,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,words pr9t$ 9 italics are not$ ) und]scores3 italics4 ,words pr9t$ 9 small-caps h be5 conv]t$ to ,,all-,,caps4 ,,pack+ ,,& ,,portag+ ,,pack+ ,,& ,,portag+ ,,by ,,dillon ,,wallace ,au?or ( ,! ,lure ( ! ,labrador ,wild1 ,! ,long ,labrador ,trail1 ,saddle & ,camp 9 ! ,rockies1 ,across ! ,mexican ,si]ras1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,out+ ,,h&books ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,out+ ,,publi%+ ,,company ,,mcmxii ,,copyright1 #aiab1 ,,by ,,out+ ,,publi%+ ,,company ,all rights res]v$ ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,pack+ ,,& ,,! ,,outfit #i ,,ii4 ,,! ,,canoe ,,& ,,its ,,equipm5t #ab ,,iii4 ,,camp ,,equipm5t ,,= ,,! ,,canoe ,,trip #ae ,,iv4 ,,p]sonal ,,equipm5t #bc ,v4 ,,food #ca ,,vi4 ,,! ,,portage #ch ,,vii4 ,,travel ,,) ,,saddle ,,& ,,pack ,,animals #ea ,,viii4 ,,saddle ,,& ,,pack ,,equipm5t #ef ,,ix4 ,,p]sonal ,,outfit ,,= ,,! ,,saddle #fd ,x4 ,,adju/+ ,,! ,,pack #ga ,,xi4 ,,"s ,,practical ,,hit*es #gg ,,xii4 ,,travel+ ,,)\t ,a ,,pack ,,horse #aja ,,xiii4 ,,afoot ,,9 ,,summ] #ajf ,,xiv4 ,,) ,,sn[%oes ,,& ,,toboggan #aaj ,,xv4 ,,) ,,dogs ,,& ,,komatik #abc ,,illu/rations ,,page ,me?od ( ,sl++ ,load on ,ap>ejo #eh1 #ei ,sl+ = ,rack+ on ,cros/ree ,saddle #gd ,squaw or ,cros/ree ,hit* #gi1 #hj ,! ,cros/ree ,diamond ,hit* #hb1 #hc ,unit$ ,/ates ,army ,diamond ,hit* #he1 #hf ,lift+ ,hit* #ic1 #id ,/irrup ,hit* #if ,saddle ,hit* #ig ,,pack+ ,,& ,,portag+ ,,*apt] ,i ,,pack+ ,,& ,,! ,,outfit ,ord9>ily ! v]b to pack means to /[ articles snugly into receptacles1 b 9 ! p>lance ( ! trail x (t5 means to c>ry or transport ! articles f place to place4 ,! pack 9 ! language ( ! trail is ! load a man or horse c>ries4 ,likewise1 a portage on a canoe r\te is a break betwe5 navigable wat]s1 ov] :i* canoe & outfit mu/ be c>ri$2 or ! ^w may be us$ z a v]b1 & "o may say1 ,i w portage ! canoe1 mean+ ,i w c>ry ! canoe4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ pages ^! t]ms w d\btless all be us$ 9 _! v>i\s significations4 ,save = ! few :o are able to employ a ret9ue ( pr(essional guides & pack]s to att5d to ! details ( transportation1 ! "o *ief problem t confronts ! wild]ness travel] is t ( h[ to r$uce ! weight ( 8 outfit to ! m9imum ) ! lea/ possible sacrifice ( com=t4 ,x is only ! v]ie/ t5d]foot t delib]ately endures h>d%ips or discom=ts :]e h>d%ips & discom=ts are unnecess>y4 ,exp]i5c$ wild]ness travel]s always make !mselves z com=table z conditions w p]mit1 & !re is no reason :y "o :o hits ! trail = sport1 recreation or heal? %\ld d o!rwise4 ,9 a description1 !n1 ( ! me?ods ( pack+ & transport+ outfits ! t5d]foot & ev5 ! man ^: feet are becom+ call\s$ may welcome "s h9ts z to ! selection ( compact1 light1 b1 at ! same "t1 effici5t outfits4 ,^! h9ts on outfitt+1 !re=e1 ,i %all give1 leav+ out ( consid]ation ! details ( camp mak+1 camp cook]y & ^? phases ( woodcraft t h no direct be>+ ^u ! prime "q ( pack+ & transportation on ! trail4 ,let u classify ! v>i\s me?ods ( wild]ness travel "u ! foll[+ heads3 #a4 ,by ,canoe2 #b4 ,) ,saddle & ,pack ,animals2 #c4 ,afoot 9 ,summ]2 #d4 ,on ,sn[%oes2 #e4 ,) ,dogs & ,sl$ge4 ,tak+ ^! 9 ord]1 & giv+ our att5tion fir/ to canoe travel1 x w be f\nd conv5i5t fur!r to subdivide ?is bran* ( ! subject & discuss 9 ord]3 7a7 ,! ,canoe & its ,equipm5t2 7b7 ,camp ,equipm5t = a ,canoe ,trip2 7c7 ,p]sonal ,equipm5t2 7d7 ,food2 7e7 ,! ,portage4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,canoe ,,& ,,its ,,equipm5t ,a sixte5-foot canoe ) a wid? ( at lea/ #cc in*es & a dep? ( at lea/ #ab in*es w accommodate two m51 an adequate camp+ outfit & a full t5 weeks' provisions v nicely1 & at ! same "t n lie too deep 9 ! wat]4 ,a fifte5-foot canoe1 unless x has a beam ( at lea/ #ce in*es & a dep? ( #ab in*es or m1 is unsuitable4 ,?ree m5 ) _! outfit & provisions w require an eighte5-foot canoe ) a wid? ( #ce in*es or m & a dep? ( no less ?an #ac in*es1 or a sev5te5-foot canoe ) a wid? ( #cg in*es & #ac in*es deep4 ,! latt] size is light] by f t5 to fifte5 p\nds ?an ! =m]1 :ile ! displacem5t is ab\t equal4 ,! be/ all-ar\nd canoe = cruis+ & h>d usage is ! canvas-cov]$ c$> canoe4 ,bo? ribs & plank+ %\ld be ( c$>1 & only full l5g? planks %\ld ent] into ! con/ruction4 ,:]e %ort plank+ is us$ ! canoe w soon] or lat] become hogg$--t is1 ! ends w sag d[nw>d f ! middle4 ,9 ,canada ! ,pet]bor\gh canoe is m l>gely us$ ?an ! canvas-cov]$4 ,^! are to be _h 9 bo? basswood & c$>4 ,c$> is brittle1 :ile basswood is t\gh1 b ! latt] absorbs wat] m readily ?an ! =m] & 9 "t w become m or less wat]logg$4 ,cruis+ canoes %\ld be suppli$ ) a middle ?w>t = conv5i5t portag+4 ,any canoe l>g] ?an sixte5 feet %\ld h ?ree ?w>ts4 ,to light5 weight on ! portage1 & provide m room = /or+ outfit1 x is advisable to remove ! cane seats ) :i* canvas canoes are usually provid$4 ,?is c be readily done by unscrew+ ! nuts b5ea? ! gunwale :i* hold ! seats 9 position4 ,good /rong paddles--suffici5tly /rong to )/& ! heavy /ra9 to :i* cruis+ paddles are put--%\ld be select$4 ,on ! portage !y mu/ be> ! full weight ( ! canoe2 !y w frequ5tly be utiliz$ 9 pol+ up /ream aga9/ /iff curr5ts2 & 9 runn+ rapids !y w be subject$ to r\gh usage4 ,on ext5d$ cruises x is advisable to c>ry "o sp>e paddle to take ! place ( "o t may be r5d]$ useless4 ,exp]i5c$ canoem5 pole up m9or rapids4 ,poles = ?is purpose c usually be cut at ! po9t :]e !y are ne$$1 b pole %oes--t is1 spikes fitt$ ) f]rules--to fit on ! ends ( poles are a necess>y adjunct to ! outfit :]e pol+ is to be done4 ,)\t %oes to hold ! pole firmly on ! bottom ( ! /ream ! pole may slip & pit* ! canoeman ov]bo>d4 ,! f]rules %\ld be punctur$ ) at lea/ two nail holes1 by :i* !y may be secur$ to ! poles1 & a few nails %\ld be c>ri$ = ?is purpose4 ,a hundr$ feet or s ( half-in* rope %\ld also be provid$1 to be us$ z a track+ l9e & ! v>i\s o!r uses = :i* rope may be requir$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,camp ,,equipm5t ,,= ,a ,,canoe ,,trip ,p]sonal likes & prejudices h mu* to d ) ! =m ( t5t *os54 ,my own pref]5ce is = ei!r ! ,a or w$ge t5t1 ) ! ,hudson's ,bay model z second *oice1 = g5]al utility4 ,ei!r ( ^! is p>ticul>ly adapt$ also to w9t] travel :]e ! t5t mu/ (t5 be pit*$ ^u ! sn[4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! t5t is only to be us$ 9 summ]1 & p>ticul>ly 9 canoe travel :]e a light1 easily erect$ model is desir$1 ! ,fraz] t5t is bo? ideal = com=t & is an exce$+ly light weight model = portag+4 ,duck or drill t5ts are altoge!r too heavy & q out ( date4 ,!y soak wat] & are an abom9ation on ! portage4 ,! be/ t5t is "o ( balloon silk1 tanalite1 or ( extra light gre5 wat]pro($ t5t clo?4 ,! balloon silk t5t is v slightly heavi] ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs1 b is exce$+ly durable4 ,= in/ance1 a #g-a_/c #g-a_/c foot ,a t5t ( ei!r tanalite or extra light gre5 wat]pro( t5t clo?1 fitt$ ) sod clo?1 complete1 weighs eight p\nds1 :ile a simil> t5t ( wat]pro( balloon silk weighs n9e p\nds4 ,a ,hudson's ,bay model1 #f #i feet1 weighs respectively sev5 & sev5 & "o-half p\nds4 ,^! ?ree clo?s are n only wat]pro( & practically rot pro(1 b d n soak wat]1 :i* is a feature = consid]ation :]e mu* portag+ is to be done & camp is mov$ almo/ daily4 ,"s deal]s recomm5d t cu/om]s go+ into a fly or mosquito c\ntry h ! t5t door fitt$ ) bobb9et4 ,! idea is good1 b *eese clo? is mu* *eap] & incomp>ably bett] ?an bobb9et4 ,! *eese-clo? door %\ld be made r full1 & divid$ at ! c5t] f t5t peak to gr\nd1 ) num]\s tie /r+s to br+ ! edges tight toge!r :5 9 use1 & o!r /r+s or tapes on ei!r side1 :]e x is atta*$ to ! t5t1 to reef or roll & tie x back out ( ! way :5 n ne$$4 ,:5 pur*as+ a light-weight t5t1 see t ! deal] supplies a bag ( prop] size 9 :i* to pack x4 ,a pack clo? #f #g feet 9 size1 ( br[n wat]pro( canvas weigh+ ab\t #c-a_/b p\nds1 makes an excell5t cov]+ = ! t5t floor at night4 ,on ! portage blankets & odds & ends w be pack$ & c>ri$ on x4 ,if "o end & ! two sides ( ! pack clo? are fitt$ ) snap buttons x may be conv]t$ into a snug sleep+ bag ) a pair ( blankets fold$ l5g?wise1 ! bottom & sides ( ! blanket secur$ ) blanket safety p9s z a l9+ = ! bag4 ,my /&by = summ] camp+ is a f9e all-wool gray blanket #gb #gh in*es 9 size & weigh+ #e-a_/b p\nds4 ,?is ,i h f\nd suffici5t ev5 9 fro/y autumn wea!r--always1 9 fact1 until ! wea!r gr[s cold en\gh to freeze /reams & close !m to canoe navigation4 ,us$ z a l9+ = ! improvis$ pack clo? sleep+ bag1 ?is blanket is q b$d+ en\gh & makes an exce$+ly com=table b$1 too4 ,a ?ree-qu>t] axe ) a #bd- or #bh-;in* h&le makes a mighty good camp axe4 ,a full axe is heavy & inconv5i5t to portage & ! light] axe w s]ve e purpose 9 any c\ntry at any "t4 ,p]sonally ,i favor ! ,hudson's ,bay axe4 ,?is may be _h fitt$ ei!r ) a #bd-;in* or #ah-;in* h&le4 ,9 ! two-p>ty outfit :i* we are discuss+ !re %\ld be two axes1 "o ( :i* may be fitt$ ) ! %ort] h&le1 b ! o!r %\ld h at lea/ a #bd- & pref]ably a #bh-;in* h&le4 ,e axe %\ld h a lea!r %ea? or scabb>d = conv5i5t pack+4 ,! s-call$ pocket axes are too small to be ( practical use4 ,! camp] does n wi% to miss ! luxury ( ! big ev5+ camp-fire1 & he c nev] provide = x ) a small hat*et or toy pocket axe4 ,cook+ ut5sils ( alum9um alloy are ! lighte/ & be/ = ! trail4 ,t9 & iron w ru/1 enamel w>e w *ip1 & unalloy$ alum9um is too s(t & b5ds out ( %ape4 ,! be/ sport+ goods deal]s c>ry complete outfits ( alum9um alloy4 ,i h us$ !m 9 ! frigid ,nor? & 9 ! tropics1 9 canoe1 sl$g+1 tramp+ & horseback j\rneys1 & c recomm5d !m unequivocally1 save p]haps ! fry+ pan4 ,! two-man cook+ & d9+ outfit %\ld conta9 ! foll[+ ut5sils3 #a ,pot ) cov] #g #f-a_/b in*es1 capacity ?ree qu>ts4 #a ,c(fee pot #f #f-a_/h in*es1 capacity two qu>ts4 #a ,/eel fry+ pan #i-g_/h #b in*es1 ) fold+ h&le4 #a ,pan #i #c in*es1 ) fold+ h&le1 = mix+- & di%-pan4 #b ,plates #h-g_/h in*es diamet]4 #b ,cups4 #b ,alum9um alloy =ks4 #b ,dess]t spoons4 #a ,l>ge cook+ spoon4 #a ,di% mop4 #b ,di% t[els4 ,! regul> alum9um alloy cup is too small = practical camp use4 ,!re is an alum9um b[l1 h[ev]1 hold+ "o p9t1 b )\t a h&le4 ,?is is ab\t ! "r size = a practical cup1 & ,i h a h&le rivet$ on x & use x z a cup4 ,! top only ( ! h&le %\ld be atta*$1 t ! cups may set "o inside ! o!r4 ,! heat conduct+ quality ( alum9um makes x a "q :e!r or n enamel cups are n pref]able4 ,to pack ! outfit snugly1 set ! mix+ pan into ! fry+ pan1 ! h&les ( bo? pans fold$1 place ! plates1 "o on top ( ! o!r1 9 ! mix+ pan1 ! cook+ pot on top ( ^!1 & ! c(fee pot inside ! cook+ pot4 ,! cups w fit 9 ! c(fee pot4 ,! weight ( ?is outfit complete is #e-a_/b p\nds4 ,a wat]pro( canvas bag ( prop] size %\ld be provid$ 9 :i* to pack ! ut5sils4 ,=ks & spoons1 wrapp$ 9 a di% t[el1 w fit nicely 9 ! canvas bag alongside ! pots4 ,wat]pro( canvas is sugge/$ = ! bag1 n to protect ! ut5sils b because any?+ b wat]pro($ mat]ial w absorb moi/ure & become wat]soak$ 9 ra9y wea!r1 add+ mat]ially to ! weight ( ! outfit4 ,"o ( ! h&ie/ aids to bak+ is ! alum9um reflect+ bak]4 ,an alum9um bak] #af #ah in*es :5 op51 folds to a package #ab #ah in*es & ab\t two in*es ?ick1 & fitt$ into a wat]pro( canvas case weighs1 case & all1 ab\t f\r p\nds4 ,broil]s1 fire irons1 fire bl[]s or inspirators1 z !y are sometimes call$1 & _m o!r ?+s t are conv5i5t en\gh b q unnecess>y1 %\ld nev] burd5 ! outfit4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! weight ( "s ( !m may be insignificant1 ea* additional claptrap makes "o m ?+ to look aft]4 ,!re are a ?\s& & "o claptraps1 inde$1 t outfitt]s (f]1 b :i* d n possess suffici5t advantage to pay = ! c>e & labor ( transportation1 & my advice is1 leave !m out1 "o & all4 ,outfitt]s supply small pack+ bags ( prop] size to fit1 "o on top ( ano!r1 into l>g] wat]pro( canvas bags4 ,^! small bags are made pref]ably ( balloon silk4 ,by us+ !m ! :ole outfit may be snugly & safely pack$ = ! portage4 ,9 "o ( ^! small bags keep ! g5]al supply ( mat*es1 ?\gh ea* canoei/ %\ld c>ry a sep>ate supply = em]g5cy 9 8 individual kit4 ,9 l mann] two or ?ree cakes ( soap %\ld be pack$ 9 ano!r small bag4 ,float+ soap is less likely to be lo/ ?an soap t s9ks4 ,a doz5 c&les w be q en\gh4 ,^! if pack$ 9 a t9 box ( prop] size w n be brok54 ,repair kits %\ld be provid$4 ,a file = %>p5+ axes & a :et/one = g5]al use are ( ! fir/ importance4 ,include also a pair ( p9c]s1 a ball ( /\t tw9e & a few feet ( copp] wire4 ,a tool haft or h&le ) a v>iety ( small tools inside is conv5i5t4 ,ei!r a /ick ( canoe cem5t1 a small supply ( m>9e glue1 or a canoe repair outfit su* z canoe manufactur]s put up & :i* conta9 canvas1 :ite lead1 copp] tacks1 calor & v>ni% w be f\nd a valuable adjunct to ! outfit %\ld ! canoe become damag$4 ,?is tool & repair equipm5t %\ld be pack$ 9 a /rong canvas bag small en\gh to drop into ! l>g] n9e-in* wat]pro( bag4 ,a small lea!r m$ic9e case ) vials conta9+1 9 tabloid =m1 a ca?>tic1 an a/r+5t 7lead & opium pills are good7 & bi*loride ( m]cury1 suffices = ! drug supply4 ,surgical necessities are3 ,"s antiseptic b&ages1 a package ( l95 gauze1 a spool ( adhesive pla/] & "o-eigh? p\nd ( absorb5t cotton1 wrapp$ 9 oil$ silk4 ,9 addition mo/ camp]s f9d x conv5i5t to h 9 _! p]sonal outfit a pair ( small scissors4 ,^! are absolutely necess>y if "o is to put on a b&age prop]ly4 ,! regul> surgical scissors1 ! two blades ( :i* hook toge!r at ! c5t]1 are ! mo/ conv5i5t sort1 bo? to use & to c>ry1 & h ! ke5e/ edge4 ,a pair ( tweez]s takes up b little room & is useful = extract+ spl9t]s or = hold+ a wad ( absorb5t cotton 9 swabb+ out a w\nd1 z cotton w1 ( c\rse1 become septic if held 9 ! f+]s4 ,a small scalpel is bett] ?an ! knife blade = op5+ up an infection1 z x is m conv5i5t to h&le & w make a deep %ort incision :5 desir$4 ,^! w all be pack$ 9 "o ( ! small balloon silk bags4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,p]sonal ,,equipm5t ,ea* canoei/ %\ld h a p]sonal kit or duffle bag ( wat]pro( canvas4 ,^! may be pur*as$ f outfitt]s & are usually #cf in*es deep & ( #ab1 #ae1 #ah or #ba in*es diamet]4 ,! #ab-;in* bag1 h[ev]1 is amply l>ge to accommodate all "o ne$s 9 ! way ( clo?+ & o!r p]sonal ge>4 ,?is1 z well z e o!r wat]pro( canvas pack+ bag m5tion$1 except+ ! cook+ kit bag1 %\ld be suppli$ ) a h&le on ! bottom & "o on ! side4 ,^! bags n only keep ! cont5ts dry1 b1 z previ\sly /at$1 d n absorb moi/ure to add to ! weight1 a v ess5tial feature :]e e unnecess>y p\nd mu/ be elim9at$4 ,i 0 once capsiz$ 9 a rapid & my duffle bag lay half a day 9 ! wat] be=e x 0 recov]$4 ,! cont5ts 7 p]fectly dry4 ,"o suit ( m$ium weight wool5 und]clo?