,,! ,,mosaic ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,creation ,,( ,,! ,,_w2 ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,discov]ies ,,& ,,exp]im5ts ,,d]iv$ ,,f ,,! ,,pres5t ,,enlight5$ ,,/ate ,,( ,,sci5ce2 ,,) ,,reflections1 ,,int5d$ ,,to ,,promote ,,vital ,,& ,,practical ,,religion4 ,,by ,,?omas ,,wood1 ,a4 ,m4 ,,revis$ ,,& ,,improv$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,j4 ,p4 ,,durb91 ,a4 ,m4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,languages1 ,,augu/a ,,college1 ,,k5tucky4 8,e man has a p>ticul> tra9 ( ?\ght into :i* 8 m9d falls1 :5 at leisure1 f ! impressions & ideas :i* occasionally excite x2 & if "o tra9 ( ?9k+ be m desirable ?an ano!r1 x is surely t :i* reg>ds ! ph5om5a ( nature ) a con/ant ref]5ce to a supreme intellig5t au?or40--,bacon4 ,,fir/ ,,am]ican1 ,,f ,,! ,,second ,,london ,,edition4 ,,new-,,york4--,m,c,,elra? ,,bangs4 #ahca4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ! ,act ( ,congress1 ,july #bg1 9 ! ye> #ahca1 by ,mc,elra? ,bangs1 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,cl]k ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new-,york4 ,,john ,t4 ,,we/ ,,co41 ,,pr9t]s4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,london ,,edition4 ,z ,god made man ) a capacity susceptible ( k1 s has he furni%$ him ) ! means ( acquir+ x4 ,! ,div9e ,be+ is incompreh5sible to all b himself3 = a f9ite capacity c nev] fully grasp an inf9ite object4 ,nei!r c he be p]ceiv$ at all1 only s f> z he is pleas$ to reveal himself4 ,he has giv5 u a revelation ( 8 nature1 p]fections1 & w2 :i* c\ld nev] h be5 discov]$ by reason+ & conjecture4 ,he has also favor$ u ) a revelation ( 8 works1 )\t :i* ! orig91 con/itution1 & nature ( ! univ]se1 c\ld nev] h be5 adequately kn[n4 ,! orig91 duty1 & int]e/ ( man1 are matt]s 9 :i* we are greatly conc]n$4 ,h[ valuable !n are ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures6 ,! hea!n _w by wisdom knew n ,god4 ,on !ological subjects1 ! greate/ ,philosoph]s & ,poets ( :om antiquity c\ld boa/1 7 pu]ile 9 _! op9ions1 & absurd & contradictory 9 _! lit]>y productions4 ,_! progress 9 _m ( ! sci5ces1 & ! polite arts1 0 consid]able2 b 9 religion !y made none3 n because !y neglect$ to inve/igate ! nature ( x1 z "o obs]ves2 = !re 0 n a subject !y ?\ght on1 nor disc\rs$ ab\t1 m ?an ! nature & exi/5ce ( ! gods2 nei!r 0 x = want ( natural abilities1 nor ( le>n+2 = p]sons :o =m$ ! brighte/ con/ellation ( g5iuses t ev] illum9at$ ! republic ( lett]s1 7 devot$ to ! inve/igation ( ! pr9ciples & causes ( ?+s4 ,moses1 ! sacr$ hi/orian1 _h access to ! ,f\nta9 ( k1 & has reveal$ ! my/]y t lay hid = ages1 because he 0 taught x by ! inspiration ( ! ,almighty4 ,by ! ,hebrew ,lawgiv] we are in/ruct$ conc]n+ ! ,creation ( ! ,_w2 an illu/ration ( ^: acc\nt is attempt$ 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,! att5tion ( ! read] is call$ to t era :5 ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( matt] 7 fir/ produc$1 & ! =mation ( creatures took place2 :5 vitality 0 giv5 to a va/ v>iety ( animals1 & m9d 0 infus$ into ,man z ! peculi> (fspr+ ( ,god3 :5 motion 0 impress$ on ! univ]se1 & ! v>i\s ,planets began _! orbicul> revolutions3 :5 ,"t comm5c$1 & 8,hi/ory1 n want$ yet1 ,lean'd on h] elb[ wat*+ ,"t1 ^: c\rse ,ev5tful %\ld supply h] ) a !me40 ,:at a /up5d\s fabric is ,creation6 a m>vell\s display ( omnipot5ce6 ,x is inf9itely div]sifi$1 & magnific5tly gr&4 ,t5 ?\s& objects /rike ! att5tive eye1 & af=d inexpressible delight to a contemplative m9d4 ,! blue e!real ar* is highly illum9at$1 & ri*ly adorn$ ) sp>kl+ globes ( light--^: numb]1 di/ances1 magnitudes1 motions1 & influ5ces1 elude ! mo/ dilig5t rese>*3 ^! millions ( suns1 ! glory ( o!r worlds1 are equally ! works ( ! ,creator1 &1 ) rays ( dazzl+ spl5dor1 irradiate ! peculi> sy/ems to :i* !y belong3 &1 :ile !y celebrate 8 wisdom & p[]1 =m a brilliant canopy ov] our heads4 ,t gold5 globe ( light1 :i* is ! c5t] ( our planet>y sy/em1 %9es =? 9 8 glory1 & spreads abroad ! lucid day3 he does n only emit 8 *e]+ rays to surr\nd+ orbs1 "s ( :i* revolve at imm5se di/ances1 b1 9 runn+ 8 prescrib$ c\rse1 measures out our "t1 r5d]s our h\rs joyful1 & )\t ^: reviv+ beams we %\ld dwell 9 p]petual d>kness4 ,! pale silv] ,moon gilds ! %ad[s ( ! ev5+1 & directs ! feet ( ! b5ight$ & lonely travell] 9 safety to 8 abode4 ,9 ! l[] walks ( ,nature1 we p]ceive num]\s assemblages ( creatures1 :i*1 call+ =? ! ex]cise ( our und]/&+1 raise our admiration4 ,! vapors arise1 unite 9 ! a]ial regions1 & desc5d 9 ra91 sn[1 or hail1 accord+ to ! diff]5t temp]ature ( ! climates2 & ?us ! valleys are wat]$1 ! gre5 c>pet is spread "u our feet1 delightfully adorn$ ) fruitful trees & v>iegat$ fl[]s4 ,! va/ collections ( wat]1 call$ seas1 are /or$ ) innum]able f9ny inhabitants1 bo? small & great1 :i* are amply suppli$ ) necess>y food4 ,on e>?1 !re are ! wild bea/s ( ! =e/1 ! roam+ cattle ( ! des]t1 ! dome/ic animals ( ! field1 ! fea!r$ tribes ) _! glossy plumage & delightful notes1 beside an incr$ible numb] ( liv+ creatures t escape ! utmo/ vigilance ( ! unassi/$ eye3 :i* are all effects ( inf9ite skill1 omnipot5t en]gy1 ,div9e munific5ce1 & conspire to utt] 8 praise4 ,! sultry regions are fann$ ) cool+ breezes1 :i* revive ! num]\s classes ( creatures1 & )\t :i* !y w\ld o!rwise fa9t4 ,b ( all ! visible effects ( omnific p[] & uncreat$ goodness1 ,man has a claim to ! fir/ rank1 = 9 8 composition are my/]i\sly jo9$ bo? matt] & _s4 ,h[ wond]fully has ,god display$ 8 wisdom1 p[]1 & goodness1 9 ! creation ( ! ,univ]se6 ,:at are ! mo/ labor$ & div]sifi$ works ( ,art1 :5 comp>$ ) ! maje/ic gr&eur & sublimity ( ^? ( ,nature6 ,! ?+s on :i* ! f]tile imag9ation ( man has long be5 employ$1 :5 consid]$ 9 a deta*$ po9t ( view1 gratify our curiosity1 raise our admiration1 & ga9 our applause2 b :5 comp>$ ) ! productions ( ! ,div9e ,h&1 !y s9k & are depriv$ ( _! lu/re1 l ! sp>kl+ gl[-worm 9 ! copse1 :5 ! ,sun %9es =? ) ! refulg5ce ( 8 m]idian spl5dor4 ,religi\s in/ruction is "h mix$ ) philosophical discov]ies4 ,! works ( ,nature conduct an enlight5$ m9d to ! great ,creator4 ,! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,watts1 ) ?is po9t 9 view1 says1 8,"p ( ?y "n div9ely /&s1 ,on all ?y creatures writ1 ,!y %[ ! labor ( ?y h&s1 ,or impress ( ?y feet40 ,mr4 ,adams1 9 8 ,lectures1 says1 8,! two k+doms ( nature & grace1 z two p>allel l9es1 correspond to ea* o!r1 foll[ a l c\rse1 b c nev] be made to t\*4 ,an adequate und]/&+ ( ?is di/9ction 9 all its bran*es1 w\ld be ! consummation ( k40 ,/eph5s1 9 8 ,human ,nature ,del9eat$1 says1 8,! man :o w\ld seek aft] k 9 ?is _w1 & happ9ess 9 ! _w ( spirits1 ,i w\ld advise to pursue 8 /udies )\t any o!r guides ?an ! ,^w & ! ,works ( ,god40 ,& ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 on ,john iv1 #c1 affirms1 t1 8prop]ly und]/ood1 e>?ly sub/ances are ! types1 repres5tatives1 & %ad[s ( heav5ly ?+s40 ,/4 ,paul appe>s to inculcate ?is idea :]e he says1 8,n[ we see z ?r\gh a glass1 d>kly3 b !n face to face40 ,! ^w 1 r5d]$ d>kly1 is peculi>ly important1 & ! "r k ( :i* w assi/ u to und]/& 8 mean+4 ,p>khur/ gives ! foll[+ def9ition ( ! t]m & ! ?+4 8 f 1 ! p]fect passive1 ( 1 to h9t1 intimate1 signify ) "s degree ( obscurity2 an enigma1 9 :i* "o ?+ answ]s or /&s 9 correspond5ce to1 or z ! repres5tative ( ano!r2 :i* is1 9 "s respects1 simil> to x1 occurs #a ,cor4 xiii1 #ab4 ,n[1 9 ?is life1 we see by means ( a mirror reflect+ ! images ( heav5ly & spiritual ?+s1 1 9 an enigmatical mann]1 invisible ?+s be+ repres5t$ by visible2 spiritual1 by natural2 et]nal1 by temporal2 b !n1 9 ! et]nal _w1 face to face2 e ?+ be+ se5 9 itself1 & n by means ( a repres5tative or similitude40 ,! idea ?us sugge/$1 induc$ ! au?or to engage 9 ! foll[+ "w3 he ?\ght t if ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! ,creation 7 giv5 9 detail1 ea* day ap>t1 us+ ! aid af=d$ by ! pres5t enlight5$ /ate ( sci5ce1 & direct+ ! read] to look 8,?r\gh ,nature1 up to ,nature's ,god40 ! "w w\ld be in/ructive1 & might t5d to cultivate ! m9d & am5d ! he>t4 ,& he is happy t he has x 9 8 p[] to say1 t ! plan has obta9$ n only ! g5]al approbation ( or?odox & pi\s ,*ri/ians1 b ! w>m encomiums ( _m ,m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 bo? ( ! ,e/abli%m5t & among ! ,diss5t]s4 ,he has receiv$ v flatt]+ ,epi/ol>y ,communications f p]sons ( piety1 lit]ature1 & sci5ce4 ,! au?or has avail$ himself ( v>i\s s\rces ( in=mation3 "s ( ! be/ works publi%$ on diff]5t illu/rative subjects h be5 consult$3 & ^? on ,natural ,hi/ory & ,*emical ,sci5ce 7 f\nd ( consid]able s]vice4 ,t "p :i* treats on ! ,anatomical /ructure ( ,man1 ! read] w p]ceive is writt5 by a g5tleman deeply v]s$ 9 ,physiological sci5ce4 ,x is f ! p5 ( ! late ,b5jam9 ,gibson1 ,esq4 :o fill$ ! important situations ( ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society ( ,man*e/]1 & ,surgeon to ! ,infirm>y ( t t[n3 & :o1 unexpect$ly1 & 9 ! mo/ oblig+ mann]1 (f]$ to prep>e a ,manuscript = ?is "w1 :i* gives x a peculi> excell5ce x o!rwise w\ld n h _h4 ,! favorable reception :i* ! =m] l>ge edition has met ) f ! public1 & ! consequ5t dem& !re 0 ^u ! au?or to prep>e a new "o1 produc$ a consid]able excitem5t 9 8 m9d2 &1 "u ^! circum/ances1 x 0 n less 8 wi%1 ?an x has be5 8 endeavor1 to make ! second edition m wor?y to meet ! public eye1 z well z m ext5sively useful4 ,! :ole ( ! "w1 ) ! exception ( t "p by ,mr4 ,gibson1 !re=e1 has be5 writt5 anew1 & su* important additions & arrangem5ts made1 z w1 he tru/s1 meet ! approbation ( 8 read]s4 ,he has receiv$ assi/ance f a writ] ( em95ce1 ^: "n1 7 he at lib]ty to m5tion x1 w\ld d honor to 8 "w1 & ^: corrections h increas$ its value4 ,! ,religi\s ,improvem5ts he believes to be natural & scriptural1 & hopes !y may be read ) advantage by all ,*ri/ians :o h receiv$ ! tru? z x is 9 ,*ri/4 ,he c say1 t he has endeavor$ to make ! :ole "w bo? in/ructive & useful1 s f> z 8 leisure f ardu\s m9i/]ial duties w\ld all[ him3 by direct+ ! att5tion ( ! read] to ,god1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 visible works1 & by t means to inculcate true religion & g5u9e piety4 ,may ! ,div9e bless+ r5d] ?is additional ef=t successful6 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,am]ican ,,edition4 ,?is "w1 :i* is n[ pres5t$ to ! public1 has n be5 repr9t$ 9 ,am]ica h]et(ore1 not)/&+ x pass$ ?r\gh two editions 9 ,engl&1 ) honorable approbation1 9 a %ort space ( "t4 ,?is fir/ ,am]ican edition1 x is confid5tly believ$1 w be receiv$ ) approbation2 because ! "w w be f\nd1 on p]usal1 to answ] to its title2 & surely no subject c int]e/ ! ,*ri/ian & intellig5t read] m deeply1 ?an ! illu/ration ( ! creation ( ! _w1 z record$ by ,moses1 ! s]vant ( ,god4 ,?is volume inspires a deep] int]e/ :5 ! read] is promis$ t ! illu/ration ( ?is spl5did subject %all be by means ( ! discov]ies drawn f ! pres5t enlight5$ /ate ( sci5ce4 ,?us ! read] w see cle>ly confirm$ ?is glori\s tru?3 ,religion & ,lit]ature are mutual helpmates to ! k1 love1 & glory ( ,god4 ,?is important tru? has be5 /rangely obscur$ = sev]al ages2 b is n[ em]g+ to light ) increas$ spl5dor4 ,nor is x important to inquire1 at ?is /age ( m5tal improvem5t ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w1 ! cause ( its obscuration1 b r to rejoice1 t x is n[ assum+ its place z a fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 s\nd philosophy4 ,x is ! duty ( e b5evol5t individual to contribute accord+ to 8 ability1 to an insep>able union ( s\nd lit]ature & vital religion4 ,! "o w secure ! int]e/s & success ( ! o!r1 & bo? comb9$1 ! glory ( ,god4 ,our au?or1 9 ?is respect1 has be5 v happily successful4 ,he has1 g5]ally1 illu/rat$ ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,mosaic ,creation1 ) p]spicuity & precision1 & !n appli$ ! :ole to ! production & support ( vital piety 9 ! he>t ( ! read]4 ,s t :ile ! a/oni%+ magnific5ce1 glory1 & wisdom ( creation1 fills ! contemplative m9d ) admiration1 ! he>t also is fir$ ) an ard5t & rational devotion4 ,! "* ( ?is volume is1 !re=e1 nei!r purely sci5tific1 nor purely devotional2 b bo? wisely & happily comb9$1 "u ! high & direct sanction ( revelation4 ,x w be app>5t to e p]son1 by a m]e glance at ! size ( ! volume1 t x is n int5d$ to conta9 all ! m9uti connect$ ) ! ,mosaic ,creation1 b ! pr9cipal1 & mo/ important facts1 s z to make ! "w suitable to ! great mass ( intellig5t & ?\ghtful read]s4 ,?is object x w be f\nd to h well accompli%$4 ,! improvem5ts1 :i* are m5tion$ 9 ! title-page1 h be5 add$ to ! ,am]ican edition1 ) design to adapt ! "w m ne>ly to ! wants ( ! ,am]ican public4 ,!y are f\nd incorporat$ 9 ! body ( ! volume1 9 small] type1 & enclos$ 9 brackets2 :i* 0 judg$ to be ! be/ me?od4 ,^! additional pap]s are writt5 at "s l5g?1 pr9cipally on topics :i* h become m prom95t s9ce our au?or f9i%$ 8 "w1 & :i* are n[ excit+ int5se int]e/ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 consid]$ to be real & int]e/+ improvem5ts to ! ,am]ican edition4 ,f9ally1 ! au?or ( ^! additional pap]s1 w\ld respectfully comm5d ?is ,am]ican edition ( ! ,mosaic ,creation1 illu/rat$ by means ( ! pres5t enlight5$ /ate ( sci5ce1 to ! fri5ds ( ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,religion ,,comb9$ = ! in/ruction & salvation ( mank9d1 & = ! glory ( ,god4 ,j4 ,p4 ,,durb94 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,on ,,! ,,creator ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,di/+ui%$ by 8 "n ,jehovah -- ,8 ess5ce & self-exi/5ce express$ by ! words ,i ,,am --,8 attribute ( goodness ! glory ( all 8 o!r p]fections -- ,elohim signify+ a ,tr9ity ( ,p]sons 9 a ,unity ( ,ess5ce -- ,! ,creation ascrib$ to "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s -- ,! fir/ production ( matt] -- ,! creatures made = ! manife/+ ( ,god's attributes1 t he might imp>t happ9ess to !m4 p4 #ac-dj4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,fir/ ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,*aos4 ,inquiry into ! orig9 ( ?+s natural to man -- ,"* ( ,moses z a sacr$ hi/orian important -- ,explanation ( ! t]m ,creat$ -- ,*aotic /ate ( ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( matt] -- ,influ5ce ( ! ,_s ( ,god ^u ! *aotic mass -- ,op9ions ( ! anci5ts -- ,similitude betwe5 ! fir/ & second creation -- ,ag5cy ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! "w ( reg5]ation ass]t$ & prov$4 p4 #da-ea4 ,section ,,ii4--,,fire4 ,omnific ^w -- ,mov+ pr9ciples 9 ,nature -- ,criticism on ! orig9al ^w aur -- ,creation ( ,fire -- ,its nature -- ,friction excit+ ! action ( fire -- ,fire attract$ by bodies -- ,fire conduct$ -- ,fire 9 a /ate ( comb9ation -- ,fire ela/ic -- ,expansive =ce ( fire -- ,subt]rane\s fires -- ,e>?quakes & volcanic ,eruptions -- ,air a /oreh\se ( fire -- ,g5]al & f9al dissolution ( nature by fire -- ,fire a symbol ( ! ,deity1 9 8 graci\s pres5ce1 vital influ5ce1 trans=m+ en]gy1 & de/ructive op]ation4 p4 #ea-gd4 ,section ,,iii4--,,light4 ,motion ( lum9\s & fi]y p>ticles ! fir/ cause ( light -- ,light ! mo/ simple body -- ,velocity ( light -- ,light diffusive -- ,light ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* objects become visible -- ,light beautiful1 or its rays ( diff]5t colors -- ,light a visible resemblance ( its ,div9e ,au?or1 9 8 spirituality1 simplicity1 purity1 en]gy1 goodness1 manife/ation1 glory4 p4 #ge-hi4 ,section ,,iv4--,,day ,,& ,,night4 ,orig9al t]ms ( ,day & ,night -- ,motion ! effect ( a ,div9e p[] -- ,comm5cem5t ( ,"t -- ,utility ( ,day & ,night -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t ( ,"t -- ,s9 moral ,d>kness -- ,! ,gospel a ,light to dispel x -- ,a ,*ri/ian ! subject ( a transition f ! "o /ate to ! o!r4 p4 #hi-ie4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,second ,,day4 ,,on ,,! ,,atmosph]e4 ,composition ( ,atmosph]ic ,air -- ,atmosph]e divid$ into ?ree regions -- ,air a fluid -- ,its compressibility & ela/icity -- ,weight & pressure -- ,equilibrium -- ,transp>5cy -- ,w9d -- ,causes ( ,w9d -- ,v>iety ( ,w9ds -- ,velocity ( ,w9ds -- ,de/ructive ,w9ds -- ,w9d "u ! control ( ,god -- ,w9d a similitude ( ! ,holy ,_s's op]ations4 p4 #ie-aad4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,?ird ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,! ,,sea4 ,wat] & ,l& sep>at$ -- ,=mation ( ! ,sea -- ,its re/rictions -- ,ext5t -- ,dep? -- ,composition -- ,salt9ess -- ,motion -- ,tides -- ,f\r /ates ( wat] -- ,circulation -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 p4 #aad-ace4 ,section ,,ii4--,,! ,,e>?4 ,surface ( ! ,e>? -- ,m\nta9s -- ,f]tility ( ,plants -- ,dissem9ation ( se$s -- ,pres]vation ( ,plants -- ,adaptation to diff]5t ,climates -- ,numb] ( ,vegetables -- ,succession ( ,vegetables -- ,rem>kable ,trees -- ,s5sitive ,plants -- ,kit*5 ,vegetables -- ,g>d5 ,fl[]s -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 p4 #acf-afe4 ,section ,,iii4--,,m9]als4 ,gold -- ,silv] -- ,plat9a -- ,m]cury -- ,copp] -- ,iron -- ,t9 -- ,lead --,nickel -- ,z9c -- ,palladium -- ,bismu? -- ,antimony -- ,tellurium --,ars5ic -- ,cobalt -- ,manganese -- ,tung/5 -- ,molybd5um --,uranium -- ,titanium -- ,*romium -- ,columbium or ,tantalium -- ,c]ium -- ,oxmium -- ,rodium -- ,iridium -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 p4 #afe-ahc4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,f\r? ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,! ,,sun4 ,signs -- ,names -- ,nature -- ,motions -- ,=m -- ,magnitude -- ,di/ance -- ,susp5sion -- ,idolatr\s wor%ip ( ! ,sun -- ,! ,sun an emblem ( ,*ri/4 p4 #ahc-aih4 ,section ,,ii4--,,! ,,moon4 ,names -- ,dim5sions -- ,motions -- ,seasons -- ,phases -- ,h>ve/ ,moon -- ,moon's ,surface -- ,a]ial ,/ones -- ,eclipses -- ,moonlight -- ,epi!ts -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 p4 #aih-bad4 ,section ,,iii4--,,! ,,seasons4 ,seasons3 ,spr+1 ,summ]1 ,autumn1 ,w9t] -- ,display+ ,div9e ,p[]1 ,wisdom1 ,goodness1 ,fai?fulness -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 p4 #bad-bbc4 ,section ,,iv4--,,! ,,planets ,,& ,,fix$ ,,/>s4 ,m]cury -- ,v5us -- ,! ,e>? -- ,m>s -- ,c]es -- ,pallas -- ,juno --,ve/a -- ,jupit] -- ,saturn -- ,georgium ,sidus -- ,comets -- ,fix$ ,/>s -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 p4 #bbc-bgh4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,fif? ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,fi%es4 ,( ,fi%es 9 g5]al -- ,! ,cetace\s k9d -- ,c>tilag9\s -- ,sp9\s -- ,cru/ace\s -- & ,te/ace\s -- ,animalcules -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 p4 #bgi-bif4 ,section ,,ii4--,,on ,,f[ls4 ,numb] ( ,species -- ,sup]iority & peculi> con/ruction -- ,skill 9 build+ _! ,ne/s -- ,p[] & ,season ( ,propagation -- ,dext]ity 9 provid+ ,food -- ,in/9ct -- ,migrations -- ,insects -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 p4 #bif-cag4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,six? ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,on ,,quadrup$s ,,& ,,reptiles4 ,quadrup$s 9 g5]al -- ,motion -- ,habits -- ,rum9ation -- ,proportion -- ,ta/es -- ,clo?+ -- ,weapons -- ,proportionate ,numb] -- ,faculties -- ,reptiles -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 p4 #cah-cdd4 ,section ,,ii4--,,man4 ,body3 -- ,its ,creator -- ,=mation -- ,vitality -- ,blood -- ,he>t -- ,art]ies & ,ve9s -- ,dige/ion -- ,respiration -- ,gl&s -- ,absorb5ts -- ,n]v\s ,sy/em -- ,organs ( ,s5se -- ,bones -- ,s9ovia -- ,muscles -- ,t5dons -- ,cellul> ,membrane -- ,sk94 ,s\l3 ,its ,immat]iality -- ,fre$om -- ,immortality -- ,moral ,image -- ,adam's dom9ion ov] ! ,creatures -- ,woman -- ,p>adise4 p4 #cdd-cih4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,sev5? ,,day4 ,,on ,,! ,,sabba?4 ,sabba? in/itut$ -- ,bless$ & sanctifi$ -- ,giv5 to ,adam z a ,g5]al ,precept = 8 ,po/]ity -- ,r5ew$ be=e & at ! giv+ ( ! ,law -- ,a sign betwe5 ,god & 8 p -- ,worldly ,bus9ess prohibit$ -- ,works ( ,necessity & ,m]cy except$ --,advantages result+ f obs]v+ x -- ,a ,sev5? ,day reg>d$ by ! ,hea!ns -- ,! ,sabba? ( univ]sal & p]petual obligation -- ,! ,"l's ,day4 p4 #cii-daj4 ,,! ,,mosaic ,,hi/ory1 c4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,on ,,! ,,creator ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,di/+ui%$ by 8 "n ,,jehovah -- ,8 ess5ce & self-exi/5ce express$ by ! words ,i ,,am -- ,8 attribute ( goodness ! glory ( all 8 o!r p]fections -- ,elohim signify+ a ,tr9ity ( ,p]sons 9 a ,unity ( ,ess5ce -- ,! ,creation ascrib$ to "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s -- ,! fir/ production ( matt] -- ,! creatures made = ! manife/+ ( ,god's attributes1 & t he might imp>t happ9ess to !m4 ,z x is propos$1 9 ! foll[+ pages to give ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation ( ! _w1 x is v natural t ! m9d %\ld come to ! m$itation ( ?is int]e/+ subject1 by contemplat+ ! "* ( ! ,great ,creator1 accord+ to 8 own revelations4 ,x is evid5t t ,god made himself gradually kn[n1 z ! /ate & condition ( mank9d requir$4 ,9 ! e>li] ages ( ! _w1 :ile revelation 0 b dawn+ on ! human race1 he 0 b little kn[n1 9 comp>ison ( ! subsequ5t diffusion ( 8 glory & p]fections4 ,:5 he1 accord+ to 8 promise1 came to deliv] ! *ildr5 ( ,israel out ( ,egypt1 he reveal$ himself to !m by 8 "n ,,jehovah4 ,he _h be=e decl>$ himself by ?is "n to ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob2 b n z x imports ! p]=mance ( 8 promises2 9 :i* s5se1 _! po/]ity aft]w>ds1 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 well und]/ood x4 ,( all ! names :i* ! ,div9e ,be+ has be5 pleas$ to designate himself by1 t ( ,,jehovah is ! greate/4 ,x comes f a root :i* imports 8 et]nity1 indep5d5cy1 efficacy1 & tru?4 ,9 ! ,hebrew x is writt5 ) f\r lett]s1 yod1 he1 vau1 he1 ?us i4e4 ,,jhvh3#a ! po9ts us$ 9 t language1 make our ,engli% ^w consi/ ( sev5 lett]s1 ,je,ho,va,h4 ,god himself gives ! int]pretation ( ?is "n4 8,& ! ,"l pass$ by be=e him1 & proclaim$ ,,yehovah1 ! ,,"l ,,god1 m]ciful & graci\s1 long-suff]+1 & abundant 9 goodness & tru?1 keep+ m]cy = ?\s&s1 =giv+ iniquity1 & transgression1 & s91 & t w by no means cle> ! guilty40 ,^! diff]5t names h be5 consid]$ z s _m attributes ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,comm5tators divide !m into elev51 ?us3 #a4 ,,jehovah4 #b4 ,,el1 ! /rong or mighty ,god4 #c4 ,,ra*um1 ! m]ciful ,be+1 :o is full ( t5d]ness & compassion4 #d4 ,,*anun1 ! graci\s ,"o3 ,he1 ^: nature is goodness itself--! lov+ ,god4 #e4 ,,erec ,,apayim1 long-suff]+1 ! ,be+ :o1 because ( 8 goodness & t5d]ness1 is n easily irritat$1 b suff]s long & is k9d4 #f4 ,,rab1 ! great or mighty ,"o4 #g4 ,,*es$1 ! b\ntiful ,be+3 ,he :o is exub]ant 9 8 b5efic5ce4 #h4 ,,eme?1 ! ,tru?1 or true ,"o3 ,he alone :o c nei!r deceive nor be deceiv$--:o is ! ,f\nta9 ( tru?1 & f :om all wisdom & k mu/ be d]iv$4 #i4 ,,nots] ,,*es$ ! pres]v] ( b\ntifulness3 ,he ^: b5efic5ce nev] ends1 keep+ m]cy = ?\s&s ( g5]ations--%[+ compassion & m]cy :ile ! _w endures4 #aj4 ,,nose von vape% ve*ataah3 ,he :o be>s away iniquity & transgression & s92 prop]ly ! ,,r$eem]1 ! ,p>don]1 ! ,=giv]1 ! ,be+ ^: pr]ogative alone x is to =give s91 & save ! s\l4 77 ,,nakeh lo y9nakeh1 ! righte\s ,judge1 :o di/ributes ju/ice ) an imp>tial h&2 ) :om no innoc5t p]son c ev] be condemn$4 #aa4 ,& ,,pak$ von1 c4 ,he :o visits iniquity2 he :o puni%es transgressors1 & f ^: ju/ice no s9n] c escape4 ,! ,god ( retributive & v9dictive ju/ice4 ,^! elev5 attributes1 z !y h be5 t]m$1 are all includ$ 9 ! "n ,jehovah2 & are ! prop] int]pretation ( x4#b ,! ,jews _h a sup]/iti\s respect = ?is "n2 &1 aft] ! ,babylonian captivity1 discont9u$ ! use ( x1 :i* caus$ !m soon to =get its true pronunciation4 ,!y call$ x ! ,tetragrammaton1 or f\r-lett]$ "n ( ,god1 :i*1 to ! pres5t day1 ! ,jews w nei!r write nor pron\nce4 ,!y deem$ x to be ineffable2 & !re=e :5 x occurr$ 9 read+ ! ,scriptures2 sub/itut$ ,adonai4 ,! ,jews tell u t ! woman's son1 m5tion$ 9 ,lev4 xxxiv1 #aa1 0 accus$ ( blasphemy & /on$ to dea?1 because he pron\nc$ ! "n ,jehovah4 ,b ,i conceive1 t he _h spok5 contemptu\sly ( ,god4 ,we read1 v]se #aj1 t he & a man ( ,israel /rove toge!r1 & x is probable t ! ,israelite1 9 ! heat ( cont5tion1 w\ld d5y 8 be+ a memb] ( ! *ur* ( ,god1 because he 0 ! son ( an ,egyptian fa!r :o 0 an idolat]2 :]eupon1 no d\bt1 ! son ( ! ,israeliti% woman spoke scornfully & opprobri\sly ( ! ,god ( ,israel1 despis+ ! privilege ( be+ "o ( 8 p4 ,?is1 ,i imag9e1 0 ! blasphemy ( :i* he 0 accus$1 & = :i* he 0 condemn$ & /on$ to dea?2 & n = pron\nc+ ! "n ( ,jehovah only4 ,! ,sev5ty :o translat$ ! ,old ,te/am5t into ,greek1 at ! desire ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 ab\t ! #abd? ,olympiad1 7 also v sp>+ 9 ! use ( ?is "n ,jehovah2 & !re=e did n r5d] x accord+ to ! sacr$ import ( ! ,hebrew1 b *ang$ x into ! ^w 1 ,"l1 :i* is ( ! same signification ) ,adonai 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,orig51 ,j]ome1 & ,eusebius1 te/ify1 t1 9 _! "t1 ! ,jews left ! "n ,jehovah writt5 9 _! copies ) ,sam>itan *>act]s1 in/ead ( ! common ,*aldee or ,hebrew *>act]s4 ,& ^? div9es1 :o at ! comm& ( ,k+ ,james translat$ ! ,scriptures anew into ,engli%1 h v r>ely us$ ! ^w ,jehovah1 b r5d]$ x ,"l4 ,yet we may obs]ve1 t :5 ?is ^w ,"l is sub/itut$ = ,jehovah1 x is pr9t$ 9 l>ge ,roman lett]s4 ,x is to be wi%$1 t ! "n ,jehovah _h be5 pres]v$ 9 ! ,engli% translation ( ! ,scriptures1 & especially 9 ^? passages ^: s5se entirely dep5ds on ! mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,aft] ! appo9tm5t ( ,moses1 by ,jehovah1 to deliv] ! *ildr5 ( ,israel f ! tyranny & oppression "u :i* !y groan$1 & to conduct !m f ,egypt to wor%ip ,god at ,horeb1 he 0 anxi\s to obta9 a p>ticul> revelation ( ! ,div9e nature & attributes1 t he might be able to regulate1 direct1 & sup]9t5d _! wor%ip2 & ?is he deem$ necess>y on acc\nt ( ! ,israelites hav+ be5 long conv]sant among ! ,egyptians1 :o 7 idolat]s & poly!i/s1 & call$ _! gods by a v>iety ( names4 ,h]eupon he said to ,god1 8,behold1 :5 ,i come unto ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & %all say unto !m1 ,! ,god ( y\r fa!rs ha? s5t me unto y2 & !y %all say unto me1 ,:at is 8 "n8 :at %all ,i say unto !m80 ,intimat+1 t x 0 exp$i5t ,god %\ld call himself by an appropriate "n1 to di/+ui% himself f all ! gods ( ! hea!n4 ,= m5 did n1 at ?is "t1 z ,dr4 ,%uck=d obs]ves1 "k ! works ( creation well en\gh to demon/rate f !m ! attributes ( ,god2 nor c\ld !y1 by speculation1 =m prop] & j notions ( 8 nature4 ,?\gh he _h reveal$ himself to ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 by ! "n ,ani ,el %aday1 8,i am ,god all-suffici5t10 & likewise t ( ,jehovah2 yet a fur!r k ( him 0 s9c]ely desir$ & e>ne/ly reque/$4#c ,:]eupon1 says ,god to ,moses1 ,i ,,am t ,i ,,am1 ,,eheyeh a%] ,,eheyeh4 ,! ,vulgate translates ^! words--,,ego ,,sum ,,qui ,,sum1 ,i am :o am4 ,! ,septuag9t-- 1 ,i am he :o exi/s4 ,! ,arabic p>aphrases !m--,! ,et]nal1 :o passes n away4 ,n ,i 01 b ,i ,,am & ,,w ,,be3 a "n t expresses 8 own ess5ce1 & signifies indep5d5cy1 immutability1 & necess>y exi/5ce4 ,z if he _h said1 ,y may inquire :o ,i am1 & by :at "n ,i w\ld be di/+ui%$3 "k !n t ,i ,,am ,,he :o has be+ f himself1 & has no dep5d5ce on any o!r4#d ,?is conta9s 9 x ! :ole pl5itude & possibility ( be+1 all t is1 or c be1 or1 z ! ,apo/le expresses x1 8all ! fulness ( ! ,godhead40 ,by ?is "n he is di/+ui%$ n only f all false gods1 b f all o!r be+s :atsoev]2 imply+1 t he exi/s aft] "s v em95t & peculi> mann]1 & t no?+ else besides him truly & ess5tially is4#e ,! self-exi/5ce ( ,god proves t he always 01 & evid5tly %[s t he _c cease to be4 8,he is1 & 01 & is to come40 ,8 necess>y exi/5ce compreh5ds a duration :i* has nei!r beg9n+1 succession1 nor end4 ,he c h no succession 9 8 duration1 because :]ev] ?is is !re mu/ be priority1 & :]ev] !re is a priority !re mu/ be a beg9n+4 ,he is 9 ! complete possession ( an endless life1 all at once4 ,he exi/s 9 "o et]nal n[4 ,he is un*angeable 9 8 ess5ce or mann] ( exi/5ce1 s t no p]fection c be add$ to him1 nor any excell5cy tak5 f him1 b he rema9s inv>iably ! same4 ,all natural p]fections are ess5tial to him z an inf9ite be+1 su* z et]nity1 omnipot5ce1 imm5sity1 omnisci5ce1 spirituality1 & immutability2 & all moral p]fections belong to him z a good ,be+1 su* z wisdom1 hol9ess1 ju/ice1 goodness1 tru?1 fai?fulness4 ,^! latt] are communicable1 because !re are "s rays ( !m 9 8 creatures1 b none ( !m 9 t transc5d5t degree t are 9 him1 nor ev] c be4 ,! =m] we call 8 natural & incommunicable p]fections1 = ! sake ( di/9ction2 ?\gh x is c]ta9 ! latt] are equally z natural to him1 & incommunicable1 9 t inf9ite degree possess$ by himself4 ,god be+ un*angeable 9 8 ess5ce1 mu/ also be s 9 all 8 p]fections1 because !y are no o!r ?an 8 ess5ce1 & are n di/+ui%$ 9 him1 ei!r f 8 ess5ce1 or f "o ano!r2 b are "o & ! same ,be+1 reveal$ & manife/$ to u1 "u v>i\s notions1 :i* we call attributes1 to help u ! bett] to conceive ( him1 :o are n able to appreh5d :at may be kn[n ( him1 "u any "o "n1 or by any "o act ( our und]/&+4 ,! comb9ation ( all 8 p]fections r5d]s him a glori\s ,be+2 & t fix$ & inv>iable /ate ( cont5tm5t & satisfaction1 complac5cy & delight1 :i* result f ! secure possession & enjoym5t ( all t is good & desirable1 or1 9 o!r words1 ( all possible excell5cies & p]fections 9 ! highe/ degree1 con/itutes him inf9itely bless$4 ,moses 0 favor$ ) ano!r rem>kable & int]e/+ manife/ation ( ! ,div9e ,be+2 = p]ceiv+ ,god's m]ciful condesc5sion 9 answ] to 8 pray]s (f]$ up = 8 p1 he p]sev]$ 9 ! holy ex]cise1 & ev5 ask$ him = a manife/ation ( 8 glory3 8,%[ me10 said he1 8,i besee* !e1 ?y glory10 or1 accord+ to ! orig9al1 8make me see x40 ,he c\ld n mean an op5 view ( ! uncl\d$ maje/y ( ,god1 b only su* a display ( ! ,div9e glory z a mortal is capable ( behold+4 ,god answ]$1 8,i w make all my goodness to pass be=e !e30 intimat+1 t 8 goodness is 8 glory1 & t he c\ld n be> ! inf9ite spl5dor ( 8 hol9ess & ju/ice4 ,goodness is ! true & g5u9e "* ( ,god1 & ! glory ( all 8 o!r p]fections1 & by x !y are all r5d]$ engag+4 ,)\t ?is !y w\ld be t]rible3 = wisdom )\t goodness deg5]ates into insidi\s cunn+2 & p[] )\t x is ! "* ( a tyrant4 ,7 ,god de/itute ( ?is amiable p]fection1 he w\ld h su* a defect 9 8 nature1 z inf9ite p]fection itself1 9 e o!r attribute1 c\ld n suffici5tly comp5sate4 ,all nations h ackn[l$g$ ?is p]fection ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,plato calls him ! 1 ! idea or ess5ce ( goodness4 ,9 ! ?ree pr9ciples ( ! ,platonic ,tr9ity-- goodness1 intellig5ce1 & vitality4--,! fir/ place is assign$ to ! goodness1 :i* ! ,platoni/s conceive to be l an imm5se & mo/ pure light1 cont9ually diffus+ & communicat+ its invigorat+ beams4 ,to ?is ! ,platoni/ ,boctius alludes1 9 t celebrat$ description ( ,god1 :]e he calls him ,fons ,boni ,lucidus1 ! lucid f\nta9 ( goodness4--,!re is an anci5t cabali/ical table1 suppos$ to be borr[$ f ! ,py?agoreans1 :i* repres5ts1 9 a visible s*eme1 ! ord] ( ! ,div9e p]fections3 :]e9 x is obs]vable t goodness presides ov]1 & gives laws & measures to all ! o!r attributes ( ,god4 ,philo says1 ,god is ! "n ( goodness2 & our ,engli% ^w1 adds a late au?or1 seems to be a contraction ( ! ^w good2 or1 h[ev]1 is ! same ) ! ,g]man ,got1 or ,godt1 :i* came1 z is ?\ght1 f ! ,arabic ^w ,gada1 ( ! same signification4 ,s t ! ,g]man & ! ,engli% "n ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 9 common use1 is tak5 f ! attribute ( 8 goodness4 8,! ^w itself is pure ,anglo-saxon10 says ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke1 8&1 among our ance/ors1 signifi$ n only ! ,div9e ,be+1 n[ commonly designat$ by ! ^w1 b also good2 z 9 _! appreh5sion x appe>s1 t ,god & ,good 7 correlative t]ms2 & :5 !y ?\ght or spoke ( him1 !y 7 ev] l$ f ! ^w itself to consid] him z ,,! ,,good ,,be+ a f\nta9 ( inf9ite b5evol5ce & b5efic5ce t[>ds 8 creatures40 ,! ^w ,,god1 express$ 9 ! old ,saxon1 is bona res1 a good ?+4 ,t ,god is good1 is ! con/ant language ( ,div9e revelation2 = ?is attribute is e :]e celebrat$1 bo? 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x may be di/+ui%$ z natural1 moral1 & communicative4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! absolute p]fection ( 8 nature1 :i* is goodness itself 9 its v ess5ce4 ,he is orig9ally good1 & t ( himself2 :i* is a prop]ty peculi> to no o!r creature1 = all ! goodness ( ! creature is d]iv$ f ,god4 ,he is inf9itely & !re=e incompreh5sively good to m5 & angels2 h5ce 8 goodness kn[s no limits4 ,we read ( ! 8ri*es ( 8 goodness10 :i* are z 8unse>*able10 z is 8 8greatness40 ,he is immutably good1 = 8! goodness ( ,god endure? cont9ually40 ,& z 8 dep5d5ce on no "o admits n ( 8 be+ *ang$ by o!rs1 s nei!r does 8 immutability admit ( x by himself2 = if he alt] = ! bett] he 0 n ,god be=e1 & if = ! worse1 he !n w\ld n be ,god4 ,?us he is ess5tially1 orig9ally1 inf9itely1 incompreh5sibly1 & un*angeably good4 ,! moral goodness ( ,god is 8 p]fect purity or hol9ess2 !re=e 8 goodness & hol9ess are unit$--8good & upright is ! ,"l40 ,accord+ to any rational op9ion we c =m ( him1 he is a ,be+ possess$1 n only ( e natural p[] & p]fection1 b ( e moral excell5ce4 ,! hol9ess ( 8 nature removes him to ! greate/ possible di/ance f all moral evil1 & makes him necess>ily approve ( moral good4 ,all 8 designs are pure & upright1 & wor?y ( himself3 he always acts accord+ to ! p]fect rectitude ( 8 own nature4 ,?\gh he is n "u ! direction ( any sup]ior1 yet 8 own rectitude always det]m9es him to pursue :at is "r to be done t[>ds 8 creatures4 ,?is prop]ty ( ! ,div9e ,be+ greatly height5s our idea ( 8 excell5ce1 & naturally po9ts him out z ! ,gov]nor ( mank9d4 ,& z he adh]es to x 9 8 own conduct & adm9i/ration1 & likewise approves & loves x 9 8 rational creatures1 :om he gov]ns2 s he disapproves & hates ! rev]se 9 !m1 & w mo/ c]ta9ly animadv]t ^u ! temp] & behavior ( ^? :o act contr>y to 8 div9e admonitions1 & make !m mo/ s5sibly feel ! effects ( _! wick$ness4 ,! communicative1 or relative goodness ( ,god1 or 8 goodness to 8 creatures1 is 8 incl9ation or self-prop5sion to deal well & b\ntifully ) !m4 ,z ! notion ( ,god includes goodness1 s ! idea ( goodness implies holy diffusiv5ess4 ,!re=e1 says ! ,psalmi/1 8,?\ art good1 & doe/ good40 ,all t we are1 h1 or hope =1 t is good1 proce$s f ,god z its f\nta92 h5ce he is call$1 8! f\nta9 ( liv+ wat]s40 ,?is communicative goodness implies1 t1 f 8 all-suffici5cy1 he is ready to imp>t to 8 creatures :atev] _! necessities require4 ,?is attribute is univ]sal3 8he is good to all0 8 creatures f ! highe/ angel to ! meane/ reptile2 especially1 to 8 p1 8,truly10 says ! ,psalmi/1 8,god is good to ,israel1 ev5 to su* z are ( a clean he>t40 ,b1 ?\gh ,god is good to all 8 creatures1 yet he is n equally s 9 ! same k9d & degree ( bless+s4 ,8 munific5ce is regulat$ by 8 wisdom1 & ! diff]5t capacities ) :i* he has =m$ 8 creatures makes ?is inequality necess>y4 ,!re is "o va/ & awful "q :i* mu/ occur to e reflect+ m9d--,:at is ,god8 ,z x reg>ds 8 ,nature1 ! ,scriptures say1 ,he is a ,_s4 ,we mu/ !re=e1 conceive ! ,creator to be1 a ,liv+1 ,rational1 ,b5evol5t1 & ,spiritual ,,ess5ce2 absolutely1 necess>ily1 & naturally p]fect1 &1 !re=e1 immat]ial1 uncomp\nd$1 indivisible1 & et]nal4 ,x is necess>ily und]/ood t ?is ess5ce is peculi>3 t !re is no?+ 9 its nature :i* has any resemblance to creat$ sub/ances1 :e!r mat]ial or spiritual2 & t x is und]iv$1 & consequ5tly1 indep5d5t4 ,?is ,div9e ,ess5ce be+ immat]ial1 impalpable1 simple & indivisible1 _c h body or p>ts3 nor c x be said to be a :ole1 = ?is w\ld imply an aggregation ( p>ts3 b is itself a p]fect1 absolute1 s+le1 & et]nal ,,individuality1 incapable ( self-multiplication1 or increase2 or ( dim9i%+ itself1 or endang]+ its exi/5ce4 ,?is ess5ce is a liv+ ess5ce2 &1 !re=e1 has inh]5tly ! p[] & pr9ciples ( action3 ,x is a rational ess5ce1 & !re=e1 mu/ act accord+ to ! et]nal pr9ciples ( reason & "r3 ,x is a b5evol5t ess5ce1 & !re=e1 all its actions mu/ be inf9itely good & k9d4 ,absolute p]fection1 inf9itude1 & sov]eignty 9 all ^! respects1 con/itute ! ,be+ we call ,god4 ,z ,god is a s+le1 indivisible1 indep5d5t1 & et]nal ,,unit1 we _c ascribe diff]5t p]fections1 or attributes to him1 s z to suppose "o attribute sep>ate f1 & indep5d5t ( ano!r1 capable ( act+ p] se1 or p>ticipat+ conjunctively ) o!r attributes z an integ]4 ,nor c we suppose ?is et]nal1 & indep5d5t ,unit to act by be+ op]at$ ^u 9 any degree1 by o!r ag5ts1 nor c he op]ate on himself4 ,all 8 actions1 !re=e1 spr+ f himself1 & are p]=m$ )\t excitem5t1 ef=t1 means1 or previ\s ratioc9ation4 ,x w foll[ f ! prec$+ reason+1 t e action ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 9 reg>d to himself1 is precisely ! same 9 nature3 s t we _c say ( "o act x is an ef=t ( 8 p[] to ! exclusion ( 8 wisdom3 nor ( 8 wisdom to ! exclusion ( 8 goodness3 nor ( 8 goodness to ! exclusion ( 8 hol9ess3 & s ( ! re/4 ,/rictly speak+ we _c say ! p[] ( ,god2 ! wisdom ( ,god2 ! goodness ( ,god1 c42 because ! p[] ( ,god is ,god2 ! wisdom ( ,god is ,god2 ! goodness ( ,god is ,god4 ,9 contemplat+ ?is awful subject ab/ractly1 we %\ld say !re are no su* ?+s z attributes 9 ! ,div9e ,be+1 z !y are commonly und]/ood4 ,:at we call 8 attributes1 are only diff]5t modes ( ! op]ations ( ! same et]nal1 undivid$1 & indep5d5t ,unit4 ,inde$1 ,god is "o entire p]fection :i* ex]ts itself 9 diff]5t ways & actions4 ,b z we _c compreh5d ?is s+le entire p]fection2 nor und]/& h[ x ex]ts ! :ole ( itself1 z a s+le indivisible ag5t1 9 ea* p>ticul> act1 z x really does1 mank9d h always be5 9 ! habit ( assi/+ _! contemplations by reg>d+ ! nature ( ! acts ( ?is s+le1 indivisible1 & et]nal ag5t1 & ?us inf]+ ! nature ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,& z ^! acts appe> to diff] 9 quality1 we inf] a quality 9 ! ag5t1 correspond+ ) ! quality ( ! actions :i* we see3 we call ?is quality by a "n1 & ?us d]ive ! doctr9e ( attributes4 ,= example3 ,:5 we see ?is s+le1 indivisible ag5t manife/+ himself 9 su* a mann] z to give u ! idea ( unlimit$ p[]1 we ascribe omnipot5ce to him1 z an attribute4 ,:5 we see a manife/ation indicat+ inf9ite wisdom1 we ascribe omnisci5ce to him z an attribute4 ,9 ! same mann] 9 ref]5ce to ! manife/ations :i* indicate ju/ice1 goodness1 m]cy1 tru?1 hol9ess1 fai?fulness1 righte\sness1 k9dness1 c1 all ( :i* we ascribe to him ^u su* indications4 ,al?\gh ?is rationale1 9 contemplat+ ! ,div9e ,be+1 is necess>y to creatures1 yet x is calculat$ to lead ! m9d into error4 ,we am ins5sibly incl9$ to ascribe ! div9e actions to ^? attributes exclusively :i* we suppose !y indicate4 ,?is1 probably1 has be5 ! mo/ fatal error ( mank9d1 &1 d\btless1 laid ! f\ndation ( d>kness & idolatry4 ,we mu/ nev] conceive t any act ( ! ,div9e ,be+ proce$s f "o or m attributes to ! exclusion ( o!rs2 or t "o attribute p>ticipates m 9 "o act ?an ano!r4 ,?is is ! fatal mi/ake4 ,h5ce !ologians h become bl9d & fooli%1 bewild]+ ! multitude by build+ up !ories on ! consid]ation ( a s+le attribute2 ?us mak+ ! ,div9e ,be+ to consi/ ( p>ts1 & ^! p>ts indep5d5t too4 ,in/ances ( ?is awful mi/ake might be giv51 b x sc>cely comes )9 ! design ( ?is pap]4 ,x is suffici5t to say2 if we conceive correctly ( ! div9e acts1 we w ascribe ea* equally to all ! ,div9e ,attributes4 ,z we conceive ?is s+le1 indivisible1 und]iv$1 indep5d5t1 & et]nal ag5t1 or p]fection to be absolutely inf9ite1 & illimitable 9 all possible ways1 or mann]1 ( ex]t+ ,himself1 we1 ( c\rse1 conceive all ! qualities1 indicat$ by ! div9e acts1 :i* we call attributes1 to be absolutely inf9ite1 p]fect1 & et]nal3 & ?us we d]ive ! doctr9e ( ! absolute p]fection1 & inf9itude ( all1 & ea* ( ! ,div9e ,attributes4 ,f ! =ego+ reflections1 ! read] w readily conceive ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 z a ,liv+1 ,rational1 ,b5evol5t1 & ,spiritual ,ess5ce1 exi/+ z a s+le1 und]iv$1 indep5d5t1 ,unit3 a ,unit1 n 9 reality consi/+ ( attributes1 or p]fections1 b itself "o s+le1 entire p]fection3 ex]t+ itself n by attributes1 b z an individual ,unit or ,ag5t1 9 su* a mann] t ea* action is ! action ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 & n ( "o or m ( 8 attributes3 t ! exi/5ce ( ?is s+le1 und]iv$1 indep5d5t1 & et]nal ,ag5t1 01 & is necess>y1 &1 !re=e1 he c\ld n b h exi/$1 & _c cease to be2 t ,he is absolute1 & inf9ite 9 all possible ways & mann] ( act+1 & consequ5tly we conceive ,him possess$ ( all possible p]fections 9 an inf9ite degree4 ,by ! assi/ance ( ,div9e revelation we are enabl$ fur!r to pursue our inquiries conc]n+ ?is v important subject2 & )\t :i*1 we %\ld be involv$ 9 great d>kness & unc]ta9ty1 n only respect+ 8 moral p]fections1 b ! mode ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,& ?is mu/ be a matt] ( sup]ior int]e/ to mank9d1 or our adorable ,creator w\ld n h communicat$ x1 :i* he evid5tly has done ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,scriptures1 writt5 by ,div9e inspiration4 ,moses1 hav+ receiv$ by ,div9e revelation in/ruction conc]n+ ! orig9 & =mation ( ! _w1 conducts u at once to its great & adorable ,ar*itect4 8,9 ! beg9n+ ,,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?40 ,"h he adopts a phraseology to express ! supreme ,be+1 :i* is g5]ally us$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t = ! same purpose1 & is v important & necess>y to be und]/ood1 z x gives u in=mation aft] :at mann] he exi/s4 #8,! orig9al ^w ,elohim1 ,god1' says a great l+ui/1 #8is c]ta9ly ! plural =m ( el1 or eloah1 & has long be5 suppos$1 by ! mo/ em95tly le>n$ & pi\s m51 to imply a plurality ( p]sons 9 ! div9e nature4' ,z ?is plurality appe>s 9 s _m p>ts ( ! sacr$ writ+s to be conf9$ to ?ree ,p]sons1 namely1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s1 h5ce ! doctr9e ( ! ,,tr9ity4 ,x is v rem>kable t we no soon] op5 ! ,bible1 ?an ?is doctr9e is pres5t$ to our view4 ,! laws & ord9ances e/abli%$ among ! ,jews 7 design$ to gu>d t p f idolatry1 :i* 9 ,abraham's "t _h become v g5]al4 ,on ! recollection ( ?is circum/ance x appe>s extraord9>y t ,moses1 :5 he is describ+ ! creation ( ! _w1 %\ld1 9 ord] to express 8 conceptions ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 introduce a t]m :i* implies plurality2 &1 frequ5tly connect+ x ) v]bs & p]sons s+ul>1 %\ld use t t]m ?irty times 9 ! %ort acc\nt ( ! creation1 :5 ! language af=d$ o!r words 9 ! s+ul> numb] t w\ld h answ]$ 8 purpose equally well2 nay1 if he did n wi% to express a plurality1 t grammatical accuracy %\ld h l$ him to adopt4 ,:5 he made use ( a plural n\n = ! "n ( ,god1 :i* he has done1 p]haps1 five hundr$ times m 9 "o =m or o!r 9 ! five books ( 8 writ+s1 ?is plurality1 ,i appreh5d1 0 ! idea he meant to convey to mank9d4 ,he1 or r ! ,,holy ,,_s1 by :om he 0 inspir$ to write 8 hi/ory1 meant to give "s h9ts & intimations ( a doctr9e m cle>ly to be reveal$ 9 future ages4#f ,! anci5t ,jews und]/ood ,elohim z convey+ ! idea ( a plurality 9 ! ,godhead4 8,come10 says "o ( !m1 8& see ! my/]y ( ! ^w ,elohim3 !re are ?ree degrees1 & ea* degree by itself alone1 & yet not)/&+ !y are all "o1 & jo9$ toge!r 9 "o1 & are n divid$ f ea* o!r40#g ,r4 ,be*ai1 a celebrat$ au?or among ! ,jews1 disc\rs+ ( ! ^w ,elohim1 & ( ! import & signification ( x1 adds ^! words3--8,accord+ to ! cabali/ical way1 ?is "n ,elohim is two words1 namely1 ,el him1 t is1 !y are ,god4 ,b ! explanation ( ! ,yod is to be fet*$ f ,eccles4 xii1 #a1 ,rememb] ?y ,,creators4 ,he t is prud5t w und]/& x40 ,^! words d suffici5tly prove ! ,cabala among ! ,jews1 says ,bi%op ,kidd]1 t ?\gh ! ,div9e ,nature 0 b "o1 yet !re 0 "s k9d ( plurality 9 ?is ,div9e ,nature2 & ?is is fairly ins9uat$ 9 ! ,b>a ,elohim1 :i* we f9d 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,g5esis4#h ,john ,x]es1 a ,jew conv]t$ 9 ,engl& "s ye>s ago1 publi%$ a s5sible & affectionate address to 8 unbeliev+ bre?r51 :]e9 he says1 t 8! ^w ,elohim1 :i* we r5d] ,,god 9 ,g54 i1 #a1 is ( ! plural numb]1 ?\gh annex$ to a v]b ( ! s+ul> numb]2 :i*10 says he1 8demon/rates z evid5tly z may be1 t !re are sev]al p]sons p>tak+ ( ! same ,div9e nature & ess5ce40#i ,x is cle> too1 h[ s5sible ! ,jews h be5 t !re is a notion ( plurality pla9ly import$ 9 ! ,hebrew text1 s9ce !y h =bidd5 _! common p ! read+ ( ! hi/ory ( ! creation1 le/1 und]/&+ x lit]ally1 !y %\ld be l$ unto h]esy4#aj ,:5 ! ,scriptures are suppress$1 or ! common p d5i$ ! use ( !m1 x may ) propriety be presum$ t _! sup]iors1 :o act 9 an arbitr>y & unju/ mann]1 h embrac$ anti-scriptural notions1 &1 9 ord] to prev5t detection1 lay aside ! only infallible te/ ( tru?2 &1 to conceal _! base motives1 & make _! delet]i\s conduct appe> n only plausible1 b necess>y & prop]1 !y boldly ass]t ! incompet5cy ( ! p to judge ( scripture doctr9es = !mselves1 & wi% to be consid]$ compassionate & fri5dly 9 judg+ & decid+ = !m4 ,! fact is1 ! common p are d5i$ ! use ( ! ,scripture1 le/ und]/&+ x 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 :i* _! sup]iors call h]esy1 x %\ld lead !m into ! und]/&+ ( pla9 & unequivocal facts /at$ !re91 & :i* are ( ! utmo/ importance = !m to "k4 ,x may be obs]v$ "h likewise1 t ! ,hebrew doctors always suppos$ ! fir/ v]se ( ,g5esis to conta9 "s lat5t my/]y4 ,! ,rabbi ,ibba inde$ expressly says x does1 & adds1 8,?is my/]y is n to be reveal$1 till ! com+ ( ! ,messiah40 ,mr4 ,p>khur/1 :o has greatly di/+ui%$ himself 9 ,hebrew lit]ature1 & to ^: pi\s & le>n$ labors mo/ ,biblical /ud5ts are indebt$1 says1 8,let ^? :o h any d\bt :e!r ,elohim1 :5 mean+ ! true ,god1 ,jehovah1 be plural or n1 consult ! foll[+ passages1 :]e !y w f9d x jo9$ ) adjectives1 pron\ns1 & v]bs plural30 he ref]s to tw5ty-five texts 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t on ?is occasion4#aa ,if ,moses & ! ,jews held ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 & ! ^w ,elohim imports plurality1 x is natural to ask1 ,h[ comes x to pass t ! ,septuag9t v]sion r5d]s ! plural "n ,elohim1 :5 us$ = ! true ,god1 by ! s+ul> "o 1 & nev] by ! plural 8 ,! le>n$ ,ridley1#ab aft] ,allix1 has answ]$ ?is "q4 ,he says1 8,! ,talmudi/s own t ! ,,lxxii ,int]pret]s did purposely *ange ! notion ( plurality impli$ 9 ! ,hebrew ,elohim into ! ,greek s+ul>1 le/ ,ptolemy ,philadelphus %\ld conclude t ! ,jews1 z well z himself1 _h a belief ( ,poly!ism40 ,& ,bi%op ,hunt+=d adds1 8,( all ! ,greek appellations ( ,div9ity1 0 ! only simple & direct t]m :i* !y c\ld adopt1 to c\nt]act idolatr\s misconceptions40 ,?is phraseology1 z to its signification1 is n peculi> to ,moses1 b is us$ by ! o!r sacr$ writ]s also1 & exactly accords ) ! :ole t5or ( ,div9e revelation4 ,! creation ( ! _w is ascrib$ to ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s1 z jo9t1 concurr+1 equal1 & effici5t causes !re(1 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,x w n surely be presum+ too mu*1 says ,bi%op ,hunt+=d1 if we suppose ,jo%ua & ,solomon to be m deeply in/ruct$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,religion1 ?an to be capable ( us+ improp] language respect+ ! ,deity4 ,yet ! =m] says1 8,ye _c s]ve ! ,"l3 = he is ! ,holy ,gods20 & ! latt] says1 8,! fe> ( ,jehovah is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom2 & ! k ( ! ,holies is und]/&+40#ac ,su* is ! phraseology ( ! ,hebrew text4 ,9 ^! passages1 & o!rs t might be produc$1 ! ^w 9 ! ,hebrew is 9 ! plural numb]1 because ( ! plurality ( p]sons 9 ! ,godhead2 b 9 our translation x is 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 because ( ! unity ( _! ess5ce4 ,b m p>ticul>ly4 ,! creation ( ! _w is ascrib$ to ,,jehovah3 8,i h made ! e>?1 & creat$ man ^u x3 ,i1 ev5 my h&s1 h /ret*$ out ! heav5s1 & all _! ho/ h ,i comm&$4 ,i am ! ,"l t make? all ?+s1 t /ret*e? =? ! heav5s alone1 t spreade? abroad ! e>? by myself40 ,he _h no mov+ causes excit+ him to create matt] & produce a univ]se1 b 8 own w1 goodness1 wisdom1 & p[]4 ,he creat$ all ?+s himself1 )\t ! assi/ance ( any in/rum5ts4 ,! prophet ascribes to ,god alone ! fram+ & /ret*+ out ( ! heav5s & ! e>? )\t ! c\nsel1 direction1 or m9i/ry ( any subord9ate ag5cy4 8,:o ha? measur$ ! wat]s 9 ! holl[ ( 8 h&1 & met$ out heav5 ) a span1 & compreh5d$ ! du/ ( ! e>? 9 a measure1 & weigh$ ! m\nta9s 9 scales1 & ! hills 9 a balance8 ,) :om took he c\nsel1 & :o in/ruct$ him1 & taught him 9 ! pa? ( judgm5t1 & taught him k1 & %[$ to him ! way ( und]/&+80 ,he creat$ all ?+s )\t any toil1 labor1 *ange1 or alt]ation 9 himself4 ,!re 0 n 9 him any transition f re/ to labor1 f idl5ess to bus9ess1 f /r5g? to we>9ess4 ,?\gh 8e good & p]fect gift is f above1 & come? d[n f ! ,fa!r ( lights10 yet 8) him !re is no v>iabl5ess1 nei!r %ad[ ( turn+40 ,! ,prophet says1 8,ha/ ?\ n kn[n8 ha/ ?\ n he>d1 t ! ev]la/+ ,god1 ! ,"l1 ! ,creator ( ! ends ( ! e>?1 fa9te? n1 nei!r is we>y80 ,& he proce$$ 9 ! "w ( creation )\t any delay3 x 0 n a successive =m+ ( ?+s by alt]ation1 :i* requir$ mu* "t to r5d] !m p]fect1 b 0 z 9 a mom5t1 z quickly & readily z a ^w is spok51 produc$ 9 ! rapid succession z record$ by ,moses4 ,?is "w !n ,god is said to h done alone1 to ! exclusion1 n ( ! ,son & ! ,_s1 b ( all t are n ,god by nature2 & by himself1 to ! exclusion ( all second causes or inf]ior ag5ts4 ,x is ascrib$ also to ! ,,son ( ,god4 ,! evangeli/ ,john ass]ts 9 v express t]ms ! ,div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ( ! tru? ( :i* he design$ 8 :ole ,gospel %\ld be a pro(4 8,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w40 ,by ! beg9n+1 "h1 we are to und]/& ! beg9n+ ( ! creation1 n ! beg9n+ ( ! gospel /ate1 z ! ,soc9ians say4 ,we h ! au?ority ( ,grotius1 t is tak5 f ,b]e%i?1 ,g54 i1 #a1 translat$ by ! ,septuag9t 1 & consequ5tly mu/ signify1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! creation ( ,god4 ,x is n said1 t he 0 made 9 ! beg9n+1 b t he 0 9 ! beg9n+1 did exi/ :5 ! _w began1 :i* is ( ! same import z if he said1 he 0 f et]nity2 = he t did exi/ 9 ! beg9n+1 nev] did himself beg9 to be4 ,! p]sonal ,wisdom ( ,god says1 8,! ,"l possess$ me 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 way1 be=e 8 works ( old40--8,& ! ,logos10 or 8,^w1 0 ) ,god40 ,he c\ld be ) no creature1 because !re 0 no creature 9 be+2 & !re=e x is v prop]ly said1 t he 80 ) ,god10 ! ,fa!r2 & 8 be+ ) him %[s1 t he is a di/9ct p]son or subsi/5ce f ! ,fa!r4--8,& ! ,logos10 or 8,^w 0 ,god40 ,?\gh he is a p]son di/9ct f t ( ! ,fa!r1 yet he is ( ! v same ess5ce ) him4 ,he t 0 ) ,god1 0 ,god2 & if he 0 ,god 9 ! beg9n+1 t is f et]nity1 he is ! same /ill1 he _c cease to be :at he 04 ,"h !n ! evangeli/ ass]ts ! et]nal exi/5ce ( ,*ri/1 8 p]sonal co-exi/5ce ) ! ,fa!r1 & t he is ( ! v same undivid$ nature & ess5ce ) him4 ,?\gh he is a p]son di/9ct f ! ,fa!r1 yet he is ( ! same sub/ance1 equal ) him 9 all div9e p]fections2 n a second>y ,god1 inf]ior to ! ,fa!r1 z ! ,arians ass]t4 8,all ?+s 7 made by him40 ,all ?+s1 f ! highe/ angel to ! meane/ worm1 7 made by him1 n z a subord9ate in/rum5t1 b z a co-ord9ate ag5t1 z a jo9t effici5t cause1 co-op]at+ ) ! ,fa!r 9 ?is "w4 #8,to say t ,*ri/ made all ?+s by a delegat$ p[] f ,god1 is absurd2 because ! ?+ is impossible4 ,creation means1 caus+ t to exi/ t _h no previ\s be+3 ?is is evid5tly a "w :i* c be effect$ only by omnipot5ce4 ,n[ ,god _c delegate 8 omnipot5ce to ano!r3 7 ?is possible1 he to :om ?is omnipot5ce 0 delegat$1 w\ld1 9 consequ5ce1 become ,god2 & he f :om x 0 delegat$1 w\ld cease to be su*3 = x is impossible t !re %\ld be two omnipot5t be+s4' 8,& )\t him 0 n any ?+ made t 0 made40 ,?is is add$ = ! m c]ta9ty1 x be+ usual ) ! ,hebrews1 :5 !y w\ld affirm t a ?+ is s inde$1 to confirm by a p>ticul> negative :at !y _h be=e affirm$4 ,our ,"l said to ! ,jews1 8,my ,fa!r worke? hi!rto1 & ,i "w40 ,! phrase signifies 8to ?is "t10 8to ! pres5t10 t is1 9 all works :atev]4 ,h5ce he is no creature1 or he mu/ h creat$ himself2 & if he creat$ himself1 he mu/ h be5 9 exi/5ce & n 9 exi/5ce at ! v same "t1 :i* is bo? contradictory & absurd4 ,& if e "w p]=m$ by ! ,fa!r 0 equally p]=m$ by ! ,son1 ! ,son mu/1 9 all respects1 be equal to ! ,fa!r1 9 nature & p]fections4 ,?is our ,"l's words signify & imply1 & 9 ?is s5se ! ,jews und]/ood him--z 8mak+ himself equal ) ,god40#ad 8,he is ! image ( ,god10 ! 8,,fir/ ,,produc] ( e creature3 = by him 7 all ?+s creat$1 t are 9 heav51 & t are 9 e>?1 visible & invisible1 :e!r !y be ?rones1 or dom9ions1 or pr9cipalities1 or p[]s30 all ! angels1 h[ev] div]sifi$ 9 rank or employm5t 9 ! heav5ly _w2 & all ! rational1 animal1 vegetable1 & inanimate creatures1 belong+ to ?is t]re/rial abode3 8all ?+s 7 made by him10 z ! effici5t cause1 8& = him10 z ! la/ end4--8,god ha? 9 ^! la/ days spok5 unto u by 8 ,son1 :om he ha? appo9t$ heir ( all ?+s1 by :om also he made ! worlds10 i4e4 ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,! ,fa!r does all by ! ,son1 & ! ,son does all f ! ,fa!r4 ,:atsoev] ! ,fa!r does1 t also does ! ,son likewise4 8,unto ! ,son he sai?1 ,?y ?rone1 oh ,god1 is = ev] & ev]2 a sceptre ( righte\sness is ! sceptre ( ?y k+dom4 ,?\1 ,"l1 9 ! beg9n+ ha/ laid ! f\ndation ( ! e>?2 & ! heav5s are ! works ( ?y h&s40 ,9 ^! passages ! ,div9ity ( ,*ri/ is pla9ly ass]t$1 & ! op]ations ( 8 p[] are pro(s ( 8 ,godhead4 ,he t is ! ,creator ( all ?+s is ,god3 b ,*ri/ is ! ,creator ( all ?+s2 !re=e ,*ri/ is ,god4 ,he calls himself 8! ,beg9n+ ( ! creation ( ,god10 :]e ! ^w means ! ,creator1 ! effici5t ,cause ( all ?+s1 he by ^: p[] ! creation _h its beg9n+ & p]fection4 ,& 8he t built all ?+s is ,god40 ,! le>n$ ,jacob ,bryant wrote a v valuable ,tract entitl$1 ,! s5tim5ts ( ,philo ,judu conc]n+ ! 1 or ,^w ( ,god2 f :i* ! foll[+ are quotations4 8,philo ,judu speaks at l>ge 9 _m places ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 ! second p]son1 :i* he m5tions z ! second ,div9ity1 ! great ,cause ( all ?+s1 & /yles him z ,plato1 z well z ! ,jews1 _h done be=e1 ! ,,logos4 ,( ! ,div9e ,logos or ,^w he speaks 9 _m places1 & ma9ta9s at l>ge ! ,div9ity ( ! second ,p]son1 & describes 8 attributes 9 a v precise & copi\s mann]1 /yl+ him ! second ,deity1 :o is ! ,^w ( ! supreme ,god1 8 fir/-begott5 ,son2 & ! image ( ,god4 ,9 8 treatise ^u creation1 he speaks ( ! ,^w z ! ,div9e op]ator by :om all ?+s 7 dispos$3 & m5tions him z sup]ior to ! angels & all creat$ be+s1 & ! image & lik5ess ( ,god1 & says1 t ?is image ( ! true ,god 0 e/eem$ ! same z ,god4 ,?is ,,logos1 ! ,,^w ( ,,god1 says he1 is sup]ior to all ! _w1 & m anci5t2 be+ ! productor ( all t 0 produc$4 ,! et]nal ,^w ( ! ev]la/+ ,god is ! sure & fix$ f\ndation ^u :i* all ?+s dep5d40 ,creation is moreov] ascrib$ to ! ,,holy ,,_s4 ,t ! ,holy ,_s has a p]sonality di/9ct f t ( ! ,fa!r1 & also t ( ! ,son1 & a real & prop] ,div9ity1 is a doctr9e ( ,div9e revelation4 ,9 8 p]sonal capacity1 he is n ! ,fa!r1 nor ! ,son4 ,he nei!r is nor c be divid$ ei!r f ! ,div9e ess5ce1 nor f ! o!r two p]sons1 b yet is p]sonally di/9ct f !m4 ,8 relation to1 & mission by1 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 cle>ly ev9ce 8 p]sonal di/9ction4 ,he is call$ ! ,_s ( ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,_s ( ! ,son4 ,he is repres5t$ z s5t by ! ,fa!r1 & also z s5t by ! ,son4 ,^! ?+s %[ t he is a ,div9e p]son1 & has a di/9ct p]sonality4 ,! ,holy ,_s is ! la/ 9 ! ord] ( subsi/5ce3 ! ,fa!r is ! fir/1 ! ,son is ! second1 & ! ,holy ,_s is ! ?ird4 ,yet we %\ld "k1 t ! ,fa!r is n be=e ! ,son1 nor ! ,son be=e ! ,holy ,_s1 by a priority ( "t1 nor ( dignity & p]fections2 = ! ?ree p]sons 9 ! ,div9e ess5ce are co-et]nal4 ,! ,holy ,_s 0 equally conc]n$ ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,son 9 ! "w ( ,creation4 8,by ! ,^w ( ! ,"l 7 ! heav5s made1 & all ! ho/ ( !m by ! brea? 7,heb4 ,_s7 ( 8 m\?40 ,! brea? or _s ( ! ,"l's m\?1 says an excell5t au?or1 does und\bt$ly mean ! ?ird p]son ( ! ,tr9ity2 :o is call$1 8,! ,_s ( ,god1 & ! ,brea? ( ! ,almighty40--8,!y lift up _! voice to ,god ) "o accord1 & said1 ,,"l1 ?\ art ,,god1 :i* ha/ made heav5 & e>?1 & ! sea1 & all t !re9 is4 ,,:o1 by ! m\? ( ?y s]vant ,david1 ha/ said10 c4 ,! t]ms ,,"l & ,,god are "h us$ to express ! ,div9ity ( him1 says ! same able writ]1 :o spake by ! m\? ( 8 s]vant ,david4 ,b x 0 ! ,,holy ,,gho/ :o spake by ! m\? ( 8 s]vant ,david--=1 sai? ,/4 ,pet]1 8,?is ,scripture mu/ ne$s h be5 fulfill$1 :i* ! ,,holy ,,gho/10 by ! m\? ( ,david1 8spake10 c4 ,!re=e ! t]ms ,,"l & ,,god are c]ta9ly us$ to express ! ,div9ity ( ! ,,holy ,,gho/4#ae ,9 ! "w ( creation1 ! 8,,_s ( ,,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s10 by an inf9ite vitality infus+ life1 & ) a =mative en]gy giv+ =m4 8,by 8 ,,_s he ha? g>ni%$ ! heav5s0 ) an incalculable numb] ( lum9\s />s2 all ^? glitt]+ worlds1 :i* s]ve = use z well z beauty1 7 =m$ by ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,z none b ! ?ird ,p]son 9 ! ,godhead is ev] s mu* z once 9 ! ,scriptures call$ ! ,_s ( ,god2 s ! ,holy ,_s's ag5cy 9 ! "w ( creation ev9ces 8 di/9ct p]sonality1 & is a confirmation ( 8 prop] ,div9ity4 ,a cause mu/ be equal to ! effect x produces3 b no f9ite _s c\ld be a jo9t1 concurr+1 effici5t cause 9 ! "w ( ! creation3 !re=e ! ,holy ,_s is ,god4 ,suppos+ ! matt] ( :i* ! worlds 7 made to be call$ into be+ out ( no?+ by ! ,almighty p[] ( ! ,fa!r1 or by ! fiat ( ! ,son2 yet ! animat+ ( ! :ole lifeless mass1 ! putt+ ( e "p into motion1 ! assortm5t ( all ! p>ticles1 ! assign+ ( !m _! prop] places1 & ! complet+ ( ! :ole ) su* a/oni%+ beauty & h>mony1 :i* 0 ! peculi> "w ( ! ,holy ,_s1 requir$ no less ?an an almighty p[]1 :i* cle>ly demon/rates t he is ,god4 ,?us we see t ! creation ( ! _w is ascrib$ to "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,! ,son & ! ,holy ,_s 7 jo9t ,creators1 ( equal p[]1 & equal effici5cy ) ! ,fa!r4 ,!re is no :]e to be f\nd 9 ! ,scriptures ! lea/ h9t ( diff]5t degrees ( creat+ en]gy1 nor ( sole effici5cy 9 "o ( ! ,p]sons 9 ! ,godhead1 & a b>e in/rum5tal compliance 9 ! o!r4 ,! creation 0 ! common effect ( _! jo9t act+3 nor is x ev] said1 nor s mu* z h9t$ or impli$1 t ! di/9ct ,p]sons 9 ! ,godhead _h diff]5t prov9ces1 nor t "o creature 0 made by "o1 & ano!r creature 0 ! workman%ip ( ano!r4 ,! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s1 are nev] repres5t$ z act+ sep>ately1 b always 9 conjunction4 ,! sacr$ hi/orian assures u1 t1 at ! comm5cem5t ( "t1 ,elohim1 ! triune ,god1 caus$ matt] to exi/1 :i*1 previ\s to ?is a/oni%+ display ( 8 creat+ en]gy1 _h no be+4 ,moses1 z an inspir$ au?or1 is ! only "o :o c\ld in/ruct u 9 ! =mation & unfold+ ( ! _w4 ,he is n an ,epicurus1 :o has rec\rse to atoms2 a ,lucretius1 :o believes matt] to be et]nal2 a ,sp9oza1 :o admits a mat]ial ,god2 a ,desc>tes1 :o prates ab\t ! laws ( motion2 b a legislator1 :o ann\nces to all m5 )\t hesitation1 )\t fe> ( be+ mi/ak51 h[ ! _w 0 creat$4 ,no?+ c be m simple1 nor m sublime ?an 8 op5+3 8,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?40 ,he c\ld n h spok5 m assur$ly1 if he _h be5 a spectator2 & by ^! words1 my?ology1 sy/ems1 & absurdities1 %r9k to n\ght1 & are m]e *im]as 9 ! eyes ( reason4#af ,_h ,moses be5 a fictiti\s writ]1 h[ natural & h[ easy w\ld x h be5 = him to h fill$ up ! fir/ "p ( 8 hi/ory ) m>vell\s relations ab\t ! creation8 ,) :at pomp ( language1 ) :at wa/e ( rhetoric1 c\ld he probably h embelli%$ t surpris+ sc5e8 ,) :at a gr& app>atus ( cele/ial ma*9]y might he h made ! omnipot5t ,ar*itect come =? to build a univ]se8 ,h[ _m sub-ag5ts & subalt]ns w\ld a fabul\s poet or hi/orian h employ$ 9 ?is /up5d\s & multif>i\s "w8 ,) :at solemnity w\ld e "p h be5 gone ab\t1 & ) h[ _m episodes1 digressions1 & reflections1 w\ld ! /ory h be5 fill$1 9 ord] to give x an air ( ! m>vell\s8 ,b read ! beg9n+ ( ,g5esis1 & obs]ve h[ diff]5tly ,moses writes4 ,no scope is giv5 to fancy or inv5tion4 ,all is n>rat$ ) an ease1 pla9ness1 & simplicity1 :i* evid5tly %[s t he kept close to tru?1 & laid d[n ! facts j z !y 7 pres5t$ to 8 m9d2 a mann] ( writ+ r>ely1 if at all1 to be f\nd 9 any o!r hi/orians1 b su* z _h ! honor ( be+ ! amanu5sis ( ! ,,_s ( tru?4#ag ,! description :i* ,moses furni%es conc]n+ ! creation1 z relat+ to circum/ances previ\s to ! exi/5ce ( mank9d1 c\ld be d]iv$ only f imm$iate revelation4 ,x 0 receiv$ by ! ,jews ) full conviction ( its tru?1 on ! au?ority ( t inspiration "u :i* ,moses 0 kn[n to act4#ah ,& :5 ! creation ( ! _w began1 by ! lapse ( "t1 to be remov$ to a remote di/ance1 ,god 0 pleas$ ?us to provide a contempor>y hi/orian1 & appo9t a :ole nation to be ! gu>dians ( 8 hi/ory2 z well t ?is regi/] might be ! mo/ au!ntic1 z t all mank9d might h5ce be in/ruct$ 9 ! k ( a fact1 :i* 0 s necess>y = !m to "k1 & yet s impossible to be o!rwise asc]ta9$4#ai ,x may be prop] to notice1 t "s futile objections h be5 made to ! p]iod :i* is assign$ by ,moses to ! creation1 z ?\gh x 7 too rec5t to be reconcil$ ) reason & philosophical inquiry4 ,h[ long matt] rema9$ 9 a quiesc5t /ate aft] its creation1 we h no data to enable u to det]m9e3 b1 z its re/+ 9 an animate /ate1 s f> z we "k1 c\ld answ] no valuable purpose1 we may reasonably conjecture ! "t w\ld n be long4 ,! creation ( ! _w began1 accord+ to ,u%]1 be=e ! ,*ri/ian era #djjd ye>s1 if we foll[ ! ,hebrew text4 ,! ,septuag9t v]sion places x #ehgb1 & ! ,sam>itan #dgjj be=e ! vulg> era4--,san*onia?on1 ! fir/ ,ph5ician hi/orian1 accord+ to ! mo/ ext5d$ acc\nts ( ,porphyry1 fl\ri%$ long aft] ,moses1 probably n less ?an two hundr$ ye>s4 ,mane?o1 high-prie/ ( ,heliopolis1 wrote ! ,egyptian hi/ory only 9 ! "t ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus1 n m ?an #cjj ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 & pr(esses to h transcrib$ 8 ,dyna/ies f "s pill>s ( ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1 writt5 9 ! ,hebrew dialect4--,b]osus 0 ! fir/ not$ ,*aldean hi/orian1 & he 0 contempor>y ) ,mane?o4--,! ,*9ese h n any "w 9 an intelligible "* above #bbjj ye>s old4 ,"o ( ! ,*9ese emp]ors1 ab\t #bac ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 ord]$ all _! hi/orical records to be de/roy$4--,! ,greeks c\ld produce no dates beyond #eej ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 & b little hi/orical in=mation prior to ! ,olympiads1 :i* began #gge ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,orpheus & ,museus1 fabul\s poets1 7 n s remote z ,moses2 = x is suppos$ !y liv$ ab\t #bjj ye>s aft] him1 9 ! days ( ,gideon4 ,d>ies ,phrygius & ,dy/ys ,cret5sis1 fabul\s poets1 wrote ! hi/ory ( ! ,trojan w>1 ab\t #djj ye>s aft] ,moses4 ,hom] wrote 8 poems aft] ,david's "t1 & ab\t #eej ye>s aft] ,moses4 ,h]odotus1 call$ ! fa!r ( hi/ory1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t #dej ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 0 ! fir/ ,grecian hi/orian t des]ves ! "n2 yet he beg9s ) fable4 ,?ucydides rejects1 z unc]ta91 all t prec$$ ! ,peloponnesian w>2 & ,plut>*1 n "o ( ! lea/ hi/orians among ! ,grecians1 v5tur$ n beyond ! "t ( ,!seus1 :o liv$ a little be=e ! m9i/ry ( ,samuel4#bj ,s t all ^! poets & hi/orians fl\ri%$ long aft] ! "t ( ,moses1 "s ( !m ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s2 = he wrote ab\t ,a4 ,m4 #bdfj4 ,! works ( ! ,jewi% lawgiv] are n only ! mo/ anci5t1 b also ! mo/ au!ntic1 ( all ! monum5ts ( antiquity4 ,if ! _w 7 "s ?\s&s ( ye>s old]1 x mu/ be mu* bett] peopl$ ?an x is at pres5t4 ,population has always increas$ s9ce ! deluge1 & yet !re might be ?ree times z _m m inhabitants on ! e>? ?an x at pres5t conta9s4 ,x has be5 comput$ t at lea/ #ejjj millions ( m5 might live at once on our globe3 & yet x does n appe> t !re are really m ?an #ajhj millions4 ,9 ,asia are reckon$ #fej millions2 9 ,africa & ,am]ica1 #cjj millions2 & 9 ,europe1 #acj millions4 ,if we consid] ! arts inv5t$ by m51 we %all f9d t few or none ( !m h be5 discov]$ m ?an two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,man owes n only to 8 nature & reason ! aptitude he has = acquir+ arts & sci5ces1 b he is also l$ to ?is by necessity2 by ! desire he has to procure himself conv5i5ces & pleasures2 by vanity & ambition2 & by luxury1 ! *ild ( abundance1 :i* creates new wants4 ,?is prop5sity is evid5t among all m51 9 all ages4 ,hi/ory c>ries u back to ! "t :5 m5 _h sc>cely inv5t$ ! mo/ necess>y arts2 :5 ^? arts :i* 7 kn[n 7 b v imp]fectly und]/ood2 & 9 :i* !y sc>cely knew any ?+ ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! sci5ces4 ,ab\t f\r ?\s& ye>s ago1 m5 7 /ill 9 a /ate ( great ignorance conc]n+ mo/ subjects2 & if we calculate accord+ to ! progress :i* !y made s9ce t "t1 & aft]w>ds g back to ! remote/ p]iods1 we may ) tol]able exactness fix ! era :5 m5 knew no?+2 :i* is1 9 o!r words1 t ( ! infancy ( ! human race4 ,7 _! exi/5ce to be c>ri$ high]1 x is utt]ly improbable t ! mo/ useful & necess>y arts %\ld h cont9u$ unkn[n to !m ?r\gh su* a long s]ies ( ages4 ,on ! contr>y1 all t c be discov]$ by ! human m9d mu/ h be5 kn[n a long "t ago4 ,f ?is circum/ance !re=e we mu/ conclude1 t ! orig9 ( ! human race c h no o!r era ?an t :i* ,moses has assign$ x 9 8 hi/ory ( ! creation4#ba ,if x be ask$1 ,:at6 0 ,god a solit>y ,be+8 ,did he exi/ alone1 be=e ?is ex]tion ( 8 glori\s p[]8 ,=m$ z we are = society1 we h no conception ( any satisfaction aris+ f a /ate ( absolute lonel9ess2 nor c we conceive t ! ,deity %\ld re/ inactive f et]nity1 & n ex]t ^? amaz+ p[]s ( :i* ! /up5d\s creation proves he is amply possess$8 ,!re are "s p>ticul>s naturally d$ucible f que/ions l ^!1 :i* we _c solve4 ,we h no adequate appreh5sion ( et]nity2 we are lo/ 9 ! idea4 ,& :5 we attempt to contemplate ,god exi/+ f et]nity )\t cause or z beg9n+ to exi/1 we are utt]ly lo/ 9 ! speculation2 = among all ! objects t come )9 ! rea* ( our s5ses1 we see no?+ exi/+ t has n _h a cause to produce x4 ,we frequ5tly smile at *ildr51 :5 !y ask _! little simple que/ions1 z we deem !m2 b we are m]e *ildr5 ourselves1 9 ?is pr(\nd ocean ( wond]4 ,b some?+ v obs]vable /rikes an att5tive read] 9 ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation1 :i* sugge/s t ! ,deity is n a solit>y ,be+1 exi/+ 9 su* an absolute unity z to exclude all degree ( p]sonality or communion4 ,= ,elohim1 z we h already obs]v$1 ! v fir/ "n by :i* ,moses calls ,god1 be+ plural1 %[s t ?\gh he exi/s 9 an undivid$ unity ( nature1 yet 9 a ,tr9ity ( ,p]sons4 ,& ?is notion ( a plurality1 s f> f be+ contr>y to reason1 is m agreeable to x ?an any op9ion ( ! absolute unity ( ! ,div9e nature4 ,= conceive we only ?ree ,div9e p]sons mutually to p>take ( ! ,div9e ess5ce or nature1 to be unit$ by ! same p]fect w1 & to possess ! same inf9ite p[]s & p]fections2 & all our appreh5sions ( ! lonel9ess ( solit>y exi/5ce imm$iately subside2 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/1 consummately happy 9 ea* o!r1 h be5 f et]nity reciprocal objects ( complac5ce1 & w rema9 su* = ev]4 ,let ?is argum5t be fairly & imp>tially consid]$1 & ! notion ( a ,tr9ity ( ,subsi/5ces 9 a ,unity ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 w appe> f> m consonant to reason1 & liable to less objections1 ?an t ( m]e solit>y & absolute unity4#bb ,a fur!r consid]ation ( ! sugge/ion 9 ! close ( ! la/ p>agraph4 ,al?\gh no?+ c be cle>] ?an t ! ,div9e ,ess5ce is "o1 simple1 & indivisible2 yet ?is does n prev5t x f subsi/+ 9 p]sonality1 i4e4 9 a plurality ( p]sons4 ,x mu/ be c>efully obs]v$1 t ! plurality has reg>d to ! p]sons1 n to ! ,ess5ce4 ,we _c say !re is a plurality ( ,ess5ces2 b we c say1 ! ,liv+1 ,rational1 ,b5evol5t1 & ,spiritual ,ess5ce subsi/s 9 ?ree p]sons4 ,?is !n is ! ,,modus ,,exi/5di ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,al?\gh we are assur$ ?is is 8 mode ( exi/5ce1 we d n pret5d to compreh5d ! nature ( x4 ,we may1 )\t any injury to ! proposition1 affirm1 ! nature ( ! fact is incompreh5sible by creat$ intellect4 ,yet ! fact itself is suffici5tly well atte/$1 & is n repugnant to reason1 ?\gh x is above ! compreh5sion ( reason4 ,x is believ$ by _m v le>n$1 pi\s1 & em95t m51 t ! doctr9e ( a plurality ( p]sons 9 ! ,godhead1 c be e/abli%$ by an argum5tation f\nd$ solely on ! ackn[l$g$ nature ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,! ,rev4 ,,james ,,kidd1 ,pr(4 ( ,ori5tal ,languages1 ,m>is*al ,college & ,univ]sity1 ,ab]de51 ) ! approbation ( _m le>n$ m5 9 ,engl&1 among :om is ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke1 9 ^: h\se he deliv]$ private lectures on 8 manuscript1 has publi%$ a v able & satisfactory essay on ?is plan1 ( :i* a brief clue to ! mode ( argum5tation is "h attempt$4 ,a4 ,! ,div9e ,be+ is a necess>ily exi/5t1 & an et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably ,liv+1 ,intellig5t1 ,rational1 ,moral1 ,b5evol5t1 & ,spiritual ,ess5ce4 ,b4 ,! v ,,law ( ! nature ( su* a be+1 is et]nal1 imm5se1 & immutable ,,activity1 ,,en]gy1 & ,,effici5cy1 ex]cis$ et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably1 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,8 ,,own ,,nature4 ,c4 ,t su* a be+ ,,0 z necess>ily exi/5t1 p]fect1 & happy1 ,,be=e creation1 & provid5ce z s9ce2 & w\ld =ev] cont9ue z necess>ily exi/5t1 p]fect1 & happy1 if creation & provid5ce %\ld cease to be4 ,^! ?ree propositions are s obvi\sly true1 e read] w readily & cordially grant !m4 ,x is propos$1 !re=e1 to %[1 f ! nature ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 t 8 ,ess5ce ,,mu/ subsi/ 9 a plurality ( p]sons4 ,! proposition does n contemplate an explanation ( ! mann] ( ?is subsi/5ce2 nor1 at pres5t1 ! numb] ( p]sons2 b ! simple fact1 ,t ,,f ,,! ,,v ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,div9e ,,be+1 ,,8 ,,ess5ce ,,mu/ ,,subsi/ ,,9 ,,plural ,,p]sonality4 ,! exi/5ce ( a be+1 or ! possession1 or ex]cise ( any pr9ciple1 passion or attribute1 implies p]sonality1 or individual id5tity1 :i* is ! same ?+4 ,! m9d _c conceive ( exi/5ce1 passion1 pr9ciple1 or action1 )\t conceiv+ ( !m inh]+ 9 actually exi/+ ,ess5ce1 :i* mu/ assume 9 ! m9d ! idea ( p]sonality4 ,!re=e1 p]sonality is /rictly1 & prop]ly applicable to ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,b ! doctr9e ( a plural p]sonality is to be e/abli%$ at pres5t4 ,x w be easily conceiv$1 & readily grant$1 t a be+ :i* exi/s necess>ily1 et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably1 z a ,liv+1 ,intellig5t1 ,rational1 ,moral1 ,b5evol5t1 & ,spiritual ,ess5ce1 mu/ h ex]cis$ ,himself1 & 8 p]fections1 necess>ily1 et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably4 ,?is !n is grant$4 ,b ! m9d w readily & easily p]ceive1 t ! ,div9e ,be+ c\ld n h ex]cis$ ,himself ,,?us1 9 ! works ( ,creation & ,provid5ce4 ,because1 x is readily admitt$1 !re 0 a "t :5 ,creation & ,provid5ce began3 dur+ a :ole et]nity beyond ?is p]iod1 !re 0 no exi/5ce except ,god ,himself4 ,consequ5tly1 ,he _c h be5 ex]cis$ accord+ to 8 own nature & p]fections1 et]nally1 9 ref]5ce to ,creation & ,provid5ce4 ,aga93 ,he _c h ex]cis$ 8 p]fections imm5sely1 9 ref]5ce to ,creation & ,provid5ce3 because1 h[ev] ext5sive we may conceive ! empire ( ,creation & ,provid5ce to be1 x is n imm5se2 x is actually limit$1 &1 !re=e1 c\ld n admit ( an imm5se ex]cise ( 8 nature & p]fections4 ,x is readily grant$1 t ! ,div9e ,be+ 0 z necess>ily1 & p]fectly happy be=e ,creation & ,provid5ce z s9ce2 & if ,creation & ,provid5ce %\ld cease1 8 happ9ess w\ld cont9ue ! same3 h5ce1 x foll[s1 necess>ily1 t ! happ9ess ( ! ,div9e ,be+ 01 is1 & ev] w be entirely indep5d5t ( ,creation & ,provid5ce4 ,b ! happ9ess ( any be+ consi/s1 ess5tially1 9 ! ex]cise ( its p[]s & p]fections accord+ to ! law ( its own nature4 ,& z x has be5 %[n1 t ! happ9ess ( ! ,div9e ,be+ is et]nal1 imm5se1 & immutable1 x foll[s1 ,he mu/ h ex]cis$ ,himself et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably4 ,z x has be5 grant$1 ,t f ! v nature ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 ,he mu/ h be5 et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably active & happy1 accord+ to ! law ( 8 own nature3 & x has be5 prov51 ,t ,he c\ld n h be5 et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably active & happy1 9 ref]5ce to ,creation & ,provid5ce1 x foll[s1 necess>ily1 t ! means & pr9ciples ( ^! et]nal1 imm5se1 & immutable activity & happ9ess1 mu/ exi/ ,,9 ,,8 ,,own ,,con/itution1 & be ex]cis$ entirely ,,)9 ,himself4 ,?is conclusion _c be d5i$1 grant+ ! premises 9 ! propositions ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 9 ref]5ce to ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,x rema9s to be prov51 ,t su* pr9ciples1 & means ( et]nal1 imm5se & immutable activity & happ9ess _c be conceiv$ ( 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 )\t conceiv+ 8 ess5ce to subsi/ 9 plural p]sonality4 ,! consid]ation simply ( ! nature & et]nal activity ( ! ,div9e ,be+ w\ld e/abli% ! idea ( plural p]sonality 9 8 ,ess5ce3 because ! m9d _c conceive1 t ! same s+le be+ c be bo? ag5t & object1 9 ref]5ce to ! same action4 ,& z x has be5 prov51 t previ\s to ! exi/5ce ( ,creation & ,provid5ce1 ,god exi/$ et]nally alone1 consequ5tly1 no possible =m ( exi/5ce b ,himself1 & yet he 0 et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably active & happy2 x w foll[ irresi/ibly1 t !re mu/ be a plurality 9 8 s+le ,ess5ce2 & ! m9d naturally assumes1 ?is plurality is p]sonal2 z x _c conceive ( activity1 & happ9ess )\t conceiv+ !m to belong to p]son1 or p]sons4 ,& z action implies bo? ag5t1 & an object di/9ct f ! ag5t2 & !re be+ no su* ag5t1 or object exi/+ )\t ! ,div9e ,be+1 x mu/ be inf]$1 t ^! ag5t & object1 conc]n$ 9 ! et]nal activity & happ9ess ( 8 nature1 mu/ exi/ inh]5tly1 et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably ,,)9 ,himself4 ,?us we are ,,compell$ to admit a plurality ( p]sons 9 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,x w be recollect$1 ! ,div9e ,be+ has n only ex]cis$ ,himself et]nally1 b also imm5sely1 accord+ to ! law ( 8 own nature & p]fections3 i4e4 ,he has necess>ily1 & et]nally ex]cis$ ,himself to ! ext5t ( 8 nature & p]fections4 ,?is w be readily admitt$ :5 we reflect1 t unless we admit ! ex]cise ( ! nature & p]fections ( ,god to _! full ext5t1 we mu/ admit a r$undancy 9 ! ,div9e ,nature1 & p]fections1 :i* w\ld be manife/ly absurd1 z x w\ld imply imp]fection4 ,= x w\ld imply 7if we may d>e say s7 t !re is an effici5cy1 or ability 9 ! ,div9e ,be+1 :i* ,he has nev] ex]cis$ to its full ext5t2 & 9 proportion to ! defici5cy 9 ! ex]cise1 we mu/ conclude ?is effici5cy or ability is useless1 :i* w\ld be repugnant to ! true idea ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,x is !re=e1 prov51 ,t ! ,div9e ,be+ necess>ily ex]cis$ ,himself imm5sely1 because 8 nature1 & p]fections are imm5se4 ,b x w be readily p]ceiv$1 ?is c\ld n be done 9 ! works ( ,creation & ,provid5ce3 because1 h[ev] va/ !y may be1 !y are n imm5se3 &1 !re=e1 c\ld n admit ( ! imm5se ex]cise ( 8 nature & p]fections to _! full ext5t3 f :i* x mu/ foll[1 inevitably1 ,t ! imm5se ex]cise ( 8 own nature & p]fections mu/ be ,,)9 ,himself4 ,z x has already be5 prov5 above1 t ?is int]nal ex]cise 9 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce necess>ily implies plurality 9 ! ,godhead2 s n[ also1 is x prov51 t ! admission ( su* plurality is ! only view compet5t to %[ ,,h[ ! ,div9e ,be+ c\ld h ex]cis$ 8 own nature & p]fections imm5sely1 z ! attribute ( imm5sity app]ta9s to ,god only4 ,z x is grant$1 t ! ,div9e ,be+ 0 necess>ily z happy be=e ,creation & ,provid5ce z s9ce1 & w\ld cont9ue s1 %\ld ,creation & ,provid5ce cease2 ( c\rse 8 happ9ess consi/s 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 own nature & p]fections accord+ to _! own law4 ,b1 9 ord] t ! ,div9e ,be+ %\ld be et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably happy1 ! ,,:ole ( ! ,div9e ,nature & p]fections mu/ be ex]cis$ et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably4 ,b if we dive/ ! ,div9e ,ess5ce ( its plural p]sonality1 we _c conceive t "s ( ! div9e p]fections c be ex]cis$ at all4 ,= example3 ! div9e goodness1 love1 wisdom1 intellig5ce1 & all 8 moral p]fections4 ,we surely _c say1 ,he manife/s 8 goodness to ,himself2 or ex]cises 8 love t[>ds ,himself2 or employs 8 wisdom 9 und]/&+ ,himself2 all ( :i* ideas are obvi\sly absurd4 ,b s soon z we admit ! idea ( a plural p]sonality1 or ! subsi/5ce ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce 9 a plurality ( p]sons1 we c conceive ! moral p]fections ex]cis$ 9 ,himself1 betwe5 ! p]sons ( ! ,godhead4 ,?is is ! only gr\nd on :i* we c conceive ( 8 et]nal1 imm5se1 & immutable happ9ess4 ,= we c readily conceive ( ! di/9ct p]sons 9 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 communicat+ mutually to ea* o!r ! :ole ( ! div9e moral p]fections2 & ?us conceive ( ! p]fect & indep5d5t happ9ess ( ,god4 ,! only rema9+ view ( ?is subject w\ld be ?is3 ! activity1 en]gy1 & influ5ce ( ! ,div9e ,be+ c only reg>d ,creation & ,provid5ce4 ,b z !re 0 a pa/ et]nity be=e ,creation & ,provid5ce began1 9 :i* ! ,div9e ,be+ exi/$1 ,he mu/ be consid]$ z hav+ be5 inactive1 solit>y1 & unconsci\s2 7because !re _c be consci\sness :]e !re is n action17 ! :ole & e "p ( :i* view is d]ogatory to ! ackn[l$g$ "* ( ,god4 ,h[ mu* m reasonable is x to conceive ! ,div9e ,ess5ce to subsi/ 9 a plurality ( p]sons1 & ?us to conceive1 consi/5tly1 ( ! et]nal1 imm5se1 & immutable activity & happ9ess ( ! ,div9e ,be+8 ,?us we see1 t :at ! ,scriptures decl>e conc]n+ ! plurality ( p]sons 9 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 ,,_c ,,be ,,o!rwise1 ,,z ,,is ,,demon/rat$ ,,above1 ,,f ,,! ,,necess>y ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,glori\s ,,div9ity4 ,! demon/ration might be ext5d$ to ea* ( ! div9e p]fections1 & ! same result w\ld be obta9$4 ,! above rem>ks are a m]e clue to ! argum5t :i* is possible1 & satisfactory2 f\nd$ on ! necess>y nature ( ,jehovah4 ,! key to ! :ole demon/ration is ?is3 #a4 ,! ,div9e ,be+1 f 8 v & necess>y nature1 mu/ be et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably active4 #b4 ,he mu/ be et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably happy4 #c4 ,9 ord] to be et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably active & happy1 ,he mu/ be ex]cis$ to ! :ole ext5t ( 8 nature & p]fections1 et]nally1 imm5sely1 & immutably4 #d4 ,t su* an ex]cise ( 8 nature & p]fections1 9 an et]nal1 imm5se1 & immutable mann]1 _c be1 9 reg>d to ,creation & ,provid5ce2 because1 ,creation & ,provid5ce are n et]nal1 imm5se1 & immutable4 #e4 ,z !re 0 n any ?