,cp4 ,ed4 letyng4 #ahab4 ,cl4 ,th 7for ,the74 #ahad4 ,cp4 ,h4 thennes2 ,cl4 thens4 #ahbd4 ,cl4 om4 that4 #ahbe4 ,ed4 shulden2 ,h4 ,cp4 sholden2 ,cl4 shuld4 #ahdc4 ,cl4 cros2 ,cp4 ,h4 crois4 #ahdi4 rytes ,cl4 vyces4 #aheb4 ,cl4 trauayle4 #ahec4 ,ed4 and 7for #crd of74 #ahee4 ,cl4 om4 ye4 #ahef4 ,cp4 book2 rest boke 7booke74 #aheg4 ,cl4 ,h4 om4 to4 #ahei4 ,cp4 ,ed4 goode2 ,h4 ,h#b4 good2 ,cl4 garde4 #ahfb4 ,cl4 om4 to4 #ahfg4 ,cl4 eurychon4 #ahfh4 ,cl4 grace2 rest mercy4 ,,colophon3 ,so ,h42 ,cl4 has ,criseide2 ,cp4 ,explicit ,liber ,troily4 ,,notes ,,to ,,boethius4 ,,book ,i4 ,,metre #a4 ,in order to elucidate the ,english text1 ,i frequently quote the original ,latin1 usually from the text of ,t4 ,obbarius1 ,jena1 #ahdc4 ,see further in the ,introduction4 #c4 rendinge1 ,lat4 'lacerae'2 rather rent1 or tattered4 ,the sense 'rending' occurs in ,ovid1 ,met4 viii4 #hhj4 #f4 that is to seyn4 ,the words in italics are not in the original1 but were added by ,chaucer as explanatory4 ,throughout the treatise1 ,i print all such passages in italics4 #h4 werdes1 'weirds1' fate4 ',gloria felicis olim uiridisque iuuentae ,solantur maesti nunc mea fata senis4' #ab4 slake1 better slakke2 cf4 ,cant4 ,ta4 ,e4 #ahdi4 empted1 'effeto4' ,,ms4 ,c4 has emty4 #ac4 in yeres 444 swete3 'dulcibus annis4' #ad4 y-cleped1 invoked2 'uocata1' sc4 'mors4' ,cf4 ,troilus1 iv4 #ejc4 #af4 naiteth1 refuseth2 'negat4' ,icel4 neita1 to say nay4 #ag4 lighte1 i4e4 transitory2 'leuibus 444 bonis4' ,the gloss 'sc4 temporels' 7in ,a7 gives the right sense4 sc4 scilicet1 namely2 the form temporels is the ,french plural4 #ah1 #ai4 ,but now3 ',nunc quia fallacem mutauit nubila uultum1 ,protrahit ingratas impia uita moras4' ,the translation unagreable dwellinges is an unhappy one4 #bb4 in stedefast degree1 in a secure position2 'stabili 444 gradu4' ,with regard to the last sentence1 ,mr4 ,stewart remarks1 in his essay on ,boethius1 that ,chaucer here 'actually reproduces the original ,latin metre1' i4e4 a hexameter and pentameter4 ,the true ,m4 ,e4 pronunciation must1 for this purpose1 be entirely neglected2 which amounts to saying that ,chaucer must have been profoundly unconscious of any such intention4 ,,prose #a4 #b4 and markede3 'querimoniamque lacrimabilem stili officio designarem4' ,hence markede is 'wrote down'2 and pointel refers to the stilus4 ,cf4 ,som4 ,tale1 ,d #agdb4 with office1 by the use 7of74 #f4 empted1 exhausted2 'inexhausti uigoris4' ,of course the woman here described is ,philosophia4 #i4 doutous2 'statura discretionis ambiguae4' #ab4 heef1 heaved2 ,a4 ,s4 hof4 ,in ,layamon1 hof1 haf1 heaf4 ,i put heef for hef1 because the e is long4 #ac4 so that3 'respicientiumque hominum frustrabatur intuitum4' #ad4 delye 7so in both ,,mss47 deli-e1 ,o4 ,f4 deli 7see ,cotgrave71 delicate1 thin1 slender1 from ,lat4 delicatus1 with the usual loss of c between two vowels and before the accented syllable2 ,lat4 'tenuissimis filis4' ,after crafte it would have been better to insert and2 ,lat4 'indissolubilique materi4' ,but some ,,mss41 including ,c41 omit que4 #ah4 as it is wont3 'ueluti fumosas imagines solet4' #ba4 a ,grekissh ,p2 i4e4 ,,pi4 a ,grekissh ,t2 i4e4 ,,theta1 not ,,tau2 the ,greek theta being pronounced as t in ,latin4 ,the reference is to ,greek3 philosophia praktik kai thertik2 in ,latin1 ,philosophia ,actiua et ,contemplatiua2 i4 e4 ,practical 7or ,active7 and ,theoretical 7or ,contemplative7 ,philosophy4 ,this is the same distinction as that between the ,vita ,actiua and ,vita ,contemplatiua1 so common in medieval literature2 see note 7#c7 to the ,sec4 ,non4 ,tale1 ,g #hg2 and note to ,p4 ,plowman1 ,b4 vi4 #bea4 #bf4 corven1 cut1 cut away pieces from2 ,lat4 'sciderant4' #cc4 cruel1 i4 e4 stern2 'toruis4' #cd4 thise comune3 'has scenicas meretriculas4' #ci4 no-thing fructefyinge2 'infructuosis4' ,hence we may perhaps prefer to read no-thing fructuous1 as in ,caxton and ,thynne4 #da4 holden3 'hominumque mentes assuefaciunt morbo1 non liberant4' #de4 for-why1 because 7very common72 seldom interrogative4 #dg4 me1 from me2 and1 in fact1 ,caxton and ,thynne read from me or fro me4 ,the forms ,eleaticis1 c4 are due to the ,lat4 text--',eleaticis atque ,academicis studiis4' ,he should rather have said--'scoles of ,elea and of the ,academie4' ,the ,eleatici philosophi were the followers of ,zeno of ,elea 7,zeno ,eleates1 born about ,b4 ,c4 #dhh at ,elea 7,velia7 in ,italy71 and the favourite disciple of ,parmenides 7who is expressly mentioned in ,book iii4 pr4 #ab1 l4 #adc74 ,the ,academic philosophers were followers of ,plato4 #di4 mermaidenes2 ,lat4 ',sirenes1' ,sirens2 cf4 ,n4 ,p4 ,tale1 ,b #ddfa1 and note4 til it be at the laste2 a false translation4 ,rather unto destruction2 'usque in exitium4' ,but1 instead of exitium1 ,,ms4 ,c4 has exitum4 #ee4 plounged1 drowned2 'mersa4' ,cf4 dreint1 ,met4 #b1 l4 #a4 #ei4 ner1 nearer2 comparative1 not positive2 'propius4' ,,metre #b4 #b4 mintinge1 intending2 'tendit 444 ire4' ,still in use in ,cambridgeshire4 #h4 sterres of the cold moon3 'gelidae sidera lunae4' ,i suppose this means the constellations seen by moonlight1 but invisible in the day4 ,the expression sidus lunae1 the moon's bright form1 occurs in ,pliny1 ,nat4 ,hist4 ii4 #i4 #f2 but it is difficult to see how sidera can have the same sense1 as some commentators say4 #i4 recourses1 orbits2 referring to the planets4 y-flit1 moved or whirled along by their different spheres2 alluding to the old ,ptolemaic system of astronomy1 which supposed that each planet was fastened to a revolving sphere1 thus causing it to perform its orbit in a certain time1 varying in the case of each4 this man3 ',comprensam sc4 stellam in numeris uictor habebat4' #af4 highteth1 adorns2 'ornet4' ,prob4 from the sb4 hight1 hiht 7,a4 ,s4 hyht71 joy1 delight4 #ag4 fleteth1 flows 7i4e4 abounds72 'grauidis influat uuis4' #bj4 empted3 ',nunc iacet effeto lumine mentis4' #bb4 fool1 i4e4 foolish1 witless1 senseless2 'stolidam4' ,,prose #b4 #f4 armures1 i4e4 defensive armour2 'arma4' #h4 in sikernesse3 'inuicta te firmitate tuerentur4' #ad4 litargie2 better letargye1 i4e4 lethargy4 ,cf4 ,troil4 i4 #gcj4 #ai4 yplyted1 pleated into a wrinkle2 'contracta in rugam ueste4' ,,metre #c4 #a4 discussed1 driven away2 'discuss 444 nocte4' #d4 clustred2 'glomerantur'2 or 'covered with clouds1' as ,chaucer says4 #e4 ,chorus1 ,corus1 or ,caurus1 the north-west wind4 #f4 ploungy1 stormy1 rainy2 'nimbosis 444 imbribus4' #h4 ,borias1 ,boreas1 the north wind1 from ,thrace4 #i4 caves2 better cave1 as in ,caxton and ,thynne2 ,lat4 'antro4' beteth2 'uerberet'2 hence ,chaucer's gloss4 #aa4 y-shaken1 'uibratus'2 i4e4 tremulous1 sparkling4 ,,prose #c4 #b4 took1 drew in1 received light2 'hausi caelum4' #d4 beholde1 the present tense2 'respicio4' #aj4 norry1 pupil1 lit4 nourished one2 'alumne4' #aa4 parten the charge1 share the burden4 #ae4 redoute my blame1 fear blame4 agrysen1 shudder4 #af4 quasi diceret non1 as if she would say no2 as if she expected the answer no4 ,this remark is often inserted by ,chaucer4 #ai4 ,plato2 ,b4,c4 #dbh-cdg4 ,before his time1 ,solon1 ,anaxagoras1 and ,pythagoras all met with opposition4 ,the fate of ,socrates is well known4 #ba4 ,the heritage3 ',cuius hereditatem cum deinceps ,epicureum uulgus ac ,stoicum1 ceterique pro sua quisque parte raptum ire molirentur1 meque reclamantem renitentemque uelut in partem praedae detraherent1 uestem1 quam meis texueram manibus1 disciderunt1 abreptisque ab ea panniculis1 totam me sibi cessisse credentes abiere4' #ch4 ,anaxogore1 ,anaxagoras1 a ,greek philosopher 7,b4,c4 #ejj-dbh72 exiled from ,athens 7,b4,c4 #dej74 #ci4 ,zeno2 ,zeno of ,elea 7see p4 #dbj71 born about ,b4,c4 #dhh1 is said to have risked his life to defend his country4 ,his fate is doubtful4 #dj4 ,senecciens1 apparently meant for 'the followers of ,seneca4' ,the original has3 'at ,canios1 at ,senecas1 at ,soranos 444 scire potuisti4' ,canios1 the ,canii2 i4 e4 men like ,canius4 ,the constancy and death of ,julius ,canius 7or ,canus7 is related by ,seneca1 ,de ,tranquillitate1 cap4 xiv4 ,cf4 ,pr4 iv4 #aca1 and note1 p4 #dbd4 #da4 ,sorans1 the ,sorani2 men like ,soranus4 ,soranus is mentioned in ,tacitus1 ,annal4 xvi4 #bc4 ,caxton and ,thynne read ,soranos1 as in the ,latin text4 #db4 unsolempne1 uncelebrated2 'incelebris4' #di4 it is to dispyse1 it 7the host7 is to be despised4 #ec4 ententif1 busy about seizing useless baggage as spoil4 sarpulers1 sacks made of coarse canvas2 in ,caxton1 sarpleris2 'sarcinulas4' ,cotgrave has3 ',serpillere1 a ,sarpler1 or ,sarp-cloth1 a piece of course canvas to pack up things in4' ,cf4 mod4 ,f4 serpillire4 #ef4 palis1 also spelt paleis 7,o4 ,f4 palis71 lit4 a palisading1 or a piece of strong paling1 a rampart1 used to translate ,lat4 uallum4 ,when spelt paleis1 it must not be confused with paleis1 a palace4 ,,metre #d4 #c4 either fortune1 good fortune or bad4 #e4 hete3 ',versum funditus excitantis aestum4' ,i suppose that aestum is rather 'surge' than 'heat' here4 ,see ,met4 vii4 below1 l4 #c4 #f4 ,vesevus1 ',veseuus'2 the same as ,vesuvius2 cf4 ,vergil1 ,georg4 ii4 #bbd4 #g4 wrytheth1 writhes out1 throws forth wreaths of smoke4 ,here the old printed editions by ,caxton and ,thynne1 as well as ,,ms4 ,ii4 #a4 #ch1 happily restore the text2 ,lat4 ',torquet4' #h4 ,caxton and ,thynne have thonder-leyte1 which is perhaps better4 ,,ms4 ,ii4 #a4 #ch has thonder leit4 #ac4 stable of his right3 'stabilis1 suique iuris4' ,,prose #d4 #b4 ,artow lyk4 ,the original is partly in ,greek4 ',an ,greek3 onos luras8' ,some ,,mss4 have3 ',esne ,greek3 onos pros luran8' ,and ,,ms4 ,c4 has3 ',esne asinus ad liram8' ,in an edition of ,boethius by ,renatus ,vallinus1 printed in #afef1 ,i find the following note3 ',ut et omnes veteres scripsere1 ,varro in satyra qu ,testamentum inscribitur apud ,agellium1 lib4 iii4 cap4 xvi3 ,ii liberi1 si erunt ,greek3 onoi luras1 exheredes sunto4 ,suidas ex ,menandro1 ,lucianus1 ,martian4 ,capella1 lib4 viii41 atque alii quos refert ,erasmus1 in eo adagio4 ,imo et apud ,varronem id nominis satyra extitit4' ,it has clearly a proverbial reference to dullness of perception4 ,ch4 quotes it again in his ,troilus1 i4 #gca1 where he so explains it4 #c4 why spillestow teres1 why do you waste tears2 ',quid lacrimis manas8' ,after these words occur1 in the original1 four ,greek words which ,chaucer does not translate1 viz43 ,greek3 ,exauda1 m keuthe no3 i4 e4 speak out1 do not hide them in your mind2 quoted from ,homer1 ,iliad i4 #cfc4 ,with lines #c and #d compare ,troilus1 i4 #heg4 #g4 by him-self1 in itself2 'per se4' ,alluding to 'sharpnesse1' i4 e4 'asperitas4' #ae4 enformedest1 didst conform2 'formares4' #ag4 ordre of hevene2 'ad caelestis ordinis exemplar4' ,this refers to the words of ,plato just at the end of the #ith book of ,the ,republic3 ,greek3 en ouran iss paradeigma anakeitai4 ,cf4 also the last lines of ,book ,,ii of the present treatise4 #ah4 confermedest 7,,ms4 ,a1 enfourmedist71 didst confirm2 'sanxisti4' ,the reading conformedest evidently arose from confusion with enformedest above1 in l4 #ae4 #ai4 mouth of ,plato2 referring to ,book ,v 7#dgc ,d7 of the ,republic3 ,greek3 ean m1 hoi philosophoi basileussin en tais polesin1 hoi basils te nyn legomenoi ki dynastai philosophssi gnsis te kai hikans1 kai touto eis tauton xympes1 dynamis te politik kai philosophia2 tn de nyn poreuomenn chris eph' hekateron hai pollai physeis ex ananks apokleisthsin1 ouk esti kakn paula 444 tais polesi2 dok de1 oude t anthrpin genei4 #bd4 the same ,plato2 in the #fth ,dialogue on the ,republic4 #be4 cause1 reason2 'caussam4' wyse1 i4e4 'for wise men4' #bg4 felonous tormentours citizenes1 citizens who are wicked and oppressive2 the substantives are in apposition4 #cc4 knowinge with me1 my witnesses2 'mihi 444 conscii4' #cf4 discordes 444 preyeres2 'inexorabilesque discordiae4' #cg4 for this libertee1 c42 'et quod conscientiae libertas habet4' #da4 ,conigaste1 ,conigastus1 or ,cunigastus2 mentioned in ,cassiodorus1 ,epist4 lib4 viii4 ep4 #bh4 ,the facts here referred to are known only from the present passage4 prospre fortunes translates 'fortunas' simply2 it seems to mean 'success' or 'well-being4' #dc4 ,trigwille1 ,triguilla2 'regiae praepositum domus4' #de4 auctoritee2 'obiecta periculis auctoritate protexi4' #eb4 cariages1 taxes2 'uectigalibus4' ,see a similar use in the ,pers4 ,tale1 ,i #geb1 and note4 #ei4 inplitable1 intricate3 'inexplicabilis4' coempcioun1 an imposition so called2 see ,chaucer's explanation below1 in l4 #fd4 ,in ,greek1 ,greek3 synn4 #fa4 ,campaigne1 ,campania1 in ,italy1 provost2 'praefectum praetorii4' #fd-fg4 ,see the footnote4 ,i have here transposed this gloss1 so as to make it follow1 instead of preceding1 the mention of coempcioun in the text4 #fh4 ,paulin1 ,decius ,paulinus1 consul in #dih2 mentioned in ,cassiodorus1 ,epist4 lib4 i4 epist4 #bc1 lib4 iii4 epist4 #bi4 #fi4 houndes2 ',palatini canes4' #gc4 ,albin1 perhaps ,decius ,albinus1 to whom ,theodoric addressed a letter preserved in ,cassiodorus1 lib4 iv4 ep4 #cj4 ,see l4 #aef below4 #ge4 ,ciprian1 ,cyprian4 ,we know something of him from two letters in ,cassiodorus1 ,epist4 v4 #dj1 #da4 ,theodoric esteemed him highly4 ,see a discussion of his career in ,h4 ,f4 ,stewart's ,essay on ,boethius1 pp4 #db-eb4 #gh4 to hem-ward1 i4e4 for the benefit of the officers around me2 'mihi 444 nihil apud aulicos1 quo magis essem tutior1 reseruaui4' #ha4 ,basilius4 ,not much is known of him2 see ,h4 ,f4 ,stewart1 as above1 p4 #dh4 #hb4 compelled1 i4e4 bribed to accuse me4 for nede of foreine moneye3 'alienae aeris necessitate4' #hd4 ,opilion1 ,opilio2 the ,opilio mentioned in ,cassiodorus1 lib4 v4 epist4 #da1 and lib4 viii4 epist4 #af1 and brother of the ,cyprian mentioned above1 l4 #ge4 ,his father's name was ,opilio likewise4 #hi4 aperceived1 made known4 the king1 i4e4 ,theodoric1 king of ,italy for #cc years1 ,a4,d4 #dic-ebf4 ,his reign was1 on the whole1 good and glorious1 but he committed the great crime of putting to death both ,boethius and his aged father-in-law ,symmachus1 for which he afterwards expressed his deep repentance4 ,see ,gibbon's ,roman ,empire4 ,the chief record of his reign is in the collection of twelve books of public epistles composed in his name by ,cassiodorus4 ,the seat of his government was ,ravenna1 as mentioned below4 #ic4 lykned2 rather1 added2 ,lat4 'posse adstrui uidetur4' #ie-aid4 ,see a translation into modern ,english of the whole of this passage1 in ,h4 ,f4 ,stewart's ,essay1 pp4 #cg-da4 #aja4 axestow in somme1 if you ask particularly2 'summam quaeris8' #ajf1 #ajg4 forsake1 deny4 have wold1 have willed1 did wish4 #aji4 and that ,i confesse4 ,here ,chaucer's version seems to be quite at fault4 ',at uolui1 nec unquam uelle desistam4 ,fatebimur8 ,,ms4 ,c4 ,et fatebimur4 ,sed impediendi delatoris opera cessabit4' #aac4 by me1 with regard to me2 'de me4' #aag4 ,socrates2 in ,plato's ,republic1 ,book ,,vi3 ,greek3 tn apseudeian 444 misein1 tn d' altheian stergein 7#dhe ,c74 #abj4 preisen1 appraise1 judge of3 'aestimandum4' #aca4 ,canius1 better ,canus1 i4e4 ',julius ,canus1 whose philosophic death is described by ,seneca1 ,de ,tranquillitate ,animi1 cap4 xiv4'--,gibbon4 ,he has already been mentioned above1 ,prose iii4 l4 #dj4 #acb4 ,germeynes sone1 the son of ,germanicus4 ,this ,gaius ,csar is better known as ,caligula1 the emperor who succeeded ,tiberius4 #adc4 famileres1 friends1 i4e4 disciples1 viz4 ,epicurus1 in the ,de ,ira ,divina1 cap4 xiii 7,stewart74 #aed4 ,verone1 ,verona2 next to ,ravenna1 the favourite residence of ,theodoric4 #aef4 his real maiestee1 high treason1 lit4 'his royal majesty'2 ,lat4 'maiestatis crimen4' ,the king was intent upon repressing all freedom of speech4 #afg4 submittede1 subdued3 'summitteret4' #aga4 present1 i4e4 he would1 even in such a case1 have been allowed to appear in his defence1 would have been called upon to confess his crime1 and would have been condemned in a regular manner4 #agc4 fyve hundred1 nearly #ejj miles4 ,boethius was imprisoned in a tower at ,pavia4 #agf4 as who seith1 nay2 i4e4 it is said ironically4 ,the senate well deserve that no one should ever defend them as ,i did1 and be convicted for it4 #aha4 sacrilege2 glossed sorcerie3 'sacrilegio4' ,sorcery or magic is intended4 ',at the command of the barbarians1 the occult science of a philosopher was stigmatised with the names of sacrilege and magic4'--,gibbon4 ,see below1 l4 #aif4 #ahf4 ,pictagoras1 ,pythagoras4 ,the saying here attributed to him is given in the original in ,greek--,greek3 hepou the4 ,some ,,mss4 add the gloss1 i4 deo non diis seruiendum4 ,,ms4 ,c4 has3 deo et non diis sacrificandum4 #ahh4 ,i1 i4 e4 for me4 ,a remarkable grammatical use4 #aij4 right clene3 'penetral innocens domus4' #aic4 thorugh1 i4 e4 for4 ,caxton and ,thynne read for4 #aie4 feith3 'de te tanti criminis fidem capiunt4' #aih4 it suffiseth nat only 444 but-yif1 this alone is insufficient 444 unless thou also1 c4 of thy free wille3 'ultro4' #bab4 good gessinge1 high esteem3 'existimatio bona4' #bae4 charge1 burden1 load3 'sarcinam4' #bai4 by gessinge1 in men's esteem3 'existimatione4' #bbc4 for drede3 'nostri discriminis terrore4' ,,metre #e4 #a4 whele1 sphere3 'orbis4' ,not only were there seven spheres allotted to the planets1 but there was an eighth larger sphere1 called the sphere of fixed stars1 and a ninth 'sphere of first motion1' or primum mobile1 which revolved round the earth once in #bd hours1 according to the ,ptolemaic astronomy4 ,this is here alluded to4 ,god is supposed to sit in an immoveable throne beyond it4 #c4 sweigh1 violent motion2 the very word used in the same connexion in the ,man of ,lawes ,tale1 ,b #bif2 see note to that passage4 #d4 ful hornes1 i4 e4 her horns filled up1 as at full moon1 when she meets 'with alle the bemes' of the ,sun1 i4 e4 reflects them fully4 #g4 derke hornes1 horns faintly shining1 as when the moon1 a thin crescent1 is near the sun and nearly all obscured4 ',the bente mone with hir hornes pale2' ,troil4 iii4 #fbd4 #i4 cometh eft ayein hir used cours1 returns towards her accustomed course1 i4 e4 appears again1 as usual1 as a morning-star1 in due course4 ,i think the text is incorrect2 for cometh read torneth1 i4 e4 turns4 ,lat4 text3 ',solitas iterum mutet habenas4' ,the planet ,venus1 towards one apparent extremity of her orbit1 follows the sun1 as an evening-star2 and again1 towards the other apparent extremity1 precedes it as a morning-star4 ,so ,cicero1 ,de ,nat4 ,deorum1 ii4 #bj4 #ec3 'dicitur ,lucifer1 cum antegreditur solem1 cum subsequitur autem1 ,hesperus4' #aa4 restreinest1 shortenest2 the sun's apparent course being shorter in winter4 ,lat4 'stringis4' #ac4 swifte tydes1 short times2 viz4 of the summer nights4 #ai4 ,arcturus1 alpha ,botis1 in the sign ,libra2 conspicuous in the nights of spring4 #bj4 ,sirius1 alpha ,canis ,maioris1 or the ,dog-star1 in the sign of ,cancer2 seen before sun-rise in the so-called dog-days1 in ,july and ,august4 ,it was supposed that the near approach of ,sirius to the ,sun caused great heat4 #ba4 his lawe1 i4e4 'its law'2 and so again in his propre4 #bh4 on4 ,caxton and ,thynne rightly read on4 #bi4 derke derknesses1 obscure darkness3 'obscuris 444 tenebris4' ,not a happy expression4 #ca4 covered and kembd3 'compta4' ,cf4 kembde in ,squi4 ,ta4 ,f #efj4 #cg4 erthes1 lands2 the pl4 is used1 to translate 'terras4' #da4 bonde1 i4e4 the chain of love2 see ,bk4 ii4 ,met4 #h4 l4 #ae4 ,,prose #e4 #a4 borken out1 barked out2 'delatraui4' ,,ms4 ,a4 changes borken into broken4 ,the glossaries1 c41 all seem to miss this excellent example of the strong pp4 of berken4 ,borken appears as a pt4 t4 pl4 in the ,king of ,tars1 l4 #djj4 ,the ,a4,s4 pp4 borcen appears in the ,a4,s4 ,leechdoms1 ed4 ,cockayne1 i4 #agj1 l4 #ag4 #ad4 oo 444 king4 ,the original is in ,greek--,greek3 heis koiranos estin1 heis basileus3 quoted from ,homer1 ,iliad1 ii4 #bjd1 with the change from ,greek3 est to ,greek3 estin4 #ah1 #ai4 thy citee1 i4e4 the city of heaven2 note the context4 #bb4 palis1 paling1 rampart2 'uallo4' ,clearer than paleis1 as in ,a1 which might mean palace2 but both spellings occur in ,french4 #be4 face 7facies71 the look of this prison4 #ca4 in comune good1 for the common good3 'in commune bonum4' #cd4 thinges 444 aposed1 accusations2 'delatorum4' #de4 thy wode ,muse3 ',musae saeuientis'2 cf4 ,met4 #e above1 l4 #bb4 #ea4 thilke passiouns3 'ut quae in tumorem perturbationibus influentibus induruerunt4' #ed4 by an esier touchinge refers to the preceding mowen 444 softe3 'tactu blandiore mollescant4' ,,metre #f4 ,this ,metre refers to the necessity of doing everything in its proper season4 #b4 ',when the sun is in ,cancer'2 i4e4 in the month of ,june4 #d4 lat him gon1 let him go and eat acorns4 #f4 whan the feld3 ',cm saeuis ,aquilonibus ,stridens campus inhorruit4' ,chirkinge1 hoarse1 rustling2 alluding to the rustling of frozen grass in a high wind4 #ae4 ,and forthy3 ',sic quod praecipiti ui ,certum deserit ordinem1 ,laetos non habet exitus4' ,,prose #f4 #aj4 by fortunous fortune3 'fortuitis casibus4' ,not well expressed4 #ad4 the same 444 thou1 thou didst sing the same thing4 ,see ,met4 v4 #bb4 #ag4 owh6 an exclamation of astonishment3 ,lat4 'papae4' #ah4 why that thou3 'cur in tam salubri sententi locatus aegrotes4' #bj4 ,i not 444 what3 'nescio1 quid abesse coniecto4' #bb4 with whiche governailes1 by what sort of government4 #bh4 the strengthe1 the strength of the gaping stockade discloses an opening3 'uelut hiante ualli robore4' ,the corruption of chyning to schynyng in ,,ms4 ,a4 makes sad nonsense of the passage4 #db4 they may nat al3 'sibique totum extirpare non possint4' #ee4 or elles the entree3 'uel aditum reconciliandae sospitatis inueni4' #ef4 ,for-why1 for1 ,because1 since4 for-thy1 therefore4 #fd4 the auctor 444 of hele3 'sospitatis auctori4' #fe4 norisshinges2 perhaps better norisshing1 as in ,caxton and ,thynne2 'fomitem1' i4 e4 furtherance4 #ga4 faster1 firmer1 stronger3 'firmioribus4' #gf4 to maken thinne and wayk3 'attenuare4' #gg4 meneliche1 moderate3 'mediocribus4' ,,metre #g4 #a4 yeten a-doun1 pour down2 'fundere4' ,not geten1 as in ,a4 #b4 trouble1 turbid2 ',turbidus ,auster4' #c4 medleth the hete3 ',misceat aestum4' ,see above1 ,met4 iv4 l4 #e4 #e4 clere as glas2 cf4 ,knight's ,tale1 ,a #aieh4 withstande3 ',mox resoluto ,sordida caeno1 ,visibus obstat4' #g4 royleth1 wanders2 'uagatur4' ,not 'rolls4' #aa4 holden1 keep to2 cf4 ',hold the hye wey'2 ,truth1 l4 #bj4 weyve3 ',gaudia pelle1 ,pelle timorem2 ,spemque fugato4' ,,book ,,ii4 ,,prose #a4 #ac4 to begyle2 copied in ,troil4 iv4 #b1 #c3-- '---- y-thonked be ,fortune1 ,that semeth trewest whan she wol bigyle4' #bb4 myn entree3 'de nostro adyto4' ,but ,chaucer has translated 'adyto' as if it were 'aditu4' ,he translates aditum by entree in ,bk4 i4 ,pr4 #f1 l4 #ee4 ,adyto is 'sanctuary4' #bh4 ,com1 i4 e4 let 7it7 come2 imperative3 ',adsit igitur rhetoricae suadela dulcedinis4' #cb4 moedes1 moods1 strains2 'modos4' prolaciouns1 utterances4 #ce4 ,compare ,chaucer's poem on ,fortune2 and see the long note at the beginning of the ,notes to that poem4 #de4 use hir maneres2 rather1 make the best of her conduct3 'utere moribus4' agrysest1 shudderest at1 dreadest4 #dh4 ,she hath forsaken3 ',reliquit enim te1 quam non relicturam nemo umquam poterit esse securus4' #ea4 ,the ,,mss4 usually agree in this clause4 ,chaucer's gloss is due to an obscure note in ,,ms4 ,c41 viz4 'vel quam non relictam1 secundum alios libros4' ,other notes occur there1 but do not help us4 #fh4 floor3 'intra fortunae aream4' ,we say 'area' or 'domain4' #gg4 amonges1 at various times1 from time to time1 now and then2 see ,new ,e4 ,dict41 s4v4 ,among1 ,b4 #b4 #hc4 cesede1 would cease2 copied in ,troil4 i4 #hdh3-- ',for if hir wheel stinte any-thing to torne1 ,than cessed she ,fortune anoon to be4' ,,metre #a4 #c4 ,eurype1 ,euripus2 a narrow channel1 with a strong current2 especially that between ,boeotia and ,euboea4 ,this use of the word is here seen to be far older in ,english than the quotation from ,holland's ,pliny in the ,new ,e4 ,dict4 #h4 so hard3 ',ultroque gemitus1 dura quos fecit1 ridet4' #i4 laugheth1 laughs at2 'ridet4' ,it is impossible to accept the reading lyssheth in ,c4 ,there seems to be no such word4 ,it probably arose from the attempt of the scribe to represent the guttural sound of gh1 because we actually find him writing neysshebour for neighbour twice1 viz4 in ,bk4 ii4 ,pr4 #c4 #bd1 and in ,pr4 #g4 #eg4 ,this passage is imitated in ,troil4 iv4 #g3 ',than laugheth she and maketh him the mowe4' ,,prose #b4 #a4 ,compare ,chaucer's ',fortune'2 l4 #be1 c4 #d4 every-dayes1 daily3 'cottidianis querelis4' #cg4 ,i torne3 ',rotam uolubili orbe uersamus4' #ci4 ,worth up1 climb up3 ',ascende4' ,cf4 ,p4 ,plowman1 ,b4 vii4 #ia2 ,wars of ,alexander1 #bhgh1 #bigc4 #db4 ,cresus1 ,croesus2 see note to ,monk4 ,tale1 ,b #ciag4 #dg4 ,perciens1 ,persians4 ,but ,chaucer is here wrong4 ,the ,lat4 text has ',persi regis1' i4 e4 king ,perseus4 ,perseus1 or ,perses ,,iii1 was the last king of ,macedonia1 who was defeated by ,l4 milius ,paulus in a decisive battle fought near ,pydna1 in ,june1 ,b4,c4 #afh4 ',when brought before milius here1 ,paulus1 he is said to have degraded himself by the most abject supplications2 but he was treated with kindness by the ,roman general2' ,smith1 ,class4 ,dict4 ,see ,livy1 xl4 #eg2 xli4 #ec2 xliv4 #cb2 c42 ,plutarch1 ,life of milius4 #ea4 ,tragedie4 ,cf4 the definition in the ,monk4 ,prol4 ,b #cafc2 and note to ,anelida1 #cbj4 #ec4 in ,greke4 ,these two words are not in the original1 but the following quotation is given in ,greek3 ,greek3 duo tous pithous1 ton men hena kakn1 ton de heteron kaln4 ,some ,,mss4 add3 'duo dolia quidem malum alterum bonum4' ,from ,homer1 ,iliad1 xxiv4 #ebg3 ,greek3 doioi gar te pithoi katakeiatai en ,dios oudei1 ,greek3 drn1 hoia didsi1 kakn1 heteros de ean4 ,cf4 notes to ,wyf of ,bathes ,prol4 ,d #agj1 and to ,leg4 of ,good ,women1 #aie4 #ed4 in the entree3 'in ,iouis limine'3 ,greek3 en ,dios oudei4 #fa4 realme3 'intra commune omnibus regnum locatus4' ,,metre #b4 #a4 hielde1 pour3 ',tantas fundat opes1 nec retrahat manum ,pleno copia cornu4' #h4 as fool-large1 like one that is foolishly lavish3 ',multi prodigus auri4' #aa4 other gapinges3 ',alios pandit hiatus4' ,some ,,mss4 have ,altos1 but ,chaucer evidently read ,alios1 as in ,,ms4 ,c4 #ac4 to any 444 ende2 rather1 'within a prescribed boundary'2 ',certo fine retentent4' ,,prose #c4 #bb4 princes4 ,these were1 in particular1 ,festus and ,symmachus4 ,boethius married ,rusticiana1 the daughter of ,symmachus4 ,hence the allusion to his fadres-in-lawe 7socerorum7 just below1 in l4 #bf2 where the right sense is parents-in-law4 ,see ,stewart's ,essay1 p4 #bd4 #bc4 leef3 'delectusque in affinitatem principum ciuitatis1 quod pretiosissimum propinquitatis genus est1 pris carus1 quam proximus esse coepisti4' ,hence the whiche thing really refers back to affinitee1 which is hardly obvious in the ,e4 version4 #dj4 whan thou3 'cm in ,circo duorum medius consulum circumfusae multitudinis exspectationem triumphali largitione satiasti4' #dc4 gave thou wordes3 ',dedisti 444 uerba fortunae4' #dh4 privee1 a man of private station1 not of noble rank3 'priuato4' ,the reference is to the election of his two sons as consuls in one day4 #ee4 ,art thou3 ',an tu in hanc uitae scenam nunc primum subitus hospesque uenisti4' ,thus shadwe or tabernacle is meant to translate scenam4 #fj4 laste day2 quoted in ,chaucer's ',fortune1' l4 #ga2 see note to the line4 #fa4 and also1 i4 e4 even to such ,fortune as abides and does not desert the man3 'fortunae 444 etiam manentis4' #fb4 thar recche2 it is absolutely necessary to insert thee after thar2 i4 e4 ,and therefore1 what1 do you suppose1 need you care8 yif thou1 i4 e4 whether thou4 ,,metre #c4 #aj4 the fairnesse3 ',iam spinis abeat decus4' #ac4 over-whelveth1 turns over3 ',verso concitat aequore4' whelveth is the right form1 as noted by ,stratmann2 it occurs in ,,ms4 ,ii4 #a4 #ch1 and in the black-letter editions4 ,it occurs again in ,palladius on ,husbandry1 i4 #afa3 ',for harme 444 may 444 perchaunce the overwhelve1' i4e4 for perhaps harm may overthrow thee4 ,and again1 in the same1 i4 #gha3 'overwhelve hit upsodowne1' i4e4 turn it 7the land7 right over4 #af4 tomblinge1 fleeting1 transitory2 'caducis4' #ah4 nis1 is2 we must disregard the second negative4 ,,prose #d4 #c4 ne be comen1 is not come2 i4e4 did not come4 ,it refers to past time4 #e4 ,for in alle3 ',nam in omni aduersitate fortunae infelicissimum genus est infortunii1 fuisse felicem4' ,this famous sentence has been several times copied4 ,see1 e4g41 ,troil4 iii4 #afbe-h2 ,dante1 ,inferno1 v4 #aba-c2 ,tennyson1 ,locksley ,hall1 #gf4 #h4 ,but that thou1 i4e4 'but the fact that thou4' abyest1 sufferest3 'falsae opinionis supplicium luis4' #ab4 ,for al be it3 ',nam si te hoc inane nomen fortuitae felicitatis mouet4' #bj4 ,symacus1 ,symmachus4 ,there were several distinguished men of this family4 ,q4 ,aurelius ,symmachus was a statesman and author in the latter half of the fourth century4 ,the one here referred to is ,q4 ,aurelius ,memmius ,symmachus1 who had been consul under ,odoacer in #dhe1 and was involved in the fate of ,boethius1 being put to death by ,theodoric in #ebe1 shortly after the execution of ,boethius in #ebd4 ,he had two daughters1 ,rusticiana and ,galla1 of whom the former married ,boethius4 ,see ,procopius1 de ,bello ,gothico1 lib4 i41 and several ,epistles in ,cassiodorus1 viz4 lib4 iv4 epist4 #bb1 #cg1 #ff4 #be4 thy wyf2 i4 e4 ,rusticiana1 daughter of ,symmachus2 for there is no proof that ,boethius was twice married 7,stewart1 p4 #bd74 ,she survived the capture of ,rome by the ,goths under ,totila1 ,a4,d4 #edf4 ',the riches of ,rusticiana1 the daughter of ,symmachus and widow of ,boethius1 had been generously devoted to alleviate the calamities of famine4 ,but the barbarians were exasperated by the report1 that she had prompted the people to overthrow the statue of the great ,theodoric2 and the life of that venerable matron would have been sacrificed to his memory1 if ,totila had not respected her birth1 her virtues1 and even the pious motive of her revenge4'--,gibbon1 ,rom4 ,empire1 ch4 #dc4 #ca4 two sones2 the two spoken of just above 7,pr4 iii4 l4 #ce71 as being both made consuls together4 ,this was in #ebb4 conseilours1 i4e4 of consular rank3 'consulares4' #dj4 thyne ancres4 ,hence the line1 ',yit halt thyn ancre4' ,fortune1 l4 #ch4 #eb4 thy delices3 'delicias tuas4' ,the sense here intended is 'effeminacy1' or 'unmanly weakness4' #ef4 ful anguissous1 