,,tra9+ ,,= ,,! ,,tr5*es ,,leslie ,,vick]s ,illu/ration3 ,,briti% ,,tank ,,9 ,,action ,,tra9+ ,,= ,,! ,,tr5*es ,a ,,practical ,,h&book ,,bas$ ,,^u ,,p]sonal ,,exp]i5ce ,,dur+ ,,! ,,fir/ ,,two ,,ye>s ,,( ,,! ,,w> ,,9 ,,france ,,by ,,capta9 ,,leslie ,,vick]s ,,late ,,lieut4 ,,sea=? ,,highl&]s ,,lectur] ,,9 ,,tr5* ,,w>f>e1 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,milit>y ,,s]vice1 ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,george ,h4 ,,doran ,,company ,,copyright1 #aiag1 ,,by ,,george ,h4 ,,doran ,,company ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,to ,,lieut4 ,,gordon ,,al=d ,,( ,,! ,,anzacs1 ,a ,,v ,,gallant ,,soldi]1 ,a ,,boyhood ,,fri5d1 ,,:o ,,made ,,! ,,great ,,sacrifice ,,on ,,! ,,somme1 ,,augu/1 ,,n9ete5-,,sixte5 ,,introduction ,s9ce ! ,great ,european ,w> broke out1 pr9t+ presses h be5 busy produc+ text books1 h&books & guides = soldi]s4 ,milit>y au?orities & civilians alike h come to realise t ?is w> has *ang$ _m ( our old conceptions ( /rategy & t x has introduc$ conditions t are entirely unprec$5t$4 ,new me?ods h _h to be devis$--sometimes on ! field itself 9 ! mid/ ( ! greate/ difficulties--= meet+ new & novel me?ods ( w>f>e4 ,e deadly eng9e ( de/ruction has call$ =? "s new inv5tion to cope ) x4 ,soldi]s h _h to live & fight "u conditions t to ! lay m9d1 or to ! m9d ( ! milit>y m5 ( a few ye>s ago1 w\ld seem to be impossible4 ,x is reasonable to assume t ! inv5tive g5ius ( ! _w w be turn$ m & m 9 ! direction ( ! problem ( h[ to con/ruct /ill m t]rible ma*9es ( de/ruction4 ,! next w>1 if !re be "o1 is n likely to be any less fe>ful ?an ! pres5t1 s t ! soldi] :o is call$ ^u to engage 9 x w require to "k ! lessons t h be5 le>n$ 9 ?is w>4 ,! au?or hopes t f a fairly long tra9+ 9 ,engl& 9 prep>ation = "w 9 ,france1 & f "s mon?s 9 ! tr5*es on ! ,we/]n ,briti% front1 he may be able to (f] sugge/ions t w be ( value to m5 :o are tra9+ !mselves ) a view to becom+ effici5t soldi]s4 ,he s5ds ?is little book =?1 n z a treatise on w>1 nor yet z a sci5tific h&book4 ,he m]ely desires x to s]ve to br+ home lessons t are sometimes too de>ly b\ght4 ,exp]i5tia docet is ! prov]b t we us$ to write 9 our copy books1 & he w feel t he is repaid if1 f 8 exp]i5ce1 o!rs are enabl$ to le>n4 ,:ile he tru/s t !re w be _m vet]an soldi]s & in/ructors :o w be glad to h ?is in=mation 9 conv5i5t =m1 he int5ds ?is little book prim>ily = ! use ( ^? :o are civilians 9 ! process ( becom+ soldi]s4 ,l4 ,v4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,civilian ,,& ,,! ,,soldi] #ae ,,ii4 ,,heal? #ba ,,iii4 ,,disease #cc ,,iv4 ,,v]m9 #df ,v4 ,,heal? ,,& ,,(fic]s #ej ,,vi4 ,,cov] ,,& ,,tr5*es #fb ,,vii4 ,,protection ,,( ,,tr5*es #hj ,,viii4 ,,artill]y ,,fire #ij ,,ix4 ,,gas ,,& ,,liquid ,,fire #ig ,x4 ,,! ,,attack--,,def5ce #aja ,,xi4 ,,! ,,attack--,,(f5ce #ajd ,,xii4 ,,equipm5t ,,= ,,! ,,field #aaf ,,xiii4 ,,tricks ,,= ,,! ,,tr5*es #abd ,,illu/rations ,,page ,,briti% ,,tank ,,9 ,,action ,frontispiece ,,figure #a4 ,,%[+ ,,use ,,( ,,natural ,,cov] ,,by ,,soldi] ,,ly+ ,,d[n #bb #b4 ,,%[+ ,,use ,,( ,,s&bag ,,& ,,e>? ,,= ,,protection #bb #c4 ,,%[+ ,,position ,,( ,,body ,,beh9d ,,e>?1 ,,& ,,direction ,,( ,,fire ,,r\nd ,,"r ,,side ,,( ,,cov] #bf #d4 ,,tr5* ,,sy/em ,,%[+ ,,fire1 ,,support ,,& ,,res]ve ,,tr5*es2 ,,r$\bts2 ,,communicat+ ,,tr5*es2 ,,saps2 ,,li/5+ ,,po/s1 ,,etc4 #bh #e4 ,,%[+ ,,me?od ,,( ,,cutt+ ,,tr5*2 ,,p>apet ,,& ,,p>ados2 ,,dra9age #bh #f4 ,,%[+ ,,revett+2 ,,floor+ ,,made ,,( ,,bo>ds ,,& ,,*ick5 ,,wire2 ,,dra9age #cj #g4 ,,tr5* ,,) ,,simple ,,dug\t ,,"u ,,p>apet #cb #h4 ,,f9i%$ ,,dug\t1 #f',x#d',x#d' ,,) ,,deep ,,entrance ,,& ,,%rapnel-,,pro(+ #cb #i4 ,,f9i%$ ,,tr5* ,,%[+ ,,p>apet ,,& ,,p>ados2 ,,fir+ ,,/ep ,,( ,,e>?2 ,,floor+2 ,,& ,,%elt] ,,dug\t ,,"u ,,p>ados #cd #aj4 ,,ma*9e ,,gun ,,position ,,) ,,heavy ,,ov]head ,,cov] #cf #aa4 ,,simple ,,entanglem5ts ,,made ,,( ,,b>b$ ,,wire ,,& ,,r\gh ,,po/s #db #ab4 ,,tr5* ,,p]iscopes #df #ac4 ,,simple ,,loophole ,,made ,,( ,,/eel ,,plate ,,let ,,into ,,p>apet #eb #ad4 ,,ord9>y ,,h& ,,bomb ,,) ,,fuse ,,light$ ,,automatically ,,z ,,lev] ,,is ,,releas$ #eb #ae4 ,,tr5* ,,bomb ,,gun ,,fir+ ,,bomb ,,) ,,/em2 ,,& ,,tr5* ,,mort> ,,fir+ ,,l>ge ,,bomb #ed #af4 ,,simple ,,gas ,,mask ,,) ,,flutt] ,,valve ,,or ,,*eck ,,valve4 ,,ambulance ,,dogs ,,& ,,horses ,,9 ,,! ,,gas ,,zone ,,7 ,,equipp$ ,,z ,,%[n #ef #ag4 ,,briti% ,,soldi] ,,fully ,,equipp$ ,,) ,,pack1 ,,entr5*+ ,,tool1 ,,s&bags ,,& ,,/eel ,,helmet #gh ,,tra9+ ,,= ,,! ,,tr5*es ,,tra9+ ,,= ,,! ,,tr5*es ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,civilian ,,& ,,! ,,soldi] ,! *ange f civilian to soldi] is "o t is n easily accompli%$4 ,we soon f9d t !re are _m new conditions to be fac$1 _m new & uncong5ial tasks to be und]tak51 & all sorts ( /range & novel regulations to :i* we mu/ r5d] ! /ricte/ ob$i5ce4 ,9 civilian life we become ?or\ghly indep5d5t4 ,we come & g m or less z we please4 ,we d n usually ask ! p]mission ( any "o if we wi% to dep>t a little f our cu/om>y habits4 ,n s9ce we left s*ool h we answ]$ to roll-calls to any consid]able ext5t1 & only 9 ! summ]time1 = ! fun ( x1 h we done our own h\sekeep+ & submitt$ to dome/ic duties4 ,9 civilian life we h be5 all[$ to "w out our own salvation1 & if we h be5 "p ( a ma*9e at all x has be5 a huge social ma*9e 9 :i* we did n figure z a cog b r z an atta*m5t4 ,9 milit>y life ?+s are all *ang$4 ,we become at once cogs 9 ! great ma*9e4 ,we h a def9ite "w to p]=m4 ,! smoo? runn+ ( ! plant dep5ds on u4 ,we lose mu* ( our indep5d5ce4 ,we realise t o!r cogs dep5d on u1 &1 fur!r1 t !re are _m bigg] cogs :o drive u & ^: bigness & au?ority we mu/ ?or\ghly appreciate & recognise4 ,9 my own exp]i5ce1 aft] "s ye>s ( be+ my own ma/] to ! degree t only ! pr(essional man und]/&s1 ,i f\nd x mu* to my dislike to be oblig$ to get p]mission be=e ,i c\ld leave ! camp gr\nds = half an h\r4 ,a s5try ) a fix$ bayonet help$ me a little 9 ! appreciation ( my new circum/ances1 & :5 9 a few days' "t ,i 0 ! s5try myself1 x did me ! _w ( good & took ! edge (f my displeasure4 ,aga9 x is n to ! lik+ ( ! ord9>y man to be told t he mu/ rise at a c]ta9 h\r1 & mu* less is x to 8 lik+ to be told t he mu/ be 9 b$ at a c]ta9 h\r aft] :i* talk+ is consid]$ a misdemean\r & is puni%able4 ,b a few weeks ( en=c$ e>ly ris+ makes "o give ?anks = ! pure fre% air ( ! small h\rs ( ! day2 & a few days ( h>d physical ex]tion 9 ! process ( tra9+ makes a man glad to con=m to ! rule ( e>ly to b$1 & gives him reason to class z a nuisance ! man :o talks aft] ,lights ,out & ?us prev5ts him f sleep+4 ,9 civilian life1 too1 a man usually *ooses ) scrupul\s c>e 8 roommate or mates4 ,9 ! army "o may be plac$ 9 a t5t or a billet ) m5 :o are by no means cong5ial1 unless he is lucky en\gh to h be5 able to jo9 a gr\p ( companions :o =m a unit4 ,b ev5 ! exp]i5ce ( hav+ uncong5ial companions is n altoge!r )\t its comp5sations2 = e civilian f9ds t he has ne$ ( re>rang+ 8 e/imates ( m5 :5 he ent]s ! army4 ,! soon] our own corn]s are rubb$ (f ! bett]1 & _m ( !m are inevitably rubb$ (f :5 we are t5 or ?irte5 9 a t5t6 ,! quality t is ! salvation ( ! volunte] is 8 ke5ness4 ,we volunte] because we are ke5 & we w\ld be a%am$ to be o!rwise4 ,! rules & regulations ( army life are liable to try our temp]s & our pati5ce4 ,!re may come times :5 we "q v s]i\sly ! wisdom ( hav+ jo9$ up4 ,!re may be occasions :5 we ?or\ghly despise our s5iors & conclude t ev]y?+ milit>y 0 arrang$ = our oppression4 ,bit by bit we %all lose ! conviction t we "k x all already1 & z k increases )9 u1 we %all appreciate m & m ! k & exp]i5ce ( ^? plac$ ov] u4 ,regulations & ev5 r$ tape w be se5 to h a wise purpose1 ?\gh1 to ! end ( our days1 we may long = "s (ficial scissors to cut x4 ,! *ange f civilian to soldi] is produc$ 9 "o way only--,,! ,,le>n+ ,,( ,,ob$i5ce4 ,?is is ! fir/ & la/ lesson4 ,! civilian is only ob$i5t 9 c]ta9 ways & to a limit$ ext5t4 ,! soldi] is ob$i5t 9 e way & to any ext5t1 ev5 to dea?4 ,x w\ld be wrong ( me to indicate t ! habit ( implicit ob$i5ce comes easily to ! av]age man4 ,x is difficult to acquire4 ,b x is ! s9e qua non ( a good soldi] & mu/ be acquir$4 ,x is ! he>t ( ! sy/em4 ,ob$i5ce is giv5 to "s "o by e rank 9 ! army1 f ! highe/ g5]al to ! humble/ private4 ,:5 we h le>n$ ob$i5ce we ne$ to le>n discipl9e--= ! two words d n mean exactly ! same ?+4 ,discipl9e may be ( two k9ds4 ,fir/ ( all !re is ,,self-,,discipl9e4 ,?is includes ! re/ra9t ( selfi%ness2 ! cultivation ( ! _s ( comrade%ip1 g5]osity & ?\ghtfulness2 ! cultivation ( habits ( mod]ation 9 smok+1 dr9k+1 etc42 & ! elim9ation ( ^? vices t t5d to rob u ( our /r5g? or impair ! cle>ness ( our ?9k+4 ,!n !re is1 secondly1 ,,army ,,discipl9e1 :i* includes ob$i5ce1 ?or\ghness1 common s5se & res\rcefulness4 ,?is "q is dealt ) at l5g? 9 milit>y h&books & ne$s few words f me4 ,! po9t to rememb] is t tra9+ = mod]n w> is a s]i\s bus9ess1 n to be ent]$ ^u lightly1 nor reg>d$ z a c9*4 ,a man mu/ fir/ ( all be fit 9 body to be able to )/& ! _m physical h>d%ips t he w be sure to enc\nt]4 ,!n he mu/ be fit 9 m9d to provide him ) ! imag9ation & ! res\rcefulness t he w c]ta9ly be call$ on to %[4 ,8 he>t mu/ be /rong n only 9 ! op9ion ( ! surgeon b 9 ! op9ion ( ^? :o judge 8 all-r\nd manhood4 ,he mu/ be tra9$ 9 su* a way t he w be able to /& n only ! physical b ! n]v\s /ra9 z well4 ,a visit to ! hospitals 9 ,engl& & ,france w provide ! spectacle ( r[ aft] r[ ( b$s conta9+ m5 :o h nev] be5 w\nd$ b ^: n]ves h gone to pieces 9 ! /ra9 ( mod]n w>f>e4 ,rememb] to take y\r tra9+ s]i\sly--x pays4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,heal? ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 once said1 ,be sob] & temp]ate & y w be heal?y4 ,?is is 9 ! ma9 true & is excell5t advice = ! soldi]4 ,b !re are ills t are liable to affect ! fight+ man 9 spite ( 8 temp]ance & sobriety & ( ^! we mu/ speak4 ,! heal? ( m5 9 ! army is1 on ! av]age1 mu* bett] ?an t ( individuals outside ( x4 ,?is is due to _m causes *ief ( :i* is ! fact t only heal?y m5 are admitt$ to ! army4 ,!n ! out-(-door life1 regul> & :olesome food1 suffici5t ex]cise & e>ly to b$ & e>ly to rise t5d to keep him well4 ,if he ent]s ! army fit1 he mu/ make x 8 bus9ess to rema9 fit & x w be well to rememb] t an ounce ( prev5tion is wor? a p\nd ( cure4 ,to pres]ve good heal? is 8 ,,duty = only ?us c he become an effici5t soldi]4 ,if ! bodily resi/ance is weak5$1 man becomes prey to ! millions ( g]ms t are to be f\nd 9 ! air & ev5 )9 8 own sy/em4 ,:5 he is heal?y ! body is able to keep !m 9 subjection1 b once let him p]mit 8 sy/em to run d[n & ^! armies ( microbes w attack him ) all _! =ces4 ,n[ let u beg9 fir/ ( all ) ,,bodily ,,cleanl9ess4 ,no soldi] c come on p>ade unless 8 face & h&s be clean4 ,%av+1 ?\gh sometimes a bore1 is an excell5t me?od ( keep+ ! face clean & fre%4 ,x t5ds to sm>t5 a man1 & (fic]s are n sl[ to pick out ! c>eful f ! slov5ly soldi]4 ,we us$ to res]ve ! unpleasant tasks ( ! camp--latr9e duties among/ o!rs--= m5 :o w\ld n keep _! h&s & faces clean4 ,b !re are o!r p>ts ( ! body to :i* x is j z necess>y to apply cleans+ me?ods regul>ly ev5 ?\gh no milit>y puni%m5t foll[s ! violation ( ! rule4 ,fir/ ( ^! t ,i w\ld m5tion is ! ,,tee?4 ,soldi]s1 ,i f9d1 are v c>eless 9 ?is matt] till ! fir/ ?+ y "k is t someone is abs5t f p>ade because ( ! too?a*e4 ,on "o occasion 9 ! tr5*es1 :5 we 7 v %ort h&$1 an (fic] _h to leave u = a week to g to ! hospital ) a badly abscess$ too? due entirely to neglect4 ,clean+ ! tee? night & morn+ fre%5s ! m\? & makes food ta/e bett]4 ,an excell5t cu/om is to r9se ! m\? aft] e meal1 & :ile ?is may (t5 be inconv5i5t x c be done if a soldi] rememb]s to wa% 8 m\? out ) ! fir/ sip ( wat] e "t he takes a dr9k4 ,if ! tee? are all[$ to get v bad a man's dige/ion suff]s & he falls ill4 ,?is robs ! army ( "p ( its fight+ /r5g?1 a result :i* e soldi] has an int]e/ 9 avoid+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #a3 ,%[+ use ( natural cov] by soldi] ly+ d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #b3 ,%[+ use ( s&bag & e>? = protection4 ,,hair4 ,no bett] advice c be giv5 to ! soldi] on ?is subject ?an cut x %ort4 ,! %ort] ! bett]1 = :5 x is %ort x is easy to keep clean bo? f body dirt & v]m94 ,9 ?is w> soldi]s h almo/ inv>iably _h ! clipp]s run completely ov] _! heads4 ,soap & wat] are z good = ! head z = any o!r "p ( ! body4 ,,trunk4 ,x is n always possible = soldi]s to get a %[] or plunge e day1 b a small sponge c>ri$ z "p ( ! equipm5t w help a good deal4 ,9 ,france1 :]e ! wat] 0 sc>ce1 we _h to make x g a long way4 ,:5 ! enemy p]mitt$1 ,i us$ to get my regul> morn+ ba? ) ! aid ( ! sponge & ab\t a sauc]ful ( wat]4 ,i felt l a can>y dur+ ! process & want$ to *irp & flap my w+s4 ,soldi]s %\ld be enc\rag$ to g 9 swimm+ :5ev] circum/ances p]mit4 ,to g 9 swimm+ 0 n a milit>y ord] 9 my regim5t1 b we us$ to take ! m5 to ! sea & !n ask :o want$ to g 94 ,ab\t eighty p] c5t ( ! m5 w\ld volunte]4 ,!n we w\ld tell (f ! rema9+ tw5ty p] c5t = vigor\s physical ex]cises & aft] t5 m9utes give !m ! *oice ( cont9u+ or tak+ a plunge 9 ! sea4 ,!y all w5t 96 ,m5's objections to wat] usually come f habit & !y soon le>n to appreciate its refre%+ p[]4 ,,feet4 ,an army m>*es on its /oma*--metaphorically1 b x m>*es on its feet1 lit]ally1 z e poor infantryman kn[s4 ,& x has to d a good deal ( m>*+ 9 w> & 9 prep>ation = w>4 ,r\te ,m>*es & ,hikes are v popul> ) ! tra9+ /aff z ! soldi] w f9d1 & !y are usually plann$ by ! m5 :o ride horses6 ,s important did we consid] ! c>e ( ! feet t we us$ to h ,,toe ,,p>ades twice a week ) ! ,doctor 9 att5dance4 ,m5 ) neglect$ feet 7 consid]$ z c&idates = cookh\se g>bage duty1 & 7 promptly assign$ to ?is task4 ,9 ! fir/ place feet mu/ be comp>atively clean--soap & wat] recomm5d$6 ,!n !y %\ld be free f corns4 ,?is is n s easy to accompli%4 ,p>+ ) a knife helps1 b if !y get too bad ! doctor or ! *iropodi/ %\ld be consult$4 ,ano!r frequ5t s\rce ( tr\ble is neglect$ toe nails4 ,! be/ way is to cut !m /raight across1 n too f> d[n1 b s z to keep !m f te>+ ! sock or cramp+ ! foot 9 ! boot4 ,bli/]s sometimes arise on ! feet4 ,!y %\ld be treat$ at once1 ma9ly by remov+ ! cause--:i* may be 9 ! boot itself or ! sock--& !n by ba?