+ 9 addition to ! suit worn is ample = a %ort trip4 ,f\r extra pairs ( ?ick wool5 socks %\ld be provid$--! home-knit k9d4 ,an excell5t mat]ial = tr\s]s to be worn on ! trail is molesk91 ?\gh = midsumm] we> a good quality khaki is fir/ rate4 ,molesk91 h[ev]1 w )/& ! h>de/ usage & to my m9d is sup]ior to khaki or any o!r mat]ial :]e wad+ is necess>y & on cold or ra9y days1 z x is v ne>ly w9dpro(4 ,a good lea!r belt %\ld be worn1 ev5 ?\gh susp5d]s support ! tr\s]s4 ,! out] %irt %\ld be ( light weight gray or br[n flannel & provid$ ) pockets4 ,a blue flannel %irt ( ! be/ quality is all "r4 ,! *eap] qualities ( blue crock1 & ?is feature makes !m objectionable4 ,if ! out] %irt is too heavy x w be f\nd cumb]some "u ! ex]tion ( ! portage4 ,a l>ge1 roomy ,pontiac %irt to slip ov] ! out] %irt & use z a sweat] is mu* pref]able to a sweat] on ! trail4 ,x is w9dpro( & w>m4 ,d n take a coat--! ,pontiac %irt w be bo? coat & sweat]4 ,a coat is always 9 ! way on a canoe trip & makes ! pack t mu* heavi]4 ,a pair ( l[ lea!r or canvas wad+ %oes = riv] "w & l>rigans or %oe pacs = ord9>y we>1 l>ge en\gh to admit two pairs ( wool5 socks1 are be/ suit$ to canoe+4 ,heavy1 hobnail$ m\nta9e] %oes or boots are n 9 place "h4 ,heavy ,g]man socks1 suppli$ ) g>t] & clasp to hold !m 9 position1 are bett] ?an canvas legg+s1 & protect ! legs f *ill at times :5 wad+ is necess>y 9 icy wat]s4 ,any k9d ( an old sl\* hat is suitable4 ,"s canoei/s take ) !m a suit ( fea!rweight oilsk94 ,p]sonally ,i h nev] worn ra9pro( g>m5ts :5 canoe+4 ,once ,i c>ri$ a s-call$ wat]pro( coat1 b x 0 n wat]pro(4 ,x leak$ wat] l a sieve1 & 0 no protection ev5 f ! g5tle/ %[]4 ,i am incl9$1 h[ev]1 to favor fea!rweight oilsk9s1 ?\gh n :ile portag+--!y w\ld be f\nd too w>m--b :5 paddl+ 9 ra9y wea!r1 or to we> on ra9y days ab\t camp4 ,if ! trip is to ext5d into a black fly or mosquito region1 protection aga9/ ! insects %\ld be provid$4 ,a head net ( black bobb9et t w set d[n ^u ! %\ld]s1 ) /r+s to tie "u ! arms1 is ab\t ! be/ arrangem5t = ! head4 ,old loose kid gloves1 ) ! f+]s cut (f1 & f>m]s' sat9 elb[ sleeves to fit "u ! wri/ b&s ( ! out] %irt w protect ! wri/s & h&s4 ,! armlets %\ld be well & tightly sewn ^u ! gloves1 = black flies are n cont5t to attack :]e !y alight1 & w explore = ! slighte/ op5+ & discov] "s undef5d$ spot4 ,!y are1 too1 a hundr$ times m vici\s ?an mosquitoes4 ,!re are _m receipts = fly dope1 b 9 a half h\r aft] application p]spiration w elim9ate ! virtue ( mo/ mixtures & a r5ew$ application mu/ be made4 ,nessmuk's receipt is p]haps z good z any1 & ! =mula is z foll[s3 ,oil ( p9e t> #c p>ts ,ca/or oil #b p>ts ,oil ( p5nyroyal #a "p ,if :5 y 7 a *ild y\r fa!r held y\r nose z an inducem5t = y to op5 y\r m\? :ile y\r "m p\r$ ca/or oil d[n y\r ?roat1 ! odor ( ! ca/or oil ris+ above ! odors ( ! o!r +r$i5ts w revive sad memories4 ,inde$ x is claim$ = ?is mixture t ! dead w rise & flee f its comp\nd$ odor z !y w\ld flee f et]nal torm5t4 ,x c]ta9ly %\ld w>d (f su* little creatures z black flies & mosquitoes4 ,ano!r effective mixture is3 ,oil ( t> #c p>ts ,sweet oil #c p>ts ,oil ( p5nyroyal #a "p ,c>bolic acid #c p] c5t4 ,an ,indian advis$ me once to c>ry a fat salt pork r9d 9 my pocket1 & n[ & aga9 rub ! greasy side ^u face & h&s4 ,i tri$ x & f\nd x ne>ly z good z ! dopes4 ,unless "o p5etrates1 h[ev]1 f> nor? ,9 ,canada dur+ black fly season ^! extraord9>y precautions w sc>cely be necess>y4 ,!re ,is n[h]e ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates a region :]e black flies are really v bad 7?\gh p]haps ,i am draw+ invidi\s comp>isons 9 mak+ ! /atem5t71 & ev5 9 int]ior ,newf\ndl& !y are1 comp>$ ) ! f>!r nor?1 tame & r in(f5sive ?\gh always tr\blesome4 ,! *oice ( fi%+ tackle1 guns & arms dep5ds l>gely ^u p]sonal ta/e4 ,/eel rods ( ! be/ quality w s]ve bett] ?an split bamboo on an ext5d$ trip :]e "o1 cont9u\sly on ! portage trail1 is (t5 unable to prop]ly dry ! tackle4 ,! /eady soak+ ( a split bamboo rod = a week is likely to loos5 ! sections & injure a f9e rod4 ,a wat]pro( canvas or pantasote case is ! "r sort = ! rod--lea!r cases are unpractical on a cruis+ trip4 ,lea!r gun cases1 too1 "u l circum/ances w become wat]soak$1 & "u any circum/ances !y are unnecess>ily heavy4 ,use canvas cases !re=e 9 consid]ation = y\r back4 ,!y are light & 9 a season ( ra9 immeasurably bett] ?an lea!r4 ,economize1 also1 on ammunition4 ,d y\r t>get practice be=e y hit ! trail4 ,a hunt] t _c get 8 limit ( big game ) tw5ty rifle c>tridges is an unsafe individual to turn loose 9 ! woods4 ,= spruce gr\se1 pt>migan & o!r small game a t5-in* b>rel1 #bb-;calib] s+le-%ot pi/ol is an excell5t arm1 provid$ "o has _h "s previ\s exp]i5ce 9 its use4 ,x is n a burd5 on ! belt1 & a h&ful ( c>tridges 9 ! pocket are n notic$4 ,pack y\r c>tridges 9 a /rong canvas bag1 y\r gun grease & accessories 9 ano!r receptacle4 ,on ! belt also c>ry a broad-po9t$ f\r-in* blade sk9n+ knife ( ! ord9>y but*] knife %ape4 ,?is w be y\r table knife1 z well z cook+ & g5]al utility knife4 ,9 ! pocket c>ry a /\t jackknife1 a wat]pro( mat*box1 always kept well fill$1 & a compass4 ,a film cam]a is m practical = ! trail ?an a plate cam]a = _m reasons1 "o ( :i* is weight4 ,plates are heavy & easily brok54 ,x is well to h ea* roll ( films put up sep>ately 9 a seal$1 wat]-tight t94 ,deal]s w supply !m ?us at five c5ts extra = ea* film roll4 ,a wat]pro( pantasote case1 too1 is bett] ?an lea!r1 = lea!r 9 a long-cont9u$ ra9 w become wat]soak$1 z be=e /at$4 ,if a plate cam]a is c>ri$ ! plates may be pack$ 9 a small light wood5 box--a />* box1 = in/ance4 ,! box w protect !m "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,film rolls1 h[ev]1 may be c>ri$ 9 a small canvas bag t w slip into "o ( ! l>g] wat]pro( bags4 ,my object 9 outl9+ outfit is r to emphasize ! possibilities ( select+ a light & effici5t outfit t may be easily pack$ & transport$ on ! trail1 ?an to evolve an infallible *eck li/2 !re=e ,i %all n attempt to "n 9 detail toilet articles1 tobacco & odds & ends4 ,take no?+1 h[ev]1 save ^? ?+s y w surely f9d occasion to use1 unless ,i may sugge/ an extra pipe1 %\ld y\r pipe be lo/4 ,a small balloon silk bag w hold !m1 toge!r ) a sew+ case conta9+ ne$les1 ?read1 pat*es & "s safety p9s4 ,ano!r w hold ! h& t[els & h& soap 9 daily use1 :ile an extra h& t[el may be /[$ 9 y\r duffle bag4 ,9 conclud+ ?is *apt] x may be p]t95t to say t ! novice on ! trail is pretty c]ta9 to burd5 himself ) _m ?+s he w seldom or nev] use4 ,take y\r outfitt] into y\r confid5ce4 ,tell him :at sort ( a trip y contemplate & he w advise y4 ,fir/-class outfitt]s are usually practical out-(-door m5 & camp+ exp]ts4 ,!y h made an ext5d$ /udy ( ! subject1 = x is "p ( _! bus9ess to d s4 ,!re=e1 9 select+ outfit1 x is bo? safe & wise to rely ^u ! advice ( any responsible outfitt]4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,food ,! true wild]ness voyag] is will+ to endure "s discom=ts on ! trail1 to "w h>d & submit to black flies & o!r pe/s1 b z a rew>d he usually dem&s satisfy+ meals4 ,!re is1 inde$1 no reason = him to d5y himself a v>iety & a pl5ty1 unless 8 trip is to ext5d into mon?s4 ,weight on ! portage trail is always ! consid]ation t cuts d[n ! ration4 ,pack+ on "o's back a ration to be us$ two or ?ree mon?s h5ce is disc\rag+4 ,i h evolv$ a two-week food supply = two m51 bas$ ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates army ration1 v>i$ z ! result ( my own exp]i5ces h dictat$4 ,x (f]s n only great v>iety1 b is an exce$+ly b\ntiful ration ev5 = hungry m54 ,p]sonal ta/e w sugge/ "s elim9ations or sub/itutions t may be made )\t mat]ial loss or *ange 9 weight4 ,if !re is c]ta9ty ( cat*+ fi% or kill+ game1 or if opportunity (f]s = pur*as+ fre% supplies along ! trail1 r$uctions 9 quantity may be made accord+ly4 ,= ea* additional man1 or = any p]iod beyond two weeks1 a proportionate increase 9 quantity may be made4 ,bacon1 #f p\nds4 ,salt fat pork1 #b p\nds4 ,ham or cann$ meats1 #e p\nds4 ,truegg 7egg p[d]71 #a p\nd 7equals #d doz5 eggs47 ,trucream 7milk p[d]71 #a-a_/b p\nds4 ,crisco1 #c p\nds1 7#b cans74 ,fre% bread1 #b p\nds4 ,fl\r1 #ab p\nds4 ,corn meal 7yell[71 #a p\nd4 ,roll$ oats1 #a p\nd4 ,rice1 #a p\nd4 ,bak+ p[d]1 #a_/b p\nd4 ,potatoes 7,dehydrat$7 ric$1 #b p\nds 7equals #ad lbs4 fre% potatoes74 ,potatoes 7,dehydrat$7 slic$1 #a p\nd 7equals #g lbs4 fre% potatoes74 ,c>rots 7,dehydrat$71 #a_/d p\nd 7equals #c lbs4 fre% c>rots74 ,onions 7,dehydrat$71 #a_/d p\nd 7equals #c-c_/d lbs4 fre% onions74 ,cranb]ries 7,dehydrat$71 #a_/d p\nd 7equals #b-a_/b qts4 fre% fruit74 ,beans1 #b p\nds4 ,gre5 peas 7,dehydrat$71 #a_/d p\nd 7equals #a-a_/d lbs4 fre% peas74 ,c(fee 7gr\nd71 #b p\nds4 ,tea1 #a_/b p\nd4 ,cocoa1 #a_/b p\nd4 ,sug> 7granulat$71 #e p\nds4 ,pres]ves1 #a p\nd4 ,lemons1 #a_/b doz54 ,lime tablets1 #a_/b p\nd4 ,prunes 7/on$71 #a p\nd4 ,rais9s1 #a p\nd4 ,salt1 #a p\nd4 ,pepp]1 #a_/d ounce4 ,?is gives ea* man a nom9al ration ( #ad-a_/b p\nds a week1 or ab\t two p\nds a day4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 x is m b\ntiful ?an ! summ] g>rison ration & f> m lib]al ?an ! summ] m>*+ ration ( ! army4 ,?is is br\ght ab\t by ! pretty g5]al elim9ation ( wat]1 l>gely ?r\gh ! sub/itution ( dehydrat$ vegetables & fruits = fre% & cann$ goods4 ,! dehydrat$ products designat$ are 9 e p>ticul> equal to fre% products & f> sup]ior to cann$ goods4 ,dehydrat$ vegetables possess all ! qualities1 9 fact1 ( fre% vegetables1 ) only ! l>ge p]c5tage ( wat] remov$4 ,wat] is introduc$ re/or+ !m to orig9al =m usually by boil+4 ,no *emical is us$ z a pres]vative z is ! case ) all dri$ vegetables put up by =eign manufactur]s4 ,x w be notic$ t butt] has be5 omitt$ & t ,crisco has be5 introduc$ 9 ! place ( l>d & to be us$ 9 cook+ in/ead ( butt]4 ,crisco is a product ( edible vegetable oils4 ,x has ! appe>ance ( l>d b c be heat$ to a mu* high] temp]ature )\t burn+1 is fully equal to butt] :5 us$ z %ort5+1 & d\gh bread1 fi% or o!r articles ( food fri$ 9 x w n absorb x s readily z !y w l>d1 nor w x transmit ! flavor ( "o food to ano!r4 ,= example1 fi% may be fri$ 9 ,crisco1 & d\gh bread or any?+ else fri$ 9 ! same ,crisco w h n ! slighte/ flavor ( fi%4 ,x w keep fre% & sweet "u conditions t turn l>d & butt] rancid4 ,butt] quickly becomes /rong1 & ! heat ( ! sun keeps x 9 an oily1 unpalatable condition1 ev5 :5 pack$ 9 air-tight t9s4 ,! mo/ lavi% us] ( butt] w discov] t x is no h>d%ip to g )\t x :5 9 camp4 ,crisco1 put up 9 h&y1 friction-top cans1 c be pur*as$ f ne>ly any groc]4 ,c(fee %\ld be c>ri$ 9 friction-top t9s4 ,on ext5d$ trips c(fee is too bulky to c>ry save z a special treat4 ,a p\nd ( tea w g z f> z _m p\nds ( c(fee2 !re=e on trips ext5d+ beyond ?ree or f\r weeks ! proportion ( tea %\ld be increas$ & t ( c(fee dim9i%$4 ,on %ort trips1 h[ev]1 su* z we are discuss+1 !re is no reason & mo/ ,am]icans usually pref] x ev5 :5 9 camp4 ,ea* article ( food %\ld h its individual bag1 to fit into "o ( ! l>g] wat]pro( canvas bags describ$1 ?\gh ! bacon & fat pork1 ea* piece wrapp$ 9 p>aff9 7wax$7 pap]1 may be pack$ 9 "o bag4 ,p>aff9 pap] w protect o!r packages 9 ! bag f grease4 ,sev]al articles ( small bulk & weight su* z dehydrat$ c>rots1 onions1 cranb]ries & gre5 peas ea* 9 its orig9al package or a small musl9 bag suitable 9 size may be c>ri$ 9 a s+le balloon silk bag4 ,! small bags conta9+ su* articles z are n 9 daily & frequ5t use %\ld be /[$ 9 ! bottoms ( ! canvas bags1 :ile ^? 9 con/ant dem& %\ld be at ! top :]e !y c be _h )\t unpack+ ! entire bag4 ,e package or bag %\ld be pla9ly label$ ) ! nature ( its cont5ts4 ,9 label+ !m use ink1 z p5cil m>ks are too easily oblit]at$4 ,:]e a p>ty is compos$ ( a suffici5t numb] ( p to make x wor? :ile ! p>ty ration = ea* day may be weigh$ out & pack$ 9 a sep>ate receptacle1 ?us mak+ sev5 food packages = ea* week4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld be obvi\sly unpractical :]e !re are less ?an eight or t5 memb]s ( ! p>ty4 ,no glass or crock]yw>e %\ld be us$1 n only because ( its liability to break1 b because ( its unnecess>y weight4 ,a good way to c>ry ! t9 ( bak+ p[d] is to s9k x into ! sack ( fl\r4 ,! fl\r w protect x & preclude ! possibility ( ! cov] com+ (f & ! cont5ts spill+ out4 ,d n c>ry prep>$ or self-rais+ fl\r on ! trail4 ,= _m reasons x is unpractical = trail use1 ?\gh p]haps mo/ excell5t 9 ! kit*5 at home4 ,?r\gh\t ,i h acc5tuat$ ! advisability ( wat]pro( cov]s = ev]y?+4 ,e ounce ( wat] absorb$ by t5t1 bags1 or package cov]s1 adds to ! t$ium ( ! trail by s mu* unnecess>y weight4 ,:5 fl\r c>ri$ 9 an ord9>y sack ,is expos$ to ra9 a pa/e w =m next ! clo?1 & pres5tly h>d5 into a cru/ t w protect ! bulk ( fl\r f injury4 ,b ! fl\r us$ up 9 ! process ( cru/ =m+ is a decid$ wa/e1 & ! pa/e1 reta9+ a degree ( moi/ure1 increases weight4 ,i h sugge/$ balloon silk = ! small food bags to fit into ! l>g] wat]pro($ canvas bags1 n only because x does n absorb moi/ure1 b because !re w be no possibility ( ! cont5ts sift+ ?r\gh ! clo?4 ,if ^! or ! clo? f :i* to make !m _c be readily obta9$1 closely wov5 musl9 w d4 ,%\ld ! canoei/ desire to make 8 own bags & %\ld he n f9d x conv5i5t to pur*ase wat]pro($ canvas1 ! ord9>y canvas :i* he w use may be wat]pro($ by ! foll[+ process3 ,9 two gallons ( boil+ wat] dissolve ?ree & "o-half ounces ( alum4 ,ra9 wat] is be/1 ?\gh any s(t wat] w d2 b x mu/ be s(t wat] to obta9 ! be/ results4 ,9 ano!r vessel dissolve f\r ounces ( sug> ( lead 9 two gallons ( s(t wat]4 ,unite ! solutions :5 !y h cle>$ by p\r+ into ano!r vessel ,no4 #a fir/1 !n ,no4 #b4 ,let ! solution /& ov] night1 decant x into a tub1 free ( any s$im5t t may h settl$1 & x is ready = ! canvas4 ,! clo? %\ld be put into ! solution1 ?or\ghly saturat$ ) x & !n lightly wrung out1 & hung up to dry4 ,?is treatm5t w r5d] canvas to a consid]able ext5t1 ?