+ be=e ,creation & ,provid5ce1 b ,god ,himself1 x mu/ foll[1 necess>ily1 t ! et]nal1 imm5se1 & immutable activity & happ9ess ( ! ,div9e ,be+ 7 ,,)9 ,himself entirely4 #f4 ,z x is impossible = ! human intellect to conceive1 t a be+ c be bo? ag5t & object1 9 ! same action1 & ! activity ( ! ,div9e ,be+ has be5 %[n to h be5 )9 ,himself entirely2 x foll[s1 ,,t ,,! ,,div9e ,,ess5ce ,,mu/ ,,h ,,subsi/$ ,,et]nally1 ,,imm5sely1 ,,& ,,immutably ,,9 ,a ,,plurality4 #g4 ,& z ! m9d is =c$ to admit a plurality 9 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 x naturally1 & necess>ily assumes ,,p]sons = ?is plurality2 & ?us concludes1 ,!re mu/ be a plurality ( p]sons 9 ! ,godhead z ! ,scriptures decl>e4 ,f ! =ego+ elem5ts ( ! argum5t1 x w be v easy to obs]ve1 if a plurality mu/ be admitt$1 !re is no objection 9 ! m9d to admit x is triple2 & h5ce1 z ! sub/ance ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce has be5 %[n to exi/ necess>ily 9 a plurality1 ! m9d conceives a triple plurality1 z easy z any o!r1 & ?us conceives ! reasonabl5ess ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity4 ,! mo/ successful argum5t aga9/ ?is conclusion is ?is3 ,x is impossible to conceive h[ ?ree c be "o4 ,?is is admitt$1 :5 ! objects designat$ by 8?ree0 are ! same z ! object designat$ by 8"o40 ,b ?is is n ! case 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity4 ,! t]m ,tr9ity applies to ! p]sons 9 :i* ! ,div9e ,ess5ce subsi/s1 & n to ! ess5ce itself4 ,s ! t]m ,unity applies to ! ,ess5ce only1 & n to ! p]sons4 ,?is simple di/9ction removes ! :ole =ce ( ! objection4 ,! ,unit>ians1 !re=e1 d u wrong :5 !y say1 we believe ?ree are "o4 ,& ,tr9it>ians d !mselves wrong :5 !y say1 to ! ?ree "o ,god3 because1 x is n true t !re is a 8?ree "o ,god40 ,b x is a glori\s tru?1 ,,t ,,! ,,div9e ,,ess5ce ,,subsi/s ,,9 ,,?ree ,,p]sons1 ,,et]nally1 ,,imm5sely1 ,,& ,,immutably4 ,x is v natural to suppose1 t ,god imp>t$ a k ( ,himself to our fir/ p>5ts 9 ,p>adise4 ,! ,scriptures cle>ly support ?is supposition4 ,?is k w\ld1 ( c\rse1 include ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2 & we _c admit = a mom5t1 t s important a doctr9e z ! plurality ( p]sons 9 ! ,godhead1 c\ld h be5 :olly lo/ by mank9d1 ?\gh x might become obscur$4 ,accord+ly we f9d ! tradition>y rema9s ( ?is doctr9e ?r\gh\t ! ,old ,_w4 8,! ,h9doos0 says ,m4 ,son]at1 8adore ?ree pr9cipal ,deities1 ,br\ma1 ,s*iv51 & ,vi*5\1 :o are /ill b "o2 :i* k9d ( ,tr9ity is !re call$ ,trimurti1 & signifies ! re-union ( ^? p[]s4 ,! g5]ality ( ,indians at pres5t1 adore only "o ( ^! ?ree div9ities2 b "s le>n$ m51 beside ?is wor%ip1 also address _! pray]s to ! ?ree unit$4 ,! repres5tation ( !m is to be se5 9 _m pagodas1 "u t ( human figures ) ?ree heads1 :i* on ! coa/ ( ,orissa1 !y call ,s>ih>abrama1 on ! ,corom&el coa/1 ,trim\rti10 c4 ,?is acc\nt ( ,m4 ,son]at is v p]t95t1 & is confirm$ by ,dr4 ,bu*anan :o made ext5sive rese>*es 9 t c\ntry4 ,see 8 ,/> 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! same tradition is f\nd 9 ,*9a4 8,among ! anci5t ,*9ese *>act]s0 says ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 8:i* h be5 pres]v$1 we f9d ! foll[+ l ! ,greek delta4 ,accord+ to ! ,*9ese diction>y ,kang-hi1 ?is "* signifies union4 ,accord+ to ,*\e\51 a celebrat$ "w1 is ?ree unit$ 9 "o4 ,! ,lie\-*\-ts+-ho51 :i* is a rational & le>n$ explanation ( anci5t *>act]s1 says2 8 signifies intimate union1 h>mony1 ! *ief good ( man1 ( ! heav51 & ( ! e>?2 x is ! union ( ?ree40 ,lao-tse says2 8,he :o is z visible1 & yet _c be se51 is d5om9at$ lie\2 he :o c be he>d1 & yet speaks n to ! e>s1 hi2 he :o is tangible1 & yet _c be felt1 is nam$ ouei3 9 va9 d y consult y\r s5ses ab\t ^! ?ree2 y\r reason alone c disc\rse ( !m1 & x w tell y !y are b "o10 c4 ,"o ( ! mission>ies at ,pek+1 :o wrote ! lett]s f :i* ,i h made ! above extracts1 takes x = grant$1 8t ! my/]y ( ! ,tr9ity 0 kn[n among ! anci5t ,*9ese1 & t ! "* 0 its symbol40 ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 on ! #a/ *ap4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is same tradition 9 ,*9a is convey$ to u ?r\gh ano!r *annel4 8,x 0 ! lead+ feature 9 ,lao-,kiun's sy/em ( philosophical !ology1 & a s5t5ce :i* he cont9ually repeat$ z ! f\ndation ( all true wisdom1 t ,,tao1 ! et]nal reason1 produc$ ,,"o2 "o produc$ ,,two2 two produc$ ,,?ree2 & ,,?ree produc$ all ?+s40 ,le ,compt's ,memoirs ( ,*9a4 ,traditions ( ?is doctr9e are f\nd also 9 ,*aldea & ,p]sia inde$ ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/2 f :5ce all agree !y 7 import$1 ?r\gh ,phnicia1 into ,egypt1 & !nce into ,greece4 ,! great & orig9al s\rces ( in=mation be+ 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,euphrates1 :]e ! fir/ po/-diluvian families resid$2 & ! mighty intellects :i* 7 to influ5ce ! _w1 by ! mat]ials :i* 7 drawn f !nce1 be+ 9 ,greece1 ! consequ5ce 01 we f9d ! ,grecian philosoph]s travell+ up ! /reams ( k to ! f\nta9s1 & !nce return+ to enlight5 ! _w by ! results ( _! rese>*es4 ,= example3 ,py?agoras1 ,plato1 & o!rs visit$ ,egypt fir/1 !nce to ,phnicia1 & !nce to ,*aldea1 & ! ,ea/1 f :5ce !y und\bt$ly drew _! !ology4 7,nor %\ld x be =gott5 t _! philosophy 0 !ological47 ,! concurr5t te/imony ( hi/ory e/abli%es ?is fact4 ,! consequ5ce ( all ?is is1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 0 kn[n to ! ,greek philosoph]s1 :o pres]v$ x to ! _w 9 _! incomp>able writ+s1 a collat]al te/imony ( ! au!nticity ( ! ,scripture doctr9e4 ,= ?is op9ion we h ! highe/ au?ority 9 ! republic ( lett]s4 8,x is said t ! fir/ ,*ri/ians borr[$ _! notion ( a ,triune ,god f ! lat] ,platoni/s2 & t we he> n ( a ,tr9ity 9 ! *ur* till conv]ts 7 made f ! s*ool ( ,alex&ria4 ,b if ?is be ! case we may prop]ly ask1 ,:5ce _h ^? ,platoni/s ! doctr9e8 8,x is n surely s simple1 or s obvi\s z to h occurr$ to ! reason+ m9d ( a pagan philosoph]2 or if x be1 :y d ,unit>ians suppose x to involve a contradiction8--,! ,platonic & ,py?agorean ,tr9ities nev] c\ld h occurr$ to ! m9d ( him1 :o1 m]ely f ! works ( creation1 endeavor$ to discov] ! be+ & attributes ( ,god2 & !re=e z ^? philosoph]s travell$ into ,egypt & ! ,ea/ 9 que/ ( k1 x appe>s to u 9 ! highe/ degree probable1 t !y pick$ up ?is my/]i\s & sublime doctr9e 9 ^? regions :]e x _h be5 h&$ d[n z a dogma f ! remote/ ages1 & :]e we "k sci5ce 0 n taught sy/ematically1 b detail$ 9 collections ( s5t5ti\s maxims1 & tradition>y op9ions4 ,if ?is be s we _c d\bt b t ! pagan tr9ities _h _! orig9 9 "s primeval revelation4 ,no?+ else inde$ c acc\nt = a doctr9e s remote f human imag9ation1 & ( :i* we f9d ve/iges 9 ! sacr$ books ( almo/ e civiliz$ p ( antiquity4 ,! corrupt /ate 9 :i* x is view$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,plato & o!rs1 is ! natural consequ5ce ( its desc5t ?r\gh a long c\rse ( oral tradition4 ,! ,tr9ity ( ,platonism !re=e1 in/ead ( be+ an objection1 l5ds1 9 our op9ion1 no feeble support to ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 s9ce x af=ds almo/ a complete pro( ( t doctr9e hav+ made a "p ( ! fir/ revelation to man40 ,ency4 ,brit4 ,art4 ,,!ology4 8,"s h inde$ pret5d$1 t ! ,tr9ity1 :i* is commonly call$ ,platonic1 0 a fiction ( ! lat] ,platoni/s1 unkn[n to ! f\nd] ( ! s*ool3 b any p]son :o w take ! tr\ble to /udy ! writ+s ( ,plato w f9d abundant evid5ce t he really ass]t$ ,a ,,triad ,,( ,,div9e ,,hypo/ases1 all conc]n$ 9 ! =mation1 & gov]nm5t ( ! _w40 ,ency4 ,brit4 ,art4 ,,platonism4 8,py?agoras1 ?\gh inf]ior to ,plato 9 reputation1 & liv$ be=e him1 held ! same doctr9e1 & d]iv$ x f ! same s\rces4 ,he visit$ ,egypt1 ,p]sia1 ,*aldea1 c1 & !nce return$ to ,greece40 ,ency4 ,brit4 ,art4 ,,py?agoras4 ,^! quotations are directly f ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 ?an :i* no au?ority c be bett]4 ,i might increase ! quotations to ! same effect f ,dr4 ,oglevie1 ! le>n$ ,cudwor? & o!rs1 7 x necess>y4 ,! above is ?\ght suffici5t to e/abli% ! fact1 ,t ! doctr9e ( a ,tr9ity 9 ,unity 0 once preval5t 9 ! ,pagan _w1 & t rema9s & traditions ( x are yet abundant ?r\gh all ! ,ea/1 :]e ! revelations ( ,god 7 made to mank9d4 ,if x be ask$1 8,:y did ,god conceal himself f et]nity till )9 six ?\s& ye>s2 =1 accord+ to ,div9e revelation1 x is n yet s long s9ce ! _w 0 made80 ,i answ]1 ,god is at p]fect lib]ty to d :at he pleases1 to d x :5 he pleases1 & to give no acc\nt ( ! reasons ( 8 conduct4 ,if he _h pleas$ to create ! _w z _m millions ( ye>s soon]1 z !re h be5 days s9ce its creation1 ! same "q might h be5 ask$1 ,:y did he n create ! _w soon]1 & !reby discov] himself8 ,= ! longe/ "t t c be imag9$ is j z no?+ 9 comp>ison ) et]nity4 ,if ,god _h pleas$1 he might h conceal$ 8 exi/5ce & p]fections to all et]nity1 or1 9 o!r words1 nev] h made any ?+4 ,see+ !re=e x 0 only ( 8 sov]eign pleasure t he made creatures1 to :om he might manife/ himself1 surely he _h a "r to fix on ! "t = do+ x4 ,we are sure he is inf9itely wise1 & consequ5tly all 8 works are done 9 ! fitte/ "t1 & be/ mann]4 ,god made ! _w1 n because he ne$$ ! praise or s]vice ( creatures to add to 8 bless$ness2 = he :o is self-exi/5t mu/ necess>ily be inf9itely p]fect & absolutely indep5d5t2 & w\ld always h rema9$ ! same happy ,be+1 enjoy+ 8 own excell5cies & p]fections1 _h no creature ev] be5 made4 ,b x 0 = ! manife/+ ( 8 own glori\s attributes1 & communicat+ happ9ess to creatures capable ( x1 t he1 9 ! beg9n+1 creat$ ?is magnific5t fabric ( ! heav5s & ! e>?1 ) all ?+s !re91 :e!r visible or invisible1 animate or inanimate1 mat]ial sub/ances or immat]ial spirits4 ,= he creat$ be+s ( diff]5t ranks & p[]s1 to :om he might manife/ himself1 or communicate 8 goodness4 ,"s ( ^! 7 pure intellectual spirits1 fit = ! felicity & employm5ts ( ! heav5ly /ate1 to /& 9 8 imm$iate pres5ce1 & execute 8 righte\s comm&s3 b ^! 7 creat$ be=e ! sol> sy/em2 = ! angels1 ^? 8sons ( ,god10 call$ 8morn+ />s10 7 pres5t1 & sung toge!r = joy1 :5 8! f\ndations0 ( ?is _w 7 laid4 ,o!rs he =m$ out ( ! e>?1 ) life1 s5se1 & in/9ct1 b de/itute ( reason1 design+ !m to be subs]vi5t to ! necessities or conv5i5ces ( a high] ord] ( be+s4 ,besides ^! he creat$ o!r be+s ( a middle rank1 p>tak+ ( an e>?ly "p1 fa%ion$ ) inf9ite skill & art1 ( exquisite symmetry1 & adorn$ ) great ext]nal beauty2 & ( a spiritual "p ak9 to angels1 & b little inf]ior to !m1 be+ 9 _! con/itution a comp\nd ( ! animal & angelic natures4 ,x is n by reason alone !n1 or ! light ( hea!n philosophy1 b 8?r\gh fai?10 9 ! infallible te/imony ( ,div9e revelation1 8we und]/& t ! worlds 7 fram$ by ! ^w ( ,god1 s t ?+s :i* are se5 7 n made ( ?+s :i* d appe>40 ,! sun1 moon1 />s1 & e>?1 :i* we see1 7 n made ( matt] :i* _h exi/$ f et]nity1 z "s ( ! hea!n philosoph]s suppos$1 b ( :at ,god creat$ ant]ior to ! =mation ( ^? wond]ful orbs4 ,! ^w 1 fram$1 signifies n only to make or produce simply1 b prop]ly to place or set 9 jo9t ! p>ts ( any body or ma*9e 9 _! "r ord]4 ,accord+ly ,plato says1 t 9 mak+ ! _w1 ,god proce$$ ) ! exactness ( a geometrician1 arrang+ e ?+ 9 complete symmetry4 ,all ?is 0 done by ! ^w ( ,god1 :i* is n to be und]/ood ( any articulate s\nd1 b ( ! simple act ( 8 own w2 he will$ ! univ]se1 ) all its v>iety ( furniture1 into exi/5ce4 ,& ?is is a matt] ( fai?1 to be believ$2 n to be kn[n by m]e reason2 = reason1 )\t fai?1 c appreh5d a =mation ( ?+s f matt] previ\sly made ready4 ,a pi\s expositor v ju/ly obs]ves1 ,by fai? ass5t+ to ,div9e revelation1 & n by reason we und]/& ! tru? & wond]s1 ! reasons & causes1 ! mann] & end1 ( ! creation ( ! _w4 ,reason inde$ tells u t !re 0 a creation1 consequ5tly a ,creator2 b reason )\t ,div9e revelation c\ld nev] h discov]$ ! circum/ances & mann] ( ! creation1 :i* :olly dep5d$ ^u ! w ( ,god4 ,reason c\ld nev] h kn[n !m1 if ,god _h n 9 8 ^w fir/ reveal$ !m4 ,reason may prop\nd ! "q1 ,h[ 0 ! _w made1 & all ?+s !re98 ,b revelation mu/ resolve x4 8,oh ,"l my ,god1 ?\ art v great2 ?\ art clo!d ) honor & maje/y4 ,:o cov]e/ ?yself ) light z ) a g>m5t3 :o /ret*e/ out ! heav5s l a curta93 :o laye? ! beams ( 8 *amb]s 9 ! wat]s3 :o make? ! cl\ds 8 *>iot3 :o walke? ^u ! w+s ( ! w9d3 :o make? 8 angels spirits2 8 m9i/]s a flam+ fire3 :o laid ! f\ndations ( ! e>?1 t x %\ld n be mov$ = ev]4 ,?\ cov]$/ x ) a g>m5t3 ! wat]s /ood above ! m\nta9s4 ,at ?y rebuke !y fl$2 at ! voice ( ?y ?und] !y ha/$ away4 ,!y g up by ! m\nta9s2 !y g d[n by ! valleys unto ! place :i* ?\ ha/ f\nd$ = !m4 ,?\ ha/ set a b\nd t !y may n pass ov]2 t !y turn n aga9 to cov] ! e>?40 ,su* is ! sublime language ( ,div9e revelation6 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnotes - ,*apt] ,i #a ,z ! "n ,jehovah1 9 ! ,hebrew consi/s ( f\r lett]s1 s = ! mo/ "p ! "n ( ! supreme ,be+ does 9 all languages4 ,?us among ! ,p]sians1 ! "n is 2 among ! ,arabians1 ,alla2 among ! ,assyrians1 ,adad2 among ! ,egyptians1 or ) ! ,grecians1 2 ! ,lat9s1 ,deus2 ! ,fr5*1 ,dieu2 ! ,spani>ds1 ,dios2 ! ,italians1 ,idio2 & ) ! ,g]mans1 ,gott4 ,! "n ,jehovah is writt5 diff]5tly4 ,san*onia?on writes x ,jevo2 ,diodorus ! ,sicilian1 ,macrobius1 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 ,j]ome1 & ,orig51 ,jao2 ,epiphanius1 ,!odoret1 & ! ,sam>itans1 ,jab or ,jave3 we f9d likewise ,jahoh1 ,javo1 ,ja\1 ,jaod4 ,lewis ,capellus is = ,javo2 ,drusius = ,jav2 ,m]c] = ,jehevah3 ,hott+] ,jehra4 ,! ,moors call _! ,god ,juba1 :om "s believe to be ,jehovah4 ,! ,lat9s probably took _! ,juvis or ,jovis ,pat] f ,jehovah4 ,x is c]ta9 t ^! f\r lett]s may likewise be express$ by ,javo1 ,jaho1 ,jaon1 ,jevo1 ,jav1 ,jehvah1 c4 ,mussulm5 frequ5tly use ! "n ,hu1 or ,h\1 :i* has almo/ ! same signification z ,jehovah1 i4e4 ,he :o is4 ,b ! great "n ( ,god is ,allah1 :i* !y pron\nce (t51 & h great confid5ce 94 ,among ! ,arabians1 & all ,mahometans ! "n ,allah corresponds ) ! ,elohim & ,adonai ( ! ,hebrews1 & ev5 t ( ,jehovah4 ,see ,calmet's ,diction>y4 #b ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke on ,exod4 xxxiv1 #f1 #g4 #c ,philo-,biblius seems to intimate1 t ! ,god ( ! ,phnicians 0 anci5tly call$ by ! "n ,jehovah2 & t ,jevo1 ,javo1 m rec5tly us$ by !m1 is a corruption ( x2 = x is said1 t ,j]ombalus :o suppli$ ,san*onia?on ) mat]ials = 8 ,phnician hi/ory1 0 a prie/ ( ! ,god ,jevo4 ,euseb4 ,prp4 ,evang4 lib4 i4 c4 #i4 #d 8,on ! front ( ! fam\s temple ( ,apollo1 at ,delphos1 0 grav5 ! ,greek ^w 7:i* signifies ?\ art1 be+ ! second p]son s+ul> ( ! v]b 47 ,! le>n$ among ! ,philosoph]s labor$ long to discov] its mean+1 ea* giv+ 8 own op9ion2 b c\ld n f9d x out1 until ,plut>* 7:o travell$ into ,egypt & ,greece = in/ruction 9 anci5t sci5ces & o!r ?+s7 meet+ ) t passage 9 ! writ+s ( ,moses1 :]e ,god manife/$ himself by say+1 ,i ,,am ,,t ,i ,,am2 he 0 /ruck ) x1 & hav+ x expla9$ to him1 he !n conceiv$ ! true & exalt$ s5se ( ! ^w 1 engrav$ on ! front ( ! temple4 ,x impli$1 z x 71 an admonition to ^? :o 7 ab\t to ent] ! temple1 to wor%ip ,god1 :o is ! only self-exi/5t ,be+ 9 ! univ]se40 ,creighton's ,enquiry into ! ,orig9 ( ,true ,religion1 p4 #ba4 ,second ,edition4 ,on a temple d$icat$ to ,nei?a1 at ,sais1 ! *ief t[n 9 ,l[] ,egypt1 0 ?is inscription3 8,i am :atev] is1 or has be51 or w be1 & no mortal has hi!rto drawn aside my veil2 my (fspr+ is ! sun40 ,x appe>s highly probable t ! anci5t ,egyptians ackn[l$g$ an active z well z a passive pr9ciple 9 nature1 &1 z ,plut>* ass]ts1 wor%ipp$ 1 ! supreme ,deity4 ,enfield's ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #gf1 #gg4 #e ,norris on ,reason & ,religion4 ,contemp4 i4 #f ,allix's ,judgm5t ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur* aga9/ ! ,unit>ians1 p4 #aaf4 ,edit4 #afii4 ,see also p4 #aai4 ,simpson's ,apology = ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 p4 #cgi1 #chj4 #g ,rabbi ,simeon ,b5 ,jo*ai1 9 ,zo>1 on ! six? section ( ,leviticus4 ,see ,a9swor?'s ,annotations on ! place4 #h ,demon/ration ( ! ,messias1 ,"p iii4 p1 #agj1 #aga4 ,edit4 #agjj4 #i ,jones on ! ,tr9ity1 *ap4 iii4 sect4 #a4 #aj ,allix4 p4 #acb4 #aa ,g54 i1 #bf2 iii1 #bb2 xi1 #g2 xx1 #ac2 xxxi1 #ec2 xxxv1 #g2 ,deut4 iv1 #g2 v1 #bc2 ,jo%4 xxiv1 #ai2 #a ,sam4 iv1 #h2 #b ,sam4 vii1 #bc2 ,psal4 lviii1 #ab2 ,isai4 vi1 #h2 ,j]4 x1 #aj2 xxiii1 #cf2 ,see ,prov4 ix1 #aj2 xxx1 #c2 ,psal4 cxlix1 #b2 ,eccl4 v1 #g2 xii1 #a3 ,job v1 #a2 ,isai4 vi1 #c2 liv1 #e2 ,hos4 xi1 #ab1 or xii1 #a2 ,mal4 i1#f2 ,dan4 vii1 #ah1 #bb1 #be2 ,hebrew ,lexicon1 p4 #ai4 ,edit4 #ahaa4 ,see also ,mr4 ,p>khur/'s pamphlet aga9/ ,dr4 ,prie/ly & ,mr4 ,wakefield1 p4 #c-i1 & p4 #adh1 c4 #ab ,ridley's ,eight ,disc\rses1 p4 #gi4 #ac ,see ,allix's ,judgm5t ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 p4 #aah4 #ad ,pr(essor ,kidd's ,essay on ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 p4 #deb4 #ae ,jones on ! ,tr9ity4 #af ,ganganelli's ,lett]s4 #ag ,rev4 ,hugh ,knox's ,s]mons4 #ah ,gray's ,key to ! ,old ,te/am5t4 #ai ,m4 ,pascal's ,?\ghts4 #bj ,see ,gray's ,key1 ,notes1 p4 #hb-hc4 #ba ,see ,/urm4 vol4 iv4 p4 #bff4 #bb ,*ri/ian's ,magaz9e1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ig1 #ih4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,fir/ ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,*aos4 ,inquiry into ! orig9 ( ?+s natural to man -- ,"* ( ,moses z a sacr$ hi/orian important -- ,explanation ( ! t]m ,creat$ -- ,*aotic /ate ( ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( matt] -- ,influ5ce ( ! ,_s ( ,god ^u ! *aotic mass -- ,op9ions ( ! anci5ts -- ,similitude betwe5 ! fir/ & second creation -- ,ag5cy ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! "w ( reg5]ation ass]t$ & prov$4 ,z creatures possess$ ( consci\s exi/5ce1 & furni%$ ) bo? intellectual & moral p[]s1 x is v natural = u to inquire into ! orig9 & fir/ /ate ( ?+s2 &1 :5 difficulties pres5t !mselves1 to meet ) cle> & satisfactory solutions ( !m1 remov+ ! d>kness 9 :i* !y 7 envelop$1 af=ds to reflect+ m9ds a high gratification4 ,)\t ! aid ( div9e revelation1 ! creation ( ! _w w\ld h be5 involv$ 9 unc]ta9ty1 & our unassi/$ reason left to speculate 9 fields ( wide conjecture4 ,b 9 foll[+ ! lum9\s tor* ( sacr$ communication1 we are safely conduct$ to ! fir/ great ,cause1 by ^: almighty fiat matt] 0 call$ into exi/5ce1 & aft]w>ds dispos$ & modifi$ accord+ to ! plan devis$ by ! et]nal ,m9d4 ,moses1 consid]$ z a man ( sci5tific habits1 be+ well v]s$ 9 all ! 8wisdom ( ! ,egyptians0--ma!matical1 physical1 moral1 & div9e2 c\ld n b "k t 8 cosmogony w\ld h to pass ! ordeal ( critical inve/igation1 & und]go ! be/ ( philosophical inquiry3 t contempor>ies1 z well z future & remote nations & g5]ations1 w\ld m9utely exam9e 8 hi/orical record2 & sci5ce1 9 its progressive /ate ( improvem5t1 try ! validity ( 8 sy/em3 t x w\ld meet ! inquisitive eye ( g5ius & le>n+1 & fall into ! h&s ( bo? s9c]e fri5ds & insidi\s enemies to religi\s tru?3 t c&or w\ld pati5tly se>* into its pret5sions1 imp>tially weigh its evid5ce1 & sob] inquiry respect its claims3 :ile n>r[ prejudice1 bl9d bigotry1 or sup]/iti\s en?usiasm1 w\ld dispute its au?ority1 d5y its v]acity1 & disda9fully reject its aid4 ,b li/5+ to an all-wise ,in/ructor1 foll[+ a ,guide t c\ld n deceive him2 & disreg>d+ ! env5om$ tongue ( calumny1 ! lampoon+ p5 ( ! satiri/1 ! surly fr[n ( lit]>y pride1 & ! imp]i\s au?ority ( exalt$ rank2 he committ$ to writ+ a true acc\nt ( ! creation ( ! _w1 = ! in=mation & religi\s improvem5t ( mank9d to ! late/ g5]ation4 ,view$ z ! gr\nd-"w ( all future revelations1 if any defect or false position 7 discov]$ 9 8 relation ( ?+s1 t w\ld deprive 8 hi/ory ( cr$ibility1 & decisively prove him to h be5 l$ by ! sallies ( a va9 & heat$ imag9ation1 & n ! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,b ( ?is !re 0 no dang]2 &1 z a di/+ui%$ au?or p]t95tly obs]ves1 8f ! book ( ,g5esis1 almo/ all ! anci5t philosoph]s1 a/ronom]s1 *ronologi/s1 & hi/orians1 h tak5 _! respective data3 & all ! mod]n improvem5ts & accurate discov]ies 9 diff]5t arts & sci5ces h only s]v$ to confirm ! facts detail$ by ,moses1 & to %[1 t all ! anci5t writ]s on ^! subjects1 h approa*$ to1 or rec$$ f tru?1 & ! ph5om5a ( nature1 9 ! exact proportion z !y h foll[$ ! ,mosaic hi/ory40 ,z a writ]1 ,moses does n attack o!r sy/ems1 =m$ on ?is or t hypo!sis2 b 9 a simple & incontrov]tible n>rative1 acqua9ts u ) ! orig9 ( matt]1 & ! progressive =mation & completion ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,! ,scriptures in=m u1 t ,moses 0 privileg$ to conv]se ) ,god 8face to face1 z a man speake? unto 8 fri5d10 & f him receiv$ cle> & manife/ revelations1 n by visions1 ec/asies1 dreams1 inw>d inspirations1 or ! m$iation ( angels1 b famili>ly & ) confid5ce1 by articulate s\nds1 9 8 own language4 ,! ,"l said1 8,) him w ,i speak m\? to m\?1 ev5 app>5tly1 & n 9 d>k spee*es2 & ! similitude ( ! ,"l %all he behold40 ,god be+ a ,_s1 has nei!r %ape nor p>ts1 consequ5tly is invisible1 & _c be se5 by eyes ( fle%3 he is ! mo/ simple ess5ce4 ,:5 he speaks ( himself z hav+ a face1 m\?1 eyes1 h&s1 c1 he adapts 8 language to our capacities1 design+ to express by ^! figures ! p]fections ( 8 nature2 b he is really "o undivid$ ess5ce4 ,t :i* ,moses saw1 0 only ! ,%ek9ah1 a glori\s brightness1 ! symbol ( ! ,div9e pres5ce1 & n ! ess5ce1 :i* is invisible4 ,9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! true orig9 ( ?+s1 he att5ds p>ticul>ly to ! mode1 ag5t1 & "t ( _! be+ produc$4 ,8 hi/ory comm5ces ) ! creation ( matt]1 8,9 ! beg9n+40 ,be=e ! creative acts m5tion$ by him1 all 0 et]nity4 ,"t signifies duration measur$ by ! revolutions ( ! heav5ly bodies2 b prior to ! creation ( ^! bodies1 !re c\ld be no measurem5t ( duration1 & consequ5tly no "t2 !re=e1 8,9 ! beg9n+10 mu/ necess>ily mean ! comm5cem5t ( "t :i* foll[$1 or r 0 produc$ by ,god's creative acts1 z an effect foll[s1 or is produc$ by a cause4 ,f sev]al expressions 9 ?is *apt]1 x is obvi\s t ,mr4 ,wood consid]$ ! acc\nt giv5 by ,moses1 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 to apply to univ]sal creation1 & n to be re/rict$ to our ,sol> ,sy/em4 ,x is also pla9ly inf]able1 t he consid]$ ?is ! fir/ ex]cise ( ,god's creative en]gy 9 any way4 ,?is view is entirely too contract$1 is n cle>ly w>rant$ by ! text ( ! sacr$ hi/orian1 & is unnecess>y4 ,!re are no passages ( ,scripture :i* say di/9ctly1 ! ,mosaic creation is ! fir/ or only acts ( creative en]gy3 b !re are sev]al :i* intimate ! previ\s exi/5ce ( creatures1 & ( c\rse imply a previ\s ex]cise ( creative p[]4 ,x is suffici5tly cle> t !re 7 intellig5t be+s exi/+ at ! creation ( ?is _w4 ,h5ce x is said1 8! morn+ />s sang toge!r1 & ! sons ( ,god %\t$ = joy10 9 view ( ! ris+ creation4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! previ\s exi/5ce ( intellig5t be+s is e/abli%$1 we mu/1 ( c\rse1 assign to !m "s mode ( subsi/5ce2 & ?is w compel u to assign at lea/ :at mu/ be necess>y to e creature1 a place ( abode1 suit$ to 8 wants & conditions1 )\t :i* he _c subsi/4 ,?us we e/abli% ev5 a mat]ial creation1 ant]ior to ! creation m5tion$ by ,moses4 ,aft] weigh+ ! acc\nt :i* ,moses gives 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 toge!r ) ! facts & analogies 9 ,nature1 ! conclusion seems irresi/ible1 t he describes only our ,sol> ,sy/em2 :i* includes ! sev5 prim>y planets1 ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,e>?1 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 & ,h]s*el3 ! f\r a/]oides1 ,ve/a1 ,juno1 ,c]es1 & ,pallas3 & ! eighte5 moons :i* att5d ! prim>y planets4 ,because1 #a4 ,z ?is acc\nt =ms ! introduction to a revelation design$ = ! human family only1 x is reasonable to conclude x w\ld h ref]5ce to ^? bodies only :i* op]ate mat]ially to _! b5efit or injury4 ,b !re are no su* bodies except 9 ! ,sol> ,sy/em4 #b4 ,moses 9 describ+ ! =mation ( ! heav5ly bodies1 m5tions only ! sun & moon 9 a conspicu\s mann]3 because1 ^! are ! only lum9>ies :i* contribute ess5tially to our com=t3 & !n1 le/ a behold] might imag9e ,god did n also make ! o!r suns & />s1 says incid5tally1 8,he made ! />s also40 #c4 ,! conclusion is cle> f ! fact1 t ! ,sol> ,sy/em is complete 9 itself3 =m+ a p]fect :ole1 :i* c\ld exi/ 7 all o!r />s & suns de/roy$1 & vice v]s1 all o!r sy/ems c\ld exi/ 7 ! ,sol> ,sy/em de/roy$4 #d4 ,x does n well comport ) ! "* ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 :5 we consid] 8 et]nal p[]1 inf9ite wisdom1 & b\ndless goodness1 to suppose ,he nev] ex]cis$ 8 creative en]gies b once1 & t n until a few ?\s& ye>s s9ce4 ,yet we are compell$ to ?is conclusion1 h[ev] reluctantly1 unless we re/rict ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation to our ,sol> ,sy/em4 ,?is argum5t w d]ive additional weight1 :5 we recollect ! imm5sity ( ,god's works tak5 toge!r1 & ! illimitable space 9 :i* he has1 & may1 ex]cise 8 creative en]gy4 ,we may approximate t[>ds a v fa9t idea ( _! imm5sity1 by call+ to m9d ! imm5se numb] ( fix$ />s4 ,all a/ronom]s admit _! numb] to be v great inde$1 b h[ _m _c be correctly kn[n4 ,!re may be millions ^: light has n rea*$ u yet4 ,( ^? :i* may be detect$1 ,pr(essor ,v9ce1 says1 !re are at lea/ sev5ty-five millions2 & ea* ! c5tre ( a sy/em z l>ge1 possibly mu* l>g] ?an our own4 ,inde$ we c sc>cely approa* t[>ds a compet5t idea ( illimitable space4 ,! ne>e/ fix$ /> is suppos$ to be ,sirius1 or ! dog-/>1 at ! l[e/ calculation tw5ty-two billions ( miles di/ant4 ,if we compute accord+ to ?is analogy1 & say !re are sev5ty-five millions ( fix$ />s1 ea* ! c5tre ( a sy/em1 p]fect1 & indep5d5t3 :at m9d c conceive ! illimitable space ?r\gh :i* ^! worlds mu/ lie8 ,yet ?is w\ld sc>cely be an approximation t[>ds ! true ext5t4 ,beyond ?is !re is /ill unoccupi$ space1 8:]e exi/5ce sleeps 9 ! wide abyss ( possibility40 ,x may1 !re=e1 be ask$ ) ju/ice1 :e!r a be+ capable ( creat+1 ev5 9 ?is limit$ view1 w\ld h ex]cis$ 8 creative p[]s b once1 & t n until a few ?\s&s ye>s s9ce8 ,cr$at qui posset1 non ego4 ,:o c tell :at may h be5 ! successive creations1 durations1 &1 possibly1 de/ructions ( ^? worlds :i* we see1 & ( o!rs1 ( :i* ! inhabitants ( ?is e>? h nev] he>d1 ^: light has n yet rea*$ u s9ce _! creation1 ?\gh com+ at ! rate ( ne>ly twelve millions ( miles 9 a m9ute8 ,f9ally3 ,a succession ( creative acts1 ^: comm5cem5t runs back almo/ p>allel ) et]nity1 & w ext5d =w>d almo/ ad inf9itum1 seems to comport be/ ) ! et]nal1 imm5se1 & immutable activity1 en]gy1 & goodness ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,! ^w creat$ means1 t ,god caus$ t to exi/ :i*1 previ\sly to ?is mom5t1 _h no be+4 ,! ,rabb9s1 :o are legitimate judges 9 a case ( v]bal criticism on _! own language1 are unanim\s 9 ass]t+1 t ! ^w b>a expresses ! comm5cem5t ( ! exi/5ce ( a ?+1 or its egression f non5tity to entity4 ,x does n1 9 its prim>y mean+1 d5ote ! pres]v+ or new =m+ ?+s t _h previ\sly exi/$1 z "s imag9e2 b creation1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! t]m1 ?\gh x has "s o!r acceptations 9 o!r places4 ,! supposition t ,god =m$ all ?+s out ( a pre-exi/+ et]nal nature1 is c]ta9ly absurd3 =1 if !re 0 an et]nal nature besides an et]nal ,god1 !re mu/ h be5 two self-exi/+1 indep5d5t1 & et]nal ,be+s1 :i* is a mo/ palpable contradiction4 ,ex nihilo nihil fit1 8,t out ( no?+1 no?+ is produc$0 is a maxim t applies itself 9 e case :]e ,deity is n conc]n$2 x 0 ! ma9 argum5t us$ by ,ari/otle & 8 foll[]s1 b is completely refut$ by ! au?ority ( ,div9e revelation4 ,god creat$ e? ha%amayim veet ha>ets1 8! heav5s & ! e>?40 ,! ^w e?1 :i* is g5]ally consid]$ z a p>ticle1 simply d5ot+ t ! ^w foll[+ is 9 ! accusative or oblique case1 is (t5 und]/ood by ! ,rabb9s 9 a mu* m ext5sive s5se1 8,! p>ticle e?10 says ,ab5 ,ezra1 8signifies ! sub/ance ( ! ?+40 ,! l def9ition is giv5 by ,kim*i 9 8 ,book ( ,roots4 8,?is p>ticle10 says ,mr4 ,a9swor?1 8hav+ ! fir/ & la/ lett]s ( ! ,hebrew alphabet 9 x1 is suppos$ to comprise ! sum & sub/ance ( all ?+s40 8,! p>ticle e?10 says ,buxtorf1 ,talmudic ,lexicon sub voce1 8) ! ,cabali/s1 is (t5 my/ically put = ! beg9n+ & ! end1 z alpha & omega are 9 ! ,apocalypse40 ,on ?is gr\nd1 ^! words %\ld be translat$1 8,god 9 ! beg9n+ creat$ ! sub/ance ( ! heav5s1 & ! sub/ance ( ! e>?3 i4e4 ! prima mat]ia1 or fir/ elem5ts1 out ( :i* ! heav5s & ! e>? 7 successively =m$40#bc ,dur+ ! fir/ /ate ( ?+s1 ,moses in=ms u1 t 8! e>? 0 )\t =m & void2 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep40 ,! orig9al t]ms tohoo1 & bohoo1 translat$1 8)\t =m & void10 convey ! idea ( confusion & disord]4 ,! translation by ,pag9us1 is des]t & empt9ess2 9 ! ,vulgate1 x is empty & void2 9 ! ,septuag9t1 invisible & incompos$2 f ! ,syriac1 des]t & uncultivat$2 ! ,sam>itan is ! same z ! ,vulgate2 ! ,arabic1 cov]$ ) abysses3 ^! translations are all[$ by ! le>n$ ,walton4 ,!re is b little diff]5ce 9 _! real mean+1 & all ! ,v]sions express ! fir/ /ate ( ?+s4#bd ,! :ole collection ( matt]1 creat$ 9 a fluid /ate1 0 a crude1 indige/$ *aos3 all belong+ to our sy/em1 z ! sun1 moon1 />s1 e>?1 & seas1 lay bl5d$ toge!r 9 "o va/1 confus$ mass1 )\t any arrangem5t ( _! con/itu5t p>ticles1 heavy & light1 d5se & r>e1 fluid & solid1 be+ all mix$ toge!r2 air1 wat]1 & e>?1 7:i* h s9ce obta9$ ! "n ( elem5ts17 7 promiscu\sly scatt]$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! *aotic mass rema9$ 9 ?is primitive /ate1 till ,god 0 pleas$ to assimilate1 assort1 & arrange ! mat]ials1--out ( :i* he built up1 9 ! space ( six days1 ! :ole ( creation4#be ,! ,_s ( ,god1 repres5t$ u sitt+ ^u ! va/ abyss1 l a bird1 :ile ei!r 9 ! act ( incubation or fo/]+ its "y1 mov$ or brood$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1 communicat+1 by 8 vital en]gy1 life & motion to ! un=m$ *aos4 ,"s writ]s und]/& by ! ,_s ( ,god1 a 8mighty sweep+ w9d10 a 8trem5d\s tempe/10 sep>at+ div]sifi$ p>ticles ( ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( matt]1 & comb9+ ^? ( ! same k9d toge!r4 ,b ?is is mak+ an effect to be produc$ by a cause1 :i*1 z yet1 _h no exi/5ce2 nor1 z a cause1 is x suffici5t to produce s great an effect4 ,to make an effect sup]ior to its cause1 is z absurd & contradictory z to say1 a long l9e & a %ort "o are equal4 ,t ! s+le ,hebrew ^w rua*1 ! ,greek pneuma1 ! ,lat9 spiritus1 & ! anci5t ,saxon gho/ or ga/1 signifies w9d1 z well z ! vital brea?1 ! s\l ( man1 a creat$ _s good or evil1 is readily admitt$4 ,b conc]n+ ! phrase 1 ! ,_s ( ,god1 s frequ5tly us$ 9 ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !re is n "o in/ance t x signifies w9d1 & to attempt to =ce su* mean+ ^u x1 is a mo/ manife/ violation done to ! text4 ,by ! ,_s ( ,god1 is meant ! ?ird subsi/5ce 9 ! ,div9e ess5ce1 di/+ui%$ f ! p]son ( ! ,fa!r1 & t ( ! ,son2 he is call$ a ,_s1 to signify 8 spiritual & immat]ial nature1 z well z to express 8 mighty ag5cy2 & ! works ( :i* he is ! au?or c only be effect$ by an omnipot5t p[]4 ,milton1 :o 0 well v]s$ 9 ! ,hebrew language1 9 8 address to ! ,holy ,_s1 says1 8,?\ f ! fir/ ,wa/ pres5t1 & ) mighty w+s outspread1 ,dove-l1 sat'/ brood+ on ! va/ abyss1 ,& mad'/ x pregnant40 ,! ,holy ,_s1 by 8 vital influ5ce1 infus$ t effici5t p[] into ! great mass ( matt]1 :i* 0 necess>y = ! assumption ( diff]5t =ms1 & ! dis*>ge ( ! assign$ functions ( select+ & arrang+ ! mat]ials out ( :i* ! _w is =m$4 ,by brood+ ov] ! m+l$ e>? & wat]1 says ,dr4 ,ow51 8he communicat$ a prolific virtue2 & inlaid !m ) ! se$s ( animal life2 & !re=e ! e>? & ! wat] br\ght =? all sorts ( creatures 9 abundance1 accord+ to ! se$s & pr9ciples communicat$ to !m by ! *]i%+ motion ( ! ,_s ( ,god40 ,z sev]al ( ! anci5ts h describ$ ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( all ?+s to be a gloomy *aos1 consi/+ ( d>kness & wat]1 we may easily inf] f :at s\rce !y d]iv$ ?is notion4 ,ari/otle obs]ves1 ! !ologi/s & natural philosoph]s agre$1 t all ?+s 7 produc$1 z ! =m] said1 8out ( night20 or1 z ! latt]1 8out ( a confus$ mixture40 ,:atev] k ! inhabitants ( ,*aldea _h ( ! creation ( ! _w1 !y ascribe to ! tea*+ ( an amphibi\s mon/] d5om9at$ ,oannes4 ,he taught 8 auditors1 t !re 0 a "t :5 all ?+s 7 d>kness & wat]1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* v>i\s mon/]s ( horrible =ms receiv$ life & light4 ,ov] ?is *aotic mass presid$ ! demon ,omoroca1 a my?ological p]sonification ( ! ocean4 ,at l5g? arriv$ ! de/9$ h\r ( ! creation4 ,! mon/] ,omoroca fell subdu$ b5ea? ! victori\s arm ( ,belus2 ! animals :i* compos$ h] empire 7 annihilat$2 & ! _w 0 =m$ out ( h] sub/ance4 ,oannes1 h[ev]1 taught1 t ?is physiological description 0 to be tak5 m]ely 9 an allegorical s5se1 & t ! :ole fable allud$ to ! aque\s orig9 ( ! univ]se4 ,matt] hav+ be5 ?us creat$1 ,belus divid$ ! d>kness f ! light1 sep>at$ ! e>? f ! heav5s1 dispos$ ! _w 9 ord]1 & call$ ! />ry ho/ into exi/5ce4 ,accord+ to ! ,phnician sy/em1 ! pr9ciple ( ! univ]se 0 a d>k air1 & a turbul5t ev5+ *aos2 an op9ion n v dissimil> to t giv5 by ,moses4 ,san*onia?on aft]w>d ascribes to mat]ial op]ation ! orig9 ( t :i* may be d5om9at$ ! w or desire ( ,god1 :5 9 8 great wisdom he ?\ght fit to create ! _w out ( no?+4 ,f ?is p]sonification ( ,div9e love1 a *aotic mixture 0 produc$1 & )9 x 7 compreh5d$ ! rudim5ts ( all ?+s4 ,! cosmogony ( ! anci5t ,egyptians1 ?\gh m obscure1 is giv5 by ,diodorus ,siculus4 8,damascius hav+ inquir$ ab\t :at 0 ! fir/ pr9ciple 9 ! _w1 gives ?is z an anci5t ,egyptian doctr9e4 ,! ,egyptians h *os5 to celebrate ! fir/ cause z unspeakable4 ,!y accord+ly /yle x d>kness unkn[n & m5tion x ) a ?ree-fold acclamation4 ,aga94 ,9 ?is mann] ! ,egyptians /yl$ ! fir/ pr9ciple an inconceivable d>kness2 night & d>kness pa/ all imag9ation40 ,?is is p]fectly consonant to passages f ! same au?or1 quot$ by ,dr4 ,cudwor?4 8,!re is "o orig9 ( all ?+s1 celebrat$ by ! "n ( unkn[n 7incompreh5sible7 d>kness40 ,aga94 8,!y hold1 t ! fir/ beg9n+ or cause ( ?+s 0 d>kness beyond all conception2 an unkn[n d>kness40 ,hesiod m5tions1 8,a *aos z fir/ exi/+4 ,next 0 produc$ ! spaci\s e>?1 ! seat ( ! immortals2 ,t>t>us hid )9 ! recesses ( ! ample globe2 & div9e love1 ! mo/ beautiful ( ! deities4 ,f *aos sprung ,erebus1 & black night2 & f ! union ( night & ,erebus 7 born e!r & ! day40#bf ,z5o1 ( ,cittium1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,/oics1 said1 ,hesiod meant by ! *aos1 8,wat]1 out ( :i* all ?+s 7 =m$1 :i* by concretion became firm e>?40 ,9 ! "w ( ,ari/ophanes1 we meet ) a simil> passage4 8,*aos1 & night1 & black ,erebus1 & wide ,t>t>us1 fir/ exi/$2 at t "t1 !re 0 nei!r e>?1 air1 nor heav54 ,b 9 ! bosom ( ,erebus1 black-w+$ night produc$ an arial egg2 f :i*1 9 due season1 beautiful ,love1 deck$ ) gold5 w+s1 0 born4 ,out ( d>k *aos1 9 ! mid/ ( wide-spread+ ,t>t>us1 he begot our race1 & call$ u =? into ! light40#bg ,x is unnecess>y to multiply quotations to prove1 t ! anci5ts 7 n only acqua9t$ ) ! cosmogony ( ,moses1 b receiv$ x z true2 to :i* !y add$ _! own color+4 ,x is n[ g5]ally agre$ by cosmogoni/s1 comm5tators1 biblical critics1 & natural philosoph]s1 t ! sub/ance ( ! e>? c]ta9ly1 & probably ! mat]ials ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em1 0 fir/ creat$ 9 a *aotic /ate1 & subsequ5tly arrang$ 9 ord]4 ,?is op9ion is v anci5t & almo/ univ]sal1 f\nd 9 all nations4 ,ovid1 an anci5t hea!n poet1 has well describ$ ?is *aos3 ,ante m>e et t]ras1 et1 quod teget omnia1 ,clum1 ,unus erat toto natur vultus 9 orbe1 ,quem dixre ,*aos2 rudis indige/aque moles1 ,nec quicquam nisi pondus in]s2 conge/aque eodem4 ,non b5e junct>um discordia sem9a r]um4 ,be=e ! seas1 & ?is t]re/rial ball1 ,& heav5's high canopy t cov]s all3 ,"o 0 ! face ( nature if a face3 ,r a rude & indige/$ mass3 ,a lifeless lump1 unfa%ion$ & unfram$1 ,( j>r+ se$s1 & ju/ly ,,*aos nam$4--,dryd54 ,not)/&+ ! g5]al preval5ce ( ?is op9ion1 & ! high au?orities :i* support x1 ! read] mu/ n imag9e x is absolutely univ]sal4 ,"s em95t m5 h sugge/$1 t ! e>?1 & matt] g5]ally1 0 creat$ 9 a solid /ate at fir/4 ,?is is ! view tak5 by ,mr4 ,ure1 ( ! ,&]sonian ,univ]sity4 ,he supposes ! e>? 0 creat$ a solid ball1 or sph]oid1 regul> on its surface1 )\t hills & vallies1 & imm]s$ 9 a cru/ ( ice1 :i* completely & uni=mly surr\nd$ x3 t x 0 a cold lifeless lump2 heat n yet hav+ p]vad$ x4 ,! fir/1 & all quick5+ op]ation ( heat he supposes to be indicat$ by ^! words ( ,moses3 8,& ! ,_s ( ,god mov$ on ! face ( ! wat]s40 ,he supposes1 all ! matt] ( our e>? is 9 ! same relative position1 9 :i* x 0 :5 x fir/ exi/$ at ! comm& ( ,god2 except su* cases 9 :i* "s subsequ5t =ce has dis>rang$ x4 ,^! cases he supposes to h be5 _m1 & to h op]at$ to ! upheav+ ! m\nta9s1 & holl[+ out ! b$s ( ! sea1 c4 ,he says ( ! e>?3 8,! c5tral mass compos$1 mo/ probably1 ( ! metallic bases ( ! e>?s & alkalies1 z volcanic ph5om5a seem to atte/1 w\ld fuse1 :5 fir/ ! calorific en]gy 0 made to actuate ! body ( ! e>?1 & ! ext]ior p>ts w\ld oxydize into ! cru/ ( m9]al /rata1 & ! out]mo/ coat ( all1 ! fix$ ice1 w\ld melt into ! moveable wat]s40 ,new ,sy/4 ( ,geol4 ,b4 #a4 *ap4 #a4 p4 #g4 ,p]haps ,mr4 ,ure's view might be improv$1 & made to approximate mu* ne>] ! common op9ion1 possibly id5tifi$ ) x1 by suppos+ ! mass ( matt] compos+ our e>?1 0 confus$ly mix$1--& ( c\rse *aotic--b 0 9 a froz51 h>d1 inactive /ate3 t ! quick5+ en]gy1 :i* s(t5$ & fus$ x1 0 simultane\s ) its revolution on its axis4 ,! consequ5ce !n w\ld be precisely :at we f9d x to be2 viz3 an enl>gem5t ( ! equatorial diamet]1 & a flatt5+ ( ! poles4 ,?is ,i conceive to be ! true !ory 9 ?is case4 ,mr4 ,ure confirms 8 view by a quotation f ,sir ,isaac ,newton2 ,optics1 ,book #c4 t[>ds ! conclusion4 8,x seems probable to me t ,god 9 ! beg9n+ =m$ matt] 9 solid1 massy1 h>d1 imp5etrable1 movable p>ticles1 ( su* sizes & figures1 & ) su* o!r prop]ties1 & 9 su* proportions to space1 z mo/ conduc$ to ! end = :i* he =m$ !m4 ,all mat]ial ?+s seem to h be5 compos$ ( ! h>d & solid p>ticles above m5tion$1 v>i\sly associat$ 9 ! fir/ creation by ! c\nsels ( an intellig5t ag5t4 ,= x became him :o creat$ !m to set !m 9 ord]2 & if he did s1 x is unphilosophical to seek = any o!r orig9 ( ?is _w1 or to pret5d t x might rise out ( *aos by ! m]e laws ( ,nature2 ?\gh be+ once =m$1 x may cont9ue by ^? laws = _m ages40 ,i h giv5 ?is quotation precisely z ,i f\nd x 9 ,mr4 ,ure's ,new ,sy/em ( ,geology1 ,b4 #a4 *ap4 #a4 p4 #aj4 ,consid]+ ! well f\nd$ reputation ( ,newton1 x adds v mu* to ! probability ( ! above !ory3 yet x seems to me to be at v>iance ) ! commonly receiv$ impression ( ,newton's op9ion on ?is subject4 ,i h n 8 "w at h& to exam9e x4 ,! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 ,article ,e>?1 seems to favor ?is view4 ,x says1 8,! common notion ( ! e>?'s be+ orig9ally a *aos1 seems nei!r to h a f\ndation 9 reason1 nor 9 ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation40 ,! read] w "h p]ceive high au?orities on bo? sides1 & all claim+ to agree ) ,moses4 ,! weight ( evid5ce seems to be 9 favor ( a *aotic creation1 :i* does n necess>ily imply t ! mass 0 creat$ 9 a s(t /ate4 ,b ! configuration1 & int]nal /ructure ( ! e>? abundantly prove x 0 9 a s(t1 or compressible /ate :5 x 0 assum+ its pres5t =m & /ructure4 ,?is condition 0 ! effect ( ! quick5+ en]gy ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! equatorial & pol> diamet]s ( ! e>?1 :i* is n[ well e/abli%$1 & is ab\t tw5ty-sev5 miles1 c sc>cely be acc\nt$ =1 )\t suppos+ ! sub/ance ( ! e>?1 at lea/ to a great dep?1 to h be5 p>tially or :olly fluid2 9 :i* case1 by turn+ r\nd rapidly on its own axis1 x w\ld assume ! %ape x is kn[n to possess4 ,x may1 inde$1 be said1 ! ,almighty c\ld give x any %ape & qualities he pleas$1 & we _c well object to x4 ,z x reg>ds ! int]ior1 or c5tral p>ts ( our planet1 our au?or has said no?+1 & possibly he w\ld give ?is v good reason = 8 sil5ce--we c "k no?+ c]ta9ly4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 we may subjo9 ! conjectures ( "s em95t philosoph]s4 ,"s suppose ! c5tral p>ts ( our globe to be cav]n\s or holl[4 ,! pr9cipal argum5t = ?is !ory is ! transmission ( s\nd & motion ?r\gh va/ ext5ts ( c\ntry1 9 case ( volcanoes & e>?quakes4 ,x is suppos$ ?is c\ld n be done s p]fectly & ext5sively1 unless we suppose "s ari=m1 or gase\s body )9 ! e>?1 by means ( :i* x might be transmitt$3 :i* w\ld be to suppose x cav]n\s or holl[4 ,dr4 ,halley supposes ! e>? is a holl[ sph]e1 9 :i* !re is inclos$ a c5tral magnetic globe1 & by ! motions ( ?is globe ! v>iations ( ! magnetic ne$le are produc$4 ,our own +5i\s1 b un=tunate c\ntryman1 ,symms1 suppos$ ! e>? to be holl[1 & inhabit$ )91 & its int]ior accessible to u4 ,he argues1 !re is no necessity1 = ! purposes ( gravitation1 or = any o!r purposes1 to suppose ! e>? solid to ! c5tre3 ,& x is inconsi/5t ) ! div9e b5efic5ce to suppose su* an am\nt ( matt] z ?is globe w\ld be1 if solid1 %\ld h be5 creat$ to af=d s small a portion1 sc>cely "o-f\r?1 fit = ! actual habitation ( man1 = :om pr9cipally x 0 creat$4 ,he1 !re=e1 support$1 t ! int]ior ( ! e>? 0 an imm5se cav]n bless$ ) *anges ( season1 succession ( day & night1 cold & heat1 & inhabit$ by human be+s1 & o!r animals4 ,he suppos$ ! poles ( ! e>? 7 holl[1 & ?is holl[ entrance gradually v]g$ r\nd t[>ds ! equator2 & %ips h1 )\t kn[+ x1 be5 )9 ! v]ge1 f :5ce !y f\nd no difficulty ( return+4 ,o!rs h suppos$ ! c5tral p>ts ( our globe are solid4 ,?is is ! common supposition1 & is pr9cipally support$ by ^! two argum5ts3--,z ! attraction ( gravitation dep5ds on ! quantity ( matt]1 z well z ! di/ance2 unless we suppose ! e>? a solid body x w n be able to ex]t a suffici5t attractive influ5ce on ! moon to keep h] 9 h] orbit4 ,aga93 x is asc]ta9$ by actual exp]im5t1 t ! mean d5sity ( ! e>? is ab\t five times t ( wat]3 f :i* x is inf]$ x is solid1 & mu/ increase 9 d5sity f ! surface to ! c5tre1 9 ord] to give ?is high mean proportion ov] ! bodies at its surface4 ,! increas+ d5sity ( ! e>?1 f ! surface to ! c5tre is ow+ to compression 9 "p1 & p>tly to ! suppos$ fact1 t ! heavi] sub/ances are plac$ ne>] ! c5tre4 ,?us we f9d ! diff]5t /rata ( rocks indicate ! same4 ,granite is ! heavie/ & l[e/ rock 9 situ4 ,"s h suppos$ t iron1 probably ne>ly 9 a metallic /ate1 con/itutes ! nucleus ( our e>?4 ,?is idea seems to h be5 sugge/$ to acc\nt = ! influ5ce ( ! e>? on a magnetic ne$le4 ,b ! mo/ spl5did1 & v probable conjecture is f\nd$ on ! exp]im5ts ( ,b]zelius1 & ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 on ! e>?s1 :i* exp]im5ts prove !m to h metallic bases univ]sally3 h5ce all our e>?s are metallic oxides4 ,f ^! circum/ances x is conjectur$1 t ! nucleus ( our globe is con/itut$ ( ! metals 9 a pure1 or ne>ly pure /ate1 :i* are ! bases ( our e>?s1 alkalis1 & alkal9e e>?s4 ,x w\ld almo/ seem a legitimate conjecture to suppose ! sub/ances ( our globe 71 at fir/1 metals & gases3 t ! oxyg51 comb9+ ) ! metals =m$ e>?s1 & alkalis2 & ! gases comb9+ among !mselves =m$ air1 wat]1 c4 ,?is w\ld be a *emical process1 & necess>ily fuse & s(t5 ! e>?1 & introduce ! process ( cool+1 :i* w\ld proce$ f ! surface t[>ds ! c5tre4 ,h5ce "s em95t philosoph]s h conjectur$ t !re is a great degree ( heat 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>? yet3 probably ! c5tral p>ts are 9 a /ate ( igne\s fusion4 ,"s rec5t rese>*es ( ,cordi] t5d to e/abli% ?is op9ion4 ,! am\nt ( evid5ce 9 favor ( ?is conjecture is increas+ annually1 & probably w prevail4 ,see ! additional pap] on volcanos 9 ?is volume4 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,ii4--,fire4 ,omnific ^w -- ,mov+ pr9ciples 9 ,nature -- ,criticism on ! orig9al ^w aur -- ,creation ( fire -- ,its nature -- ,friction excit+ ! action ( fire -- ,fire attract$ by bodies -- ,fire conduct$ -- ,fire 9 a /ate ( comb9ation -- ,fire ela/ic -- ,expansive =ce ( fire -- ,subt]rane\s fires -- ,e>?quakes & ,volcanic ,eruptions -- ,air a /oreh\se ( fire -- ,g5]al & f9al ,dissolution ( ,nature by fire -- ,fire a symbol ( ! ,deity1 9 8 graci\s pres5ce1 vital influ5ce1 trans=m+ en]gy1 & de/ructive op]ation4 ,! sacr$ hi/orian "h in=ms u ( ! fir/ regul> production r$uc$ f ! *aotic mass4 ,) an a/oni%+ maje/y ( expression1 ,god said1 ,,yehi ,,aur1 vayehi aur1 ,let !re be light3 & !re 0 light4 ,or1 m lit]ally1 ,be light3 & light 04 ,pagn9us translates ! words ,,yehi ,,aur1 lit]ally1 ,sit lux1 ,be light4 ,9 ! ,greek x is 1 ,be light made1 or g5]at$4 ,9 ! ,vulgate1 ,fiat lux1 :i* is mu* ! same z ! ,greek4 ,! celebrat$ ,dionysius ,long9us1 meet+ ) ?is passage 9 ! ,septuag9t1 consid]$ x z a specim5 ( ! true sublime4 ,?\gh a hea!n1 he ?us expresses himself3 8,s likewise ! ,jewi% lawgiv]1 7:o 0 no ord9>y man7 hav+ conceiv$ a j idea ( ! div9e p[]1 he express$ x 9 a dignifi$ mann]2 = at ! beg9n+ ( 8 laws he ?us speaks3 ,,god ,,said--,:at8 ,,let ,,!re ,,be ,,light6 & !re 0 light4 ,,let ,,!re ,,be ,,e>?6 & !re 0 e>?40#bh ,"h we may inquire1 ,:e!r ?is 0 a ^w utt]$ ) a s\nd1 l t :i* ,god spake f m\nt ,s9ai 9 giv+ ! ,law2 or only ! ex]cise ( ! inw>d faculty ( reason or und]/&+8 ,x c\ld n be a ^w spok5 ) a s\nd1 = t requires air z its m$ium1 & none z yet exi/$2 nei!r 0 !re any e> to he>1 nor any use ( su* words4 ,nor c\ld x be any ex]cise ( ! ,div9e ,m9d1 n[ beg9n+ to ?9k ( ! creation & =mation ( ?+s2 = ?is purpose 0 9 8 ?\ghts f et]nity4 ,! mean+ !re=e is1 t ,god did1 )\t any in/rum5ts1 toil1 labor1 alt]ation1 or delay1 = ! manife/ation ( 8 own inf9ite goodness1 wisdom1 p[]1 & w1 actually work+ l a p[]ful ^w or comm&1 in/antane\sly produce light4#bi ,?us 8,d>k ,*aos he>d 8 voice40 ,! ,psalmi/1 t\*+ on ! subject ( creation1 says1 8,he spake1 & x 0 done3 he comm&$1 & x /ood fa/0-- jagnamad1 x /ood =?1 z a s]vant at 8 ma/]'s comm&1 prep>$ to d 8 w1 & to execute 8 pleasure4#cj ,! div9e comm&m5t :i* produc$ light1 says an intellig5t writ]1 mu/ be consid]$ z op]at+ on ! prop]ties ( matt] already creat$2 & z light is f\nd to proce$ f ! motion ( lum9\s p>ticles1 we mu/ conceive "s c5tral =ce1 or attract+ p[]1 to be ! in/rum5t ( produc+ ?is ph5om5on ( light1 by its attractive or propell+ prop]ties4 ,!re seem to be mov+ pr9ciples 9 all nature1 :i*1 :5 put 9 action by ! fir/ ,cause1 produce natural effects accord+ to e/abli%$ laws1 :i* _c be alt]$ unless by ! fir/ ,mov]4 ,z ! ,hebrew ^w tehom1 abyss1 translat$ deep1 signifies also to move ) a sort ( confus$ motion2 we may ju/ly conclude t ! *aotic mass _h "s gravitat+ p[]s 9 x1 be=e ! =m+ ( ! sy/em2 & t attract+ & repell+ =ce 0 naturally & orig9ally 9 ! univ]se2 & t ! fir/ ,mov] gave !m 9 a regul> c\rse1 ! specifical direction1 & sy/ematical attractions4 ,:at our di/+ui%$ philosoph]1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 has sugge/$ conc]n+ attraction & gravitation1 ev5 9 po9t ( philosophy1 appe>s to agree ) ! ,pr9cipia ( ,moses4 ,ano!r au?or writes1 ,:e!r ,moses int5d$ a philosophical acc\nt ( light 9 ?is place1 ,i w n pret5d to say2 b "o ?+ is c]ta91 t he makes use ( a ^w :i* po9ts out "s ( ! pr9cipal prop]ties ( light4 ,! orig9al ^w aur signifies t body :i* r5d]s objects visible1 :i* we call light2 x also signifies fire1 & p]haps ,moses int5d$ to po9t out 9 "o ^w1 :at 9 our language requires two1 light & fire4 ,:5 we consid] ! words ( ,moses1 x appe>s evid5t t :at is 9 our v]sion call$ light1 is 9 ! ,hebrew r some?+ t s5ds =? light4 ,! orig9al ^w aur may signify any ?+ t makes ?+s visible by emitt+ p>ticles ( light4 ,:5 ! ,almighty said1 8,let !re be aur1 light10 x is n c]ta9 t he meant elem5t>y fire1 or orig9al unpropagat$ light4 ,x is m probable t he int5d$ by t ^w1 a body t s5t =? light by means ( ! motion ( simil> p>ticles ( lum9\s & igne\s matt]4 ,:atev] may be ! philosophic diff]5ces betwe5 ^! two1 light & fire1 cont9ues ! same au?or1 we are c]ta9 t !y are seldom sep>at$4 ,! orig9 ( t light :i* n[ r5d]s bodies visible to u1 seems *iefly to be fire1 ?\gh light & fire are n insep>ably connect$2 = light may be propagat$ :]e !re is no fire1 z f putrid bodies1 c1 & fire may be :]e !re is no light1 z 9 iron1 sulphur1 c4 ,! ,hebrew ^w aur1 signifies n only light1 b fire4 ,god creat$ ?is p[]ful ag5t on ! fir/ day1 & diffus$ x ?r\gh e "p ( nature2 because )\t x no op]ation c\ld be c>ri$ on & p]fect$4 ,t4 ,b>?ol9e quotes ,ari/otle z say+1 8,t fire is ! effici5t cause ( all ?+s40 ,robison says1 8,heat is susceptible ( fixation--( be+ accumulat$ 9 bodies1 &1 z x 71 laid up till we h occasion = x2 & we are z c]ta9 ( gett+ ! /or$-up heat1 z we are sure ( obta9+ f our draw]s ! ?+s we put 9 !m40#ca ,x p]vades all bodies3 ?is is n ! case ) any o!r sub/ance we "k (--n ev5 light4 ,x lies hid 9 e ?+ ar\nd u4 ,x is a sub/ance :i* we are ev] 9 want (2 x is !re=e deposit$ on e side1 & is ready = e exig5cy4 ,caloric is ! "n giv5 by mod]n *emi/s1 to t sub/ance by ^: influ5ce ! ph5om5a ( heat are produc$1 & :i* _h be=e be5 di/+ui%$ by ! t]ms igne\s fluid1 matt] ( heat1 & o!r analog\s d5om9ations4 ,9 ord] to give precision to *emical language1 x 0 necess>y to adopt a ^w by :i* to di/+ui% betwe5 ! sub/ance :i* produces ! s5sation we call heat1 & ! s5sation itself2 ^! be+ connect$ z cause & effect2 = :5ev] caloric becomes fix$ 9 a body1 x loses its prop]ty ( af=d+ heat4 ,:atev] is ! nature ( t quality 9 bodies call$ heat1 we are assur$ x does resemble ! s5sation ( heat4 ,a man ^: m9d is de/itute ( ! cultivation ( sci5ce1 if endu$ ) common s5se1 nev] imag9es ! s5sation ( heat to be 9 ! fire2 he only imag9es t !re is some?+ 9 fire :i* occasions ?is s5sation4 ,?\gh we are well acqua9t$ ) ! effects ( fire1 we "k b little ( its nature4 ,x is s active1 z well z p[]ful a pr9ciple1 t x eludes all our rese>*es4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 def9e x to be ! phlogi/on or inflammable pr9ciple1 :i* p]vades 9 a great] or less degree all sub/ances4 ,bo]haave ?9ks x is a fluid ( a nature peculi> to itself2 t x 0 creat$ su* z x is1 & _c be alt]$ 9 its nature or its prop]ties2 t x naturally exi/s 9 equal quantities 9 all places2 & t x is :olly imp]ceptible to our s5ses1 be+ only discov]able by su* effects z 9 its op]ation x produces4#cb ,t fire is really a sub/ance1 & n a quality1 appe>s f its act+ ^u o!r sub/ances1 ! reality ( :i* has nev] be5 d\bt$4 ,*>coal1 9 its natural /ate1 conta9s )9 its pores a l>ge quantity ( air2 b if *>coal is heat$1 ?is air is expell$ by ! fire1 :i* assumes its place1 & occupies ! pores ( ! *>coal4 ,! burn+ ( lime also1 :i* deprives x ( a great "p ( its weight by expell+ ! fixable air1 demon/rates t fire1 z a sub/ance1 ent]s into ! pores ( ! lime1 & =ces out ^? o!r sub/ances :i* are lea/ intimately comb9$ ) x4 ,collision or friction ( solid bodies1 is ! means mo/ g5]ally us$ = excit+ ! action ( fire4 ,! vacuities ( all solid bodies are replete ) fire1 s t x is impossible to agitate or sep>ate _! p>ts swiftly1 )\t giv+ ! same rapid motion to ! elem5t conta9$ )9 !m4 ,:5 a piece ( h>d5$ /eel is /ruck ) a fl9t1 "s p>ticles ( ! metal are scrap$ away f ! mass1 & s viol5t is ! fire :i* foll[s ! /roke1 t x melts & vitrifies !m4 ,if ! fragm5ts ( /eel are cat*$ ^u pap]1 & view$ ) a microscope1 y w f9d mo/ ( !m p]fect sph]ules1 & v highly poli%$4 ,_! sph]icity demon/rates t !y h be5 9 a fluid /ate1 & ! poli% ^u _! surface %[s !m to be vitrifi$2 ! fire be+ dis5gag$ ) viol5ce1 disposes ! p>ticles ( ! sub/ance to comb9e ) ! vital air1 :ile ?is air accel]ates ! combu/ion4 ,! :ole ( ! heat produc$ is n af=d$ by ! body itself1 because 9 proportion z ! int]ior fire is dis5gag$1 ! ext]nal air acts ^u ! body & gives out fire4 ,if ! irons at ! axis ( a coa*-:eel are appli$ to ea* o!r1 )\t ! int]position ( "s unctu\s matt] to keep !m f imm$iate contact1 !y w become s hot :5 ! c>riage runs swiftly along1 z to set ! wood on fire2 & ! =e :eels be+ smalle/1 & mak+ m revolutions1 w be mo/ 9 dang]4 ,! same w happ5 to mill-"w1 or any o!r ma*9]y1 if ! necess>y precautions are neglect$4 ,x is no uncommon practice ) a blacksmi? to use a plate ( iron z an extemporane\s t9d]-box2 = x may be hamm]$ on an anvil till x becomes r$ hot1 & w fire a mat* ( brim/one4 ,a /rong man :o /rikes quick1 & keeps turn+ ! iron1 s t bo? sides may be equally expos$ to ! =ce ( ! hamm]1 w p]=m ?is 9 less "t ?an w\ld be expect$4 ,if 9 ! colde/ season y lay "o d5se iron plate ^u ano!r1 & press ! upp] "o1 by a weight1 on ! l[] "o1 & !n rub ! "o ov] ! o!r2 by reciprocal motions1 !y w fir/ gr[ w>m1 & at l5g? s hot1 z 9 a %ort "t to emit sp>ks1 & at la/ gr[ r$ hot1 z if tak5 out ( a vehem5t fire4 ,x is n necess>y t ! sub/ance %\ld be v h>d2 a cord rubb$ backw>ds & =w>ds swiftly aga9/ a po/ or a tree w take fire2 a /ick ( wood press$ aga9/ ano!r :i* is turn$ swiftly ab\t 9 a la!1 w soon make x turn black & emit smoke4 ,ev5 ! palms ( y\r h&s1 if y rub !m briskly toge!r1 :5 !y are dry1 w smell z if !y 7 scor*$4 ,! me?od ( excit+ fire by rubb+ two /icks ( wood toge!r1 0 anci5tly practis$ by c\ntry p1 & is /ill reta9$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! mann] is exactly describ$ 9 ,capta9 ,cook's voyage4 ,! inhabitants ( ,new-,holl& are !re said to produce fire ) great facility1 & spread x 9 a wond]ful mann]4 ,to produce x1 !y take two pieces ( s(t dry wood2 "o is a /ick ab\t eight or n9e in*es long1 ! o!r piece is flat4 ,! /ick !y %ape into an obtuse po9t at "o end1 & press+ x ^u ! o!r1 turn x nimbly by hold+ x betwe5 bo? _! h&s1 z we d a *ocolate mill1 (t5 %ift+ _! h&s up & d[n1 & !n mov+ !m d[n ^u x to increase ! pressure z mu* z possible4 ,by ?is me?od !y get fire 9 less ?an two m9utes1 & f ! smalle/ sp>k !y increase x ) spe$ & dext]ity4 ,! matt] ( fire is attract$ m or less by all bodies4 ,:5 any heat$ body comes 9 contact ) a cold "o1 ! =m] loses a "p ( its heat1 & bo? ( !m become equally w>m4 ,if heat$ iron is laid ^u a /one1 its heat w fl[ into ! /one2 if ?r[n into ! wat]1 ! heat w be diffus$ ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,if a numb] ( diff]5t sub/ances1 z metals1 wood1 wool1 c1 are br\ght toge!r into a place :]e !re is n a fire1 if !y are ( diff]5t temp]atures1 t is ( diff]5t degrees ( heat1 ! fire w be attract$ f ! hotte/ to ^? t are cold]1 till a p]fect equilibrium is produc$1 or till !y h all acquir$ ! same temp]ature1 z may be prov$ by apply+ ! !rmomet] successively to ea* ( !m4 ,x does n appe>1 h[ev]1 t all bodies h an equal attraction = ! matt] ( fire4 ,if a rod ( iron is put into ! fire = a %ort "t1 ! end :i* is at a mod]ate di/ance f ! fire w almo/ burn ! h&2 b a rod ( wood1 ( ! same l5g? w be consum$ to a%es at ! end :i* is 9 ! fire1 be=e ! o!r end is suffici5tly heat$ to burn ! h&4 ,a ball ( lead1 & a ball ( wool1 may be ( exactly ! same temp]ature by ! !rmomet]1 b !y w n appe> ( ! same degree ( heat on apply+ ! h&4 ,if !y are ( a temp]ature bel[ t ( our bodies1 ! lead w appe> mu* cold] ?an ! wool1 because x attracts ! heat m rapidly f ! h&2 if !y are ( a high] temp]ature1 ! lead w appe> mu* hott]1 f ! facility ) :i* x p>ts ) its heat4 ,?is prop]ty 9 bodies is call$ _! conduct+ p[]2 & ^? bodies ?r\gh :i* ! elem5t ( fire mo/ rapidly circulates1 are call$ good conductors4 ,! p[] ( conduct+ ! matt] ( fire seems to dep5d ^u ! texture ( bodies1 t is1 ^u ! contact ( _! p>ts2 h5ce ! excessive sl[ness ) :i* heat is communicat$ to bodies ( a r>e & spongy texture4 ,?us flannel1 wool1 & fea!rs1 are consid]$ z w>m cov]+s1 n because !y possess m heat 9 !mselves--= !y s]ve to pres]ve any cold body 9 a cool /ate bett] ?an o!r sub/ances--b because !y prev5t ! escape ( ! animal heat f our bodies4 ,! matt] ( fire w exi/ 9 a /ate ( comb9ation1 9 a lat5t /ate1 s z n to be p]ceptible to our s5ses4 ,x w be f\nd by obs]vation1 t e body :i* exi/s conta9s a quantity ( ! matt] ( fire 9 a fix$ or neutraliz$ /ate1 dis>m$ ( all its active1 p5etrat+1 & de/ructive qualities1 l an acid & an alkali 9 comb9ation4 ,fluids1 f _! v nature & con/itution1 conta9 a great] quantity ( caloric 9 a lat5t /ate ?an solid bodies3 inde$ x is n[ univ]sally admitt$1 & may be easily prov$1 t ! fluidity ( all bodies is altoge!r ow+ to ! quantity ( fire :i* !y reta9 9 ?is lat5t or comb9$ /ate1 ! ela/icity ( :i* keeps _! p>ticles remote f ea* o!r1 & prev5ts _! fix+ into a solid mass4 ,all bodies1 !re=e1 9 pass+ f a fluid to a solid /ate1 emit a quantity ( fire or heat4 ,:5 wat] is ?r[n ^u quick lime1 x is absorb$ by ! lime1 & 9 ?is /ate x is capable ( reta9+ a mu* small] quantity ( caloric ?an 9 its natural /ate2 on ! slack+ ( lime1 !re=e1 a v int5se heat is produc$1 ! matt] ( fire :i* pres]v$ ! wat] fluid be+ dis5gag$ & deta*$4 ,if _s ( vitriol is add$ to /rong oil ( turp5t9e1 !y w cond5se into a solid mass1 & a great quantity ( heat w be s5sibly emitt$4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple x w be f\nd1 on ! o!r h&1 t :5 any body passes f a solid to a fluid /ate1 ! adjac5t bodies w be depriv$ ( a quantity ( _! natural heat4 ,?is !ory ( :at is call$ burn+ lime1 is n suffici5tly cle>4 ,fire does n ent] into ! pores ( ! lime by burn+4 ,! m9]al commonly us$ = procur+ quick lime is ! c>bonate ( lime1 or common lime/one1 :i* is compos$ ( c>bonic acid ) a small quantity ( wat]1 #dc1 & lime #eg1 9 #ajj p>ts4 ,by submit+ x to a /rong heat1 ! c>bonic acid is driv5 (f1 & ! quick or pure lime rema9s1 :i* is an oxide ( calcium4 ,! loss 9 weight is ow+ to ! expulsion ( ! c>bonic acid1 ) ! small portion ( wat]4 ,by add+ wat] to ! quick lime1 x is dissolv$1 & falls into a p[d]4 ,?is process is call$ slack+ lime1 & ! product1 slack-lime4 ,dur+ ! process a l>ge quantity ( heat is dis5gag$2 & if ! slack+ be done 9 ! d>k1 light is also obs]v$ to be ?r[n out4 ,?is heat is giv5 out by ! wat]1 n ! lime4 ,! lime hav+ a great] aff9ity = ! hydrog5 ( ! wat] ?an exi/s betwe5 ! hydrog5 & oxyg5 9 wat]1 seizes ^u x1 & ! oxyg5 passes (f1 toge!r ) ! lat5t caloric ( ! wat]1 & ?us ! heat is produc$ :i* is obs]v$ 9 slack+ lime4 ,! hydrog5 ( ! wat] comb9es ) ! lime & becomes solid1 =m+ an hydrate ( lime1 :i* is ! common slack$ lime us$ 9 mort>4 ,! matt] ( fire is ela/ic1 z is prov$ evid5tly f all its effects4 ,!re is inde$ reason to believe1 t caloric is ! only fluid 9 nature :i* is p]man5tly ela/ic1 & t x is ! cause ( ! ela/icity ( all fluids :i* are e/eem$ s4 ,f ! ela/icity ( ?is elem5t x results1 t all natural bodies c only reta9 a c]ta9 quantity ( x1 )\t und]go+ an alt]ation 9 _! /ate & =m4 ,?us a mod]ate quantity ( fire admitt$ into a solid body exp&s x2 a /ill l>g] quantity r5d]s x fluid2 & if ! quantity is /ill increas$1 x w be conv]t$ into vapor4 ,caloric exp&s all bodies :i* x p5etrates1 m or less1 9 proportion to its quantity1 & to ! nature ( ^? bodies4 ,! expansion ( wat]1 ev5 previ\s to its assum+ ! =m ( vapor1 may be se5 9 an easy exp]im5t4 ,if a quantity ( cold wat]1 conta9$ 9 a cle> flask1 is imm]s$ 9 a vessel ( boil+ wat]2 z ! heat ent]s1 ! wat] 9 ! flask w be se5 to rise 9 ! neck till x ov]fl[s4 ,an iron rod a foot long be+ heat$ r$ hot1 became #a-fj long] ?an be=e2 & a glass cyl9d]1 a fa?om long1 "u ! same circum/ances1 ga9$ #a-ej 9 l5g?4 ,a metall9e r+ ?us heat$ 0 increas$ #i-ajj 9 its diamet]2 & a glass globe became ext5d$ #a-ajj "p by ! heat ( ! h& only appli$ to its surface4#cc ,! g5]al effects ( caloric are to increase ! bulk ( ! sub/ances ) :i* x unites1 & to r5d] !m specifically light] ?an !y 7 be=e2 b 9 :atev] quantity x is accumulat$ 9 bodies1 x nev] adds to _! absolute weight4 ,caloric favors ! solution ( salts1 & promotes ! union ( _m sub/ances4 ,9 o!r cases x s]ves to sep>ate bodies already unit$2 s t 9 ! h&s ( *emi/s x is ! mo/ useful & p[]ful ag5t ) :i* !y are acqua9t$4 ,x is ! cause ( fluidity 9 all sub/ances :i* are capable ( becom+ fluid1 f ! heavie/ metal to ! lighte/ gas4 ,let x be rememb]$ t all fluids are =m$ f solids by an addition ( caloric2 & t1 by ab/ract+ ?is caloric1 solids w\ld be reproduc$4 ,x ins9uates itself among _! p>ticles1 & inv>iably sep>ates !m 9 "s measure f ea* o!r4 ,we h reason to believe t e solid sub/ance on ! face ( ! e>? might be conv]t$ to a fluid1 or ev5 a gas1 7 x submitt$ to ! action ( a v high temp]ature 9 peculi> circum/ances4#cd ,! g5]al & aggregate be>+ ( ! facts & exp]im5ts :i* are n[ kn[n1 r5d] ! /atem5t "h made by ,mr4 ,wood extremely probable1 viz2 ,t caloric is a v subtle fluid :i* p]vades 9 l>ge quantities e p>ticle ( matt] 9 ! univ]se--t x is ! ag5t :i* regulates ! d5sities ( all bodies1 & by consequ5ce1 regulates 9 "s measure _! weight & dim5sions4 ,x is consid]$ z an almo/ settl$ "q1 t a /ratum ( caloric surr\nds ea* ultimate p>ticle ( e body1 s t ! ultimate p>ticles ( bodies d n1 & _c be made to t\* ea* o!r4 ,_! inh]5t incl9ation to come into actual contact is call$ _! attraction ( cohesion3 ! p[] ( ?is attraction is 9 proportion to ! di/ance at :i* !y are kept f ea* o!r by ! atmosph]e ( caloric :i* int]v5es betwe5 !m4 ,?is atmosph]e ( caloric is idio-repulsive3 ( c\rse ! p>ticles ( caloric h an inh]5t repulsion among !mselves1 & are ev] /ruggl+ to get fur!r asund]4 ,?is idio-repulsive nature ( caloric is ! great1 & con/ant antagoni/ p[] to ! attraction ( cohesion4 ,caloric has a t5d5cy to drive ! p>ticles ( matt] fur!r f ea* o!r1 & ^! p>ticles h a mutual t5d5cy to approa*4 ,h5ce ^! two pr9ciples are ev] 9 conflict4 ,z a g5]al rule we may say1 :5 ! attraction ( cohesion prevails greatly1 ! body becomes solid3 :5 ! two =ces are pretty ne>ly balanc$1 ! body becomes liquid3 :5 ! caloric prevails greatly1 ! body becomes gase\s4 ,!re is suffici5t reason to believe1 t e body 9 nature might be rais$ to a gase\s /ate by ! addition or action ( a suffici5t quantity ( caloric3 & !re is1 probably1 a suffici5t quantity 9 nature1 to r5d] ! :ole univ]se gase\s1 7 x suffici5tly excit$ to a /ate ( fre$om4 ,x is a well kn[n fact1 t all ! metals are fusible by heat1 & _m ( !m h be5 volataliz$1 & x is extremely probable all ( !m may be4 ,z caloric regulates ! d5sity ( bodies1 by resi/+ & modify+ ! influ5ce ( ! attraction ( cohesion3 if x 7 entirely )drawn f nature1 or ! :ole ( x r5d]$ p]fectly lat5t1 all matt] w\ld become p]fectly ,,solid & ,,fix$3 ev5 wat] & air w\ld assume ! solidity ( ! diamond4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 reg>d caloric z ! great cons]vative pr9ciple ( ! ,univ]se1 & yet capable1 if call$ into action1 ( de/roy+ x in/antly4 ,^! views /rongly corroborate our pap] on *aos4 ,f ! exp]im5ts ( ,g5]al ,roy1 9 ! #ge? volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 x appe>s t ! expansion ( a /eel p5dulum ( a clock is su*1 t e f\r degrees ( ! !rmomet] w cause a v>iation ( a second p] day2 & t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! go+ ( a clock 9 summ] & w9t] w be ab\t six seconds p] day1 or "o m9ute 9 t5 days1 ow+ to ! metallic p5dulum v>y+ 9 l5g? ) e *ange ( temp]ature4 ,a k ( ?is circum/ance gave rise to ,h>rison's self-regulat+ "t-piece1 :i*1 by ! diff]5t expansion ( diff]5t metals1 accommodates its movem5ts to e *ange ( seasons or climate4 ,! fire deposit$ bel[ ! surface ( ! e>? is peculi>ly important1 hav+ produc$ e>?quakes & volcanic eruptions4 ,dr4 ,watson1 late ,bi%op ( ,ll&aff1 9 8 ,*emical ,essays1 says1 ,! mo/ rem>kable *anges :i* h tak5 place 9 ! =m & con/itution ( ! e>?1 s9ce ! deluge1 h probably be5 produc$ by subt]rane\s fires2 = x is to _! ag5cy t philosoph]s ascribe volcanos & e>?quakes2 ^? trem5d\s in/rum5ts ( nature1 by :i* %e conv]ts pla9s into m\nta9s1 ! ocean into isl&s1 & dry l& into /agnant pools4 ,mr4 ,lem]y1 z f> z ,i h be5 able to le>n1 adds ! le>n$ ,bi%op1 0 ! fir/ p]son :o illu/rat$1 by actual exp]im5t1 ! orig9 ( subt]rane\s fires4 ,he mix$ tw5ty-five p\nds ( p[d]$ sulphur ) an equal weight ( iron fil+s2 & hav+ knead$ ! mixture toge!r1 by means ( a little wat]1 into ! consi/5cy ( a pa/e1 he put x into an iron pot1 cov]$ x ) a clo?1 & buri$ ! :ole a foot "u gr\nd4 ,9 ab\t eight or n9e h\rs "t ! e>? swell$1 grew w>m1 & crack$3 hot sulphure\s vapors 7 p]ceiv$3 a flame :i* dilat$ ! cracks 0 obs]v$2 ! sup]9cumb5t e>? 0 cov]$ ) a yell[ & black p[d]3 9 %ort1 a subt]rane\s fire1 produc+ a volcano 9 m9iature1 0 spontane\sly light$ up f ! reciprocal actions ( sulphur1 iron1 & wat]4 ,volcanic eruptions are awfully t]rific1 & sometimes ext5sively de/ructive4 ,! viol5t eruption ( ,vesuvius1 9 #agfg1 is reckon$ ! #bg? s9ce t :i* de/roy$ ! cities ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,titus2 & ?is eruption ( #agfg1 has be5 succe$$ by sev]al o!rs4 ,( ! eruptions ( tna1 ,mr4 ,old5burg has giv5 a hi/orical acc\nt 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,no4 xlviii4 p4 #ifg4 ,a v great eruption ( ?is m\nta9 0 9 ! ye> #affi4 ,! progress ( ! lava1 or fi]y deluge1 0 at ! rate ( a furlong a day4 ,x advanc$ into ! sea #fjj y>ds1 & 0 !n a mile 9 bread?4 ,x _h de/roy$1 9 =ty days1 ! habitations ( #bg1jjj p]sons2 & ( #bj1jjj inhabitants ( ! city ( ,catanea1 only #c1jjj escap$4 ,?is inundation ( liquid fire1 9 its progress1 met ) a lake f\r miles 9 compass1 & n only fill$ x up1 al?\gh x 0 f\r fa?oms deep1 b rais$ x into a m\nta94 ,borelli1 an +5i\s ,neapolitan1 has calculat$1 t ! matt] dis*>g$ at ?is eruption 0 suffici5t to fill a space ( #ic1hch1gej cubic spaces4 ,! lava :i* ran f x is f\rte5 miles 9 l5g?1 &1 9 _m p>ts1 six 9 bread?4 ,!re h be5 no su* eruptions s9ce1 al?\gh !re h be5 signs ( _m1 m t]rible1 t prec$$ x4#ce ,! pr9cipal volcanos 9 ,europe are ,m\nt ,vesuvius1 ne> ,naples1 9 ,italy2 ,m\nt tna1 9 ,sicily2 ,m\nt ,hecla1 9 ,icel&2 & ,/romboli1 ! mo/ nor!rn ( ! ,lip>i isl&s1 nor? ( ,sicily4 ,( all ! volcanos record$ 9 hi/ory1 ,/romboli seems to be ! only "o t burns incessantly4 tna & ,vesuvius are sometimes _m mon?s1 & ev5 ye>s1 )\t ! lea/ emission ( fire2 b ?is is ev] at "w1 &1 = ages pa/1 has be5 consid]$ z ! light-h\se ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,x is v probable1 t ,m\nt ,vesuvius & ,m\nt tna =m b diff]5t portions ( "o *a9 ( m\nta9s t passes "u ! sea1 & ! isle ( ,lip>i2 = :5ev] "o ( ! volcanos has a great eruption1 x is obs]v$ t ! o!r1 & ! volcano 9 ! isle ( ,lip>i1 ?r[ out m flames ?an ord9>y4 ,?is rem>k 0 made by ,huet1 ,bi%op ( ,avran*es1 9 ,france1 a celebrat$ philosophical1 hi/orical1 & comm]cial writ]4 ,! =ce ( volcanos is suppos$ to be ! greate/ ( any ?+ yet kn[n 9 nature4 ,9 ! great eruption ( ,vesuvius1 9 #aggi1 a /ream ( lava1 ( an imm5se magnitude1 is said to h be5 project$ to ! height ( at lea/ #aj1jjj feet above ! top ( ! m\nta94 ,! pres5t /ate ( *emical sci5ce1 & ! geological discov]ies ( ! la/ t5 or fifte5 ye>s1 seem to disc\nt5ance ! !ory1 t volcanic action1 & e>?quakes result f sulphur1 iron1 & wat]1 z ,mr4 ,lem]y's exp]im5t seems to indicate4 ,! va/ ext5t ( volcanic action1 z indicat$ by ext9ct & active volcanos1 w\ld require a great] am\nt ( ^! mat]ials1 ?an c be suppos$ to exi/ 9 ! composition ( ! e>?4 ,?us1 accord+ to ! ,newtonian te/ ( a correct !ory1 ! means1 if true1 w\ld n be suffici5t4 ,aga93 ,if sulphur & iron 7 ! pr9cipal ag5ts 9 produc+ volcanic action1 & e>?quakes1 volcanic products w\ld give evid5ce ( x1 by be+1 pr9cipally1 sulphate ( iron4 ,s f> is ?is f be+ ! fact1 t 9 #ajj p>ts1 volcanic product1 ,dr4 ,k5n$y f\nd1 9 ref]5ce to two volcanos1 n exce$+ #ad4be oxide ( iron1 & no sulphur at all4 ,volcanic products are g5]ally1 8mixtures ( ! e>? 9 an oxidat$ & fus$ /ate1 "u int5se ignition2 wat] & sal9e sub/ances1 su* z might be furni%$ by ! sea & air1 alt]$ z might be expect$ f ! =mation ( fix$ oxidat$ matt]40 ,,ure4 ,^! two simple consid]ations mu/ set aside ! !ory m5tion$ 9 ! text4 ,o!r valid objections might be urg$4 ,z ?is !ory is inadmissible1 because1 nei!r true 9 application to volcanic action & product1 nor suffici5t 9 =ce1 x is prop] to supply ! defici5cy4 ,by a c>eful inspection ( ! ph5om5a att5d+ volcanic action1 z well z an exam9ation ( its products1 we are cle>ly conv9c$1 ! ag5ts are ari=m2 *iefly /eam & ! gases1 & !y act ) an expansive =ce f b5ea?4 ,m\na ,roa1 9 ! isl& ,o:yhee1 rises #ae1jjj feet1 & has on its top a crat] eight miles 9 circumf]5ce1 conta9+ a va/ lake ( molt5 lava4 ,mr4 ,goodri* visit$ x 9 #ahbd4 ,he says1 8exhalations escape f all ! fissures ( ! lava cru/1 produc+ "h & !re a bla/ l /rong vapor bl[+ out ( a /eam boil]40 ,subsequ5tly1 a p>ty f ! ,blonde frigate visit$ x1 & ! ,rev4 ,*>les ,/ew>t1 :o accompani$ ! p>ty1 has giv5 a description ( ! crat]4 ,he says1 8its surface _h all ! agitation ( ! ocean4 ,bill[ aft] bill[ toss$ its mon/r\s bosom into ! air1 & occasionally ! waves f apposite directions met ) su* viol5ce1 z to da% ! fi]y spray1 9 ! concussion1 =ty or fifty feet high40 ,ure's ,new ,sy/4 ,geol4 pp4 #cha-b4 ,9 bo? ^! acc\nts we cle>ly see ari=m ag5ts act+ f b5ea?4 ,! hiss+ noise ( /eam escap+ f a boil]1 conv9ces ( ! nature ( ! body escap+4 ,! upheav+ ( ! melt$ lava proves1 n only1 t ! ag5t acts f b5ea? by expansion1 b also1 by its resemblance to ! common ph5om5on obs]v$ 9 boil+ liquids1 t ! ag5t is =m$ bel[1 & rises ?r\gh ! melt$ lava1 heav+ x up 9 swells & waves1 until x escapes 9 a gase\s /ate1 l vapor f boil+ liquids4 ,we mu/ come to ! same conclusion f ! exp]im5ts1 obs]vations1 & reports ( ! celebrat$1 & intrepid ,spallanzani1 :o visit$ & exam9$ ! crat] ( ! ev]-burn+ ,/romboli4 ,8 words are ne>ly ^!3 ,fluid lava1 resembl+ melt$ brass r$-hot1 & liquid fill$ ! crat] to a c]ta9 height1 & ?is matt] appe>$ to be influ5c$ by two di/9ct impell+ p[]s2 ! "o :irl+ & agitat$2 & ! o!r upw>ds1 t]m9at+ 9 an explosion l a %ort clap ( ?und]4 ,imm$iately be=e ! explosion occurr$1 ! lava appe>$ inflat$1 & l>ge bubbles1 "s sev]al feet 9 diamet]1 rose & bur/1 ! detonation foll[$ & ! lava sunk4 ,dur+ ! ris+1 a s\nd issu$ f ! crat] l t produc$ by a liquid boil+ viol5tly 9 a caldron4 ,9 ?is case we h e evid5ce ( an ari=m ag5t act+ f b5ea?4 ,an ari=m ag5t is detect$ also by exam9+ ! /ructure ( volcanic products1 :i* h be5 eject$ 9 a melt$ /ate4 ,!y are f\nd to be vesicul>1 cellul>1 & por\s4 ,?is /ructure proves1 inconte/ibly1 t ^! cavities & cells 7 fill$ ) an ari=m body1 :i* escap$ ^u cool+4 ,?is position might be su/a9$ by o!r pro(s1 b x is unnecess>y4 ,x rema9s only to ask1 :e!r ^! ela/ic ag5ts are suffici5t to produce ! a/oni%+ am\nt & products ( volcanic action & e>?quakes8 ,! =ce :i* ela/ic ag5ts are kn[n to possess1 :5 g5]at$ sudd5ly1 & rais$ to a high temp]ature1 answ]s ?is "q promptly 9 ! affirmative4 ,a v few gra9s ( gunp[d]1 :5 conv]t$ into gas by sudd5 ignition 9 a gun-b>rel1 by _! expansive =ce drive a bullet ) a/oni%+ p[] & velocity4 ,a few cubic feet ( wat] conv]t$ into /eam1 w bur/ ! /ronge/ metallic b>ri] :i* man c con/ruct1 unless x f9d v5t4 ,z we h se5 suffici5tly cle>ly t ari=m bodies1 z /eam & gases1 are ! ela/ic ag5ts 9 produc+ e>?quakes & volcanos1 x rema9s to inquire into ! production & action ( ^? ag5ts4 ,z x reg>ds _! production1 ! pres5t /ate ( geological & *emical sci5ce sugge/s ?ree !ories1 ea* ( :i* w\ld be adequate to ! object4 ,x is necess>y to premise t wat] is a common ag5t 9 ea* ( ! ?ree !ories4 #a4 ,! spl5did discov]ies ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 9 reg>d to ! bases ( ! e>?s1 demon/rat+ !m to be metallic1 & ! e>?s m]ely oxides ( ^? metals1 h l$ to ! conjecture1 t ^! metals exi/ 9 ne>ly a pure /ate 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?2 ( c\rse ! cru/ ( ! e>? is compos$ ( ! v>i\s metallic oxides4 ,x is well kn[n t _m ( ^! metals take fire on com+ into contact ) wat]1 z potassium1 sodium1 c2 & all ( !m oxidize rapidly on meet+ ) wat] & air1 & ?us l>ge quantities ( hydrog5 gas w\ld be evolv$4 ,?is !ory is s reasonable1 9 view ( ! combu/ibility ( metals1 & s con=mable to sci5ce1 t we almo/ decide x is true1 )\t fur!r exam9ation4 ,b1 9 ord] t its demon/ration %\ld be cle>1 x mu/ fir/ be %[n1 t ! metals d exi/ 9 ne>ly a pure /ate 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?3 & !n1 t !y are accessible by wat]1 or air1 or bo?4 ,! fir/ po9t c only be r5d]$ probable by analogy4 ,we "k t ! e>?s :i* are f\nd 9 ! cru/ ( our planet are metallic oxides4 ,x is v natural to suppose ^! metals exi/$ 9 a pure metallic /ate at ! creation1 z well at ! surface z at ! c5tre2 z all o!r bodies mo/ probably exi/$ 9 an elem5t>y & uncomb9$ /ate :5 ,god fir/ produc$ !m4 ,f ?is supposition x is easy to see1 t :5 wat] & air came into action1 :i* w\ld be at ! e>?'s surface1 ^! metals w\ld be rapidly oxidiz$1 ?us =m+ ! e>?s4 ,b z ?is process w\ld comm5ce at ! surface ( ! e>?1 & t5d t[>ds ! c5tre1 x is evid5t its progress w\ld be arre/$ by its own action4 ,= ! accumulation ( ! e>?s1 by ! oxidation ( ! metals1 w\ld gradually =m ! sup]9cumb5t cru/1 :i* w\ld act z a b>ri] to ! wat] & air1 prev5t+ _! contact ) ! metals 9 ! int]ior1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 w\ld n be oxidiz$4 ,9 ?is /ate !y w\ld rema9 buri$ deep "u ! sup]9cumb5t oxidat$ cru/ ( ! e>?1 until wat] & air %\ld f9d access to !m4 ,:5 ?is %\ld take place a rapid1 & ext5sive *emical action w\ld comm5ce1 g5]at+ imm5se quantities ( hydrog5 gas1 ! metals decompos+ ! air & wat]1 9 ! process ( oxidation1 & sett+ ! hydrog5 ( ! wat]1 & nitrog5 ( ! air free4 ,?us a l>ge am\nt ( ! mo/ inflammable ( all gases w\ld be dis5gag$4 ,! rapid *emical action w\ld raise ! temp]ature ( ^! gases1 & ?us increase _! bulk imm5sely1 :i* w\ld produce an irresi/ible expansive =ce1 :i* w\ld increase ! pressure aga9/ ! sides ( ! cav]n 9 :i* ! gases 7 g5]at$1 & ! ,,ignition ( ! hydrog5 w\ld be a necess>y consequ5ce4 ,su* an imm5se volume ( gas be+ ignit$1 & conf9$1 w\ld produce su* a degree ( heat1 z rapidly to decompose or melt ! sub/ances 9 its neighborhood1 & set at lib]ty a va/ quantity ( o!r gases2 all ( :i* be+ ignit$1 & ( c\rse exp&$ immeasurably1 w\ld n only %ake a giv5 section ( ! e>?1 b1 if plac$ 9 its c5tre1 w\ld %ake ! solid globe ?r\gh\t1 & r5d x into t5 ?\s& pieces1 if x did n f9d means to escape4 ,if x f\nd means ( escape by "s op5+ =c$ f its seat to ! surface ( ! e>?1 t op5+ w\ld ,,con/itute ,a ,,volcano2 f :i* ! gases w\ld escape1 & ?r[ out be=e !m ! va/ am\nt ( volcanic products :i* are kn[n to come =? ( ! crat]s4 ,x n[ rema9s to inquire1 :e!r a suffici5t quantity ( wat] c be suppos$ to h access to ^! metals8 ,f :at we "k ( ! di/ribution ( wat] g5]ally 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 we %\ld h no difficulty 9 admitt+ ! affirmative4 ,b ?is "q may be cle>ly answ]$ by two circum/ances4 ,fir/3 ,l>ge quantities ( boil+ wat] & mud1 are frequ5tly eject$ f volcanos4 ,?is proves an excess ( wat] at1 or ne> ! seat ( action1 :i* c\ld n be decompos$1 be=e ! am\nt ( gases g5]at$1 & act+ ) incr$ible =ce1 drove x out ( ! crat]4 ,?is fact is true 9 "s measure ( all volcanos1 b em95tly s ( ^? 