+ !m 9 a solution ( boric acid4 ,if ! socks are kept oil$1 or ev5 if small pieces ( soap are put into ! boots1 ?is condition w1 9 l>ge measure1 be avoid$4 ,i h se5 _m a pitiful case ( m5 trail+ along ! road well 9 re> ( _! company1 limp+ & hobbl+ z be/ !y c\ld1 all due to ! fact t !y _h n paid ! att5tion to _! feet t !y mu/ if ! feet are to d ! "w = :i* ! army calls4 ,a few m9utes att5tion p] day giv5 to ^! po9ts w1 ,i am confid5t1 help to procure & ma9ta9 heal? = ! soldi]4 ,b all 8 c>e w be wa/$ unless t :i* he takes inside 8 body is :olesome--food & dr9k4 ,9 camps ! soldi] usually has all 8 food cook$ = him1 & x is ! duty ( 8 (fic]s to see t x is good 9 quality1 suffici5t 9 quantity1 & reasonably well cook$4 ,z ! soldi] does ! s]v+ himself1 t is entirely 8 own look\t4 ,9 ! tr5*es x is n possible to h ?+s arrang$ z "o has 9 camp4 ,! regim5tal cook]s 7 usually /ation$ ab\t ?ree miles f ! fir+ l9e--= _! safety--& all ! food 0 cook$ !re & s5t up to ! l9es 9 boxes or s&bags1 & apportion$ to ! v>i\s platoons accord+ to ! numb] ( m5 on ! /r5g?4 ,?ree times a week ! cooks 7 giv5 fre% meat to prep>e = u--:5 ! ,gov]nm5t says x is fre% x is fre% ev5 9 ,summ] "t & :5 ! flies h be5 busy--& = ! o!r days we subsi/$ on cann$ meats or bully beef z x 0 call$4 ,! meat 0 ei!r bak$ or boil$1 ?\gh sometimes we got a /ew--9 camp we got too _m /ews6 ,potatoes 7 boil$1 usually 9 _! jackets4 ,?is food we c\ld heat 9 ! tr5*es 9 our individual cook+ app>atus1 :i* also s]v$ to cook our ration ( bacon = breakfa/1 :ile 9 ! upp] "p ( ! t9 we made tea4 ,( c\rse 9 ! tr5*es we _h to eat :atev] we c\ld get1 b our lot 0 reliev$ consid]ably by ! arrival ( delicacies f ,engl& by ! p>cel po/4 ,?is sometimes subject$ u to ! temptation t we 7 "u :ile 9 tra9+1 & t 0 to eat pa/ry & su*like food1 :i*1 :ile v appetis+1 is n to be recomm5d$ z a diet = ! soldi]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #c3 ,%[+ position ( body beh9d e>?1 & direction ( fire r\nd "r side ( cov]4 ,on ! "q ( ,,dr9k my views h become v pron\nc$ s9ce my exp]i5ce ) ! army4 ,und\bt$ly ! be/ univ]sal dr9k = ! soldi] is tea--pref]ably weak4 ,i %\ld say wat] 7 x always possible to get wat] t is pure4 ,b dur+ a campaign pure wat] is a luxury4 ,by mak+ ! wat] into tea y make sure t x gets boil$1 & by ! addition ( tea y get a bev]age t has n ! insipid sickly flav\r ( boil$ or /]ilis$ wat]4 ,c(fee is pref]r$ by ,am]icans1 ,i "k1 b !re are dang]s to be recognis$ especially by ^? ^: he>ts are incl9$ to be weak4 ,) reg>d to alcohol ,i w\ld mo/ he>tily recomm5d total ab/95ce4 ,i ne$ sc>cely rem9d ,am]ican read]s t !re is n a s+le front rank baseball manag] t all[s 8 m5 to indulge 9 alcohol4 ,f my own exp]i5ce ,i c\ld tell ( _m m5 :o 7 p]man5tly r5d]$ unfit z soldi]s ?r\gh fooli% indulg5ce4 ,( ! m5 :o 7 br\ght be=e ! ,colonel = m or less s]i\s crimes1 #ij p] c5t ( !m ow$ _! humiliation directly to alcohol1 & #e p] c5t ( !m to alcohol indirectly4 ,i "k t x is possible = "s m5 to take alcohol 9 mod]ation4 ,n _m cont9ue to d s1 & soon] or lat] !re is almo/ c]ta9 to be an ov]9dulg5ce4 ,9 ! ,briti% army m5 7 s5t5c$ to ! extreme p5alty--dea?--= be+ intoxicat$ :ile on active s]vice 9 ,france4 ,i say )\t hesitation t ! be/ m5 ,i _h 7 ! ab/a9]s & ! wor/ m5 ,i _h 7 ! dr9k]s4 ,alcohol weak5s ! tissues ( ! body1 x l[]s its vitality & makes x an easy victim to disease1 & worse /ill1 x rapidly obscures ! m9d4 ,= a w> ( ! k9d t is be+ wag$ 9 ,europe a man ne$s to h 8 head v cle>1 & ?is he _c d if he is ! victim ( ! alcohol habit4 ,_m total ab/a9]s f alcohol are tempt$ to take gassy dr9ks1 fizzes & s =?4 ,^! t5d to %ort5 ! w9d & %\ld !re=e be avoid$4 ,if pla9 wat] has to be drunk1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t x is reasonably pure1 & all vessels su* z wat] bottles %\ld be ?or\ghly r9s$ ea* "t be=e us+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #d3 ,tr5* sy/em %[+ fire1 support & res]ve tr5*es2 r$\bts2 communicat+ tr5*es2 saps2 li/5+ po/s1 etc4 ,:5 ^! simple rules ( eat+ & dr9k+ are foll[$ _m ( ! dang]s incid5tal to army life w be avoid$1 & physical fitness e/abli%$4 ,a k9dr$ subject is t ( ,,smok+4 ,?is habit has become s univ]sal 9 ! ,briti% army t x is almo/ true to say t e "o smokes4 ,f my own exp]i5ce ,i h se5 v few ill effects f x except 9 cases ( obvi\s ov]9dulg5ce4 ,b und\bt$ly x is easy to ov]do ! cig>ette bus9ess1 & on ?is po9t ,i w\ld utt] a ^w ( w>n+4 ,pipes are to be pref]r$1 ?\gh ,i admit x is difficult to get m5 to smoke any?+ else ?an cig>ettes 9 ! tr5*es4 ,9 ! monotony & /ra9 ( tr5* life1 & f ! ne$ to d some?+ to keep ! /5* ( decay+ bodies f ! no/rils1 m5 d smoke to excess4 ,!re is "s excuse !re1 b dur+ tra9+ at home e man mu/ endeav\r to be reasonable 9 8 indulg5ce4 ,,clo?+4 ,i h f\nd t m5 are v apt to load !mselves up ) all sorts ( useless items ( app>el4 ,9 _! endeav\r to keep w>m !y h (t5 badly ov]done x ) ! result t !y h f\nd !mselves p]spir+ & exhau/$ 9 ! mid/ ( an important piece ( physical lab\r4 ,( c\rse ! soldi] w ne$ to see to x t 8 und]clo!s are suffici5tly w>m to keep out ! extreme cold1 b x is bett] to add some?+ to ! clo?+ f "t to "t--su* z a ,c>digan wai/coat--?an to be equipp$ p]man5tly ) ! heavie/ k9d ( und]clo!s4 ,above all1 avoid ^? g>m5ts t are be+ (f]$ ext5sively to unsuspect+ m51 & :i*1 :ile !y w und\bt$ly keep y w>m1 w also prev5t ! prop] p]spiration ( ! body4 ,! body mu/ be all[$ to p]spire & ! air mu/ be all[$ to c>ry (f ! p]spiration4 ,wooll5s are ! be/ = ?is purpose1 & ?\gh ! initial co/ ( !m is r great1 !y are wor? x 9 ! long run4 ,,boots4 ,9 ! p>agraph on feet ,i c\ldn't help m5tion+ ! matt] ( boots1 b x is s important t1 at ! risk ( too great repetition1 ,i want to m5tion x aga94 ,y mu/ h boots t are "r1 o!rwise y w soon be lam$ & ?us be out ( action4 ,& e man out ( action c\nts two on a division4 ,we f\nd x advisable 9 ,france to get boots t 7 l>ge en\gh to accommodate ! feet & two pairs ( socks--"o ?9 & "o ?ick pair4 ,into ! boots we p\r$ a small quantity ( oil1 or betwe5 ! socks we put small pieces ( soap to keep ! feet 9 good condition4 ,y w f9d t ! feet mu/ be oil$ if !y are to /& ! "w ( a campaign4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #e3 ,%[+ me?od ( cutt+ tr5*2 p>apet & p>ados2 dra9age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #f3 ,%[+ rivet+2 floor+ made ( bo>ds & *ick5 wire2 dra9age4 ,b sometimes injuries are caus$ to ! feet by o!r p>ts ( ! clo?+ ( a soldi]4 ,m5 frequ5tly lac$ _! puttees or legg9s too tight & f\nd t !y suff]$ pa9s 9 ! feet--! circulation 0 be+ /opp$4 ,?is r5d]$ !m v liable to fro/bite1 ?an :i* !re is no?+ m pa9ful4 ,if !re are signs ( freez+1 remove ! boots z soon z possible & re/ore ! circulation4 ,b if ! feet are actually froz5 ! soldi] is 9 = a long & t$i\s illness1 & w be lucky if he does n ne$ to h 8 feet amputat$4 ,i am told t1 dur+ ! fir/ campaign 9 ! ,c>pa?ians1 ! ,c5tral ,p[]s lo/ #be1jjj m5 p] day ) froz5 feet4 ,be=e leav+ ?is subject to deal ) diseases & _! avoidance1 ,i w\ld l to say a ^w or two on ! cong5ial subject ( ,,re/4 ,a soldi] %\ld get z mu* ( x z he c1 consi/5t1 ( c\rse1 ) do+ 8 duty4 ,nev] /& :5 y c\ld z well be ly+ d[n4 ,?r[ y\rself on ! gr\nd :5ev] y c1 to re/1 & let ! :ole body relax4 ,:5 y are giv5 a re/ on ! roadside1 /ret* out on y\r back & brea! z deeply z y c4 ,give y\r m9d & body alike a vacation & y w feel ! b5efit ( x at ! end ( ! day4 ,don't sp5d y\r h\rs ( beauty sleep 9 talk+--get t done dur+ ! day4 ,y\r body w call = re/ aft] ! tir+ duties ( ! day & y %\ld give x all ! re/ y c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #g3 ,tr5* ) simple dug\t "u p>apet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #h3 ,f9i%$ dug\t1 #f' #d' #d' ) deep entrance & %rapnel-pro(+4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,disease ,if ! rules ( heal? set =? 9 ! =ego+ *apt] are c>efully obs]v$1 ! soldi] w be do+ ! be/ he c to keep 8 body fit4 ,he w be build+ up a res]ve ( /r5g? t w /& him 9 good /ead %\ld ! g]ms ( disease f9d entrance into 8 body4 ,b !re are times :51 9 spite ( all our precautions1 ^! little microbes get ! upp] h&1 & a long /ruggle aga9/ !m beg9s4 ,! disease t has be5 responsible = ! dea? ( armies ( soldi]s is ,,ent]ic or ,,typhoid fev]4 ,dur+ ! campaign 9 ,s\? ,africa ! ,briti% lo/ m m5 ?r\gh ! ravages ( ?is disease ?an ?r\gh bullets & %ells4 ,b dur+ ! pres5t w> !re h be5 comp>atively few cases ( ent]ic1 & ! numb] t h prov$ fatal is v small4 ,= ?is result we h to ?ank ! m$ical pr(ession t has giv5 s mu* /udy & c>e to ! p]fection ( a me?od ( combat+ ?is disease4 ,! secret has be5 f\nd to lie 9 ! inoculation ( ! soldi] ) small doses ( ! disease itself till he becomes comp>atively immune to x4 ,inoculation 0 n made compulsory 9 ! fir/ armies t 7 rais$ 9 ,engl& aft] w> broke out1 b x 0 made compulsory = m5 :o desir$ to become memb]s ( ! ,briti% ,exp$ition>y ,=ce 9 ,france4 ,mo/ m5 gladly accept$ ?is m$ical boon & subject$ !mselves to ?is simple & pa9less op]ation4 ,b !re 7 o!rs :o object$1 sometimes ?r\gh fe> ( ! pa91 & sometimes ?r\gh :at !y t]m$ consci5ti\s objections4 ,anti-,inoculation ,societies got busy & spread _! wret*$ lit]ature ?r\gh\t ! camps & made m5 ?or\ghly afraid1 bo? ( ! op]ation & ( its results4 ,to meet ?is ! ,w> ,(fice issu$ ?r\gh ! pap]s & by pamphlets1 in=mation f ! m$ical au?orities z to ! wond]ful results t _h already be5 a*iev$4 ,!y 7 able to prove beyond all dispute1 t ( ! m5 :o caught ! infection 9 ,france1 practically all ( ^? :o _h be5 inoculat$ recov]$--_! cases be+ light--:ile ^? :o _h n be5 inoculat$ became easy victims to ! disease4 ,z ! w> has progress$ ^! figures h be5 amplifi$ till n[ !re c be no "q t ! use ( ,inoculation has made ?is dread disease a ?+ to be fe>$ less ?an ! measles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #i3 ,f9i%$ tr5* %[+ p>apet & p>ados2 fir+ /ep ( e>?2 floor+2 & %elt] dug\t "u p>ados4 ,(fic]s adopt$ diff]5t me?ods 9 c\nt]act+ ! tea*+ ( ^? :o tri$ to keep ! soldi]s f submitt+4 ,"s ( !m argu$ ) ! m5 & told !m ( ! wond]ful results t _h be5 a*iev$4 ,o!rs w>n$ _! m5 t !y w\ld be left beh9d :5 ! battalion w5t to ,france4 ,= my own "p ,i adopt$ ! me?od ( s5d+ = ! m$ical m5 ^: bus9ess x 0 to adm9i/] ! dose4 ,:5 !y 7 all prep>$ ,i m>*$ 9 my m5 f "s light fatigue "w 9 :i* !y _h be5 engag$1 told !m to take (f _! coats & roll up _! sleeves1 & ?ree at a "t !y appe>$ be=e ! wait+ surgeons4 ,! bus9ess 0 ov] 9 no "t4 ,i m>*$ !m (f to a place :]e ,i c\ld talk to !m & !n acqua9t$ !m ) ! advantages ( inoculation4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( =ty-eight h\rs' fre$om f drill = ! :ole company to let _! arms limb] up put ! few t 7 disgruntl$ into good spirits aga91 & ,i 0 able to report to ! ,o4 ,c4 t #ajj p] c5t ( my m5 7 will+ to be inoculat$--& _h be5 inoculat$6 ,s little did any ( !m suff] f its effects t !y readily l9$ up 9 t5 days "t :5 !y 7 to receive ! second dose4 ,at int]vals ( two or ?ree mon?s 9 ,france ! op]ation 0 repeat$ & ,i nev] _h a s+le man on ! sick li/ f ent]ic6 ,n[1 :ile inoculation is excell5t & %\ld be insi/$ on 9 all armies1 bo? = ! sake ( ! individual soldi] & ( ^? :o associate ) him1 e possible precaution %\ld be tak5 by ! soldi] ev5 aft] ?is has be5 done4 ,all wat] = dr9k+ %\ld be look$ ^u ) suspicion4 ,nev] take any *ances = ! sake ( gett+ a ha/y dr9k4 ,_m communities h wat] supplies t are admirable & :5 milit>y op]ations are c>ri$ on !re1 ! difficulties disappe>4 ,on ! o!r h& _m places h ! mo/ abom9able wat] supply sy/ems4 ,:]e we 7 9 ,france1 ! c\ntry 0 v flat1 & consequ5tly ! dra9age poor4 ,! build+s t h\s$ ! human be+s & ! cattle & pigs on ! f>ms 7 z a rule all built ar\nd a midd5 into :i* fl[$ all ! refuse4 ,9 _m cases ! family wat] supply1 a well1 0 dug )9 ?ree feet ( ?is cesspool1 s t ! dra9age f ! latt] 0 almo/ sure to rea* ! =m]4 ,?is is ask+ = ent]ic1 & "s m5 fell victims to x be=e !y c\ld be made to realise ! dang]4 ,! be/ rule to foll[1 z we all soon le>n$1 0 to get our dr9k+ wat] exclusively f ! army wat] wagons1 = !re ! wat] _h be5 treat$ & ! dang] less5$4 ,at times we c\ld n get to ! wat] c>ts & a c]ta9 degree ( risk _h to be run4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aj3 ,ma*9e gun position ) heavy ov]head cov]4 ,n only ) wat] has ! greate/ c>e to be tak51 b also ) food4 ,flies are notori\s c>ri]s ( disease1 & consequ5tly soldi]s mu/ see to x t no food is left uncov]$4 ,nor %\ld food ev] be plac$ ne> latr9es or any place :]e !re is decay+ matt]4 ,) univ]sal inoculation1 & ) a c>eful foll[+ ( ^! simple rules laid d[n1 ! anci5t sc\rge ( ! army loses mu* ( its t]ror4 ,! task ( combat+ x lies ma9ly ) ! m$ical & sanit>y /aff1 ?