\gh n completely1 wat]pro(4 ,musl9 = ! small] food bags may be wat]pro($ by pa9t+ x ) a saturate solution ( turp5t9e & p>aff94 ,cann$ goods %\ld be pack$ snugly 9 canvas bags1 ) cans on end1 t ! sides1 n ! corn]s or edges1 w re/ aga9/ ! back 9 portag+4 ,camp *e/s 9 :i* to /ore food or o!r articles are c>ri$ by "s canoei/s1 b !y add consid]able weight to ! outfit4 ,! be/ & mo/ s]viceable camp *e/ is "o ( inde/ructible fib]4 ,"o ) an inside measurem5t ( #ah #bd #ab in*es weighs tw5ty p\nds4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,portage ,!re are sev]al types ( pack h>ness (f]$ by outfitt]s1 b x is g5]ally conc$$ t ! be/ me?od ( c>ry+ heavy or m$ium-weight packs is ) ! tump l9e4 ,9 tump l9e c>ry+ ! pack is support$ by a broad b& ( lea!r pass$ across ! head--high up on ! =ehead--?us ?r[+ ! weight ^u ! /rong muscles ( ! neck1 ) no %\ld] /raps or o!r support4 ,canadian voyageurs1 ,hudson's ,bay ,company pack]s & ,indians use ! tump l9e to ! exclusion ( all %\ld]-c>ry+ devices4 ,inde$1 by no o!r me?od w\ld x be possible = !m to transport ^u _! backs ?r\gh a r\gh c\ntry ! heavy burd5s :i* !y are call$ ^u to c>ry4 ,exp]i5c$ pack]s ) ! tump l9e w sometimes portage loads ( upw>ds ( f\r hundr$ p\nds4 ,9 te/s ( skill ,i h se5 a man c>ry 9 a s+le load ! cont5ts ( ?ree b>rels ( fl\r--#ehh p\nds4 ,! tump l9e consi/s ( a broad piece ( lea!r "s eighte5 or tw5ty in*es 9 l5g? 7kn[n z ! head /rap or headpiece71 ) a lea!r ?ong usually ab\t sev5 feet 9 l5g? atta*$ to ea* end1 ! total l5g? f ! tip end ( "o ?ong to ! tip end ( ! o!r ?ong av]ag+ ab\t sixte5 feet4 ,sometimes ! two ?ongs are sewn to ! headpiece1 & aga9 ! l9e is a s+le /rip ( lea!r1 broad5$ 9 ! c5t] to =m ! headpiece4 ,! be/ tump l9es1 h[ev]1 h ! head /rap z a sep>ate piece ) a buckle at ea* end by :i* ! ?ongs are atta*$4 ,?is arrangem5t admits ( adju/m5t1 if necess>y1 to suit ! individual aft] ! pack has be5 made up4 ,!re is a knack 9 tump l9e c>ry+1 b ! foll[+ directions = mak+ up v>i\s packs w give ! novice suffici5t insight1 ) a little exp]i5ce1 to enable him to acquire ! art4 ,:5 ! pack is to be made up :olly ( bags1 lay ! tump l9e on ! gr\nd ) ! ?ongs p>allel to ea* o!r & f sixte5 to tw5ty in*es ap>t1 dep5d+ ^u ! l5g? ( ! bags to be pack$4 ,place ! bags across ! ?ongs1 "o bag ^u ano!r1 tak+ c>e t ! ?ongs are n s ne> ! ends ( ! bags z to r5d] !m liable to slip (f :5 ! pack is ti$4 ,n[ lift ! head /rap above ! top bag & secure ! pack by draw+ ! loose end ( ea* ?ong 9 turn tight ar\nd ! bags & knott+ x a few in*es bel[ ! buckle t atta*es its o!r end to ! headpiece4 ,:5 a pack clo? is to be us$1 spread ! pack clo? ^u ! ?ongs ( ! tump l9e1 /ret*$ ^u ! gr\nd 9 ! mann] above describ$1 & 9 ! c5t] ( ! pack clo? lay fold$ blankets & o!r articles to be pack$1 mak+ ! pile ab\t two feet long1 & tak+ c>e t h>d sub/ances are 9 ! c5t]1 ) blankets & s(t ?+s outside4 ,n[ turn ! sides ( ! pack clo? ov] ! pack & fold ov] ! ends4 ,if a bag is to be includ$1 lay x ^u ! pack aft] ! clo? has be5 fold$1 & secure ! :ole z 9 ! =m] case4 ,ano!r me?od ( mak+ up a pack ) ! pack clo?1 common among ,canadian voyageurs1 is z foll[s3 ,spread ! clo? ^u ! gr\nd1 & lay ! tump l9e across x1 ! headpiece ne> "o end & ! ?ongs a foot f ! sides4 ,fold ! sides ( ! clo? inw>d ov] ea* ?ong4 ,n[ build up ! pack 9 a neat pile ab\t two feet long on ! fold$ clo?1 tak+ c>e z be=e t h>d ?+s are plac$ 9 ! middle4 ,fold ! end ( ! pack clo? ) protrud+ ?ongs ov] ! pack1 take a half turn ) ! loose end ( a ?ong ar\nd ! o!r end ne> ! headpiece1 draw x tight until ! end is closely puck]$1 !n knot x & draw up ! o!r ?ong & secure x 9 l mann]4 ,n[ br+ ! free ends ( ! tump l9e to c5t] ( pack1 on top1 cross !m & pass !m ar\nd middle ( pack & tie4 ,! knack ( com=table tump l9e c>ry+ once ! neck muscles h become develop$ & h>d5$ to ! "w is 9 prop]ly balanc+ ! pack4 ,) ! headpiece re/+ high up ^u ! =ehead ! pack %\ld hang ) its bottom no l[] ?an ! hips4 ,nei!r %\ld x be too high4 ,a little exp]im5t+ w tea* j :]e ! prop] balance is to be f\nd4 ,if x is too high1 l5g!n ! l9e1 or if too l[ %ort5 x by means ( ! buckles :i* atta* ! ?ongs to ! headpiece4 ,exp]i5c$ pack]s pile additional bags or bundles on top ( ! pack1 ! upp]mo/ bundle /&+ high] ?an ! head4 ,9 my own exp]i5ce ,i h f\nd t an additional bag ?us plac$ ^u ! pack & re/+ aga9/ ! back ( my neck help$ balance ! load4 ,my favorite bag = ?is purpose is a =ty or fifty p\nd bag ( fl\r1 sometimes surm\nt$ by a light] bundle :i* re/$ p>tly ^u ! fl\r & p>tly ^u my head4 ,! t5d]foot w be q cont5t to limit 8 e>ly loads to sixty or sev5ty p\nds1 & ev5 !n 8 fir/ portages w n be :at he c consci5ti\sly t]m exp]i5ces ( unalloy$ joy4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 he w le>n ! knack ( tump pack+ & at ! end ( a c\ple ( weeks ( daily exp]i5ce w f9d himself able to negotiate a load ( "o hundr$ p\nds ) "s ease4 ,all ! v>i\s types ( pack h>ness are suppli$ ) /raps by :i* ! pack is secur$ & loops ?r\gh :i* to slip ! arms1 ! pack be+ c>ri$ f ! %\ld]s in/ead ( ! head4 ,) ?is sort ( a pack1 z ) ! tump l9e1 c>e %\ld be giv5 to ! prop] adju/m5t1 ) ! bottom ( ! pack no l[] ?an ! hips4 ,fifty p\nds is ab\t z heavy a load z "o c com=tably c>ry f ! %\ld]s4 ,outfitt]s sometimes atta* a headpiece to _! pack h>ness--t is to say ! h>ness is provid$ ) bo? %\ld] loops & tump l9e head /rap4 ,! object is to secure a division ( weight betwe5 %\ld]s & head4 ,?is is a me?od employ$ by ,eskimos :5 hunt+ )\t dogs4 ,! ,eskimo hunt] b9ds 8 pack ) sealsk9 ?ongs1 & manipulates a s+le ?ong 9 su* a mann] z n only to secure ! pack b to =m arm loops & headpiece z well4 ,no matt] :at type ( %\ld] h>ness is employ$1 a brea/ /rap mu/ be us$ to fa/5 toge!r ! arm loops 9 front or ! loops w h a cont9ual t5d5cy to slip backw>d & (f ! %\ld]s4 ,?is brea/ /rap fa/5s ! pack] s securely to 8 pack t %\ld he slip1 z is sometimes likely1 ! pack w c>ry him d[n ) x & ! probability ( injury is multipli$ _m times4 ,?is alone is a v decid$ objection to all =ms ( pack h>ness4 ,if "o slips ) a tump l9e1 on ! contr>y1 a slight twi/ ( ! head w dis5gage & free "o f ! pack2 & if "o is hunt+ ! tump pack may readily be dropp$ at a mom5t's notice1 %\ld game be sight$4 ,let me !re=e urge ! adoption ( ! tump l9e = all portage "w :]e fifty p\nds or m mu/ be transport$4 ,no exp]i5c$ pack] w use h>ness4 ,h>ness pack+ is inde$ indicative ( ! t5d]foot :o has nev] le>n$ h[1 unless on long cross c\ntry tramps ) light loads4 ,b on a canoe trip1 if "o w\ld make progress1 big loads mu/ be resort$ to4 ,= in/ance1 if ! canoei/ has a two mile portage to negotiate & "o hundr$ p\nds ( duffle he has b two miles to walk if he c>ries all 8 duffle at once1 b if he makes two loads ( x he mu/ walk six miles4 ,) ! hundr$ p\nd load ! portage may easily be cov]$ 9 "o h\r4 ,) fifty p\nd loads ?ree h\rs w be consum$1 = !re w be "t lo/ 9 mak+ up ! second pack4 ,axes1 guns & extra paddles may be ?ru/ "u ! ?ongs ( ! tump l9e1 or c>ri$ 9 ! h&4 ,nev] portage a rifle ) a c>tridge 9 ! *amb]1 & nev] portage a load$ %otgun4 ,to disreg>d ?is advice w be to take an unnecess>y & foolh>dy risk4 ,save 9 a r /iff breeze1 "o man c c>ry a canoe weigh+ less ?an "o hundr$ p\nds ne>ly z easily z two c c>ry x4 ,!re is "o be/ way ( do+ ev]y?+1 & ! be/ & mo/ practical way to c>ry a canoe is ! ,indian's way4 ,tie "o end ( a /\t /r+ or ?ong securely to ! middle ?w>t close to ! gunwale1 & ! o!r end to ! same ?w>t close to ! opposite gunwale ) ! /r+ /ret*$ taut f end to end ( ! ?w>t & on top ( x4 ,slip ! blades ( two paddles1 ly+ side by side1 "u ! /r+1 ! paddle h&les ly+ on ! =w>d ?w>t4 ,) ! h&les z close toge!r z !y w lie1 b9d !m ) a piece ( rope or ?ong to ! c5t] ( ! =w>d ?w>t4 ,spread ! blades ^u ! middle ?w>t suffici5tly wide ap>t to admit y\r head betwe5 !m4 ,take a position on ! left side ( ! canoe fac+ ! /]n4 ,j =w>d ( ! middle ?w>t grasp ! gunwale on ! opposite or "r side ( ! canoe 9 y\r left h& & ! gunwale on ! ne> or left side 9 y\r "r h&1 &1 lift+ ! canoe ov] y\r head1 let ! flat side ( ! paddles directly =w>d ( ! middle ?w>t re/ ^u ! %\ld]s1 y\r head betwe5 !m4 ,x w be f\nd t ?\gh y fac$ ! /]n 9 lift+ ! canoe y are n[ fac+ ! b[1 & ) ! b[ slightly elevat$ ! canoe c be c>ri$ ) ease & a view ( ! trail ahead w n be %ut out4 ,%\ld ! flat paddle blades re/+ ^u ! %\ld]s be f\nd uncom=table1 z !y d\btless w at ! end ( ! fir/ two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds1 a ,pontiac %irt or sweat] w s]ve z a protect+ pad4 ,outfitt]s (f] = sale yokes1 pneumatic pads & contrivances ( v>i\s sorts z protections = ! %\ld]s1 b ^! contrivances elevate ! canoe f two to f\r in*es above ! %\ld]s & ?is increases ! difficulty ( /eady+ x on r\gh trail4 ,! sweat] or ,pontiac %irt eases ! cutt+ effect ( ! paddles j z well z any ( ! special portag+ pads1 & ! canoe c be h&l$ m easily ) x4 ,besides x makes "o less ?+ to look aft]4 ,9 a /rong breeze x is (t5 difficult = "o man to h&le a canoe1 = ! w9d /rik+ x on ! side w turn ! portag] ar\nd & he w f9d x impossible to keep 8 c\rse 9 spite ( 8 be/ ef=ts4 ,if ! portage is a %ort "o--two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds--! canoe may be c>ri$ v well1 "o man ) ! b[ ! o!r ) ! /]n ^u a %\ld]1 ! canoe on its side ) ! bottom next ! portag]s' heads1 t !y may easily grasp ! gunwale 9 "o h& & /eady ! canoe ) ! o!r4 ,?is position w soon be f\nd exce$+ly tiresome1 & on portages exce$+ two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds ! paddles %\ld be arrang$ ) ! blades on ! aft] ?w>t & ! h&les la%$ to ! c5t] ( ! middle ?w>t4 ,) ?is arrangem5t "o man c>ries exactly z :5 portag+ ! canoe alone1 save t he /&s "u ! canoe j =w>d ( ! aft] ?w>t in/ead ( ! middle ?w>t1 :ile ! o!r man c>ries ! b[ ^u "o %\ld]4 ,?is is ! easie/ me?od ( two-man portag+ ( :i* ,i "k4 ,_m odds & ends may be tuck$ 9 ! canoe on ! portage--fi%+ rods1 = example1 9 cases1 ) "o end /uck 9 ! b[ & ! o!r end ti$ to ! =w>d ?w>t4 ,%\ld a canvas canoe become punctur$ x may be repair$ by "o ( ! foll[+ me?ods3 ,if a /ick ( canoe cem5t is 9 ! outfit1 heat ! cem5t ) a mat* & sme> x ov] ! puncture4 ,%\ld ! outfit conta9 a canoe repair kit1 cut a pat* ( canvas some:at l>g] ?an ! puncture1 apply a coat ( :ite lead to ! puncture & ov] a m>g9al space z l>ge z ! canvas pat*1 press ! pat* firmly & ev5ly ^u ! :ite lead & tack x d[n ) copp] tacks4 ,to ?is apply calor1 & :5 dry complete ! repairs ) a coat ( v>ni%4 ,%\ld m>9e glue be us$1 lay a %eet ( x ov] ! puncture1 heat ! bottom ( a cup or "s o!r smoo? metal ut5sil & rub x ov] ! glue until ! glue melts suffici5tly to fill ! puncture4 ,9 a region :]e spruce gum c be _h1 melt a quantity ( gum 9 a fry+ pan ) suffici5t grease to take f ! gum its brittle quality :5 cold4 ,:ile hot p\r ! gum ^u ! rupture1 lett+ x run well into ! op5+ & sme>+ x smoo?ly ov] ! outside4 ,pet]bor\gh canoes are also easily repair$ ) m>9e glue or gum4 ,9 load+ ! canoe place ! heavi] bags 9 ! bottom & middle ( ! canoe1 tak+ c>e s to di/ribute ! weight t :5 fully load$ ! canoe w lie on an ev5 keel4 ,keep ! load always z l[ d[n z possible4 ,e bag ris+ above ! gunwales (f]s resi/ance to ! w9d1 & t5ds to make ! load topheavy4 ,:5 b "o man occupies a canoe1 h[ev]1 suffici5t weight %\ld be c>ri$ =w>d to c\nt]balance 8 weight 9 ! /]n4 ,la% ev]y?+ fa/1 p>ticul>ly 9 r\gh wat] or :5 runn+ rapids4 ,x does n pay to take *ances4 ,) a companion ,i 0 once turn$ ov] 9 a rapid 9 an unexplor$1 sp>sely timb]$ wild]ness sev]al hundr$ miles f ! ne>e/ base ( supplies--a ,hudson's ,bay trad+ po/4 ,ne>ly all our food 0 lo/1 z well z guns1 axes1 cook+ ut5sils & _m o!r necessities ( travel4 ,! temp]ature /ood close to z]o1 sn[ cov]$ ! gr\nd & dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ?ree weeks occupi$ 9 rea*+ ! po/ we _h to dig driftwood f "u ! sn[1 & our +5uity 0 tax$ at times to ! utmo/ 9 ef=ts to protect ourselves f ! elem5ts & travel ) any degree ( com=t4 ,no?+ worse ?an an unpleasant duck+ 9 icy wat]s w\ld h result$ f our accid5t _h we obs]v$ ! rule ( ord9>y caution & la%$ our outfit to ! ?w>ts4 ,"o end ( a rope ti$ to ! =w>d ?w>t1 ! o!r end ?read$ ?r\gh bag h&les or pack la%+s & secur$ to ! aft] ?w>t1 w d ! trick4 ,a %ort /rap1 "o end atta*$ to a ?w>t1 ! o!r end suppli$ ) a snap to fa/5 on rifle or %otgun cases1 is a good way to secure ! guns & /ill h !m readily accessible4 ,if y w\ld make spe$ be sm>t 9 unload+ ! canoe & mak+ up y\r packs on ! portage1 & equally sm>t 9 reload+ ! canoe4 ,delays 9 load+1 unload+ & mak+ up packs are ! *ief causes ( sl[ progress4 ,:5 x is f\nd necess>y to track1 give ! re> end ( ! track+ l9e a turn ar\nd ! =w>d ?w>t1 on ! l& side ( ! canoe1 !n pass ! end back & secure x to ! middle ?w>t4 ,?is di/ributes ! /ra9 betwe5 ! ?w>ts4 ,:ile "o man at ! f>!r end ( ! l9e t[s ! canoe1 ! o!r man ) a pole may walk ^u ! bank1 & keep ! canoe cle> ( snags1 if ! wat] is deep4 ,%\ld ! wat] be %all[ x w usually be f\nd necess>y = him to wade & guide ! b[ ?r\gh op5 *annels4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,travel ,,) ,,saddle ,,& ,,pack ,,animals ,"u ?is head we %all consid]3 7#a7 ,saddles & pack equipm5t2 7#b7 ,animals be/ adapt$ to pack "w2 7#c7 ,outfit & provisions & h[ to pack !m2 7#d7 ,h[ to ?r[ "s practical hit*es2 7#e7 ,equipm5t ( ! travel] :o has no pack animal & ^: saddle horse is requir$ to transport bo? rid] & equipm5t4 ,com=t on ! trail dep5ds to a v l>ge degree ^u ! animals ( ! outfit4 ,a mean horse is an abom9ation1 & a horse may be mean 9 _m respects4 ,a buck+ horse1 a horse t %ies at /umps & o!r objects or at e mov+ ?+1 or "o t is fright5$ by sudd5 & unexpect$ s\nds is n only an uncom=table b unsafe animal to ride ^u rugg$ m\nta9 trails2 & a horse t w n /& )\t hit*+1 or "o t is h>d to cat* :5 hobbl$ & turn$ loose1 w cause no end ( tr\ble4 ,9 *oos+ a horse1 !n1 avoid s f> z possible "o ) ^! t5d5cies1 & also obs]ve ! mann] 9 :i* he h&les 8 feet4 ,he %\ld n be subject to /umbl+4 ,he %\ld be sure-foot$1 /eady & reliable1 to qualify him = "w on dang]\s trails2 ?is is ( ! fir/ importance4 ,a horse t does n keep 8 eyes on ! trail & select 8 foot+ ) c>e is :olly unsuit$ to m\nta9 "w4 ,he %\ld be gunwise4 ,a gunwise horse w n be easily fright5$ by sudd5 & unexpect$ noises4 ,:e!r int5d$ = m\nta9 or pla9s "w1 ! horse %\ld be a good camp animal--t is1 "o t w n w&] f> f camp4 ,x is m ?an aggravat+ to f9d ^u aris+ 9 ! morn+ t y\r horse has disappe>$ & "o always feels t "t consum$ 9 se>*+ = a rov+ horse is "t worse ?an wa/$4 ,( c\rse ?is t5d5cy ( an animal c be =e/all$ by picket+ him1 b a picket$ horse unless =age be p>ticul>ly good w n d well1 = x r>ely happ5s 9 ^! days ( %eep-ravag$ ranges t an animal c f9d suffici5t food to meet 8 requirem5ts )9 ! limit$ l5g? ( a picket rope4 ,"s horses ne$ mu* p]suasion be=e !y c be induc$ to =d /reams1 & ,i h _h !m lose _! n]ve & decl9e ! desc5t ( precipit\s trails4 ,an animal possess+ ?is trait ( timidity is n suit$ to trail "w1 = he is likely to cause tr\ble at a critical mom5t4 ,"s horses are good =ag]s1 o!rs are n4 ,a poor =ag] w become leg we>y & break d[n mu* m quickly ?an ! animal t takes advantage ( e opportunity to graze or br[se4 ,a horse j 9 f ! op5 range %\ld be r\nd & full-belli$4 ,?is is an indication t he is a good fe$]4 ,g5]ally speak+ ! *unky horse is ! "o be/ adapt$ to ardu\s trail "w because he usually possesses great] p[]s ( endurance ?an ! long]1 lanki] type4 ,all ( ! qualifications above enum]at$ %\ld be borne 9 m9d 9 select+ animals1 :e!r = saddle or pack use4 ,& ( c\rse ! animals %\ld be z s\nd z possible4 ,"o %\ld nev] />t ^u a j\rney ) an animal t is lame or has c9* sores or gall$ back4 ,:5 m\nta9 trails are to be negotiat$ a saddle horse weigh+ f n9e hundr$ to a ?