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 8,b\gu] & ,condam9e saw ^! =midable torr5ts te> up ! surface ( a :ole c\ntry4 ,six h\rs aft] an explosion ( ,cotopaxi1 a village ne>ly eighty miles di/ant 9 a /raight l9e1 & probably "o hundr$ & =ty by ! w9d+ *annel1 0 entirely swept away by ! flood40 ,ure's ,new ,sys4 ,geol4 p4 #chf4 ,secondly3 ,! position ( volcanos1 always ne> ! sea1 toge!r ) ! agitations ( ! sea1 previ\s to1 & dur+ an eruption1 z well z ! sal9e matt] 9 ! eject$ sub/ances1 r5d] x v cle>1 t ! sea1 by subt]ranean communication1 supplies wat] at ! seat ( volcanic action4 8,! sea seems to sympa?ise ) ! agitations ( ! adjo9+ volcanos1 ris+ & fall+ ) rapid alt]nation--caus$ by ! sudd5 deflux ( a great body ( wat] into ! va/ volcanic cav]ns40 ,ure's ,new ,sys4 ,geol4 p4 #chh4 ,?is fact is s well kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( volcanos1 t x ne$s no fur!r pro(4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 l$ to ! rem>k1 t volcanos are g5]ally situat$ 9 isl&s1 or ne> ! sea coa/4 ,inde$ _m ( !m are subm>9e1 & h actually be5 se5 9 op]ation1 ?r[+ up va/ columns ( wat] to an imm5se height1 until ! edge ( ! crat] appe>$ above ! surface ( ! sea1 & increas$ into isl&s1 :i* h become p]man5t4 ,at su* times ! wat] ( ! sea = a great di/ance r\nd became hot1 fi%es di$2 & ev5 ! pit* melt$ f ! hulks ( ! vessels 9 ! neighborhood4 #b4 ,ano!r !ory has be5 propos$ :i* does n diff] f ! fir/1 9 reg>d to ! mat]ials employ$ at ! seat ( volcanic action1 nor 9 ! mann] ( ! process2 b 9 reg>d to ! condition ( ^? mat]ials :5 !y beg9 to op]ate 9 ! production ( ! ela/ic ag5ts4 ,^! mat]ials may be 9 a /ate ( igne\s fusion 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?4 ,?is /ate is suppos$ to h result$ ?us3 ,:5 ,god creat$ ! sub/ances ( ! e>?1 !y 7 9 an elem5t>y & uncomb9$ /ate1 promiscu\sly mix$ ?r\gh ea* o!r f ! surface to ! c5tre4 ,by 8 ,_s brood+ ov] ! great deep1 caloric & light1 :i* 7 9 a lat5t /ate1 7 call$ into action1 :i* gave impulse & motion to e p>ticle ( matt]1 ?us quick5+ ! :ole mass by produc+ int5se heat4 ,?is w\ld cause ! aque\s & gase\s p>ticles to rise ?r\gh ! mass1 & collect at ! surface4 ,?is w\ld br+ !m 9 contact ) ! metals 9 a pure /ate1 :i* w\ld ( c\rse oxidize1 & become e>?s4 ,?is action w\ld g on until x arre/$ its own progress1 by =m+ & consolidat+ ! oxidat$ cru/ ( ! e>? inclos+ all ! int]ior sub/ances 9 a /ate ( igne\s fusion1 :i* h be5 gradually cool+ ev] s9ce4 ,! primitive rocks1 :i* h a cry/all9e /ructure1 are suppos$ to h be5 deposit$ dur+ ?is process1 z x is evid5t !y c\ld n h cry/alliz$ "u any o!r circum/ances1 & !y are well kn[n to be compos$ ( ! e>?s :i* are only metals 9 a /ate ( oxidation4 ,x is n[ only necess>y to introduce ! wat] to ?is mass ( melt$ matt]1 or any "p ( x1 z 9 ! fir/ !ory to ! metals 9 _! pure /ate1 & we h ! same results 9 all respects4 ,?is !ory has two advantages ov] ! fir/4 ,x agrees be/ ) ! cry/all9e /ructure :i* primitive rocks are kn[n to possess1 & :i* mu/ result f *emical action on ! mat]ials 9 a /ate ( solution4 ,x also seems to accord be/ ) ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! action ( heat & light1 9 assimilat+1 arrang+ & settl+ ! mat]ials ( ! e>?4 ,moreov]1 x is confirm$ by exp]im5ts made on ! temp]ature ( ! e>? at diff]5t dep?s4 ,! foll[+ tables are extract$ f ,mr4 ,ure's ,new ,sy/em ( ,geology1 pp4 #dbf-g4 ,!y accord1 9 _! t5d5cy1 ) ! op9ions ( o!r em95t philosoph]s ?an ^? ^: names appe> 9 ! tables4 ,obs]vations on ! temp]ature ( ! e>?4 ,9 ! m9es ( ,giro-,magny1 ?ree leagues f ,be=t1 ,m4 ,g5sanne f\nd3 ,at #ccc feet1 #ed ,fahr4 #fhj 8 #fb #ajaf 8 #ff #adbi 8 #gc ,9 ! m9es ( ,freyb]g1 ,m4 ,d',aubuisson f\nd ,ext]nal air #da ,9 ! gall]ies #ej #ebh feet1 wat] pool #eb #heh wat] ( a spr+ #eg ,at ,junghohebirke1 ext]nal !rmomet] #cb #ajdj feet1 wat] 0 #fc ,obs]vations by ,capta9 ,lean 9 ! m9es ( ,cornwall4 ,at surface1 9 ,june1 #ei #aah feet deep #fd #dhj 8 #fh #hdj 8 #fi #aadd 8 #gi ,decemb]4 ,at ! surface air #ej #abj feet air #eg #fjj 8 air #ff ---- 8 wat] #fd #ifb 8 air #gj ---- 8 wat] #gd #abjj 8 air #gh ---- 8 wat] #gh ,m4 ,humboldt obta9$ analog\s results 9 _m m9es 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! evid5ce 9 favor ( a p]petually increas+ temp]ature z y desc5d into ! e>?1 & a high] temp]ature =m]ly at ! surface ( ! e>?1 is increas+ daily4 ,see ! conclusion ( ?is pap]4 #c4 ,!re is yet a ?ird !ory1 f\nd$ on voltaic en]gy1 or galvanism & electricity4 ,! application ( ^! ag5ts to ! production ( volcanic action1 _h occurr$ to me1 be=e ,i met ) ! 8,outl9e ( ! c\rse ( ,geological ,lectures1 giv5 9 ,yale ,college10 by ,pr(essor ,silliman1 f :i* ! foll[+ extract is made4 ,i _h n reg>d$ _! application 9 ! same mann] z he has expla9$ x4 ,inde$1 my ?\ghts on ! subject _h n assum$ any def9ite direction4 ,i %all transcribe f 8 8,outl9e10 pp4 #aah-ai1 ins]t$ 9 8,bakewell's ,introduction to ,geology1 fir/ ,am]ican ,edition40 8,:atev] we may ?9k ( ! hypo!sis n[ detail$1 may we n suppose1 ) suffici5t probability1 t ^? voltaic p[]s :i* we "k to exi/--^: action we c comm&1 & ^: effects hav+ be5 fir/ obs]v$ )9 ! memory ( ! pres5t g5]ation1 n[ fill u ) a/oni%m5t1 are con/antly active 9 produc+ ! ph5om5a ( e>?quakes & volcanos8 8,arrangem5ts ( metals & fluids are ! common means by :i* we evolve ?is wond]ful p[]1 9 our laboratories2 & x w\ld seem t no?+ m ?an juxta-position1 9 a c]ta9 ord]1 is necess>y to ! effect4 ,ev5 sub/ances app>5tly dry & in]t1 ) respect to ea* o!r1 w produce a p]man5t1 & 9 proportion to ! means employ$1 a p[]ful effect1 z 9 ! columns ( ,de ,luc & ,zamb\i4 ,x w\ld seem inde$ t metals & fluids are n necess>y to ! effect4 ,arrangem5ts ( almo/ any sub/ances t are ( diff]5t natures1 w cause ! evolution ( ?is p[]4 ,:oev] has witness$ ! ov]:elm+ brilliancy & int5se en]gy ( ! great galvanic comb9ations1 especially ! deflagrator ( ,dr4 ,h>e1 & consid]s h[ v trifl+1 9 ext5t1 are our l>ge/ comb9ations ( app>atus1 comp>$ ) ^? natural arrangem5ts ( e>?s1 salts1 metals1 & fluids1 :i* we "k to exi/ 9 ! e>?1 9 circum/ances simil> to ^? :i*1 9 our laboratories1 are effectual 9 caus+ ?is p[] to appe>1 w n be sl[ to believe t x may be 9 ! e>? p]petually evolv$1 & p]petually r5ew$2 & n[ mitigat$1 suppress$1 or reviv$1 accord+ to circum/ances influ5c+ ! p>ticul> /ate ( ?+s at p>ticul> places4 8,9 our laboratories we see emanat+ f ?is s\rce1 int5se light1 irresi/ible heat1 magnetism 9 great en]gy1 & above all1 a decompos+ p[]1 :i* comm&s equally all ! elem5ts1 & ! proximate pr9ciples 9 all _! comb9ations4 8,sir ,humphrey ,davy1 aft] discov]+ t ! support]s ( combu/ion & ! acids1 7 all evolv$ at ! positive pole1 & ! combu/ibles & metals1 & _! oxidat$ products1 at ! negative--prov$ t ev5 ! firme/ rocks & /ones c\ld n resi/ ?is p[]2 _! imm$iate pr9ciples & elem5ts be+ sep>at$ by its en]gy4 ,! decomposition ( ! alkalies1 e>?s1 & o!r metallic oxides be+ a direct & n[ famili> effect ( voltaic en]gy--_! metals be+ set at lib]ty1 & be+ combu/ible bo? 9 air & wat]--ela/ic ag5ts produc$ by ?is p[]1 & r>ifi$ by heat1 be+ also att5dant on ^! decompositions1 x w\ld seem t ! fir/ pr9ciples are fully e/abli%$ by exp]im5t1 & t no?+ is hypo!tical1 b ! application to ! ph5om5a ( e>?quakes & volcanos40 ,! read] w p]ceive t all ( ! above !ories agree 9 "o respect1 viz2 9 ! ag5cy ( ela/ic bodies1 z /eam & gases1 produc$ by ! decomposition ( sub/ances2 & t ! same sub/ances are suppos$ to be employ$1 ?\gh n precisely 9 ! same mann]1 nor 9 ! same condition4 ,fur!r ,geological & ,*emical exp]im5ts may1 h]eaft]1 settle ! "q betwe5 ^! !ories4 ,!y are all sci5tific 9 _! pr9ciples1 & fully compet5t to ! object1 & x is n impossible b t !y may all be true 9 "p or 9 :ole1 act+ sep>ately 9 "s in/ances1 & comb9$ 9 o!rs4 ,"u ! ag5cy ( ei!r ( !m ! products w\ld be ! same4 ,dr4 ,k5n$y has made exp]im5ts on ! composition ( volcanic products1 & f\nd1 ,silex1 #ea--;,alum9a1 #ai--,lime1 #i4e--,oxide ( iron1 #ad4e--,soda1 #d--,muriatic acid1 #a--;9 #ajj p>ts4 ,z x reg>ds ! ext5t ( volcanic action & e>?quakes1 ! two fir/ !ories agree be/ ) actual appe>ances4 ,!y w\ld lead u to conclude t volcanic action 0 necess>ily m ext5sive 9 ! e>li] ages ( ! _w ?an n[4 ,because1 e action w\ld oxidize ! cru/ ( ! e>? deep]1 & increase ! sup]9cumb5t /rata1 & r5d] ! access ( wat] & air m difficult4 ,?is is f\nd to be ! fact by obs]vation 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,france1 9 :i* k+dom !re is n1 & has n be5 = ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s1 any active volcano1 !re are ranges ( ext9ct volcanos1 9 :i* may be c\nt$ f sev5ty to "o hundr$ crat]s4 ,!y are s close _! bases t\* 9 _m in/ances4 ,! same fact is obs]v$ along ! ,rh9e1 & 9 ,hung>y1 & o!r c\ntries4 ,see ,ure's ,new ,sy/4 ,geol4 & ,bakewell's ,geology4 ,mr4 ,ure reckons up two hundr$ & five active volcanos at ?is "t4 ,"o hundr$ & sev5 9 isl&s1 & n9ety-eight on cont95ts4 ,x is v evid5t t ! seat ( volcanic action is va/ly bel[ ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,! ext5t ( c\ntry :i* is %ak5 by ! ef=t ( ! gases to escape1 w prove ?is4 ,! agitations h be5 felt ov] all ,europe1 & ev5 across ! ,atlantic6 ,aga93 ,if ! action 7 n situat$ f> bel[ ! surface ( ! e>?1 ! m\nta9s1 :i* only s]ve z *imnies1 & :i* h be5 =m$ by ! action ( ! volcanos1 w\ld s9k 94 ,?is has be5 ! case 9 a few in/ances4 ,?is w appe> m cle>ly if we consid] ! am\nt ( matt] eject$4 ,did x n come f an immeasurable di/ance b5ea?1 ! accumulat$ mass at ! surface ( ! e>? w\ld break d[n ! sub/rata :i* lie ov] ! imm5se cav]ns =m$ by ! ejection4 ,! dim5sions ( ^? cav]ns1 situat$ "u ! volcanic m\nta9s1 are f> great] ?an "o w\ld suppose at fir/ consid]ation4 ,! int]nal cav]ns mu/ be z l>ge z ! eject$ masses1 :i* came out ( !m4 tna is kn[n to h ?r[n out matt] suffici5t to =m tw5ty su* m\nta9s z x is4 ,x is /rongly probable t ! :ole isl& ( ,sicily is ( volcanic orig94 ,humboldt says ! dome-%ap$ crat]s ( volcanos rise f six hundr$ to eighte5 ?\s& feet 9 height4 ,he consid]s ! :ole m\nta9\s di/rict ( ,quito z "o imm5se volcano4 ,inde$1 f a close survey ( ! geological features ( ! e>?1 !re is reason to believe1 t at v remote p]iods almo/ ! :ole surface ( our globe has be5 ! !atre ( volcanic action4 ,x is a matt] ( gratitude t its am\nt is gr[+ less e ye>1 ( c\rse ! de/ructions by e>?quakes are m limit$4 ,9 process ( "t1 x may be hop$1 ! e>? may become p]man5tly tranquil1 nor flame1 nor %ake1 until ! f9al cata/rophe1 :i* ,god has orda9$ to de/roy our planet1 by a g5]al & simultane\s action ( all ! fires ( ! e>?4 ,p4,s4 ,x may be ( advantage to recollect1 t ! expansive =ce ( /eam is to t ( gunp[d] z #adj to #e4 ,accord+ to ,vauban1 #adj p\nds ( wat] conv]t$ into vapor w\ld produce an explosion capable ( bl[+ up #gg1jjj p\nds1 :ile #adj p\nds ( gunp[d] c\ld only bl[ up a mass ( #cj1jjj4 ,see ! text "u ! head1 8,,salut>y ,,effects ,,( ,,wat]40 ,,app5dix4 ,on ! temp]ature ( ! e>? anci5tly4 ,t ! temp]ature ( ! e>?'s surface 0 mu* high] 9 ! fir/ ages ( its exi/5ce1 ?an s9ce ! p]iod ( au!ntic hi/ory1 seems n[ to be ne>ly e/abli%$1 9 ! op9ion ( ! le>n$1 & only requires "t to h ! weight ( evid5ce produce its prop] effect on ! great mass ( community4 ,?\gh ?is fact w\ld be appreh5d$ f :at is said above1 x may be desirable to ! read] to see a concise view ( ! reasons :i* induce ?is op9ion4 #a4 ,x may be inf]r$ f ! orig9al con/itution ( ! globe1 & ! *emical action consequ5t ^u x4 ,x has be5 se5 above t ! natural condition ( matt] is cold1 froz51 inactive1 & solid3 & t ! elem5ts ( ?is globe 7 creat$ 9 a simple1 uncomb9$ /ate4 ,if ?is mass ( elem5ts receiv$ a quick5+ impulse1 ! *emical laws ( aff9ity & attraction1 & also ! natural law ( gravitation1 w\ld comm5ce ex]t+ _! influ5ce4 ,?is we "k w\ld create a rise 9 ! temp]ature ( ! :ole mass1 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( matt] act$ on1 & ! =ce ( ! diff]5t pr9ciples & ag5ts :i* 7 9 op]ation4 ,^u consid]ation ( ^! po9ts 9 reg>d to our e>?1 no "o c d\bt b t !y w\ld raise ! temp]ature to an inconceivable height4 ,refrig]ation w\ld comm5ce at ! surface z soon z ! fir/ viol5t action 0 abat$1 & ! wat] & air began to assume _! relative places1 ?r\gh :i* ! heat w\ld escape into cele/ial space4 ,?is refrig]ation w\ld be increas$ by ! oxidation ( ! metals =m+ ! cru/ ( ! e>?1 :i* w\ld conf9e ! int]ior heat m effectually1 because1 ! e>?s are almo/ complete non-conductors ( caloric4 ,?us ! cru/ ( ! e>? w\ld cont9ue to cool1 & ! oxidation w\ld ?ick5 x1 &1 ( c\rse1 contribute to ! r$uction ( its temp]ature4 ,f ?is natural process x is v evid5t t ! e>? 0 mu* w>m] dur+ its fir/ p]iods2 e>?quakes1 & volcanos mu* m common ?an n[1 & a g5]al in/ability 9 ! condition ( our globe4 ,! deluge 0 ! climax ( its alt]nations1 & settl$1 9 "s measure1 its con/itution by a sudd5 & great r$uction ( temp]ature4 #b4 ,x may be inf]r$ f ! va/ ext5t ( volcanic action1 z indicat$ by ! rema9s ( ext9ct volcanos1 & _! effects on ! e>?4 ,?is argum5t is m]ely call$ up "h1 n to be discuss$ at l5g?1 b to be ref]r$ to1 z x has be5 m5tion$ 9 a prec$+ "p ( ?is pap]4 ,x is almo/ impossible = ! ord9>y read]1 :o has n closely /udi$ ! geological ph5om5a :i* pres5t !mselves to ! close obs]v]1 to conceive ( ! ext5t to :i* volcanic action op]at$ anci5tly4 ,x w\ld n be exagg]ation to say1 !re 0 a remote p]iod :5 our globe 0 a s+le volcano3 ! :ole surface ( x be+ subject to its action4 ,?\gh we may ascribe some?+ ( ! =mation ( hills & vallies to ! action ( wat]1 yet1 d\btless1 ! mo/ effectual ag5t 9 upheav+ ! m\nta9s1 & ev5 cont95ts1 possibly1 0 volcanic =ce4 8,^? ranges ( volcanos10 says ! celebrat$ ,humboldt1 8^? eruptions ?r\gh va/ *asms1 ^? subt]ranean ?und]s1 t roll "u ! transition rocks ( porphyry & slate 9 ! new _w1 rem9d u ( ! pres5t activity ( subt]ranean fire1 ( ! p[]1 :i* 9 remote ages1 has rais$ up *a9s ( m\nta9s1 broke ! surface ( ! globe1 & p\r$ torr5ts ( liquid e>? 9 ! mid/ ( ! mo/ anci5t /rata40 ,f ?is con/ant & ext5sive volcanic action we may safely inf] ! high temp]ature ( our e>? anci5tly4 #c4 ,x may be inf]r$ f ! orig9 ( primitive1 trapean1 & basaltic rocks4 ,! primitive rocks1 z granite1 gneiss1 mica slate1 c1 give evid5ce on ?is consid]ation2 !y mu/ h be5 deposit$ :5 _! sub/ance 0 9 solution1 admitt+ ( *emical mobility1 9 ord] t !y might assume a cry/all9e =m :i* !y are kn[n to h4 ,x is n easy to conceive h[ ! sub/ances ( ! primitive rocks c\ld be solv$1 except by heat1 z a pr9cipal solv5t4 ,! acids1 & wat] also1 may h contribut$ to _! solution1 b w\ld n be compet5t ( !mselves4 ,?is consid]ation w\ld give a high temp]ature = ! e>? anci5tly4 ,x is n[ g5]ally admitt$ t ! trap1 & basaltic rocks are ( igne\s orig94 ,:5 we consid] ! magnitude ( ! trap & basalt =mations1 ! ext5t ( surface :i* !y cov]1 ! hills1 & ev5 elevat$ & l(ty m\nta9s :i* !y =m1 we %all n hesitate to assign a high] temp]ature to our e>? at ! p]iod :5 fires1 s imm5se z to effect ! upheav+ & ejection ( all ^!1 actually burn$ 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 #d4 ,x may be inf]r$ f ! well pres]v$ rema9s ( vegetables & animals ( w>m equatorial climates1 9 high nor!rn latitudes :]e !y h n be5 f\nd s9ce ! memory ( man4 ,?is is a conclusive argum5t if its data be well e/abli%$4 ,because1 if tropical & equatorial animals & fruits are n[ f\nd buri$ & fossiliz$ 9 ,sib]ia1 & ! isl&s ( ! arctic sea1 9 su* a /ate ( pres]vation z to =bid ! supposition !y 7 transport$ ?i!r1 x w foll[ inevitably1 t !y grew !re1 & !re fl\ri%$1 di$1 & 7 buri$4 ,moreov]1 if h]bivor\s animals are f\nd fossiliz$ 9 ^? high nor!rn latitudes1 "u su* circum/ances z =bid ! supposition1 t !y 7 transport$ ?i!r1 x w d\btless1 foll[1 t n only !y liv$ !re1 b also luxuriant vegetation mu/ at ! same "t h cov]$ ! pla9s :]e _! rema9s are entomb$4 ,! inf]5ce :i* we are =c$ to draw f ^! data1 is ?is3 ,z no su* tropical & equatorial animals or plants h be5 kn[n to exi/ !re1 nor ev5 h]bage ( any k9d1 on :i* su* animals might subsi/1 s9ce ! memory ( man1 !re 0 a "t anci5tly :5 ! climate suit$ _! gr[?1 & ( c\rse 0 v mu* w>m] ?an x is kn[n to be n[1 its temp]ature !n correspond+ to ! temp]ature ( ! pres5t equatorial regions1 z x produc$ & subsi/$ anci5tly ! animals & plants :i* ! tropical regions produce & subsi/ at ! pres5t "t1 & :i* _c subsi/ 9 any o!r climates4 ,9 pro( ( ! above position1 x is well kn[n t animals & plants h _! peculi> climates1 9 :i* !y are indig5\s1 & out ( :i* !y _c ?rive1 or ev5 live1 if too f> remov$4 ,x is also well kn[n1 t ! w>m]1 & m moi/ ! climate is1 ! m luxuriant ! vegetation1 & ! m huge ! animals4 ,h5ce we are 9 ! habit ( d5om9at+ animals & plants by ! climates 9 :i* !y are indig5\s1 z arctic1 or nor!rn2 tropical1 or s\!rn4 ,let u n[ see if ! tropical animals & plants once liv$ & fl\ri%$ 9 high nor!rn latitudes4 ,! be/ au?orities foll[4 8,we proce$ n[ to exam9e ! rema9s ( quadrup$s3 ^! are f\nd accumulat$ 9 regions :]e simil> animals d n ,,n[ exi/4 ,"s are buri$ deep 9 gypsum4--,"s pres5t !mselves to view1 accumulat$ 9 va/ cav]ns1 & de/itute ( any envelope4 ,! isl&s ( ,la*(1 situat$ to ! ,,nor? ( ,sib]ia1 are1 accord+ to a mod]n travell]1 only heaps ( s&1 ice1 & bones ( elephants & rh9oc]os1 mix$ ) ^? ( great cetace\s animals1 & ev51 agreeably to ! late/ acc\nts1 ) ! rema9s ( gigantic birds4 8,!re h be5 f\nd 9 ,sib]ia1 :ole c>cases ( ! elephant1 cov]$ ) _! ,,fle% & ,,sk91 pres]v$ by ! fro/s :i* prevail 9 ^? regions4--,g]many has furni%$ ! greate/ numb] 7( bones37--,9 ,france a great _m bones ( ! elephant h be5 met )4 8,^! discov]ies1 ?\gh z yet sc>cely comm5c$1 h ?r[n already a new light ^u ! revolutions :i* our globe mu/ h und]gone1 & ^u ! ,,/ates ,,:i* ,,mu/ ,,h ,,prec$$ ,,! ,,pres5t ,,c\rse ,,& ,,con/itution ,,( ,,nature4 8,^! bones1 pres5t+ no trace ( hav+ be5 roll$ up & d[n1 occurr+ only fractur$ z we f9d ^? ( our dome/ic animals1 & sometimes jo9$ toge!r 9 ! =m ( skeletons1 (t5 ev5 z x 7 heap$ up 9 common cemet]ies1 cle>ly demon/rate1 t ! cata/rophe :i* has de/roy$ ! liv+ be+s to :i* !y belong$ mu/ h ov]tak5 !m 9 ! ,,same ,,climates ,,:]e ,,we ,,meet ,,) ,,^! ,,records ,,( ,,_! ,,=m] ,,exi/5ce4 8,! quantity ( n\ri%m5t :i* su* huge animat$ masses requir$1 & _! numb]s1 prov$ by ! exi/5ce ( ! c>nivor\s k9ds1 r5d] x probable t ! c\ntries :]e we f9d _! rema9s ,,once enjoy$ a temp]ature1 if n w>m]1 at lea/ m favorable to vegetation40 ,,malte ,,brun1 ,physical ,geography1 ,book #ab4 ,9 ! above quotations1 ! data on :i* our argum5t re/s are s cle>ly su/a9$ !re ne$s no comm5t4 ,! au?ority giv5 is unque/ionable1 & c\ld be corroborat$ by scores ( weighty names1 & 9 ref]5ce to all ! nor!rn c\ntries ( ,asia1 ,europe1 & ,am]ica4 ,x is impossible to read ! above extracts )\t be+ conv9c$ t ^? tropical & equatorial animals liv$1 fl\ri%$1 & di$ :]e _! rema9s are n[ f\nd4 ,& x is equally impossible to avoid ano!r conclusion2 viz3 t !re mu/ h be5 a heavy vegetation on ^? pla9s1 :]e n[ ! re9-de] c sc>cely pick up a blade ( grass4 ,f ^! convictions no o!r inf]5ce c be drawn1 b t ! temp]ature ( ! frigid zones1 0 anci5tly mu* high] ?an at pres5t2 & ( c\rse ! g5]al temp]ature ( ! e>? also4 ,f ! p]fect pres]vation ( ^! fossil rema9s2 f ! fact t !y are f\nd 9 _! relative position1 bone to bone1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 ) _! hair1 sk91 & fle% undecay$1 x is obvi\s1 ! animals mu/ h p]i%$ by a cata/rophe :i* ov]:elm$ !m sudd5ly1 & 01 in/antane\sly foll[$ by a freez+ ( ! ov]:elm+ wat]s4 ,su* 0 ! cata/rophe ( ! scripture deluge1 :i* physically 0 compet5t to p]=m ! ph5om5a1 z %all be %[n pres5tly4 ,let u n[ see if we d n arrive at ! same conclusion by exam9+ ! fossil ,,vegetables4 ,at ,portl&1 ,engl&1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,buckl& f9ds fossil plants ak9 to ! cycas family ( ,malab>1 f :i* he concludes1 8x is probable t ! climate ( ^! regions1 at ! "t :5 ! oolites 7a s]ies ( rocky /rata7 7 deposit$1 0 ( ! same w>m temp]ature ) t 7! tropical7 :i* produces a l>ge proportion ( ! exi/+ cycade40 ,,ure1 ,new ,sy/4 ,geol4 p4 #dcc4 8,! rem>kable developm5t ( ^! vegetables 7equisetums7 dur+ ! fir/ 7or coal measure7 p]iod ( vegetation1 & _! size 9 ! second 7or oolitic7 p]iod1 small] ?an be=e1 b /ill f> great] ?an our exi/+ equisetums1 accord ) _m o!r facts1 furni%$ by fossil vegetables ( _m o!r families1 to lead u to reg>d ! climate ( ! e>?1 at ^! remote epo*s1 to h be5 hott] ?an ! hotte/ ( mod]n climates40 ,ibid1 p4 #ddc4 8,!re is no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t palms ) fan-%ap$ leaves cov]$ ,europe ) _! l(ty vegetation at ?is remote p]iod1 9 regions :]e no species ( ^! plants c\ld ,,n[ gr[60 ,ibid1 p4 #deb4 ,! palm is well kn[n to be a tropical plant1 & _c ?rive1 except 9 a w>m climate4 ,! climate ( ,europe1 :5 x grew 9 ! nor?1 mu/ h be5 tropical4 ,inde$1 9 all p>ts ( nor!rn ,europe tropical fl[]s1 leaves1 & fruits are f\nd 9 su* a /ate ( pres]vation z to conv9ce ! mo/ incr$ul\s1 t !y mu/ h gr[n on ! spot2 :i* w\ld be to conv9ce him ( ! high temp]ature1 anci5tly1 ( ^? regions4 8,pr(essor ,k\niz9 describes 9 ! ,isis = #ahba1 imm5se b$s ( fossil wood 9 sev]al localities ( ! gov]nm5ts ( ,novogorod & ,tw] 9 ! nor? ( ,russia1 :]e no su* trees are n[ f\nd to gr[4 8,ne> ,con/& on ! riv] ,neck]1 ,m4 ,aut5rie? f\nd an entire =e/ ( ! trunks ( palm trees1 buri$ along ) ! rema9s ( elephants40 ,ure1 ,ibid1 p4 #dee4 8,! fossil %ells f\nd 9 ! /rata ( ,engl&1 & ,france1 & ! contigu\s c\ntries1 hav+ = ! mo/ "p1 no antitypes alive except 9 equatorial regions1 h>monize ) ! prec$+ details40 ,ibid1 p4 #def4 ,to ! above te/imony might be add$ ! caves 9 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 & ,france1 9 :i* great quantities ( bones are f\nd 9 su* a /ate ( pres]vation1 & "u su* circum/ances z to %[ t ! animals ^: bones are f\nd 7 9 ! habit ( frequ5t+ ^! caves1 & p]i%$ 9 !m sudd5ly1 z _! rema9s are f\nd mix$ ) s& & gravel1 b n wat]-worn4 ,( ^! bones1 ! great majority are ^? ( ! hyna2 h5ce ^! d5s1 specially 9 ,engl&1 are call$ hyna d5s4 ,9 !m are also f\nd ! bones ( o!r animals gnaw$ by ! hynas4 ,f ^! facts !re c be no d\bt b ! hyna inhabit$ ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,g]many1 & dwelt 9 ^! caves1 & "h p]i%$ :5 ! sudd5 cata/rophe ( ! flood ov]took him4 ,?is argues beyond d\bt t ^! c\ntries 7 once w>m1 :5 ^! tropical animals liv$ 9 !m4 #e4 ,! same fact may be inf]r$ f ! imm5se am\nt ( vegetable matt] :i* 0 necess>y to supply ! mat]ials = ! coal measures4 ,?is is an irresi/ible argum5t 9 view ( ! imm5se am\nt ( coal 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 :i* mu/ be ( vegetable orig94 ,because at ! ratio ( vegetable product ( our age1 ! e>? w\ld n produce a suffici5t am\nt to =m ! coalb$s1 %ort ( millions ( ye>s4 ,! vegetative p[] ( ! e>?1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 anci5tly v mu* great] ?an at pres5t1 :i* c\ld only be on ! supposition ( a w>m] & m moi/ climate4 ,moreov]1 ! fact t tropical plants are kn[n to h contribut$ almo/ entirely to ! =mation ( coal measures 9 ! nor!rn latitudes1 is pro( direct4 ,?is is cle> f ! fact t _! roots1 /ems1 leaves1 fl[]s1 & fruits are f\nd impress$ on ! coal1 9 su* a mann] t !re c be no mi/ake2 & ! p]fection ( ! impression =bids ! supposition t !y 7 transport$ ?i!r f tropical climates4 8,br[n coal & black coal1 ! =m] sometimes call$ wood coal1 is f\nd *iefly 9 diluvial or alluvial gr\nd4 ,x conta9s1 besides *>coal & bitum51 v>i\s vegetable pr9ciples1 & ! bran*es or trunks ( trees p>tially decompos$1 :i* m>k ! orig9 ( ?is k9d ( coal40 ,bakewell's ,geology1 p4 #aaa4 8,wood coal1 or br[n coal1 is f\nd 9 l[ situations & appe>s to h be5 =m$ ( heaps ( trees buri$ by inundations "u b$s ( clay1 s&1 or gravel4--,9 "s specim5s ( ?is coal ! vegetable fibre1 or gra91 is p]ceptible 9 "o "p1 & ! o!r "p is r$uc$ to coal40 ,ibid1 p4 #aba4 8,9 wood coal we may almo/ seize nature 9 ! fact ( mak+ coal1 be=e ! process is complet$4 ,^! =mations ( coal are ( f> m rec5t date ?an t ( common coal1 ?\gh _! orig9 mu/ be ref]r$ to a =m] condition ( our globe1 :5 ! vegetable productions ( tropical climates fl\ri%$ 9 nor!rn latitudes4 ,! vegetable orig9 ( common m9]al coal appe>s to be e/abli%$ by its association ) /rata ab\nd+ 9 vegetable impressions1 by its close simil>ity to wood coal1 7:i* is und\bt$ly a vegetable product7 & la/ly by ! decisive fact1 t "s m9]al coal 9 ! ,dudley coal-field is entirely compos$ ( ! lay]s ( m9]aliz$ plants40 ,ibid1 p4 #abb4 8,:5 we see ! multitude ( re$s fill$ & surr\nd$ ) s&/one1 hav+ _! ?9 scaly b>k conv]t$ into a true coal1 x is impossible to d\bt ( its vegetable orig940 ,ure's ,new ,sy/em ,geol4 p4 #aff4 ,quotations f ! be/ au?orities might be multipli$ to ! same effect1 b x is deem$ unnecess>y4 ,x rema9s to repeat ! "q1 ,c\ld su* an am\nt ( vegetable matt] h be5 accumulat$1 %ort ( millions ( ye>s1 at ! ratio ( ! pres5t vegetative p[]s ( ! e>?8 ,x is impossible4 ,! only rema9+ conclusion is1 ! vegetative p[] ( ! e>? anci5tly 0 mu* great] ?an at pres5t1 :i* c\ld n h be5 except its temp]ature 0 mu* high] also4 ,9 conclusion on ?is "q1 x is necess>y to say1 t ! r$uction ( ! e>?'s temp]ature w\ld be gradual1 9 a natural way1 by ! heat fly+ (f into cele/ial spaces1 until ! cru/ became s ?ick & compact z to prove a p]fect non-conductor ( caloric4 ,!n ! surface ( ! e>? w\ld dep5d on ! heat+ p[] ( ! sun altoge!r4 ,! ?ick5+ ( ! cru/ ( ! e>? w\ld be att5d$ ) e>?quakes1 volcanos1 & p>tial deluges1 ! natural & necess>y results ( ! oxidations ( ! metals4 ,h5ce we w\ld h diff]5t /rata ( rocks1 s&1 gravel1 c1 deposit$ at diff]5t times1 & ov] diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,h5ce also =e/s w\ld be ov]?r[n1 & ! vegetation ( ye>s be ?r[n toge!r 9 ! ne>e/ lakes or seas2 :i* expla9s ! orig9 ( coal-bas9s4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s also well expla9s ! alt]nations ( /rata ( diff]5t k9ds1 z s&1 gravel1 *alk1 fre% & salt wat] deposites1 c1 z well z ! dislocations1 fractures1 contortions1 & confusions obs]vable 9 ! /ructure ( ! e>?'s cru/4 ,!re are h[ev] v>i\s ph5om5a :i* indicate cle>ly t !re 0 a g5]al & sudd5 r$uction ( temp]ature4 ,! /ate ( pres]vation1 9 :i* ^? animals 9 ,sib]ia are f\nd1 proves ?is4 ,! ve/igia ( ! la/ great revolution 9 our globe cle>ly indicate ! ,,deluge to h be5 ! cause ( ?is g5]al & sudd5 r$uction ( temp]ature4 ,?is w\ld be ! natural consequ5ce ( subm]g+ ! e>? 9 wat]3 & ! sudd5ness ( ! ev5t is well atte/$ bo? by ! scriptures1 & ! physical hi/ory ( our e>?4 ,! action ( ! deluge does n come )9 ! contemplation ( ?is volume1 & !re=e w n be notic$ "h4 ,! air is ano!r /oreh\se ( fire4 ,:5 lucid igne\s p>ticles are /rongly attract$ to "o ano!r 9 great quantities1 _! heat becomes intol]able1 & is capable ( de/roy+ ! mo/ solid bodies4 ,x is well kn[n1 t :5 conv]g$ 9 ! focus ( "o ( ,h>tsock]'s burn+-glasses1 !y w produce wond]ful effects3 t91 lead1 or any s(t metal1 w dissolve at ! fir/ t\*2 & iron1 :i* requires a v /rong fire = liquefaction1 w melt be=e "o ( ^! glasses almo/ z soon z appli$4 ,!y w consume wood1 ?\gh wet1 9 a mom5t2 vitrify bricks & pumice /ones1 & dissolve e>!n vessels full ( wat]2 & plume-allum1 :i* w resi/ ! fire ( ! hotte/ glass-h\ses1 )\t alt]ation1 is in/antly melt$4 ,ev5 gold1 t resi/s ! =ce ( common fire1 is soon liquefi$ by _! p[]ful ag5cy4 ,?is pla9ly %[s u t1 provid$ !re 7 n a wise & almighty ,provid5ce1 sup]9t5d+ all 8 works1 ^? mat]ials :i* are ( ! greate/ utility to ! h>mony & ord] ( ?+s1 w\ld h a direct t5d5cy to de/roy ! :ole4 ,if lucid igne\s p>ticles 7 to =m solid bodies1 & dep>t f _! /ate ( fluidity1 !y w\ld1 9 an in/ant1 r$uce ?is globe to a%es1 or r5d] x liquid fire4 ,7 !y all ( "o k9d1 x is probable !y might unite 9 solid bodies2 b ! wisdom ( ,provid5ce has =m$ !m ( v>i\s colors1 & ( diff]5t reflections & refrangibility4 ,?is prev5ts !m f associat+ 9 su* a mann] z to d h>m1 :i* c only be produc$ by conv]g+ !m ) "s in/rum5t :i* prev5ts _! fly+ (f4 ,z all ^! h n ! same degree ( reflexibility & refrangibility1 b z "s are capable ( great] reflections & refractions ?an o!rs1 !y _c1 )\t =ce1 be unit$ 9 "o solid body1 yet !y are all s]viceable = important purposes1 contribut+ to ! happ9ess ( man1 & ! welf>e ( all liv+ creatures4 ,consid]+ ! ext5t ( fire1 & t its prop]ty is1 :5 put into motion1 to consume all combu/ible sub/ances )9 its rea*1 x is a/oni%+ t ! _w has n long s9ce be5 de/roy$6 ,?is t]rible elem5t is at pres5t re/ra9$ & direct$ by its almighty ,creator2 b div9e revelation in=ms u1 t a p]iod w arrive :5 its utmo/ en]gies %all be call$ into action4 ,! apo/le ,pet] ass]ts1 t 8! heav5s & e>?1 :i* are n[1 by ! same ^w are kept 9 /ore1 res]v$ unto fire aga9/ ! day ( judgm5t & p]dition ( ungodly m52--9 ! :i* ! heav5s %all pass away ) a great noise1 & ! elem5ts %all melt ) f]v5t heat2 ! e>? also1 & ! works t are !re9 %all be burnt up40 ,aga9 he says1 8look+ = & ha/+ unto ! com+ ( ! day ( ,god1 :]e9 ! heav5s be+ on fire %all be dissolv$1 & ! elem5ts %all melt ) f]v5t heat40 ,! pass+ away ( ! heav5s means ! same z _! be+ dissolv$ by fire4 ,! ^w signifies ) a v l\d & t]rible noise3 ) a s\nd resembl+ t ( a great /orm4 ,9 ?is place x m p>ticul>ly d5otes ! horrid crackl+ noise ( a wide-spread+ fire4 8,! cl\d-capp'd t[]s1 ! gorge\s palaces1 ,! solemn temples1 ! great globe itself ,yea1 all :i* x inh]it1 %all dissolve2 ,&1 l ! baseless fabric ( a vision1 ,leave n a wreck beh9d40 ,! ^w r5d]$ melt1 is a metaphor tak5 f metals1 dissolv+ 9 ! fire1 or wax be=e ! flame2 s w ! fi]ce & spread+ fire ( ! la/ day melt d[n ?is globe1 & its surr\nd+ atmosph]e4#cf ,t ! _w 0 to be dissolv$ by fire 0 ! op9ion ( ,anaxim&]1 ,anaxiphanes1 ,anaxagoras1 ,ar*elaus1 ,diog5es1 & ,leucippus4#cg ,! inf]5ce :i* ! apo/le d$uces f ?is view ( ! g5]al & f9al conflagration ( ! _w1 is highly impressive4 8,see+ !n t all ^! ?+s %all be dissolv$1 :at mann] ( p]sons ought ye to be 9 all holy conv]sation & godl9ess40 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,iii4--,,light4 ,motion ( lum9\s & fi]y p>ticles ! fir/ cause ( light -- ,light ! mo/ simple body --,velocity ( light -- ,light diffusive -- ,light ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* objects become visible -- ,light beautiful1 or its rays ( diff]5t colors -- ,light a visible resemblance ( its ,div9e ,au?or1 9 8 spirituality1 simplicity1 purity1 en]gy1 goodness1 manife/ation1 glory4 ,moses1 9 ! orig9al ^w aur1 seems pla9ly to h9t at ! op]ation ( a pr9ciple 9 ! univ]se :i*1 z a second cause1 produc$ ! ph5om5on ( light4 ,?is1 mo/ probably1 0 ! motion ( ! lum9\s & fi]y p>ticles 9 ! *aotic mass :i*1 at ! ,div9e comm&1 sep>at$ !mselves f ! o!r gross mat]ials ( ! miscellane\s composition1 & by an attractive sympa?y associat$ 9 "o body4 ,x is conjectur$1 t light 0 at fir/ impress$ on "s "p ( ! heav5s1 or collect$ 9 "s lucid body4 ,dr4 ,wall says1 ,?\gh ! sun 0 n yet =m$ into a compact body1 yet ! mo/ subtile & active p>ticles _h already begun to fly toge!r to ! c5tre ( ! sol> sy/em1 :i* gave "s light2 ?\gh probably n s great z :5 aft]w>d !y made ! compact body ( ! sun4 ,& ! e>?1 :i* 0 !n only a r\nd lump ( mud1 or muddy salt-wat]1 be+ turn$1 z x has be5 ev] s9ce1 ^u its own axis1 receiv+ t light on its sev]al hemisph]es successively1 made night & day1 or ev5+ & morn+4 ,milton gives 8 op9ion 9 ! foll[+ l9es3 8,let !re be light6 said ,,god2 & =?) light ,e!real1 fir/ ( ?+s1 qu9tess5ce pure1 ,sprung f ! deep2 & f h] native ea/ ,to j\rney ?r\gh ! a]y gloom began1 ,sph]'d 9 a radiant cl\d2 7= yet ! sun ,0 n27 %e 9 a cl\dy tab]nacle ,soj\rn'd ! :ile40 ,light1 aft] a %ort progression1 conc5trat$ 9 ! sun1 ! common c5tre ( our sy/em2 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ?is sy/em1 by 8 c5tral light or fire1 are balanc$1 &1 by mutual attraction1 move 9 ! expanse1 accord+ to fix$ laws1 or det]m9$ di/ances4#ch ,light 0 once consid]$ to be a prop]ty or quality ( matt] only2 b m rec5tly x has be5 discov]$ to be a body1 a v subtile fluid1 consi/+ ( m9ute p>ticles4 ,we h no c]ta9 k ( its nature2 ?\gh a collection ( its rays make o!r ?+s visible1 yet its con/itu5t p>ts !mselves are mo/ exquisitely small1 & q imp]ceptible2 & !re=e x approa*es ! ne>e/ to ! nature ( _s4#ci ,( all mat]ial bodies1 light is ! mo/ simple4 ,mo/ o!rs are comp\nd$ ( sev]al p>ts1 n only ( diff]5t1 b sometimes ( contr>y natures3 b light is an unmix$ body4 ,x is also a mo/ pure matt]2 ,x has no defilem5t 9 itself1 nei!r is x capable ( contract+ pollution f o!r objects4 ,:5 x %9es ^u a dunghill or sepul*re1 :i* s5ds =? ! mo/ (f5sive effluvia1 x /ill rema9s uncontam9at$4 ,! au?or is und\bt$ly mi/ak5 :5 he consid]s light 8( all mat]ial bodies--! mo/ simple10 & 8an unmix$ body40 ,x is well kn[n t a beam1 or p5cil1 ( light1 z emitt$ f ! sun1 is n a simple body1 b is capable ( be+ divid$ into sev5 prismatic colors4 ,! image :i* is =m$ by ! refraction ( ! p5cil1 by means ( a prism1 is call$ a ,spectrum1 & cle>ly exhibits ! comp\nd nature ( light4 ,! refract$ rays ( ! ,spectrum may be collect$ & made to con/itute a p5cil ( light aga91 :i* w be :ite1 or colorless z be=e4 ,if ?is prismatic ,spectrum be exam9$ closely1 x w be f\nd t ! diff]5t color$ rays diff] v mu* 9 _! heat+1 illum9at+1 & *emical p[]s4 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell1 & o!r exp]im5t]s1 h f\nd t ! orange rays possess a great] illum9at+ p[] ?an ! r$2 & ! yell[ m ?an ! orange3 b ! maximums ( illum9ation lies 9 ! brighte/ yell[ or pale/ gre54 ,!re is also a v s5sible diff]5ce 9 ! heat+ p[] ( ^! color$ rays4 ,by pass+ ! bulb ( a delicate air !rmomet] ?r\gh ! diff]5t color$ rays1 x indicates ! greate/ heat 9 ! r$ rays2 next 9 ! gre51 & s on dim9i%+ to ! violet4 ,b ! maximum ( heat has be5 asc]ta9$ to be imm$iately beyond ! r$ rays1 & ( c\rse out ( ! ,spectrum1 9 an unillum9at$ spot3 ?us indicat+ t !re are invisible rays possess+ a great] heat+ p[] ?an any ( ! sev5 color$ rays4 ,^! are call$ calorific rays4 ,by ! exp]im5ts ( ,ritt] & ,walla/on x is n[ satisfactorily asc]ta9$ t !re are also *emical rays :i* excite nei!r heat nor light1 & lie on ! o!r side ( ! ,spectrum f ! invisible calorific rays1 j )\t ! violet4 ,x is true1 ! *emical effect c be di/+ui%$ ev5 to ! gre5 rays1 b ?is seems to be by diffusion1 or a species ( sympa?y4 ,! s5sible *emical p[] is ex]t$ j )\t ! violet rays4 ,?is fact is e/abli%$ m cle>ly by ,b]>d4 ,he conc5trat$1 by a l5s1 all ! portion ( ! ,spectrum f ! gre5 to ! r$ rays1 & made !m act on muriate ( silv] two h\rs )\t effect4 ,he !n conc5trat$ all ! portion ( ! ,spectrum f ! gre5 to ! violet rays1 & made !m act on muriate ( silv]1 & !y black5$ x 9 less ?an six m9utes4 ,?us1 evid5tly1 are detect$ v diff]5t prop]ties 9 ! diff]5t portions ( ! prismatic ,spectrum4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( light be+ a 8simple sub/ance10 & 8unmix$0 x is f\nd to be decid$ly comp\nd4 ,x is capable ( be+ divid$ into sev5 diff]5tly color$ rays1 & ^! rays1 accord+ to _! natural prop]ties1 into ?ree classes3 ! illum9at+ rays1 calorific rays1 & *emical rays4 ,! rays ( light always proce$ 9 /raight l9es1 unless div]t$ by "s int]v5+ body4 ,!y are subject to ! laws ( attraction l o!r small bodies4 ,if a /ream ( light be admitt$ ?r\gh a small hole into a d>k room1 & ! edge ( a knife be appli$1 x w be div]t$ f its natural c\rse1 & inflect$ t[>ds x4 ,:5 ! rays ( light are ?r[n back by any oppos+ body1 !y are said to be reflect$4 ,:5 9 pass+ f "o m$ium to ano!r1 !y are inflect$ or div]t$ f _! rectil9eal c\rse1 !y are said to be refract$2 & ?is prop]ty ( light is call$ its refrangibility4 ,refraction arises f ?is1 t ! rays are m attract$ by a d5se1 ?an by a r>e m$ium4 ,! velocity ( light is prodigi\s1 & almo/ incr$ible2 x moves at ! rate ( ne> #bjj1jjj miles 9 a second ( "t6 ,roem]1 a ,dani% philosoph]1 0 ! fir/ :o f\nd ! means ( det]m9+ ! velocity ( light1 by ! diff]5ce ( "t 9 ! eclipses ( ,jupit]'s satellites1 :5 ! e>? 0 on ! same1 or on ! contr>y side ( ! sun1 ) t planet4 ,?is po9t may be easily prov$2 = :5 ! e>? is betwe5 ! sun & ?is planet1 ^? eclipses w happ5 ab\t #h m9utes soon]1 ?an accord+ to ! tables2 b :5 ! e>? is 9 ! contr>y position1 ! eclipses happ5 ab\t #h m9utes lat] ?an !y are pr$ict$ by ! tables4 ,h5ce1 !re=e1 light takes up ab\t #h m9utes 9 pass+ f ! sun to ! e>?1 a di/ance ( #ie1eac1gid miles2 & x takes ab\t #af m9utes ( "t to g ?r\gh a space equal to ! diamet] ( ! e>?'s orbit1 :i* is at lea/ #aij millions ( miles 9 l5g?2 :i* is ne> a million ( miles swift] ?an ! motion ( a cannon-ball1 :i* flies ) ! velocity ( ab\t a mile 9 eight seconds4#dj ,9 comp>+ ?is velocity ( light ) t ( a cannon-ball1 x has be5 obs]v$1 t light passes ?r\gh a space 9 ab\t eight m9utes1 :i* a cannon-ball ) its ord9>y velocity1 c\ld n trav]se 9 less ?an ?irty-two ye>s6 ,! velocity ( s\nd be>s a v small proportion to t ( light4 ,light travels1 9 ! space ( eight m9utes1 a di/ance 9 :i* s\nd c\ld n be communicat$ 9 sev5te5 ye>s2 & ev5 our s5ses may conv9ce u1 if we att5d to ! explosion ( gunp[d]1 c1 ( ! almo/ inf9ite velocity ( ! "o comp>$ ) t ( ! o!r4#da ,7 ! propagation ( ! rays ( light less rapid1 ! d>kness w\ld be v sl[ly dissipat$1 & great inconv5i5ces w\ld result to ! inhabitants ( ! e>?4 ,! divisibility ( ! p>ts ( matt] is no :]e m app>5t ?an 9 ! m9ut5ess ( ! p>ticles ( light4 ,! unob/ruct$ rays ( light :i* proce$ f a c&le1 w1 almo/ in/antane\sly1 fill a space ( two miles2 & x has be5 comput$1 says ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory1 t !re fly out ( ! end ( ! flame ( a burn+ c&le1 9 a second ( "t1 t5 ?\s& millions ( times m su* p>ticles ?an !re are visible gra9s ( s& 9 ! :ole e>?4 ,dr4 ,nieuw5tyt has comput$1 t an in* ( c&le1 :5 conv]t$ to light1 becomes divid$ into #bfi1fag1jdj p>ts1 ) #dj ciph]s annex$2 at :i* rate !re mu/ issue out ( x1 :5 burn+1 #dah1ffj1 ) #ci ciph]s m1 p>ticles 9 ! second ( a m9ute2 va/ly m ?an a ?\s& times a ?\s& million ( times ! numb] ( s&s ! :ole e>? c conta92 reckon+ t5 in*es to "o foot1 & t #ajj s&s are equal to "o in*4#db ,z s\nd is propagat$ only at ! rate ( #a1adb feet 9 a second1 a p>ticle ( light mu/ be #ghf1jjj times m subtile ?an a p>ticle ( air4 ,if ! p>ticles ( light 7 n extremely small1 _! velocity w\ld be highly de/ructive4 ,inde$1 7 !y equal 9 bulk to ! two million? "p ( a gra9 ( s&1 ?is impulse w\ld n be less ?an s& %ot f ! m\? ( a cannon4 ,if ! p>ticles ( light _h m d5sity1 !y w\ld n only dazzle u by _! spl5dor1 b injure u by _! heat4 ,!re is no creature ( ,god t diffuses itself1 & ^: influ5ce rea*es s f> & wide1 & fills s l>ge a vacuum1 z light4 ,all t inconceivable space betwe5 ?is globe & ! fix$ />s1 a di/ance :i* numb]s _c rea*1 is replete ) light4 ,nay1 ! space 9 :i* x is diffus$ is n less ?an ! univ]se itself2 ! imm5sity ( :i* exce$s ! conception ( human und]/&+4 ,x is f ?is almo/ unlimit$ diffusion ( light t ! v remote/ ( ! heav5ly bodies 9 ! sol> sy/em become disc]nible1 ei!r by ! nak$ eye or by telescopes4 ,& _h we in/rum5ts t c\ld c>ry our sight z f> z ! light is ext5d$1 we %\ld discov] ^? bodies :i* are plac$ at ! v extremity ( ! univ]se4#dc ,light is ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* objects become visible to u4 ,x is ow+ to x1 t we are enabl$ to behold & contemplate ! wond]ful works ( ! great ,creator2 to discov] unexplor$ sy/ems 9 ! trackless regions ( unb\nd$ space1 to imbibe k f ?+s creat$1 to hold int]c\rse ) ea* o!r1 to /e] ! holl[ b>k to di/ant climes1 & to inve/igate ! records ( all sci5ce4 ,)\t its aid1 ! _w w\ld h be5 an inhospitable wild]ness1 involv$ 9 sable %ades ( p]petual night4 8,truly ! light is sweet1 & a pleasant ?+ x is = ! eyes to behold x40 ,light beautifies e delightful object :i* comes )9 ! rea* ( its rays4 8,nature's respl5d5t robe6 ,)\t ^: ve/+ beauty all 7 wrapt ,9 uness5tial gloom40 ,all colors are rays ( light diff]5tly reflect$4 ,! cause ( _! div]sity 0 fir/ rationally acc\nt$ = by ,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,he has %[n t color is n a specific prop]ty ( bodies1 b is caus$ by ! diff]5t rays ( light be+ reflect$ f ! surface ( ! body2 ! re/ ( ! rays pass+ into or ?r\gh ! body4 ,he discov]$ t 9 ! rays ( light are all ! colors 9 nature2 & ! prim>y colors he consid]$ to be sev5 9 numb]1 namely1 r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo & violet2 & t bodies appe> ( diff]5t colors1 z !y h ! prop]ty ( reflect+ "s rays m p[]fully ?an o!rs4 ,^! colors are poetically enum]at$ by ,?omson4 8,fir/ ! flam+ r$ ,sprung vivid =?2 ! tawny orange next2 ,& next delici\s yell[2 by ^: side ,fell ! k9d beams ( all-refre%+ gre53 ,!n ! pure blue1 t swells autumnal skies1 ,e!real play'd2 & !n1 ( sadd] hue1 ,em]g'd ! deep5'd indigo1 z :5 ,! heavy-skirt$ ev5+ droops ) fro/2 ,:ile ! la/ gleam+s ( refract$ light ,dy'd 9 ! fa9t+ violet away40 ,s9ce ! "t ( ?is ju/ly celebrat$ philosoph]1 x has be5 object$1 t ! sev5 colors above m5tion$ are n primitive4 ,x seems v obvi\s t !re c be only ?ree primitive colors1 namely1 r$1 yell[1 & blue2 s9ce all ! colors c be made by means ( ^!4 ,x has lately be5 advanc$ by ,prieur1 t ! primitive colors are violet1 gre51 & r$2 t ! yell[ is =m$ ) r$ & gre51 ! latt] be+ 9 excess2 & t :5 ! r$ is 9 excess1 !y =m orange2 ! gre5 & violet =m blue4 ,! colors excit$ by ! diff]5t refrangible rays d n appe> to det]m9e :at are ! primitive colors1 s9ce we f9d t diff]5t rays are capable ( produc+ ! same color1 z a mixture ( ! yell[ ) ! r$ produces orange4 ,& x mu/ be admitt$1 t ! violet rays excite1 9 "s degree1 ! idea ( r$ along ) ! blue2 z 9 ! gre51 ! yell[ & blue may be disc]n$1 b none ( ! r$4 ,:5 ! diff]5t color$ rays are mix$ toge!r1 ei!r by recomposition1 or by gett+ ea* color by a sep>ate ,spectrum1 ! result w be :ite light4 ,h5ce ,sir ,isaac ,newton conclud$1 t :5 ! rays are promiscu\sly reflect$ f any surface x w appe> :ite4 ,he also f\nd1 & ! discov]y has s9ce be5 confirm$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,h]s*ell1 t ! diff]5t color$ rays h n by any means ! same illum9at+ p[]4 ,! violet rays appe> to h ! lea/ lum9\s effect1 ! indigo m1 ! blue a little m1 ! gre5 v great1 betwe5 ! gre5 & ! yell[ ! greate/ ( all1 ! yell[ ! same z ! gre51 & ! r$ less ?an ! yell[4#dd ,f exp]im5ts x is f\nd1 t ^? rays ( light are ( ! l>ge/ quantity t pa9t ! brighte/ colors2 & ( all ^!1 ! r$ rays h ! lea/ refrangibility4 ,)\t light vegetables w\ld h no color1 b w\ld appe> :ite2 ?is has be5 rem>kably illu/rat$ by ,pr(essor ,robison4 ,"s bodies absorb "o color$ ray1 o!rs ano!r1 :ile !y reflect ! re/4 ,?is is ! cause ( color 9 bodies4 ,a r$ body1 = in/ance1 reflects ! r$ rays & absorbs ! re/4 ,a :ite body reflects all ! rays1 & absorbs none2 :ile a black body1 on ! contr>y1 absorbs all ! rays1 & reflects none3#de ?is %[s1 t black color$ app>el is v improp] dur+ ! heat ( summ]1 or 9 tropical climates4 ,!re is "o difficulty sc>cely m5tion$1 & surely n acc\nt$ =1 9 ! prec$+ *apt]3 i4e4 ,h[ are we to reconcile ! creation ( light on ! fir/ day1 & ! creation ( ! sun n until ! f\r?8 ,?is has be5 a /&+ proposition s9ce ! revival ( le>n+4 ,!re c be no d\bt b ! acc\nt ( ! creation1 arrangem5t & nature ( ! _w1 z giv5 by ,moses1 is correct2 & w\ld s appe> to ! mo/ philosophically sci5tific1 c\ld we asc]ta9 c]ta9ly ! mean+ ( ! sacr$ hi/orian1 & did we und]/& p]fectly ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,x is reasonable to suppose t ! discov]ies 9 natural philosophy w\ld t5d to influ5ce ! explanations ( ,moses' acc\nt4 ,?is is ! fact4 ,^! discov]ies h produc$ two !ories 9 reg>d to light3 ,! vibratory1 or ,c>tesian2 & ! corpuscul>1 or ,newtonian4 ,! ,newtonian !ory supposes ! sun to be ! orig9al & pr9cipal s\rce ( light2 & t light is emitt$ f ! sun's surface 9 inconceivably small corpuscles1 9 su* rapid succession1 & 9 /raight l9es1 z to seem a cont9u\s ray1 ?\gh1 9 reality1 ! p>ticles are a ?\s& miles ap>t 9 _! approa* to ! e>?4 ,?is is ! mo/ popul> ( mod]n !ories1 & ! only "o1 z ,i recollect1 employ$ by comm5tators 9 illu/rat+ ! acc\nt ( ,moses2 or r 9 solv+ ! difficulty by reconcil+ ?is !ory ) 8 acc\nt4 ,"s h suppos$ ! sun 0 creat$ long be=e1 our e>?1 & t 8 beams took effect on our e>?1 z n[1 on ! f\r? day f 8 creation4 ,o!rs h suppos$ t ! sun & e>? 7 creat$ simultane\sly1 b t ! sun's beams did n fully p5etrate our atmosph]e1 s z to make himself di/9ctly visible z n[1 until ! f\r? day4 ,9 bo? ^! cases x is suppos$ t ! words ( ,moses1 9 reg>d to ! creation ( ! sun on ! f\r? day1 are to be int]pret$ ( 8 appe>ance1 & influ5ce on ! e>?1 by disp5s+ light4 ,b ?is does n acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( light f ! fir/ to ! f\r? day4 ,?is is an insup]able objection "h4 ,f9d+ ! =ego+ !ories press$ ) ?is insurm\ntable difficulty1 o!r comm5tators h suppos$1 ,light 0 a real sub/ance1 creat$ simultane\sly1 & 9 conjunction ) ! orig9al *aotic mass ( our e>?2 & :5 ,god said 8,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light10 ,he1 by 8 div9e p[]1 caus$ ! *aotic light to sep>ate itself f ! e>?1 &1 dep>t+1 to cond5se 9 ! body ( ! sun2 or1 z "s w\ld probably say1 9 view ( ,dr4 ,h]s*ell's sol> discov]ies1 9 ! phosphoric cl\ds :i* surr\nd ! real body ( ! sun4 ,9 ?is case1 if ! light conc5trat$ 9 ! body ( ! sun1 !n t lum9>y mu/ be a body ( cond5s$ light3 if 9 ! sol> phosphoric cl\ds ( ,dr4 ,h]s*ell1 !n ^? cl\ds w\ld be cond5s$ light4 ,?is body ( cond5s$ light is consid]$ ! s\rce ( our sol> light1 :i* flies (f f x 9 ! =m ( rays or beams4 ,,dr4 ,,ure1 9 8 ,*emical ,diction>y1 article ,,light1 takes ?is view4 ,he says1 8,we le>n f scripture1 t light pre-exi/$ be=e ?is lum9>y 7! sun7 & t its subsequ5t cond5sation 9 8 orb 0 a p>ticul> act ( ,almighty ,p[]4 ,! phosphoresc5ce ( m9]als1 buri$ s9ce ! orig9 ( ?+s 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 co9cides /rictly ) ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation4 ,we %all !re=e reg>d light z ! fir/ born elem5t ( *aos1 z an indep5d5t ess5ce1 univ]sally di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! m9]al1 vegetable1 & animal _w1 capable ( be+ dis5gag$ f its lat5t /ate by v>i\s natural & artificial op]ations40 ,?is !ory1 z ,i und]/& ,dr4 ,ure's view1 has two advantages1 & ?ree disadvantages4 ,x acc\nts = ! production ( light on ! fir/ day1 z ,moses says4 ,x also acc\nts = ! artificial production ( light by friction betwe5 bodies :i* h nev] be5 expos$ to sol> light1 by combu/ion1 compression1 c4 ,= ?\gh x supposes light 8subsequ5tly cond5s$0 9 ! sun1 ,i presume x does n suppose all ! light ?us transf]r$ f ! e>?1 & cond5s$3 mu* ( x is lat5t1 & comb9$ ) o!r sub/ances1 f :i* x is evolv$ by friction1 combu/ion1 compression1 c4 ,b ?is +5i\s !ory1 :i* is m5tion$ by our au?or1 & attribut$ to ,dr4 ,wall1 is press$ ) ?ree difficulties3 #a4 ,x does n suppose ! exi/5ce ( ! sun until ! f\r? day1 & ( c\rse no common c5tre ( attraction to ! e>? & o!r planets4 ,b x is impossible to conceive ( ! safe exi/5ce ( ! planets previ\s to ! exi/5ce ( _! common c5t]1 :i* n[ regulates _! ord] & motion4 ,?is is an insup]able difficulty1 unless we resort to a 8p>ticul> act ( ,almighty ,p[]40 #b4 ,if ! body ( ! sun be 8cond5s$ light10 ab/ract$ f ! e>?1 ! sc5e ( its creation1 !n we mu/ suppose t a body m ?an a million times great] ?an ! e>? 0 drawn (f f x1 :i* inde$ w\ld require an 8act ( ,almighty ,p[]10 & is utt]ly irreconcilable to ! laws ( attraction4 #c4 ,?is view also de/roys ! idea ( ! sun's be+ an opake & habitable globe1 unless we c\ld conceive ! inhabitants capable ( dwell+ 9 8cond5s$ light20 :i* supposition is at v>iance ) all our ideas ( rational exi/5ce4 ,h5ce x robs ! m9d ( ! pleas+ & almo/ intuitively correct idea ( ! sun's be+ a habitable globe4 ,^! difficulties appe>$ s great t o!rs1 & p>ticul>ly ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke1 h (f]$ a new mode ( int]pretation1 f\nd$ on ! ,newtonian !ory z improv$ by ,dr4 ,h]s*ell4 ,dr4 ,cl>ke supposes t caloric1 or lat5t heat1 0 produc$ on ! fir/ day1 :5 ,god said1 8let !re be light2 & !re 0 light40 ,9 ?is case he consid]s t lat5t heat & lat5t light are1 probably1 ! same3 or t x is ! same subtile sub/ance diffus$ ?r\gh\t creation1 :i* is capable ( produc+ heat & light1 :5 prop]ly excit$4 ,yet1 9 8 rem>ks on ! sun1 he embraces ,dr4 ,h]s*ell's ideas ( ! sun's real body be+ opake & habitable1 surr\nd$ by phosphoric cl\ds :i* are ! s\rce ( our sol> light4 ,( c\rse ! ,doctor only transf]s ! s\rce ( light f ! real body ( ! sun to ^! phosphoric cl\ds ) :i* he is inve/$4 ,our sol> light !n comes by impulsion f ^! cl\ds1 & n f ! sun's real body4 ,^! cl\ds are suppos$ to give light to ! ,sol> inhabitants also1 ! int5sity ( :i* is regulat$ by a /ratum ( cl\ds plac$ bel[ ! out] phosphoric cl\ds1 & :i* def5ds ! sun's real body f too great degree ( light4 ,?is is ,dr4 ,h]s*ell's supposition1 & seems to be pretty well e/abli%$4 ,?is +5i\s !ory solves ! difficulty "u notice1 by suppos+ t caloric1 & n light1 is int5d$ 9 ! ?ird v]se1 :]e ,god said1 8,let !re be light40 ,& by suppos+ lat5t light1 z well z lat5t heat1 x seems to provide = ! well kn[n exi/5ce ( light 9 comb9ation ) _m1 if n all1 t]re/rial sub/ances2 & yet x ref]s to ! sun z ! pr9cipal s\rce ( light1 :i* accord+ to ?is int]pretation1 0 n necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( ! sub/ance int5d$ 9 ! ?ird v]se--8,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light40 ,?is !ory has ano!r mo/ excell5t sugge/ion1 viz3 t ! heat excit$ by ! sun at ! e>?'s surface1 is produc$ by ! lum9\s rays ( ! sun comb9+ ) ! caloric 9 ! atmosph]e1 & o!r sub/ances at ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,?is sugge/ion supposes a v close aff9ity1 if n id5tity 9 ! matt] ( light & heat4 ,al?\gh ?is explanation approa*es mu* ne>] a satisfactory solution ( ! difficulty 9 "q1 yet x is by no means unemb>rass$4 ,9 ! fir/ place x is built ^u a s+ul> translation ( a ^w4 ,! text1 accord+ to ?is !ory1 %\ld be1 8,& ,god said let !re be caloric1 & !re 0 caloric40 ,?is may be ! text2 b ,i _c help ?9k+1 t a bias to a sy/em ( philosophy1 & a /rong desire to cut ! difficulty r ?an solve x1 sugge/$ ?is translation4 ,! text seems to h be5 s g5]ally & uni=mly und]/ood ( light1 x w\ld be difficult to alt] x4 ,x w\ld be bett] to suspect a defect 9 our k ( ! s\rce & nature ( light4 ,aga93 ?is view seems to suppose a consecutive creation1 :i* is at v>iance ) a seem+ly well settl$ op9ion1 9 reg>d to ! ,sol> ,sy/em1 & ev5 at v>iance ) ,dr4 ,cl>ke's own rem>ks on ,g54 *ap4 i1 v4 #b4 ,on ?is v]se he says3 8,god seems at fir/ to h creat$ ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( all ?+s40 ,f9ally3 z 8 view is ,newtonian1 x is liable to all ! objections to :i* t !ory is liable3 su* z ! dim9ution :i* w\ld take place at ! s\rce f :5ce ! light came2 & ! de/ructive =ce ) :i* x w\ld fall at ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,^! consid]ations1 ) o!rs1 h influ5c$ _m ( ! mo/ le>n$ & acute philosoph]s to look = ano!r !ory4 ,our own c\ntryman1 ,dr4 ,frankl91 felt !m4 ,he says1 9 a lett] dat$ ,april #bc1 #ageb1 9 ref]5ce to ! !ory1 ( light be+ p>ticles ( matt] driv5 (f f ! sun's surface2 8,mu/ n ! smalle/ portion conceivable h1 ) su* a motion1 a =ce exce$+ t ( a tw5ty-f\r p\nd] dis*>g$ f a cannon8 ,mu/ n ! sun dim9i% exce$+ly by su* a wa/e ( matt]1 & ! planets1 in/ead ( draw+ ne> to him1 z "s h fe>$1 rec$e to great] di/ances1 ?r\gh ! lesson$ attraction8 ,yet ^! p>ticles ) ?is amaz+ motion1 w n drive be=e !m1 or remove ! lea/1 & slighte/ du/ !y meet )1 & ! sun appe>s to cont9ue ( 8 anci5t dim5sions1 & 8 att5dants move 9 _! anci5t orbits40 ,he !n supposes ! ph5om5a ( light may be m satisfactorily solv$ by suppos+ a subtle fluid1 univ]sally diffus$1 :i* is invisible :5 at re/1 b becomes visible :5 put 9 motion1 by affect+ ! n]ves ( ! eye1 z ! vibrations ( ! air affect ! e>1 & produce ! s5sation ( s\nd2 & t ! diff]5t degrees ( int5sity 9 ! vibrations1 w acc\nt = ! diff]5t colors4 ,see ,ni*olson's ,encyclop$ia1 ,,light4 ,?is is ! vibratory or ,c>tesian sy/em ( light4 ,z already sugge/$1 x supposes ! exi/5ce ( a subtle1 lum9if]\s e!r1 diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 p]vad+ e p>ticle ( matt]1 & is capable ( be+ put 9 motion1 s z to become visible1 by ! sun1 z ! gr& natural excitant1 friction1 combu/ion1 compression1 c4 ,! laws ( ! vibrations ( ?is lum9if]\s fluid1 are precisely ! same ) ^? asc]ta9$1 & det]m9$1 9 reg>d to light z commonly und]/ood4 ,?is lum9if]\s fluid is to be consid]$ an elem5t>y sub/ance1 & 0 creat$ :5 ! diff]5t sub/ances compos+ ! *aotic mass 7 creat$4 ,at its fir/ creation1 l caloric1 x 0 9 a lat5t /ate1 z no excitant z yet _h put x 9 motion4 ,x is to be und]/ood1 !re=e1 t ! sub/ances ( ea* planet 9 ! ,sol> ,sy/em1 z well z ! sun himself1 7 creat$ simultane\sly 9 a *aotic /ate1 at _! prop] relative di/ances f ea* o!r3 t ! requisite quantity ( ea* elem5t>y sub/ance 0 pres5t 9 ea* mass3 b z caloric1 & ?is lum9if]\s e!r 7 lat5t1 ^! masses 7 solid1 froz5 lumps2 inactive & lifeless2 & d>kness necess>ily prevail$4 ,?is !n 0 ! orig9al condition ( ! elem5ts ( our ,sol> ,sy/em1 accord+ to ! scriptures4 8,& ! e>? 0 )\t =m & void2 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep40 ,g54 i1 #b4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to produce a quick5+ 9 ^! masses1 :i* r5d]$ !m s(t1 x 0 only necess>y to call ! lat5t caloric1 & ?is lum9if]\s e!r into action1 :i* w\ld agitate1 & br+ to light ! :ole mass1 & ?us comm5ce ! arrangem5t & organization ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em4 ,h[ev]1 z !re 0 no excit+ cause !n 9 op]ation1 x is evid5t ! ,almighty mu/ h giv5 ! fir/ impulse to ^! elem5ts4 ,?is he did1 & ! important fact is record$ by ,moses 9 ^! words3 8,,& ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,god ,,mov$ ,,^u ,,! ,,face ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,deep10 ,jehovah say+ at ! same "t1 8,,let ,,!re ,,be ,,light40 ,"h is ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! production ( light1 & possibly heat also1 :i* took place on ! fir/ day4 ,! same process w5t on simultane\sly 9 ! sun & planets1 & ! cont9u$ action cle>$ up _! respective atmosph]es1 & ! sun became visible at ! e>?'s surface on ! f\r? day4 ,h5ce1 ! sun 0 said to h be5 made on ! f\r? day4 ,?is solution ( ! difficulty is consi/5t ) ! acc\nt ( ,moses2 & also all ! well asc]ta9$ ph5om5a ( light c be satisfactorily expla9$ by x4 ,x w naturally lead ! m9d to obs]ve ! resemblance betwe5 ! ph5om5a ( light & heat1 & impel u to ! conclusion1 t light1 or vision1 is ! effect ( a mat]ial cause1 z heat is ( caloric3 & x is natural to suppose ?is cause is 9 ! same relation to light1 t caloric is to heat4 ,( c\rse we %\ld conclude t light1 or ! lum9if]\s e!r 9 a lat5t /ate1 ent]s into comb9ation ) all sub/ances1 z does caloric2 & at ! same "t a l>ge proportion ( x is free1 or 9 motion1 & ( c\rse s5sible to ! eye1 z free caloric is to ! s5se ( feel+4 ,moreov] we mu/ conclude t ?is lat5t light is capable ( be+ set free or evolv$ by ! excit+ influ5ce ( ! sun1 z also by friction1 compression1 combu/ion1 *emical action1 c4 ,x w be ( advantage1 !re=e1 to e/abli% ! fact ( ! exi/5ce ( lat5t light1 9 comb9ation ) t]re/rial sub/ances4 ,t ?is is ! fact may be prov5 by a s+le reflection on ! process ( combu/ion4 ,x is a daily obs]vation t light is produc$ by burn+ bodies4 ,let u suppose ^! bodies burnt at midnight 9 a close room2 /ill light w be giv5 out copi\sly & con/antly4 ,:5ce ?is light8 ,! natural & obvi\s answ] is1 x 0 9 comb9ation 9 a lat5t /ate ) ! burn+ bodies1 & by combu/ion x 0 set free1 & ?r[n out1 & ?us put ! surr\nd+ lum9if]\s e!r 9 motion4 ,x is said by "s1 ! light evolv$ 9 ?is case is n f ! burn+ bodies1 b f ! oxyg5 :i* is suppli$ by ! air to support ! combu/ion4 ,?is does n alt] ! case at all3 = !n ! light 0 9 comb9ation ) ! oxyg51 & 0 invisible1 be+ 9 a lat5t /ate1 until x 0 set free f ! oxyg5 by combu/ion4 ,! same conclusion is obta9$ 9 ! process ( compression & expansion4 ,if atmosph]ic air1 or oxyg5 be sudd5ly compress$ 9 a glass syr+e2 or if a glass ball1 fill$ ) ! latt]1 be sudd5ly broke 9 vacuo1 a fla% ( light is in/antly p]ceiv$4 ,9 ?is case ! light sudd5ly becomes visible1 :i* 0 invisible be=e1 be+ lat5t 9 comb9ation ) ! air4 7,,ure47 ,we arrive at ! same conclusion 9 case ( friction4 ,x is well kn[n t pieces ( wood c be made to blaze by rubb+ !m toge!r4 ,b x is n s well kn[n1 t two pieces ( rock cry/al1 or qu>tz1 tak5 f any dep? 9 ! e>?1 & :i* _c be suppos$ to h ev] be5 9 ! light ( ! sun1 :5 rubb$ quickly toge!r1 ev5 "u wat]1 w give out volumes ( light4 ,:5ce ?is light8 f ! qu>tz d\btless4 ,( c\rse x mu/ h be5 9 a lat5t /ate1 & 0 set free by friction4 ,let x be /rictly obs]v$1 ! cry/als nev] 7 expos$ to ! light ( ! sun1 ( c\rse c\ld n h d]iv$ ?is light f t lum9>y4 ,we mu/ come to ! same conclusion1 9 reg>d to ! light giv5 out by animal sub/ances4 ,_m insects are kn[n to h ! p[] ( evolv+ light1 or putt+ ! surr\nd+ lum9if]\s e!r 9 motion1 :i* is ! same4 ,putresc5t animal matt] has be5 obs]v$ to possess x1 9 "s cases1 9 a v great degree2 suffici5tly to illum9ate a room1 or pantry1 = h\rs toge!r4 ,9 "s in/ances ! f+]s ( ^? :o t\*$ ! lum9\s fle%1 became lum9\s4 ,?is is em95tly ! case 9 reg>d to "s fi%es4 ,a species ( fi% call$ ,,pholas1 has ! p[] ( evolv+ a l>ge quantity ( light4 ,?is p[] is great] :5 ! fi% is s\nd & fre%4 ,pl9y m5tions ?is fi%1 & says x r5d]$ ! h&s & clo!s ( p]sons lum9\s4 ,:5 put 9 wat]1 "u prop] circum/ances1 x r5d]s ! wat] lum9\s4 ,b :5 put 9 milk1 a s+le pholas made sev5 ounces ( x s lum9\s z to enable "o to di/+ui% ! faces ( p]sons pres5t4 ,ency4 ,brit4 ,art4 ,,light4 ,! evolution ( light f ! sea 9 ! night1 is a fact ( common obs]vation1 & is sometimes s great z to enable "o to read l>ge pr9t on a %ip's deck4 ,ency4 ,brit4 ,art4 ,,light4 ,9 all ! above in/ances1 & _m m might be add$1 ! light evolv$1 or1 7:i* is ! same ?+ 9 ?is inve/igation17 ! lum9if]\s e!r put 9 motion1 mu/ h be5 9 a /ate ( comb9ation ) ! sub/ances f :i* x 0 evolv$4 ,! only "q :i* rema9s is ?is3 ,0 all ?is light transmitt$ f ! sun1 & become lat5t & comb9$ at ! e>?'s surface by absorption8 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly be haz>d\s to answ] ?is "q 9 ! affirmative4 ,= h[ c\ld we acc\nt = ! evolution ( light f ^? bodies :i* h nev] be5 subject to ! sun's influ5ce8 ,aga93 ,if all ?is light _h be5 transmitt$ f ! sun1 x w inevitably foll[1 t !re 0 a "t :5 ! quantity ( light at ! surface ( ! e>?1 & 9 comb9ation ) t]re/rial bodies1 0 v small1 & ( c\rse combu/ion1 friction1 & compression ( bodies produc$ anci5tly a mu* small] quantity ( light ?an n[2 because !re 0 a small] quantity 9 comb9ation4 ,x is evid5t t ?is supposition w\ld come to ?is conclusion3 ,! quantity ( light1 9 comb9ation at ! e>?'s surface1 has increas$ 9 ! same ratio z ! increase ( ! duration ( ! influ5ce ( ! sun on ! e>?3 &1 by consequ5ce1 ! quantity ( light produc$ by artificial means has increas$ 9 ! same proportion4 ,( c\rse1 fires & c&les burn m brightly n[ ?an !y did five ?\s& ye>s s9ce4 ,?\gh ?is conclusion is legitimate f ! =ego+ supposition1 yet x is at w> ) common s5se1 & ! curr5t obs]vations ( ! _w4 ,we are !re=e compell$ to conclude t ! ,,matt] ( light is diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 z is caloric1 & t x is evolv$1 or put 9 motion by ! influ5ce ( ! sun2 z also by artificial & *emical means2 z combu/ion1 compression1 friction1 *emical action1 c4 ,?is conclusion is mu* /r5g!n$ by ! fact1 t ! exi/5ce ( caloric is well asc]ta9$1 n z proce$+ f ! sun1 b 9 comb9ation ) all t]re/rial sub/ances2 & also by ! fact ( ! con/ant analogy betwe5 ! ph5om5a ( light & heat4 ,?is analogy is s /rong & /rik+ t we are compell$ to conclude1 if heat be ! effect ( a real sub/ance1 light mu/ be also4 ,inde$ ! analogy is s /rong t x almo/ conv9ces u ( ! id5tity ( ! matt] ( heat1 light1 electricity1 & galvanism4 ,not)/&+ ! am\nt ( evid5ce is aga9/ ?is supposition at pres5t1 yet !re is a /rong t5d5cy 9 rec5t philosophical exp]im5ts to confirm x2 & ,i am incl9$ to believe t future discov]ies w confirm ?is id5tity4 ,"s ( ! mo/ obvi\s evid5ces 9 favor ( x may be introduc$ "h4 #a4 ,almo/ all ! celebrat$ au?ors & exp]im5t]s h occasionally sugge/$ ! probability ( ?is id5tity4 ,mr4 ,turn]1 ,elem5ts ( ,*emi/ry1 p4 #fg1 says1 9 ref]5ce to heat & light3 8,x has be5 suppos$ t !y are modifications ( ! ,,same ,,ag5t2 & ?\gh mo/ p]sons reg>d !m z indep5d5t pr9ciples1 yet !y are c]ta9ly alli$ 9 a way :i* at pres5t is inexplicable40 ,aga91 p4 #ga4 8,mr4 ,leslie conceives t light :5 absorb$1 is conv]t$ into heat40 ,dr4 ,h5ry 7,art4 ,light17 says1 8,a new fact has be5 lately asc]ta9$ by ,dr4 ,del>o*e1 :i* seems to po9t out a close connection betwe5 heat & light1 & a gradual passage ( ! "o into ! o!r4 ,! rays ( invisible heat pass ?r\gh glass ) difficulty at a temp]ature bel[ t ( boil+ wat]2 b !y trav]se x ) a facility always increas+ ) ! temp]ature1 z x approa*es ! po9t at :i* bodies become lum9\s40 8,! g5]al facts1 says ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 ( ! refraction & effects ( ! sol> beam1 (f] an analogy to ! ag5cies ( electricity40 7,ure1 ,*emical ,diction>y1 ,article ,light47 ,x is well kn[n t ?is view press$ itself /rongly on ! att5tion ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 dur+ 8 philosophical inve/igation4 ,see ,ure1 ,*em4 ,dic4 ,art4 ,light4 #b4 ,?is id5tity is /rongly sugge/$ by ! con/ant & /rik+ analogy betwe5 ! laws ( heat & light4 ,fir/3 ,! color ( surfaces has an influ5ce on ! passage ( light & heat4 ,secondly3 ,! p[] ( light1 heat1 & electricity dim9i%es z ! squ>es ( _! di/ances4 ,?irdly3 ,! p>ticles ( heat1 light1 & electricity1 are idio-repulsive4 ,f\r?ly3 ,! passage ( ! electric sp>k is g5]ally att5d$ ) ! production ( light & heat4 ,fif?ly3 ,heat is emitt$ 9 all directions f ! surface ( an ignit$ body3 s is light f ! surface ( a burn+ body4 ,six?ly3 ,! laws ( reflection are ! same 9 light & heat4 ,o!r co9cid5ces might be e/abli%$1 & o!r celebrat$ names add$4 ,if ?is id5tity %\ld be e/abli%$ f9ally1 x w\ld n effect ! doctr9e ( ! =ego+ pages 9 ! lea/4 ,x w\ld only be necess>y to say1 ! lum9if]\s fluid ( ?is essay is ! well e/abli%$ sub/ance n[ call$ caloric4 ,add5da on ,light4 #a4 ,x is n[ g5]ally admitt$ t ! real body ( ! sun is surr\nd$ ) a peculi> set ( cl\ds1 phosphoresc5t 9 _! nature4 ,x is also all[$ t ^! cl\ds d n emit heat4 ,& z x is well kn[n t no "o ( ! planets has su* cl\ds1 b receive _! light f ! sun1 x is extremely probable t ^! phosphoresc5t cl\ds are int5d$ by ! ,creator1 to be ! great disp5s] ( light to ! sol> sy/em1 by op]at+ z ! excit+ cause to put ! lum9if]\s e!r 9 motion ?r\gh\t ! sol> sy/em4 ,by a p>ity ( reason+1 ea* c5tre ( a sy/em may be inve/$ ) simil> cl\ds1 :i* op]ate 9 ! same way 9 ref]5ce to ! planets :i* belong to x4 #b4 ,if light 7 a real sub/ance1 z commonly und]/ood1 sol> light mu/ proce$ f ! sun by impulsion1 & artificial light f burn+ bodies by evolution4 ,take ! case ( burn+ bodies4 ,a s+le c&le plac$ two miles above ! surface ( ! e>? 9 ! air1 & light$ up 9 t position1 w in/antly illum9ate a space ( two miles 9 e direction f itself1 or a sph]ical space f\r miles 9 diamet]4 ,9 ?is case a suffici5t quantity ( light is in/antly evolv$ to fill ?is space1 & ! evolution cont9ues z long z ! c&le burns4 ,! "q ^u ?is fact is ?is3 ,c x be suppos$ t !re is a suffici5t quantity ( light1 9 comb9ation ) a s+le c&le1 or ! oxyg5 necess>y to keep up its combu/ion1 to fill a sph]ical space f\r miles 9 diamet] = sev]al h\rs toge!r8 ,?is w\ld inde$ be almo/ incr$ible 9 view ( ! space fill$ by light evolv$ f a s+le c&le4 ,b ?is difficulty w\ld be satisfactorily solv$ ^u ! supposition t light is ! effect1 produc$ by a lum9if]\s e!r1 univ]sally diffus$1 & put 9 motion1 by :i* x becomes visible1 by ! sun1 burn+ bodies1 c4 ,because1 ! motion :i* r5d]s ! lum9if]\s e!r visible1 comm5ces in/antly ^u ! comm5cem5t ( combu/ion1 & is propagat$ f ! po9t ( combu/ion 9 "r l9es1 "u ! appe>ance ( rays ( light3 b ! motion ceases in/antly on ! cessation ( combu/ion1 & ( c\rse d>kness in/antly ensues4 ,aft] hav+ att5d$ to ! production ( light1 & notic$ "s ( its prop]ties1 x is a p>am\nt duty to contemplate its glori\s ,au?or2 especially z by ?is my/]i\s production he himself has *os5 to be repres5t$4 ,if creatures be excell5t1 :at mu/ be ! ,creator8 & to admire ! =m] )\t ador+ ! latt]1 w\ld be pr(ane & a!i/ical4 8,! ,deity10 says ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 89 inf9ite space1 z 9 8 own s5sorium1 has an intimate p]ception ( all ?+s30 s we1 possess+ intellect1 %\ld 8look ?r\gh nature up to nature's ,,god40 ,!n matt]1 h[ev] r>efi$ or div]sifi$1 w\ld s]ve z 8 m9i/] to introduce u into 8 pres5ce4 ,a pi\s anci5t1 on be+ ask$ by a pr(ane philosoph]1 ,h[ he c\ld contemplate high ?+s1 s9ce he _h no books8 answ]$1 ,t he _h ! :ole _w = 8 book1 ready op5 at all times1 & 9 all places1 & t he c\ld !re9 read ?+s heav5ly & div9e4 ,z ! visible creation is ! outw>d expression ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 & displays sev]al ( 8 inf9ite p]fections2 s we %\ld /udy him 9 ! works ( nature1 & trace him 9 ! op]ation ( 8 h&s4 ,! late excell5t & pi\s ,bi%op ,horne v beautifully obs]ves1--8,:5 ! angels beheld ! d>k & disord]$ /ate ( creat$ nature ^u its fir/ production1 !y 71 d\btless1 ?r[n into "s p]plexity to conceive h[ x %\ld ev] be made a means ( manife/+ =? ! glory ( ! ,creator4 ,b :5 !y saw ! light spr+ up1 at ! ,div9e comm&1 f t blackness ( d>kness1 & fix its resid5ce 9 its tab]nacle ! sun1 illum9at+ & adorn+ ! firmam5t ( heav5 ) its glori\s %[1 & ! e>? ) its beautiful furniture1 all =m$ out ( rud5ess & confusion1 !n !y confess$ t ! difficulty ( ! "w s]v$ only to display ! skill ( ! workma/]1 :i* is proportionally e/imat$ by ! unpromis+ nature ( ! mat]ials4 ,9 l mann]1 :oev] views ! *aos to :i* ! inf9ite wisdom ( a presid+ ,provid5ce sometimes p]mits ! moral _w to be r$uc$ by ! prevail+ p[] ( ! pr9ce ( d>kness1 & ! ag5cy ( 8 in/rum5ts1 w sc>ce be able1 at fir/1 to disc]n any traces ( ! ,div9e c\nsels 9 a mirror s sulli$ & cl\d$ ov] by ! enormities ( s9ful m54 ,yet let him wait ) pati5ce = a little season1 & ^? cl\ds %all pass away2 a light %all %9e1 & "s great end pres5t itself to sight1 s wor?y ( ,god1 s b5eficial to man1 t /&+ amaz$ at a p[] able to br+ ! greate/ good out ( ! greate/ evil1 he w be =c$ to cry out conc]n+ ! economy ( ! spiritual sy/em1 z ,david did conc]n+ ! op]ations ( ! natural--#8,oh ,"l1 h[ manifold are ?y works6 ,9 wisdom ha/ ?\ made !m all4'0#df 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,iv4--,,day ,,& ,,night4 ,orig9al t]ms ( ,day & ,night -- ,motion ! effect ( a ,div9e p[] -- ,comm5cem5t ( ,"t -- ,utility ( ,day & ,night -- ,religi\s improvem5t ( ,"t -- ,s9 moral d>kness -- ,! ,gospel a ,light to dispel x -- ,a ,*ri/ian ! subject ( a transition f ! "o /ate to ! o!r4 ,! sep>ation ( light f ! d>kness1 0 ! "w ( ! fir/ day4 ,?is 0 an arrangem5t made by inf9ite ,wisdom1 z well z a display ( almighty p[]4 ,:5 ?is took place1 x is highly probable t ,god gave to ! e>? its rotation ^u its own axis1 to produce ! necess>y succession ( day & night4 8,! ^w reb1 :i* we translate ev5+1 comes f ! root rab1 to m+le1 & prop]ly signifies t /ate 9 :i* nei!r absolute d>kness1 nor full light1 prevails4 ,x has ne>ly ! same grammatical signification ) our twilight1 ! "t t elapses f ! sett+ ( ! sun till he is eighte5 degrees bel[ ! horizon1 & eighte5 degrees be=e he arises4 ,?us we h ! morn+ & ev5+ twilight1 or mixture ( light & d>kness1 9 :i* nei!r prevails2 because1 :ile ! sun is )9 eighte5 degrees ( ! horizon1 ei!r aft] 8 sett+1 or be=e 8 ris+1 ! atmosph]e has p[] to refract ! rays ( light1 & s5d !m back to ! e>?4 ,! ,hebrews ext5d$ ! mean+ ( ?is t]m to ! :ole duration ( night1 because x 0 ev] a m+l$ /ate2 ! moon1 ! planets1 or ! />s1 temp]+ ! d>kness ) "s rays ( light4 ,f ! ereb ( ,moses came ! ,erebus ( ,hesiod1 ,ari/ophanes1 & o!r hea!ns1 :i* !y deifi$1 & made ) nox1 or night1 ! p>5t ( all ?+s4 ,! ^w boqu]1 :i* we translate morn+1 f boqu>1 he look$ out1 is a beautiful figure1 :i* repres5ts ! morn+ z look+ out at ! ea/1 & illum9at+ ! :ole ( ! upp] hemisph]e40#dg ,all bodies cont9ue 9 a /ate ( re/1 till !y are put into motion by "s ext]nal =ce impress$ on !m4 ,motion is ! removal ( a body f "o place to ano!r1 or a cont9ual *ange ( place4#dh ,any =ce act+ on a body to move x1 is call$ a p[]4 ,! mom5tum1 or quantity ( motion1 is 9 proportion to ! =ce impress$4 ,! heavi] any body is1 ! great] is ! p[] requir$ to move x4 ,!re are b ?ree possible ways ( acc\nt+ = motion3--ei!r by suppos+ t !re has be5 an inf9ite succession ( impulses communicat$ f "o body to ano!r f et]nity1 )\t any active pr9ciple ei!r 9 matt] or )\t x3 or1 t !re is an active pr9ciple 9 matt] t r5d]s x self-active1 & motion ess5tial to x3 or1 else1 t !re is a ,be+ di/9ct f matt]1 & is ! cause ( its motion4 ,an inf9ite succession ( impulses1 )\t an active or mov+ pr9ciple1 w nev] give bir? to motion1 because ?is w\ld be to produce an effect )\t ! assi/ance ( a cause4 ,?is absurdity 0 ass]t$ by ,sp9osa2 yet :5 urg$ by 8 fri5ds to expla9 h[ matt] c\ld ev] come into motion1 if motion 0 nei!r ess5tial to matt]1 nor proce$$ f any ext]nal cause1 he always avoid$ giv+ a direct answ]4 ,?is conduct makes x reasonable to believe1 t he himself w\ld h giv5 up 8 acc\nt ( motion1 if he c\ld h sav$ 8 a!i/ical s*eme & 8 reputation4 ,t motion is ess5tial to all matt]1 & action z mu* an attribute ( matt]1 z ext5sion or solidity2 &1 consequ5tly1 e atom ( matt] is necess>ily self-mov+1 or active f ! necessity ( its own nature1 is ass]t$ by ,tol&4 ,?\gh he ?\ght fit to reject ! hypo!sis ( ,sp9osa z indef5sible1 yet he believ$ 9 ! a!i/ic notion1 t motion is ess5tial to matt]1 & ?9ks x w be suffici5t )\t tr\bl+ ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,! reason :i* has always det]m9$ mank9d to look out = a cause ( motion extr9sical to matt]1 0 ?is3 ?\gh !y c\ld easily conceive x capable ( be+ mov$ & divid$2 yet ! conceiv+ ( x to be undivid$1 & unmov$1 0 a m simple notion ( matt]1 ?an ! conceiv+ x divid$ & mov$4 ,?is be+ fir/ 9 ord] ( nature1 & an adequate conception ( x too1 !y ?\ght x necess>y to inquire1 h[ x came out ( ?is /ate1 & by :at causes motion1 f :5ce ?is div]sity 9 matt] arose1 c\ld come into ! _w8 ,desc>tes1 ?\gh he all[$ ! inf9ity ( matt]1 z well z ,tol&1 0 yet s5sible t ev5 ?is w\ld n alt] ! nature ( matt]1 nor ! idea t e p]son _h ( its inactivity1 & !re=e c\ld see no way ( alt]+ its primitive idea1 & reconcil+ x ) ! motion ( matt]1 b by introduc+ an inf9ite ,be+1 :o _h suffici5t p[] to r\se matt] out ( t sleepy /ate 9 :i* its orig9al idea _h repres5t$ x4#di ,t su* a circum/ance exi/s1 & :at x is1 a ,fr5* au?or v cle>ly /ates4 ,he says1 ,! univ]se is compos$ ( matt]1 &1 z a sy/em1 is su/a9$ by motion4 ,motion is n a prop]ty ( matt]1 & )\t ?is motion ! sol> sy/em c\ld n exi/4 ,7 motion a prop]ty ( matt]1 t undiscov]$ & undiscov]able ?+1 call$ p]petual motion1 w\ld e/abli% itself4 ,x is because motion is n a prop]ty ( matt]1 t p]petual motion is an impossibility 9 ! h& ( e be+ b t ( ! ,creator ( motion4 ,:5 ! pret5d]s to a!ism c produce p]petual motion1 & n till !n1 !y may expect to be cr$it$4 ,! natural /ate ( matt]1 z to place1 is a /ate ( re/4 ,motion1 or *ange ( place1 is ! effect ( an ext]nal cause act+ ^u matt]4 ,z to t faculty ( matt] call$ gravitation1 x is ! influ5ce :i* two or m bodies h reciprocally on ea* o!r to unite & be at re/4 ,e ?+ :i* has hi!rto be5 discov]$ ) respect to ! motion ( ! planets 9 ! sy/em1 relates only to ! laws by :i* motion acts1 & n to ! cause ( motion4 ,gravitation1 s f> f be+ ! cause ( motion to ! planets t compose ! sol> sy/em1 w\ld be ! de/ruction ( ! sol> sy/em1 7 revolution>y motion to cease2 = z ! action ( sp9n+ upholds a top1 ! revolution>y motion upholds ! planets 9 _! orbits1 & prev5ts !m f gravitat+ & =m+ "o mass ) ! sun4 8,by ceaseless action all t is subsi/s2 ,con/ant rotation ( ! unwe>i$ :eel ,t nature rides ^u1 ma9ta9s h] heal?1 ,h] beauty1 h] f]tility4 ,%e dreads ,an in/ant's pause1 & lives b :ile %e moves4 ,its own revolv5cy upholds ! _w40 ,9 "o s5se ( ! ^w1 philosophy kn[s1 & a!ism says1 t matt] is 9 p]petual motion4 ,b ! motion "h meant ref]s to ! /ate ( matt]1 & t only on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,x is ei!r decomposition1 :i* is cont9ually de/roy+ ! =m ( ! bodies ( matt]1 or recomposition1 :i* r5ews t matt] 9 ! same or ano!r =m1 z ! decomposition ( animal or vegetable sub/ances ent] into ! composition ( o!r bodies4 ,b ! motion t upholds ! sol> sy/em is ( an entirely diff]5t k9d1 & is n a prop]ty ( matt]4 ,x op]ates also to an entirely diff]5t effect4 ,x op]ates also to p]petual pres]vation1 & to prev5t any *ange 9 ! /ate ( ! sy/em4 ,giv+ !n to matt] all ! prop]ties :i* philosophy kn[s x has1 or all t a!ism ascribes to x1 & c prove1 & ev5 suppos+ matt] to be et]nal1 x w n acc\nt = ! sy/em ( ! univ]se1 or ( ! sol> sy/em1 because x w n acc\nt = motion1 & x is motion t pres]ves x4 ,:51 !re=e1 we discov] a circum/ance ( su* imm5se importance1 t )\t x ! univ]se c\ld n exi/1 & = :i* nei!r matt]1 nor any1 nor all1 ! prop]ties ( matt] c acc\nt1 we are by necessity =c$ into ! rational & com=table belief ( ! exi/5ce ( a cause sup]ior to matt]1 & t cause is ,,god4 ,! motion ( ! e>?1 !re=e1 is an effect ( ,div9e p[]1 because !re is none o!r equal to x2 & ! con/ant op]ation ( ! same cause is requisite to p]petuate its progress4 ,h[ amaz+ x is t ?is globe1 s l>ge 9 circumf]5ce1 %\ld move at all6 ,plato attributes motion to ! p[] ( ,god1 8,h[ is x possible10 he argues1 8= s prodigi\s a mass to be c>ri$ r\nd = s long a "t1 by any natural cause8 ,= :i* reason10 he says1 8,i ass]t ,god to be ! cause1 & t x is impossible x %\ld be o!rwise40#ej 8,e ?+ t is mov$10 adds ,ari/otle1 8mu/ ( necessity be mov$ by "s o!r ?+2 & t ?+ mu/ be mov$1 ei!r by ano!r1 or n by ano!r ?+4 ,if x be mov$ by t :i* is mov$ by ano!r1 we mu/ ( necessity come to "s ,prime ,mov] t is n mov$ by ano!r4 ,= x is impossible t :at moves1 & is mov$ by ano!r1 %all proce$ ad inf9itum40#ea ,s9ce motion !n is n a prop]ty ( matt]1 b an effect produc$ by ! p[] ( a ,div9e ag5t1 :at a con/ant display we h ( ?is effici5t en]gy1 9 mov+ ?is e>?1 & ) su* a surpris+1 swiftness6 ,surely all m5 %\ld fe> & rev]5ce a ,be+1 :o possesses & ex]cises su* a p[]6 ,he :o creat$ all ?+s out ( no?+1 c\ld1 if he pleas$1 ext+ui% ! light1 & %ake ! solid e>? into atoms6 ,:5 ! pond]\s :eel ( nature fir/ began to move1 "t1 consi/+ ( days1 mon?s1 ye>s1 & ages1 & measur$ by ! duration & revolutions ( ! heav5ly bodies1 comm5c$4 ,"t 79 et]nity p>5!sis7 ,is measur'd by successive days & mon?s1 ,seasons & ye>s2 :i* closely l ! l9ks ,( an ext5d$ *a9 progressive jo93 ,or z a clock1 ) all its hidd5 spr+s ,& con/ant motions1 w\nd up to ! top1 ,beg9s its c\rse1 revolv+ until d[n4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 day & night is a wise & graci\s provision = man4 ,9 ! morn+1 aft] ! we>y limbs h repair$ _! exhau/$ vigor by ! indulg5ce ( s(t repose1 we are pleas$ ) ! bless+ ( light2 &1 aft] a few fleet+ h\rs engag$ 9 our div]sifi$ pursuits ( ! day1 we beg9 to c\rt ! ev5+ %ades1 pleas$ aga9 to enjoy t balmy retreat :i* alone refits u = ! fatigues ( ! ensu+ day4 ,:5 a few fleet+ h\rs are sp5t1 ! day is no long] gratify+2 b its light becomes burd5some1 & we wi% = ! %ad[s ( ! ev5+ to be /ret*$ ov] u4 ,?is sable p]iod is sc>cely gone1 :5 we welcome ! dawn+ day1 & leave ! place ( our re/ ) gladness4 ,day & night1 & _! alt]nate *anges1 are adapt$ to sugge/ useful ?\ghts1 & calculat$ to employ our s]i\s m$itation4 8,f night to day1 f day to night1 ,! dawn+ & ! dy+ light ,lectures ( heav5ly wisdom read2 ,) sil5t eloqu5ce !y raise ,our ?\ghts to ! ,creator's praise4 ,& nei!r s\nd nor language ne$40 ,a =ce cont9ually impress$ by ! supreme ,be+ produces & pres]ves ^! diff]5t & useful motions1 :i* measure out t portion ( "t assign$ u1 = ! p]=mance ( 8 "w1 & ! secur+ ( our own salvation4 ,we are direct$ 9 8 ^w h[ to employ ?is important tal5t l5t to u2 also w>n$ to gu>d aga9/ a misapplication ( x1 & told t a day w come :5 we %all h to give an acc\nt ( our /ew>d%ip4 ,z day is af=d$ = ! managem5t ( ^? employm5ts :i* c\ld n be done 9 ! night1 h[ unwise w\ld x be to po/pone su* conc]ns till ! approa* ( d>kness8 ,s ! %ort p]iod ( life is giv5 u t we may 8"w out our own salvation40 ,we are favor$ ) ! light ( ,div9e tru? to illum9ate our und]/&+s2 ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s to influ5ce our wills2 & our press+ necessities %\ld impel u to p]=m :at ,god requires4 ,! ,greeks h two words = "t1 & 3 ! =m] signifies "t 9 g5]al2 & ! latt] t "p ( x :i* is prop] = do+ a ?+--! pres5t season 9 :i* any ?+ to be done may be done fitly & to advantage4 ,accord+ly ,solomon says1 8,to e ?+ !re is a season1 & a "t to e purpose "u heav540 ,:at ! apo/le says to ! ,*ri/ians at ,ephesus is equally applicable & int]e/+ to p]sons 9 succe$+ ages ( ! _w2 giv+ a view ( ! importance ( "t1 & direct+ to a "r improvem5t ( x4 8,see t ye walk circumspectly1 n z fools1 b z wise1 r$eem+ ! "t1 because ! days are evil40 ,walk+1 9 ! ,scripture /yle1 is a ^w frequ5tly us$ to d5ote ! :ole c\rse ( a man's life & conv]sation1 includ+ all 8 ?