\gh ! common soldi] mu/ also play 8 "p ( c>efulness4 ,"s m5 c>ri$ small /]ilis]s ) !m4 ,?is practice is n to be recomm5d$ = x is v difficult to keep ^! little ut5sils clean1 & !n !y !mselves become h>mful4 ,tabloid /]ilis]s ,i h f\nd to be effective 9 an em]g5cy4 ,^? :o h foll[$ ! hi/ory ( ! w> w rememb] h[ ! ,s]bian ,army 0 ?reat5$ ) ext9ction ?r\gh ! deadly disease call$ ,,typhus4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! army & mo/ ( ! civil population w\ld h be5 wip$ out _h x n be5 = ! timely assi/ance t t brave little nation receiv$ f m$ical m5 & wom5 ?r\gh\t ! _w1 notably ,am]ica4 ,_m ( ^! brave s\ls made ! f9al great sacrifice 9 _! endeav\r to /amp out ?is disease4 ,!n aga9 its horrors h be5 m rec5tly br\ght to our notice ?r\gh ! revelations ( ! conditions at ,witt5b]g ,camp 9 ,g]many4 ,! /ory t ,capta9 ,vidal & ,major ,prie/ly1 ,(fic]s ( ! ,royal ,army ,m$ical ,corps1 _h to tell ( _! liv+ dea? 9 t awful int]nm5t camp1 br\ght home to ! ,briti% p & !n to ! _w1 ! frightfulness ( t disease1 z well z ! inhumanity ( c]ta9 ,g]man m$ical (ficials4 ,=tunately1 typhus has be5 little kn[n 9 ,we/]n ,europe1 & x is possible t soldi]s 9 ?is c\ntry w nev] "k its ravages4 ,b all ! same x is z well to be prep>$ = x1 & to "k ! me?ods ( prev5t+ its outbreak4 ,x is a disease t is c>ri$ by flees & lice & consequ5tly ! mo/ t c be said 9 a "w ( ?is k9d is to recomm5d ! greate/ pa9s 9 ! removal ( ^! creatures f ! body %\ld !y ev] take up _! resid5ce !re4 ,i ref] ! read] to ! *apt] on ,v]m9 = me?ods ( combat+ ,lice4 ,,dys5t]y1 ,,ent]itis1 & ,,colitis4 ,^! names are appli$ to v>i\s k9ds & grades ( /oma* tr\bles1 betwe5 :i* x is difficult = ! common soldi] to diff]5tiate1 & :i* %[ !mselves ) mo/ di/ress+ effects4 ,!y come1 usually1 f dr9k+ bad wat] or eat+ bad food4 ,ev5 ) ! greate/ c>e t ! ,commiss>iat c\ld take1 !re 7 occasions :5 food unfit = human consumption 0 s]v$ to ! troops4 ,9 ! tr5*es x 0 n to be wond]$ at t we 7 /rick5 ) ^! diseases1 = ! flies t infe/$ ! tr5*es & liv$ on ! dead bodies !re1 fav\r$ u ) _m visits at food "t & poison$ ! latt] = u4 ,!re is no way t ,i "k ( to prev5t x1 & ! suff]] w be well advis$ to report to ! m$ical (fic] = skill$ treatm5t4 ,cases ( dys5t]y 7 n v frequ5t 9 ,france1 b !y 7 9 ,gallipoli :]e ! food supply left mu* to be desir$4 ,,tetanus is a disease t is br\ght ab\t by infection :i* ent]s ! sy/em ?r\gh a w\nd4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! w> x occurr$ only too frequ5tly till1 9 ?is case also1 ! skill ( ! m$ical pr(ession provid$ u ) a s]um to combat x4 ,! univ]sal practice n[ is to inoculate ) anti-tetanic s]um j z soon z possible aft] a w\nd has be5 receiv$4 ,by ?is means tetanus1 l ent]ic1 is rapidly ceas+ to be reg>d$ z a m5ace4 ,i h no int5tion ( exhau/+ ! :ole category ( diseases to :i* man--& !re=e ! soldi]--is heir1 b simply to t\* ^u ^? t are mo/ likely to occur 9 a campaign4 ,! =ego+ li/ includes1 ,i believe1 all ! mo/ likely1 b to !m ,i %\ld l to add ^! two--,,smallpox & ,,*ol]a4 ,to deal fir/ ) smallpox1 we c say1 =tunately1 t x is r>e4 ,?is is due 9 l>ge "p to ! almo/ univ]sal provision ( vacc9ation1 :i* %\ld be insi/$ ^u 9 an army4 ,*ol]a is ( r>e occurr5ce1 & no?+ c be done to w>d x (f except to foll[ c>efully ! ord9>y rules ( heal? & sanitation4 ,%\ld x1 un=tunately1 break out1 ! army mu/ place itself unres]v$ly 9 ! h&s ( m$ical au?orities :o are especially qualifi$ to deal ) x4 ,!re is "o o!r disease t has made its effects felt on almo/ e army1 & :i* x has be5 f\nd impossible to ?or\ghly elim9ate4 ,! h&s ( ^? :o w\ld less5 its influ5ce are to a great ext5t ti$1 because 9 ! pa/1 ! only me?od t has be5 p]missible to elim9ate v5]eal disease has be5 :at ,i %all call ! ,moral me?od--! appeal to morality & ! intellig5ce ( ! individual soldi]4 ,we h us$ ?is excell5t & praisewor?y me?od = g5]ations1 b x has nev] be5 f\nd capable ( eradicat+ ! evil4 ,"s o!r means1 f an army po9t ( view1 has obvi\sly to be resort$ to4 ,b ev5 to discuss ! matt]1 "o runs ! risk ( be+ rul$ out ( c\rt by ^? :o w admit none b ! a=em5tion$ moral argum5t4 ,:5 ! fir/ ,exp$ition>y ,=ce w5t to ,france1 ! late ,"l ,kit*5]1 !n ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,w>1 issu$ an appeal to ! m51 9 :i* he bes\ght !m to be on _! gu>d aga9/ two ( ! evils t less5 ! effici5cy ( soldi]s--w9e & wom54 ,! m5 :o fell victims to w9e or :iskey or o!r =ms ( alcoholic intemp]ance1 7 puni%$1 fir/ ( all ) imprisonm5t1 & !n1 :5 x 0 se5 t ?is p5alty did n meet ! case1 ! dea? p5alty 0 impos$ = su* z became intoxicat$ :5 at _! po/ ( duty4 ,obvi\sly ! army _c af=d to h z its gu>dians m5 :o _c keep sob]4 ,^? :o fell victims to loose wom5 & contract$ v5]eal diseases--& x is beyond a d\bt t mo/ ( ! wom5 :o foll[ an army are diseas$--_h to be )drawn f _! positions & s5t back to ! bases to hospitals4 ,e man1 !re=e1 :o violat$ ,"l ,kit*5]'s advice1 0 play+ into ! h&s ( ! enemy to ?is ext5t t he 0 tak+ ! risk ( contract+ a disease :i* w\ld rob ! army ( 8 s]vices4 ,my own ,colonel us$ n to m9ce words on ?is subject b us$ to say t su* m5 might j z well g ov] to ! enemy at once4 ,b ) e k9d ( plead+ & ?reat on ! "p ( (fic]s1 x 0 f\nd t !re 7 m5 :o disreg>d$ _! advice4 ,a soldi]'s pay automatically /ops "u ^! circum/ances1 & at fir/ x 0 ! cu/om to acqua9t 8 family ) ! fact t he _h be5 s5t to su* & su* a hospital1 & ! p ( ,engl& soon got to "k ! purpose ( ^! hospitals1 & _m a home suff]$ %ame f ! indiscretions ( ! m5 :o repres5t$ !m 9 ,france4 ,:5 ! ,au/ralian troops 7 qu>t]$ ne> ,cairo--?an :i* !re are few m immoral cities 9 ! _w--v5]eal cases 7 frequ5t1 9 spite ( ! admonitions ( ! combatant (fic]s & ( ! m$ical /aff4 ,:at 0 to be done8 ,e ef=t 0 made to re/ra9 ! m5 & keep !m out ( ! notori\s r$ light di/rict1 b case aft] case ( ! disease turn$ up4 ,ev5tually "s ( ! m$ical m5 hit ^u ! s*eme ( e/abli%+ at ! entrance to ! v>i\s camps1 t5ts to :i* m5 c\ld g on _! return f ! city4 ,9 ^? t5ts !re 0 a repres5tative ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,corps equipp$ ) all ! late/ appliances 9 ! =m ( prophylactics1 & ^! 7 adm9i/]$ )\t *>ge & )\t "q1 ev5 z to "n1 to all :o s\ght ?is me?od ( protect+ !mselves aft] acts ( indiscretion4 ,! result 0 v gratify+ f ! m$ical /&po9t1 = ! numb] ( ^? :o contract$ ! disease rapidly decl9$ & ! effici5cy ( ! army 0 ma9ta9$ at a correspond+ly high /&>d4 ,( c\rse a prote/ 0 imm$iately ent]$ by ^? :o 7 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! morals ( ! m51 & ! *>ge 0 made t x 0 putt+ a premium on immorality4 ,= my own "p1 int]e/$ 9 bo? ( ^! matt]s1 ,i h come to ! conclusion t ! old me?ods h fail$1 & t ,i w\ld r h an army immoral & well ?an an army immoral & diseas$4 ,z human nature is con/itut$ at pres5t ,i c see no alt]native1 ?\gh ,i believe x to be our b\nd5 duty to cont9ue to urge ! ne$ ( self-re/ra9t4 ,i d n fe> t ^! words w be tak5 to ca/ a slur ^u any army1 = ^? ( u :o are n bl9d are p]fectly aw>e t ! same k9d ( immorality exi/s among civilian populations z 9 armies4 ,= ^? m5 :o %all read ^! words ( m9e ,i w\ld ) all ! =ce at my comm& urge ! close foll[+ ( ! precepts ( ,"l ,kit*5]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aa3 ,simple entanglem5ts made ( b>b$ wire & r\gh po/s4 ,a k9dr$ problem ) :i* ! au?orities sometimes h to deal is t ( unnatural m54 ,records ( ! ,g]man ,army be=e ! w> conta9$ _m examples ( ?is mo/ revolt+ =m ( p]v]sion4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,armies t 7 rais$ at ! outbreak ( ! w>1 sev]al cases occurr$1 ! (f5d]s be+ puni%$ ) t]ms ( imprisonm5t v>y+ f sev5 to fifte5 ye>s ) h>d lab\r--mu* too l5i5t4 ,! :ole problem is mo/ difficult to deal )1 & any "o :o attempts to deal ) x risks public c5sure4 ,yet ! problem mu/ be fac$1 nev]!less1 & ! soon] we apply sane me?ods to its solution1 ! bett]4 ,( c\rse views w diff] z to :at con/itutes sane me?ods1 b ,i am conv9c$ f my own exp]i5ce ) soldi]s t ! me?od outl9$ above is a good "o4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 fail to emphasise ! dang]s t m5 run4 ,!y mu/ be taught ! folly ( x4 ,we mu/ make x pla9 to !m t x is n wor? ! c&le to run ! risk ( contract+ ! mo/ horrible diseases t ev5 our advanc$ m$ical sci5ce c nev] cure ) c]ta9ty1 = ! sake ( a brief gratification4 ,a man's :ole life may be ru9$2 8 innoc5t *ildr5 afflict$ ) a loa?some disease2 8 wife made to endure ye>s ( physical & m5tal torm5t z ! price ( t fooli% act4 ,7 ?is book a moral treatise ,i %\ld sp5d "t 9 driv+ ?is po9t home ) m =ce4 ,b z ! object ,i desire to a*ieve is to %[ m5 h[ !y c become soldi]s & rema9 fit1 x mu/ suffice to say aga9 t ! sure/ way to lay up mis]y = y\rself1 to r5d] y\rself unfit to rema9 at y\r soldi] tasks & ?us increase ! odds ( ! enemy aga9/ y\r side is to run ! risk ( v5]eal disease ?r\gh contact ) wom54 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,v]m9 ,i feel t no h9ts on heal? w\ld be complete )\t "s brief ref]5ce to ! t]rors ( ! tr5*es--,,lice4 ,a le>n$ ,pr(essor ( "o ( ! ,univ]sities ( ,engl& publi%$ a little book ^: exact title ,i h =gott5 b :i* 0 some?+ l ?is--,flees1 ,lice & ,bugs1 or1 ! ,little ,bro!rs ( ! ,prussian4 ,t is pretty h>d on ! enemy--or ! lice--b x s]ves to emphasise "o important po9t & t is1 t ! ravages ( ^! v]m9 is s great t !y c well be said to be fight+ ! same cause z ! enemy4 ,9 spite ( all a soldi] c d1 lice are sure1 soon] or lat]1 to ov]take him4 ,!y make _! ne/s 9 ! /raw ^u :i* he ?r[s himself :5 fatigu$1 or 9 ! walls ( h\ses1 or on o!r human be+s1 & contact is almo/ sure to br+ !m4 ,!y are mo/ int]e/+ little pets ^: sole int]e/ 9 life seems to be to lay eggs & ?us make sure t _! race %all be p]petuat$4 ,! female l\se takes up h] abode ^u ! soldi]'s body & imm$iately sets h]self to an egg lay+ competition4 ,if %e gets five m9utes />t ( h] victim %e lays up = him weeks ( tr\ble1 & ! only ?+ to d is to g aft] h] & h] eggs z soon z h] pres5ce is made kn[n4 ,i discov]$ my fir/ l\se :ile ,i 0 at lun*eon 9 ! tr5*es4 ,i seiz$ ! spot on my arm :]e ,i believ$ h] to be1 & call+ to my ord]ly hurri$ (f to ! fields "s di/ance beh9d ! l9es4 ,!re we began ! hunt :i* end$1 ,i am happy to be able to say1 9 h] decease4 ,b ! eggs _h be5 laid & n = weeks did ,i succe$ 9 ridd+ myself ( ^! unwelcome bo>d]s4 ,i 01 mu* aga9/ my w1 us$ z a p]ambulat+ incubator1 & only ! greate/ vigilance s]v$ to rid me ( ! pe/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ab3 ,tr5* p]iscopes4 ,x 0 our cu/om1 z soon z we 7 reliev$ f ! tr5*es = a spell ( a few days1 to turn all ! m5 out into a field & bid !m ,hunt6 ,i us$ !n to walk ar\nd among/ ! m5 & enquire ( !m :at luck !y _h _h4 ,two1 ,sev51 ,n9ete51 etc41 7 ! frequ5t replies4 ,"o ( ! sadde/ m5 ,i h ev] se5 repli$ ,none1 ,sir4 ,8 unhapp9ess 0 due to ! fact t he 0 p]fectly well aw>e t !re 7 "s !re to be caught1 b t he _h n yet _h ! luck to get !m4 ,z to means ( combat+ !m1 ! be/ is con/ant vigilance4 ,make sure t n only ! live lice are kill$ b t ! eggs z well are de/roy$1 say ) ! a% ( a light$ cig>ette4 ,! next ?+ to rememb] is t body lice are oppos$ to cleanl9ess1 & t ! (t5] y c wa% y\rself1 ! m y inconv5i5ce !m4 ,gasol9e squirt$ ov] ! body & ! clo!s also s]ves to disc\rage !m4 ,"s ?9 cotton %irts cov]$ ) a solution ( c>bolic1 _h a good effect1 & at ! lea/ !y s]v$ z ano!r b>ri] to ! little rascals be=e !y c\ld rea* ! body4 ,s9ce ,i return$ to ?is c\ntry1 a manufactur] ( v]m9 kill]s told me t ! foll[+ me?od w be f\nd effective3 ,take a goose quill & seal up "o end4 ,put 9 half an in* ( m]cury1 & !n seal ! o!r end mak+ a little phial ( ab\t an in* & a half 9 l5g?4 ,sew ?is to ! clo!s "u ea* armpit & r\nd ! belt l9e4 ,z to :e!r ?is w "w ,i d n "k1 = ,i am glad to be able to say t ,i h n ne$$ to te/ ! !ory s9ce ,i return$ to ,am]ica4 ,,fleas are n s common1 b :5 !y occur1 !y mu/ be hunt$ ) ! same vigilance z lice1 & ! same me?ods apply to _! ext]m9ation4 ,z c>ri]s ( typhus1 !y are p>ticul>ly to be dread$4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,heal? ,,& ,,(fic]s ,s f> ,i h be5 deal+ ) disease f ! po9t ( view ( ! individual & ,i h said no?+ ( ! duties ( (fic]s t[>ds _! m5 9 ?is respect4 ,a ^w on ! subject may n be out ( place4 ,:5 ! new armies 7 =m$ 9 ,engl& at ! outbreak ( w> x 0 summ] "t & ! new troops 7 plac$ 9 t5ts 9 op5 fields4 ,! lessons ( camp life 7 difficult = _m ( ^! m5 to le>n1 & "s ( ! exp]i5ce t 0 obta9$ 0 b\ght de>ly4 ,x w occur to e soldi] t ! greate/ c>e mu/ be paid to ! cleanl9ess ( ! l9es4 ,m5 are (t5 too lazy to c>ry _! scraps to ! prop] g>bage pails1 & c>elessly ?r[ !m ar\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! t5ts4 ,9 f9e wea!r !y c be easily se5 & ! culprits1 :5 discov]$1 c be made to clean up all ! l9es4 ,:5 ! culprits _c be discov]$1 :ole companies h to be put to ?is fatigue "w4 ,9 wet wea!r x is worse1 = ! p>ticles ( meat & bread get trodd5 into ! gr\nd & be=e long !re arises a /5* f !m4 ,sometimes1 too1 rats & mice are enc\rag$ by ?is c>eless me?od4 ,we us$ to f9d t c]ta9 m5 :o _h an inh]5t objection to fre% air1 w\ld eat all _! meals )9 ! t5ts4 ,?is practice mu/ be /opp$ at all co/s4 ,br+ ! m5 into ! op5 & let !m /ay !re & !y w be all ! bett] = x4 ,x is excusable = !m to rema9 9 ! t5ts dur+ ra9 b at no o!r "t4 ,! inspect+ (fic] w\ld frequ5tly f9d pieces ( bacon & butt] & *eese trodd5 into ! gr\nd on :i* ! m5 _h to sleep4 ,! l9es mu/ be kept clean4 ,(fic]s w be well advis$ to assign lib]al fatigue "w to ! m5 :o are guilty ( mess+ up ! l9es1 & litt]+ !m ) p>ticles ( food1 pap]s1 cig>ette & cig> ends1 etc4 ,! regul> sanit>y squad _c be expect$ to d its "w unless ! soldi]s !mselves are made to co-op]ate4 ,x is a good ?+ to enc\rage ! _s ( rivalry betwe5 units1 & m5 c (t5 be jolli$ on into keep+ _! l9es neat & tidy by po9t+ out to !m l9es t are bett] kept--& sometimes prais+ !m :5 _! l9es are up to ! requir$ /&>d4 ,we f\nd t a good _m ( ! m5 _h q an arti/ic in/9ct1 & w\ld use up ! old bottles & /ones f ar\nd ! camp to execute ! mo/ beautiful designs repres5t+ ! battalion col\rs or ! flags ( ! alli$ nations4 ,we also met ) consid]able difficulty 9 gett+ m5 to ?or\ghly air ! t5ts4 ,! flaps ( r\nd t5ts %\ld be roll$ up j z e>ly z is possible ea* morn+4 ,a good plan is to /rike individual r[s ( t5ts occasionally & give ! gr\nd a ?or\gh air+ & dis9fect+4 ,we foll[$ ?is plan ) t5ts :i* conta9$ notori\sly lazy m5 :o w\ld n rise at ! prop] "t & develop$ ! habit ( leav+ ! flaps ( ! t5ts d[n4 ,!y 7 awak5$ by ! ,ord]ly ,corporal 9 ! usual c\rse ( ev5ts & giv5 t5 m9utes 9 :i* to appe> outside _! t5ts4 ,promptly at ! expiration ( ?is "t a squad arriv$ on ! sc5e &1 undo+ all _! guy ropes1 let ! t5ts d[n v sudd5ly on _! heads4 ,x is v provok+ to h a mass ( canvas come ab\t y\r e>s 9 ?is way1 & ! slack]s soon le>n$ ! only way to avoid x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ac3 ,simple loophole made ( /eel plate & let into p>apet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ad3 ,ord9>y h& bomb ) fuse light$ automatically z lev] is releas$4 ,:5 an army has to live 9 t5ts1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( dampness is almo/ c]ta9ly inevitable4 ,b if prop] dra9s are dug ar\nd !m1 & e advantage tak5 ( ! sunlight1 mu* c be done to avoid :at frequ5tly ends 9 rheumatism or pneumonia4 ,x pays to con/ruct good c9d] roads 9 all ! camp l9es & to see to x t ! approa*es to ! individual t5ts are prep>$ 9 ! same way4 ,:5 we 7 fir/ dump$ d[n 9 a field ( clay 9 ! ,midl&s ( ,engl& & told to prep>e x = ! horse l9es to accommodate ! sixte5 hundr$ horses t 7 due 9 a few days1 we 7 fac$ ) a colossal task4 ,we 7 all turn$ into navvies1 & long be=e we ev5 _h %elt] = ! horses !y _h arriv$4 ,x 0 a mo/ t$i\s bus9ess to con/ruct l9es = !m 9 ,decemb] 9 ,engl&1 & we _h to c>t _m hundr$s ( tons ( c9d]s & rock to make ! place possible4 ,= weeks we work$ at x1 & !re 7 compla9ts f ! m5 t !y _h n jo9$ ! army to be navvies4 ,!y _h jo9$ x to fight1 s !y said4 ,b :5 ! /ables 7 f9i%$ & !y c\ld approa* ! l9es ov] nice smoo? dry roads !y realis$ t _! lab\r _h n be5 9 va94 ,!re is usually a fitt+ return 9 heal? f all ! lab\r inve/$ 9 ! prep>ation ( a good camp4 ,ano!r place 9 :i* (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s mu/ be on ! al]t = fil?1 is ! cook h\se4 ,?is is true 9 w9t] z well z 9 summ] "t4 ,x has be5 my exp]i5ce t ! lazie/ & dirtie/ m5 volunte] = ! task ( cook4 ,! reason is t !y are able to get ! *oice/ portions = !mselves1 be free f ! bore ( att5d+ drills & p>ades1 & get a little high] pay1 besides :at !y c get f ! soldi]s on ! side = little fav\rs4 ,9 an army su* z 0 =m$ 9 ,engl& at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> x 0 impossible to get en\gh tra9$ cooks = ! "w1 & all sorts ( m5 7 run 9 = ! job4 ,_m ( !m 7 ?or\ghly lazy & incompet5t4 ,!re 01 ( c\rse1 a root$ objection to call+ 9 ! aid ( wom5--?