very full of anxieties3 ',anxia enim res1' c4 ,repeated in ,troilus1 iii4 #haf1 q4v4 #fh4 for alwey1 c4 ,very obscure4 ,chaucer seems to mean--'for always1 in every man's case1 there is1 in something or other1 that which 7if he has not experienced it7 he does not understand2 or else he dreads that which he has already experienced4' ,the ,latin is clearer3 'inest enim singulis1 quod inexpertus ignoret1 expertus exhorreat4' #gi4 nothing is wrecched4 ,the insertion of is completes the sense3 'adeo nihil est miserum1 nisi cm putes4' ,observe 'nis a wrecche' in ,chaucer's own gloss 7l4 #ha72 and see l4 #be of ',fortune4' #hc4 by the agreabletee1 by means of the equanimity3 'aequanimitate tolerantis4' ,not having the word 'equanimity' at command1 ,chaucer paraphrases it by 'agreeabletee or egalitee1' i4 e4 accommodating or equable behaviour4 ,cf4 l4 #ib4 #hf4 ,the swetnesse1 c4 ,cf4 ,troilus1 iii4 #hac-e2 and ,man of ,lawes ,tale1 ,b #dba-b1 and note4 #hi4 withholden1 retained3 'retineri non possit4' that1 so that4 #ajg4 sheweth it wel1 it is plain3 'manifestum est4' #aaj4 either he woot1 c42 copied in ,troilus1 iii4 #hbj-hcc4 #aae4 lest he lese that 444 it1 lest he lose that which4 ,,ms4 ,a4 omits 'it'2 but the phrase is idiomatic4 #aai4 this is to seyn that men1 that is to say that1 in such a case1 men1 c4 #abj4 lost1 loss4 ,this form of the sb4 occurs elsewhere2 as in ,gower1 i4 #adg 7goth to lost72 and in ,p4 ,plowman1 ,c4 vii4 #bge2 c4 ,see ,stratmann4 #aca4 it ne maketh1 it does not make men miserable4 ,,metre #d4 #g4 lause1 loose2 ,icel4 lauss3 'solutae4' ,usually loos1 as in ,cant4 ,ta4 ,a #djfd1 #dceb4 #h4 forthy if thou3 ',fugiens periculosam ,sortem sedis amoenae1 ,humili domum memento ,certus figere saxo4' ,chaucer's translation is hardly correct2 sortem and sedis must be taken in close connection4 ',avoiding the perilous condition of a fair 7and exposed7 situation1 take care to found thy house securely on a low-lying 7and sheltered7 rock4' #ab4 weleful3 ',felix robore ualli ,duces serenus aeuum4' palis1 stockade1 rampart2 as before1 ,bk4 i4 ,pr4 #c4 #ef1 ,pr4 #e4 #bb4 ,,prose #e4 #aj4 to hem that despenden it2 rather1 by spending it2 ,lat4 'effundendo4' ,so again1 in l4 #aa1 to thilke folke that mokeren it answers to the ,lat4 gerund 'coaceruando4' #aa4 mokeren it1 hoard it4 ,perhaps related to ,o4,f4 mucier2 see ,curmudgeon in my ,etym4 ,dict4 ,see mokereres1 misers1 below4 #ae4 stenteth to ben had1 ceases to be possessed3 'desinit possideri4' #af4 large1 lavish2 'largiendi usu desinit possideri4' #ah4 as of that1 as regards that hoard4 #ai4 a voys al hool1 a voice not yet dispersed3 'uox 444 tota4' #cb4 yif it wanteth1 if it lacks3 'carens animae motu atque membrorum compage4' #ce4 of the laste3 'postremae aliquid pulcritudinis4' ,perhaps it means 'of the lowest kind of beauty4' ,mr4 ,stewart1 in his ,essay1 p4 #bbe1 reads postremo1 for which ,i find no authority4 ,,ms4 ,c4 has postreme4 #cf4 through the distinccioun3 'suique distinctione4' #dj4 ,why sholde it nat1 c4 ,in some editions1 this passage is not marked as being assigned to ,boethius4 ,in others1 it is4 #he4 ostelments1 furniture1 household goods3 'supellectilis4' ,o4,f4 ostillement1 oustillement1 furniture2 cf4 mod4 ,f4 outil1 a word of doubtful origin4 ,cf4 l4 #id4 #ij4 subgit2 as if for 'suppositis'2 but the ,lat4 text has 'sepositis1' i4e4 separate1 independent4 #ib4 beest1 animal3 'diuinum merito rationis animal4' #ig4 of the lowest1 c41 'by means of vilest things4' #aja4 yif that al1 c41 'if all the good possessed is more valuable than the thing possessing it4' #aje4 and certes3 'quod quidem haud immerito cadit4' #aaa4 it cometh3 'it arises from some defect in them4' #aba4 ,gabbe ,i of this1 do ,i lie concerning this8 #abe4 weneth4 ,the texts have and weneth2 but ,i suppress and to make sense1 and to make the translation agree with the ,latin4 ',atqui diuitiae possidentibus persaep nocuerunt1 cm pessimus quisque1 eque alieni magis auidus1 quidquid usquam auri gemmarumque est1 se solum qui habeat dignissimum putat4' #abh4 way-feringe2 ,,ms4 ,a1 way-faryng4 ,both forms1 feringe and faring7e7 occur2 see ,stratmann4 ,feringe ,a4 ,s4 ferende1 from the weak verb feran1 to go1 travel2 whilst faringe ,a4 ,s4 farende1 from the strong verb faran1 to go4 ,feran 7 99forian7 is derived1 with vowel-mutation1 from the stem 99for1 appearing in for1 the pt4 t4 of faran4 #acj4 singe1 c4 ,doubtless from ,juvenal1 ,sat4 x4 #bb2 see ,wyf of ,bathes ,tale1 ,d #aaia1 and the note4 ,,metre #e4 ,largely imitated in ,chaucer's poem called ',the ,former ,age1' which see4 ,see also the ,notes to the same4 #e4 ,they ne coude1 they knew not how3 ',non ,bacchica munera norant ,liquido confundere melle4' #f4 piment1 usually spiced wine2 here1 wine mixed with honey4 ,see ,rom4 of the ,rose1 #fjbg1 and the note4 clarree1 wine mixed with honey and spices1 and then strained till it is clear2 clarified wine4 ,see ,rom4 of the ,rose1 #eifg1 #fjbf2 ,former ,age1 #af2 ,kn4 ,tale1 ,a #adga4 ,chaucer uses these two words here in conjunction1 for the simple reason that he was thinking of the parallel passage in the ,french ,rom4 de la ,rose1 which is imitated from the present passage in ,boethius4 ,ll4 #hdah-i are3-- ',et de l'iaue simple bevoient ,sans querre piment ne clar4' #g4 ne they coude3 ',nec lucida uellera ,serum ,tyrio miscere ueneno4' ,hence the ,seriens are the ,seres1 or ,chinese2 and the venim of ,tyrie should rather be the venim of ,tyre1 but ,chaucer follows the adjectival form in the original1 both here and in ,bk4 iii4 ,met4 #d1 l4 #b4 ,venim is not the right word here2 'ueneno' merely means 'dye4' ,the reference is to the murex or purple shell-fish4 ,see ,vergil1 ,aen4 iv4 #bfb3 ',tyrioque ardebat murice laena'2 and ,georg4 ii4 #dfe3 'alba nec ,assyrio fucatur lana ueneno4' #ac4 gest ne straungere3 'hospes4' ,cf4 ,former ,age1 #ba4 #ag4 armures1 defensive armour3 'arma4' ,the usual reading is arua1 i4 e4 fields2 but more than six ,,mss4 have arma1 and ,chaucer's copy had the same2 as appears from ,,ms4 ,c4 #ah4 ,for wherto3 'for to what purpose1 or what sort of madness of enemies would first take up arms1 when they saw but cruel wounds 7as the result7 and no rewards for the blood that was shed8' #bb4 ,but the anguissous3 ',sed saeuior ignibus ,aetnae ,feruens amor ardet habendi4' #bd4 ,allas6 c4 ,cf4 ,former ,age1 #bg-cb4 the gobetes or the weightes of gold3 ',auri 444 pondera4' #bf4 ,he dalf3 ',pretiosa pericula fodit4' ,,prose #f4 #h4 the imperie of consulers1 consular rank3 'consulare imperium4' ,the reference is to the creation of ,decemviri2 see ,livy1 iii4 #cb4 #bj4 so requerable1 in such request3 'expetibilis4' #bi4 into the 444 body3 'in secreta quaeque4' #cb4 the whiche ,i clepe1 by which ,i mean2 so again below1 l4 #ci4 #ce4 a thought1 a mind2 'mentem firma sibi ratione cohaerentem4' #cf4 a free man2 ,anaxarchus of ,abdera1 ,b4,c4 #cbc4 ,the tyraunt was ,nicocreon1 king of ,cyprus4 ,see ,valerius ,maximus1 iii4 #c4 #dd4 ,but what3 ',quid autem est1 quod in alium quisquam facere possit1 quod sustinere ab alio ipse non possit8' #dg4 ,busirides1 ,busiris 7gen4 case1 ,busiridis71 a king of ,egypt1 who sacrificed all strangers on his altars4 ,but ,hercules1 coming to ,egypt1 slew him and abolished the custom4 ,see ,vergil1 ,georg4 iii4 #e2 ,ovid1 ,tr4 iii4 #aa4 #ci4 ,in the ,monkes ,tale1 ,b #cbic1 ,chaucer calls him ,busirus4 #di4 ,regulus2 ,m4 ,regulus1 taken prisoner by the ,carthaginians1 ,b4,c4 #bee4 ,the story of his embassy to ,rome is well known4 #fc4 may ,i4 ,it is necessary to insert ,i 7only found in the black-letter editions7 to complete the sense4 ',quod quidem de cunctis fortunae muneribus dignius existimari potest4' #ga4 as of wil1 i4e4 when it can3 'ultro4' #hj4 reproeved1 disproved3 'redarguuntur4' ,,metre #f4 #b4 ,nero4 ,cf4 ,monkes ,tale1 ,b #cfec-hd4 #d4 his brother2 ,britannicus1 poisoned by ,nero2 ,tacitus1 ,annal4 xiii4 #af2 ,suetonius1 ,nero1 #cc4 #h4 domesman1 judge2 see ,monk4 ,ta4 ,b #cfhj1 and note4 #ae4 septem triones1 properly1 the seven chief stars in the ,lesser ,bear2 also sometimes used of the seven bright stars in the ,greater ,bear4 ,the leading star in the ,lesser ,bear is the pole-star2 and as that remains fixed in the north1 the whole constellation came to signify the north4 ,hence1 in the ,monk4 ,ta4 ,b #cfeg1 we are told that ,nero ruled over ',both ,est and ,west1 ,south and ,septemtrioun'2 see note to that line4 #ah4 ,nothus1 ,notus1 the south wind2 see below4 scorkleth1 scorches2 ,,ms4 ,a has scorchith4 ,the ,prompt4 ,parv4 has3 ',scorkelyn1 ustulo1 ustillo'2 and ',scorklyd1 ustillatus4' ,as ,mr4 ,bradley notes1 it is a variant of scorknen or scorpnen4 ,the orig4 ,icel4 verb is skorpna1 to become shrivelled1 allied to skorpinn1 shrivelled4 ,this is a pp4 form as if from 99skerpa1 pt4 t4 99skarp2 cf4 skera1 pt4 t4 skar1 pp4 skorinn4 ,the adj4 skarpr means 'sharp1' whence the weak verb skerpa1 to sharpen4 ,the sense of the primitive verb 99skerpa was1 doubtless1 'to cut'2 and scorklen is1 lit41 'to cause to be cut about1' when used as a transitive verb2 hence1 'to shrivel up1' from the appearance of plants 'cut' with frost or parched with heat4 #ba4 ,allas6 ',heu grauem sortem1 quoties iniquus ,additur saeuo gladius ueneno6' ,more correctly1 'lordshippe to venimous crueltee4' ,,ms4 ,c has 'gladius1 i4 potestas exercendi gladium'2 and 'ueneno1 i4 venenose crudelitati4' ,,prose #g4 #c4 ,i have wel desired3 'materiam gerendis rebus optauimus1 quo ne uirtus tacita consenesceret4' #aj4 drawen to governaunce3 'allicere1' i4 e4 allure 7simply74 #ah4 a prikke1 a point2 cf4 ,parl4 of ,foules1 #eg2 ,troil4 v4 #ahae2 ,ho4 ,fame1 #ijg4 ,from ,ptolemy1 ,syntaxis1 lib4 i4 cap4 #f2 cf4 ,macrobius1 ,in ,somnium ,scipionis1 lib4 ii4 c4 #i4 #bc4 ,tholomee1 ,ptolemy2 viz4 in the beginning of book ii4 of his ,megale ,syntaxis4 ,see the same in ,pliny1 ,nat4 ,hist4 ii4 #fh4 #bh4 wel unnethe1 scarcely1 hardly at all3 'uix angustissima inhabitandi hominibus area relinquetur4' #cd4 ,and also sette3 ',adde1 quod hoc ipsum breuis habitaculi septum plures incolunt nationes4' #ch4 defaute 444 marchaundise2 ,lat4 only3 'tum conmercii insolentia4' #da4 ,marcus ,tullius1 i4e4 ,cicero1 in his ,somnium ,scipionis1 which originally formed part of the sixth book of the ,de ,republica4 ,see cap4 vi4 of that work1 and ,note to ,parl4 ,foules1 #ca4 #dc4 ,caucasus2 mentioned again in the ,wyf of ,bathes ,tale1 ,d #aadj4 #de4 ,parthes1 ,parthians4 #ei4 hath the wrecched3 'scriptorum inops deleuit obliuio4' #fi4 ended3 'definitum4' ,we now say 'finite4' #gc4 endeles3 'interminabilem4' ,we now say 'infinite4' #gg4 were thought1 were considered in comparison with eternity4 #hi4 ,this rather man1 this former man1 the former4 #ie4 seyde3 ',iam tandem1 inquit1 intelligis me esse philosophum8 ,tum ille nimium mordaciter1 ,intellexeram1 inquit1 si tacuisses4' ,this story is alluded to in ,piers ,plowman2 see my note to that poem1 ,c4 xiv4 #bbf4 #ajh4 despyseth it2 cf4 ,troilus1 v4 #ahba-g4 ,,metre #g4 #a4 with overthrowing thought3 'mente praecipiti4' #c4 shewinge1 evident1 open to the view3 ',lat patentes 444 plagas4' #g4 dedly1 mortal1 perishable3 'mortali iugo4' #h4 ferne1 distant3 'remotos4' ,this is important1 as settling the sense of 'ferne halwes' in the ,prologue to the ,tales1 l4 #ad4 #ac4 ,fabricius1 the conqueror of ,pyrrhus2 censor in ,b4,c4 #bge4 ,brutus1 the slayer of ,csar4 #ad4 ,catoun1 ,cato of ,utica 7,b4,c4 #ie-df74 #ag4 ,liggeth1 lie ye2 ',iacetis4' ,the imperative mood4 #bj4 cruel2 ,lat4 'sera1' which ,chaucer has taken as 'seua4' ',cum sera uobis rapiet hoc etiam dies4' thanne is3 ',iam uos secunda mors manet4' ,,prose #h4 #b4 untretable1 not to be treated with1 intractable1 inexorable3 'inexorabile4' #g4 unpleyten1 unplait1 explain3 'explicare4' #ag4 windinge4 ,read windy1 i4e4 unstable2 ,lat4 'uentosam4' ,caxton's edition has wyndy1 which proves the point4 ,so also other old black-letter editions4 #bc4 aspre3 'haec aspera1 haec horribilis fortuna4' #bf4 visages1 faces4 ,see ,notes to the poem on ,fortune4 ,,metre #h4 #a4 ,it begins ',qud mundus stabile fide ,concordes uariat uices2 ,qud pugnantia semina ,foedus perpetuum tenent4' ,the whole of this metre reappears in ,troilus1 iii4 #agdd-agfd4 #f4 hath brought1 hath led in1 introduced3 'duxerit4' greedy to flowen2 the ,lat4 text merely has auidum2 ',ut fluctus auidum mare ,certo fine coerceat4' ,the ,lat4 fluctus answers to 'hise flodes4' #g4 ende1 boundary3 'fine4' #h4 termes or boundes1 borders3 'terminos4' #aj4 ,love3 ',et caelo imperitans amor4' ,on this passage is founded one in the ,knightes ,tale1 ,a #biia-c4 #aa4 slakede1 were to relax4 ,the last lines are3-- ',et quam nunc socia fide ,pulcris motibus incitant1 ,certent soluere machinam4 ,hic sancto populos quoque ,iunctos foedere continet3 ,hic et coniugii sacrum ,castis nectit amoribus3 ,hic fidis etiam sua ,dictat iura sodalibus4 ,o felix hominum genus1 ,si uestros animos amor1 ,quo caelum regitur1 regat6' ,,book ,,iii4 ,,prose #a4 #c4 streighte1 pp41 i4e4 stretched2 'adrectis 444 auribus4' ,the form streight-e is plural4 #f4 so1 i4e4 so much4 ,better 'how much'2 ,lat4 quantum4 #h4 unparigal1 unequal2 'imparem4' #aa4 nat only that1 it is not only the case that4 ,it would be clearer if that were omitted4 #ab4 agrisen1 filled with dread2 pp41 with short i1 of agrysen4 ,cf4 agryseth1 ,bk4 i4 ,met4 #f1 l4 #g4 #ae4 ravisshedest1 didst greedily receive2 'rapiebas4' #cb4 for the cause of thee1 for thy sake2 'tui caussa4' #cc4 but ,i wol1 c42 'sed quae tibi caussa notior est1 eam prius designare uerbis atque informare conabor4' ,,metre #a4 #b4 hook1 sickle2 'falce4' #d4 ,hony2 cf4 ,troilus1 i4 #fch1 iii4 #abai4 #f4 ,nothus1 ,notus1 the ,south wind4 ploungy1 stormy1 rainy2 'imbriferos4' #i4 bigin1 do thou begin2 imperative2 'incipe4' ,,prose #b4 #b4 streite sete1 narrow 7retired7 seat2 'in angustam sedem4' #c4 cures1 endeavours2 'omnis mortalium cura4' #g4 over that1 beyond it2 'ulterius4' #h4 sovereyn good2 'omnium summum bonorum4' #aa4 out of 444 good2 'extrinsecus4' #bh4 mesuren1 c42 ',plurimi uer boni fructum gaudio laetitique metiuntur4' #cd4 is torned2 a bad translation of 'uersatur1' i4e4 'resides4' #ch4 merinesse1 enjoyment2 'iocunditatis4' #ej4 for which1 on which account2 'quare4' #ee4 ,epicurus4 ,see ,cant4 ,tales1 ,prol4 #ccf-h1 where this is quoted2 and see ,merch4 ,ta4 ,e #bjba2 ,troil4 iii4 #afia2 ',epicurus 444 sibi summum bonum uoluptatem esse constituit4' #eg4 birefte awey4 ,but the ,lat4 text has precisely the opposite sense3 'quod caetera omnia iocunditatem animo uideantur adferre4' ,for adferre ,,ms4 ,c afferre1 ,chaucer has given us the sense of auferre4 #eh4 studies1 i4e4 endeavours2 'studia4' corage2 'animus4' #ei4 al be it1 c42 'et si caligante memoria4' #fj4 not1 knows not2 'uelut ebrius1 domum quo tramite reuertatur1 ignorat4' ,see ,cant4 ,tales1 ,a #abfb4 #fg4 that 444 it3 'qui quod sit optimum1 id etiam 444 putant4' #ge4 forsake1 deny2 'sequestrari nequit4' #gg4 be anguissous1 i4e4 'be neither full of anxiety4' ,the neither is implied in the following ne2 'non esse anxiam tristemque4' ,it is clearer if we supply nat1 as in the text4 #hc4 ,than is it good1 then it is the summum bonum4 #hf4 lovinge1 as if translating diligendo1 which occurs in many ,,mss42 but the better reading is 'deligendo1' i4e4 selecting4 ,,metre #b4 #a4 with slakke 444 strenges2 'fidibus lentis4' #b4 enclineth and flitteth2 'flectat4' flitteth here means 'shifts4' #c4 purveyable1 with provident care2 'prouida4' #f4 of the contre of ,pene2 ',poeni leones'2 lions of ,north ,africa1 supposed to be extremely ferocious4 #h4 sturdy1 cruel1 hard2 'trucem 444 magistrum4' #ac4 and hir mayster3 ',primusque lacer dente cruento ,domitor rabidas imbuit iras4' #ae4 ,iangelinge1 garrulous2 'garrula4' ,this passage is imitated twice in the ,cant4 ,tales1 ,f #fjg-fag1 ,h #afc-agd4 #ag4 pleyinge bisinesse2 'ludens cura4' #ai4 agreables2 this form of the pl4 adj4 is only used in the case of words of ,french origin4 ,examples are not very common2 cf4 reverents below1 ,bk4 iii4 ,met4 #d1 l4 #f2 and delitables1 ,c4 ,t4 ,f #hii4 #bf4 by privee path1 by an unseen route2 'secreto tramite4' ,alluding to the apparent passage of the sun below the horizon and1 as it were1 underneath the world4 ,cf4 ,troil4 iii4 #agje4 #bg4 ,alle thinges3 ',repetunt proprios quaeque recursus4' ,,prose #c4 #a4 beestes1 animals2 'animalia4' ,chaucer always uses beest for 'animal4' #ae4 fals beautee1 a false beauty2 'falsa 444 beatitudinis species4' ,but 'species' may simply mean 'semblance4' #ag4 ,after axe1 ,caxton and ,thynne insert the1 i4e4 thee2 'te ipsum4' #bd4 thee lakked3 'uel aberat quod abesse non uelles1 uel aderat quod adesse noluisses4' ,this sentence much impressed ,chaucer4 ,he again recurs to it in the ,complaint to ,pite1 #ii-ajd2 ,parl4 ,foules1 #ij1 #ia2 and ,complaint to his ,lady1 #dg-di4 ,this fact helps to prove the genuineness of the last-named poem4 #cf4 ,no4 ,observe the use of no after a sentence containing nis nat4 ,if there had been no negative in the preceding sentence1 the form would have been ,nay4 ,such is the usual rule4 #dj1 #da4 maken1 cause1 bring it about4 bihighten1 promised4 #dh4 foreyne 444 pletinges2 'forenses querimoniae4' ,but forenses means 'public4' #fi4 be fulfild 444 and axe any thing2 rather paraphrastic2 'aliquid poscens opibus expletur4' fulfild here means 'plentifully supplied1' not 'completely satisfied1' whereas in the very next line it means 'completely satisfied4' #ga4 ,i holde me stille1 and telle nat1 ,i say nothing about2 ',taceo4' ,seven ,e4 words for one of ,latin4 #gd4 what may 444 be1 why is it2 'quid est quod1' c4 ,,metre #c4 #a4 ,after river1 ,caxton and ,thynne insert or a gutter2 ,lat4 'gurgite4' #b4 yit sholde it never4 ,this gives quite a false turn to the translation1 and misses the sense intended4 ,i quote the whole ,metre4 ',quamuis fluente diues auri gurgite ,non expleturas cogat auarus opes1 ,oneretque baccis colla rubri litoris2 ,ruraque centeno scindat opima boue3 ,nec cura mordax deserit superstitem1 ,defunctumque leues non comitantur opes4' #c4 rede see2 lit4 'red shore4' ,however1 the ,red ,sea is alluded to4 ,chaucer's translation of baccis by 'stones' is not happy2 for 'pearls' are meant4 ,cf4 ,horace1 ,epod4 viii4 #ad2 ,sat4 ii4 #c4 #bda4 ,pliny praises the pearls from the ,red ,sea2 ,nat4 ,hist4 lib4 xii4 c4 #ah4 ,,prose #d4 #i4 postum1 short for apostume1 i4e4 imposthume4 boch1 botch1 pustule4 ,lat4 struma4 ,catullus is the well-known poet1 and the allusion is to his lines addressed to himself 7,carm4 #eb73-- ',quid est1 ,catulle1 quid moraris emori8 ,sella in curuli struma ,nonius sedet4' #ad4 ,certes1 thou1 c4 ,rather involved4 ',tu quoque num tandem tot periculis adduci potuisti1 ut cum ,decorato gerere magistratum putares1 cm in eo mentem nequissimi scurrae delatorisque respiceres8' ,with is used for by3 'by so many perils' is intended4 ,see ,chaucer's gloss4 #af4 ,decorat1 ,decoratus4 ,he seems to have been in high favour with king ,theodoric1 who wrote him a letter which is preserved in ,cassiodorus1 lib4 v4 #ca4 ,it is clear that ,boethius thought very ill of him4 #cb4 that he is despysed1 i4e4 because he is despised4 ,the argument is1 that a wicked man seems the more wicked when he is despised by a very great number of people2 and if he be of high rank1 his rank makes him more conspicuous1 and therefore the more generally contemned4 ,the ,,mss4 vary here2 perhaps the scribes did not see their way clearly4 ,see the footnote4 #ce4 and 444 nat unpunisshed2 ',verm non impun4' #dj4 comen by1 arise from2 'per has umbratiles dignitates non posse contingere4' ,see ,chaucer's ,balade on ,gentilesse1 l4 #e4 #db4 many maner1 a mistranslation3 ',si quis multiplici consulatu functus4' #df4 to don his office1 to perform its function4 ,cf4 ,wyf of ,bathes ,tale1 ,d #aadd4 #ej4 that wenen1 i4e4 7folk or people7 who suppose4 #ef4 provostrie1 i4e4 the prtorship2 'praetura4' #eg4 rente1 income2 'et senatorii census grauis sarcina4' #eh4 the office2 this alludes to the ,praefectus annonae1 once an honourable title4 ,it was borne by ,augustus1 when emperor4 #fd4 by the opinioun of usaunces2 'opinione utentium4' ,chaucer's phrase seems to mean 'by estimation of the mode in which it is used4' ,he should have written 'by the opinioun of hem that usen it4' #ff4 of hir wille1 of their own accord 7as it were72 'ultro4' #fh4 what is it2 'quid est1 qud in se expetendae pulcritudinis habeant1 nedum aliis praestent8' ,,metre #d4 ,cf4 ,monkes ,tale1 ,b #cfec-fj4 #b4 ,tirie1 ,tyre2 lit4 ',tyrian1' the adjectival form2 ',tyrio superbus ostro4' ,so above1 ,bk4 ii4 ,met4 #e1 l4 #h4 #c4 throf he1 he flourished 7lit4 throve72 'uigebat4' #f4 reverents1 the pl4 form of the adj4 ,see above1 ,bk4 iii4 ,met4 #b1 l4 #ai4 unworshipful1 c42 'indecores curules4' ,,prose #e4 #a4 regnes1 kingdoms2 familiaritees1 friendships4 #b4 ,how elles1 why not8 ',quidni8' whan1 whenever4 #d4 kinges ben chaunged4 ,this is the subject of ,chaucer's ,monkes ,tale4 ,examples are certainly numerous4 ,in the time of ,boethius 7#dgj-ebd71 they were not wanting4 ,thus ,basiliscus1 emperor of the ,east1 had a reign which ,gibbon describes as 'short and turbulent1' and perished miserably of hunger in #dgf2 and ,odoacer was killed by ,theodoric in #dic2 see ,gibbon's ,history4 #ac4 upon thilke syde that1 on whichever side4 #ad4 noun-power 444 undernethe2 'impotentia subintrat4' nounpower1 lack of power1 occurs in ,p4 ,plowman1 ,c4 xx4 #bib2 see my note4 #ag4 ,a tyraunt2 ,dionysius1 tyrant of ,syracuse1 in ,sicily1 who caused a sword to be hung by a slender thread over the head of his favourite ,damocles1 to teach him that riches could not make happy the man whose death was imminent4 ,see ,cicero1 ,tuscul4 v4 #ba4 #f2 ,horace1 ,carm4 iii4 #a4 #ag2 ,persius1 ,sat4 iii4 #dj4 ,and see ,ch4 ,kn4 ,tale1 ,a #bjbi4 #bg4 seriaunts1 serjeants 7satellite71 different from servauntes 7seruientium7 below4 ,the difference is one of use only2 for the form seriaunt1 ,e4 serjeant1 represents the ,lat4 seruientem1 whilst servaunt1 ,e4 servant1 represents the ,o4 ,f4 pres4 part4 of the ,o4 ,f4 verb servir2 which comes to much about the same thing4 #cj4 what1 why2 what 444 anything answers to ,lat4 'quid4' #cc4 in hool1 c41 whether that power is unimpaired or lost2 ,lat4 'incolumis 444 lapsa4' #cd4 ,nero2 see note to ,monkes ,tale1 ,b #cfhe4 #ce4 ,antonius1 a mistake for ,antoninus1 as in the ,lat4 text4 ,by ,antoninus is meant the infamous emperor ,caracalla1 on whom ,septimius ,severus had conferred the title of ,antoninus4 ,papinianus was a celebrated ,roman jurist1 who was put to death at the command of ,caracalla2 see ,gibbon1 ,roman ,empire1 ch4 vi4 #ci4 ,senek1 ,seneca2 see ,tacitus1 ,annal4 xiv4 #da4 ,but whan2 ',sed dum ruituros moles ipsa trahit1 neuter1 quod uoluit1 effecit4' ,i4e4 neither ,papinian nor ,seneca found it possible to forego their position4 #dh4 ,certes1 swiche folk2 see ,monkes ,ta4 ,b #cdcd-e4 #ej4 pestilence2 see ,merch4 ,ta4 ,e4 #aghd1 and #agic-d4 ,,metre #e4 #a4 ,for corage1 ,caxton and ,thynne have corages1 but this may be an alteration due to the ,latin which they quote as a heading3 ',qui se uolet esse potentem1 ,animos1' c4 #e4 ,tyle2 'ultima ,thule4' ,supposed to be ,iceland1 or one of the ,shetland ,islands4 ,,prose #f4 #c4 tragedies2 see note to ,cant4 ,ta4 ,b #cafc4 #c1 #d4 ,o glorie4 ,the original has3 ,greek3 doxa doxa myrioisi d brotn1 ouden gegsi bioton nksas megan4 ,see ,euripides1 ,andromache1 #cai4 ,for this1 ,,ms4 ,c4 gives1 as the ,latin equivalent--'o gloria1 gloria1 in milibus hominum nichil aliud facta nisi auribus inflatio magna'2 an interpretation which ,chaucer here follows4 #bd4 gentilesse4 ,see remarks 7in the notes7 on ,chaucer's ,balade of ,gentilesse4 ,,metre #f4 #h4 ,for yif thou loke your2 the change from thy to your is due to the ,latin3 ',si promordia uestra ,auctoremque ,deum spectes4' #i4 forlived1 degenerate2 'degener4' ,in ,prose #f 7above71 l4 #cg1 outrayen or forliven translates 'degenerent4' ,,prose #g4 #a4 delices2 'uoluptatibus4' ,the ,,mss4 so confuse the words delices and delyts that it is hardly possible to say which is meant1 except when the ,lat4 text has deliciae4 ,both ,e4 words seem to correspond to uoluptates4 #ab4 ,iolitee3 intended to translate 'lasciuiam1' a reading of some ,,mss42 ,,ms4 ,c4 has this reading1 glossed 'voluptatem4' ,most ,,mss4 read lacunam1 i4e4 void1 want4 were1 would be2 'foret4' #ad4 that children3 'nescio quem filios inuenisse tortores4' #ae4 bytinge2 'mordax4' anguissous3 'anxium4' #af4 or1 ere2 in fact1 ,caxton has ere1 and ,thynne1 er4 #ah4 ,euripidis2 in the gen4 case1 as in the ,lat4 text4 ,the reference is to ,euripides1 ,andromache1 #dah3 ,greek3 pasi d' anthrpois ar' n psych1 tekn'2 hostis d' aut' apeiros n psegei1 hsson men algei1 dystychn d' eudaimonei4 ,,metre #g4 #c4 he fleeth3 ',fugit et nimis tenaci ,ferit icta corda morsu4' ,as to the use of flyes for 'bees1' see note to ,parl4 ,foules1 #cec4 ,,prose #h4 #a4 that thise weyes3 'quin hae ad beatitudinem uiae deuiae quaedam sint4' #h4 supplien1 supplicate1 beg3 'danti supplicabis4' #aa4 awaytes1 snares3 'subiectorum insidiis obnoxius periculis subiacebis4' anoyously2 a mistranslation of 'obnoxius1'2 see above4 #ab4 destrat1 distracted3 'distractus4' #af4 brotel1 brittle1 frail3 'fragilissimae4' #bh4 of the somer-sesoun3 'uernalium4' ,so elsewhere1 somer-sesoun really means the spring4 ,cf4 ,p4 ,plowman1 line #a4 ,aristotle4 ,the reference is not known2 but the belief was common4 ,it is highly probable that the fable about the lynx's sharp sight arose from a confusion with the sharp sight of ,lynceus2 and it is ,lynceus who is really meant in the present passage2 ',lynceis oculis4' ,cf4 ,horace1 ,sat4 i4 #b4 #ij3 --'ne corporis optima ,lyncei ,contemplere oculis4' ,,metre #h4 #e4 ginnes1 snares3 'laqueos4' #g4 ,tyrene2 ',tyrrhena 444 uada'2 see ,vergil1 ,aen4 i4 #fg4 #ad4 echines3 'uel asperis ,praestent echinis litora4' ,,prose #i4 #aj4 thorugh a litel clifte3 'rimul4' #ad4 misledeth it and transporteth3 'traducit4' #af4 ,wenest thou3 ',an tu arbitraris1 quod nihilo indigeat1 egere potentia8' #ch4 ,consider3 ',considera uero1 ne1 quod nihilo indigere1 quod potentissimum1 quod honore dignissimum esse concessum est1 egere claritudine1 quam sibi praestare non possit1 atque ob id aliqua ex parte uideatur abiectius4' #ec4 ,this is a consequence3 ',consequitur4' #fi4 they ne geten hem3 'nec portionem1 quae nulla est1 nec ipsam1 quam minim affectat1 assequitur4' #gg4 that power forleteth3 'ei1 quem ualentia deserit1 quem molestia pungit1 quem uilitas abicit1 quem recondit obscuritas4' ,hence that means 'whom1' and refers to the man4 #ie4 that shal he not finde4 ,this is turned into the affirmative instead of the interrogative form3 'sed num in his eam reperiet1 quae demonstrauimus1 id quod pollicentur1 non posse conferre8' #aai4 norie1 pupil2 ,lat4 'alumne4' #acf4 that lyen3 'quae autem beatitudinem mentiantur4' #adb4 in ,timeo2 'uti in ,timaeo ,platoni4' ,here ,chaucer keeps the words in ,timaeo without alteration1 as if they formed the title of ,plato's work4 ,the passage is3 ,greek3 all' ,skrates1 touto ge d pantes hosoi kai kata brachy sphrosyns metechousin epi pas horm kai smikrou kai megalou pragmatos theon aei pou kalousin 7#bg ,c74 ,,metre #i4 #c4 from sin that age hadde biginninge1 since the world began3 'ab aeuo4' thou that dwellest3 cf4 ,kn4 ,tale1 ,a #cjjd4 #e4 necesseden1 compelled1 as by necessity3 'pepulerunt4' #f4 floteringe matere3 'materiae fluitantis'2 see below1 ,pr4 xi4 #aef4 #h4 beringe1 c42 see ,leg4 of ,good ,women1 #bbbi1 and note4 #ac4 ,thou bindest3 ',tu numeris elementa ligas4' #ad4 colde4 ,alluding to the old doctrine of the four elements1 with their qualities4 ,thus the nature of fire was thought to be hot and dry1 that of water cold and moist1 that of air cold and dry1 that of earth hot and moist4 ,cf4 ,ovid1 ,met4 i4 #ai3-- ',frigida pugnabant calidis1 humentia siccis1 ,mollia cum duris1 sine pondere habentia pondus4 ,hanc ,deus et melior litem ,natura diremit 444 ,dissociata locis concordi pace ligauit4' ,sometimes the four elements are represented as lying in four layers2 the earth at the bottom1 and above it the water1 the air1 and the fire1 in due order4 ,this arrangement is here alluded to4 ,cf4 ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #biib4 #ah4 ,thou knittest1 c4 ',tu triplicis mediam naturae cuncta mouentem ,connectens animam per consona membra resoluis4 ,quae cum secta duos motum glomerauit in orbes1 ,in semet reditura meat mentemque profundam ,circuit1 et simili conuertit imagine caelum4 ,tu caussis animas paribus uitasque minores ,prouehis1 et leuibus sublimes curribus aptans ,in caelum terramque seris1 quas lege benigna ,ad te conuersas reduci facis igne reuerti4 ,da pater angustam menti conscendere sedem1 ,da fontem lustrare boni1 da luce reperta ,in te conspicuos animi defigere uisus4' #bd4 cartes1 vehicles2 the bodies which contain the souls4 #cd4 berer3 'uector1 dux1 semita1 terminus idem4' ,,prose #aj4 #h4 for that veyn1 in order that vain1 c4 #aa4 ne is1 exists4 ,we should now drop the negative after 'deny4' nis right as1 is precisely as4 #ab4 is proeved3 'id imminutione perfecti imperfectum esse perhibetur4' #ad4 in every thing general3 'in quolibet genere4' #ba4 descendeth3 'in haec extrema atque effeta dilabitur4' ,cf4 ,kn4 ,ta4 #cjjc-aj4 #ca1 #b4 that nothing nis bettre1 i4e4 than whom nothing is better4 ,so below 7l4 #gj7 we have--'that nothing nis more worth4' #cb4 nis good1 is good4 ,the ne is due to the preceding 'douted4' #ci4 for as moche3 'ne in infinitum ratio procedat4' #ea4 this prince2 ,caxton and ,thynne have the fader2 ,lat4 'patrem4' #fb4 feigne3 'fingat qui potest4' #hh4 thanne ne may3 'quare neutrum poterit esse perfectum1 cum alterutri alterum deest4' ,thus we must read may 7sing471 not mowen 7pl474 #ih4 ,upon thise thinges1 besides this3 ',super haec4' #ajj4 porismes3 ',greek3 porismata'2 corollaries1 or deductions from a foregoing demonstration4 #aja4 as a corollarie3 'ueluti corollarium4' ,corollary is derived from corolla1 dimin4 of corona1 a garland4 ,it meant money paid for a garland of flowers2 hence1 a gift1 present1 gratuity2 and finally1 an additional inference from a proposition4 ,chaucer gives the explanation mede of coroune1 i4e4 gift of a garland4 #ajf4 they ben maked iust3 these four words must be added to make sense2 it is plain that they were lost by the inadvertence of the scribes4 ,lat4 text3 ',sed uti iustitiae adeptione iusti1 