\ghts1 words & actions4 ,walk+ circumspectly1 1 signifies correctly1 accurately1 consi/5tly1 or p]fectly4 ,9 ano!r place ! same ^w is r5d]$ dilig5tly4 ,h]od said to ! wise m5 come f ! ea/1 ,g to ,be?lehem1 & se>* 1 dilig5tly1 n>r[ly1 = ! "y *ild ,jesus4 ,b ! ^w circumspect is f ! ,lat9 circumspicio1 & signifies to look r\nd ab\t1 on all h&s1 to be e way wat*ful1 w>y1 & cauti\s1 9 ord] to avoid dang]1 disc]n enemies be=e !y come too nigh1 & secure a man's int]e/ by e possible & lawful means4#eb ,! necessity ( ?is duty is sugge/$ 9 ! ,greek text1 see !n or !re=e1 take c>e ( ?is z a matt] ( ! highe/ conc]n & greate/ importance2 x is t on :i* y\r all dep5ds4 ,he adduces a cog5t reason = ?is--8,n z fools1 b z wise40 ,z if he %\ld say1 ,x is y\r wisdom to walk circumspectly1 & n to walk s w\ld be y\r folly3 to walk circumspectly is ! wisdom t ,god recomm5ds to y1 & :i* is adapt$ to make y truly wise1 bo? 9 ?is _w & 9 t :i* is to come4 ,! ^w r$eem+1 1 lit]ally signifies buy+ "t4 ,! t]m buy+ is prop] 9 ref]5ce to civil contracts1 b x is "h appli$ morally4 ,prop]ly speak+1 "t _c be b\ght3 x is a commodity = :i* all ! treasures 9 ! _w w\ld n be an equival5t4 ,its price is above rubies4 ,b ! t]m imports ! great value ( "t1 & intimates t we %\ld be will+ to suff] any privation or inconv5i5ces1 r ?an lose x4 ,r$eem+ prop]ly implies ! lay+ d[n a price = re-pur*as+ or recov]+ t :i* 0 ours1 b :i* has fall5 into ! possession ( ano!r4 ,a captive sometimes is r$eem$ out ( ! h& ( an enemy4 ,n[1 9 ?is s5se1 to r$eem "t already pa/ is impossible1 = :5 once gone x is irrecov]able4 ,s t by r$eem+ "t1 no?+ else c be und]/ood b a dilig5t & prud5t improvem5t ( x1 :i* is ! only way 9 our p[] to c\nt]balance ! loss we h su/a9$ by our =m] neglect4 ,! effects ( our pa/ neglig5ce %\ld be c\nt]act$ by d\ble dilig5ce 9 future3 we %\ld d mu* "w 9 a little "t4 ,?is is to r$eem t "t1 conc]n+ :i* we h all[$ worldly bus9ess1 unpr(itable visits1 s5sual indulg5ce1 c>nal recreations1 & va9 ?\ghts1 to rob u1 &1 z x 71 to take & keep u captive4 ,to r$eem "t !n is to be dilig5t 9 future1 wisely improv+ x s z may make am5ds = our v culpable remissness4 ,future dilig5ce is1 z x 71 ! price ( r$emption paid d[n = :at we _h mortgag$ into ! h&s ( ^? ?+s :i* we h suff]$ to deprive u ( x4 ,! argum5t us$ to en=ce ! practice ( ?is duty is1 8because ! days are evil40 ,"t1 9 itself1 prop]ly speak+1 is nei!r good nor evil2 b 9 reg>d to ! moral /ate ( mank9d may be s call$4 ,! days "h prim>ily int5d$ by ! apo/le1 d5om9at$ evil1 7 ^? ( 8 own "t1 9 :i* he himself & 8 contempor>ies liv$1 & :i* ab\nd$ ) tr\ble & dang]1 by reason ( ! opposition made by unbeliev+ ,jews & ,g5tiles aga9/ ,*ri/ianity4 ,b all our days1 z well z ^?1 may be call$ evil1 because ( ! preval5ce ( s91 ,satanic delusion1 & ho/ility ( ! ungodly aga9/ real religion4 ,_m p]sons c adopt ! language ( ! patri>* ,jacob1 8,few & evil h ! days ( ! ye>s ( my life be540 ,job gives a simil> te/imony1 8,man t is born ( a woman1 is ( few days1 & full ( evil40 ,! :ole argum5t runs ?us3 see+ t y _c enjoy true quiet & sub/antial com=t 9 ?is t]re/rial abode1 & are 9 dang] ( be+ quickly depriv$ ( all opportunity ( gett+ & do+ good1 fail n to improve ! pres5t "t to ! be/ advantage1 9 ref]5ce to ! future /ate1 t y may secure = y\rselves a happy & glori\s et]nity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnotes - ,*apt] ,,ii #bc ,see ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke on ,g54 i4 #a4 #bd ,b>+ton's ,diss]tations1 c1 p4 #hb4 #be ,an em95t *emi/ & philosoph]1 ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 has v prop]ly obs]v$1 t x seems pla9 t ,moses consid]$ ! :ole t]raque\s globe z be+ creat$ 9 a fluid /ate1 ! e>?ly & o!r p>ticles ( matt] be+ m+l$ ) ! wat]4 ,! pres5t =m ( ! e>? demon/rates ! tru? ( ! ,mosaic acc\nt1 = x is well kn[n1 t1 if a s(t or ela/ic globul> body be rapidly :irl$ r\nd on its axis1 ! p>ts at ! poles w be flatt5$1 & ! p>ts on ! equator1 midway betwe5 ! nor? & ! s\? poles w be rais$ up4 ,?is is precisely ! %ape ( our e>?2 x has ! figure ( an oblate sph]oid1 a figure pretty mu* resembl+ ! %ape ( an orange4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ by admeasurem5t1 t ! e>? is flatt$ at ! poles1 & rais$ at ! equator4 ,?is 0 fir/ conjectur$ by ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 & aft]w>ds confirm$ by ,m4 ,cass9i1 & o!rs1 :o measur$ sev]al degrees ( latitude at ! equator & ne> ! nor? pole1 & f\nd t ! diff]5ce p]fectly ju/ifi$ ,sir ,isaac ,newton's conjecture1 & consequ5tly confirm$ ! ,mosaic acc\nt4 ,! result ( ! exp]im5ts in/itut$ to det]m9e ?is po9t1 prov$1 t ! diamet] ( ! e>? at ! equator is great] by m ?an tw5ty-?ree & a half miles ?an x is at ! poles1 all[+ ! pol> diamet] to be #a-ccd "p %ort] ?an ! equatorial1 accord+ to ! rec5t admeasurem5ts ( sev]al degrees ( latitude made by ,messrs4 ,me*a9 & ,delambre4 ,l',hi/oire des ,ma!m4 p> ,m4 de la ,l&e1 tom4 iv1 "p v1 liv4 vi3 & ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke1 on ,g54 i4 #aj4 #bf ,hesiod4 ,!og4 #aaf4 #bg ,ari/oph4 ,aves1 #fid4 #bh ,long91 sect4 ix1 ,edit4 ,pe>ce4 #bi ,walk]'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,creation1 p4 #h1 #i4 #cj ,b5son on ! ,text4 #ca ,preface to ,dr4 ,black's ,lectures1 by ,robison4 #cb ,c>p5t]'s ,lectures on ! ,works ( ,creation1 vol4 i4 p4 #hg4 #cc ,bo]haave's ,*em4 by ,%aw1 vol4 i4 p4 #bii4 #cd ,p>kes's ,*emical ,cate*ism1 or ,rudim5ts ( ,*emi/ry1 *ap4 ii4 #ce ,contemplative ,philosoph]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #adi1 #aej4 #cf ,see ,dr4 ,burnet's ,!ory1 vol4 ii1 p4 #cj4 #cg ,apud ,/ob4 ,eclog4 ,phys4 p4 #dd4 #ch ,t light is a fluid :i* encompasses ! e>?1 & requires only to be agitat$ by "s o!r inflam$ body1 9 ord] to r5d] x p]ceptible1 is an hypo!sis1 says a celebrat$ ,g]man div9e1 t has be5 adopt$ by ! mo/ em95t philosoph]s4 8,x is c]ta91 at lea/1 t !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 fire & light4 ,! latt] is incomp>ably m subtile ?an ! =m]4 ,x p5etrates glass1 & o!r transp>5t bodies1 9 a mom5t2 :]eas fire does x v sl[ly4 ,! pores ( glass are consequ5tly l>ge en\gh to give a free passage to ! light1 :ile ! fire meets ) m resi/ance1 because x is less subtile4 ,fire moves m sl[ly ?an light4 ,let burn+ coals be br\ght into a room1 ! heat diffuses itself v sl[ly1 & ! air becomes w>m by degrees2 b ! mom5t a c&le is br\ght into an ap>tm5t1 ! :ole is sudd5ly illum9at$2 & :]ev] ! rays c rea* ! p>ts become m visible4 ,f ^! facts1 & "s o!rs1 x is conclud$1 t fire & light are diff]5t sub/ances2 al?\gh we g5]ally see !m bo? toge!r1 & f9d t "o may produce ! o!r4 ,b ! consequ5ce drawn f ?is is possibly false40 #ci ,a new mat]ial has rec5tly be5 introduc$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 = ! purpose ( light+ h\ses1 /reets1 manufactories1 c1 namely1 ! inflammable gas ( coals4 ,:5 coals are burn+ 9 a common fire-place1 a flame m or less lum9\s1 accord+ z x is m or less encumb]$ ) incombu/ible smoke & vapor1 issues f !m2 & v frequ5tly emit "s v beautiful /reams ( a flame rem>kably bright4 ,all ?is arises f ! gases :i* are extricat$ f ! coal by ! heat4 ,x 0 natural to imag9e t su* gas might be receiv$ 9 prop] res]voirs1 &1 on be+ =c$ out ( small ap]tures1 & light$1 w\ld s]ve1 z ! flames ( c&les1 to illum9ate rooms or o!r places4 ,! trial 0 easily made1 & has be5 att5d$ ) ! desir$ effect4 #dj ,dr4 ,rees's ,new ,cyclopdia1 ,art4 ,light2 & ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory's ,lessons1 ,a/ronomical & ,philosophical p4 #aeg4 #da ,gregory's ,economy ( ,nature1 vol4 i1 p4 #agc4 #db ,see ,relig4 ,philos4 vol4 iii1 pp4 #hfi1 #hgj1 ,f\r? ,edition4 #dc ,/urm's ,reflections1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ahd4 #dd ,dr4 ,rees's ,cyclopdia1 ,art4 ,light4 #de ,p>kes's ,rudim5ts ( ,*emi/ry1 *ap4 xii4 #df ,s]mon on #a ,pet4 ii1 #ba4 #dg ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke on ,g54 i1 #ca4 #dh ,:5 ,z5o1 ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,/oics1 0 endeavor+ to prove1 by a sophi/ical argum5t1 t !re 0 no motion1 ,diog5es1 ! cynic1 :o _h come into 8 s*ool to he> him1 quickly />t$ up & walk$3 :i* 0 an ocul> demon/ration ( motion1 & suffici5t to refute all 8 sophisms adduc$ to ! contr>y4 #di ,see ,gurdon's ,six? ,s]mon at ,boyle's ,lecture4 #ej ,plato 9 ,ep9om4 #ea ,ari/ot4 ,physic4 lib4 vii1 c4 #e4 #eb ,dr ,a4 ,cl>ke on ,eph4 v1 #ae4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,second ,,day4 ,,on ,,! ,,atmosph]e4 ,composition ( ,atmosph]ic ,air -- ,atmosph]e divid$ into ?ree regions -- ,air a fluid -- ,its compressibility & ela/icity -- ,weight & pressure -- ,equilibrium -- ,transp>5cy -- ,w9d -- ,causes ( ,w9d -- ,v>iety ( ,w9ds -- ,velocity ( ,w9ds -- ,de/ructive ,w9ds -- ,w9d "u ! control ( ,god -- ,w9d a similitude ( ! ,holy ,_s's op]ations4 ,on ! second day ,god made a space or expansion1 surr\nd+ ! solid e>? to a c]ta9 height1 call$ ! atmosph]e4 ,?is ^w is d]iv$ f & 1 & signifies a body ( vapor 9 a sph]ical =m4 ,by ?is "n we und]/& ! 8entire mass ( air :i* encircles all p>ts ( ! t]re/rial globe1 :i* moves ) x r\nd ! sun1 :i* t\*es x 9 all p>ts1 asc5d+ to ! tops ( its m\nta9s1 p5etrat+ into its cavities1 & incessantly float+ on its wat]s4 ,x is a fluid :i* we inhale f ! fir/ to ! la/ mom5t ( our exi/5ce40 ,! ,hebrew ^w raki1 f rak1 us$ by ,moses1 7& :i* our translators1 by foll[+ ! firmam5tum ( ! ,vulgate1 :i* is a translation ( ! 1 ( ! ,septuag9t1 h improp]ly r5d]$ firmam5t17 signifies to spread out z ! curta9s ( a t5t or pavilion4#ec ,x corresponds ) ^? beautiful words ( ,isaiah1 8,x is he t ,,/ret*e? ,,out ! heav5s z a curta91 & ,,spreade? ,,!m out z a t5t to dwell 940 8,?us10 z a le>n$ & pi\s au?or ju/ly obs]ves1 8! second great production ( ! ,almighty 0 ! elem5t :i* is next 9 simplicity1 purity1 activity1 & p[]1 to ! light1 7or1 r fire17 & no d\bt 0 also us$ by him z an ag5t 9 produc+ "s subsequ5t effects40#ed ,x is p>ticul>ly des]v+ notice1 t1 aft] ! creation ( caloric1 ! atmosph]e 0 ! next regul> production4 ,if heat _h n previ\sly exi/$1 c\ld ! atmosph]e h be5 =m$8 ,! ,creator1 hav+ fir/ impress$ c]ta9 pr9ciples on matt]1 impregnat+ x ) repell+ =ces & sy/ematical attractions1 proce$$ ) 8 "w accord+ to ^! radical & fix$ laws4 ,"o ( ! g5]al laws discov]$ by ,dr4 ,black1 & :i* is laid d[n z a *emical axiom1 is1 t 8,:5ev] a body *anges its /ate1 x ei!r comb9es ) caloric1 or sep>ates f caloric40 8,! mo/ probable op9ion conc]n+ ! nature ( caloric10 says ,mr4 ,dalton1 8is t ( its be+ an ela/ic fluid ( great subtlety1 ^: p>ticles repel "o ano!r1 b are attract$ by all o!r bodies4 ,e k9d ( matt] has its peculi> aff9ity to heat1 by :i* x requires a c]ta9 portion ( ! fluid1 9 ord] to be 9 equilibrium ) o!r bodies at a c]ta9 temp]ature40#ee ,x is n[ g5]ally suppos$1 adds ,mr4 ,p>kes1 t ! air owes its ela/icity to ! caloric :i* x conta9s2 &1 t if x c\ld be depriv$ entirely ( ?is1 x w\ld lose its ela/ic =m4 ,! expansibility ( ! air is effect$ by ! op]ation ( caloric3 = be+ r>efi$ by heat1 x occupies a l>g] space ?an o!rwise x w\ld4 ,x is extremely probable1 says ,lavoisi]1 t air is a fluid naturally exi/+ 9 a /ate ( vapor2 or1 z we may bett] express x1 t our atmosph]e is a comp\nd ( all ! fluids :i* are susceptible ( ! vapor\s or p]man5tly ela/ic /ate1 9 ! usual temp]ature1 & "u ! common pressure4#ef ,= ! discov]y ( ! composition ( atmosph]ic air1 we are indebt$ to ,s*eele1 an able *emi/1 born #agdb1 at ,/ralsund1 9 ,g]many1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! ,academy ( ,/ockholm1 & "o ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,m$ic9e at ,p>is1 & ^: labori\s inve/igations ( nature h p]petuat$ 8 memory4 ,:5 ! nature ( atmosph]ic air began to be und]/ood1 x 0 imag9$ t x 0 a m]e mixture ( oxyg5 gas & nitrog5 gas2 & ,mr4 ,dalton is /ill ( ?is op9ion3 b1 says ,mr4 ,p>kes1 we h n[ abundant reason to believe t x is a m]e *emical comp\nd2 t is1 t ! oxyg5 & nitrog5 =m atmosph]ic air by a *emical union4 ,atmosph]ic air is a *emical mixture ( oxyg5 & nitrog5 r5d]$ arial by ! expansive p[] ( caloric3 x likewise conta9s a portion ( c>bonic acid gas1 :i* 0 =m]ly calculat$ at "o p] c5t42 b ,mr4 ,dalton has lately demon/rat$ t x does n am\nt to m ?an "o "p 9 a ?\s&4#eg ,c>bonic acid gas is ne>ly twice z heavy z common air2 h5ce x is evid5t t x mu/ comb9e *emically ) ! atmosph]e1 or x w\ld be f\nd only ne> ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,if x 7 m]ely mix$ ) atmosph]ic air1 its gravity w\ld prev5t x f asc5d+ to any great height3 b x is f\nd to exi/ 9 ! atmosph]e at ! greate/ heights1 7?\gh probably n 9 ! same proportion7 z well z ne> ! surface ( ! e>?2 :i* is a pro( t x is n a m]e mixture1 b t x is *emically comb9$ ) ! air4 ,!re are ab\t #bb p>ts ( oxyg51 & #gh ( nitrog51 9 e #ajj measures ( atmosph]ic air1 or #bc ( ! =m] & #gg ( ! latt]1 if ! calculation be made by weight4#eh ,antony de ,m>ti obs]ves1 ,if a few hundr$? p>ts ( oxyg5 only 7 want+ 9 atmosph]ic air1 fire w\ld lose its /r5g?1 c&les w\ld n diffuse su* complete light1 & animals w\ld ) difficulty sep>ate ! necess>y quantity ( ! vivify+ oxyg54 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! atmosph]e 7 m *>g$ ) oxyg5 ?an nitrog51 animals inde$ w\ld acquire a m free respiration2 b1 let u consid] ! activity :i* fire w\ld acquire by air ( sup]ior purity4 ,we "k t1 on "s occasions1 ! lea/ sp>k excites ! /ronge/ flame 9 a combu/ible body1 & :i* increases s mu* z to consume x 9 a few mom5ts3 c&les !n w\ld be no soon] light$ ?an !y w\ld be de/roy$1 )\t answ]+ any o!r purpose ?an t ( dazzl+ u = a few mom5ts3 iron w\ld be calc9$1 in/ead ( acquir+ f ! fire t s(tness necess>y = trans=m+ x into its v>i\s in/rum5ts1 & :i* x _c receive 9 a m mod]ate heat4 ,no?+ w\ld be capable ( *eck+ ! progress ( ?is de/ructive elem5t1 :i* is n\ri%$ by vital air1 if ?is ari=m sub/ance 7 n abundantly mix$ ) mephitic air1 :i* s]ves to re/ra9 x4 ,pure atmosph]ic air is compos$ ( ?ree gase\s sub/ances only1 b is p]petually contam9at$ by a v>iety ( exhalations f ! e>?4 8,! atmosph]e is a va/ laboratory10 says ,f\rcroy1 89 :i* nature op]ates imm5se analyses1 solutions1 precipitations1 & comb9ations3 x is a gr& res]voir1 9 :i* all ! att5uat$ & volatiliz$ productions ( t]re/rial bodies are receiv$1 m+l$1 agitat$1 comb9$1 & sep>at$4 ,not)/&+ ?is mixture1 ( :i* x seems impossible = u to asc]ta9 ! nature1 atmosph]ic air is s5sibly ! same1 ) reg>d to its intimate qualities1 :]ev] we exam9e x40 ,h5ce1 :atev] may be ! nature ( ! arial fluid1 :5 absolutely pure1 t :i* we brea!1 & :i* commonly goes "u ! "n ( air1 mu/ be consid]$ z an exce$+ly het]og5e\s mixture1 v>i\s at v>i\s times1 & :i* x is by no means possible to analyze ) accuracy4 ,! :ole mass ( x conta9s a great deal ( wat]1 toge!r ) ! va/ collection ( p>ticles rais$ f all bodies ( matt] on ! surface ( ! e>? by effluvia1 exhalations1 c1 s t x may be t]m$ a *aos ( ! p>ticles ( all sorts ( matt] confus$ly m+l$ toge!r4 ,& h5ce x has be5 consid]$ z a l>ge *emical vessel1 9 :i* ! matt] ( all k9ds ( bodies is copi\sly float+2 & ?us expos$ to ! cont9ual action ( t imm5se surface1 ! sun1 f :5ce proce$ innum]able op]ations1 sublimations1 sep>ations1 compositions1 dige/ions1 f]m5tations1 putrefications1 c4 ,?\gh1 9 ?is view1 ! atmosph]e seems to be a k9d ( s9k or common sew]1 :]e all ! poison\s effluvia aris+ f putrid & corrupt$ matt] is deposit$2 yet x has a wond]ful facility ( purify+ itself1 & "o way or o!r1 ( deposit+ ^? vapors conta9$ 9 x2 s t x nev] becomes noxi\s1 except 9 p>ticul> places1 & = a %ort "t2 ! g5]al mass rema9+1 ^u all occasions1 pretty mu* ! same4#ei ,! way 9 :i* ?is purification is effect$1 is diff]5t accord+ to ! nature ( ! vapor ) :i* ! air is load$4 ,aque\s vapor asc5ds2 & also mu* ( t vapor aris+ f decay$ & putrid animal & vegetable sub/ances1 7& :i*1 by "s mod]n philosoph]s1 is call$ phlogi/on1 atta*+ itself to ! aque\s vapor17 asc5ds along ) x2 & probably desc5ds aga9 ) ! ra92 :5ce ! f]tiliz+ qualities ( ra9-wat] above ^? ( any o!r3 :ile ano!r "p is absorb$ by vegetables2 = ! phlogi/ic vapor is probably ! food = plants4 ,b sulphure\s1 acid1 & metall9e exhalations1 produc$ pr9cipally by volcanos2 vapors1 aris+ f h\ses :]e lead & o!r metals are smelt$2 desc5d1 9 consequ5ce ( _! specific gravity1 & suffocate & spread de/ruction ar\nd !m1 poison+ n only animals1 b vegetables also4 ,f all ^!1 ! air seems n capable ( purify+ itself1 o!rwise ?an by w9ds1 or by lett+ !m subside by _! sup]ior gravity1 till !y are absorb$ ei!r by ! e>? or wat]1 accord+ z x is _! nature to unite ) "o or o!r ( ^! elem5ts4 ,( ?is k9d also seem to be ! vapors :i* are prop]ly call$ pe/il5tial4 ,! contagion ( ! plague itself seems to be ( a heavy1 sluggi% nature1 incapable ( ris+ 9 ! air1 b atta*+ itself to ! walls ( h\ses1 b$-clo!s1 & we>+ app>el4 ,h5ce1 sc>cely any con/itution ( ! atmosph]e c dispel ^! noxi\s effluvia2 nor does x seem probable t pe/il5tial di/emp]s ev] cease until ! contagion has op]at$ s long1 & be5 s frequ5tly communicat$ f "o to ano!r1 t1 l a f]m5t mu* expos$ to ! air1 x becomes vapid1 communicates a mild] infection1 & at la/ loses its /r5g? altoge!r4 ,! atmosph]e1 or body ( air encompass+ ! e>? on all sides1 is g5]ally divid$ into ?ree regions4 ,! l[e/ region ext5ds f ! e>? to ! place :]e ! air is no long] heat$ by ! rays :i* ! e>? reflects3 ?is region is ! wanne/4 ,! middle region beg9s :]e ! prec$+ "o ends1 & goes to ! summit ( ! highe/ m\nta9s1 or ev5 ! highe/ cl\ds2 ?is is ! space :]e ra91 hail1 & sn[ are eng5d]$3 ?is region is mu* cold] ?an ! prec$+ "o4 ,! ?ird region ext5ds f ! middle "o to ! utmo/ height ( ! atmosph]e2 ^: limits h n be5 asc]ta9$4#fj ,if ! air 7 ( an equal d5sity ?r\gh\t1 ! height ( ! atmosph]e might be det]m9$3 b s9ce ! d5sity ( ! air decreases ) ! pressure1 x w be m r>efi$ & exp&$ ! high] we g2 & by ?is means ! altitude ( ! atmosph]e becomes indef9ite1 & t]m9ates 9 pure e!r4 ,b ?\gh we _c assign its real height1 x is c]ta91 f obs]vations & exp]im5ts1 t a di/ance ( #de or #ej miles is ! utmo/ limit :]e ! d5sity is suffici5t to refract ! rays ( light4 ,= ! beg9n+ & end+ ( twilight %[1 t ! height at :i* ! atmosph]e beg9s to refract ! sun's light is ab\t #de ,engli% miles2 & !re=e t may be reckon$ ! altitude ( ! air to ! lea/ degree ( d5sity4 ,! air is ju/ly reckon$ among ! numb] ( fluids1 because x has all ! prop]ties by :i* a fluid is di/+ui%$4 ,x requires b little att5tion to be conv9c$ ( ?is4 ,! air yields to ! smalle/ =ce impress$ on x2 its p>ts are easily mov$ among !mselves2 x presses accord+ to its p]p5dicul> height1 & its pressure is e :]e equal4 ,t ! air is a fluid consi/+ ( su* p>ticles z h no cohesion among !mselves1 b easily glide ov] "o ano!r1 & yield to ! smalle/ impression1 appe>s f ! ease & fre$om ) :i* animals brea! 9 x1 & move ?r\gh x )\t any difficulty or s5sible resi/ance4 ,! ease ) :i* x is p5etrat$1 & driv5 ab\t 9 e direction1 & ! motion ( x 9 pipes & *annels1 h[ev] crook$ & intricate1 demon/rate its fluidity4 ,x is also kn[n to be a fluid1 by ! easy conveyance :i* x af=ds to s\nd4 ,compressibility & ela/icity are evid5t prop]ties ( air4 ,its ela/icity 0 fir/ asc]ta9$ by "s exp]im5ts ( ,"l ,bacon4 ,! air ne>e/ ! e>? is 9 a /ate ( compression1 occupy+ a small] space ?an x o!rwise w\ld d1 7 x n compress$ by ! sup]9cumb5t air4 ,x mu/ !re=e be 9 a /ate some?+ resembl+ t ( a quantity ( f9e c>d$ wool ?r[n loosely into a deep pit2 ! l[] /rata support+ ! weight ( ! upp] /rata1 & be+ compress$ by !m2 & s mu* ! m compress$ z !y are fur!r d[n1 :ile ! upp] /ratum only is 9 its uncon/ra9$ & mo/ exp&$ /ate4 ,if we %\ld suppose ?is wool ?r[n 9 by a hundr$ weight at a "t1 x w be divid$ into /rata ( equal weights1 b ( unequal ?ickness1 ! l[e/ be+ ! ?9ne/1 & ! sup]ior /rata gradually increas+ 9 ?ickness4#fa ,:5 ! air is 9 a /ate ( compression1 we f9d t ! same =ce ) :i* we compress$ x is necess>y to keep x 9 its bulk2 & t if we cease to press x toge!r1 x w swell out & rega9 its natural dim5sions1 :i* %[s its ela/icity4 ,?is di/+ui%es x ess5tially f su* a body z a mass ( fl\r1 salt1 & su* l1 :i* rema9s 9 ! compress$ /ate to :i* we r$uce x4 ,!re is some?+ !re=e :i* opposes ! compression ( air1 diff]5t f its simple imp5etrability1 & produces motion1 by repell+ ! compress+ body4 ,z an arr[ is gradually accel]at$ by ! b[-/r+ press+ x =w>d1 & at ! mom5t ( its dis*>ge is br\ght to a /ate ( rapid motion2 s ! ball f a pop-gun or w9d-gun is gradually accel]at$ along ! b>rel by ! pressure ( ! air dur+ its expansion f its compress$ /ate1 & f9ally quits x ) an accumulat$ velocity4 ,^! two motions are indications p]fectly simil> to ! ela/icity ( ! b[ & ( ! air4 ,mr4 ,p>kes obs]ves1 t atmosph]ic air 9 all /ates1 & 9 all seasons1 is p]man5tly ela/ic4 ,?is ela/icity arises f caloric be+ *emically comb9$ ) ! solid sub/ances ( :i* x is compos$4 ,i say solid1 because we h abundant evid5ce t oxyg5 & nitrog5 are bo? capable ( tak+ a solid =m1 & actually d1 9 _m in/ances1 exi/ 9 a /ate ( solidity4 ,nitrog5 is a compon5t "p ( all animal sub/ances1 & exi/s 9 a solid /ate 9 all ! ammoniacal salts4 ,oxyg5 takes ! same /ate :5 x comb9es ) metals & o!r combu/ibles2 & 9 ! composition ( ! nitr\s salts !y bo? take ! same /ate ( solidity4 ,^! facts surely ev9ce t atmosph]ic air owes its fluidity to caloric4 ,dr4 ,hales1 by means ( a press1 cond5s$ ! air #cc times2 &1 aft]w>ds1 by =c+ wat] 9 an iron globe1 into #a1eea times less space ?an x naturally occupies4 ,! dilation ( ! air1 by virtue ( its ela/ic =ce1 is f\nd to be v surpris+4 ,9 exp]im5ts made by ,mr4 ,boyle1 x dilat$ to #aj1jjj1 & ev51 at la/1 9 #ac1fgi times its space2 & ?is altoge!r by its own expansive =ce1 )\t ! help ( fire4 ,9 fact1 x appe>s t ! air we brea! is compress$ by its own weight into at lea/ ! #ac1fgi? "p ( ! space x w\ld occupy 9 vacuo4 ,b if ! same air be cond5s$ by art1 ! space x w\ld take up :5 mo/ dilat$1 w be1 accord+ to ! same au?or's exp]im5ts1 z #eej1jjj to #a4 ,x is only by means ( ! exp]im5ts made ) pumps1#fb & ! b>ometrical tube1 by ,galileo & ,torricelli1 t we came to ! pro(1 n only t ! atmosph]e is endu$ ) weight & pressure1 b also ( ! measure & quantity ( t pressure4 ,! rise ( wat] 9 a pump 0 =m]ly attribut$ to ! horror t nature _h ( a vacuum4 ,?is absurd notion 0 refut$ ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 by ! foll[+ occurr5ce4 ,! ,duke ( ,flor5ce1 hav+ occasion to raise wat] to ! height ( #ej or #fj feet1 ord]$ a common pump to be made = t purpose2 b :5 x 0 complet$1 ! workm5 7 a/oni%$ to f9d t x w\ld n "w4 ,! matt] 0 ref]r$ to ,galileo1 b he 0 unable to acc\nt = x 9 any way4 ,all !y 7 able to det]m9e 01 t wat] w\ld n rise 9 a common pump m ?an #cb or #ce feet4 ,! fact rema9$ inexplicable till philosoph]s caught ! idea ( atmosph]ic pressure2 s9ce :51 ! susp5sion ( m]cury 9 ! b>omet]1 & wat] 9 a pump1 h be5 well und]/ood4#fc ,t ! air is a heavy body1 has be5 demon/rat$ by a v>iety ( exp]im5ts4 ,! air next ! e>? is m d5se ?an t at a di/ance1 because1 z x is ( an ela/ic or spr+y nature1 x is press$ d[n by ! :ole weight ( ! sup]9cumb5t air4 ,its g5]al =ce ( gravity appe>s1 f its surr\nd+ ! e>?1 & always accompany+ x 9 its orbit r\nd ! sun4 ,z ! matt] ( :i* ! air is compos$ is always v>iable1 s likewise w its weight or gravity be1 z b>omet]s ( v>i\s k9ds & /ructure ev9ce4 ,! weight ( ! air at ! e>?'s surface1 is f\nd by ! quantity ( m]cury t ! atmosph]e balances 9 ! b>omet]2 9 :i*1 at a mean /ate1 ! m]cury /&s #bi in*es high4 ,& if ! tube 7 a squ>e in* wide1 x w\ld at t height conta9 #bi cubic in*es ( m]cury1 :i* is j #ae p\nds weight2 & s mu* weight ( air e squ>e in* ( ! e>?'s surface su/a9s2 & e squ>e foot1 z conta9+ #add in*es1 mu/ su/a9 a pressure ( #b1afj4 ,at ?is rate1 a middle-siz$ man1 ^: surface is ab\t #ae squ>e feet1 mu/ su/a9 a weight ( #cb1djj p\nds1 or #af tons2 = ! air1 l o!r fluids1 presses equally upw>ds1 d[nw>ds1 & sideways1 9 e direction4 ,b because ?is enorm\s weight be>s equally on all sides1 & is c\nt]balanc$ by ! spr+ ( air diffus$ ?r\gh all p>ts ( ! body1 x is n 9 ! lea/ felt by u4#fd ,by ?is enorm\s pressure we %\ld und\bt$ly be cru%$ 9 a mom5t 7 n all p>ts ( our bodies fill$ ei!r ) air or "s o!r ela/ic fluid1 ^: spr+ is j suffici5t to c\nt]balance ! weight ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! human body is a bundle ( solids1 h>d or s(t1 fill$ or mix$ ) fluids1 & !re are few or no p>ts ( x :i* are empty4 ,all communicate ei!r by vessels or pores2 & ! :ole surface is a sieve ?r\gh :i* ! ins5sible p]spiration is p]=m$4 ,! :ole ext5d$ surface ( ! lungs is op5 to ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e2 e ?+ !re=e is 9 equilibrio3 & if free or spe$y access be giv5 to e "p1 ! body w n be damag$ by ! pressure1 h[ev] great1 any m ?an a wet sponge w\ld be d]ang$ by plung+ x any dep? 9 wat]4 ,! pressure is in/antane\sly diffus$ by means ( ! incompressible fluids ) :i* ! p>ts are fill$3 & if any p>ts are fill$ ) air or o!r compressible fluids1 ^! are compress$ till _! ela/icity balances ! pressure4 ,besides1 all our fluids are acquir$ sl[ly1 & gradually mix$ ) t proportion ( air :i* !y c dissolve or conta94 ,! :ole animal has gr[n up 9 ?is mann] f ! fir/ vital atom ( ! embryo4 ,= su* reasons ! pressure c occasion no *ange ( %ape by squeez+ toge!r ! flexible p>ts2 nor any ob/ruction by compress+ ! vessels or pores4 ,sometimes ! air is s heavy & ela/ic z to support ! m]cury 9 ! tube at ! height ( #ca in*es ne>ly2 at o!r times x is s light & unela/ic1 z to suff] x to fall z l[ z #bh in*es4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two altitudes is ?ree in*es1 t is1 ab\t #a-i? ( ! :ole weight ( ! atmosph]e4 ,our bodies1 !re=e1 are sometimes press$ ) a weight "o-n9? m ?an at o!r times1 t is1 ) ab\t #c1cfj p\nds m weight at "o "t ?an ano!r4 ,?is has consid]able effect on our feel+s1 & consequ5tly on our heal?1 b we are apt to ascribe ?is effect to a wrong cause4 ,:5 we feel ourselves dull & languid1 we ?9k x is ow+ to ! air be+ too ?ick & heavy ab\t u4 ,b x is j ! rev]se3 ! air is !n too light & ?91 z is evid5t f ! m]cury's s9k+ 9 ! b>omet]1 & its n be>+ up ! cl\ds3 x is seldom d5se en\gh at two miles height to be> !m up4#fe ,! weight ( ! air is prov$ by its support+ ! cl\ds & vapors :i* we s frequ5tly see float+ 9 x2 9 ! same mann] t ! swimm+ ( a piece ( wood indicates ! weight ( ! wat] :i* supports x4 ,x may be rem>k$1 says ,mr4 ,p>kes1 t ! ,creator has end[$ atmosph]ic air ) ! prop]ty ( pres]v+ its own equilibrium at all times & 9 all places4 ,its ela/icity is su*1 t1 h[ev] x may be consum$ by respiration or combu/ion1 its place is imm$iately suppli$ ) a new portion2 & ?\gh by a mi/ak5 policy ! doors & w9d[s ( our habitations may be con/ruct$ s z to exclude x z mu* z possible1 x w h admission2 x =ces its way ?r\gh e crevice1 & p]=ms ! mo/ important (fice assign$ x1 9 defiance ( all our ex]tions4 ,if ! prop]ties :i* are giv5 to ! diff]5t sub/ances 9 nature1 & ! laws by :i* !y are gov]n$1 be ?us exam9$1 we %all f9d !m all t5d+ to promote ! welf>e & felicity ( e species ( animat$ be+s4 ,! transp>5cy ( ! air is a v b5eficial prop]ty x possesses4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,keill1 & o!r writ]s on a/ronomy1 x is entirely ow+ to ! atmosph]e t ! heav5s appe> bright 9 ! day-"t4 ,=1 )\t an atmosph]e1 t "p ( ! heav5s only w\ld %9e 9 :i* ! sun is plac$3 & if we c\ld exi/ )\t air1 & %\ld turn our backs t[>d ! sun1 ! :ole heav5s w\ld appe> z d>k z 9 ! night1 & ! />s w\ld be se5 z cle> z 9 ! nocturnal sky4 ,9 ?is case we %\ld h no twilight2 b a sudd5 transition f ! brighte/ sun%9e to ! blacke/ d>kness imm$iately aft] sunset2 & f ! blacke/ d>kness to ! brighte/ sun%9e at sun-ris+2 :i* w\ld be extremely inconv5i5t1 if n fatal to ! sight ( m54 ,b1 by means ( ! atmosph]e1 we enjoy ! sun's light1 reflect$ f ! arial p>ticles1 = "s "t be=e he rises1 & aft] he sets4 ,=1 :5 ! e>? by its rotation has prev5t$ u f see+ ! sun1 ! atmosph]e1 be+ /ill high] ?an we1 has ! sun's light imp>t$ to x1 :i* gradually decreases until he has desc5d$ #ah degrees bel[ ! horizon2 & !n1 all t "p ( ! atmosph]e :i* is above u becomes d>k4 ,! atmosph]e refracts ! sun's rays s1 z to br+ him 9 sight e cle> day1 be=e he rises 9 ! horizon2 & to keep him 9 view = "s m9utes aft] he is really set bel[ x4 ,=1 at "s times ( ! ye>1 we see ! sun t5 m9utes long] above ! horizon1 ?an he w\ld be if !re 7 no refractions2 & ab\t six m9utes e day at a mean rate4 ,we _c b p]ceive ! wisdom ( ,god display$ 9 ?is contrivance1 to prev5t ! sudd5 transition f light to extreme d>kness1 & 8 goodness manife/$ !re9 to man4 ,besides ^!1 !re are _m o!r advantages we d]ive f ! atmosph]e4 ,7 x n = ! atmosph]ic air1 :i* is ! vehicle ( light & s\nd1 our eyes w\ld be useless1 & ! pleasures :i* arise f ! v>iegat$ prospects t n[ surr\nd u1 unkn[n4 ,s\nd w\ld nev] /rike our e>s1 nor convey ! *>ms ( language f "o p]son to ano!r2 all ! delights ( mutual conv]se w\ld be lo/4 ,! s5se ( smell w\ld nev] be regal$ ) odorif]\s sweets2 nor annoy$ ) exhalations f putrid & morbid sub/ances4 ,9 %ort1 life w\ld become ext9ct1 & a *aos ( d>kness & empt9ess ensue4 ,x has be5 well rem>k$1 t1 if ! ,deity _h int5d$ only to give u exi/5ce1 & _h be5 indiff]5t ab\t our happ9ess or mis]y1 all ! necess>y purposes ( he>+ might h be5 answ]$ )\t h>mony2 ( smell1 )\t fragrance2 ( vision )\t beauty4 ,! consid]ation ( ! v>i\s uses to :i* ! diff]5t sub/ances 9 nature may be appli$1 gives s satisfactory an assurance ( ! goodness ( ! ,almighty1 z is calculat$ to produce 9 u gratitude & ob$i5ce4 ,) ?is view1 an elegant ,fr5* writ] has said on ?is necess>y fluid1 8,9 ! use ( atmosph]ic air1 man is ! only be+ :o gives to x all ! modulations ( :i* x is susceptible4 ,) 8 voice alone1 he imitates ! hiss+1 ! cries1 & ! melody ( all animals2 :ile he enjoys ! gift ( spee* d5i$ to e o!r4 ,to ! air he also communicates s5sibility2 he makes x sigh 9 ! pipe1 lam5t 9 ! flute1 ?reat5 9 ! trumpet1 & animates to ! tone ( 8 passions ev5 ! solid brass1 ! box tree1 & ! re$4 ,sometimes he makes x 8 slave3 he =ces x to gr9d1 to bruise1 & to move = 8 advantage an endless v>iety ( ma*9es4 ,9 a ^w1 he h>nesses x to 8 e>1 & obliges x to waft him ov] ! /ormy bill[s ( ! ocean40 ,w9d is air 9 motion4 ,z ! air is a fluid1 its natural /ate is t ( re/1 :i* x _c h b by an univ]sal equilibrium ( all its p>ts4 ,:51 !re=e1 ?is natural equipoise ( ! atmosph]e is de/roy$ 9 any "p1 ! circumjac5t air necess>ily moves t[>ds t "p1 to re/ore x2 & ?is motion ( ! air is call$ w9d4 ,h5ce1 :]e ! equilibrium ( ! air is di/urb$1 ! w9d may bl[ f e po9t ( ! compass at ! same "t3 ^? :o live nor?w>d ( t po9t h a nor? w9d2 ^? :o live s\?w>d h a s\? w9d2 & s on ( ! re/3 b ^? :o live on ! spot1 :]e all ^? w9ds meet & ru% toge!r1 w h turbul5t & boi/]\s wea!r1 su* z :irlw9ds & hurricanes1 accompani$ ) ra91 lightn+1 & ?und]4 ,= sulphure\s exhalations f ! s\?1 torr5ts ( nitre f ! nor?1 & aque\s vapors f e "p1 are !re viol5tly bl5d$ toge!r1 & seldom fail to produce ^! ph5om5a4 ,! causes ( w9d augm5t or dim9i% ! gravity or ela/icity ( ! atmosph]e2 = two portions ( air1 :i* are equal 9 ela/icity or gravity1 rema9 mutually immoveable4 ,we mu/ look = ! causes ( w9d 9 ! v>iation ( heat & cold1 ! position ( ! sun1 ! nature ( ! soil1 ! inflammation ( meteors1 ! cond5sation ( ! vapors into ra91 & o!r simil> circum/ances3 b ! mo/ g5]al causes are heat & cold4 ,fire1 :i* exp&s & r>efies ! air1 dim9i%es its ela/icity1 &1 consequ5tly1 makes x light] 9 "s places ?an 9 o!rs2 h5ce ! pressure ( ! ambi5t air is great] ?an t ( ! r>efi$1 :5ce a motion arises2 & ?us sev]al w9ds bl[ t[>ds ! "p :]e ! air is r>efi$ by ! heat2 :i* curr5ts ( air1 if /rong1 are call$ w9ds1 if g5tle1 breezes or gales4 ,?us ! air is con/antly c>ri$ f ! pol> regions t[>ds ! torrid zone1 :]e x is also affect$ by ! diurnal motion ( ! sun f ea/ to we/4 8,:5 we reflect att5tively ^u ! nature ( w9ds 9 g5]al10 says ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory1 8consid]+ all ! causes :i* di/urb ! equilibrium ( ! atmosph]e1 ! great mobility due to its fluidity & its ela/icity1 ! influ5ce ( heat & cold ^u ! latt]1 ! imm5se quantity ( vapor ) :i* x is *>g$ & dis*>g$ alt]nately1 ! mutual effect ( contigu\s air & wat] 9 motion1 ! v>i$ attractions ( ! sun & moon1 ^u ! arial fluid1 & f9ally ! *anges produc$ by ! e>?'s rotation 9 ! velocity ( ! atmosph]ical molecul at diff]5t p>allels ( latitude2 we %all no long] be a/oni%$ at ! incon/ancy & v>iety :i* infr+e ^u ! regul>ity ( "s ( our w9ds1 nor ( ! extreme difficulty ( r$uc+ ! :ole to laws we>+ ! semblance ( c]ta9ty40#ff ,!re is a great v>iety ( w9ds4 ,! anci5ts obs]v$ only f\r1 call$ v5ti c>d9ales1 because !y bl[ f ! f\r c>d9al po9ts4 ,hom] m5tions no m ?an eurus1 ! ea/2 notus1 ! s\?2 zephyrus1 ! we/2 & boreas1 ! nor? w9d4#fg ,9 imitation ( him1 o!rs d ! same4 ,aft]w>ds int]m$iate w9ds 7 add$1 fir/ "o1 !n two1 betwe5 ea* ( ^!4 ,mo/ writ]s1 make only eight w9ds1 & ,vitruvius#fh in=ms u t ! ,a!nians built a m>ble t[] 9 ! =m ( an octagon ) eight w9ds m>k$1 e "o on t side :i* fac$ x4 ,! mod]ns make #cb w9ds1 ! f\r c>d9al w9ds #ij degrees di/ant1 & #bh collat]al or int]m$iate1 #aa degrees & #ae m9utes di/ant f ea* o!r1 ( :i* ^? 9 ! middle betwe5 two c>d9als1 are #de degrees di/ant f ea* c>d9al4#fi ,b "s make z _m po9ts on ! compass1 & z _m w9ds1 z !re are degrees on ! horizon1 namely1 #cfj4 ,! w9ds = a consid]able space nor? ( ! equator1 ab\t #cj degrees 9 ! op5 sea1 bl[ f ! nor?-ea/1 & z f> s\? ( ! equator1 f ! s\?-ea/4 ,^! are call$ trade-w9ds1 f _! facilitat+ trad+ voyages4 ,9 ! ,indian ocean1 f its p>ticul> situation1 & t ( ! l&s :i* surr\nd x1 f ,april or ,may1 to ,octob] or ,novemb]1 ! w9d bl[s f s\?-ea/ to nor?-we/2 & dur+ ! re/ ( ! ye> f ! opposite qu>t]s3 ^! w9ds are call$ monsoons4 ,9 ,jamaica & ! ,c>ibbee isl&s1 9 ! mon?s ( ,july1 ,augu/1 or ,septemb]1 !re are usually viol5t /orms ( w9d1 call$ hurricanes2 ! w9d dur+ ! hurricane frequ5tly ve]+1 & bl[+ 9 e direction4 8,w9ds f all qu>t]s agitate ! air ,& fit ! limpid elem5t = use1 ,else noxi\s4 ,oceans1 riv]s1 lakes1 & /reams1 ,all feel ! fre%'n+ impulse1 & are cleans$ ,by re/less undulation4 ,e'en ! oak ?rives by ! rude concussion ( ! /orm4 ,he seems inde$ indignant1 & to feel ,! impression ( ! bla/ ) pr\d disda91 ,fr[n+1 z if 9 8 unconsci\s arm ,he held ! ?und]4 ,b ! mon>* owes ,8 firm /ability to :at he scorns1 ,m fix$ bel[1 ! m di/urb$ above40 ,w9ds h be5 measur$1 & _! velocity calculat$4 ,! foll[+ is ,mr4 ,john ,smeaton's table ( ! rate at :i* ! w9d travels3 ,w9d4 ,miles 9 ,feet 9 an ,h\r4 a ,sec4 ,h>dly p]ceptible #a #a1dg ,j p]ceptible #b #b1ih #c #d1dj ,g5tle1 pleasant #d #e1hg #e #g1ce ,pleasant brisk gale #aj #ad1fg #ae #bb1jj ,v brisk #bj #bi1cd #be #cf1fg ,high w9ds #cj #dd1ja #ce #ea1cd ,v high #dj #eh1fh #de #ff1ja ,/orm1 tempe/ #ej #gc1ce ,great /orm #fj #hh1jb ,hurricane #hj #aag1cf ---- t te>s up trees1 de/roys build+s c4 c4 #ajj #adf1gjgj ,!re are "s w9ds t are awfully de/ructive4 ,9 ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia1 p>ticul>ly at ,ormus1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,june & ,july1 a hot suffocat+ w9d sometimes bl[s f ! we/1 = a day or two toge!r1 :i* scor*es up & de/roys any animal expos$ to x4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! p ( ,ormus !n leave _! habitations1 & retire to ! m\nta9s4 ,w9ds simil> to ?is 9 k9d1 b n 9 degree1 are sometimes felt on ! coa/ ( ,corom&el1 :]e !y are call$ t]r5os2 & likewise on ! ,malab> coa/4 ,on ! coa/ ( ,africa1 nor? ( ,cape ,v]d1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,decemb]1 ,janu>y1 & ,febru>y1 an ea/]ly w9d sometimes bl[s = a day or two1 call$ by sailors h>mattan1 s int5sely cold1 z to be almo/ z de/ructive z ! we/ w9ds at ,ormus4 ,! simoon is a hot w9d :i* bl[s occasionally 9 ! des]ts ( ,arabia1 p>*$ by a v]tical sun4 ,if inhal$ 9 any quantity1 x produces in/ant suffocation1 or at lea/ leaves ! unhappy suff]] oppress$ ) an a/hma & l[ness ( spirits4 ,its approa* is p]ceiv$ by a r$ness 9 ! air1 well und]/ood by ^? :o are accu/om$ to j\rney ?r\gh ! des]t2 & ! only refuge :i* !y h f x1 is to fall d[n ) _! faces close to ! gr\nd1 & to cont9ue z long z possible )\t respiration4#ga ,sirocco is a p]iodical w9d :i* g5]ally bl[s 9 ,italy & ,dalmatia e ye> ab\t ,ea/]4 ,x bl[s f ! s\?-ea/ by s\?2 x is att5d$ ) heat1 b n ra92 its ord9>y p]iod is tw5ty days1 & x usually ceases at sunset4 ,:5 ! sirocco does n bl[ 9 ?is mann]1 ! summ] is almo/ free f ea/]ly w9ds1 :irlw9ds1 & /orms4 ,?is w9d is prejudicial to plants1 dry+ & burn+ up ! buds2 ?\gh x hurts n man any o!rwise ?an by caus+ 9 him an extraord9>y weakness & lassitude2 inconv5i5ces t are fully comp5sat$ by a pl5tiful fi%+1 & a good crop on ! m\nta9s4 ,9 ! summ] "t1 :5 ! we/]ly w9d ceases = a day1 x is a sign t ! sirroco w bl[ ! day foll[+1 :i* usually beg9s ) a sort ( :irlw9d4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul 0 sail+ close to ! %ore at ,crete1 !re arose 9 ! nor?-ea/1 a tempe/u\s w9d1 call$ by ! sacr$ hi/orian1 euroclydon2 by ,pl9y1 ! m>9]'s plague2 & 9 mod]n language1 a levant]1 :i* drove ! %ip f ! coa/3 ?is n be+ a po9t w9d1 b r a k9d ( hurricane1 (t5 %ift+ its qu>t]1 toss$ !m backw>d & =w>d 9 ! ,adriatic4 ,on ,saturday1 ,novemb] #bg1 #agjc1 a trem5d\s /orm %ook all ,europe1 :i* has be5 consid]$ ! mo/ dreadful tempe/ t has ev] tak5 place s9ce ! deluge4 ,?is /orm comm5c$ ?ree days be=e x arriv$ at its height4 ,a /rong we/ w9d set 9 ab\t ! middle ( ! mon?1 ! =ce ( :i* 0 increas$ e day till ! #bg?4 ,great damage 0 su/a9$1 & mu* al>m excit$1 bo? by sea & l&4 ,! late ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/5nett1 9 endeavor+ to acc\nt = x1 obs]ves1 t 8hav+ mo/ probably tak5 its rise 9 ,am]ica1 x made its way across ! we/]n ocean1 & collect+ conf$]ate matt] 9 its passage ov] ! seas1 sp5t its fury on ^? p>ts ( ! _w1 :i!r ?is army ( t]rors 0 pr9cipally commission$40 ,! viol5ce ( ! w9d produc$ a ho>se1 dreadful noise1 l "o cont9u$ peal ( ?und]2 :il/ ! excessive d>kness ( ! night add$ to ! horror ( ! sc5e4 ,"s acc\nts say1 t x light5$2 b x is probable1 t ?is appreh5sion arose f !re be+1 at times1 _m meteors & vapors 9 ! air2 ! hurry & agitation ( nature be+ too great to admit ( ?und] & lightn+1 9 _! usual c\rse4 ,great loss ( prop]ty 0 su/a9$2 _m pa9ful accid5ts happ5$ to ^? :o escap$ ) _! lives2 & n a few _h all _! appreh5sions realiz$1 z !y met dea? 9 "s ( its mo/ dreadful =ms4 ,9 ! city ( ,london & its vic9ity1 m ?an #hjj dwell+-h\ses 7 laid 9 ru9s1 & above #b1jjj /acks ( *imnies 7 precipitat$ to ! gr\nd4 ,z a fur!r pro( ( its /r5g? & fury1 we are in=m$1 t ! lead :i* cov]$ ! ro( ( #ajj *ur*es1 0 roll$ up1 & hurl$1 9 prodigi\s quantities1 to great di/ances4 ,b ! dreadful deva/ation spread ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,9 "o ext5sive pla91 on ! banks ( ! ,sev]n1 n less ?an #ae1jjj %eep1 be+ unable to resi/ its viol5ce1 7 driv5 into ! riv] & dr[n$4 ,su* 0 ! quantity ( trees torn up by _! roots1 t a p]son anxi\s to asc]ta9 ! numb]1 _h proce$$ ?r\gh b a "p ( ! c\nty ( ,k5t1 :51 arriv+ at ! prodigi\s am\nt ( #bej1jjj1 he rel9qui%$ ! und]tak+4 ,if su* 7 ! dreadful ravages ( ?is /orm by l&1 x w be anticipat$ !y 7 /ill m disa/r\s on ! wat]4 ,accord+ly we are in=m$1 t ! be/ "p ( our navy be+ !n at sea1 if x _h be5 at any o!r ?an a full flood & spr+ tide1 ! loss might h prov$ fatal to ! nation4 ,x 0 comput$ t n less ?an #cjj %ips 7 utt]ly de/roy$ by ?is tempe/2 among :i* 7 #ae ( ! royal navy1 conta9+ upw>ds ( #b1jjj seam51 :o 8sunk z lead 9 ! mighty wat]s40 ,! :ole loss ( prop]ty 0 e/imat$ at f\r millions ( money--( lives1 ab\t eight ?\s&--& cattle )\t numb]4 ,t[>ds ! ev5+ ( ! #bg?1 x pleas$ ,him1 8:o ga!re? ! w9d 9 8 fi/s10 gradually to suppress ! /orm1 till !re 0 a p]fect calm4 ,m5 7 enc\rag$ to leave ! retreats 9 :i* !y _h tak5 refuge1 & view ! 8desolations :i* ,god _h made 9 ! e>?40#gb ,?\gh ! w9ds are produc$ by ! op]ation ( natural causes1 & seem to move 9 natural c\rses1 yet !re is a fir/ ,cause1 ^: effici5cy is necess>y to _! exi/5ce1 motions1 & cont9uance4 ,we %all select ! foll[+ rem>kable in/ance z an illu/ration ( ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion4 ,! disciples ( ,*ri/ 7 once 9 imm95t dang] f a /orm at ! sea ( ,tib]ias1 :i* is also call$ ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 & ! ,lake ( ,g5nes>et1 &1 accord+ to ,pl9y1 is sixte5 miles long1 & six broad4 ,x is said1 8,behold1 !re arose a great tempe/ 9 ! sea10 1 a great concussion or %ak+4 ,! same expression is frequ5tly us$1 bo? 9 ! ,scripture & 9 o!r writ+s1 = an e>?quake2 b "h x is appli$ to ! sea4 ,luke calls ?is tempe/ 8a /orm ( w9d20 ,m>k1 8a great /orm ( w9d20 & bo? ( !m use ! ^w 1 :i* ! philosoph] says is a p>ticul> k9d ( w9d1 or r a conflict ( _m w9ds4 ,! mo/ probable d]ivation1 says ,mr4 ,p>khur/1 seems to be f or 1 v mu*1 & 1 to lick or lap up1 z wolves d wat] 9 dr9k+2 = a :irlw9d viol5tly licks up1 z x 71 ! du/ ( all light bodies 9 its way4 ,h5ce is a w9d t is sudd5ly :irl$ & roll$ ab\t d[nw>ds & upw>ds4 ,ari/otle expla9s ! ^w by a viol5t :irlw9d1 mov+ f b5ea? upw>ds4 ,hesy*ius1 a le>n$ ,grecian1 def9es x to be a /orm or tempe/ ( w9d1 ) ra94 ,x seems to h be5 a :irlw9d & hurricane 9 :i* ! disciples !n 74 ,luke says1 t ?is /orm ( w9d came d[n2 x desc5d$ ) great =ce into ! sea1 & lift$ up its waves1 :i* beat into ! %ip1 & press$ x mu*1 s t x 0 9 great dang] ( be+ swall[$ up & sunk by !m4 ,all ! views giv5 u ( ?is tempe/ %[ ! disciples to h be5 9 imm95t dang]4 ,x is said1 8t ! %ip 0 cov]$ ) ! waves10 :i* 8beat into x1 s t x 0 n[ full ( wat]10 z ,m>k expresses x4 ,nay1 ,luke says1 8!y 7 fill$ ) wat]1 & 7 9 jeop>dy10 or 9 great dang]4 ,! %ip 0 imm]s$1 or j s9k+ into ! deep4 ,s t ! disciples 7 br\ght to ! utmo/ extremity4 ,! great di/ress !y 7 9 is express$ 9 ^! words1 8,we p]i%1 1 we are lo/40#gc ,?is way ( speak+ is /ill 9 use among sea-f>+ m51 & inde$ among o!rs4 ,no?+ is m common ?an = m5 to say1 ,su* a vessel1 or su* a %ip's crew1 or su* a p]son1 0 lo/ at sea1 9 su* a place1 & at su* a "t4 ,x is also to be obs]v$1 !y d n say1 ,we are 9 dang] ( be+ lo/1 or we are ready to be lo/1 or we %all be lo/1 b1 we are lo/4 ,:i* %[s :at appreh5sion !y _h ( _! condition2 !y saw no probability ( escap+ by any naturally rational me?od2 !y look$ on !mselves z lo/4 ,all ! ,evangeli/s agree 9 ?is1 ?\gh !y d n use ! same ^w4 ,m>k m5tions ! place :]e he 0 asleep1 9 ! h9d] "p ( ! %ip1 or /]n1 :]e he1 z ,"l & ,ma/]1 %\ld be4 ,b to ! great conc]n ( ! disciples1 he 0 !re 9 a deep or s\nd sleep1 z ! ^w 1 :i* ,luke uses1 signifies1 & is confirm$ by ! l\d cry1 & repeat$ call ( ! disciples to him1 say+1 8,ma/]1 ,ma/]1 we p]i%60 ,?is sleep1 d\btless1 0 br\ght on him ?r\gh 8 great fatigue 9 prea*+ all ! prec$+ day1 & f ! great conc\rse ( p resort+ to him1 to h ! sick heal$1 & devils ca/ out4 ,he seems to h signifi$ t he 0 v we>y1 j be=e he ent]$ into ! %ip1 to a man :o said to him1 8,ma/]1 ,i w foll[ !e :i!rsoev] ?\ goe/30 ! answ] he return$ 01 8,! foxes h holes1 & ! birds ( ! air h ne/s2 b ! ,son ( ,man ha? n :]e to lay 8 head40 ,intimat+ z ?\gh he want$ an opportunity to lie d[n1 & take "s re/3 & accord+ly1 :5 he 0 come into ! %ip1 plac+ himself at ! /]n1 he lay d[n1 & fell fa/ asleep4 ,*ri/ 0 _! la/ res\rce1 b he 0 asleep 9 ! same %ip4 ,h[ev]1 !y resolv$ to apply to him1 & 9 s do+ 7 c]ta9ly "r4 ,!y us$ ?is language1 8,"l1 save u20 :i* implies t !y believ$ he 0 able to save !m2 & inde$ ! consid]able miracles :i* _h be5 s lately wr\ght 9 _! pres5ce1 7 suffici5t to conv9ce !m ( 8 ability to deliv] !m 9 _! greate/ extremity4 ,our ,"l inde$ blam$ !m = _! incr$ulity & want ( fai?4 ,! "q he put to !m1 z relat$ by ,luke1 is 8,:]e is y\r fai?80 ,y pr(ess$ to h fai? 9 me1 & d\btless _h a little :ile ago2 :]e is x n[8 ,m>k expresses himself1 8,:y are ye s fe>ful8 h[ is x t ye h no fai?80 t is1 none 9 ex]cise1 none suffici5t to suppress y\r al>m+ fe>s8 ,mat!w says1 8,:y are ye fe>ful1 ,oh ye ( little fai?80 ,x w\ld seem !y _h no fai? 9 ,*ri/ :5 sleep+1 ?\gh n de/itute ( x :5 awake2 b = ?is he ju/ly reprim&$ !m4 ,= ?\gh1 z ! ,son ( ,man1 he 0 asleep1 yet z ! ,son ( ,god1 by nature1 he nei!r sleeps nor slumb]s4 ,he 0 equally able to save !m :5 sleep+ z well z :5 wak+4 ,x is n only c]ta9 t he 0 able to save !m1 b x is matt] ( fact t he 9 reality did s4 ,be+ awak$ by 8 disciples1 he rises up1 &1 ) a maje/ic voice1 & 9 an au?oritative mann]1 %[+1 z x 71 "s k9d ( res5tm5t at ! w9d & sea1 z if !y _h exce$$ _! commission1 & ! "o _h bl[n & ! o!r rag$ too mu*1 & too long1 rebukes !m1 say+1 8,peace1 be /ill30 1 1 be sil5t1 hold ?y peace1 /op ?y m\?1 put a bridle on x1 7z ! la/ ,greek ^w signifies27 g on no long] to ?reat5 ) %ipwreck1 & loss ( lives4 ,on ?is ! w9d ceas$1 & ! sea became calm & smoo?4 ,! %ip n[ mov$ quietly on1 & !y all arriv$ safe at ! l& ( ! ,gad>5es1 :i* is opposite to ,galilee4 ,?is _h a v consid]able effect bo? on ! m>9]s & disciples1 :o rightly conclud$ f h5ce t _! deliv]] 0 m ?an a man4 ,!re 0 su* a display ( maje/y1 su* a lu/re ( ,div9e p[] appe>$ 9 ?is behe/1 z fill$ !m ) a/oni%m5t & fe>4 ,!y m>vell$ greatly1 & fe>$ exce$+ly4 ,mat!w seems to relate ?is1 z ?\gh ! m>9]s 7 ! only p]sons :o 7 affect$ ) _! deliv]ance3 ! m5 said "o to ano!r1 8,:at mann] ( man is ?is1 t ev5 ! w9ds & ! sea obey him80 ,b ,m>k & ,luke repres5t x z a "q ( ! disciples to "o ano!r1 8,:at mann] ( man is ?is80 ( :at qualities1 p[]s1 & p]fections8 ,he mu/ be m ?an a m]e man1 he c be no o!r ?an ! mighty ,god1 8:om ! w9ds & ! sea obey40 ,x is to be obs]v$1 t ! ^w man1 ins]t$ 9 our translation1 is n 9 ! "q1 z express$ by any ( ! ,evangeli/s1 9 ! orig9al1 b 8,:o is ?is80 ,! disciples 7 suffici5tly conv9c$ by ?is miracle1 :i* s ne>ly conc]n$ !mselves1 t _! ,ma/] mu/ be ,god ov] all1 bless$ =ev]4 ,?is amaz+ in/ance ( ! p[] ( ,*ri/1 %[s cle>ly 8 ,deity4 ,s9ce he has su* au?ority ov] ! w9d & seas1 x mu/ unavoidably foll[ t he is truly & prop]ly ,god4 ,x is said1 8he rebuk$ ! w9d & ! sea10 a phrase t is us$ only ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 :o /&s di/+ui%$ f all o!r be+s by ?is1 t 8he /ille? ! noise ( ! seas1 ! noise ( _! waves1 & ! tumult ( ! p40 ,! ,messiah makes use ( ?is z an argum5t to prove1 t he is able to r$eem1 because he c rebuke ! sea1 dry x up1 & cov] ! heav5s ) cl\ds4 8,is my h& %ort5$ at all1 t x _c r$eem8 or h ,i no p[] to deliv]8 behold1 at my rebuke ,i dry up ! sea3 ,i make ! riv]s a wild]ness4 ,i clo! ! heav5s ) blackness1 & ,i make sackclo? _! cov]+40 ,t x is ! ,messiah :o "h speaks1 ! foll[+ words abundantly decl>e3 8,! ,"l ,god ha? giv5 me ! tongue ( ! le>n$1 t ,i %\ld "k h[ to speak a ^w 9 season to him t is we>y3 he wak5e? morn+ by morn+2 he wak5e? m9e e> to he> z ! le>n$4 ,! ,"l ,god ha? op5$ m9e e>1 & ,i 0 n rebelli\s1 nei!r turn$ away back4 ,i gave my back to ! smit]s1 & my *eeks to !m t pluck$ (f ! hair3 ,i hid n my face f %ame & spitt+40 ,n[ on our ,"l rebuk+ ! w9d & ! sea1 ! "o ceas$1 & ! o!r became calm2 ?is 0 done by speak+ a ^w only1 9 an au?oritative mann]4 ,moses divid$ ! wat]s ( ! ,r$ ,sea ) a rod2 ,jo%ua1 ! wat]s ( ,jordan ) ! ark ( ! cov5ant2 ,eli%a1 ) ! ,prophet's mantle3 b "h ,*ri/ calm$ ! rag+ bill[s ) a ^w4 ,:5 he rebuk$ ! w9d & ! sea1 n only ! =m] in/antly ceas$ to rage1 b ! sea imm$iately became calm1 :i* 0 v unusual & extraord9>y2 = aft] ! w9d has ceas$1 & ! /orm is ov]1 ! wat]s ( ! sea commonly cont9ue rag+1 & 9 a viol5t motion = a consid]able "t4 ,mu/ n t man be an infidel1 :o c read ?is acc\nt1 & d5y ! ,deity ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,or1 mu/ he n be =c$ to "o or o!r ( ^! two conclusions1 ei!r to d5y ! tru? ( ! fact1 or to believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ is truly & prop]ly ,god8 ,add5da on ,atmosph]e4 #a4 ,by m rec5t & accurate exp]im5ts x is e/abli%$1 t ! relative proportions ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 9 air1 are n precisely z giv5 by ,mr4 ,wood2 b are #ba ( oxyg51 & #gi ( hydrog5 9 #ajj p>ts4 #b4 ,exp]im5ts on ! compressibility ( ! atmosph]e h be5 c>ri$ to a mu* great] ext5t ?an /at$ 9 ! text1 & s9ce our au?or wrote4 ,x 0 g5]ally believ$ t air might be made to assume a liquid =m by pressure2 & x has be5 rec5tly accompli%$ by ,mr4 ,p]k9s1 z he /ates1 by a pressure ( #b1jjj atmosph]es4 #c4 ,our au?or v ju/ly /ates1 t ! gase\s /ate ( ! atmosph]e is ow+ to ! quantity ( caloric 9 comb9ation1 ! entire ab/raction ( :i* w\ld r5d] our atmosph]e a body z solid z ! diamond4 ,?is caloric is n imp>t$ to x by ! beams ( ! sun pass+ ?r\gh x2 because1 radiant matt] does n w>m gase\s bodies by pass+ ?r\gh !m4 ,?is caloric is *iefly suppli$ f ! e>?1 by ! l[e/ /ratum ( air com+ 9 contact ) x1 & :5 heat$ asc5ds1 & ?us gives place to a cold] /ratum4 ,h5ce ! air is mu* w>m] at ! surface ( ! e>?1 ?an 9 its high] regions4 #d4 ,our au?or incl9es to ! op9ion t ! atmosph]e is ! product ( a *emical comb9ation ( ! gases1 yet great names1 & weighty argum5ts are 9 favor ( ! opposite !ory ( a m]e mixture ( gases4 #e4 ,!re is "o po9t n pres5t$ 9 ! prec$+ section4 ,x is well kn[n t oxyg5 is ab/ract$ f ! air by combu/ion1 & ! brea?+ ( animals4 ,?is ab/raction is v l>ge4 ,f :5ce !n comes ! supply ( oxyg5 suffici5t to keep up ! con/itutional quantity ( ?is gas 9 ! atmosph]e8 ,! only answ] ,i h met ) to ?is difficult "q is ?is3 ,! gr[+ ( vegetables is suppos$ to supply x1 z x is well kn[n t !y absorb c>bonic acid dur+ ! day1 & evolve oxyg54 ,b x is also well kn[n t ?is process is rev]s$ dur+ ! night4 ,h5ce x w\ld appe> t ?is is n a suffici5t cause4 ,/ill x w\ld seem !re mu/ be a suffici5t supply f "s s\rce1 z *emi/s h n be5 able to detect any *ange 9 ! con/itution ( ! air4 ,may n ! oxyg5 be re/or$ back aga9 by evolution f ^? bodies :i* h absorb$ x1 ^u _! decomposition8 ,?us !re w\ld be a successive absorption & evolution z ! process ( nature w5t on2 :i* w\ld t5d to keep up an equal di/ribution ( oxyg54 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnotes - ,*apt] ,,iii #ec ,dr4 ,cl>ke on ,g54 i1 #f4 #ed ,b5son on ,g54 i1 #f4 #ee ,dalton's ,new ,sy/em ( ,*emical ,philosophy1 "p #a1 p4 #a4 #ef ,lavoisi]'s ,elem5ts ( ,*emi/ry1 p4 #gh4 #eg ,man*e/] ,memoirs1 ,new ,s]ies1 vol4 i1 p4 #bed4 #eh ,:5 solid sub/ances are r5d]$ p]man5tly ari=m by heat1 ! air ?us produc$ is call$ a gas4 ,john ,bapti/ van ,helmont1 a physician & *emi/1 born at ,brussels1 9 #aegg1 & educat$ at ,l\va91 0 ! fir/ *emi/ :o made use ( ?is t]m to d5ote an ela/ic fluid4 ,he gave fix$ air ! "n ( gas4 ,! oxyg5 gas 9 atmosph]ic air is ! pr9ciple ( combu/ion1 z ! vehicle ( heat2 & is absolutely necess>y = ! support ( animal life4 ,pure oxyg5 gas has ! prop]ty ( accel]at+ ! circulation ( all ! animal fluids1 & occasions ! mo/ rapid combu/ion ( all combu/ible sub/ances2 s t x is ! mo/ en]getic & p[]ful ag5t t *emi/s are acqua9t$ )4 ,oxyg5 gas is a little heavi] ?an atmosph]ic air1 & #gdj times light] ?an wat]4 ,nitrog5 gas is *iefly di/+ui%$ by c]ta9 negative qualities1 su* z be+ incapable ( support+ combu/ion & animal life4 ,x is un9flammable1 & some:at light] ?an atmosph]ic air4 ,nitrog5 gas has ! effect ( neutraliz+1 9 "s measure1 ! prop]ties ( oxyg5 gas1 & r5d]+ x fit = respiration & combu/ion4 ,by ! union ( nitrog5 gas ) ! oxyg5 gas ?is *ange is effect$3 ! latt]1 :i* w\ld burn e ?+ )9 its rea* ) an unp>allel$ activity1 is1 z x 71 dissolv$ & dilut$2 & ! nature ( ! =m] is s mu* envelop$ by ! latt]1 t ! comp\nd possesses prop]ties diff]5t f ei!r ( ^! gasses1 s z to be fitt$ = e purpose = :i* x 0 design$4 ,?\gh nitrog5 gas is1 by itself1 s noxi\s to animals1 x answ]s an important end :5 mix$ ) oxyg5 gas 9 atmosph]ic air4 ,7 x n = ?is l>ge quantity ( nitrog5 9 ! atmosph]e1 ! blood w\ld fl[ ) too great rapidity ?r\gh ! vessels1 & all animals w\ld h too great spirits2 ! consequ5ce ( :i* w\ld be1 t ! life ( man w\ld n be protract$ to ! l5g? t x n[ is4 8,if ! proportions ( oxyg5 & nitrog5 7 rev]s$ 9 ! atmosph]ic air1 says ,dr4 ,lambe1 ! air tak5 9 by respiration w\ld be m /imulant1 ! circulation w\ld become accel]at$1 & all ! secretions w\ld be increas$3 b ! tone ( ! vessels1 ?us /imulat$ to increas$ action1 w\ld be de/roy$ by ov]-excitem5t2 &1 if ! supply f ! /oma* 7 n equal to ! consumption1 ! body mu/ inevitably wa/e & decay40 ,h5ce ! wisdom ( ,god is rem>kably display$ 9 ! con/itution ( ! atmosph]ic air6 ,see ,p>ke's ,*emical ,cate*ism1 *ap4 ii4 #ei 8,mr4 ,cav5di%10 says ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory1 8is ! fir/ :o endeavor$ to e/abli% t ! proportions ( ! two pr9cipal elem5ts ( ! atmosph]ic air 7 con/ant4 ,! obs]vations s9ce made by ,m4 de ,mairy 9 ,spa91 ,m4 ,b]?ollet1 9 ,egypt & 9 ,france2 ,mr4 ,davy1 9 ,engl&2 & by ,dr4 ,b$does on ! air br\ght f ! coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 seem to h confirm$ ?is gr& result4 ,b "o ( ! f9e/ exp]im5ts made on ?is subject is t ( ,gay ,lussac1 9 ,france1 :o1 hav+ be5 elevat$ alone 9 a balloon to ! height ( #f1ijj metres1 ! greate/ ev] atta9$ by any p]son1 br\ght "s atmosph]ic air f ^! regions4 ,?is air1 be+ analys$ at 8 return1 comp>atively ) t on ! surface ( ! e>?1 gave ! same pr9ciples 9 ! same proportions2 a pro( t ! *emical con/itution ( ! atmosph]e at ^! great heights1 is ! same z at ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,?is result has be5 s9ce confirm$ by ! exp]im5ts made by ,messrs4 ,humboldt & ,gay ,lussac on eudiometry4 ,! air ( ! surface ( ! e>?1 analys$ at diff]5t days1 at v>i\s h\rs & temp]atures1 pres5t$ no *ange 9 its composition3 x always conta9$ #j4ba ( oxyg5 9 volume1 #j4ghc ( azote1 #j4jjc ( hydrog51 & #j4jjd ( c>bonic acid4 ,biot & ,arrago h also lately v]ifi$ ?is gr& result4 ,! atmosph]ic air1 analys$ 9 places ! mo/ di/ant f ea* o!r1 9 deep valleys1 on high m\nta9s1 on banks ( lakes1 & 9 ! glaci]s ( ,*am\ny1 always pres5t$ to !m ! same composition40 ,hay's ,natural ,philosophy1 ,note1 vol4 i4 p4 #bah4 #fj ,/urm's ,reflections1 vol4 iv4 p4 #di4 #fa 8,galileo1 to :om 0 res]v$ ! glory ( prep>+1 long be=e1 ! way = ! !ory ( ,newton1 by ! discov]y ( ! law to :i* ! accel]ation ( heavy bodies is subject$1 hav+ let fall f a great height diff]5t balls ( gold1 ( lead1 ( copp]1 or porphyry1 ) a ball ( wax1 obs]v$ t all ^! bodies employ$ ne>ly ! same "t 9 fall+ to ! e>?4 ,! ball ( wax1 ! only "o t 0 s5sibly ret>d$1 0 no m ?an f\r in*es f ! e>? at ! end ( ! fall ( ! o!r bodies4 ,galileo1 consid]+ t ?is diff]5ce 0 v f> f be+ proportional to t ( ! weights1 conclud$ t x dep5d$ solely on ! resi/ance ( ! air4 ,?is conjecture has be5 s9ce v]ifi$ by direct exp]im5ts1 consi/+ 9 lett+ fall f ! top ( a tube1 )9 :i* ! vacuum has be5 made ! mo/ p]fect possible1 bodies ( diff]5t mat]ials1 su* z lead1 iron1 wood1 cork1 fea!rs1 wool1 c1 & x has be5 f\nd t none ( ^! bodies w !n p]mit ( our p]ceiv+ any s5sible diff]5ce 9 ! duration ( _! fall4 ,z to bodies :i* raise !mselves 9 air1 su* z smoke1 x is kn[n t _! asc5sion is occasion$ by ! circum/ance ( _! be+ specifically light] ?an air3 !y are ) respect to ?is fluid1 situat$ z a piece ( cork is ) respect to wat]1 :i* :5 imm]s$ 9 t wat] to a c]ta9 dep?1 & !n left to itself1 rises aga9 to ! surface4 ,! vulg> reg>d all z be+ )\t gravity :i* rises in/ead ( fall+3 :5ce ,newton rem>k$ t ! weight ( ! vulg> 0 ! excess ( ! absolute weight ( a body above ! weight ( ! air4 ,! asc5t ( air-balloons 9 ! mid/ ( ! air is well calculat$ to undeceive ! p>tisans ( ?is !ory ( bodies )\t heav9ess40 ,hay's ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #dh4 #fb ,to ,otto ,gu]icke1 a burgo-ma/] ( ,magdeburgh1 we are indebt$ = ! inv5tion ( ! pneumatic ma*9e1 or air-pump4 #fc ,! atmosph]e presses equally on ! :ole surface ( ! wat] 9 ! well1 until ! rod ( ! pump is mov$2 b1 by =c+ ! rod d[n1 ! bucket compresses ! air 9 ! l[] "p ( ! pump tree1 :i* be+ ela/ic1 =ces its way out ( ! tree ?r\gh ! valve2 s t :5 ! bucket is aga9 rais$1 t "p ( ! pump tree "u ! bucket is void ( air2 & ! weight ( ! atmosph]e1 press+ on ! body ( wat] 9 ! well1 =ces up a column ( wat] to supply its place2 ! next /roke ( ! pump rod causes ano!r column ( wat] to rise2 & z long z ! bucket fits ! pump tree close en\gh to produce a vacuum1 a con/ant /ream ( wat] may be drawn f bel[4 ,p>kes's ,*emical ,cate*ism1 pp4 #dg1 #dah4 #fd ,z ! e>?'s surface conta9s1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,f]guson1 9 r\nd numb]s1 #bjj1jjj1jjj squ>e miles1 mu/ conta9 no less ?an #e1ege1fhj1jjj1jjj1jjj squ>e feet2 :i* be+ multipli$ by #b1afj1 ! numb]s ( p\nds on ea* squ>e foot1 am\nts to #ab1jdc1dfh1hjj1jjj1jjj1jjj p\nds1 = ! weight ( ! :ole atmosph]e4 ,mr4 ,coates comput$ t ! weight ( ! air :i* press$ ^u ! :ole surface ( ! e>?1 is equal to t ( a globe ( lead sixty miles 9 diamet]4 ,! foll[+ simple exp]im5ts )9 ! rea* ( e "o's obs]vation1 %[ cle>ly ! weight or gravitat+ p[] ( ! air4 ,let any "o lay 8 h& on ! top ( a long p]p5dicul> pipe1 su* z a pump fill$ to ! brim ) wat]1 :i* is at fir/ prev5t$ f runn+ out by ! valve bel[3 !n let ! valve be op5$1 s t ! wat] may desc5d1 & he w f9d 8 h& s h>d press$ to ! top ( ! pipe t he _c draw x away4 ,! prop is n[ gone2 he has no pressure "u 8 h&2 a column ( air1 #de miles high =ces x d[n by its weight2 & he mu/ let 9 ! air "u x be=e ! h& c be )drawn4--,if we %ut ! nozzle & valve-hole ( a pair ( bell[s aft] hav+ squeez$ ! air out ( !m1 we %all f9d t a v great =ce1 ev5 "s hundr$ p\nds1 is necess>y = sep>at+ ! bo>ds2 !y be+ kept toge!r by ! pressure ( ! air :i* surr\nds !m4--,if any "o w apply ! op5 end ( a syr+e to 8 h&1 & !n draw up ! pi/on1 he w f9d 8 h& suck$ into ! syr+e ) great =ce1 & x w give pa91 & ! s(t "p ( ! h& w swell into x1 be+ press$ 9 by ! neighbor+ p>ts1 :i* are subject to ! action ( ! ext]nal air4 #fe ,a heavy air is m favorable to heal? ?an a light "o1 because x promotes ! circulation ( ! blood1 & ins5sible p]spiration4 ,:5 ! air is heavy1 x is g5]ally cle>2 :]eas a light air is g5]ally accompani$ ) cl\ds1 ra91 or sn[1 :i* r5d] x damp4 ,too great a dryness ( ! air is v injuri\s to ! human body2 b ?is seldom happ5s = any l5g? ( "t1 except 9 s&y c\ntries4 ,a damp air is v un:olesome1 because x relaxes ! fibres1 ob/ructs ins5sible p]spiration1 & if heat accompany ! dampness1 x disposes ! humors to putrefy4 ,an air too hot dilates all ! fluids ( ! body1 & occasions sweat+s1 :i* br+ on weakness & oppression4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! air is to cold1 ! solid p>ts contract excessively1 & ! fluids are cond5s$2 h5ce result ob/ructions & inflammations4 ,! be/ air is t :i* is nei!r too heavy nor too light1 too moi/ nor too dry1 & :i* is n impregnat$ ) noxi\s vapors4 ,/urm's ,reflections1 vol4 iv1 p4 #ej4 #ff 8,! mo/ +5i\s !ories ( ! p]iodical w9ds we recollect1 are ^? ( ,mr4 ,hadley1 fir/ propos$ 9 ,phil4 ,trans4 vol4 xxxix1 p4 #eh1 & lately revis$ by ,mr4 ,dalton1 9 8 ,meteorological ,essays1--& ( ,dr4 ,halley1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,phil4 ,transac4 vol4 xvi1 p4 #aec1 & rec5tly def5d$ by ,dr4 ,kirwan1 9 8 pap]1 #8,on ! ,v>iations ( ! ,atmosph]e4' ,9 ! latt] m5tion$ pap] ,kirwan has giv5 "s int]e/+ in=mation relative to v>iable w9ds1 z we/]ly1 ea/]ly1 s\!rly1 nor!rly1 & opposite concomitant w9ds2 also relative to ! succession ( w9ds1 & ! ,sirocco4 ,see likewise ! ,philosophical ,magaz9e1 ,no4 #fj4 ,"s curi\s facts respect+ w9ds1 & waves on ! surface ( ! sea1 are relat$ by ,mr4 ,horsburg 9 ! ,philosophical ,j\rnal1 ,no4 #fj40 ,hay's ,nat4 ,phil4 vol4 i1 pp4 #bhe1bhf4 #fg ,odyss4 v4 #bie4 #fh ,a celebrat$ ar*itect1 born at ,=mio1 9 ,italy4 ,he 0 greatly e/eem$ by ,julius ,cs>1 & employ$ by ,augu/us 9 con/ruct+ public build+s & w>like ma*9es4 ,he wrote a valuable ,treatise on ,ar*itecture4 #fi ,?is division1 ) ! sev]al names on ea* po9t1 0 made by ! ,g]mans1 z mo/ commodi\s2 b ^! names are n easily express$ 9 o!r languages4 ,!y are ?us m>k$ 9 ,engli%3 ,nor?4 ,ea/4 ,s\?4 ,we/4 ,n & by ,e ,e & by ,s ,s & by ,w ,w & by ,n ,n ,n ,e ,e ,s ,e ,s ,s ,w ,w ,n ,w ,n ,e & by ,n ,s ,e & by ,e ,s ,w & by ,s ,n ,w & by ,w ,n ,e ,s ,e ,s ,w ,n ,w ,n ,e & by ,e ,s ,e & by ,s ,s ,w & by ,w ,n ,w & by ,n ,e ,n ,e ,s ,s ,e ,w ,s ,w ,n ,n ,w ,e & by ,n ,s & by ,e ,w & by ,s ,n & by ,w #gj 8,! mo/ decisive circum/ance t5d+ to %[ ! great velocity ( brisk w9ds10 says ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory1 8is t ( ! rapid passage ( ! celebrat$ aronaut ,m4 ,g>n]91 f ,london to ,col*e/]4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,june1 #ahjb1 ! w9d be+ /rong1 ?\gh n impetu\s1 ,m4 ,g>n]9 & ano!r g5tleman asc5d$ ) an inflammable air-balloon f ,ranelagh ,g>d5s1 on ! s\?-we/ ( ,london1 betwe5 f\r & five o'clock 9 ! aft]noon2 & 9 exactly ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r !y desc5d$ ne> ! sea1 at ! di/ance ( f\r miles f ,col*e/]4 ,! di/ance ( ! places ( asc5t & desc5t is at lea/ #fj miles2 s t1 all[+ no "t = ! elevation & depression ( ! balloon1 b1 suppos+ ! :ole p]iod occupi$ 9 transf]r+ x 9 a pa? ne>ly p>allel to ! e>?'s surface1 its velocity mu/ h be5 at ! rate ( #hj miles p] h\r4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! w9d mov$ no fa/] ?an ! balloon1 its velocity 0 !n #hj miles p] h\r1 or #aag feet p] second2 a cel]ity b little less ?an ! greate/ assign$ by ,kraaft3 & h5ce x is probable1 t ! velocity ( v impetu\s w9ds is n less ?an #acj or #adj feet p] second40 ,hay's ,nat4 ,phil4 vol4 i1 p4 #bhb4 #ga ,mr4 ,bruce1 :o1 9 8 j\rney ?r\gh ! des]t1 suff]$ f ! simoon1 gives ( x ! foll[+ graphical description4 8,at elev5 o'clock1 :ile we contemplat$ ) great pleasure ! rugg$ top ( ,*iggre1 to :i* we 7 fa/ approa*+1 & :]e we 7 to solace ourselves ) pl5ty ( good wat]1 ,idris1 our guide1 cri$ out1 ) a l\d voice1 #8,fall on y\r faces1 = "h is ! simoon4' ,i saw f ! s\?-ea/ a haze come1 9 color l ! purple "p ( ! ra9b[1 b n s compress$ or ?ick4 ,x did n occupy tw5ty y>ds 9 bread?1 & 0 ab\t twelve feet high f ! gr\nd4 ,x 0 a k9d ( blu% on ! air1 & x mov$ v rapidly3 = ,i sc>ce c\ld turn to fall on ! gr\nd ) my head to ! nor?w>d1 :5 ,i felt ! heat ( its curr5t on my face4 ,we all lay flat on ! gr\nd z if dead1 till ,idris told u x 0 bl[n ov]4 ,! meteor or purple-haze :i* ,i saw1 0 inde$ pass$1 b ! light air t /ill blew 0 ( heat suffici5t to ?reat5 suffocation4 ,= my "p1 ,i f\nd di/9ctly 9 my brea/ t ,i _h imbib$ a "p ( x1 nor 0 ,i free ( an a/hmatic s5sation1 till ,i _h be5 "s mon?s 9 ,italy1 at ! ba?s ( ,poretta1 ne> two ye>s aft]w>ds40 ,?\gh ! sev]ity ( ?is bla/ seems to h pass$ ov] !m almo/ in/antane\sly1 x cont9u$ to bl[ s z to exhau/ !m till tw5ty m9utes be=e five 9 ! aft]noon1 la/+ ?r\gh all its /ages v ne> six h\rs1 & leav+ !m 9 a /ate ( ! utmo/ despond5cy4 ,fatal ,simoon4--,extract ( a lett] f ,smyrna3--,we h receiv$ intellig5ce ( a dreadful calamity hav+ ov]tak5 ! l>ge/ c>avan ( ! season1 on its r\te f ,mecca to ,aleppo4 ,! c>avan consi/$ ( #b1jjj s\ls1 m]*ants & travell]s f ! ,r$ ,sea & ,p]sian ,gulf1 pilgrims return+ f ,mecca1 & a num]\s tra9 ( att5dants2 ! :ole escort$ by #djj milit>y4 ,! m>* 0 9 ?ree columns4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,augu/ la/1 !y ent]$ ! great ,arabian ,des]t1 9 :i* !y j\rney$ sev5 days1 & 7 already approa*+ its edge4 ,a few h\rs m w\ld h plac$ !m beyond dang]2 b on ! morn+ ( ! #bc;d1 j z !y _h /ruck _! t5ts1 & comm5c$ _! m>*1 a w9d arose f ! nor?-ea/1 & blew ) trem5d\s viol5ce4 ,!y increas$ ! rapidity ( _! m>* to escape ! ?reat5+ dang]2 b ! fatal ,kams9 _h set 94 ,on a sudd5 d5se cl\ds 7 obs]v$1 ^: extremity obscur$ ! horizon1 & swept ! face ( ! des]t4 ,!y approa*$ ! columns1 & obscur$ ! l9e ( m>*4 ,bo? m5 & bea/1 /ruck ) a s5se ( common dang]1 utt]$ l\d cries4 ,! next mom5t !y fell b5ea? its pe/if]\s influ5ce lifeless corpses4 ,( #b1hjj s\ls1 compos+ ! c>avan1 n m ?an #bj escap$ ?is calamity2 !y ow$ _! safety to ! swiftness ( _! drom$>ies4 ,lit]>y ,panorama1 = ,janu>y1 #ahad4 #gb ,see ,bapti/ ,magaz9e1 = ,decemb]1 #ahaf4 #gc ,s ! ^w is translat$ ,luke xix1 #aj2 #b ,cor4 iv1 #c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,?ird ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,! ,,sea4 ,wat] & l& sep>at$ -- ,=mation ( ! sea -- ,its re/rictions -- ,ext5t -- ,dep? -- ,composition -- ,saltness -- ,motion -- ,tides -- ,f\r /ates ( wat] -- ,circulation -- ,religi\s improvem5t4 ,on ! ?ird day1 ! e>? 0 dra9$1 & ! wat]s1 :i* be=e cov]$ its surface1 7 ga!r$ into copi\s receptacles1 & call$ seas4 ,god said1 8,let ! wat]s "u ! heav5 be ga!r$ into "o place1 & let ! dry l& appe>2 & x 0 s4 ,& ,god call$ ! dry l& ,e>?2 & ! ga!r+ toge!r ( ! wat]s call$ he ,seas40 ,! almighty ,creator proce$s to sep>ate1 put 9 ord]1 & control ! elem5t ne>e/ to light & air 9 quality & use1 &1 al?\gh n ela/ic1 yet ( great p[]4 ,probably ! air 0 us$ by him z ! great ag5t 9 ga!r+ ! wat]s into "o place4 ,?us1 in/ead ( ! confusion1 :i* exi/$ :5 ! e>? & ! wat] 7 mix$ 9 "o great mass1 !re is n[ ord]2 & by _! sep>ation ea* is r5d]$ useful3 ! e>? af=d+ a habitation & support = man & ! v>i\s ord]s ( l& animals2 & ! wat] =m+ an abode = ! num]\s tribes ( liv+ creatures adapt$ to subsi/ 9 t liquid elem5t4#gd ,previ\s to ?is arrangem5t1 ! wat]1 be+ a pure elem5t1 0 above ! e>?4 ,?us ! ,psalmi/1 8,?\ cov]$/ x ) ! deep z ) a g>m5t3 ! wat]s /ood above ! m\nta9s10 s t !y did n appe>4 8,at ?y rebuke !y fl$2 at ! voice ( ?y ?und] !y ha/$ away40 ,at ! omnipot5t ^w !y />t$ back1 & %runk away1 says ,bi%op ,patrick2 l an affright$ slave at ! ?und] ( 8 ma/]'s ?reat5+s1 if 8 comm&s are n obey$4 ,!y ga!r$ !mselves 9 ^? places :]e !y n[ are1 :i* by ,moses are call$ seas2 & !re ,god %ut !m up1 conf9+ !m t !y might n return to cov] ! e>?4 ,god 8brake up10 = ! reception ( ! wat]s1 8 8decre$ place10 t va/ concave or holl[ 9 ! e>?2 8& set b>s & doors10 banks & %ores1 ! weak s& to control ?is elem5t1 :i*1 h[ev] x ro> & /ruggle1 x _c pass4 ,x is wond]ful t ! sea1 :i* has a natural disposition1 f its be+ a pur] & light] elem5t1 to be above ! e>?1 %\ld n ov]fl[ x2 b ! amaz+ p[] ( ,omnipot5ce reta9s x )9 its prescrib$ limits4 ,= he has pron\nc$1 8,hi!rto %alt ?\ come1 b no fur!r2 & "h %all ?y pr\d waves be /ay$40 ,z if he _h said1 ,?\gh ?y tides fl[ ) mighty /r5g?1 ?\gh ! swell+ bill[s ( ?y pride 7s ! orig9al7 rise high 9 a /orm1 & da% aga9/ ! %ore ) impetu\s =ce & ov]:elm+ rage1 yet "h %all !y /op3 ?\gh !y ro> & foam1 z if irritat$ at ! oppos+ /r&1 yet d>e n to approa* beyond ^? limits to !e assign$2 b1 ob$i5t to ?y ,"l & ,ma/]1 submissively retire4 ,"h we see ! p[] & dom9ion ( ! supreme ,be+ 9 ! k+dom ( nature1 ^: sway ! sea is subject to6 ,our pres]vation f its ?reat5+ de/ruction1 by ! cont9ual re/rictions x is "u1 is a p]petual expression ( ,div9e goodness & m]cy1 & %\ld induce all m5 to live always 9 ! rev]5tial fe> ( ,god4 8,fe> ye n me8 sai? ! ,"l3 w ye n tremble at my pres5ce1 :i* h plac$ ! s& = ! b\nd ( ! sea1 by a p]petual decree1 t x _c pass2 & ?\gh ! wat]s !re( toss !mselves1 yet !y _c pass ov] x40 ,if we look ^u ! map ( ! _w1 we %all f9d t ! ocean occupies a consid]ably great] surface ( ! globe ?an ! l& is f\nd to d4 ,al?\gh ! ocean1 prop]ly speak+1 is b "o ext5sive %eet ( wat]1 cont9u$ ov] e "p ( ! globe )\t int]ruption2 & al?\gh no "p is divid$ f ! re/1 yet geograph]s h di/+ui%$ x by diff]5t names1 z ! ,atlantic or ,we/]n ,ocean2 ! ,nor!rn1 ,s\!rn1 ,pacific1 ,indian1 & ,g]man ,oceans4 ,9 ?is va/ receptacle1 almo/ all ! riv]s ( ! e>? ultimately t]m9ate4 ,& yet ^! va/ & inexhau/able supplies d n seem to increase its /ores2 = x is nei!r app>5tly swell$ by _! tribute1 nor dim9i%$ by _! failure2 x cont9ues con/antly ! same4 ,inde$1 ! quantity ( wat] ( all ! riv]s & lakes 9 ! _w is no?+ comp>$ to t conta9$ 9 ?is prodigi\s res]voir4 ,& "s natural philosoph]s h c>ri$ _! ideas on ?is subject s f> z to ass]t1 9 consequ5ce ( c]ta9 calculations1 t1 if ! b$ ( ! sea 7 empty1 all ! riv]s ( ! _w fl[+ into x ) a cont9uance ( _! pres5t /ores1 w\ld take up at lea/ #hjj ye>s to fill x aga9 to its pres5t height4#ge ,to asc]ta9 ! dep? ( ! sea has be5 f\nd impracticable1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! num]\s exp]im5ts :i* x w\ld be f\nd necess>y to make1 & ! want ( prop] in/rum5ts = t purpose4 ,beyond a c]ta9 dep? ! sea has hi!rto be5 f\nd unfa?omable2 & ?\gh sev]al me?ods h be5 contriv$ to obviate ?is difficulty1 none ( !m has completely answ]$ ! purpose4 ,we "k 9 g5]al t ! dep? ( ! sea increases gradually z we leave ! %ore2 b if ?is cont9u$ beyond a c]ta9 di/ance1 ! dep? 9 ! middle ( ! ocean w\ld be prodigi\s4 ,inde$1 ! num]\s isl&s e :]e scatt]$ 9 ! sea demon/rate ! contr>y1 by %[+ u t ! bottom ( ! wat] is unequal l ! l&1 & t s f> f uni=mly s9k+1 x sometimes rises into l(ty m\nta9s4 ,if ! dep? ( ! sea be 9 proportion to ! elevation ( ! l&1 z has be5 g5]ally suppos$1 its greate/ dep? w n exce$ five or six miles2 = !re is no m\nta9 six miles p]p5dicul> above ! level ( ! sea4 ,! sea has nev] be5 actually s\nd$ to a great] dep? ?an a mile & #ff feet2 e ?+ beyond t1 !re=e1 re/s entirely ^u conjecture & analogical reason+1 :i*1 9 ?is case1 are 9 no wise conclusive4 ,along ! coa/s1 :]e ! dep? ( ! sea is g5]ally well kn[n1 x has always be5 f\nd proportion$ to ! height ( ! %ore2 :5 ! coa/ is high & m\nta9\s1 ! sea t wa%es x is deep2 :51 on ! contr>y1 ! coa/ is l[1 ! wat] is %all[4 ,:e!r ?is analogy holds at a di/ance f ! %ore1 exp]im5ts alone c det]m9e4 ,wat] is an un9flammable fluid1 says ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory1 &1 :5 pure1 is transp>5t1 colorless1 & void ( ta/e & smell4 ,mr4 ,cav5di% made a discov]y t x is =m$ by ! union ( hydrog5 & oxyg54 ,x may1 !re=e1 be consid]$ z oxide ( hydrog53 oxyg5 & hydrog5 appe>+ to unite1 only 9 t c]ta9 proportion ( :i* wat] is ! result4 ,9 #agih1 7obs]ves ,mr4 ,p>kes7 ,mr4 ,sequ9 made a gr& exp]im5t = ! composition ( wat]4 ,he exp5d$ no less ?an #be1ehb cubic in*es 7or ne>ly two hog%eads7 ( inflammable air1 & #ab1deg ( vital air4 ,! fir/ weigh$ #a1jci gra9s1 & ! second #f1baj1 am\nt+ to #g1bdi gra9s1 & ! wat] obta9$ am\nt$ to #g1bde gra9s1 or ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( a w9e p9t4 ,! loss 0 only f\r gra9s4 ,ano!r exp]im5t 0 aft]w>ds made by ,le ,fevre1 9 :i* ne>ly two p\nds & a qu>t] ( wat] 0 produc$4 ,! sea wat] conta9s a quantity ( salt1 b n 9 ! same proportions e :]e4 ,9 ! torrid zone1 :]e o!rwise1 f ! excessive heat1 x w\ld be 9 dang] ( putrefaction1 ! wat] is f\nd mo/ salt2 z we advance nor?w>d its br9y quality dim9i%es1 till at ! poles x is ne>ly gone altoge!r4 ,"u ! l9e1 ,lucas f\nd t ! sea compris$ a sev5? "p ( solid cont5ts1 consi/+ *iefly ( sea-salt4 ,at ,h>wi*1 he f\nd x yield$ #a-be ( ! same matt]4 ,at ,c>lscroon1 9 ,sw$51 x conta9s #a-cj "p1 & on ! coa/ ( ,gre5l& a great deal less4 ,?is gradual dim9ution ( saltness f ! equator to ! pole1 is n1 h[ev]1 )\t p>ticul> exceptions4 ,! ,m$it]ranean sea conta9 #a-bb ( ! sea-salt1 :i* is less ?an ! ,g]man sea conta9s4 ,! saltness ( "s seas1 or ( p>ticul> p>ts ( ! same seas1 may be increas$1 z ,mr4 ,boyle intimates1 f rocks & o!r masses ( salt1 ei!r at ! bottom ( ! sea1 or disp]s$ ne> _! %ores4 ,?is ph5om5on ( ! sea p]plex$ ! philosoph]s be=e ! "t ( ,ari/otle1 & surpass$ ev5 ! great g5ius ( t philosoph]4 ,fa!r ,kir*]1 aft] hav+ consult$ ?ree & ?irty au?ors ^u ! subject1 c\ld n help rem>k+1 t ! fluctuations ( ! ocean itself 7 sc>cely m v>i\s ?an ! op9ions conc]n+ ! orig9 ( its sal9e impregnation4 ,b]nad9e ,gomes9s1 7obs]ves ,bi%op ,watson7 ab\t #bjj ye>s ago1 publi%$ an +5i\s treatise on salt3 9 ?is treatise1 aft] recit+ & refut+ ! op9ions ( ,emp$ocles1 ,anaxagoras1 & ,ari/otle1 on ! subject 9 "q1 he proposes 8 own2 :]e9 he ma9ta9s1 t ! sea 0 orig9ally creat$ 9 ! same /ate 9 :i* we at pres5t f9d x1 & impregnat$1 f ! v fir/1 ) ! salt :i* x conta9s4 ,inde$1 we _c acc\nt = ! g5]al saltness ( ! sea f second causes2 h5ce we mu/ suppose x has _h ?is prop]ty f ! creation4 ,naturali/s assure u1 t1 ?\gh "s few species ( fi%es ?rive 9 fre% wat]1 & "s o!rs live alt]nately 9 fre% & salt1 yet by f> ! greate/ numb] _c exi/ out ( ! sea2 :i* is a pro( t ! sea 0 at ! creation impregnat$ ) salt4 ,! saltness ( ! sea has be5 consid]$ by "s z a peculi> bless+ f ,provid5ce1 9 ord] to keep s great an elem5t pure & :olesome3 b facts prove t ?is prop]ty is n capable ( pres]v+ x f putrefaction4 ,sir ,rob]t ,hawk9s1 "o ( our mo/ enlight5$ navigators1 gives an acc\nt ( a calm1 9 :i* ! sea cont9u+ = "s "t )\t its usual motion1 began to assume a v =midable appe>ance4 8,7 x n 7says he7 = ! mov+ ( ! sea1 by ! =ce ( w9ds1 tides1 & curr5ts1 x w\ld corrupt all ! _w4 ,! exp]im5t ( ?is ,i saw 9 ! ye> #aeij1 ly+ ) a fleet ab\t ! isl&s ( ,azores1 almo/ six mon?s2 ! greate/ "p ( ! :i* "t we 7 becalm$4 ,^u :i* all ! sea became s repl5i%$ ) v>i\s sorts ( gelies1 & =ms ( s]p5ts1 add]s1 & snakes1 z seem$ wond]ful2 "s gre51 "s black1 "s yell[1 "s :ite1 "s ( div]s colors1 & _m ( !m _h life2 & "s !re 7 a y>d & a half & two y>ds long2 :i* _h ,i n se51 ,i c\ld h>dly h believ$4 ,& h]e( are witnesses all ! companies ( ! %ips :i* 7 !n pres5t2 s t h>dly a man c\ld draw a bucket ( wat] cle> ( "s corruption4 ,9 :i* voyage1 t[>ds ! end !re(1 _m ( e %ip fell sick1 & began to die apace4 ,b ! spe$y passage into our c\ntry 0 a rem$y to ! craz$1 & a pres]vative = ^? t 7 n t\*$40#gf ,mr4 ,boyle in=ms u1 t he once kept a quantity ( sea wat]1 tak5 f ! ,engli% *annel1 = "s "t b>rell$ up2 &1 9 a few weeks1 x began to acquire a fetid smell4 ,he 0 also assur$ by "o ( 8 acqua9tance1 :o _h be5 becalm$ = ab\t f\rte5 days 9 ! ,indian ocean1 t ! wat]1 = want ( motion1 began to /9k2 &1 t _h ! calm cont9u$ mu* long]1 ! /5* w\ld probably h poison$ him4 ,x is ! motion1 !re=e1 & n ! saltness ( ! sea1 t pres]ves x 9 its pres5t /ate ( salubrity4#gg ,! sea has ?ree k9ds ( motion3 ! fir/ is t undulation :i* is occasion$ by ! w9d4 ,?is motion is evid5tly conf9$ to ! surface2 ! bottom1 ev5 dur+ ! mo/ viol5t /orms1 rema9s p]fectly calm4 ,mr4 ,boyle has rem>k$1 f ! te/imony ( sev]al div]s1 t ! sea is affect$ by ! w9ds to ! dep? only ( six feet4 ,x w\ld foll[ f ?is1 t ! height ( ! waves above ! surface does n exce$ six feet2 & t ?is holds1 9 ! ,m$it]ranean sea at lea/1 we are in=m$ by ! ,compte de ,m>sigli2 ?