\gh few ( u ev] ?9k ( employ+ m5 to d our cook+ 9 private life--& :5 we sugge/$ x = ! purpose ( improv+ ! grade ( our food 9 ! ,(fic]s' ,mess1 we 7 met ) ! reply t x _h nev] be5 done4 ,t 0 ! reason = keep+ out a good _m re=ms 9 ,de> ,old ,engl&4 ,b by /rategy on our "p1 & by ! ev5tual dem&s ( ! /oma*s conc]n$ t "s *ange be made1 we 7 able to introduce a woman manag] = ! mess kit*54 ,%e re=m$ ev]y?+1 includ+ ! co/s ( ! food4 ,our mess bills 7 consid]ably r$uc$1 ! food 0 bett] cook$1 & we got a v>iety t _h nev] seem$ to occur to ! late robb]s t we _h employ$4 ,:5 ,engl& began to feel ! want ( fight+ m51 x ent]$ ! bra9s ( "s ( ! ,brass ,hat (ficials t ?is 0 a sph]e 9 :i* ! wom5 c\ld well supplant ! m5--& woman came into h] own aga91 at lea/ 9 "p4 ,t 0 a job t wom5 c\ld d well1 b x 0 a long "t be=e we w\ld agree to let !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ae3 ,above is tr5* bomb gun fir+ bomb ) /em2 bel[ is tr5* mort> fir+ l>ge bomb4 ,b :e!r m5 or wom5 are 9 *>ge ( ?is important dep>tm5t ( an army1 ! duty w /ill devolve ^u ! (fic]s to see t ! cookh\ses are kept clean & t ! food is up to ! prop] /&>d4 ,"o case occurr$ 9 a camp ne> ,london :]e !y 7 foll[+ ! pr9ciple ( all[+ outside cat]]s to supply ! food1 9 :i* ! ,ord]ly ,(fic] ( ! day j manag$ to /op 9 "t1 ! s]vice to ! m5 ( meat t 0 diseas$4 ,! desire to make a little additional pr(it _h bl9d$ ^! unpatriotic p to ! welf>e ( ! troops1 & !y 7 puni%$ ) a f9e & ) ! loss ( _! cat]+ contract4 ,t is mild puni%m5t4 ,graft]s ( e k9d1 f ^? :o put bad p[d] into %ells or bad lea!r into boots1 to ^? :o risk an outbreak ( sickness ?r\gh supply+ improp] food1 %\ld all be treat$ ! same way t c]ta9 o!r enemies ( _! c\ntry are treat$--a ,c\rt-m>tial & a fir+ p>ty4 ,no condemnation is too sev]e = !m4 ,(fic]s w n always f9d x an easy task to detect ^! ?ieves1 b !y mu/ be v mu* on _! job = ?is purpose4 ,!n aga9 good food sometimes is all[$ to become bad food ?r\gh ! c>eless h&l+ by ! cooks & _! assi/ants4 ,cov]s are left (f di%es t conta9 meat1 butt]1 *eese1 etc41 & !y are ru9$ by du/ or flies4 ,contam9at$ food is all[$ to rema9 9 close proximity to ! food t is to be (f]$ to ! troops2 cooks ei!r use unclean ut5sils !mselves or all[ ! ord]lies f ! v>i\s units to return dirty ut5sils to !m2 or !y h&le ! refuse & !n ! food )\t ev] a ?\ght to wa%+ _! h&s4 ,"o v kn[+ old rascal ( a cook we _h us$ to h 8 place 9 excell5t condition at elev5 9 ! morn+ :5 ! ,ord]ly ,(fic] us$ to make 8 r\nds1 & "o day :5 ,i came ^u him sudd5ly x 0 to f9d t he 0 us+ "o ( ! bread bags z a receptacle = 8 *ange ( clo!s--a fil?y collection ( %irts1 socks1 etc4 ,he 0 fir$1 & curs$ me = _m a day z he c>ri$ 8 great weight ( avoirdupois r\nd ! tra9+ field ) a rifle ov] 8 %\ld] l any o!r infantryman4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #af3 ,simple gas mask ) flutt] valve or *eck valve4 ,ambulance dogs & horses 9 ! gas zone 7 equipp$ z %[n4 ,) reg>d to wat]1 :ile ! regul> l9e (fic]s mu/ also keep an eye to its g5]al purity1 x is g5]ally left to ! c>e ( ! m$ical /aff to te/ x f "t to "t to make c]ta9 ( its fitness = human use4 ,we exp]i5c$ a good deal ( tr\ble 9 mak+ ! m5 keep _! wa% l9es clean & 9 mak+ !m refra9 f ?r[+ soapy1 greasy wat] on ! gr\nd4 ,x is ! easie/ me?od--= !m--b ! co/lie/ 9 ! long run1 & !y mu/ be made to ?r[ x into ! prop] dra9s4 ,!n1 too1 no camp w be complete )\t a ?or\gh sy/em ( g>bage disposal4 ,! refuse %\ld be collect$ into t9s t c be clos$ to keep away ! rats1 etc41 & !n tak5 at c]ta9 specifi$ times to ! inc9]ator4 ,! latt] c easily be built "u any circum/ances & !re c be no reason = a camp n be+ well suppli$ 9 ?is matt]4 ,latr9es1 also1 mu/ be ?or\ghly inspect$ by ! (fic]s ( e unit4 ,!y %\ld be e/abli%$ at "s di/ance f ! t5t l9es1 & z f> remov$ z possible f ! kit*54 ,s& & lime %\ld be lib]ally suppli$4 ,! tasks ( att5d+ ! latr9es w normally fall to ! sanit>y squad :o c be assi/$ by ^? :o are convict$ ( ! crime ( fail+ to keep _! l9es clean4 ,x is wond]ful :at a :olesome effect on a lazy man has ! imposition ( ?ree days latr9e duty6 ,9 ! tr5*es ?is 0 "o ( ! few puni%m5ts at our disposal = ! slack]s1 = !y welcom$ any puni%m5t t w\ld s5d !m away out ( ! fir+ l9e4 ,! same pr9ciples t h be5 laid d[n = t5t life w apply m or less to life 9 billets4 ,:5 ! w9t] came all ! troops 9 ,engl& & ,scotl& 7 mov$ into billets 9 t[ns :]e !y c\ld be accommodat$4 ,^! 7 usually manufactur+ t[ns t _h num]\s small homes t c\ld ea* accommodate a soldi] or two4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( tra9+ ?is is a sy/em f> f satisfactory = ! m5 s easily get out ( control4 ,b x is ! be/ sy/em t we _h at ! "t4 ,lat] on1 ext5sive villages ( huts 7 con/ruct$1 & ! tra9+ proce$$ normally4 ,sometimes gr\ps ( m5 7 assembl$ 9 l>ge vacant h\ses4 ,!re 0 no furniture 9 !m & ! troops _h to sleep on ! floor4 ,cook+ facilities 7 inadequate1 b wor/ ( all 7 ! toilet facilities4 ,^! h\ses _h be5 con/ruct$ to s]ve z ! homes = av]age families ( five to t51 & :5 fifty or sixty m5 7 turn$ into !m ! result is imag9able4 ,! same problems w probably be pres5t$ if ev] ,am]ican soldi]s are h\s$ 9 ?is way1 & ^? :o happ5 to be (fic]s w h to ex]cise ! greate/ vigilance4 ,!n aga9 we f\nd t !re are "s m5 :o h no idea ( ! risk !y run 9 leav+ food ly+ ab\t a h\se or hidd5 away4 ,aft] a c]ta9 gr\p _h mov$ away f ,b$=d1 ,engl&1 x 0 my bus9ess to g r\nd ! h\ses !y _h occupi$ to see if !y 7 fit = occupation by ! incom+ troops4 ,i f\nd to my horror 9 "o ( ! h\ses t "s ( ! m51 in/ead ( tak+ surplus meat out to ! g>bage cans1 _h put x "u a bo>d 9 ! floor6 ,x _h be5 !re a few days :5 ,i f\nd x1 & exam9ation ( ! o!r rooms disclos$ ! fact t all sorts ( ?+s f meat & bread & t9s to old clo!s _h be5 hidd5 9 simil> places by ^! lazy fell[s4 ,my read] w soon realise t ! (fic] ( to-day has to keep 8 eyes con/antly op5 to pres]ve ! be/ conditions = ! tra9+ ( 8 m54 ,& :ile ,i am on ?is po9t ,i w\ld j add ?is ^w4 ,n only mu/ ! (fic]s see to x t ! food & wat] are good & ! camp kept clean1 b he mu/ also h ! m5's heal? con/antly 9 m9d :5 he is plann+ _! s*$ule ( tra9+4 ,mod]ation is ! ^w4 ,x is possible to be too en?usia/ic & d ! m5 m h>m ?an good ) ha/y tra9+4 ,ex]cises %\ld be graduat$4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t _m ( ! m5 :o w con/itute civilian armies are n us$ to out-(-door life & _! tra9+ mu/ be g5tle4 ,x is n fair = an (fic] to expect 8 m5 to be able to m>* twelve or tw5ty miles on a hike :ile he rides com=tably ) !m on a horse6 ,x is a good ?+ = him to %>e ! fatigue ( 8 m5 t he may be ! bett] able to direct _! tra9+4 ,i h f\nd t a good _m ( ^! hikes 7 plann$ by ! high] (fic]s :o nev] walk$ & nev] und]/ood :5 m5 began to fall out f fatigue4 ,re/s dur+ m>*+ %\ld be fairly frequ5t & ! m5 %\ld be taught ! advantages to be ga9$ by loos5+ _! packs & ?r[+ !mselves d[n flat on ! gr\nd to relax all _! muscles4 ,s++ & :i/l+ %\ld be enc\rag$ on ! m>*1 = !re is no?+ l x to make a long road seem %ort1 b smok+ %\ld be res]v$ = ! re/ p]iods4 ,! pr9ciple ( pl5ty ( re/s %\ld also be foll[$ dur+ physical ex]cises & a man %\ld nev] be ask$ to hold 8 arm long 9 any uncom=table position4 ,a ?\ghtful (fic] is soon rew>d$ by ! increas$ effici5cy ( 8 m54 ,d unto o!rs z y w\ld h !m d unto y--w br+ big returns 9 ! army4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,cov] ,,& ,,tr5*es ,?is w> is be+ f\ght out1 n 9 great op5 battles1 b 9 successive conflicts f ! security ( tr5*es 9 :at ,papa ,j(fre has call$ ! nibbl+ process4 ,x is n simple "w b su* z calls = heal?y bodies1 tra9$ m9ds1 & /eady n]ves4 ,quick action is (t5 necess>y4 ,indep5d5ce ( ?\ght1 +5uity & p]sonal c\rage1 comb9$ ) implicit ob$i5ce1 make up ! ideal soldi]4 ,! tra9+ ?r\gh :i* a civilian mu/ g1 !n1 w be su* z to develop ^! qualities4 ,e syllabus ( tra9+ mu/ be drawn up ) ?is 9 view1 & all ! "t ! att5tion ( ! (fic]s mu/ be kept on ! fact t ! tra9+ mu/ be su* z to make soldi]s :o w be effici5t 9 ! k9d ( w> t is be+ wag$4 ,mu* t has be5 writt5 9 ! text books = armies has _h to be disc>d$ z out ( date4 ,x is no exagg]ation to say t ! ,briti% knew v little ab\t mod]n w>f>e :5 we w5t to ,france1 9 spite ( ! fact t we _h1 dur+ ?is c5tury1 wag$ a w> 9 ,s\? ,africa1 n to m5tion ! num]\s bord] engagem5ts 9 ,india4 ,we did n "k ! trem5d\sly important "p t artill]y 0 to play2 we knew practically no?+ ( ! use ( bombs2 we _h nev] made gas & did n "k its con/itution2 & 9 ! "w ( tr5* con/ruction we 7 9 ! k9d]g>t5 class4 ,our enemy taught u _m ( ^! ?+s & we le>n$ !m sl[ly4 ,n[ we h rea*$ 8 /&>d & gone pa/ him z ! ,tanks te/ify4 ,b 9 pure frightfulness we c nev] compete ) him & nev] int5d to4 ,eight h\rs a day ( h>d b v>i$ tra9+ 0 our rule ) frequ5t ev5+ lectures4 ,conditions 7 arrang$ z mu* l ^? on active s]vice z possible1 ev5 to ! use ( live bombs4 ,m5 are v reluctant at fir/ to h&le ^! explosive little in/rum5ts ( w>1 & !y mu/ be giv5 confid5ce 9 !mselves long be=e !y rea* ! fir+ l9e4 ,!re !y are us$ z freely z a me*anic uses a ma*9e4 ,x is said t "o g5]al :o 0 tra9+ 8 m5 9 ! ,midl&s ( ,engl& _h a difficulty 9 gett+ !m to keep _! heads d[n4 ,!y c\ld n see ! necessity = x & always want$ to see all t 0 go+ on4 ,n[ 9 actual w>f>e ! individual soldi] is able to see v little ( :at is transpir+ r\nd ab\t him1 & he has to be cont5t to come ?r\gh ) a :ole head4 ,accord+ly ! ,g5]al s]v$ out to a few tru/wor?y m5 a numb] ( live1 ball c>tridges4 ,dur+ ! manoeuvres ! m5 :o w\ld put _! heads up he>d "s ( ^! missiles s++ r\nd _! e>s1 & soon le>n$ t x 0 unwise to be too curi\s4 ,i am n sure t ,i w\ld recomm5d ?is me?od--= 7 an accid5t to happ5 x w\ld br+ disgrace & dismissal to ! (fic] :o _h employ$ x--b x is c]ta9ly an effective means4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s to be insi/$ ^u 9 tra9+ a man is t he le>n ! use ( ,,cov]4 ,he mu/ le>n n only t cov] is necess>y1 b also :at con/itutes effective cov] ( v>i\s mat]ials4 ,! mo/ common =m ( cov] is t af=d$ by pil$ up e>?4 ,a rifle bullet fir$ at %ort range w pi]ce ab\t =ty in*es ( e>? s t no?+ less ?an ?irty-six in*es c be consid]$ z giv+ protection f ord9>y bullets4 ,:]e s& c be obta9$ t5 in*es less w suffice4 ,ord9>y turf is n ne>ly s good & no?+ less ?an five feet 9 ?ickness is suffici5t4 ,bricks are effective4 ,if !y are plac$ end on giv+ a ?ickness ( n9e in*es ?is w be f\nd suffici5t s t a man c feel fairly secure f rifle bullets /&+ beh9d an ord9>y brick wall4 ,:]e wood is us$ mu* dep5ds on its degree ( h>dness2 ?irty in*es = h>dwood & =ty-five = s(twood c be tak5 z af=d+ complete protection4 ,any ( ! h>d] sub/ances su* z iron & /eel1 etc41 are pref]able1 b !y c seldom be obta9$4 ,( ord9>y iron plate ?ree-f\r?s in* is necess>y & less = ! diff]5t v>ieties ( /eel4 ,usually sev]al ( ^! m$ia mu/ be us$4 ,bo>ds c be arrang$ ) /ones & s& or litt]1 etc41 betwe5 !m4 ,! po9t to be rememb]$ is t ! requir$ ?ickness mu/ be obta9$1 n at ! base ( ! cov] b at ! top1 to support :i* a mu* l>g] base w usually be requir$4 ,:5 a man has le>nt :at ?ickness ( mat]ials he ne$s to h to protect 8 life1 x w be a good ?+ to take him out & let him see h[ f> bullets are able to pi]ce ^! m$ia by actually fir+ at !m f po9t blank range4 ,t w give him a respect = bullets & impress ! lesson on him4 ,b he mu/ also be told t cov] t protects is only half :at is requir$4 ,x mu/ be su* z to all[ him to become (f5sive :ile giv+ him def5ce4 ,! problem is a simple "o 9 actual tr5*es1 :]e he has no alt]native b to build !m cont9u\sly & !n fire ov] ! top or ?r\gh loopholes ( /eel4 ,b :5 m op5 fight+ develops he mu/ le>n t 8 bus9ess is n only to get reasonable protection = 8 own body b to be able to br+ 8 rifle to be> on ! enemy4 ,?is necessitates a c]ta9 am\nt ( exposure4 ,c]ta9 devices h be5 develop$ dur+ ?is w> to all[ a man to fire 8 rifle f b5ea? ! p>apet ( ! tr5* by means ( specially adapt$ p]iscopes4 ,^! are ( great use = snip]s b _c be us$ by all ! m54 ,9 op5 fight+ m5 (t5 make ! mi/ake ( seek+ cov] 9 :at is obvi\sly ! mo/ protect$ place f rifle bullets1 b equally obvi\s to ^? ( exp]i5ce z ! mo/ likely place = ! enemy to *oose z m>ks = 8 artill]y4 ,or*>ds1 woods1 h\ses1 etc41 come )9 ?is category1 & x is only exp]i5ce t w tea* a man :at places to *oose & :at places to avoid4 ,:]ev] ! enemy c view ! approa*es to ^! %elt]s1 ei!r by direct vision f _! positions or by means ( a]oplanes or obs]vation balloons1 !y become dang]\s z cov]4 ,mod]n tr5*es are int5d$ to give cov] f fire & f view4 ,!y are seldom ro($ ov]1 s t1 z a matt] ( fact1 !y c be se5 f ! air1 b x is n by any means an easy task ei!r = an a]oplane to drop bombs !re 7a dit* ?ree feet wide7 nor yet = ! artill]y to hit !m4 ,b we seldom are able to inh]it tr5*es--!y usually h to be dug "u cov] ( d>kness :ile ! enemy is snip+4 ,= ?is purpose ea* man 9 ! ,briti% army c>ries a small entr5*+ tool on 8 back1 z well z two s&bags4 ,e man is tra9$ 9 ! use ( ?is valuable little tool1 & soon le>ns nev] to be )\t x4 ,:51 dur+ an advance1 he ne$s to provide cov] = himself1 he ?r[s himself d[n on ! gr\nd plac+ 8 rifle at 8 left side1 & beg9s to dig away ! e>? at 8 "r side1 ?r[+ ! loose e>? up 9 front ( him4 ,j z soon z he c he takes ! s&bags f 8 back & fills !m1 plac+ !m 9 front ( him4 ,"u ?is imp]fect cov] he proce$s to deep5 ! hole till he c roll 8 body into x4 ,?is m9iature tr5* %\ld be two feet wide & ?ree feet long4 ,!n if "t p]mits he %\ld add small com=ts su* z a recess = 8 feet1 dra9age = wat]1 etc4 ,he w f9d t he ne$s to dig d[n to ab\t two feet1 all ! "t ?r[+ ! e>? out 9 front & occasionally pu%+ x out a little s z to make x ( suffici5t wid?1 =1 ( c\rse1 he w be seek+ to get a p>apet ( ab\t a y>d 9 ?ickness at ! top4 ,if he has an opportunity ( fir+ he %\ld d s1 n ov] ! top ( 8 cov] b r\nd ! "r side ( x4 ,to fire ov] x is to ask = tr\ble4 ,! body & legs %\ld be plac$ 9 su* a position t !y are cov]$ z mu* z possible by ! e>? ?r[n up 9 front4 ,if an advance has to be made f ?is position1 ! small tr5* w h s]v$ its purpose 9 giv+ tempor>y %elt]4 ,b !re are times :5 troops h to consolidate positions won 9 ?is way1 & on ! site ( ^! primitive tr5*es1 m elaborate ones h to be made4 ,at ! battle ( ,neuve ,*apelle ! troops took up a c]ta9 l9e1 dug !mselves 9 9 a r\gh way1 & !n dur+ ! night !y set to "w to con/ruct ! v tr5*es t /ill %elt] !m to ?is day4 ,b x 0 due to ! entr5*+ tools & ! few s& bags t !y 7 able to hold ! l9e dur+ ! h\rs ( daylight1 & :5 ! next morn+ dawn$ !y _h a fairly adequate protection4 ,:ile ! "q ( cov] is v important1 ,i d n wi% to convey ! impression t m5 %\ld h ?is subject always 9 _! m9ds4 ,to use a rock or a tree or a m\nd ( e>? z a tempor>y %elt] is "o ?