\s& p\nds w be f\nd bett] adapt$ to ! "w ?an a l>g] animal4 ,too l>ge a horse is liable to be clumsy on ! trail1 :ile too light a horse w ( c\rse tire "u a heavy rid]4 ,a small horse1 z a rule1 is bett] able to =age a liv+ ?an a l>ge horse1 & = ?is reason /&s up bett] ) a mod]ate load on long1 cont9u\s j\rneys4 ,ponies weigh+ f eight hundr$ to eight hundr$ & fifty p\nds w pack "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds easily1 & ponies ( ?is size make mu* bett] pack animals ?an l>g] ones4 ,:ile = g5]al saddle "w ,i pref] a horse1 a mule is sur] foot$ & !re=e pref]able on precipit\s1 n>r[ m\nta9 trails4 ,9 ! ,si]ra ,madres ( ,mexico ,i rode a mule ov] trails :]e ,i w\ld sc>cely h tru/$ a horse4 ,good saddle mules1 h[ev]1 are sc>ce4 ,i nev] saw a really good saddle-broke mule nor? ( ,mexico1 ?\gh !y are d\btless to be _h4 ,mules h great] p[]s ( endurance ?an horses1 & = _m o!r reasons are sup]ior z pack animals4 ,! *ief objection to a mule is 8 timidity ^u m>%y trails4 ,8 feet are mu* small] ?an ^? ( a horse1 he mires easily1 & he is fully aw>e ( ! fact4 ,a good mule1 nev]!less1 is ! "o be/ all-ar\nd pack animal4 ,burros are good :]e =age is sc>ce1 b !y are sl[4 ,:5 ! burro decides t he has done a day's "w he /ops1 & t is ! end ( x4 ,he w n consult y1 & he w n take y\r advice4 ,:5 he fully decides t he w g no f>!r y may z well unpack & make camp ) z good grace z y c mu/]1 & keep y\r temp]4 ,i believe t burros h a well-organiz$ labor union & !y w n d "o /roke ( "w beyond ! limit prescrib$ by _! organization4 ,b "o mu/ sometimes resort to !m 9 des]t travel4 ,!y w pick _! liv+ & ?rive on sage bru% wa/es :]e o!r animals w\ld die1 & _! ability to g long )\t wat] is truly rem>kable4 ,on r\gh m\nta9 trails !y are ev5 m sure-foot$ if possible ?an mules1 b l ! mule x is difficult to =ce !m ov] m>%es or into riv]s :5 =d+ is necess>y4 ,9 horse-rais+ localities 9 ! ,we/ v good horses c be _h at any:]e f ?irty to sev5ty-five doll>s4 ,! usual rate = horse r5tal is "o doll> to "o doll> & a half a day1 & x is !re=e *eap]1 :5 ! j\rney is to ext5d to a mon? or m1 to pur*ase ! animals outright & sell !m :5 y are f9i%$ ) !m = :at !y w br+4 ,r5t$ animals are g5]ally animals ( l[ value & sometimes n v effici5t1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a mon? "o pays 9 r5tal a good %>e ( ! value ( ! horse4 ,! risk is no great]1 = if a r5t$ horse is injur$ :ile 9 a travel]'s possession1 ! own] holds him :o has r5t$ ! animal responsible = ! damage4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,saddle ,,& ,,pack ,,equipm5t ,! rid+ saddle %\ld be a d\ble c9*1 horn saddle1 ) wool-l9$ skirts & ( ample weight to hold its position4 ,my own is a regul> /ock saddle weigh+ ?irty-five p\nds1 ?\gh = all ord9>y use a tw5ty-five- or ?irty-p\nd saddle w d j z well4 ,i prescribe ! horn saddle because ( its conv5i5ce4 ,"o may sl+ ^u x a cam]a1 b9ocul>s or o!r articles 9 frequ5t dem&1 & :5 x becomes necess>y to lead a pack pony ! lead rope may be atta*$ to x4 ,= ?is latt] purpose ! horn is inde$ indisp5sable4 ,9 ! light ( p]sonal exp]i5ce ) bo? s+le & d\ble c9* saddles1 ,i recomm5d ! latt] unhesitat+ly1 p>ticul>ly = m\nta9 "w4 ,9 /eep asc5ts or desc5ts x w n slide1 :ile a s+le c9* saddle is c]ta9 to d s no matt] h[ tightly c9*$1 & ?is %ift+ w soon] or lat] gall ! horse's back4 ,9 ,mexico ! s+le c9* saddle is almo/ univ]sally us$1 b :o ev] saw a ,mexican's horse t 0 free f saddle sores8 ,! =w>d c9* %\ld pref]ably be a hair c9*1 ?\gh ! ord9>y webb$ sort1 bo? =w>d & re>1 does well en\gh4 ,! saddle blanket %\ld be a ?ick1 good quality wool blanket4 ,9 ,arizona ,navajo saddle blankets are popul>1 & !y are und\bt$ly ! be/ :5 obta9able4 ,a hair saddle pad or corona1 %ap$ to ! animal's back & us$ 9 connection ) ! blanket1 is a pretty good insurance aga9/ gall+1 & pref]able to ! felt pad1 = x is cool]4 ,a lea!r boot = rifle1 & saddle bags = toilet articles1 note books & odds & ends1 bridle1 halt] rope1 a pair ( c[boy spurs ) l>ge blunt r[els1 & a quirt to tickle del9qu5t pack horses w be ne$$4 ,! rifle boot has two sl+ /raps4 ,! usual me?od ( c>ry+ x is to ins]t x betwe5 ! /irrup lea!rs on ! ne> side1 drop ! sl+ /rap at ! top ( ! boot ov] ! saddle pommel & buckle ! sl+ /rap at ! bottom ( ! boot into ! re> latigo r+4 ,by deta*+ ! latt] sl+ f ! boot be=e buckl+ x to ! r+1 ! boot may be remov$ f or atta*$ to ! saddle by simply lift+ ! =w>d sl+ /rap ov] ! pommel1 )\t unbuckl+4 ,9 case ! sl+ /rap at ! top ( ! boot be plac$ too f> d[n1 x %\ld be %ift$ high] up & secur$ to ! boot ) a lea!r loop :i* may be rivet$ to ! boot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,me?od ,,( ,,sl++ ,,load ,,on ,,ap>ejo 7,,fig4 #a47 ,rope is d\bl$ & loop ,a ?r[n ov] horse's back to (f side4 ,n4 ,b4--,9 ?is & ! foll[+ diagrams ! pack is repres5t$ z spread out flat & view$ f above4 ,= ! pack animals ! ord9>y cross-tree or sawbuck pack saddle is ! mo/ practical pack saddle = all-ar\nd use1 ?\gh ! ap>ejo1 us$ by ! army & g5]ally ?r\gh\t ,mexico1 is sup]ior to ! sawbuck :5 unwieldy packages ( irregul> size & %ape are to be transport$4 ,su* packages mu/ frequ5tly be transport$ by army tra9s & !y are ! rule r ?an ! exception 9 ,mexico1 :]e freight+ ?r\gh\t wide regions mu/ be done :olly on ! backs ( animals4 ,illu/ration3 7,,fig4 #b47 ,packs are n[ lift$ into place & (f pack] br+s loop ,a up ar\nd (f side pack to top ( load4 ,ne> pack] passes end ,b ?r\gh loop ,a & ties ends ,b & ,c toge!r ) squ>e knot4 ,balance or break ! packs & load is ready = hit*4 ,! ap>ejo is ( ,arabian orig91 & ! ,spani>ds1 :o adopt$ x f ! ,moors1 introduc$ x into ,mexico4 ,9 ,mexico !re are two types ( ! ap>ejo 9 common use4 ,"o made usually ( ! fib] ( h5equ51 :i* is wov5 into pockets :i* are /uff$ ) grass1 to =m ! pads1 is us$ on donkeys 9 comp>atively light pack+2 9 ! o!r type ! pad cas+ is made ( ,mexican tann$ lea!r in/ead ( h5equ5 matt+ b also /uff$ ) grass4 ,?is is us$ 9 heavi] pack+ ) mules1 9 transport+ ma*9]y & supplies to m9es & m]*&ise to inl& settlem5ts4 ,! cross-tree or sawbuck1 h[ev]1 is us$ almo/ exclusively 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by =e/ rang]s1 c[boys1 prospectors & pack travel]s g5]ally1 & x is to ?is type ( pack saddle t we %all direct our att5tion *iefly4 ,x may be int]e/+ to note t ?is is a v anci5t type ( pack saddle1 ( ,asiatic orig94 ,x consi/s ( two saddle bo>ds connect$ ne> ea* end--front & re>--by two cross-pieces1 ! pommel & cantle =m+ a m9iature sawbuck1 :ile ! saddle bo>ds are simil> 9 %ape to ! ,mc,clellan saddle tree4 ,?is is fitt$ ) bree*+1 qu>t] /raps1 brea/ /rap1 latigos & c9*4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! rid+ saddle1 ! sawbuck pack saddle %\ld be suppli$ ) ! d\ble c9*4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! saddle fits ! animal = :i* int5d$4 ,a saddle ei!r too wide or too n>r[ w be c]ta9 to cause a sore back4 ,ea* pack saddle %\ld be accompani$ by a heavy wool5 saddle blanket1 :i* %\ld be fold$ into ?ree or f\r ?icknesses1 = "h ev5 great] protection is necess>y ?an ) ! rid+ saddle1 = ! animal is to c>ry a dead weight4 ,! pref]able me?od ( c>ry+ supplies ) ! sawbuck pack saddle is ) kyacks1 basket panni]s or ! al=jas1 ?\gh ) sl+ & la% ropes any sort ( a bundle may be slung ^u x4 ,:5 !y c be obta9$1 kyacks ( inde/ructible fib] /& fir/ = pref]5ce4 ,^! are usually f tw5ty-two to tw5ty-f\r in*es wide1 sev5te5 or eighte5 in*es high & ab\t n9e in*es deep1 & are fitt$ ) heavy lea!r loops = sl++ on ! saddle4 ,unless ! horse is a l>ge "o1 ! n>r[]1 or tw5ty-two in*1 %\ld be select$4 ,basket panni]s ( simil> size are light] b n s well adapt$ to h>d usage1 & are m exp5sive4 ,! al=jas is con/ruct$ ( heavy duck & lea!r1 & ( ! same dim5sions z ! kyack4 ,!y are mu* *eap] ?an ei!r panni]s or kyacks1 & are !re=e m commonly us$4 ,any outfitt] c supply !m4 ,!y are slung ^u ! saddle 9 ! same mann] z kyacks4 ,a pair ( ! type decid$ ^u w be requir$ = ea* animal4 ,! next requirem5t is a half-in* la% rope4 ,?is %\ld be at lea/ ?irty-?ree1 b pref]ably =ty feet 9 l5g?4 ,9 "s respects a cotton rope is pref]able to "o ( hemp1 ?\gh ! latt] is m commonly us$1 & regulations prescribe x = army pack tra9s4 ,a good broad c9* %\ld be provid$1 fitt$ ) a r+ on "o end to :i* is atta*$ ! la% or lair rope & a c9* hook on ! o!r end4 ,!re %\ld be a pair ( hobbles = ea* animal1 & a bl9d to put ^u ob/rep]\s pack animals :5 sl++ & la%+ ! load4 ,^! may be pur*as$ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ at almo/ any village /ore4 ,x is well also to c>ry a bell1 :i* %\ld always be /rapp$ ar\nd ! neck ( "o ( ! horses :5 ! animals are hobbl$ & turn$ loose to graze4 ,x w sometimes be necess>y to picket "o ( ! animals1 & = ?is purpose fifty or sixty feet ( half or five-eigh? in* rope w be requir$4 ,also suffici5t lead+ rope %\ld be provid$ = ea* pack animal1 & a halt] rope = ! saddle horse4 ,a l>iat c>ri$ ^u ! saddle pommel w be f\nd useful 9 a doz5 ways1 & may be utiliz$ = picket+ horses4 ,all horses %\ld be slick %od2 t is1 %od ) uncalk$ %oes4 ,! %oes %\ld be ( s(t iron1 n s light z to r5d] !m liable to b5d be=e !y are worn out1 & !y %\ld n ext5d beyond ! ho( at side or re>4 ,"s extra %oes ( prop] size = ea* animal1 a horse%o]'s nipp]s1 rasp1 hamm] & "s nails %\ld be includ$ 9 ! equipm5t4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,p]sonal ,,outfit ,,= ,,! ,,saddle ,! outfit recomm5d$ 9 ,*apt]s ,,iii & ,,iv 9 discuss+ camp & p]sonal equipm5t = canoe trips is1 ) ! modifications & additions :i* we %all n[ consid]1 equally well adapt$ to saddle & pack horse travel4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 our object is to describe me?ods ( pack+1 r ?an to =mulate an infallible *eck li/4 ,) ?is 9 view an effici5t outfit t may be easily pack$ & transport$ is outl9$1 9 a g5]al way1 & !re=e su* articles ( outfit m5tion$ 9 previ\s *apt]s z are obvi\sly useful only 9 canoe travel w n be ref]r$ to 9 ?is connection4 ,! w$ge1 ! ,hudson ,bay1 ! =e/ rang] & ! lean-to t5t are all good models = pack animal travel1 & easily erect$4 ,:i*ev] type is *os51 if made ( any "o ( ! light-weight mat]ials describ$1 w be f\nd bo? satisfactory & easily pack$4 ,= example1 a =e/ rang]'s t5t eight feet deep & eight feet wide weighs less ?an f\r p\nds1 :ile a lean-to ) approximately ! same floor space weighs ab\t ?ree p\nds4 ,9 ! m arid regions ( ! ,we/ "o r>ely f9ds x necess>y to pit* a t5t1 ?\gh x is h&y to h "o along & well wor? c>ry+1 p>ticul>ly %\ld x be desir$ to rema9 m ?an "o night at any po9t4 ,dur+ ! summ]1 save 9 high altitudes1 "o pair ( light wool5 blankets w be f\nd ample b$d+4 ,= all probable conditions ( wea!r1 h[ev]1 9 t5t or 9 ! op51 ! sleep+ bag is ! mo/ conv5i5t & at ! same "t ! mo/ com=table camp b$ yet devis$1 & x is s easily c>ri$ on ! pack horse t ,i advise its adoption4 ,"o made ( close-wov5 wat]pro($ canvas is ! mo/ ?or\ghly practical bag = g5]al use4 ,?is %\ld be l9$ ) two pairs ( light blankets1 t f\r ?icknesses ( blanket may be available = cov]+4 ,! blankets %\ld be s arrang$ t !y may be tak5 out & ! bag turn$ = air+4 ,"o may adapt su* a bag to ! temp]ature1 us+ z _m or z few ?icknesses ( blanket z desir$1 dep5d+ ^u ! numb] ) :i* ! bag is l9$4 ,i rec5tly saw a bag l9$ ) f\r ?icknesses ( llama wool duffel 7provid+ two ?icknesses = cov]7 t weigh$ b eight p\nds & furni%$ ample protection = any wea!r d[n to a z]o temp]ature4 ,pack clo?s or light t>paul9s #f #g feet1 us$ to cov] & protect ! packs1 w be ne$$ = ea* pack animal1 & at night ! b$ may be spread ^u !m4 ,saddle bags make excell5t pill[s4 ,9 travel+ 9 an arid region cante5s are a necessity4 ,!re %\ld be "o l>ge "o = ea* travel] to be c>ri$ on ! pack horse1 & a small "o swung ^u ! saddle horn w be f\nd conv5i5t = ready use4 ,a fold+ wat] bucket ( wat]pro($ canvas %\ld also be includ$ 9 ! outfit4 ,! alum9um reflect+ bak] :i* has be5 describ$ is f> pref]able to ! ,dut* ov5--a heavy iron kettle ) iron cov]--n only because x weighs f> less & is mu* m easily pack$1 b because x is m practical4 ,we/]n]s are w$d$ to ! ,dut* ov51 & ?is ref]5ce is m]ely made z a sugge/ion 9 case ! "q ( *oice betwe5 ! two %\ld arise4 ,if kyacks or al=jas are us$ ! l>ge wat]-pro($ canvas duffle bags & food bags w n be requir$4 ,! small] balloon silk or musl9e food bags1 h[ev]1 w be f\nd fully z conv5i5t 9 pack+ 9 ! pack horse kyack z 9 ! canvas bags on ! canoe trip4 ,ea* rid] %\ld be provid$ ) ei!r a saddle slick] or a pon*o1 :i* :5 n 9 use may be roll$ & secur$ to ! saddle directly beh9d ! seat by means ( tie /r+s atta*$ to ! saddle4 ,a pon*o is pref]able to a slick]1 because ( ! _m uses to :i* x may be put4 ,on saddle j\rneys 9 cold1 w9dy wea!r a w9d-pro( canvas coat or a l>ge1 roomy bucksk9 %irt is a com=t4 ,if a bucksk9 %irt is adapt$1 h x made pla9 )\t fr+e or frill4 ,wild]ness dwell]s =m]ly fr+$ _! bucksk9 %irts1 n alone = ornam5t1 b to facilitate ! dry+ ( ! g>m5t :5 wet4 ,9 ! fr+$ %irt wat]1 in/ead ( settl+ ar\nd ! bottom ( ! %irt1 ar\nd ! yoke & ! seams ( ! sleeve1 w dra9 to ! fr+e :i* ! w9d quickly dries4 ,9 our case1 h[ev]1 ! pon*o w protect ! %irt f a wett+4 ,9 summ]1 9 an arid or des]t region ( ! ,s\?we/1 a?letic summ] und]we> w be f\nd entirely satisfactory4 ,:e!r ?is or light wool is to be worn1 h[ev]1 w dep5d entirely ^u ! season & ! region to be visit$4 ,9 v w>m wea!r a close-wov51 good quality khaki out] %irt is bo? com=table & practical2 b on *illy autumn days a flannel %irt %\ld take its place--gray1 br[n1 blue--! color does n matt] s long z x does n crock4 ,x is my cu/om to h "o khaki & "o flannel %irt 9 my outfit4 ,tr\s]s %\ld be ( heavy khaki1 m$ium weight molesk91 or o!r /rong close-wov5 mat]ial4 ,full-l5g? tr\s]s1 ) re9=c$ seat1 are pref]able 9 "s respects to rid+ bree*es1 & may be worn ) ! regulation ,unit$ ,/ates cavalry puttee legg+s ) %oes4 ,"s rid]s pref] top boots1 su* z ,arizona c[boys we>1 & b = _! high heels :i* make walk+ uncom=table !y w\ld be admirable4 ,high-lac$1 m$ium-weight m\nta9e]+ %oes w elim9ate ! necessity ( puttees1 & _m pref] !m to l[-lac$ %oes & puttees4 ,9 sn[y1 cold wea!r ,i h f\nd heavy ,g]man socks & ord9>y %oes1 l>ge en\gh to avoid ! possibility ( p9*+ ! feet1 admirable footwe> = ! saddle4 ,b :atev] is decid$ ^u1 extra tr\s]s1 extra legg+s & extra %oes are sup]flu\s4 ,"o pair ( ea*--! pair worn--is suffici5t4 ,! hat %\ld be ( ! ,we/]n /yle1 ) broad brim1 & ( ! be/ grade4 ,! brims ( ! *eap] ones are sure to sag aft] a little we> & exposure to a %[] or two4 ,a good reliable hat may be _h = five doll>s t w /& sev]al ye>s ( h>d we> & may be r5ovat$ :5 soil$1 assum+ aga9 ! fre%ness ( a new hat4 ,i h "o = :i* ,i paid f\rte5 pesos 9 ,mont]ey1 ,mexico1 9 #aijg4 ,i h worn ,x pretty /eadily s9ce 9 camp & on ! trail4 ,x has be5 twice r5ovat$1 & to-day s ne>ly resembles a new hat t ,i am n a%am$ to we> x ab\t t[n4 ,heavy gauntlet bucksk9 gloves are a necess>y protection1 n only aga9/ cold 9 fro/y wea!r1 b aga9/ bru% 9 summ]4 ,! regulation ,unit$ ,/ates cavalry glove is ! be/ t ,i h discov]$ = all-ar\nd h>d usage1 & w n h>d5 aft] a wett+4 ,! saddle rifle %\ld be %ort & light--n ov] tw5ty-f\r-in* b>rel1 & n above sev5 p\nds 9 weight4 ,a revolv] is nev] ne$$1 ?