sapientiae sapientes fiunt1 ita diuinitatem adeptos1 ,deos fieri simili ratione necesse est4' #afe4 the soverein fyn2 ,lat4 text3 'ut summa1 cardo1 atque caussa4' ,chaucer seems to have taken summa to be the superl4 adjective2 and fyn1 i4e4 end1 is meant to represent cardo4 ,,metre #aj4 #h4 ,tagus2 the well-known river flowing by ,toledo and ,lisbon1 once celebrated for its golden sands2 see ,ovid1 ,am4 i4 #ae4 #cd2 ,met4 ii4 #bea1 c4 #aj4 ,hermus1 an auriferous river of ,lydia1 into which flowed the still more celebrated ,pactolus4 ',auro turbidus ,hermus2' ,verg4 ,georg4 ii4 #acg4 rede brinke3 'rutilante ripa4' ,indus2 now the ,sind1 in ,n4 ,w4 ,india4 #aa4 that medleth3 'candidis miscens uirides lapillos'2 which ,chaucer explains as mingling smaragdes 7emeralds7 with margaretes 7pearls72 see footnote on p4 #hj4 #ag4 that eschueth3 ',vitat obscuras animae ruinas4' ,,prose #aa4 #c4 ,how mochel2 i4e4 at what price will you appraise it3 'quanti aestimabis4' #bd4 ,the thinges thanne3 ',quae igitur1 cm discrepant1 minim bona sunt2 cm uero unum esse coeperint1 bona fiunt3 nonne haec ut bona sint1 unitatis fieri adeptione contingit8' #ee4 non other2 i4e4 no other conclusion3 'minim aliud uidetur4' #fc4 travaileth him1 endeavours3 'tueri salutem laborat4' #ga4 thar thee nat doute1 thou needst not doubt4 #ha4 ,what woltow3 ',quid1 quod omnes1 uelut in terras ore demerso trahunt alimenta radicibus1 ac per medullas robur corticemque diffundunt8' 7maryes1 marrows47 #ia4 renovelen and puplisshen hem3 'propagentur4' #ib4 that they ne ben1 that they are2 the superfluous ne is due to the ne preceding4 #aaj4 ,but fyr3 ',ignis uero omnem refugit sectionem4' #aab4 wilful3 'de uoluntariis animae cognoscentis motibus4' #abc4 som-tyme3 'gignendi opus 444 interdum corcet uoluntas4' #abh4 ,and thus3 ',ade haec sui caritas4' #adb4 for yif that that oon3 'hoc enim sublato1 nec esse quidem cuiquam permanebit4' #aef4 floteren1 fluctuate1 waver2 'fluitabunt'2 see above1 ,met4 ix4 #f4 #afa4 for thou hast3 'ipsam enim mediae ueritatis notam mente fixisti4' #afc4 in that1 in that thing which3 'in hoc 444 quod4' ,,metre #aa4 #b4 mis-weyes1 by-paths3 'nullis 444 deuiis4' rollen and trenden3 'reuoluat4' ,chaucer here uses the causal verb trenden1 to revolve1 answering to an ,a4,s4 form 99trendan1 causal of a lost verb 99trindan4 ,the ,e4 trund-le is from the same strong verb 7pp4 99getrunden74 ',longosque in orbem cogat inflectens motus1 ,animumque doceat quidquid extra molitur ,suis retrusum possidere thesauris4' #g4 ,cf4 ,troilus1 iv4 #bjj4 #h4 lighten1 i4e4 shine3 ',lucebit4' #aj4 ,glosa4 ,this gloss is an alternative paraphrase of all that precedes1 from the beginning of the ,metre4 #cb4 ,plato4 ,from ,plato's ,phaedo1 where ,socrates says3 ,greek3 hoti hmin h mathsis ouk allo ti anamnsis tynchanei ousa 7#gb ,e74 ,,prose #ab4 #ah4 ,wendest1 didst ween3 ',mundum1 inquit1 hunc ,deo regi paullo ant minim dubitandum putabas4' ,surely ,chaucer has quite mistaken the construction4 ,he should rather have said3 ',thou wendest1 quod she1 a litel her-biforn that men ne sholden nat doute1' c4 #ai4 nis governed1 is governed2 the same construction as before4 ,so also but-yif there nere unless there were 7l4 #be74 #bh4 yif ther ne were3 'nisi unus esset1 qui quod nexuit contineret4' #cj4 bringe forth1 bring about1 dispose1 arrange3 'disponeret4' so ordenee3 'tam dispositos motus4' #ch4 that thou3 'ut felicitatis compos1 patriam sospes reuisas4' #ee4 a keye and a stere3 'ueluti quidam clauus atque gubernaculum4' ,here ,chaucer unluckily translates clauus as if it were clauis4 #fc4 ne sheweth3 'non mins ad contuendum patet'2 i4e4 is equally plain to be seen4 #fg4 by the keye3 'bonitatis clauo'2 see note to l4 #ee4 #gc4 ,it mot nedes be so3 ',ita1 inquam1 necesse est2 nec beatum regimen esse uideretur1 si quidem detrectantium iugum foret1 non obtemperantium salus4' ,the translation has here gone wrong4 #hg4 softely1 gently1 pleasurably3 'suauiter4' #ia4 so at the laste3 'ut tandem aliquando stultitiam magna lacerantem sui pudeat4' ,another common reading is latrantem1 but this was evidently not the reading in ,chaucer's copy2 ,,ms4 ,c4 has lacerantem4 #ig4 the poetes4 ,see ,ovid1 ,met4 i4 #aea-afb2 ,vergil1 ,georg4 i4 #bgg-bhc4 #aaf4 ,scornest thou me3 ',ludisne1 inquam1 me1 inextricabilem labyrinthum rationibus texens1 quae nunc quidem1 qua egrediaris1 introeas2 nunc uer qua introieris1 egrediare2 an mirabilem quemdam diuinae simplicitatis orbem complicas8' #aag4 the hous of ,dedalus2 used to translate 'labyrinthum4' ,see ,vergil1 ,aen4 vi4 #bd-cj1 v4 #ehh4 ,no doubt ,boethius borrowed the word inextricabilis from ,aen4 vi4 #bg4 #abe4 for which3 'ex quo neminem beatum fore1 nisi qui pariter ,deus esset1 quasi munusculum dabas4' ,here munusculum refers to corollarium1 which ,chaucer translates by 'a mede of coroune'2 see above1 ,pr4 x4 #aja4 #acb4 by the governements3 'bonitatis gubernaculis4' #ace4 by proeves in cercles and hoomlich knowen3 'atque haec nullis extrinsecus sumptis1 sed altero ex altero fidem trahente insitis domesticisque probationibus4' ,chaucer inserts in cercles and1 by way of reference to arguments drawn from circles2 but the chief argument of this character really occurs later1 viz4 in ,bk4 iv4 ,pr4 vi4 #ha4 #adc4 ,parmenides1 a ,greek philosopher who1 according to ,plato1 accompanied ,zeno to ,athens1 where he became acquainted with ,socrates1 who was then but a young man4 ,plato1 in his ,sophistes1 quotes the line of ,parmenides which is here referred to3 ,greek3 pantothen eukyklou sphairas enalinkion onk4 ,this the ,,mss4 explain to mean3 'rerum orbem mobilem rotat1 dum se immobilem ipsa conseruat4' ,the ,greek quotation is corruptly given in the ,,mss41 but is restored by consulting ,plato's text 7#bdd ,e72 hence we do not know what reading ,boethius adopted4 ,it can hardly have been the one here given1 which signifies that ,god is 'like the mass of a sphere that is well-rounded on all sides4' ,perhaps he took the idea of ,god's immobility from the next two verses3-- ,greek3 messothen isopales pant1 to gar oute ti meizon ,greek3 oute bebaioteron pelei4 i4e4 'equidistant from the centre in all directions2 for there is nothing greater 7than ,him71 and nothing more immoveable4' #aeb4 ,plato4 ,from ,plato's ,timaeus1 #bi ,b3 ,greek3 hs ara tous logous hnper eisin exgtai1 toutn autn kai syngeneis ontas4 ,chaucer quotes this saying twice2 see ,cant4 ,tales1 ,a #gda-b1 ,h #bjg-baj4 ,,metre #ab4 #c4 ,orpheus4 ,this well-known story is well told in ,vergil1 ,georg4 iv4 #ded-ebg2 and in ,ovid1 ,met4 x4 #a-he4 ,trace1 ,thrace2 as in ,cant4 ,ta4 ,a #aigb4 #d4 weeply1 tearful1 sorrowful3 'flebilibus4' #e4 moevable should precede riveres2 ',silvas currere1 mobiles ,amnes stare coegerat4' ,chaucer took these two lines separately4 #ab4 hevene goddes1 gods of heaven3 'superos4' ',illic blanda sonantibus ,chordis carmina temperans ,quicquid praecipuis deae ,matris fontibus hauserat1 ,quod luctus dabat impotens1 ,quod luctum geminans amor ,deflet ,taenara commouens1 ,et dulci ueniam prece ,umbrarum dominos rogat4' #af4 laved out1 drawn up 7as from a well74 ,the ,m4 ,e4 laven1 to draw up water1 to pour out1 is from the ,a4 ,s4 lafian1 to pour2 for which see ,cockayne's ,a4 ,s4 ,leechdoms1 ii4 #abd1 ii4 #gd1 iii4 #dh4 ,it is further illustrated in my ,etym4 ,dict41 s4 v4 ,lavish1 its derivative4 ,no doubt it was frequently confused with ,f4 laver1 to wash2 but it is an independent ,teutonic word1 allied to ,g4 laben4 ,in ,e4 ,friesic we find lafen sk or laven sk1 to refresh oneself4 ,it is curious that it appears even in so late an author as ,dryden1 who translates ,lat4 egerit 7,ovid1 ,met4 xi4 #dhh7 by laves1 i4e4 bales out4 ,and see laven in ,mtzner4 #af4 ,calliope4 ,orpheus was son of ,oeagrus1 king of ,thrace1 and of ,calliope1 chief of the ,muses2 cf4 ,ovid1 ,ibis1 #dhd4 #ag4 and he song4 ,this does not very well translate the ,latin text2 see note to l4 #ab4 #ba4 of relesinge3 'ueniam'2 i4e4 for the release 7of ,eurydice74 #bb4 ,cerberus1 the three-headed dog2 cf4 ,verg4 ,georg4 iv4 #dhc2 ,aen4 vi4 #dag2 ,ovid1 ,met4 iv4 #ddi4 #bc4 ,furies2 the ,eumenides2 cf4 ,verg4 ,georg4 iv4 #dhc2 ,ovid1 ,met4 x4 #df4 #bf4 ,ixion1 who was fastened to an ever-revolving wheel2 see ,georg4 iv4 #dhd2 iii4 #ch2 ,ovid1 ,met4 iv4 #dfj4 overthrowinge1 turning over3 ',non ,ixionium caput ,velox praecipitat rota4' #bg4 ,tantalus1 tormented by perpetual thirst2 ,ovid1 ,met4 x4 #da2 iv4 #deg4 #bi4 ,tityus3 ',vultur dum satur est modis ,non traxit ,tityi iecur4' ,cf4 ,verg4 ,aen4 vi4 #eie-fjj2 ,ovid1 ,met4 iv4 #def4 ,and see ,troilus1 i4 #ghf-h4 #cd4 ,but we wol3 ',sed lex dona corceat4' #cg4 ,but what2 quoted in ,kn4 ,tale1 ,a #aafd4 #db4 and was deed3 'occidit4' ,the common story does not involve the immediate death of ,orpheus4 #di4 loketh1 beholds3 'uidet inferos4' ,the story of ,orpheus is excellently told in ,king ,alfred's translation of ,boethius1 cap4 xxxv4 #f4 ,,book ,,iv4 ,,prose #a4 #e4 forbrak1 broke off1 interrupted3 'abrupi4' #ad4 so as1 seeing that1 since3 'cm4' #be4 alle thinges may1 is omnipotent3 'potentis omnia4' #bg4 an enbasshinge 444 ende3 'infiniti stuporis4' #cj4 right ordenee1 well ordered3 'dispositissima domo4' #cb4 heried1 praised4 ,this resembles the language of ,st4 ,paul2 #b ,tim4 ii4 #bj4 #da4 cesen1 cause to cease3 'sopitis querelis4' #de4 alle thinges1 all things being treated of3 'decursis omnibus4' #dg4 fetheres1 wings2 'pennas4' ,the ,a4 ,s4 pl4 fethera sometimes means wings4 #ej4 sledes1 sleds1 i4 e4 sledges3 'uehiculis4' ,the ,vulgate version of #a ,chron4 xx4 #c has3 'et fecit super eos tribulas1 et trahas1 et ferrata carpenta transire4' ,wycliffe translates trahas by sledis 7later version1 sleddis74 ,,metre #a4 #b-e4 ,quoted in ,ho4 ,fame1 #igc-h4 #e4 fyr1 fire4 ,in the old astronomy1 the region of air was supposed to be surrounded by a region of fire1 which ,boethius here says was caused by the swift motion of the ether3 ',quique agili motu calet aetheris ,transcendit ignis uerticem4' ,beyond this region were the planetary spheres1 viz4 those of the moon1 ,mercury1 ,venus1 the sun1 ,mars1 ,jupiter1 and ,saturn4 ,this explains the allusion to the passage of ,thought 7,imagination7 through 'the houses that bear the stars' 7i4 e4 planets71 in ,latin astriferas domos1 and so1 past the sun1 to the seventh sphere of ,saturn4 ,after this1 ,thought soars to the eighth sphere1 called the ,sphere of the ,fixed ,stars 7denoted below by 'the circle of the stars' or 'the firmament'72 and after 'wending on the back of it1' i4 e4 getting beyond it1 reaches the primum mobile1 where 'the lord of kings holds the sceptre of his might4' ',donec in astriferas surgat domos1 ,phoeboque coniungat uias1 ,aut comitetur iter gelidi senis ,miles corusci sideris2 ,vel quocunque micans nox pingitur1 ,recurrat astri circulum1 ,atque ubi iam exhausti fuerit satis1 ,polum relinquit extimum1 ,dorsaque uelocis premat aetheris ,compos uerendi luminis4' #i4 ,saturnus1 the planet ,saturn2 which ,chaucer rightly gives as the sense of 'senis4' and he y-maked1 i4e4 and he 7,thought7 becomes a knight4 ,i hesitate to insert is after he1 because all the authorities omit it2 in fact1 the phrase and he y-maked seems to be equivalent to 'he being made4' ,i do not understand what is meant by ',miles corusci sideris1' unless it means that ,boethius imagines ,thought to become a companion of ,mars1 and thus to be made a soldier1 in the service of that bright planet4 #ae4 images of sterres1 i4e4 constellations1 which were fancifully supposed to represent various objects4 #ah4 worshipful light4 ,,ms4 ,a has dredefulle clerenesse4 ,both are translations of 'uerendi luminis4' #bb4 swifte cart3 'uolucrem currum4' ,cart is sometimes used for car or chariot4 #be4 but now1 c4 ,these words are supposed to be spoken by ,boethius1 when he remembers all the truth4 ',haec dices1 memini1 patria est mihi4' #bf4 heer wol ,i fastne my degree3 'hic sistam gradum4' ,the sense is rather1 'here will ,i or1 let me fix my step1' or 'plant my foot'2 i4e4 remain4 ,cf4 ',siste gradum1' i4 e4 stop2 ,verg4 ,aen4 vi4 #dfe4 #bg4 ,but yif3 ',quod si terrarum placeat tibi ,noctem relictam uisere1 ,quos miseri toruos populi timent ,cernes tyrannos exules4' ,,prose #b4 #a4 owh1 an exclamation2 ',papae4' #ac4 fey1 the faith1 the certainty3 'fides4' sentence1 opinion4 #ca4 ,and in that3 ',quod uero quisque potest4' may1 can do4 #ch4 lad1 led2 studies1 desires3 'quae diuersis studiis agitur4' #ga4 ,yif that3 ',etsi coniecto1 inquam1 quid uelis4' #hd4 knit forth3 ',contexe1 inquam1 cetera4' #ic4 shewinge1 evident2 is open and shewinge3 'patet4' #ig4 ,iugement4 ,evidently meant to translate iudicium4 ,but ,chaucer misread his text1 which has indicium4 ',idque1 ut medici sperare solent1 indicium est erectae iam resistentisque naturae4' #ajc4 ledeth hem1 i4 e4 leads them to3 'qui ne ad hoc quidem peruenire queunt1 ad quod eos naturalis ducit1 ac pene compellit1 intentio4' #ajd4 ,and what3 ',et quid8 si hoc tam magno ac pene inuicto praeeuntis naturae desererentur auxilio8' #aab4 ,ne shrewes3 ',neque enim leuia aut ludicra praemia petunt1 quae consequi atque obtinere non possunt4' #abj4 laye1 might lie 7subjunctive73 'quo nihil ulterius peruium iaceret incessui4' #acg4 for to ben1 even to exist4 ,so below1 ben frequently means 'to exist1' as appears from the argument4 #aea4 mowen1 have power to act3 'possunt4' #afa4 understonde1 mayest understand3 'ut intelligas4' #ahg4 ,plato1 viz4 in the ,gorgias and ,alcibiades ,i1 where many of the arguments here used may be found4 ,,metre #b4 ,the subject of this metre is from ,plato1 ,de ,republica1 x4 ,chaucer's translation begins with the #gth line of the ,latin4 ',quos uides sedere celsos ,solii culmine reges1 ,purpura claros nitente1 ,septos tristibus armis1 ,ore toruo comminantes1 ,rabie cordis anhelos1 ,detrahat si quis superbis ,vani tegmina cultus1 ,iam uidebit intus arctas ,dominos ferre catenas4 ,hinc enim libido uersat ,auidis corda uenenis2 ,hinc flagellat ira mentem ,fluctus turbida tollens1 ,moeror aut captos fatigat1 ,aut spes lubrica torquet4 ,ergo1 cum caput tot unum ,cernas ferre tyrannos1 ,non facit1 quod optat1 ipse ,dominis pressus iniquis4' #ab4 tyrannyes4 ,this reading 7in ,c ed47 gives the sense better than the reading tyrauntis 7in ,a72 although the latter is quite literal4 ,,prose #c4 #g4 stadie1 race-course3 'in stadio'2 which ,chaucer explains by 'furlong4' #aj4 purposed1 equivalent to proposed2 'praemium commune propositum4' #ad4 ,for which thing3 'quare probos mores sua praemia non relinquunt4' #be1 #bf4 so as1 whereas4 for men1 because men4 #bg4 part-les1 without his share of3 'praemii 444 expertem4' #ce4 no day3 'quod nullus deterat dies4' #ci4 undepartable1 inseparable3 'inseparabili poena4' #di4 may it semen3 'possuntne sibi supplicii expertes uideri1 quos omnium malorum extrema nequitia non afficit mod1 verumetiam uehementer inficit8' #gj4 under1 beneath1 below3 'infra hominis meritum4' ,,metre #c4 #a4 aryvede1 cause to arrive1 drove3 'appulit4' the sailes3 ',vela ,neritii ducis2' ,chaucer inserts ,ulixes1 i4 e4 ,ulysses4 ,the phrase is from ,ovid3 ',dux quoque ,neritius1' i4 e4 ,ulysses2 ,fasti1 iv4 #fi4 ,neritos was a mountain of ,ithaca1 the island of ,ulysses4 ,,ms4 ,c4 reads ,naricii1 which accounts for the form ,narice4 #c4 ,circes1 ,circe1 as in ,ho4 ,fame1 #abgb2 inserted by ,chaucer4 #g4 that oon of hem3 ',hunc apri facies tegit4'--',one of them1 his face is covered1' c4 #i4 ,marmorike3 ',marmaricus leo4' ,this refers to the country of ,barca1 on the ,n4 ,african coast1 to the ,w4 of ,egypt4 #ac4 ,but al-be-it3 ',sed licet uariis modis ,numen ,arcadis alitis ,obsitum miserans ducens ,peste soluerit hospitis4' ,arcas ales1 the winged ,arcadian1 i4 e4 ,mercury1 because born on the ,arcadian mountain ,cyllene4 #af4 algates1 at any rate2 by this1 already4 #ai4 akornes of okes2 this is not tautology1 for an acorn was1 originally1 any fruit of the field1 as the etymology 7from acre7 shews4 #bc4 over-light1 too light1 too feeble3 ',o leuem nimium manum1 ,nec potentia gramina1 ,membra quae ualeant licet1 ,corda uertere non ualent4' #cb4 for vyces3 ',dira1 quae penitus meant1 ,nec nocentia corpori ,mentis uulnere saeuiunt4' ,,prose #d4 #b4 ne ,i ne see nat3 'nec iniuria dici uideo uitiosos1 tametsi humani corporis speciem seruent1 in belluas tamen animorum qualitate mutari4' ,chaucer's 'as by right' should rather be 'as by wrong4' ,it means ',i do not see that it is wrongly said4' #d1 #e4 ,but ,i nolde1 but ,i would rather that it were not so with regard to evil men3 'eis licere noluissem4' #ah4 to mowen don1 to be able to do3 'potuisse4' #bb4 three1 i4 e4 the triple misfortune of wishing to do evil1 of being able to do it1 and of doing it4 #bf4 thilke unselinesse3 'hoc infortunio'2 i4 e4 the ability to sin4 #bh4 ,so shullen3 ',carebunt1 inquit1 ocius1 qum uel tu forsitan uelis1 uel illi sese existiment esse carituros4' #cj4 ,for ther3 ',neque enim est aliquid in tam breuibus uitae metis ita serum1 quod exspectare longum immortalis praesertim animus putet4' #ci4 by the outtereste3 'eorum malitiam 444 mors extrema finiret4' #db4 ben perdurable1 i4 e4 to exist eternally3 'infinitam liquet esse miseriam1 quam constat esse aeternam4' #ea4 ther is not why1 there is no reason why4 #ed4 but of the thinges3 'sed ex his1 quae sumpta sunt1 aeque est necessarium4' #fd4 but ,i understande3 'sed alio quodam modo infeliciores esse improbos arbitror impunitos1 tametsi nulla ratio correctionis1 nullus respectus habeatur exempli4' ,thus 'non ensaumple of lokinge' is wrong2 it should rather be 'non lokinge of ensaumple1' i4 e4 no regard to the example thus set4 #ij4 which defaute3 'quam iniquitatis merito malum esse confessus es4' ,hence 'for the deserte of felonye' means 'when we consider what wickedness deserves4' #ajb4 to leten1 to leave3 'nullane animarum supplicia 444 relinquis8' #acb4 briddes1 i4 e4 owls4 ,see ,parl4 ,foules1 #eii4 #adb4 right as thou3 'ueluti si uicibus sordidam humum caelumque respicias1 cunctis extra cessantibus1 ipsa cernendi ratione nunc coeno nunc sideribus interesse uidearis4' #aec4 ,wrong4 ,it should rather run3 'sholde we wene that we were blinde8' ,lat4 'num uidentes eadem caecos putaremus8' #aic4 in al1 altogether3 'tota1' sc4 opera defensorum4 #aig1 #h4 at any clifte3 'aliqua rimula4' sawen1 if they should perceive3 'uiderent4' #bjj4 right for3 'compensatione adipiscendae probitatis4' ,hence for to geten hem means 'of obtaining for themselves4' #bje4 y-leten1 left3 'nullus prorsus odio locus relinquatur4' ,,metre #d4 #a4 ,what delyteth you1 ,why does it delight you8 ',quid tantos iuuat excitare motus8' ,lines #h-aj are put interrogatively in the ,latin text4 #i4 and wilnen3 ',alternisque uolunt perire telis4' #aj4 ,but the resoun3 ',non est iusta satis saeuitiae ratio4' ,,prose #e4 #i4 y-shad1 shed1 spread abroad3 'transfunditur4' #bj4 hepeth3 ',nunc stuporem meum ,deus rector exaggerat4' ,,metre #e4 ,the ,latin text begins thus3-- ',si quis ,arcturi sidera nescit ,propinqua summo cardine labi1 ,cur legat tardus plaustra ,botes1 ,mergatque seras aequore flammas1 ,cum nimis celeres explicet ortus1 ,legem stupebit aetheris alti4' #a4 sterres of ,arcture1 the stars of the constellation ,arcturus4 ,arcturus was 7as here7 another name for ,botes1 though it properly meant the brightest star in that constellation4 ,it is at no great distance from the north pole1 and so appears to revolve round it4 ,the passage1 which is somewhat obscure1 seems to refer to the manner of the rising and setting of ,botes2 and the argument is1 that a person ignorant of astronomy1 must be puzzled to understand the laws that rule the motions of the sky4 #c4 the sterre1 the constellation4 ,chaucer uses sterre in this sense in several passages2 see ,kn4 ,tale1 ,a #bjei1 #bjfa1 and the notes4 #h4 the fulle mone4 ,this alludes to an eclipse of the moon1 as appears from below4 #i4 infect3 ',infecta metis noctis opacae4' confuse1 confounded1 overcome2 the light of the moon disappears in a full eclipse1 rendering the stars brighter4 #aa4 ,the comune errour3 ',commouet gentes publicus error4' ,the people who do not understand an eclipse1 are excited by it2 they bring out basins1 and beat them with a loud din1 to frighten away the spirit that is preying on the moon4 ,chaucer calls them ,corybantes1 but these were the priests of ,cybele4 ,still1 they celebrated her rites to the sound of noisy music2 and he may have been thinking of a passage in ,ovid1 ,fasti1 iv4 #bjg-ad4 ,c4 adds a gloss3 'i4 vulgaris error1 quo putatur luna incantari4' #ab4 thikke strokes1 frequent strokes4 ,the word resembles thilke in ,c41 because lk is not unfrequently written for kk in the fifteenth century1 to the confusion of some editors2 see my paper on ,ghost-words1 in the ,philol4 ,soc4 ,trans4 #ahhf1 p4 #cgj4 #ah4 by quakinge flodes3 'frementi 444 fluctu4' #bc4 alle thinges3 ',cuncta1 quae rara prouehit aetas4' #bd4 troubly errour3 'nubilus error4' ,,prose #f4 #i4 laven it1 to exhaust the subject3 'cui uix exhausti quidquam satis sit4' ,as to lave1 see note to ,bk4 iii4 ,met4 #ab-af4 #ac4 ,ydre1 ,hydra2 see note below to ,met4 #g4 ,the form is due to hydrae 7,,ms4 hydre7 in the ,latin text4 ,ne ther 444 ende3 'nec ullus fuerit modus4' ,manere is not the sense of modus here2 it rather means ende or 'limit4' #ad4 but-yif3 'nisi quis eas uiuacissimo mentis igne corceat4' #bd1 #e4 ,but althogh3 ',qud si te musici carminis oblectamenta delectant1 hanc oportet paullisper differas uoluptatem1 dum nexas sibi ordine contexo rationes4' ,this is said1 because this ',prose' is of unusual length4 ,for sibi1 another reading is tibi2 hence ,chaucer's 'weve to thee resouns4' #cj4 muable1 mutable1 changeable3 'mutabilium naturarum4' ,cf4 ,kn4 ,tale1 ,a #biid-cjae4 #cc4 in the tour3 ',haec in suae simplicitatis arce composita1 multiplicem rebus gerendis modum statuit4' #dh4 but destinee3 'fatum uero singula digerit in motum1 locis1 formis1 ac temporibus distributa4' #ei4 and ledeth3 'et quod simpliciter praesentarieque prospexit1 per temporales ordines ducit4' ,cf4 ,troilus1 i4 #ajfe-i4 #fg4 by some sowle2 glossed 'anima mundi4' ,this idea is from ,plato1 ,de ,legibus1 bk4 x3 ,greek3 psychn d dioikousan kai enoikousan en hapasi tois pant kinoumenois mn ou kai ton ouranon anank dioikein phanai2 7#hif ,d74 #fh4 by the celestial1 c42 alluding to the old astrology4 #ha4 a same centre2 i4e4 concentric circles1 as on a target4 #hg4 and yif ther be3 'si quid uero illi se medio connectat et societ1 in simplicitatem cogitur1 diffundique ac diffluere cessat4' #ic4 laus1 loose2 from ,icel4 lauss4 ,also spelt loos1 los4 it axeth3 'quant illum rerum cardinem uicinius petit4' ,thus it axeth is due to 'petit1' i4e4 seeks1 tends to4 #ig4 ,thanne right swich3 ',igitur uti est ad intellectum ratiocinatio2 ad id quod est1 id quod gignitur2 ad aeternitatem tempus2 ad puncti medium circulus3 ita est fati series mobilis ad prouidentiae stabilem simplicitatem4' #ajh4 whan they passen3 'cm 444 proficiscantur4' ,thus whan should rather be so as1 i4e4 whereas1 because4 #aab4 unable to ben ybowed3 'indeclinabilem caussarum ordinem promat4' #aad4 sholden fleten3 'res 444 temer fluituras4' ,for which it is3 ',quo fit4' #aaf4 natheles3 'nihilominus tamen suus modus ad bonum dirigens cuncta disponat4' #aba4 ne the ordre3 'ne dum ordo de summi boni cardine proficiscens1 a suo quoquam deflectat exordio4' ,,ms4 ,c4 has 'deflectatur4' #abc4 ',quae uero1 inquies1 potest ulla iniquior esse confusio4' ,for 'iniquior1' ,,ms4 ,c4 has the extraordinary reading 'inquiescior1' which ,chaucer seems to have tried to translate4 #ach4 ,ne it ne is nat3 ',non enim dissimile est miraculum nescienti4' #ade4 hele of corages3 'animorum salus4' #adh4 lecher1 i4e4 leech-er1 healer3 'medicator mentium ,deus4' #aea4 leneth hem1 gives them3 'quod conuenire nouit1 accommodat4' ,printed leueth in ,dr4 ,furnivall's print of ,,ms4 ,c41 but leneth in ,morris's edition of ,,ms4 ,a4 ,there is no doubt as to the right reading1 because accommodare and lenen are both used in the sense 'to lend4' #aed4 for to constreine3 'ut pauca 444 perstringam1' i4e4 'to touch lightly on a few things4' ,chaucer has taken it too literally1 but his paraphrase is nearly right4 #aeg4 right kepinge3 'aequi seruantissimum4' #aei4 my familer3 'familiaris noster ,lucanus4' ,alluding to the famous line3--',victrix caussa deis placuit1 sed uicta ,catoni'2 ,pharsalia1 i4 #abh4 #afh4 with-holden1 retain3 'retinere fortunam4' #agf4 by me1 by my means1 by my help3 ',nam ut quidam me quoque excellentior ait4' ,this looks like a slip on the part of ,boethius himself1 for the supposed speaker is ,philosophy herself4 ,the philosopher here alluded to still remains unknown4 ,,ms4 ,c4 has 'me quidem'2 and 'me' is glossed by 'philosophus per me4' #agg4 in ,grek4 ,some ,,mss4 have3 ,greek3 andros hierou sma dynameis oikodomousi4 ,there are various readings1 but ,chaucer had before him only the interpretation3 ',viri sacri corpus aedificauerunt uirtutes4' ,such is the reading in ,,ms4 ,c4 #agi4 taken1 delivered1 entrusted4 ',fit autem saepe1 uti bonis summa rerum gerenda deferatur4' #ahb4 remordeth3 'remordet1' i4e4 plagues1 troubles4 #ahf4 ,and other folk3 ',alii plus aequo metuunt1 quod ferre possunt4' #bja4 of wikkede merite3 'eos male meritos omnes existimant4' #bjf4 serven to shrewes3 'famulari saepe improbis4' ,i trowe3 'illud etiam dispensari credo4' #bjg1 #h4 overthrowinge to yvel3 'praeceps4' #bji4 egren him3 'eum 444 exacerbare possit4' #bai4 shal be cause3 'ut exercitii bonis1 et malis esset caussa supplicii4' ,hence continuacion seems to mean 'endurance' or 'continuance4' #bdb4 sin that3 the original is in ,greek1 with 7in ,,ms4 ,c47 the false gloss3--'fortissimus in mundo ,deus omnia regit4' ,the ,greek is--,greek3 ,argaleon de me tauta theon hs pant' agoreuein4 ,from ,homer1 ,il4 xii4 #agf1 with the change from ,greek3 agoreusai to ,greek3 agoreuein4 #bdg4 with-holden1 to retain1 keep1 maintain2 'retinere4' #bec4 ben outrageous or haboundant3 'abundare4' ,hence outrageous is 'superfluous' or 'excessive4' #beg4 and whan3 'quo refectus1 firmior in ulteriora contendas4' ,,metre #f4 #a4 ',si uis celsi iura tonantis ,pura sollers cernere mente1 ,adspice summi culmina caeli'2 c4 #e4 cercle3 ',non ,sol 444 ,gelidum ,phoebes impedit axem4' #f4 ,ne the sterre3 ',nec quae summo uertice mundi ,flectit rapidos ,ursa meatus1 ,numquam occiduo lota profundo1 ,cetera cernens sidera mergi1 ,cupit ,oceano tingere flammas4' ,hence deyen is to dye1 to dip4 #aj4 ,hesperus1 the evening-star2 ,lucifer1 the morning-star4 #ac4 ,and thus3 ',sic aeternos reficit cursus ,alternus amor2 sic astrigeris ,bellum discors exsulat oris4 ,haec concordia temperat aequis ,elementa modis1 ut pugnantia ,vicibus cedant humida siccis'2 c4 #bj1 #a4 in the firste somer-sesoun warminge3 'uere tepenti4' ,this is not the only place where uer is translated somer-sesoun1 a phrase used as applicable to ,may in ,p4 ,plowman1 ,prol4 #a4 ,another name for 'spring' was ,lent or ,lenten4 #bd4 and thilke3 ',eadem rapiens condit et aufert ,obitu mergens orta supremo4' #bi4 ,and tho3 ',et quae motu concitat ire1 ,sistit retrahens1 ac uaga firmat4' #ca4 ,for yif3 ',nam nisi rectos reuocans itus1 ,flexos iterum cogat in orbes1 ,quae nunc stabilis continet ordo1 ,dissepta suo fonte fatiscant4' #cg4 ,this is3 ',hic est cunctis communis amor ,repetuntque boni fine teneri1 ,quia non aliter durare queunt1 ,nisi conuerso rursus amore ,refluant caussae1 quae dedit esse4' ,,prose #g4 #eg4 ne also it3 'ita uir sapiens molest ferre non debet1 quotiens in fortunae certamen adducitur4' #fj4 matere1 material1 source4 #fb4 vertu4 ,boethius here derives uirtus from uires3 'quod suis uiribus nitens non superetur aduersis4' #fd4 ,ne certes3 ',neque enim uos in prouectu positi uirtutis1 diffluere deliciis1 et emarcescere uoluptate uenistis2 proelium cum omni fortuna nimis acre conseritis1 ne uos aut tristis opprimat1 aut iucunda corrumpat3 firmis medium uiribus occupate4' #gb4 in your hand3 ',in uestra enim situm est manu4' ,,metre #g4 #a4 wreker1 avenger2 ,attrides1 ,atrides1 i4e4 ,agamemnon1 son of ,atreus4 ,chaucer derived the spelling ,agamenon from a gloss in ,,ms4 ,c4 ,gower 7,c4 ,a4 ii4 #cdd7 has the same form4 #b4 recovered3 ',fratris amissos thalamos piauit4' #e4 ,menelaus1 c42 'that was his brother ,menelaus' wife4' ,the usual idiom2 see note to ,squieres ,tale1 ,e #bji4 #i4 doughter1 i4e4 ,iphigenia2 ,ovid1 ,met4 xii4 #bg-ch4 #ac4 ,itacus3 ',fleuit amissos ,ithacus sodales4' ,the well-known story of ,ulysses of ,ithaca2 from ,homer1 ,od4 ix4 #ae4 empty2 as if translating 'inani4' ,but the right reading is inmani 7or immani72 i4e4 'vast4' ,,ms4 ,c4 'inmani1' glossed 'magno4' #bj4 ,hercules4 ,see ,monkes ,tale1 ,b #cbhe1 and the notes4 ,in the first note1 this passage from ,boethius is given at length4 #ba4 ,centaures1 ,centaurs2 ,hercules was present at the fight between the ,centauri and ,lapithae2 ,ovid1 ,met4 xii4 #eda2 ix4 #aia4 #bb4 lyoun1 the ,nemean lion2 ,ovid1 ,met4 ix4 #aig1 #bce2 ,her4 ix4 #fa4 #bc4 ,arpyes1 the ,harpies2 with reference to the destruction of the ,stymphalian birds1 who ate human flesh2 ,met4 ix4 #ahg4 ,the gloss in the footnote--in the palude of lyrne 7in the marsh of ,lerna7 is a mistake2 it should refer to the ,hydra mentioned below4 #be4 dragoun1 the dragon in the garden of the ,hesperides2 ,met4 ix4 #aij4 ,the 'golden metal' refers to the golden apples4 #bf4 ,cerberus2 ,ovid1 ,met4 ix4 #ahe4 #bg4 unmeke1 proud2 see note to ,monkes ,tale1 ,b #cbic2 and ,ovid1 ,met4 ix4 #aid-f4 ,note that hors 7 horses7 is plural4 #bi4 ,ydra1 ,hydra2 ,ovid1 ,met4 ix4 #aib4 #cj4 ,achelous2 see the story in ,ovid1 ,met4 ix4 #a-ig4 ,boethius imitates ,ovid1 l4 #ig1 viz4 ',et lacerum cornu mediis caput abdidit undis4' #ce4 ,antheus1 ,antaeus2 ,ovid1 ,met4 ix4 #ahd4 ,for the story1 see ,lucan1 ,phars4 iv4 #eij-ffj2 ,lucan refers to ,lybia as the place of combat2 l4 #ehb4 #cf4 ,cacus2 see the story in ,ovid1 ,fasti1 i4 #edc-hf4 #ci4 boor1 the boar of ,erymanthus2 ,ovid1 ,her4 ix4 #hg4 ,for scomes 7lit4 scums71 ,caxton and ,thynne have vomes1 for fomes 7foams74 #dj4 the whiche1 'which shoulders were fated to sustain 7lit4 thrust against7 the high sphere of heaven4' ,alluding to ,hercules1 when he took the place of ,atlas4 #de4 nake1 expose your unarmed backs 7,lat4 nudatis71 like one who runs away4 ,an unarmed man was usually said to be naked2 as in ,othello1 v4 #b4 #beh2 #b ,hen4 ,,vi4 iii4 #b4 #bcd2 c4 ,,book ,v4 ,,prose #a4 #c4 ,a mistranslation4 ',recta quidem