+2 b to cont9ue to hide beh9d x at ! "t an advance is ne$$1 is ano!r4 ,! man :o hesitates to g =w>d :5 he has recov]$ 8 w9d1 b :o takes c>e ( 8 preci\s sk9 by rema9+ "u cov]1 is worse ?an useless4 ,! object ( all troops mu/ be to get into t\* ) ! enemy & drive him out ) ! bayonet4 ,cov] w help to keep a man alive = a little :ile to be able to d t "w4 ,:5 ?r\gh adv]se circum/ances--usually ! pres5ce ( ! enemy 9 sup]ior =ce--an army has to g to gr\nd1 x sets to "w 9 dead e>ne/ to build its tr5*es4 ,we h le>n$ t ! be/ =tifications t c be got are ^? t are con/ruct$ 9 ! e>?4 ,! guns ( ,v]dun h practically nev] be5 9 op]ation--inde$ at ! pres5t "t !re are no guns 9 ! old =ts--& ! reason = ?is is t e>? works ( su* /r5g? 7 ?r[n up at a di/ance f ! =ts t ! ,g]mans 7 nev] able to get _! heavy guns to be> on !m4 ,! =ts ( ,lige1 & ,namur1 & ,antw]p all fell be=e ! great h[itz]s1 b ! e>? works ( ,v]dun 7 too mu* = !m4 ,x is d\btful if l>ge =ts w ev] aga9 be us$ 9 inl& places1 = ! e>?works h prov$ _! great sup]iority4 ,tr5*es are laid out & dug z %[n 9 ! accompany+ diagram ,figure #d4 ,!y d n consi/ ( "o long /raight l9e1 b :at may be describ$ z a succession ( little rooms1 ab\t tw5ty feet long1 sev5 feet deep & ?ree feet broad4 ,!y are seldom ro($ ov]4 ,ea* little room is connect$ to ! ones on ei!r side by a tr5* t runs beh9d ! f\r-feet-squ>e trav]se t is ( solid e>? & :i* s]ves ! purpose ( localis+ ! effect ( %ells1 bombs1 etc4 ,if ! tr5*es 7 9 "o /raight l9e1 a %ell t fell !re w\ld be liable to injure a great _m m52 :]eas "u ! pres5t sy/em ! trav]se acts z a buff] & limits ! radius ( its explosive =ce4 ,! tr5* itself is dug ab\t ?ree feet deep1 c>e be+ tak5 to lift (f ! top lay] ( grass & keep x aside to place ov] ! front ( ! e>? on completion ( ! tr5*es1 to r5d] !m less visible4 ,z ! e>? is lift$ out x is ?r[n to ! front & re>1 & "s ( x put into s&bags :i* are !n laid l /ones z %[n4 ,! front "p ( ! tr5* is !n call$ ! p>apet & ! re> "p ! p>ados4 ,bo? mu/ be made /rong1 ! p>apet = reasons already giv51 & ! p>ados 9 ord] to protect ! m5 f ! =ce ( %ells t fall j beh9d ! tr5*es4 ,ab\t a foot f ! gr\nd !re is plac$ a bo>d t is call$ ! fir+ /ep1 on :i* ! m5 /& :5 !y are ab\t to fire4 ,i h said t !re is seldom any ro( ov] ! tr5*es4 ,x is difficult to cov] 9 ! tr5*es because ( ! limit$ supply ( mat]ials4 ,!n aga9 x is que/ionable if ro(+ pays2 =1 admitt+ t !y may be able to keep out small bombs & rifle bullets1 !y c nev] hope to be able to keep out %ells4 ,! ,g]mans us$ to ro( 9 a great deal--b !n !y 7 !re to wage a def5sive w> & did n propose to move = a good :ile4 ,9 "s gr\nd ! e>? w hold itself up at ! sides ( ! tr5*es1 9 o!r gr\nd x w h to be revett$4 ,?is is done ) *ick5 wire1 or ) will[s or old /aves :]e !y c be _h4 ,x is important to h ! sides firm1 or else 9 wet wea!r especially1 !y w prove a nuisance to ! occupants ( ! tr5*es4 ,"s k9d ( floor %\ld be provid$ = ! tr5*es4 ,! simple/ & be/ are made 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,take two sev5-in* bo>ds ab\t t5 feet 9 l5g?1 nail !m toge!r to make a f\rte5-in* plank1 & !n cov] ! :ole ) fairly f9e *ick5 wire4 ,place ^! bo>ds on ! gr\nd ) ! side on :i* ! wires are jo9$ d[nw>ds4 ,!y keep ! feet f slipp+1 are easily clean$ by be+ up5d$ :5 !y are dry1 & all[ ! space "u !m to be rea*$ easily to pick up scraps ( food1 etc4 ,!re is no?+ m he>t break+ ?an hav+ to pursue y\r we>y c\rse = miles1 sometimes1 up tr5*es ) slipp]y sides & slop+1 wet1 trea*]\s bottoms4 ,9 ea* tr5* !re mu/ be dug\ts = ! m5 to sleep 94 ,! fir/ ones t are made w be v primitive1 & w be v mu* l a fireplace 9 a room--simply excavations 9 ! back wall ( ! tr5* almo/ on a level ) ! bottom ( x4 ,at fir/ !y us$ to be dug 9 ! front ( ! tr5*1 b ?is practice 0 discont9u$ z x 0 f\nd to weak5 ! p[] ( resi/ance ( ! v important p>apet4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t m lab\r c be exp5d$ ^u ! dug\ts1 & x w be f\nd advisable to con/ruct !m ( uni=m size1 six feet long by f\r feet wide by f\r feet high4 ,by hav+ !m uni=m we give ! eng9e]s a *ance to make frames t c be us$ to support ! ro( & ! sides & br+ !m well f ! re> to con/ruct ! dug\ts4 ,^! dim5sions d n make a v commodi\s home = f\r m51 b nev] m ?an ?ree ( a section 7( f\r7 are (f duty at ! same "t1 & besides !re is consid]able dang] 9 hav+ l>ge dug\ts1 z !y pres5t a correspond+ly l>g] t>get = ! guns4 ,a direct hit on a l>ge dug\t w (t5 br+ ! :ole ?+ cra%+ ab\t ! e>s ( ! inhabitants4 ,my own adjutant & "o ( my bro!r (fic]s 7 kill$ by fall+ beams 9 l>ge dug\ts4 ,! entrance to ! dug\ts mu/ be kept z small z possible s z to protect ! occupants f %ells t fall j outside4 ,! ,g]mans us$ to foll[ ! cu/om ( digg+ _m ( _! funk holes1 z !y 7 call$1 _m feet und]gr\nd4 ,sometimes !y w5t d[n tw5ty & ev5 ?irty feet4 ,! idea ( ?is 0 t !y c\ld retreat into ^! secure places dur+ a bomb>dm5t & !n em]ge ) _! ma*9e guns z soon z ! attack+ infantry _h />t$ to approa* ov] ,no ,man's ,l&4 ,we nev] foll[$ t cu/om1 = :ile x w "w at times1 yet ! attack+ infantry may be ^u y be=e y are aw>e ( x & h y at _! m]cy ) bayonets & bombs f ! p>apet4 ,?is ! ,g]mans h le>nt to _! co/ _m times on ! ,somme4 ,_m ef=ts h be5 made to con/ruct dug\ts1 reasonably ne> ! surface1 t w\ld be %ell pro(4 ,?is is a mo/ difficult matt]4 ,x is easy en\gh to make !m %rapnel-pro(4 ,a lay] ( galvanis$ iron on ! ro( cov]$ ) a foot ( loose e>? w accompli% ?is = ! velocity ( %rapnel is n great4 ,b ) high explosive %ells x is diff]5t4 ,x 0 se5 at ,lige & ,namur :at t]rific effects high explosive %ells fir$ f h[itz]s c\ld h ev5 on re-en=c$ concrete4 ,i am told t at ,port ,ar?ur1 a ,russian ,g5]al 0 kill$ 9 a %elt] t 0 cov]$ ) ov] twelve feet ( concrete4 ,! close/ we c approa* to a %ell-pro( dug\t on ! field is z foll[s3 ,dig an approa* tr5* ab\t t5 feet deep1 lead+ into a hole ( ?is dep?1 by any dim5sions y may *oose--say six feet squ>e4 ,put 9 supports = ! ro( t %all be f\r feet f ! floor4 ,ro( 9 ) /eel rails1 su* z are us$ on railroads1 !n cov] !m ) two or ?ree lay]s ( bricks t h be5 brok5 into small pieces4 ,leave a five-foot air space & !n place an exactly simil> ro( above & cov] ! :ole ) e>?4 ,small %ells w be /opp$ at ! fir/ set ( rails1 :ile l>ge ones may possibly pi]ce !m4 ,b ! effect ( ! explosion w mo/ly be tak5 up 9 ! air*amb] & ! dug\t itself protect$4 ,! read] w readily p]ceive ! difficulty ( con/ruct+ su* dug\t on ! field & !y c c]ta9ly n be provid$ = ! accommodation ( ! common soldi] h[ev] preci\s 8 life may be4 ,z ! days g by1 e ef=t mu/ be made to improve ! tr5*es4 ,?is c be done 9 _m ways1 "s ( :i* w be obvi\s4 ,! front l9e is1 ( c\rse1 ! mo/ important "o1 & ! greate/ am\nt ( "w has to be done !re4 ,b support & res]ve l9es z well mu/ be con/ruct$ & _m communicat+ tr5*es4 ,support l9es 7 usually dug at a di/ance ( ?irty to eighty y>ds f ! fir+ l9e4 ,9 !m we kept a few m5 to be us$ 9 case ( em]g5cy4 ,?is l9e 0 an exact duplicate ( ! front l9e & 0 int5d$ to be us$ 9 case we 7 pu%$ back4 ,! res]ve l9e 0 ab\t five to eight hundr$ y>ds back f ! front l9e & 0 n br\ght to any v great degree ( completion4 ,int]sp]s$ betwe5 ^! ?ree l9es 7 _m r$\bts1 or especially /rong po9ts conta9+ ma*9e guns1 etc41 ^: def5d]s 7 expect$ to hold on to ! v la/ & take advantage ( _! m secure position to make ! attack] pay de>ly = 8 advance4 ,all ^! l9es _h to be l9k$ up by communicat+ tr5*es1 :i* />t$ ab\t a mile 9 ! re> ( ! front l9e & w5t up 9 zigzag l9es to ! latt] position1 cross+ ! o!r tr5*es on _! way4 ,^! communicat+ tr5*es are us$ = ! purpose ( br++ up troops & supplies1 etc41 & = tak+ to ! re> ! m5 t h be5 w\nd$4 ,x is usually arrang$ to h "s ( ^! tr5*es ,up & "s ( !m ,d[n roads4 ,ea* l9e ( tr5*es 7except ( c\rse ! communicat+7 conta9 dug\ts = ! use ( ! troops t hold !m4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! communicat+ tr5*es v>ies f tw5ty-five y>ds to ?ree or f\r hundr$ accord+ to ! /ate ( p]fection ( ! tr5* sy/em4 ,= special weapons su* z ma*9e guns & bomb guns1 special %elt]s h to be made4 ,extra /rong p>apets are provid$ z well z head cov] ( railroad ties1 & e ef=t is made to keep ! exact position ( ! ma*9e guns secret f ! enemy4 ,we soon le>nt t he 0 v anxi\s to f9d our ma*9e guns & w\ld %ell u lib]ally 9 ! hope ( be+ able to locate !m4 ,c>e mu/ be giv5 to ! "q ( dra9age4 ,small dit*es %\ld be dug at int]vals ( a few y>ds to lead ! wat] to pits 9 ! re>4 ,9 ,fl&]s1 :]e we 7 v ne> riv] level1 we in/all$ h& & p[] pumps to keep ! wat] f tak+ possession ( ! tr5*es4 ,ev5 !n1 on ra9y days we sometimes 7 9 wat] up to our wai/s4 ,great c>e mu/ also be tak5 9 ! con/ruction ( latr9es4 ,! me?od t 0 foll[$ 0 to dig a %ort bl9d alley tr5* at "r angles to "o ( ! communicat+ tr5*es1 & at a di/ance ( twelve or fifte5 y>ds f ! front l9e4 ,/>t+ f ! end ( ?is bl9d alley1 ! tr5* 0 gradually fill$ 9 ) e>? z x 0 us$4 ,9 o!r cases biscuit t9s 7 us$ z receptacles & ! ord9>y sanit>y squads empti$ !m at specifi$ times into a fairly deep pit4 ,^! latr9es %\ld be well protect$ ) s&bags to keep ! enemy f f9d+ !m & tra9+ a ma*9e gun on !m1 9 ! k t !y 7 v likely to get "s ( ! m5 :o us$ !m dur+ ! day4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 gives ! pr9cipal po9ts 9 ! con/ruction ( ! tr5*es4 ,m5 %\ld be taught to dig !m 9 broad daylight at fir/ & !n :5 !y h le>nt ! knack1 !y %\ld be set to dig !m at night4 ,f "t to "t dur+ _! tra9+ !y %\ld be made to return--pref]ably to ! same sections ( ! tr5*es--to improve !m & ma9ta9 !m4 ,an excell5t s*eme is to arrange competitions among ! m5 to spur !m on to inv5t +5i\s devices = protect+ !mselves & _! fell[s dur+ _! occupation ( !m4 ,at c]ta9 times !y %\ld also be made to sp5d a night & !n sev]al nights !re1 go+ ?r\gh ! regul> r\t9e ( s5try duty1 /& to arms1 etc41 j z !y w h to d 9 real w>f>e4 ,ano!r s*eme is to *oose oppos+ sides ) tr5*es )9 easy rea*1 say1 tw5ty-five y>ds ap>t4 ,arrange a ?ree-day t\r ( ! tr5*es1 & let ea* side attempt to surprise ! o!r4 ,umpires c be /ation$ 9 ,no ,man's ,l& to decide z to ! relative m]its ( ! two sides4 ,at c]ta9 times1 additional int]e/ c be giv5 to ! conflict by "s h>mless missiles su* z s& bags 7)\t ! s&67 roll$ up & made into a ball ! size ( a base ball ) /r+4 ,^! w also give excell5t practice 9 bomb ?r[+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ag3 ,briti% soldi] fully equipp$ ) pack1 entr5*+ tool1 s&bags & /eel helmet4 ,! rules ( ! tr5*es c be summ$ up 9 a few words3 ,keep y\r spirits up & y\r head d[n4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,protection ,,( ,,tr5*es ,!re are two ?+s to be done aft] ! tr5*es h be5 dug--"o is to keep !m 9 ord]1 & ! o!r is to provide outside protection = !m4 ,! elem5ts !mselves are en\gh to play havoc ) ! s& bags & ! walls ( tr5*es1 b if y add to ?is ! fact t !y w imm$iately become ! m>ks = ! enemy gunn]s y w see t ! co/ ( upkeep is liable to be high4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( ! w> ! ,g]mans 7 suppli$ ) an am\nt ( %ells t enabl$ !m to d :at !y pleas$ ) our tr5*es )\t our be+ able to reply4 ,inde$1 = _m mon?s1 z is n[ well kn[n1 we 7 on an all[ance ( six %ells p] batt]y p] day1 or ab\t "o %ell p] gun p] day6 ,gunn]s w readily appreciate ! uselessness ( a /ock ( ?is k9d4 ,! result ( ?is discrepancy 9 ! numb] ( %ells 0 t ! enemy c\ld %ell u ) impunity4 ,he us$ to set to "w to break d[n our p>apets e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & !n1 kn[+ t we %\ld h to repair !m dur+ ! night1 w\ld tra9 ma*9e guns on ! bree*es t _h be5 made4 ,x is a v di%e>t5+ bus9ess to h ! p>apets t y h lab\r$ s h>d to con/ruct1 knock$ d[n 9 a few m9utes4 ,!re w\ld be "s consolation 9 be+ able to s]ve him ! same way1 b t 0 d5i$ u at t "t4 ,inde$1 "o ( ! be/ ways to pres]ve y\r tr5*es is to let him "k by exp]i5ce t e "t he breaks !m d[n1 y w d ! same ?+ to him4 ,e night !re w be some?