\gh = t>get practice "o (f]s a means ( amusem5t4 ,unless go+ into p]man5t camp or into an isolat$ region1 x w h>dly be f\nd necess>y to />t out ) m ?an "o week's provisions4 ,be=e ^! are consum$ settlem5ts w be rea*$1 :]e fre% supplies may be pur*as$4 ,x is well to h along a few cans ( bak$ beans & corn$ or roa/ beef1 t a ha/y meal may be prep>$ :5 "t does n all[ a suffici5t halt to p]mit ! prep>ation ( uncook$ foods4 ,two or ?ree doz5 lemons %\ld also be provid$1 p>ticul>ly 9 summ]1 & 9 m or less arid regions4 ,provisions & g5]al outfit %\ld be neatly pack$ 9 small bags1 & ev5ly di/ribut$ 9 ! kyacks4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,adju/+ ,,! ,,pack ,9 saddl+ up1 be sure t ! saddle blanket is fold$ l>ge en\gh to protect ! horse's sides f ! pack1 :5 ! pack is slung into place4 ,o!rwise ! kyacks or al=jas w be liable ) con/ant *af+ :5 ! horse is 9 motion to cause sores4 ,n only :]e ! saddle re/s ^u ! blanket b :]e ! pack re/s ^u ! horse's sides !re %\ld be suffici5t ?icknesses ( blanket to ov]come friction1 & ?is dem&s a great] ?ickness ?an "u ! rid+ saddle1 = ! pack load is a dead load4 ,aft] ! pack saddle is ?r[n into place1 & be=e c9*+ x1 ease ! blanket by pull+ x up slightly "u ! c5t] ( ! saddle--along ! backbone ( ! animal4 ,?is w ov]come ! t5d5cy ( ! blanket to draw d[n & b9d ! horse's back too tightly :5 ! saddle is c9*$ & ! pack 9 place4 ,:5 pack+ ! kyacks or al=jas p>ticul> c>e %\ld be tak5 to h ! pair = ea* horse ev5ly balanc$ z to weight4 ,if ! load swung on "o side ( ! horse is heavi] ?an t on ! opposite side1 !re w be a cont9ual draw+ d[n ( ! pack saddle on ! heavi] side1 result+ almo/ c]ta9ly 9 injury to ! animal4 ,inatt5tion or willful c>elessness on ! "p ( pack]s 9 balanc+ ! pack is five times out ( six ! cause :i* leads to sore-back$ pack animals4 ,if two or m pack animals are us$1 let su* provisions & ut5sils z are 9 con/ant use & w be ne$$ at once by ! cook1 be pack$ on "o animal4 ,hobbles & bell %\ld also be c>ri$ on ?is animal4 ,?is w be ! fir/ animal unpack$1 & :ile ! o!r animals are be+ unpack$ ! cook may get busy1 & ! pack] w h hobbles & bell at h& to imm$iately atta* to ! animals4 ,atta*$ to ea* end ( ! kyacks & al=jas is a lea!rn loop or sl+ /rap4 ,by means ( ^! loops kyacks & al=jas are hung to ! saddle1 "o loop fitt+ ov] ! =w>d1 ! o!r ov] ! re> cruz1 or =k4 ,! kyacks %\ld be s adju/$ z to hang ev5ly "o ) ! o!r4 ,t is to say1 "o kyack %\ld hang no l[] ^u ! animal's side ?an ! o!r1 & bo? %\ld hang z high z possible4 ,! kyacks 9 place1 hobbles1 bell1 & su* odds & ends z x may n be conv5i5t to pack 9 ! kyack1 may be laid on ! c5t] betwe5 ! cros/rees & on top ( ! kyack1 & ov] all smoo?ly fold$ blankets1 sleep+ bags1 or t5t1 c>e be+ ex]cis$ to keep ! pack z l[ & smoo? z possible4 ,ev]y?+ c>efully plac$ & adju/$1 cov] ! pack ) ! pack clo? or t>paul91 fold$ to prop] size to protect ! :ole pack1 b ) no loose ends ext5d+ beyond x to cat* ^u bru% or o!r ob/ructions4 ,if inconv5i5t to include )9 ! pack1 ! cook+ outfit 9 its canvas case may be la%$ to ! top ( pack aft] ! f9al hit* has be5 ti$4 ,all is ready n[ = ! hit* t is to b9d ! pack into place4 ,frequ5tly ! travel] is n provid$ ) ei!r kyacks or al=jas1 & x becomes necess>y to pack ! load )\t ! conv5i5ce ( ^! receptacles4 ,be=e consid]+ ! hit*es1 !re=e1 let u describe me?ods ( sl++ ! load 9 su* cases ^u ! cros/ree saddle4 ,! load :i* is to be slung f ! cros/ree %\ld be arrang$ 9 two compact packages ( equal weight1 "o = ea* side ( ! animal4 ,boxes may be us$1 b l>ge1 /rong sacks are pref]able4 ,! l>ge canvas duffle bags1 describ$ 9 ! *apt] on canoe outfitt+1 are well adapt$ to ! purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sl+ ,,= ,,pack+ ,,on ,,cros/ree ,,saddle ,a is =w>d cruz1 ,b re> cruz ( saddle4 ,,cc are loops :i* support packages4 ,d & ,e are ends or haul+ p>ts ( rope4 ,take ! sl+ rope1 &1 /&+ on ! ne> side1 ?r[ "o end ov] ! horse's neck j =w>d ( ! saddle4 ,n[ at ab\t ! middle ( ! rope =m two half hit*es1 or a clove hit*1 on ! =w>d cruz or =k ( ! saddle4 ,) ! free end ( ! rope on ! ne> side =m a half hit* on ! re> cruz1 all[+ suffici5t loop betwe5 ! =w>d & re> cruz to receive ! side pack1 ) ! free end ( ! rope fall+ "u ! loop4 ,n[ g to ! (f side & arrange ! rope on t side 9 simil> mann]4 ,lift ! (fside pack into position ) its =w>d end ev5 ) ! =w>d =k1 lift+ ! pack well up to ! =ks4 ,hold ! pack 9 position ) ! palm ( ! "r h& aga9/ ! c5t] ( ! pack1 & ) ! left h& pass ! loop along ! l[] side ( ! pack1 draw+ 9 ! slack ) ! free end ( ! rope1 :i* passes ar\nd ! re> =k & "u ! c5t] ( ! pack4 ,) ! pack drawn snugly 9 position1 take a turn ) ! free end ( ! rope ar\nd ! rope along ! side ( ! pack4 ,?is w hold ! pack 9 position4 ,tie a b[l9e knot 9 ! end ( rope1 & at prop] l5g? = ! b[l9e loop to rea* ! c5t] & top ( pack4 ,place loop :]e x may be easily rea*$ f ! ne> side4 ,n[ pass to ! ne> side & sl+ ! ne> pack 9 exactly simil> mann]1 save t no b[l9e knot is to be =m$4 ,rea* up & slip ! end ( ! ne> rope1 :i* y are hold+1 ?r\gh ! b[l9e loop1 draw tight & tie4 ,! foll[+ is ano!r me?od ( sl++ packs1 frequ5tly us$ by =e/ rang]s3 ,?r[ ! rope across ! horse directly 9 front ( ! saddle1 & z 9 ! previ\s me?od =m two half hit*es ) ! rope at its middle on ! front =k1 b 9 ?is case p]mitt+ ! ends to lie on ! gr\nd on ei!r side ! horse4 ,place ! ne> pack 9 position & aga9/ ! l[] rope1 & hold+ x ) "o h&1 br+ ! rope up & ov] ! pack ) ! o!r h& & ?r[ a half hit* ar\nd ! =w>d =k1 keep+ ! free end ( ! rope "u4 ,draw ! rope taut1 lift+ ! pack well up4 ,pass ! runn+ rope back & ?r[ a half hit* ar\nd ! re> =k1 ! loose or runn+ end ( ! rope on ! "u side1 z :5 =m+ ! half hit* on ! front =k4 ,n[ pass ! runn+ rope f "u ov] ! pack at ! re>1 ?r[ a half hit* ov] ! re> =k1 take up all slack1 br+ ! loose end "u & ar\nd ! two ropes at _! int]section betwe5 pack & re> =k1 & tie securely4 ,! pack on (f side is slung 9 simil> mann]4 ,mo/ mules1 & n infrequ5tly horses z well1 h a con/itutional dislike to receiv+ ! pack4 ,if y\r pack animal displays any su* t5d5cy adju/ ! bl9d ov] 8 eyes & let x rema9 !re until ! hit* is ?r[n & ! load tight5$ & secur$4 ,! bl9d is usually an effective quiet]4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,"s ,,practical ,,hit*es ,:e!r ! load is made up ) kyacks1 al=jas1 or sep>ate packs slung to ! cros/ree saddle z describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] x mu/ be secur$ 9 place4 ,= ?is purpose v>i\s hit*es are employ$ by pack]s1 ea* hit* well adapt$ to ! p>ticul> conditions :i* evolv$ x4 ,our description w be conf9$ to ! foll[+ six hit*es1 :i* furni% ample v>iety to suit ! exig5cies ( ord9>y circum/ances3 7#a7 ,! cros/ree or squaw hit*1 :i* is ! fa!r ( all hit*es because f x ! diamond1 ! d\ble diamond & all pack-tra9 hit*es 9 pres5t-day use 7 evolv$4 7#b7 ,a diamond hit*1 adapt$ to ! cros/ree pack saddle4 ,?is is a =m ( s+le diamond4 7#c7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates army diamond p>ticul>ly adapt$ = use ) ! ap>ejo4 ,! true d\ble diamond is a hit* r>ely call$ = save 9 army "w or freight+ pack tra9s1 & w !re=e be omitt$4 ,!re are sev]al s-call$ d\ble diamonds t might be describ$1 b ^! ne>-d\ble diamonds possess little or no advantage ov] ! s+le diamond1 & we %all pass !m ov] z !y are sc>cely resort$ to 9 ord9>y pack "w4 7#d7 ,! "o-man or lift+ hit*4 7#e7 ,! /irrup hit*1 to be us$ :5 ! pack] has rope b no c9*4 7#f7 ,! saddle hit*1 employ$ 9 sl++ loads ^u an ord9>y rid+ saddle4 7#g7 ,! hit* = pack+ a sick or injur$ man4 ,,! ,,cros/ree ,,hit* ,?is hit* 0 introduc$ into ! ,nor?we/ by ! e>ly fur trad]s & adopt$ by ! ,indians4 ,among ,indians1 wom5 are ! labor]s1 & ! cros/ree hit* be+ ! hit* almo/ exclusively employ$ by ! squaws 0 pres5tly dubb$ by :ite m5 ! squaw hit*4 ,x is a hit* v g5]ally us$ by prospectors1 & = ?is reason is kn[n 9 "s localities z ! prospector's hit*4 ,9 o!r sections ( ! ,we/1 :]e %eep h]d]s commonly use x1 x is locally call$ ! %eep h]d]'s hit*4 ,x is a hit* easily ?r[n by "o man1 holds well1 & is !re=e a favorite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,squaw ,,or ,,cros/ree ,,hit* 7,,fig4 #a47 ,rope engag$ on c9* hook & bight ( rope runn+ f re> =w>d "u /&+ rope4 ,illu/ration3 7,,fig4 #b47 ,loop ( bight enl>g$1 rev]s$ & pass$ ar\nd bottom & l[] corn]s ( (f side pack4 ,illu/ration3 7,,fig4 #c47 ,hit* =m$ & ready to tight54 #a4 ,/&+ rope4 #b4 ,runn+ rope4 #c4 ,re> rope--(f side4 #d4 ,front rope--(f side4 #e4 ,front rope--ne> side4 #f4 ,re> rope--ne> side4 #g4 ,m>k]4 ,) la% rope atta*$ to c9*1 take a position on ! ne> side ( ! animal fac+ ! pack4 ,?r[ ! c9* ov] ! top & c5t] ( pack 9 su* mann] z to be easily rea*$ "u ! horse's belly4 ,pick up c9* & engage ! rope f 9 out ^u ! hook4 ,draw up slack1 tak+ c>e t ! c9* re/s prop]ly ^u ! horse's belly4 ,grasp ! runn+ & /&+ rope 9 left h& above ! hook1 to hold slack1 & ) ! "r h& d\ble ! runn+ rope & ?ru/ ! d\bl$ portion "u ! /&+ rope f re> =w>d 9 a bight1 at top ( pack4 ,enl>ge ! loop ( ! bight by draw+ ?r\gh en\gh slack rope to make ! loop ( suffici5t size to be pass$ ov] & ar\nd ! (f side kyack or pack4 ,/ep to (f side1 turn loop ov]1 & engage x ar\nd ! ends & bottom ( kyack1 f front to re>4 ,return to ne> side1 & pass ! loose end ( runn+ rope ar\nd ! =w>d end1 bottom & f9ally re> end ( kyack4 ,draw ! rope end1 f above d[n1 ov] & "u ! /&+ re> & runn+ ropes1 at ! top & c5t] ( ! load1 & ! hit* is ready to tight54 ,to tight5 ! hit*1 grasp ! runn+ rope a little above ! c9* hook1 & pull ) all y\r /r5g?1 tak+ up e in* ( slack possible4 ,reta9 ?is slack by hold+ ! /&+ & runn+ rope toge!r ) left h&1 :ile ) ! "r h& y rea* to top ( load & pull up slack :]e runn+ rope passes "u /&+ rope4 ,g to (f side & draw 9 all slack1 foll[+ ! rope ar\nd (f side pack4 ,reta9+ slack1 return to ne> side1 & /ill foll[+ rope & tak+ up slack ar\nd front to re> ( ne> side pack1 grasp end ( rope1 already engag$ z direct$ ov] & "u /&+ re> & runn+ rope1 pull h>d1 brac+ a foot aga9/ pack1 & tie4 ,two m51 "o on ea* side ( ! horse1 c1 ( c\rse1 ?r[ ! hit* & tight5 ! load mu* m quickly ?an "o4 ,tight5+ ! load is j z important a feature ( pack+ z ev5ly balanc+ ! packs4 ,! result ( an improp]ly tight5$ load w pretty c]ta9ly be a sore-back$ horse4 ,,! ,,cros/ree ,,diamond ,,hit* ,illu/ration3 7,,fig4 #a47 ,a turn is "h tak5 ar\nd /&+ rope ) loop ( bight ( runn+ rope ?ru/ "u /&+ rope f re> to front1 z 9 ,fig4 #a1 illu/rat+ ,squaw ,hit*4 ,take position on ! ne> side ( horse1 z :5 =m+ ! cros/ree hit*1 & ?r[ c9* ov] horse1 engag+ x on hook & adju/+ x 9 exactly simil> mann]4 ,take 9 slack & reta9 x by grasp+ ! /&+ & runn+ ropes 9 left h&4 ,d\ble runn+ rope & ?ru/ d\bl$ portion "u /&+ rope 9 a bight1 f re> =w>d at top & c5t] ( load4 ,take up all slack4 ,enl>ge loop ( bight by draw+ ?r\gh en\gh runn+ rope to =m a diamond ( suffici5t size to hold top ( load4 ,n[ br+ c5t] ( loop ov] & "u /&+ rope1 f re> =w>d1 ?us giv+ rope at ea* side ( loop a complete turn ar\nd /&+ rope4 ,?r[ ! dis5gag$ portion ( runn+ rope to (f side ( horse1 & pass+ to ! (f side1 br++ ! rope d[n along re>1 bottom1 & up front ( kyack1 ?ru/ loose rope end up ?r\gh loop at top ( pack4 ,take 9 slack & return to ne> side ( horse4 ,engage runn+ rope ar\nd front1 bottom & re> end ( ne> side kyack or pack1 & ?ru/ rope end ov] & "u /&+ rope opposite c5t] ( loop4 ,take up slack & load 9 ready to tight54 ,illu/ration3 ,,cros/ree ,,diamond ,,hit* 7,,fig4 #b47 ,hit* =m$ ready to tight54 ,tight5 load by grasp+ runn+ rope above hook & draw+ z tight z possible4 ,hold slack ) left h&1 gripp+ runn+ & /&+ rope1 & take up slack at loop ) "r h&4 ,pass to (f side & take up slack & tight5 re> to front ar\nd kyack4 ,pass to ne> side1 tight5+ front to re>2 f9ally1 brac+ a foot aga9/ ! load pull on loose end1 & reta9+ all slack make f9al tie4 ,! above describ$ diamond hit* is n ! true diamond employ$ by gov]nm5t pack tra9s :]e ! ap>ejo is us$1 b x is a diamond evolv$ f ! cros/ree hit*1 & is p>ticul>ly well adapt$ to ! cros/ree or sawbuck pack saddle1 is easily =m$1 & holds ! load securely1 :i* is ! ultimate object ( all hit*es4 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,army ,,diamond ,,hit* ,! s+le diamond hit* employ$ by army pack]s is ! ideal hit* = secur+ a load ^u an ap>ejo4 ,?is is a two-man hit*1 ?