exhortatio1 tuaque prorsus auctoritate dignissima4' #i4 assoilen to thee the4 ,i prefer this reading1 adopted from ,caxton's edition1 because the others make no sense4 ,the original reading was to the the 7 to thee the71 as in ,,ms4 ,ii4 #a4 #ch1 whence1 by dropping one the1 the reading to the in ,c4 and ,ed4 ,,ms4 ,a4 alters it to the to the1 absurdly4 ,the fact is1 that to thee belongs to the next clause4 ',festino1 inquit1 debitum promissionis absoluere1 uiamque tibi1' c4 #ad4 to douten1 to be feared2 'uerendumque est4' #bh4 left1 or dwellinge1 left1 or remaining 7reliquus74 ',quis enim 444 locus esse ullus temeritati reliquus potest8' #ca4 nothing3 'nihil ex nihilo exsistere4' ,referring to the old saying3--',ex nihilo nihil fit4' #cd4 prince and beginnere oddly represents ,lat4 'principio4' casten it1 laid it down3 'quasi quoddam iecerint fundamentum4' ,i supply it4 #dd4 ,aristotulis1 ,aristotle4 ,the reference is to ,aristotle's ,physics1 bk4 ii4 ch4 #e4 #dg4 for grace1 for the sake of2 'gratia4' #ej4 ,right as1 just as if4 by cause1 for the purpose4 #ee4 ne dolve1 had not digged2 subj4 mood4 #eg4 abregginge4 ,a mistranslation4 ',hae sunt igitur fortuiti caussae compendii'2 these then are the causes of this fortuitous acquisition4 ,compendium also means 'an abbreviating1' which ,chaucer here expresses by abbregginge1 introducing at the same time the word 'hap1' to make some sense4 #ff4 uneschuable1 inevitable2 'ineuitabili4' ,,metre #a4 #b4 ,achemenie3 ',rupis ,achaemeniae scopulis1' in the crags of the ,achmenian rock or mountain4 ,achaemenius signifies ',persian1' from ,achaemenes1 the grandfather of ,cyrus2 but is here extended to mean ,armenian4 ,the sources of the ,tigris and ,euphrates are really different1 though both rise in the mountains of ,armenia2 they run for a long way at no great distance apart1 and at last join4 #c4 fleinge bataile1 the flying troop2 with reference to the well-known ,parthian habit1 of shooting arrows at those who pursue them2 see ,vergil1 ,georg4 iii4 #ca4 #e4 yif they1 when they2 meaning that they do converge4 #i4 and the wateres3 ',mixtaque fortuitos implicet unda modos3 ,quae tamen ipsa uagos terrae decliuia cursus ,gurgitis et lapsi defluus ordo regit4' #ad4 it suffereth3 ',fors patitur frenos1 ipsaque lege meat4' ,,prose #b4 #d1 #e4 destinal1 fatal2 'fatalis4' corages1 minds4 #aj4 thinges 444 fleen1 i4e4 to be avoided3 'fugienda4' #ac4 is1 i4e4 is in1 resides in3 'quibus in ipsis inest ratio4' #ad4 ordeyne1 determine3 'constituo4' #af4 sovereines1 the supreme divine substances4 ,this is a good example of adjectives of ,french origin with a plural in -es4 #ag1 #ah4 wil3 'et incorrupta uoluntas4' might3 'potestas4' #bg4 talents1 affections3 'affectibus4' #cj4 caitifs1 captive3 'propri libertate captiuae4' ,ll4 #cj-cd are repeated in ,troilus1 iv4 #ifc-f2 q4v4 #cd4 in ,greek3 ,greek3 pant' ephora kai pant' epakouei4 ,from ,homer1 ,iliad1 iii4 #bgg--;,greek3 elios th'1 hos pant' ephoras kai pant' epakoueis4 ,cf4 ,odys4 xii4 #cbc4 ,,metre #b4 #a1 #b4 with the1 c42 ',melliflui 444 oris4' cleer1 bright2 alluding to the common phrase in ,homer3 ,greek3 lampron phaos elioio2 ,il4 i4 #fje1 c4 #h4 strok3 ',uno mentis cernit in ictu4' ,,prose #c4 ,a large portion of this ,prose1 down to l4 #ga1 is paraphrased in ,troilus1 iv4 #ifg-ajgh2 q4v4 #ab4 libertee of arbitre1 freedom of will 7arbitrii74 #ai4 proeve1 approve of3 ',neque 444 illam probo rationem4' #cj4 but 444 ytravailed3 ',quasi uero 444 laboretur'2 which means1 rather1 'as if the question were4' #ce4 ,but ,i ne1 c4 ,the translation is here quite wrong2 and as in another place1 ,chaucer seems to have read nitamur as uitamus4 ,the text has3 ',at nos illud demonstrare nitamur4' ,the general sense is3 ',but let me endeavour to shew1 that1 in whatever manner the order of causes be arranged1 the happening of things foreseen is necessary1 although the foreknowledge does not seem to impose on future things a necessity of their happening4' #ec4 ,for althogh that2 cf4 ,troil4 iv4 #ajea-g1 which is clearer4 #ee4 therfore ne bityde they nat1 it is not on that account that they happen4 ,cf4 ',nat that it comth for it purveyed is'2 ,troil4 iv4 #ajec4 #ga4 at the laste1 finally3 ',postrem4' #gh4 that ,i ne wot it4 ,the ne is superfluous1 though in all the copies4 ,the sense is--'if ,i know a thing1 it cannot be false 7must be true7 that ,i know it4' #hj4 wanteth lesing1 is free from falsehood3 'mendacio careat4' #ij1 #a4 egaly1 equally3 'aeque4' indifferently1 impartially4 #id4 ,iape-worthy1 ridiculous3 'ridiculo4' ,from ,horace1 ,sat4 ii4 #e4 #ei--',o ,lartiade1 quicquid dicam1 aut erit1 aut non4' #aaf4 sent1 for sendeth1 sends3 'mittit4' #aag4 constreineth3 'futuri cogit certa necessitas4' #aba4 discrecioun1 discernment3 'indiscreta confusio4' ,and yit1 c4 ,to make sense1 read than whiche for of the whiche4 ,the whole clause1 from ,and yit down to wikke is expanded from ',quoque nihil sceleratius excogitari potest4' #aca4 sin that3 'quando optanda omnia series indeflexa connectit8' #ada4 that nis nat 444 or that1 that cannot be approached before4 ,the ,latin is3 'illique inaccessae luci1 prius quoque quam impetrent1 ipsa supplicandi ratione coniungi4' #adb4 impetren1 ask for it2 such is the reading of ,,ms4 ,ii4 #a4 #ch4 ,a coined word1 from the ,lat4 impetrent2 see the last note4 #adf4 linage of mankind1 the human race2 to which his 7its7 twice refers below4 #adg4 a litel her-biforn2 i4e4 in ,bk4 iv4 ,met4 #f4 #cd1 where we find--'they sholden departen from hir welle1 that is to seyn1 from hir biginninge1 and faylen4' ,see p4 #abb4 ,,metre #c4 #a4 ,what1 c43 ',quaenam discors foedera rerum ,caussa resoluit8' #b4 the coniunccioun2 but this gloss seems to be wrong1 for the reference is rather 7as ,chaucer1 following a sidenote in ,,ms4 ,c41 says in l4 #e7 to foreknowledge and free will4 #c4 ,whiche god1 i4e4 what divinity3 ',quis tanta deus ,veris statuit bella duobus8' #g4 ,but ther nis4 ,the ,lat4 text is put interrogatively3 ',an nulla est discordia ueris1 ,semperque sibi certa cohaerent8' #aj4 by fyr3 'oppressi luminis igne4' #ab4 ,but wherefore3 ',sed cur tanto flagrat amore ,veri tectas reperire notas8' ,it thus appears that y-covered1 i4e4 'that are hidden1' refers to thilke notes1 not to sooth2 cf4 l4 #ae4 ,but the translation is not at all happy4 #af4 ,wot it3 ',scitne1 quod appetit anxia nosse8' #ah4 seith thus3 ',sed quis nota scire laborat8 ,at si nescit1 quid caeca petit8 ,quis enim quidquam nescius optet8' #bc4 or who3 ',aut quis ualeat nescita sequi8 ,quoue inueniat1 quisue repertam ,queat ignarus noscere formam8' #bf4 ,but whan3 not a statement1 as here taken1 but a question4 ',an cm mentem cerneret altam ,pariter summam et singula norat8' ,the translation is quite incorrect1 and the passage is difficult4 ,the reference seems to be to the supposition that the soul1 apart from the body1 sees both universals and particulars1 but its power in the latter respect is impeded by the body2 ideas taken from ,plato's ,meno and ,phdo4 #cb1 #cc4 withholdeth1 retains3 'tenet4' singularitees1 particulars3 'singula4' #cd4 in neither nother1 put for in ne either ne other1 i4e4 not in one nor in the other2 or1 in modern ,english1 'he is neither in one position nor the other'3 ',neutro est habitu4' ,this curious phrase is made clearer by comparing it with the commoner either other4 ,thus1 in ,p4 ,plowman1 ,b4 v4 #adh3 'either despiseth other'2 in the same1 ,b4 v4 #afd3 'eyther hitte other'2 and again1 in ,b4 xi4 #agc3 'that alle manere men 44 ,louen her eyther other'2 and1 in ,b4 vii4 #ach3 'apposeden either other'2 and lastly1 in ,b4 xvi4 #bjg3 'either is otheres ,ioye4' #cf4 retreteth1 reconsiders3 'alt uisa retractans4' ,,prose #d4 #b4 ,marcus ,tullius1 i4e4 ,cicero2 ,de ,diuinatione1 lib4 ii4 #fj4 #h4 moeven to3 'ad diuinae praescientiae simplicitatem non potest admoueri4' #ae4 y-spended1 spent2 but the right sense of the ,latin is weighed or considered3 'si prius ea quibus moueris1 expendero4' #bb4 from elles-where3 'aliunde'2 compare ,chaucer's gloss4 #bd4 unbityde1 not happen3 'non euenire non possunt4' #bg4 thou thyself4 ,the reference is to ,bk4 v4 ,pr4 #c4 l4 #bg1 above--'ne it ne bihoveth nat1 nedes1 that thinges bityden that ben purvyed4' #bh1 #i4 what cause3 'quid est1 quod uoluntarii exitus rerum ad certum cogantur euentum8' endes1 results3 'exitus2' and so again below4 #cj4 by grace of position1 for the sake of a supposition1 by way of supposition3 'positionis gratia4' ,cf4 ,chaucer's use of pose for 'suppose' in the next line4 ,the reading possessioun 7in both ,,mss47 is obviously wrong2 it sounds as if taken down from dictation4 #ca4 ,i pose1 ,i suppose1 ,i put the case3 'statuamus nullam esse praescientiam4' ,the words 'per impossibile' are inserted by ,chaucer1 and mean1 'to take an impossible case4' #ef4 ,but1 certes1 right2 only1 indeed1 just as1 c4 ,it is difficult to give the right force intended2 and1 probably1 ,chaucer quite mistook the sense4 ',quasi uero nos ea1 quae prouidentia futura esse praenoscit1 non esse euentura credamus4' #fb4 in the torninge3 'in quadrigis moderandis atque flectendis4' #fc4 ,and by3 'atque ad hunc modum caetera4' #ajj4 and for that this thing shal mowen shewen1 and in order that this may appear 7lit4 may be able to appear74 ,the whole clause merely means--',and to make this clearer by an easy example4' ,lat4 ',nam ut hoc breui liqueat exemplo4' #aja4 roundnesse is here in the objective case3 'eandem corporis rotunditatem aliter uisus aliter tactus agnoscit4' #ajg4 ,and the man3 ',ipsum quoque hominem4' wit1 i4e4 sense4 ,the 'five wits' were the five senses4 #aac4 spece1 species4 peces1 parts2 in the singuler peces1 i4e4 in the particular parts4 #aad4 intelligence1 understanding2 'intelligentiae4' #aae4 universitee1 that which is universal3 'uniuersitatis ambitum4' #acc4 by a strok3 'illo uno ictu mentis formaliter4' #acg4 diffinissheth1 defines the universality of her conception4 ,,metre #d4 #a4 ,the ,porche2 in ,latin1 ,porticus2 in ,gk4 ,greek3 stoa1 a roofed colonnade or porch in ,athens1 frequented by ,zeno and his followers1 who hence obtained the name of ,stoics4 ',quondam ,porticus attulit ,obscuros nimium senes1 ,qui sensus1 et imagines ,e corporibus extimis ,credant mentibus imprimi4' #aj4 ,,text4 ,the ,latin text continues thus3-- ',vt quondam celeri stilo ,mos est aequore paginae ,quae nullas habeat notas1 ,pressas figere litteras4' #aa4 pointel2 see note to ,somn4 ,tale1 ,d #agdb4 ,and cf4 ,troilus1 i4 #cfe2 ,cant4 ,ta4 ,e #aeha1 #b4 #ae4 ,but yif3 ',sed mens si propriis uigens ,nihil motibus explicat ,sed tantm patiens iacet ,notis subdita corporum1 ,cassasque in speculi uicem ,rerum reddit imagines4 ,vnde haec sic animis uiget ,cernens omnia notio8 ,quae uis singula prospicit1 ,aut quae cognita diuidit8 ,quae diuisa recolligit1 ,alternumque legens iter ,nunc summis caput inserit1 ,nunc desidit in infima1 ,tum sese referens sibi1 ,veris falsa redarguit8' #cb4 passioun1 passive feeling1 impression3 'passio4' ,,prose #e4 #a4 ,but what yif 444 and al be it so1 ,nevertheless1 even if it be so3 ',quod si 444 quamuis4' #d4 entalenten1 affect1 incline1 stimulate3 'afficiant4' #ah4 ,for the wit1 i4e4 the sense1 the external senses4 #ba4 as oystres 444 see3 the ,latin merely has3 'quales sunt conchae maris4' #bc4 remuable1 capable of motion from place to place3 'mobilibus belluis4' talent1 inclination1 desire1 wish3 'affectus4' #cj4 ,but how 444 yif that1 but how will it be if8 #cc4 that that that1 that that thing which4 #ce4 ne that ther nis1 so that there is3 'nec quicquam esse sensibile4' #di4 maner stryvinge1 sort of strife3 ',in huiusmodi igitur lite4' #fb4 parsoneres1 partners of1 endowed with4 ,the modern partner represents the ,m4 ,e4 parcener1 variant of parsoner1 from ,o4 ,f4 parsonier1 representing a ,latin form 99partitionarius4 ,lat4 'participes4' #ff4 ,for which3 ',quare in illius summae intelligentiae cacumen1 si possumus1 erigamur4' ,,metre #e4 #a4 passen by1 move over3 'permeant4' #f4 by moist fleeinge3 'liquido 444 uolatu4' gladen hemself1 delight3 'gaudent4' #g4 with hir goings 444 feet3 'gressibus4' #i4 to walken under1 to enter3 'subire4' #aj4 enclined1 i4e4 enclined earthwards3 ',prona4' #aa4 hevieth1 oppresses3 ',prona tamen facies hebetes ualet ingrauare sensus4' ,from ,aristotle1 ,on the ,parts of ,animals1 ,bk4 iv4 ,greek3 ,dio pleionos genomenou tou barous kai tou smatdous1 anank rhepein ta smata pros tn gn 7chap4 #aj74 ,as to the upright carriage of man1 see the same chapter4 ,cf4 ,ovid1 ,met4 i4 #hd1 and see note to ,chaucer's ',truth1' l4 #ai4 #ab4 light1 i4e4 not bowed down3 'leuis recto stat corpore4' #ad4 axest1 seemest to seek3 'caelum 444 petis4' ,,prose #f4 #ba4 as ,aristotle demed2 in ,de ,caelo1 lib4 i4 #cc4 present3 'et sui compos praesens sibi semper assistere4' #db4 ,plato4 ,this notion is found in ,proclus and ,plotinus1 and other followers of ,plato2 but ,plato himself really expressed a contrary opinion1 viz4 that the world had a definite beginning4 ,see his ,timus4 #dh4 ,for this ilke3 ',hunc enim uitae immobilis praesentarium statum infinitus ille temporalium rerum motus imitatur2 cumque eum effingere atque aequare non possit1 ex immobilitate deficit in motum1 et ex simplicitate praesentiae decrescit in infinitam futuri ac praeteriti quantitatem2' c4 #ec4 disencreseth2 a clumsy form for decreseth3 'decrescit4' #fe4 therfor it3 'infinitum temporis iter arripuit4' #ha4 it is science3 'sed scientiam nunquam deficientis instantiae rectius aestimabis4' #hb4 ,for which3 ',unde non praeuidentia1 sed prouidentia1 potius dicitur4' ,the footnote to l4 #hc is wrong1 as ,dr4 ,furnivall's reprint of ,,ms4 ,c4 is here at fault4 ,that ,,ms4 7like ,,ms4 ,ii4 #a4 #ch7 has here the correct reading 'preuydence1' without any gloss at all4 ,the gloss 'prouidentia' belongs to the word 'purviaunce4' ,hence the reading 'previdence1' which ,i thought to be unsupported1 is really supported by two good ,,mss4 #hf4 ,why axestow 444 thanne3 ',quid igitur postulas8' #aab4 he ne unwot3 'quod idem exsistendi necessitate carere non nesciat4' #aaf4 it ne may nat unbityde3 'id non euenire non posse4' #aai4 but unnethe3 'sed cui uix aliquis nisi diuini speculator accesserit4' #aej1 #a4 in beinge1 in coming to pass3 'exsistendo4' by the which3 'qua prius quam fierent1 etiam non euenire potuissent4' ,,ms4 ,c4 has the contraction for 'que1' i4e4 'quae'2 but ,chaucer clearly adopted the reading 'qua4' ,the usual reading is 'quia' or 'quae4' #aed4 so as they comen1 since they come3 'cum 444 eueniant4' #aei4 the sonne arysinge4 ,see above1 p4 #adh1 l4 #ajb3 ',right so1' c4 #ahe4 ,and thilke3 'illa quoque noscendi uices alternare uideatur8' #aia4 ,for the devyne3 ',omne namque futurum diuinus praecurrit intuitus1 et ad praesentiam propriae cognitionis retorquet ac reuocat4' ,hence retorneth hem means 'makes them return4' #aic4 ne he ne3 'nec alternat1 ut existimas1 nunc hoc1 nunc illud praenoscendi uices2 sed uno ictu mutationes tuas manens praeuenit atque complectitur4' #aii4 a litel her-biforn4 ,see above1 ,bk4 v4 ,pr4 #c1 ll4 #fb-fe2 c4 #bjg4 purposen1 propose1 assign3 'proponunt4' #bjh4 to the willinges3 'solutis omni necessitate uoluntatibus4' #baa4 renneth 444 with1 concurs with3 'concurrit4' #bad4 put1 set3 'positae4' that ne mowen3 'quae cum rectae sunt1 inefficaces esse non possunt4' #bag4 areys thy corage3 'animum subleuate4' yilde3 'humiles preces in excelsa porrigite4' #bbj4 sin that ye3 'cum ante oculos agitis iudicis cuncta cernentis4' ,with the word 'cernentis' the ,lat4 treatise ends4 ,the words--',to whom 444 ,amen' occur in the ,cambridge ,,ms4 only2 and1 in all probability1 were merely added by the scribe4 ,however1 the ,latin copy in that ,,ms4 adds1 after 'cernentis1' the following3 ',qui est dominus noster ,iesus ,christus1 cui sit honor et gloria in secula seculorum4 ,,amen4' ,,notes ,,to ,,troilus4 ,,book ,i4 ,i must refer the student to ,mr4 ,rossetti's work 7,chaucer ,soc4 #ahge7 for a detailed comparison of ,chaucer's poem with the ,filostrato of ,boccaccio4 ,the following table roughly indicates the portions of these works which are more or less similar1 down to the end of ,book ,i4 ,similar tables are prefixed to the ,notes on the other books4 ,it often happens that a stanza in ,chaucer has a mere general resemblance to the corresponding one in ,boccaccio4 ,the lines in ,chaucer not mentioned below are1 in the main1 original2 e4g4 #a-bj1 #ca-ef1 c42 and so are many others that cannot be here more exactly specified4 ,,chaucer3 ,,book ,i4 ,,filostrato4 ll4 #ba-cj4 ,bk4 ,i4 ,st4 ,v1 ,,vi4 #eg-bac4 ,,vii-,,xxv4 #bfg-cbi4 ,,xxvi-,,xxxii4 #f4 #ced-cib4 ,,xxxii4 #g-,,xxxvii4 #djj-dbj4 ,petrarch3 ,sonnet #hh4 #dba-edf4 ,,xxxviii-,,lvii4 #edg-eec4 ,bk4 ,,ii4 ,st4 ,i4 #efh-fcj4 ,,ii-,x4 #fde-g1 #fff-g1 #fge-f4 ,,xi4 #a1 ,,xiii4 #g1 #h1 ,,xi1 #g1 #h4 #fhj-fhf4 ,,xii4 #gja-c1 #gjh-i1 #gbb-c4 ,,xiii1 ,,xv4 #a4 #hfj-hhi4 ,,xvi1 ,,xvii1 ,,xx-,,xxii4 #hig-ijj4 ,,xxiii4 #a-c4 #ifg-ajfj4 ,,xxiv-,,xxxiv4 #b4 ',that was the son of ,king ,priam of ,troy4' #e4 fro ye1 from you2 observe the rime4 ,the form ye is not here the nom4 case1 but the unemphatic form of the acc4 you2 pronounced 7y99e71 where 799e7 is the indefinite vowel1 like the a in ,china4 ,so in ,shak4 ,two ,gent4 iv4 #a4 #c1 #d1 we have about ye 7unemphatic7 in l4 #c1 and you twice in l4 #d4 #f4 ,thesiphone1 ,tisiphone1 one of the ,furies1 invoked as being a 'goddess of torment4' ,cf4 'furial pyne of helle1' ,sq4 ,ta4 ,f #ddh4 #ac4 fere1 companion2 viz4 ,tisiphone4 #af4 ',nor dare pray to ,love1' c4 #ba4 ,cf4 ,boccaccio3 ',tuo sia l'onore1 e mio si sia l'affanno1' ,fil4 ,i4 st4 #e4 ,and see ll4 #ajdb1 #c below4 #eg4 ,here begins the story2 cf4 ,fil4 ,i4 st4 #g4 ,bell remarks that 'a thousand shippes1' in l4 #eh1 may have been suggested by 'mille carinae' in ,verg4 n4 ii4 #aih2 cf4 'anni decem' in the same line1 with l4 #fj4 #fg4 ,read xpert4 ,calkas is ,homer's ,calchas1 ,il4 i4 #fi4 ,he was a ,greek1 but ,guido makes him a ,trojan1 putting him in the place of ,homer's ,chryses4 ,see the allit4 ,troy-book1 #ghhf4 #gj4 ,delphicus1 of ,delphi2 cf4 ,ovid1 ,met4 ii4 #edc4 #gg4 ,ye1 yea4 wolde who-so nolde1 whoever wished it or did not wish it4 ,this idiomatic phrase is thus expressed in the ,,mss4 ,bell's edition has wold who so or nolde1 where the e in wolde is suppressed and the word or inserted without authority4 ,i hesitate1 as an editor1 to alter an idiomatic phrase4 ,cf4 will he1 nill he1 in which there is no or4 #ia4 ',deserve to be burnt1 both skin and bones4' #ii4 ,criseyde2 ,boccaccio has ,griseida1 answering to ,homer's ,greek3 ,chrysida1 ,il4 i4 #adc4 ,it was common1 in the ,middle ,ages1 to adopt the accusative form as the standard one1 especially in proper names4 ,her father was ,chryses2 see note to l4 #fg4 ,but ,benot de ,sainte-,maure calls her ,briseida1 and ,chryseis and ,briseis seem to have been confused4 ,the allit4 ,troy-book has ,bresaide2 l4 #hjbi4 #aai4 ',while it well pleases you'2 good is used adverbially4 ,ital4 'mentre t' aggrada4' #abe4 ',and would have done so oftener1 if1' c4 #abf4 and hoom1 and 7went7 home4 #acb1 #acc4 ,this is a curious statement1 and ,chaucer's object in making it is not clear4 ,boccaccio says expressly that she had neither son nor daughter 7st4 #ae72 and ,benot 7l4 #abigg7 calls her 'la pucele4' #acf4 som day1 one day2 used quite generally4 #ach4 ',and thus ,fortune wheeled both of them up and down again4' ,alluding to the wheel of ,fortune2 see the ,ballade on ,fortune1 l4 #df1 and note4 #ade4 ,troyane gestes1 ,trojan history2 cf4 the title of ,guido delle ,colonne's book1 viz4 ',historia ,troiana1' which ,chaucer certainly consulted1 as shewn by several incidents in the poem4 #adf4 ,omer1 ,homer2 whose account was considered untrustworthy by the medieval writers2 see ,ho4 ,fame1 #adgg1 and note4 ,dares1 ,dares ,phrygius2 ,dyte1 ,dictys ,cretensis2 see notes to ,ho4 ,fame1 #adfg1 #adfh4 ,these three authors really mean ,guido delle ,colonne1 who professed to follow them4 #aec4 ,palladion1 the ,palladium or sacred image of ,pallas1 on the keeping of which the safety of ,troy depended4 ,it was stolen from ,troy by ,diomede and ,ulysses2 see neid1 ii4 #aff4 ,but ,chaucer doubtless read the long account in ,guido delle ,colonne4 #aga4 ,hence ,henrysoun1 in his ,testament of ,criseyde1 st4 #ab1 calls her 'the flower and ,a-per-se ,of ,troy and ,greece4' ,cf4 ',she was a woman ,a-per-se1 alon'2 ,romance of ,partenay1 #aadh4 ,boccaccio's image is much finer2 he says that she surpassed other women as the rose does the violet4 ,on the other hand1 l4 #age is ,chaucer's own4 #agb4 makelees1 matchless1 peerless2 cf4 ,a4,s4 gemaca4 #ahi4 lakken1 to blame2 see ,p4 ,pl4 ,b4 v4 #acb4 #aib4 bayten1 feed1 feast 7metaphorically72 ,e4 bait4 #bje4 ,ascaunces1 as if2 in l4 #bib1 the ,ital4 text has ,quasi dicesse1 as if she said4 ,see ,cant4 ,ta4 ,d #agde1 ,g #hch4 ,it is tautological1 being formed from ,e4 as and the ,o4,f4 quanses1 as if 7,godefroy72 so that the literal force is 'as as if4' #baj4 ',and nevertheless or1 still he 7,cupid7 can pluck as proud a peacock 7as was ,troilus74' ,cf4 ,prol4 ,a #feb4 #bad-bff4 ,these lines are ,chaucer's own4 #bag4 falleth1 happens2 ne wenden1 would not expect4 ,in ,ray's ,proverbs1 ed4 #agcg1 p4 #bgi1 is a ,scotch proverb--',all fails that fools thinks' 7sic72 which favours the alternative reading given in the footnote4 #bah4 ,bayard1 a name for a bay horse2 see ,can4 ,yem4 ,ta4 ,g #adac4 #bbi4 wex a-fere1 became on fire4 ,fere is a common ,southern form1 as a variant of fyre1 though a-fyre occurs in ,ho4 ,fame1 #aheh4 ,the ,a4,s4 vowel is y1 the ,a4,s4 form being fyr4 #bci4 ',has proved 7to be true71 and still does so4' #beg4 ',the stick that will bend and ply is better than one that breaks4' ,compare the fable of the ,oak and the ,reed2 see bk4 ii4 #achg4 #bff4 ther-to refere1 revert thereto4 ,halliwell gives3 ',refeere1 to revert2 ,hoccleve4' ,chaucer here ends his own remarks1 and goes back to the ,filostrato4 #bib4 ,ascaunces1 as if 7she said72 see note to l4 #bje4 #caf4 awhaped1 amazed1 stupefied2 see ,anelida1 #bae2 ,leg4 of ,good ,women1 #acb1 #had1 #bcba2 he was 'not utterly confounded1' but only dazed2 cf4 l4 #cbb4 #cbg4 borneth1 burnishes1 polishes up2 i4e4 makes bright and cheerful4 ,the rime shews that it is a variant spelling of burneth2 cf4 burned1 burnished1 ,ho4 ,fame1 #achg2 ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #aihc4 ,,ms4 ,harl4 #cidc has vnournith1 an error for anorneth1 adorns2 with a like sense4 #ccc4 ,him tit1 to him betideth2 tit is for tydeth4 #ccf4 ordre1 sect1 brotherhood2 a jesting allusion to the religious orders4 ,so also ruled under a religious rule4 #ccg4 noun-certeyn1 uncertainty2 cf4 ,o4,f4 noncerteit1 uncertainty 7,godefroy72 nounpower1 want of power 7,p4 ,plowman72 and ,f4 nonchalance4 ,again spelt noun-certeyn1 ,compl4 ,venus1 #df4 #cdj4 lay1 law1 ordinance2 see ,sq4 ,ta4 ,f #ah4 #cdd4 ',but observe this--that which ye lovers often avoid1 or else do with a good intention1 often will thy lady misconstrue it1' c4 #cfc4 a temple1 i4e4 in the temple4 #cha4 ,first stands alone in the first foot4 ,cf4 ll4 #dij1 #fjc1 #haa4 #che4 ,yelt1 short for yeldeth1 yields4 #cid4 writ1 writeth4 ,lollius2 ,chaucer's reason for the use of this name is not known4 ,perhaps we may agree with ,dr4 ,latham1 who suggested 7in a letter to the ,athenum1 ,oct4 #c1 #ahfh1 p4 #dcc71 that ,chaucer misread this line in ,horace 7,epist4 i4 #b4 #a71 viz4 ',troiani belli scriptorem1 maxime ,lolli'2 and thence derived the notion that ,lollius wrote on the ,trojan war4 ,this becomes the more likely if we suppose that he merely saw this line quoted apart from the context4 ,chaucer does not seem to have read ,horace for himself4 ,as a matter of fact1 ll4 #djj-dbj are translated from the #hhth sonnet of ,petrarch4 ,see note to ,ho4 of ,fame1 #adfh4 ,the following is the text of ,petrarch's sonnet3 ',s'amor non 1 che dunque quel ch' i'sento8 ,ma s'egli amor1 per ,dio1 che cosa e quale8 ,se buona1 ond' l'effetto aspro mortale8 ,se ria1 ond' si dolce ogni tormento8 ,s'a mia voglia ardo1 ond' 'l pianto e'l lamento8 ,s'a mal mia grado1 il lamentar che vale8 ,o viva morte1 o dilettoso male1 ,come puoi tanto in me s'io nol consento8 ,e s'io 'l consento1 a gran torto mi doglio4 ,fra si contrari venti1 in frale barca ,mi trovo in alto mar1 senza governo4 ,s lieve di saver1 d'error s carca ,ch' i' medesmo non so quel ch'io mi voglio1 ,e tremo a mezza state1 ardendo il verno4' ,in l4 #dja1 whiche means 'of what kind4' #dbe4 ,ital4 text--',non so s'io dico a donna1 ovvero a dea'2 ,fil4 ,i4 #ch4 ,cf4 neid1 i4 #cbg4 ,hence the line in ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #aaja4 #deg4 ,that2 in modern ,e41 we should use ,but1 or else said not for seyde4 #dfc4 ,fled-de is here a plural form1 the pp4 being treated as an adjective4 ,cf4 sprad-de1 iv4 #adbb2 whet-te1 v4 #agfj4 #dfd4 savacioun2 ,ital4 'salute4' ,mr4 ,rossetti thinks that salute here means 'well-being' or 'health'2 and perhaps savacioun is intended to mean the same1 the literal sense being 'safety4' #dfe4 fownes1 fawns2 see ,book of the ,duch4 #dbi4 ,it is here used1 metaphorically1 to mean 'young desires' or 'fresh yearnings4' ,this image is not in ,boccaccio4 #dgj4 ,i take the right reading to be felle1 as in ,cm4 ,ed41 with the sense 'destructive4' ,as it might also mean 'happened1' other ,,mss4 turned it into fille1 which makes a most awkward construction4 ,the sense is3 ',the sharp destructive assaults of the proof of arms i4e4 which afforded proof of skill in fighting1 which ,hector and his other brothers performed1 not once made him move on that account only'2 i4e4 when he exerted himself1 it was not for mere fighting's sake4 ,chaucer uses fel elsewhere2 the pl4 felle is in ,troil4 iv4 #dd2 and see ,cant4 ,ta4 ,d #bjjb1 ,b #bjai4 ,for preve1 proof1 see l4 #fij4 #dgc1 #d4 riden and abiden 7with short i7 rime with diden1 and are past tenses plural4 l4 #dgd is elliptical3 'found 7to be7 one of the best1 and 7one of those who7 longest abode where peril was4' #dhc4 the deeth1 i4e4 the pestilence1 the plague4 #dhh4 title1 a name2 he said it was 'a fever4' #eag4 daunce1 i4e4 company of dancers4 ,cf4 ,ho4 ,fame1 #fci1 #fdj4 #ecj-b4 ',for1 by my hidden sorrow1 7when it is7 blased abroad1 ,i shall be befooled more1 a thousand times1 than the fool of whose folly men write rimes4' ,no particular reference seems to be intended by l4 #ecb2 the ,ital4 text merely has 'pi ch' altro1' more than any one4 #eeg4 attricioun1 attrition4 ',an imperfect sorrow for sin1 as if a bruising which does not amount to utter crushing 7contrition72 horror of sin through fear of punishment 444 while contrition has its motive in the love of ,god2' ,new ,e4 ,dict4 #eei4 ley on presse1 compress1 diminish2 cf4 ,prol4 ,a #ha4 #efj4 holinesse1 the leanness befitting a holy state4 #fbf4 ',that one1 whom excess causes to fare very badly4' #fca-fgi4 ,largely original2 but1 for l4 #fce1 see note to ,bk4 ,,iii4 #cbi4 #fch-fdd4 ,there is a like passage in ,p4 ,pl4 ,c4 xxi4 #bji-bag4 ,chaucer1 however1 here follows ,le ,roman de la ,rose1 #bahai-dj1 q4v4 #fdh4 amayed1 dismayed2 ,o4,f4 esmaier4 ,so in ,bk4 ,,iv4 l4 #fda4 #fed4 ,onone seems to have four syllables4 ,,ms4 ,h4 has ,oonone2 ,,ms4 ,cm4 senome 7over an erasure72 ,,ms4 ,harl4 #cidc1 ,tynome4 ,alluding to the letter of ,oenone to ,paris in ,ovid1 ,heroid4 v4 #fei-ffe4 ,not at all a literal translation1 but it gives the general sense of ,heroid4 v4 #adi-aeb3 ',me miseram1 quod amor non est medicabilis herbis6 ,deficior prudens artis ab arte mea4 ,ipse repertor opis uaccas pauisse ,pheraeas ,fertur1 et a nostro saucius igne fuit4' ,ipse repertor opis means ,phoebus1 who 'first fond art of medicyne2' ,pheraeas1 i4e4 of ,pherae1 refers to ,pherae in ,thessaly1 the residence of king ,admetus4 ,admetus gained ,alcestis for his wife by the assistance of ,apollo1 who1 according to some accounts1 served ,admetus out of attachment to him1 or1 according to other accounts1 because he was condemned to serve a mortal for a year4 ,chaucer seems to adopt a theory that ,apollo loved ,admetus chiefly for his daughter's sake4 ,the usual story about ,apollo is his love for ,daphne4 #fgd4 ',even though ,i had to die by torture2' cf4 ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #aacc4 #fhf4 ',until it pleases him to desist4' #fhh4 ',to mistrust every one1 or to believe every one4' #fid4 ,the wyse1 ,solomon2 see ,eccles4 iv4 #aj4 #fii4 ,niobe2 'lacrimas etiamnum marmora manant2' ,ovid1 ,met4 vi4 #caa4 #gje4 ',that eke out 7increase7 their sorrows1' c4 #gjg4 ',and care not to seek for themselves another cure4' #gjh4 ,a proverb2 see note to ,can4 ,yem4 ,ta4 ,g #gdf4 #gac4 harde grace1 misfortune2 cf4 ,cant4 ,ta4 ,g #ffe1 #aahi4 ,tyrwhitt quotes ,euripides1 ,herc4 ,furens1 #abej3 ,greek3 ,gem kakn d1 kouket' esth' hopou teth4 #gcj1 #gca4 ,from ,boethius1 ,bk4 ,i4 ,pr4 #b4 l4 #ad1 and ,pr4 #d4 l4 #b4 #gci4 ',on whose account he fared so4' #gdj4 ,compare3 ',he makes a rod for his own breech'2 ,hazlitt's ,proverbs4 #gde4 ',for it 7love7 would sufficiently spring to light of itself4' #gdg4 ,cf4 ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #geie-f4 #gfc4 ',but they do not care to seek a remedy4' #ghj4 ,pronounced ben'cite2 see note to ,cant4 ,ta4 ,b #aagj4 #ghf4 ,ticius1 ,tityos4 ,,ms4 ,h#b4 wrongly has ,siciphus4 ',the fowl that highte voltor1 that eteth the stomak or the giser of ,tityus1 is so fulfild of his song that it nil eten ne tyren no more2' tr4 of ,boeth4 ,bk4 ,,iii4 ,met4 #ab4 #bh4 ,the original has3 ',vultur1 dum satur est modis1 ,non traxit ,tityi iecur4' ,see also ,verg4 n4 vi4 #eie2 ,ovid1 ,met4 iv4 #def4 #haa4 ,first foot deficient1 as in ll4 #fjc1 #ajea1 #ajfi1 c4 winter1 years4 ,perhaps imitated from ,le ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #baade-i4 #hdf1 #hdg4 ,see ,boethius1 ,bk4 ii4 ,pr4 #c4 #eb-ed4 #hdh4 ,from ,boethius1 ,lib4 ,,ii4 ,pr4 #a3 'si manere incipit1 fors esse desistit4' ,see p4 #bf above1 l4 #hc4 #hhg4 ',and1 to augment all this the more4' #hij-iff4 ,this is all ,chaucer's own2 so also #iid-ajjh4 #iaf4 a blaunche fevere1 a fever that turns men white2 said jocosely4 ,lovers were supposed to be pale2 ,ovid1 ,art4 ,am4 i4 #gbi4 ,cotgrave is somewhat more precise4 ,he gives3 ',fievres blanches1 the agues wherewith maidens that have the green sickness are troubled2 hence1 ,il a les fievres blanches1 either he is in love1 or sick of wantonness4' ,in the ,cuckoo and the ,nightingale1 l4 #da1 we find3 ',i am so shaken with the