+ to d 9 ?is connection4 ,no ef=t mu/ be sp>$ to get ! tr5*es into fir/-class condition & keep !m ?us4 ,x is v annoy+ to relieve a battalion t has la9 d[n on _! job dur+ _! t\r ( duty 9 ! l9e1 & to f9d t y h a great deal ( "w to d--"w t c\ld h be5 avoid$ if !y _h tak5 reasonable c>e ( ! "w t _h already be5 accompli%$ :5 !y took ov] ! tr5*es4 ,z to ! outside protection = ! tr5*es1 t consi/s = ! mo/ "p ( b>b$ wire4 ,sir ,ian ,hamilton1 9 8 report on ! ,d>danelles ,exp$ition1 paid a tribute to ! effectiv5ess ( ! ,turki% b>b$ wire4 ,x 0 ! means ( /opp+ a ,briti% advance m ?an once on ! ,p59sula1 j z x 0 9 ,france4 ,at ! battle ( ,aub]s ,ridge1 f\ght on ,may #i1 #aiae1 we suff]$ mo/ heavily f ! fact t ! wires _h n be5 cut1 & !re=e we 7 unable to make progress4 ,we _h to retreat1 leav+ a numb] ( our dead & w\nd$ be=e ! enemy l9es4 ,x w\ld be difficult to exagg]ate ! "p t b>b$ wires h play$ 9 ?is w>4 ,:]ev] !y are set up x means t a ?or\gh bomb>dm5t mu/ be made be=e an advance c be risk$4 ,! erection ( ^! entanglem5ts is really ! "w ( ,eng9e]s1 b s ext5sive is ! task t infantrym5 h to be call$ 9 to d ! pick & %ovel "w :ile ! eng9e]s d ! direct+4 ,/akes are driv5 deep into ! gr\nd1 & r\nd !m ! wire is twi/$ z x is tak5 f /ake to /ake4 ,"s wires are laid on a level ) ! gr\nd1 "s a few in*es above x1 !n all ! way up to t5 or fifte5 feet into ! air1 mak+ a regul> network4 ,we tri$ to h our wires ext5d+ ov] a wid? ( gr\nd ( at lea/ tw5ty feet4 ,b n only are b>b$ wires us$1 b also electrically *>g$ wires 9 "s cases1 ?\gh betwe5 ! l9es !y w seldom be ( mu* use = a s+le %ell may %ort circuit ! sy/em & x be r5d]$ h>mless4 ,an effective me?od 0 t ( plac+ trip wires ne> ! gr\nd1 & !n a little beyond !m bayonets ) ! %>p po9ts upp]mo/1 or po9t$ /icks1 s t :5 ! man tripp$ ov] ! wire he w\ld fall & impale himself on ! spikes4 ,sometimes bombs 7 atta*$ to ! wires 9 places :]e x 0 ?\ght likely t ! enemy w\ld attempt to cut !m or come ?r\gh !m4 ,z ^! entanglem5ts h to be erect$ dur+ ! night & "u ! fire ( ! enemy x w be se5 t x becomes exce$+ly dang]\s "w4 ,b x has to be done1 & ! risk mu/ be tak5 = ! sake ( ! additional security x w give to ! tr5*es4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ?is is "w to :i* ! consci5ti\s objectors 9 ,engl&--! ,pacifi/s "h--might be put4 ,x is necess>y "w = ! pres]vation ( life1 & is n specifically milit>y4 ,x is lab\r]'s "w4 ,!re is no *ance ( fight+ out !re nor ( tak+ human life4 ,!n x (f]s an excell5t opportunity ( w9n+ ! m>tyr's cr[n because "s "o is sure to turn a ma*9e gun on y if y rema9 out !re long en\gh4 ,all ( ^! po9ts %\ld appeal to ,pacifi/s4 ,b ! greate/ reason f our po9t ( view is t x w\ld save ! lives ( valuable m56 ,! m5 9 ! tr5*es are fur!r protect$ by m5 ^: bus9ess x is to g out into ,no ,man's ,l& & rema9 !re h\rs at a "t1 ly+ 9 "s k9d ( hole1 & li/5+ to be able to detect ! pres5ce ( ! enemy4 ,%\ld ! enemy make 8 appe>ance 9 small p>ties1 ^! li/5+ po/s c usually take c>e ( !m1 b :5 !y are 9 l>ge p>ties1 ! li/5+ po/ m5 return to ! tr5*es & give w>n+4 ,! be/ n]ves are ne$$ by ! m5 :o g out into ! op5 to d ?is "w1 & soon] or lat] e "o has to take a turn at x4 ,^! li/5+ po/s are sometimes entirely disconnect$ f ! tr5*es1 & out beyond _! own b>b$ wire1 ?r\gh :i* ! m5 h to make a passage = ! "t be+1 & ( c\rse keep x secret4 ,b sometimes !y are connect$ ) ! fire tr5* by a %all[ tr5* or sap :i* is dug out into ! neutral t]ritory :5ev] circum/ances are fav\rable4 ,:5 ! troops l&$ at ,suvla ,bay1 on ! ,p59sula1 !y f\nd sev]al excell5t wat] holes t 7 mo/ invit+ to p>*$ & ?ir/y m54 ,a ru% 0 made = !m1 :5 sudd5ly a t]rific explosion 0 he>d1 & doz5s ( m5 fell flat on ! gr\nd1 "s dead1 "s w\nd$4 ,! ,turks _h tak5 ! precaution to place l& m9es r\nd ^! wells1 & z soon z !y 7 /epp$ ^u1 ! m9es w5t (f4 ,?is is a g5u9e ruse ( w> & 0 us$ also betwe5 ! l9es4 ,! ,turks nev] resort$ to ! trea*]y t ,g5]al ,bo?a _h to ov]come 9 ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa :]e he f\nd ! wells1 n m9$1 b poison$4 ,a rec5t report f ,france tells u t 9 ! pres5t retreat ! ,g]mans are employ+ ! same da/>dly tactics4 ,x is "o ?+ to protect y\r tr5*es or y\r l9e ( retreat2 x is q ano!r to take ! lives ( m5 9 ?is b>b>\s way4 ,tr5*es dug 9 ! =ego+ mann] & protect$ by b>b$ wire w give ! infantryman a *ance to live4 ,b he w increase or decrease ! probability ( com+ out alive accord+ z he is c>eful or c>eless dur+ ! "t he is !re4 ,no?+1 ( c\rse1 c save ! m5 if ! enemy is det]m9$ to ?or\ghly %ell ! l9e1 & ! ord]s are to hold x4 ,! sane/ ?+ :5 a bomb>dm5t beg9s is to )draw to ! next safe l9e4 ,b ! enemy w sometimes be cont5t to all[ m5 to rema9 9 _! tr5*es = a :ile )\t %ell+ !m provid$ !y d n wilfully provoke him4 ,a column ( smoke aris+ f ! tr5*es :]e ! m5 7 cook+ 0 usually consid]$ by ! enemy z provocation1 & ov] ! %ells w\ld come4 ,?is br+s u to ! po9t t ,i wi% to make reg>d+ fires4 ,! m5 mu/ eat dur+ _! t\r ( duty1 & !y mu/ h hot food1 consequ5tly fires ( "s k9d are ne$$4 ,b !y %\ld be made ( v small pieces ( wood cut up ) a pocket knife s small t !y w n give (f any smoke4 ,by foll[+ ?is me?od a safe & v hot fire c be made4 ,at times we 7 suppli$ ) small quantities ( *>coal :i* 0 v acceptable4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 m lib]ties 9 ?is connection c usually be tak5 9 ! fir+ tr5* ?an 9 ! support or res]ve tr5*es4 ,! enemy kn[s p]fectly well m5 are 9 ! fir+ tr5*4 ,he sees f ! rifle fire t t is mann$1 b x is a good ?+ to keep him guess+ ab\t ! o!r tr5*es4 ,= ! same reason !re %\ld nev] be any unnecess>y noise 9 ! tr5*es4 ,x provokes ! enemy to ?r[ bombs & o!r unwelcome missiles4 ,i h indicat$ t ! pres5t =m ( tr5*es1 be+ 9 a cont9u\s l9e1 makes x necess>y ei!r to con/ruct loopholes or to look ov] ! top ( ! p>apet 9 ord] to fire4 ,i h indicat$ too t !re are sev]al =ms ( rifles t c be fir$ ?r\gh p]iscopes1 b ^! mu/ z yet be consid]$ special & are n = ! ord9>y man to use4 ,no d\bt su* a rifle w be inv5t$ & g5]ally us$ 9 ! future4 ,b 9 ?is w> we soon le>n$ t x 0 unheal?y to put our heads above ! p>apet any m frequ5tly ?an we _h to4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] to see :at ! enemy 0 ab\t1 & to wait = snip+ opportunities we us$ p]iscopes4 ,"s ( ^? t 7 br\ght to ,france 7 huge cumb]some boxes t made a f9e m>k = ! enemy's %>p%oot]s4 ,b ! k9d t 0 mo/ g5]ally us$ aft] ! fir/ six mon?s ( ! w> 0 t :i* consi/$ ( a /ick ) two slant+ grooves 9 x1 "o ne> ea* end1 into :i* grooves small mirrors c\ld be fitt$4 ,we f\nd !m q effective1 & %\ld an accid5t happ5 & a mirror be brok5 !y 7 easily replac$ f ! /ore we c>ri$ ) u = t purpose4 ,n hav+ a box ( any k9d !y 7 v difficult to see f ! enemy l9es4 ,c]ta9 gunn]s :o us$ to come to ! tr5*es z ,=w>d ,obs]v+ ,(fic]s 7 equipp$ ) a spl5did p]iscope t _h beautiful l5ses 9 x4 ,b x 0 v co/ly & c\ld n easily be repair$ if once damag$4 ,to make ! image 9 ! p]iscope cle>]1 b9ocul>s c be appli$ to ! l[] glass at ! prop] angle1 & almo/ z cle> a view obta9$ z by look+ ov] ! p>apet4 ,"o disadvantage ( ! p]iscope is t x makes ! di/ance seem great] ?an x really is1 & _m a man receives a %ock :5 he places 8 head above ! p>apet aft] look+ ?r\gh a p]iscope = a :ile1 to see h[ close ! enemy tr5*es are4 ,tr5*es are expos$ to attack n only f ! surface b also f ! air & f b5ea? ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,a]oplanes come ov] & drop /eel d>ts or bombs1 & only v /rong head cov] c give protection aga9/ !m4 ,b x is v h>d to hit a tr5* f ! air ) a missile ( ?is k9d1 & ! dang] to ! m5 9 ! tr5*es is n v great4 ,by f> ! great] dang] comes f m9+4 ,m5 mu/ be on ! wat* all ! "t to detect ^! op]ations ( ! enemy & to =e/all !m :]e possible4 ,special in/rum5ts l giant /e?oscopes h be5 inv5t$ & m5 are told (f to hold !m to ! gr\nd to detect ! s\nds ( digg+4 ,b1 :ile ^! in/rum5ts are ( use1 ! be/ means is a well tra9$ e>4 ,if ! enemy is discov]$ m9+ t[>ds y\r position1 ! only ?+ to d is to c\nt]m9e him & try & bl[ him up be=e he is ready to t\* (f ! fuse t is int5d$ = y\r de/ruction4 ,x is n an easy matt] to decide j :]e ! c\nt]m9e %\ld be sunk or h[ f> to g4 ,_m combats h be5 f\ght ) pick & %ovel 9 ! b[els ( ! e>? 9 cases :]e "o side or ! o!r has brok5 ?r\gh ! gall]y4 ,b any risk mu/ be tak5 r ?an let ! enemy enjoy un9t]rupt$ 8 "w ( m9+ y4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,artill]y ,,fire ,x may be desirable to indicate ! v>i\s k9ds ( %ell fire to :i* tr5* m5 are expos$4 7,i pass ov] rifle fire :i* is h>mless s long z m5 keep _! heads d[n & avoid corn]s f :i* !y c be enfilad$47 ,no am\nt ( caution w save a man f %ells if !y happ5 to be fall+ 9 8 neighb\rhood4 ,! mo/ frequ5t visitor ( ! %ell v>iety is ( c\rse ! %ell f ! field gun4 ,! ,briti% use an #ah-p\nd]1 ! ,fr5* a #ge millimetre1 & ! ,g]mans a #gg millimetre--all %ells ( ab\t ! same calibre 7#c in*es74 ,( ^! ! be/ gun is und\bt$ly ! ,fr5*1 :i* is a p]fectly m>vell\s piece ( me*anism4 ,b all ( !m are deadly 9 _! effects4 ,!y may fire ei!r %rapnel or high explosive--always spok5 ( 9 ! army z ,h4 ,e4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! %ell t is fir$ conta9s a nose t comes (f at ! "t = :i* x is set1 & lib]ates hundr$s ( small r\nd lead5 bullets4 ,^! g out 9 cone %ape & spray ! gr\nd r\nd ab\t4 ,%rapnel is v effective aga9/ m5 9 ! op5 b ( little use :5 !y are entr5*$1 = v few ( ! bullets f any %ell w ent] ! dit* itself4 ,:5 ! ,briti% army fir/ took ! field !y _h v little ,h4 ,e4 ,%rapnel _h be5 us$ successfully 9 ,s\? ,africa1 & x 0 ?\ght x w\ld d 9 ,france4 ,! proportions us$ 7 #if p] c5t %rapnel to #d p] c5t ,h4 ,e4 ,we le>nt our lessons de>ly--z we usually d--& 9 "t we came to realise t = break+ d[n p>apets %rapnel 0 absolutely useless4 ,! proportion t is n[ us$ is ab\t #ij p] c5t ,h4 ,e4 to #aj p] c5t ( %rapnel4 ,! soldi]s us$ to call ! #gg mill4 %ells ( ! ,g]mans ,pip-squeaks4 ,!y us$ to give a pip & !n a squeak4 ,if y he>d ! fir/ & did n he> ! second y 7 dead1 :ile1 if y he>d !m bo? y c\ld consid] y\rself /ill alive4 ,ano!r famili> "n = !m 0 t ( ,*eeky ,*>lies1 f ! fact t !y _h ! habit ( com+ 9 )\t be+ ann\nc$4 ,9 addition to ! field guns !re are ! ,m$iums or guns ( ab\t #e in*es calibre4 ,! famili> "n = ! ,g]man %ell fir$ f !m 0 ! ,crump--by reason ( ! fact t !y sat d[n alongside y ) a t]rific ,crump z _! greet+4 ,z 9 ! =m] case1 ^? :o c\ld report hav+ he>d ! ,crump 7 /ill alive4 ,!n !re are v>i\s long range guns betwe5 five & n9e in*es 9 calibre4 ,b long range guns d n play ! "p t high-angle or ,h[itz] guns d4 ,! ,g]mans wa/$ a good _m %ells 9 fir+ at t>gets ev5 z f> away z tw5ty-?ree miles1 b n[adays %ells are usually kept = t>gets t !re is a fair *ance ( hitt+ & n = bl9d fir+4 ,! ,h[itz] t has come to play a v l>ge "p 9 ! op]ations ( ! ,briti% is ! gun t is famili>ly call$ ,"m--a gun ( #i4b in*es calibre & :i* projects a v weighty %ell4 ,! ,g]mans h a correspond+ gun ( a little l>g] bore4 ,la/ ( all !re come ! great guns ( #ae & #af in* calibre4 ,^! guns ne$ concrete f\ndations & _c be set up 9 a hurry4 ,=tunately--= !m--! ,g]mans _h a numb] ( ^! f\ndations already prep>$ 9 unsuspect+ ,france & ,belgium long be=e ! w>4 ,our own gun ( ?is size we call ,gr&mo!r4 ,! %ells t fall f ! ,g]man guns ( ! l>ge/ size we call by v>i\s names--ei!r ,b]?a ,krupps f ! "n ( ! proprietress ( ! great gun works at ,ess52 or ,fat ,b]?as = ! same reason2 or ,jack ,johnsons f _! h>d-hitt+ capacity2 or coal boxes1 black m>ias1 etc41 etc4 ,! effect ( ^! %ells 0 t]rific1 z may be imag9$1 b !re 7 _m occasions :5 !y pi]c$ s deep into ! s(t gr\nd t a good deal ( ! =ce ( _! explosion 0 lo/4 ,( c\rse = "w aga9/ =ts !re is no?+ l !m4 ,!y op5$ ! eyes ( ! _w f _! t]rible de/ructive =ce %[n at ,lige & ,namur4 ,ak9 to %ells 9 _! effects are ! n[ famili> bombs4 ,^! are ( all v>ieties & sizes4 ,!y range f ! small h& gr5ade t is ab\t ! size ( an ord9>y lemon & is simply heav$ into ! oppos+ tr5* by ! soldi]s1 to ! imm5se bombs weigh+ two hundr$ & fifty p\nds t are ?r[n f tr5* mort>s1 or guns ( %ort b>rel & v wide m\?s4 ,x 0 a long "t be=e ! ,briti% army appreciat$ ! value ( bombs & we c\ld n get a supply ( !m4 ,! ,tommies set to "w to manufacture !m 9 ! tr5*es & a good _m lives 7 lo/ !re ?r\gh premature explosions4 ,practice is absolutely necess>y be=e a man is fit to be all[$ to h&le a live bomb4 ,he %\ld be tra9$ fir/ ( all to ?r[ a t9 fill$ ) /ones1 & le>n ! trick ( lett+ x g at ! correct mom5t4 ,! fir/ "t a man ?r[s a bomb he is simply anxi\s to get rid ( x )\t any reg>d = ! "t ! fuse has be5 burn+4 ,mo/ fuses n[ are five seconds & t "t mu/ be calculat$ to a nicety to get ! be/ results4 ,if a bomb is ?r[n too soon1 ! enemy may pick x up & ?r[ x back--?is has happ5$ _m hundr$s ( times4 ,x %\ld be reta9$ 9 ! h& dur+ ! fir/ & second seconds at lea/ & !n ?r[n s z to explode ,,ov] ! enemy tr5* on ! fif? second4 ,our m5 7 taught to get out ( ! way ( bombs com+ into ! tr5*es if !y c\ld--!re is no use /ay+ to be bl[n up "u ord9>y tr5* conditions--b if !y 7 "u su* circum/ances t !y c\ld n get out ( ! way !y 7 suppos$ to cat* !m & ?r[ !m away1 or ?r[ !m back z ha/ily z possible4 ,m5 become exp]ts 9 ?is j z !y d 9 cat*+ base balls4 ,:]e a bomb c\ld n be pick$ up & endang]$ ! lives ( m5 9 ! tr5* :o c\ld n get away f x1 m5 h (t5 ?r[n _! bodies ^u x1 & ?us1 9 a mo/ gallant & self-sacrific+ way1 giv5 _! lives = _! comrades4 ,( c\rse cat*+ !m is out ( ! "q :5 x comes to ! l>ge bombs4 ,abs5ce ( body !n is bett] ?an all ! pres5ce ( m9d4 ,:5 !y actually hit ! tr5*--:i* is a v difficult ?+ to d--!y d frightful damage4 ,b :5 !y miss _! m>k !y usually op5 up a lot ( e>? ei!r be=e or beh9d ! tr5*1 & p]haps lay out a man or two ) concussion4 ,( ! same v>iety are a]ial torp$oes :i* are simply bombs ) flanges on _! tails to give !m direction4 ,sometimes ! bombs t 7 s5t ov] 7 n ,h4 ,e4 9 ! s5se t !y explod$ a /eel %ell t s5t its v>i\s pieces l>ge & small hurtl+ ?r\gh ! air1 b 7 simply l>ge oil drums ) a quantity ( ,h4 ,e4 9 !m4 ,m5 7 kill$ "r & left1 n f be+ hit ) any?+1 b m]ely f hav+ be5 9 ! neighb\rhood :5 !y explod$4 ,rifle gr5ades are a =m ( bomb on ! end ( a /ick t fits into ! muzzle ( ! rifle & is !n dis*>g$ by means ( a blank c>tridge4 ,!y are effective only at %ort di/ances4 ,inde$1 ev5 ) tr5* mort>s1 ! projectiles c seldom be hurl$ m ?an f\r hundr$ y>ds1 s t !y are almo/ always us$ on ! fire tr5*es & are nev] direct$ to tr5*es f>!r back4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,gas ,,& ,,liquid ,,fire ,a new & deadly =m ( w>f>e is ! use ( ,,gas4 ,until ,april1 #aiae1 we knew no?