\gh an exp]t c ?r[ x alone4 ,"o pack] takes 8 position on ! (f side ( ! animal1 :ile ! o!r ) ! coil$ la% rope1 c9* atta*$1 rema9s on ! ne> side4 ,! ne> pack]1 reta9+ ! c9*1 ?r[s ! coil$ rope ov] ! horse's haun*1 to re>4 ,! (f pack] picks up end ( rope1 & receiv+ ! hook end ( c9*1 pass$ to him "u horse's belly by ne> pack]1 holds x toge!r ) end ( rope 9 8 left h&1 & /&s erect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,army ,,diamond ,,hit* ,figures repres5t successive /ages 9 =mation4 ,ne> side t[>ds "r 9 ea* case4 ,l9e ,,pp 9 ,fig4 #a repres5ts horse's back4 ,,aa 7,fig4 #c7 /&+ "p ( rope1 & ,a 7,fig4 #b7 ! runn+ rope4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,! ne> pack]1 tak+ a position at ! horse's neck1 grasps ! rope ab\t six feet f c9*1 & ) an upw>d & backw>d motion1 drops x betwe5 ! two packs1 "o slung on ei!r side ( ! ap>ejo4 ,/ill grasp+ ! rope 9 8 "r h& j =w>d ( ! packs at ! top1 he pulls =w>d betwe5 ! packs suffici5t runn+ rope to p]mit him to br+ 8 h& d[n to 8 side4 ,reta9+ ! rope 9 8 "r h& he n[ rea*es up ) 8 left h&1 & ) back ( h& up & ?umb "u grasps runn+ rope & draws suffici5t rope =w>d to p]mit ! left h& grasp+ ! rope to come d[n to 8 side1 arm's l5g?4 ,) ! "r elb[ crook$ ! "r h&1 /ill hold+ ! rope1 is br\ght up ab\t on a level ) ! *91 & ! left h&1 also reta9+ its hold on ! rope1 ?umb d[n1 is rais$ to holl[ ( ! "r arm1 ) loop ( rope betwe5 ! h&s ly+ outside ! "r arm4 ,n[ by a s+le sw++ motion ) bo? h&s ! rope 9 ! "r h&1 call$ ! /&+ rope1 is ?r[n ov] ! c5t] ( pack to ! (f pack] :o /&s ready to receive x2 & ! rope held 9 ! left h&1 call$ ! runn+ rope1 ov] ! horse's neck1 =w>d ( ! pack4 ,! (f pack]1 /ill /&+ ) c9* hook & end ( rope 9 left h&1 ) 8 "r h& grasps ! /&+ rope z x comes ov] z high up z he c conv5i5tly rea*1 draws x d[n1 & hold+ ! c9* hook 9 prop] position bel[ ! ap>ejo draws d[n ! /&+ rope & engages x ^u ! hook f 9 out4 ,! ne> pack] n[ draws =w>d betwe5 ! packs ab\t six feet m rope1 :i* he ?r[s to ! re> ( ! ne> side pack4 ,?is rope is n[ call$ ! re> rope4 ,he next grasps ! runn+ rope at ! horse's neck1 & ) ! (f pack]'s assi/ance releases t portion ( ! runn+ rope ly+ betwe5 ! packs =w>d ( ! /&+ rope1 & br+s x to ! c5t] ( pack on ne> side1 next to & j back ( ! /&+ rope4 ,he n[ slips 8 "r h& d[n ! rope to a po9t half way betwe5 pack & ap>ejo boot1 & ) ! left h& rea*es f =w>d betwe5 /&+ rope & ap>ejo & grasps ! rope j above ! "r h&4 ,bo? h&s are n[ slipp$ d[n ! rope1 & ) ! same motion drawn ap>t1 "o on ea* side ( /&+ rope 7"u :i* ! rope be+ manipulat$ passes7 to ! c9*es4 ,) ! h&s ab\t t5 in*es ap>t1 ! section ( rope betwe5 !m1 :i* is held 9 a horizontal position1 is jamm$ d[n betwe5 ! two c9*es "u ! ap>ejo4 ,! (f pack]1 hold+ ! runn+ rope ) 8 "r h& above ! hook1 places ! left h& hold+ end ( rope on top ( runn+ rope betwe5 8 "r h& & ! hook1 & ) ?umb "u runn+ rope grasps bo? ropes & slips 8 h&s up on runn+ rope1 br++ x to c5t] ( load4 ,he n[ draws ! end ( ! rope1 held by left h&1 =w>d until a foot or s falls ^u ! ne> side ( ! horse's neck4 ,! hit* is n[ =m$1 ready to tight54 ,to tight51 ! ne> pack] ) 8 left palm pass+ ! side & c5t] ( ! pack grasps ! runn+ rope at ! re> ( ! /&+ rope1 at ! same "t br++ ! runn+ rope betwe5 ! ?umb & index f+] ( ! left h&1 :i* he is us+ z a brace4 ,9 ?is position he is prep>$ to hold slack z x is giv5 him by ! (f pack]4 ,! (f pack] grasps ! runn+ rope close d[n to ! hook1 &1 brac+ himself ) a knee aga9/ ! ap>ejo boot1 pulls ) all 8 might1 tak+ two or m pulls1 if necess>y1 & giv+ slack to ne> pack]1 until no m slack c be tak5 on /&+ rope4 ,he n[ /eps sm>tly to re> & ?r[s ! top rope =w>d ( ! pack4 ,! top rope is ! rope lead+ up f ! re> corn] ( ! ap>ejo boot on ne> side to ! side & c5t] ( (f side pack4 ,aft] x is ?r[n =w>d x is call$ ! front rope4 ,he n[ prep>es to receive slack f ne> pack] by grasp+ ! re> rope :]e x lies betwe5 ! packs4 ,! ne> pack]1 :o has be5 receiv+ ! slack giv5 him by ! (f pack]1 c>ries 8 "r h&1 ) :i* he holds ! slack at re> ( /&+ rope1 to l[] side ( pack t[>d ! ap>ejo1 & rea*es "u /&+ rope1 ) left h& grasps rope above "r h&1 draw+ x =w>d "u /&+ rope1 & employ+ bo? h&s jams x upw>d 9 a bight betwe5 /&+ rope & pack4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 dur+ ?is op]ation to reta9 all slack4 ,! ne> pack] n[ engages ar\nd front boot ( ap>ejo ! free portion ( ! runn+ rope bel[ ! bight j =m$4 ,hold+ slack ) left h&1 he grasps ! rope to re> ( c9* 9 "r h&2 receiv+ slack f left h& he br+s rope to re> ( ap>ejo boot1 & ) bo? h&s c>ries rope sm>tly to upp] corn] ( side pack1 always reta9+ slack4 ,! (f pack] receives slack1 pull+ x 9 quickly h& ov] h&1 ! ne> pack] reta9+ 8 hold until ! (f pack] has ! rope taut4 ,! ne> pack] n[ takes a position at ! =w>d end ( load1 fac+ ! re>1 & grasps end ( rope prep>$ to take slack f (f pack]4 ,! (f pack]1 aft] receiv+ slack f ne> pack] z describ$ takes a turn ( ! rope ar\nd ea* h&1 hold+ e in* ( slack1 /eps to ! re>1 keep+ 9 l9e ) ! horse's body1 & !n fac+ =w>d ?r[s 8 full weight back ^u ! rope4 ,reta9+ ! slack ) 8 left h&1 ) 8 "r h& he br+s ! free portion ( runn+ rope "u & ar\nd ! ap>ejo boot1 f re> to front1 passes =w>d ( rope1 & fac+ ! re> & grasp+ rope1 "r h& above ! left1 br+s x sm>tly to upp] corn] ( pack4 ,! ne> pack]1 hold+ end ( rope1 imm$iately draws 9 slack until he has ab\t six feet ( free rope1 :i* he ?r[s ov] c5t] ( load to (f side1 & !n draw+ 9 all rema9+ slack takes a turn ( rope ar\nd ea* h& & ?r[s 8 weight ^u x1 & ! (f pack] releases 8 hold4 ,hold+ ! slack ) ! left h&1 ! ne> pack] releases 8 "r h& & ) x engages ! free or runn+ portion ( rope "u & ar\nd ! ap>ejo boot to re> ( load1 :ile ! (f pack] /eps to re> ( load1 takes end ( rope1 & :ile he draws 9 all slack1 neatly coils rope1 hold+ coil 9 "r h& at l[] side ( pack1 &1 ) palm ( left h& brac$ aga9/ c5t] ( load1 receives slack f ne> pack]4 ,grasp+ 9 8 left h& ! taut rope above ! coils1 & lift+ x suffici5tly above ! load to admit ! coil$ rope "u x1 he sw+s ! coils ) 8 "r h& f re> to front to top ( load & br+s ! /&+ rope held 9 8 left h& d[n on top ( ! coils to hold !m4 ,he n[ takes a loop ( ! rope1 =ces x betwe5 /&+ rope & pack1 9 a bight1 & takes a turn ( ! loop ar\nd /&+ & runn+ rope to secure x1 fir/ jo9+ ! loop well up1 & ! hit* is tight5$4 ,,! ,,"o-,,man ,,or ,,lift+ ,,hit* ,?is is a pretty good hit* sometimes :]e kyacks are n us$ & an irregul> pack is swung ^u ! cros/ree4 ,:ile x holds ! pack v securely to ! animal's back1 its t5d5cy is to lift ! corn]s t might cause friction ^u ! horse's sides4 ,/&+ on ! ne> side ( ! horse1 ?r[ c9* ov] ! horse's back1 pick up c9* & engage rope ^u c9* hook1 f 9 out1 z 9 previ\s hit*es4 ,take up slack1 br+ runn+ rope up side ( pack1 d\ble & ?ru/ loop or bight "u /&+ rope f re> =w>d at top ( pack1 to hold slack4 ,?r[ all loose rope to (f side1 & pass ar\nd to (f side y\rself4 ,illu/ration3 7,,fig4 #a47 ,a--,c9* ,d--,runn+ rope ,c--,/&+ rope ,e--,front rope ,b--,c9* hook ,f--,m>k] ,illu/ration3 ,,lift+ ,,hit* 7,,fig4 #b47 ,grasp loop ,a 9 left h& & ) "r jam rope ,c ,c along & "u rope ,b 7:]e latt] passes b5ea? corn] ( pack7 to ,d1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 7,,fig4 #c47 ,(f side ( hit* complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lift+ ,,hit* 7,,fig4 #d47 ,hit* =m$ ready to tight54 ,draw loose end ( runn+ rope =w>d & f "u /&+ rope at top ( pack4 ,! effect ( op]ations ?us f> is ?is3 ,! runn+ rope passes up ! ne> side1 f hook & to top ( load & passes "u /&+ rope1 :i* w s]ve effectually 9 f9al tight5+ ( c9* to hold slack4 ,pass end ( runn+ rope ov] & "u ! =w>d end ( (f pack & backw>d "u /&+ rope & pack4 ,n[ br+ ! rope =w>d ov] side ( pack1 d\ble1 & ?ru/ ! d\bl$ portion ov] & "u =w>d rope 9 a bight4 ,) left h& grasp d\ble ( rope at bight j to re> ( =w>d rope :]e x passes ov] & "u =w>d rope1 & ) "r h& slip runn+ rope d[n & j to re> ( /&+ rope4 ,take up slack4 ,by pull+ h>d ^u loose end ( runn+ rope ! ends ( pack w be lift$ slightly4 ,?r[ loose end ov] horse to ne> side1 & across middle ( load4 ,pass to ne> side & manipulate rope z on (f side4 ,tight5 load4 ,secure ! hit* by br++ loose end ( rope ov] & "u =w>d runn+ & /&+ ropes1 & tie4 ,,/irrup ,,hit* ,?is hit* is useful :]e ! pack] has la% rope b no c9*1 & may be employ$ on sawbuck saddle1 ap>ejo1 or :]e ! load is hung ^u an ord9>y rid+ saddle4 ,x is a two-man hit*1 ?\gh "o man may manipulate x4 ,illu/ration3 7,,fig4 #a47 ,rope is ?r[n across load ) equal portion fall+ on ea* side4 ,loop ,a is =m$ on top ( load1 & ! ends ,,bb are pass$ ?r\gh x to =m l>ge loops ,c & ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/irrup ,,hit* 7,,fig4 #b47 ,loops ,c & ,d are pass$ "u horse's belly & seiz$ by pack]s on opposite sides4 ,ea* pack] !n draws end ( rope :i* he is hold+ ?r\gh loop :i* has be5 pass$ to him4 ,(f pack] =ms b[l9e knot1 ,e1 & ne> pack] passes 8 end ( rope ?r\gh ?is4 ,hit* is n[ ready to tight54 ,pass ! rope ov] ! load1 ) an equal division ( rope on ei!r side4 ,=m a loop at c5t] & top ( load4 ,ea* pack] w n[ place a foot ^u ! rope1 :]e x falls f loop to gr\nd1 & pass 8 end ( rope ?r\gh loop f above d[n & draw ?r\gh slack rope4 ,?is =ms a loop on ei!r side 9 :i* ! foot re/s4 ,ea* pack] w n[ br+ =w>d & "u ! horse's belly ! loop 9 :i* 8 foot re/s1 pass+ ! loop to ! o!r pack] at ! same "t dis5gag+ 8 foot1 & w pass ! loose end ( rope :i* he holds ?r\gh ! loop :i* he receives4 ,! ropes on top ( pack w n[ be spread to prop]ly cov] & secure ! pack1 & all slack tak54 ,! (f side pack] n[ =ms a b[l9e knot 9 ! loose end ( 8 rope1 ! ne> side pack] passes 8 loose end ?r\gh ! b[l9e loop4 ,to tight5 ! load ! (f side pack] gives slack1 :ile ! ne> side pack] braces & draws 9 on loose end ( rope1 ty+ at b[l9e loop to secure load4 ,,! ,,saddle ,,hit* ,illu/ration3 ,,saddle ,,hit* ,) rope arrang$ z %[n ?r[ de] across saddle1 enl>ge loops ,a & ,b ar\nd haun*es & neck4 ,br+ ends ,c & ,d toge!r1 =m b[l9e knot on end ,d1 pass end ,c ?r\gh x & tight54 ,?is is a p>ticul>ly useful hit* :5 x becomes necess>y to sl+ a de] to a rid+ saddle = transportation to camp4 ,?r[ ! la% rope across ! saddle seat1 an equal division ( rope fall+ to ei!r side4 ,d\ble ! rope :]e x crosses ! c9* r+ & ?ru/ x ?r\gh ! c9* r+ 9 a loop1 draw+ ?r\gh en\gh loose rope to =m a good-siz$ loop4 ,?is %\ld be done on bo? sides4 ,lay ! de] across saddle1 ) head hang+ on "o side & haun*es on ! o!r side1 slip loop on "o side ov] ! de]'s head1 & ! loop on ! o!r side ov] its haun*es4 ,take 9 all slack4 ,=m a b[l9e loop on end ( (f side rope1 & lay x on top ( load4 ,?is loop %\ld be s adju/$ z to rea* ! middle ( ! top ( load4 ,pass+ to ne> side1 ?read loose end ( ne> side rope ?r\gh ! b[l9e loop4 ,tight5 load by pull+ on loose end1 & tie4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,pack ,a ,,sick ,,or ,,injur$ ,,man ,sometimes x occurs t a memb] ( a p>ty is s injur$ or becomes s ill z to be helpless1 & ! problem ( transport+ him ^u horseback pres5ts itself4 ,?is may be done 9 ! foll[+ mann] ^u a cros/ree or sawbuck saddle3 ,cut two /raight /icks ?ree feet long & ab\t ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,fit "o on ei!r side ( saddle snug aga9/ ! =ks4 ,la% securely to =ks =w>d & re>1 ) ends ( /icks protrud+ an equal di/ance =w>d ( & back ( =w>d & re> =ks4 ,x may be well to cut %all[ not*es 9 ! /icks :]e !y re/ aga9/ ! =ks4 ,?is w preclude lat]al motion4 ,cut two /icks two feet long & ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,place "o 9 front & "o 9 re> at "r angles to & across top ( /icks already 9 position4 ,^! cross-pieces are to be la%$ to position "o ab\t two in*es f =w>d ends1 ! o!r two in*es f re> ends ( l5g?wise /icks4 ,be=e la%+ !m into position cut not*es to receive la% ropes at po9ts ( int]section1 t any t5d5cy to slip or "w loose may be ov]come4 ,n[ cut two poles six feet long & ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,spread a pack clo? ^u ! gr\nd1 & presum+ ! pack clo? is six feet wide1 place a pole on ea* out] end ( x4 ,roll poles1 ) pack clo?1 to c5t] until !re is a wid? ( tw5ty in*es betwe5 ! out] edges ( poles4 ,9 ?is position lace clo? to ea* pole1 or if horse%oe or o!r nails are h&y1 nail x to poles4 ,%\ld ! clo? be wid] ?an l5g? ( poles1 fold 9 a m>g9 on ea* end1 be=e roll+4 ,place litt] on cross-pieces1 ! flat ( canvas on top4 ,not*1 & secure poles ( /ret*] at front & re> to cross-pieces4 ,la% d[n litt] by means ( ! /irrup hit*4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,travel+ ,,)\t ,a ,,pack ,,horse ,! man :o travels )\t a pack horse1 & c>ries 8 full equipm5t & provision supply ^u 8 saddle mu/1 ( necessity1 d5y himself _m ?+s t "u ord9>y circum/ances are deem$ ess5tials4 ,he mu/ inde$ travel light1 & unless he is well inur$ to r\gh+ x w be cont5t to conf9e 8 activities to ! w>m] & less inclem5t mon?s4 ,! food supply is ! fir/ consid]ation1 b n[adays "o is c]ta9 to come e ?ree or f\r days at ! outside ^u "s po9t :]e fre% supplies may be pur*as$4 ,!re=e1 twelve to fifte5 p\nds ( provisions1 c>efully select$ f ! ration already sugge/$1 w meet ! utmo/ ne$s4 ,9 select+ ! ration x is well to elim9ate all luxuries4 ,x may also be said t cann$ goods are too heavy1 :]e "o is to pack m ?an a two-days' supply1 & bacon %\ld be made ! basis ( ! meat diet4 ,b !n we are consid]+ me?ods ( pack+ & c>ry+1 r ?an *eck li/s4 ,limit+ ! quantity to fifte5 p\nds = a five-days' trip--& ?is is ample ) judici\s selection--! individual w be left to decide 8 ration = himself4 ,saddle bags w be f\nd indisp5sable & 9 !m w be ample room to c>ry ! limit$ toilet articles requir$1 a h& t[el1 "o *ange ( light wool5 or summ] und]we>1 mat*es1 tobacco & rifle c>tridges4 ,! be/ %elt] is a lean-to t5t1 made ( extra light clo?4 ,?is %\ld be ab\t sev5 feet long1 f\r & "o-half feet high & f\r feet deep4 ,su* a t5t w weigh ab\t ?ree p\nds4 ,! cook+ outfit w be limit$ to ess5tials4 ,if x c be _h an alum9um army or ,pre/on mess kit1 ei!r ( :i* weighs ab\t two p\nds1 a %ea? knife ) broad blade1 & a p9t cup1 w fill all requirem5ts4 ,if ! mess kit _c be procur$1 a small fry+ pan ) fold+ h&le1 an alum9um or enamel plate & a dess]t spoon ) %ea? knife1 & a p9t cup1 w d ne>ly z well4 ,9 ?is latt] case c(fee may be made 9 ! cup4 ,a small cante51 :i* may be hung ^u ! saddle horn1 %\ld also be provid$4 ,a small belt axe t weighs ab\t two p\nds1 ) %ea?1 a l>iat & a few feet ( rope w be requir$4 ,a s+le blanket or a pair ( light blankets n exce$+ five p\nds 9 weight w con/itute ! only b$d+ t c be conv5i5tly c>ri$4 ,to pack ! outfit spread t5t flat ^u ! gr\nd1 turn+ ! triangul> ends 9 to lie flat4 ,fold ! t5t once1 end = end4 ,?is w make a rectangul> pack clo? ?ree & "o-half feet long & ab\t five & "o-half feet wide4 ,fold y\r blanket to a size a little small] ?an t5t & spread x flat ^u ! t5t4 ,arrange y\r provision packages on ! blanket a foot or s f "o end & ) a m>g9 ( a foot or m on ei!r side4 ,fold ! end ( blanket & t5t up & ov] ! packages & roll up blanket & t5t toge!r ) a b& close to ! knob 9 c5t] to hold ! packages 9 place & prev5t _! work+ d[n t[>d ends ( roll4 ,! provisions %\ld be ?or\ghly protect$ 9 bags1 z previ\sly sugge/$1 9 ord] t !y may n soil ! blanket4 ,place ! roll directly beh9d saddle seat ) ! bulge caus$ by ! provision bulk re/+ aga9/ saddle seat1 ! end ( roll fall+ on ei!r side1 & tie 9 position by means ( lea!r tie /r+s atta*$ to saddle on ea* side4 ,! tie %\ld be made 9 bo? cases j bel[ ! bulge 9 roll4 ,! t5t w protect blanket & provisions1 & if judgm5t has be5 us$ 9 ! selection & arrangem5t ( provisions ! bulk %\ld n be unduly or inconv5i5tly l>ge4 ,! cook+ kit1 if enclos$ 9 a canvas case ) h&le1 may be la%$ to roll by pass+ la% /r+ ?r\gh ! h&le & ov] ! top & ar\nd ! kit4 ,a /rap above ! upp] loop ( ! rifle boot & ?r\gh ! belt loop on ! axe scabb>d w hold ! axe & ano!r buckl$ ar\nd ! rifle boot & l[] end ( h&le w prev5t a slapp+ motion ( ! h&le4 ,! pon*o1 neatly roll$1 may be c>ri$ on ! pommel1 ! c5t] ( ! roll press$ aga9/ ! back ( ! horn1 ! ends drawn d[n & =w>d ( ! pommel on ei!r side & secur$ ) ! lea!rn tie /r+s atta*$ to ! saddle4 ,:5 n 9 use sweat] or ,pontiac %irt may be c>ri$ ) ! pon*o4 ,! horse may be picket$ ) ! l>iat4 ,hobbles may be made z c[boys make !m f rope4 ,a /r& unravel$ f half-in* rope br\ght once ar\nd "o leg1 twi/$ r tightly1 ! ends br\ght ar\nd ! o!r leg & secur$ 9 ! twi/ betwe5 ! legs1 makes a good hobble4 ,always fa/5 picket rope or hobble bel[ ! fetlock j above ! ho(--nev] above ! fetlock4 ,! outfit "h outl9$ w weigh1 includ+ rifle & a reasonable am\nt ( ammunition1 f =ty to =ty-five p\nds at ! utmo/1 & "o may be v com=table ) x4 ,if game & fi% c be caught & are to be dep5d$ ^u1 ! provisions may be cut d[n to a little fl\r1 bacon1 c(fee & sug>1 & ! travel] may t>ry 9 ! wild]ness = a consid]able "t4 ,"o may leave out ! t5t1 & 9 a w>m climate ev5 ! blanket1 rely+ = %elt] :olly ^u ! pon*o4 ,an exp]i5c$ man w (t5 limit 8 cook+ outfit to a cup & cante54 ,a good /rong reliable horse1 a good saddle equipm5t1 & en\gh pla9 food is all "o really ne$s :o has exp]i5ce 9 wild]ness travel4 ,su* a man c make himself com=table ) exce$+ly little4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,afoot ,,9 ,,summ] ,on ! portage "o may c>ry a pretty heavy pack & ?9k no?