\gh he also sometimes obs]v$ !m1 dur+ a v viol5t tempe/1 rise two feet high]4 ,! second k9d ( motion is t cont9ual t5d5cy :i* ! :ole wat] 9 ! sea has t[>ds ! we/4 ,x is great] ne> ! equator ?an ab\t ! poles2 &1 inde$1 _c be said to take place at all 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e beyond ! tropic4 ,x beg9s on ! we/ side ( ,am]ica1 :]e x is mod]ate2 h5ce t "p ( ! ocean has be5 call$ ,pacific4 ,z ! wat]s advance we/w>d1 _! motion is accel]at$2 s t1 aft] hav+ trav]s$ ! globe1 !y /rike ) great viol5ce on ! ea/]n %ore ( ,am]ica4 ,be+ /opp$ by t cont95t1 !y turn nor?w>d1 & run ) consid]able impetuosity 9 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico2 f !nce !y proce$ along ! coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 till !y come to ! s\? side ( ! great bank ( ,newf\ndl&1 :5 !y turn (f1 & run d[n to ! ,we/]n ,isles4 ,?is curr5t is call$ ! ,gulf /ream4 ,x 0 fir/ accurately describ$ by ,dr4 ,frankl91 :o rem>k$ also1 t ! wat] 9 x hav+ be5 orig9ally heat$ 9 ! torrid zone1 cools s gradually 9 its passage nor?w>d1 t ev5 ! latitude might be f\nd 9 any "p ( ! /ream by means ( a !rmomet]4 ,?is motion ( ! sea we/w>d has nev] be5 expla9$3 x seems to h "s connection ) ! trade-w9ds1 & ! diurnal revolution ( ! e>? ^u its axis4 ,! ?ird1 & mo/ rem>kable motion ( ! sea1 is ! tide2 :i* is a regul> swell ( ! ocean e #ab h\rs1 acc\nt$ = f ! pr9cipal ( gravitation4 ,! sagaci\s ,kepl] long ago conjectur$1 t ! e>? & moon1 & e p>ticle ( !m1 mutually gravitate t[>ds ea* o!r1 & are ! cause ( ! tides4 ,if1 says he1 ! e>? ceas$ to attract its wat]s t[>ds itself1 all ! wat] 9 ! ocean w\ld rise & fl[ into ! moon3 ! sph]e ( ! moon's attraction ext5ds to our e>?1 & draws up ! wat]4 ,?is1 at t "t1 0 m]e conjecture2 = ,sir ,isaac ,newton 0 ! fir/ :o cle>ly po9t$ out ! cause ( ?is ph5om5on4 ,on ! %ores ( ! ocean1 & 9 bays1 creeks1 & h>bors1 :i* communicate freely ) x1 ! wat]s rise above _! mean height twice a day1 & z (t5 s9k bel[ x1 =m+ :at is call$ a flood & an ebb1 a high & l[ wat]4 ,x has be5 /at$1 t 9 ! middle ( ! sea ! tide seldom rises high] ?an "o or two feet2 b1 on ! coa/1 x frequ5tly rea*es to ! height ( #de feet1 &1 9 "s places1 ev5 to m4 ,at ,plym\?1 x is sometimes #ba feet betwe5 ! greate/ & lea/ dep? ( ! wat] 9 ! same day1 & sometimes only #ab feet4 ,:5 ! sun & moon act conjo9tly on ! tides1 :i* is at ! *ange & full ( ! moon1 !y are /rong] & run high] ?an at o!r times1 & are call$ spr+ tides2 b :5 ! sun & moon are #ij degrees ap>t1 _! attractive p[]s1 be+ 9 opposition to ea* o!r1 occasion ! tides to be weak] & l[] ?an at o!r times1 & ^! are call$ neap tides4 ,! ^w neap is d]iv$ f ! ,saxon2 x signifies l[1 decresc5t1 & is us$ only ( ! tide4 ,^! diff]5t heights ( tide are obs]v$ to succe$ ea* o!r 9 a regul> s]ies1 dim9i%+ f ! greate/ to ! lea/1 & !n increas+ f ! lea/ to ! greate/1 accord+ to ! age & situation ( ! moon4 8,! moon turns ocean 9 8 b$1 ,f side to side1 9 con/ant ebb & fl[1 ,& purifies f /5* 8 wat]y realms40 ,sir ,isaac ,newton calculat$ ! attractive p[]s ( ! sun & moon on ! tides1 & f\nd ! attraction ( ! latt] to be ab\t ?ree times great] ?an t ( ! =m]4 ,wat] is f\nd to exi/ 9 f\r /ates3 namely1 solid1 or ice2 liquid1 or wat]2 vapor1 or /eam2 & 9 a /ate ( composition 9 o!r bodies4 ,! y\ng] ,lem]y obs]ves1 t ice is only ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! p>ts ( wat] 9 _! natural /ate2 t ! m]e abs5ce ( fire is suffici5t to acc\nt = ?is re-e/abli%m5t2 & t ! fluidity ( wat] is a real fusion1 l metals expos$ to ! fire2 diff]+ only 9 ?is1 t a great] quantity ( fire is necess>y to ! "o ?an ! o!r4 ,und]nea? ! poles1 wat] is always solid2 !re x is simil> to ! h>de/ rocks1 & may be =m$ by ! *isel ( ! /atu>y l a /one4 ,! foll[+ circum/ance1 notic$ by ,bi%op ,watson1 w %[ ! solidity t wat] is capable ( acquir+ :5 dive/$ ( a l>ge portion ( caloric4 ,x is relat$ t at ! :imsical m>riage ( ,pr9ce ,gallitz51 9 #agci1 ! ,russians appli$ ice to ! same purposes z /one4 ,a h\se1 consi/+ ( two ap>tm5ts1 0 built ) l>ge blocks ( ice2 & ! icy cannon1 :i* 7 fir$ 9 honor ( ! day1 p]=m$ _! (fice m ?an once )\t bur/+4 ,dur+ ! sev]e w9t] ( #agdj1 obs]ves ,m4 de ,bom>e1 a palace ( ice1 #eb feet long1 #af wide1 & #bj high1 0 built at ,pet]sburgh1 accord+ to ! mo/ elegant rules ( art4 ,! riv] ,neva af=d$ ! ice1 :i* 0 f two to ?ree feet ?ick1 blocks ( :i* 7 cut & embelli%$ ) v>i\s ornam5ts4 ,:5 built up1 ! diff]5t p>ts 7 color$ by spr9kl+ !m ov] ) wat] ( v>i\s t9ts4 ,six cannons1 made ( & m\nt$ ) ice1 ) :eels ( ! same matt]1 7 plac$ be=e ! palace2 & a hemp5 bullet 0 driv5 by "o ( ^! cannons1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! :ole c\rt1 ?r\gh a bo>d two in*es ?ick1 at ! di/ance ( sixty paces4 ,c[p] rem>ks1-- 8,no =e/ fell1 ,imp]ial mi/ress ( ! fur-clad ,russ1 ,:5 ?\ w\ld/ build--no qu>ry s5t its /ores ,t' enri* ?y walls2 b ?\ did/ hew ! floods1 ,& make ?y m>ble ( ! glassy wave4 ,sil5tly z a dream ! fabric rose1 ,ice ^u ice2 ! well-adju/$ p>ts ,7 soon conjo9'd2 nor o!r cem5t ask'd ,?an wat] int]fus$ to make !m "o4 ,lamps gracefully dispos$1 & ( all hues1 ,illum9'd ev'ry side4 ,long wavy wrea?s ,( fl[]s1 t fe>$ no enemy b w>m?1 ,blu%'d on ! pannels1 :i* 7 once a /ream1 ,& soon to slide into a /ream aga940 ,9 ! mo/ nor!rn "p ( ! ,russian t]ritory1 ! cold is sometimes suffici5t to freeze m]cury1 or #gb degrees bel[ ! freez+ po9t ( wat]4#gh ,x is s int5se 9 "s seasons1 t ! poor inhabitants _c v5ture out ( _! mis]able huts b at ! haz>d ( _! lives4 8,!re1 ?r\gh ! prison ( unb\nd$ wilds1 ,b>r'd by ! h& ( nature f escape1 ,wide roams ! ,russian exile4 ,n\ght ar\nd ,/rikes 8 sad eye b des]ts lo/ 9 sn[1 ,& heavy load$ groves1 & solid floods1 ,t /ret* a?w>t ! solit>y va/ ,_! icy horrors to ! froz5 ma940 ,9 ,icel& & ,g]many ! !rmomet] frequ5tly falls to z]o1 :i* is #cb degrees bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,at ,hudson's ,bay x has be5 kn[n to s9k ev5 #ej degrees l[]4 ,:5 /ones or metals1 :i* h be5 expos$ to su* degrees ( cold1 are t\*$ by ! tongue1 or ! s(t] p>ts ( ! human body1 !y absorb ! heat f ^? p>ts ) su* rapidity1 t ! fle% becomes in/antly froz5 & mortifi$1 & ! pr9ciple ( life 9 !m is ext+ui%$4 ,"s ,fr5* academicians1 :o made a j\rney to ! nor!rn end ( ! ,baltic1 & w9t]$ "u ! pol> circle1 f\nd x necess>y to use all possible precautions to secure !mselves f ! dreadful cold :i* prevail$4 ,!y prev5t$1 z mu* z possible1 ! entrance ( ! ext]nal air into _! ap>tm5ts2 & if at any "t !y _h occasion to op5 a w9d[ or a door1 ! humidity ( _! brea?1 conf9$ 9 ! air ( ! h\se1 0 cond5s$ & froz5 into a %[] ( sn[2 _! lungs1 :5 !y v5tur$ to brea! ! cold air1 felt z if !y 7 torn asund]2 & !y (t5 he>d ! r5d+ ( ! timb] ar\nd !m by ! expansive p[] ( ! fro/ on ! fluid 9 its pores4 ,9 ?is t]rible cold ! !rmomet] fell to #cc bel[ z]o4#gi ,! mo/ int5se cold ev] kn[n 9 ! neighborhood ( ,london 0 on ,decemb] #be?1 #agif1 :5 ! !rmomet] indicat$ #b bel[ z]o4 ,! ice at ea* pole ( ! e>? =ms an imm5se cupola1 ! ar* ( :i* ext5ds "s ?\s& miles ov] ! cont95ts2 ! ?ickness ( :i*1 beyond ! #fj? degree ( latitude1 is sev]al hundr$ feet4 ,navigators h assign$ to deta*$ masses1 :i* are met ) float+ at sea1 an elevation ( f #a1ejj to #a1hjj feet4#hj ,!re c be no d\bt b t ! ?ickness ( ^! cupolas ( ice is mu* great] ne>] ! poles2 = a/ronomy sometimes pres5ts 9 ! heav5s s va/ an image ( !m1 t ! rotundity ( ! e>? seems to be consid]ably affect$ !reby4 ,capta9 ,cook c\ld nev] approa* ne>] ! s\? pole1 :]e !re is no l&1 ?an ! #gj? degree ( latitude2 t is1 no ne>] ?an #a1ejj miles2 & x 0 only "u ! favor ( a bay1 t he 0 p]mitt$ to advance ev5 s f>4#ha ,all ! results ( obs]vations made by navigators1 concur 9 prov+ t ! temp]ature ( ! sea decreases accord+ to ! dep?2 & t ! deepe/ gulfs are cont9ually cov]$ ) ice1 ev5 "u ! equator4 ,f a late memoir by ,m4 ,p]ron1 "s say1 !re is reason to believe t ^! m\nta9s ( ice at ! poles1 :i* h hi!rto imp$$ ! progress ( ,european navigators1 h be5 deta*$ f ! dep?s ( ! sea to float at ! surface4#hb ,:5 wat] is conv]t$ into ice1 x is light]#hc ?an :5 9 a fluid /ate1 :i* is a circum/ance ( great importance4 ,galileo 0 ! fir/ :o obs]v$ ?is4 ,ice consequ5tly floats ^u wat]1 its specific gravity be+ to t ( wat] z eight to n9e4 ,?is r>efaction seems to be ow+ to ! air-bubbles produc$ 9 wat] by freez+2 & :i*1 be+ consid]ably l>g] 9 proportion to ! wat] froz51 r5d] ! body s mu* specifically light]3 ^! air-bubbles1 dur+ _! production1 acquire a great expansive p[]1 s z to bur/ ! conta9+ vessels ?\gh ev] s /rong4 ,! specific weight ( ice is kn[n to be less ?an t ( wat]4 ,our au?or assigns a reason n entirely satisfactory4 ,we mu/ admit t ! freez+ ( ! upp] /ratum ( wat]1 al?\gh x may include ! air :i* 0 9 ! wat] froz51 yet1 x does n expel ! air f ! subjac5t volumes ( wat]4 ,h5ce ! air 9 ! wat] bel[ w balance ! effects ( ! air includ$ 9 ! ice4 ,x is a s+ul> fact1 & is reg>d$ z a deviation f ! g5]al rule1 t wat] exp&s 9 volume 9 proportion z its temp]ature is r$uc$ bel[ #dj ,fahr5heit4 ,x also exp&s by rais+ its temp]ature above ?is degree4 ,! expansion ( ! volume !n1 & n ! enclos$ air bubbles1 is ! cause ( wat] be+ specifically light] :5 conv]t$ into ice4 ,b x rema9s to acc\nt = its expansion by a r$uction ( temp]ature4 ,?is is a difficult "q4 ,x seems mo/ probable t ?is expansion is ow+ to a peculi> arrangem5t1 ( ! p>ticles ( wat]1 9 ! act ( cry/allization1 i4e4 freez+4 ,m4 ,mairan f\nd t ! p>ticles ( wat]1 9 ! act ( freez+1 arrang$ !mselves con/antly at an angle ( #fj1 & by ?is arrangem5t increas$ ! bulk ( ! wat] ?us cry/alliz$4 ,x is obvi\sly a mi/ake to attribute ! 8expansive p[]0 ( freez+ to ! =ce ( ! inclos$ air-bubbles3 because ! r$uction ( temp]ature w\ld r$uce ?is suppos$ expansion ( ! inclos$ air4 ,! true cause ( ! expansion ( ice is suppos$ above1 9 ! arrangem5ts ( ! p>ticles ( wat] 9 ! process ( cry/allization4 ,! p[] :i* disposes ^! p>ticles to arrange1 increases ) ! r$uction ( temp]ature1 until ! dispos+ p[] becomes suffici5tly great to =ce e imp$im5t to ! incl9ation to arrange4 ,h5ce ! /ronge/ vessels bur/ 9 ! process ( freez+4 ,! imp$im5ts may re/ra9 ! accompli%m5t ( ! arrangem5t ( ! p>ticles = a "t1 b ! dispos+ p[] w ov]come !m1 if ! r$uction ( temp]ature g on2 & :5 !y are ov]come sudd5ly1 ! cry/allization w take place in/antly4 ,h5ce ! sudd5 r5d+ ( vessels1 trees1 m\nta9 rocks1 c1 ^u ! sudd5 congelation ( wat]4 ,ev5 :5 !re is no cause to imp$e cry/allization1 x is well kn[n t ! prep>ation to cry/allize1 or freeze1 may be obs]v$ 9 ! liquid2 ! p>ticles seem+ to be prep>+ to arrange !mselves2 & !n1 at a giv5 /age ( ! prep>ation1 !y take _! places sudd5ly1 & ?us we h ice4 ,?is consummation may be ret>d$1 or ha/5$ by artificial means4 ,wat] may be r$uc$ to a l[] temp]ature by be+ kept /ill1 ?an :5 agitat$4 ,& if x be cool$ d[n to ! l[e/ possible temp]ature1 )\t congeal+1 x may rema9 fluid at t temp]ature = a long "t4 ,b if ! vessel be sudd5ly /ruck2 or ! surface ( ! wat] t\*$ ) a piece ( ice2 or a l>ge piece ( cold metal be br\ght 9 contact ) ! outside ( ! vessel2 ! wat] w in/antly cry/allize or freeze 9 beautiful cry/als4 ,^! facts e/abli% ! above !ory4 ,because1 #a4 !re is no increas$ r$uction ( temp]ature effect$1 by /rik+ ! vessel1 t\*+ ! surface ( ! wat] ) ice1 or ! outside ( ! vessel ) cold metal4 #b4 ,!re is e reason to conclude ^! ?+s comm5ce ! motion 9 ! wat]1 :i* is at re/1 balanc$ betwe5 an incl9ation to be at re/1 & an incl9ation to move 9 arrang+ ! p>ticles2 ! motion communicat$ ov]comes ?is balance 9 favor ( ! disposition to cry/allize1 & h5ce ! wat] freezes in/antly1 ) an expansion ( volume4 ,x is ow+ to ! expansion ( wat] 9 freez+1 t rocks & trees are (t5 split dur+ int5se fro/s4 ,accord+ to ! calculations ( ! ,flor5t9e academicians1 a sph]ule ( wat]1 only "o in* 9 diamet]1 exp&s 9 freez+ ) a =ce sup]ior to ! resi/ance ( #ac tons weight4 ,major ,williams also attempt$ to prev5t ?is expansion2 b dur+ ! op]ation ! iron plug :i* /opp$ ! orifice ( ! bomb-%ell conta9+ ! freez+ wat]1 & :i* 0 m ?an two p\nds weight1 0 project$ sev]al hundr$ feet ) great velocity2 & 9 ano!r exp]im5t ! %ell bur/4 ,?is prop]ty ( wat] is tak5 advantage ( 9 splitt+ slate4 ,at ,colly ,we/]n1 ! slate is dug f ! qu>ries 9 l>ge blocks3 ^! are plac$ 9 an opposite direction to :at !y _h 9 ! qu>ry1 & ! ra9 is all[$ to fall on !m3 x p5etrates _! fissures1 & ! %>p fro/ freezes ! wat]1 :i*1 exp&+ ) its usual =ce1 splits ! slate into ?9 lay]s4#hd ,m4 ,mairan1 9 a diss]tation on ice1 attributes ! increase ( its bulk *iefly to a diff]5t arrangem5t ( ! p>ts ( ! wat] f :i* x is =m$2 ! icy sk9 on ! wat] be+ compos$ ( filam5ts1 :i* accord+ to him1 are f\nd to be con/antly & regul>ly jo9$ at an angle ( #fj2 & :i*1 by ?is angul> disposition1 occupy a great] volume ?an if !y 7 p>allel4 ,he f\nd ! augm5tation ( ! volume ( wat] by freez+1 9 diff]5t trials1 a #ad?1 an #ah?1 a #ai?1 & :5 ! wat] 0 previ\sly purg$ ( air1 only a #bb;d "p3 t ice1 aft] its =mation1 cont9ues to exp& by cold2 =1 aft] wat] _h be5 froz5 to "s ?ickness1 ! fluid "p be+ let out by a hole 9 ! bottom ( ! vessel1 a cont9uance ( ! cold made ! ice convex2 & a piece ( ice1 :i* 0 at fir/ only a #ad? "p specifically light] ?an wat]1 on be+ expos$ "s days to ! fro/1 became a #ab? "p light]4 ,to ?is cause he attributes ! bur/+ ( ice on ponds4 ,sev]al philosoph]s h be5 v desir\s to exp]i5ce h[ f> ! expansive =ce ( freez+ wat] might be c>ri$4 8,an iron gun ( an in* ?ickness10 says ,m4 ,hay1 8fill$ ) wat] & exactly clos$1 hav+ be5 expos$ by ,buot to a /rong fro/1 0 f\nd to be bur/ 9 two places at ! end ( twelve h\rs4 ,! ,flor5t9e philosoph]s 7 able1 by means ( ! same cause1 to bur/ a sph]e ( v ?ick copp]2 & ,muss*5broek1 hav+ calculat$ ! ef=t :i* w\ld occasion ! rupture1 f\nd t x w\ld be capable ( rais+ a weight ( #bg1gbj p\nds40 8,colonel ,e4 ,williams1 ( ! ,royal ,artill]y1 :5 at ,quebec1 9 ! ye>s #agid & #agie10 says ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory1 8made _m exp]im5ts4 ,he fill$ all sizes ( iron bomb-%ells ) wat]1 !n plugg$ ! fusee-hole close up1 & expos$ !m to ! /rong freez+ air ( ! w9t] 9 t climate2 sometimes driv+ 9 ! iron plugs z h>d z possible ) a sl$ge-hamm]3 & yet1 ?\gh !y weigh$ ne> ?ree p\nds1 !y 7 always =c$ out by a sudd5 expansion ( ! wat] 9 ! act ( freez+1 l a ball impell$ by gunp[d]1 sometimes to ! di/ance ( betwe5 #djj & #ejj feet3 & :5 ! plugs 7 screw$ 91 or furni%$ ) hooks & b>bs1 by :i* to lay hold ( ! inside ( ! %ell1 s t !y c\ld n possibly be =c$ out2 9 t case ! %ell 0 always split 9 two1 ?\gh its ?ickness ( metal 0 ab\t an in* & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,x is fur!r rem>kable1 t ?r\gh ! circul> crack1 r\nd ab\t ! %ells :]e !y bur/1 !re /ood out a ?9 film or %eet ( ice1 l a f92 & 9 ! cases :]e ! plugs 7 project$ by freez+ wat]1 !re sudd5ly issu$ f ! fusee-hole a bolt ( ice ( ! same diamet]1 & /ood ov] x sometimes to ! height ( eight in*es & a half4 ,h5ce we ne$ n be surpris$ t excessive fro/ %\ld cause ! ice to split rocks1 & o!r solid sub/ances40#he ,x 0 necess>y = ! pres]vation ( ! _w1 t wat] %\ld 9 ?is in/ance be subject$ to a law diff]5t f t ( o!r sub/ances :i* *ange f fluid to solid4 ,! wisdom & goodness ( ! great ,,artific] ( ! _w w manife/ itself 9 ?is arrangem5t1 if we consid] :at w\ld h be5 ! consequ5ces _h wat] be5 subject to ! g5]al law1 & l o!r fluids1 become specifically heavi] by ! loss ( its caloric4 ,9 w9t]1 :5 ! atmosph]e became r$uc$ to #cb1 ! wat] on ! surface ( our riv]s w\ld h sunk z x froze2 ano!r %eet ( wat] w\ld h froz5 imm$iately1 & sunk also2 ! ultimate consequ5ce ( :i* w\ld h be51 t ! b$s ( our riv]s w\ld h become repositories ( imm5se masses ( ice1 :i* no subsequ5t summ] c\ld unb9d2 & ! _w w\ld %ortly h be5 conv]t$ into a froz5 *aos4 ,h[ admirable ! wisdom1 h[ skilful ! contrivance1 t by subject+ wat] to a law contr>y to :at is obs]v$ by o!r fluids1 z x freezes x becomes specifically light]1 &1 swimm+ ^u ! surface1 p]=ms an important s]vice by pres]v+ a va/ body ( caloric 9 ! subjac5t fluid f ! effects ( ! surr\nd+ cold1 ready to receive its own accu/om$ quantity on ! fir/ *ange ( ! atmosph]e8#hf ,ow+ to ! di/ance ( ?is globe f ! sun1 & to ! va/ m\nta9s ( ice at ! poles1 ! atmosph]e ov] a l>ge portion ( ! e>? is at times r$uc$ to s l[ a temp]ature1 t1 if x 7 n = a wise provision ( nature1 all vegetable life mu/ be de/roy$4 ,caloric has always a t5d5cy to equilibrium2 !re=e1 if ! temp]ature ( ! air be l[]$1 ! e>? cools 9 proportion3 b :5 ! atmosph]e is r$uc$ to #cb1 ! wat] :i* x held 9 solution becomes froz51 & precipitates 9 ! =m ( sn[ on ! e>?1 cov]+ x z ) a c>pet1 & !reby prev5t+ ! escape ( t caloric :i* is necess>y = ! pres]vation ( ^? families ( vegetables t dep5d on x = _! support & maturity4 ,be ! air ev] s cold1 ! gr\nd1 ?us cov]$1 is seldom r$uc$ bel[ #cb1 b is ma9ta9$ equably at t temp]ature = ! purpose above m5tion$4#hg ,hom] has describ$ a %[] ( sn[1 & its ext5sive effects1 9 a f9e /ra9 ( poetry4 8,9 ,w9t]'s bleak uncom=table reign1 ,a sn[y inundation hides ! pla93 ,jove /ills ! w9ds1 & bids ! skies to sleep2 ,!n p\rs ! sil5t tempe/ ?ick & deep3 ,& fir/ ! m\nta9 tops are cov]$ o'er1 ,!n ! gre5 fields1 & !n ! s&y %ore2 ,b5t ) ! weight ! nodd+ woods are se51 ,& "o bright wa/e hides all ! works ( m53 ,! circl+ seas alone1 absorb+ all1 ,dr9k ! dissolv+ fleeces z !y fall0--,,pope4 ,sn[ is furni%$ ) ! p[] ( absorb+ & comb9+ ) a l>ge portion ( oxyg51 :i* gives x its f]tiliz+ prop]ty4 ,! sn[ melt+ & p5etrat+ into ! s(t5$ e>? communicates to x oxyg51 & ?is oxyg5 promotes ! g]m9ation ( se$s4 ,! c>bon ( ! e>? comb9+ ) ! oxyg51 is conv]t$ into c>bonic acid1 & !reby acquires m solubility2 :ile ! wat] contributes to excite t activity :i* _h be5 r5d]$ dormant 9 ! roots by ! cold4 ,x is ?is prop]ty ( c>bon :i* deprives wat] ( ! sup]abundant oxyg5 t w\ld r5d] x prejudicial to heal?1 & unfit = ! purposes ( life4 ,?us :at w\ld o!rwise be injuri\s to u is improv$ by ! gr\nd1 & gives at ! same "t p[] & activity to ! m\ld4 ,h[ multipli$ are ^? means :i* inf9ite wisdom & goodness employ = ! pres]vation ( ! productions ( ,nature6#hh ,ice at #cb mu/ absorb #adj ( caloric be=e x c become a fluid2 or su* a quantity z w\ld raise a body ( wat] ( equal bulk ) itself f #cb to #agb4 ,= in/ance3 8,take any quantity by weight ( ice or sn[ at #cb1 & mix x ) an equal weight ( wat] heat$ exactly to #agb4 ,! sn[ in/antly melts1 & ! temp]ature ( ! mixture is /ill only at ?irty-two degrees4 ,"h ! wat] is cool$ #adj1 :ile ! temp]ature ( ! sn[ is n increas$ at all2 s t #adj ( caloric h disappe>$4 ,!y mu/ h comb9$ ) ! sn[2 b !y h only melt$ x1 )\t increas+ its temp]ature4 ,h5ce x foll[s irresi/ibly t ice1 :5 conv]t$ into wat]1 absorbs & comb9es ) #adj ( caloric4 ,wat] !n1 aft] be+ cool$ d[n to #cb1 _c freeze till x has p>t$ ) #adj ( caloric2 & ice1 aft] be+ heat$ to #cb1 7:i* is ! exact freez+ po9t71 _c melt till x has absorb$ #adj m ( caloric4 ,?is is ! cause ( ! extreme sl[ness ( ^! op]ations4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 !n1 b wat] owes its fluidity to its lat5t caloric1 & t its caloric ( fluidity is #adj40hi ,& all ?is arrangem5t 9 nature1 connect$ ) ! op]ation ( ^! elem5ts1 is imm$iately "u ! control & direction ( ! inf9itely wise & almighty ,creator ( ! univ]se4 8,he s5de? =? 8 comm&m5t ^u e>?3 8 ^w runne? v swiftly4 ,he give? sn[ l wool3 he scatt]e? ! ho>-fro/ l a%es4 ,he ca/e? =? 8 ice l morsels3 :o c /& be=e 8 cold8 ,he s5de? out 8 ^w1 & melte? !m3 he cause? 8 w9d to bl[1 & ! wat]s fl[40 ,drops ( ra91 fall+ ?r\gh a cold region ( ! atmosph]e1 are froz5 & conv]t$ into hail2 & ?us ! hail is produc$ by ra94 ,:5 x beg9s to fall1 x is ra92 :5 x is fall+1 x is conv]t$ into hail2 s t x is lit]ally true1 t x ra9s hail4 ,! fur!r a hail-/one falls1 ! l>g] x g5]ally is2 because1 9 its desc5t1 meet+ ) innum]able p>ticles ( wat]1 !y become atta*$ to x1 are also froz51 & ?us its bulk is cont9ually increas+ till x rea*es ! e>?4#ij ,a /orm ( hail fell ne> ,liv]pool1 9 ,lanca%ire1 9 ! ye> #agie1 :i* greatly damag$ ! vegetation1 broke w9d[s1 c1 c4 ,_m ( ! /ones measur$ five in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,dr4 ,halley m5tions a simil> /orm ( hail 9 ,lanca%ire1 ,*e%ire1 c1 ,april #bi1 #afig1 t = sixty miles 9 l5g?1 & two miles 9 bread?1 did imm5se damage1 by splitt+ trees1 kill+ f[ls & all small animals1 knock+ d[n m5 & horses1 c1 c4 ,mez]ay1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,france1 says1 t 9 ,italy1 9 #aeaj1 !re 0 = "s "t a horrible d>kness1 ?ick] ?an t ( night2 aft] :i* ! cl\ds broke into ?und] & lightn+1 & !re fell a %[] ( hail-/ones :i* de/roy$ all ! bea/s1 birds1 & ev5 fi% ( ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 att5d$ ) a /rong smell ( sulphur1 & ! /ones 7 ( a bluei% color1 "s ( !m weigh+ "o hundr$ p\nds weight4 ,! ,almighty says to ,job--8,ha/ ?\ se5 ! treasures ( ! hail1 :i* ,i h res]v$ aga9/ ! "t ( tr\ble1 aga9/ ! day ( battle & w>40 ,:ile ,god has su* artill]y at 8 comm&1 h[ soon may he desolate a c\ntry1 or a _w6#ia ,! aque\s fluid is 9 cont9ual circulation4 ,! con/ant r\nd :i* x travels1 says ,dr4 ,paley1 & by :i*1 7)\t suff]+ ei!r adult]ation or wa/e17 x is cont9ually (f]+ itself to ! wants ( ! habitable globe1 is mu* to be admir$4 ,f ! sea are exhal$1 by ! heat ( ! sun1 into ! air1 ^? vapors :i* are !re cond5s$ into cl\ds3 ^! cl\ds are dissolv$ into ra9 & dew1 or into sn[ & hail1 :i* are b ra9 congeal$1 by ! coldness ( ! air1 & desc5d 9 %[]s1 :i*1 p5etrat+ into ! crevices ( ! hills1 supply ! spr+s3 :i* spr+s fl[ 9 little /reams into ! valleys2 & !re unit+1 become riv]s1 :i* riv]s1 9 return1 fe$ ! ocean4 ,s !re is an incessant circulation ( ! same fluid2 & n "o drop probably m or less n[ ?an !re 0 at ! creation4 ,a p>ticle ( wat] takes its dep>ture f ! surface ( ! sea1 9 ord] to dis*>ge c]ta9 important (fices to ! e>?3 &1 hav+ execut$ ! s]vice :i* 0 assign$ to x1 returns to ! bosom :i* x left4#ib ,?us1 z "o ( ! greate/ ( naturali/s says1 8,all ! riv]s run into ! sea2 yet ! sea is n full3 unto ! place f :5ce ! riv]s come1 ?i!r !y return aga940 ,wat]1 :5 tak5 up by ! atmosph]e1 is n 9 an aque\s /ate1 b is conv]t$ into vapor by ! effici5cy ( heat1 & !n comb9es ) m ?an five times ! quantity ( caloric ?an is requir$ to br+ ice-cold wat] to a boil+ heat1 & occupies a space #hjj times great] ?an x does :5 9 ! =m ( wat]4 ,a l>ge portion ( ! matt] ( heat comb9+ *emically ) wat]1 r5d]s x specifically light]2 :i* is ! cause ( its ris+ & mix+ ) ! atmosph]e4 ,! wat]s on ! face ( ! e>? w\ld be dissipat$ 9 vapor by a small degree ( heat1 if we _h no atmosph]e4 ,"u ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e wat] boils at #bab1 b 9 vacuo x boils :5 heat$ only to #fg4 ,on ! contr>y1 if additional pressure be giv5 to wat] by a ,pap9's dige/]1 x may be heat$ to #djj1 )\t produc+ ebullition4 ,h[ev] long we boil a fluid1 9 an op5 vessel1 we _c make x 9 ! smalle/ degree hott] ?an ! boil+ po9t4#ic ,:5 arriv$ at ?is po9t1 ! vapor absorbs ! heat1 & c>ries x (f z fa/ z x is g5]at$4 ,:5 wat] is receiv$ into ! atmosph]e1 if ! air be w>m1 x becomes s f> *ang$ by its union ) ! matt] ( heat z to be p]fectly invisible4 ,9 ?is /ate x occupies a space #a1djj times great] ?an its ord9>y liquid /ate4 ,aft] vapor has rema9$ "s "t 9 ! atmosph]e1 x becomes 9 a measure cond5s$2 & ! p>ticles ( wat] ( :i* x is compos$ unite1 & =m holl[ vesicles1 :i* accumulate toge!r & produce cl\ds4 ,h[ ?is is effect$1 ^? :o h att5tively consid]$ ! subject are n agre$4 ,dr4 ,?omson1 aft] well inve/igat+ ! matt]1 concludes1 f all ! facts1 t 8! =mation ( cl\ds & ra9 _c be acc\nt$ = by a s+le pr9ciple ) :i* we are acqua9t$40 ,x is1 h[ev]1 says ,mr4 ,p>kes1 probable t electricity alone is ! prim>y cause4 ,saussure conjectures t x is ! electrical fluid :i* surr\nds ^! vesicles1 & prev5ts !m f dissolv+ 9 ! air4 ,& ! idea ( ! =mation ( cl\ds by ! ag5cy ( electricity 0 m5tion$ by ,volta1 & also by ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,x is all[$ by all1 t cl\ds are =m$ by ! aque\s vapors :i* are held susp5d$1 or 9 solution1 by ! atmosph]e4 ,x is n a settl$ "q1 :e!r ! air holds ^! vapors 9 solution1 or m]ely susp5d$2 & ?us1 keep+ ! p>ticles asund]1 prev5ts _! cond5sation4 ,?is aque\s vapor is invisible :5 p]fectly 9 union ) ! air4 ,:5 x beg9s to sep>ate f ! air1 x becomes visible by cond5sation1 9 ! =m ( cl\ds1 mi/s1 & fogs4 ,:5 x is p]fectly sep>at$ & suffici5tly cond5s$ x becomes ra91 & :5 ! temp]ature is suffici5tly l[ to freeze ! cond5s$ drops1 !y become sn[1 or hail4 ,! above process is q intelligible1 b ! ag5t ( ?is cond5sation is1 p]haps1 inexplicable4 ,x is impossible to solve all ! ph5om5a ( ! =mation ( cl\ds1 by suppos+ ! vapors cond5s$ by a r$uction ( temp]ature1 produc$ by ! w>m] volumes ( cl\ds ris+ into ! regions ( cold] ones4 ,= we "k ! natural t5d5cy ( ! w>m] /rata ( air1 f ! neighborhood ( ! e>?1 is to rise1 ) its wat]y p>ticles1 to cold] regions4 ,h5ce !re w\ld be a con/ant cond5sation1 :i* w\ld seem to require a con/ant deposition ( ra91 or mi/2 or1 at lea/1 a con/ant accumulation ( cl\ds4 ,aga93 ,on ?is !ory1 ! nights w\ld be cl\dy & ra9y3 z ! vapors rais$ dur+ ! day w\ld be cond5s$ by ! sup]ior coldness ( ! night succe$+4 ,moreov]1 x is well kn[n t great ra9s fall 9 v w>m wea!r1 & :5 a rise ( temp]ature is obs]v$4 ,^!1 & o!r consid]ations1 h induc$ _m p]sons to h rec\rse to electricity to solve ?is difficult "q1 & v>i\s obs]vations seem to c\nt5ance ! idea t x may be ! remote ag5t ( ! =mation ( cl\ds1 by produc+ a sudd5 r>efaction ( ! air1 :i* w\ld1 ( c\rse1 produce a sudd5 r$uction ( temp]ature2 ! consequ5ce ( :i* w\ld be a rapid cond5sation ( ! wat]y p>ticles 9 comb9ation ) ! air4 ,?is cond5sation w\ld =m cl\ds1 & if suffici5tly rapid & ext5sive1 a fall ( ra9 w\ld ensue4 ,?is supposition is mu* /r5g!n$ by a fact ( common obs]vation1 viz3 :5 cl\ds are imp5d+ ov] u1 b no ra9 fall+1 a sudd5 %[] comes d[n in/antly ^u a fla% ( lightn+4 ,9 ?is case x is s obvi\s t ! lightn+ _h an imm$iate ag5cy1 t none c d\bt1 :o ev] obs]v$ ! ph5om5on4 ,! electrifi$ /ate ( cl\ds1 fogs1 & mi/s1 is consid]$ /rong pro( 9 favor ( ?is !ory4 ,cl\ds are almo/ always highly *>g$ ) electricity1 & sometimes s highly *>g$ z to become lum9\s1 & v de/ructive4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,augu/1 #aggb1 ab\t midnight1 a bright cl\d 0 obs]v$ cov]+ a m\nta9 9 ! di/rict ( ,*]ibon1 9 ! isl& ( ,java1 at ! same "t sev]al reports 7 he>d l ^? ( a gun4 ,! p :o dwelt ^u ! upp] p>ts ( ! m\nta9 n be+ able to fly fa/ en\gh1 a great "p ( ! cl\d1 almo/ ?ree leagues 9 circumf]5ce1 deta*$ itself "u !m1 & 0 se5 at a di/ance ris+ & fall+ l ! waves ( ! sea1 & emitt+ globes ( fire s lum9\s1 t ! night became z cle> z day4 ,! effects ( x 7 a/oni%+2 e ?+ 0 de/roy$ = sev5 leagues r\nd2 ! h\ses 7 demoli%$2 plantations 7 buri$ 9 ! e>?1 & #b1adj p lo/ _! lives4 ,ency4 ,brit4 ,article1 ,,cl\ds4 ,9 ano!r case1 ,octob] #bi?1 #ageg1 9 ! isl& ( ,malta1 a little aft] midnight1 !re 0 se5 to ! ,s\? we/ ( ! city ,melita1 a great black cl\d1 :i*1 z x approa*$1 *ang$ its color1 till at la/ x became l a flame ( fire mix$ ) smoke4 ,a dreadful noise 0 he>d on its approa*1 :i* al>m$ ! :ole city4 ,x pass$ ov] ! port1 & came fir/ on an ,engli% %ip1 :i* 9 an in/ant 0 torn to pieces1 & no?+ left b ! hulk2 "p ( ! ma/s1 sails1 & cordage 7 c>ri$ to a consid]able di/ance along ) ! cl\d4 ,! small craft 7 sunk in/antly4 ,x demoli%$ a "p ( ! city1 & pass$ ov] to ,sicily1 b did no injury !re z x 0 previ\sly exhau/$4 ,sev]al hundr$ 7 kill$4 ,ency4 ,brit4 ,article1 ,,cl\d4 ,! pr9ciple ( evaporation is ! prim>y cause ( all ra91 mi/1 dew1 c4 ,! ocean loses _m millions ( gallons ( wat] h\rly by evaporation4 ,! ,m$it]ranean alone is said to lose m by x1 ?an x receives f ! ,nile1 ! ,tib]1 ! ,rhone1 ! ,po1 & all ! o!r riv]s t fall into x4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,halley made 8 cele/ial obs]vations ^u ! tops ( ! m\nta9s at ,/4 ,hel5a1 he f\nd t ! quantity ( vapor :i* fell !re 7ev5 :5 ! sky 0 cle>7 0 s great1 t 8 obs]vations 7 !reby mu* imp$$3 8 glasses 7 s cov]$ ) wat] ?r\gh ! cond5sation ( ! vapors1 t he 0 oblig$ to wipe !m e t5 m9utes4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e1 ) "s degree ( accuracy1 h[ mu* wat] w\ld be rais$ 9 vapor 9 any space ( "t1 he took a vessel ( wat] salt$ to ! same degree ) t ( sea-wat]1 9 :i* he plac$ a !rmomet]1 & by means ( a pan ( coals br\ght ! wat] to ! same degree ( heat z w\ld be produc$ by ! sun 9 summ]3 he !n affix$ ! vessel ( wat] ) ! !rmomet] 9 x1 to "o end ( a pair ( scales1 & exactly c\nt]pois$ x ) weights on ! o!r4 ,!n1 at ! end ( two h\rs1 he f\nd by ! alt]ation 9 ! weight ( ! vessel1 t a sixtie? "p ( an in* 9 ! dep? ( ! wat] 0 gone (f 9 vapor2 & !re=e1 9 twelve h\rs1 "o-t5? ( an in* w\ld h gone (f4 ,f ?is exp]im5t ! ,doctor calculates 79 z accurate a mann] z ! subject w admit (7 ! quantity ( wat] rais$ by evaporation f ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 to be at lea/ five ?\s& two hundr$ & eighty millions ( tons ( wat] 9 a day2 & f ! riv] ,?ames tw5ty millions ?ree hundr$ ?\s& tons p] day1 on ! av]age4 ,?is wat] is convey$ by ! w9ds to e "p ( ! cont95ts3 ^! x f]tilizes 9 ! =m ( ra91 & aft]w>ds supplies ! riv]s1 :i* fl[ aga9 into ! sea4 ,9 our climate1 evaporation is f\nd to be ab\t f\r times z mu* f ! v]nal to ! autumnal equ9ox1 z f ! autumnal to ! v]nal4 ,heat facilitates all solutions2 & ! great] ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! temp]ature ( ! air & ! evaporat+ surface1 ! great] w be ! evaporation4 ,bi%op ,watson f\nd t1 ev5 :5 !re _h be5 no ra9 = a consid]able "t1 & ! e>? _h be5 dri$ by ! p>*+ heat ( summ]1 an acre ( gr\nd disp]s$ into ! air above #a1fjj gallons ( wat] 9 ! space ( twelve h\rs ( a summ]'s day4 ,a little reflection w\ld conv9ce any "o ( ! importance ( ! pr9ciple ( evaporation4 ,innum]able in/ances ( its use might be adduc$2 suffice to add1 t )\t x nei!r grass nor corn c\ld be suffici5tly void ( moi/ure to lay up = use4 ,our clo!s :5 wa%$ c\ld n be dri$2 nei!r c\ld a v>iety ( ! mo/ common op]ations1 :i* conduce mu* to our com=t & conv5i5ce1 be p]=m$ )\t x4 ,x is evid5t t wat] exi/s 9 ! atmosph]e 9 abundance1 ev5 9 ! drie/ seasons1 & "u ! cle>e/ sky4 ,by ! exp]im5ts ( ,saussure1 x appe>s1 t a cubic foot ( atmosph]ic air w hold elev5 gra9s ( wat] 9 solution4 ,f ?is prop]ty ( ! air we d]ive _m advantages4 ,x has a t5d5cy to pres]ve e ?+ on ! face ( ! e>? 9 a prop] degree ( moi/ure4 ,x appe>s1 f ! exp]im5ts ( "s aronauts1 t ! air is mu* dri] 9 ! high] regions ?an x is ne> ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,:5 two opposite curr5ts ( air meet1 ( diff]5t temp]atures1 ! vapors are sometimes cond5s$ !reby1 & ra9 ensues4 ,x may be rem>k$1 t if ! temp]ature ( our atmosph]e _h be5 #bab1 or upw>ds1 ra9 c\ld nev] h fall5 on ! e>?2 = ! wat] tak5 up by evaporation w\ld h be5 conv]t$ into a p]man5tly ela/ic fluid4 ,su* is ! necessity ( ra91 t x alone n only af=ds a prop] degree ( moi/ure to ! vegetable creation1 b is ( s]vice 9 br++ ! soils into a fit /ate to p]=m _! (fice4 ,dry e>? ( itself is ineffective2 b :5 moi/5$ x has ! prop]ty ( decompos+ atmosph]ic air1 & ( convey+ its oxyg5 to ! roots ( ^? plants :i* vegetate )9 x4 ,we are indebt$ to ,humboldt = ! k ( ?is fact4 ,x is impossible ev] to contemplate ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* ! diff]5t op]ations ( nature are made to correct & balance ea* o!r1 )\t be+ /ruck ) ! inf9ite compreh5sion ( ! ,div9e ,m9d1 :i* c\ld ?us =esee ! t5d5cy ( e law :i* x 0 ab\t to e/abli%4 ,h[ _m cases are !re 9 :i* ! slighte/ ov]sight w\ld h produc$ ! de/ruction ( ! _w6 ,! effects ( vapor h furni%$ a new mov+ =ce to me*anics1 says ,hay1 :i* x requir$ no ord9>y g5ius to h creat$1 & to h measur$ its en]gy4 ,?is sci5ce1 dur+ a long "t1 _h only employ$ wat] z a mov+ =ce1 by avail+ itself ( its natural c\rse1 or by judici\sly manag+ its fall1 s z to subject x to ! op]ation ( ma*9es :i* is regulat$ by an impulsion cont9ually r5ew$4 ,! exp]im5ts made ^u ! =ce ( wat] r$uc$ to vapor1 gave bir? to ! idea ( apply+ t vapor s mu* ! m advantage\sly to ! same purpose1 because indep5d5tly ( its great en]gy1 x may be transport$ :]ev] x is call$ = by ! int]e/s ( comm]ce & indu/ry4 ,! execution ( /eam-eng9es has _h1 l t ( all o!r ma*9es1 its diff]5t epo*s1 to :i* successively correspond$ new degrees ( p]fection4 ,to dim9i%1 z f> z possible1 ! quantity ( vaporisation requisite = ! effect 9 contemplation1 & to make a mod]ate use ( ! combu/ible2 to comb9e ) ?is *ief economy t ( sub/ance & ( workman%ip1 by contract+ ! dim5sions ( ! pieces )\t dim9i%+ _! utility2 to prev5t explosions1 by ! wise/ precautions adopt$ 9 ! managem5t ( an ag5t ^: p[] becomes de/ructive :5 x is n limit$3 ^! are 9 g5]al ! objects :i* h fix$ ! att5tion ( eng9e]s1 & h excit$ among !m a laudable k9d ( rival%ip4#id ,9 no inv5tion1 ei!r = +5uity or utility1 has mod]n g5ius be5 m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! inv5tion ( ! /eam-eng9e4 ,! amaz+ p[] wield$ by man1 by ?is means1 is j matt] ( a/oni%m5t & wond]4 ,9 no "p ( ! k+dom h ^! /up5d\s ma*9es be5 br\ght to great] p]fection1 ei!r 9 size or pr9ciple1 ?an 9 ! m9+ c\nties ( ,cornwall & ,devon4 ,! l>ge/ ev] built has lately be5 erect$ at ,*acewat] m9e1 9 ! c\nty ( ,cornwall1 by ,mr4 ,s4 ,moyle1 ( t place1 & is = size & effici5cy1 z well z neatness1 )\t a p>allel4 ,?is /up5d\s ma*9e is equal to #a1jaj horses2 x works day & night 9 pump+ dry a m9e ( #ajj fa?oms deep1 & ( a l>ge ext5t3 & ! quantity ( wat] pump$ out 9 "o m9ute1 & ! column consequ5tly lift$1 is great] ?an any o!r ma*9e ( ! k9d ev] erect$4 ,! :ole reflects ! greate/ cr$it on ! abilities ( ! eng9e]1 & =ms an int]e/+ object to all ^? :o are curi\s 9 me*anism1 or :o may visit ! m9es ( ,cornwall4#ie ,a v +5i\s naturali/ sugge/s ! idea1 t subt]rane\s fire1 & /eam g5]at$ f x1 are ! true & real causes ( e>?quakes4 ,& he ?9ks ! ela/icity ( /eam & its expansive =ce1 are e way capable ( produc+ ! /up5d\s effects attribut$ to e>?quakes1 :5 x is consid]$ t ?is expansive =ce ( /eam is to t ( gunp[d] z #adj to #e4 ,he also appreh5ds t subt]rane\s fire mu/1 at diff]5t times1 h exi/$ univ]sally 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 & t 9 union ) wat]1 or by ! expansive p[] ( /eam1 x has produc$ ! imm5se cont95ts1 z well z ! m\nta9s ( our globe4#if ,!re are1 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,p>is ,academy ( ,sci5ces = ! ye> #agjg1 "s obs]vations communicat$ by ,vauban1 f :i* x results t #adj p\nds ( wat] conv]t$ into vapor1 w\ld produce an explosion capable ( bl[+ up a mass ( #gg1jjj p\nds1 :ile #adj p\nds ( p[d] c\ld only produce a simil> effect ^u a mass ( #cj1jjj4 ,wat] w\ld be ! pure/ ( all dr9ks1 says ,/urm1 7 x z absolutely simple body2 b on ! o!r h&1 its m$ic9al virtue w\ld be r$uc$ to no?+4 ,if we consid] ! mann] 9 :i* wat] n\ri%es plants1 x is easy to presume t x communicates ! nutriti\s juices :i* x conta9s1 to m5 & animals 9 ! same way4 ,wat] is n v nutritive by itself1 b be+ v subtile1 x dissolves ! nutriti\s p>ts ( alim5ts1 is a vehicle = !m1 & c>ries !m along into ! m9ute/ vessels4 ,x is consequ5tly ! mo/ :olesome dr9k2 & is ess5tially necess>y to m5 & animals2 & its salut>y effects are felt1 :]e all o!r liquids are f\nd hurtful to heal?4 8,! wat] ( ,egypt10 says ! ,abb ,mascri]1 8is s delici\s1 t "o w\ld n wi% ! heat to be less1 or to be deliv]$ f ! s5sation ( ?ir/4 ,! ,turks f9d x s exquisite1 t !y excite !mselves to dr9k ( x by eat+ salt4 ,x is a common say+ among !m1 t if ,mahom$ _h drank ( x1 he w\ld h bes\ght ,god t he might nev] die1 9 ord] to h _h ?is cont9ual gratification4 ,:5 ! ,egyptians und]take ! pilgrimage ( ,mecca1 or g out ( _! c\ntry on any o!r acc\nt1 !y speak ( no?+ b ! pleasure !y %all h1 at _! return1 9 dr9k+ ( ! wat]s ( ! ,nile4 ,!re is no gratification to be comp>$ to ?is3 x surpasses1 9 _! e/eem1 t ( see+ _! relations & families4 ,all ^? :o h ta/$ ( ?is wat]1 all[ t !y nev] met ) ! l 9 any o!r place4 ,:5 a p]son dr9ks ( x = ! fir/ "t1 he c sc>cely be p]suad$ t x is n a wat] prep>$ by art3 = x has some?+ 9 x inexpressibly agreeable & pleas+ to ! ta/e2 & x %\ld h ! same rank among wat]s1 t *ampaigne has among w9es4 ,b its mo/ valuable quality is1 t x is exce$+ly salut>y4 ,x nev] incommodes1 let x be drank 9 :at quantity x may3 ?is is s true1 t x is no uncommon ?+ to see "s p]sons dr9k ?ree buckets full ( x 9 a day1 )\t ! lea/ inconv5i5ce6 ,:5 ,i pass su* encomiums on ! wat] ( ,egypt1 x is "r to obs]ve1 t ,i speak only ( t ( ! ,nile1 :i* inde$ is ! only wat]1 dr9kable1 = _! well-wat] is dete/able & un:olesome4 ,f\nta9s are s r>e1 t !y are a k9d ( prodigy 9 t c\ntry2 & z to ra9-wat]1 t is out ( ! "q1 z sc>cely any falls 9 ,egypt40 99 99 99 99 99 ,hav+ att5d$ to ! situation & prop]ties ( wat] 9 ! _w ( nature1 we %all n[ %[ t by ?is elem5t is repres5t$ ! bless+s ( ,div9e grace 9 ! moral or spiritual _w4 ,god is ! f\nta9 ( liv+ wat]s1 ev]-liv+1 all-suffici5t1 & incessantly fl[+2 l wat]s1 aris+ & issu+ f a spr+1 :i* cont9ue dur+ ! :ole ye>3 n l wat]s t proce$ only f "s excess ( ra91 su* z l&-floods1 or ^? fl[+ d[n f hills1 :i* 9 ! w9t] season run 9 torr5ts1 b 9 ! heat ( summ] are dri$ up & fail4 ,su* unc]ta9 wat]s are well express$ by ,job--8,my bre?r5 h dealt deceitfully z a brook1 & z ! /ream ( brooks !y pass away2 :i* are blacki% by reason ( ! ice1 & :]e9 ! sn[ is hid3 :at "t !y wax w>m !y vani%3 :5 x is hot !y are consum$ out ( _! place4 ,! pa?s ( _! way are turn$ aside2 !y g to no?+1 & p]i%4 ,! troops ( ,tema look$1 ! companies ( ,%eba wait$ = !m4 ,!y are conf\nd$ because !y _h hop$2 !y came ?i!r1 & 7 a%am$40 ,he alludes to ^? m]*ants :o travell$ 9 companies or c>avans1 ) bea/s ( burd51 ?r\gh ! des]ts ( ,arabia2 :o1 hav+ 9 ! w9t] obs]v$ & m>k$ out 9 c]ta9 places on ! road great pools ( wat]1 or copi\s /reams lock$ up 9 ! valleys by sev]e fro/s2 s t1 :5 travell+ ! same road 9 summ]1 !y expect$ f9d+ wat] !re /ill to refre% !mselves & _! ?ir/y camels2 b1 to _! great grief & con/]nation1 in/ead ( pools or brooks ( wat]1 f\nd heaps ( dry s&1 occasion$ by int5se heat4 ,b ,god is a f\nta9 :i* s5ds =? /reams ( bless+s 9 all seasons1 & nev] fails4 ,! liv+ wat]s :i* proce$ f him z _! f\nta91 are n /agnant1 or dead1 b runn+1 l ^? t issue f spr+s :i* are nev] dry1 & possess ! mo/ refre%+ & invigorat+ prop]ties4 ,! elem5t ( wat] is us$ = wa%+ & purify+ ! body2 s ! op]ation ( ,div9e grace on ! s\l removes its moral defilem5t4 ,all ! purifications by wat] "u ! law1 7 outw>d expressions ( ?is inw>d cleans+4 ,?us ^? important words by ! prophet ,ezekiel1 8,i w spr9kle clean wat] ^u y1 & ye %all be clean2 f all y\r fil?9ess1 & f all y\r idols1 w ,i cleanse y3 a new he>t also w ,i give y1 & a new _s w ,i put )9 y40 ,accord+ly ! ,psalmi/ says1 8,?\ %alt wa% me1 & ,i %all be :it] ?an sn[40 ,he also prays1 8,create 9 me a clean he>t1 oh ,god2 & r5ew a "r _s )9 me40 ,z purity is necess>y = enjoy+ communion ) ,god 9 all 8 in/itut$ ord9ances1 he says1 8,i w wa% m9e h&s 9 innoc5cy3 s w ,i compass ?9e alt>1 oh ,"l40 ,simil> language is us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,our ,"l said to ,pet]1 8,if ,i wa% !e n1 ?\ ha/ no "p 9 me40 ,! apo/le ,paul1 aft] m5tion+ sev]al immoral *>act]s to ! ,*ri/ians at ,cor9?1 says1 8,& su* 7 "s ( y3 b ye are wa%$1 b ye are sanctifi$1 b ye are ju/ifi$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 & by ! ,_s ( our ,god40 ,our ,"l gave himself = u1 n only t he might r$eem u f all iniquity1 b also t he might purify u unto himself a peculi> p4 ,?is cleans+1 wa%+1 & purify+ ! s\l f s91 is1 9 ! ,holy ,scripture1 attribut$ to ! virtual efficacy ( 8 blood4 8,! blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 8 ,son cleanse? u f all s940 8,unto him t lov$ u1 & wa%$ u f our s9s 9 8 own blood40 ,! prim>y effect ( 8 blood is ! expiation ( s92 &1 z a consequ5ce !re(1 ! remission ( x4 8,?is is my blood :i* is %$ = ! remission ( s9s40 8,9 :om we h r$emption ?r\gh 8 blood1 ! =giv5ess ( s9s40 ,n[ by ! blood ( ,*ri/ 9 ^! places we are to und]/& 8 suff]+s1 :i* 7 complet$ 9 ! %$d+ ( 8 blood on ! cross4 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,ii4--,,! ,,e>?4 ,surface ( ! ,e>? -- ,m\nta9s -- ,f]tility ( ,plants -- ,dissem9ation ( ,se$s -- ,pres]vation ( ,plants -- ,adaptation to diff]5t ,climates -- ,numb] ( vegetables -- ,succession ( vegetables -- ,rem>kable ,trees -- ,s5sitive ,plants -- ,kit*5 vegetables -- ,g>d5 fl[]s -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 ,! dry l& & ! seas con/itute :at is call$ ! t]raque\s globe2 :at proportion ! sup]ficies ( ! sea be>s to t ( ! l&1 _c be easily asc]ta9$2 b1 z "o obs]ves1 ! e>? & ! wat] exi/ 9 a mo/ judici\s proportion to ea* o!r4 ,accord+ to ! mo/ exact calculations1 ! surface ( ! e>? is #aii1eab1eie squ>e miles2 & t ( ! sea is to ! l& z ?ree to "o4 ,!re is no c]ta9 measurem5t ( ! proportion ( l& & wat] :i* ! p>ts )9 ! pol> circles conta94 ,! sup]ficies ( ! sea appe>+ s l>ge1 may lead "s p]sons to suppose1 t ! proportions betwe5 ! l& & wat] are n wisely adju/$2 & t _h !re be5 less sea & m dry l&1 ?is w\ld h be5 m adapt$ to ! accommodation & s]vice ( mank9d4 ,z su* a supposition z ?is t5ds to arraign ! wisdom ( ,god1 s x proce$s f ignorance ( natural philosophy4 ,=1 z ,dr4 ,keill ass]ts1 8if !re 7 b half ! sea t n[ is1 !re w\ld be also only half ! quantity ( vapors2 &1 consequ5tly1 we c\ld h no m ?an half s _m riv]s z !re n[ are1 to supply n only all ! dry l& we h at pres5t1 b half z mu* m2 = ! quantity ( vapors :i* are rais$1 be>s a proportion to ! surface :5ce !y are rais$1 z well z ! heat :i* rais$ !m4 ,! wise ,creator s prud5tly ord]$ x1 t ! sea %\ld be l>ge en\gh to supply vapors suffici5t = all ! l&1 :i* x w\ld n d if x 7 less ?an x n[ is40#ig ,! ,scriptures speak ( ,god z mak+ all ?+s 9 numb]1 weight1 & measure2 z proce$+ 9 8 works ) ! greate/ exactness4 8,he ha? measur$ ! wat]s 9 ! holl[ ( 8 h&1 & met$ out heav5 ) a span1 & compreh5d$ ! du/ ( ! e>? 9 a measure1 & weigh$ ! m\nta9s 9 scales1 & ! hills 9 a balance40 ,^? :o wi% to see ?is fur!r illu/rat$1 w\ld d well to consult ,ray's 8,wisdom ( ,god manife/$ 9 ! works ( ! ,creation10 & 8 8,physico-!ological ,disc\rses40 ,! /ately m\nta9s1 t lift _! l(ty heads above ! cl\ds1 s]ve = v b5eficial purposes4 ,does ! bold a!i/ call !m blemi%es1 & irregul>ities 9 ! =mation ( ! e>?8 ,surely he nev] consid]$ h[ necess>y !y are1 = arre/+ ! cl\ds 9 _! flight1 & convey+ _! wat]s ?r\gh imp]ceptible *annels1 till !y meet 9 "s common receptacle1 :5ce !y bur/ out 9 spr+s to f]tilize ! l[] gr\nds1 & af=d refre%+ /reams = man & bea/4 8,?is10 says ,mr4 ,halley1 8seems to be ! design ( ! hills1 t _! ridges1 be+ plac$ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! cont95ts1 might s]ve z x 7 = alembics1 to di/il fre% wat] = ! use ( man & bea/2 & t _! heights might give a desc5t to ^? /reams to run g5tly1 l s _m ve9s ( ! microcosm1 to be m b5eficial to ! creation40 ,!y are1 says ,mr4 ,ray1 8= ! g5]ation & ma9t5ance ( riv]s & f\nta9s1 :i*--on ! hypo!sis t all proce$ f ra9 wat]--c\ld n subsi/ )\t !m1 or b r>ely4 ,s we %\ld h only torr5ts1 :i* w\ld fail 9 summ]1 or 9 any dry season1 & no?+ to tru/ to1 b /agnat+ wat]1 res]v$ 9 pools & ci/]ns4 ,! great inconv5i5ce result+ f ?is ,i ne$ n take pa9s to %[4 ,i say t f\nta9s & riv]s w\ld be b r>e1 7 !re no m\nta9s4 ,= ! :ole dry l& be+ b "o cont9u$ m\nta91 & asc5d+ all along f ! sea to ! mid-l&1 z is und5iably prov$ by ! desc5t ( riv]s ev5 9 pla9 c\ntries2 ! wat] s9k+ into ! e>?1 may run "u gr\nd1 &1 accord+ z ! ve9 leads x1 break out 9 ! side ( ?is m\nta91 ?\gh ! place1 z to outw>d appe>ance1 be a pla94 ,!re are huge ridges & ext5d$ *a9s ( m\nta9s direct$ = ! mo/ "p to run ea/ & we/2 by :i* means !y give admittance & passage to ! vapors1 br\ght by ! w9ds f ! ,atlantic & ,pacific oceans2 b /op & inhibit _! excursions to ! nor? & s\?1 ei!r cond5s+ !m on _! sides into wat]1 by a k9d ( ext]nal di/illation2 or by /rait5+ & con/ipat+ !m1 compell+ !m to ga!r into drops1 or desc5d d[n 9 ! ra940 ,aft] ! wat]s _h subsid$1 ! l& appe>$1 dry & fit = vegetation4 8,& ,god said1 ,let ! e>? br+ =? grass1 ! h]b yield+ se$1 & ! fruit-tree yield+ fruit aft] 8 k9d1 ^: se$ is 9 itself ^u ! e>?3 & x 0 s4 ,& ! e>? br\ght =? grass1 & h]b yield+ se$ aft] 8 k9d1 & ! tree yield+ fruit1 ^: se$ 0 9 itself1 aft] 8 k9d40 ,"h we rise to organiz$ & vegetative bodies4 ,at ! ,div9e comm&1 h]bs1 plants1 trees1 & all ! almo/ endless v>ieties ( ! vegetable _w1 be>+ _! sev]al se$s & fruits1 accord+ to _! diff]5t k9ds1 imm$iately began to appe>4 ,?us be=e ,god =m$ any liv+ creature to dwell ^u ! e>?1 he provid$ abundantly = its su/5ance4 8,n[ z ,god delights to manife/ himself 9 ! little z well z ! great10 says a celebrat$ comm5tator1 8he has %[n 8 consummate wisdom 9 e "p ( ! vegetable creation4 ,:o c acc\nt =1 or compreh5d1 ! /ructure ( a s+le tree or plant8 ,! roots1 ! /em1 ! woody fibres1 ! b>k1 ! r9d1 ! air-vessels1 ! sap-vessels1 ! leaves1 ! fl[]s1 & ! fruits1 are s _m my/]ies4 ,all ! skill1 wisdom1 & p[] ( m5 & angels1 c\ld n produce a s+le gra9 ( :eat60 ,dr4 ,hales1 9 8 ,/ati/ical ,essays1 has obs]v$1 t ! sub/ances ( vegetables appe>1 by a *emical analysis1 to be compos$ ( sulphur1 volatile salt1 wat]1 & e>?1 :i* are all endu$ ) mutually attract+ p[]s2 & also ( a l>ge portion ( air1 :i* has a wond]ful p[] ( /rongly attract+ 9 a fix$ /ate1 or ( repell+ 9 an ela/ic /ate1 ) a p[] :i* is sup]ior to great compressive =ces4#ih ,by ! inf9ite comb9ations1 action1 & reaction ( ^! pr9ciples1 all ! op]ations 9 animal & vegetable bodies are effect$4 ,^! active arial pr9ciples are v s]viceable 9 c>ry+ on ! "w ( vegetation to its p]fection & maturity2 n only 9 help+1 by _! ela/icity1 to di/5d ea* ductile "p1 b1 also1 by enliv5+ & invigorat+ _! sap1 :]e1 mix+ ) ! o!r mutually attract+ pr9ciples1 !y are1 by g5tle heat & motion1 set at lib]ty to assimilate into ! n\ri%m5t ( ! respective p>ts4 ,! sum ( ! attract+ p[]s ( ^! mutually act+ & re-act+ pr9ciples1 is1 :ile 9 ?is nutritive /ate1 sup]ior to _! repell+ p[]2 by :i* ! "w ( nutrition is gradually advanc$ by ! ne>] & ne>] union ( ^! pr9ciples f a less to a great] degree ( consi/5cy1 till !y are advanc$ to t viscid1 ductile /ate1 :5ce ! sev]al p>ts ( vegetables are =m$2 & are1 at l5g?1 firmly compact$ into h>d sub/ances1 by ! fly+ (f ( ! wat]y dilut+ vehicle3 b :5 !y are aga9 disunit$ by ! wat]y p>ticles1 _! repell+ p[] is !reby become sup]ior to _! attract+ p[]1 & ! union ( ! p>ts ( vegetables is s ?or\ghly dissolv$1 t putrefaction comm5ces4 ,god has endu$ ! vegetable creation ) ! a/oni%+ p[] ( multiply+ itself by se$s1 slips1 roots4 c4 ad inf9itum3 x conta9s 9 itself all ! rudim5ts ( ! future plants ?r\gh _! endless g5]ations4 ,! celebrat$ ,l9nu1 9 an 8oration conc]n+ ! augm5tation ( ! habitable e>?10 :i* proce$s on ! supposition ( ! exi/5ce ( a sexual sy/em 9 ! vegetable _w1 %[s h[ f "o plant ( ea* species ! imm5se numb] ( individuals n[ exi/+ might arise4 ,he gives "s in/ances ( ! surpris+ f]tility ( c]ta9 plants2 z1 ( ! elecampane1 "o plant ( :i* produc$ #c1jjj se$s2 ( spelt1 #b1jjj2 ( ! sun-fl[]1 #d1jjj2 ( ! poppy1 #c1bjj2 ( tobacco1 #dj1cbj3 & "o gra9 ( ,turkey-corn produces #b1jjj o!rs6 ,b suppos+ any annual plant produc+ ye>ly only two se$s1 ev5 ( ^!1 aft] #bj ye>s1 !re w\ld be #a1jdh1egf individuals4 ,= !y w\ld increase ye>ly 9 a d\ble proportion1 viz4 #b1 #d1 #h1 #af1 #cb1 c4 ,! se$ ( ! elm1 z a le>n$ au?or obs]ves1 af=ds a rem>kable in/ance ( ! prolific p[] ) :i* ! vegetable creation is endu$1 to multiply its diff]5t species4 8,?is tree produces "o ?\s& five hundr$ & eighty-f\r millions ( se$s2 & ea* ( ^! se$s has ! p[] ( produc+ ! same numb]4 ,h[ a/oni%+ is ?is produce6 ,at fir/ "o se$ is deposit$ 9 ! e>?2 f ?is "o a tree spr+s1 :i* 9 ! c\rse ( its vegetative life produces "o ?\s& five hundr$ & eighty-f\r millions ( se$s4 ,?is is ! fir/ g5]ation4 ,! second g5]ation w am\nt to two trillions1 five hundr$ & t5 ?\s& & fifty-six billions4 ,! ?ird g5]ation w am\nt to f\rte5 ?\s& six hundr$ & fifty-eight quadrillions1 sev5 hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 ?\s& & =ty trillions6 ,& ! f\r? g5]ation f ^! w\ld am\nt to fifty "o sextillions1 f\r hundr$ & eighty-"o ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & eighty-"o qu9tillions1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree ?\s& "o hundr$ & ?irty-six quadrillions6 ,sums too imm5se = ! human m9d to conceive2 & :5 we all[ ! mo/ conf9$ space 9 :i* a tree c gr[1 x appe>s t ! se$s ( ! ?ird g5]ation f "o elm w\ld be _m myriads ( times m ?an suffici5t to /ock ! :ole sup]ficies ( all ! planets 9 ! sol> sy/em60 ,:ile _m plants & trees may be propagat$ by bran*es1 buds1 suck]s1 & leaves fix$ 9 ! gr\nd2 s conc]n+ ! dissem9ation ( se$s aft] !y come to maturity1 ! ,au?or ( nature has wisely provid$ 9 v>i\s ways2 ?is be+ absolutely necess>y1 s9ce )\t x no crop c\ld foll[4 ,! /alks & /ems favor ?is purpose2 = ^! raise ! fruit above ! gr\nd1 s t ! w9ds1 %ak+ !m to & fro1 widely disp]se ! ripe se$s4 ,! p]ic>pium1 a pellicle or ?9 membrane encompass+ ! fruit or gra9 ( a plant1 is g5]ally %ut at ! top1 t ! se$s may n fall be=e !y are %ak5 out by /ormy w9ds4 ,w+s are giv5 to _m se$s1 by ! help ( :i* !y fly f> f ! "m plant1 & frequ5tly spread ov] a l>ge tract ( c\ntry4 ,^! w+s consi/ ei!r ( d[n1 z 9 mo/ ( ! composite-fl[]$ plants2 or ( a membrane1 z 9 bir*1 ald]1 a%1 c4 ,sev]al k9ds ( fruits are endu$ ) a rem>kable ela/icity1 by ! =ce ( :i* ! ripe p]ic>pies ?r[ ! se$s to a great di/ance2 z wood-sorrel1 spurge1 phyllan?us1 & dittany4 ,o!r se$s or p]ic>pies are r\gh1 or provid$ ) hooks1 z h\nds-tongue1 agrimony1 c2 s t !y are apt to /ick to animals :i* pass by !m1 & by ?is means are c>ri$ to _! holes1 :]e !y are bo? s[n & manur$4 ,b]ries1 z well z o!r p]ic>pies1 are by nature allott$ = alim5t to animals2 b1 ) ?is condition1 t :ile !y eat ! pulp1 !y %all s[ ! se$s3 = :5 !y fe$ on x1 !y ei!r disp]se !m at ! same "t2 or1 if !y swall[ !m1 !y are return$ unhurt4 ,! mi/letoe always gr[s on o!r trees1 because ! ?ru% eat+ its se$s1 ca/s !m =? ) its dung4 ,! cross-bill liv+ on fircones1 & ! haw-f9* fe$+ on p9econes1 s[ _m ( _! se$s4 ,! /ructure ( plants contributes ess5tially bo? to _! own pres]vation1 & t ( o!rs4 ,b ! wisdom ( ! ,creator appe>s v rem>kable 9 ! mann] ( ! gr[? ( trees4 ,= z _! roots desc5d deep] ?an ^? ( o!r plants1 provision is !reby made t !y %all n rob !m too mu* ( n\ri%m5t2#ii & :at is /ill m1 a /em1 n above a span 9 diamet]1 (t5 %oots its bran*es v high2 ^! be> p]haps _m ?\s& buds1 ea* ( :i* is a plant1 ) its leaves1 fl[]s1 & /ipul4 ,n[ if all ^! grew on ! pla91 !y w\ld take up a ?\s& times z mu* space z trees d2 &1 9 ?is case1 !re w\ld sc>cely be room 9 all ! e>? = s _m plants z at pres5t trees alone af=d4 ,besides1 plants t %oot up 9 ?is way are m easily pres]v$ f cattle by a natural def5ce3 _! leaves also1 fall+ 9 autumn1 cov] ! plants gr[+ ab\t !m aga9/ ! rigor ( ! w9t]2 &1 9 ! summ]1 !y af=d a pleas+ %ade1 n only to animals1 b to plants1 aga9/ ! int5se heat ( ! sun4 ,we may add1 t trees1 l all o!r vegetables1 imbibe wat] f ! e>?3 :i* does n circulate aga9 to ! root1 b be+ disp]s$ l small ra91 by ! transpiration ( ! leaves1 moi/5s ! plants t gr[ ar\nd4 ,_m plants & %rubs are arm$ ) ?orns1 z ! buck?orn1 sloe1 c>duus1 cotton-?i/le1 c3 ^! s]ve to keep (f animals1 :i* o!rwise w\ld de/roy _! fruit4 ,at ! same "t1 !y cov] _m o!r plants1 especially ( ! annual k9d1 "u _! bran*es4 ,nay x has frequ5tly be5 obs]v$ on commons :]e furze gr[s1 t :]ev] a bu% 0 left unt\*$ = "s ye>s by ! inhabitants a tree has sprung up1 be+ secur$ by ! prickles ( t %rub f ! bite ( cattle4 ,s t :ile adjac5t gr\nds are robb$ ( plants by voraci\s animals1 "s may be pres]v$ to rip5 fl[]s & fruit1 & /ock ! surr\nd+ p>ts ) se$s :i* o!rwise w\ld be q extirpat$4 ,all h]bs cov] ! gr\nd ) _! leaves1 & by _! %ade h9d] x f be+ totally depriv$ ( t moi/ure :i* is necess>y to _! n\ri%m5t4 ,mosses1 :i* adorn ! mo/ b>r5 places1 d1 at ! same "t1 pres]ve less] plants :5 !y beg9 to %oot1 f cold & dr\ght2 z is evid5t 9 g>d5s1 :]e plants are pres]v$ 9 ! same way4 ,!y also h9d] ! f]m5t+ e>? f =c+ ! roots ( plants upw>ds 9 ! spr+2 l :at happ5s annually to trunks ( trees1 & o!r ?+s put into ! gr\nd4 ,h5ce v few mosses gr[ 9 w>m climates1 ! same necessity n exi/+ 9 ^? places4 ,! great ,au?or ( all ?+s int5d$ t ! :ole e>? %\ld be cov]$ ) plants1 & t no place %\ld be void or b>r54 ,b s9ce all c\ntries h n ! same *anges ( seasons1 & e soil is n equally adapt$ to e plant2 !re=e1 t no place %\ld be )\t "s1 he gave to ea* ( !m su* a nature z might be *iefly accommodat$ to _! own climate3 s t "s ( !m c be> int5se cold1 o!rs an equal degree ( heat2 "s delight 9 dry gr\nd1 o!rs 9 moi/1 c4 ,h5ce plants gr[ :]e ! seasons ( ! ye> & ! soil are fri5dly to _! con/itution4 ,grasses1 ! mo/ common ( all plants1 c be> almo/ any temp]ature ( air3 9 ?is ! good provid5ce ( ! ,creator p>ticul>ly appe>s2 = all ov] ! globe !y are necess>y = ! n\ri%m5t ( cattle4 ,! same is obs]v$ 9 relation to our mo/ common gra9s4 ,?us nei!r ! scor*+ sun1 nor ! p9*+ cold1 h9d]s any c\ntry f hav+ vegetables4 ,nor is !re any soil :i* does n br+ =? _m k9ds ( plants4 ,des]ts & s&y places are adorn$ ) trees & plants4 ,if we connect ! va/ fecundity ( vegetables ) _! numb]1 h[ b\ntiful w ! great ,au?or ( nature appe>6 ,solomon _h a compreh5sive k ( ! diff]5t species ( plants1 = he 8spake ( trees1 f ! c$>-tree t is 9 ,lebanon ev5 unto ! hyssop t spr+e? out ( ! wall20 b 8 writ+s on ?is subject1 n be+ quot$ by any anci5t au?or1 nor ! lea/ fragm5t rema9+1 are entirely lo/4 ,!ophra/us1 a ,greek philosoph]1 :o succe$$ ,ari/otle 9 8 s*ool at ,a!ns1 :]e 8 "n became s celebrat$ t he 0 att5d$ by two ?\s& pupils1 wrote a "w entitl$ 8,! ,hi/ory ( ,plants10 9 :i* above #ejj diff]5t plants are describ$4 ,dioscorides1 a ,grecian by bir?1 b "u ! ,roman empire1 a physician & botani/ 9 ! "t ( ,n]o1 be+ ne> #cjj ye>s po/]ior to ,!ophra/us1 describes ab\t #fjj plants4 ,pl9y ! eld]1#ajj 9 8 volum9\s "w entitl$ 8,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,_w10 gives descriptions ( above #a1jjj diff]5t species ( plants4 ,hi]onymus ,bock1 or ,b\c1 a ,g]man1 g5]ally kn[n by ! "n ( ,tragus1 9 #aecb1 publi%$ a ,hi/ory ( ,plants1 9 :i* he describes #hjj species4 ,f lat] botanical rese>*es1 we le>n1 t ! b\ntiful ,creator has enri*$ ! e>? ) ab\t #bj1jjj diff]5t species ( vegetables4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t ( ! progress ( botanical k has rec5tly be5 giv5 to ! public4 ,messrs4 ,humboldt & ,b\pl&1 ! celebrat$ travell]s1 h collect$ 9 _! five ye>s' travels ?r\gh ,s\? ,am]ica1 #c1hjj species ( plants1 ( :i* upw>ds ( #c1jjj 7 new1 & absolutely unkn[n be=e to ! botani/s ( ,europe4 ,we are at pres5t acqua9t$ altoge!r ) #dd1jjj species ( plants2 :ile ! :ole numb] m5tion$ by ! ,greeks1 ,romans1 & ,arabians1 does n exce$ #a1djj4 ,x is wor? rem>k+1 t ! vegetable productions ( ! new _w seem to h be5 9 an inv]se ratio1 bo? 9 po9t ( numb] & luxuriance1 to ^? ( ! animal k+dom4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 = in/ance1 ! numb] ( l(ty trees is f> great] ?an 9 ,europe4 ,9 ! =m] c\ntry1 !re are f\nd #acg species ( trees1 ^: trunks exce$ ! height ( #cj feet2 :ile 9 ,europe !re are sc>cely #de species4 ,b x is s+ul> !re are no firs to be f\nd on any "p ( ! m\nta9s ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 betwe5 ! tropics1 ?\gh !y are v abundant 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! reason :y ,magnolias1 & o!r equ9oxial plants1 appe> s f> nor? 9 ,am]ica1 is1 t z f> z lat4 #dh deg4 ! summ]s are #i degrees 7( ,fahr5heit7 hott] ?an 9 ! correspond+ ,european latitudes4 ,! w9t]s1 h[ev]1 are m ?an proportionably cold]4 ,at ,philadelphia ! summ] is z hot z at ,rome2 :ile ! w9t] corresponds ) t ( ,vi5na4 ,at ,quebec1 ! summ] is w>m] ?an at ,p>is2 ! w9t] cold] ?an at ,/4 ,pet]sburgh4 ,beyond ,lake ,sup]ior1 & at ,hudson's ,bay1 x is said t ! e>? is p]petually froz5 at ! dep? ( ?ree feet f ! surface1 :i* prev5ts ! inhabitants f digg+ wells4 ,! same ?+ happ5s 9 ,sib]ia1 on ! banks ( ! ,l5a2 :ile 9 ,s\? ,am]ica !re are cities at a great] height ?an ! highe/ summit ( ! ,pyr5ees1 & h\ses m elevat$ ?an ! ,peak ( ,t5]iffe1 ! region1 9 ,europe1 ( p]petual congelation4 ,to ?is we may add1 t ,l9nu1 ! celebrat$ botani/1 divid$ all plants into classes1 ! classes into ord]s1 ! ord]s into g5]a1 & ! g5]a into species3 & ! species1 we are told1 am\nt p]haps to #dj1jjj1 or #ej1jjj1 or m6 ,! f]tility ( ! e>? has be5 cont9u$ f ! creation1 ?r\gh e successive p]iod1 to ! pres5t "t4 ,plants spr+ up1 gr[1 fl\ri%1 rip5 _! fruit1 )]1 & at la/1 hav+ f9i%$ _! c\rse1 die1 & return to ! du/ aga91 f :5ce !y fir/ took _! rise4 ,?us black m\ld1 :i* cov]s ! e>?1 is g5]ally ow+ to dead vegetables4 ,= all roots desc5d into ! s& by _! bran*es1 & aft] a plant has lo/ its /em1 ! root rema9s2 b ?is too rots at la/1 & *anges into m\ld4 ,?us ?is k9d ( e>? is mix$ ) s&1 by ! arrangem5t ( nature1 ne>ly 9 ! same way z dung ?r[n on fields is wr\ght into ! e>? by ! indu/ry ( ! husb&man4 ,b ! e>? (f]s aga9 to plants f its bosom :at x has ?us receiv$4 ,= :5 se$s are committ$ to ! e>?1 !y draw to !mselves1 accommodate to _! nature1 & turn into plants1 ! m subtile p>ts ( ?is m\ld by ! co-op]ation ( ! sun1 air1 & ra92 s t ! talle/ tree is1 prop]ly speak+1 no?+ b m\ld wond]fully comp\nd$ ) air & wat]1 & modifi$ by a virtue communicat$ to a small se$ by ! ,creator4 ,f ^! plants1 :5 !y die1 j ! same k9d ( m\ld is =m$ z gave bir? to !m orig9ally2 :5ce f]tility rema9s cont9ually un9t]rupt$4 ,:]eas ! e>? c\ld n make good its annual consumption1 unless x 7 con/antly recruit$ by new supplies4 ,t ! ,au?or ( nature _h s con/itut$ ! _w t none ( ! elem5ts %\ld be subject to de/ruction1 might h be5 suppos$ by ! anci5ts2 b1 till ! pres5t advanc$ /ate ( ! sci5ce ( *emi/ry1 no pro( ( ?is int]e/+ fact c\ld h be5 adduc$4 ,( ! inde/ructibility ( matt] x may be rem>k$1 t provision has be5 made ev5 = ! re/oration ( ! fall5 leaves ( vegetables1 :i* rot on ! gr\nd1 &1 to a c>eless obs]v]1 w\ld appe> to be lo/ = ev]4 ,b]?ollet has %[n by exp]im5t1 t1 :5ev] ! soil becomes *>g$ ) su* matt]1 ! oxyg5 ( ! atmosph]e comb9es ) x1 & conv]ts x into c>bonic acid gas4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is is1 t ?is same c>bon 9 process ( "t is absorb$ by a new race ( vegetables1 :i* x clo!s ) a new foliage1 & :i* is itself de/9$ to und]go simil> putrefaction & r5ovation to ! end ( "t4 ,! selection ( a few rem>kable trees & plants w s]ve to impress ! read] ) a s5se ( ! wisdom & p[] ( ,god1 z display$ 9 ! vegetable k+dom4 ,z riv]s & brooks are v seldom f\nd 9 des]ts & s&y places1 _m ( ! trees gr[+ !re di/il wat]2 &1 by t means1 af=d great com=t bo? to man & bea/4 ,?us ! ,till&sia1 :i* is a p>asitical plant1 gr[+ on ! tops ( trees 9 ! des]ts ( ,am]ica1 has its leaves turn$ at ! base into ! %ape ( a pit*]1 ) ! extremity exp&$2 9 ^! ! ra9 is collect$1 & pres]v$ = ! use ( m51 bea/s1 & birds4 ,! wat]-tree 9 ,ceylon produces cyl9drical bladd]s1 cov]$ ) a lid2 into ^! is secret$ a mo/ pure & refre%+ wat]4 ,!re is a k9d ( cuck[-p9t 9 ,new ,france1 ( :i*1 if a p]son break a bran*1 x w af=d him a p9t ( excell5t wat]4 ,h[ wise1 h[ b5eficial is ! adaptation ( plants to ! inhabitants ( ^? c\ntries :]e !y gr[6 ,on ! top ( a rock1 9 "o ( ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 says ,glass1 9 8 ,hi/ory1 gr[s ! ,f\nta9 ,tree1 call$1 9 ! language ( ! anci5t inhabitants1 ,g>se1 7sacr$ or holy tree17 :i* = _m ye>s has be5 pres]v$ s\nd1 entire1 & fre%4 ,its leaves con/antly di/il su* a quantity ( wat] z is suffici5t to furni% dr9k to e liv+ creature 9 ,hi]ro2 nature hav+ provid$ ?is rem$y = ! dr\ght ( ! isl&4 ,x is situat$ ab\t a league & a half f ! sea4 ,nobody kn[s ( :at species x is1 only t x is call$ ,til4 ,x is di/9ct f o!r trees1 & /&s by itself4 ,! circumf]5ce ( its trunk is ab\t twelve spans1 ! diamet] f\r1 & 9 height f ! gr\nd to ! top ( ! highe/ bran* =ty spans3 ! circumf]5ce ( all ! bran*es toge!r1 is "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet4 ,! bran*es are ?ick & ext5d$3 ! l[e/ comm5ce an ell f ! gr\nd4 ,its fruit resembles ! acorn1 & ta/es some?+ l ! k]nel ( a p9e-apple1 b is s(t] & m aromatic4 ,! leaves ( ?is tree resemble ^? ( ! laurel1 b are l>g]1 wid]1 & m curv$2 !y come =? 9 p]petual succession1 s t ! tree always rema9s gre54 ,on ! nor? side ( ! trunk1 are two l>ge tanks1 or ci/]ns1 ( r\gh /one1 or r "o ci/]n divid$1 ea* half be+ tw5ty feet squ>e1 & sixte5 spans 9 dep?4 ,"o ( ^! conta9s wat] = ! dr9k+ ( ! inhabitants2 & ! o!r t :i* !y use = _! cattle1 wa%+1 & su* l purposes4 ,e morn+1 ne> ?is "p ( ! isl&1 a cl\d or mi/ arises f ! sea1 :i* ! s\? & ea/]ly w9ds =ce aga9/ ! =e-m5tion$ /eep cliff1 s t ! cl\d1 hav+ no v5t b by ! gutt]1 gradually asc5ds x1 & f !nce advances sl[ly to ! extremity ( ! valley1 :]e x is /opp$ & *eck$ by ! front ( ! rock1 :i* t]m9ates ! valley1 & !n re/s ^u ! ?ick leaves & wide-spread+ bran*es ( ! tree1 f :5ce x di/ils 9 drops1 dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! day1 until x is at l5g? exhau/$1 9 ! same mann] t we see wat] drip f ! leaves ( trees aft] a heavy %[] ( ra94 ,?is tree yields mo/ wat] 9 ^? ye>s :5 ! ,levant or ea/]ly w9ds h prevail$ = a cont9uance1 = by ^! w9ds only ! cl\ds or mi/s are drawn hi!r f ! sea4 ,a p]son lives on ! spot ne> :]e ?is tree gr[s1 :o is appo9t$ by ! c\ncil to take c>e ( x1 & its wat]2 & is all[$ a h\se to live 91 ) a c]ta9 sal>y4 ,he e day di/ributes to ea* family ( ! di/rict1 sev5 pots or vessels full ( wat]1 besides :at he gives to ! pr9cipal p 9 ! isl&4 ,9 ,cockburn's ,voyages we f9d ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! ,dropp+ ,tree1 ne> ! m\nta9s ( ,v]a ,paz1 9 ,am]ica4 8,on ! morn+ ( ! f\r? day we came out on a l>ge pla9 :]e 7 numb]s ( f9e de]1 & 9 ! middle /ood a tree ( an unusual size1 spread+ its bran*es ov] a va/ compass ( gr\nd4 ,curiosity l$ u up to x2 we _h p]ceiv$1 at "s di/ance1 ! gr\nd ab\t x to be wet1 at :i* we began to be some:at surpris$1 z well kn[+ !re _h no ra9 fall5 = ne> six mon?s pa/1 accord+ to ! c]ta9 c\rse ( ! season 9 t latitude2 t x 0 impossible to be occasion$ by ! fall ( dew on ! tree1 we 7 conv9c$1 by ! sun hav+ p[] to exhale all moi/ure ( t nature a few m9utes aft] 8 ris+4 ,at la/1 to our great amazem5t1 z well z joy1 we saw wat] dropp+1 or1 z x 71 di/ill+ fa/ f ! end ( e leaf ( ?is wond]ful 7nor _h x be5 amiss1 if ,i _h said miracul\s7 tree2 at lea/ x 0 s ) respect to u1 :o _h be5 labor+ f\r days ?r\gh extreme heat )\t receiv+ ! lea/ moi/ure1 & 7 n[ almo/ expir+ = ! want ( x4 ,we c\ld n help look+ on ?is z liquor s5t f heav5 to com=t u "u our great extremity4 ,we cat*$ :at we c\ld ( x 9 our h&s1 & drank v pl5tifully ( x1 lik+ x s well1 t we c\ld h>dly prevail ) ourselves to give x ov]4 ,a matt] ( ?is nature c\ld n b excite u to make ! /ricte/ obs]vations conc]n+ x2 & accord+ly we /aid "u ! tree ne> ?ree h\rs3 we f\nd t we c\ld n clasp its body by five times4 ,we obs]v$ ! soil :]e x grew to be v /ony2 & ^u ! nice/ inquiry we c\ld aft]w>ds make1 bo? ( ! natives ( ! c\ntry1 & ! ,spani% inhabitants1 we c\ld n le>n t !re 0 any su* tree kn[n ?r\gh\t ,new ,spa91 nor p]haps all ,am]ica ov]40 ,! ,tall[ ,tree1 m5tion$ by ,du ,halde 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*9a1 gr[s 9 great pl5ty 9 t c\ntry1 produc+ a sub/ance mu* l our tall[1 & s]v+ = ! same purposes4 ,x is ab\t ! height ( a *]ry tree2 its leaves are 9 =m ( a he>t1 ( a deep %9+ r$ color1 & its b>k v smoo?4 ,its fruit is enclos$ 9 a k9d ( pod or cov]1 l a *e/nut1 & consi/s ( ?ree r\nd :ite gra9s1 ( ! size & =m ( a small nut1 ea* hav+ its peculi> capsule1 & )9 t a little /one4 ,?is /one is encompass$ ) a :ite pulp1 :i* has all ! prop]ties ( true tall[1 z to consi/5ce1 color1 & ev5 smell2 & accord+ly ! ,*9ese make _! c&les ( x1 :i* d\btless w\ld be z good z ^? 9 ,europe1 if !y knew h[ to purify ?is vegetable z we d ! animal tall[1 & make _! wicks z f9e4 ,all ! prep>ation !y give x1 is to melt x d[n1 & mix a little oil ) x1 to make x s(t] & m pliant4 ,x is true1 _! c&les made ( x yield a ?ick] smoke1 & give a dimm] light ?an ^? ( ours2 b ^! defects are ow+ 9 a great measure to ! wicks1 :i* are n ( cotton1 b only a little rod or swit* ( dry light wood1 cov]$ ) ! pi? ( a ru%1 w\nd r\nd x1 :i*1 be+ v por\s1 s]ves to filtrate ! m9ute p>ts ( ! tall[1 attract$ by ! burn+ /ick1 & :i* by ?is means is kept burn+4 ,! ,tea ,tree is a native ( ,*9a1 ( v sl[ gr[?2 x has a black1 woody1 irregul>1 bran*$ root1 & rises to a fa?om high1 or r m4 ,its leaves are v ?ick set1 )\t any regul>ity1 & are1 9 sub/ance1 l ^? ( ! morella *]ry tree2 b1 :5 "y1 !y resemble1 except 9 color1 ! sp9dle tree1 ) r$ b]ries1 call$ euonymus4 ,! l>g] leaves are ab\t two in*es long1 & "o broad4 ,! me?od ( ga!r+ !m is "o by "o1 le/ !y %\ld be torn4 ,! fir/ ga!r+ beg9s at ! middle ( ! fir/ moon1 imm$iately be=e ! v]nal equ9ox2 ^! leaves are sc>cely full op5$1 be+ only ( two or ?ree days gr[?2 b !y are acc\nt$ ! be/1 fet* ! be/ price1 & are call$ ! fl[] ( ! tea2 b1 by ! ,*9ese1 veui b\i1 or bohea tea4 ,! second ga!r+ beg9s ab\t a mon? aft]1 & ! la/ ga!r+ is 9 ,june2 ! leaves ( ! ga!r+s are sort$ into ?ree sev]al classes1 accord+ to _! size & goodness1 & sold accord+ly4 ,aft] ! leaves are ga!r$1 !y are ! same day c>ri$ to ! "w-h\se1 & roa/$ ov] a sl[ fire 9 an iron pan2 &1 t !y may be ?or\ghly & equally dri$1 ! roa/] keeps !m cont9ually /irr+ ) 8 h&s1 !n takes !m out1 ) a %ovel l a fan1 & commits !m to ! roll]s1 :o roll !m ) ! palms ( _! h&s 9 small p>cels1 till !y are equally cool$1 & ! %>p yell[ & gre5i% juice is q dis*>g$4 ,!y are !n p\r$ ^u a mat1 & sort$ a second "t into diff]5t classes accord+ to _! goodness1 & ^? t are less curl$ or burnt are tak5 out4--,x is said t ! ,dut* 7 ! fir/ import]s ( tea into ,europe1 ab\t ! ye> #afjf1 = :i* !y ex*ang$ dri$ sage ) ! ,*9ese3 & ?\gh ! ,engli% did c]ta9ly ab\t ! same "t ga9 a k ( ?is plant1 we d n f9d t ! gov]nm5t took any cognizance ( x till ! ,re/oration1 :5 9 #affj1 a duty ( eight-p5ce p] gallon 0 laid on ! liquor made1 & sold 9 all c(fee-h\ses4 ,! ,c(fee ,tree is a native ( ! ,indies1 gr[s surpris+ly quick1 & its body is naturally ( an upright =m2 its leaves are some?+ l ^? ( ! common bay1 b curl at ! end & hang d[nw>ds4 ,! blossoms fir/ appe> 9 ,july1 :5 !y %[ !mselves 9 bun*es at ! jo9ts1 ne> ! ends ( ! bran*es2 !y are mu* l ! fl[]s ( ! jessam9e1 b h ! addition ( "s yell[ apices1 :i* are loose on ! top ( ! blossom1 & a /yle :i* %oots out ne> half an in* above x4 ,! fruit appe>s ab\t ,octob]1 :i* hangs on ! tree till ! next ,july be=e x is ripe3 x is !n ga!r$ & prep>$ = ! m>ket1 or = propagat+ o!r plants4 ,c(fee is1 p]haps1 "o ( ! greate/ bless+s1 among ^? t are n really necess>ies ( life1 t ,provid5ce has grant$ to mank9d2 &1 consid]+ its b5eficial qualities z well z its agreeable prop]ties1 x %\ld be rank$ among ! mo/ elegant plants1 9 foliage1 blossom1 & fruit4 ,x is a :olesome1 pleasant1 & *eap bev]age1 & ( great use 9 _m disord]s4 ,! orig9 ( ! use ( c(fee is /at$ to be z foll[s4 ,a prior ( a mona/]y 9 ! "p ( ,arabia :]e ?is b]ry gr[s1 hav+ rem>k$ t ! goats :i* eat ( x became extremely brisk & al]t1 resolv$ to try ! exp]im5t on 8 monks1 ( :om he s cont9ually compla9$ = _! le?>gic prop5sities4 ,! exp]im5t turn$ out successful2 &1 x is said1 x 0 ow+ to ?is circum/ance t ! use ( ?is ,arabian b]ry came to be s univ]sal4 ,! ,banian ,tree is a native ( sev]al p>ts ( ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,x has a woody /em1 bran*+ to a great height & va/ ext5t1 ) he>t-%ap$ entire leaves1 end+ 9 acute po9ts4 ,( ?is tree ! foll[+ l9es ( ,milton conta9 a description equally beautiful & j4 8,!re soon !y *ose ,! fig tree2 n t tree = fruit r5[n'd1 ,b su* z at ?is day to ,indians kn[n ,9 ,malab> or ,decan1 spreads h] arms1 ,bran*+ s broad & long1 t 9 ! gr\nd ,! b5d$ twigs take root & daught]s gr[ ,ab\t ! "m tree1 a pill>'d %ade1 ,high ov] ar*'d & e*o+ walks betwe52 ,!re (t ! ,indian h]dsman1 %unn+ heat1 ,%elt]s 9 cool1 & t5ds 8 pa/ur+ h]ds ,at loop-holes cut ?r\gh ?icke/ %ade40 ,! banian tree1 or ,indian fig1 is p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ( nature's productions 9 t g5ial climate1 :]e h] luxuriance is display$ ) ! greate/ pr(usion & v>iety4 ,"s ( ^! trees1 z !y are cont9ually increas+1 &1 contr>y to mo/ o!r ?+s 9 animal & vegetable life1 seem to be exempt$ f decay1 gr[ to an amaz+ size4 ,e bran* project+ f ! ma9 body ?r[s out its own roots1 at fir/ 9 small t5d] fibres1 sev]al y>ds f ! gr\nd2 ^! cont9ually gr[ ?ick] till !y rea* ! surface2 & !re /rik+ 91 !y increase to l>ge trunks1 & become p>5t trees1 %oot+ out new bran*es f ! top2 ^! at l5g? susp5d _! roots1 :i*1 swell+ into trunks1 produce o!r bran*es3 ?us cont9u+ 9 a /ate ( progression z long z ! e>?1 ! fir/ p>5t ( !m all1 contributes h] su/5ance4 ,! ,h9doos are peculi>ly fond ( ?is tree2 !y view x z an emblem ( ! ,deity1 f its long duration1 out/ret*+ arms1 & ov]%ad[+ b5efic5ce2 !y almo/ pay x div9e honors1 & 8,f9d a fane 9 e sacr$ grove40 ,ne> ^! trees ! mo/ e/eem$ pagodas are g5]ally erect$2 "u _! %ade ! brahm9s sp5d _! lives 9 religi\s solitude2 & ! natives ( all ca/s & tribes are fond ( recreat+ 9 ! cool recesses1 beautiful walks1 & lovely vi/as ( ?is umbrage\s canopy1 imp]vi\s to ! hotte/ beams ( a tropical sun4 ,a description ( a tree 9 ! isl& ( ,java1 call$ ! ,upas1 or ,poison ,tree1 is giv5 to ! public by a surgeon belong+ to ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,india ,company1 ( ! "n ( ,fo]s*1 :o 0 /ation$ at ,batavia1 9 ! ye> #aggd4 ,surpris+ its ?is acc\nt may be1 x is accompani$ by s _m public facts1 & names ( p]sons & places1 t x is some:at difficult to conceive x fabul\s4 ,! ,upas gr[s ab\t sev5 leagues f ,batavia1 9 a pla9 surr\nd$ by rocky m\nta9s1 ! :ole ( :i* pla91 conta9+ a circle ( t5 or twelve miles r\nd ! tree1 is totally b>r54 ,no?+ t brea!s or vegetates c live )9 its influ5ce4 ,! bird t flies ov] x drops d[n dead4 ,! bea/ t w&]s into x expires4 ,! :ole dreadful area is cov]$ ) s&1 ov] :i* lie scatt]$ loose fl9ts & :it5$ bones1 ,?us1 8,fi]ce 9 dread sil5ce on ! bla/$ hea?1 ,fell ,upas sits60 ,?is tree may be call$ ! emp]or's great milit>y magaz9e4 ,9 a solution ( ! poison\s gum :i* exudes f x1 8 arr[s & (f5sive weapons are dipp$2 ! procur+1 !re=e1 ( ?is poison\s gum1 is a matt] ( z mu* att5tion z ( difficulty4 ,crim9als are only employ$ 9 ?is dreadful s]vice4 ,( ^!1 sev]al e ye> are s5t ) a promise ( p>don & rew>d if !y procure x4 ,hood$ 9 lea!r cases1 ) glass eyelet-holes1 & secur$ z mu* z possible f ! f\l effluvia ( ! air !y are to brea!1 !y und]take ?is melan*oly j\rney1 travell+ always ) ! w9d4 ,ab\t "o 9 t5 escapes1 & br+s away a little box ( ?is direful commodity6 ,e "o skill$ 9 natural hi/ory kn[s1 t ! mimos1 or s5sitive plants1 close _! leaves1 & b5d _! jo9ts1 on ! lea/ t\*4 ,?is is truly a/oni%+3 b hi!rto no end or design ( nature has appe>$ f ^! motions2 !y soon recov] !mselves1 & ! leaves are exp&$ z be=e4 ,dion ,muscipula1 or ,v5us's ,fly ,trap1 is a newly discov]$ s5sitive plant2 & %[s t nature may h "s view t[>ds its n\ri%m5t1 9 =m+ ! upp] jo9t ( its leaf l a ma*9e to cat* food4 ,^u ! middle ( ?is lies ! bait = ! unhappy insect t becomes its prey4 ,_m m9ute r$ gl&s1 t cov] its inn] surface1 & :i*1 p]haps1 dis*>ge "s sweet liquor1 tempt ! poor animal to ta/e !m2 & ! in/ant ^! t5d] plants are irritat$ by its feet1 ! two lobes rise up1 grasp x fa/1 lock ! two r[s ( sp9es toge!r1 & squeeze x to dea?4 ,fur!r1 le/ ! /rong ef=ts = life1 9 ! creature ?us tak51 %\ld s]ve to dis5gage x1 ?ree small erect sp9es are fix$ ne> ! middle ( ea* lobe among ! gl&s1 t effectually put an end to all its /ruggles4 ,nor d ! lobes ev] op5 aga91 :ile ! dead animal cont9ues !re4 ,b x is nev]!less c]ta9 t ! plant _c di/+ui% betwe5 an animal & a m9]al sub/ance2 = if we introduce a /raw1 or a p91 betwe5 ! lobes1 x w grasp x full z fa/ z if x 7 an insect4 ,?is plant gr[s 9 ,am]ica1 9 wet %ady places1 & fl[]s 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,! l>ge/ leaves are ab\t ?ree in*es long1 & an in* & a half across ! lobes3 ! gl&s ( ^? expos$ to ! sun are ( a beautiful r$ color2 b ^? 9 ! %ade are pale1 & incl9+ to gre54 ,! roots are squam\s1 s5d+ =? few fibres1 & are p]5nial4 ,! leaves are num]\s1 incl9+ to b5d d[nw>ds1 & are plac$ 9 a circul> ord]2 !y are jo9t$ & succul5t2 ! l[] jo9t1 :i* is a k9d ( /alk1 is flat1 longi%1 two-edg$1 & incl9+ to he>t-%ap$4 ,9 "s v>ieties1 !y are s]rat$ on ! edges ne> ! top4 ,! upp] jo9t consi/s ( two lobes1 ea* lobe is ( a semi-oval =m1 ) _! m>g9s furni%$ ) /iff hairs1 l eye-br[s1 :i* embrace or lock 9 ea* o!r :5 !y are inw>dly irritat$4 ,! upp] surfaces ( ^! lobes are cov]$ ) small r$ gl&s1 ea* ( :i* appe>s1 :5 highly magnifi$1 l a compress$ arbutus b]ry4 ,among ! gl&s1 ab\t ! middle ( ea* lobe1 are ?ree v small erect sp9es4 ,:5 ! lobes enclose any sub/ance1 !y nev] op5 aga9 :ile x cont9ues !re4 ,if x c be %ov$ out1 s z n to /ra9 ! lobes1 !y exp& aga92 b if =ce is us$ to op5 !m1 s /rong has nature =m$ ! spr+ ( _! fibres1 t "o ( ! lobes w g5]ally snap (f1 r ?an yield4 ,! /alk is ab\t six in*es high1 r\nd1 smoo?1 & )\t leaves1 end+ 9 a spike ( fl[]s4 ,! fl[]s are milk-:ite1 & /&1 on foot /alks1 at ! bottom ( :i* is a little pa9t$ bractea1 or fl[]-leaf4 ,!re is n an article 9 botany m admirable ?an a contrivance1 visible 9 _m plants1 to take advantage ( good wea!r1 & to protect !mselves aga9/ bad4 ,!y op5 & close _! fl[]s & leaves 9 diff]5t circum/ances2 "s close be=e sun-set1 "s aft]2 "s op5 to receive ra91 "s close to avoid x4 ,! petals ( _m fl[]s exp& 9 ! sun2 b contract at night1 or on ! approa* ( ra94 ,aft] ! se$s are fecundat$1 ! petals no long] contract4 ,all ! trefoils may s]ve z a b>omet] to ! husb&man2 !y always contract _! leaves on an imp5d+ /orm4 ,"s plants foll[ ! sun1 o!rs turn f x4 ,_m plants1 on ! sun's recess1 v>y ! position ( _! leaves1 :i* is /yl$1 ! sleep ( plants4 ,a s+ul> plant 0 lately discov]$ 9 ,b5gal4 ,its leaves are 9 cont9ual motion all day long2 b :5 night approa*es2 !y fall d[n f an erect po/ure to re/4#aja ,a plant has a p[] ( direct+ its roots = procur+ food4 ,! r$ :ortle-b]ry1 a l[ ev]gre5 plant1 gr[s naturally on ! tops ( our highe/ hills1 among /ones & gravel4 ,?is %rub 0 plant$ 9 an edg+ to a ri* bord]1 "u a fruit wall4 ,9 two or ?ree ye>s x ov]-ran ! adjo9+ deep-laid gravel walk1 & seem$ to fly f ! bord]1 9 :i* n a runn] appe>$4 ,an ef=t to come at food1 9 a bad situation1 is extremely rem>kable1 9 ! foll[+ in/ance4 ,among ! ru9s ( ,new ,abbey1 =m]ly a mona/]y 9 ,gall[ay1 !re gr[s on ! top ( a wall1 a plane tree1 ab\t tw5ty feet high4 ,/rait5$ = n\ri%m5t 9 t b>r5 situation1 x sev]al ye>s ago direct$ roots d[n ! side ( ! wall1 till !y rea*$ ! gr\nd t5 feet bel[2 & n[ ! n\ri%m5t x af=d$ to ^? roots dur+ ! "t ( _! desc5d+1 is amply repaid1 hav+ e ye>1 s9ce t "t1 made vigor\s %oots4 ,f ! top ( ! wall to ! surface ( ! e>? ^! roots h n ?r[n out a s+le fibre1 b are n[ unit$ 9 a s+le root4 ,plants1 :5 =c$ f _! natural position1 are end[$ ) ! p[] to re/ore !mselves4 ,a hop-plant1 twi/+ r\nd a /ick1 directs its c\rse f s\? to we/1 z ! sun does4 ,untwi/ x1 & tie x 9 ! opposite direction1 x dies4 ,leave x loose 9 ! wrong direction1 x recov]s its natural direction 9 a s+le night4 ,twi/ ! bran* ( a tree1 s z to inv]t its leaves1 & fix x 9 t position1 if left 9 any degree loose1 x untwi/s itself gradually1 till ! leaves be re/or$ to _! natural position4 ,:at bett] c an animal d = its welf>e8 ,a root ( a tree meet+ ) a dit* 9 its progress1 is laid op5 to ! air4 ,:at foll[s8 ,x alt]s its c\rse1 l a rational be+1 dips into ! gr\nd1 surr\nds ! dit*1 rises on ! opposite side to its wont$ di/ance f ! surface1 & !n proce$s 9 its orig9al direction4 ,lay a wet sponge ne> a root laid op5 to ! air2 ! root w direct its c\rse to ! sponge4 ,*ange ! place ( ! sponge2 ! root v>ies its direction4 ,?ru/ a pole into ! gr\nd at a mod]ate di/ance f a climb+ plant2 ! plant directs its c\rse to ! pole1 lays hold ( x1 & rises on x to its natural height4 ,a honeysuckle proce$s 9 its c\rse till x be too long = support+ its weight2 & !n /r5g!ns itself by %oot+ into a spiral4 ,if x meet ) ano!r plant ( ! same k9d1 !y coalesce = mutual support1 ! "o screw+ to ! "r1 ! o!r to ! left4 ,! clasp]s ( briony %oot into a spiral1 & lay hold ( :atev] comes 9 _! way = support4 ,if1 aft] complet+ a spiral ( ?ree r\nds1 !y meet ) no?