+ ab\t x & !n we _h to face x to our great co/4 ,we _h no masks & no app>atus ( any k9d to help u combat x4 ,hav+ be5 tak5 by surprise 9 an engagem5t t almo/ co/ u ,calais1 we set to "w to devise means to c\nt]act x4 ,! me?od adopt$ is ! helmet1 made ( clo?1 & v mu* l a fireman's smoke helmet4 ,x has l>ge goggles simil> to ! ones t motori/s we>4 ,! clo? is kept saturat$ ) a solution ( ammonia :i* acts z a neutralis] ( ! *lor9e gas4 ,a tube passes ?r\gh ! clo? into ! m\?1 & ?r\gh ?is tube ! air f ! lungs is brea!d out4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 fatal to inhale air ?r\gh x1 & all ! air t is brea!d 9 has to be inhal$ ?r\gh ! clo? ( ! helmet4 ,! importance ( tra9+ ! soldi] to be able to meet gas _c be ov]emphasis$4 ,he %\ld be drill$ frequ5tly ) ! helmet on to accu/om him to ! feel+ ( x1 & al>ms %\ld be s\nd$ f "t to "t to tea* him to don ! helmet z rapidly z possible4 ,9 "s ( ! milit>y s*ools 9 ,france ! m5 7 actually tak5 )\t helmets into *amb]s :]e !re 0 j en\gh gas to make !m realise x 0 !re1 & 7 !n s5t into o!r *amb]s ) a deadly mixture ( gas ) _! helmets on4 ,?is tra9+ makes !m realise ! importance ( helmets4 ,_m =ms ( helmets h be5 us$ f "t to "t1 & 9 ?is matt] z 9 _m o!rs we h le>nt f our enemies4 ,= ! mo/ rec5t ,briti% mask conta9s ! nosebox or beak :i* con=ms to ! ,g]man model4 ,z 9 mo/ o!r ?+s1 simplicity is to be desir$ :]e x c be comb9$ ) effectiv5ess1 & x is ! simplicity ( ! clo? helmet ) ! tube t ev5 to-day comm5ds x to _m critics above ! box =ms--^? t require an indep5d5t supply ( oxyg54 ,:]e m5 su* z gunn]s are liable to be expos$ to fumes = "s consid]able l5g? ( "t1 ei!r f cyl9d] gas or f %ells or ev5 f te> %ells1 or mu/ cont9ue at _! po/s at any co/s1 an indep5d5t fre% air supply is necess>y4 ,detail$ in/ruction also %\ld be giv5 z to :at m5 are to d dur+ & aft] ! gas attacks2 = !re are "s =ms ( gas t d n appe> to affect ! individual at all1 & !n all ( a sudd51 :5 he beg9s to use 8 limbs1 he drops dead f he>t failure4 ,in/ruction on ?is subject mu/ come f ! m$ical & *emical exp]ts :o h made a close /udy ( ! effects ( gas4 ,alli$ to gas is ,,liquid ,,fire4 ,?is fire is project$ 9 long /reams f ! nozzles ( pipes t come f a high pressure cyl9d]1 sometimes plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! tr5*1 & sometimes c>ri$ on ! backs ( special m54 ,^! globules ( burn+ oil t are s5t =? rea* a di/ance ( ?irty or =ty feet f ! nozzle ( ! pipe4 ,! effect ( liquid fire is m t]rible ?an words c tell1 & x requires great brav]y on ! "p ( troops to h !m advance 9 ! face ( ^! /reams4 ,cl\ds ( ,,smoke z well z gas are us$4 ,"o ( ! ruses t 0 adopt$ at ! battle ( ,loos 0 to project smoke =w>d = a few m9utes until ! enemy %\ld become q us$ to x1 & !n s5d out /reams & waves ( gas to take him unaw>es4 ,^! are frightful me?ods ( w>f>e :i* ! ,allies h _h to turn to 9 ord] n to all[ ! enemy1 f 8 violation ( 8 pl$g$ ^w1 & contr>y to ! rules ( w>f>e1 to ga9 an unfair advantage4 ,b !re are _m ( u :o believe t no o!r enemy ?an ! ,g]mans w\ld h desc5d$ to ^! dep?s ( infamy4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,attack--,,def5ce ,soon] or lat] 9 ! c\rse ( 8 tr5* exp]i5ce ! soldi] w be subject$ to an infantry attack4 ,artill]y %ell+1 a]oplane attacks1 m9+1 etc41 are "p ( ev]yday's programme1 b infantry attacks come only n[ & !n4 ,!y may come at any "t & ! enemy is n 9 ! habit ( ann\nc+ !m be=eh&4 ,x is n likely t !y w occur 9 broad daylight )\t any w>n+4 ,if !y are to be made !n1 !y w be prec$$ always by a conc5trat$ artill]y prep>ation4 ,night is ! dang] "t4 ,!re are two p]iods ( special dang]--"o1 ! h\r be=e sunrise1 & ! o!r ! h\r aft] sunset4 ,at ^! times !re is suffici5t light = m5 to be able to see _! way to advance ov] almo/ any gr\nd1 & n suffici5t light = ! def5d+ =ce to be able to take c>eful sight ) _! rifles & ma*9e guns1 etc4 ,consequ5tly ^! h\rs are ! mo/ fav\rable = mak+ an attack1 & e "o mu/ be on ! al]t to w>d !m (f4 ,^! times are call$ ,/& tos or prop]ly ,/& to arms4 ,:ile !y la/1 e (fic] & e man ( ! front & support l9e is on duty4 ,rifles are clean$1 inspect$ & load$1 bombs1 gas-masks1 revolv]s1 bayonets1 etc41 are got ready1 & e "o rema9s at 8 po/ ( duty4 ,9 ! blackness ( night & 9 ! broad light ( day ! dang] is mu* less & consequ5tly "s ( ! =ce c be reliev$ = o!r tasks1 dur+ ! night1 or = re/ dur+ ! day4 ,%\ld an attack be made1 x becomes ! bus9ess ( ! m5 9 ! tr5* to hold ! enemy (f j z long z !y c1 at :atev] co/ to !mselves1 :ile "s "o telegraphs back = ! supports & res]ves1 & possibly = ! assi/ance ( ! artill]y4 ,tr5*es mu/ nev] be surr5d]$ )\t giv+ ^! fre% m5 a *ance to rega9 ! advantage1 & %\ld ! tr5* be lo/1 a c\nt] attack mu/ be imm$iately arrang$ be=e ! enemy has _h "t to rev]se ! tr5*es & connect !m up by saps & communicat+ tr5*es ) 8 own sy/em4 ,no "t mu/ be lo/1 = ! long] ! delay1 ! great] ! difficulty ( mak+ ! c\nt] attack successful4 ,z to ! me?ods ( hold+ ! tr5* aga9/ an infantry attack1 x w be evid5t t ! m5 mu/ take up _! position on ! fir+ /ep & fire z rapidly & z /eadily z !y c4 ,bombs %\ld be kept & ?r[n only :5 ! enemy has got well )9 range = !m4 ,ma*9e guns c d effective "w ( c\rse & ! artill]y %\ld be communicat$ ) & !y w op5 fire ) %rapnel4 ,:]e ammunition p]mits1 a b>rage or curta9 ( fire %\ld !n be e/abli%$ beh9d ! enemy's front l9e to prev5t him br++ up res]ves to take ! place ( ^? t h fall51 & also to weak5 him = ! "t :5 a c\nt] attack on him has to be made4 ,/> %ells1 t illum9ate ! gr\nd1 w ( c\rse h be5 fir$ to give ! ma*9e gunn]s & ! rifle m>ksm5 a bett] *ance to f9d _! t>gets4 ,ob$i5ce1 /ead9ess & t5acity are requir$ ( ! m51 & only tra9+ & exp]i5ce w develop ^! excell5t soldi]ly qualities4 ,! poor type ( soldi] w ei!r =get to use 8 weapon altoge!r or else fire wildly & uselessly4 ,an infantry attack is n a pleasant exp]i5ce1 b soldi]s mu/ be taught to expect x1 & t x w probably give !m ! opportunity ( us+ ! f9al & greate/ weapon ( ! infantryman--! bayonet4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,attack--,,(f5ce ,tr5*es c only be consid]$ z devices = af=d+ tempor>y protection dur+ ! "t t prep>ations are be+ made = deliv]+ an attack4 ,no "o wants to rema9 9 tr5*es = ev]4 ,at ! be/ x is a mis]able k9d ( life1 & f a milit>y po9t ( view1 x gets n[h]e4 ,nor is x capable ( be+ ma9ta9$ )\t great loss 9 m54 ,s co/ly did x become to u1 & s great 0 ! monotony & ! feel+ ( helplessness1 t we welcom$ ! ^w :5 x came to u to deliv] an attack4 ,at lea/ t w\ld br+ u action1 & give a v>iety to life4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( ! w>1 attacks _h almo/ always to be made )\t suffici5t artill]y prep>ation4 ,ev5 at ! ,battle ( ,neuve ,*apelle1 :]e we assembl$ ov] #dhj guns on a little m ?an a mile ( front--a great] collection ?an _h ev] be5 got toge!r 9 hi/ory--we _h n suffici5t artill]y prep>ation = ! attack t 0 to be made4 ,!re 7 en\gh guns b n en\gh %ells to fire f !m4 ,! result 0 t mu* ( ! enemy's wire 0 /ill intact :5 ! infantry ru%$ ov]1 & ! advance 0 held up 9 c]ta9 important po9ts :]e we c\ld be enfilad$4 ,we h le>nt t ! only me?od ( deliv]+ an infantry attack aga9/ prep>$ positions is to give !m a ?or\gh hamm]+ ) %ells4 ,e p>ticle ( wire %\ld be de/roy$1 s z to elim9ate ! risk ( m5 be+ %ot d[n z !y attempt to pass ?r\gh x4 ,at ! ,battle ( ,loos our guns bomb>d$ _! l9es f ,monday morn+ to ,saturday morn+1 & kept hamm]+ at !m s z n to give !m a *ance to repair ei!r _! wire or _! p>apets4 ,an effective curta9 ( fire 0 e/abli%$ at ! same "t to r5d] x impossible = !m to br+ food & supplies up to ! l9e t we 7 ab\t to attack4 ,= ! la/ t5 m9utes be=e ! m5 actually w5t ov] ! p>apet1 !re 0 a p]fect tornado ( %ells fall+ ^u & beh9d _! l9es4 ,any "o :o rema9$ at 8 po/ alive dur+ ! previ\s days w\ld f9d x almo/ impossible to cont9ue !re dur+ ?is deluge4 ,if ! artill]y prep>ation is adequate1 ! battle is half ov]4 ,g5]al ,haig's successes on ! ,somme1 & ! consequ5t ,g]man retreat on a l>ge scale1 h be5 due1 9 ! fir/ place to ! excell5t "w ( ! gunn]s4 ,( c\rse ! gunn]s !mselves h be5 dep5d5t on _m o!r bran*es ( ! s]vice pre-em95t among :i* is ! a]oplane corps4 ,t>gets are seldom se5 by ! gunn]s :o h to dep5d = _! in=mation on ! m5 :o c fly ahead & come back ) actual photographs ( ! positions to be bomb>d$4 ,too great emphasis _c be plac$ ^u ! "w ( ^! gallant fly+ m54 ,dur+ ! battles ( ! ,somme1 !y h n only be5 do+ ?is reconnaissance "w = ! gunn]s1 b !y h be5 fly+ v l[ aft] !y rea*$ ! enemy t]ritory & us+ _! ma*9e guns on ! advanc+ or retreat+ infantry4 ,s l[ did !y fly1 inde$1 t ! enemy did n risk fir+ ^u !m ) _! guns = fe> ( hitt+ _! own m54 ,!y 7 fairly safe z f> z ! oppos+ infantry 0 conc]n$ = ! man 9 ! ma*9e is well protect$ f bel[ & at ! sides f rifle bullets4 ,:ile ! artill]y is active1 ! junior artill]y1 ! bomb gunn]s mu/ also get to "w to ?r[ ov] z mu* ,h4 ,e4 z possible to break d[n ! resi/ance ( ! enemy4 ,!n aga9 !re is ! gas1 :i* has n[ come to be us$ z a def9ite "p ( an (f5sive4 ,gas is convey$ to ! tr5*es 9 l>ge drums1 "u pressure1 & at ! prop] mom5t is lib]at$ 9 waves aga9/ ! enemy4 ,x %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( tra9$ m5 :o c be tru/$ n to lib]ate x a mom5t be=e ! "t comes4 ,:ile gas has prov$ v effective "u c]ta9 circum/ances--& almo/ decid$ ! fate ( ,calais e>ly 9 #aiae--yet x is obvi\sly dep5d5t ^u ! wea!r & especially ! w9d4 ,ev5 if ! direction ( ! w9d is correct = ! use ( gas1 ! k9d ( w9d may n be suitable at ! mom5t4 ,! w9d mu/ n be high nor squally1 b ne$s to be l[ & g5tle1 j suffici5t to c>ry ! gas across to ! oppos+ tr5*es )\t dissipat+ x on ! j\rney4 ,!n aga9 x mu/ be rememb]$ t x c seldom rea* ! gunn]s :o may op5 up int5sive fire on ! tr5*es f :i* x is be+ lib]at$1 bur/ ! drums & make ! place unt5able4 ,( c\rse all ! m5 :o are employ$ 9 lib]at+ gas %\ld be w>n$ to h _! helmets 9 position to gu>d aga9/ ^! em]g5cies1 & also aga9/ leaks 9 ! drums4 ,gas masks mu/ be te/$ daily to see t !y d n admit any ( ?is deadly poison4 ,9 addition to ^! prep>ations1 a good _m reconnaissance p>ties mu/ be s5t night aft] night out into ,no ,man's ,l& to map x ?or\ghly1 place direct+ bo>ds !re1 dig small saps to facilitate an advance1 & le>n ! condition ( :at rema9s ( ! enemy wire4 ,?is "w is difficult & dang]\s1 & mu/ be giv5 to tru/wor?y1 brave1 res\rceful m54 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! enemy w probably come out into ?is neutral t]ritory at night to try & le>n ! plans ( ! oppos+ side1 j z !y are try+ to le>n 8 plans4 ,_m bloody conflicts h tak5 place out !re "u cov] ( d>kness :5 ! patrol f "o side has ent]$ into conflict ) ! patrol f ! o!r4 ,^? 9 *>ge ( ! attack w arrange t at a specifi$ "t ! bomb>dm5t w cease1 & ! m5 leap ov] ! p>apets4 ,?is "t is usually arrang$ =1 say1 "o m9ute aft] six1 or ?irte5 m9utes aft] eight--"s "t :i* ! enemy _c guess accurately4 ,dur+ ! f9al awful t5 m9utes1 ! f9i%+ t\*es are giv5 to rifles & bombs & revolv]s4 ,!n exactly at ! appo9t$ "t ! electric buzz]s 9 ! tr5*es s\nd ! signal to advance4 ,! fir/ man ov] ! p>apet is always an (fic]4 ,unlike ! ,g]mans1 we d n drive our m5 b expect !m to foll[ u1 & ?is acc\nts 9 "p = ! v sev]e casualties t h be5 suff]$ by ,briti% (fic]s4 ,:]e ! di/ance betwe5 tr5*es is %ort1 say1 a c\ple ( hundr$ y>ds1 x is cov]$ z fa/ z m5 c run4 ,x is a v]itable race ) dea?2 = ! enemy mu/ n be all[$ to recov] f ! bomb>dm5t 9 "t to get 8 ma*9e guns up into position aga9 be=e ! infantry arrives be=e 8 tr5*es4 ,! attack+ infantry mu/ ?r[ !mselves d[n into ! tr5*es & beg9 "w at once ) bomb & bayonet4 ,s9ce ! enemy has adopt$ ! plan ( hav+ 8 dug\ts deep d[n 9 ! e>?1 x is a little easi] to rea* him be=e he is able to em]ge4 ,9 ?is "w bombs are mo/ effective4 ,all ( ! enemy communicat+ tr5*es mu/ be effectively b>ricad$ or protect$ by bomb]s & riflem5 to keep him f br++ up any res]ves & ?us tak+ ! attack+ =ce f a flank4 ,9 an attack ( ?is k9d ! gr\nd _c be cov]$ too rapidly1 & no ?\ght mu/ be giv5 to cov]4 ,b :5 attacks h to be made ov] long di/ances1 ! plan is ei!r to dig out saps t w rea* to )9 a reasonable *>g+ di/ance ( ! enemy1 or else h ! infantry proce$ at a mod]ate & /eady pace1 s z n to arrive at _! objective w9d$ & useless = bayonet "w4 ,! pr9ciple ( hav+ sectional ru%es :ile neighb\r+ sections op5 rapid fire w be f\nd useful4 ,! ,g]man me?od ( advance is *>act]is$ by ! close ord] =mation1 ! ,briti% by ! op5 ord] =mation4 ,! ,g]man tra9+ is su* t he _c act indep5d5tly to any v great degree1 b ne$s to feel ! support ( ano!r /rong arm ne> him1 if possible t\*+ him4 ,!y attack 9 waves ( m5 pack$ s closely toge!r t x is impossible to miss !m if y get a %ot at !m at all1 & ( c\rse !y are ideal m>ks = ma*9e guns4 ,b 9 ! ,briti% & ,fr5* armies m5 are tra9$ to be self-reliant & to advance ev5 :5 !y seem to be alone4 ,an int]val ( ?ree paces is usually ma9ta9$ betwe5 individuals1 & t r5d]s !m less ( a t>get = m>ksm54 ,!y are also tra9$ to take comm& ( o!r m5 %\ld _! (fic]s or non-commission$ (fic]s be put out ( action4 ,%\ld any ( ! enemy wires be /ill intact1 !y mu/ be cut by ! fir/ com]s s z n to hold up ! ma9 attack4 ,?is is done by ord9>y wire cutt]s--:i* e man is suppos$ to c>ry z "p ( 8 equipm5t--or else by a new device t is atta*$ to c]ta9 rifles4 ,by means ( ?is a numb] ( ! wires are caught toge!r & !n :5 ! rifle is fir$ ! bullet cuts !m & a passage ?r\gh is made4 ,if ! tr5* %\ld be successfully tak5 & all ! enemy dispos$ (1 ! fir/ "w to be done is to rev]se x1 & connect x up by communicat+ tr5*es ) ! old position4 ,= ?is "w eng9e]s are s5t imm$iately beh9d ! infantry1 & !y c>ry ) !m quantities ( s& bags & %ovels & picks & wire1 etc41 ) :i* to complete ?is task4 ,( c\rse ! infantry mu/ also help1 & = ?is purpose x w be z well = ea* man to take ) him a few s&bags on 8 back--n en\gh to encumb] him1 b suffici5t to be ( s]vice 9 putt+ up ha/y def5ces4 ,! te/ ( ! success ( ! action w come z soon z ! enemy is able to organise a c\nt]-attack4 ,he w "k ! range ( ! tr5* to a nicety & w n be sl[ to hurl ! weight ( 8 %ells aga9/ x4 ,!n1 too1 he w try to br+ up res]ves1 :o ) bayonet & bomb w attack _! old position4 ,= _m we>y h\rs ! infantry may be busy on ?is task ( repell+ c\nt] attacks1 & consolidat+ _! new position4 ,s _m details h to be c>$ = 9 an attack t x is well to rehe>se x ?or\ghly be=eh& & to see t e individual kn[s j exactly :]e he is suppos$ to be & :at he is to d4 ,only 9 t way w confusion be avoid$4 ,x w be necess>y also = ! attack]s to we> di/+ui%+ m>ks 9 ! =m ( a :ite b& on ! arm or a :ite piece ( clo? on ! back if ! attack is to be made 9 ! d>kness or ) poor light4 ,! "q ( prison]s inevitably comes up4 ,:at is to be done ) !m8 ,h[ are !y to be tak5 c>e (8 ,x w be se5 t ?is is a big problem 9 an attack :]e m5 _c be dis5gag$ f _! tasks ( tak+ tr5*es )\t greatly weak5+ ! op]ation4 ,to tell (f m5 to look aft] prison]s :5 e man is ne$$ to break d[n ! resi/ance t is /ill be+ (f]$ by o!rs ( ! enemy1 is a proc$ure obvi\sly surr\nd$ ) dang]s4 ,& yet1 9 ! int]e/s ( humanity x has to be done1 = ! only o!r alt]native is to take no prison]s4 ,at ! battle ( ,loos _m ( ! ,g]man prison]s t we took came to u 9 emb>rass+ mobs4 ,!y 7 weak & hungry & requir$ little p]suasion to lay d[n _! arms4 ,"u ^! conditions we c\ld manage a great _m prison]s ) a few arm$ m54 ,:]e !y surr5d]$ 9 ones & twos we f\nd !re 0 a disposition on ! "p ( "s ( our troops to dis5gage !mselves f ! battle to lead !m back4 ,a man is naturally pr\d ( ! fact t he has tak5 a prison] & wants to deliv] him himself4 ,b we insi/$ t !y be turn$ ov] at ! e>lie/ opportunity to o!rs :o 7 9 *>ge ( small numb]s ( prison]s1 & t z soon z possible !y be giv5 into ! *>ge ( m5 :o 7 slightly w\nd$1 b :o c\ld /ill be reli$ on to give a good acc\nt ( !mselves if tr\ble arose4 ,x is also a good ?