+ ( x1 = ! end ( ! portage & ! relaxation ( ! paddle is j ahead4 ,! portage is m]ely an incid5t ( ! canoe trip4 ,! foot travel]1 h[ev]1 has no canoe to c>ry him & 8 outfit five or t5 miles = e mile he c>ries 8 outfit4 ,he mu/ c>ry bo? himself & 8 outfit ! entire di/ance trav]s$4 ,?is is obvi\s1 & x leads to ! conclusion t ! outfit mu/ be accord+ly r$uc$ bo? 9 weight & bulk4 ,h[ heavy a load may be easily transport$ dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! man1 b x is safe to say t ! inexp]i5c$ w f9d tw5ty-five p\nds a heavy en\gh burd51 & )9 ?is limit mu/ be includ$ %elt]1 b$1 & "o week's provisions2 ?\gh ord9>ily ! tramp] w be able to r5ew 8 supply ( provisions almo/ daily4 ,"u all ord9>y circum/ances a s+le wool5 blanket weigh+ n to exce$ ?ree p\nds w be f\nd ample summ] b$d+4 ,a lean-to %elt] t5t sev5 feet long1 f\r feet wide & f\r feet high ( "o ( ! light t5t+ mat]ials previ\sly describ$1 weighs less ?an ?ree p\nds & furni%es ample & com=table %elt]4 ,blanket & t5t may be c>ri$ easily 9 a roll1 ! t5t on ! outside to protect ! blanket4 ,to make ! roll spread ! t5t ^u ! gr\nd1 fold ! blanket once1 end = end1 & spread x ^u ! t5t1 ! sides ( ! blanket 7n fold$ ends7 t[>d ! ends ( ! t5t4 ,fold 9 ends ( t5t ov] blanket & roll up4 ,d\ble ! roll & tie toge!r a little above ! ends ) a /\t /r+4 ,! roll1 dropp$ ov] ! head ) c5t] re/+ ^u "o %\ld] & ! ti$ ends com+ toge!r ne> ! hip on ! opposite side1 may be c>ri$ ) little inconv5i5ce4 ,blankets are usually sev5ty-two in*es wide1 !re=e ! roll %\ld be ab\t six feet 9 l5g? be=e x is d\bl$ & ! ends ti$4 ,a belt axe w be c>ri$1 9 a %ea?1 ^u ! belt1 ! rema9+ equipm5t & provisions 9 a ,nessmuk pack or a ruck sack4 ,! ,nessmuk pack1 sold by mo/ outfitt]s1 is ab\t #ab #bj #e in*es 9 size & made ( wat]pro($ canvas4 ,?is w easily hold a n9e-in* fry+ pan ) fold+ h&le1 an alum9um pan #g #c in*es ) fold+ h&le1 a p9t cup 7if y d n wi% to c>ry ! cup on y\r belt71 a spoon or two1 a cook+ knife1 a di% clo? & a di% t[el1 toge!r ) "o week's provisions1 mat*es1 etc4 ,!re w /ill be room = a small bag conta9+ ! few ne$$ toilet articles & h& t[el1 & ano!r small bag conta9+ "o *ange ( light-weight wool5 und]we> & two pairs ( socks4 ,! cook+ outfit indicat$ is limit$1 b q ample4 ,i h done v well = weeks at a "t ) no o!r cook+ ut5sils ?an a p9t cup & a %ea? knife4 ,b "h we _c g into woodcraft or extreme conc5tration ( rations & outfit4 ,we are consid]+1 r1 com=table or mod]ately com=table outfits & h[ to pack or transport !m4 ,t5t1 blanket1 axe1 food & o!r equipm5t above sugge/$ w1 if intellig5tly select$1 n g beyond ! tw5ty-five p\nd limit4 ,! greate/ weight w be 9 ! food1 & ea* day w r$uce ?is ab\t two p\nds4 ,if provisions c be pur*as$ f day to day ^!1 ( c\rse1 ne$ n be c>ri$1 & ! rema9+ load w be v light inde$4 ,i w\ld sugge/ t a light sweat] take ! place ( a coat z x w be f\nd m com=table & useful & may be c>ri$ on top ( ! pack or 9 ! blanket roll1 = x w r>ely be worn save 9 ! ev5+ camp4 ,a broad-brimm$ felt hat1 an out] %irt ( m$ium-weight flannel1 khaki tr\s]s & /rong b n too heavy %oes make a practical & com=table co/ume4 ,wool5 socks protect ! feet f *af+4 ,"s camp]s l long ,g]man /ock+s1 :i* s]ve also = legg+s1 & we> ?9 cotton socks inside !m4 ,9 select+ %oes take into consid]ation ! k9d ( socks or /ock+s to be worn1 & see t ! %oes are amply l>ge ?\gh n too l>ge1 = %oes too l>ge are ne>ly z uncom=table z %oes too small4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,) ,,sn[%oes ,,& ,,toboggan ,9 ! mode ( travel "h to be consid]$ ! voyageur1 equipp$ ) sn[%oes1 hauls 8 provisions & entire camp+ p>aph]nalia ^u a toboggan or flat sl$4 ,! toboggan 7,indian ta-bas-kan7 _h its orig9 9 ! prehi/oric pa/ among ! ,algonqu9 ,indians ( nor!a/]n ,am]ica4 ,x 0 design$ by !m = ! purpose ( transport+ goods ov] trackless1 unbeat5 sn[ wa/es :]e sl$s ) runn]s c\ld n be us$1 & = ?is purpose x is unequal$4 ,:ile = our purpose ! conv5tionaliz$ toboggan sold by outfitt]s & design$ = hill slid+ & g5]al sport w answ] v well1 ! wild]ness model 9 use by ,indians & trapp]s 9 our nor!rn wild]ness is a bett] design$ & pref]able type = ! transportation ( loads4 ,v>i\s l5g?s ( toboggans are 9 use1 ea* int5d$ = ! p>ticul> purpose = :i* x 0 built4 ,! longe/ ,indian toboggan ,i ev] saw 0 twelve feet 9 l5g?1 b f six to eight feet is ! ord9>y l5g?1 ) a wid? ( n9e in*es at ! tip ( ! curv$ nose1 gradually increas+ to f\rte5 in*es wide :]e ! curve ends & ! slid+ surface or bottom beg9s1 & tap]+ away to ab\t six in*es wide at ! heel4 ,! conv5tionaliz$ type av]ages f f\r to six feet 9 l5g? ) a uni=m wid? ( ab\t fifte5 in*es f curve to heel4 ,"s ?ree or m crossb>s1 dep5d+ ^u ! l5g? ( ! toboggan1 are la%$ at int]vals across ! top1 ! =w>d "o at ! beg9n+ ( ! curve :]e ! nose beg9s to turn upw>d1 & on ei!r side ( ! toboggan f front to re> side b>1 & fa/5$ to ! side b>s at _! ends are side ropes4 ,beav]-tail1 be>'s-paw1 or swall[-tail sn[%oes1 ( ,indian make1 are ! %apes be/ adapt$ to ! sort ( travel we are consid]+4 ,^! models are all broad & comp>atively %ort4 ,! web %\ld be ( good c>ib\ babi*e1 closely wov5 = use ^u dry sn[1 & inde$ = all-ar\nd conditions4 ,:ile on wet1 soggy sn[ a co>se web may 9 "s respects be pref]able x w n comp>e 9 effici5cy ) ! close web on loose sn[1 or = all-ar\nd "w "u all sorts ( conditions4 ,long1 n>r[ sn[%oes may be v good = rac+ :]e ! c\ntry is smoo?1 b !y are n suit$ to a r\gh1 wood$ or brok5 c\ntry or to hummocky sn[4 ,! be/ & mo/ practical1 z well z ! simple/ sl+ or b9d+ = ! sn[%oe is made z foll[s3 ,cut f an ,indian tann$ bucksk9 a ?ong ab\t half an in* wide & ?irty in*es 9 l5g?4 ,?read "o end ( ?is1 f above d[n1 ?r\gh ! web at "o side ( ! toe hole1 & f ! bottom up at ! opposite side4 ,pull x ?r\gh until ! two ends are ev54 ,draw ! ?ong up at ! middle1 :]e x crosses ! toe hole1 to make a loop l>ge en\gh to admit ! toe "u x1 b n l>ge en\gh to p]mit ! toe to slide =w>d aga9/ ! =w>d cross-b>4 ,wrap ! two ends ( ! ?ong ar\nd c5t] ( loop two or ?ree times br++ !m =w>d ov] ! top & draw+ !m "u & back ?r\gh ! loop4 ,slip y\r toes "u ! loop1 br+ ! ends ( ! ?ong back1 "o on ei!r side ( ! foot1 & tie snugly 9 ! holl[ above y\r heel4 ,?is sl+ w hold well1 w n *afe ! foot1 & ) x ! sn[%oe may be kick$ free f ! foot or adju/$ to ! foot 9 an in/ant4 ,%\ld ! ?ongs /ret* 9 moi/ wea!r1 ! sl+ may be tight5$ by simply tak+ an additional turn or two 7)\t unty+7 ar\nd ! toe loop4 ,i believe t lamp-wick+ w\ld answ] z well z bucksk9 ?ongs1 ?\gh ,i h nev] us$ x because ,i h always c>ri$ an ample supply ( bucksk94 ,! be/ und]clo?+ = ! w9t] trail is good weight--?\gh n ! heavie/--wool54 ,two suits %\ld be c>ri$ besides ! suit worn4 ,und]clo?+ %\ld n fit ! body too snugly4 ,x is bett] t x %\ld be a size too l>ge ?an an exact fit4 ,! out] %irt %\ld be ( flannel1 & ( good quality1 ?\gh n too heavy4 ,hudson's ,bay ,company trapp]s we> good-weight molesk9 tr\s]s1 almo/ entirely to ! exclusion ( o!r fabrics1 & ,i adopt$ !m sev]al ye>s ago z sup]ior to any o!r4 ,!y are w9d-pro( & w>m & are p>ticul>ly well adapt$ to ! r\gh "w ( ! trail4 ,! ord9>y coat is n at all adapt$ to ! nor!rn wild]ness 9 w9t]1 = x w n protect aga9/ drift+ sn[ & driv+ blizz>d4 ,9 its /ead ! ,eskimo adickey %\ld be worn4 ,any seam/ress :o c cut & make an ord9>y "w %irt c make an adickey if y\r outfitt] _c supply x4 ,?is g>m5t is slipp$ on ov] ! head l a %irt1 & has a hood atta*$ to draw ov] ! cap z a neck & head protection4 ,! neck op5+ is l>ge en\gh to p]mit ! head to pass ?r\gh x )\t ! necessity ( a button$ op5+ 9 front1 = no matt] h[ closely button$ a g>m5t may be drift+ sn[ w f9d its way 94 ,9 l5g? ! adickey rea*es half way betwe5 hip & knees & is made circul> at ! bottom4 ,! hood %\ld be ( ample proportion to pull ov] ! cap loosely1 ) a draw/r+ encircl+ ! front by :i* x may be drawn snugly to ! face4 ,a fr+e ( muskrat or o!r fur ar\nd ! face increases ! com=t1 ! fur act+ z a protection aga9/ drift+ sn[4 ,:ile :ite ,hudson's ,bay ,company k]sey clo? is a favorite fabric = ?is g>m5t1 x may be made ( any wool5 blanket duffle or simil> clo?4 ,ov] ! k]sey adickey ano!r adickey ( "s smoo?-surfac$1 /rong mat]ial1 pref]ably molesk91 %\ld be worn4 ,?is outside adickey %\ld ( c\rse be j en\gh l>g] ?an ! k]sey or blanket adickey to fit ov] x easily4 ,! adickeys may be worn s+ly or toge!r1 accord+ to ! dem&s ( ! wea!r4 ,a ,pontiac %irt1 to be worn "u ! adickeys 9 extremely cold wea!r1 %\ld be includ$ 9 ! outfit4 ,?is w s]ve1 too1 9 camp1 :5 ! adickeys are laid aside4 ,a r\nd cap ( fur or heavy clo? provid$ ) flaps to turn d[n ov] ! e>s makes ! be/ head protection4 ,! hoods ( ! two adickeys1 z be=e /at$1 %\ld be l>ge en\gh to draw ov] ?is4 ,v important inde$ is ! "q ( foot dress4 ,n only mu/ we aim to secure ! greate/ possible fre$om & ease 9 walk+1 b ! ev]-pres5t dang] ( fro/bite mu/ also be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,socks %\ld be ( wool1 ( ! home-knit v>iety1 & besides ! pair worn1 ?ree or f\r extra pairs %\ld be c>ri$ 9 ! kit4 ,knit socks w n be suffici5t protection1 h[ev]1 & :]e two or ?ree pairs are worn !y are c]ta9 to bun* or wr9kle1 ) *af$ & sore feet z a result4 ,all ,hudson's ,bay ,company /ores keep 9 /ock a :ite fuzzy wool5 duffle ( blanket ?ickness4 ,if y are mak+ y\r />t f a ,po/ pur*ase "s ( ?is duffle & h "o ( ! wom5 at ! ,po/ make y a pair ( knee-l5g? /ock+s ( ! duffle to pull ov] y\r knit socks1 & two pairs ( slipp]s ( ! same mat]ial1 "o j l>ge en\gh to fit ov] ! foot ( ! long /ock+s1 ! o!r j a little l>g] to fit ov] all4 ,^! %\ld be made ( prop] size1 to obviate wr9kles4 ,! l>g] outfitt]s c>ry 9 /ock good wool duffle1 & w make ^! to fit prop]ly4 ,9 crisp1 cold wea!r1 :5 ! sn[ nev] s(t5s or gets moi/ ev5 "u ! midday sun1 bucksk9 moccas9s %\ld be ! out] footwe>4 ,ord9>y lea!r w freeze /iff1 /op ! prop] circulation ( blood1 & c]ta9ly lead to fro/$ feet4 ,! moccas9s %\ld be made ) high tops1 rea*+ above ! ankles1 ) bucksk9 /r+s to wrap ar\nd & secure !m4 ,moccas9s are light to pack1 & x is always well to c>ry a c\ple ( extra pairs1 to h on h& 9 case ( em]g5cy4 ,legg+s ( molesk9 7or "s o!r /rong1 pliable clo?7 l>ge en\gh to pu% ! foot ?r\gh protect ! legs4 ,^! %\ld be knee high1 ) a draw/r+ to secure !m j bel[ ! knee4 ,ord9>y canvas legg+s w n d4 ,! legg+s mu/ be made 9 "o piece1 )\t side buttons or o!r fa/5+s1 = o!rwise sn[ w "w ?r\gh to ! great discom=t ( ! we>]4 ,i h a pair ( bucksk9 moccas9s sewn to legs ( h>bor sealsk91 ! hair side ( ! sealsk9 out4 ,?is arrangem5t is pref]able to sep>ate legg+s b sealsk9 legs are difficult to procure4 ,ord9>ily ,i h f\nd "o pair ( knit socks1 "o pair ( ! long duffle /ock+s describ$ above & "o pair ( ! duffle slipp]s1 worn inside ! bucksk9 moccas9s1 q suffici5t4 ,! knit socks may be done away ) entirely & also "o pair ( duffle slipp]s if rabbit-sk9 socks are to be _h4 ,^! are worn ) ! hair next ! foot1 & are v w>m & s(t4 ,9 wea!r :5 ! sn[ s(t5s & becomes wet at midday1 bucksk9 moccas9s w n d1 = ! lea/ moi/ure p5etrates bucksk94 ,9 su* wea!r sealsk9 boots are ! be/ foot protection4 ,!y are wat]pro(1 pliable & light4 ,sealsk9 boots = ?is purpose h nei!r soles nor heels4 ,!y are simply sealsk9 moccas9s ) legs1 secur$ ) draw/r+s bel[ ! knee4 ,^! are ( ,eskimo make1 & n g5]ally obta9able ?\gh !y may be pur*as$ 9 ,newf\ndl&4 ,oil-tann$ moccas9s1 or l>rigans1 are ! next be/ moi/-sn[ foot ge>4 ,bucksk9 mitt5s ) "o or two inn] pairs ( mitt5s ( ?ick wool duffle1 w protect ! h&s 9 ! colde/ wea!r4 ,"o pair %\ld be a little small] ?an ! o!r1 t x may fit snugly into ! l>g] pair )\t wr9kles1 & ! l>g] pair ( a size to fit 9 ! same mann] into ! bucksk9 mitt5s4 ,:5 ! wea!r is too w>m = bo? pairs1 "o pair may be remov$4 ,a fr+e ( muskrat or o!r fur ar\nd ! wri/s ( ! bucksk9 mitt5s protects ! wri/s f drift+ sn[4 ,a pad ( rabbit-sk9 worn across ! =ehead w protect x f int5se cold4 ,hunt+ hoods ( knit camel's hair wor/$ are a pretty good head protection1 p>ticul>ly at night4 ,!y cov] ! :ole head except ! face1 & may be drawn up ov] ! *94 ,m\? & nose mu/ n be cov]$1 or ! brea? w quickly =m a mass ( ice ^u ! face4 ,"o caution1 ?\gh x may seem a digression1 may be made3 ,if ! nose or *eeks become fro/$1 z w c]ta9ly happ5 soon] or lat] to "o travel+ 9 a v l[ temp]ature1 d n rub sn[ ^u ! fro/$ "p4 ,sn[ rubb$ on is pretty c]ta9 to fracture & remove sections ( ! sk94 ,! ,eskimo way is to hold or rub ! fro/$ "p ) ! b>e h& until fro/ has be5 remov$1 & is f> sup]ior4 ,! clo?+ outfit above describ$ w be f\nd ample4 ,extra tr\s]s or o!r extra out] g>m5ts are n ne$$4 ,let all hang loosely ^u ! body4 ,no?+ %\ld fit snugly4 ,a pair ( smok$ or amb] goggles %\ld always be includ$ 9 ! w9t] outfit4 ,amb] is m effective ?an smok$ glass1 ?\gh ord9>ily ! latt] w d4 ,! goggles %\ld be fa/5$ ) a /r+ to slip ov] ! back ( ! head4 ,no metal %\ld t\* ! fle%4 ,! be/ l[ temp]ature sleep+ bag is "o ( c>ib\ sk9 made ) ! hair inside4 ,"u ord9>y conditions1 h[ev]1 a wat]pro($ canvas bag l9$ ) good wool5 blankets w d z well1 ?