feveres white4' #icb4 beet2 beat thy breast 7to shew thy repentance74 ,cf4 ,p4 ,plowm4 ,b4 v4 #ded4 #ief4 ,a proverb4 ',the more haste1 the worse speed 7success74' ,cf4 ,bk4 iii4 #aefg1 and ,the ,tale of ,melibeus1 ,b #bbdd4 #ifd4 ,dr4 ,kppel says--cf4 ,albertano of ,brescia1 ,liber de ,amore ,dei1 #de;b3 ',iam et ,seneca dixit1 ,non conualescit planta1 quae saepe transfertur4' #ifi4 ',a bon port estes arrivs'2 ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #abifd4 #igg4 ,fil4 ii4 st4 #bg3 ',io credo certo1 ch' ogni donna in voglia ,viva amorosa4' #ajjj4 post1 pillar1 support2 as in ,prol4 ,a #bad4 #ajjb4 ,cf4 ',the greater the sinner1 the greater the saint4' #ajaa4 ,understand he4 ',he became1 as one may say1 untormented of his wo4' #ajbd4 cherl1 man4 ',you are afraid the man will fall out of the moon6' ,alluding to the old notion that the spots on the moon's surface represent a man with a bundle of sticks4 ,see the curious poem on this subject in ,wright's ,specimens of ,lyric ,poetry1 p4 #aaj2 also printed in ,ritson's ,ancient ,songs1 i4 #fh1 and in ,bddeker's ,altenglische ,dichtungen1 p4 #agf1 where a fear is expressed that the man may fall out of the moon4 ,cf4 ,temp4 ii4 #b4 #ada2 ,mids4 ,nt4 ,dr4 v4 #a4 #bdi2 and see ,alex4 ,neckam1 ed4 ,wright1 pp4 xviii1 #ed4 #ajbf4 ',why1 meddle with that which really concerns you1' i4e4 mind your own business4 ,some copies needlessly turn this into a question and insert ne before hast4 #ajch4 ',and am ,i to be thy surety8' #ajej4 ,scan3 ',and yet m' athink'th 444 m'asterte4' ,the sense is3 ',and yet it repents me that this boast should escape me4' #ajea4 ,deficient in the first foot3 ',now ,pandre4' ,so in l4 #ajfi4 #ajeb4 ',but thou1 being wise1 thou knowest1' c4 ,in this line1 thou seems to be emphatic throughout4 #ajeh4 ,read dsirus2 as in ,book ii4 #aaja1 and ,sq4 ,ta4 ,f #bc4 #ajgj4 ,pandare is here trisyllabic2 with unelided -e4 #ajgh4 ,the same line occurs in the ,clerk4 ,ta4 ,e #dac4 #ajhh4 ',and is partly well eased of the aching of his wound1 yet is none the more healed2 and1 like an easy patient 7i4e4 a patient not in pain71 awaits 7lit4 abides7 the prescription of him that tries to cure him2 and thus he perseveres in his destiny4' ,dryveth forth means 'goes on with1' or 'goes through with4' ,the reading dryeth1 i4e4 endures1 is out of place here1 as it implies suffering2 whereas1 at the present stage1 ,troilus is extremely hopeful4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,the chief correspondences are shewn in the following table4 ,,chaucer3 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,filostrato3 ,,book ,,ii4 ll4 #bfe-f1 #bgd-cjh4 st4 #ce-cg4 #caf-cbb4 #df4 #cia-dai1 #dbh-dee4 #dc1 #ed1 #dg-ef4 #eja-ebc1 #edj-a4 #ee-eg1 #fa4 #eed-egh4 #fb-fd4 #ehd-ehh4 #dc4 #ehi-fjb4 #fe1 #ff1 #fh4 #fde-ffe4 #hb-hh1 #ga-gh4 #gcc-e1 #gdf-gfc4 #fi1 #gj4 #gfh-ghd4 #gc1 #ge-gh4 #icg-h1 #iff-iha4 #gi-ha1 #hi4 #iie-ajaj4 #ij1 #ia4 #ajdd-aajd4 #ic-ih1 #ajj-aji4 #aabe-abcb4 #aji-abh4 #acje-acea4 #abh-aca4 ,other passages are mainly original2 as1 e4g4 ll4 #aceb-ageg at the end1 and #a-bfd at the beginning4 #a-c4 ,these lines somewhat resemble ,dante1 ,purgat4 i4 #a-c4 ',per correr miglior acqua alza le vele ,omai la navicella del mio ingegno1 ,che lascia dietro a s mar s crudele2' c4 #g4 calendes1 the introduction to the beginning2 see bk4 v4 l4 #afcd4 ,thus the 'kalends of ,january' precede that month1 being the period from ,dec4 #ad to ,dec4 #ca4 #h4 ,cleo2 so in most copies2 ,h#b4 has ,clyo2 ,clio1 the muse of history4 #ad4 ,latin seems1 in this case1 to mean ,italian1 which was called ,latino volgare4 #ba4 ',a blind man cannot judge well of colours2' a proverb4 #bb4 ,doubtless from ,horace's ,ars ,poetica1 #ga-c2 probably borrowed at second-hand4 #bh4 ,a proverb4 ,in the ,proverbs of ,hendyng1 l4 #bi1 we have3 ',ase fele thede1 ase fele thewes1' i4e4 so many peoples1 so many customs4 ,see l4 #db below4 ,cf4 ,boethius1 ,bk4 ii4 ,pr4 #g4 #di 7p4 #dg74 #cf4 went1 for wendeth2 i4e4 goes2 pres4 tense4 #df4 ',yet all is told1 or must be told4' #dh4 bitit1 for bitydeth2 i4e4 betides1 happens4 #ee4 ,bole1 ,bull1 the sign ,taurus4 ,on the third of ,may1 in ,chaucer's time1 the sun would be in about the #bjth degree of ,taurus4 ,the epithet white is from ,ovid1 ,met4 ii4 #heb4 #fc4 wente1 sb41 a turn2 i4e4 he tossed about4 #fd-fh4 forshapen1 metamorphosed4 ,progne was changed into a swallow2 ,ovid1 ,met4 vi4 #ffh4 ,tereus carried off ,progne's sister ,philomela2 see ,leg4 of ,good ,women 7,philomela74 #gd4 ',and knew that the moon was in a good plight 7position7 for him to take his journey4' ,that is1 the moon's position was propitious2 see note to ,man of ,lawes ,tale1 ,b #cab4 #gg4 ',janus1 god of 7the7 entry2' see ,ovid1 ,fasti1 i4 #abe4 #ha4 ',and found 7that7 she and two other ladies were sitting4' ,sete 7,a4 ,s4 ston7 is the pt4 t4 pl41 not the pp4 #hd4 ,the celebrated story of the ,siege of ,thebes1 known to ,chaucer through the ,thebais of ,statius2 see bk4 v4 #adhd4 ,and see l4 #ajj4 #hg4 ,ey1 eh6 a note of exclamation1 of frequent occurrence in the present poem4 #ajc4 lettres rede1 i4e4 the rubric describing the contents of the next section4 #ajj-aje4 ,oedipus unwittingly slew his father ,laius2 and the two sons of ,oedipus contended for ,thebes4 ,for ,amphiorax1 see note to bk4 v4 #aejj1 and to ,anelida1 #eg4 #ajh4 bokes twelve2 the #ab ,books of the ,thebais4 ,the death of ,amphioraus is related at the end of ,book vii4 #aaj4 barbe1 'part of a woman's dress1 still sometimes worn by nuns1 consisting of a piece of white plaited linen1 passed over or under the chin1 and reaching midway to the waist2' ,new ,e4 ,dict4 ,she wore it because she was a widow2 see the quotations in the ,new ,e4 ,dict41 esp4 'wearing of barbes at funerals4' ,and see ,barbuta in ,ducange4 #aab4 ',let us perform some rite in honour of ,may2' see note to ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #aejj4 #aag4 ,the right reading is necessarily sete1 for ,a4 ,s4 ste1 #c p4 s4 pt4 t4 subj4 of sitten2 'it would befit4' ,cf4 seten1 they sat1 #ha1 #aaib4 #acd4 ',and ,i am your surety1' i4e4 you may depend upon me2 see bk4 i4 #ajch4 #aea4 unkouth1 unknown1 strange2 hence1 very2 ,sc4 unco'4 #aed4 wal1 wall1 defence2 yerde1 rod1 scourge1 as in bk4 i4 #gdj4 #afg4 ,from ,le ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #efhd-f3-- ',lucan redit1 qui moult fu sages1 ,c'onques vertu et grant pooir ,ne pot nus ensemble veoir4' ,cf4 ,lucan1 ,phar4 i4 #ib4 #bcf4 ,withoute1 excepting sweethearts2 or1 excepting by way of passionate love4 ,the latter is the usual sense in ,chaucer4 #bgc4 ',therefore ,i will endeavour to humour her intelligence4' #bid4 so well bigoon1 so well bestead1 so fortunate4 ,cf4 ,parl4 ,foules1 #aga4 #cah4 ,which 444 his1 whose2 cf4 that 444 his1 ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #bgaj4 #cbh4 ',then you have fished to some purpose2' ironical4 ,to fish fair is to catch many fish4 #cbi4 ,what mende ye1 what do you gain1 though we both lose8 #cdd4 ,gems were supposed to have hidden virtues4 #chg4 fele1 find out1 investigate4 #cia1 #b4 ,cf4 ,ovid1 ,art4 ,amat4 ii4 #ajg3 ',ut ameris1 amabilis esto4' #cic4 ,in the same1 #aac1 we find3 ',forma bonum fragile est1' c4 #cif4 ',go and love2 for1 when old1 no one will have you4' #cih4 ',i am warned too late1 when it has past away1 quoth ,beauty4' #djj4 ,the 'king's fool' got the hint from ,ovid1 ,art4 ,amat4 ii4 #aah3 ',iam uenient rugae1' c4 #djc4 crowes feet1 crow's feet2 wrinkles at the corners of the eyes2 from the shape4 ,so in ,spenser1 ,shep4 ,kal4 ,december1 #acf3 ',and by myne eie the crow his clawe doth write4' #djh4 breste a wepe1 burst out a-weeping4 #dac4 ,ret1 for redeth1 advises2 cf4 ,p4 ,plowman ,c4 iv4 #daj1 and note4 #dbe4 ,pallas2 perhaps invoked with reference to the ,palladium of ,troy2 bk4 ,i4 l4 #aec4 ,moreover1 ,pallas was a virgin goddess4 #dcd4 ',of me no consideration need be taken4' #dgg4 ',except that ,i will not give him encouragement2' see #abbb4 #dhc4 ',but when the cause ceases1 the disease ceases4' #ejg4 gon1 gone2 'not very long ago4' #ebe4 mea culpa1 by my fault2 words used in confession3 see ,p4 ,plowman1 ,b4 v4 #gg1 and note4 #ebg4 ,ledest the fyn1 guidest the end2 cf4 ,boeth4 ,bk4 iv4 ,pr4 #f4 #adi4 #ecg4 biwryen1 used in place of biwreyen1 to bewray4 ,the same rather arbitrary form appears in ,parl4 ,foules1 #cdh4 #eci4 ',because men cover them up1' c4 #ehf4 were never1 never would be2 were is in the subjunctive mood4 #faa4 ,thascry1 for ,the ascry1 the alarm4 ,ascry occurs in ,wyclif1 ,prov4 vii4 #f4 #fae4 latis1 lattice4 ,the reading yates1 gates1 is wrong1 as shewn by l4 #fag4 #fah4 ,dardanus1 ancestor of ,priam4 ,cf4 ,dardanidae1 i4 e4 ,trojans1 ,verg4 ,aen4 i4 #efj1 ii4 #gb1 c4 ,troy had six gates1 according to ,guido2 the strongest of these was ,dardanus2 see the allit4 ,destruction of ,troy1 ed4 ,panton and ,donaldson1 l4 #aeeg1 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troy1 b4 ii4 c4 #aa1 and ,shakespeare's ,prologue to his ,troilus4 ther open is the cheyne1 where the chain is open1 or unfastened4 ,alluding to the chains sometimes drawn across a street1 to block it against horsemen4 ,the sense is1 'he will come down this street1 because the others are blocked4' #fba4 happy1 fortunate4 ,it was a lucky day for him4 #fbg4 a pas1 at a foot-pace2 see ,prol4 ,a #hbe1 and l4 #fbj above4 #fcg4 an heven1 a beautiful sight2 cf4 ,sq4 ,ta4 ,f #eeh4 #fci4 tissew1 lace1 twisted band2 from ,f4 tistre1 to weave4 #fdb4 ,the shield was covered with horn1 sinews or nerf1 and skin or rind4 #fea4 ',who has given me a love-potion8' #fef4 for pure ashamed1 for being completely ashamed1 i4e4 for very shame4 ,a curious idiom4 #fff4 envous1 envious person2 accented on y1 as in l4 #heg4 #fgg4 ,ma de2 two syllables4 ,the first foot is imperfect4 #fha4 ,the astrological term 'house' has two senses2 it sometimes means a zodiacal sign1 as when1 e4g4 ,taurus is called the 'house' or mansion of ,venus2 and sometimes it has another sense1 as1 probably1 in the present passage4 ,see ,chaucer's treatise on the ,astrolabe1 pt4 ii4 #cg1 on 'the equations of houses4' ,in the latter case1 the whole celestial sphere was divided into twelve equal parts1 called 'houses1' by great circles passing through the north and south points of the horizon4 ,the first of these1 reckoning upwards from the eastern horizon1 was called the first house1 and the seventh house1 being opposite to it1 was reckoned downwards from the western horizon4 ,the first and seventh houses were both considered very fortunate2 and it is here said that ,venus was in her seventh house1 i4e4 was just below the western horizon at the moment when ,criseyde first saw him4 ,the same planet was also 'well disposed1' i4e4 in a favourable sign of the zodiac2 and at the same time was 'pleased 7or made propitious7 by favourable aspects' of other planets1 i4e4 other planets were favourably situated as regards their angular distances from ,venus4 ,moreover1 ,venus was no foe to ,troilus in his nativity1 i4e4 she was also favourably situated at the moment of his birth4 #gaf4 ,imitated from ,le ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #egfe-i1 q4v4 #gdf4 ',i am one 7who is7 the fairest4' ,the -e in fairest-e is not elided2 neither is the -e in wist-e in l4 #gde4 #gej4 ,i4e4 ',i am my own mistress4' #geb4 lese1 pasture2 ',i stand1 unfastened1 in a pleasant pasture4' ,from ,a4 ,s4 lsu4 ,cf4 ,ho4 ,fame1 #agfh4 ,it does not mean 'leash1' as usually said2 ,chaucer's form of 'leash' is lees1 as in ,cant4 ,ta4 ,g #ai4 #ged4 chekmat1 check-mate1 as in chess2 see ,book ,duch4 #fei4 ,bell sees a pun in it2 'check to my mate1' i4e4 wife2 but it remains to be shewn that the form mate 7wife7 was known to ,chaucer1 who spells it make 7,cant4 ,ta4 ,e #bjhj74 #gei4 ,i4e4 ',i am not a nun1' nor vowed to chastity4 #gfg1 #gfi4 sprat1 for spredeth1 spreads1 pres4 t42 spradde1 pt4 t4 ,cf4 ,boethius1 ,bk4 i4 ,met4 #c4 #i-ab4 #ggg4 ,according to ,bell1 ,,ms4 ,harl4 #abci also has why1 i4e4 wherefore1 a reason why1 cause4 #ghd4 ,cf4 ',s'il fait folie1 si la boive2' ,rom4 ,rose1 #abhdd4 #gig4 ',no one stumbles over it2' for it is too unsubstantial4 #hjb4 ',yet all things seem to them to be harmful1 wherein folks please their friends4' #hjg4 ',nothing venture1 nothing have4' #hcj4 hertes lust1 heart's pleasure2 to rente1 by way of rent4 #hca4 no wight1 to no one2 dat4 case4 #hfa4 ,see ,hazlitt's notes on the proverb--',many talk of ,robin ,hood1 that never shot in his bow1' c4 #hff4 ',who cannot endure sorrow deserves no joy4' #hfg4 ',and therefore let him1 who has a glass head1 beware of stones cast in battle4' #hhb4 let1 short for ledeth1 leads 7,stratmann74 #hhd4 ,the ,,mss4 end the line with syke4 ,it has been pointed out that syke is not a perfect rime to endyte1 whyte1 but only an assonance4 ,it is difficult to believe ,chaucer guilty of this oversight2 and hence ,i would suggest1 with all submission to the critics1 that possibly ,chaucer wrote syte4 ,the ,m4 ,e4 syte means to be anxious1 and occurs in the ,cursor ,mundi1 #aafge2 where ,joseph says to ,mary3--',bot ,i site for an other thing ,that we o water has nu wanting1' i4e4 but ,i am anxious about another thing1 that we lack water4 ,the sb4 site1 grief1 occurs in the ,midland dialect as well as in ,northumbrian2 see site in ,stratmann4 ,as the word is unusual1 it would naturally be altered by the scribes to the familiar syke1 to sigh1 with a cognate meaning4 #ibj4 ',and loude he song ageyn the sonne shene2' ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #aeji4 #iei4 ',unless lack of pursuit is the cause 7of failure71' c42 cf4 #ajge4 #ifd4 hameled1 cut off1 docked2 cf4 ,p4 ,pl4 ,crede1 #cjj4 #ajja4 ',your ill hap is not owing to me4' #ajag4 ,read ,and pon m1 where me is emphatic4 #ajbb4 ,when people's ears glow1 it is because they are being talked of2 according to folk-lore4 ,see ,brand's ,popular ,antiquities1 ed4 ,ellis1 iii4 #aga4 #ajbf4 ',sed lateant uires1 nec sis in fronte disertus2' ,ovid1 ,art4 ,am4 i4 #dfc4 #ajbg4 ',quascunque adspicies1 lacrimae fecere lituras2' ,ovid1 ,heroid4 iii4 #c4 #ajcc4 ',or always harp one tune4' #ajda4 ',humano capiti1' c42 ,horace1 ,ars ,poet4 #a-e4 pyk1 a pike 7fish71 as in the ,balade to ,rosemounde1 #ag4 #ajfb4 ,accent ,mnerv on the first and third syllables4 #ajge-g4 it made1 was the cause of it4 ley1 lied4 #aajg4 hoppe1 dance4 ',i always dance in the rear4' #aajh4 to-laugh 7,h#b1 to lagh1 ,cm4 to law71 laughed exceedingly4 ,i know of no other example4 ,a better form is to-lough2 see l4 #aafc1 and ,pard4 ,ta4 ,c #dgf4 #aaai4 spek-e1 might speak1 should say2 pt4 t4 subjunctive4 #aabc4 sent1 i4 e4 sendeth1 sends2 the pt4 t4 is sent-e or send-e4 #aagg-h4 ,avysed1 she took notice2 pt4 tense4 ,so also fond1 found1 which ,bell takes to be a pp42 but the pp4 is founden4 ,coude good1 knew what was becoming4 ,so1 in l4 #aaig1 ,can he means 'has he skill4' #abja1 #abjd4 sowe1 to sew the pieces of parchment together4 ,tyrwhitt remarks1 s4 v4 sowe2 ',it was usual1 and indeed necessary1 formerly to sew letters1 when they were written upon parchment2 but the practice continued long after the invention of paper4' plyte1 to fold it up4 #abbi4 ',a cushion1 beaten with gold2' cf4 ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #igi4 #abch4 ,a proverb3 'slight impressions soon fade4' #abdi4 ,tyrwhitt1 s4 v4 somme1 boggles over this line1 but it is quite right4 ,bell takes occasion to speak of the 'rugged lines' to be found in this poem2 which is true enough of his own peculiar text4 ,in ,beowulf1 l4 #bjg1 we have fiftena sum1 one of fifteen1 where the cardinal number is used2 and this is the usual idiom4 ,but the ordinal number is used also4 ,in ,st4 ,juliana1 p4 #gi1 we read that 'te sea sencte him on his thrituthe sum1' the sea drowned him and 'thirtieth some' of his men1 which ,i understand to mean 'and twenty-nine of his men1' the master being the thirtieth2 but ,mr4 ,cockayne and ,mr4 ,bradley make it mean 'him and thirty others4' ,so again1 in ,sir ,tristrem1 #hag1 we have3 ',he busked and made him yare his fiftend som of knight1' he made ready for himself his 'fifteenth some' of knights1 which ,i should explain to mean a band of fifteen knights1 himself included1 or1 himself being the fifteenth4 ,some in such phrases has a collective force4 ,however1 the examples in ,bosworth and ,toller's ,a4 ,s4 ,dict41 s4 v4 sum1 shew that this mode of expression is also sometimes used exclusively of the leader4 #abgd4 on to pyke1 for her to pick upon1 or pick at2 i4 e4 for her to pull out2 see l4 #abgc4 ,see examples in ,halliwell1 s4 v4 pike1 of 'to pyke out thornes1' to pick out thorns4 #abgf4 ,cf4 'to strike while the iron is hot2' see ,melibeus1 ,b #bbbf4 #abhi4 ',but therein he had much to heave at and to do4' #abia4 ',and why8 for fear of shame4' ,cm4 has for speche1 i4 e4 for fear of talk or scandal4 #acae4 accesse1 attack1 as of fever4 ,see ,new ,e4 ,dict4 #acdc4 refreyde1 grow cool2 cf4 ,balade to ,rosemounde1 l4 #ba4 #acdi4 after his gestes1 according to his deeds1 or adventures4 #acij4 forbyse1 to give 7thee7 instances4 ,hardly a correct form2 it should rather be forbysne1 short for forbysnen1 as the verb is formed from the sb4 forbysne1 ,a4 ,s4 forebysen1 an example1 instance4 ,the word was obsolescent4 #acih4 ,deiphebus 7 ,d'ph7ebs7 is always trisyllabic4 #adaj4 ,he means that he would do more for him than for any one1 'except for him whom he loves most1' i4 e4 ,troilus4 #adbg4 ',with spur and whip1' i4 e4 with all expedition4 #adie4 word and ende1 beginning and end2 cf4 iii4 #gjb1 v4 #affi4 ,the right phrase is ord and ende1 where ord is 'beginning2' but it would seem that1 by ,chaucer's time1 word had been corruptly substituted for the obsolescent ord4 ,see ,monk4 ,ta4 ,b #ciaa1 and the note4 #aecd4 triste1 station for a huntsman to shoot from4 ,see ,tristre in ,stratmann4 #aeed4 renne1 to run1 like an excited madman4 #aefd4 ',bon fait prolixite for2' ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #ahdih4 #aeha4 ',although it does not please her to recommend 7a remedy74' #aeid4 ,to mowen1 to have it in her power2 ,a4 ,s4 mugan4 #afej4 for my bettre arm1 not even to save my right arm4 #affa4 him thar nought1 'him needeth not1' he need not do4 #agce4 ,an obscure allusion4 ',perhaps it means1 in regard for the king and queen1 his parents2' ,bell4 ,my own guess is different4 ,i think it quite possible that ,chaucer is referring to the two 'crowns' or garlands1 one of roses and one of lilies1 about which so much is said in his early work entitled the ,lyf of ,seint ,cecile1 afterwards called the ,second ,nonnes ,tale 7see ,g #bgj74 ,thus ,pandarus1 with his usual impudence1 conjures ,criseyde to pity ,troilus by two solemn adjurations1 viz4 for the sake of ,him who gave us all our souls1 and by the virtue of the two heavenly crowns which an angel once brought to a chaste couple4 ,he thus boldly insinuates that the proposed meeting is of the most innocent character4 ,this ,i take to be the whole point of the allusion4 #agcg4 ',fie on the devil6' ,i4 e4 despise detraction4 #agch4 com of1 come off2 we now say 'come on6' ,see ll4 #agdb1 #agej4 #agea4 ',but now 7,i appeal7 to you4' #ageb4 cankedort1 a state of suspense1 uncertainty1 or anxiety2 as appears from the context4 ,the word occurs nowhere else4 ,only one ,,ms4 7,h#b7 has the spelling kankerdort1 usually adopted in modern editions2 ,thynne has cankedorte1 but it needs no final e4 ,the etymology is unknown nor do we even know how to divide it4 ,there is a verb kanka1 to shake1 be unsteady1 c41 in ,swedish dialects 7,rietz71 and the ,swed4 ort is a place1 quarter2 if there is any relationship1 kanked-ort might mean 'shaky place1' or ticklish position4 ,another theory is that canker relates to canker1 a cancer1 disease1 and that dort is related to ,lowl4 ,sc4 dort1 sulkiness4 ,but this is assuming that the right spelling is canker-dort1 a theory which the ,,mss4 do not favour4 ,neither does the sense of 'ill-humour' seem very suitable4 ,as ,i am bound1 in this difficult case1 to suggest what ,i can1 ,i must add that it is also possible to suppose that cankedort is of ,french origin1 answering to an ,o4 ,f4 quant que dort1 lit4 'whenever he is asleep 7871' or 'although he is asleep7872' and hence 7conceivably7 meaning 'in a sleepy state4' ,the phrase quant que1 also spelt kan ke 7and in many other ways7 is illustrated by a column of examples in ,godefroy's ,dictionary2 but its usual sense is 'as well as1' or 'whatever'2 thus kan ke poet as well as he can4 ,or can we make it com ki dort1 like one who sleeps8 ,,book ,,iii4 ,the following scheme gives a general idea of the relationship of this ,book to the original4 ,,chaucer3 ,,book ,,iii4 ,,filostrato3 ,,book ,,iii4 ll4 #a-ch4 st4 #gd-gi4 #bci-bhg4 #e-aj4 #cdd-dda4 #aa-bj4 #hac-hcc4 ,boethius1 ,,ii4 ,pr4 #d4 #hf-abj4 #acaj-adbf4 #ca-dc4 #addc-adea4 #dd4 #adga-adib4 #dd-dh4 #aeac-aeee4 #ej-ef4 #aehh-afbd4 #ef-fj4 #afbe-afbi4 ,boethius1 ,,ii4 ,pr4 #d4 #d-aj4 #afci-afhj4 #fa-fe4 #afie-agdc4 #gj-gc4 #agdd-agfh4 ,boethius1 ,,ii4 ,met4 #h4 #aggb-ahjf4 #ij-ic4 #ahjg-ahac4 ,bk4 ,i1 st4 #c4 #a4 #a-ch4 ,this is an exceptionally difficult passage1 and some of the editions make great nonsense of it1 especially of ll4 #ae-ba4 ,it is1 however1 imitated from stanzas #gd-gi of the ,filostrato1 ,book ,,iii2 where the invocation is put into the mouth of ,troilus4 ,the key to it is that it is an address to ,venus1 both the planet and the goddess4 #b4 ,the planet ,venus was considered to be in 'the third heaven4' ,the 'heavens' or spheres were named1 respectively1 after the ,moon1 ,mercury1 ,venus1 ,sun1 ,mars1 ,jupiter1 ,saturn1 and the 'fixed stars2' beyond which was the ,primum ,mobile1 the earth being in the centre of all1 and immoveable4 ,sometimes the spheres of the seven planets were reckoned backwards from ,saturn1 ,venus being then in the fifth heaven2 see ,lenvoy a ,scogan1 #i1 and the note4 #c4 ',o favourite of the ,sun1 ,o dear daughter of ,jove6' ,venus was considered a fortunate planet4 ,perhaps it is best to quote the ,italian text here3-- ',o luce eterna1 il cui lieto splendore #ehe ,fa bello il terzo ciel1 dal qual ne piove ,piacer1 vaghezza1 pietade ed amore2 ,del sole amica1 e figliuola di ,giove1 ,benigna donna d'ogni gentil core1 ,certa cagion del valor che mi muove #eij ,a' sospir dolci della mia salute1 ,sempre lodata sia la tua virtute4 ,il ciel1 la terra1 lo mare e l'inferno ,ciascuno in s la tua potenzia sente1 ,o chiara luce2 e s'io il ver discerno1 #eie ,le piante1 i semi1 e l'erbe puramente1 ,gli uccei1 le fiere1 i pesci con eterno ,vapor ti senton nel tempo piacente1 ,e gli uomini e gli dei1 n creatura ,senza di te nel mondo vale o dura4 #fjj ,tu ,giove prima agli alti affetti lieto1 ,pe' qua' vivono e son tutte le cose1 ,movesti1 o bella dea2 e mansueto ,sovente il rendi all' opere noiose ,di noi mortali2 e il meritato fleto #fje ,in liete feste volgi e dilettose2 ,e in mille forme gi quaggi il mandasti1 ,quand' ora d'una ed or d'altra il pregasti4 #aa4 vapour1 influence2 ,ital4 ,vapor 7l4 #eih74 #ae4 ,the readings in this stanza are settled by the ,ital4 text4 ,thus1 in ll4 #ag1 #ai1 #bj1 read him1 not hem4 ,comeveden1 didst move or instigate2 agreeing with ye1 for which ,mod4 ,e4 uses thou4 ',thou didst first instigate ,jove to those glad effects 7influences71 through which all things live and exist2 and didst make him amorous of mortal things2 and1 at thy pleasure1 didst ever give him1 in love1 success or trouble2 and1 in a thousand forms1 didst send him down to 7gain7 love on earth2 and he caught those whom it pleased you 7he should catch74' ,in l4 #ag we find ,comeveden sometimes turned into ,comenden1 or even ,commodious6 ,the ,italian text has ,movesti 7l4 #fjc74 #bb4 ,venus was supposed to appease the angry planet ,mars2 see ,compl4 of ,mars1 #cf-db4 #bg4 ',according as a man wishes4' #bi4 ',tu in unit le case e li cittadi1 ,li regni1 444 ,tien4' #ca-cd4 ',tu sola le nascosi qualitadi ,delle cose conosci1 onde 'l costrutto ,vi metti tal1 che fai maravigliare ,chi tua potenza non sa riguardare4' ,i4 e4 ',thou only knowest the hidden qualities of things1 whence thou formest such a construction1 that thou makest to marvel any one who knows not how to estimate thy power4' ,chaucer seems to have used construe because suggested by costrutto1 but he really uses it as answering to sa 7in the fourth line71 and omits the words 'l costrutto vi metti tal altogether4 ,hence ll4 #cc-ce mean3 'when they cannot explain how it may come to pass that she loves him1 or why he loves her2 7so as to shew7 why this fish1 and not that one1 comes to the weir4' ,io 7 jo71 come to pass4 ,this word is not in the dictionaries1 and has been coolly altered into go 767 in various editions4 ,but it answers to ,o4 ,f4 joer 7,f4 jouer71 to play1 hence1 to play a game1 to make a move 7as in a game72 here1 to come about1 come to pass4 #ce4 were1 weir1 pool where fish are caught2 see ,parl4 ,foules1 #ach1 and note4 #cf4 ',you have imposed a law on folks in this universe2' ,ital4 ',tu legge1 o dea1 poni all' universo4' #dd1 #de4 ,inhelde1 pour in4 ,caliope1 ,calliope1 muse of epic poetry2 similarly invoked by ,dante1 ,purg4 i4 #i4 #hg4 ',though he was not pert1 nor made difficulties2 nor was he too bold1 7as if about7 to sing a mass for a fool4' ,the last expression was probably proverbial2 it seems to mean to speak without hesitation or a feeling of respect4 #aae4 to watre wolde1 would turn to water2 cf4 ,squi4 ,ta4 ,f #dif4 #abj4 ',i8 what8' i4 e4 ',i8 what 7am ,i to do78' ,in l4 #abb1 ,pandarus repeats her words1 mockingly3 ',you say ,i8 what8 why1 of course you should pity him4' #acf-ach4 ',and ,i 7am7 to have comfort1 as it pleases you1 7being at the same time7 under your correction1 7so as to have what is7 equal to my offence1 as 7for instance7 death4' ,see ,cant4 ,ta4 ,b #abhg4 #aej4 ',by the feast of ,jupiter1 who presides over nativities4' ,the reason for the use of natal is not obvious4 ,cf4 ',scit ,genius1 natale comes qui temperat astrum2' ,horat4 ,ep4 ii4 #b4 #ahg4 #ahh4 ',i seem to hear the town-bells ringing for this miracle1 though no hand pulls the ropes4' #aic1 #aid4 and oon1 ,and two1 'both the one of you and the other4' #aih4 bere the belle1 take the former place1 take precedence2 like the bell-wether that heads the flock4 ,see the ,new ,e4 ,dict4 #bbh4 ',straight as a line1' i4 e4 directly1 at once4 #bid4 ,see ,manc4 ,ta4 ,h #ccc1 and note4 #bii4 ',thou understandest and knowest enough proverbs against the vice of gossiping1 even if men spoke truth as often as they lie4' #cjh4 ',no boaster is to be believed1 in the natural course of things4' #cbh1 #cbi4 drat1 dreadeth4 ,cf4 ',felix1 quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum4' ,but ,chaucer took it from ,le ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #hjda-b3 ',moult a benure vie ,cil qui par autrui se chastie4' #cdj4 ',and a day is appointed for making up the charters' 7which will particularise what she has granted you72 metaphorical4 #cdi4 richesse1 abundance2 not a happy word1 but suggested by the ,ital4 text3 ',i sospir ch'egli aveva a gran dovizia2' ,fil4 iii4 #aa4 ,dovizia 7,lat4 diuitiae7 is precisely 'richesse4' ,bell has rehetyng1 i4 e4 comforting 7from ,o4 ,f4 rehaiter1 reheiter71 which gives no sense2 and explains it by 'reheating6' #ced4 lusty1 lusty person2 cf4 ,cant4 ,ta4 ,a #afe1 #bjh4 #cgg4 ',or durst 7do so71 or should know 7how74' #chj4 stokked1 fastened in the stocks2 cf4 ,acts xvi4 #bd4 #djd4 ,departe it so1 make this distinction4 #daj4 frape1 company1 troop4 ,marked by ,tyrwhitt as not understood4 ,other examples occur4 ',with hem a god gret frape2' ,adam ,davy1 c41 ed4 ,furnivall1 p4 #fj1 col4 #a1 text #c1 l4 #cij2 and see ,allit4 ,morte ,arthure1 ed4 ,brock1 #bafc1 #bhjd1 #cedh4 ,godefroy gives ,o4 ,f4 frap1 a multitude1 and frapaille1 rabble4 #dde4 ',and wished to be seised of that which he lacked4' #dig4 ',or to enumerate all the looks and words of one that is in such uncertainty4' #ejb4 as seith2 but it does not appear that ,boccaccio says anything of the kind4 ,the same remark applies to l4 #ege4 #eaj4 ,fulfelle is a ,kentish form1 the e answering to ,a4 ,s4 y4 ,similar forms occur in ,gower4 ,see note to ,book ,duch4 #dch4 #ebf4 ,scan3 ,drd eles it cleer1' c4 ,the sense is3 'it was clear1 in the direction of the wind1 from every magpie and every spoil-sport4' ,i4 e4 no one could detect them2 they kept 7like hunters7 well to leeward1 and there were no magpies or telltale birds to windward1 to give an alarm4 #ebi4 ,scan3 ,in this matr-e1 both-e frem'd4 fremed1 strange1 wild4 #edb4 holy1 i4 e4 sacred to ,apollo4 ,from ,ovid1 ,met4 i4 #eff3 'laurea 44 uisa est agitasse cacumen4' #ede4 ',and therefore let no one hinder him4' #egb4 ,the readings all shew various corruptions of thurfte1 which none of the scribes understood2 see thurfen1 tharf1 in ,stratmann4 ,this is not the only place where thurfte has been ousted from the text4 ,cf4 thar 7for tharf7 in the ,reves ,ta4 ,a #dcbj1 c4 ,yow thurfte have1 you would need 7to7 have4 ,yow is the dat4 case1 governed by the impers4 verb4 ,the reading yow durste turns yow 7an accusative7 into an imaginary nominative2 but the nom4 form is ye1 which the scribes did not venture to substitute4 #ehd4 goosish1 goose-like1 silly4 ,this delicious epithet was turned into gofysshe by ,thynne1 and modern editions perpetuate the blunder4 ,tyrwhitt derived gofish from ,f4 goffe1 a word which is much later than ,chaucer1 and was probably merely adapted from ,ital4 goffo1 stupid4 ,the ,century ,dict4 goes a step further1 inserting a second f1 and producing a form goffish1 against all authority4 ,cf4 ,parl4 ,foules1 #efh1 #ehf4 #fja4 stewe1 small chamber1 closet2 cf4 ,g4 ,stube4 #fjb4 ',where he was shut in1 as in a coop4' #fji4 ',there was no dainty to be fetched'2 they were all there4 #fad4 ,wade2 this is the hero mentioned in the ,merch4 ,tale1 ,e #adbd2 see note4 #fag-fbj4 ,cf4 ,boethius1 ,bk4 iv4 ,pr4 #f4 #fj-fh4 #fbb4 ',without her leave1 at the will of the gods4' #fbd4 bente1 i4 e4 curved1 crescent2 see l4 #edi4 ,cf4 ,boeth4 ,bk4 ,i4 ,met4 #e4 #f1 #g4 #fbe4 ,the ,moon1 ,saturn1 and ,jupiter were all in conjunction in ,cancer1 which was the mansion of the moon4 ,we are to understand that this caused the great rain4 #fdj4 ron1 rained2 so also in l4 #fgg4 ,the usual pt4 t4 is reinede1 but we also find roon1 ron1 as in ,p4 ,plowm4 ,b4 xiv4 #ff 7,c4 xvi4 #bgj71 and in ,trevisa1 tr4 of ,higden1 ii4 #bci4 ,the pt4 t4 of ,a4 ,s4 rignan1 