+1 !y try aga91 by alt]+ _! c\rse4 ,by comp>+ ^! & o!r in/ances ( seem+ volunt>y motion 9 plants1 ) t %>e ( life :]e) "s ( ! inf]ior k9d ( animals are end[$1 we c sc>ce hesitate at ascrib+ ! sup]iority to ! =m]3 t is1 putt+ s5sation out ( ! "q4 ,muscles1 = in/ance1 are fix$ to "o place z mu* z plants are2 nor h !y any p[] ( motion1 besides t ( op5+ & %utt+ _! %ells2 & 9 ?is respect1 !y h no sup]iority ov] ! motion ( ! s5sitive plant3 nor does _! action discov] m sagacity1 or ev5 s mu*1 z ! roots ( ! plane tree1 m5tion$ by ,"l ,kames4#ajb ,beckmann's ,hi/ory ( ,inv5tions & ,discov]ies pres5ts u ) an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ,kit*5 ,vegetables & ,g>d5 ,fl[]s1 collect$ f num]\s au?orities2 "s p>ts ( :i* ,i %all n[ transcribe1 & incorporate ) in=mation d]iv$ f o!r s\rces4 ,our =eign kit*5 vegetables h1 = ! mo/ "p1 be5 procur$ f ! s\!rn c\ntries1 b *iefly f ,italy2 & ! numb] ( !m has rapidly increas$1 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ two c5turies4 ,_m ( !m require labori\s att5tion to make !m ?rive 9 our climate4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "s gr[ s readily1 & increase s mu* )\t culture1 ev5 9 ! op5 fields1 t !y h become l indig5\s we$s1 z is ! case ) hops1 :i* at pres5t ab\nd 9 our h$ges4 ,"s plants1 h[ev]1 bo? indig5\s & =eign1 :i* 7 =m]ly rais$ by art & us$ at ! table1 are no long] cultivat$1 because we h become acqua9t$ ) o!rs m b5eficial4 ,among _m :i* 7 =m]ly cultivat$1 b at pres5t are no long] e/eem$1 are ! foll[+4 ,w9t]-cresses1 erysimum b>b>ea2 common alex&]1 smyrnium olosatrum1 :i* 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 us$ in/ead ( cel]y2 bulb\s *rophyllum1 ! roots ( :i* are /ill br\ght to m>ket at ,vi5na1 :]e !y are boil$ & eat5 z salad4 ,rampion1 phyteuma spicata1 0 =m]ly us$ 9 l mann]4 ,! e>? nut1 ! tub]\s roots ( ! la?yrus tub]osus1 :i* gr[s wild 9 _m p>ts ( ,g]many1 is /ill cultivat$ 9 ,holl& & 9 "s di/ricts on ! ,rh9e4 ,rocket1 brassica eruca1 9 ,italian1 ru*ette1 ! "y leaves ( :i* 7 eat5 by our =efa!rs z salad1 & is /ill reta9$ 9 ,italy4 ,& !re are sev]al o!rs ei!r b imp]fectly kn[n or little reg>d$4 ,among ! kit*5 vegetables ( :i* no c]ta9 traces are to be f\nd 9 ! works ( ! anci5ts1 is sp9age1 sp9acea ol]acea4 ,its native c\ntry is unkn[n2 b ! "n is new1 & c]ta9ly d]iv$ f ! nature ( its prickly se$s4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 x fir/ occurs 9 ! ye> #acea1 among ! food us$ by ! monks on fa/-days2 & at t "t x 0 writt5 sp9agium or sp9a*ium4 ,! anci5ts 7 acqua9t$ ) curl$ cabbages1 & ev5 ) "s ( ^? k9ds :i* we call broccoli4 ,"u ?is t]m is und]/ood all ^? species1 ! num]\s "y fl[] heads ( :i*1 p>ticul>ly 9 spr+ & autumn1 c be us$ l caulifl[]s4 ,! broccoli us$ at pres5t 0 h[ev] fir/ br\ght f ,italy to ,france1 toge!r ) ! "n1 ab\t ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,our caulifl[]1 ab\t ! same "t1 0 fir/ br\ght f ! ,levant to ,italy2 & 9 ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 transplant$ !nce to ,g]many4 ,= a long "t ! se$s 7 procur$ annually f ,cyprus1 ,c&ia1 & ,con/ant9ople1 by ! ,v5etians & ,g5oese1 :o s5t !m to e "p ( ,europe1 because at t "t ! art ( rais+ se$ 0 n und]/ood4 ,! se$s ( caulifl[]s 7 br\ght f ,italy to ,antw]p1 :]e no se$ 0 rais$1 or su* only z produc$ deg5]ate plants4 ,prosp] ,alp9us1 9 ! ye> #aehh1 f\nd abundance ( ?is vegetable 9 ,egypt1 & f 8 acc\nt !re is reason to conjecture x 0 !n v little kn[n 9 ,europe4 ,conrad ,gesn] seems n to h be5 acqua9t$ ) x2 at any rate x is n m5tion$ by him 9 a li/ ( ! cabbage k9d ( plants4 ,ev5 9 ! "t ( ,bauh91 x mu/ h belong$ to ^? vegetables :i* 7 sc>ce2 because he has be5 s p>ticul> 9 nam+ ! g>d5 9 :i* he saw x4 ,von ,hohb]g1 :o wrote ab\t #afhb1 says t caulifl[]1 a few ye>s be=e1 _h be5 br\ght to ,g]many = ! fir/ "t4--,x w\ld be difficult to def9e all ! species ( ! cabbage k9d1 ! leaves & fl[]s ( :i* 7 us$ by ! anci5ts z food2 b x w\ld be a task /ill m ardu\s to det]m9e ^? t h escul5t roots4 ,potatoes 7 fir/ import$ into ,europe1 9 ! ye> #aefe1 by ,hawk9s1 f ,santa-,fe1 ,new ,mexico1 ,spani% ,am]ica4 ,!y 7 plant$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,irel&1 by ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 :o _h an e/ate 9 t k+dom4 ,! natural hi/ory ( ! potatoe 0 s little und]/ood1 t a total ignorance :i* "p ( ! plant 0 ! prop] food1 _h ne>ly ru9$ any fur!r att5tion t[>ds its cultivation4 ,= p]ceiv+ gre5 apples appe> on ! /ems1 ^! 7 fir/ suppos$ to be ! fruit2 b on be+ boil$1 & f9d+ !m unpalatable1 or r nause\s1 ,raleigh 0 disgu/$ ) 8 acquisition1 nor ?\ght any m ( cultivat+ ?is plant4 ,accid5t1 h[ev]1 discov]$ ! real fruit1 ow+ to ! gr\nd be+ turn$ ov]1 ?r\gh necessity1 t v season2 & to 8 surprise1 a pl5tiful crop 0 f\nd "u gr\nd1 :i* be+ boil$1 prov$ n\ri%+ to ! /oma*1 & grateful to ! ta/e4 ,on its utility be+ kn[n1 its cultivation became g5]al ?r\gh ,irel&4 ,x f\nd its way to ?is k+dom1 & 0 fir/ plant$ on ! we/]n coa/1 9 consequ5ce ( a vessel conta9+ "s potatoes1 be+ wreck$ at ! village ( ,=mby1 9 ,lanca%ire2 a place /ill fam$ = ?is excell5t vegetable4 ,asp>agus 0 fir/ plant$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! ye> #affb1 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,arti*okes 7 fir/ introduc$ ab\t ! same "t4 ,cos lettuces 7 orig9ally br\ght f ! isl& ( ,cos1 ne> ,rhodes1 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,turnips 7 br\ght into ?is c\ntry f ,hanov]4 ,9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 sev]al k9ds ( fruits & plants 7 cultivat$ 9 ,engl&1 z apricots1 & a f9e gooseb]ry f ,fl&]s2 also salads1 c>rots1 & o!r edible roots4 ,^! vegetables 7 be=e ?is p]iod import$ f ,holl& & ,fl&]s4 ,s t ,que5 ,ca!r9e1 to procure a salad1 _h to dispat* a mess5g] to fet* x f ^? c\ntries4 ,fruit seems to h be5 sc>ce 9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 ,9 an orig9al manuscript1 sign$ by himself1 & kept 9 ! ,remembrance (fice1 x appe>s t apples 7 n less ?an "o or two %ill+s ea*1 & t a r$ "o co/ two %ill+s4 ,! great pl5ty & v>iety ( vegetables display$ ^u mod]n tables1 ?r\gh e mon? 9 ! ye>1 evid5tly %[s :at sup]ior bless+s we enjoy1 9 ?is respect1 comp>$ ) ^? ( our =efa!rs4 ,"s ( ! fl[]s introduc$ into our g>d5s1 & n[ cultivat$ ei!r on acc\nt ( _! beauty1 or ! pleasantness ( _! smell1 h be5 procur$ f plants :i* grew wild1 & :i* h be5 *ang$1 or1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( flori/s1 improv$ by ! art ( ! g>d5]4 ,! great] "p ( !m h[ev] came orig9ally f di/ant c\ntries1 :]e !y gr[ 9 z great p]fection z ours1 )\t ! assi/ance ( man4 ,x is probable t ! mod]n ta/e = fl[]s came f ,p]sia to ,con/ant9ople1 & 0 import$ !nce to ,europe = ! fir/ "t1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,at any rate1 _m ( ! productions ( our fl[]-g>d5s 7 convey$ to u by t *annel4 ,clusius & 8 fri5ds1 9 p>ticul>1 contribut$ v mu* to excite ?is ta/e2 & ! new plants br\ght f bo? ! ,indies by travell]s :o frequ5tly visit$ ^! c\ntries1 t5d$ to increase x4 ,t p]iod also produc$ "s skilful g>d5]s1 :o c>ri$ on a consid]able trade 9 ! roots & se$s ( fl[]s2 & ^!1 likewise assi/$ to r5d] x m g5]al4 ,among ^! 7 ,john & ,vespasian ,rob91 g>d5]s to ,h5ry ,,iv1 ( ,france1 & ,emanuel ,swe]t1 g>d5] to ! emp]or ,rodolphus ,,ii1 f :om ! botani/s ( t "t procur$ _m r>ities1 z appe>s f diff]5t passages ( _! works4 ,simon de ,tov>1 a ,spani% physician1 br\ght ! tub]ose to ,europe be=e ! ye> #aeid f ! ,ea/ ,indies1 :]e x gr[s wild 9 ,java & ,ceylon1 & s5t "s roots ( x to ,b>n>d ,paludanus1 :o fir/ made ?is fl[] publicly kn[n1 9 8 annotations on ,l9s*ot5's voyage4 ,! full tub]oses 7 fir/ procur$ f se$ by "o ,le ,c\r1 at ,leyd51 :o kept !m sc>ce = "s ye>s1 by de/roy+ ! roots4 ,! propagation ( !m 9 mo/ c\ntries is att5d$ ) difficulties3 b 9 ,italy1 ,sicily1 & ,spa91 x requires no tr\ble2 & at pres5t ! ,g5oese s5d a great _m roots to ,engl&1 ,holl&1 & ,g]many4 ,! olde/ botani/s class$ !m among ! hyac9?s1 & _! mod]n "n polian!s tub]ose 0 giv5 !m by ,l9nu 9 8 ,hortus ,clif=tianus4 ,! auricula1 primula auricula1 gr[s wild among ! long moss cov]$ ) sn[1 on ! conf9es ( ,switz]l& & ,/ey]m>k1 :5ce x 0 br\ght to our g>d5s1 :]e1 by art & accid5t1 x has produc$ m v>ieties ?an any o!r species ( fl[]4 ,i d n "k :o fir/ transplant$ x f its native soil4 ,plu*e says only t "s roots 7 pull$ up by ,walloon m]*ants1 & c>ri$ to ,brussels4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is c]ta91 t x 0 fir/ cultivat$ ) c>e by ! ,flem+s1 :o 7 v successful 9 propagat+ x4 ,9 ! "t ( ,clusius1 mo/ ( ! v>ieties ( ! auricula 7 sc>ce4 ,! common fritill>y1 or *equ]$ lily1 fritill>ia meleagris1 0 fir/ obs]v$ 9 "s p>ts ( ,france1 ,hung>y1 ,italy1 & o!r w>m c\ntries1 & introduc$ into g>d5s ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,at fir/ x 0 call$ lilium v>iegatum2 b ,noel ,capp]on1 an apo!c>y at ,orleans1 :o collect$ a great _m sc>ce plants1 gave x ! "n ( fritill>ia1 because ! r$ or r$di%-br[n spots ( ! fl[] =m regul> squ>es4 ,x 0 fir/ call$ meleagris by ,dodonu1 because ! fea!rs ( t f[l are v>iegat$ almo/ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! roots ( ! magnific5t cr[n imp]ial1 fritill>ia imp]ialis1 7 ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury br\ght f ,p]sia to ,con/ant9ople1 & 7 c>ri$ !nce to ! ,emp]or's g>d5 at ,vi5na1 f :i* !y 7 disp]s$ all ov] ,europe4 ,?is fl[] 0 fir/ kn[n by ! ,p]sian "n tusac1 until ! ,italians gave x t ( corona imp]ialis1 or cr[n imp]ial4 ,x has be5 imag9$ t ! figure ( x is to be f\nd repres5t$ on ! co9s ( ,h]od1 & t1 on ?is acc\nt1 x has be5 consid]$ z ! lily s mu* celebrat$ 9 ! ,scripture4 ,! ,p]sian lily1 fritill>ia ,p]sica1 :i* is ne>ly relat$ to x1 0 made kn[n almo/ ab\t ! same "t4 ,! bulbs or roots 7 br\ght f ,susa to ,con/ant9ople1 & = t reason x 0 =m]ly call$ lilium ,susianum4 ,african & ,fr5* m>igolds1 tagetes erecta & patula1 are indig5\s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 7 kn[n to botani/s "u ! "n ( c>yophillus ,indicus1 f :i* is d]iv$ ! ,fr5* appellation illet d' ,inde4 ,cordus calls !m1 f _! native c\ntry1 tanacetum ,p]uvianum4 ,among ! mo/ beautiful ornam5ts ( our g>d5s1 is ! bella-donna lily1 am>yllis =mosissima1 ! fl[] ( :i*1 compos$ ( six petals1 is ( a deep r$ color1 & 9 a /rong light1 or :5 ! sun %9es ^u x1 has an agreeable yell[ lu/re l gold4 ,! fir/ roots ( x ev] se5 9 ,europe 7 procur$ 9 #aeic1 on bo>d a %ip :i* _h return$ f ,s\? ,am]ica1 by ,simon de ,tov>1 a physician at ,seville4 ,9 ! ye> foll[+1 he s5t a description ( ?is fl[] to ,clusius2 & z he _h at ! same "t transmitt$ "s roots to ,b]n>d ,paludanus1 & c\nt d',aremb]g1 ! =m] s5t a dri$ fl[]1 & ! latt] an accurate draw+ ( x1 to ,clusius1 :o publi%$ x 9 #afja4 ,"o ( ! ,rob9s gave1 9 #afjh1 a l>g] & m correct figure1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds copi$ by ,bry1 ,p>k9son1 & ,rudbeck2 b a complete description1 ) a good engrav+1 0 publi%$ 9 #agdb1 by ,l9nu1 :o 9 #agcg gave to t g5us ! "n by :i* !y are kn[n at pres5t4 ,tov> receiv$ x f ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e x 0 f\nd by ,plumi] & ,b>r]e1 & at a lat] p]iod by ,?i]y de ,m5onville4 ,at fir/ x 0 class$ ) ! n>cissus1 & x 0 aft]w>ds call$ lilio-n>cissus1 because its fl[] resembl$ t ( ! lily1 & its roots ^? ( ! n>cissus4 ,x 0 nam$ flos-,jacobu1 because "s imag9$ t !y discov]$ 9 x a lik5ess to ! badge ( ! knights ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,james 9 ,spa91 ^: f\nd]1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 c\ld n inde$ h be5 acqua9t$ ) ?is beautiful am>yllis4 ,ano!r species ( ?is g5us is ! ,gu]nsey lily1 am>yllis ,s>ni5sis1 :i* 9 ! magnific5ce ( its fl[] is n inf]ior to ! =m]4 ,?is plant 0 br\ght f ,japan1 :]e x 0 f\nd by ,kmpf]1 & also by ,?unb]g1 dur+ 8 travels "s ye>s ago 9 t c\ntry4 ,x 0 fir/ cultivat$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 9 ! g>d5 ( ,john ,mor91 at ,p>is1 :]e x fl[]$1 = ! fir/ "t1 on ! #g? ( ,octob]1 #afcd4 ,x 0 !n made kn[n by ,jacob ,cornutus1 "u ! "n ( n>cissus ,japonicus flore rutilo4 ,aft] ?is x 0 aga9 notic$ by ,john ,ray1 an ,engli%man1 9 #affe1 :o call$ x ! ,gu]nsey lily1 :i* "n x /ill v prop]ly be>s4 ,a %ip return+ f ,japan 0 wreck$ on ! coa/ ( ,gu]nsey1 & a numb] ( ! bulbs ( ?is plant1 :i* 7 on bo>d1 be+ ca/ on %ore1 took root 9 t s&y soil4 ,z !y soon increas$1 & produc$ beautiful fl[]s1 !y 7 obs]v$ by ! inhabitants1 & engag$ ! att5tion ( ,mr4 ,hatton1 ! gov]nor's son1 ^: botanical k is highly spok5 ( by ,ray1 & :o s5t roots ( !m to sev]al ( 8 fri5ds :o 7 fond ( cultivat+ curi\s plants4 ,( ?is elegant fl[] ,dr4 ,d\glass gave a description & figure 9 a small treatise publi%$ 9 #agbe1 :i* is quot$ by ,l9nu 9 8 ,biblio!ca1 b n by ,hall]4 ,( ! num]\s g5us ( ! ranunculus1 flori/s1 to speak 9 a botanical s5se1 h obta9$ a ?\s& diff]5t k9ds2 =1 accord+ to ! mann] 9 :i* !y are di/+ui%$ by g>d5]s1 ! v>ieties increase almo/ e summ]4 ,! pr9cipal "p ( !m1 h[ev]1 & ^? mo/ e/eem$1 7 br\ght to u f ! ,levant4 ,"s 7 c>ri$ f t "p ( ! _w s e>ly z 9 ! "t ( ! crusades2 b mo/ ( !m h be5 introduc$ into ,europe f ,con/ant9ople s9ce ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 p>ticul>ly ! ,p]sian ranunculus1 ! v>ieties ( :i*1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 hold at pres5t ! fir/ rank4 ,clusius describes bo? ! s+le & ! full fl[]s z new r>ities4 ,?is fl[] 0 9 ! highe/ repute dur+ ! "t ( ,mahomet ,,iv4 ,8 ,gr& ,vizir1 ,c>a ,mu/apha1 well kn[n by 8 hatr$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians & ! siege ( ,vi5na1 9 #afhc1 wi%+ to turn ! ,sultan's ?\ghts to "s mild] amusem5t ?an t ( ! *ase1 = :i* he _h a /rong passion1 div]t$ 8 att5tion to fl[]s2 &1 z he rem>k$ t ! ,emp]or pref]r$ ! ranunculus to all o!rs1 he wrote to ! diff]5t ,pa*as ?r\gh\t ! :ole k+dom to s5d him se$s or roots ( ! mo/ beautiful k9ds4 ,! ,pa*as ( ,c&ia1 ,cyprus1 ,aleppo1 & ,rhodes1 paid mo/ reg>d to ?is reque/2 & ! elegant fl[]s :i* !y transmitt$ to c\rt 7 %ut up 9 ! s]aglio z un=tunate (f]+s to ! voluptu\sness ( ! ,sultan1 till "s ( !m1 by ! =ce ( money1 7 at l5g? fre$ f _! imprisonm5t4 ,! ambassadors f ! ,european c\rts1 9 p>ticul>1 made x _! bus9ess to procure roots ( z _m k9ds z !y c\ld1 :i* !y s5t to _! diff]5t sov]eigns4 ,m>seilles1 :i* at t p]iod c>ri$ on ! greate/ trade to ! ,levant1 receiv$ on ?is acc\nt ^! fl[]s v e>ly2 & a p]son !re1 ( ! "n ( ,malaval is said to h contribut$ v mu* to disp]se !m all ov] ,europe4 ,"s ( our mo/ common fl[]+ %rubs h be5 long introduc$ into ! g>d5s3 ! bay-tree has be5 cultivat$ m ?an two c5turies2 x is m5tion$ by ,tuss]1 9 ! li/ ( g>d5 plants ins]t$ 9 8 "w call$1 8,five ,hundr$ ,po9ts ( ,good ,husb&ry10 pr9t$ 9 #aegc4 ,! laurel 0 introduc$ by ,cole1 a m]*ant at ,hamp/ead1 "s ye>s be=e #afbi1 :5 ,p>k9son publi%$ 8 ,p>adisus ,t]re/ris1 & at t "t we _h 9 our g>d5s oranges1 myrtles ( ?ree sorts1 lauri/9us1 cypress1 phyllyrea1 alat]nus1 arbuttus2 a cactus1 br\ght f ,b]muda1 & ! passion-fl[]1 :i* la/ _h fl[]$ "h1 & %[$ a rem>kable peculi>ity1 by ris+ f ! gr\nd ne> a mon? soon]1 if a se$l+ plant1 ?an if x grew f roots br\ght f ,virg9ia4 ,cru/ ( ! ,e>?4 ,9 ! prec$+ section ! ,au?or has notic$ ! sup]ficies ( ! e>? pr9cipally2 z its inequalities because ( seas1 lakes1 riv]s1 m\nta9s1 vallies1 c4 ,! rocky1 & e>?y masses & /rata1 :i* cov] ! nucleus ( our globe1 are sc>cely m5tion$ at all4 ,:e!r ! c5tral p>ts ( ! e>? be solid1 s(t1 or holl[1 & fill$ ) gase\s matt]1 is n ! subject ( enquiry "h3 b ! composition & arrangem5t ( ! solid cru/ ( ! planet come "u consid]ation4 ,z x reg>ds ! composition ( ! cru/ ( ! e>? consid]$ pr9cipally1 x consi/s ( metallic oxides4 ,! bases ( ! diff]5t e>?s are well kn[n to be metals4 ,! metal call$ ,silicon1 is ! base ( silex or fl9t--,alum9um is ! metallic base ( pure clay--,calcium1 ( lime--,magnesium1 ( magnesia--,potasium1 ( pota%1 c4 ,iron1 also1 ent]s l>gely into ! composition2 & soda1 ^: metallic base is sodium1 =ms a consid]able portion4 ,^! bases1 at _! creation1 exi/$ 9 an uncomb9$ /ate1 z did all ! elem5t>y sub/ances4 ,:5 !y ent]$ into comb9ation ) oxyg5 !y became e>?s1 :i* are simple metallic oxides1 :i* readily comb9e ) ! acids1 9 :i* comb9ation !y are g5]ally se51 ?\gh n always1 at ! e>?'s surface2 z c>bonate ( lime1 or common lime/one2 ! composition ( :i* is calcium1 oxyg51 & c>bonic acid4 ,rocks ( ! silici\s family are n consid]$ e>?y salts1 ?\gh1 occasionally1 !y may conta9 a small p] c5t4 ( acid4 ,!y are call$ e>?y comp\nds4 ,granite is an in/ance2 compos$ ( feldsp>1 qu>tz1 & mica4 ,gneiss1 & mica slate are ( simil> composition1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t proportions1 & "u diff]5t arrangem5ts4 ,x w readily occur to ! read] t !re are "s o!r e>?s1 & o!r sub/ances also1 z ! acids1 & gases1 :i* ent] into ! composition ( ! e>?'s cru/1 ?\gh 9 small proportions1 &1 !re=e1 are n consid]$ pr9cipal +r$i5ts1 & h5ce n notic$ 9 ?is g5]al sket*4 ,! rocky1 or /ony sub/ances1 compos$ ( ! above elem5ts1 "u ! influ5ce ( *emical aff9ities1 & o!r pr9ciples1 are f\nd 9 cry/all9e1 /ratifi$1 amorph\s1 & aggregate masses4 ,! position1 /ructure1 & cont5ts ( ^! masses w develope ! natural hi/ory ( ! solid cru/ ( our ,e>?4 ,9 ord] to facilitate ?is developm5t1 ! rocks h be5 divid$1 accord+ to _! age into1 #a4 ,primitive ,rocks4 ,^! 7 deposit$ fir/1 z is evid5t f _! position1 be+ ! l[e/ ( all ! rocks4 ,_! "n indicates _! relative age4 #b4 ,transition ,rocks4 ,^! rocks are deposit$ imm$iately above ! primitive1 ( c\rse subsequ5tly to !m4 ,!y are call$ transition rocks1 because !y 7 deposit$ z ! e>? 0 pass+ f an un9habitable to a habitable /ate1 z is evid5t f ! fact t !y conta9 ! fir/ traces ( organiz$ be+ imb$d$ 9 !m4 #c4 ,second>y ,rocks4 ,^! are deposit$ next 9 succession to ! transition rocks1 & m>k a ?ird gr& geological epo*1 by be+ almo/ altoge!r a me*anical deposition1 & lie horizontally :5 9 situ1 & conta9 an increase ( organic rema9s1 bo? 9 quantity & v>iety4 #d4 ,t]ti>y ,rocks4 ,^! d]ive _! "n f _! succession to ! second>y1 & ( c\rse m>k ! f\r? geological epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! arrangem5t ( ! e>?'s cru/1 :i* complet$ its r$emption f ! abyss ( wat]s1 & fitt$ x = ! habitation ( man4 ,?is division ( ! rocks designates ! ord] ( "t 9 :i* !y 7 successively deposit$1 z is evid5t f _! position4 ,consid]+ ^! rocks 9 situ1 !y may be reckon$ g5]al =mations1 ext5d$ all ar\nd ! globe 9 conc5tric circles1 z ! coats ( an onion ar\nd its c5tre1 9 ! ord] above /at$1 beg9n+ ) ! primitive rocks4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 well kn[n t fractures & dislocations prevail to a great ext5t1 ! result ( viol5ce subsequ5tly to ! deposition ( ^! rocks1 remov+ l>ge portions ( !m out ( place4 ,b ?is circum/ance ne$ n int]rupt ! gr& natural ord] ( ! con/ruction ( ! e>?'s cru/4 ,!re is also a class ( /ony sub/ances :i* foll[ no g5]al laws1 ei!r 9 reg>d to position1 =m1 or age4 ,^! are volcanic & igne\s productions ( e k9d2 z basalt1 lava1 c4 ,^! %all be m5tion$ subsequ5tly4 ,9 ! above rem>ks we h an outl9e ( ! /ructure ( ! cru/ ( ! e>?2 b 9 ord] to h a m satisfactory developm5t1 ! pr9cipal & di/9ctive features ( ! lead+ rock =mations mu/ be /at$ 9 ord]4 ,primitive ,rocks4 #a4 ,?is class occupies ! l[e/ position z a class1 yet ! individual rocks ( ?is class h a g5]al ord] ( position among !mselves4 ,granite is l[e/2 !n ,gneiss--,mica ,slate--,clay ,slate--,primitive ,lime/one--,porphyry--,si5ite--& ,gre5/one4 ,^! rocks are sometimes obs]v$ alt]nat+ ) ea* o!r1 & sometimes pass+ into ea* o!r4 ,b ^! circum/ances d n effect ! g5]al ord]4 ,:5 ! =mations are undi/urb$1 9 p5etrat+ !m we %\ld come to granite la/2 & x is univ]sally ! l[e/ ( all obs]v$ rock =mations4 #b4 ,?is class is g5]ally1 inde$ we may say1 univ]sally1 cry/all9e 9 its /ructure4 ,ea* integrant p>ticle is n a p]fect cry/al2 b ?r\gh\t ! mass !re is a p>tial cry/allization1 su* z w\ld be ! result ( an ef=t to cry/allize p]fectly1 "u a great pressure2 9 :i* case ! p>ticles w\ld mutually int]f]e ) ea* o!r4 ,! v fact ( ?is cry/allization implies fir/2 a prevail+ /ate ( unagitat$ solution ( ! cry/alliz+ mat]ials3 secondly3 t _! cry/allization 0 ! effect ( *emical action4 #c4 ,! primitive rocks conta9 no fragm5ts1 ei!r angul>1 or r\nd$ by attrition1 imb$d$ 9 !m2 simply because no rocks prec$$ !m1 & ( c\rse c\ld n be brok5 up4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 to be c>efully obs]v$1 t p]fect cry/als ( diff]5t k9ds are f\nd imb$d$ 9 primitive rocks4 ,:5 !y prevail to a great ext5t !y con/itute porphyritic rocks4 ,x is evid5t t ^! cry/als mu/ h be5 =m$ be=e ! consolidation ( ! includ+ rock1 & mu/ h be5 susp5d$ 9 ! solution :i* =m$ ! rock ^u cry/allization4 #d4 ,! primitive rocks conta9 no traces ( organiz$ bodies4 ,?is is an univ]sal *>act]i/ic1 & proves inconte/ibly t !y 7 =m$ previ\s to ! exi/5ce ( organiz$ be+s4 #e4 ,! primitive rocks are usually incl9$ at a high angle to ! horizon1 & frequ5tly are v]tical4 ,?is seems to be ! result ( cry/allization1 z me*anical deposition w\ld place !m horizontally1 hav+ ! g5]al be>+ ( ! curve ( ! e>?4 #f4 ,! pr9cipal primitive rocks are granite1 gneiss1 & mica slate4 ,!y are compos$ ( ! same mat]ials1 9 diff]5t proportions2 viz2 feldsp>1 qu>tz1 & mica4 ,^! ?ree m9]als con/itute granite1 :5 feldsp> is ! base1 & ! qu>tz is emb$d$ 9 a cry/all9e /ate1 & ! mica int]sp]s$ g5]ally4 ,!y con/itute gneiss1 :5 ! feldsp> decreases1 & ! mica increases1 & is arrang$ 9 lay]s4 ,!y compose mica slate1 :5 ! feldsp> almo/ disappe>s1 & ! mica & qu>tz are intimately unit$4 #g4 ,?\gh ! primitive rocks occupy ! l[e/ position 9 situ1 yet !y sometimes =m1 n only ! summits ( l(ty m\nta9s1 b sometimes ! m\nta9 mass itself1 & appe> at ! surface4 ,9 ^! cases x is evid5t t !y h be5 upheav$ by a =ce act+ b5ea?1 & =c+ !m ?r\gh ! sup]9cumb5t rocks1 :i* 7 r5t1 & glid$ d[n ! sides ( ! ris+ mass ( primitive rocks1 leav+ !m b>e & visible at ! summit4 ,9 ?is case ! rocks :i* 7 upp]mo/ be=e ! m\nta9 mass began to rise1 w\ld be f\nd at ! foot ( ! m\nta92 & ! rocks :i* 7 next to ! upp]mo/1 w\ld be f\nd imm$iately above !m1 recl9+ on ! side ( ! m\nta92 & ?us asc5d+ ?r\gh ! ages ( ! rocks to ! summit ( ! m\nta91 :]e we f9d ! primitive rock =mations con/itut+ its apex4 ,?is ph5om5a ( primitive rocks =m+ ! apices ( m\nta9s may be expla9$ diff]5tly4 ,! primitive rocks1 & o!r classes 9 succession1 may h be5 deposit$ 9 m\nta9 masses1 & ! upp] rocks be+ s(t] & m expos$1 h yield$ to ! ravages ( ! elem5ts1 & to ! demoli%+ =ce ( ! deluge1 & ?us laid ! primitive rocks b>e4 ,! fir/ seems to be ! mo/ probable supposition4 #h4 ,x is beyond a d\bt1 t 9 "s in/ances1 an upheav+ =ce has op]at$1 & elevat$ ! granitic summits ( m\nta9s2 & s p[]ful 0 ! upheav+ =ce t ! blocks ( granite h broke at ! apex ( ! elevation1 & "s ( !m hang ov] p]p5dicul>ly 9 awful gr&eur2 & o!rs h roll$ d[n ! sides f> into ! pla9s bel[4 ,?is !ory ( ! =mations ( "s ( ! pr9cipal m\nta9s w\ld be firmly e/abli%$ 9 e m9d1 if e "o c\ld h an opportunity ( inspect+ !m )\t prejudice4 ,! primitive rocks w\ld be se5 %oot+ up f ! c5tre ( ! m\nta91 into l(ty pyramidal elevations1 resembl+1 sometimes1 l(ty spires1 or cupolas2 & sometimes ! summit is r\nd$ (f z a dome4 ,! rocks are 9 a v]ticle position1 :i* proves !y c\ld n h be5 deposit$ !re f a /ate ( quiet repose4 ,sometimes two summits project f ! same common base1 hav+ an int]v5+ valley or depression betwe5 !m4 ,9 ?is case1 ! rocks :i* lay upp]mo/ be=e ! mass 0 upheav$1 ^u upheav+1 broke & glid$ d[n ! sides1 on :i* !y dep5d 9 magnific5t drap]y2 b ! portion ( !m :i* 0 situat$ betwe5 ! upris+ summits1 n be+ able to escape1 is f\nd 9 ! valley :i* is =m$ betwe5 ! peaks4 ,9 "s in/ances1 z ! mass is elevat+ itself x be>s up ^u x a l>ge mass ( ! ov]-lay+ rock1 :i* =ms ! apex ( ! m\nta91 cr[n+ x z a /ately ca/le cr[ns ! summit ( ! hill on :i* x is built4 ,9 ?is case ! cr[n+ mass is entirely diff]5t1 & p]fectly di/9ct f ! subjac5t mat]ials4 ,= "s fur!r rem>ks on ! /ructure1 & =mation ( m\nta9s1 & m\nta9 masses1 & ! deluge1 see ,!ory ( ! ,e>?1 end ( ,sect4 #b1 *ap4 iv4 #i4 ,z !re 0 a rapid & irresi/ible *emical action1 at a v high temp]ature1 go+ on dur+ ?is fir/ great geological p]iod1 & ! :ole globe 9 almo/ omnipot5t f]m5tation1 !re is no difficulty 9 acc\nt+ = ! irregul>ities1 contortions1 dislocations & fractures :i* we obs]ve 9 ! e>?4 ,?is :ole process 0 ant]ior to ! exi/5ce ( organiz$ be+4 ,transition ,rocks4 #a4 ,?is class 0 deposit$ subsequ5tly to ! primitive rocks1 & aft] !y _h consolidat$4 ,?is is evid5t f ! fact t1 9 _! natural ord]1 !y ov]lay ! primitive1 :i* c\ld n be ! case1 unless !y 7 deposit$ subsequ5tly1 any m ?an ! ro( ( ! h\se c\ld be put on be=e ! f\ndation 0 laid4 #b4 ,_! /ructure is evid5tly ! result bo? ( *emical action1 & me*anical deposition4 ,^! pr9ciples appe> to h act$ sometimes conjo9tly2 & at o!r times to h alt]nat$4 ,h5ce ! cry/allization is m imp]fect ?an 9 ! primitive1 & occasionally seems to disappe>4 #c4 ,f ! complex action "u :i* !y 7 deposit$1 !y are g5]ally1 nei!r v]ticle nor horizontal1 b incl9$ ab\t betwe5 ^! two positions4 #d4 ,!y 7 deposit$ z ! primitive *aotic ocean 0 subsid+1 & ! elevations ( ! new-born e>? _h rec5tly em]g$4 ,h5ce !y are f\nd next to ! summits ( ! primitive m\nta9s1 on _! flanks4 #e4 ,! transition rocks conta9 "s fragm5ts ( all ! primitive class4 ,?is w\ld be ! natural consequ5ce ( ! summits ( primitive rock =mations be+ expos$ to ! fury ( ! elem5ts2 :i* w\ld r5d portions ( !m1 & ?us deposit ! fragm5ts me*anically 9 ! floods subsid+ bel[ on ! flanks ( ! m\nta9s4 #f4 ,9 ^! rocks we meet ) ! fir/ traces ( organiz$ be+4 7,,silliman47 ,?is fact is irresi/ible pro( t ^! rocks 7 deposit$ subsequ5tly to ! exi/5ce ( ! enclos$ rema9s4 ,! probability is1 t ! animals & vegetables f\nd 9 transition rocks1 7 creat$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! transition p]iod1 & _! rema9s deposit$ z ! rocks 7 successively deposit$4 ,x is rem>kable t ^! organiz$ be+s belong$ to g5]a n[ ext9ct4 ,!y 7 ( an inf]ior class1 hav+ nei!r ! delicacy1 complexity1 or s5sibility ( ^? :i* we n[ see4 ,!y 7 crude1 & gross1 correspond+ to ! condition ( ! e>? at ! "t ( _! exi/5ce4 ,x is also evid5t t !y liv$1 & di$1 & 7 inhum$ 9 ! same places2 z !y pres5t1 g5]ally1 no m>ks ( viol5ce1 & _! mo/ delicate p>ts are well pres]v$4 ,^! organic rema9s occupy va/ di/ricts ( c\ntry1 & con/itute1 pr9cipally1 l>ge masses ( m>bles1 sometimes _m hundr$s ( feet 9 ! int]ior ( m\nta9s4 ,!y are id5tifi$ ) ! rock1 & frequ5tly imp>t to x its beauty4 #g4 ,! read] w readily p]ceive t ?is class ( rocks m>ks ! comm5cem5t ( s5sitive exi/5ce4 ,& x w\ld seem1 f an exam9ation ( fossil rema9s g5]ally1 t ! creation ( animals & vegetables 0 progressive1 produc$ ) /ructures & functions adapt$ to ! condition ( ! globe1 at ! "t ( _! creation4 ,second>y ,rocks4 #a4 ,^! rocks are s call$1 because !y are ! second great deposit1 aft] ! gr& f\ndation ( ! primitive rocks 7 laid4 ,( c\rse !y po9t out ! ?ird great geological p]iod4 #b4 ,_! position is horizontal1 correspond+ to ! g5]al curve ( ! e>?4 ,?is reg>ds _! natural position4 ,!y are f\nd1 "u p>ticul> circum/ances1 incl9$ to ! horizon4 ,!y occupy a l[] position on ! sides ( m\nta9s1 re/+ on ! transition class1 :i* is imm$iately subjac5t 9 natural ord]4 #c4 ,?is class is mu* less *emical1 inde$ v little s1 9 its /ructure4 ,x is ! result ( me*anical deposition1 aft] ! *emical action _h ne>ly ceas$ 9 ! great primitive & retir+ abyss4 #d4 ,^! rocks ab\nd m 9 fragm5ts ( o!r rocks1 & 9 ! rema9s ( organiz$ be+s1 ?an ! prec$+ class4 ,?is w\ld be natural1 z a great] ext5t ( ! e>?'s surface w\ld be expos$ to ! elem5ts1 & ?us ! de/ruction w\ld be great]3 & z ! condition ( ! e>? 0 bett] = su/a9+ s5sitive be+s1 ^! w\ld ( c\rse be m abundant bo? 9 k9d & numb]4 ,x is also well asc]ta9$1 f ! fossil rema9s f\nd 9 ?is class ( rocks1 t dur+ _! deposition1 !re exi/$ _m species ( animals & plants :i* d n n[ exi/3 t _m ( ! animals 7 mon/]s ( incr$ible size & voracity2 ( su* hug5ess1 grossness1 & f]ocity z 7 suitable to ! !n prevail+ condition ( ! e>?4 ,! rese>*es ( ! la/ t5 or fifte5 ye>s1 9 ,engl&1 h br\ght to light ! skeletons ( animals1 approa*+ ! liz>d g5us1 f sixty to sev5ty feet long66 ,!y are abundant 9 ,engl&1 & occasionally f\nd on ! cont95t4 ,:o c say1 b t ! o!r g5]a ( animals !n exi/+1 7 also z mu* m va/1 & mis%ap5 ?an _! pres5t exi/+ types8 ,a s+le glance at ! geological rem9isc5ces ( ?is anci5t p]iod mu/ conv9ce any obs]v]1 t ! vegetable1 & specially ! animal g5]a !n exi/+ 7 really a/oni%+ bo? 9 size1 %ape1 & nature4 ,x becomes a "q ( "s int]e/1 :e!r ^! huge animals ceas$ to exi/1 hav+ f\nd _! graves 9 ?is second>y class ( rocks1 be=e ! exi/5ce ( man8 ,!re are _m reasons :i* induce a supposition !y did cease to exi/4 ,man c\ld sc>cely h be5 safe 9 ! l& ( ^! wond]ful creatures4 ,moreov]1 x is probable _! con/itutions 7 adapt$ to ! condition ( ! _w at ?is p]iod1 :i* we suppose to h be5 m gross 9 its air1 & wat]1 & m ard5t 9 its climate2 z x _h n yet settl$1 & dri$2 & ! wat]s _h n yet suffici5tly subsid$1 to r5d] ! e>? ! abode ( ! m delicate l&-animals1 birds1 & specially man4 ,x is probable ! e>? 0 m>%y1 ) num]\s inl& lakes1 to a consid]able ext5t2 ! wat]s /ill some:at turbid2 ! air gross & moi/2 & ! temp]ature /ill v high4 ,su* a /ate ( ! planet w\ld suit ! con/itutions ( su* mon/]s z ! i*?yosaurus1 & plesiosaurus1 :i* w\ld p]i% z ! condition ( ! globe became m pure1 & its temp]ature r$uc$4 ,t]ti>y ,rocks4 #a4 ,^! rocks 7 deposit$ z ! e>? 0 actually1 & f9ally r$eem$ f wat]1 & became fit = ! abode ( ! m delicate & g5tle l&-animals & birds4 ,h5ce1 x is v r>e1 if ev]1 ! fossil rema9s ( animals :i* live :olly on l&1 are f\nd bel[ ?is class ( rocks4 ,b man's companion animals are f\nd1 z elephants1 de]1 horse1 %eep1 c4 #b4 ,?is class is n s ext5sively spread z ! prec$+ classes4 ,x includes ! diluvial & alluvial =mations1 & indicate an alt]nation ( fre% & sea wat]s 9 its deposition4 ,?is class cov]s ! l[ c\ntries z !y slope f primitive di/ricts t[>ds ! sea4 ,su* gr& vallies are call$ diluvial1 because deposit$ *iefly by ! great primitive ocean1 z x retir$ ?r\gh its la/ /ages to its re/+ b$s4 ,! deposites at ! m\?s ( riv]s1 or any o!r deposites f causes n[ 9 op]ation1 are call$ alluvial4 #c4 ,"s ( ! pr9cipal memb]s ( ?is class are3 #a4 ,argillace\s1 & s&y depositions f ! sea4 #b4 ,m>l1 & gypsum1 f fre% wat]4 #c4 ,s&1 & s&/one1 ) or )\t %ells1 f sea wat]4 #d4 ,lime/one1 & silici\s mill/one grit1 f fre% wat]4 ,conclusion4 ,f :at has be5 said above we may cle>ly d$uce ! foll[+ p>ticul>s4 #a4 ,! cru/ ( ! e>? is con/ruct$ ( f\r great g5]al classes ( rocks3 ! primitive at ! f\ndation2 ! transition1 lay+ imm$iately ov] ! primitive2 ! second>y imm$iately above ^!2 & ! t]ti>y at ! surface4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t we consid] ! rocks 9 _! natural position4 #b4 ,! position1 /ructure1 & organic rema9s ( ^! classes1 cle>ly po9t out a gr& geological epo*1 correspond+ to ! "t ( ! deposition ( ea* class1 & ?us indicate _! relative ages4 ,!y indicate also ! successive conditions ( ! globe z x pass$ f its gross *aotic /ate1 to a /ate suitable = ! habitation ( man1 & 8 companion animals4 #c4 ,! natural hi/ory ( ! ,,primitive ,,_w1 z d$uc$ f ,,geological ,,facts1 ,,corresponds expressly 9 ! ,,ord] & ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,ev5ts1 ,,) ,,! ,,acc\nt ,,giv5 ,,by ,,moses4 #d4 ,! gradual retir+ ( ! primitive *aotic ocean1 w\ld give suffici5t "t = ! production ( ^? imm5se b$s ( m>9e animals :i* are f\nd 9 ! mo/ solid & elevat$ m\nta9s4 ,dur+ ! preval5ce ( ! sea1 ^! b$s w\ld =m at ! bottom1 & :5 x retir$ !y w\ld consolidate1 ) ! m9]al deposites1 into rocks4 ,9 ?is case ! process is suppos$ to g on 9 a quiet ocean1 peaceably retir+1 & leav+ ! deposition 9 lay]s4 ,b we mu/ n suppose ! wat]s 7 always /ill1 & peacefully retir+4 ,if s1 !re c\ld n h be5 su* di/9ct & diff]5t deposites1 9 :i* diff]5t sub/ances sometimes alt]nate4 ,moreov]1 9 ?is case !re w\ld h be5 b "o deposition1 :i* w\ld h be5 regul> & cont9u\s1 *ang+ its "* simply by almo/ imp]ceptible degrees1 & ext5d+ all r\nd ! globe1 z ! globe 0 at fir/ :olly imm]s$ 9 wat]4 ,b ?is is n ! case4 ,!re is e reason to believe !re 7 viol5t agitations1 e>?quakes1 volcanos1 tempe/s1 deluges1 c1 occasionally1 dur+ ! subsid5ce ( ! primitive wat]s4 ,h5ce ! dislocations1 contortions1 protrusions ( l[] rocks ?r\gh upp] ones1 & ! upheav+ ( ! bottom ( ! seas 9 v>i\s places into ridges1 & m\nta9s1 produc+ a trem5d\s deflux ( wat]s frequ5tly1 :i* w\ld wa% out *annels & vallies1 & c>ry (f fragm5ts ( rocks1 c1 into ! wat]s bel[4 ,h5ce x is evid5t t ! elevations on ! e>?'s surface h be5 p>tly caus$ by subt]ranean =ce upheav+ !m2 & p>tly by curr5ts ( wat] we>+ away *annels1 defiles1 vallies1 c4 ,! natural result ( upheav+1 9 mass1 ! b$ ( ! ocean1 w\ld be to protrude a body 9 :i* 7 emb$d$ ! m>9e exuvi ?r\gh\t ! :ole dep? ( ! m>9e deposites4 ,h5ce m\nta9 masses are sometimes compos$ ( lime/one1 9 :i* are f\nd imm5se quantities ( sea %ells1 ?r\gh\t ! mass1 & ent]+ intimately into ! composition ( ! rock4 ,?is1 )\t d\bt1 is ! true orig9 ( ^! m>9e m\nta9 rema9s4 ,"s h be5 dispos$ to attribute !m to ! deluge 9 ! days ( ,noah2 b ?is is impossible = two reasons4 #a4 ,! deluge did n cont9ue a suffici5t l5g? ( "t to all[ ^! animals to be produc$ 9 su* quantities1 or to bury !m s deeply 9 ! e>?4 #b4 ,! ris+ wat]s c\ld n h c>ri$ !m to _! pres5t places2 because1 9 t case !y w\ld be f\nd at ! surface ( ! e>?1 or ne> x exclusively2 :]eas !y are f\nd buri$ ?\s&s ( feet 9 m\nta9s1 & emb$d$ 9 solid rocks4 ,!y c\ld n h be5 transport$ by ! wat]s1 because !y w\ld h suff]$ viol5ce1 & be5 fractur$1 & compress$2 :i* is n g5]ally ! case4 ,!y are f\nd p]fectly pres]v$1 ?\gh ( su* delicate /ructure z w\ld seem to h be5 de/roy$ by ! lea/ viol5ce4 ,h5ce x is evid5t !y are buri$ :]e !y liv$ & di$ 9 p]fect tranquillity4 ,x is true1 !re are in/ances 9 :i* ! position & nature ( ! animals cle>ly prove t !y 7 inhum$ by "s sudd5 cata/rophe4 ,= in/ance3 :5 we see ! fossil rema9s ( delicate1 & v active fi% s plac$ z to indicate !y 7 caught1 we are conv9c$ !y p]i%$ sudd5ly4 ,b ?is case is always local1 & may h be5 produc$ by an e>?quake1 or volcanic action4 ,t ! primitive *aotic ocean occupi$ ! e>? a long "t1 g5]ally 9 a /ate ( tranquillity1 ?\gh occasionally1 /rongly agitat$1 & ris+ into ov]:elm+ deluges & gradually retir$1 is evid5t also1 f ! fact1 t ! mo/ delicate plants1 leaves1 & fl[]s are f\nd inhum$1 z ! m>9e animals above1 9 a /ate ( p]fect pres]vation4 ,all ! above ph5om5a took place prior to ! creation ( man4 ,app5dix4 ,!re is ano!r class ( rocky sub/ances :i* obey no settl$ laws1 &1 !re=e1 are notic$ "h 9 an app5dix3 ,!y are rocks & sub/ances ( evid5t igne\s orig93 z basalt1 obsidium1 lavas ( all textures1 & trap rocks frequ5tly1 p]haps g5]ally4 ,^! h "o common orig93 !y are also ( simil> composition g5]ally2 & 9 ?is approa* ! composition ( primitive rocks4 ,!y h be5 evid5tly eject$ f ! b[els ( ! e>? 9 a melt$ /ate4 ,!y are f\nd 9 almo/ all c\ntries2 & 9 "s cases =m m\nta9s1 & cov] ! surfaces ( l>ge di/ricts to an a/oni%+ dep?3 z 9 ! nor? ( ,irel&1 m ?an #ejj feet ?ick1 & ov] an area ( #hjj squ>e miles4 7,,ure47 ,be+ protrud$ f b5ea? 9 a melt$ /ate !y are f\nd inject$ ?r\gh ! sup]9cumb5t rocks 9 %afts or ve9s ( v>i\s sizes1 f sev]al in*es to sev]al feet4 ,sometimes be+ unable to r5d ! solid rocks above !y are inject$ betwe5 _! /rata4 ,!y are g5]ally some:at cry/all9e 9 /ructure1 because deposit$ on ! same pr9ciples z granite1 :5 undi/urb$4 ,f _! position1 sup]ficial ext5t1 & quantity1 we inf] !y are ! products ( all ages1 & ( imm5se igne\s action1 seat$ at an unkn[n di/ance b5ea? ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,h5ce we may h "s idea ( ! va/ am\nt ( igne\s action :i* op]at$ 9 ! e>ly ages ( our planet4 ,x mu/ h be5 viol5tly %ak5 f ! c5tre to ! surface4 ,we may well ask1 9 ! language ( a ,g]man philosoph]1 ,:o c enum]ate all ! bless+s :i* ! vegetable k+dom af=ds8 ,x is at lea/ manife/ t all ! arrangem5ts ( ,provid5ce1 9 ?is respect1 h = _! gr& object ! advantage ( ! creatures4 ,god has provid$ = ! wants ( ea* individual4 ,he has assign$ to ea* t plant1 :i* is mo/ prop] = its n\ri%m5t & support4 ,!re is n a plant on ! e>?1 b :at has its p>ticul> de/9ation & use4 ,:at s5tim5ts ( v5]ation & gratitude %\ld we feel1 at ! sight ( lawns1 g>d5s1 fields1 & mead[s6 ,"h 8 b5efic5t c>e has collect$ all t is necess>y = ! com=t & pres]vation ( ! inhabitants ( ! e>?4 ,"h1 oh ,god6 ?\ op5e/ ?y h&1 & satisfie/ ! desire ( e liv+ creature6 ,"h e h]b1 e> ( corn1 fl[]1 & tree1 proclaims ?y goodness6 ,h[ closely might our mod]n geologi/s walk ) ,god1 if1 l a ,boyle1 & a ,ray1 e new discov]y l$ !m to an increas+ admiration ( ,div9e wisdom & omnipot5t p[]6#ajc = 8,philosophy1 baptiz'd ,9 ! pure f\nta9 ( et]nal love1 ,has eyes inde$2 & view+ all %e sees ,z meant to indicate a ,god to man1 ,gives him 8 praise1 & =feits n h] own40 ,to meet ,god 9 ! imm5sity ( 8 works1 & trace him 9 ! op]ations ( 8 h&1 gives expansion to intellect1 op5s new s\rces ( enjoym5t1 & greatly exalts ! "* ( man4 ,! sacr$ writ]s conduct u to ! =e/1 &1 aft] select+ p>ticul> trees1 press on our att5tion _! emblematical uses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,iii4--,,m9]als4 ,gold -- ,silv] -- ,plat9a -- ,m]cury -- ,copp] -- ,iron -- ,t9 -- ,lead -- ,nickel -- ,z9c -- ,palladium -- ,bismu? -- ,antimony -- ,tellurium -- ,ars5ic -- ,cobalt -- ,manganese -- ,tung/5 -- ,molybd5um -- ,uranium -- ,titanium -- ,*romium -- ,columbium or ,tantalium -- ,c]ium -- ,oxmium -- ,rodium -- ,iridium -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 ,"s p>ts ( ! e>?'s surface are b>r5 & unfruitful1 yield+ no pleasant h]b = cattle1 nor vegetable = ! s]vice ( man4 ,b ! b[els ( ! e>? 9 su* places are commonly /or$ ) ri* m9es1 & useful m9]als4 ,)\t ^! :at c\ld we d 9 ! field1 ! h\se1 ! m>ket1 or cross+ ! seas8 ,surely1 ! inf9itely wise ,ar*itect has n made any ?+ 9 va96 ,x is des]v+ ( notice1 says ,mr4 ,p>kes1 t if m9]als _h be5 plac$ on ! surface ( ! globe1 !y w\ld h occupi$ ! greate/ "p ( ! e>?1 & prev5t$ its cultivation4 ,_! be+ deposit$ bel[1 is a pro( ( managem5t & design wor?y ( t ,be+ :o c\ld furni% s great a v>iety ( ?is class ( bodies4 ,!re are tw5ty-sev5 di/9ct metals1 :i* possess prop]ties v diff]5t & di/9ct f ea* o!r4 ,= a k ( mo/ ( ^!1 we are indebt$ to ! m p]fect modes ( analysis1 :i* mod]n *emi/ry has af=d$4 ,! anci5ts 7 acqua9t$ ) only sev54 ,! prop]ties ( ^! 7 tol]ably well kn[n to ! e>ly *emi/s1 :o acquir$ _! k f ! al*emi/s4 ,metals are divid$ into two classes1 by mod]n *emi/s4 ,! "o conta9s ! malleable1 & ! o!r ! brittle metals4 ,?is la/ class is sometimes subdivid$ into ^? :i* are easily1 & ^? :i* are difficultly fus$4 ,! malleable metals are elev51 namely1 ,gold1 ,silv]1 ,plat9a1 ,m]cury1 ,copp]1 ,iron1 ,t91 ,lead1 ,nickel1 ,z9c1 & ,palladium4 ,! brittle metals are ,bismu?1 ,antimony1 ,tellurium1 ,ars5ic1 ,cobalt1 ,manganese1 ,tung/51 ,molybd5um1 ,uranium1 ,titanium1 ,*romium1 ,columbium or ,tantalium1 ,c]ium1 ,oxmium1 ,rodium1 & ,iridium4 ,gold is ! heavie/ ( all metals except+ plat9a2 x is nei!r v ela/ic nor h>d2 b s malleable & ductile1 t x may be drawn into v f9e wire1 or beat5 into leaves s ?9 z to be c>ri$ away by ! slighte/ w9d4 ,dr4 ,black has calculat$1 t x w\ld take f\rte5 millions ( films ( gold1 su* z is on "s f9e gilt wire1 to make ! ?ickness ( "o in*3 :]eas f\rte5 million leaves ( common pr9t+ pap] make ne> ?ree qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,accord+ to ,f\rcroy1 ! ductility ( gold is su*1 t "o ounce ( x is suffici5t to gild a silv] wire m ?an ?irte5 hundr$ miles long4 ,su* is ! t5acity ( gold1 t a wire #a-af? ( an in* 9 diamet] w support a weight ( #ejj p\nds )\t break+4 ,gold may be kn[n f all o!r metals by its bright yell[ color1 & its weight4 ,its specific gravity is #ai4c2 :5 heavi]1 x mu/ be comb9$ ) plat9a2 :5 light]1 & ( a deep yell[ color1 x is alloy$ ) copp]2 & if ( a pale color1 ) silv]4 ,arabia _h =m]ly its gold m9es4 ,! gold ( ,ophir1 s (t5 m5tion$ 9 ,scripture1 mu/ be t :i* 0 procur$ 9 ,arabia1 on ! coa/ ( ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,we are assur$ by ,san*onia?on1 & by ,h]odotus1 quot$ by ,eusebius1 t ! ,phnicians c>ri$ on a consid]able traffic 9 gold1 ev5 be=e ! days ( ,job1 :o ?us speaks ( x1 8,!n %all ?\ lay up gold z du/1 & ! gold ( ,ophir z /ones ( ! brooks40 ,gold is f\nd 9 ,p]u1 z well z 9 sev]al o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,x g5]ally occurs 9 a metallic /ate1 & mo/ commonly 9 ! =m ( gra9s4 ,x frequ5tly is met ) 9 ! ores ( o!r metals1 b is *iefly f\nd 9 ! w>m] regions ( ! e>?4 ,x ab\nds 9 ! s&s ( _m ,african riv]s1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 9 ,india4 ,sev]al riv]s 9 ,france conta9 gold 9 _! s&s4 ,x has also be5 discov]$ 9 ,hung>y1 ,sw$51 ,norway & ,irel&4 ,ne> ,pamplona1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 s+le labor]s h collect$ upw>ds ( #bjj wor? ( wa%-gold 9 a day4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,sonora1 ! ,spani>ds discov]$ a pla91 f\rte5 leagues 9 ext5t1 9 :i* !y f\nd wa%-gold at ! dep? ( only #af in*es2 ! gra9s 7 ( su* a size t "s ( !m weigh$ #gb ounces1 & 9 su* quantities1 t 9 a %ort "t1 ) a few labor]s1 !y collect$ #a1jjj m>ks1 7equal 9 value to #ca1bai #ajs4 /]l+17 ev5 )\t tak+ "t to wa% ! e>? :i* _h be5 dug4 ,!y f\nd "o gra9 :i* weigh$ #acb ounces2 ?is is deposit$ 9 ! royal cab9et at ,madrid1 & is wor? #ejj4ajd ,! native gold f\nd 9 ,irel& 0 9 gra9s1 f ! smalle/ size to upw>ds ( two ounces4 ,only two gra9s 7 f\nd ( great] weight1 "o ( :i* weigh$ #e1 & ! o!r #bb ounces4#aje ,gold m9es 7 =m]ly work$ 9 ,scotl&2 & inde$ n[1 gra9s ( ?is metal are (t5 f\nd 9 brooks aft] a great flood4 ,x has be5 said1 t at ! nuptials ( ,james ,v1 cov]$ di%es fill$ ) co9s ( ,scot* gold 7 pres5t$ to ! gue/s by way ( dess]t4 ,/&>d gold ( ,great ,brita9 is tw5ty-two p>ts pure gold1 & two p>ts copp]2 x is !re=e call$ gold ( 8tw5ty-two c>ots f9e40 ,"s h ?\ght t ,moses made use ( sulphuret ( potass to r5d] ! calf ( gold ador$ by ! ,israelites soluble 9 wat]4 ,/ahl wrote a long diss]tation to prove t ?is 0 ! case4 ,silv] is a heavy1 sonor\s1 brilliant1 :ite metal2 exce$+ly ductile1 & ( great malleability & t5acity4 ,x possesses ^! latt] prop]ties 9 s great a decree1 t x may be beat5 into leaves mu* ?9n] ?an any pap]1 or drawn into wire z f9e z a hair )\t break+4 ,fifty squ>e in*es ( silv] leaf weigh n m ?an a gra94 ,! specific gravity ( silv] is #aj4ejj4 ,:5 p]fectly pure1 x is a v s(t metal4 ,to "k :5 x is pure1 heat x 9 a common fire1 or 9 ! flame ( a c&le3 if x be alloy$1 x w become t>ni%$2 b if x be pure1 x w rema9 p]fectly :ite4 ,our /&>d silv] is =m$ ) fifte5 p>ts pure silv]1 & "o "p copp]4 ,silv] is f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w 9 a metallic /ate2 also 9 ! /ates ( a sulphuret1 a salt1 & an oxide4 ,native silv] is f\nd *iefly 9 ! m9es ( ,potosi4 ,sulphuret ( silv] occurs 9 ! silv] m9es ( ,g]many1 ,hung>y1 ,saxony & ,sib]ia4 ,oxides ( silv] are also common 9 "s ( ! silv] m9es 9 ,g]many4 ,silv] has lately be5 f\nd 9 a copp]-m9e 9 ,cornwall4#ajf ,mo/ ( our lead m9es also af=d x1 p>ticul>ly "s 9 ,scotl&4 ,9 ! c\nty ( ,antrim1 9 ,irel&1 !re is a m9e s ri*1 t e ?irty p\nds ( lead ore is said to produce "o p\nd ( silv]4 ,by ! silv] :i* 0 produc$ f ! lead m9es 9 ,c>digan%ire1 ,sir ,hugh ,middleton is said to h cle>$ two ?\s& p\nds a mon?1 & t ?is enabl$ him to und]take ! great "w ( br++ ! ,new ,riv] f ,w>e to ,london4 ,silv] 0 us$ 9 comm]ce elev5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ! f\ndation ( ,rome4 ,moses1 says1 8,& ,abraham weigh$ to ,ephron ! silv]1 :i* he _h nam$ 9 ! audi5ce ( ! sons ( ,he?1 f\r hundr$ %ekels ( silv]1 curr5t money ) ! m]*ant40 ,at ?is p]iod silv] 0 n co9$1 b be+ only 9 b>s1 or +ots1 9 comm]ce 0 always weigh$4 ,9 ! museum ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,/4 ,pet]sburgh1 is a piece ( native silv] f ,*9a ( su* firmness1 t co9s h be5 /ruck f x )\t its hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! crucible4#ajg ,plat9a1 ! heavie/ ( all metals1 is ne>ly z :ite z silv]1 & difficultly fusible1 ?\gh by great labor may be r5d]$ malleable1 s z to be wr\ght into ut5sils l o!r metals4 ,x w resi/ ! /ronge/ heat ( our fires )\t melt+1 &1 l iron1 is capable ( be+ weld$ :5 prop]ly heat$4 ,x is f\nd 9 gra9s1 9 a metallic /ate1 at ,/4 ,dom+o3 & also at ,santa ,fe1 9 ,p]u1 9 ! language ( ^: inhabitants x means little silv]4 ,x has rec5tly be5 discov]$ 9 an ore ( silv] f\nd 9 ,e/remadura1 exi/+ 9 its metallic =m4 ,?is metal 0 fir/ introduc$ into ,engl& by ,*>les ,wood1 :o br\ght x f ,jamaica 9 ! ye> #agda4 ,x has be5 drawn into wire less ?an ! two ?\s&? "p ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! specific gravity ( hamm]$ plat9a is #bc4ff1 :i* is m ?an d\ble t ( lead4 ,m]cury1 9 ! temp]ature ( our atmosph]e1 is a fluid metal1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( melt$ silv]3 9 ?is /ate x is nei!r ductile nor malleable2 v volatile :5 heat$2 extremely divisible2 & is ! heavie/ ( all metals except plat9a & gold4 ,we see x always 9 a fluid /ate1 because x is s fusible t a small portion ( caloric w keep x 9 a /ate ( fluidity2 b :5 submitt$ to a suffici5t degree ( cold1 is simil> to o!r metals1 & may be beat5 into plates4 ,x has be5 det]m9$1 t at #ci degrees bel[ z]o ( ,fahr5heit's !rmomet] is ! po9t at :i* ! congelation ( m]cury takes place4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #agii1 ,mr4 ,pepys froze #ef p\nds ( x into a solid & malleable mass4 ,at ,hudson's ,bay1 froz5 m]cury has lately be5 r$uc$ to %eets z ?9 z pap]1 by beat+ x ^u an anvil t _h previ\sly be5 r$uc$ to ! same temp]ature4 ,x is a sub/ance s volatile t x may be di/ill$ l wat]2 & is sometimes purifi$ 9 ?is way f mixture ) o!r metals1 be+ (t5 adult]at$ ) lead & bismu?4 ,x is also s ela/ic :5 9 a /ate ( vapor1 t x is capable ( bur/+ ! /ronge/ vessels4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,biddle1 its specific gravity at #dg degrees above z]o is #ac4ede2 b :5 froz5 into a solid at #dj bel[ z]o1 #ae4fab4 ,?is metal is br\ght to ,europe f ! ,ea/ ,indies & ,p]u2 b is f\nd 9 great] abundance at ,almad5 9 ,spa91 :]e x is extract$ f ! ore by di/illation4 ,! quicksilv] m9e ( ,guanca ,velica1 9 ,p]u1 is #agj fa?oms 9 circumf]5ce1 & #dhj deep4 ,9 ?is pr(\nd abyss are /reets1 squ>es1 & a *apel :]e religi\s my/]ies on all fe/ival occasions are celebrat$4 ,millions ( flambeaux are cont9ually burn+ to enlight5 ?is subt]ranean abode4 ,?is m9e g5]ally affects ^? :o "w 9 x ) convulsions4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 ! un=tunate victims ( an insatiable av>ice are cr[d$ all toge!r1 & plung$ nak$ into ?is abyss4 ,tyranny has inv5t$ ?is ref9em5t 9 cruelty1 to r5d] x impossible = any ?+ to escape its re/less vigilance4 8,?us 9 ! d>k ,p]uvian m9e conf9'd1 ,lo/ to ! *e]ful comm]ce ( mank9d1 ,! groan+ captive wa/es 8 life away1 ,= ev] exil'd f ! realms ( day2 ,:ile1 all =lorn & sad1 he p9es 9 va9 ,= sc5es he nev] %all possess aga940 ,m]cury is rais$ 9 su* abundance 9 ,spa91 t 9 ! ye> #agag !re rema9$ above #a1bjj tons ( x 9 ! magaz9es at ,almad51 aft] ! necess>y quantity _h be5 export$ to ,p]u = ! use ( ! silv] m9es !re4 ,! quicksilv] m9es ( ,idria1 a t[n 9 ! circle ( ,l[] ,au/ria1 h be5 wr\ght con/antly = #cjj ye>s1 & are ?\ght on ! av]age to yield above #ajj tons ( quicksilv] annually4 ,m]cury is f\nd also 9 ,hung>y & ,*9a2 x occurs mo/ commonly 9 argillace\s s*i/us1 lime-/ones1 & s&-/ones4 ,x is likewise f\nd 9 ,sw$51 amalgamat$ ) silv]1 & frequ5tly comb9$ ) sulphur4 ,runn+ m]cury is se5 9 globules1 9 "s e>?s & /ones 9 ,am]ica1 & is collect$ f ! clefts ( rocks4 ,c9nab>1 or sulphuret ( m]cury1 is also g5]ally f\nd 9 ^? c\ntries :i* produce ! fluid metal4#ajh ,copp] is ( a r$ color1 v sonor\s & ela/ic1 & ! mo/ ductile ( all metals1 except gold4 ,a wire #a-aj? ( an in* w support ne> #cjj p\nds4 ,its specific gravity is #h4ff4 ,x w n burn s easily z iron2 :i* is evid5t f its n /rik+ fire by collision4 ,copp]-m9es h be5 work$ 9 ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,sumatra1 & 9 ! nor? ( ,africa4 ,native copp] is g5]ally f\nd 9 ,sib]ia1 ,sw$51 ,hung>y1 & "s p>ts ( ,france4 ,copp] is f\nd 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,engl& & ,wales1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,cornwall1 & ! ,isles ( ,man & ,anglesea4 ,! copp] pyrites f\nd 9 ,cornwall are sulphuret ( copp]4 ,anglesea =m]ly yield$ m ?an tw5ty ?\s& tons ( copp] annually3 ! ve9 ( metal 0 orig9ally m ?an sev5ty feet ?ick4 ,copp] m9es h n be5 work$ 9 ,engl& above #afj ye>s4 ,be=e t p]iod1 :5ev] ! workm5 met ) copp] ore 9 ! t9 m9es ( ,cornwall1 !y ?rew x aside z useless1 no ,engli% m9] at t "t kn[+ h[ to r$uce x to a metallic /ate4 ,to *emical sci5ce1 !re=e1 we are indebt$ = su* an ample supply ( ?is valuable metal4 ,x is ass]t$1 t a l>ge copp] m9e has be5 work$ = "s "t 9 ! /ate ( ,new-,j]sey 9 ,am]ica1 & t ! ore rais$ !re is br\ght to ?is c\ntry to be smelt$4 ,native oxides ( copp] are f\nd 9 ,cornwall & 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,c>bonate ( copp] occurs z a natural production 9 two v>ieties1 call$ mala*ite & m\nta9 gre54 ,sulphate ( copp]1 ( a v ri* quality1 is also f\nd 9 ! /ate ( ,connecticut4 ,! /ream 9 its c\rse de/roys vegetation2 & :]e x settles 9 places ne> ! spr+1 l>ge lumps ( metallic salt are collect$4 ,bi%op ,watson relates1 t ! wat]s :i* issue f ! copp] m9es 9 ! c\nty ( ,wickl[1 9 ,irel&1 are s impregnat$ ) sulphate ( copp]1 t "o ( ! workm5 hav+ accid5tally left a %ovel 9 ?is wat]1 f\nd x "s weeks aft] s incru/$ ) copp]1 t he imag9$ x 0 *ang$ into copp]4 ,! proprietors ( ! m9es1 9 pursuance ( ?is h9t1 made prop] receptacles = ! wat]1 & n[ f9d ^! /reams ( z mu* int]e/ to !m z ! m9es4 ,:5 m9]s wi% to "k :e!r an ore conta9s copp]1 !y drop a little nitric acid ^u x2 aft] a %ort "t !y dip a fea!r into ! acid1 & !n wipe x ov] ! poli%$ blade ( a knife2 & if !re be ! smalle/ quantity ( copp] 9 x1 ! copp] w be precipitat$ on ! knife4#aji ,a mass ( native copp] has be5 f\nd 9 a valley 9 ! ,brazils1 conta9+ #b1fff p\nds weight4 ,! description ( x 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,lisbon is said to be v int]e/+1 z ! l>ge/ specim5 ev] f\nd be=e ?is weighs only t5 p\nds4 ,9 ! museum ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,/4 ,pet]sburgh1 is a piece ( native malleable copp] ( extraord9>y magnitude1 f\nd on ! copp] isl& ly+ to ! ea/ ( ,kams*atka4#aaj ,! ,romans 7 acqua9t$ ) ?is metal2 = ! only money us$ by t p1 till ! #dhe? ye> ( _! city1 0 made ( x1 :5 silv] began to be co9$4 ,9 ,sw$51 h\ses are cov]$ ) copp]4#aaa ,iron is ( a livid bluei% color1 & "o ( ! h>de/ & mo/ ela/ic ( all metals4 ,:5 dissolv$1 x has a nause\s /yptic ta/e1 & be+ /rongly rubb$ emits a peculi> smell4 ,x is attract$ by ! magnet1 & has ! prop]ty ( becom+ itself magnetic4 ,x is fus$ ) great difficulty1 b gives fire by collision ) fl9t4 ,an iron wire only "o-t5? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 w c>ry a weight ( #dej p\nds )\t break+2 & a wire ( temp]$ /eel1 ( ! same size1 w c>ry "o ( ab\t #ijj p\nds4 ,iron becomes s(t] by heat1 & has capability ( be+ weld$ to ano!r piece ( ! same metal s z to =m "o entire mass2 & ?is may be done )\t melt+ ei!r ( ! pieces4 ,no o!r metal1 except plat9a1 possesses ?is s+ul> prop]ly1 :i* r5d]s x mo/ suitable = e common purpose4 ,its specific gravity v>ies f #g4f to #g4h4 ,?is valuable metal is pl5tifully diffus$ ?r\gh\t nature1 p]vad+ almo/ e ?+1 s z to be detect$ ev5 9 plants & animal fluids1 & is ! *ief cause ( color 9 e>?s & /ones4 ,x is f\nd 9 l>ge masses1 & 9 v>i\s /ates1 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,9 ! museum ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,pet]sburgh is a mass ( native iron twelve hundr$ p\nds weight4 ,9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! _w :ole m\nta9s are =m$ ( iron ore1 & _m ( ^! ores are magnetic4 ,( ! ,engli% ores1 ! common ,lanca%ire hematite produces ! be/ iron4 ,?is metal is f\nd 9 solution 9 _m natural spr+s1 & gives ! "* to all our *alybeate wat]s3 besides :i*1 !re are "s spr+s :i* conta9 iron 9 comb9ation ) sulphuric acid4 ,^! are call$ vitriolat$ wat]s4 ,!re are sev]al 9 ?is l&2 b ^? at ,*adwell ne> ,london1 & at ,swansea 9 ,glamorgan%ire1 are probably ! mo/ important4 ,z ?is metal possesses s _m prop]ties1 exi/s 9 s _m diff]5t /ates1 & is capable ( be+ appli$ to su* a v>iety ( excell5t purposes1 x is c]ta9ly ! mo/ useful ( all ! products ( ! m9]al k+dom4 ,x 0 us$ 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 9 ^: writ+s ,canaan is m5tion$ z 8a l& ^: /ones 7 iron40 ,! ,greeks und]/ood ! me?od ( temp]+ x4 ,hom]1 9 ! n9? book ( 8 ,odyssey1 describes ! fire-br& driv5 into ! eye ( ,polyphemus1 z hiss+ l hot iron imm]s$ 9 wat]4 ,! advantages :i* we d]ive f ! magnetic prop]ty ( iron are incalculable4 ,to ?is we are indebt$ = ! m>9]'s compass1 by :i* man is enabl$ to trav]se ! ocean1 op5 a fri5dly or comm]cial int]c\rse ) e qu>t] ( ! globe1 & to /e] 8 c\rse ) ! utmo/ accuracy4 8,tall navies h5ce _! d\btful way explore1 ,& ev'ry product waft f ev'ry %ore2 ,h5ce meagre want expell'd1 & sangu9e /rife1 ,= ! mild *>ms ( cultivat$ life40 ,iron may be m\ld$ by ! hamm] into any =m1 & unit$ into z _m p>ts z ! workman pleases1 )\t rivets or sold]4 ,7 x n = ?is peculi> quality1 _m works ( great importance c\ld nev] h be5 execut$4 ,a mo/ /up5d\s fabric1 a*iev$ by means ( weld$ iron is ! ,*9ese bridge ( *a9s1 hung ov] a dreadful precipice 9 ! neighborhood ( ,k+tung1 to connect two high m\nta9s4 ,! *a9s are tw5ty-"o 9 numb]1 /ret*$ ov] ! valley1 & b\nd toge!r by o!r cross *a9s1 s z to =m a p]fect road f ! summit ( "o imm5se m\nta9 to t ( ! o!r4 ,"s idea ( ! ext5t & importance ( ! iron trade may be conceiv$ f ! foll[+ acc\nt1 abridg$ f ,malk9's ,sc5]y1 c1 ( ,s\? ,wales4 8,m]?yr ,tydvill 0 a v inconsid]able village till ! ye> #agee1 :5 ! late ,mr4 ,bacon obta9$ a lease ( ! iron & coal-m9es ( a di/rict at lea/ eight miles long1 & f\r wide1 = #ii ye>s4 ,s9ce !n ^! m9es h be5 leas$ by him to f\r di/9ct companies1 & produce to ! heirs ( ,mr4 ,bacon a cle> annual income ( t5 ?\s& p\nds4 ,! "p occupi$ by ,mr4 ,craw%ay conta9s n[ ! l>ge/ set ( iron works 9 ! k+dom4 ,he con/antly employs m ?an two ?\s& workm51 & pays weekly = wages1 coal1 & o!r exp5ses ( ! works1 tw5ty-five ?\s& p\nds4 ,! numb] ( smelt+ furnaces belong+ to ! diff]5t companies at ,m]?yr is ab\t sixte54 ,ar\nd ea* ( ^! furnaces are erect$ =ges & roll+-mills1 = conv]t+ pig into plate & b>-iron4 ,^! works h conf]r$ s mu* importance on ! neighborhood1 t ! obscure village ( ,m]?yr ,tydvill has become ! l>ge/ t[n 9 ,wales1 & conta9s m ?an twelve ?\s& inhabitants40 ,t9 is :ite1 a little ela/ic1 & s exce$+ly s(t & ductile1 t x may be beat5 out into leaves ?9n] ?an pap]4 ,x is mu* m combu/ible ?an _m ( ! metals2 & is soluble 9 all ! m9]al acids4 ,its specific gravity is #g4bia1 or ab\t #eaf p\nds to ! cubic foot4 ,?is metal is f\nd 9 ,g]many1 ,saxony1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & 9 ,engl&1 *iefly 9 ,cornwall & ,devon%ire4 ,x mu/ h be5 kn[n v e>ly1 z x is m5tion$ 9 ! books ( ,moses4 ,hom] 9 8 ,iliad m5tions ! use ( t94 ,pl9y says1 t ! ,romans le>n$ ! me?od ( t9n+ _! cul9>y vessels f ! ,gauls4 ,!y us$ t9 to alloy copp]1 = mak+ ^? ela/ic plates :i* !y employ 9 %oot+ d>ts f _! w>like ma*9es4 ,! addition ( t9 to copp] r5d]s t metal m fluid1 & disposes x to assume all ! impressions ( ! m\ld4 ,x 0 probably ) a view to ?is1 t x 0 us$ by ! anci5t ,romans 9 _! co9age4 ,_m ( ! imp]ial l>ge brass1 z !y are call$1 are f\nd to consi/ ( copp] & t9 alone4 ,antique co9s frequ5tly occur1 made by =g]s 9 ! diff]5t reigns1 9 imitation ( ! silv] curr5cy1 :i* conta9 a v l>ge proportion ( t94 ,!re are co9s ( ,n]o :i* are ( a mo/ debas$ & brittle brass4 ,accord+ to ,ari/otle1 ! t9 m9es ( ,cornwall 7 kn[n & work$ 9 8 "t4 ,diodorus ,siculus1 :o wrote ab\t =ty ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 gives an acc\nt ( work+ ^! m9es3 he says1 t _! produce 0 convey$ to ,gaul1 & !nce to diff]5t p>ts ( ,italy4 ,! m9]s ( ,cornwall 7 s celebrat$ = _! k ( work+ metals1 t1 ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! r5[n$ ,be*]1 a physician ( ,spire1 & tutor ( ,/ahl1 came ov] to ?is c\ntry on purpose to visit !m2 & x is report$ ( him1 t1 :5 he _h se5 !m1 he exclaim$1 ,he :o 0 a tea*] at home1 0 a le>n] :5 he came !re4 ,ab\t #c1jjj tons ( t9 are furni%$ annually 9 ,cornwall1 two-fif?s ( :i* are usually export$ to ,india by ! ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,!re are two k9ds ( t9 kn[n 9 comm]ce1 namely1 block t91 & gra9 t94 ,block t9 is procur$ f ! common t9 ore1 & usually ca/ 9 blocks ( ab\t #cbj p\nds weight4 ,x is tak5 to ! prop] (fices to be assay$1 :]e x receives ! impression ( a lion rampant1 be+ ! arms ( ! ,duke ( ,cornwall1 pays a duty ( f\r %ill+s p] hundr$ weight to ! ,duke1 & !n becomes legally salable4 ,gra9 t9 is f\nd 9 small p>ticles1 9 :at is call$ ! /ream t9 ore4 ,x appe>s to h be5 wa%$ f its orig9al b$ 9 remote ages4 ,?is k9d ( t9 owes its sup]iority1 n only to ! purity ( ! ore1 b to ! c>e ) :i* x is wa%$ & ref9$4 ,lead is ( a bluei% :ite color1 sc>cely sonor\s1 unela/ic1 &1 be+ ! s(te/ ( all metals1 yields readily to ! hamm]4 ,x g5]ally conta9s a small quantity ( silv]4 ,an alloy ( ?is metal ) t9 =ms pewt]1 & 9 diff]5t proportions s(t sold]4 ,its specific gravity is #aa4ce4 ,lead ore is v abundant 9 ,scotl&1 ! we/]n p>ts ( ,nor?umb]l& & ,durham1 ,d]by%ire1 & _m o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! lead f\nd 9 ^! c\nties occurs on ! e/ates ( ,colonel ,beaumont1 & ( ^? ( ! late ,"l ,d]w5twat]3 ! la/ ( ^! 7 =feit$ to ,gov]nm5t2 & are n[ 9 ! possession ( ,gre5wi* ,hospital4 ,lead 0 kn[n 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 & 0 9 common use among ! anci5ts4 ,! ,romans %ea!d ! bottoms ( _! %ips ) x1 fa/5$ by nails made ) bronze4 ,dur+ ! fir/ c5tury1 at ,rome1 x 0 tw5ty-f\r times ! price x is n[ 9 ,europe2 :]eas t9 0 only eight times its pres5t price4 ,nickel is :ite1 ductile & malleable1 b ( difficult fusion4 ,x is attract$ by ! magnet1 & has itself ! prop]ty ( attract+ iron3 b z ! nickel ( comm]ce always conta9s iron1 ?is may disguise its prop]ties1 & prev5t its nature be+ exactly kn[n1 ,ri*t]1 9 8 ,annales de ,*imie1 ass]ts1 t ?is metal1 9 its pure /ate1 is ne>ly z brilliant z silv]1 & m attractable by ! load/one ?an iron2 t x is n liable to be alt]$ by ! atmosph]e2 & t its specific gravity :5 =g$ is #h4fff4 ,! ore ( nickel is procur$ f v>i\s p>ts ( ,g]many1 & is (t5 f\nd ) cobalt4 ,x is *iefly us$ 9 ,*9a2 & x is said1 t ! manufactur]s ( ,birm+ham comb9e x ) iron1 & melt x ) brass1 ) great advantage4 ,z9c possesses b a small degree ( malleability & ductility1 except "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,:5 brok51 x appe>s ( a %9+ bluei% :ite2 & :5 expos$ to ! air1 becomes cov]$ ) a pellicle :i* reflects v>i\s colors4 ,if beat5 out into ?9 leaves1 x w take fire f ! flame ( a common tap]4 ,its fil+s are mix$ ) gunp[d]1 to produce ^? brilliant />s & spangles :i* are se5 9 ! be/ artificial fire-works4 ,x is also "o ( ! metals employ$ to =m ,galvanic batt]ies4 ,x is ! mo/ combu/ible metal we h4 ,x w decompose wat] )\t ! assi/ance ( heat4 ,next to manganese1 x has ! /ronge/ aff9ity = oxyg5 ( all ! metals4 ,its specific gravity is #f4hfa4 ,its nature is su*1 t x seems to =m ! l9k betwe5 brittle & malleable metals4 ,"s m9]alogi/s consid] z9c to be ! mo/ abundant metal 9 nature1 except+ iron4 ,calam9e1 or lapis calam9>is1 :i* is a native oxide ( z9c1 comb9$ ) c>bonic acid1 is f\nd bo? 9 masses & 9 a cry/alliz$ /ate1 & is g5]ally comb9$ ) a l>ge portion ( silex4 ,z9c is also f\nd 9 an ore call$ bl5d1 9 :i* /ate x is m9]aliz$ by sulphur4 ,! m9]s call x ,black ,jack--a m9]al employ$ till lately 9 ,wales = m5d+ ! roads4 ,z9c is g5]ally call$ by our arti/s spelt]2 & 9 ,engl& & else:]e x is extract$ f calam9e1 & o!r ores1 by di/illation4 ,?is metal ab\nds 9 ,*9a1 :]e x is us$ = curr5t co91 & = t purpose is employ$ 9 ! utmo/ purity4 ,^! co9s h frequ5tly ,t>t> *>act]s on "o side1 & ,*9ese on ! o!r4 ,!y h g5]ally a squ>e hole 9 ! c5tre1 t !y may be c>ri$ on /r+s1 & m readily c\nt$4 ,antimony is ( a dusky :ite color1 brilliant1 brittle1 & de/itute ( ductility4 ,?\gh seem+ly h>d1 x may be cut ) a knife4 ,its specific gravity1 accord+ to ,b]gman1 is #f4hf4 ,x is procur$ f an ore :i* is f\nd *iefly 9 ,hung>y & ,norway4 ,native antimony1 alloy$ ) a small portion ( silv] & iron1 has be5 f\nd 9 ,sw$54 ,& x is said1 t x has be5 f\nd 9 ! /ate ( ,connecticut1 9 ,am]ica1 ne>ly 9 a pure metallic =m4 ,!re are five di/9ct ores ( antimony1 b ! grey is ! only "o f\nd 9 suffici5t quantity = ! manufactur]2 x is a sulphuret ( antimony4 ,p]haps we h no metal m valuable z a m$ic9e ?an ?is1 or "o :i* is appli$ 9 su* v>i\s ways4 ,bismu? is ( a yell[i% :ite color1 lamellat$ texture1 & mod]ately h>d1 b n malleable4 ,x is s brittle t x breaks readily "u ! hamm]1 & may be r$uc$ to p[d]4 ,x has ! s+ul> prop]ty ( exp&+ z x cools4 ,h5ce1 probably1 its use 9 ! metallic composition = pr9t]s' types2 z f ?is expansive prop]ty are obta9$ ! mo/ p]fect impressions ( ! m\lds 9 :i* ! lett]s are ca/4 ,9 manufactories ?is metal is kn[n to ! workm5 by ! "n ( t9 glass4 ,x is "o ( ! metals :i* w inflame :5 susp5d$ 9 oxymuriatic acid gas4 ,x is g5]ally f\nd ) cobalt 9 ! cobaltic ores ( ,saxony & ,engl&4 ,native bismu?1 & sulphuret ( bismu?1 are f\nd on ! cont95t2 & a sulphuret ( bismu? has be5 discov]$ 9 ,cornwall2 b ?is is n an abundant metal4 ,if #h p>ts ( bismu?1 #e ( lead1 & #c ( t91 be melt$ toge!r1 ! mix$ metal w fuse at a heat no great] ?an #bab4 ,tea-spoons made ( ?is alloy are sold 9 ,london1 to surprise ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) _! nature4 ,!y h ! appe>ance ( common tea-spoons1 b melt z soon z !y are put into hot tea4 ,ars5ic1 :5 r$uc$ to its pure metallic /ate1 is a friable brilliant metal1 ( a bluei% :ite color1 easily t>ni%+1 or oxidiz+1 by exposure to ! air4 ,9 all its /ates x is extremely poison\s4 ,x may be kn[n by ! smell ( g>lic1 & by ! :ite fumes :i* x exhales :5 ?r[n ^u a piece ( r$-hot coal4 ,its specific gravity is #h4caj4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,bohemia1 ,hung>y1 ,saxony1 & o!r places on ! cont95t2 & 9 comb9ation ) acids1 sulphur1 or oxyg54 ,! ars5ic ( comm]ce is prep>$ 9 ,saxony1 9 ! op]ation ( roa/+ ! cobalt ores = ! manufacture ( zaffre4 ,! rev]b]atory furnace 9 :i* ! ores are roa/$ t]m9ates 9 a long horizontal *imney2 & 9 ?is *imney ! ars5ical vapors are cond5s$1 =m+ a cru/1 :i* at /at$ times is cle>$ (f by crim9als1 :o are condemn$ to ?is "w4 ,cobalt is a :iti%-grey1 brittle metal1 ne>ly resembl+ f9e h>d5$ /eel2 is difficult ( fusion1 b ob$i5t to ! magnet4 ,accord+ to ,b]gman1 its specific gravity is ab\t #g4gjj2 ?\gh ,tass>et makes x #h4ech4 ,=m]ly all our cobalt came f ,saxony4 ,! cobalt ores ( ,hesse produce a nett pr(it ( #ad1jjj a ye>1 z /at$ 9 ,born's ,travels2 ?\gh once !y 7 us$ = no o!r purpose ?an to repair ! roads4 ,b n[ cobalt is f\nd abundantly 9 ! ,m5dip hills 9 ,som]set%ire1 & 9 a m9e ne> ,p5zance 9 ,cornwall4 ,zaffre is n[ made f ! cobalt ores f\nd 9 ^! hills4 ,_h x n be5 = ! rapid promulgation ( *emical sci5ce 9 ^! k+doms1 ?is important metal might h la9 9 ! b[els ( ! e>? undiscov]$ = ages yet to come4 ,=m]ly m9]s n only ?rew cobalt aside z useless1 b !y consid]$ x s tr\blesome :5 !y f\nd x among o!r ores1 t1 z /at$ 9 ,beckmann's ,hi/ory ( ,inv5tions1 a pray] 0 us$ 9 ! ,g]man *ur*1 t ,god w\ld pres]ve m9]s f cobalt & f spirits4 ,x is n[ v valuable to ! manufactur]s ( porcela94 ,manganese is ( a d>k grey color1 brilliant1 v brittle1 ( consid]able h>dness1 & difficult fusibility4 ,its specific gravity has be5 e/imat$ by ,b]gman at #f4hej1 & by ,hielm #g4jj4 ,x is nev] f\nd native4 ,x 0 fir/ procur$ 9 its pure metallic =m by ,kaim & ,gahn betwe5 #aggj & #agge4 ,x ab\nds 9 ,am]ica1 & 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! cont95t4 ,! manganese :i* is us$ 9 ,engl&1 is obta9$ 9 a /ate ( black oxide f ,som]set%ire & ,devon4 ,x is f\nd ei!r 9 ! /ate ( an oxide or a salt4 ,b ! discov]y ( m9es ( x 9 ?is c\ntry is a new acquisition1 ow+ to ! _s ( *emical rese>*4 ,dr4 ,william ,dyce1 ( ,ab]de51 has lately communicat$ to ! ,society = ! ,promotion ( ,arts1 c1 ! discov]y ( a m9e ( great ext5t1 & v f9e quality1 9 ! vic9ity ( t t[n3 = :i* ! gold m$al ( ! ,society 0 s5t him4 ,pr(essor ,beattie1 ( ! same place1 has also discov]$ manganese 9 8 neighborhood1 on ! riv] ,don1 ( good quality4 ,s*eele discov]$ ?is metal 9 ! a%es ( burnt vegetables4 ,pr\/ has lately ann\nc$ ! discov]y ( a native sulphuret ( manganese4 ,t f ! ,bri/ol & ! ,m5dip hills g5]ally conta9s lead4 ,tung/5 is a heavy metal1 b its prop]ties are n mu* kn[n4 ,x is procur$ f a m9]al f\nd 9 ,sw$51 & f an ore call$ wolfram1 f\nd 9 ,cornwall1 ,g]many1 c4 ,x has be5 us$ 9 ,france = mak+ vegetable lakes2 b is n us$ "h4 ,?\gh x has be5 recomm5d$ z a prop] basis = colors1 x %[s 9 "s in/ances a /range fugaci\s disposition4 ,its specific gravity is #ag4fj4 ,! same may be said ( ! o!r metals1 _! prop]ties n be+ mu* kn[n4 ,molybd5um 0 fir/ procur$ 9 a metallic /ate by ,hielm1 9 ! ye> #aghb2 &1 x is believ$1 has be5 employ$ 9 "s processes ( dye+ 9 ,g]many4 ,z ! ore may be _h 9 great pl5ty1 x w probably1 "s "t h5ce1 come into g5]al use "h4 ,at pres5t x is n us$ 9 any ( ! arts4 ,its specific gravity is #h4fa4 ,uranium 0 discov]$ by ,klapro? 9 #aghi1 9 a m9]al call$ pe*bl5d2 & has s9ce be5 f\nd comb9$ ) c>bonic acid1 9 ! common gre5 mica4 ,titanium 0 fir/ notic$ 9 ! ye> #agha1 by ,mr4 ,macgregor1 9 a greyi% black s&1 f\nd 9 ! vale ( ,m5a*an 9 ,cornwall2 b has s9ce be5 discov]$ by ,klapro? 9 sev]al o!r m9]als4 ,an ore ( x occurs 9 ,transylvania1 :i* v mu* resembles yell[ s&4 ,?is metal has be5 us$ 9 ,france = pa9t+ porcela94 ,tellurium 0 discov]$ by ,klapro? 9 ! ye> #agih1 9 a p>ticul> k9d ( gold ore4 ,x has hi!rto be5 f\nd 9 quantities too small to all[ ( its be+ employ$ 9 ! arts4 ,its specific gravity is only #f4aae4 ,*romium receiv$ its "n f a prop]ty x has ( imp>t+ a lively color to a v>iety ( o!r bodies4 ,! em]ald is color$ by an oxide ( ?is metal4 ,columbium 0 discov]$ 9 a m9]al s5t f ,massa*usetts 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,tantalium 0 f\nd 9 an ore f ,sw$i% ,lapl&3 b ,dr4 ,woolla/on has lately discov]$ t ?is & columbium are id5tically ! same metal4 ,c]ium _h n be5 se5 9 a metallic =m till ,sir ,humphrey ,davy procur$ x f "s oxide discov]$ by ,hiss+] & ,b]zelius 9 #ahjd4 ,its sc>city w prev5t its be+ appli$ to any useful purpose4 ,! metals are simple sub/ances1 di/+ui%able f all o!r bodies by _! lu/re1 great specific gravity1 p]fect opacity1 & sup]ior p[] ( conduct+ electricity4 ,!y are ! great ag5ts by :i* we are enabl$ to explore ! b[els ( ! e>?1 & exam9e ! recesses ( nature4 ,_! uses are s multipli$1 t !y are become ( prime importance 9 e occupation ( life4 ,! reason :y "o metal possesses su* opposite & specific diff]5ces f ^? ( ano!r1 is n to be attribut$ to *ance1 b mu/ c]ta9ly be ! effect ( consummate wisdom & contrivance4 ,^! metals diff] s mu* f ea* o!r 9 _! degrees ( h>dness1 lu/re1 color1 ela/icity1 fusibility1 weight1 malleability1 ductility1 & t5acity1 t ! ,au?or ( nature appe>s to h _h 9 view all ! necessities ( man com+ )9 ! range ( _! op]ation4#aab ,x is n[ g5]ally admitt$ t !re are ,,=ty di/9ct metals4 ,"s ( ^! metals are ! bases ( ! alkalis1 alkal9e e>?s1 & e>?s4 ,& z ?is class ( metals is b little kn[n to ! great mass ( read]s1 "s rem>ks w be acceptable3 !y are recomm5d$ to 8 special att5tion1 z !y =m ! base ( ! only satisfactory !ory ( volcanos & e>?quakes4 ,! numb] ( metals 9 ?is class are twelve4 #a4 ,! bases ( ! ?ree alkalis1 pota%1 soda1 & li?ia4 ,! base ( pota% is ,,potasium4 ,?is metal 0 discov]$ 9 #ahjg by ,sir ,h4 ,davy4 ,its texture is cry/all9e2 color & lu/re simil> to m]cury4 ,x is solid at ! ord9>y temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e2 some:at fluid at #gj1 melts at #aej4 ,its aff9ity = oxyg5 is s great t x oxidizes rapidly 9 ! air2 & decomposes wat] in/antly ^u contact1 emitt+ heat1 flame1 & light1 z x swims on ! surface ( ! wat]1 be+ ! light] sub/ance4 ,9 ^! cases x oxidizes & becomes pota%1 by ab/ract+ oxyg5 f ! air & wat]4 ,! base ( soda is ,,sodium4 ,?is metal 0 discov]$ by ! same *emi/ ! same ye>4 ,x has ! /rong metallic lu/re ( silv]4 ,x fuses at #bjj1 & evaporates at a full r$ heat4 ,x decomposes bo? air & wat]1 b n s rapidly z potasium4 ,:5 ?r[n on wat] x eff]vesces /rongly2 & inflames ) light1 :5 ?r[n on boil+ wat]4 ,9 ^! cases soda results1 :i* is ! oxide ( sodium4 ,?is metal is ! base ( common salt4 ,! base ( li?ia is ,,li?ium4 ,?is metal 0 discov]$ 9 ,sw$5 9 #ahah1 by ,arfw$son4 ,x is ( a :ite color1 l sodium2 b oxidizes s rapidly z n to be kept 9 its pure metallic /ate4 ,its peculi> prop]ties are1 !re=e1 n s c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,its alkal9e quality is well asc]ta9$1 :5 9 comb9ation ) oxyg51 9 :i* =m x commonly appe>s4 #b4 ,! bases ( ! f\r alkal9e e>?s1 b>yta1 /rontia1 lime & magnesia4 ,! base ( b>yta is ,,b>ium4 ,?is metal 0 discov]$ by ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 9 #ahjh4 ,x is ( a d>k gray color1 v heavy1 & attracts oxyg5 v /rongly f ! air1 & f wat]1 ) eff]vesc5ce1 caus$ by ! escape ( hydrog5 gas1 & ?us becomes an oxide :i* is ! pure e>? b>yta1 ( a :ite color1 & v heavy4 ,its intimate prop]ties are n yet well kn[n4 ,! base ( /rontia1 is ,,/rontium4 ,?is metal is v mu* l b>ium1 9 color1 weight1 & p[] ( decompos+ air & wat]1 & ?us becom+ an oxide1 :i* is ! e>? /rontia4 ,yet x is satisfactorily di/+ui%$ f b>ium4 ,! base ( lime is ,,calcium4 ,?is metal 0 satisfactorily obta9$ fir/ by ,sir ,h4 ,davy4 ,x is ( a :it] color ?an ! two la/ m5tion$ metals2 & l !m decomposes ! air & wat]1 & ?us becomes lime1 :i* is an oxide ( calcium4 ,! base ( common lime/one is1 ( c\rse1 a metal4 ,! base ( magnesia is ,,magnesium4 ,?is metal 0 discov]$ by ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 b 9 v small quantities2 suffici5t1 h[ev]1 to det]m9e its /rong aff9ity = oxyg51 s z to decompose wat]1 & ?us oxidize1 & become ! e>? magnesia1 :i* is a metallic oxide4 ,! base ( common magnesia is1 ( c\rse1 a metal4 #c4 ,! bases ( ! five e>?s1 alum9a1 gluc9a1 yttria1 zirconia1 & silica4 ,! base ( alum9a is ,,alum9ium4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is metal 0 pretty satisfactorily asc]ta9$ by ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 & subsequ5tly e/abli%$ by ,whl]4 ,x is v difficult to obta9 x1 z ! prep>ation is att5d$ ) int5se heat & light4 ,:5 obta9$ x is g5]ally 9 small scales ( a metallic lu/re4 ,x requires a great heat to fuse x2 & :5 heat$ to r$ness 9 ! op5 air1 x burns ) a bright light1 & ! product is an oxide ( alum9ium1 :i* is pure clay1 ( a :ite color1 & q h>d4 ,?is oxide1 or pure clay1 is v abundant 9 ! composition ( ! e>?1 ?\gh g5]ally v mu* adult]at$4 ,x is f\nd 9 all c\ntries & us$ = mak+ bricks1 porcela9 w>e1 pipes1 c4 ,:5 pure x sometimes cry/allizes4 ,h5ce x is capable ( =m+ "s ( ! mo/ beautiful gems3 z ! sapphire & ruby1 :i* are pure cry/alliz$ clay4 ,clay1 !n1 has a metallic base4 ,! base ( gluc9a1 is ,,gluc9ium4 ,gluc9a 0 fir/ discov]$ by ,vauquel9 9 #agih1 & by analogy its base 0 suppos$ to be metallic1 :i* has s9ce be5 confirm$ by ,dr4 ,whl]1 :o has obta9$ ! base 9 ! =m ( a metal4 ,an4 de *4 et de ph4 ,sept4 #ahbh1 z quot$ by ,dr4 ,ba*e1 ,turn]'s ,*em4 p4 #cjc4 ,! base ( yttria is ,,yttrium4 ,?is metal 0 obta9$ 9 a sep>ate /ate by ,dr4 ,whl]1 7,see la/ quot$ au?ority17 ?\gh its exi/5ce 0 inf]r$ by ,godol9 :o discov]$ ! e>? :i* is an oxide ( ?is metal4 ,! base ( zirconia is ,,zirconium4 ,! e>? 0 discov]$ by ,klapro? 9 #aghi1 & its metallic base cle>ly e/abli%$ by ,b]zelius #ahbd4 ,! base ( silica is ,,silicium4 ,!re exi/s "s d\bts among *emi/s :e!r ?is base is inde$ a metal2 b !re is no d\bt b t x is combu/ible1 & t ! e>? silica1 7or silex17 is an oxide4 ,f analogy x w\ld be inf]r$ ?is base is metallic1 & ! evid5ce prepond]ates on ?is side4 ,?is oxide1 or e>?1 is v abundant4 ,x is m commonly call$ silex4 ,x is ! base ( ! :ole class ( primitive rocks1 & almo/ altoge!r con/itutes qu>tz1 fl9t1 c4 ,! read] is n[ desir$ to recollect t ?is class ( metals con/itutes ! bases ( ! alkalis1 & e>?s2 :i* are simply metallic oxides or a comb9ation ( oxyg5 ) ! metals4 ,recollect also t all ^! metals are inflammable1 & "s ( !m simply ^u exposure to air & wat]4 ,n[ z ! e>?s at ! surface ( our globe are ! results ( *emical action1 9 :i* ! oxyg5 comb9$ ) ! metals1 x is beyond a d\bt t ^! sub/ances 7 creat$ 9 _! elem5t>y & uncomb9$ /ate2 & t ! act ( comb9+ w\ld produce an inconceivable am\nt ( heat1 s z to fuse completely ! :ole mass ( our e>?2 & 9 ?is /ate ( fusion ! oxides w\ld comm5ce =m+ at ! surface *iefly2 & ?us by oxidiz+ ! metals w\ld =m ! e>?s1 rocks1 c1 :i* con/itute1 pr9cipally1 ! cru/ ( our globe4 ,:5 ?is cru/ became suffici5tly ?ick x w\ld protect ! int]ior p>ts ( ! e>? f oxidation1 by prev5t+ ! access ( air & wat]2 & !y w\ld ( c\rse rema9 9 a pure metallic /ate4 ,b1 7z is mo/ probable17 if ! mat]ials1 be+ promiscu\sly mix$ ?r\gh\t ! mass at ! comm5cem5t ( ! *emical action1 %\ld oxidize ?r\gh\t1 !n ! indurat+ ( ! cru/1 by cool+1 w\ld inclose ! int]ior p>ts 9 a /ate ( fusion1 & 9 t /ate !y rema9 to ! pres5t "t4 ,nor is ?is a/oni%+ :5 we recollect ! e>?s are almo/ p]fect non-conductors ( caloric3 ( c\rse x c\ld n escape at all ?r\gh ! cru/ ( ! e>?1 =m$ ( _m /rata ( e>?s1 9 ! %ape ( rocks1 :i*1 tak5 toge!r1 may be ab\t eight miles ?ick4 ,if1 by any concussion1 or by p]colation1 wat]1 or air %\ld rea* ^! metals 9 ! int]ior1 or ^! fus$ masses ( matt]1 ! consequ5ce w\ld be decomposition1 & ! production ( a great am\nt ( gas1 & heat1 :i* op]at+ conjo9tly1 fir/ produce e>?quakes by /ruggl+ to escape f ! cav]ns 9 :i* !y are g5]at$2 & :5 !y f9d a passage1 !y w\ld break =? into volcanos4 ,?is is ! only true & satisfactory !ory ( e>?quakes & volcanos4 ,x may be add$1 t ?is action w\ld naturally br+ to its aid ! a/oni%+ p[]s ( electricity & galvanism4 ,! =ty metals m5tion$ above1 may be class$ sci5tifically into two classes4 #a4 ,! bases ( ! alkalis1 alkal9e e>?s1 & e>?s4 ,^! are twelve3 potasium1 sodium1 & li?ium2 bases ( ! alkalis--b>ium1 /rontium1 calcium1 & magnesia2 bases ( ! alkal9e e>?s--alum9ium1 gluc9ium1 yttrium1 zirconium1 & silicium2 bases ( ! e>?s4 #b4 ,metals1 ! oxides ( :i* are nei!r alkalis1 or e>?s4 ,^! are tw5ty-eight 9 numb]1 & may be set d[n 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 gold1 silv]1 iron1 copp]1 m]cury1 lead1 t91 antimony1 z9c1 bismu?1 ars5ic1 cobalt1 plat9um1 nickel1 manganese1 tung/51 tellurium1 molybd5um1 uranium1 titanium1 *romium1 columbium1 palladium1 rhodium1 iridium1 osmium1 c]eum1 & cadmium4 ,n only ! fir/ class ( metals are combu/ible1 b ! la/ also4 ,all ! metals are n[ well kn[n to be combu/ible bodies1 & may be made to burn z really z wood4 ,gems are ( a high] ord] ?an metals1 ( a m ref9$ nature1 & consi/ ( two classes1 ! pellucid & semi-pellucid4 ,^? ( ! fir/ class are bright1 elegant1 & beautiful fossils1 naturally & ess5tially comp\nd1 ev] f\nd 9 small deta*$ masses1 extremely h>d1 & ( great lu/re4 ,^? compos+ ! second class are /ones naturally & ess5tially comp\nd1 n inflammable nor soluble 9 wat]1 f\nd 9 deta*$ masses1 & compos$ ( cry/all9e matt] debas$ by e>?3 h[ev]1 !y are b slightly debas$1 are ( great beauty & brightness1 ( a mod]ate degree ( transp>5cy1 & usually f\nd 9 small masses4 ,! k ( ! gems dep5ds pr9cipally on obs]v+ _! h>dness & color4 ,_! h>dness is commonly all[$ to /& 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ! diamond1 ruby1 sapphire1 jac9?1 em]ald1 ame?y/1 g>net1 c>neol1 *alc$ony1 onyx1 jasp]1 agate1 porphyry1 & m>ble4 ,?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 is n regul> & con/ant1 b frequ5tly v>ies4 ,9 po9t ( color1 ! diamond is valu$ = its transp>5cy1 ! ruby = its deep r$1 ! sapphire = its blue1 ! em]ald = its gre51 ! jac9? = its orange1 ! ame?y/ = its purple1 ! c>neol = its c>nation1 ! onyx = its tawny1 ! jasp]1 agate1 & porphyry1 = _! v]million1 gre51 & v>iegat$ colors1 & ! g>net = its transp>5t blood-r$4 ,!re is n a unity ( op9ion conc]n+ ! cause ( ?is diff]5ce4 8,_! colors10 says ,cron/$t1 8are commonly suppos$ to dep5d ^u metallic vapors2 b may !y n m ju/ly be suppos$ to arise f a phlogi/on unit$ ) a metallic or "s o!r e>?8 because we f9d t metallic e>?s :i* are p]fectly well calc9$ give no color to any glass2 & t ! manganese1 on ! o!r h&1 gives m color ?an c be ascrib$ to ! small quantity ( metal :i* is to be extract$ f x40 ,m4 ,magellan is ( op9ion1 t _! color is ow+ *iefly to ! mixture ( iron :i* ent]s _! composition2 b approves ! s5tim5t ( ,cron/$t1 t phlogi/on has a %>e 9 _! production1 x be+ well kn[n t ! calces ( iron :5 dephlogi/icat$1 produce ! r$ & yell[ colors ( m>ble1 & :5 phlogi/icat$ to a c]ta9 degree produce ! blue or gre5 colors4 ,) reg>d to ! texture ( gems1 ,m4 ,magellan obs]ves1 t all ( !m are foliat$ or lam9at$1 & ( v>i\s degrees ( h>dness4 ,:5ev] ! edges ( ^! lam9 are s5sible to ! eye1 !y h a fibr\s appe>ance1 & reflect v>i\s %ades ( color1 :i* *ange successively accord+ to _! angul> position to ! eye4 ,^! are call$ by ! ,fr5* *atorantes2 & :at is a blemi% 9 _! transp>5cy1 (t5 enhances _! value on acc\nt ( _! sc>city4 ,b :5 ! sub/ance ( a gem is compos$ ( a brok5 texture1 consi/+ ( v>i\s sets ( lam9 diff]5tly incl9$ to ea* o!r1 x emits at ! same "t v>i\s irradiations ( diff]5t colors1 :i* succe$ "o ano!r accord+ to _! angle ( position4 ,?is k9d ( gems has obta9$ ! "n ( opals1 :i* are valu$ 9 proportion to ! brilliancy1 beauty1 & v>iety ( _! colors4 ,_! cry/allization1 no d\bt1 dep5ds on ! same cause :i* produces t ( salts1 e>?s1 & metals3 b z to ! p>ticul> configuration ( ea* species ( gems1 we c h>dly dep5d ^u any individual =m z a crit]ion to asc]ta9 ea* k9d2 & :5 we h att5d$ ) ! utmo/ c>e to all t has be5 writt5 on ! subject1 we are at la/ oblig$ to appeal to *emical analysis1 because x v (t5 assumes v>i\s =ms4#aac 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ri* treasures ( ! e>? are )9 x1 obs]ves a wor?y au?or1 s t !y _c be discov]$ & br\ght to ! surface )\t ! labor ( man2 yet !y are n plac$ s deep1 z to r5d] 8 ex]tion ineffectual4 ,?us no?