\gh su* a bag ) suffici5t blanket l9+ to give x w>m? equal to t ( ! c>ib\ sk9 bag w\ld be mu* heavi] & m bulky ?an ! latt]4 ,a bag l9$ ) f\r ?icknesses ( llama wool duffle 7t is1 f\r ?icknesses ov] & f\r b5ea? ! sleep]71 h[ev]1 %\ld n weigh m ?an t5 p\nds1 & w\ld correspond 9 w>m? to "o l9$ ) blankets weigh+ tw5ty p\nds4 ,an ,a or w$ge t5t w be f\nd ! be/ model = w9t] travel4 ,a %eet-iron t5t /ove ) bottom & telescop+ pipe w make ! t5t w>m & snug4 ,! t5t %\ld be fitt$ ) an asbe/os r+ at ! /ovepipe hole z a protection4 ,a pack clo? or t>paul9 w s]ve z an adequate & com=table t5t floor4 ,x is nev] safe or advisable = "o to travel 9 ! wild]ness alone1 = a spra9$ ankle or brok5 leg 9 an isolat$ region w\ld be m ?an likely to result 9 dea?4 ,9 ! ,hudson ,bay c\ntry two p\nds ( fl\r1 "o p\nd ( fat pork1 ) bak+ p[d]1 tea & sug>1 =m ! daily ration = a man4 ,x is well :5 possible to c>ry froz5 fre% meat1 free f bone1 ) a proportion ( desiccat$ vegetables to v>y ! diet4 ,butt] makes a ta/y v>iety to ! fat1 = x w rema9 sweet at ?is season4 ,prunes & *ocolate are bo? wor? :ile4 ,or if ! j\rney is to be ext5d$ ! m5u may be simplifi$ by ! introduction ( pemmican & ! elim9ation ( o!r articles4 ,pemmican is ! be/ cond5s$ food ev] inv5t$ = cold wea!r "w4 ,"o p\nd ( pemmican & a qu>t] p\nd ( pilot biscuit1 z a daily ration1 w su/a9 a man at h>d "w1 ?\gh x w prove a monoton\s diet4 ,! above is m]ely sugge/$ z a basis4 ,x may be exp&$ or contract$ z circum/ances require )\t di/urb+ its mean value4 ,let x be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ord9>y bread & o!r moi/ food/uffs w freeze z h>d z /one4 ,j]k$ v5ison & desiccat$ vegetables make ta/y & su/a9+ additions to ! ration1 & w n freeze4 ,a man is suppos$ to be able to haul at good spe$ ^u a toboggan a load equal to 8 own weight4 ,!re=e two m51 ea* weigh+ #aej p\nds1 %\ld betwe5 !m haul #cjj p\nds4 ,camp equipm5t1 t5t axes1 guns1 b$d+1 extra und]clo?+ & all p]sonal belong+s ( bo?1 if prop] c>e be ex]cis$ 9 selection1 %\ld weigh n to exce$ #adj p\nds4 ,add #hj p\nds ( food1 & we h #bbj p\nds1 or a maximum load ( #aaj p\nds = ea*4 ,! t5t & g5]al camp outfit is inde$ suffici5t = f\r m54 ,x is presum$ t ! alum9um cook+ outfit previ\sly describ$ w be *os54 ,"s elim9ations1 z1 = example1 t ( ! fold+ bak]1 might easily be made )\t s]i\s loss ( com=t4 ,to secure ! load ^u ! toboggan1 arrange ! bags 9 :i* x is pack$ ev5ly1 tak+ c>e t no "p ( ! load ext5ds beyond ! sides ( ! toboggan4 ,adju/ ! t>paul9 or canvas gr\nd clo? neatly ov] x4 ,secure "o end ( y\r la% rope to ! side rope on "o side at ! re>4 ,br+ ! o!r end ov] & "u ! side rope opposite4 ,cross x back ov] ! load & ov] & "u side rope to front ( next crossb>1 & s on to front crossb>1 tak+ slack z y proce$4 ,f front to re> criss-cross rope 9 same mann] ov] load & "u side ropes1 =m+ diamonds :]e ! rope crosses itself on top ( load4 ,br+ ! end ( rope "u side rope at re>1 take 9 all slack & tie4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,) ,,dogs ,,& ,,komatik ,9 consid]+ equipm5t = dog & sl$ge travel+1 we mu/ con/antly be> 9 m9d ! necessity ( keep+ d[n weight & bulk4 ,n long s9ce1 :ile visit+ ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,new ,york ,city outfitt]1 ,i saw an equipm5t :i* a sportsman ambiti\s = exp]i5ce ) dogs & komatik 7sl$ge7 _h select$ = a mon?'s j\rney :i* he 0 ab\t to und]take4 ,exclusive ( provisions !re 0 en\gh mat]ial to weight d[n f\r eight-dog teams4 ,among o!r ?+s 0 a specially design$ t5t /ove t w\ld h tipp$ ! scales at upw>ds ( "o hundr$ p\nds4 ,! w\ld-be travel] decl>$ ) pride t he did n int5d to h cold camps4 ,x c]ta9ly gave me cold feet to contemplate 8 outfit4 ,x 0 ! mo/ ridicul\s & impracticable conglom]ate aggregation ( camp+ mat]ial t ,i h ev] se5 put toge!r1 & ,i d\bt if ! w\ld-be travel] ev] f\nd a suffici5t numb] ( dogs at any "o po9t to transport x4 ,:ile x is ! aim ( e exp]i5c$ camp] to obta9 ! greate/ degree ( com=t ( :i* circum/ances w admit1 ! voyag] ) dogs _c hope to c>ry ) him ! luxuries ( a metropolitan hotel1 & "o soon le>ns h[ little aft] all is really necess>y to make "o com=table4 ,h[ mu* weight a team ( eight good dogs c haul dep5ds ^u ! "* ( ! c\ntry & ! condition ( ! sn[ or ice4 ,"u v favorable conditions ,i h se5 su* a team make good progress ) twelve hundr$ p\nds4 ,ord9>ily1 h[ev]1 eight hundr$ p\nds is a full load1 & if mu* r\gh ice1 hilly c\ntry or s(t sn[ is enc\nt]$ six hundr$ p\nds w be f\nd all too heavy4 ,i h he>d ( cases1 :5 travel+ 0 exceptionally good1 ( dogs cov]+ upw>ds ( "o hundr$ miles a day4 ,! bigge/ day's travel ,i ev] made ) dogs 0 sixty miles1 b (t5 ,i h toil$ day aft] day1 pull+ & haul+ ) ! animals at ! traces1 lift+ ! komatik ov] r\gh places1 or pack+ a trail = ! team ) my sn[%oes1 to f9d myself rew>d$ ) less ?an t5 miles :5 camp+ "t arriv$4 ,9 select+ outfit ! region to be visit$ w be a factor to take into consid]ation4 ,x w\ld be q impossible to discuss adequately 9 a s+le *apt] all ! phases ( dog travel to be provid$ =4 ,we %all !re=e leave out ( consid]ation pol> outfitt+1 or outfitt+ = o!r unusual "w1 :i* ! read] ( ?is w sc>cely be likely to und]take4 ,! clo?+ sugge/$ 9 ! *apt] on sn[%oe & toboggan travel is equally well suit$ to travel ) dogs & komatik4 ,%\ld ! voyag]'s ambition1 h[ev]1 draw him )9 ! sub-arctic regions or across ! ,arctic ,circle "s additional protection w be ne$$4 ,9 ! f> ,arctic ! natives we> tr\s]s ( ei!r pol> be> sk9 or c>ib\ sk91 ) an upp] g>m5t ( c>ib\ sk9 call$1 9 ,gre5l&1 ! kulut>2 9 ,labrador1 ! kulutuk4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! adickey & ! kulutuk is t ! "o is made ( clo?1 ! o!r ( c>ib\ sk94 ,9 ,ungava ,i suppli$ myself ) c>ib\ sk9 tr\s]s1 :i*1 z is ! cu/om !re1 ,i drew on ov] my molesk9 tr\s]s 9 w9dy or int5sely cold wea!r4 ,! kulutuk takes ! place ( ! molesk9 adickey4 ,t is to say1 ! k]sey adickey worn "u ! kulutuk w be f\nd ample protection 9 any wea!r1 & (t5 ! kulutuk ( itself w be f\nd suffici5t4 ,kulutuk & sk9 tr\s]s are worn hair side out4 ,7 !y worn ) ! hairy side 91 !y w\ld accumulate moi/ure exud$ by ! body1 & ! moi/ure w\ld freeze1 pres5tly trans=m+ ! hair into a mass ( ice4 ,a fri5d ( m9e go+ to ! ,arctic = ! fir/ "t z a memb] ( "o ( ,pe>y's e>ly ,gre5l& exp$itions1 turn$ 8 kulutuk inside out & donn$ x ) ! hairy side next ! body4 ,! ,eskimos laugh$1 & res5t+ _! levity he assur$ !m x 0 mu* w>m] worn 9 t mann] ?an z !y wore x4 ,no1 said "o ( !m1 if x 7 w>m] worn t way ! animals w\ld we> _! fur inside4 ,my fri5d quickly le>n$ by exp]i5ce ! logic ( ! ,eskimo's argum5t4 ,de]sk9 kulutuk & tr\s]s are n easily pur*as$1 ?\gh along any coa/ :]e seals are captur$ simil> g>m5ts ( sealsk9 may be procur$1 :i*1 ?\gh n equal to de]sk9 g>m5ts1 answ] v well4 ,! sk9 ( ! "y h>bor seal 7! rang] seal7 is be/ = ! purpose1 z sk9s ( o!r species are too ?ick & heavy4 ,:5 made ( sealsk9 ! upp] g>m5t is call$ a netsek4 ,i discov]$ :5 travel+ among !m t "s ( ! ,moravian mission>ies ( ! ,labrador coa/ wore a bucksk9 suit "u _! ord9>y tr\s]s & out] %irt4 ,su* a suit is mu* light] ?an de]sk9 tr\s]s & kulutuk1 & s]ves ne>ly z well4 ,x is n difficult to pur*ase bucksk9 f :i* "o may h su* a suit made4 ,x is w9d-pro( & v light4 ,all sk9 g>m5ts1 includ+ moccas9s1 %\ld be sewn ) animal s9ew4 ,ord9>y ?read w quickly break out & w n d4 ,?read-sewn moccas9s are factory-made1 & w give v little s]vice4 ,! types ( sn[%oes sugge/$ 9 ! *apt] on sn[%oe & toboggan travel are ! types also be/ suit$ to dog & komatik "w4 ,long sn[%oes w\ld be v mu* 9 ! way :5 "o has to g to ! traces & haul ) ! dogs or lift & assi/ ! komatik ov] r\gh places2 & ?is becomes ! rule r ?an ! exception z "o goes ,nor?4 ,let me insi/ t ! web %\ld be ( good c>ib\ babi*e1 & n ! ord9>y ra:ide us$ 9 _m ( ! sn[%oes (f]$ = sale4 ,! =m] w n /ret* :5 wet1 :ile ! latt] w /ret* & bag s badly z to r5d] ! sn[%oe practically useless4 ,x is well to wrap ! frame on ei!r side :]e ! babi*e is drawn ar\nd x1 ) bucksk9 or sealsk94 ,o!rwise ev5 a slight cru/ ^u ! sn[ w 9 "t cut ! babi*e /r&s4 ,wrapp+ ! sn[%oe 9 ?is mann] w at lea/ d\ble its life4 ,:at 0 said 9 ref]5ce to t5t1 small %eet-iron /ove & g5]al camp & cook+ outfit 9 ! previ\s *apt] w apply "h1 z well z directions h]et(ore giv5 = pack+ 9 wat]pro( bags4 ,9 select+ ! sleep+ bag1 give fir/ pref]5ce to "o ( de]sk94 ,9 a b>r5 region :]e firewood is n to be _h1 x w be necess>y to c>ry an alcohol or k]os5e burn] & /ock ( fuel4 ,! =m] is pref]able on acc\nt ( ! l[ freez+ po9t ( alcohol4 ,alcohol or oil %\ld be secur$ 9 t9 cases4 ,x is regul>ly put up 9 ?is way by deal]s4 ,9 su* a region1 too1 x may be necess>y to c>ry sn[ knives ) :i* to cut blocks ( sn[ = ! erection ( sn[ igloos z %elt]4 ,^! knives resemble some:at ! ma*ete4 ,"o _c1 h[ev]1 le>n to build a sn[ igloo prop]ly )\t long practice4 ,?is phase ( ! "w is m]ely ref]r$ to z int]e/+2 = anyone travel+ 9 a c\ntry :]e sn[ h\se %elt] is necess>y w secure ! assi/ance ( a native1 :o w att5d to prop] sl$ge outfitt+ at ! po9t ( dep>ture4 ,on regul> l9es ( dog travel opportunities to r5ew ! provision supply w frequ5tly occur1 & cab9s = night %elt] w be f\nd4 ,!re=e ! food outfit w dep5d ^u ! c\ntry to be trav]s$4 ,:]e long /ret*es occur betwe5 supply po9ts1 h[ev]1 fat pork1 pilot bread1 tea & sug> %\ld =m ! basis4 ,! v be/ possible food1 h[ev]1 = ?is "w is pemmican1 pilot bread1 tea & sug>4 ,( c\rse a little c(fee may be c>ri$1 b x is bulky4 ,! travel] w make 8 selection c>efully1 build+ ar\nd pork1 pilot bread & pemmican ) o!r articles ( food l desiccat$ vegetables f :i* wat] has be5 elim9at$4 ,too mu* salt meat op5s ! door to scurvy1 unless suffici5t v>iation 9 ! way ( vegetables1 fi%1 or fre% meat is introduc$4 ,dessicat$ cranb]ries are an excell5t prev5tive4 ,a man c d good h>d "w day 9 & day out1 z already /at$1 ^u "o p\nd ( pemmican & a qu>t] p\nd ( pilot bread z a daily ration1 & su* a ration (f]s no dang] ( scurvy4 ,dog pemmican is ! be/ dog food1 & ! lighte/1 = dogs w d pretty well ^u "o p\nd ( pemmican ea* a day4 ,to d well ! animals %\ld be giv5 pl5ty ( fat1 :5 pemmican is n available1 ?\gh n a cle> fat diet1 = t w make !m sick4 ,?ree-qu>t]s ( a p\nd ( fat & ?ree-qu>t]s ( a p\nd ( meat or fi% is an ord9>y ration4 ,dogs are f$ b once a day--at night4 ,! numb] ( dogs 9 a team v>ies1 b ! av]age team is compos$ ( sev5 or eight4 ,eight or n9e is ! mo/ economical numb] s f> z results are conc]n$4 ,9 ! ,nor?we/ dogs are h>ness$ t&em4 ,?is is ! :ite man's me?od4 ,9 ! ,nor!a/ !y are h>ness$ fan fa%ion--! ,eskimo me?od4 ,t is to say1 ea* dog has an individual trace secur$ to ! end ( a s+le ?ong1 lead+ out f ! b[ ( ! komatik & call$ ! bridle4 ,! individual traces are ( v>i\s l5g?s4 ,! dog ) ! longe/ trace is ! lead] ( ! pack1 & p>ticul>ly tra9$ to respond to ! driv]'s directions4 ,! o!r dogs w foll[ 8 lead4 ,= op5 c\ntry & sea ice travel ! ,eskimo me?od is probably be/1 z ! "w is m ev5ly di/ribut$ & ! driv] c always tell :e!r ea* dog is do+ 8 %>e ( ! "w1 b = n>r[ trails & woods travel ! t&em me?od is m practicable4 ,dogs are good1 bad & indiff]5t4 ,"o seldom has an opportunity to pick "o's dogs discrim9ately1 & r>ely may "o pur*ase !m outright unless contract$ = a ye> 9 advance1 = ! native dog own] seldom ma9ta9s animals 9 excess ( 8 requirem5ts 9 ! ord9>y r\t9e ( 8 life4 ,! travel] w usually be able1 h[ev]1 to hire a team by employ+ ! own] to drive x1 & ! own] ( a team w get mu* m "w out ( 8 dogs ?an a /rang] to ! dogs c hope to d4 ,at lea/ a ye>'s exp]i5ce is necess>y to enable a :ite man to h&le a dog team ) any?+ approa*+ effici5cy1 & ev5 !n "o _c hope to approa* ! p]=mance ( an ,eskimo4 ,! failure to enli/ ,eskimos z dog driv]s has be5 ! real cause ( ! failure ( _m an ,arctic exp$ition4 ,x is advis$1 !n1 t ! travel] employ at s mu* p] day or = ! trip driv] & dogs4 ,x is an unsafe exp]im5t to />t (f ) a dog team unatt5d$ by an exp]i5c$ man4 ,! own] ( ! team w supply also ! necess>y dog h>ness1 8 own dog :ip & g5]al dog travel+ p>aph]nalia1 includ+ ! komatik4 ,sl$ges or komatiks v>y 9 diff]5t localities z to wid?1 l5g? & m9or me?ods ( con/ruction4 ,! av]age komatik is two feet wide & t5 feet long b z /at$1 !y v>y 9 diff]5t localities1 a uni=m wid? be+ ma9ta9$ to suit ! local conditions ( ! region 9 :i* !y are us$4 ,= example1 wide & comp>atively %ort komatiks are employ$ 9 ,quebec1 :ile ! ,ungava komatik is b sixte5 in*es wide4 ,^! latt] komatiks are usually fifte5 or sixte5 feet 9 l5g?1 h[ev]4 ,! runn]s /& t5 in*es high4 ,?is is1 9 fact1 ! heavie/ & mo/ effici5t komatik ,i h ev] se54 ,ea* runn] is made f a s+le piece ( timb] & is f two & "o-half to ?ree in*es ?ick4 ,x is design$ = ! r\ghe/ possible use1 & is1 ,i believe1 bett] adapt$ to ?is purpose ?an ! ,gre5l& komatik because m sub/antially built4 ,! latt] is peculi> 9 t x has up/&s at ! re> = guid+ x4 ,crossb>s1 ext5d+ an in* or s on ei!r side ( ! runn]s & f "o to two in*es ap>t1 are la%$ into place ) ra:ide4 ,:5 ! ra:ide %r9ks ! komatik becomes firm4 ,iron fa/5+s be+ rigid w\ld break too readily1 p>ticul>ly 9 int5se cold1 to be reliable4 ,! travel] w d well1 !re=e1 to pur*ase if he does n hire 8 komatik at ! po9t ( dep>ture1 z 9 s do+ he w secure "o ( correct design = ! region to be trav]s$4 ,x is well to h a box made ! wid? ( ! komatik two or ?ree feet long1 & ab\t f\rte5 in*es deep to la% ^u ! re> end ( ! komatik 9 :i* cook+ ut5sils & a portion ( ! food supply1 z well z odds & ends1 may be c>ri$4 ,?is %\ld be suppli$ ) a h+$ cov]1 & hook or clasp by :i* ! cov] may be securely fa/5$ d[n4 ,! be/ la% = secur+ ! load 9 position is "o ( sealsk91 ?\gh ord9>y hemp rope w d4 ,be=e la%+1 ! t>paul9 %\ld be neatly fold$ ov] ! top ( load to protect x4 ,"o end ( ! la% is secur$ to an end ( ! crossb> at ! =w>d end ( ! load1 br\ght across ! load & "u ! o!r end1 !n across1 skipp+ a c\ple ( crossb>s1 & back aga9 skipp+ a c\ple ( crossb>s1 ?us ?read+ x f side to side "u ! ends ( e second or ?ird crossb> to ! re> b>1 :]e x is br\ght across ! load to ! opposite end ( ?is crossb> & crisscross$ across ! load aga9 to ! =w>d crossb> to be ti$4 ,,! ,,end ,transcrib]'s note3 ,inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$4 ,punctuation has be5 normaliz$4 ,! foll[+ errors h be5 correct$3 99 p4 #df two or ?ree hundr$s fix$ to 444 hundr$ 99 p4 #ea ,*apt] ,,vii3 fix$ numb]+ ( topics 99 p4 #gb c>elessless - c>elessness 99 p4 #he *ange ,a#a to ,a to mat* ! illu/ration 99 p4 #hg graps - grasps 99 p4 #hh betwee n!m - betwe5 !m 99 p4 #ij fix$ p]iod in/ead ( comma 99 p4 #ij graps - grasps 99 p4 #aai remov$ r$undant (