rinan1 is usually rinde2 but the strong pt4 ran occurs in the ,blickling ,glosses4 #fdh4 a game1 in game2 a an1 on2 ,cm4 has on4 #fga4 ,the wyn anon1 the wine 7shall come7 at once2 alluding to the wine drunk just before going to bed4 ,see ,prol4 ,a #hai1 #hbj4 #fgd4 ',the void being drunk1 and the cross-curtain drawn immediately afterwards4' ,the best reading is voyde or voydee4 ,this seems to be here used as a name for the 'loving-cup' or 'grace-cup1' which was drunk after the table had been cleared or voided4 ,properly1 it was a slight dessert of 'spices' and wine2 where spices meant sweetmeats1 dried fruits1 c4 ,see ,notes and ,queries1 #b ,s4 xi4 #ejh4 ,the traverse was a screen or curtain drawn across the room2 cf4 ,cant4 ,ta4 ,e #ahag2 ,king's ,quair1 st4 #ij4 ,see ,additional ,note1 p4 #ejf4 #fij4 ,this refers to the attendants4 ,they were no longer allowed to skip about 7run on errands7 or to tramp about noisily1 but were packed off to bed1 with a malediction on those who stirred about4 ,traunceth1 tramps about1 is used of a bull by ,gower1 ,c4 ,a4 ii4 #gb4 ,in ,beaumont and ,fletcher1 ,fair ,maid of the ,inn1 v4 #b1 we find--'but1 traunce the world over1 you shall never1' c4 ,for traunce1 ,thynne reads praunce1 which has a similar sense4 ,morris explains traunce here as a sb41 which seems impossible4 #fie4 ,the olde daunce1 the old game2 see ,prol4 ,a #dgf4 #fif4 sey1 saw2 perhaps read seye1 subj41 might perceive4 ,if so1 read al1 i4 e4 every4 #gjb4 ',beginning and end2' see note to bk4 ,,ii4 #adie4 #gaa4 ,i4 e4 or else upset everything2 cf4 the phrase1 'all the fat is in the fire4' #gaf4 ,mars and ,saturn both had an evil influence4 #gag4 combust1 quenched1 viz4 by being too near the sun2 see ,astrolabe1 pt4 ii4 #d4 ,venus and ,mercury1 when thus 'combust1' lost their influence4 let1 hindered4 #gba4 ,adoon1 ,adonis2 see ,ovid1 ,met4 x4 #gae4 #gbb4 ,europe1 ,europa2 see ,leg4 of ,good ,women1 #aac1 and note4 #gbe4 ,cipris1 ,venus2 see ,ho4 ,fame1 #eah4 #gbf4 ,dane1 ,daphne2 see ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #bjfb4 #gbi4 ,mercrie1 ,mercury2 ,herse1 daughter of ,cecrops1 beloved by ,mercury4 ,her sister1 ,aglauros1 had displeased ,minerva 7,pallas72 whereupon ,minerva made ,aglauros envious of ,herse4 ,mercury turned ,aglauros into stone because she hindered his suit4 ,see ,ovid1 ,met4 ii4 #gjh-hcb4 #gcc4 ',fatal sisters2' i4e4 the ,fates1 ,clotho1 ,lachesis1 and ,atropos4 ',which spun my destiny1 before any cloth 7infant's covering7 was made for me4' ,see ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #aeff2 ,leg4 ,g4 ,wom4 #bfbi4 #gfd4 ,let sleeping dogs lie2 a proverb4 #ggc4 ',to hold in hand' is to feed with false hopes1 to delude by pretended love4 #gge4 ,lit4 'and make him a hood above a cap4' ,a calle 7caul7 was a close-fitting cap1 a skull-cap4 ,to put on a hood over this evidently means to cover up the eyes1 to cajole1 to hoodwink4 #gia1 #gig4 shal1 owe to4 sholde love1 i4e4 are reported to love4 #hac-hcf4 ,founded on ,boethius1 lib4 ,,ii4 ,pr4 #d4 ',qum multis amaritudinibus humanae felicitatis dulcedo respersa est6444 ,anxia enim res est humanorum conditio bonorum1 et quae uel numquam tota proueniat1 uel numquam perpetua subsistat4444 ,ad haec1 quem caduca ista felicitas uehit1 uel scit eam1 uel nescit esse mutabilem4 ,si nescit1 quaenam beata sors esse potest ignorantiae caecitate8 ,si scit1 metuat necesse est1 ne amittat1 quod amitti potest non dubitat2 quare continuus timor non sinit esse felicem4444 quonam modo praesens uita facere beatos potest8' ,see the ,e4 version1 ll4 #hf1 #ef1 #aji4 #hci4 ',why hast thou made ,troilus distrust me8' #hec1 #hed4 ',danger is drawn nearer by delay4' ,we say1 ',delays are dangerous4' ,cf4 ,havelok1 l4 #aceb4 abodes1 abidings1 tarryings4 #hee4 ,nc'1 with elided e1 forms the first foot4 ',every thing has its time2' cf4 ,eccl4 iii4 #a4 #hfa4 farewel feldefare1 7and people will say7 farewell1 fieldfare6 ,cf4 ,rom4 ,rose1 #eeaj4 ,in the ,rom4 ,rose1 it refers to false friends1 who1 when fortune frowns1 say ',go6 farewell fieldfare1' i4e4 ,begone1 we have done with you4 ,as fieldfares come here in the winter months1 people are glad to see them go1 as a sign of approaching summer4 ,in the present case1 the sense appears to be that1 when an opportunity is missed1 the harm is done2 and people will cry1 'farewell1 fieldfare6' by way of derision4 ,we might paraphrase the line by saying3 'the harm is done1 and nobody cares4' #hhe4 blewe1 blue2 the colour of constancy4 #hij4 ',hazle-bushes shake4' ,this is a truism known to every one1 and no news at all2 in like manner1 your ring will tell him nothing1 and is useless4 #ija4 feffe him1 enfeoff him1 bestow on him4 whyte1 fair4 #iai4 at pryme face1 at the first glance2 prim facie4 #ica4 ,at dulcarnon1 at a non-plus1 in extreme perplexity4 ,dulcarnon1 as pointed out by ,selden1 in his ,pref4 to ,drayton's ,polyolbion1 represents the ,pers4 and ,arab4 du'lkarnayn1 lit4 two-horned2 from ,pers4 du1 two1 and karn1 horn4 ,it was a common medieval epithet of ,alexander the ,great1 who was so called because he claimed descent from ,jupiter ,ammon1 whose image was provided with horns like a ram4 ,speght rightly says that ,dulcarnon was also a name for the #dgth prop4 of ,euclid1 ,book ,i1 but gives a false reason and etymology4 ,the real reason is plain enough1 viz4 that the two smaller squares in the diagram stick up like two horns4 ,and1 as this proposition is somewhat difficult for beginners1 it here takes the sense of 'puzzle2' hence ,criseyde was at ,dulcarnon1 because she was in perplexity4 ,speght refers to ,alex4 ,neckam1 ,de ,naturis ,rerum2 see ,wright's edition1 p4 #bie4 ,but this is not all4 ,in l4 #icc1 ,pandarus explains that ,dulcarnon is called 'fleming of wrecches4' ,there is a slight error here3 'fleming of wrecches1' i4e4 banishment of the miserable1 is a translation of ,fuga miserorum1 which is written opposite this line in ,,ms4 ,harl4 #abci2 and further1 ,fuga miserorum is a sort of ,latin translation of ,elefuga or ,eleufuga1 from ,greek3 eleos pity1 and ,greek3 phyg1 flight4 ,the error lies in confusing ,dulcarnon1 the #dgth proposition1 with ,eleufuga1 a name for the #eth proposition2 a confusion due to the fact that both propositions were considered difficult4 ,roger ,bacon1 ,opus ,tertium1 cap4 #f1 says3 ',quinta propositio geometricae ,euclidis dicitur ,elefuga1 id est1 fuga miserorum4' ,ducange1 s4 v4 ,eleufuga1 quotes from ,alanus1 ,anticlaudiani lib4 iii4 cap4 #f--';,huius tirones curantis read cur artis ,eleufuga terret1' c4 ,the word also occurs in ,richard of ,bury's ,philobiblon1 cap4 xiii1 somewhat oddly translated by ,j4,b4 ,inglis in #ahcb4 ',how many scholars has the ,helleflight of ,euclid repelled6' ,this explanation1 partly due to the ,rev4 ,w4,g4 ,clark 7joint-editor of the ,globe ,shakespeare71 was first given in the ,athenum1 ,sept4 #bc1 #ahga1 p4 #cic1 in an article written by myself4 #icd4 ,it1 i4e4 ,dulcarnon1 or ,euclid's proposition4 ',it seems hard1 because the wretched pupils will not learn it1 owing to their very sloth or other wilful defects4' #icf4 ,this this is2 as elsewhere4 fecches1 vetches4 #idg4 ,understand be2 'where 7,i hope7 good thrift may be4' ,cf4 #iff4 #igh4 fere1 fire2 as in ,bk4 i4 #bbi4 ,usually fyre4 #igi4 fond his contenaunce1 lit4 found his demeanour1 i4e4 composed himself as if to read4 #ajaj4 wivere1 viper2 ,o4 ,f4 wivre 7,f4 givre71 from ,lat4 uipera4 ,the heraldic wiver or wyvern became a wondrous winged dragon1 with two legs2 wholly unlike the original viper4 ,see ,thynne's ,animadversions1 c41 ed4 ,furnivall1 p4 #da4 #ajac4 ',alas6 that he1 either entirely1 or a slice of him4' #ajba4 ',that sufferest undeserved jealousy 7to exist74' #ajbi4 after that1 accordingly2 his1 its4 #ajce4 ,see note to ,bk4 ii4 #ghd4 #ajdf4 ordal1 ordeal1 trial by ordeal1 i4e4 by fire or water4 ,see ,thynne's ,animadversions1 ed4 ,furnivall1 p4 #ff4 #ajef4 wreigh1 covered2 ,a4 ,s4 wrah2 see wrihen in ,stratmann4 #ajfd4 shoures1 assaults4 ,bell actually substitutes stouris1 as being 'clearly the true reading4' ,but editors have no right to reject real words which they fail to understand4 ,shour sometimes means a shower of arrows or darts1 an assault1 c42 cf4 ,a4,s4 hildescur1 a flight of missiles4 ,in fact1 it recurs in this sense in ,bk4 iv4 #dg1 where ,bell again turns it into stoure1 against authority4 #ajfg4 ',for it seemed to him not like 7mere7 strokes with a rod 444 but he felt the very cramp of death4' #aajf4 al forgeve1 all is forgiven4 stint1 stopped4 #aaed4 bar him on honde1 assured him4 #aagg4 ',for a crime1 there is mercy 7to be had74' #aaid4 sucre be or soot1 may be like sugar or like soot1 i4e4 pleasant or the reverse4 ,we must read soot 7not sote1 sweet1 as in ,bell7 because it rimes with moot4 ,moreover1 soot was once proverbially bitter4 ',bittrore then the sote' occurs in ,altenglische ,dichtungen1 ed4 ,boddeker1 p4 #aba2 and in ,rutebuef's ,vie ,sainte ,marie l',egiptianne1 ed4 ,jubinal1 #bhj1 we find 'plus amer que suie2' cf4 ,rom4 ,rose1 #ajfgj3 'amer ,plus que n'est suie4' #abae4 ,cf4 ',bitter pills may have sweet effects2' ,hazlitt's ,proverbs4 #abca4 ,bitrent1 for bitrendeth1 winds round2 cf4 iv4 #hgj4 wryth1 for wrytheth1 writhes4 #abce4 ',when she hears any shepherd speak4' #abdi4 ',and often invoked good luck upon her snowy throat4' #abeg4 welwilly1 full of good will1 propitious4 #abeh4 ,imeneus1 ,hymenus1 ,hymen2 cf4 ,ovid1 ,her4 xiv4 #bg4 #abfa-d4 ,imitated from ,dante1 ,parad4 xxxiii4 #ad3-- ',che qual vuol grazie1 e a te non ricorre1 ,sua disianza vuol volar senz' ali4 ,la tua benignit non pur soccorre1' c4 #abhb4 ',mercy prevails over 7lit4 surpasses7 justice4' #acdd4 ',or else do ,i dream it8' #aceg4 sooth1 for sooth is1 i4e4 it is true4 #acfi4 ,bell takes scripture to mean the mottos or posies on the rings4 ,perhaps this is right4 #acgd4 holt1 holds2 'that holds it in despite4' #acge4 ',of the money1 that he can heap up and lay hold of4' ,for mokren1 cf4 ,chaucer's ,boethius1 ,bk4 ii4 ,pr4 #e4 #aa4 ,pens1 pence1 is a translation of ,ital4 denari1 money1 in the ,filostrato1 ,book iii4 st4 #ch4 #achd4 the whyte1 silver coins2 the rede1 gold coins4 #achi4 ,myda1 ,midas2 see ,wyf of ,bathes ,tale1 ,d #iea4 #acia4 ,crassus2 wantonly altered to ,cresus in ,bell's edition1 on the ground that the story is told of ,croesus4 ,but ,chaucer knew better4 ,m4 ,crassus1 surnamed ,dives 7the ,rich71 was slain in battle against the ,parthians1 ,b4 ,c4 #ec4 ,orodes1 king of ,parthia1 caused molten gold to be poured into the mouth of his dead enemy1 saying1 ',sate thyself now with that metal of which1 in life1 thou wast so greedy2' ,cicero1 ,att4 vi4 #a4 #ad2 ,florus1 iii4 #aa4 #d4 #adjg4 ',and to counterbalance with joy their former woe'4 #adae4 ,the cock is called a common astrologer 7i4 e4 astronomer71 because he announces to all the time of day2 cf4 ,non4 ,pr4 ,ta4 ,b #djdc2 ,parl4 ,foules1 #cej4 ,translated from 'vulgaris astrologus2' ,alanus4 #adag1 #i4 ,lucifer1 the morning-star1 the planet ,venus4 ,fortuna maior1 the planet ,jupiter4 ,mars and ,saturn were supposed to have an evil influence2 the ,sun1 ,mercury1 and ,moon1 had no great influence either way2 whilst ,jupiter and ,venus had a good influence1 and were therefore called1 respectively1 ,fortuna maior and ,fortuna minor4 ,see ,g4 ,douglas1 ed4 ,small1 ii4 #bhh4 ,the ,,mss4 have that anoon1 7it happened7 that anon2 but this requires us to suppose so awkward an ellipsis that it is better to read than1 answering to whan4 #adbh4 ,almena1 ,alcmena2 a note in ,,ms4 ,h4 has3 ',almena mater ,herculis4' ,alcmena was the mother of ,hercules by ,jupiter4 ,jupiter lengthened the night beyond its usual limit4 ,plautus has a play on the subject1 called ,amphitruo1 as ,jupiter personated ,amphitryon4 #adcg-i4 ther1 wherefore2 'wherefore 7,i pray that7 ,god1 creator of nature1 may bind thee so fast to our hemisphere1' c4 ,a similar construction occurs in l4 #adef4 #adec4 bore1 aperture1 chink2 'for every chink lets in one of thy bright rays4' ,see ,new ,e4 ,dict4 #adfb4 ,engravers of small seals require a good light4 #adfd4 ,tytan1 ,titan1 frequently used as synonymous with the sun2 as in ,ovid1 ,met4 i4 #aj4 ,chaucer has confused him with ,tithonus1 the husband of ,aurora1 whom he denotes by dawing in l4 #adff1 and by morwe in l4 #adfi4 ',iamque1 fugatura ,tithoni coniuge noctem1 ,praeuius ,aurorae ,lucifer ortus erat4' ,ovid1 ,heroid4 xviii4 #aaa4 #adij4 ,read wer-e1 in two syllables4 these worldes tweyne seems to mean 'two worlds such as this4' #adie4 ,this somewhat resembles ,verg4 ,ecl4 i4 #fj-d4 #aejb4 ',even if ,i had to die by torture2' as in ,bk4 i4 #fgd4 #aead4 mo1 others2 see note to ,cler4 ,ta4 ,e #ajci4 #aedf4 ',desire burnt him afresh1 and pleasure began to arise more than at first4' ,cf4 the parallel line in ,leg4 ,good ,wom4 #aaef3 ',of which ther gan to breden swich a fyr4' ,yet ,bell rejects this reading as being 'not at all in ,chaucer's manner1' and prefers nonsense4 #aegg4 ',christ forgave those who crucified him4' #afjj4 ,cf4 neid4 vi4 #eej3-- ',quae rapidus flammis ambit torrentibus amnis ,tartareus ,phlegethon4' #afbe4 ,from ,boethius1 lib4 ii4 ,pr4 #d3 ',sed hoc est1 quod recolentem uehementius coquit4 ,nam in omni aduersitate fortunae infelicissimum genus est infortunii1 fuisse felicem4' ,cf4 ,dante1 ,inf4 v4 #aba2 ,tennyson1 ,locksley ,hall--',that a sorrow's crown of sorrow is remembering happier things4' #afcd4 ,cf4 ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #hcja-d2 from ,ovid1 ,art4 ,amat4 ii4 #ac4 #afdb4 ,ne ,i1 read ,n',i4 rakle1 behave rashly2 it is plainly a verb1 formed from the adj4 rakel4 ,morris inserts ben after rakel1 to the ruin of the scansion4 ,cf4 ,norweg4 rakla1 to ramble1 totter1 be unsteady 7,aasen72 ,swed4 dial4 rakkla1 to rove 7,rietz72 ,icel4 reka1 to drive4 #afdi4 ,i shal1 ,i owe2 ,a4 ,s4 ic sceal4 #afhg4 comprende1 comprehend2 ,f4 comprendre4 ,this is clearly the right form4 ,in the ,sq4 ,ta4 ,f #bbc1 though the ,,mss4 have comprehende1 it is obvious that comprende is the real reading4 #agjc4 ,pirous1 i4 e4 ,pyroeis1 one of the four horses that drew the chariot of the sun4 ,the other three were ,eus1 thon1 and ,phlegon2 see ,ovid1 ,met4 ii4 #aec4 #agje4 ',have taken some short cut1 to spite me4' #agcb4 ',to the extent of a single knot4' ,it would not be necessary to explain this1 if it were not for ,bell's explanation of knot as 'gnat4' #agcd4 y-masked1 enmeshed2 cf4 ,a4 ,s4 masc1 a mesh4 #agdd-fh4 ,paraphrased from ,boethius1 lib4 ii4 ,met4 #h2 but note that the lines italicised are transposed1 and represent ll4 #agdd-agej3 ',qud mundus stabili fide ,concordes uariat uices1 ,qud pugnantia semina ,foedus perpetuum tenent1 ,qud ,phoebus roseum diem ,curru prouehit aureo1 ,ut quas duxerit ,hesperus ,phoebe noctibus imperet1 ,ut fluctus auidum mare ,certo fine corceat1 ,ne terris liceat uagis ,latos tendere terminos4 ,hanc rerum seriem ligat1 ,terras ac pelagus regens1 ,et caelo imperitans ,amor4 ,hic si fraena remiserit1 ,quidquid nunc amat inuicem1 ,bellum continu geret3 ,et quam nunc socia fide ,pulcris motibus incitant1 ,certent soluere machinam4 ,hic sancto populos quoque ,iunctos foedere continet3 ,hic et coniugii sacrum ,castis nectit amoribus3 ,hic fidis etiam sua ,dictat iura sodalibus4 ,o felix hominum genus1 ,si uestros animos ,amor ,quo caelum regitur1 regat6' #agfd4 halt to-hepe1 holds together1 preserves in concord4 ,bell and ,morris have the corrupt reading to kepe4 ,to hepe1 to a heap1 became the adv4 to-hepe1 together4 ,it occurs again in ,ch4 ,astrolabe1 ,part ,i4 #ad1 and in ,boethius1 ,bk4 iv4 ,pr4 #f4 #ahb4 ,cf4 'gaderen tresor to-hepe1' ,polit4 ,songs1 ed4 ,wright1 p4 #cbe2 'han brought it to-hepe1' ,p4 ,ploughman's ,crede1 l4 #gbg4 #agff4 ',that ,love1 by means of his power1 would be pleased1' c4 #aggi4 ,in tyme of trewe1 in time of truce2 as in ,boccaccio1 ,fil4 iii4 st4 #ia4 ,bell wrongly has ,out of ,troy4 ,morris alters trewe to trewes2 but see ,bk4 iv4 l4 #acab4 #ahje4 ,these are four of the seven deadly sins2 see ,pers4 ,tale4 #ahjg4 lady1 i4 e4 ,venus1 called ,dionaea as being daughter of ,dione2 neid4 iii4 #ai4 ,cf4 ,homer1 ,il4 v4 #cgj4 #ahji4 ,the nine ,muses4 ,helicon was a long way from ,mount ,parnassus2 but see notes to ,anelida1 #ae1 and ,ho4 ,fame1 #eba4 #ahag4 ',as it pleases my author to relate4' ,,book ,,iv4 ,the following scheme gives some notion of the relationship of the contents of this book to the ,filostrato1 but ,chaucer constantly expands and adds to the original1 and not unfrequently transposes the order of the text4 ,,troilus3 ,,book ,,iv4 ,,filostrato4 #a-aj4 ,bk4 ,,iii4 st4 #id4 #bi-ce4 ,bk4 ,,iv4 st4 #a4 #dg-aaj4 #b-aj4 #abg-aff4 #ab-af4 #baa-bag4 #ag4 #bah-che4 #bb1 #bc1 #bf-df4 #cic-djf4 #dg1 #dh4 #dad-dea4 #di1 #ej4 #dei-dig4 #eb1 #ed1 #ef-eh4 #eja-ghg4 #fj-hi1 #ib1 #ic1 #hh-ia4 #gii-hba4 #ie1 #if4 #hdh-ibe1 #ici-idf4 #ih-aji 7l4 #a74 #ajhi-ajie1 #aajh-abfj4 #aji 7l4 #d7-abg4 #acaj-adjj4 #aca-acf4 #adbb-addf4 #acg-adj4 #adfd-aedb1 #aeee-afid4 #ada-afg4 #a4 ,in the ,proem1 ll4 #a-c correspond to ,fil4 iii4 st4 #id1 ll4 #a-c2 and ll4 #h and #aj to the same stanza1 ll4 #d and #g4 ,the rest is original4 #c4 ,cf4 ,boethius1 lib4 ii4 ,pr4 #a3 ',intelligo 444 illius ,fortunae 444 cum his1 quos eludere nititur1 blandissimam familiaritatem4' #e4 hent and blent1 for hendeth and blendeth1 catches and blinds4 #f1 #g4 ,cf4 ,boethius1 lib4 ii4 ,met4 #b3 ',ultroque gemitus1 dura quos fecit ,fortuna1 ridet4' ,whence1 in ,le ,roman de la ,rose1 #hjgf-i1 the passage which ,chaucer here imitates2 the mowe ,f4 la moe4 #bb4 ,herines i4 e4 ,furies2 used as the pl4 of ,erynis or ,erinnys2 see note to ,compl4 to ,pite1 #ib4 ,their names 7see l4 #bd7 were ,megaera1 ,alecto1 and ,tisiphone4 ,bell's remark1 that ,chaucer found these names in ,boccaccio1 does not seem to be founded on fact4 ,he more likely found them in ,vergil1 who has ,erinnys1 n4 ii4 #ccf1 #egc2 vii4 #ddg1 #egj2 ,alecto1 id4 vii4 #cbd1 #cda1 #dje1 #dae1 #dde1 #dgf2 ,megra1 id4 xii4 #hdf2 ,tisiphone1 vi4 #ega1 x4 #gfa4 ,but ,i suppose that1 even in ,chaucer's time1 ,,ms4 note-books existed1 containing such information as the names of the ,furies4 ,chaucer even knew that some 7as schylus7 considered them to be the daughters of ,night4 #be4 ,quiryne1 ,quirinus4 ,ovid1 ,fasti1 ii4 #dgf1 tells us that ,quirinus was ,romulus2 and just above1 ii4 #dai1 that ,romulus and ,remus were sons of ,mars4 #bi4 ,ligginge 444 ,the ,grekes1 while the ,greeks lay4 #cb4 ,hercules ,lyoun1 ,hercules' lion1 the lion of ,hercules2 alluding to the lion's skin which ,hercules wore4 ,valerius ,flaccus1 ,argonauticon1 lib4 i4 #bfc1 has ',herculeo 444 leoni2' and ,chaucer seems to have read this author1 or at any rate his first book2 see ,leg4 of ,good ,women1 l4 #adeg1 and the note4 ,however1 ,chaucer shews his knowledge of the story clearly enough in his tr4 of ,boethius1 ,bk4 iv4 ,met4 #g4 ,the reference is1 simply1 to the sign ,leo4 ,the sun was in this sign during the latter part of ,july and the former part of ,august2 but we are further told that he was in the 'breast' of ,leo1 and therefore near the very bright star ,regulus1 called in ,arabic ,kalbalased1 or the ,lion's ,heart1 which was situated almost on the zodiac1 and 7at that time7 near the #bjth degree of the sign4 ,this gives the date as being the first week in ,august4 #da4 in the berd1 in the beard1 i4 e4 face to face4 #dg4 shour1 assault1 attack2 see note to ,bk4 iii4 #ajfd4 #ej-d4 ,from ,boccaccio4 ,the right names are ,antenor1 ,polydamas1 ,menestheus or ,mnestheus1 ,xanthippus1 ,sarpedon1 ,polymnestor1 ,polites1 ,riphaeus1 all mentioned by ,boccaccio1 who probably took them from ,guido delle ,colonne4 ,but ,boccaccio omits ',phebuseo1' and ,i do not know who is meant4 ,several of these names may be found in the allit4 ,destruction of ,troy1 ed4 ,panton and ,donaldson2 as ,antenor and his son ,polydamas1 at ll4 #cidg1 #cied2 ,xanthippus1 king of ,phrygia1 l4 #fajg2 ,sarpedon1 prince of ,lycia1 l4 #eddh2 and in ,lydgate's ,siege of ,troy1 ,bk4 ii4 capp4 #af1 #bj4 ,polymestor1 or ,polymnestor1 was king of the ,thracian ,chersonese1 and an ally of the ,trojans4 ,polites was a son of ,priam 7neid4 ii4 #ebf74 ,mnestheus is repeatedly mentioned in ,vergil 7n4 v4 #aaf1 c471 and is also called ,menestheus 7id4 x4 #abi72 he is a different person from ,menestheus1 king of ,athens1 who fought on the other side4 ,for ,riphaeus1 see ,verg4 ,aen4 ii4 #cci4 ,the ,ital4 forms are ,antenorre1 ,polidamas1 ,monesteo1 ,santippo1 ,serpedon1 ,polinestorre1 ,polite1 ,rifeo4 ,observe that ,monosto1 ,ripho1 ,phebuso rime together1 with an accent on the penultimate4 #fb4 thassege1 for the assege1 the siege2 ,barbour has assege1 siege1 in his ,bruce1 xvii4 #bgj1 xx4 #h2 pl4 assegis1 xx4 #ab4 ,,ms4 ,h4 wrongly has thessage4 ,see l4 #adhj below4 #fd4 ,calkas1 ,calchas2 see ,bk4 i4 #ff1 #ga4 #gi4 ,this town to shende1 i4 e4 7it will be best for you7 to despoil this town4 #hf4 resport1 regard4 ,this strange word is certified by its reappearance in l4 #hej1 where it rimes to discomfrt4 ,it is given in ,roquefort1 but only in a technical sense4 ,it was1 doubtless1 formed from ,o4 ,f4 esport1 deportment1 demeanour1 regard 7,godefroy71 by prefixing re-2 and means 'demeanour towards1' or 7here7 simply 'regard1' as also in l4 #hej4 ,the etymology is from ,lat4 re-1 ex1 and portare4 ,cf4 ,f4 rapport1 from re-1 ad1 and portare4 #if4 in hir sherte1 in her smock only2 i4e4 without much rich clothing2 'as she was4' #ii4 ',for because ,i saw no opportunity4' #aab4 as yerne1 as briskly as possible1 very soon2 so in l4 #bja4 #abj-d4 ,laomedon1 father of ,priam1 founded ,troy4 ,apollo and ,poseidon 7,neptune7 had been condemned for a while to serve him for wages4 ,but ,laomedon refused them payment1 and incurred their displeasure4 #acc4 ,antenor had been taken prisoner by the ,greeks2 see ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 ,bk4 iii4 ch4 #bd4 ,lydgate's version is that ,antenor was to be exchanged for ,thoas1 king of ,calydon2 and1 at the request of ,chalcas1 it was arranged that ,antenor should be exchanged for both ,thoas and ,criseyde 7see l4 #ach72 to which ,priam consented4 withoute more1 without further ado2 cf4 l4 #cgf4 #adc4 parlement2 here ,boccaccio has parlamento1 i4e4 a parley4 ,chaucer gives it the ,english sense4 #afh4 ',the love of you both1 where it was before unknown4' #aig4 ,from ,juvenal1 ,sat4 x4 ll4 #b-d3-- 'pauci dignoscere possunt ,vera bona atque illis multum diuersa1 remota ,erroris nebula4' ,cf4 ,dryden's translation and ,dr4 ,johnson's poem on the ,vanity of ,human ,wishes4 #aih1 #i4 what is to yerne1 what is desirable4 offence1 disappointment4 #bjc4 mischaunce2 because ,antenor contrived the removal from ,troy of the ,palladium1 on which the safety of the city depended4 ,cf4 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 ,bk4 iv4 ch4 #cd2 or the account by ,caxton1 quoted in ,specimens of ,english from #acid-aegi1 ed4 ,skeat1 p4 #hi4 #baj4 here and howne4 ,the sense of this phrase is not known2 but1 judging by the context1 it seems to mean--'thus said every one1 such was the common rumour4' ,it has been explained as 'thus said hare and hound1' i4e4 people of all sorts2 but the ,m4 ,e4 form of hare is hare 7,a4 ,s4 hara71 and the ,m4 ,e4 form of 'hound' never appears as howne1 which1 by the way1 is evidently dissyllabic4 ,in the absence of further evidence1 guesswork is hardly profitable2 but ,i should like to suggest that the phrase may mean 'gentle and savage4' ,the ,m4 ,e4 here1 gentle1 occurs in ,layamon1 #behfg2 and in ,amis and ,amiloun1 #af 7,stratmann72 from ,a4 ,s4 heore4 ,houne answers1 phonetically1 to an ,a4 ,s4 ,huna1 which may mean a ,hun1 a savage2 cf4 ,ger4 ,hne4 #bbe4 ,from ,dante1 ,inf4 iii4 #aab3-- ',come d'autunno si levan le foglie ,l'una appresso dell' altra infin che 'l ramo ,rende alla terra tutte le sue spoglie4' #bci4 ,this stanza follows ,boccaccio closely2 but ,boccaccio1 in his turn1 here imitates a passage in ,dante1 ,inf4 xii4 #bb3-- ',qual quel toro che si slaccia in quella ,c'ha ricevuto gi 'l colpo mortale1 ,che gir non sa1 ma qua e l saltella4' #bea1 #b4 ,almost repeated in the ,clerk ,ta4 ,e #ijb1 #c2 see note to the latter line1 and cf4 ,gower1 ,conf4 ,amant4 ii4 #ad--',right as a lives creature ,she semeth1' c4 #bfc4 ,in ,,ms4 ,h41 thus is glossed by 'sine causa4' #bgb4 ,accent misrie on e2 ',nella miseria2' ,inf4 v4 #abc4 #bgi4 combre-world1 encumbrance of the world1 a compound epithet4 ,it is used by ,hoccleve1 in his lament for ,chaucer1 ,de ,regim4 ,principum1 st4 #bii4 ',a cumber-world1 yet in the world am left2' ,drayton1 ,pastorals1 ,ecl4 ii4 #be4 #bhf4 gerful1 changeable2 see note to ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #aecf4 #cjj4 ,edippe1 ,oedipus1 king of ,thebes1 who put out his own eyes on finding that he had slain his father ,laius and married his mother ,jocasta2 ,statius1 ,theb4 i4 #df4 #cjb4 ,rossetti thus translates ,fil4 iv4 st4 #cd3 ',o soul1 wretched and astray1 ,why fliest thou not out of the most ill-fortuned body that lives8 ,o soul brought low1 part from the body1 and follow ,chryseis4' #cje4 unneste1 glossed in ,h4 by 'go out of thi nest2' correctly4 #cah4 ,read my1 not the or thy2 ,rossetti thus translates ,fil4 iv4 st4 #cf3 ',o my ,chryseis1 ,o sweet bliss of the sorrowing soul which calls on thee6 ,who will any more give comfort to my pains8' #ccj4 unholsom2 ,boccaccio has insano1 ,fil4 iv4 st4 #ch4 ',i think it pretty clear that ,b4 means insane in our ordinary sense for that word2 but ,chaucer's unholsom is no doubt founded on ,b4's epithet1 and is highly picturesque4'--,rossetti4 #cef1 #g4 ,nearly repeated in ,man of ,lawes ,ta4 ,b #fjh1 #i4 ,see l4 #hhb4 #cha4 ',as certainly do ,i wish it were false1 as ,i know it is true4' #cib4 propretee1 his own indefeasible possession2 see ,boethius1 ,bk4 ii4 ,pr4 #b4 #i 7p4 #bg71 #fa 7p4 #bh74 #djg4 ,pandarus took his morality from ,ovid2 cf4 ,amorum lib4 ii4 #d4 #aj-dd3 ',centum sunt causae1 cur ego semper amem2' c4 #dac4 heroner1 a large falcon for herons2 faucon for rivere1 a goshawk for waterfowl4 ,see note to ,sir ,thopas1 ,b #aibg4 #dad1 #e4 ,from ,boccaccio1 who does not1 however1 give the name of the author of the saying4 ,the remark 'as ,zanzis writeth' is ,chaucer's own4 ,it is quite clear that ,zanzis in this passage is the same as the ,zanzis in the ,physiciens ,tale1 ,c #af2 and he is no other than ,zeuxis the painter4 ,i do not suppose that ,chaucer had any special reason for assigning to him the saying1 but his name was as useful as that of any one else1 and the medieval method of reference is frequently so casual and light-hearted that there is nothing to wonder at4 ,besides1 we are distinctly told 7l4 #dbh7 that ,pandarus was speaking for the nonce1 i4e4 quite at random4 ,the real author is ,ovid3 ',successore nouo uincitur omnis amor2' ,remed4 ,amor4 #dfb4 #dfj4 pleyen raket1 play at rackets1 knocking the ball forwards and backwards2 alluding to the rebound of the ball after striking the wall4 #dfa4 ,netle in1 dokke out means1 as ,chaucer says1 first one thing and then another4 ,the words are taken from a charm for curing the sting of a nettle1 repeated whilst the patient rubs in the juice from a dock-leaf4 ,the usual formula is simply1 'in dock1 out nettle1' for which see ,brockett's ,glossary of ,north-,country ,words1 s4 v4 dockon 7dock72 but ,chaucer is doubtless correct4 ,he refers to a fuller form of words1 given in ,notes and ,queries1 #ast ,ser4 iii4 #cfh3-- ',nettle in1 dock out--,dock in1 nettle out2 ,nettle in1 dock out--,dock rub nettle out4' ,akermann's ,glossary of ,wiltshire ,words gives a third formula1 as follows3-- ',out 'ettle1 in dock--,dock shall ha' a new smock2 ',ettle zhan't ha' narrun4' i4e4 nettle shan't have ne'er one4 ,see also ,n4 and ,q4 #ast ,ser4 iii4 #bje1 #cfh2 xi4 #ib2 ,athenum1 ,sept4 #ab1 #ahdf2 ,brand1 ,pop4 ,antiq4 iii4 #cae4 ,in the ,testament of ,love1 ,bk4 i41 the present passage is quoted in the following form3 ',ye wete wel1 lady1 eke 7quod ,i7 that ,i haue not playde racket1 nettyl in1 docke out1 and with the wethercocke waued2' ed4 #aeej1 fol4 cccv4 col4 #b4 ,this shews that the text is correct4 #dfb4 ',now ill luck befall her1 that may care for thy wo4' #dha-c4 gabbestow1 liest thou4 ,ll4 #dhb1 #c are a reproduction of ,pandarus' own saying1 in ,bk4 iii4 #afbe-h4 #dic4 ,deficient in the first foot2 read--',i that liv'd' c4 #dig4 formely2 ,cm4 formaly2 for formelly1 i4e4 formally4 #ejc4 ,from ,boethius1 ,bk4 i4 ,met4 #a4 #ac1 #ad 7p4 #a74 #ejf4 ,troilus speaks as if dead already4 ',well wot ,i1 whilst ,i lived in peace1 before thou 7death7 didst slay me1 ,i would have given 7thee7 hire2' i4e4 a bribe1 not to attack me4 #ebj4 alambyk1 alembic2 i4e4 a retort1 or vessel used in distilling2 in ,cant4 ,ta4 ,g #gid1 ,,ms4 ,e4 has the pl4 alambikes1 and most other ,,mss4 have alembikes4 ,the word was afterwards split up into a lembick or a limbeck2 see ,macb4 i4 #g4 #fg4 ,chaucer took this from ,le ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #fdjf-g3-- ',je vois maintes fois que tu plores ,cum alambic sus alutel4' #eef4 ',then think ,i1 this would injure her reputation4' #ehc4 ',but if ,i had so ardent a love1 and had thy rank4' #ehh4 ,cf4 the phrase 'a nine days' wonder4' ,lat4 nouendiale sacrum2 ,livy1 i4 #ca4 #fjj4 ',audentes ,fortuna iuuat2' neid4 x4 #bhd2 ',fortes ,fortuna adiuuat'2 ,terence1 ,phormio1 i4 #d4 #bf4 #fjb4 ',unhardy is unsely2' ,reves ,ta4 ,a #dbaj4 #fjc4 ,for litel1 ,,ms4 ,h4 and ,thynne have lite4 ,it makes no difference1 either to the sense or the scansion4 #fjg4 for ferd1 for fear 7,h#b4 for drede2 ,thynne1 for feare74 ,properly for ferde1 as in ,ho4 ,fame1 #iej2 but often shortened to for ferd4 ,ferde or ferd is tolerably common as a sb41 but some scribes hardly understood it4 ,hence ,,mss4 ,cl4 and ,h4 have of-fered1 i4e4 greatly frightened4 #fah4 ,cf4 ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #aafc-h2 and the notes4 #fbb4 ',boldly stake the world on casts of the dice4' ,cf4 ,cant4 ,tales1 ,b #abe1 ,c #fec1 and the notes4 #fbg4 ,nearly repeated in ,kn4 ,tale1 ,a #ajaj4 #fcj4 ',the devil help him that cares about it4' #fei-fa4 ,from ,boccaccio1 ,fil4 iv4 st4 #gh2 cf4 neid4 iv4 #ahh4 #fhc4 ',and expected to please her4' ,for pitous ,ioye represents 'pietosa allegrezza1' ,fil4 iv4 st4 #hj4 #fhd4 ',dear enough at a mite2' cf4 note to ,l4 ,g4 ,wom4 #gda4 #fib4 on every syde2 'd'ogni partito2' ,fil4 iv4 #ha4 ,i suppose it means1 literally1 'on every side2' ,troy being