+ b :at is comp>atively wor?less is to be f\nd by ! indol5t on ! surface ( life4 ,e ?+ valuable mu/ be obta9$ by dilig5t rese>* & s$ul\s ef=t4 ,all wisdom1 sci5ce1 art & exp]i5ce1 are hidd5 at a prop] dep? = ! ex]cise ( intellect1 & !y :o b5d _! att5tion to any ( ^! objects %all n be disappo9t$ 9 _! pursuit4 ,! treasures ( wisdom1 :i* are display$ 9 ! r$emption ( mank9d by ,jesus ,*ri/1 & record$ 9 ! ,div9e ,oracles1 d n lie ^u ! surface ( ! lett]1 = e sup]ficial read] to obs]ve !m3 !re=e our ,"l says1 8,se>* ! ,scriptures40 ,! ^w 1 comp\nd$ ( 1 ,i seek1 & 1 a b$1 is1 says ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 8a metaphor tak5 f ^? :o dig deep & se>* = metals 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,!y look = ! b$ :]e ! metal lies1 & break e clod1 & sift & exam9e ! :ole1 9 ord] to discov] ! ore40 ,9 ,leigh's ,critica ,sacra1 we meet ) ^! obs]vations1 illu/rative ( ! ,greek ^w--8,se>*2 t is1 %ake & sift !m1 z ! ^w signifies3 se>* n>r[ly1 till ! true =ce & mean+ ( e s5t5ce1 yea1 ( e ^w & syllable1 nay1 ( e lett] & yod !re91 be kn[n & und]/ood4 ,conf] place ) place2 ! scope ( "o place ) t ( ano!r2 ?+s go+ be=e ) ?+s com+ aft]3 comp>e ^w ) ^w1 lett] ) lett]1 & se>* x ?or\ghly40 ,! ,holy ,scriptures conta9 ! mo/ invaluable treasures1 a complete collection ( doctr9es1 precepts1 & promises1 necess>y to ev]la/+ happ9ess4 ,9 ?is respect !y h a peculi> advantage above all ! writ+s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ philosoph]s 9 ! hea!n _w4 ,! ,bible pres5ts an exact model ( religion1 = ! in/ruction & common b5efit ( mank9d4 ,"h we h1 9 a n>r[ compass1 all ! ?+s necess>y to be kn[n1 believ$1 & practis$1 9 ord] to our salvation2 = x is1 8a lamp to our feet1 & a light to our pa?40 ,we are taught ! k ( ! only liv+ & true ,god1 8 spiritual nature1 adorable p]fections1 & ende>+ relations to 8 rational creatures3 s t ! meane/ ,*ri/ian :o c read1 may arrive at m true & j notions ( him1 ?an ! wise/ hea!n sages c\ld atta91 :o z ! ,apo/le intimates1 did only grope aft] him 9 ! d>k4--,we are in=m$ h[ ,adam 0 creat$1 h[ he fell1 & :at is ! consequ5ce ( 8 transgression to all 8 po/]ity3 ! mo/ celebrat$ hea!ns 7 n able to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( moral evil1 z affect+ ! human race4 ,! glori\s plan ( r$emption by ,jesus ,*ri/ is set be=e u1 9 its comm5cem5t1 progress1 & completion2 :i* is ! highe/ display ( ! moral p]fections ( ,god1 & att5d$ ) ! mo/ b5eficial advantages to man4--,! rules ( duty1 all ! ag5da ( religion1 or ?+s to be done1 are pla9ly /at$1 & prop]ly en=c$4 ,promises1 conta9+ p>don1 adoption1 sanctification1 & et]nal life1 are e :]e int]sp]s$1 & are 8yea1 & am51 9 ,*ri/40 ,our obligation to se>* ! ,scriptures1 & by t means acqua9t ourselves ) _! valuable cont5ts1 appe>s f ! necessity & design ( committ+ !m to writ+4 ,/4 ,paul says1 8,all scripture is giv5 by inspiration ( ,god1 & is pr(itable = doctr9e1 = repro(1 = correction1 = in/ruction 9 righte\sness3 t ! man ( ,god may be p]fect1 ?or\ghly furni%$ unto all good works40 ,b h[ c !y contribute to ^! important ends )\t be+ read8 ,:at effect c\ld ! m]e writ+ ( !m h on mank9d1 to in=m ! judgm5t & regulate ! life8 ,h[ c\ld ,*ri/ian motives h prop] influ5ce1 if ! ,sacr$ ,volume 7 neglect$8 ,is x n an insult to common s5se1 to ass]t t ! ,scriptures 7 writt5 = our in/ruction & admonition1 b x is n necess>y to p]use !m to le>n :at !y tea*8 ,to h a ,bible1 & n to read x1 = direction 9 ! way ( tru? & hol9ess1 w\ld n be att5d$ ) any peculi> advantage4 ,preci\s metals1 deposit$ 9 ! e>?1 mu/ be procur$ to be r5d]$ b5eficial4 ,! ,holy ,scriptures conta9 ! revelation ( ,god to mank9d1 decl>e 8 w ) c]ta9ty1 & are ! prescrib$ means ( salvation3 ! ,apo/le says1 8!y are able to make u wise unto salvation1 ?r\gh fai? t is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus40 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnotes - ,*apt] ,,iv #gd ,b5son on ,g54 i1 #i1 #aj4 #ge ,contemplative ,philosoph]1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #agg-agi4 #gf ,m4 ,sav>y1 9 8 in/ructive & ent]ta9+ ,lett]s on ,greece1 has ! foll[+ p]t95t reflections3 8,we enjoy ! f9e/ wea!r imag9able2 n a cl\d obscures ! sky1 & a s\?-ea/ w9d wafts u directly t[>ds ! port to :i* our wi%es t5d4 ,we h n[ entirely lo/ sight ( l&1 &1 z f> z ! eye c rea*1 only view ! imm5se abyss ( ! wat]s1 & ! va/ expanse ( ! heav5s4 ,h[ awful is ?is sight6 ,h[ does x inspire ! m9d ) great ideas6 ,h[ adv5tur\s is man1 :o tru/s 8 =tune & 8 life to ?is frail vessel he has built1 :i* a worm may pi]ce1 or a s+le bla/ da% to pieces aga9/ a rock4 ,yet 9 ?is he braves ! fury ( ! ocean6 ,b h[ admirable is 8 +5uity6 ,he comm&s ! w9ds1 en*a9s !m 9 ! canvas1 & =ces !m to conduct him :]e he pleases4 ,he sails f "o end ( ! _w to ! o!r1 & trav]ses ! imm5se liquid pla9s )\t any signals to direct him4 ,he reads 8 c\rse 9 ! heav5s4 ,a ne$le1 :i* wond]fully po9ts p]petually to ! pole1 & ! obs]vation ( ! />s1 in=m him :]e he is4 ,a few l9es & po9ts m>k out to him ! isl&s1 coa/s1 & %oals1 :i* 8 skill enables him to approa* or avoid at pleasure4 ,yet has he cause to tremble1 not)/&+ all 8 sci5ce & all 8 g5ius6 ,! fire ( ! cl\ds is k9dl+ ov] 8 head1 & may consume 8 dwell+4 ,unfa?omable gulfs are yawn+ b5ea? 8 feet1 & he is sep>at$ f !m only by a s+le plank4 ,8 confid5ce might make u imag9e he knew himself immortal2 yet he mu/ die--die nev] to revive aga91 except 9 ano!r /ate ( be+40 #gg ,z x is sometimes necess>y to pres]ve sea wat] 9 casks = ba?+ & o!r purposes1 x is ( importance to "k h[ to keep x f putrefaction4 ,dr4 ,h5ry f _m exp]im5ts made by him = ! pres]vation ( sea wat] f putrefaction1 has conclud$1 t two scruples ( quick-lime are suffici5t to pres]ve a qu>t ( sea wat]4 ,! proportions1 h[ev]1 may v>y a little accord+ to ! /r5g? ( quick-lime employ$4 #gh 8,fro/s (t5 occasion a scant9ess ( wat] 9 our f\nta9s & wells4 ,?is is sometimes errone\sly acc\nt$ = by suppos+ t ! wat] freezes 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,b ?is1 z ,dr4 ,robison rem>ks1 is a great mi/ake3 ! mo/ int5se cold ( a ,sib]ian w9t] w\ld n freeze ! gr\nd two feet deep2 b a v mod]ate fro/ w consolidate ! :ole surface ( a c\ntry1 & make x imp]vi\s to ! air2 especially if ! fro/ h be5 prec$$ by ra91 :i* has soak$ ! surface4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1 ! wat] :i* 0 flitt]+ ?r\gh ! gr\nd is all arre/$1 & kept susp5d$ 9 its capill>y tubes by ! pressure ( ! air40 ,hay's ,nat4 ,phil4 p4 #aih4 #gi ,dr4 ,black's ,lectures1 vol4 i4 p4 #fi4 #hj ,see ,ellis's voyage to ,hudson's ,bay4 #ha ,/4 ,pi]re's ,/udies1 vol4 i1 pp4 #abi-acb4 #hb ,see #ba/ volume ( ! ,philosophical ,magaz9e4 #hc ,! specific gravity ( wat] is z foll[s2 a w9e-p9t measure weighs "o p\nd2 consequ5tly a cubic foot ( wat] weighs ab\t #a1jjj ounces1 or #fb p\nds1 avoirdupois4 ,x is #haf times heavi] ?an atmosph]ic air4 #hd ,p>kes's ,*emical ,cate*ism1 p4 #ajh4 #he ,hay's ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aig1 #aih4 #hf ,p>kes's ,*emical ,cate*ism1 pp4 #id1 #ie4 #hg ,p>kes's ,*emical ,cate*ism1 p4 #ib4 #hh ,driess5 on ! ,nature ( ,sn[4 #hi ,?omson's ,*emi/ry1 vol4 i1 p4 #cfe4 #ij 8,! ,engli% ^w hail1 9 ,lat9 gr&o1 9 ,greek 1 gives u no in=mation ab\t ! nature ( ! ?+3 b1 if we take ! ^w ,be,re,d 9 ,hebrew1 x resolves itself into 441 :i* signifies 9 desc5su1 & s describes to u ! physiological =mation ( hail3 :i*1 z philosoph]s agree1 is fir/ =m$ into drops ( ra91 &1 z x falls1 is froz5 into hail40 ,jones's ,lett] on ! ,use ( ! ,hebrew ,language4 #ia ,dr4 ,cl>ke on ,exod4 ix1 #ah4 #ib ,see ,dr4 ,paley's ,natural ,!ology1 p4 #djg4 #ic ,!re are hot sp\t+ spr+s ( wat] 9 ,icel&1 ( :i* a travell] says1 8,ne> ,laug]vatan1 a small lake ab\t two days' j\rney di/ant f ,m\nt ,hecla1 we beheld ! /eam ( ! hot spr+s ris+ 9 eight diff]5t places1 "o ( :i* ( :i* cont9ually ?rew up into ! air a column ( wat] f eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r feet high4 ,! wat] 0 extremely hot1 s t a piece ( mutton & "s salmon tr\ts 7 almo/ boil$ to pieces 9 x 9 six m9utes4 ,at ,gys]1 n f> f ,skallholt1 "o ( ! ,episcopal sees 9 ,icel&1 )9 ! circumf]5ce ( ?ree ,engli% miles1 =ty or fifty boil+ spr+s are se5 toge!r2 & ! l>ge/1 :i* is 9 ! middle1 p>ticul>ly engag$ our att5tion ! :ole ( ! day t we sp5t "h4 ,! ap]ture ?r\gh :i* ! wat] arose is n9ete5 feet 9 diamet]2 & r\nd ! top is a bas9 n9e feet high] ?an ! conduit4 ,"h ! wat] does n cont9ually1 b only by int]vals sev]al times a day2 &1 z ,i 0 in=m$ by ! ,icel&]s1 9 wet wea!r high] !n at o!r times4 ,on ! day we 7 !re ! wat] sp\t$ t5 diff]5t times1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( six & elev5 9 ! morn+1 ea* "t ! height ( fifty or sixty feet4 ,be=e1 ! wat] _h n ris5 above ! m>g9 ( ! pipe2 b n[ x began by degrees to fill ! upp] bas91 & at la/ to run ov]4 ,our guides told u t ! wat] w\ld soon sp\t up mu* high] ?an x _h done4 ,soon aft] f\r o'clock we obs]v$ t ! e>? began to tremble 9 ?ree diff]5t places2 z well z ! top ( a m\nta9 :i* 0 ab\t ?ree hundr$ fa?oms di/ant f ! m\? ( ! spr+4 ,we also frequ5tly he>d a subt]rane\s noise1 l ! dis*>ge ( a cannon2 & imm$iately aft]w>ds a column ( wat] sp\t$ f ! op5+1 :i* at a great height divid$ itself into sev]al rays1 & accord+ to our obs]vation 0 n9ety-two feet high4 ,our great surprise at ?is uncommon =ce ( ! air & fire 0 increas$1 :5 _m /ones :i* we _h flung into ! ap]ture wore ?r[n up aga9 ) ! sp\t+ wat]40 ,troil4 #id ,sav>y1 ,newcom51 ,cawley1 ,watt1 & ,b\lton1 ,engli%m52 & ,betanc\rt & ! bro!rs ,p]ri]1 ,fr5*m52 are names well kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( /eam-eng9es4 ,& ^? p]sons :o wi% to acqua9t !mselves ) ! pr9ciples & mann] ( op]ation ( ?is mo/ important class ( ma*9es1 says ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory1 may be ref]r$ to ! foll[+ "w3--,! ,rep]tory ( ,arts & ,manufactures1 ! ,philosophical ,j\rnal1 & ! ,philosophical ,magaz9e1 9 v>i\s places2 ! second volume ( ,mr4 ,brew/]'s edition ( ,f]guson's ,select ,lectures1 ! second volume ( ,gregory's ,me*anics1 & ! second volume ( ,prony's treatise entitl$ ,n\velle ,ar*itecture ,hydraulique4 #ie ,plym\? ,*ronicle4 #if ,:itehur/'s ,inquiry into ! ,orig9al ,/ate & ,=mation ( ! ,e>?4 #ig ,exam9ation ( ,dr4 ,burnet's ,!ory ( ! ,e>?1 pp4 #ib1 #ic4 #ih ,! sub/ances ( :i* vegetables are compos$1 n[ am\nt to fifte5 9 numb]2 b almo/ ! :ole ( vegetable sub/ances are compos$ ( f\r +r$i5ts1 namely1 c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 & azote4 ,( ^!1 ! la/1 namely1 azote1 =ms b a small proportion ev5 ( ^? vegetable sub/ances ( :i* x is a con/itu5t "p1 :ile1 into _m1 x does n ent] at all4--,contemplative ,philosoph]1 vol4 i4 p4 #aej4 #ii ,( ! efficacy ( wat] 9 vegetation1 we h on record "s rem>kable in/ances4 ,t vegetables w gr[ 9 wooll5 clo?1 moss1 & 9 o!r insoluble m$ia1 besides soils provid$ !y be suppli$ ) wat]1 has be5 repeat$ly %[n s9ce ! days ( ,van ,helmont & ,boyle3 b ! exp]im5ts ( a mod]n au?or1 says ,mr4 ,p>kes1 f _! app>5t correctness1 seem m highly int]e/+ & conclusive4 ,se$s ( plants 7 s[n 9 pure riv]-s&1 9 li?>ge1 9 fl[]s ( sulphur1 & ev5 among metal1 or common lead5 %ot2 & 9 e in/ance no?+ employ$ = _! n\ri%m5t b di/ill$ wat]4 ,! plants ?rove1 & pass$ ?r\gh all ! usual gradations ( gr[? to p]fect maturity4 ,! au?or !n proce$$ to ga!r ! entire produce1 ! roots1 /ems1 leaves1 pods1 se$s1 c4 ,^! 7 accurately weigh$1 dri$1 & aga9 weigh$1 !n submitt$ to di/illation1 inc9]ation1 lixivation1 & ! o!r ord9>y means us$ 9 a c>eful analysis4 ,?us he obta9$ f ^! vegetables all ! mat]ials peculi> to ea* individual species1 precisely z if x _h be5 cultivat$ 9 a natural soil--viz4 ! v>i\s e>?s1 ! alkalies1 acids1 metals1 c>bon1 sulphur1 phosphorus1 nitrog51 c4 ,he concludes ?is v important pap] ne>ly 9 ^! extraord9>y words3 8,oxyg5 & hydrog51 ) ! assi/ance ( sol> light1 appe> to be ! only elem5t>y sub/ances employ$ 9 ! con/itution ( ! :ole univ]se2 & ,nature1 9 h] simple progress works ! mo/ inf9itely div]sifi$ effects by ! slighte/ modifications 9 ! means %e employs40--,see ,re*]*es sur la ,=ce assimilatrice dans les ,vgtaux1 p> ,m4 ,h5ri ,braconnot1 ,annales de ,*imie1 ,fev4 et ,m>s1 #ahjh4 #ajj ,he 0 born at ,v]ona1 ( an illu/ri\s family2 & at ! foot ( ,vesuvius1 :ile attempt+ to asc]ta9 ! cause ( an extraord9>y cl\d issu+ !refrom1 01 by ! sulphure\s exhalation f ! burn+ lava1 suffocat$1 ,a4,d4 #gi4 #aja ,! ,tabacum1 or common ,tobacco plant1 0 fir/ discov]$ 9 ,am]ica1 by ! ,spani>ds1 ab\t ! ye> #aefj1 & by !m import$ into ,europe4 ,x _h be5 us$ by ! inhabitants ( ,am]ica long be=e2 & 0 call$ by ! inhabitants ( ! isl&s1 yoli1 & by ^? ( ! cont95t1 ptux4 ,x 0 s5t into ,spa9 f ,tabaco1 a prov9ce ( ,yucatan1 :]e x 0 fir/ discov]$1 & f :5ce x takes its common "n4 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh is g5]ally said to h be5 ! fir/ :o introduc$ x into ,engl&1 ab\t ! ye> #aehe1 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 & :o taught 8 c\ntrym5 h[ to smoke x4 ,! foll[+ anecdote is relat$ ( him4 ,he hav+ imitat$ ! ,indians 9 smok+ ?is plant1 at l5g? s mu* delight$ 9 x1 t he 0 unwill+ to disuse x on 8 return to ,engl&2 & !re=e suppli$ himself ) sev]al hog%eads1 :i* he plac$ 9 8 own /udy1 & g5]ally indulg$ himself ) smok+ secretly two or ?ree pipes a day4 ,he _h a simple man1 :o wait$ at 8 /udy door1 to br+ him up daily a tank>d ( old ale & nutmeg1 & he always laid aside 8 pipe :5 he he>d him approa*+4 ,"o day1 be+ e>ne/ly engag$ 9 read+ "s book :i* amus$ him1 ! man abruptly ent]$1 &1 surpris$ at see+ 8 ma/] envelop$ 9 smoke1 7a sight p]fectly new to him7 ! smoke asc5d+ 9 ?ick vapors f 8 m\? & ! b[l ( ! tobacco-pipe1 imm$iately ?rew ! ale 9 8 ma/]'s face1 ran d[n /airs1 & al>m$ ! family ) repeat$ exclamations1 t 8 ma/] 0 on fire 9 ! inside1 & t if !y did n make ha/e1 be=e !y c\ld get up /airs1 he w\ld be burn$ to a%es4 #ajb ,taylor on rem>kable ,trees1 ,plants1 & ,%rubs4 #ajc ,evangelical ,magaz9e1 ,janu>y1 #ahad4 #ajd ,dr4 ,black1 ii4 #fid4 #aje ,phil4 ,trans4 = #agif4 #ajf ,see ,mr4 ,hit*5's ,pap]1 9 ,phil4 ,trans4 vol4 xci4 p4 #aei4 #ajg ,/or*'s ,picture ( ,pet]sburgh1 p4 #ccj4 #ajh ,sev]al salts are =m$ by art ) ?is metal = m$ic9al purposes4 ,"o ( ! mo/ valuable is calomel1 :i* is made by triturat+ fluid m]cury ) corrosive sublimate1 & !n submitt+ ! mixture to sublimation4 ,z ?is m$ic9e is mu* us$ 9 private families1 & z dreadful consequ5ces might ensue if x 7 improp]ly prep>$1 x ought to be g5]ally kn[n1 says ,mr4 ,p>kes1 t if x be n p]fectly insipid to ! ta/e1 & indissoluble by long boil+ 9 wat]1 x conta9s a portion ( oxymuriate ( m]cury1 or corrosive sublimate1 & consequ5tly is poison\s4 #aji ,mon?ly ,review1 ,app5dix1 vol4 xxvii4 ,n4,s4 p4 #eea4 #aaj ,/or*'s ,picture ( ,pet]sburgh1 p4 #cai4 #aaa ,9 dome/ic economy1 ! necessity ( keep+ copp] vessels always clean is g5]ally ackn[l$g$2 b x may n p]haps be s well kn[n1 t fat & oily sub/ances1 & vegetable acids1 d n attack copp] :ile hot2 &1 !re=e1 if no liquor be ev] suff]$ to gr[ cold 9 ^! ut5sils1 !y may be us$ = e cul9>y purpose ) p]fect safety4--,dr4 ,p]cival gives an acc\nt ( a "y lady :o amus$ h]self1 :ile h] hair 0 dress+1 ) eat+ samphire pickle impregnat$ ) copp]4 ,%e soon compla9$ ( pa9 9 ! /oma*1 & 9 five days vomit+ comm5c$1 :i* 0 incessant = two days4 ,aft] ?is h] /oma* became prodigi\sly di/5d$3 & 9 n9e days aft] eat+ ! pickle1 dea? reliev$ h] f h] suff]+s4 ,m$ical ,transactions1 vol4 iii1 p4 #hj4 #aab ,! mat]ials =m+ ne>ly ! :ole ( ?is ,section h be5 select$ & arrang$ f ! sev5? ,edition ( ,p>kes's ,*emical ,cate*ism3 a "w ( peculi> int]e/1 & :i* 0 confid5tly recomm5d$ to ! ,au?or by a physician & *emi/ ( di/+ui%$ celebrity4 #aac ,see ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,f\r? ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,! ,,sun4 ,signs -- ,names -- ,nature -- ,motions -- ,=m -- ,magnitude -- ,di/ance -- ,susp5sion -- ,idolatr\s wor%ip ( ! ,sun -- ,! ,sun an ,emblem ( ,*ri/4 ,on ! f\r? day1 8,god said1 ,let !re be lights 9 ! firmam5t ( ! heav5 to divide ! day f ! night1 & let !m be = signs1 & = seasons1 & = days1 & ye>s3 & let !m be = lights 9 ! firmam5t ( ! heav5 to give light ^u ! e>?3 & x 0 s4 ,& ,god made two great lights2 ! great] light to rule ! day1 & ! less] light to rule ! night3 he made ! />s also4 ,& ,god set !m 9 ! firmam5t ( ! heav51 to give light ^u ! e>?1 & to rule ov] ! day & ov] ! night1 & to divide ! light f ! d>kness40 ,! light :i* _h hi!rto be5 scatt]$ & confus$1 0 n[ collect$ & =m$ into sev]al lum9>ies1 & s r5d]$ m glori\s & ( great] utility4 ,a s5sible & pi\s au?or obs]ves1 t n only ! two great lights1 :i* 7 made aft] a special mann] to rule ! day & ! night1 b1 9 g5]al1 all ! lights 9 ! firmam5t ( ! heav51 are said to be = signs & = seasons2 or1 z "s r5d] ! words1 8= signs ( ! seasons40 ,& inde$ ?is seems to be ! mean+ ( ! inspir$ writ]4 ,z = ! mann] ( expression1 8= signs & = seasons10 x is v common 9 ! ,hebrew1 z well z 9 _m o!r languages1 & is a figurative way ( spee*1 express+ ^? ?+s disjunctively1 :i* mu/ by ! und]/&+ be jo9$ toge!r4 ,fir/1 ^! lights are said to be = signs1 & !n ! ?+s are m5tion$ :i* !y are to signify1 namely1 ! seasons1 ! days1 & ! ye>s3 :]eas1 if we und]/& ! ^w signs 9 an indef9ite s5se1 & n conf9$ to :at foll[s1 we are ?r\gh ! :ole text left 9 great unc]ta9ty2 see+ t !re are signs appo9t$ 9 ! heav5 = "s purpose or o!r1 b n kn[+ = :at4 ,besides1 if we mu/ take all ! p>ts ( ! text disjunctively1 !n 8! lights 9 ! firmam5t0 mu/ be tak5 = seasons1 & = days1 & = ye>s1 z well z = signs4 ,b we "k1 t ! cele/ial bodies are n !mselves seasons1 & days1 & ye>s1 b only signs ( !m1 by su* p>ticul> motions & aspects1 z ,god1 accord+ to ! laws ( nature1 has orda9$ !m4 ,nei!r c ,i see reason to believe1 t e motion or position ( ! heav5ly bodies has a special signification 9 x3 ?\gh s]v+ 9 g5]al to display ! wisdom & p[] ( ,god1 9 _! regul> c\rses4 ,! sun1 inde$1 :i* is call$ ! great] light1 is said to rule ! day1 z x is by ! appe>ance ( 8 light1 increas+ & decreas+1 t we measure ! l5g? ( ! day2 & ! moon likewise to rule ! night1 p>tly on ! l acc\nt4 ,?us likewise ! sun's c\rse 7if we may s call x7 is a det]m9+ sign ( ! beg9n+ & end+ ( ! ye>1 & ( its v>i\s seasons4 ,& 9 g5]al1 ! sun1 ! moon1 & ! o!r lights1 are necess>y signs ( ! seasons ( s[+1 reap+1 plant+1 & are useful 9 navigation1 z well z o!r arts4 ,co/>d1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,a/ronomy1 makes "s critical rem>ks on ! "n ( ?is great] light4 ,he says1 ,! sun is1 by ! ,greeks1 call$ 3 :i* is no?+ m ?an ! ,hebrew ^w ,el1 modell$ aft] ! ,greek mann] ( pronunciation1 & signifies ,"l2 ! fir/ idolatr\s wor%ip be+ paid to ?is planet4 ,9 ! ,hebrew language x is call$ ,%eme%1 & 9 ! ,*aldee ,%im%a1 f ,%ame%1 to m9i/]1 on acc\nt ( its adm9i/]+ light & heat to ?is _w4 ,f ?is prop]ty ( communicat+ heat1 x is also call$ ,hammah4 ,by ! ,phnician idolat]s x seems to h be5 call$ ,baal1 or ,baal-,%amim1 ! ,"l ( ,heav54 ,& on acc\nt ( ! suppos$ swiftness ( its diurnal motion f ea/ to we/1 x _h a *>iot d$icat$ to x at ,sidon1 an anci5t t[n ( ,phnicia4 ,su* a *>iot is /ill se5 on ! co9s ( t place4 ,?is sup]/ition 0 likewise imitat$ by ! idolatr\s ,jews3 = we read ( ! horses :i* ! k+s ( ,judah _h giv51 or d$icat$1 to ! sun4 ,by ! ,*aldeans x seems to h be5 call$ ,bel1 & by ! ,assyrians ,pul2 &1 ) ! addition1 sometimes ( ab1 or ap1 i4e4 fa!r1 - ,ap-,pul1 or ,fa!r-,"l2 f :5ce ! ,greeks =m$ _! 1 ano!r "n giv5 by !m to ! sun4 ,! "n ( ?is lum9>y1 among ! ,romans1 0 sol2 giv5 m probably1 on acc\nt ( 8 scor*+ heat 9 ! summ]1 or f 8 det]m9+ ! l5g? ( ! ye> by 8 c\rse1 ?an because he appe>$ solus1 alone1 accord+ to ! d]ivation giv5 by ,macrobius4 ,! nature ( ! sun is a subject :i* has n only excit$ ! mo/ dilig5t inquiry among m5 ( sci5tific k1 b ! op9ions conc]n+ x h pass$ ?r\gh a v>iety ( vicissitudes4 ,! sun be+ evid5tly ! s\rce ( light & heat1 0 by ! anci5ts consid]$ to be a globe ( fire4 ,b ,dr4 ,h]s*ell's discov]ies1 by means ( 8 imm5sely l>ge telescopes1 t5d to prove1 t :at we call ! sun is only ! atmosph]e ( t lum9>y3 8t ?is atmosph]e consi/s ( v>i\s ela/ic fluids1 :i* are m or less transp>5t2 t z ! cl\ds surr\nd+ our e>? are probably decompositions ( "s ( ! ela/ic fluids belong+ to ! atmosph]e itself1 s we may suppose t 9 ! va/ atmosph]e ( ! sun simil> decompositions may take place1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! decompositions ( ! ela/ic fluids ( ! sun are ( a phosphoric nature1 & are att5d$ by lucid appe>ances1 by giv+ out light40 ,! body ( ! sun ?is celebrat$ a/ronom] consid]s z hidd5 g5]ally f u1 by means ( ?is lum9\s atmosph]e2 t :at are call$ macul1 or spots on ! sun1 are real op5+s 9 ?is atmosph]e1 ?r\gh :i* ! opaque body ( ! sun becomes visible2 t ?is atmosph]e itself is n fi]y nor hot1 b is ! in/rum5t :i* ,god design$ to act on ! caloric or lat5t heat2 & t heat is only produc$ by ! sol> light act+ on & comb9+ ) ! caloric or matt] ( fire conta9$ 9 ! air1 & o!r sub/ances :i* are heat$ by x4 ,?is indefatigable inve/igator ( ! heav5ly ph5om5a %[s1 by _m sub/antial pro(s1 drawn f natural philosophy1 t heat is produc$ by ! sun's rays only :5 !y act on a calorific m$ium2 & t !y cause ! production ( heat by unit+ ) ! matt] ( fire :i* is conta9$ 9 ! sub/ances t are heat$1--z ! collision ( fl9t & /eel w inflame a magaz9e ( gunp[d]1 by unit+ ) its lat5t fire1 & br+ ! :ole into action4 ,?is po9t is capable ( a v cle> elucidation4 8,on ! tops ( m\nta9s1 & at heights to :i* ! cl\ds seldom rea* to %elt] !m f ! direct rays ( ! sun1 we always f9d regions ( ice & sn[4 ,n[ if ! sun's rays !mselves convey$ all ! heat we f9d on ! e>?1 x w\ld ( c\rse be hotte/ 9 situations simil> to ! tops ( m\nta9s1 :]e _! c\rse is lea/ int]rupt$4 ,b all ^? :o h asc5d$ 9 balloons confirm ! coldness ( ! upp] regions ( ! atmosph]e2 &1 !re=e1 s9ce ev5 on ! e>? ! heat ( ! situation dep5ds on ! facility ) :i* ! m$ium yields to ! impression ( ! sun's rays1 we h only to admit1 t1 on ! sun itself1 ! fluids compos+ its atmosph]e1 & ! matt] on its surface1 are ( su* a nature z n to be capable ( any excessive heat f its own rays4 ,x is also a well kn[n fact1 t ! focus ( ! l>ge/ burn+ l5s ?r[n into ! air1 w occasion no heat 9 ! place :]e x has be5 kept = a consid]able "t1 al?\gh its p[]s ( excit+ heat1 :5 prop] bodies are expos$ to x1 %\ld be suffici5t to melt or fuse ! mo/ refractory metals40 ,t ! sun is a lum9\s1 & n an igne\s body1 has met ) ! g5]al cons5t ( mod]n philosoph]s2 an op9ion to :i* e new discov]y 9 philosophy gives additional support4 ,! telescope1 said to h be5 inv5t$ by ! *ildr5 ( a spectacle-mak] at ,middleburgh1 9 ! ye> #aeij1 b fir/ br\ght to su* a degree ( p]fection by ,galileo z to make any consid]able discov]ies 9 ! cele/ial regions1 has l$ to ! mo/ important results 9 ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy4 ,among :i* are ! spots 9 ! sun's disk1 by ^: motion f we/ to ea/ ! sun is p]ceiv$ to revolve ^u 8 own axis 9 #be days1 #ad h\rs1 #h m9utes4 ,?is revolution ( ! sun r\nd 8 own axis is probably n ! only motion :i* ?is lum9>y exp]i5ces4 ,!re is great reason to believe t he has ano!r motion1 ei!r rectil9e>1 or r\nd "s indef9itely remote c5tre ( attraction4 ,9 ?is la/ c\rse1 he c>ries along ) him1 ?r\gh space1 ! entire sy/em ( planets1 satellites1 & comets2 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* ea* planet draws 8 satellites along ) him 9 8 motion r\nd ! sun4 ,he communicates light & heat to at lea/ tw5ty opaque bodies1 :i* revolve r\nd him1 at diff]5t di/ances1 9 ellipses t diff] b little f circles4 ,f ! motion ( ! spots1 :i* is sometimes /raight & sometimes curv$1 we le>n t ! sun's axis is n p]p5dicul> to ! plane ( 8 ecliptic1 b incl9$ to x1 or ! plane ( ! e>?'s annual orbit1 s z to =m an angle ( ab\t #hc degrees4 ,*ri/oph] ,s*e9]1 a mo/ dilig5t obs]v] ( ^! spot's 9 ! sun's disk1 publi%$ a treatise conc]n+ !m 9 ,a4,d4 #afbf4 ,^! spots are sometimes se5 to increase to a v l>ge size1 & to cont9ue = a consid]able "t4 ,9 ! ye> #aggi1 !re 0 a spot on ! sun's disk :i* 0 l>ge en\gh to be se5 ) ! nak$ eye3 x 0 divid$ into two p>ts1 & mu/ h be5 #ej1jjj miles 9 diamet]3 ?is1 & o!r ph5om5a ( ! same k9d1 may be acc\nt$ = f "s natural *ange ( ! atmosph]e4 ,= if "s ( ! fluids :i* ent] into its composition be ( a %9+ brilliancy1 :ile o!rs are m]ely transp>5t1 !n any tempor>y cause remov+ ! lucid fluid1 w p]mit u to see ! body ( ! sun ?r\gh ! transp>5t ones4 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell supposes t ! spots 9 ! sun are m\nta9s on its surface1 :i*1 consid]+ ! great attraction ex]t$ by ?is lum9>y ^u bodies plac$ at its surface1 & ! sl[ revolution x has ab\t its axis1 he ?9ks may be m ?an #cjj miles 9 height1 & yet n be r5d]$ un/able by ! c5trifugal =ce4 ,!re appe>s to be a discrepancy betwe5 ?is la/ /atem5t--8,dr4 ,h]s*ell supposes t ! spots 9 ! sun are m\nta9s on 8 surface20--& ! /atem5t made a few p>agraphs prec$+--8t :at are call$ macul1 or spots on ! sun1 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell ?\ght to be real op5+s 9 8 atmosph]e1 ?r\gh :i* ! opake body ( ! sun becomes visible40 ,^! /atem5ts mu/ h be5 made at diff]5t p]iods ( 8 obs]vations on ! sun1 :i* cont9u$ ab\t fifte5 ye>s4 ,! la/ /atem5t 01 d\btless1 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell's mature op9ion4 ,z ?is seems to be a settl$ "q among philosoph]s2 & z x has induc$ ! enlight5$ _w to reg>d ! sun z a habitable globe1 x w n be out ( place to enl>ge a little on ?is po9t4 ,! spots on ! sun's surface has l$ to ! conclusion above1 & also to a det]m9ation ( ! motion ( ! sun ar\nd 8 own axis4 ,!y appe> to h be5 obs]v$1 = ! fir/ "t1 9 ,a4,d4 #afaj1 by ,fabricius & ,h>riot2 ! fir/ 9 ,g]many1 ! second 9 ,engl&4 ,x is unc]ta9 :i* notic$ !m fir/2 b x is c]ta9 ! discov]y 0 orig9al ) bo?4 ,aft] ! obs]vations ( ^! two =tunate p]sons 7 kn[n1 ! att5tion ( ! sci5tific 0 direct$ to ?is ph5om5on4 ,s*e9] suppos$ ! spots to be planets :i* revolv$ v ne> ! sun4 ,9 process ( unwe>i$ obs]vations1 x 0 asc]ta9$ t ^! spots *ang$ _! positions4 ,sometimes two w\ld bl5d toge!r1 & ?us run into ea* o!r4 ,sometimes "o l>ge "o w\ld divide into two or ?ree small] ones4 ,!y 7 obs]v$ to dilate1 & contract2 & to h umbr1 or %ades att5d+ !m4 ,f ^! ph5om5a ,galileo & o!rs suppos$ ! sol> spots 7 s*oria float+ on ! burn+ liquid matt]1 ( :i* !y suppos$ ! sun compos$4 ,m4 de la ,hire1 & ,la ,l&e suppos$ !m to be em95ces :i* occasionally rose above ! roll+ tides ( fire1 z isl&s rise above ! sea4 ,all ^! !ories 7 on ! supposition t ! sun 0 an igne\s body1 9 a high /ate ( combu/ion1 by :i* means he disp5ses heat & light to ! surr\nd+ planets4 ,dr4 ,,wilson1 ,pr(essor ( practical a/ronomy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[1 0 ! fir/ to conjecture t ^! spots 7 depressions r ?an elevations4 ,?is 0 ab\t ! ye> #agfi4 ,! ,doctor r5d]$ ?is conjecture v probable1 by 8 close & lucid obs]vations & illu/rations4 ,^! spots attract$ ! att5tion ( ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,h]s*ell 9 #aggi1 :o cont9u$ to obs]ve !m closely until #agid1 & by means ( 8 imm5sely l>ge & p[]ful telescopes1 he cle>ly e/abli%$ ,dr4 ,wilson's conjectures1 t ^! spots are op5+s 9 ! lum9\s surface ( ! sun1 ?r\gh :i* 8 opake body appe>s4 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell reg>ds ! real body ( ! sun to be an opake nucleus1 fit = ! habitation ( intellectual creatures3 t he has an atmosph]e suit$ 9 d5sity & height to 8 own magnitude3 t 9 ! high] regions ( ?is atmosph]e !re are two sets ( cl\ds surr\nd+ ! sun1 :i* are p]man5tly & ess5tially lum9\s1 be+ phosphoric 9 _! nature4 ,! l[] set ( ^! cl\ds1 :i* are next ! sun1 are less bright1 & m d5se ?an ! upp] set4 ,!y are design$ to s]ve z a curta9 to ! sun's body1 to prev5t a too great int5sity ( light at 8 real surface2 ! high] set ( cl\ds1 :i* are visible to u1 be+ ! pr9cipal s\rce1 or r ag5t1 ( light4 ,x is pla9 f ! =ego+ !ory1 t we nev] see ! real body ( ! sun1 except :5 we see ! spots on 8 surface3 t :at we commonly call ! sun1 are only ^? bright1 lum9\s phosphoresc5t cl\ds1 :i* p]man5tly surr\nd 8 body1 & :i* give light outw>ds to ! planets1 & also inw>ds to 8 own inhabitants4 ,x w be obvi\s also to any "o1 t ! inhabitants ( ! sun _c see any heav5ly body1 z ! />s1 & planets2 because !y are inclos$ by ^? cl\ds1 :i* are imp5etrable to vision4 ,!y may cat* a glimpse ( a pass+ /> ?r\gh ^! op5+s z we d ( ! sun's body4 ,x is highly probable 7see our pap] on light1 atta*$ to our au?or's *apt] on ! same17 t ^! lum9\s phosphoric cl\ds d n actually emit light1 or heat2 b only excite !m at ! surfaces ( ! diff]5t planets4 ,t is3 x is v probable !re is a matt] ( light or a lum9if]\s e!r1 diffus$ ?r\gh all exi/+ matt]1 z caloric is1 :i* is excit$ by ^! cl\ds1 & ?us becomes visible1 :i* is light1 z lat5t caloric is excit$1 & becomes s5sible1 by becom+ free4 ,inde$ x is v probable t ! matt] ( heat & light is ! same1 & t heat & light are only diff]5t modifications ( ! action ( ! same sub/ance1 excit$ 9 a diff]5t1 or high] degree4 ,! sun has two app>5t motions1 namely1 ! diurnal & annual4 ,by ! =m] he appe>s to move r\nd ! e>? 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs3 & by ! latt] he appe>s to trav]se t circle 9 ! heav5s1 call$ ! ecliptic1 9 ! c\rse ( a ye>4 ,^! motions1 are1 h[ev]1 only app>5t3 ! sun does n travel r\nd ! e>? 9 tw5ty f\r h\rs3 he does n *ange 8 place 9 ! heav5s at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,8 app>5t motions are occasion$ by ! e>?'s real motions4 ,! sun's app>5t diurnal motion is occasion$ by ! e>?'s real rotation ab\t its axis3 & ! sun's app>5t annual motion is caus$ by ! e>?'s real motion 9 h] orbit1 ?r\gh ! :ole ( :i* %e travels 9 a little less ?an #cfe days1 & #f h\rs4 ,! fix$ />s appe> e tw5ty-f\r h\rs to make an entire revolution ab\t ! e>?4 ,! sun makes ! same app>5t circuit2 b ! app>5t diurnal motion ( ! sun is evid5tly sl[] ?an t ( ! fix$ />s4 ,?is appe>ance is occasion$ by ! daily rotation ( ! e>? on its axis2 = :ile x is turn+ once on its axis x advances 9 its orbit a :ole degree2 !re=e x mu/ make m ?an a complete rotation be=e x c come into ! same position ) ! sun t x _h ! prec$+ day4 ,9 ! same way1 z :5 bo? h&s ( a wat* set (f toge!r at any h\r1 z twelve o'clock1 ! m9ute h& mu/ travel m ?an ! :ole circle be=e x c ov]take ! h\r h&3 h5ce ! diff]5ce betwe5 sol> & sid]eal days1 :i* x is important to und]/& 9 expla9+ ! equation ( "t4 ,?\gh ! sun appe>s to u m]ely z a circul> disk1 yet he is a sph]oid1 high] "u 8 equator ?an ab\t 8 poles4 ,! deception arises f ?is2 t all ! p>ts ( 8 surface are equally lum9\s1 & consequ5tly !re is no?+ :i* c sugge/ to u1 at ! great di/ance he is f ! e>?1 t ! c5tral p>ts are m prom95t ?an ! sides1 al?\gh 9 reality1 !y are ne>] by half a million ( miles4 ,?is lum9\s body is suppos$ to be #hhf1dgc ,engli% miles 9 diamet]1 ab\t #b1gjj1jjj 9 circumf]5ce1 9 solid bulk #bd1jjj1jjj times z big z ! moon1 & #a1chd1dfb times z big z ! e>?1 & its sup]ficies 9 squ>e miles1 ab\t #b1bcf1fjc1jjj1jjj4 ,?is magnitude ( ! sun may appe> exagg]at$2 = our eyes c discov] no?+ s l>ge z ! e>? :i* we inhabit2 & z to ?is alone we comp>e ! sun1 s we are tempt$ to believe ! te/imony ( s5se r ?an our reason4 ,b :at confirms ?is prodigi\s size1 is 8 visible magnitude1 not)/&+ ! va/ly remote po9t :i* he occupies 9 space4 ,&1 conc]n+ ?is subject1 no d\bt c rema91 if we admit ! calculations ( a/ronom]s1 :i* are made on pr9ciples indubitably correct4 ,! sun does n appe> l>ge2 b ?is is ow+ to 8 di/ance f ! e>?1 :i* is #ie1eac1gid miles3 ?is is s prodigi\s1 t a cannon-ball1 :i* is kn[n to move at ! rate ( eight miles 9 a m9ute1 w\ld be some?+ m ?an tw5ty-two ye>s 9 go+ f ! e>? to ! sun4 ,if a spectator 7 plac$ z ne> to any ( ! fix$ />s z we are to our sun1 he w\ld see our sun z small z we see a common />1 dive/$ ( its circumvolv+ planets2 & 9 numb]+ ! />s he w\ld reckon x "o ( !m4 ,b ! e>?'s orbit be+ an ellipse1 ! sun is n always at an equal di/ance f x4 ,:5 he is 9 8 apogee1 t is1 fur!/ f ! e>?1 ! sun is full two millions ( miles fur!r f u ?an :5 he is 9 8 p]igee1 or ne>e/ ! e>?3 nev]!less1 we feel great] heat ?an :5 he is 9 our w9t]4 ,! diff]5ce ( temp]ature betwe5 summ] & w9t] does n dep5d *iefly ^u our ne>ness to ! sun1 b ^u ! foll[+ causes4 #a4 ,9 summ]1 ! sol> rays /rike ^u ! e>? m p]p5dicul>ly ?an 9 w9t]1 & !re=e !y act ) great] =ce ?an :5 !y /rike x obliquely4 #b4 ,! rays ( ! sun com+ m p]p5dicul>ly 9 summ] ?an 9 w9t]1 h less ( ! atmosph]e to pass ?r\gh4 #c4 ,9 ! summ]1 ! sun cont9ues a long] "t above ! horizon ?an bel[ x2 & consequ5tly !re is "t = ! e>? to accumulate a great] portion ( heat ?an 9 ! days ( w9t]4 ,we "k1 9 ! longe/ days1 t ! sun to u is above ! horizon #af h\rs2 :]eas1 9 ! %orte/ days1 x is n m ?an #h h\rs visible4#aad ,! miracul\s susp5sion ( ! natural p[]s ( ! heav5ly bodies1 z record$ 9 ! book ( ,jo%ua1 %[s t !y are upheld1 controll$1 & direct$ 9 _! op]ations1 by a ,be+ :o is inf9itely wise & p[]ful4 ,to acc\nt = ?is miracle1 & to asc]ta9 ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 wr\ght1 has employ$ ! p5s ( ! able/ div9es & a/ronom]s1 especially ( ! la/ two c5turies4 ,= ! elucidation ( ?is important fact1 ,i %all transcribe ! view :i* ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke has giv5 ( x1 :i* he consid]s to be /rictly philosophical1 consonant to ! ,py?agorean1 ,cop]nican1 or ,newtonian sy/em1 :i* is ! sy/em ( ! univ]se1 laid d[n 9 ! writ+s ( ,moses4 ,he assumes1 z a ?or\ghly demon/rat$ tru?1 t ! sun is 9 ! c5tre ( ! sy/em1 mov+ only r\nd 8 own axis1 & ! common c5tre ( ! gravity ( ! planet>y sy/em1 :ile all ! planets revolve r\nd him2 & t 8 influ5ce is ! cause ( ! diurnal & annual revolutions ( ! e>?4 8,jo%ua's address is 9 a poetic =m 9 ! orig9al1 & makes ! two foll[+ hemi/i*s3 ,%eme%1 be-,gibon dom3 ,vy>ea*1 bemek ,aiyalon4 ,sun6 ^u ,gibon be dumb3 ,& ! moon on ! vale ( ,aiyalon4 8,! effect ( ?is comm& is relat$ 9 ! foll[+ words3 vayiddom ha-,,%eme% ve-,,y>ea* mad2 ,& ! sun 0 dumb1 or sil5t1 & ! moon /ood /ill4 ,& x is add$1 ,& ! sun /ood /ill 9 ! mid/ ( heav51 & ha/$ n to g d[n ab\t a :ole day4 8,i consid]1 t ! ^w dom1 ref]s to ! )hold+ or re/ra9+ ?is influ5ce1 s t ! cessation ( ! e>?'s motion might imm$iately take place4 ,! desire ( ,jo%ua 01 t ! sun might n s9k bel[ ! horizon2 b z x appe>$ n[ to be ov] ,gibeon1 & ! moon to be ov] ! valley ( ,ajalon1 he pray$ t !y might cont9ue 9 ^! positions till ! battle %\ld be end$2 or1 9 o!r words1 t ! day %\ld be miracul\sly l5g!n$ out4#aae 8,:e!r ,jo%ua _h a correct philosophical notion ( ! true sy/em ( ! univ]se1 is a subject t ne$ n come into ! pres5t inquiry2 b :e!r he spoke ) /rict propriety on ?is occasion1 is a matt] ( importance1 because he mu/ be consid]$ z act+ "u ! ,div9e influ5ce1 9 reque/+ ! p]=mance ( su* a /up5d\s miracle3 & we may safely ass]t1 t no man 9 8 "r m9d w\ld h ?\ght ( (f]+ su* a petition1 _h he n felt himself "u "s ,div9e afflatus4 ,leav+1 !re=e1 8 philosophical k out ( ! "q1 he c]ta9ly spoke z if he _h kn[n t ! sol> influ5ce 0 ! cause ( ! e>?'s rotation1 & !re=e1 ) ! /ricte/ philosophic propriety1 he reque/$1 t t influ5ce might be = a "t re/ra9$1 t ! diurnal motion ( ! e>? might be arre/$1 ?r\gh :i* alone1 ! sun c\ld be kept above ! horizon1 & ! day be prolong$4 ,8 mode ( expression evid5tly consid]s ! sun z ! great rul] or ma/] 9 ! sy/em2 & all ! planets1 7or at lea/ ! e>?7 mov+ 9 _! respective orbits at 8 comm&4 ,he !re=e desires him1 79 ! "n & by ! au?ority ( 8 ,creator7 to susp5d 8 m&ate ) respect to ! e>?'s motion1 & t ( 8 satellite1 ! moon4 ,_h he said1 ,e>?1 /& ?\ /ill--! cessation ( ^: diurnal motion 0 ! effect ( 8 comm&1 x c\ld n h obey$ him2 z x is n ev5 ! second>y cause ei!r ( its annual motion r\nd ! sun1 or its diurnal motion r\nd its own axis4 ,in/ead ( do+ s1 he speaks to ! sun1 ! cause 7"u ,god7 ( all ^! motions1 z 8 great ar*etype did1 :51 9 ! /orm on ! sea ( ,tib]ias1 he rebuk$ ! w9d fir/1 & !n said to ! waves1 ,peace1 be /ill6 1 1 be sil5t6 be dumb6 ,& ! effect ( ?is comm& 01 a cessation ( ! agitation 9 ! sea1 because ! w9d ceas$ to comm& x1 t is1 to ex]t its influ5ce ^u ! wat]s4 8,! t]ms 9 ?is comm& are wor?y ( p>ticul> note3 ,jo%ua does n say to ! sun1 ,/& /ill1 z if he _h conceiv$ him to be runn+ 8 race r\nd ! e>?2 b1 be sil5t1 or inactive2 t is1 z ,i und]/& x1 re/ra9 ?y influ5ce2 no long] act ^u ! e>?1 to cause x to revolve r\nd its axis2 a mode ( spee* :i* is c]ta9ly consi/5t ) ! /ricte/ a/ronomical k3 & ! writ] ( ! acc\nt1 :e!r ,jo%ua himself1 or ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,ja%]1 9 relat+ ! consequ5ce ( ?is comm&1 is equally accurate1 us+ a ^w widely diff]5t1 :5 he speaks ( ! effect1 ! ret5tion ( ! sol> influ5ce _h on ! moon3 9 ! fir/ case1 ! sun 0 sil5t1 or inactive1 dom2 9 ! latt]1 ! moon /ood /ill1 mad4 ,! /&+ /ill ( ! moon1 or its cont9uance above ! horizon1 w\ld be ! natural effect ( ! cessation ( ! sol> influ5ce1 :i* oblig$ ! e>? to discont9ue h] diurnal rotation1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 w\ld arre/ ! moon2 & ?us bo? x & ! sun 7 kept above ! horizon1 probably = ! space ( a :ole day4 ,z to ! address to ! moon1 x is n conceiv$ 9 ! same t]ms z t to ! sun1 & = ! mo/ obvi\s philosophical reason3 all t is said is simply1 & ! moon on ! vale ( ,ajalon1 :i* may be ?us und]/ood3 #8,let ! sun re/ra9 8 influ5ce1 or be inactive1 z he appe>s n[ ^u ,gibeon1 t ! moon may cont9ue z %e appe>s n[ ov] ! vale ( ,ajalon4' ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t e ^w 9 ?is poetic address is app>5tly select$ ) ! greate/ caution & precision4 8,at ! conclusion ( ! #ac? v]se1 a diff]5t expression is us$ :5 x is said1 ,s1 ! sun /ood /ill1 x is n dom1 b mad2 vai-yamod ha-%eme%1 :i* expression1 ?us v>y+ f t 9 ! comm& ( ,jo%ua1 may be consid]$ z imply+1 t 9 ord] to re/ra9 8 influ5ce1 :i* ,i h assum$ to be ! cause ( ! e>?'s motion1 ! sun himself became inactive1 t is1 ceas$ to revolve r\nd 8 own axis2 :i* revolution is1 probably1 "o cause1 n only ( ! revolution ( ! e>?1 b ( all ! o!r planet>y bodies 9 our sy/em1 & might h effect$ all ! planets at ! "t 9 "q3 b ?is nei!r c\ld1 nor did produce any disord] 9 nature2 & ! delay ( a few h\rs 9 ! :ole planet>y motions1 dw9dles away into an imp]ceptible po9t 9 ! ?\s&s ( ye>s ( _! revolutions4 ,i ne$ sc>cely add1 t ! comm& ( ,jo%ua to ! sun1 is to be und]/ood z a pray] to ,god 7f :om ! sun d]iv$ 8 be+ & cont9uance7 t ! effect might be :at is express$ 9 ! comm&2 & !re=e x is said1 v]se #ad1 #8t ! ,,"l ,,he>k5$ ,,unto ,,! ,,voice ,,( ,a ,,man1 = ! ,"l f\ght = ,israel4'0 ,h[ glori\s an object is ! sun6 too dazzl+ = mortal eye long to gaze on3 ! brighte/ visible emblem ( its adorable ,creator4 ,?is lum9>y rejoices to run 8 prescrib$ c\rse1 makes our day joyful1 & )\t 8 reviv+ beams we %\ld dwell 9 p]petual d>kness4 ,he1 z ! great s\rce ( day1 di/ributes light & life ?r\gh all nature4 ,se$s1 9 ! bosom ( ! e>?1 feel 8 vegetative pres5ce1 & unfold !mselves4 ,by 8 diffusive influ5ce he causes ! vital juice to asc5d 9 ! tubes ( trees1 plants1 & vegetables2 & clo!s !m ) _! v>i\s & beautiful foliage4 ,he n\ri%es ! "y fruits1 gives !m _! f9e t9ts1 & br+s !m to maturity4 ,at 8 approa*1 millions ( insects awake into life1 %9e1 collect !mselves1 & sport 9 8 rays4 ,animals p>take ( 8 b5efits1 & )\t 8 animat+ beams !y w\ld s9k into ins5sibility & dea?3 ev5 9 caves & d5s ( ! e>?1 8 visitation gives life4 ,8 heat has a pleas+ effect on all ! juices & fluids 9 ! human body1 :i*1 )\t 8 directive or impulsive en]gy1 w\ld soon become /agnant & useless4 ,he is1 by ! ,div9e wisdom & goodness1 plac$ at su* a prop] di/ance f u1 t1 7 he mu* ne>]1 ! blood w\ld boil 9 our ve9s1 & our bodies soon be ei!r dissolv$ or calc9$3 or1 7 he at a mu* great] di/ance1 we %\ld become torpid1 & pres5tly be congeal$ to /atues ( ice4 ,! v b[els ( ! e>? p>take ( 8 influ5ce1 ?us produc+ _m valuable & useful metals4 ,he p5etrates ! highe/ m\nta9s1 ?\gh compos$ ( /ones & rocks4 ,he d>ts 8 beams ev5 into ! dep?s ( ! ocean1 :]e ! wat]y tribes live & play at 8 comm&4 8---- ,o ,,sun2 ,s\l ( surr\nd+ worlds6 9 :om be/ se5 ,%9es out ?y ,mak]6---- ',tis by ?y secret1 /rong1 attractive =ce1 ,z ) a *a9 indissoluble b\nd1 ,?y sy/em rolls entire4---- ,,in=m] ( ! planet>y tra96 ,)\t ^: quick'n+ glance _! cumbr\s orbs ,7 brute unlovely mass1 in]t1 & dead1 ,& n1 z n[1 ! gre5 abodes ( life6 99 99 99 99 99 ,z ! sun is ! greate/ visible glory 9 ! natural _w1 s x is select$ by ! p5 ( ,div9e inspiration z ! brighte/ emblem ( ! ,supreme ,be+--8,! ,"l ,god is a sun40 ,?is great lum9>y has be5 consid]$ by ! ,hea!n z ! repres5tative ( ! ,deity1 & z su* receiv$ religi\s adoration4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,bryant's sy/em ( ,anci5t ,my?ology1 ! wor%ip ( fire is ne>ly z old z ! flood1 hav+ be5 propagat$ by ! po/]ity ( ,ham1 9 ,egypt1 :o call$ !mselves ,ammonians1 & c>ri$ ?is wor%ip ) !m :]ev] !y w5t1 erect+ _! pura!ia1 or fire-temples1 9 all _! settlem5ts4 ,x is /at$1 t fire 0 ! primitive1 or at lea/ ! pr9cipal object ( idolatr\s wor%ip1 & common to all idolat]s f ! fir/ apo/asy at ,babel4 ,= ! orig9al in/itution ( ?is sacr$ fire among ! ,*aldeans1 we mu/ g back to ,nimrod1 conc]n+ :om ! ,alex&rian ,*ronicon ass]ts1 t 8! ,assyrians call$ ,nimrod1 ,n9us2 ?is man taught ! ,assyrians to wor%ip fire40 ,f ! ,greeks we may trace x backw>ds to ! ,ur ( ! ,*aldeans2 on :i* ! le>n$ ,classius rem>ks1 t 8,ur is ! "n ( a city :]e9 ! sacr$ fire 0 cons]v$ & wor%ipp$ by ! ,*aldeans1 :5ce x 0 call$ ,ur1 :i* o!rwise signifies fire40 ,plut>* confesses t ! ,romans1 9 ! days ( ,numa1 borr[$ _! wor%ip ( fire f ! ,greeks at ,a!ns & ,delphi4 ,numa built a temple ( an orbicul> =m1 to repres5t1 z ,plut>* int]prets1 ! sy/em ( ! heav5s2 :i* temple 0 ! cons]vatory ( a holy & p]petual fire1 k9dl$ at fir/ by ! reflections ( ! sun-beams1 & plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! build+2 ! a/ronomy ( t e>ly p]iod plac+ ! sun 9 ! c5tre ( ! _w4 ,fire has su* an aff9ity to light1 t ! same ^w has sometimes compreh5d$ !m bo?4 ,! ,ur ( ! ,*aldeans 0 fire2 ! ,horus ( ! ,egyptians 0 light3 & ! reason is pla91 because fire & light are unit$ at ! body ( ! sun1 & by him diffus$ ov] ! _w4 ,if1 !re=e1 we consid] fire z call$ into action by ! sun1 & be> 9 m9d t ! anci5t ,py?agoreans us$ ! same t]m to d5ote bo? fire & ! sun1#aaf we %all get at ! root ( mo/ ( ! hea!n my?ologic div9ity4 ,s univ]sal 0 ! atta*m5t to ?is fire1 t ,macrobius und]took to r$uce ! names ( all ! hea!n deities to ! "o object ( ! sun & its attributes4 ,he says1 8,! ,egyptians consecrat$ a lion 9 t "p ( ! heav5s :]e ! heat ( ! sun is mo/ p[]ful1 because t animal seems to d]ive 8 nature f ! sun1 excell+ all o!r creatures 9 fire & =ce1 z ! sun exce$s ! o!r lights ( heav54 ,8 eyes1 likewise1 are bright & fi]y1 z ! sun ) a bright & fi]y aspect surveys ! _w4 ,! ,lybians repres5t$ _! ,jupit] ,hammon1 :i* 0 ! sett+ sun1 ) ! horns ( a ram1 ) :i* t animal ex]ts its /r5g?1 z ! sun acts by its rays4 ,! wor%ip ( ,egypt abundantly %[s1 t ! bull is to be ref]r$ to ! sun2 :i* is pla9 f ! wor%ip ( a bull at ,heliopolis1 ! city ( ! sun2 & ( ! bull ,apis at ,memphis1 :]e x 0 an emblem ( ! sun2 & ( ! o!r bull call$ ,pacis1 consecrat$ 9 ! magnific5t temple ( ,apollo at ,h]mun?is40#aag ,:]esoev] fire 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ! pura!ia ( antiquity aft] ! mann] ( ,numa1 we may suppose t !re ! true sol> sy/em prevail$1 :i* places ! sol> fire 9 ! c5tre2 & t ?is 0 really ! univ]sal op9ion ( ! mo/ anci5t ,hea!ns4 ,?is doctr9e agrees ) ! "n :i* !y gave to ! sun 9 8 physical capacity1 call+ him cor cli1 ! he>t ( ! heav52#aah :i* illu/ration & allusion is probably ( v great antiquity1 because x _c ) any propriety be appli$ to ! m mod]n ,ptolemaic hypo!sis4 ,! analogy is v /rik+2 = z ! he>t is ! c5tre ( ! animal sy/em1 s is ! sun 9 ! c5tre ( our _w3 z ! he>t is ! f\nta9 ( ! blood1 s is ! sun ! s\rce ( light & fire3 z ! he>t is ! life ( ! body1 s is ! sun ! life & heat ( animat$ nature1 & ! fir/ mov] ( ! mundane sy/em3 :5 ! he>t ceases to beat1 ! circuit ( life is at an end2 & if ! sun %\ld cease to act1 a total /agnation w\ld take place ?r\gh\t ! :ole frame ( nature4 ,macrobius1 pursu+ ?is analogy1 says1 8,we h be=e obs]v$1 t ! sun is call$ ! f\nta9 ( ! e!real fire2 !re=e ! sun is 9 ! heav5s1 :at ! he>t is 9 animals40 ,s9ce ! circulation ( ! blood has be5 kn[n1 ?is analogy has be5 tak5 up ) advantage by ! celebrat$ ,h]vey himself1 :o1 fir/ ( all ! mod]ns1 expla9$ to u ) suffici5t accuracy ?is bran* ( natural philosophy4 ,he obs]ves1 t ! he>t ( animals is ! f\ndation ( life1 ! *ief rul] ( all ?+s 9 ! animal sy/em1 ! sun ( ! microcosm1 f :i* fl[s all its /r5g? & vigor4 ,! philosoph]s ( antiquity call$ ! sun ! he>t ( ! microcosm2 ! mod]ns call ! he>t ! sun ( ! microcosm4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ v /rik+ 9 ! analogy :i* is ?us conv]tible1 & has be5 tak5 up at bo? ends by su* diff]5t p]sons1 at su* remote p]iods ( "t4 ,! savage philosophy ( ,am]ica seems to h compreh5d$ 9 x ! relation1 :i* we h already notic$1 betwe5 ! animal sy/em & ! frame ( nature4 ,aco/a1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies1 reports1 t 9 ! human sacrifices ( ! ,mexicans1 ! high prie/ pull$ out ! he>t ) 8 h&s1 :i* he %[$ smok+ to ! sun1 to :om he (f]$ ?is heat & fume ( ! he>t1 & pres5tly he turn$ t[>ds ! idol1 & ca/ ! he>t at 8 face4 ,a v highly e/eem$ correspond5t 9 ,ceylon writes1 ,!re is a ca/ ( p inhabit+ ?is isl& :o live wild 9 ! woods1 & wor%ip fire z an emblem ( purity2 !y are call$ ,v&als1 & sev]al ,engli% (fic]s h met a premature dea? by intrud+ ne> ! holy fire1 :i* is "u a tam>9d tree4 ,) ! ,p]sians fire 0 an object ( wor%ip f ! e>lie/ times1 "u ! "n ( ,amanus1 & ,mi?as2 & x is reta9$ z su* at ?is day by ! ,geb]rs1 ,gaurs1 ,guebres1 or ,gheb]s1 a sect ( ,indian philosoph]s4 ,pott+] says1 8,at ! city ( ,yezd1 9 ,p]sia1 :i* is di/+ui%$ by ! appellation ( ! ,d>b ,abadut1 or seat ( ,religion1 ! ,guebres are p]mitt$ to h an ,atu% ,kudu1 or ,fire ,temple 7:i*1 !y ass]t1 has _h ! sacr$ fire 9 x s9ce ! days ( ,zoroa/]71 9 _! own comp>tm5t ( ! city2 b = ?is indulg5ce !y are indebt$ to ! av>ice1 n ! tol]ance ( ! ,p]sian gov]nm5t1 :i* taxes !m at tw5ty-five rupees ea* man40 ,hanway in=ms u1 t ! ,gheb]s suppose ! ?rone ( ! ,almighty is seat$ 9 ! sun1 & h5ce _! wor%ip ( t lum9>y4 8,z to fire10 says ,grose1 8! ,gheb]s place ! spr+-head ( x 9 t globe ( fire1 ! sun1 by !m call$ ,mi?ras1 or ,mihir1 to :i* !y pay ! highe/ rev]5ce1 9 gratitude = ! manifold b5efits fl[+ f 8 m9i/]ial omnisci5ce4 ,b !y are s f> f conf\nd+ ! subord9ation ( ! s]vant ) ! maje/y ( ! ,creator1 t !y n only attribute no sort ( s5se or reason+ to ! sun or fire1 9 any ( its op]ations1 b consid] x z a purely passive bl9d in/rum5t1 direct$ & gov]n$ by ! imm$iate impression on x ( ! w ( ,god2 b !y d n ev5 give t lum9>y1 all glori\s z x is1 m ?an ! second rank among 8 works1 res]v+ ! fir/ = ! /up5d\s production ( ! ,div9e p[]1 ! m9d ( man40 ,! temples are g5]ally built ov] subt]rane\s fires4 ,rabbi ,b5jam9 obs]ves1 8,e>ly 9 ! morn+1 !y 7! ,p>sees or ,gheb]s ( ,ouham7 g 9 cr[ds to pay _! devotions to ! sun1 to :om ^u all ! alt>s are sph]es consecrat$1 made by magic1 resembl+ ! circles ( ! sun2 &1 :5 ! sun rises1 ^! orbs seem to be inflam$1 & turn r\nd ) a great noise4 ,e "o has a c5s] 9 8 h&s1 & (f]s inc5se to ! sun40 ,x is n a little surpris+ t ! desc5dants ( fai?ful ,abraham1 tak5 into cov5ant ) ,god1 %\ld fall "u ! influ5ce ( ?is idolatr\s wor%ip6 ,! apo/asy ( ! ,israelites 9 ! wild]ness f ! true ,god to ! gold5 calf1 0 occasion$ by a previ\s atta*m5t to ! sacr$ rites ( ! ,egyptian idolatry4 ,& ! calves :i* 7 aft]w>ds set up 9 ,dan & ,be!l1 7 probably d]iv$ f ! same s\rce4 ,! ,israelites 7 n only caution$ aga9/ ?is wor%ip1 b1 if ! *>ge ( idolatry br\ght aga9/ an ,israelite 0 prov$ by unequivocal facts & compet5t witnesses1 x affect$ 8 life4 ,su* 0 ! progress ( ?is idolatr\s wor%ip among ?is p at "o p]iod1 t ,josiah1 k+ ( ,judah1 took away out ( ! temple ( ! ,"l ! horses1 & burn$ ! *>iots1 :i* ! k+s1 8 pr$ecessors1 _h consecrat$ to ! sun4 ,job1 9 allusion to ?is vile wor%ip1 says1 8,if ,i beheld ! sun :5 x %9$1 or ! moon walk+ 9 brightness2 if my he>t ha? be5 secretly entic$1 or my m\? ha? kiss$ my h&3#aai ?is also 7 an iniquity to be puni%$ by ! judge3 = ,i %\ld h d5i$ ! ,god t is above40 ,ezekiel1 9 a vision1 saw 8at ! door ( ! temple ( ! ,"l1 betwe5 ! por* & ! alt>1 ab\t five & tw5ty m51 ) _! backs t[>d ! temple ( ! ,"l1 & _! faces t[>d ! ea/3 & !y wor%ipp$ ! sun t[>d ! ea/10 9 imitation ( ! ,egyptians1 ,p]sians1 & o!r ,ea/]n nations4 ,:ile ! hea!n h ?us paid idolatr\s wor%ip to ! sun1 "s p]sons1 believ+ 9 ! tru? ( reveal$ religion1 h ent]ta9$ /range notions conc]n+ ?is lum9>y4 ,x is rem>kable1 obs]ves a polite writ]1 t :il/ "s ( ! anci5ts imag9$ ! sun to be ! seat ( future bless$ness1 f ,psal4 xix1 #ad1 8,he set 8 tab]nacle 9 ! sun10 a ,mr4 ,sw9d51 among ! mod]ns1 endeavors to prove t hell is seat$ 9 ! sun1 *iefly plead+ t ?is is ! gr& repository ( fire2 t its horrible face1 view$ by a telescope1 suits ! description giv5 ( ! burn+ lake2 & t be+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! sy/em1 x might be prop]ly said t wick$ m5 7 ca/ d[n into x4 ,b ^! are m]e hypo!ses1 & unwor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation4 ,not)/&+ ?is idolatr\s wor%ip ( ! sun1 !re is a sob] & religi\s use to be made ( ?is lum9>y2 = be+ ! greate/ visible glory 9 ! natural _w x is select$ z ! brighte/ emblem ( ! ,supreme ,be+--8,! ,"l ,god is a sun40 ,an object ?us illu/ri\s & useful 9 ! regul> & wise economy ( nature1 is m5tion$ 9 ! sacr$ volume z a metaphor fraught ) tru?s ( inf9ite mom5t1 imp>t+ wisdom to ! simple1 & in/ruction to ! ignorant4 ,he admirably repres5ts ! unity1 glory1 & b\nty ( ,god4 ,view+ our sun 9 all 8 p>am\nt qualities to e mat]ial object 9 nature1 h[ is he eclips$ & surpass$ by ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness1 ( ^: spl5dor1 grace1 & en]gy ?is is b a fa9t emblem1 & f :om issues1 9 bright & g5tle beams1 all ! light1 life1 joy1 & hope receiv$ & enjoy$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,! "o is ! mo/ magnific5t creature among ! va/ v>iety ( objects :i* surr\nd u1 b ! o!r is ! s\rce ( all t is excell5t1 attractive1 & b5eficial1 9 ! :ole range ( mat]ial causes & effects1 z well z 9 ! nature1 ext5t1 & p]petuity ( ! k+dom ( grace4 ,! mat]ial sun runs its c\rse f day to day1 ) unwe>i$ regul>ity1 activity1 & ardor1 & ?us completes its circuit accord+ to its orig9al de/9ation4 ,& did n our adorable ,savi\r also f9i% ! great c>e] ( our r$emption1 aft] he held p]=m$ all ^? miracles1 & publi%$ 8 own ev]la/+ gospel1 :i* are ! sublime & int]e/+ !mes ( ! sacr$ writ]s1 by (f]+ himself on ! consecrat$ alt> a sacrifice = ! s9s ( mank9d8 ,! =m] diffuses light1 vitality1 vegetation1 & felicity ?r\gh ! :ole mass ( animat$ nature 9 our planet>y sy/em4 ,& does n ! o!r likewise dissipate ! ignorance :i* d>k5s ! intellectual regions1 enlight5 our m9ds 9 all sav+ k1 & produce 9 ! human he>t e grace & virtue8 ,7 our natural sun to )draw 8 beams1 or abs5t himself f ! c5tre ( our sy/em = any giv5 "t1 ! planets w\ld />t out ( _! orbits2 d>kness1 black z night1 w\ld in/antly spread itself ov] ! :ole mass1 & 8*aos come aga940 ,& if ! glori\s ,lum9>y ( ! moral _w 7 to hide 8 face beh9d a ?ick cl\d ( ga!r+ v5geance & judicial des]tion1 ?is w\ld introduce into ! s\l al>m+ fe>s & tumultu\s passions1 :i* w\ld exi/ 9 a /ate ( opposition & conflict4 ,^? :o h be5 br\ght out ( ! d>kness ( ignorance1 wick$ness & mis]y1 into ! light ( k1 hol9ess & happ9ess1 by ,*ri/1 :o is ! light ( ! _w1 %\ld be c>eful to walk 9 ! light ( 8 c\nt5ance all ! days ( _! life4 ,does n ! e>? return ! fructify+ w>m? ( ! sun1 & all 8 g5ial effects1 9 a pr(usion ( v]dure1 foliage1 & fl[]s8 ,d n all ! irrational tribes joyfully greet 8 ris+ e morn+1 & bask 9 8 pres5ce ?r\gh ! day ) great delight8 ,all ! orbs :i* revolve r\nd him1 & are pres]v$ & *]i%$ 9 _! respective sph]es by 8 m9i/ry1 pay him p]petual homage by ma9ta9+ inv>iable h>mony & ord]4 ,& be+ ?us taught by natural objects1 :at is due = ! reception ( s _m m]cies1 surely x is an unque/ionable duty t we gu>d aga9/ e ?+ :i* w\ld prev5t u do+ ! w ( our be/ b5efactor4 ,*ri/ian believ]s1 ri* 9 ! bloom ( hol9ess1 & rip5+ = ! h>ve/ ( glory1 are said to be 8clo!d ) ! sun40 ,x is ! graci\s promise1 on :i* all _! hopes & wi%es confid5tly rely1 t ! 8righte\s %all0 ultimately 8%9e z ! sun 9 ! k+dom ( _! ,fa!r40#abj ,?us x is writt51 8,! pa? ( ! j is z ! %9+ light1 t %9es m & m unto ! p]fect day40 ,9 ! pa? ( ! j !re is a progress f a less to a great] light3 x does n only gr[ cle>]1 b increases 9 cle>ness till x is light 9 p]fection2 advanc+ f ! break ( day to ! sun ris+1 & !n to ! brightness ( noon-day4 8,,jesus1 let all ?y lov]s %9e1 illu/ri\s z ! sun1 ,& bright ) borr['d rays div9e1 ,_! glori\s circuit run4 ,beyond ! rea* ( mortals1 spread ,_! light :]e'er !y g2 ,& heav5ly influ5ces %$1 ,on all ! _w bel[4 ,z giants1 may !y run _! race1 ,exult+ 9 _! might3 ,z burn+ lum9>ies1 *ase ,! gloom ( helli% night4 ,z ! bright ,sun ( ,righte\sness1 ,_! heal+ w+s display2 ,& let _! lu/re /ill increase ,unto ! p]fect day40 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,ii4--,,! ,,moon4 ,names -- ,dim5sions -- ,motions -- ,seasons -- ,phases -- ,h>ve/ ,moon -- ,moon's ,surface -- ,arial ,/ones -- ,eclipses -- ,moonlight -- ,epi!ts -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 ,! moon is call$ a great light1 b less ?an ! sun4 ,moses does n "h speak philosophically1 accord+ to h] bulk1 b to ! proportion ( light %e af=ds u1 :i* is m ?an all ! planets 9 ! sol> sy/em & all ! fix$ />s put toge!r4 8,he smoo?'d ! r\gh-ca/ moon's imp]fect m\ld1 ,& comb'd h] beamy locks ) sacr$ gold2 ,be ?\1 said he1 ,que5 ( ! m\rnful night1-- ,& z he spoke1 %e rose o'erclad wi% light1 ,) ?\s& />s att5d+ on h] tra940 ,! moon is n a prim>y planet1 b only a satellite1 or second>y planet1 att5dant on our e>?1 r\nd :i* %e revolves1 & along ) :i* %e is c>ri$ r\nd ! sun4 8,! moon10 says ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory1 8is a d>k1 or opake body1 %9+ pr9cipally ) ! light %e receives f ! sun4 ,if %e %one by a light ( h] own1 we %\ld feel a s5sible w>m? f h] rays2 b x is a light reflect$ f ! sun ) :i* %e %9es1 & is s exce$+ly weak & languid1 t ! greate/ burn+ glass w n collect en\gh to make any s5sible degree ( heat4 ,?is has be5 acc\nt$ =1 & ^? :o h gone ?r\gh ! computation ass]t t ! light ( ! full moon is n9ety ?\s& times less ?an day-light40 ,! anci5ts e>ly discov]$1 t ! moon _h no light ( its own1 b %one ) t :i* x reflect$ f ! sun4 ,?is1 aft] ,?ales1 0 ! s5tim5t ( ,anaxagoras & ,emp$ocles1 :o !nce acc\nt$ n only = ! mildness ( its spl5dor1 b ! imp]ceptibility ( its heat1 :i* our exp]im5ts confirm4 ,9 ! ,hebrew language ! moon is call$ ,y>ah1 or1 m /rictly speak+1 says ,p>khur/1 ! lun> light1 or flux ( light1 reflect$ f ! moon's body1 or orb4 ,t ?is is ! true s5se ( ! ^w is evid5t f sev]al passages ( ,scripture1 "o ( :i* is1 8,= ! preci\s 7produce7 put =? by--:at8 ,n ! orbs ( ! moon surely 7= ! orb is b "o71 b by ! fluxes or /reams ( light reflect$ f x1 :i* are n only sev]al b v>i\s1 accord+ to ! moon's diff]5t phases & aspects 9 reg>d to ! sun & ! e>?4 ,& ?is may lead u to ! radical idea ( ! ^w 2 = z & 1 & c41 are v ne>ly relat$ to ea* o!r respectively1 s likewise ,i conjecture t is to 1 9 s5se z well z 9 s\nd1 & consequ5tly t x signifies to g 9 a track or 9 a con/ant cu/om>y road or way2 & ?is af=ds u a good descriptive "n ( ! lun> light2 =1 ,behold1 says ,bildad 9 ,job1 *ap4 xxv1 #e1 ev5 to ! or lun> light & he 7,god7 ha? n pit*$ a t5t 7= x72 z he has = ! or sol> light4 ,no6 ,! lun> /ream has fix$ /ation f :5ce x issues1 b toge!r ) ! orb :i* reflects x1 & :i* l a human travell] moves n[ a quick]1 n[ a sl[] pace1 is cont9ually p]=m+ its appo9t$ j\rney1 & proce$+ 9 a con/ant1 ?\gh regul>ly irregul> track40 ,! ,greeks call$ ! moon 1 :i* may be consid]$ z a d]ivative f 4 ,p>khur/ says1 ,?is ^w may be d]iv$ ei!r f 1 ! moon1 by ! phases ( :i* ! mon? is reckon$1 or else x may be d$uc$ f ! ,hebrew manah1 to numb]1 compute1 z be+ comput$ by ! lun> phases4 ,& x is probable t ! fir/ computations ( "t 7 made by ! revolutions ( ! moon4 ,x is obvi\s to rem>k1 t n only ^! two ,greek words1 b also ! ,lat9 m5sis1 a mon?1 & ! ,engli% moon1 mon?1 are ultimately d]iv$ f ! same ,hebrew 4 ,leigh obs]ves1 t 8! ,hebrews call ! moon & a mon? by ! same "n1 because ! moon is r5ew$ e mon?4 ,! ,greeks also call 1 f 1 because x e day r5ews its light40 ,p>khur/ on ! ^w says1 8,! ,greek etymologi/s1 & p>ticul>ly ,plato1 d$uce x f 1 new light1 because its light is cont9ually r5ew$40 ,b ! le>n$ ,goguet says2 8,! ,greeks gave to ! moon ! "n sel5e1 :i* comes f ! ,phnician ^w 7 or namely7 :i* signifies to pass ! night2 :5ce also we may obs]ve is pla9ly d]iv$ ! ,lat9 "n ( ! moon1 luna40 ,f lun ) ! t]m9ation a1 comes luna1 & ?is "n is giv5 to ! planet f h] *ang+ or appe>+ "u diff]5t phases4 ,z to ! dim5sions ( ! moon1 accord+ to ! mo/ accurate calculations1 h] diamet] is #b1age miles1 ! circumf]5ce #f1hca miles1 ! surface conta9s #ad1hih1gej squ>e miles1 & its solidity #e1djh1bdf1jjj cubical ones4 ,h] bulk is equal to ab\t a fiftie? "p ( our e>?1 & h] mean di/ance f ! e>? is ab\t #bdj1jjj miles4 ,! motions ( ! moon are mo/ ( !m v irregul>4 ,! only equable motion %e has1 is h] revolution on h] own axis4 ,! "t 9 :i* %e moves r\nd h] axis is ab\t #bg days1 #g h\rs1 #dc m9utes1 #e seconds2 & h] revolution ?r\gh an elliptical orbit is p]=m$ 9 ! same "t z h] rotation on h] axis1 mov+ ab\t #b1bij miles e h\r4 ,h] revolution r\nd h] axis exactly 9 ! same "t t %e goes r\nd ! e>?1 is ! reason %e always turns ! same face t[>ds u3 %e has only "o day & "o night 9 ! c\rse ( a mon?4 ,f a long s]ies ( obs]vations1 x has be5 asc]ta9$ t ! moon makes a complete revolution 9 #bg days1 #g h\rs1 #dc m9utes1 #e seconds2 ?is is call$ ! p]iodical mon?2 b1 if we ref] to ! "t pass$ f new moon to new moon aga91 ! mon? consi/s ( #bi days1 #ab h\rs1 & #dd m9utes1 :i* is call$ ! synodical mon?4 ,?is diff]5ce is occasion$ by ! e>?'s annual motion 9 its orbit4 ,?us1 if ! e>? _h no motion1 ! moon w\ld make a complete r\nd 9 #bg days1 #g h\rs1 #dc m9utes1 & #e seconds2 b :ile ! moon is describ+ h] j\rney ! e>? has pass$ ?r\gh ne>ly a twelf? "p ( its orbit1 :i* ! moon mu/ also describe be=e ! two bodies come aga9 into ! same position t !y be=e held ) respect to ! sun3 ?is takes up s mu* m "t z to make h] synodical mon? equal to #bi days1 #ab h\rs1 & #dd m9utes4 ,! motions ( ! h\r & m9ute h&s ( a wat* may s]ve to give "s idea ( ! p]iodical & synodical revolutions ( ! moon2 = :5 ! m9ute h& has p]=m$ a complete revolution1 x has yet "s di/ance to g to obta9 a co9cid5ce ) ! h\r h&1 simil> to t :i* x _h ! prec$+ h\r4 ,we h obs]v$ t ! same face is turn$ t[>ds u dur+ ! :ole ( ! moon's revolution1 & t ! o!r half ( h] surface is nev] visible to u4 ,?is arises f ! two motions we h notic$1 :i*1 ) reg>d to our view ( ! moon1 appe> to c\nt]act ea* o!r4 ,h] revolution r\nd ! e>? is p]=m$ t[>ds ! ea/2 :ile ! revolution ^u h] own axis is p]=m$ t[>ds ! we/3 s t1 "o ( ^! motions turns z mu* ( h] face f u1 z ! o!r turns t[>ds u4 ,& f ! moon's axis be+ incl9$ to ! plane ( h] orbit1 sometimes "o ( h] poles is incl9$ t[>ds ! e>?1 & sometimes ! o!r3 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 we see m or less ( h] pol> regions 9 diff]5t p]iods ( h] revolution4 ,:5 ! moon is 9 p]igee1 or ne>e/ di/ance f ! e>?1 h] motion is quicke/2 & :5 9 apogee1 or mo/ remote di/ance1 h] motion is sl[e/4 ,! l5g? ( ! day is equal to our lun> mon?1 = all t "t is includ$ 9 "o revolution r\nd h] axis4 ,h] days & nights1 !re=e1 w con/antly be ( ! same l5g?1 or almo/ fifte5 ( our days ea*4 ,! ye> w be exactly ! same ) our ye>2 because1 be+ an att5dant on ! e>?1 %e mu/ g r\nd ! sun 9 ! same "t z t does4 ,h] diff]5ce ( seasons w be mu* less ?an on our e>?1 hav+ only a small incl9ation ( h] axis ( six degrees & a half2 s t ! v>iation betwe5 h] summ]'s heat & h] w9t]'s cold mu/ be comp>atively inconsid]able4 ,h5ce !re w be only ?irte5 degrees ( ,torrid ,zone1 on "s p>ts mo/ opposite ! sun1 & ?irte5 degrees ( ,frigid ,zone on ^? contigu\s to h] poles2 :i* consequ5tly mu/ leave sev5ty-sev5 degrees = :at we %\ld call h] ,temp]ate ,zones1 bo? 9 ! nor? & s\? p>ts f h] ,equator4 ,our e>?1 unque/ionably1 p]=ms ! (fice ( a moon to ! moon1 wax+ & wan+ regul>ly1 b appe>+ ?irte5 times z l>ge1 &1 ( c\rse1 af=d+ h] ?irte5 times z mu* light z %e does to u4 ,:5 %e *anges to u1 ! e>? appe>s full to h]2 :5 %e is 9 h] fir/ qu>t] to u1 ! e>? is 9 its ?ird qu>t] to h]2 & vice v]s4 ,to ! moon ! e>? seems to be ! l>ge/ body 9 ! univ]se1 & mu/ inde$ be a mo/ magnific5t sight4 ,on ! supposition t ! moon is inhabit$1 x may be obs]v$1 t ^? :o are plac$ ab\t ! middle ( ! surface1 or face next to u1 w con/antly see our e>? ov] _! heads1 & increas+ & decreas+ 9 light1 l z ! moon itself appe>s to u4 ,^? :o are situat$ ne> ! bord]s1 :e!r on ! "r or left1 or ^u ! top or bottom1 w also con/antly h ! same appe>ance 9 ! opposite "p ( ! horizon4 ,b ^? :o live on ! side ( ! moon :i* is n pres5t$ to u1 w "k no?+ ( our e>?1 or at lea/1 !y w nev] h an opportunity ( see+ ?is l>ge & wond]ful moon1 )\t travell+ p]haps m ?an #a1ejj ( our miles on ! surface ( t lum9>y4 ,to ^? :o live on ?is side ( ! moon1 or travel to x on any acc\nt1 z we may pass f ! nor!rn into ! s\!rn hemisph]e ( our globe1 ! e>?1 inde$1 :5 at full to !m1 w appe> to be m ?an ?ree times z broad z ! moon does to u1 & to communicate1 z has be5 already m5tion$1 ab\t ?irte5 times z mu* light to h]1 z %e does to u :5 at ! full4 ,! moon1 possess+ no native light1 %9es entirely by light receiv$ f ! sun1 & :i* is reflect$ to u f h] surface4 ,t half ( h] :i* is t[>ds ! sun is enlight5$1 & ! o!r half is d>k & invisible3 h5ce1 :5 %e is betwe5 u & ! sun1 %e disappe>s1 because h] d>k side is !n t[>ds u4 ,:il/ mak+ h] revolution r\nd ! heav5s1 %e und]goes a cont9ual *ange ( appe>ance4 ,%e is sometimes on our m]idian at midnight1 & !re=e 9 t "p ( ! heav5s :i* is opposite to ! sun2 :5 %e appe>s ) a face completely circul>1 :i* is call$ a full moon4 ,z %e moves ea/w>d1 a "p ( h] d>k side comes =w>d on ! we/]n side1 &1 9 a little m ?an sev5 days1 rea*es to ! m]idian1 at ab\t six 9 ! morn+1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( a semi-circle1 ) ! convex side turn$ t[>ds ! sun3 ?is cresc5t gradually becomes m sl5d]1 till1 ab\t f\rte5 days aft] ! full moon1 be+ s ne> ! sun1 & 9 a l9e betwe5 t lum9>y & our e>?1 %e is r5d]$ invisible to u1 f ! sup]ior spl5dor ( t orb ( light4 ,ab\t f\r days aft] ?is disappe>ance1 %e may be se5 9 ! ev5+1 a little to ! ea/w>d ( ! sun1 9 ! =m ( a f9e cresc5t1#aba z be=e1 b hav+ h] convex side turn$ f ! sun4 ,travell+ /ill t[>ds ! ea/1 ! cresc5t becomes wid]2 & :5 advanc$ to ! m]idian1 ab\t six 9 ! ev5+1 %e aga9 be>s ! appe>ance ( a bright semi-circle1 ) ! same diff]5ce t we obs]v$ ( ! cresc5t1 t is1 its convex side is n[ turn$ f ! sun4 ,advanc+ /ill m ea/w>d1 ! semi-circul> moon wid5s into an oval %ape1 till at la/1 9 ab\t tw5ty-n9e days & a half f ! la/ opposition to ! sun1 %e is aga9 9 ! same situation1 & appe>s a full moon4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! h>ve/ moon1 s call$1 tak5 f ! ,pantalogia1 w no d\bt be acceptable to ! read]4--,x is rem>kable t ! moon1 dur+ ! week 9 :i* %e is full ab\t ! "t ( h>ve/1 rises soon] aft] sun-sett+ ?an %e does 9 any o!r full moon week 9 ! ye>4 ,by ?is means1 %e af=ds an imm$iate supply ( light aft] sun-set1 :i* is v b5eficial = ! h>ve/ & ga!r+ 9 ! fruits ( ! e>?2 & h5ce ?is full moon is di/+ui%$ f all ! o!rs 9 ! ye>1 by call+ x ! h>ve/-moon4 ,to conceive ! reason ( ?is ph5om5on1 x may fir/ be consid]$1 t ! moon is always opposite to ! sun :5 %e is full2 t %e is full 9 ! signs ,pisces & ,aries 9 our h>ve/ mon?s1 ^? be+ ! signs opposite to ,virgo & ,libra1 ! signs occupi$ by ! sun ab\t ! same season2 & because ^? p>ts ( ! ecliptic rise 9 a %ort] space ( "t ?an o!rs1 z may easily be %[n & illu/rat$ by ! cele/ial globe3 consequ5tly1 :5 ! moon is ab\t h] full 9 h>ve/1 %e rises ) less diff]5ce ( "t1 or m imm$iately aft] sun-set1 ?an :5 %e is full at o!r seasons ( ! ye>4 ,9 our w9t]1 ! moon is 9 ,pisces & ,aries ab\t ! "t ( h] fir/ qu>t]1 :5 %e rises ab\t noon2 b h] ris+ is n !n notic$1 because ! sun is above ! horizon4 ,9 spr+1 ! moon is 9 ,pisces & ,aries ab\t ! "t ( h] *ange2 at :i* "t1 z %e gives no light1 & rises ) ! sun1 h] ris+ _c be p]ceiv$4 ,9 summ]1 ! moon is 9 ,pisces & ,aries ab\t ! "t ( h] la/ qu>t]2 & !n1 z %e is on ! decrease1 & rises n till midnight1 h] ris+ usually passes unobs]v$4 ,b 9 autumn1 ! moon is 9 ,pisces & ,aries at ! "t ( h] full1 & rises soon aft] sun-set = sev]al ev5+s successively2 :i* makes h] regul> ris+ v conspicu\s at t "t ( ! ye>4 ,& ?is w\ld always be ! case1 if ! moon's orbit lay 9 ! plane ( ! ecliptic4 ,b z h] orbit makes an angle ( #e #ah ) ! ecliptic1 & crosses x only 9 ! two opposite po9ts call$ ! nodes1 h] ris+ :5 9 ,pisces & ,aries w sometimes n diff] above #a;h4 #djm94 ?r\gh ! :ole ( sev5 days2 & at o!r times1 9 ! same two signs1 %e w diff] ?ree h\rs & a half 9 ! "t ( h] ris+ 9 a week1 accord+ to ! diff]5t positions ( ! nodes ) respect to ^! signs2 :i* positions are con/antly *ang+1 because ! nodes g backw>d ?r\gh ! :ole ecliptic 9 #ah ye>s #bbe days4 ,?is revolution ( ! nodes w cause ! h>ve/ moons to g ?r\gh a :ole c\rse ( ! mo/ & lea/ b5eficial /ates1 ) respect to ! h>ve/1 e n9ete5 ye>s4 ,! foll[+ table %[s 9 :at ye>s ! h>ve/-moons are lea/ b5eficial z to ! times ( _! ris+1 & 9 :at ye>s !y are mo/ b5eficial1 f ! ye> #agij to #ahfa3 ! column ( ye>s "u ! lett] ,l are ^? 9 :i* ! h>ve/-moons are lea/ ( all b5eficial1 because !y fall ab\t ! desc5d+ node2 & ^? "u ! lett] ,m are ! mo/ ( all b5eficial1 because !y fall ab\t ! asc5d+ node4 ,,h>ve/ ,,moons4 ,l ,m ,l ,m ,l ,m ,l ,m #agij #agih #ahjg #ahaf #ahbf #ahce #ahdd #ahec #agia #agii #ahjh #ahag #ahbg #ahcf #ahde #ahed #agib #ahjj #ahji #ahah #ahbh #ahcg #ahdf #ahee #agic #ahja #ahaj #ahai #ahbi #ahch #ahdg #ahef #agid #ahjb #ahaa #ahbj #ahcj #ahci #ahdh #aheg #agie #ahjc #ahab #ahba #ahca #ahdj #ahdi #aheh #agif #ahjd #ahac #ahbb #ahcb #ahda #ahej #ahei #agig #ahje #ahad #ahbc #ahcc #ahdb #ahea #ahfj #ahjf #ahae #ahbd #ahcd #ahdc #aheb #ahfa #ahbe ,:5 ! moon is view$ ?r\gh a good telescope1 !re appe> va/ cavities & asp]ities on v>i\s p>ts ( h] face1 "s ( !m extremely resembl+ deep cav]ns & vallies1 & o!rs m\nta9s4 8,turn'd to ! sun direct1 h] spott$ disk ,%[s m\nta9s rise1 umbrage\s vales desc5d1 ,& cav]ns deep1 z optic tube descries40 ,! cavities1 x is conjectur$1 d n conta9 wat]2 h5ce x is conclud$ t !re c be no ext5sive seas & oceans1 l ^? :i* cov] a great "p ( our e>?4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 imag9$ t !re may be spr+s & ,,riv]s4 ,! moon seems1 z a le>n$ au?or has obs]v$1 9 almo/ e respect to be a body simil> to our e>?1 to h its surface div]sifi$ by hill & dale1 m\nta9s & vallies1 riv]s & lakes4 ,) reg>d to a lun> atmosph]e1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* has long be5 a subject ( mu* dispute1 x is n[ g5]ally admitt$4#abb ,! irregul>ity ( ! moon's surface1 aris+ f hills & vallies1 r5d]s h] m capable ( reflect+ ! sun's rays to u4 ,?\gh philosoph]s h diff]$ widely 9 _! ideas conc]n+ ! mat]ials ( ! moon's m\nta9s1 "s f _! brilliancy ev5 suppos+ !m to be rocks ( diamonds1 !re is no div]sity ( op9ion z to _! use4 ,if smoo? & poli%$1 l a mirror1 or cov]$ ) wat]1 %e w\ld n reflect & di/ribute ! light receiv$ f ! sun4 ,9 "s positions %e w\ld %[ u 8 image no l>g] ?an a s+le po9t1 & ) a lu/re t w\ld injure our sight3 b r\gh5$ by ^! hills & vallies1 h] surface returns ! sun's light to u 9 an equable & pleasant mann]1 & enables u to exam9e h] ) ease & precision4 ,t ! moon is a planet simil> to our e>?1 is a s5tim5t v e>ly adopt$4 ,orpheus is ! mo/ anci5t au?or1 ^: op9ion on ?is subject has come d[n to u4 ,proclus pres5ts u ) ?ree v]ses ( t philosoph]1 :]e9 he positively ass]ts1 t ! moon 0 ano!r e>?1 hav+ 9 x m\nta9s1 vallies1 c4 ,py?agoras1 :o foll[$ ,orpheus 9 _m ( 8 op9ions1 taught likewise1 t ! moon 0 an e>? l ours1 replete ) animals1 ^: nature he presum$ n to describe1 ?\gh he 0 p]suad$ !y 7 ( a m noble & elegant k9d ?an ours1 & n liable to ! same infirmities4 ,/obu gives u ! op9ion ( ,democritus ab\t ! nature ( ! moon1 & ! cause ( ^? spots :i* we see ^u its disk4 ,t great philosoph] imag9$1 t 8^? spots 7 no o!r ?an %ades1 =m$ by ! excessive height ( ! lun> m\nta9s10 :i* int]cept$ ! light f ! l[] p>ts ( t planet1 :]e ! valleys =m$ !mselves into :at appe>$ to u z %ades or spots4 ,plut>* w5t fur!r1 alleg+1 t !re 7 embosom$ 9 ! moon1 va/ seas & pr(\nd cav]ns3 he says1 ^? deep & ext5sive %ades :i* appe> ^u ! disk ( t planet1 mu/ be occasion$ by ! va/ seas x conta9s1 :i* are incapable ( reflect+ s vivid a light1 z ! m solid & opake p>ts2 8or by cav]ns extremely wide & deep1 :]e9 ! rays ( ! sun are absorb$10 :5ce ^? %ades & t obscurity :i* we call ! spots ( ! moon4 ,& ,z5ophanes said1 t ^? imm5se cavities 7 inhabit$ by ano!r race ( m51 :o liv$ !re j z we d ^u e>?4 8,& (t ,i ?9k1 fair planet ( ! night1 ,t 9 ?y orb ! wret*$ may h re/40 ,! height ( ! moon's atmosph]e is suppos$ to be #a4fbb miles2 or a little m ?an a mile & a half4 ,! obs]vations on ! moon h be5 s accurate1 & s (t5 repeat$1 by means ( ! be/ glasses1 t ! map ( ! moon is n[ consid]$ ne>ly p]fect4 ,on ?is map is laid d[n ! position ( spots1 cavities1 & m\nta9s1 repres5t+ _! size1 height1 dep?1 & peculi>ities4 ,!y are v num]\s4 ,"s ( ^! m\nta9s are full five miles high4 ,!y desc5d 9 height1 f ! highe/ to small elevations4 ,sev]al a/ronom]s1 p>ticul>ly ,h]s*ell1 has di/9ctly obs]v$ & describ$ volcanos 9 ! moon1 actually flam+2 & o!rs 9 an expir+ /ate4 ,crat]s ( ext9ct volcanos are visible1 & s num]\s z to indicate v cle>ly1 t volcanic action 0 once v ext5sive & p[]ful 9 ! moon4 ,"s ( ! cavities are m ?an ?ree miles & a half deep1 & sixte5 broad at ! surface4 ,f]guson's ,a/ronomy1 additional *apt]s by ,dr4 ,brew/]4 ,t /ones h fall5 f ! cl\ds or f mu* high] regions1 is a fact :i* has rec5tly be5 v closely inve/igat$1 & also fully demon/rat$4 ,a table1 con/ruct$ by ,m4 ,iz>n1 a =eign *emi/1 exhibits a v>iety ( facts ( ?is k9d1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,places :]e ,p]iod ( ,sub/ances4 !y fell4 _! fall4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,%[] ( /ones4 ,at ,rome4 ,"u ,tullus ,ho/ilius4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,%[] ( /ones4 ,at ,rome4 ,consuls1 ,c4 ,m>tius1 & ,m4 ,torquatus4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a v l>ge /one4 ,ne> ! riv] ,second ye> ( ,negos1 ,?race4 ! #gh? ,olympiad4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,?ree l>ge /ones4 ,9 ,?race4 ,ye> be=e ,j4,c4 #deb4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,/one ( #gb lbs4 ,ne> ,l>issa1 ,janu>y1 #agjf4 ,mac$onia4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,ab\t #a1bjj /ones2 ,ne> ,padua1 ,9 #aeaj4 "o #abj lbs4 9 ,italy4 ,ano!r ( #fj lbs4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,ano!r ( #ei lbs4 ,on ,m\nt ,vasi]1 ,novemb] #bg1 #afbg4 ,prov5ce4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,two l>ge /ones1 ,liponas1 ,septemb]1 #agec4 weigh+ #bj lbs4 9 ,bresse4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a /ony mass4 ,niort1 ,norm&y4 ,9 #agej4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a /one ( #g lbs4 ,at ,luce1 9 ,le ,ma9e4 ,septemb] #ac1 #agfh4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a /one4 ,at ,aire1 9 ,artois4 ,9 #agfh4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a /one4 ,9 ,le ,cont594 ,9 #agfh4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,ext5sive %[] ,environs ( ,ag54 ,july #bd1 #agij4 ( /ones4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,ab\t #ab /ones4 ,si5na1 ,tuscany4 ,july1 #agid4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a l>ge /one ,wold ,cottage1 ,decemb] #ac1 #agie4 ( #ef lbs4 ,york%ire4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a /one ( #aj lbs4 ,9 ,portugal4 ,febru>y #ai1 #agif4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a /one ( #abj lbs4 ,sal1 ,dep>tm5t ,m>* #ag1 #agih4 ( ! ,rhone4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,%[] ( /ones4 ,b5>es1 ,ea/ ,indies4 ,decemb] #ai1 #agih4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,%[] ( /ones4 ,at ,plann1 ne> ,july #c1 #agec4 ,tabor1 ,bohemia4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,mass ( iron1 ,am]ica4 ,april #e1 #ahjj4 #gj cubic feet4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,mass ( d4 ,abakauk1 ,sib]ia4 ,v old4 #ad qu9tals4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,%[] ( /ones4 ,b>b\tan1 ,july1 #aghi4 ne> ,roque=t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,l>ge /one1 ,ensi%eim1 ,novemb] #g1 #adib4 #bfj lbs4 ,upp] ,rh9e4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,two /ones1 ,ne> ,v]ona4 ,9 #agfb4 #bjj & #cjj lbs4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a /one ( #bj lbs4 ,sales1 ne> ,m>* #ab1 #agih4 ,ville ,fran*e4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,sev]al d4 ,ne> ,l',aigle1 ,april #bf1 #ahjc4 f #aj to #ag lbs4 ,norm&y4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,! /ones g5]ally appe> lum9\s 9 _! desc5t1 mov+ 9 oblique directions1 ) v great velocities1 & commonly ) a hiss+ noise4 ,!y are frequ5tly he>d to explode1 or bur/1 & seem to fly 9 pieces1 ! l>g] p>ts fall+ fir/4 ,!y (t5 /rike ! e>? ) su* =ce1 z to s9k sev]al in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,!y are always diff]5t f ! surr\nd+ bodies1 b is e case are simil> to "o ano!r1 be+ semi-metallic1 coat$ ) a ?9 black encru/ation4 ,!y be> /rong m>ks ( rec5t fusion4 ,*emi/s h f\nd1 on exam9+ ^! /ones1 t !y v ne>ly agree 9 _! nature & composition1 & 9 ! proportions ( _! compon5t p>ts4 ,_! specific gravities are g5]ally ab\t ?ree or f\r times t ( wat]1 be+ heavi] ?an common /ones4 ,f ! above acc\nt1 x is reasonable to conclude1 t !y h all ! same orig94 ,i believe x is g5]ally agre$ among philosoph]s1 t all ^! arial /ones1 *emically analys$1 ev9ce ! same prop]ties2 & t no /one1 f\nd on our e>?1 possesses exactly simil> prop]ties1 nor 9 ! same proportions3 ?is is an extraord9>y circum/ance1 & des]ves p>ticul> notice4 ,at ! sitt+ ( ! ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory at ,halle1 ,july #f1 #ahaf1 ,m4 ,*ladni submitt$ to ! inspection ( ! memb]s pres5t1 a collection ( meteoric /ones1 or /ones fall5 f ! atmosph]e2 & to ! exhibition1 he add$ 8 own obs]vations on _! nature & =mation4 ,dr4 ,k/n]1 tak+ up ! subject 9 ! same po9t ( view :i* ,m4 ,*ladni _h giv5 ( x1 admitt$ t ^! /ones are n natives ( ?is e>?1 b ( o!r cele/ial bodies2 to :i* he add$1 t ! *emical analysis ( !m proves1 t _m ( ! same sub/ances z are f\nd 9 our m\nta9s1 & among ! solids ( our globe1 are also compon5t p>ts ( ! solids & m\nta9s ( o!r globes2 c]ta9ly ( ^? cele/ial bodies :i* are ne>e/ to u2 & probably ( ! o!rs :i* =m our planet>y sy/em4 ,t ^! /ones are project$ f lun> volcanos1 v /rong reasons h be5 assign$ to prove4 ,z #a4 ,volcanos 9 ! moon h be5 obs]v$ by means ( ! telescope4 #b4 ,! lun> volcanos are v high1 & ! surface ( t globe suff]s frequ5t *anges1 z appe>s by ! late obs]vations ( ,s*rot]4 #c4 ,if a body be project$ f ! moon to a di/ance great] ?an t ( ! po9t ( equilibrium1 betwe5 ! attraction ( ! e>? & ! moon1 x w1 on ! kn[n pr9ciples ( gravitation1 fall to ! e>?4 #d4 ,t a body may be project$ f ! lun> volcanos beyond ! moon's influ5ce1 is n only possible1 b v probable2 = on calculation x is f\nd1 t f\r times ! =ce usually giv5 to a twelve p\nd]1 w be q suffici5t = ?is purpose3 x is to be obs]v$1 t ! po9t ( equilibrium is mu* ne>]2 & t a projectile f ! moon w n be s mu* ret>d$ z "o f ! e>?1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! moon's r>] atmosph]e1 & its less attractive =ce4#abc ,( all ! ph5om5a ( ! heav5s1 !re are none :i* engage ! att5tion ( mank9d m ?an eclipses ( ! sun & moon2 & to ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples1 no?