+ to h a quantity ( loose telephone wire ab\t--z almo/ always happ5s 9 a battle--& w9d ?is r\nd ! prison]s1 mak+ sure t !y keep _! h&s 9 ! air4 ,ev5 b>b$ wire w d1 ?\gh x is n s com=table = ! prison]s conc]n$1 & x may be necess>y to relax ! rule ab\t keep+ bo? h&s up6 ,raids are attacks on a small scale1 & on a def9ite portion ( ! enemy's l9e4 ,!y are usually c>ri$ out by p>ties v>y+ 9 numb] f tw5ty to a hundr$ comm&$ by "o or m (fic]s4 ,almo/ ! same prep>ation z = an attack is necess>y 9 mo/ cases to break d[n ! b>b$ wire be=e ! l9es4 ,b 9 "s cases !y are c>ri$ out z surprises & !n o!r means mu/ be reli$ on to ov]come ! difficulties ( ! b>b$ wire4 ,z 9 ! case ( attacks1 rehe>sals mu/ prec$e ! op]ation itself s t e man w "k exactly :at he is suppos$ to d & :]e he is suppos$ to be4 ,9 a rec5t raid dur+ ! "t t ! sn[ 0 on ! gr\nd1 ! ,canadians secur$ a numb] ( wom5's nightg[ns & put !m on ov] _! uni=ms4 ,9 ?is rem>kable g>b !y proce$$ ov] ,no ,man's ,l& to visit ! ,g]man l9es4 ,if artill]y prep>ation has be5 giv51 t mu/ be dep5d$ on to h brok5 ! wires & ! ?+ to be done !n is to rea* ! enemy p>apets be=e !y h "t to recov] & br+ ! ma*9e guns into action4 ,b by f> ! great] numb] ( raids come z surprises to ! enemy4 ,!y d n he> ! m5 beyond _! p>apets ly+ on _! /oma*s & busily cutt+ ! wires ) _! snips4 ,! fir/ !y "k ( x is :5 a bomb l&s 9 ! tr5* or else ! body ( "o ( ! attack+ infantrym51 z he ent]s _! /ronghold to beg9 8 "w ( de/ruction4 ,9 raid+ p>ties1 m ?an at any o!r "t x is well to rememb] ! adage t sil5ce is gold51 & t ! be/ results c only be obta9$ if e man is det]m9$ to foll[ 8 in/ructions to ! v lett]4 ,if ! p>ty is cut (f by sup]ior =ces x mu/ make up its m9d z to :at x is go+ to d1 ?\gh mo/ m51 ,i am sure1 w pref] to fight to ! dea? r ?an surr5d]4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,equipm5t ,,= ,,! ,,field ,! "q is (t5 ask$ by prospective soldi]s z to :at is ! irr$ucible m9imum t a man %\ld take to w>1 9 ! way ( equipm5t4 ,i say irr$ucible1 = x is to ! int]e/ ( ! infantryman :o has to c>ry practically all 8 belong+s on 8 back1 to r$uce 8 load z mu* z possible consi/5t ) effici5cy & com=t4 ,! tailors 9 ,london :o und]took ! tasks ( equipp+ "y (fic]s = ! tr5*es1 hav+ m int]e/ 9 mak+ sales ?an any?+ else1 did _! be/ to p]suade _! victims t ! omission ( "o ( doz5s ( ?+s !y propos$ w\ld expose !m to v grave risks4 ,no "o c\ld possibly h c>ri$ all ! equipm5t !y sugge/$ & no ,army ,s]vice ,corps w\ld ev] h be5 able to h&le x z baggage4 ,"s ( ! m5 :o fell victims to ^! outfitt]s w5t to ,france look+ m l ,xmas trees ?an any?+ else1 = x 0 only :5 !re 0 no m room on _! bodies to hang any?+ t ^! excell5t g5tlem5 7 satisfi$1 & let !m dep>t4 ,9 ?is li/ t ,i am n[ giv+1 ,i propose to deal ) ! equipm5t ( ! soldi] fir/ & !n add to x ! items t seem to me to be ess5tial = ! ,(fic]4 ,fir/ ( all !re is ! rifle1 ! soldi]'s be/ fri5d4 ,x %\ld be *]i%$ & c>$ = z ?\gh 8 life dep5d$ on x--z x frequ5tly may4 ,we us$ to inspect ! rifles ( ! m5 at lea/ twice a day 9 ! tr5*es1 & any sign ( neglect 0 at once dealt )4 ,x mu/ be kept free f all ru/ & dirt1 well oil$ & poli%$1 & ) e "p ( ! me*anism 9 fir/ class work+ condition4 ,any text book on musketry w give ! in=mation necess>y = ! effective c>e ( ! rifle4 ,we f\nd t ! bree* ( ! rifle 0 (t5 9 dang] ( becom+ f\l$ ?r\gh mud or s&4 ,accord+ly we advis$ ! m5 to keep t "p cov]$ :5ev] ! rifle 0 n 9 action4 ,small khaki clo?s ) snap buttons 7 made1 b :]e ^! 7 n obta9able1 ! leg ( a sock s]v$ q z well4 ,b x mu/ be easily removable4 ,rifles are sometimes f\l$ ?r\gh putt+ into !m c>tridges t are ru/y or muddy4 ,all c>tridges %\ld be clean$ be=e be+ ins]t$4 ,n[ x is obvi\s t "t _c be tak5 = ?is task dur+ an engagem5t1 & s x mu/ be done be=e ! rifle is to be us$4 ,z ! c>tridges come f ! factory !y are p]fectly clean2 b if !y are c>ri$ ab\t = days & weeks 9 ! c>ri]s on ! equipm5t !y get v dirty4 ,(fic]s mu/ inspect !m f "t to "t & see t damag$ ones are s5t away & n all[$ to be fir$ ?r\gh ! rifles4 ,no c>e c be too great4 ,x is a pitiful sight to see a man 9 action ) a rifle t has become clogg$ ?r\gh c>elessness4 ,x is a good ?+ to give rew>ds = ^? :o consi/5tly pres5t clean rifles = inspection1 & to puni% ^? :o d n4 ,:5 a man realises h[ mu* he is dep5d5t on 8 rifle he w be c]ta9 to take c>e ( x4 ,! next ?+ is ! bayonet4 ,i h said t all infantry "w leads up to ! use ( ! bayonet1 & s1 if a man is to be ready = ?is f9al te/1 8 bayonet mu/ be 9 good %ape4 ,( c\rse !re is n mu* to get out ( ord]1 b !re are a few movable p>ts t mu/ be kept oil$1 & ! blade itself :i* mu/ be kept clean4 ,x is a slight c\rtesy t y c pay y\r enemy1 t y give him clean1 in/ead ( ru/y1 /eel4 ,ano!r weapon t has prov$ itself indisp5sable 9 ?is w> is ! entr5*+ tool4 ,x is a small in/rum5t ) a deta*able h&le1 & ! head itself has a %ovel at "o end & a pick at ! o!r4 ,x is a wond]ful little tool = ha/y entr5*+ & no attack %\ld be made )\t x4 ,x has be5 ! means ( sav+ _m1 _m lives 9 ?is w>4 ,un=tunately1 ! p]fidy ( ! enemy has made necess>y ano!r addition to ! equipm5t ( e soldi]1 & t is ! gas mask4 ,! be/ k9d consi/s ( heavy khaki clo?1 kept wet ) a solution to c\nt]act & neutralise ! *lor9e 9 ! gas1 & equipp$ ) goggles v mu* l :at motori/s we>1 & a tube t ent]s ! m\?4 ,! air to be brea!d is drawn 9 ?r\gh ! clo? itself1 & ! air t has be5 us$ is driv5 out ?r\gh ! tube4 ,x is n a com=table process b x is consid]ably bett] ?an imbib+ deadly gas4 ,( c\rse a wat] bottle mu/ be c>ri$ & mu/ always be kept clean4 ,on e possible occasion ! soldi] %\ld wa% x out ) hot wat] & "s =m ( dis9fectant4 ,m5 %\ld be disc\rag$ f ru%+ to _! wat] bottles = dr9ks at all times1 especially :5 !y are on ! m>*4 ,?ir/ is a ?+ t we c easily control if we w4 ,we le>nt t x 0 an excell5t practice to h /rapp$ ab\t ! equipm5t 9 a place :]e !y c\ld easily be got at1 two s&bags4 ,!y are n heavy or bulky to c>ry1 & if ha/y cov] is ne$$ !y w be f\nd invaluable4 ,li/s ( ! clo!s necess>y are giv5 9 e milit>y manual1 & x w be well to foll[ ! "o = ! special army to :i* y belong4 ,besides1 ! clo?+ necess>y w v>y accord+ to ! climate 9 :i* ! troops h to s]ve4 ,q obvi\sly ! equipm5t = ! ,philipp9es w be diff]5t f ! equipm5t = ,france4 ,b we f\nd t x 0 a good plan to h w>m und]clo!s = ! w9t]1 n ! heavie/ v>iety1 b reasonably heavy4 ,x is bett] & m conv5i5t to add to ! clo?+ %\ld occasion w>rant x r ?an c>ry heavy und]clo!s all ! "t4 ,9 summ] ! und]clo?+ %\ld be light4 ,b :atev] ! season1 a *ange %\ld be c>ri$ 9 ! pack on ! back4 ,9 ! case ( socks two or ?ree em]g5cy pairs %\ld be 9 ! pack4 ,^! socks %\ld be made ( wool1 pref]ably undy$1 & %\ld be ?ick & heavy = all times4 ,i am aw>e t x is mu* nic] to h ?9 silk socks = ! summ] "t1 b !y are n int5d$ = m>*+ 9 nor yet = use ) heavy milit>y boots4 ,two pairs ( boots %\ld be tak51 "o pair on ! feet & "o pair 9 ! pack4 ,t5nis %oes %\ld also be c>ri$ to put on at times to re/ ! feet4 ,i ne$ sc>cely indicate :at toilet articles are ne$$1 = !y are ! same on s]vice z w\ld be tak5 = a week-end at ! seaside4 ,b ,i w\ld add t x is a good ?+ to include a cake ( /rong c>bolic soap to disc\rage ! lice4 ,em]g5cy b&ages1 sewn into ! tunic1 may be ! means ( sav+ y\r life4 ,"s means mu/ be adopt$ = protect+ ! e>s f ! noises ( ! rifles & bombs & %ells4 ,cotton wool w s]ve1 b a mu* bett] device is on ! m>ket1 call$ ,e> ,def5d]s4 ,!y are small vulcanite cyl9d]s t are ins]t$ into ! e>s4 ,ne> ! end ( ! cyl9d] !re is a diaphragm ( f9e gauze :i* is pu%$ up aga9/ ! wall by ! s\nd waves creat$ by great noises 7?us protect+ ! drum ( ! e>7 :ile !y d n respond at all to ! waves f small s\nds4 ,consequ5tly x is q possible to he> ! words ( a p]son speak+1 & n be affect$ by ! noise ( ! guns4 ,i h us$ !m myself & c v\* = _! efficacy1 ?\gh x does take a little "t to become us$ to !m4 ,!n aga9 ne>ly e soldi] w ne$ a wri/ wat*4 ,^! %\ld be lum9\s1 = !re is mu* wa/e ( "t involv$ 9 /rik+ a mat* or go+ to a lamp to see ! "t4 ,x pays to buy a good wat*1 & by all means get a removable cov] = ! glass face1 = glasses easily break1 & x is difficult to get !m repair$ on s]vice4 ,i d n int5d ?is li/ to be exhau/ive1 b to conta9 ! mo/ important ?+s t a soldi] w ne$ to include 9 ?is equipm5t4 ,(fic]s are all[$ m baggage1 & w ne$ m1 b ! mi/ake mu/ n be made ( ov]load+ or tak+ unnecess>y ?+s4 ,!y w ne$ a canvas valise & a sleep+ bag to g ) x1 &1 if possible1 a v light mattress1 weigh+ n m ?an a few p\nds4 ,a canvas wat] bucket & a wa% bas91 & a *ange ( uni=m are v necess>y4 ,z to weapons1 ,i f\nd t ! ,colt automatic 0 v s]viceable4 ,swords are ( c\rse n c>ri$ 9 ,france4 ,!y are a nuisance = mo/ purposes1 ?\gh !y d make excell5t toa/+ =ks4 ,9 action we l$ our m51 equipp$ only ) revolv] & cane4 ,9 raids & tr5* "w a h&y in/rum5t is ! tr5* dagg]--a knife ( ab\t n9e in*es long1 end+ 9 a h&le t has op5+s = ! f\r f+]s to g ?r\gh1 ?us s]v+ z a knuckle du/]4 ,field glasses are ess5tial & inde$ !y %\ld be suppli$ to "s ( ! non-commission$ (fic]s z well4 ,no?+ "u f\r nor ov] eight diamet]s %\ld be *os54 ,bel[ t figure !y d n magnify en\gh1 & above t figure !y magnify too mu*4 ,six or sev5 is ideal = ! infantryman4 ,"s =m ( collapsible p]iscope may be c>ri$1 b mo/ ( u disc>d$ ! ones we _h b\ght 9 ,engl& 9 fav\r ( ! simple ones t ,i h describ$ 9 ano!r place4 ,i w\ld utt] aga9 ! w>n+ aga9/ load+ up ) too _m ?+s4 ,get few ?+s b get good ones & keep !m good is ! be/ advice t ,i c give4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,tricks ,,= ,,! ,,tr5*es ,a clos+ ^w %\ld be said on ! subject ( tr5* ruses4 ,z 9 e o!r =m ( w>f>e1 deception mu/ be practis$ on ! enemy4 ,he mu/ be made to believe y are do+ ?+s t y are n do+ & t y propose do+ ?+s t are n 9 y\r plans at all4 ,any numb] ( ^! ruses w occur to ! m9ds ( my read]s1 & ,i want to m5tion a few ( !m t we actually tri$4 ,"o ( ! be/ ruses is to let ! enemy get hold ( fake ord]s4 ,^! c be plac$ on bodies imm$iately aft] an action & !re w be a good *ance ( ! enemy accept+ !m z g5u9e4 ,we h reason to believe t "s ( ! prison]s t we took came ov] = ! purpose ( lett+ false ord]s fall into our h&s4 ,x is pretty h>d on ! individual to make him ! goat 9 ?is way & ,i d n recomm5d x4 ,mak+ elaborate prep>ations = an attack 9 "o spot1 & !n actually attack+ f ano!r po9t :5 8 res]ves h be5 drawn to ! fir/ po9t1 also us$ to "w well4 ,x is well to le>n ! calls & signals ( ! enemy = use dur+ an attack1 & ?us to ?r[ 8 m5 into disord]4 ,!re h be5 ,g]mans 9 ?is w> :o c>ri$ out ! d>+ ruse ( appe>+ 9 our l9es 9 ! uni=ms ( /aff (fic]s & giv+ ord]s to our m54 ,!y 7 brave individuals & sc>cely seem to m]it ! swift puni%m5t t came to !m on detection4 ,9 ! tr5*es x 0 sometimes necess>y to move ab\t ! few m5 t we _h & to keep !m fir+ fir/ 9 "o place & !n 9 ano!r to convey ! impression t we 7 9 consid]able =ce4 ,ruses _h to be adopt$ to discov] snip]s4 ,on "o occasion ,i ne$$ to f9d a snip] :o _h j kill$ ?ree ( my m51 & 0 su* an excell5t %ot t he broke my p]iscope4 ,= ?is purpose ,i made a dummy man out ( s& bags & _h a soldi] put him cauti\sly above ! p>apet 7head only7 :ile ,i obs]v$ f a neighb\r+ bay4 ,i detect$ him f ! du/ t 8 bullet rais$ f 8 p>apet1 & a few well aim$ artill]y %ots put him & 8 loop hole out ( bus9ess4 ,my poor dummy 0 badly w\nd$ 9 ! process4 ,! ,turks 9 ,gallipoli us$ to pa9t "s ( _! snip]s a gre5 col\r & s5d !m out betwe5 ! l9es among ! small bu%es4 ,a pret5d$ retreat w sometimes lure ! enemy f 8 tr5*es to de/ruction4 ,s5d+ out patrols 9 "o section to draw fire :ile c>eful reconnaissance "w is be+ done at ano!r spot w sometimes f9d him (f 8 gu>d4 ,dummy guns1 ( c\rse1 h play$ a l>ge "p1 & h be5 responsible = ! wa/e ( a great deal ( ammunition4 ,!y are plac$ :]e !y c be obs]v$ by ! a]oplanes1 :o promptly report _! pres5ce4 ,x is said t at ! ,d>danelles ! =ts once op5$ fire on ! battle%ip ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,aft] a :ile !y sank h]--& h] guns float$ (f6 ,x is tell+ no secret n[ to say t _m ( ! units 9 ! ,briti% navy _h duplicates con/ruct$ out ( old vessels4 ,_! bus9ess 0 to draw fire to !mselves :ile o!r craft did ! "w4 ,h5ce ! wood5 guns4 ,!y s]v$ ano!r purpose z well1 = x 0 v difficult = spies to in=m ,g]many :]e ! real fight+ %ips 7 at any "t4 ,9 %ort1 ! :ole bus9ess is to get ! enemy's goat4 ,keep him guess+4 ,we> him d[n ) worry+4 ,break 8 n]ve & spoil 8 sleep1 t 8 physical resi/ance may be weak5$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 le>n to e/imate ! int5tion on ! enemy4 ,d n und]rate him4 ,9 all cases & "u all circum/ances foll[ out ! excell5t motto ( ! ,boy ,sc\ts-- ,,be ,,prep>$4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,hyph5 remov$3 dug\t 7p4 xii1 ,figures #g-i71 loopholes 7p4 #ff74 p4 #aje3 & *ang$ to an 7! only me?od ( deliv]+ an infantry attack74 p4 #abj3 duplicate to remov$ 7excell5t practice to h /rapp$74