subject to attacks at various points4 #gjh-ad4 ,certainly genuine2 found also in ,fil4 iv4 #hd4 #gaf4 ,deficient in the first foot4 #gce4 ,dr4 ,furnivall says that ,,mss4 ,cl41 ,h41 and others have here misplaced a stanza1 meaning that ll4 #gej-f should have come next1 as shewn by ,boccaccio's text4 ,but only ,,ms4 ,cm4 has such an order1 and it is quite certain that the other ,,mss4 are right4 ,the order in ,boccaccio's text furnishes no real guide1 as ,chaucer often transposes such order2 and it is odd that only this one instance should have been noted4 ,it is better to consider the order in ,,ms4 ,cm4 as wrong1 and to say that it transposes the text by placing ll4 #gej-f after l4 #gce1 and gives a somewhat different version of ll4 #gej-b4 #gcf4 ounded1 waved1 wavy2 see ,ho4 ,fame1 #achf1 and note4 ,cf4 ',tear my bright hair1' c42 ,shak4 ,troilus1 iv4 #b4 #aab4 #gej4 ,cf4 note to l4 #gce4 ,,ms4 ,cm41 which inserts this stanza after l4 #gce1 begins thus3-- ',the salte teris from hyre eyghyn tweyn ,out ran1 as schour of ,aprille ful swythe2 ,hyre white brest sche bet1 and for the peyne1' c4 #gfb4 ,this line1 giving the name of ,criseyde's mother1 is not in ,boccaccio 7,fil4 iv4 stt4 #hi-ic74 ,i do not know where ,chaucer found the form ,argyve2 in ,statius1 ,theb4 ii4 #big1 ,argia is the name of the wife of ,polynices1 and ,ch4 calls her ,argyve2 see ,bk4 v4 l4 #aeji below4 #gfi1 #gj4 by-word1 proverb3 'plants without a root soon die4' #ghb4 ordre1 order4 ,she will pass her life in mourning and abstinence1 as if she had entered a religious order4 #gij4 ,elysos1 ,elysium4 ,it looks as if ,chaucer was thinking of ,vergil's ',elysios 444 campos2' ,georg4 i4 #ch2 for the story of ,orpheus and ,eurydice occurs in ,georg4 iv4 #dec-ebg4 ,cf4 ,ovid1 ,met4 x4 #a-he4 #hbi4 cause causinge1 the primary cause4 ',causa causans1 a primary or original cause2 causa causata1 a secondary or intermediate cause2' ,new ,e4 ,dict41 s4 v4 ,causa4 #hca4 ,wher1 short for whether2 as in ,cant4 ,ta4 ,b #caai1 c4 #hcf4 ',extrema gaudii luctus occupat2' ,prov4 xiv4 #ac4 ,see note to ,man of ,lawes ,ta4 ,b #dba4 #hdb4 ,the first foot is deficient3 ',peyn e tor ment1' c4 #hdc4 ',there is no misery that is not within my body4' #hej4 resport1 regard2 see note to l4 #hf above4 #hfe4 ,compare the similar lines in ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #adjj1 #a4 #hff4 men1 weakened form of man1 takes a sing4 verb4 #hgj4 ,bi-trent1 winds round2 see note to iii4 #abca4 #hhd4 into litel1 within a little1 very nearly4 #hhg4 fawe1 gladly2 cf4 ,cant4 ,ta4 ,d #bbj4 #ijg4 bane1 destruction2 see ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #ajig1 #afha4 #ibg4 ',be to him rather a cause of the flat than of the edge1' i4e4 of healing rather than of harming4 ,a curious allusion which is fully explained by reference to the ,squieres ,tale1 ,f #aef-afe4 ,see also note to the same1 ,f #bch4 #idg-ajhe4 ,this passage is not in ,boccaccio1 but some of it is in ,boethius2 see below4 #ifc-ajgh4 ,a considerable portion of this passage is copied1 more or less closely1 from ,boethius1 lib4 v4 ,pr4 #b and ,pr4 #c4 ,the correspondences are all pointed out below4 ,chaucer's own prose translation should be compared4 ,for example1 the word wrythen 7l4 #ihf7 appears in that also 7,bk4 v4 ,pr4 #c4 #ae74 #ifc-f4 ',quae tamen ille1 ab aeterno cuncta prospiciens1 prouidentiae cernit intuitus1 et suis quaeque meritis praedestinata disponit2' ,boeth4 v4 ,pr4 #b 7end74 #ifh4 grete clerkes2 such as ,boethius1 ,saint ,augustine1 and bishop ,bradwardine2 see ,non4 ,pr4 ,ta4 ,b #ddca1 #b4 #igd-hj4 ',nam si cuncta prospicit ,deus1 neque falli ullo modo potest1 euenire necesse est1 quod prouidentia futurum esse praeuiderit4 ,quare si ab aeterno non facta hominum modo1 sed etiam consilia uoluntatesque praenoscit1 nulla erit arbitrii libertas2' ,boeth4 v4 ,pr4 #c4 #iha-g 7continued73 'neque enim uel factum aliud ullum1 uel quaelibet existere poterit uoluntas1 nisi quam nescia falli prouidentia diuina praesenserit4 ,nam si res aliorsum1 quam prouisae sunt1 detorqueri ualent1 non iam erit futuri firma praescientia4' #ihh-iid 7continued73 'sed opinio potius incerta3 quod de ,deo credere nefas iudico4' #iif4 ,i4e4 who have received the tonsure4 #iig-ajja4 ',aiunt enim1 non ideo quid esse euenturum1 quoniam id prouidentia futurum esse prospexerit3 sed contrario potius1 quoniam quid futurum est1 id diuinam prouidentiam latere non posse2' ,boeth4 v4 ,pr4 #c4 #ajjb-ajjh 7continued73 'eoque modo necessarium hoc in contrariam relabi partem4 ,neque enim necesse est contingere1 quae prouidentur2 sed necesse esse1 quae futura sunt1 prouideri4' #ajji-ajae 7continued73 ',quasi uero1 quae cuiusque rei caussa sit1 praescientiane futurorum necessitatis1 an futurorum necessitas prouidentiae1 laboretur4' #ajaf-ajbb 7continued73 ',at nos illud demonstrare nitamur1 quoquo modo sese habeat ordo caussarum1 necessarium esse euentum praescitarum rerum1 etiam si praescientia futuris rebus eueniendi necessitatem non uideatur inferre4' 7,the negative in l4 #ajaf is remarkable1 but ,chaucer's prose rendering presents the same form4 ,surely he has taken nitamur as if it were uitamus47 #ajbc-i4 7continued73 ',etenim si quispiam sedeat1 opinionem quae eum sedere coniectat ueram esse necesse est3 atque conuerso rursus1 7#ajcj-f7 si de quopiam uera sit opinio1 quoniam sedet1 eum sedere necesse est4 ,in utroque igitur necessitas inest3 in hoc quidem sedendi1 at uer in altero ueritatis4' #ajcg-ajdg 7continued73 ',sed non idcirco quisque sedet1 quoniam uera est opinio2 sed haec potius uera est1 quoniam quempiam sedere praecessit4 ,ita cm caussa ueritatis ex altera parte procedat1 inest tamen communis in utraque necessitas4 ,similia de prouidentia futurisque rebus ratiocinari patet4' #ajea-gh 7continued73 ',nam etiam si idcirco1 quoniam futura sunt1 prouidentur2 non uero ideo1 quoniam prouidentur eueniunt3 nihilo minus tamen ,deo uel uentura prouideri1 uel prouisa euenire necesse est3 quod ad perimendam arbitrii libertatem solm satis est4 ,iam uero quam praeposterum est1 ut aeternae praescientiae temporalium rerum euentus caussa esse dicatur8 ,quid est autem aliud arbitrari1 ideo ,deum futura1 quoniam sunt euentura1 prouidere1 quam putare quae olim acciderunt1 caussam summae illius esse prouidentiae8 ,ad haec1 sicuti cum quid esse scio1 id ipsum esse necesse est3 ita cum quid futurum noui1 id ipsum futurum necesse est4 ,sic fit igitur1 ut euentus praescitae rei nequeat euitari4' #ajid4 ferd1 fared2 not the pp4 of faren 7l4 #ajhg71 but of the weak verb feren 7,a4 ,s4 feran74 ,the correct pp4 of faren is faren4 ,see ,stratmann4 #aaje4 ',a man may offer his neck soon enough when it 7i4 e4 his head7 must come off4' #aacf4 ',beyond the nature of tears4' #aaci4 ,myrrha1 daughter of ,cinyras1 king of ,cyprus1 who was changed into a myrrh-tree2 ,ovid1 ,met4 x4 #bih4 ,the tree wept tears of myrrh2 id4 x4 #ejj4 #aadf4 hir-e 7,,ms4 ,cl4 here71 their1 is here dissyllabic4 unswelle1 cease to swell1 as in ,bk4 v4 #bad4 #aadg4 ',all hoarse1 and exhausted with shrieking4' forshright is the pp4 of forshriken1 to shriek excessively4 ,bell wrongly has for shright2 but shright is not a noun4 ,the ,ital4 has 'con rotta voce1' with broken voice2 ,fil4 iv4 st4 #aaf4 #aaec4 ',being always on the point of departing4' #aafb4 ',whether it was sad for him4' #aagd4 ,cf4 ',and bisily gan1' c42 ,prol4 ,a #cja4 #aagi4 preignant 7,f4 preignant1 pregnant1 ,cotgrave71 catching hold of tightly1 hence1 forcible2 pres4 part4 of prendre1 to seize4 ,quite distinct from pregnant when representing ,lat4 praegnans4 #aaha4 woon1 hope1 resource4 ,this answers to ,early ,e4 wan 7see ,stratmann71 and is allied to ,icel4 vn1 hope1 expectation2 cf4 ,icel4 vna1 to hope for1 to ween4 ,the word is monosyllabic1 and the long o is 'open1' as shewn by its riming with noon1 goon1 from ,a4 ,s4 nan1 gan4 ,bell quite fails to explain it1 and ,morris suggests 'remedy1' without assigning any reason4 ,it is common in ,rob4 of ,gloucester1 with similar rimes1 and does not mean 'custom' or 'habit' or 'manner1' as suggested in ,mr4 ,wright's ,glossary1 nor has it any connection with ,m4 ,e4 wone1 custom1 which was dissyllabic1 and had a short vowel in the former syllable2 but it means1 as here1 'hope' or 'resource4' ,for example3 'tho he ne sey other won' when he saw nothing else to be done2 ,rob4 ,glouc4 ed4 ,hearne1 p4 #ab2 ed4 ,wright1 l4 #bge4 ',and flowe in-to hor castles1 vor hii nadde other won1' i4 e4 no other resource2 id4 p4 #ai1 ed4 ,hearne1 l4 #ddb4 ,this is one of the rather numerous words in ,chaucer that have not been rightly understood4 #aahe4 twighte1 plucked2 pt4 t4 of twicchen4 #aahh4 ',where the doom of ,minos would assign it a place4' ,boccaccio here uses the word inferno 7,fil4 iv4 #abj7 to denote the place where ,troilus' soul would dwell2 which ,rossetti explains to mean simply ,hades4 ,chaucer's meaning is the same2 he is referring to neid4 vi4 #dca-c4 #abjh4 ,atropos is the ,fate who cuts the thread of life2 see note to v4 #g4 #abcg4 a forlong wey1 two minutes and a half1 to speak exactly2 see note to ,c4 ,t41 ,a #cfcg4 #abda4 ,either slayn is here expanded into slayen1 or the pause after this word does duty for a syllable1 in the scansion4 #abdb4 ho1 stop1 cease2 see ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #agjf4 #abdd4 ther-e is here made into a dissyllable4 #abde4 morter1 mortar4 ,the ,century ,dict4 quotes from ,dugdale's ,hist4 of ,st4 ,paul's 7ed4 ,ellis71 p4 #bg3 ',a mortar was a wide bowl of iron or metal2 it rested upon a stand or branch1 and was filled either with fine oil or wax1 which was kept burning by means of a broad wick at funerals or on tombs4' ,it was named from its similarity in shape to the mortar in which things were pounded4 ,i remember the word in common use2 it came to denote what is now called a night-light1 and the word night-light seems to have nearly displaced it4 ,in this modern contrivance1 the old 'mortar' is sometimes represented by a paper casing4 ,the term was frequently applied1 not merely to the saucer which held the grease1 but to the light itself1 which sometimes took the shape of a short candle4 ,cotgrave explains ,f4 mortier as 'a kind of small chamber-lamp4' ,instead of morter1 ,,ms4 ,cm4 has percher1 which meant a kind of wax candle placed upon a branch or bar called a perche 7perch74 #abie4 ',about that 7there7 is no question4' ,cf4 l4 #afid4 #acgd4 wether1 sheep4 ,i4 e4 it is advisable to give the wolf a limb of a sheep1 in order to save the rest4 #acgg4 grave1 incise1 make an impression upon4 #achj4 moble 7,h41 ,h#b4 moeble71 movable property2 cf4 ,f4 meubles4 #adjd4 ',whilst he is making his divination2 and ,i will make him believe4' ,ll4 #adja-ad are due to a passage in ,guido2 see allit4 ,destruction of ,troy1 #haja-dj4 #adjf4 amphibologyes1 ambiguities4 ,a more correct form is amphiboly1 from ,gk4 ,greek3 amphibolia2 see ,new ,e4 ,dict4 ,the ambiguous character of the old oracular responses is well known4 #adaa4 ',when he started away from ,delphi for fear4' ,cf4 l4 #fjg4 #adbb4 ,see note to ,book i4 #dfc4 #adbe4 the selve wit1 the same opinion4 #adce4 clere1 clear of woe1 free1 light4 ,,ms4 ,h4 has chere4 #adec4 ',the bear has one opinion1 and his leader another4' #adef4 ,repeated in ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #bddi2 see note4 #adei4 ',with eyes like ,argus2' i4 e4 seeing everywhere4 ,argus had a hundred eyes2 ,ovid1 ,met4 i4 #fbe4 #adhc4 fere1 frighten1 terrify2 as in ,bk4 ii4 #abd4 #aeje4 ',to lose the substance1 for the sake of something accidentally representing it2' as when the dog dropped the piece of meat1 in his anxiety to get the shadow 7or reflected image7 of it4 ,as to the famous words substance and accident1 see note to ,pard4 ,ta4 ,c #eci4 #aebe4 go we1 let us go2 also written gowe1 ,p4 ,plowm4 ,b4 ,pr4 #bbf4 #aech-dj4 ,juno caused ,athamas1 the husband of ,ino1 to run mad4 ,as ,ovid tells the story1 ,juno descended into hell1 and crossed the ,styx1 in order to persuade the fury ,tisiphone to haunt ,athamas4 ,hence the mention of the ,styx was readily suggested4 ,see ,ovid1 ,met4 iv4 #daf-efa1 esp4 l4 #dcd4 ,styx was not1 as ,chaucer says1 'the pit of hell1' but a river that flowed through it4 #aedd4 ,satiry and ,fauny1 ,satyri and ,fauni1 ,satyrs and ,fauns4 ,chaucer was probably thinking of ,ovid1 ,met4 vi4 #cib-d1 where the ,fauni1 ,satyri1 and ,nymphae are described as 'ruricolae1 siluarum numina4' ,for halve goddes1 we now say demigods4 #aedh4 ,simois1 a river of ,troas2 neid4 i4 #ajj4 #aefj4 laye1 would lie2 subj4 ,the e is elided4 #aefb4 take1 take place1 be made4 ,thynne has be take1 but be clogs the line1 and is not in the ,,mss4 #aehd4 ',vincit qui patitur2' see ,frank4 ,ta4 ,f #ggc4 #aehe4 ',he who will have what he wants must give up what he likes4' ,such seems to be the sense intended4 ,leef means 'dear4' ,one of ,heywood's proverbs is--',nought lay down1 nought take up2' and very similar to this is--',nothing venture1 nothing have4' ,for the second leef1 ,,ms4 ,h4 has lyfe1 a reading adopted by ,bell and ,morris4 ,this takes all point out of the saying1 and does not seem applicable to the case4 ,ll4 #aehg and #aehh repeat the saying in another form1 and confirm the reading in the text4 ,cf4 ,boeth4 ,bk4 ii4 ,pr4 #d4 #ih4 #aeia1 #b4 ,lucina1 i4 e4 ,diana1 or the moon2 cf4 ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #bjhe4 ',before the moon pass out of the sign of ,aries beyond that of ,leo4' ,in order to this1 the moon would have to pass wholly through ,taurus1 ,gemini1 ,cancer1 and ,leo1 thus traversing a distance represented by about #d signs1 or a third part of the whole zodiac3 this would take up about the third part of #bh days1 or more than #i days4 ,this brings us1 as ,criseyde says1 to the #ajth day 7l4 #aeie74 ,such a method of counting is natural enough to those that watch the moon's course2 and lovers are generally credited with taking a special interest in that luminary2 cf4 l4 #afjh4 ,in the sequel1 a good deal turns upon this 'tenth day4' ,cf4 ll4 #acbj1 #acbh1 #afhe2 ,v4 #bci1 #fdb1 #fha1 #aajc1 #abjf4 #afjh4 ,cynthia1 i4 e4 ,diana1 the moon2 ,ovid1 ,met4 ii4 #dfe4 #afab4 ',to lose one opportunity1 in order to gain another4' #afbj4 pure1 very2 as in ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #abgi4 #afbh4 ',who can hold a thing that tries to get away8' ',an eel and woman1 ,a learned poet says1 unless by th' tail ,and with thy teeth thou hold1 will either fail4' ,the ,two ,noble ,kinsmen1 ,a4 iii4 sc4 #e4 l4 #di4 #afde4 ',res est solliciti plena timoris amor2' ,ovid1 ,her4 i4 #ab4 #affg-gc4 ,in ,boccaccio1 a stanza of a similar character is assigned to ,troilus1 not to ,criseyde4 #afgg4 poeplish2 ,boccaccio 7,fil4 iv4 st4 #afe7 has popolesco1 which ,rossetti translates by 'low-bred4' ,florio's ,ital4 ,dict4 has3 'popolesco1 popular1 of the common people4' #afhb4 frtun- is trisyllabic4 ,,book ,v4 ,the following sketch gives a general notion of the relation of this ,book to the ,filostrato1 though ,chaucer often amplifies and transposes the material in a way that it would be tedious to particularise more minutely4 ,,troilus3 ,,book ,v4 ,,filostrato4 ll4 #a-g4 ,teseide1 ,bk4 ix4 st4 #a4 #h-ad4 ,teseide1 ,bk4 ii4 st4 #a4 #ae-ia4 ,bk4 v4 st4 #a-ac4 #aij-bff4 #ad-ba1 #bd-bh4 #bhj-bie4 #bb4 #cbc-ccf1 #cea-cgb4 #bi-cb4 #chf-fhf4 #cc-ch1 #dj-fb1 #fg-ga4 #fhg-fic4 ,bk4 vi4 #a 7ll4 #a-c71 #f4 #gjh-ggg4 #a 7l4 #d7-h4 #ghe-gih1 #hbj4 ,bk4 vi4 #aj1 #aa4 #gii-hje1 #hag4 #cc2 ,bk4 i4 #bh 7l4 #h74 #hda-ajja4 #i1 #aa-ca4 #aajj-abgd4 ,bk4 vii4 #a-cc4 #abge-acji4 #cg1 #dj-dc1 #dh-ej4 #acaj-acbg4 #ea1 #eb4 #acce1 #accf4 #gd 7ll4 #g1 #h74 #acch-adba4 #ec-ge4 #adbb-addd4 #gf1 #aje1 #gg1 #gf4 #adej-adef4 #hd1 #bf4 #aeac-aeba4 #bg1 #ij4 #aebc-aeed4 #ajj-ajb1 #ajd1 #ajf4 #aeee-aehi4 ,bk4 viii4 #a-e4 #afcb-agja4 #f-ae4 #agjb-agfh4 #ba1 #ag1 #ai-bf4 #ahjj-ahjf4 #bg4 #ahjg-ahbg4 ,teseide1 ,bk4 xi4 #a-c4 #ahbh-ahda4 #bh1 #bi4 #ahfc-ahfe4 ,dante1 ,par4 xiv4 #bh-cj4 #c4 ,parcas1 ,fates2 the accusative case1 as usual4 #g4 ,lachesis1 the ,fate that apportions the thread of life2 often represented with the spindle1 though this is properly the attribute of ,clotho alone4 ,clotho spins1 ,lachesis apportions1 and ,atropos cuts1 the thread of life4 ,atropos has been mentioned above2 ,bk4 iv4 #abjh1 #aedf4 ,statius mentions all three in lib4 iii4 of his ,thebaid2 ,clotho at l4 #eef1 ,lachesis 7,lachesim putri uacuantem saecula penso7 at l4 #fdb1 and ,atropos at l4 #fh4 #h4 ,for golden tressed1 ,,ms4 ,harl4 #cidc has ,auricomus tressed 7674 ,cf4 ',sol auricomus1 cingentibus ,horis2' ,valerius ,flaccus1 ,argonaut4 iv4 #ib4 #ab1 #ac4 sone of ,hecuba1 ,troilus2 hir1 ,criseyde4 #ae-i4 ,note that ll4 #ae1 #ag rime on -de1 with close e1 but ll4 #af1 #ah1 #ai rime on -de1 with open e4 ,cf4 ,anelida1 #bii-cjg4 #bb-f4 ,lines #bb1 #bd rime on -ore1 with long close o2 ll4 #bc1 #be1 #bf on -7ore1 with 7original7 short open o4 #be4 crop1 shoot1 upper part of a tree4 more1 root1 still in use in ,hants2 ,a4 ,s4 more1 moru2 see ,p4 ,plowman1 ,b4 xvi4 #e1 ,c4 xviii4 #ba4 #ec4 ',upon the report of such behaviour of his4' #fe4 ,so in ,boccaccio3 ',con un falcone in pugno2' ,fil4 v4 st4 #aj4 #fg4 ,a mistranslation4 ,boccaccio's word is not valle1 a valley1 but vallo1 a rampart4 ,the first foot lacks a syllable4 #ga4 ,antenor was the ,trojan1 captured by the ,greeks1 who was restored to ,troy in exchange for ,thoas and ,criseyde4 #hh4 sone of ,tydeus1 i4 e4 ,diomede1 often called ,tydides2 as in neid4 i4 #ig1 #dga1 c4 #hi4 ,to know one's creed is very elementary knowledge4 #ij4 by the reyne hir hente2 ,rossetti thinks ,chaucer misunderstood di colei si piglia 7,fil4 v4 #ac71 which might mean 'takes hold of her1' but really means 'takes a fancy to her4' #ih4 ,this resembles 'to take care of ,no4 #a4' #aja4 make it tough1 raise a difficulty1 viz4 by disparaging ,troilus4 #ajf4 coude his good1 knew what was good for him1 knew what he was about4 ,bell says--'understood good manners4' #abh4 helply2 we now say 'helpful1' i4e4 serviceable4 to my might1 to the best of my power4 #adc4 ,o god of love1 one and the same god of love4 #aea4 this1 contracted form of this is4 enseled1 sealed up4 #aeh4 ,as paramours1 as by way of love4 ,cf4 l4 #ccb4 #ahj4 ,see below 7l4 #ecj71 and ,man of ,lawes ,ta4 ,b #fig4 ,we can read either brast 7burst71 or braste 7would burst74 #ahb4 sye1 to sink down2 ,a4 ,s4 sigan2 see sighen in ,stratmann4 #aid4 mewet1 mute2 as in the ,court of ,love1 #adh4 ,mewet1 muwet1 or muet is from the ,o4 ,f4 mut1 orig4 dissyllabic1 and answering to a ,low ,lat4 diminutive type 99mutettum4 ,the ,e4 word is now obsolete1 being displaced by the simple form mute1 borrowed directly from ,lat4 mutus1 which in ,o4 ,f4 became mu4 ,mute is common in ,shakespeare4 ,lydgate has3 ',and also clos and mut as a stone2' ,siege of ,thebes1 pt4 iii4 #h4 ,in ,merlin1 ed4 ,wheatley1 p4 #agb1 we find 'stille and mewet as though thei hadde be dombe4' ,the -e in mild-e is not elided2 the ,a4 ,s4 milde is dissyllabic4 #bjh4 ,cipryde1 i4e4 ,cypris1 or ,venus2 see note to ,parl4 ,foules1 #bgg4 #bab4 ,the -ie in furie is rapidly slurred over4 ,ixion is accented on the first syllable4 ,ixion was bound1 in hell1 to an ever-revolving wheel2 ,georg4 iii4 #ch2 n4 vi4 #fja4 #bdi4 as mete1 as 7for instance7 dream2 see l4 #bea4 #bhc4 ',although he had sworn 7to do so7 on forfeit of his head4' #cjd4 plestrl1 i4e4 games consisting of wrestling-matches and similar contests2 from ,lat4 palaestra2 see ,verg4 n4 iii4 #bhj1 #bha2 and ,g4 ,douglas1 ed4 ,small1 vol4 iii4 p4 #eb1 l4 #bd4 ,there is a description of such games1 held at a funeral1 in ,statius1 ,theb4 vi41 which is imitated by ,chaucer in the ,knightes ,tale2 see note to ,a #bhfc4 ,vigile 7l4 #cje7 is the same as ,chaucer's liche-wake2 see note to ,a #bieh4 #cjf4 ,he means that his steed1 sword1 and helm are to be offered up to ,mars1 and his shield to ,pallas1 at his funeral2 cf4 ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #bhhi-bhid4 #cai4 ,ascaphilo1 a transposed form of ,ascalaphus1 whom ,proserpine changed into an owl2 ,ovid1 ,met4 v4 #eci4 ,so also ,adriane for ,ariadne4 ,bell's note1 that the form of ,ascaphilo is ,italian1 and helps to prove that ,chaucer here follows ,boccaccio is misleading2 for ,boccaccio does not mention ,ascalaphus4 #cba4 ,mercury was supposed to convey men's souls to ,hades4 ,see l4 #ahbg below1 and note4 #ccb4 paramours1 passionately2 an adverb1 as usual2 cf4 l4 #aeh4 #cde4 ,by freendes might1 by constraint of their relatives4 #cej4 hurt1 for hurteth1 hurts2 present tense4 #cfj4 ,on dreams1 cf4 ,non4 ,pr4 ,ta4 ,b #daac-dabi1 #dbhj-d4 #cfe-h4 ,from ,le ,rom4 de la ,rose1 #ahgji-ab1 q4 v4 #cgi4 ,lit4 ',well is it1 concerning dreams1 to these old wives2' i4e4 these old women set a value on dreams4 #chg4 ,boccaccio has3 'a te stesso perdona1' i4e4 spare thyself2 ,chaucer takes it literally--'forgive thyself4' #djc4 ,sarpedon had been taken prisoner by the ,greeks 7iv4 #eb74 ,neither ,boccaccio nor ,chaucer explains how he had got back to ,troy4 ,see l4 #dca4 #dji4 iouken1 slumber2 cf4 ,p4 ,plowman1 ,c4 xix4 #abf4 ,it was chiefly used as a term in falconry1 and applied to hawks4 ,in the ,boke of ,st4 ,albans1 fol4 a #f1 we are told that it is proper to say that 'your hauke ,ioukith1 and not slepith4' ,from ,o4 ,f4 joquier1 jouquier2 see ,godefroy4 #dba4 of fyne force1 by very necessity4 #dea4 ,i read 'pitous1' as in ,,ms4 ,h41 not 'pitous1' for the sake of the metre1 as in ,bk4 iii4 #addd2 cf4 pietee1 id4 #ajcc4 ,perhaps ,chaucer was thinking of the ,ital4 pietoso4 ,we also find the spelling pitevous1 for which form there is sufficient authority2 see ,wyclif1 #b ,tim4 iii4 #ab1 ,titus ii4 #ab2 ,rob4 of ,glouc4 ed4 ,wright1 #ehhd 7footnote72 cf4 ,mod4 ,e4 piteous4 ,chaucer's usual word is pitous1 as in ,cant4 ,ta4 ,b #ddi1 #ajei1 ,c #bih1 c4 #dfj4 ,for1 because2 as frequently4 #dfi4 ',fortune intended to glaze his hood still better4' ,to 'glaze one's hood' was to furnish a man with a glass hood1 a jocular phrase for to mock or expose to attack2 because a glass hood would be no defence at all4 ,chaucer himself admirably illustrates this saying in a passage which has already occurred above2 see ,bk4 ii4 #hfg4 #dgh4 her-e is dissyllabic2 as in ,ho4 ,fame1 #ihj1 #ajad1 #ahhe1 #aiab1 c4 #dgi4 congeyen us1 bid us take leave1 dismiss us4 #dhd4 ',did we come here to fetch light for a fire1 and run home again8' ,a man who borrows a light must hurry back before it goes out4 #eje4 ,hasel-wode1 hazel-wood2 an allusion to a popular saying1 expressive of incredulity4 ,see note to l4 #aagd below4 ,not the same proverb as that in ,bk4 iii4 #hij4 #eda4 ',o house1 formerly called the best of houses4' ,bell and ,morris place the comma after houses4 #eeb4 ,as to kissing the door1 see note to ,rom4 ,rose1 #bfgf4 #fja4 ,referring1 probably1 to ,statius1 ,theb4 i4 #ab--',quod saeuae ,iunonis opus4' ,but this refers to the wrath of ,juno against ,athamas rather than against ,thebes4 #fdb4 ',wherefore1 if1 on the tenth night1 ,i fail 7to have7 the guiding of thy bright beams for a single hour1' c4 #fee4 ,here ,thynne's reading1 ,lucina1 is obviously correct2 see ,bk4 iv4 #aeia4 ,by the common mistake of writing t for c1 it became ,lutina1 and was then changed into ,latona4 ,but ,latona was ,lucina's mother4 #ffd4 ,pheton1 ,phaethon2 alluding to ,ovid1 ,met4 ii4 #cd1 #dg1 c4 #gdd4 ,prudence is here represented with three eyes1 to behold present1 past1 and future2 but ,creseyde had but two eyes1 and failed to see what was to come4 ,cf4 'rerum fato ,prudentia maior2' ,georg4 i4 #daf4 #gfc4 ',i call it felicity when ,i have what satisfies me2' cf4 the parallel passage in ,prol4 ,a #cch2 and ,boeth4 ,bk4 iii4 ,pr4 #b4 #f-h4 #gfi4 knotteles2 'like a thread in which there is no knot4' #ghd4 ',nothing venture1 nothing have4' #hje4 ,in ,lydgate's ,siege of ,troye1 we are told that ,diomede brought #hj ships with him 'fro ,calidonye and ,arge2' ,bk4 ii4 ch4 #af1 in the catalogue of the ships4 ,the ,english alliterative ,romance omits this passage4 ,arge is the town of ,argos1 ruled over by ,diomede2 ,homer1 ,il4 ii4 #eei4 ,calidoine is ,calydon1 in tolia1 of which city ,tydeus1 father of ,diomede1 was king2 see l4 #icd1 and ll4 #aeac-e below4 #hjf4 ,this description seems to be mainly ,chaucer's own4 ,it occurs again1 much amplified1 in ,lydgate's ,siege of ,troy1 ,bk4 ii4 ch4 #ae1 where it precedes the description of ,priam4 ,boccaccio says that she had 'lucent eyes and an angelic face' 7,fil4 i4 st4 #bh71 with which cf4 l4 #haf4 ,he also describes her as ',accorta1 savia1 onesta1 e costumata1' which ,rossetti translates by ',discerning1 wise1 honourable1 and high-bred' 7,fil4 i4 #aa72 cf4 ll4 #hbj1 #hba4 #hbg4 ,troilus is described by ,guido delle ,colonne2 see the translations1 in the alliterative ,destruction of ,troy1 ed4 ,panton and ,donaldson1 l4 #cibb1 and in ,lydgate's ,siege of ,troye1 ,bk4 ii4 ch4 #af4 #hcf4 ,troilus was second to ,hector in prowess 7,bk4 ii4 #aeh1 #fdd71 but not in courage 7,bk4 i4 #dgd74 #hcg4 durring don1 daring to do1 courage2 where durring is a sb4 formed from durren1 to dare4 ,so in l4 #hdj1 to durre don is 'to dare to do4' ,it is quite a mistake to regard durring don as a compound word1 as is usually done by such as are ignorant of ,middle ,english grammar4 ,spenser borrowed the phrase1 but may have misunderstood it4 ,in the ,globe edition of ,spenser1 derring-doe occurs with a hyphen1 in ,shep4 ,kal4 ,oct4 l4 #fe1 but as two words1 in ,f4 ,q4 ii4 #d4 #db1 vi4 #e4 #cg4 ,in ,f4 ,q4 ii4 #g4 #aj1 we find 'in der-doing armes1' which ,i leave to be explained by the omniscient critic4 #heb4 ,see the parallel line1 ,squi4 ,ta4 ,f #bid2 cf4 ,bk4 iii4 #fgd4 #hhc4 as who seyth1 so to speak4 #hib4 ,manes1 the departed spirits or shades of the dead4 ,he means that even these will dread the ,greeks4 ,the idea that they are the 'gods of pain' is taken from ,vergil1 n4 vi4 #gdc2 cf4 ,statius1 ,theb4 viii4 #hd4 ,boccaccio merely has 'tra' morti in inferno'2 ,fil4 vi4 st4 #af4 #hig4 ambages1 ambiguities2 adapted from ,boccaccio's 'ambage' 7,fil4 vi4 st4 #ag71 which ,ch4 has to explain4 #iaa-ich4 ,these lines are fairly close to the original4 #icd4 ,see note above1 to l4 #hje4 ,b4 has3 ',di ,calidonia e d' ,argo2' ,fil4 vi4 st4 #bd4 #icg4 ,tydeus1 father of ,diomede1 is one of the chief heroes in the ,thebaid of ,statius1 which describes the struggle between ,eteocles and ,polynices 7called ,polymites in l4 #ich7 for the possession of ,thebes4 ,tydeus and ,polynices married sisters1 the daughters of ,adrastus1 king of ,argos2 hence their alliance4 ,for the death of ,tydeus in battle1 see the conclusion of ,book viii of the ,thebaid4 ,see ll4 #adhj-aeja below4 #iga4 ,orcades1 the ,orkney islands1 very remote from ,rome2 ,juvenal1 ,sat4 ii4 #afa4 ,inde1 ,india1 remote from ,rome in the other direction2 ,vergil1 n4 vi4 #gid4 ,here the point of view is transferred from ,rome to ,troy4 #ige4 ,she was a widow2 ,bk4 i4 #ig4 ,in l4 #igg1 she lies boldly4 #iib4 ',when ,i see what ,i have never seen yet 7viz4 ,troy taken71 perhaps ,i will do what ,i have never yet done 7i4 e4 think of a second husband74' #ajac4 ,this incident is not in ,boccaccio2 but it occurs in ,guido delle ,colonne1 which ,chaucer must therefore have consulted4 ,the alliterative ,destruction of ,troy duly records the circumstance1 ll4 #hjib-d3-- ',a gloue of that gay gate he belyue1 ,drogh hit full dernly the damsell fro2 ,none seond but hir-selfe1 that suffert full well4' #ajaf4 ,i4 e4 ,venus was seen as 'the evening-star4' #ajah1 #i4 ,cynthea1 i4 e4 the moon2 ,bk4 iv4 #afjh4 ,in ,bk4 iv4 l4 #aeia1 ,criseyde had promised to return before the moon passed out of the sign ,leo4 ,this was now on the point of happening2 the moon was leaving ,leo1 to pass into ,virgo4 #ajbj4 ,signifer1 the 'sign-bearer1' the zodiac4 ',this forseide hevenish zodiak is cleped the cercle of the signes2' ,astrolabe1 pt4 i4 #ba4 ,the zodiac extended1 north and south1 to the breadth of #f degrees on both sides of the ecliptic line1 thus forming a belt #ab degrees wide4 ,this included numerous bright stars1 such as ,regulus 7alpha ,leonis7 and ,spica ,virginis 7alpha ,virginis71 here called 'candles4' ,chaucer may have found the word ,signifer in ,claudian1 ,in ,rufinum1 i4 #cfe4 #ajci4 he wan1 he took in battle4 ,thynne reads she2 but he is right4 ,diomede got possession of ,troilus' horse1 and sent it to ,criseyde2 whereupon she said that ,diomede might keep it for himself4 ,note that ,chaucer refers us to 'the story' for this incident2 by which he means the ,historia ,troiana of ,guido4 ,but ,guido only goes as far as to say that ,diomed sent ,troilus' horse to ,criseyde2 the rest is ,chaucer's addition4 ,see the allit4 ,destruction of ,troy1 ll4 #hbif-hcag2 and ,lydgate's ,siege of ,troye1 ,bk4 iii4 ch4 #bf1 ed4 #aeeg1 fol4 ,r #d1 back4 ,cf4 ,shak4 ,troilus1 v4 #e4 #a3 ',dio4 ,go1 go1 my servant1 take thou ,troilus' horse1 ,present the fair steed to my lady ,cressid4' ,the incidents of the 'broche' and 'pensel' are ,chaucer's own2 see ,bk4 iii4 #acgj-b4 #ajdc4 pencel1 short for penoncel1 a little pennon or banner2 here it means that ,diomede wore a sleeve of hers as a streamer on his helmet or arm4 ,this was a common custom2 cf4 ,shak4 ,troil4 v4 #b4 #fi1 #afi4 ',pensell1 a lytel baner2' ,palsgrave2 and see ,p4 ,plowm4 ,c4 xix4 #ahi4 #ajdd4 the stories elles-wher1 i4e4 in another part of ,guido's ,historia1 viz4 in ,book xxv2 see the allit4 ,destruct4 of ,troy1 ll4 #iidb-iiei1 and ,lydgate's ,siege of ,troye1 ,bk4 iv4 ch4 #cj1 ed4 #aeeg1 fol4 ,u #d4 #ajea4 ,i cannot find this in ,guido4 #ajfb4 ',my bell shall be rung2' my story shall be told4 #aajd4 ,i4e4 'on the morrow of which4' #aajg4 ,cf4 'laurigero 444 ,phoebo'2 ,ovid1 ,art4 ,am4 iii4 #chi4 #aaaj4 ',nisus' daughter1' i4e4 ,scylla1 changed into the bird ciris1 which some explain as a lark2 see ,leg4 ,good ,wom4 #aijh1 and note2 ,ovid1 ,met4 viii4 #i-aea2 ,vergil1 ,georg4 i4 #djd-i4 #aaad4 noon1 noon1 mid-day2 the time for dinner 7see l4 #aabi1 and ,cant4 ,ta4 ,e #ahic74 ,see my note to ,piers ,plowm4 ,c4 ix4 #adf4 #aacc4 cape1 gape2 see ,miller's ,tale1 ,a #cddd1 #chda 7footnotes74 #aadj1 #a4 yate1 i4e4 port-cullis4 ,as nought ne were1 as if there were no special reason for it4 ,i4e4 ,i will make them do it1 without telling them why4 #aaea4 ,deficient in the first foot2 hardly a good line4 #aaee4 ',think it not tedious to 7have to7 wait4' #aafb4 fare-cart1 cart for provisions2 cf4 our phrase 'to enjoy good fare4' ,it might mean 'travelling-car1' but that is inapplicable4 ,b4 has simply 'carro2' ,fil4 vii4 #h4 #aafc-i4 ,cf4 ,romeo's speech in ,rom4 v4 #a4 #a-aa4 #aagd4 ',the happiness which you expect will come out of the wood1' i4e4 if it comes at all4 ,a jocular form of expressing unlikelihood4 ,there is evidently a reference to some popular song or saying2 compare the ,jeu de ,robin in ,toynbee's ,specimens of ,old ,french1 p4 #bbd4 ,in the ,rom4 of the ,rose1 #gdee1 we have an allusion to a 'ioly ,robin1' who was a gay dancer and a minstrel1 and the exact opposite of a ,jacobin friar4 ,shakespeare's clown in ,twelfth ,night 7iv4 #b4 #gh7 sings of a 'jolly ,robin' whose lady 'loves another4' ,and ,ophelia sang 'bonny sweet ,robin is all my joy2' ,haml4 iv4 #e4 #ahg4 #aagf4 ,another proverbial saying1 ferne yere1 last year2 see fern1 frn1 in ,stratmann1 and cf4 ,a4 ,s4 fyrngearum frod1 wise with the experience of past years1 ,phoenix1 #bai4 ,last year's snow will not be seen again4 #aaij4 ,he persuades himself that the moon is to pass well beyond the end of the sign ,leo2 thus allowing another day4 #abbb4 by potente1 with a stick1 or staff with a spiked end and crutch-like top2 cf4 ,somp4 ,ta4 ,d #aggf4 ,a potent1 in heraldry1 is a figure resembling the top of a crutch1 consisting of a rectangle laid horizontally above a small square4 ,see ,rom4 of the ,rose1 #cfh4 #abgd4 ',whereas ,i daily destroy myself by living4' #acac4 rolleth1 revolves2 see ,pard4 ,ta4 ,c #hch2 ,somn4 ,ta4 ,d #bbag4 #acce4 ',and for that which is defaced1 ye may blame the tears4' #aced4 ',i sigh with sorrowful sighs4' ,,ms4 ,cm4 has sikis ,i sike4 #acfh4 ',i can only say that1 being a receptacle for every sorrow1 ,i was still alive4' cheste1 box2 like that of ,pandora4 #acgb4 ',until ,i see the contents of your reply4' #adca4 ',bottomless promises2' i4 e4 that held nothing4 #adcc4 ,see the parallel line1 ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #ahch1 and note4 #adej4 ,sibille1 the ,sibyl1 the prophetess2 not here a proper name1 but an epithet of ,cassandra4 ,cf4 neid4 vi4 #ih4 #adfd4 7,ll4 #adeg-aeab are not in ,boccaccio47 ,the story of ,meleager and the ,calydonian boar-hunt is told at length in ,ovid1 ,met4 viii4 #bga1 c42 whence ,chaucer doubtless took it2 cf4 l4 #adfi with ,met4 viii4 #bhb4 ,the 'mayde1' in l4 #adgc1 was ,atalanta4 #adhj4 ,chaucer seems to be mistaken here4 ,tydeus1 according to one account1 was ,meleager's brother2 and1 according to another1 his half-brother4 ,he does not tell us to what 'olde bokes' he refers4 #adhc4 moder2 his mother ,althaea2 see ,ovid1 ,met4 viii4 #dde4 ,,latin ,,lines3 ,argument of the #ab books of the ,thebaid of ,statius4 ,these lines are placed1 in the ,,mss41 after l4 #adih1 interrupting the connection4 ,i therefore insert them after l4 #adhd1 which is certainly their proper place4 ,ll4 #adhe-aeaj give a loose rendering of them4 ,i subjoin an epitome1 in a more intelligible form2 but suppress many details not mentioned in ,chaucer4 ,,book ,i4 ,polynices and ,tydeus meet1 and become allies4 ,,ii4 ,tydeus sets out on an embassy to ,eteocles at ,thebes1 and escapes an ambush by the way 7ll4 #adhe-adia74 ,he spares ,mon1 one of his #ej assailants1 and sends him to ,thebes with the news1 whilst he himself returns to ,argos instead of proceeding to ,thebes 7#adib-c74 ,,iii4 ,maeon 7also called ,haemonides1 as being the son of ,haemon1 ,bk4 iii4 l4 #db7 returns to ,thebes1 and relates how ,tydeus had slain #di men out of #ej4 ,at ,argos1 ,amphiaraus1 the augur1 had concealed himself1 hoping to delay the war against ,thebes1 which he prophesied would be disastrous2 but ,capaneus forces him from his retirement1 and war is resolved upon 7#adid74 ,,iv4 ,the seven chiefs set out against ,thebes4 ,the army suffers from thirst1 but ,hypsipyle1 a ,lemnian princess1 appears1 and shews them a river 7#adie74 ,v4 ,hypsipyle relates the story of 'the furies of ,lemnos1' i4 e4 of the ,lemnian women who killed all the men in the island except ,thoas1 her father1 whom she saved4 7,see ,leg4 of ,good ,women1 #adfg1 and note47 ,while she is speaking1 a snake1 sent by ,jupiter1 kills her infant1 named ,archemorus4 ,the snake is killed by ,capaneus 7#adig1 #h74 ,,vi4 ,description of the obsequies of ,archemorus1 and of the funeral games 7#adii74 ,,vii4 ,description of the temple of ,mars 7see ,knightes ,tale74 ,the allies arrive before ,thebes1 and the city is attacked4 ,amphiaraus is swallowed up by an earthquake 7#aejj74 ,,viii4 ,tydeus is slain1 after a great slaughter of his enemies 7#aeja74 ,,ix4 ,hippomedon1 after great deeds of valour1 is drowned in the river4 ,death of ,parthenopaeus 7#aejb1 #c74 ,x4 ,capaneus is killed by lightning whilst scaling the walls of ,thebes 7#aejd1 #e74 ,,xi4 ,single combat between ,eteocles and ,polynices2 both are slain 7#aejf-h74 ,,xii4 ,creon forbids the burial of the slain invaders4 ,the wives of the six chieftains seek assistance from ,theseus1 king of ,athens 7see ,knightes ,tale74 ,argia1 wife of ,polynices1 finds and burns her husband's body4 ,theseus slays ,creon1 and the ,thebans open their gates to him 7#aeji-aj74 #adhe-adia4 ,from the ,thebaid1 ,bk4 i 7see above74 felawe1 comrade1 brother-in-law4 ,polymites1 ,polynices4 ,ethyocles1 ,eteocles4 #adib-h4 ,from the same1 ,books ii-v4 ,hemonides1 ,haemonides1 i4 e4 ,maeon1 son of ,haemon4 asterte1 escaped4 fifty2 but he only slew #di1 though attacked by #ej4 sevene2 the seven chieftains1 who went to besiege ,thebes4 holy serpent1 the snake sent by ,jupiter4 welle1 7apparently7 the stream ,langia1 which refreshed the army 7end of ,bk4 iv74 ,the furies1 the furious women of ,lemnos1 who killed all the males 7but one7 in the island4 #adii-aeje4 ,from the same1 ,bks4 vi-x4 ,archimoris1 ,archemorus1 infant son of ,hypsipyle2 honoured by funeral games4 ,amphiorax1 ,amphiaraus2 see ,bk4 ii4 #aje1 and note to ,anelida1 #eg4 ,argeyes1 ,argives1 people of ,argos4 ,ypomedon1 ,hippomedon2 ,parthonope1 ,parthenopaeus2 see note to ,anelida1 #eh4 ,cappaneus1 ,capaneus2 see note to ,anelida1 #ei4 #aejf-aeab4 ,from the same1 ,bks4 xi1 xii4 ,argyve1 ,argia1 wife of ,polynices2 cf4 ,bk4 iv4 l4 #gfb1 above4 brent1 burnt2 see ,kn4 ,ta4 ,a #iij2 but ,statius says that the ,thebans opened their gates to ,theseus1 who entered in triumph4 ,i find nothing about any harm done to the city on this occasion4 #aead4 ,but ,tydeus was ,meleager's brother2 see note to l4 #adhj4 #aeah4 leef1 leave it alone4 ,usually leve4 #aebc4 seestow1 seest thou2 a general observation1 not addressed to ,cassandra in particular1 but to every one at large4 #aebg4 ,alceste1 ,alcestis2 see ,leg4 of ,good ,women1 #dcb4 #aebh4 but1 except1 unless4 ,yet ,bell misunderstands it4 #aecj4 housbonde2 ,admetus1 king of ,pherae1 in ,thessaly4 #aede4 smitted1 smutted1 disgraced2 cf4 l4 #aedf4 #aedh4 fyn of the pardie1 end of the period4 ,chaucer1 not being a ,greek scholar1 has somewhat mistaken the form of the word2 but1 in ,,ms4 ,h41 parodie is duly glossed by 'duracion1' shewing the sense intended4 ,it is from the ,o4 ,f4 fem4 sb4 peride1 or peryde1 of which ,littr gives an example in the #adth century3 ',peryode est le temps et la mesure de la duracion d'une chose2' ,oresme1 ,thse de ,meunier4 ,chaucer1 being more familiar with the prefix per- than with the ,greek ,greek3 peri-1 has dropped the i2 and the confusion between per- and par- is extremely common1 because both prefixes were denoted1 in contracted writing1 by the same symbol4 ,we may give up the old attempts at explaining the word otherwise1 as we know that the glosses are usually due to the author4 ',the end of the period of ,hector's life was nigh at hand4' ,lydgate uses the word in the same sense1 having caught it up from the present passage3-- ',when the pardye of this worthy knyght ,hector ,aproche shall1 withoute wordes mo1 ,into the fyelde playnly if he go4' ,siege of ,troye1 ,bk4 iii4 ch4 #bg2 ed4 #aeeg1 fol4 ,r #f4 ',and how that he ,ulysses mighte not escape ,the prodye that was for hym shape2 ,for ,parchas haue his laste terme set1' c4 ,id41 ,bk4 v4 ch4 #ch2 fol4 ,dd #c4 ,observe that parodye is here equated to terme4 #aeeh4 ,from ,guido2 according to whose account ,hector1 having taken a prisoner1 was conveying him through the throng1 when ,achilles thrust him through with a spear in a cowardly manner1 stealing up to him unperceived4 ,see allit4 ,dest4 of ,troy1 ll4 #hfdi-hffj2 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troy1 ,bk4 iii4 ch4 #bg1 fol4 ,s #b1 back2 ,shak4 ,troil4 v4 #f4 #bg1 #h4 #a4 #afcd4 kalendes1 an introduction to the beginning2 see note to ,bk4 ii4 #g4 #afec4 ,lollius2 this incident is in the ,filostrato1 viii4 st4 #h2 ,i do not find it in ,guido4 #affi4 word and ende1 beginning and end2 see note to ,monk4 ,ta4 ,b #ciaa2 and note to ,bk4 ii4 #adie4 #afhi4 ',to present your new love with4' #agfj4 ,see note to ,book i4 #dfc4 #agfd4 ,here the story practically ends4 ,beyond this point1 the lines taken from ,boccaccio are less than twenty4 #agga4 ,dares1 i4 e4 ,guido1 who professes to follow ,dares2 see note to ,book ,duch4 #ajgj4 #aggh4 ,i4 e4 ,chaucer was beginning to think of his ,legend of ,good ,women4 #aghf4 ,here begins the ,envoy 7interrupted by ll4 #ahjj-ahbg74 ,compare the last three lines of the ,filostrato 7ix4 #h73-- ',or va'2 ch' io prego ,apollo che ti presti ,tanto di grazia ch' ascoltata sii1 ,e con lieta risposa a me t'invii4' #aghg4 ',whereas may ,god send power to him that wrote thee to take part in composing some comedy1 before he die4' #aghi4 ',do not envy any 7other7 poetry1 but be humble4' #agia4 ,imitated from the concluding lines of the ,thebaid1 xii4 #haf3-- 'nec tu diuinam neida tenta1 ,sed longe sequere1 et uestigia semper adora4' ,the sense is--',and kiss their footsteps1 wherever you see ,vergil1 c4 pass along4' ,the reading space is ridiculous2 and1 in l4 #agib1 the names ,virgle1 c41 are accented on the second syllable4 ,steppes means 'foot-prints1' ,lat4 uestigia2 see ,leg4 ,good ,women1 #bbji4 #agib4 ,an important line4 ,chaucer1 in this poem1 has made use of ,statius 7see l4 #adhe71 ,ovid 7in many places71 ,vergil 7occasionally71 and ,homer 7not at first hand74 ,lucan seems to be mentioned only out of respect2 but see note to ,bk4 ii4 #afg4 ,he is mentioned again in ,boethius1 ,bk4 iv4 ,pr4 #f4 #aei4 #agif4 mismetre1 scan wrongly4 ,this shews that ,chaucer was conscious of his somewhat archaic style1 and that there was a danger that some of the syllables might be dropped4 #agig4 red1 read 7by a single person71 songe1 read aloud1 recited in an intoned voice4 #ahjb4 thousandes is to be taken in the literal sense4 ,on one occasion1 according to ,guido1 ,troilus slew a thousand men at once4 ,see the allit4 ,destruction of ,troy1 #ihgh2 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troy1 fol4 ,u #c1 back1 l4 #g4 #ahjf4 ,so in ,guido2 see allit4 ,destr4 of ,troy1 #ajcjb-aa2 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 ,bk4 iv4 ch4 #ca4 ,cf4 l4 #aeeh1 and the note4 #ahjg-ahbg4 ,these three stanzas are from ,boccaccio's ,teseide1 xi4 #a-c1 where1 however1 they refer to ,arcita3-- ',finito ,arcita colei nominando ,la qual nel mondo pi che altro amava1 ,l'anima lieve se ne g volando ,vr la concavit del cielo ottava3 ,degli elementi i conuessi lasciando1 ,quivi le stelle erratiche ammirava 444 ,suoni ascoltando pieni di dolcezza4 ,quindi si volse in gi a rimirare ,le cose abbandonate1 e vide il poco ,globo terreno1 a cui d'intorno il mare ,girava 444 ,ed ogni cosa da nulla stimare ,a respetto del ciel2 e in fine al loco ,l dove aveva il corpo suo lasciato ,gli occhi ferm alquanto rivoltato4 ,e fece risa de' pianti dolenti ,della turba lernea2 la vanitate ,forte dannando delle umane genti1 ,le qua' da tenebrosa cechitate ,mattamente oscurate nelle menti ,seguon del ,mondo la falsa beltate3 ,lasciando il cielo1 quindi se ne gio ,nel loco a cui ,mercurio la sortio4' holownesse translates 'concavit4' ,for seventh1 ,b4 has 'ottava1' eighth4 ,the seventh sphere is that of ,saturn1 from which he might be supposed to observe the motion of ,saturn and of all the inferior planets4 ,but surely eighth is more correct2 else there is no special sense in 'holownesse4' ,the eighth sphere is that of the fixed stars2 and by taking up a position on the inner or concave surface of this sphere1 he would see all the planetary spheres revolving within it4 7,the 'spheres' were supposed to be concentric shells1 like the coats of an onion47 ,the 'erratic stars1' or wandering stars1 are the seven planets4 ,as to the music of their spheres1 see notes to ,parl4 ,foules1 ll4 #ei and #fa4 #ahaj4 in convers leting1 leaving behind1 on the other side4 ,when1 for example1 he approached the sphere of ,mars1 it was concave to him2 after passing beyond it1 it appeared convex4 ,some modern editions of the ,teseide read connessi 7connected parts71 but the right reading is conuessi 7convex surfaces71 for which ,chaucer substitutes convers4 ,see converse in the ,new ,e4 ,dictionary4 #ahae4 ,cf4 ,parl4 ,foules1 #eg4 ,boccaccio had in mind ,cicero's ,somnium ,scipionis4 #ahbe4 sholden1 and we ought2 we is understood4 #ahbg4 sorted1 allotted2 ,ital4 'sortio4' #ahbh-ahcg4 ,chiefly from ,il ,filostrato1 viii4 #bh1 #bi4 #ahch-ahfb4 ,these lines are ,chaucer's own1 and assume a higher strain4 #ahdj4 ',this lyf1 my sone1 is but a chery-feyre4' ,hoccleve1 ,de ,regim4 ,princ4 ed4 ,wright1 p4 #dg4 ,see four more similar comparisons in ,halliwell's ,dict41 s4 v4 ,cherry-fair4 #ahef4 moral ,gower4 ,this epithet of ,gower has stuck to him ever since2 he moralises somewhat too much4 #aheg4 ,strode4 ,concerning this personage1 ,leland discovered the following note in an old catalogue of the worthies of ,merton ,college1 ,oxford3 ',radulphus ,strode1 nobilis poeta fuit et versificavit librum elegiacum vocatum ,phantasma ,radulphi4' ,in the introduction to his edition of ',pearl1' p4 l41 ,mr4 ,gollancz says3 ',this ,ralph ,strode is identical with the famous philosopher of that name whose philosophical works hold an important place in the history of medieval logic4 ,he was also famous in his time as a controversialist with ,wiclif1 and from ,wiclif ,,mss41 still unprinted1 it is possible to gain some insight into ,strode's religious views4' ,he was1 perhaps1 related to the philosopher ,n4 ,strode1 who is mentioned at the end of pt4 ii4 #dj of the ,treatise on the ,astrolabe as being the tutor1 at ,oxford1 of ,chaucer's son ,lewis4 #ahfc-e4 ,from ,dante1 ,paradiso1 xiv4 #bh-cj3-- ',quell' uno e due e tre che sempre vive1 ,e regna sempre in tre e due e uno1 ,non circonscritto1 e tutto circonscrive4' ,,additional ,,note ,,to ,,book ,,iii4 #fgd4 ,as the curious word voidee has been suppressed in all previous editions1 ,i add some more examples of it1 for some of which ,i am indebted to ,dr4 ,murray4 ,it occurs1 e4g41 in the extremely interesting account of the death of ,james ,i of ,scotland4 ',within an owre the ,kyng askid the voidee1 and drank1 the travers yn the chambure edraw y-drawe1 drawn1 and every man depairtid and went to rist'3 7#adjj7 ,,jn4 ,,shirley1 ,dethe of ,james ,stewarde1 ,kyng of ,scotys1 p4 #ac1 ed4 #ahah4 ,hence1 no doubt1 ,mr4 ,rossetti1 in his poem of ,the ,king's ,tragedy1 drew the line3--',then he called for the voidee-cup4' ',a voidy of spices'3 7#aedh7 ,hall's ,chron4 #ad ,hen4 ,,viii4 ',a voidee of spices'3 7#aegg-hg7 ,holinshed's ,chron4 vol4 iii4 p4 #hdi4 ,in ,a ,collection of ,ordinances and ,regulations for the ,royal ,household1 ,london1 #agij1 there are several examples of it4 ',the ,archbishoppe to stand on the ,kinges right hand1 and the ,king to make him a becke when hee shall take spice and wine4 ,and when the voide is donne1 then the ,king to goe into his chamber2 and all other estates to goe into their chambers1 or where it shall please them1' c43 p4 #aaa2 in ,articles ordained by ,king ,henry ,,vii4 ,at p4 #aac1 there are minute directions as to the void4 ,the chamberlain and others fetch a towel1 the cups1 and the spice-plates2 the king and the bishop take 'spice and wine1' and afterwards the lords and people are served 'largely' with spice and wine also2 after which the cups are removed4 ,at p4 #cf1 we read3 'the bourde avoyded cleared when wafyrs come with ypocras1 or with other swete wynes4 ,the ,king never taketh a voyd read voyd of comfites and other spices1 but standing4' ,at p4 #aba3 'as for the voide on twelfth day at night1 the ,king and ,queene ought to take it in the halle4' ,at the ,coronation of ,queen ,anne ,boleyn1 there was a void 'of spice-plates and wine'2 ,english ,garner1 ed4 ,arber1 ii4 #ej4 ,the voidee was1 in fact1 a sort of dessert4 ,the word spices included many things besides what it now implies4 ,in the ,ordinances above-mentioned1 there is a list of spices1 at p4 #ajc4 ,it includes pepper1 saffron1 ginger1 cloves1 maces1 cinnamon1 nutmegs1 dates1 prunes1 quinces1 comfits1 raisins1 currants1 figs1 and even rice4 ,in the ,north of ,england1 even at the present day1 it includes sweetmeats1 gingerbread1 cakes1 and dried fruits4 ,,the ,,oxford ,,edition ,,of ,,piers ,,the ,,plowman ,in two ,volumes1 demy #hvo1 pp4 civ #aaab1 uniform with this ,edition1 price #a #aas4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,vision ,,of ,,william ,,concerning ,,piers ,,the ,,plowman ,,in ,,three ,,parallel ,,texts ,,together ,,with ,,richard ,,the ,,redeless ,,by ,,william ,,langland 7,,about #acfb-acii ,a4,d47 ,,edited ,,from ,,numerous ,,manuscripts ,,with ,,preface1 ,,notes1 ,,and ,a ,,glossary ,,by ,,the ,,rev4 ,,walter ,w4 ,,skeat1 ,,litt4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,elrington ,,and ,,bosworth ,,professor ,,of ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,and ,,fellow ,,of ,,christ',s ,,college1 ,,cambridge ,,oxford ,,at ,,the ,,clarendon ,,press ,,london3 ,,henry ,,frowde ,,oxford ,,university ,,press ,,warehouse1 ,,amen ,,corner1 ,e4,c4 ,,other ,,works ,,by ,,the ,,rev4 ,,prof4 ,w4 ,w4 ,,skeat1 ,,litt4,d4 ,an ,etymological ,dictionary of the ,english ,language1 arranged on an ,historical ,basis4 ,second ,edition4 #dto1 cloth1 #bl4 #ds4 ,a ,concise ,etymological ,dictionary of the ,english ,language4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #es4 #f;d4 ,a ,list of ,english ,words the ,etymology of which is illustrated by comparison with ,icelandic4 #dto1 #bs4 ,the ,principles of ,english ,etymology4 ,crown #hvo4 ,,first ,,series4 ,the ,native ,element4 ,second ,edition4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,second ,,series4 ,the ,foreign ,element4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,a ,primer of ,english ,etymology4 #as4 #f;d4 ,specimens of ,early ,english4 ,part ,,ii4 ,from ,robert of ,gloucester to ,gower 7,a4,d4 #abih to ,a4,d4 #acic74 ,by ,r4 ,,morris1 ,,ll4,d41 and ,w4 ,w4 ,,skeat1 ,litt4 ,d4 ,third ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,specimens of ,english ,literature1 from the ',ploughman's ,crede' to the ',shepheardes ,calender' 7,a4,d4 #acid to ,a4,d4 #aegi74 ,with ,introduction1 ,notes1 and ,glossarial ,index4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,the ,vision of ,william concerning ,piers the ,plowman1 by ,,william ,,langland4 ,with ,notes1 c4 ,sixth ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,chaucer4 ,the ,prioresses ,tale2 ,sir ,thopas2 ,the ,monkes ,tale2 ,the ,clerkes ,tale2 ,the ,squieres ,tale1 c4 ,seventh ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,chaucer4 ,the ,tale of the ,man of ,lawe2 ,the ,pardoners ,tale2 ,the ,second ,nonnes ,tale2 ,the ,chanouns ,yemannes ,tale4 ,new ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,chaucer4 ,the ,minor ,poems4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,chaucer4 ,the ,legend of ,good ,women4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #fs4 ,the ,student's ,chaucer4 ,being a ,complete ,edition of the ,works1 edited from numerous ,,mss41 with ,introduction and ,glossary4 ,in one vol41 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,glossarial ,index to the above1 crown #hvo1 limp cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,chaucerian and other ,pieces1 being a ,supplementary ,volume to the above4 ,edited1 from numerous ,,mss41 by ,w4 ,w4 ,,skeat1 ,litt4,d4 #hvo1 #ahs4 ,the ,oxford ,chaucer4 ,on ,oxford ,india ,paper1 cloth extra1 #is4 #f;d4 ,the ,chaucer ,canon4 ,with a discussion of the ,works associated with the name of ,geoffrey ,chaucer4 ,crown #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,the ,tale of ,gamelyn4 ,edited with ,notes1 ,glossary1 c4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 stiff covers1 #as4 #f;d4 ,twelve ,facsimiles of ,old ,english ,,mss41 with ,transcriptions and ,introduction4 #dto1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,oxford ,,at ,,the ,,clarendon ,,press ,,london3 ,,henry ,,frowde ,,oxford ,,university ,,press ,,warehouse1 ,,amen ,,corner1 ,e4,c4 ,notes4 #a ,decline and ,fall of the ,roman ,empire1 chap4 xxxix4 ,see the whole chapter4 #b ,philosophy personified2 see ,book i1 ,prose #a1 l4 #c4 #c ,see ,book ii1 ,prose #a4 #d ,see ,book ii1 ,proses #e1 #f4 #e ,see ,book iii1 ,prose #i4 #f ,see ,book iv1 ,metre #a4 #g ,see ,book iv1 ,prose #f4 #h ,see ,book v4 #i ,see the ,romaunt of the ,rose 7in vol4 i471 ll4 #efei-efff2 and the note to l4 #effa4 ,it is also tolerably obvious1 that ,chaucer selected ,metre #e of ,book ii4 of ,boethius for poetical treatment in his ',former ,age1' because ,jean de ,meun had selected for similar treatment the very same passage2 see ,rom4 de la ,rose1 ll4 #hcie-hdjf4 #aj ,there is a copy of this in the ,british ,museum1 ,,ms4 ,addit4 #ajcda4 #aa ,,ms4 ,harl4 #dd 7,wlker72 not ,,ms4 ,harl4 #dc1 as in ,warton1 who has confused this ,,ms4 with that next mentioned4 #ab ,,ms4 ,harl4 #dc 7,wlker72 not ,,ms4 ,harl4 #dd1 as in ,warton4 #ac ,there is a better copy than either of the above in ,,ms4 ,royal #ah ,a4 xiii4 ,the ,b4 ,m4 ,catalogue of the ,royal ,,mss41 by ,casley1 erroneously attributes this translation to ,lydgate4 ,and there is yet a fourth copy1 in ,,ms4 ,sloane #eed4 ,the ,royal ,,ms4 begins1 more correctly3--',in suffisaunce of cunnyng and of wyt4' #ad ,,ms4 i4 #ec4 #ae ,,ms4 ,b4 #e4 ,there is yet another ,,ms4 in the library of ,trinity ,college1 ,oxford1 no4 #ge2 and others in the ,bodleian ,library 7,,ms4 ,rawlinson #aea71 in the ,cambridge ,university ,library 7,gg4 iv4 #ah71 and in the ,phillipps collection 7as in note #e below74 #af ',the ,boke of ,comfort1 translated into ,englesse tonge4 ,enprented in the exempt ,monastery of ,tavestok in ,denshyre1 by me1 ,dan ,thomas ,rychard1 ,monke2 #aebe4 #dto4'--,lowndes4 #ag ,the ,,ms4 is now in the collection of ,sir ,thomas ,phillipps2 no4 #ajii4 #ah ,he here implies that ,chaucer's translation was by no means the only one then in existence2 a remarkable statement4 #ai ,,ms4 inserts full1 needlessly4 #bj ,perhaps read ,in4 #ba ,,ms4 neye4 #bb ,,ms4 hymself4 #bc ,,ms4 theym self4 #bd ,printed feldes by ,mr4 ,stewart4 #be ,observe that this line is due to ,chaucer's gloss1 not to his text4 #bf ,,ms4 ,thisee 7674 #bg ,,ms4 hem self4 #bh ,printed thise by ,mr4 ,stewart4 #bi ,,ms4 ,this 7giving no sense74 #cj ,mr4 ,stewart omits thus4 #ca ,,ms4 parelous 7674 ,this shews that ,walton's text can be corrected by ,chaucer's4 #cb ,yet we must remember that ',the ,former ,age' only reproduces a part of this ,metre2 and that it also introduces a passage from ,jerome1 besides reminiscences of ,ovid and of ,le ,roman de la ,rose2 as shewn in the notes4 #cc ,mr4 ,stewart adds another instance1 from ,bk4 iii4 met4 #e4 #e3-- ,and that the last ile in the see ,that hight ,tyle1 be thral to thee4 ,i hope this was unintentional1 for they are poor verses4 ,it is higher praise to say that1 especially in the ,metres1 ,chaucer's prose often flows well1 with a certain melody of its own4 ,mr4 ,stewart also gives some instances in which he supposes that ,chaucer 'actually reproduces the original ,latin metre2' but they are imperfect and unintended4 #cd ,mr4 ,stewart quotes this as3 'a long unagreable dwellynges2' but 'draweth a-long' is a fair translation of 'protrahit4' #ce #cfe is the number of the line2 see p4 #afd below4 ,i refer to ,boethius by the letter ',b4'1 meaning the text as printed in the present volume1 giving the line of the text as well as the number of the ,prose or ,metre1 so that every passage can easily be found4 #cf ,the prefixed asterisk marks a doubtful or wrong instance4 #cg ,i omit the comparison of ,bk4 iii4 ll4 #h-ad with ,boethius2 for the whole stanza is copied from the ,filostrato1 ,bk4 iii4 st4 #ge4 ,also1 that of l4 #cgc with ,b4 iii4 met4 #i4 #a2 for l4 #cgc is copied from the ,filostrato1 ,bk4 iii4 st4 #ae4 #ch ,i omit mention of l4 #bhci 7compared with ,b4 ii4 met4 #c4 #ad72 for it is taken from the ,teseide1 ,bk4 ix1 #aj1 #aa4 #ci ,the three points are3 7#a7 ,avarice is insatiable1 l4 #bcba1 which answers to 'finem quaerendi non inuenit1' quoted as from ,seneca1 but really from ,palladius2 see ,albertani ,brixiensis ,liber ,consolationis1 ed4 ,t4 ,sundby1 p4 #cg3 7#b7 ,good and evil are two contraries1 l4 #bdgi2 compare the same1 p4 #if3 7#c7 ,fortune the nurse1 l4 #bfce1 translated from 'fortuna usque nunc me fouit'2 see the same1 p4 #hi4 #dj ,i have noted a few inaccuracies1 chiefly due to confusion of c and t 7which are written alike71 and to abbreviations4 ,at p4 #b1 l4 #ac1 for 'procede' read 'percede4' ,at p4 #i1 l4 #bh1 for 'basilicis' read 'basilius4' ,at p4 #aa1 l4 #cb1 read 'auauntede4' ,at p4 #ab1 l4 #aj1 read 'conuict'2 c4 ,cf4 note to ,bk4 v4 pr4 #f4 #hb4 #da ,here recte is miswritten for recta1 clearly because the scribe was still thinking of the latter syllable of the preceding sponte4 ,but observe that ,ch4 has 'the rightes1' a translation of recta4 ,this proves at once that ,chaucer did not use this particular copy as his original2 and of course the peculiar mode in which it is written precludes such a supposition4 ,but ,i believe it to be copied from ,chaucer's copy1 all the same4 #db ,this shews how entirely wrong an editor would be who should change the forms into ,atrides and ,agamemnon2 unless1 indeed1 he were to give due notice4 ,for it destroys the evidence4 ,note also1 that ,agamenon is the usual ,m4 ,e4 form4 ,it appears as ,agamenoun in ,troil4 iii4 #chb4 #dc ,hence it is easy to see that when ,chaucer's glosses agree1 as they sometimes do1 with those in ,notker's ,old ,high ,german version or in any other version1 the agreement is due to the fact that both translators had similar ,latin glosses before them4 #dd ,my text has thonder-light1 as in the ,,mss42 but leyte or leyt is better2 see note to the line 7p4 #dbb71 and see above1 p4 xlii1 l4 #h4 #de ,there is a later edition by ,peiper1 said to be the best2 but it is out of print1 and ,i failed to obtain a copy4 ,but ,i have also collated the ,latin text in the ,delphin edition1 ed4 ,valpy1 #ahbc1 and the edition by ,renatus ,vallinus1 #afef2 both of these contain useful notes4 #df ,mr4 ,rossetti has a note1 shewing that ,prof4 ,morley's figures are incorrect4 ,he himself reckons ,troilus as containing #hbdf lines1 because the number of stanzas in ,book ,v4 of ,dr4 ,furnivall's print of ,,ms4 ,harl4 #cidc is wrongly given as #bfh instead of #bfg4 #dg ,for a fuller comparison with this poem1 see #ba below2 p4 lxv4 #dh ,lydgate accepts ,chaucer's view without question4 ,he says--',and of this syege wrote eke ,lollius'2 ,siege of ,troye1 ed4 #aeee1 fol4 ,b #b1 back4 #di ,usually called ,guido de ,colonna1 probably because he was supposed to belong to a famous family named ,colonna2 but his name seems to have been taken from the name of a place 7see note #a on p4 lvi74 ,my quotations from ,guido are from ,,ms4 ,mm4 #e4 #ad1 in the ,cambridge ,university ,library4 #ej ,he refers to the story of ,troy as existing 'in the ,latyn and the ,frenshe'2 ,siege of ,troye1 fol4 ,b #a1 back2 and explains 'the ,latyn' as ',guido4' #ea ,in an ,italian work entitled ',testi ,inediti di ,storia ,trojana1' by ,e4 ,gorra1 ,turin1 #ahhg1 a passage is quoted at p4 #acg1 from ,book ,,xiii of ,guido1 which says that ,terranova1 on the ,s4 coast of ,sicily1 was also called 'columpne ,herculis1' and ,gorra suggests that this was the place whence ,guido derived his name 'delle ,colonne4' ,at any rate1 ,guido was much interested in these 'columns'2 see ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 fol4 ,m #d4 ,i think ,tropus1 from ,gk4 ,greek3 tropaia1 may refer to these column2 or ,guido may have been connected with ,tropea1 on the ,w4 coast of ,calabria1 less than fifty miles from ,messina1 where he was a judge4 #eb ',homerus 444 fingens multa que non fuerunt1 et que fuerunt aliter transformando'2 ,prologus4 ,see the ,e4 translation in the ,gest ,hystoriale1 or alliterative ,troy-book1 ll4 #ch-dg2 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 fol4 ,b #b4 #ec ,see allit4 ,troy-book1 ll4 #fj-gi4 #ed ,see allit4 ,troy-book1 ll4 #cibb-cd2 ,lydgate1 ,siege of ,troye1 fol4 ,f #c1 back4 #ee ,,ms4 penatos4 #ef ,the mention of ,escaphilo1 i4e4 ,ascalaphus1 in ,book ,v4 #cai1 was perhaps suggested by the mention of ,ascalaphus by ,guido 7after ,dictys1 i4 #ac1 ,homer1 ,il4 ii4 #eab7 as being one of the ,grecian leaders2 see allit4 ,troy-book1 l4 #djfg4 #eg ,i4 e4 glove2 from ,gk4 ,greek3 cheir1 hand1 and ,greek3 thk1 case4 #eh ,put for xenium 7,greek3 xenion71 a gift1 present4 #ei ,cf4 ',and save hir browes ioyneden y-fere'2 ,troil4 v4 #hac4 #fj ,talke is not in the ,glossary4 ,as lk is a common way of writing kk 7as shewn in my paper on ',ghost-words' for the ,phil4 ,soc471 the word is really takke1 a variant of take2 and the sense is 'let him take4' #fa ,lydgate began his ,troy-book on ,oct4 #ca1 #adab1 and finished it in #adbj2 see this shewn in my letter to the ,academy1 ,may #g1 #ahib4 #fb ,hence it was not written by ,sir ,hugh ,eglintoun1 if he died either in #acgf or #acha2 see ,pref4 to allit4 ,troy-book1 pp4 xvii1 xxv4 #fc ,,ms4 to disport2 but to is needless4 #fd ,,ms4 ,i for2 ,i is needless4 #fe ,two false rimes2 ye and aweye2 dispyt and bright 7correctly1 bright e74 #ff ,not clene1 as in the ,st4 ,john's ,,ms4 and in the ,phillipps ,,ms42 for ,chaucer never rimes clene 7with open e7 with such words as grene1 quene 7with close e72 see1 on this point1 the remarks on my ,rime-,index to ,troilus1 published for the ,chaucer ,society4 ,,ms4 ,harl4 #bcib likewise has sheene1 a word in which the long e is of 'variable' quality4 #fg ,some guess that it means ',tres gentil ,chaucer4' ,but this seems to me very improbable1 if not stupid4