+ c appe> m extraord9>y ?an ! accuracy1 ev5 to a second ( "t1 ) :i* !y are pr$ict$4 ,eclipses ( ! sun are occasion$ by ! %ad[ ( ! int]v5+ new moon fall+ on ! e>?1 & ^? ( ! moon are caus$ by ! %ad[ ( ! e>? fall+ on ! full moon1 ! e>? at ! full moon be+ always 9 a direction betwe5 ! sun & moon4 ,x is asc]ta9$ t1 = an eclipse ( ! sun to be annul>1 ! mo/ favorable circum/ances w be :5 ! sun is 9 p]igee1 & ! moon 9 apogee2 &1 = an eclipse to be total1 ! mo/ favorable case is :5 ! sun is 9 apogee1 & ! moon 9 p]igee4 ,! motion ( ! moon be+ mu* swift] ?an t ( ! e>?1 & ! motions ( bo? be+ direct$ f we/ to ea/1 an eclipse ( ! sun mu/ always beg9 9 ! we/]n edge ( ! sun2 & z ! moon is a great deal less ?an ! e>?1 h] %ad[ =ms a cone1 ! section ( :i* is mu* less ?an ! e>?1 s t a small portion ( ! e>? only c1 at any "t1 be involv$ 9 ! %ad[ at "o "t4 ,h5ce x is1 t an eclipse ( ! sun is n p]ceiv$1 at ! same in/ant1 9 e "p ( ! hemisph]e t is turn$ t[>ds ! sun1 & t1 9 "s p>ts1 x w n be se5 at all4 ,= in/ance1 a fri5d ( m9e1 writ+ f ,ceylon 9 ! mon? ( ,may1 7#ahag17 says1 8,on ! #af? ( ?is mon?1 we _h a f9e sight ( an eclipse ( ! sun ab\t noon3 ,i ?9k ab\t #c-d?s ( ! surface 7 cov]$40 ,b 9 ?is c\ntry we _h no sol> eclipse at ! same "t4 ,aga91 9 diff]5t situations1 diff]5t p>ts ( ! sun's disk w appe> eclips$2 b1 on ! contr>y1 an eclipse ( ! moon is p]ceiv$1 at ! same mom5t1 9 e "p ( ! e>? :]e ?is planet is visible1 & appe>s e :]e to occupy ! same portion ( h] disk4 ,h5ce1 eclipses ( ! sun are mu* less frequ5t 9 any p>ticul> place ?an eclipses ( ! moon4 ,if ! nodes ( ! moon con/antly correspond$ ) ! same po9ts 9 ! heav5s1 ! eclipses ( ! sun or moon might be expect$ 9 ! same mon?s1 & ev5 on ! same days2 b z ! nodes %ift backw>ds1 or contr>y to ! e>?'s annual motion1 ab\t #ai degrees 9 a ye>1 ! same node w come r\nd ab\t n9ete5 days soon] e ye> ?an 9 ! prec$+4 ,f ! "t1 !re=e1 :5 ! asc5d+ node passes by ! sun1 z se5 f ! e>?1 !re w be only #agc days be=e ! desc5d+ node passes by him4 ,if1 !n1 at any "t ( ! ye>1 we h eclipses ab\t ei!r ( ! nodes1 _! return may be expect$ 9 ab\t #agc days1 9 or ne> ! o!r4 ,x may be fur!r obs]v$1 t1 aft] ! sun1 moon1 & nodes1 h be5 once 9 a l9e ( conjunction1 !y w return ne>ly to ! same /ate aga9 9 #bbh lunations1 or eighte5 ye>s & t5 days2 s t ! same node :i* 0 9 conjunction ) ! sun & moon at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ ( ^! lunations1 w be )9 less ?an half a degree ( ! l9e ( conjunction ) ! sun & moon aga91 :5 ! la/ ( ^! lunations is complet$4 ,9 t "t1 !re=e1 !re w be a regul> p]iod ( eclipses = _m ages4 ,^! ?+s be+ prop]ly consid]$1 x w n be difficult to conceive h[ a/ronom]s are able to =etell ! exact "t :5 any ph5om5on ( ?is k9d w happ52 =1 z an eclipse c only take place at ! "t ( a new or full moon1 ! pr9cipal requisites are1 to det]m9e ! numb] ( mean conjunctions & oppositions t w happ5 e ye>1 & ! true places ( ! sun & moon 9 _! orbits at ea* ( ^? times4 ,&1 if f ?is1 :5 prop] calculations h be5 made1 x appe>s t ! two lum9>ies are )9 ! prop] limits ( ! node1 !re w be an eclipse4 ,to facilitate ^! op]ations1 we h a/ronomical tables ready comput$1 by :i* ! places ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & e o!r p>ticul> requir$1 may be easily f\nd = any giv5 in/ant ( "t4#abd ,) delight we reflect on ! invaluable b5efits :i* ?is less] light conf]s on our globe4 ,%e sometimes appe>s visible 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sun2 b h[ fa9t & pale is h] %9+6 ,god has appo9t$ h] to rule ! night1 & give light to m54 ,h[ *e]less & uncom=table w\ld our nights be1 7 we de/itute ( ! light :i* ?is fai?ful & insep>able companion ( our e>? disp5ses6 ,h[ /range are h] eclipses1 occasion$ by ! e>? int]pos+ & %ad+ h] face6 b1 !y are highly useful 9 a/ronomical1 geographical1 & *ronological calculations4 ,h[ salut>y1 too1 is h] attractive influ5ce1 :i* sways ! ocean1 & actuates ! _w ( wat]s2 caus+ ! swell+ ( ! tides1 & p]petuat+ ! regul> returns ( ebb & fl[2 by :i* ! liquid elem5t itself is pres]v$ f putrefaction1 & ! surr\nd+ cont95ts f infection & disease4 ,a moonlight night has l$ ! greate/ poets 9 e age to vie ) ea* o!r 9 attempt+ to describe its beauty & use4 ,among all ! treasures ( mod]n poetry1 ,i "k n "o sup]ior1 = pleas+ imag]y1 & v>iety ( numb]s1 to t ( ,milton3 8,n[ came /ill ev5+ on1 & twilight grey ,_h 9 h] sob] liv]y all ?+s clad4 ,n[ gl[$ ! firmam5t ,) liv+ sapphires3 ,hesp]us1 t l$ ,! />ry ho/1 rode brighte/1 till ! ,moon1 ,ris+ 9 cl\d$ maje/y1 at l5g?1 ,app>5t que51 unveil$ h] pe]less light4 ,& o'er ! d>k h] silv] mantle ?rew40 ,hom]1 9 ! eigh? book ( ! ,iliad1 gives u a description ( a f9e moonlight night1 :i* is e/eem$ a ma/]-piece ( nocturnal pa9t+4 ,milton's p5cil leaves (f :]e t ( ,hom] beg9s3 8,z :5 ! ,moon1 refulg5t lamp ( night1 ,o'er heav5's cle> azure %$s h] sacr$ light2 ,:5 n a brea? di/urbs ! deep s]5e1 ,& n a cl\d o'erca/s ! solemn sc5e2 ,ar\nd h] ?rone ! vivid planets roll1 ,& />s unnumb]$ gild ! gl[+ pole2 ,o'er ! d>k trees a yell[] v]dure %$1 ,& tip ) silv] e m\nta9's head2 ,!n %9e ! vales2 ! rocks 9 prospect rise2 ,a flood ( glory bur/s f all ! skies2 ,! consci\s swa9s rejoic+ 9 ! sight1 ,eye ! blue vault1 & bless ! useful light40 ,! wise ,son ( ,sira*1 al?\gh 8 writ+s are n admitt$ into ! sacr$ canon1 des]ves to be he>d on ?is subject4 ,he says1 8,! ,"l made ! moon also to s]ve 9 h] season1 = a decl>ation ( times1 & a sign ( ! _w4 ,f ! moon is ! sign ( fea/s1 a light decrease? 9 h] p]fection4 ,! mon? is call$ aft] h] "n1 increas+ wond]fully 9 h] *ang+1 be+ an in/rum5t ( ! armies above1 %9+ 9 ! firmam5t ( heav52 ! beauty ( heav51 ! glory ( ! />s1 an ornam5t giv+ light to ! highe/ places ( ! ,"l4 ,at ! comm&m5t ( ! ,holy ,"o !y w /& 9 _! ord]1 & nev] fa9t 9 _! wat*es40 ,?is is p>aphras$ ) great elegance & _s by ,mr4 ,broome3 8,by ?y comm& ! moon1 z day-light fades1 ,lifts h] broad circle 9 ! deep'n+ %ades2 ,array$ 9 glory1 & en?ron$ 9 light1 ,%e breaks ! solemn t]rors ( ! night2 ,sweetly incon/ant 9 h] v>y+ flame1 ,%e *anges /ill1 ano!r1 yet ! same6 ,n[ 9 decrease1 by sl[ degrees %e %r\ds ,h] fad+ lu/re 9 a vale ( cl\ds2 ,n[ ( increase1 h] ga!r+ beams display ,a blaze ( light1 & give a pal] day2 ,t5 ?\s& />s adorn h] glitt]+ tra91 ,fall :5 %e falls1 & rise ) h] aga92 ,& o'er ! des]ts ( ! sky unfold ,_! burn+ spangles ( sid]eal gold3 ,?r\gh ! wide heav5s %e moves s]5ely bright1 ,que5 ( ! gay att5dants ( ! night3 ,orb above orb 9 sweet confusion lies1 ,& ) a bright disord] pa9ts ! skies40 ,_m /rik+ epi!ts h be5 giv5 to ?is refulg5t lamp ( ! night1 "s ( :i* are notic$ by ,ni*ols 9 8 ,conf]5ce ) a ,!i/4 ,tully ass]ts1 t ! moon 0 call$ ,diana1 because %e made a day ( ! night1 :il/ all o!r />s did n make a twilight4 s*ylus1 a tragic poet1 born at ,a!ns #cig be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 calls h] 1 ! anci5t1 ! gov]ness1 or "m ( ! />s4 ,apoll9>is1 bi%op ( ,hi]apolis1 9 ,phrygia1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #aga1 d5om9ates h]1 1 ! que5 ( ! nightly pa?s4 ,tynesius1 :o fl\ri%$ ,a4,c4 #djj1 /yles h]1 1 ! pr9cess ( ! nocturnal gods3 :i* is consonant to ,horace's lucidum cli decus--syd]um reg9a4 ,virgil likewise calls h]1 a/rorum decus1 ! ornam5t ( ! />s4 ,s5eca t]ms h]1 obscuri dea cl>a mundi1 ! bright goddess ( ! obscure _w2 & also cl>umque cli sydus et noctis decus1 ! bright /> ( heav51 & ! grace ( ! night4 ,/atius1 :o liv$ at ,rome 9 ! reign ( ,domitian1 9 8 ,!bais1 t]ms h]1 arcan mod]atrix ,cyn?ia noctis1 ! moon ! gov]ness ( sil5t night4 8,fair z ! moon10 0 an anci5t mann] ( describ+ beauty1 &1 x is said1 /ill prevails 9 ! ,ea/4 ,among ! anci5ts1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,butl]1 ! moon 0 an object ( prime respect4 ,by ! ,hebrews1 %e 0 m reg>d$ ?an ! sun1 & !y 7 m incl9$ to wor%ip h] z a deity4 ,! new moons1 or fir/ days ( e mon?1 7 obs]v$ z fe/ivals among !m1 :i* 7 celebrat$ ) s\nd ( trumpets1 ent]ta9m5ts1 & sacrifice4 ,! moon 0 ! goddess ( ! ,phnicians1 :om !y wor%ipp$ "u ! "n ,a%tore?1 or ,a/>te4 ,! moon is sometimes 9 ,scripture /yl$1 ! 8que5 ( heav540 ,%e is likewise /yl$1 8! goddess ( ! ,zidonians10 & 8! abom9ation ( ! ,zidonians10 z %e 0 wor%ipp$ v mu* 9 ,zidon1 or ,sidon1 a fam\s city ( ! ,phnicians1 situat$ ^u ! ea/]n coa/ ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,solomon1 :o _h _m wives t 7 =eign]s1 0 prevail$ ^u by !m to introduce ! wor%ip ( ?is goddess into ,israel1 & he built h] a temple on ! m\nt ( ,olives1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ?is & o!r idols1 is call$ 8! m\nt ( corruption40#abe ,milton says1 8,!re /ood ,h] temple on ?' (f5sive m\nta91 built ,by t uxori\s k+1 ^: he>t1 ?\gh l>ge1 ,beguil'd by fair idolatresses1 fell1 ,to idols f\l40 ,! full moon 0 held favorable = any und]tak+ by ! ,sp>tans2 & no motives c\ld induce !m to ent] ^u an exp$ition1 m>* an army1 or attack an enemy1 till ! full ( ! moon4 ,x is usual ) ! mod]n ,arabians to beg9 _! j\rneys at ! new moon2 a practice :i*1 inde$1 appe>s to be v anci5t4 ,:5 ! ,%unammite propos$ go+ to ,eli%a1 h] husb& dissuad$ h] by obs]v+ t x 0 nei!r new moon nor sabba?4 #a4 ,! moon is an emblem ( ! *ur* ( ,god1 :i* receives its light f ,*ri/ z ! moon does f ! sun4 ,especially1 ( ! ,jewi% disp5sation1 :i* consi/$ mu* 9 ! obs]vation ( new moons1 its solemn fea/s be+ gov]n$ by !m4 ,! ,jewi% disp5sation 0 a veil$ & %ad[y "o3 ,*ri/ & ! bless+s ( ! cov5ant ( grace 7 reveal$ 9 d>k promises1 obscure prophecies1 types & c]emonies1 :i* 7 all significant figures ( t grace :i* %\ld be display$1 ) fulness & evid5ce1 "u ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation4 ,! ,jewi% economy exhibits su* m>ks ( imp]fection1 z %[ ! necessity ( "s new revelation to supply its defects4 ,its rites & precepts seem to be p>ticul>ly suit$ to ! condition1 capacity1 temp] & g5ius ( t p>ticul> p1 = :om !y 7 fir/ =m$1 b n to be calculat$ = g5]al use4 ,x consi/$ *iefly ( ext]nal p]=mances1 su* z wa%+s1 sacrifices1 & oblations1 :i* c\ld n purify ! consci5ce1 nor1 inde$1 satisfy ! reason ( man4 ,! provision = s91 by way ( atonem5t1 0 p>tial1 & n ?or\ghly effectual3 = "s s9s no sacrifice 0 admitt$2 & ?\gh sacrifice1 :]e x 0 appo9t$1 might atone = c]emonial impurity1 yet ! inw>d guilt & defilem5t /ill rema9$1 & ! ju/ice ( ,god 0 n satisfi$4 ,yet ! obs]vance ( ^! 0 enjo9$ 9 a v awful mann]4 ,! omission ( :at 0 prescrib$ by ^! laws1 or ev5 a defect 9 obs]v+ ! m9ute circum/ances ( !m1 0 made a capital crime1 or r5d]$ ! del9qu5ts liable to be cut (f f ! congregation4 ,! ,apo/le /yles ! :ole code ( ^! laws1 8a yoke ( bondage20 & says1 t1 previ\s to ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 ! ,jews 7 9 bondage "u :at he t]ms 8! begg>ly elem5ts ( ! _w40 ,!re 7 inde$ wise reasons = su* a disp5sation3 to keep ! ,jews a di/9ct p1 & pres]ve !m f idolatry1 :ile !y 7 cont9ually employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( ,god2 to rem9d !m ( _! obligations to purity1 inw>d & outw>d hol9ess2 &1 z a s*oolma/]1 to br+ !m to ,*ri/2 ! law be+ a type & %ad[ ( t 8tru? & grace :i* came by ,jesus ,*ri/10 :o 0 8! end ( ! law = righte\sness40 ,on :i* acc\nt1 ! law ( ,moses 0 n p]petual1 b a tempor>y in/itution3 ?us ! ,apo/le reasons1 8,!re is v]ily a disannull+ ( ! comm&m5t go+ be=e = ! weakness & unpr(itabl5ess !re(2 =10 z he says 9 ano!r place1 8! law c\ld n 9 any wise make ! com]s !reunto p]fect40 ,he calls ! law1 8a %ad[ ( good ?+s to come40 ,! ,levitical c]emonies l$ ! ,jewi% *ur* into ! k ( ! promis$ ,messiah1 & :at he 0 to d1 suff]1 pur*ase1 & apply4 ,h5ce ! words ( ,/4 ,pet]1 8,( :i* salvation ! prophets h inquir$ & se>*$ dilig5tly1 :o prophesi$ ( ! grace t %\ld come unto y3 se>*+ :at or :at mann] ( "t ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ :i* 0 9 !m did signify1 :5 x te/ifi$ be=eh& ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 & ! glory t %\ld foll[4 ,unto :om x 0 reveal$1 t n to !mselves1 b unto u !y did m9i/] ! ?+s :i* are n[ report$ unto y by !m t h prea*$ ! gospel unto y1 ) ! ,holy ,gho/ s5t d[n f heav540 ,! ,*ri/ian disp5sation is att5d$ ) great] cle>ness4 ,we h a f> m compreh5sive k ( ! glori\s ,r$eem]1 9 8 p]son1 natures1 (fices1 & bless+s2 ( ! spiritual nature ( 8 k+dom1 & ! way ( salvation ?r\gh fai? 9 him1 ?an :at ! ,jews _h4 ,?us ! ,apo/le says1 8,b we all ) op5 face behold+ z 9 a glass ! glory ( ! ,"l1 are *ang$ into ! same image1 f glory to glory1 ev5 z by ! ,_s ( ! ,"l40 ,9 ! ,revelation1 we h ?is repres5tation giv5 ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*3 8,& !re appe>$ a great wond] 9 heav52 a woman clo!d ) ! sun1 & ! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s40 ,an au?or1 quot$ by ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 gives ! foll[+ elucidation ( ?is passage4--,t ! woman "h repres5ts ! true *ur* ( ,*ri/1 mo/ comm5tators are agre$4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,apocalypse1 ! pure *ur* ( ,*ri/ is evid5tly p\rtray$ by a woman4 ,9 *apt] xix1 v]se #g1 a great multitude are repres5t$ z say+1 8,let u be glad & rejoice1 & give honor to him2 = ! m>riage ( ! ,lamb is come1 & 8 wife ha? made h]self ready40 ,9 *apt] xxi1 #i1 an angel talks ) ,/4 ,john1 say+1 8,come hi!r1 ,i w %[ !e ! bride1 ! ,lamb's wife40 ,t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is meant w appe> also f h] be+ 8clo!d ) ! sun10 a /rik+ emblem ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness1 ! light & glory ( ! ,*ur*2 = ! c\nt5ance ( ! ,son ( ,god is1 z 8! sun %9e? 9 8 /r5g?40 ,! woman has ! 8moon "u h] feet40 ,bi%op ,newton und]/&s ?is ( ! ,jewi% typical wor%ip2 &1 inde$1 ! ,mosaic sy/em ( rites & c]emonies c\ld n h be5 bett] repres5t$4 ,! moon is ! less light1 rul+ ov] ! night1 & d]iv+ all its illum9ation f ! sun3 9 l mann]1 ! ,jewi% disp5sation 0 ! bright moonlight night ( ! _w1 & possess$ a portion ( ! glori\s light ( ! gospel4 ,at ! ris+ ( ! sun ! night is end$1 & ! lun> light no long] necess>y z ! sun :i* enlight5s h] %9es full ^u ! e>?3 exactly 9 ! same way has ! :ole ,jewi% sy/em ( types & %ad[s be5 sup]s$$ by ! bir?1 life1 crucifixion1 dea?1 resurrection1 asc5sion1 & int]cession ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,^u ! head ( ! woman is 8a cr[n ( twelve />s20 a v significant repres5tation ( ! twelve apo/les1 :o 7 ! fir/ f\nd]s ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*2 & by :om ! gospel 0 prea*$ 9 a great "p ( ! ,roman empire ) a/oni%+ success4 #b4 ,! ph5om5on ( ! moon is mutability4 ,?is beautiful lum9>y1 ^: g5tle beams r5d] ! summ] ev5+s /ill m agreeable1 & 9 ! w9t] nights *e] ! abodes ( solitude1 & aid ! midnight travell]1 is p]petually *ang+4 ,9 ?is1 & 9 no?+ b ?is1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,basely1 %e is inv>iable1 & a p]fect index to all )9 h] orbit4 ,?is %\ld tea* u1 says ,mr4 ,br[ne1 t !re is n any ?+ p]man5t 9 ! pres5t sc5e4 ,mutability is engrav$ 9 legible *>act]s ^u e e>?ly object4 ,e ?+ is 9 motion1 & assum+ a diff]5t appe>ance1 :il/ vicissitude & *ange wait on ! affairs ( mortals4 ,su* is ! fluctuat+ /ate ( ! pres5t _w1 :e!r we view k+doms 9 g5]al1 or ! p]sonal conc]ns ( m5 9 p>ticul>4 ,b :ile ^! ?+s are =tuit\s z to man1 we %\ld reflect t !y are "u ! direction & control ( a ,div9e provid5ce4 ,! prosp]\s issue ( all our designs & ent]prises dep5ds entirely on ! sov]eign dispos] ( ev5ts4 8,except ! ,"l build ! h\se1 !y labor 9 va9 t build x2 except ! ,"l keep ! city1 ! wat*man wake? b 9 va940 8,a man's he>t devise? 8 way2 b ! ,"l directe? 8 /eps20 ! result ( 8 designs & projects be+ "u ! dom9ion & direction ( ,god4 ,:e!r 8 und]tak+ %all succe$ or fail1 belongs alone to ! ,mo/ ,high to det]m9e4 ,let z arrange our worldly conc]ns 9 ! mo/ prud5t & politic mann]1 s t !re %all appe> ! greate/ probability ( success1 yet ,god has ! ord]+ ( ! ev5t4 ,solomon has long s9ce obs]v$1 t1 among/ ! _m vanities "u ! sun1 "o is1 8! race is n to ! swift1 nor ! battle to ! /rong1 nei!r yet bread to ! wise1 nor yet ri*es to m5 ( und]/&+1 nor yet favor to m5 ( skill3 b "t & *ance happ5e? to !m all40 ,"s un=ese5 circum/ance may int]rupt our pursuit1 & disappo9t our expectation4 ,s great is ! unc]ta9ty :i* att5ds all human affairs1 & all future ev5ts are conceal$ 9 su* ?ick d>kness1 t we c nev] positively affirm t ?is or ! o!r s*eme1 h[ev] wisely laid1 _c be fru/rat$1 or t x is impossible ! success %\ld be o!rwise ?an z we calculate4 ,no man kn[s :at %all be on ! morr[2 ! only ?+ we "k previ\sly is1 t e ev5t %all be z ,god is pleas$ to settle x4 ,?is consid]ation1 t x is n by our own *oice & =esight1 b ! w & wisdom ( ,god1 our affairs are direct$ & det]m9$1 we %\ld apply to ourselves4 ,we are n compet5t to m>k out our own ways1 nor c we s]i\sly imag9e t matt]s %\ld be arrang$ exactly accord+ to our imp]fect views & secret incl9ations2 b we %\ld ref] ourselves to 8 guidance :o _c err1 & will+ly acquiesce 9 8 provid5tial decisions3 say+1 8,i "k1 oh ,"l1 t ! way ( man is n 9 himself3 x is n 9 man t walke? to direct 8 own /eps40 ,we are comm&$ by ! ,apo/le ,james to say1 8,if ! ,"l w1 we %all live1 & d ?is1 or t40 ,& ,solomon's advice is1 8,tru/ 9 ! ,"l ) all ?9e he>t2 & lean n unto ?9e own und]/&+4 ,9 all ?y ways ackn[l$ge him1 & he %all direct ?y pa?s40 ,conc]n+ all our lawful designs1 ent]prises1 & projects1 we may pray1 8,e/abli% ?\ ! "w ( our h&s ^u u2 yea1 ! "w ( our h&s e/abli% ?\ x40 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,iii4--,,! ,,seasons4 ,seasons3 ,spr+1 ,summ]1 ,autumn1 ,w9t] -- ,display+ ,div9e ,p[]1 ,wisdom1 ,goodness1 ,fai?fulness -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 ,! ,div9e ,ar*itect appo9t$ ! sun & moon ! places ( _! ris+1 ! circuits !y 7 to run1 & :]e !y 7 to g d[n3 he m>k$ out ! l9e 9 :i* !y 7 to move ?r\gh all ! diff]5t climates ( ! e>?4 ,!y in/antly obey$ 8 all-p[]ful ^w1 & h ev] s9ce act$ fai?fully to 8 comm&4 ,9 _! op]ations1 !y measure out our days & nights1 di/+ui% betwe5 diff]5t p]iods ( "t1 & produce ! sev]al seasons ( ! ye>4 8,) :at an awful _w-revolv+ p[] ,7 fir/ ?' unwieldy planets laun*$ along ,?' illimitable void6 ,?us to rema9 ,amid ! flux ( _m ?\s& ye>s1 ,t (t has swept ! toil+ race ( m5 ,& all _! labor$ monum5ts away1 ,firm1 unremitt+1 mat*less 9 _! c\rse2 ,to ! k9d temp]$ *ange ( night & day1 ,& ( ! seasons ev] /eal+ r\nd1 ,m9utely fai?ful40 ,god is ! supreme rul] 9 ! k+dom ( nature1 & ! con/ant *anges ( day & night1 summ] & w9t]1 se$-"t & h>ve/1 are appo9t$ & regulat$ by 8 provid5tial influ5ce4 ,?is wond]ful & /up5d\s sy/em1 consi/+ ( matt]1 is pres]v$ by motion4 ,deprive x ( motion1 &1 z a sy/em1 x mu/ expire4 ,:o1 !n1 brea!d into ?is amaz+ comb9ation ( ?+s act+ toge!r1 ! life ( motion8 ,:at p[] impell$ ! planets to move1 s9ce motion is n a prop]ty ( ! matt] ( :i* !y are compos$8 ,did n annual obs]vation famili>ize x to u 7to speak unphilosophically71 :o t obs]ves ! sun go+ 9 appe>ance fur!r f u dur+ six mon?s 9 succession1 & all t "t decreas+ 9 light & heat1 c\ld ev] ?9k t he w\ld aga9 return to u8 ,:at h9d]s 8 projection into b\ndless space1 till he %\ld appe> no l>g] ?an a />1 or get beyond ! rea* ( our p[]s ( vision8 ,:at1 b ! imm$iate control ( ,god6 = ?is is a "w sup]ior to all creat$ /r5g?1 & only to be effect$ by almighty en]gy4#abf ,:5 we h se5 t glori\s lamp ( heav51 ! great rul] ( ! day1 gone s f> f u t we sc>cely knew h[ to /& be=e ! cold1 h[ has 8 return reviv$ & *e]$ u1 visit+ ! froz5 e>? ) 8 fri5dly beams1 infus+ a g5ial w>m? into e creature1 & inspir+ u ) ! pleas+ hope ( once m enjoy+ ^? v>i\s fruits ( ! e>?1 :i* are ! lib]al gifts ( an indulg5t ,provid5ce6 ,x is ! ,div9e ,be+ :o comm&s ! sun to rise1 :o1 8com+ out ( 8 *amb]0 9 ! ea/1 rejoices z a /rong man to run a race4 ,aga91 he bids ?is glori\s orb to )draw1 & obscure 8 beauty beh9d ?ick cl\ds1 or s9k bel[ ! we/]n ocean2 :51 behold1 ! day is cov]$ ) d>kness1 & night succe$s4 ,at 8 sov]eign comm&1 ! gl[+ summ] rec$es1 & w9t] approa*es ) *ill+ aspect4 8,he s5ds 8 sn[ l wool1 & scatt]e? 8 ho> fro/ l a%es4 ,he ca/e? =? 8 ice l morsels3 :o c /& be=e 8 cold80 ,he !n recalls ! sol> influ5ce1 scatt]s ! inauspici\s cl\ds1 ?aws ! froz5 ridges ( ! field2 ! corn spr+s up & fl\ri%es1 & ! he>t ( man rejoices ) ! pleas+ hope ( a pl5te\s h>ve/4 ,?us does ! almighty ,creator1 & b5efic5t ,gov]nor ( ! _w1 ord] & regulate ! con/ant succession ( ! seasons2 8 ,provid5ce ov]-rules & directs ! :ole movem5t1 & no?+ c come to pass )\t 8 sup]9t5d5ce4 ,reason1 z well z sup]natural revelation1 ass]ts ! reality ( a ,div9e provid5ce4 ,! happie/ inquir]s into ! ph5om5a ( nature h discov]$ t e ?+ is made ) ! ju/e/ proportion1 & t ! :ole ma*9e is direct$ accord+ to ! mo/ exact rules3 b !y h also p]ceiv$ a p[] above & beyond ! en]gy ( natural pr9ciples1 & :i* c\ld n possibly be acc\nt$ = any o!r way ?an by admitt+ an imm$iate act or influ5ce ( ! supreme ,be+4 ,9 ! revolv+ ( ! cele/ial orbs1 we obs]ve an exact agreem5t ) ! e/abli%$ laws ( me*anism3 b1 yet1 !re is a =ce demon/rable 9 !m :i* is altoge!r imme*anical2 &1 consequ5tly1 imm$iately issu+ f ,god himself4 ,! rem>ks made by ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke on ?is po9t1 w1 x is presum$1 gratify ! intellig5t read]4 8,! d\ble motion ( a prim>y planet1 namely1 its annual revolution & diurnal rotation1 is "o ( ! greate/ wond]s ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy pres5ts to our view4--,! laws :i* regulate ! latt] ( ^! motions are s completely hid f man1 not)/&+ 8 pres5t great ext5sion ( philosophic rese>*1 t ! times :i* ! planets employ 9 _! rotations c only be det]m9$ by obs]vation4 ,h[ is x t two motions1 s ess5tially diff]5t f ea* o!r1 %\ld be 9 ! same body1 at ! same "t1 )\t "o int]f]+ at all ) ! o!r8--,no a/ronom]1 s9ce ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 has be5 able to demon/rate t ! e>?'s motion 9 ! heav5s is at all accel]at$ or ret>d$ by ! diurnal rotation2 or1 on ! o!r h&1 t ! e>?'s motion on its axis exp]i5ces ! lea/ irregul>ity f ! annual revolution40 ,! rotation ( ! e>? r\nd its own axis1 f we/ to ea/1 once 9 #bc h\rs1 #ef m9utes1 #d seconds1 is ! cause ( ! di/9ction betwe5 day & night1 by br++ ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>?'s surface successively into1 & f "u ! sol> rays4 ,& ! revolution ( ! e>? r\nd ! sun1 f any equ9ox or sol/ice to ! same po9t aga91 9 #cfe days1 #dh m9utes1 #dh seconds1 produces ! agreeable vicissitudes ( ! seasons1 & measures ! l5g? ( our ye>4 ,= ?\gh ! revolution is t ( ! e>?1 yet bo? ! h\rs ( ! day & night1 ! diff]5t l5g?s ( ! days & nights1 & ! seasons ( ! ye>1 _c be det]m9$ b by ! heav5ly bodies4 ,?us ! e>? has a two-fold motion1 l a *>iot-:eel2 = :ile x goes =w>d on its annual j\rney1 x is /ill 9 its diurnal motion turn+ ^u its own c5tre4 ,b x diff]s f ! motion ( a *>iot-:eel 9 ?is3 t its h\rly motion 9 its orbit is #ge1bbb miles2 & t by ! motion ^u its axis1 ! inhabitants on ! equator are c>ri$ aft] ! rate ( #a1jdb miles an h\r1 & ^? ^u ! p>allel ( ,london #ehj miles4 ,! ,dr4 proce$s1 8,h[ wond]ful is ?is contrivance6 & :at incalculable b5efits result f x6 ,! un9t]rupt$ & equable diurnal rotation ( ! e>? gives u day & night 9 _! succession1 & ! annual revolution causes all ! v>i$ sc5]y ( ! ye>4 ,if "o motion int]f]$ ) ! o!r1 ! return ( ! day & night w\ld be irregul>2 & ! *ange ( seasons att5d$ ) unc]ta9ty to ! husb&man4 ,^! two motions are1 !re=e1 h>moni\sly impress$ ^u ! e>?1 t ! graci\s promise ( ! great ,creator might be fulfill$1 #8,:ile ! e>? rema9e?1 se$-"t & h>ve/1 & cold & heat1 & summ] & w9t]1 & day & night1 %all n cease4' 8,! d\ble motion ( a second>y planet is /ill m s+ul> ?an t ( its prim>y2 = 7tak+ ! moon = an example7 besides its p>ticul> revolution r\nd ! e>?1 :i* is p]=m$ 9 #bg days1 #g h\rs1 #dc m9utes1 #d seconds2 x is c>ri$ r\nd ! sun ) ! e>? once a ye>4 ,( all ! planet>y motions1 ) :i* we h a tol]able acqua9tance1 t ( ! moon is ! mo/ intricate3 upw>ds ( tw5ty equations are necess>y1 9 ! great majority ( cases1 to r$uce h] mean to h] true place2 yet n "o ( !m is d]ivable f ! circum/ance t %e accompanies ! e>? 9 its revolution r\nd ! sun4 ,!y dep5d on ! diff]5t di/ances ( ! e>? f ! sun 9 its annual revolution1 ! position ( ! lun> nodes1 & v>i\s o!r causes1 & n on ! annual revolution itself1 a motion :i*1 ( all o!rs1 might be expect$ to cause great] irregul>ities 9 h] revolution r\nd ! e>? ?an c\ld be produc$ on t ( ! latt] by ! planet>y attractions4 ,:o c =m an adequate conception ( t influ5ce ( ! e>? :i* ?us draws ! moon ) x r\nd ! sun1 precisely 9 ! same mann] z if x 7 a "p ( ! e>?'s surface1 not)/&+ ! int]v5+ di/ance ( ab\t #bdj1jjj miles2 &1 at ! same "t1 leaves undi/urb$ ! moon's prop] motion r\nd ! e>?8 ,& :at b5efic5t purposes are subs]v$ by ?is h>mony8 ,9 consequ5ce ( x1 we h ! p]iodical returns ( new & full moon2 & ! ebb+ & fl[+ ( ! sea1 :i* dep5d on ! v>i\s lun> phases1 ) respect to ! sun & e>?1 7z if demon/rable f ea* ( ^! phases be+ cont9ually contemporane\s ) ! p>ticul> ph5om5on ( ! tides17 always succe$ ea* o!r ) a regul>ity necess>ily equal to t ( ! causes :i* produce !m4 ,?us we see t ,god is cont9ually pres5t1 support+ all ?+s by 8 en]gy1 & t1 :ile 8 work+ is manife/1 8 ways are pa/ f9d+ out40 ,?omson1 9 8 descriptive1 philosophical1 moral1 & religi\s poem1 admirably well del9eates ! revolv+ seasons4 8,^!1 z !y *ange1 ,,almighty ,,fa!r1 ^! ,are b ! v>i$ ,god4 ,! roll+ ye> ,is full ( !e4 ,=? 9 ! pleas+ spr+ ,,?y beauty walks4 ,,?y t5d]ness & love ,wide flu% ! fields2 ! s(t5+ air is balm2 ,e*o ! m\nta9s r\nd2 ! =e/ smiles2 ,& e s5se1 & e he>t is joy4 ,!n comes ,,?y glory 9 ! summ]-mon?s1 ,) light & heat refulg5t4 ,!n ,,?y sun ,%oots full p]fection ?r\gh ! swell+ ye>3 ,& (t ,,?y voice 9 dreadful ?und] speaks2 ,& (t at dawn1 deep noon1 or fall+ eve1 ,by brooks & groves1 9 holl[-:isp]+ gales4 ,,?y b\nty %9es 9 ,autumn unconf9'd1 ,& spreads a common fea/ = all t lives4 ,9 ,w9t] awful ,,?\6 ) cl\ds & /orms ,ar\nd ,,!e ?r[n1 tempe/ o'er tempe/ roll'd4 ,maje/ic d>kness6 on ! :irlw9d's w+1 ,rid+ sublime1 ,,?\ bid/ ! _w adore1 ,& humble/ nature ) ,,?y nor!rn bla/4 ,my/]i\s r\nd6 :at skill1 :at =ce div9e1 ,deep felt1 9 ^! appe>6 a simple tra91 ,yet s delightful mix'd1 ) su* k9d art1 ,su* beauty & b5efic5ce comb9'd2 ,%ade1 unp]ceiv'd1 s s(t5+ into %ade2 ,& all s =m+ an h>moni\s :ole2 ,t1 z !y /ill succe$1 !y ravi% /ill40 ,he :o gov]ns ! :ole frame ( nature1 & directs & regulates ^! successive *anges1 mu/ possess almighty p[]1 )\t :i*1 he w\ld be inf9itely inadequate to ! task4 ,he :o made ! cele/ial orbs ( su* a prodigi\s bulk1 & :irls !m r\nd ) an almo/ incr$ible swiftness1 caus+ ! regul> return ( day & night1 summ] & w9t]1 :at c he n d8 ,none among ! mighty ho/ ( heav51 or among ! inhabitants ( ! e>?1 c resi/ 8 p[]1 or /ay 8 arm :5 lift$ up4 ,he :o creat$ all ?+s out ( no?+1 c\ld1 if he pleas$1 ext+ui% ! lights ( heav51 & %ake ! solid e>? to atoms4 ,h[ easily1 !n1 c he /op our brea?1 break ! sl5d] ?read ( life1 dissolve our feeble frame1 or hurl guilty & imp5it5t s9n]s into ! pit ( de/ruction6 ,he :o br\ght d>kness = ! space ( ?ree days ^u ! ,egyptians1 & a dreadful tempe/ ( =ty days & =ty nights ^u ! inhabitants ( ! old _w1 c make ! days ( ! ungodly d>kness1 & _! nights full ( horror4 ,he c /rike !m ) 8! arr[ t flie? by day10 8 swift po9t$ lightn+2 or ) ! pe/il5tial vapors ( ! night1 :i* 8walk 9 d>kness10 & give ! deadly /roke unse54 8,"l1 :5 my ?\ghtful s\l surveys ,fire1 air1 & e>?1 & />s & seas1 ,i call !m all ?y slaves2 ,commission$ by my fa!r's w1 ,poison %all cure1 or balm %all kill2 ,v]nal suns or zephyr's brea?1 ,may burn or bla/ ! plants to dea?1 ,t %>p ,decemb] saves4 ,:at c w9ds or planets boa/ ,b a prec>i\s p[]8 ,! sun is all 9 d>kness lo/1 ,fro/ %all be fire1 & fire be fro/1 ,:5 he appo9ts ! h\r40 ,%all n1 !n1 su* a frail creature z man1 ?9k & speak ( ?is omnipot5t ,be+ ) ! greate/ rev]5ce & pr(\nd humility8 ,oh ,god1 fill ! m9ds ( all m5 ) j & enl>g$ views ( ?y maje/y & greatness6 = ?\ kille/1 & ?\ make/ alive2 ?\ w\nde/1 & ?\ heale/3 nei!r is !re any t c deliv] out ( ?y h&4 ,div9e wisdom also %9es =? 9 ! regul> & un9t]rupt$ succession ( ! seasons4 8,! ,"l by wisdom ha? f\nd$ ! e>?1 & by und]/&+ e/abli%$ ! heav5s40 ,n only ! diff]5t magnitudes ( ! heav5ly orbs1 b _! p>ticul> di/ances1 & ! h>moni\s laws by :i* !y move1 d l\dly proclaim1 t he :o =m$1 ranges1 & actuates !m all1 mu/ be inf9itely wise4 ,)\t look+ into b\ndless space1 :]e %9e _m ?\s& globes ( light1 or fix$ />s1 suppos$ to be suns l our own1 & to h planets revolv+ r\nd !m1 we may discov] lum9\s displays ( ,div9e wisdom 9 our own sy/em1 9 ! con/ant succession ( ! seasons1 t may ju/ly excite our wond] & adoration4 ,h[ wise mu/ he be :o has s exactly proportion$ ! diff]5t magnitudes ( ! e>? & ! sun1 & plac$ !m at a prop] di/ance f ea* o!r6 ,is n equal wisdom discov]$ 9 t equable1 /eady1 swift1 & complicate motion ( ! e>?1 by :i* ! delightful & necess>y succession ( ! seasons return8 ,x is ! wisdom ( ,god t at fir/ arrang$ ! motion ( ! cele/ial bodies1 & t pres]ves !m 9 _! rapid & yet regul> progressions & rotations1 ) s mu* ord] & h>mony4 8,h[ manifold1 oh ,"l1 are ?y works6 9 wisdom ha/ ?\ made !m all4 ,?y und]/&+ is inf9ite1 = ?\ telle/ ! numb] ( ! />s1 & calle/ !m all by _! names40 ,! goodness ( ,god to ! inhabitants ( ! e>?1 is also display$ 9 ! revolv+ seasons4 ,:5 ! almighty ,creator took a survey ( all ! works 8 h&s _h made1 he saw t !y 7 good2 n only con=mable to et]nal reason1 b prop] to answ] ! end = :i* he design$ !m4 ,& ?is goodness manife/$ 9 ! =mation ( ! _w1 is n m cle>ly discov]$ 9 any ?+ ?an 9 ! return ( day & night1 heat & cold1 summ] & w9t]4 ,we are pleas$ ) ! light 9 ! morn+1 b x is aft] we h re/$ well 9 ! night3 :5 a few h\rs are sp5t1 we gr[ we>y ( ! light1 & wi% = ! return ( ! sil5ce & d>kness ( ! nocturnal season4 ,aft] a long cold w9t]1 we joyfully welcome ! approa* ( summ]2 b :5 scor*$ a few mon?s ) its heat1 & ready to fa9t1 ! return ( w9t] is n s unpleasant to u z x appe>$ m e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,b :atev] effect ^! successions may h ^u u1 x is c]ta9 !y are v b5eficial4 ,! light ( ! day is advantage\s = manag+ ! toils & bus9ess ( life2 & ! coolness & /illness ( ! night are z suitable = re/ & sleep4 ,! summ]'s heat is necess>y = rip5+ ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & ha/5+ ! h>ve/3 b ! w9t]'s cold & ho>y fro/ are subs]vi5t to prep>e ! e>? = ! se$1 & r5d] x f]tile4 ,nay1 ?is dre>y season is s]viceable bo? to man & bea/2 x t5ds to remove di/emp]s contract$ 9 ! summ]'s un:olesome air1 & gives a new spr+ & vigor to nature4 ,h[ great1 !n1 is ! ,div9e goodness 9 pres]v+ ! con/ant & regul> revolution ( ^! seasons1 s pleasant & b5eficial to mank9d6 8,oh t m5 w\ld praise ! ,"l = 8 goodness1 & = 8 wond]ful works to ! *ildr5 ( m540 ,we _c b p]ceive ! fai?fulness ( ,god 9 cont9u+ ^! seasons1 accord+ to 8 promise1 to ?is p]iod4 ,we /ill see day succe$+ day1 & ye> succe$+ ye>3 ?is cov5ant made ) mank9d is inviolably kept4 ,! husb&man cultivates 8 l&1 pl\ghs up ! furr[s1 ca/s 9 ! se$s1 9 hope ( ! ensu+ h>ve/1 :5 he expects t 8 exp5se1 labor1 & pati5ce1 w be recomp5s$ ) a ri* & l>ge increase4 ,b %\ld ,god1 9 ang]1 op5 ! bottles ( heav51 p\r d[n ! ra9 9 torr5ts1 cause swell+ floods to arise1 &1 roll+ ) al>m+ impetuosity =w>d1 to sweep away at once ! fruit ( all 8 toil1 h[ great mu/ be 8 grief & a/oni%m5t6 ,su* 7 ! con/]nation & confusion t seiz$ mank9d at ! "t ( ! flood4 ,! husb&man _h till$ 8 l&1 ?r[n 8 se$ into ! gr\nd2 he saw x ) pleasure spr++ up1 & promis$ himself a pl5tiful h>ve/3 :5 quickly1 all ! flood-gates ( heav5 7 op5$1 all ! f\nta9s ( ! great deep 7 brok5 up1 & a rapid curr5t ov]fl[$ ! spr++ corn1 swept away num]\s flocks ( cattle1 ov]?rew ! habitations ( ! p1 & dr[n$ man & bea/ to ! v tops ( ! m\nta9s6 ,b 9 ?is g5]al ru91 ,noah f\nd favor ) ,god1 & he & 8 family 7 pres]v$ 9 ! ,ark4 ,:5 ! wat]s _h abat$1 & ! e>? became dry1 ?is pi\s patri>*1 be+ mu* affect$ ) ! awful judgm5t inflict$ ^u mank9d1 especially ) ! di/+ui%+ m]cies conf]r$ ^u himself & family1 (f]$ sacrifice1 9 te/imony ( 8 gratitude1 to 8 great ,deliv]]1 :o 0 well-pleas$ ) x4 ,& on ?is1 he made a cov5ant ) him1 & ) all 8 po/]ity1 9 :i* he promises t he w n aga9 curse ! gr\nd = man's sake1 nor any m smite e liv+ ?+1 b t1 8:ile ! e>? rema9e?10 ! successive seasons ( ! ye> %all be cont9u$4 ,! awful disob$i5ce ( ! inhabitants ( ! old _w r5d]$ x necess>y to inflict s dreadful a judgm5t2 b z soon z x _h subsid$1 ,god promis$ nev] to puni% mank9d aga9 s univ]sally4 ,&1 9 tok5 ( 8 fai?fulness1 he set ! ra9b[ 9 ! cl\d1 to be a sign ( 8 cov5ant1 :i* has n be5 brok51 b fai?fully kept ev5 to ?is day4 ,h[ev] ! ,almighty may cont5d 9 ang] ) p>ticul> nations or prov9ces1 he w no m d s ) mank9d 9 g5]al4 ,h[ happy is ! situation ( our native isle6 ,!re are few c\ntries1 if any1 t exce$ x4 ,! climate is temp]ate2 nei!r days nor nights are ev] ( immod]ate l5g?2 ! summ] & w9t] are nei!r extremely hot1 nor excessively cold2 ! se$-"t & h>ve/ are g5]ally favorable1 & ! produce ( ! l& is pl5te\s4 ,! inhabitants ( "s c\ntries endure a long & sev]e w9t]1 see+ n ! sun = _m weeks3 nay1 !re are "s places :]e x rises n = sev]al mon?s2 b ^! p>ts are n inhabit$ 9 ! w9t] season4 ,9 o!r c\ntries1 ! inhabitants are scor*$ ) ! rays ( a v]tical sun1 & wi% 9 va9 = ! cool+ w9t]'s sn[4 ,"s "k n :at is meant by ! heat ( summ]1 & o!rs are z ignorant ( ! cold ( w9t]4 ,"s see ! sun1 b comp>atively feel n 8 w>m+ influ5ce2 :ile o!rs are p5etrat$ ) 8 burn+ rays all ! ye>4 ,b ! p ( ?is c\ntry h mod]ate summ]1 heat suffici5t = rip5+ ! mo/ useful fruits1 & w9t] t may be well endur$4 ,! days are n s hot 9 ! summ]1 b ! nights are suffici5tly cool = allay+ ! heat2 & !y are long en\gh 9 w9t] = manag+ ! bus9ess t is requisite to be done4 ,"s w>m] climates produce m delici\s fruits3 b no c\ntry "u ! canopy ( ! heav5s does m ab\nd ) all ! sub/antial supports ( life2 n only equal to our own consumption1 b frequ5tly to enable u to assi/ our neighbors4 ,happy are ! p t are 9 su* a case3 yea1 ?rice happy are !y ^: ,god is ,jehovah4 ,all 8 works praise him3 may we jo9 ! gr& *orus1 & bless 8 holy "n4 ,surely1 if ! works ( creation 7 att5tively view$1 & s]i\sly consid]$1 !y w\ld n only be truly admir$1 b _! glori\s ,au?or w\ld be s9c]ely reg>d$1 dilig5tly wor%ipp$1 & practically obey$4 ,! foll[+ table has be5 ascrib$ to ! illu/ri\s a/ronom]1 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell4 ,x is con/ruct$ ^u a philosophical consid]ation ( ! attraction ( ! sun & moon 9 _! sev]al positions respect+ ! e>?1 & confirm$ by ! exp]i5ce ( _m ye>s3 actual obs]vation w1 )\t tr\ble1 sugge/ to ! obs]v] :at k9d ( wea!r w mo/ probably foll[ ! moon's entrance into any ( h] qu>t]s2 & t s ne> ! tru?1 t 9 v few in/ances w x be f\nd to fail4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,new or ,full ,moon4 ,summ]4 ,w9t]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,if x be new or full moon1 ,v ra9y4 ,sn[ & ra94 or ! moon ent]s into ! fir/ or la/ qu>t]s at ! h\r ( #ab ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,betwe5 h\rs ( #b & #d ,*angeable4 ,fair & mild4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #d - #f ,fair4 ,fair4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #f - #h ,fair1 if w9d ,n4,w4 ,fair & fro/y1 ,ra9y1 if ,s4 or ,s4,w4 if ,n4 or ,n4,e4 ,ra9y1 if ,s4 or ,s4,w4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #h - #aj ,ditto4 ,ditto4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #aj & ,midnight ,fair4 ,fair & fro/y4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,midnight & #b ,ditto4 ,h>d fro/1 unless w9d ,s4 or ,s4,w4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #b - #d ,cold1 ) ,sn[ & ,/ormy4 frequ5t %[]s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #d - #f ,ra94 ,ditto4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #f - #h ,w9d & ra94 ,/ormy4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #h - #aj ,*angeable4 ,cold1 ra9 if ,w4 sn[ if ,e4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #aj & ,noon ,frequ5t %[]s4 ,cold ) high w9d4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,h5ce1 ! ne>] ! "t ( ! moon's entrance1 at full & *ange1 or qu>t]s1 is to midnight 7t is1 )9 two h\rs be=e or aft] midnight71 ! m fair wea!r is 9 summ]1 b ! ne>] to noon ! less fair4 ,also1 ! moon's entrance1 at full1 *ange1 & qu>t]s1 dur+ six ( ! aft]noon h\rs1 viz4 f f\r to t51 may be foll[$ by fair wea!r2 b ?is is mo/ly dep5dant on ! w9d4 ,! same entrance1 dur+ all ! h\rs aft] midnight except ! two fir/1 is unfavorable to fair wea!r2 ! l1 ne>ly1 may be obs]v$ 9 w9t]4#abg 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is an easy & excell5t me?od ( convey+ in/ruction1 & impress+ x ^u ! he>t1 to take occasion f natural objects to raise ! m9d to ?+s spiritual & div9e4 ,! day & night1 & _! alt]nate *anges1 may sugge/ su* ?\ghts z ! foll[+1 to a s]i\s m9d engag$ 9 m$itation4 ,:at a glori\s creature is light6 ,h[ b5eficial to ?is _w6 ,h[ useful1 nay1 h[ necess>y = manag+ ^? employm5ts :i* c\ld n be done 9 ! night6 ,h[ unwise1 !n1 is he :o po/pones ! necess>y bus9ess ( ! day till night ov]take him8--,s b5eficial1 s requisite1 is ! light ( life 9 ! important "w ( human salvation4 ,does ,god all[ m5 a day1 a graci\s season1 & ! light ( 8 ^w1 = ! good ( _! s\ls8 ,( :at extreme folly %all !y be guilty1 if !y neglect ! necess>y bus9ess till ! night ( dea? come1 & !y drop into ! grave1 :]e !re is nei!r "w1 nor wisdom1 nor device6 ,n[ is ! day ( grace1 & ,god is favor+ !m ) ! light ( reason & revelation4 ,may he give !m wisdom to improve ^! advantages1 to 8 glory1 & _! own happ9ess6 ,!y "k n h[ soon _! sun may set1 & ! night ( dea? come ^u !m4 ,if x %\ld be be=e _! ev]la/+ int]e/ is secur$1 !y w be lo/ = ev]4 ,oh ,"l1 tea* u s to numb] our days1 t we may apply our he>ts to wisdom6 ,night comes on apace2 ,i mu/ soon undress1 & lie d[n to sleep4 ,& x _c be long be=e ,i mu/ put (f ?is body1 lie d[n 9 ! grave & sleep 9 ! du/4 ,:at %all ,i d t my s\l may n be f\nd nak$1 b be clo!d & adorn$ ) ! glori\s robes ( righte\sness8 ,jesus1 to :om %all ,i g b to !e1 = ?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life6--,h[ awful1 & full ( horror1 is ?is approa*+ d>kness6 ,if ! imp]fection ( man did n require ! re/ ( sleep1 surely x w\ld be a pleasant ?+ always to dwell 9 ! light4 ,w x n !n1 be unspeakably delightful to abide 9 ! light ( ,god's c\nt5ance1 to see ! ,div9e ,maje/y ) a /rong & op5 eye8 & to behold 8 unutt]able glories )\t any fe> ( be+ depriv$ ( ! beatific vision1 or ( return+ night8 ,b oh6 h[ dismal mu/ t place ( d>kness be :]e ! light nev] %9es6 :]e ! mis]able inhabitants nev] see "o beam ( ,div9e light1 "o ray f ,god's reconcil$ face6 :]e ! grosse/ d>kness reigns = ev]1 )\t ! lea/ hope ( return+ day6 & :]e no?+ rema9s = !m1 b a black1 a horrible1 an et]nal night6 8,is light s grateful to ! human s5se8 ,creat$ light8 a fa9t1 refract$ ray8 ,"o1 di/ant sun8 ! %ad[1 b1 ( ,god6 ,d>k adumbration ( ! ,,deity8 ,oh6 :at is heav'n6 t day ( endless light8 ,:]e sa9ts %all f ?' ess5tial f\nta9 dr9k ,( radiance6 9 ,god's full1 pat]nal %9e8 ,ah6 :at is ,hell8 ( ev]-abs5t day1 ,a night all hopeless6--& all endless too60 ,! successive *anges ( day & night may sugge/ :at is frequ5tly ! condition ( good p 9 ?is _w4 ,_! day ( prosp]ity is sometimes foll[$ ) a night ( adv]sity2 & !n1 :5 sorr[ & weep+ h endur$ = a night1 light & joy spr+ up 9 ! morn+4--,is ! light ( ! day pleas+8 rejoice 9 x ) trembl+1 = ! night is advanc+4 ,is ! d>kness ( ! night solemn & awful8 rejoice 9 hope t ! day is approa*+4 ,h5ce be in/ruct$1 oh my s\l1 9 ! conc]ns ( ?y et]nal welf>e4 ,are prosp]ity1 heal?1 & relatives1 agreeable8 rejoice 9 !m z "o t rejoices n3 ^! mu/ h an end2 & adv]sity1 sickness1 & dea?1 w come4 ,are losses1 affliction1 & pa91 n joy\s1 b griev\s8 m\rn z "o t weeps n3 ease1 heal?1 & gladness1 are 9 prospect1 & w cont9ue = ev]4 ,& h[ happy & glori\s w t _w be1 :]e light & joy %all nev] cease6 ,b h[ dreadful is t abode :]e d>kness1 despair1 & angui% %all nev] end6 ,! succession ( cold & heat1 w9t] & summ]1 w always sugge/ pi\s & useful reflections 9 retirem5t4 ,h[ pleas+ x is to see ! sun return1 & to feel 8 *e]+ rays1 aft] a long1 cold1 & tempe/u\s w9t]6 ,s x is delightful to ! humble p5it5t s9n]1 aft] a long season ( d>kness & sorr[1 :5 ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness arises ) 8 reviv+ influ5ces1 & ,god lifts ^u him ! smiles ( 8 reconcil$ c\nt5ance4 ,all mis]y1 & cl\ds ( d\bt & fe>1 are !n disp]s$1 & heav5ly light breaks into ! s\l1 & fills x ) gladness4 ,& does ! want ( ! light ( ,god cause ! s]i\s ,*ri/ian to m\rn & weep1 & ta/e no sweetness 9 any ( ! com=ts ( life8 ,h[ extremely mis]able1 !n1 mu/ a p]son be1 :o is driv5 to an ev]la/+ di/ance f ! pres5ce ( ,god1 & f ! glori\s ,sun ( ,righte\sness2 only to see 8 glory v remote1 b nev] to feel ! reviv+ beams ( 8 love2 & to be puni%$ 9 hell1 f> 8f ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l1 & ! glory ( 8 p[]40 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,iv4--,,! ,,planets ,,& ,,fix$ ,,/>s4 ,m]cury -- ,v5us -- ,! ,e>? -- ,m>s -- ,c]es -- ,pallas -- ,juno -- ,ve/a -- ,jupit] -- ,saturn -- ,georgium ,sidus -- ,comets -- ,fix$ ,/>s -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 ,moses1 aft] /at+ t ,god creat$ ! sun & ! moon1 says1 8he made ! />s also40 ,a le>n$ au?or expla9s x1 8he made ! less] light1 ) ! />s1 to rule ! night40 ,x is v probable t ! :ole sol> sy/em 0 creat$ 9 six days3 b z ! design ( ! sacr$ hi/orian 0 to relate :at especially belongs to our globe & its inhabitants1 he !re=e passes by ! planet>y sy/em1 leav+ x simply includ$ 9 ! plural ^w1 %amayim1 heav5s4 ,9 a "w ( ?is nature1 x is prop] to take a concise view ( all ! planets1 _! numb]1 di/ances1 magnitudes1 revolutions1 c4 ,w&]+ ,/>s1 says ,baseley1 is "o ( ! _m appellations by :i* our sol> sy/em has be5 sometimes designat$4 ,& ! figure x makes 9 ! heav5s is n unaptly express$ by ! phraseology4 ,= we di/+ui% ! planets f ! fix$ />s by ! lu/re ( ! =m]1 :i* is only f t side :i* faces ! sun1 & by _! motion1 :i* is seldom1 & !n b app>5tly1 int]rupt$4 ,_! brightness seems m uni=m1 has ! ca/ ( reflect$ r ?an direct illum9ation1 & is altoge!r free f sc9tillation or tw9kl+4 ,_! connection ) ! globe we inhabit is m p]ceptible1 & _! relative situation to "o ano!r less /ation>y4 ,_! di/ance f u is n s remote1 & m susceptible ( calculation4 ,! latt] occupy a c]ta9 region situat$ 9 our neighborhood betwe5 u & ! =m]4 ,! planets are opake bodies1 & ne>ly sph]ical4 ,be+ opake 9 !mselves1 !y become visible only by reflect+ ! light1 :i* !y receive f ! sun4 ,! laws by :i* !y are gov]n$ 7 discov]$ by ,kepl]1 :o demon/rat$ t !y mu/ necess>ily revolve 9 elliptical1 & n 9 circul> orbits4 ,a/ronom]s h divid$ !m into classes3 ! prim>y planets are ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ! ,e>?1 ,m>s1 ,c]es1 ,pallas1 ,juno1 ,ve/a1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 & ! ,georgium ,sidus2 & ! second class includes ! satellites :i* belong to "s ( ! prim>y planets1 su* z ! ,moon1 ! att5dant on ! ,e>?1 ! f\r moons or satellites t revolve ab\t ,jupit]1 ! sev5 t att5d ,saturn1 & ! six t wait on ! ,georgium ,sidus4 ,m]cury is ! smalle/ ( ! sev5 prim>y planets1 & ne>e/ to ! sun2 he appe>s z a small />1 & emits a v vivid :ite light4 ,he 0 call$ by ! ,greeks 1 pla9ly allud+ to 8 brightness4 ,co/>d obs]ves1 8 ,b>k-oor1 ,b>k-oori1 or1 *ang+ ! lett] into z lett]s ( ! same organ frequ5tly are1 ,m>k-oori1 we h 9 ano!r dialect1 ) a ,lat9 t]m9ation u1 ano!r "n ( ?is planet1 ,m]curius2 & f :5ce comes ,m]cury1 z he is call$ by u40 ,?is planet nev] goes to a great] di/ance f ! sun ?an ab\t #bg #ej2 s t he appe>s only a little aft] sunset1 & aga9 a little be=e sunrise2 he is nev] long] 9 sett+ aft] ! sun ?an an h\r & fifty m9utes nor does he ev] rise m ?an an h\r & fifty m9utes be=e t lum9>y3 he is !n ab\t z f> z ! moon appe>s to be f ! sun on ! second day aft] ! *ange4 ,8 mean di/ance f ! sun says ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory1 is to t ( ! e>? f ! sun z #chg to #a1jjj3 h5ce 8 di/ance is ab\t ?irty-sev5 millions ( miles4 ,to an inhabitant ( ,m]cury1 ! sun appe>s almo/ ?ree times broad] ?an we see him f ! e>?2 because ! planet is almo/ ?ree times ne>] to ! sun ?an ! e>?4 ,:5ce also ! sol> disk1 se5 f ,m]cury1 is sev5 times great] ?an ! disk z x appe>s to u1 & ,m]cury has sev5 times m light ?an ! e>?4 8---- ,m]cury ! fir/1 ,ne> bord]+ on ! day1 ) spe$y :eel ,flies swift] on1 inflam+ :]e he comes ,) sev5-fold spl5dor40 ,! diamet] ( ?is planet is m ?an "o-?ird ( ! diamet] ( ! e>?1 or #c1ahj miles4 ,h5ce 8 surface is ab\t #a_/g?2 & 8 magnitude #a_/af? ( t ( ! e>?4 ,8 p]iod ( revolution r\nd ! sun is #hg days1 #bc h\rs1 #ad m9utes1 #cc seconds1 :i* is 8 ye>1 & falls %ort ( ?ree ( our mon?s3 h5ce he moves 9 8 orbit r\nd ! sun at ! rate ( m ?an #ie1jjj miles 9 an h\r4 ,accord+ to "s a/ronom]s1 x has n be5 asc]ta9$ by obs]vation1 :e!r ,m]cury turns ^u 8 own axis1 & !re=e x _c be c]ta9ly affirm$ t he has ! vicissitude ( day & night1 nei!r ! return ( summ] & w9t]3 because !y dep5d ^u ! incl9ation ( ! axis ( 8 rotation1 :i* is unkn[n1 to ! plane ( ! orbit :i* he describes ab\t ! sun2 ?\gh !re is v little d\bt ent]ta9$ on ! subject4 ,b ,s*rot] affirms t he 8has di/+ui%$ spots & m\nta9s1 :i* he has assidu\sly foll[$1 till he has arriv$ at ! subsequ5t conclusions3 t ! app>5t diamet] ( ! planet is ab\t #f2 t x does n pres5t any s5sible ellipticity2 t ! m\nta9s x conta9s are proportionably l>g] ?an ^? ( ,v5us & ! ,e>?2 t ! highe/ are1 z 9 ^! two bodies1 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e2 t ! angle :i* ! equator makes ) its orbit is v consid]able2 t ! diff]5ce ( days & seasons ought to be mu* great] 9 ,m]cury ?an x is on ! e>?2 t its atmosph]e1 l t ( ,v5us1 is v d5se2 & la/ly1 t its rotation ab\t its axis is #bd h\rs1 #e m9utes1 #cj seconds40 ,:5 exam9$ by means ( a telescope magnify+ ab\t #bjj or #cjj times1 he appe>s equally lum9\s ?r\gh\t 8 :ole surface1 )\t ! lea/ d>k spot4 ,he exhibits ! same diff]5ce ( phases ) ! moon1 be+ alt]nately horn$1 gibb\s1 & %9+ almo/ ) a r\nd face1 ?\gh n entirely full because 8 enlight5$ side is nev] turn$ directly t[>d u2 b at all times p]fectly well def9$ )\t any ragg$ edge1 & completely bright2 &1 l ! moon1 ! cresc5t is always turn$ t[>d ! sun4 ,m]cury has no inf]ior planet kn[n to u1 & if t be actually ! case1 a spectator on 8 body w want ! argum5t tak5 f ! horn$ phases ( ! planets1 to e/abli% ! true sy/em ( ! _w4 ,b ?\gh we d n see any planets inf]ior to ,m]cury1 x does by no means foll[ t !re are none3 = we seldom see ,m]cury himself1 he be+ buri$ 9 ! rays ( ! sun2 & a planet mu* ne>] ! sun c\ld nev] be se5 f ! e>?4 ,! fir/ obs]vation t 0 ev] made ( a transit1 0 by ,gass5di1 :o saw ,m]cury on ! sun1 ,a4,m4 ,novemb] #g1 #afca4 ,s9ce 8 "t !re h occurr$ sev5te5 o!r transits ( ?is planet1 ! la/ ( :i* 0 at 8 asc5d+ node on ! #i? ( ,novemb]1 #ahjb4 ,! asc5d+ & desc5d+ nodes are 9 ! #af ( ,taurus1 & #af ( ,scorpio4 ,o!r transits are expect$ 9 ! ye>s #ahbb1 #ahcb1 #ahce1 #ahde1 & #ahdh4 ,v5us1 ! second planet f ! sun 9 ! ord] ( ! sy/em1 is ! mo/ beautiful /> 9 ! heav5s1 be+ easily di/+ui%$ by h] brightness & :it5ess1 :i* exce$s t ( all ! o!r planets1 & is s consid]able1 t 9 a dusky night %e projects a s5sible %ad[4 ,conc]n+ h] "n1 ,co/>d rem>ks1 8,f ! ,*aldee ,han1 or ,h51 :i* signifies gratia1 decor1 elegantia1 ) ! olic digamma 1 comes ,f51 or ,v51 & ) ! additional t]m9ation u1 ,v5us2 ! "n by :i* ?is planet 0 kn[n among ! ,romans1 & by :i*1 f !m1 x has be5 transmitt$ to u40 ,! mean di/ance ( ,v5us f ! sun is ab\t #fi1jjj1jjj miles2 h] diamet] is #g1fcj miles2 %e p]=ms h] revolution r\nd ! sun 9 #bbd days1 #af h\rs1 #da m9utes1 #bg seconds2 h] diurnal motion on h] axis1 accord+ to "s obs]vations accurately made by ,s*rot]1 is p]=m$ 9 #bc h\rs1 #ba m9utes2 & %e moves at ! rate ( #ha1cih miles an h\r4 ,?is planet con/antly att5ds ! sun1 & nev] dep>ts f him m ?an =ty-sev5 degrees1 & consequ5tly is nev] se5 at midnight1 nor 9 opposition to t lum9>y2 be+ visible only = ?ree or f\r h\rs 9 a morn+ or ev5+1 accord+ z %e is be=e or aft] ! sun4 ,v5us is a morn+ /> :5 %e appe>s we/w>d ( ! sun1 = %e !n rises be=e him1 & is among poets call$ ,phosphorus or ,lucif]-- 8----,fair morn+ />1 ,t leads on dawn+ day to yond] _w1 ,! seat ( man40 b :5 ea/w>d ( ! sun1 %e is an ev5+ />1 %9+ aft] he is set1 & !n ! poets give h] ! "n ,hesp]us or ,vesp]4 8---- ,h] lovely beams adorn ,z well ! dewy eve1 z op5+ morn40 ,%e is 9 ea* situation1 alt]nately1 betwe5 n9e & t5 mon?s1 or ab\t #bij days4 ,py?agoras is said to h fir/ discov]$ t ,hesp]us & ,phosphorus 7 "o & ! same />4 8,f ! "n ,phosphorus10 says ,co/>d1 8x seems z if ?is is ! same /> t 9 ,isaiah is call$ ,helal-b5-%ah>1 or ,helal1 son ( ! morn+2 a "n giv5 x on acc\nt ( its rem>kable brightness4 ,if s1 t is ! olde/ record ( a planet t occurs 9 any au?or :atev] n[ extant3 ?is 0 ab\t ! ye> be=e ,*ri/ #gaj40 ,v5us is frequ5tly se5 9 ! day-"t1 :5 9 ! inf]ior "p ( h] orbit1 at ab\t =ty degrees di/ant f ! sun4 8,no />s besides _! radiance c display ,9 ,phbus' pres5ce ! dread ,"l ( day2 ,ev'n ,cyn?ia's self1 ?\gh reg5t ( ! night1 ,is q obscur'd by 8 em]g5t light2 ,b ,,v5us only1 z if m div9e1 ,) ,phbus d>es 9 p>tn]%ip to %9e40 ,to quiet ! m9ds ( "s sup]/iti\s p1 greatly al>m$ at ! appe>ance ( ,v5us 9 ! day-"t1 ,dr4 ,halley wrote a small piece1 publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions 7,no4 #cdi7 to %[ t ?is 0 no?+ extraord9>y1 & might be expect$ e eight ye>s4 ,v5us1 :5 view$ ?r\gh a good telescope1 is r>ely se5 to %9e ) a full face1 b has phases j l ^? ( ! moon1 be+ n[ gibb\s1 n[ horn$1 c1 & h] illum9at$ "p con/antly turn$ t[>ds ! sun1 look+ t[>d ! ea/ :5 a morn+ />1 & t[>d ! we/ :5 an ev5+ />4 ,m4 de la ,hire1 9 #agjj1 ?r\gh a telescope ( sixte5 feet1 discov]$ m\nta9s 9 ,v5us1 :i* he f\nd to be l>g] ?an ^? 9 ! moon4 ,^! obs]vations h rec5tly be5 confirm$ by ,m4 ,s*rot]1 :o1 9 ! ye> #aghj1 comm5c$ a c\rse ( obs]vations on ?is planet1 ! results ( :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #agib4 ,v5us1 z well z ,m]cury1 is sometimes se5 to transit ! sun's disk1 9 =m ( a d>k r\nd spot2 b ^! transits seldom happ54 ,! fir/ t 0 ev] obs]v$1 0 se5 by our c\ntryman ,j]emiah ,horrox1 at ,hool1 an obscure village fifte5 miles nor? ( ,liv]pool3 8 acc\nt ( :i* 0 publi%$ by ,hevelius at ,dantzic 9 #affa1 "u ! title1 8,v5us 9 sole visa1 anno #afca1 ,novemb] #bd40 ,mr4 ,horrox's fri5d1 ,william ,crabtree1 accord+ to 8 direction1 saw ?is transit at ! same "t1 at ,man*e/]4 ,two h occurr$ 9 ! la/ c5tury1 namely1 "o ,june #f?1 #agfa1 se5 by _m a/ronom]s1 :i* excit$ p>ticul> att5tion by a diss]tation publi%$ by ,dr4 ,halley 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions 7,no4 #cdh7 9 :i* he propos$ f9d+1 f t transit1 ! sun's p>allax1 & !nce ! di/ance ( ! e>? f ! sun3 & ! o!r1 ,june #c;d1 #agfi1 at #aj;h4 #aj1 accord+ to ,m4 de la ,l&e1 & consequ5tly invisible at ,p>is & ,london2 b by comp>+ toge!r two obs]vations made1 "o at ,mexico1 & ! o!r to ! nor? ( ,pet]sburgh1 we p]ceive ! sun's p>allax1 0 det]m9$ ) great precision4 ,! transits ( ,v5us1 occurr+ betwe5 ! ye>s #afca & #baaj1 accord+ to ! calculations ( p]sons mo/ em95t 9 a/ronomical sci5ce1 are z foll[3 #afca ,decemb] #f #afci ,decemb] #d #agfa ,june #e #agfi ,june #c #ahgd ,decemb] #h #ahhb ,decemb] #f #bjjd ,june #g #baji ,decemb] #aj ,! ,e>? is ! next planet 9 ord]2 call$ by ! ,greeks 1 & by ! poets 1 f to g5]ate1 produce1 :i*1 says ,p>khur/1 is f ! ,hebrew1 to gr[ z a plant1 because x produces1 or is ! "m ( all t]re/rial ?+s2 or 9 ! poetic language ( ! ,orphic hymn to ! e>?1 8---- ,br+s =? h] v>i\s fruits1 ,) ?roes mat]nal40 ,! ^w us$ by ,moses is ha>ets1 translat$ e>?1 :5ce 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon1 e>d & eord2 ,dani% jord1 jord52 ,dut* erd & a]d2 & ,teutonic erd1 erde4 ,! di/ance ( ! e>? f ! sun is ab\t #ie1jjj1jjj miles3 h] orbit r\nd ! sun is #eig1jjj1jjj miles1 & %e p]=ms h] revolution r\nd ! sun1 f any equ9ox or sol/ice to ! same po9t aga91 9 #cfe days1 #e h\rs1 #di m9utes1 #eg seconds2 ( c\rse1 h] h\rly motion 9 h] orbit is #fh1jjj miles4 ,h] diamet] is #g1ifd miles1 h] circumf]5ce is #be1jjj miles1 & ! "t ( rotation ^u h] axis1 f we/ to ea/1 is #bc h\rs1 #ef m9utes1 #d seconds3 by :i* ! inhabitants ^u ! equator are c>ri$ aft] ! rate ( #a1jdb miles an h\r1 & ^? ^u ! p>allel ( ,london1 #ehj miles1 z we h already notic$4 ,! annual & diurnal motion ( ! e>? is ?us describ$ by ,milton3 8,%e f ! ,we/ h] sil5t c\rse advances ,) in(f5sive pace1 t sp9n+ sleeps ,on h] s(t axle1 :ile %e paces ev51 ,& be>s u s(t ) ! smoo? air along40 ,f ?is circum/ance arises ! app>5t diurnal revolution ( all ! heav5ly bodies f ea/ to we/4 8,! motion ( ! e>?10 says an intellig5t writ]1 8has s long ceas$ to be a disput$ "q1 t ! argum5ts on ea* side are ne>ly =gott52 & ^? :o d n scruple to adopt ! hypo!sis ( ! e>?'s motions1 are (t5 less acqua9t$ ) ! argum5ts on :i* x is support$1 ?an !y w\ld h be5 9 =m] times1 :5 _! op9ions mu/ h be5 ! subjects ( fi]ce cont5tion40 ,la ,place obs]ves1 8t if ! e>? be at re/1 & ! />s move1 ! velocity ( ^! latt] mu/ be imm5se2 & yet all ! purposes !re( might h be5 answ]$ by a mod]ate motion ( ! e>? alone4 ,! moon's di/ance f ! e>? is #bdj1jjj miles2 ( c\rse1 ! l5g? ( ! tract :i* x trav]ses1 if x moves r\nd ! e>? 9 #bd h\rs1 is ab\t #a1ejj1jjj2 t is1 at ! rate ( #fb1ejj miles an h\r1 in/ead ( #b1bij miles1 :i* is really ! case3 consequ5tly1 9 ea* second ( "t1 ! moon1 kn[n to be ! sl[e/ ( all ! heav5ly bodies1 mu/ move m ?an sev5te5 miles4 ,aga91 ! sun's mean di/ance f ! e>? is ab\t #ie1jjj1jjj miles2 consequ5tly1 ! diurnal pa? ( t lum9>y1 if x revolve ab\t our globe 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 mu/ be #ehj1jjj1jjj3 & !re=e1 9 a s+le second1 ! beat ( a clock1 he mu/ move ne>ly #g1jjj miles4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple2 t is1 suppos+ ! e>? to be ! c5tre ( ! sy/em1 & n ! sun1 ! planet ,m>s1 9 a second ( "t1 mu/ travel at ! rate ( m ?an #aj1jjj miles1 ,jupit] #cf1jjj1 & ,saturn #fb1jjj4 ,&1 la/ly1 ! fix$ />s be+ yet indef9itely m remote f ! e>? ?an ! sun or ,saturn1 _! motion 9 or ne> ! equator mu/ be va/ly swift] ?an ?is4 ,if ! e>? does n move r\nd ! sun1 ! sun mu/ move ) ! moon r\nd ! e>?2 n[2 ! di/ance ( ! sun to t ( ! moon is ne>ly #djj to #a1 & ! p]iod ( ! moon be+ ab\t tw5ty-eight days1 ! sun's p]iod %\ld be1 by ! law above m5tion$1 full #fjj ye>s1 :]eas1 x is1 9 fact1 b a s+le ye>4 ,?is consid]ation 01 ( itself1 ?\ght ( weight en\gh to det]m9e ! controv]sy betwe5 ! two op9ions1 & to e/abli% ! motion ( ! e>? 9 its orbit = ev]40 ,t ! %ape ( ! e>? 0 an ext5d$ plane1 & ! visible horizon its utmo/ b\nds1 0 ! op9ion ( ! anci5ts4 ,b t x is globul>1 a little rais$ at ! equator1 & flatt5$ at ! poles1 be+ ab\t ?irty-sev5 miles %ort] ?an at ! equator1 s z ne>ly to resemble an orange1 is demon/rable on ! mo/ evid5t & unque/ionable pr9ciples4 #a4 ,all ! appe>ances ( ! heav5s1 bo? at l& & at sea1 are ! same z !y w\ld be if ! e>? 7 a globe4 ,m>9]s fir/ beg9 to lose sight ( ! l[] p>ts ( objects1 & !n gradually ( ! high] p>ts2 also1 p]sons on %ore fir/ discov] ! ma/s be=e ! hull ( approa*+ vessels1 & on leav+ a port ! ma/s are se5 :5 ! hull is out ( sight1 :i* mu/ be ow+ to ! convexity ( ! wat] betwe5 ! eye & ! object1 o!rwise ! l>ge/ & mo/ conspicu\s p>ts w\ld h be5 visible ! longe/4 8,behold1 :5 ! glad %ip %oots f ! port ,^u full sail1 ! hulk fir/ disappe>s1 ,& !n ! l[]1 !n ! high] sails2 ,at l5g? ! summit ( ! t[]+ ma/ ,alone is se52 nor less1 :5 f ! %ip ,! long+ sailor's eye 9 hope ( %ore3 ,= !n1 f ! top-ma/1 ?\gh m remote ,?an ei!r deck1 ! %ore is fir/ beheld40#abh #b4 ,navigators sail+ r\nd ! globe1 z ,magellan1 ,drake1 ,"l ,anson1 ,cook1 & o!rs1 h /e]$ _! c\rse directly s\? & we/ till !y came to ! ,magellanic sea1 & f !nce to ! nor? & we/1 till !y return$ to _! port f ! ea/2 & all ! ph5om5a :i* %\ld naturally arise f ! e>?'s rotundity1 happ5$ to !m4 ,beside1 _! me?od ( sail+ 0 also f\nd$ ^u ?is hypo!sis1 :i* c\ld n h succe$$ s happily1 if ! e>? _h be5 ( any o!r figure4 #c4 ,9 all lun> eclipses1 ! %ad[ ( ! e>? fall+ ^u ! moon is always circul>2 & a body c be no o!r ?an a globe1 :i* 9 all situations ca/s a circul> %ad[4 ,x is true1 ! surface ( ! e>? is n an exact geometrical globe3 b :at ! e>? loses ( its sph]icity by its inequalities1 z writ]s on ?is subject h rem>k$1 is v inconsid]able3 ! highe/ m\nta9s be>+ s little proportion to its bulk1 z sc>cely to be equival5t to ! m9ute/ protub]ance on ! surface ( an orange1 or a gra9 ( du/ to a common globe4 8,^! inequalities to u seem great2 ,b to an eye t compreh5ds ! :ole1 ,! tumor1 :i* to u s mon/r\s seems1 ,is z a gra9 ( sp>kl+ s& t cl+s ,to ! smoo? surface ( a sph]e ( glass2 ,or z a fly ^u ! convex dome ,( a sublime1 /up5d\s edifice40 ,x is n s easy z "s imag9e1 says a ,g]man philosoph] & div9e1 to det]m9e exactly ! size ( ! e>?4 ,x is true1 !re is b "o longitude2 b !re are two latitudes1 ! nor? & ! s\?4 ,bo? ( ^! beg9 at ! equator2 ! "o ext5ds nor?w>d1 ! o!r s\?w>d1 z f> z ! arctic & ant>ctic poles4 ,b1 no "o has yet be5 able to rea* ei!r pole4 ,! m\nta9s ( ice 9 ,gre5l& & ! ,nor!rn ,sea1 h always ob/ruct$ ! passage to ! nor? pole3 & imm5se fields1 m\nta9s1 & isl&s ( ice1 h r5d]$ ! passage to ! s\? pole impossible4 ,?anks1 h[ev]1 to ! geometricians1 we c at pres5t "k v ne>ly ! size ( our globe4 ,accord+ to ! mo/ exact calculations1 ! surface ( ! e>? is #aii1eab1eie squ>e miles4 ,! seas & unkn[n p>ts ( ! e>?1 by a measurem5t ( ! be/ maps1 conta9 #afj1ebb1jbf squ>e miles4 ,! inhabit$ p>ts conta9 ab\t #ch1iij1eei squ>e miles1 9 ! foll[+ proportion3 ,europe--#d1def1jfe2 ,asia--#aj1gfh1hbc2 ,africa--#i1fed1hjg2 ,am]ica--#ad1aaj1hgd3 ,h5ce x appe>s t sc>cely "o-?ird ( ! globe is habitable4 ,x has be5 calculat$1 t !re might be at lea/ ?ree ?\s& millions ( m5 ^u ! e>? at once3 b 9 reality !re are no m ?an ab\t a ?\s& & eighty millions3 ( :i* !re are1 9 ,asia--#fej millions2 9 ,africa--#aej2 9 ,am]ica--#aej2 9 ,europe--#acj4 ,! pa? trav]s$ by ! e>?1 :i*1 9 a/ronomical language1 is call$ its orbit1 is ! app>5t pa? ( ! sun3 x is call$ ! ecliptic1 because eclipses1 bo? sol> & lun>1 always happ5 9 ?is circle--also via solis1 or ! sun's pa?1 because ! sun nev] dep>ts f x2 &1 !re=e1 at any "t to d5ote ! sun's place 9 ! heav5s1 a/ronom]s h divid$ ! :ole circle ( ! e>?'s motion 9 #cfj equal p>ts1 :i* !y t]m degrees1 & e ?irty ( ^! a sign1 ( :i* !re are twelve4 ,9 ?is circle ! sun advances ne>ly "o degree e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ?irty degrees e mon?2 ?us pass+ ?r\gh ! :ole #cfj degrees 9 a ye>4 ,! signs are call$ by diff]5t names1 &1 ) reg>d to _! situations & correspond+ seasons & mon?s1 !y /& 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,nor!rn ,signs2 s d5om9at$ z be+ nor? ( ! ,equator4 ,aries 1 ! ,ram1 "p ( ,m>* & ,april4 ,spr+4 ,taurus 1 ! ,bull1 ,april & ,may4 ,gem9i 1 ! ,tw9s1 ,may & ,june4 ,canc] 1 ! ,crab1 ,june & ,july4 ,summ]4 ,leo 1 ! ,lion1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,virgo 1 ! ,virg91 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,s\!rn ,signs2 s call$ z be+ s\? ( ! ,equator4 ,libra 1 ! ,balance1 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,autumn4 ,scorpio 1 ! ,scorpion1 ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,sagitt>ius 1 ! ,ar*]1 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,capricornus 1 ! ,goat1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,w9t]4 ,aqu>ius 1 ! ,wat]-be>]1 ,janu>y & ,febru>y4 ,pisces 1 ! ,fi%es1 ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,! ord] ( ! signs is ?us poetically describ$ by ,dr4 ,watts4 8,! ,ram1 ! ,bull1 ! heav5ly ,tw9s1 ,& next ! ,crab ! ,lion %9es1 ,! ,virg9 & ! ,scales3 ,! ,scorpion1 ,ar*]1 & ,sea-goat1 ,! ,man t holds ! ,wat]-pot1 ,& ,fi% ) glitt]+ tails40 ,dr4 ,long obs]ves1 t repres5ts ! horns ( ! ram2 ! head & horns ( ! bull2 ! figure ( gem9i1 ! tw9s jo9+ h&s & feet2 ! "* canc] repres5ts ! *anges ( ! sun's decl9ation f nor? to s\?1 by two l9es or figures drawn s z to po9t two contr>y ways2 is ! tail ( ! lion2 0 orig9ally ! ?ree e>s ( corn :i* ,virgo held2 is ! beam ( ! balance2 0 at fir/ ! picture ( ! scorpion2 ! arr[ ( ! ,ar*]2 repres5ts capricorn1 ! goat-fi%2 is a natural repres5tation ( ! wat]'s undulat+ surface2 is ! picture ( two fi%es ti$ toge!r back to back4 ,! figures ( ! twelve signs are suppos$ by ,dr4 ,j5n+s1 & o!r a/ronom]s1 to be ,egyptian hi]oglyphics1 by :i* !y design$ to exhibit "s rem>kable natural occurr5ce 9 ea* mon?1 z ! sun pass$ ?r\gh ^! signs4 ,?us ! fir/ ?ree mon?s1 beg9n+ f ! v]nal equ9ox1 7 rem>kable = ! production ( ^? animals :i* !y mo/ valu$1 namely1 %eep1 k9e1 & goats4 ,! lambs came fir/1 :i* are repres5t$ by _! p>5t1 ! ,ram2 next ! calves1 repres5t$ by ! ,bull2 & ! kids1 :i* commonly come 9 pairs1 & :i*1 !re=e1 gave ! "n to ,gem9i1 ! ?ird con/ellation2 :i* 0 n at fir/ repres5t$ by ,two ,boys1 b by ,two ,bea/s2 z ref]r+ to ! fruitfulness ( goats1 9 produc+ tw9 kids ab\t ! "t :5 ! sun 0 9 t con/ellation4 ,:51 9 ! f\r? mon?1 ! sun is arriv$ at ! summ] sol/ice1 he discont9ues 8 progress t[>ds ! nor? pole1 & beg9s to g back aga9 to ! s\?w>d2 ?is retrograde motion ! ,egyptians express$ by ! ,crab1 :i* is said to g backw>ds4 ,! excessive heat t usually foll[s 9 ! next mon?1 is signifi$ by ! ,lion2 an animal rem>kable = 8 /r5g? & fi]c5ess2 or1 z o!rs obs]ve1 :5 t animal1 driv5 by ?ir/ f ! des]t1 made 8 appe>ance on ! banks ( ! ,nile4 ,no?+ c\ld be m prop] ?an ! symbol = ! h>ve/3 namely1 ! ,virg9 reap] or glean] ) an e> ( corn 9 h] h&4 ,! sev5? con/ellation1 :5 ! sun arrives at ! autumnal equ9ox1 is express$ by ! ,balance or ,scales1 9 equilibrio1 because ! days & nights1 be+ !n ( ! same l5g?1 seem$ to indicate an equilibrium l t in/rum5t4 ,octob] is (t5 a sickly season1 :5 ! surfeits acquir$ 9 ! hot mon?s ( ! summ] produce _! fatal effects2 ! symbol is !re=e ! ,scorpion1 :o w\nds ) a /+ 9 8 tail1 z he rec$es2 or1 accord+ to o!rs1 :5 c]ta9 regul> w9ds br\ght =? a burn+ vapor l ! poison ( ! scorpion4 ,! div]sion ( hunt+1 :i* is *iefly foll[$ aft] ! fall ( ! leaf1 is designat$ by ,sagitt>ius1 or ! ar*]4 ,! ,goat1 :i* is an animal t delights to br[se up hill & to climb ! highe/ rocks1 is ! emblem ( ! w9t] sol/ice1 :5 ! sun beg9s to asc5d f ! s\!rn tropic1 & is cont9ually m\nt+ high] & high] = ! ensu+ half ye>4 ,aqu>ius1 or ! ,wat]-be>]1 fitly repres5ts ! ra9s1 or sn[s1 ( ! w9t]4 ,& ! ,two ,fi%es 9 a b&1 _h1 x is imag9$1 ref]5ce to ! prime fi%+ season1 :i* began 9 ,febru>y4 ,! names giv5 to our mon?s orig9at$ z foll[s3 ,! "n giv5 to ! mon? ( ,janu>y by ! ,romans 0 tak5 f ,janus1 "o ( _! div9ities1 to :om !y gave two faces2 because on ! "o side1 ! fir/ day ( ?is mon? look$ t[>ds ! new ye>1 & on ! o!r t[>ds ! old "o4 ,x 0 call$ wolf-monat by our ,saxon ance/ors1 on acc\nt ( ! dang] !y !n exp]i5c$ f wolves4 ,"s etymologi/s d]ive ,febru>y f ,februa1 an epi!t giv5 to ,juno1 z ! goddess ( purification2 :ile o!rs attribute ! orig9 ( ! "n to ,februa1 a fea/ held by ! ,romans 9 ?is mon?1 9 behalf ( ! manes ( ! deceas$4 ,! ,saxons nam$ ,febru>y spr\t kele1 on acc\nt ( ! spr\ts ( ! cole-wort :i* began to appe> 9 ?is mon?4 ,among ! ,romans1 ,m>*1 f ,m>s1 0 ! fir/ mon?1 & m>riages made 9 ?is mon? 7 acc\nt$ unhappy4 ,! ,saxons call$ ,m>* l5t-monat1 or l5g?-mone?1 8because ! days did fir/ beg91 9 l5g?1 to exce$ ! nights40--,april is d]iv$ f ,aprilis1 ( ap]io1 ,i op52 because ! e>?1 9 ?is mon?1 beg9s to op5 h] bosom = ! production ( vegetables4 ,! ,saxons call$ ?is mon? o/]-monat1 f ! goddess ,eo/]1 or because ! w9ds 7 f\nd to bl[ g5]ally f ! ea/ 9 ?is mon?4--,may is s call$ f ,maia1 ! "m ( ,m]cury1 to :om sacrifices 7 (f]$ by ! ,romans on ! fir/ ( ?is mon?2 or1 accord+ to "s1 f respect to ! s5ators & nobles ( ,rome1 :o 7 nam$ ,majores1 z ! foll[+ mon? 0 t]m$ ,junius1 9 honor ( ! y\? ( ,rome4 ,! ,saxons call$ ,may1 tri-milki1 because1 9 t mon?1 !y began to milk _! k9e ?ree times 9 ! day4--,! ,saxons call$ ,june weyd-monat1 because _! bea/s did !n weyd or fe$ 9 ! mead[s4--,! ^w ,july is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 ,julius1 ! surname ( ,c4 ,cs>1 ! dictator1 :o 0 born 9 x4 ,m>k ,antony fir/ gave to ?is mon? ! "n ( ,july1 :i* 0 be=e call$ ,qu9tilis1 z be+ ! fif? mon? 9 ! ye>1 9 ! old ,roman cal5d] e/abli%$ by ,romulus4 ,july 0 call$ by ! ,saxons1 hew-monat1 or hey-monat1 because !re9 !y usually m[$1 & made _! hay-h>ve/4--,sextilis 0 ! anci5t ,roman "n = ,septemb]1 x be+ ! six? mon? f ,m>*4 ,! ,emp]or ,augu/us *ang$ ?is "n1 & gave x 8 own1 because 9 ?is mon? ,cs> ,augu/us took possession ( 8 fir/ consul%ip1 celebrat$ ?ree triumphs1 r$uc$ ,egypt "u ! p[] ( ! ,roman p1 & put an end to all civil w>s4 8,! ,saxons call$ ,augu/ arn-monat 7m rightly b>n-monat17 int5d+ !reby ! !n fill+ ( _! b>nes ) corne40 ,septemb] is compos$ ( septem1 sev51 & ! t]m9ation b]1 l lis 9 ,aprilis1 ,qu9tilis1 ,sextilis4 ,?is rule w also apply to ! ?ree foll[+ mon?s1 ,octo-b]4 ,novem-b]1 ,decem-b]4 ,our ,saxon ance/ors call$ x ,g]/-monat1 8= t b>ley :i* t mone? commonly yield$ 0 anci5tly call$ g]/40--,octob] 0 call$ ,domitianus 9 ! "t ( ,domitian3 b1 aft] 8 dea?1 by ! decree ( ! s5ate1 x took ! "n ( ,octob]1 e "o hat+ ! "n & memory ( s dete/able a tyrant4 ,x 0 call$ wyn-monat1 or w9e mon?1 by ! ,saxons--,! ,saxons call$ ,novemb] w9t-monat1 or w9d-mon?1 on acc\nt ( ! preval5ce ( high w9ds 9 ?is mon?4--,decemb] 0 call$ w9t]-monat by ! ,saxons2 b1 aft] !y 7 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 x receiv$ ! "n ( heligh-monat1 or holy mon?4#abi ,! names ( our days are ( ,hea!n orig94 ,! sev5 planets 7 anci5tly look$ on z presid+ ov] ! affairs ( ! _w1 & to take x by turns ea* "o h\r at a "t1 accord+ to ! foll[+ ord]3 ,saturn fir/1 !n ,jupit]1 ,m>s1 ! ,sun1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury1 & la/ ( all1 ! ,moon4 ,h5ce !y d5om9at$ ea* day ( ! week f ! planet ^: turn x 0 to preside ! fir/ h\r ( ! ny*!m]on1 a t]m comp\nd$ ( 1 night1 & 1 day1 :i* implies bo? night & day1 & is divid$ into tw5ty-f\r p>ts1 call$ h\rs4 ,?us1 assign+ ! fir/ h\r ( ,saturday to ,saturn1 ! second w fall to ,jupit]1 ! ?ird to ,m>s1 & s ! tw5ty-second ( ! same ny*!m]on w fall to ,saturn aga91 & !re=e ! tw5ty-?ird to ,jupit]1 & ! la/ to ,m>s3 s t on ! fir/ h\r ( ! next day1 x w fall to ! ,sun to preside2 & by ! l mann] ( reckon+1 ! fir/ h\r ( ! next w fall to ! ,moon1 ( ! next to ,m>s1 ( ! next to ,m]cury1 ( ! next to ,jupit]1 & ! next to ,v5us3 h5ce ! days ( ! week came to be di/+ui%$ by ! ,lat9 names ( ,dies ,saturni1 ,solis1 ,lun1 ,m>tis1 ,m]curii1 ,jovis1 & ,v5]is4 ,! anci5t ,saxons _h a great _m idols1 sev5 ( :i* 7 appropriat$ to ! sev5 days ( ! week1 because ( "s wor%ip t 0 (f]$ to ea* idol on its respective day4 ,! nor!rn nations sub/itut$1 = ! ,roman ,div9ities1 su* ( _! own z mo/ ne>ly resembl$ !m 9 _! peculi> attributes1 & h5ce ! d]ivation ( ! names n[ 9 use4 ,^! 7 ,seat]1 ! ,sun1 ! ,moon1 ,tuisco1 ,wod51 ,?or1 ,friga3 h5ce among u ! names ( ,saturday1 ,sunday1 ,monday1 ,tuesday1 ,w$nesday1 ,?ursday1 & ,friday4 ,=1 z ,saturday1 ,sunday1 & ,monday1 pla9ly d5ote ! day ( ,saturn1 ! ,sun1 & ! ,moon2 s ,tuesday1 ,w$nesday1 ,?ursday1 & ,friday1 d5ote ! day ( ,tuisco1 ,wod51 ,?or1 & ,friga1 :i* are ! ,saxon names respectively answ]+ to ,m>s1 ,m]cury1 ,jupit]1 & ,v5us4 ,v]/egan1 9 8 8,re/itution ( ,decay$ ,intellig5ce10 describes ! ,saxon deities :o presid$ ov] ea* day ( ! week1 & gives plates ( ! idols1 pp4 #gd-he4 ,h[ amaz+ x is t ?is pond]\s globe %\ld be susp5d$ 9 ! fluid air1 )\t any visible support1 & upheld only by ! sov]eign w ( its almighty ,creator6 ,8 p[]1 :o 8hange? ! e>? ^u no?+10 is inconceivably great2 & ! revolutions ( ?is globe produce ! mo/ b5eficial effects4 ,! daily rotation ( ! e>? causes ! uni=m succession ( light & d>kness2 & its annual motion occasions ! diff]5ce ( ! l5g? ( ! days & nights1 & ! beautiful div]sity ( ! seasons4 ,_m pi\s ,*ri/ians1 :o read ! ,scriptures to great p]sonal advantage1 b :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy1 are apt to d\bt ! tru? ( ! a/ronomical pr9ciples conc]n+ ! %ape & motion ( ! e>?1 because1 z ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory judici\sly obs]ves1 !y ?9k !m contr>y to div9e revelation4 ,su* p]sons w\ld d well to consid] = :at purpose ! ,holy ,scriptures 7 writt51 :e!r z a measure ( fai?1 or z a rule to regulate our philosophical notions8 ,gass5dus1 ?\gh he does n give a direct answ] to ! "q1 has made ! foll[+ v p]t95t obs]vations on ! subject4 8,!re are10 says he1 8two sacr$ volumes1 ! "o writt51 call$ ! ,bible2 ! o!r ,nature1 or ! ,_w2 ,god hav+ manife/$ himself by two lights1 ! "o ( revelation1 & ! o!r ( demon/ration2 accord+ly ! int]pret]s ( ! =m] are div9es2 ( ! latt] ma!maticians4 ,z to matt]s ( natural k1 ! ma!maticians are to be consult$2 & z to objects ( fai?1 ! prophets2 ! =m] be+ no less int]pret]s1 or apo/les1 f ,god to m5 ?an ! latt]4 ,& z ! ma!matician w\ld be judg$ to w&] out ( 8 prov9ce1 if he %\ld pret5d to controv]t1 or set aside any article ( fai? f pr9ciples ( geometry2 s x mu/ be grant$1 ! div9es are no less out ( _! limits1 :5 !y v5ture to pron\nce on a po9t ( natural k1 beyond ! rea* ( any n v]s$ 9 geometry & optics1 m]ely f ,holy ,scripture1 :i* does n pret5d to tea* any ?+ ( ! matt]40 ,m>s is ! fir/ ( ! f\r sup]ior planets 9 ord] f ! sun1 8 orbit be+ imm$iately beyond t ( ! e>?4 ,he 0 call$ by ! ,greeks 1 ! suppos$ god ( w>1 :i*1 says ,p>khur/1 comes f ! ,hebrew viol5t1 de/ructive4 ,co/>d rem>ks1 8,?is planet1 ,i suppose1 0 call$ ,ara1 ,aretz1 1 &1 9 ano!r dialect1 ,ma-aretz1 or ,m>s1 9 a s(t] pronunciation1 f 8 /rong gl[+ brightness40 ,he is di/+ui%$ f ! o!r planets by ! r$ & fi]y appe>ance1 ( 8 disk3 :e!r 8 ruddy tr\bl$ color arises f a natural disposition to reflect ! r$ rays ( light be/1 or f a ?ick atmosph]e att5d+ x1 is r unc]ta92 b x is g5]ally attribut$ to ! d5sity ( 8 atmosph]e4 8,9 l>g] circuit rolls ! orb ( ,m>s1 ,guiltless ( /]n debate1 & wa/eful w>s1 ,z "s h err+ taught3 he j\rnies on1 ,impell'd & n\ri%'d by ! attractive sun2 ,l u1 8 seasons & 8 days he owes ,to ! va/ b\nty :i* f ,phbus fl[s40 ,8 figure1 l t ( ! e>?1 is an oblate sph]oid4 ,8 mean di/ance f ! sun is #ade1jjj1jjj miles1 & he travels r\nd t common c5tre ( gravity 9 ab\t #fhg ( our days1 or #a ye>1 #cba days1 #bb h\rs1 #ah m9utes1 #bg seconds1 :i* is ne>ly equal to two ( our ye>s2 & !re=e 8 velocity 9 8 orbit is at ! rate ( #ee1jjj miles an h\r4 ,he has likewise a rotation ^u 8 axis1 :i* is p]=m$ 9 #a day1 #ci m9utes1 #bb seconds4 ,?is 0 discov]$ by means ( spots se5 on 8 surface4 ,dr4 ,hook1 9 #affe1 obs]v$ sev]al spots1 :i*1 hav+ a motion1 he conclud$ t ! planet revolv$ ^u its axis4 ,9 #afff1 ,m4 ,cass9i saw sev]al spots 9 ! two hemisph]es ( ,m>s1 :i*1 by cont9u+ 8 obs]vations v dilig5tly1 he f\nd to move f ea/ to we/1 & to return 9 ! space ( #bd h\rs1 #dj m9utes1 to _! =m] situation4 ,:5ce bo? ! motion & p]iod1 or natural day ( ?is planet1 7 det]m9$4 ,9 #agha1 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell obs]v$ ! spots ( ,m>s v m9utely1 f ! motion ( :i* he has f\nd 8 rotation ^u 8 axis to be p]=m$ 9 #bd h\rs1 #ci m9utes1 #ba-b_/c seconds2 & he says t !re _c be m ?an two seconds ( unc]ta9ty 9 ?is result4 ,! diff]5t seasons w take place on ?is planet v mu* l :at !y are kn[n to d ^u our e>?1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! seasons !re w be almo/ z long aga9 z ) u1 on acc\nt ( ! "t he takes 9 mov+ r\nd ! sun be+ ne>ly twice z long z our ye>4 ,! diamet] ( ,m>s be+ #d1ace miles1 he is ab\t #b_/aa1 or less ?an a fif?1 & m ?an a six? "p z l>ge z ! e>?2 & if any moon att5d him1 %e mu/ be v small1 = x has n yet be5 discov]$ by ! be/ telescopes ( our mo/ em95t a/ronom]s2 if )\t a moon1 walk+ 8 r\nd 9 p]petual solitude1 he mu/ consequ5tly want t division ( "t1 :i*1 f ! moon's revolution r\nd ! e>?1 is call$ a mon?4 ,f ! great] di/ance ( ,m>s 9 8 orbit ?an our e>? is1 ! inhabitants !re w sc>cely see ,m]cury1 unless x be :5 he appe>s on ! sun's face1 & passes ov] him l a d>k spot1 9 ! same mann] z he sometimes does to u4 ,v5us w to !m appe> some:at simil> to ! appe>ances ( ,m]cury to our e>?1 ! app>5t di/ance f ! sun be+ ne>ly ! same to !m z ,m]cury is to u4 ,our e>? to !m1 also1 w be an inf]ior planet1 or )9 8 orbit1 be+ ne>] to ! sun1 9 a way simil> to :at ,v5us appe>s to u1 & w alt]nately be a morn+ or ev5+ />2 & our moon1 :i* w always be se5 to accompany h]1 :5 9 a position to h ! b5efit ( ! sun's light1 w n be se5 at a great] di/ance1 ?an ab\t a semi-diamet] ( ! sun or moon f x4 ,?is planet be+ half z f> aga9 f ! sun z our e>? is1 8 light & heat are n half s mu* z our own4 ,:5 9 opposition to ! sun1 he is f\nd to be five times ne>] to u ?an :5 9 conjunction2 &1 !re=e1 he appe>s s mu* bigg] & bright] at "o "t ?an ano!r4 ,9 #agai1 8 app>5t magnitude & brightness 7 s mu* increas$1 t1 by ! un9=m$1 he 0 tak5 = a new />4 ,! telescopic appe>ance ( ,m>s is v v>iable4 ,?is planet exhibits l>g] & m rem>kable spots ?an any ( ! o!rs4 ,! belts & cl\dy appe>ances are f\nd to *ange _! %ape & arrangem5t frequ5tly4 ,! pr$om9ant brightness ( ! pol> regions leads to ! supposition t ^? p>ts ( 8 surface1 l ! poles ( ! e>?1 are int5sely froz51 or always cov]$ ) sn[2 & ,dr4 ,h]s*ell imag9es t ! *anges 9 brightness are connect$ ) ! summ] & w9t] seasons on t planet4 ,! phases ( ,m>s 7 fir/ discov]$ by ,galileo4 ,hav+ 8 light f ! sun1 & revolv+ r\nd x1 he has an increase & decrease l ! moon4 ,at 8 quadratures1 he appe>s gibb\s1 b nev] horn$1 l ,v5us1 ,m]cury1 & ! ,moon2 :i* %[s1 t 8 orbit includes t ( ! e>?1 & t x is f ! sun t he receives 8 light4 ,betwe5 ! orbit ( ,m>s & t ( ,jupit]1 ! small] planet>y bodies1 lately discov]$1 revolve4 ,c]es 0 discov]$ on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahja1 by ,m4 ,piazzi1 a/ronom] at ,pal]mo1 9 ! isl& ( ,sicily4 ,:5 view$ ?r\gh a good telescope1 x is ( a ruddy color1 appe>s to be ( ! size ( a /> ( ! eigh? magnitude1 & surr\nd$ ) a d5se atmosph]e4 ,h] mean di/ance f ! sun is #bfj1jjj1jjj miles2 & h] revolution is p]=m$ 9 #d ye>s1 #g mon?s1 #aj days4 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell & ,s*rot] diff] v mu* z to ! magnitude ( ?is planet2 ! =m] says ! diamet] is only #afj miles1 b ! latt] makes x m ?an t5 times great]1 or #a1fbd miles4 ,pallas 0 discov]$ on ! #bh? ( ,m>*1 #ahjb1 by ,dr4 ,olb]s1 ( ,brem54 ,its mean di/ance f ! sun #bgj1jjj1jjj miles2 its diamet] #hj miles2 & x p]=ms its revolution 9 ab\t #d ye>s1 #bhj days4 ,juno 0 discov]$ on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 #ahjd1 by ,m4 ,h>d+1 ( ,lili5?al4 ,its mean di/ance f ! sun is #bij1jjj1jjj miles2 & its diamet] is #aai miles1 & ! "t ( revolution r\nd ! sun #e ye>s1 #aha days4 ,ve/a 0 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,olb]s1 on ! #bi? ( ,m>*1 #ahjg4 ,x is ne>] to ,m>s ?an ei!r ( ! o!r newly discov]$ planets2 & ! revolution ?r\gh its orbit is p]=m$ 9 less "t4 ,! size ( ?is planet is n kn[n4 ,its light is m int5se1 pure1 & :ite1 ?an any ( ! o!r ?ree4 ,a c5tury & half ago x 0 conjectur$1 says a v intellig5t au?or1 t !re mu/ be a planet betwe5 ! orbits ( ,jupit] & ,m>s1 on acc\nt ( ! di/ance subsi/+ betwe5 ^? two planets4 ,! discov]y ( ,c]es confirm$ ?is happy conjecture2 b ! op9ion :i* x seem$ to e/abli% respect+ ! h>mony ( ! sol> sy/em1 appe>$ to be completely ov]turn$ by ! discov]y ( ,pallas & ,juno4 ,dr4 ,olb]s1 will+ to f9d a !ory t %\ld acc\nt = ! facts newly asc]ta9$1 imag9$ t ^! small cele/ial bodies 7 m]ely ! fragm5ts ( a l>g] planet1 :i* _h bur/ asund] by "s int]nal convulsion1 & t sev]al m might yet be discov]$ betwe5 ! orbits ( ,m>s & ,jupit]4 ,he !re=e conclud$1 t ?\gh ! orbits ( all ^! fragm5ts might be diff]5tly incl9$ to ! ecliptic1 yet1 z !y mu/ h all div]g$ f ! same po9t1 !y ought to h two common po9ts ( re-union1 or two nodes 9 opposite regions ( ! heav5s1 ?r\gh :i* all ! planet>y fragm5ts mu/ soon] or lat] pass4 ,"o ( ^! nodes ,dr4 ,olb]s f\nd to be 9 ,virgo1 & ! o!r 9 ! ,:ale2 & x 0 actually 9 ! latt] ( ^! regions t ,m4 ,h>d+ discov]$ ! planet ,juno4 ,) ! int5tion1 !re=e1 ( detect+ o!r fragm5ts ( ! suppos$ planet1 ,dr4 ,olb]s exam9$1 ?rice e ye>1 all ! little />s 9 ! opposite con/ellation ( ! ,virg9 & ! ,:ale1 till 8 labors 7 cr[n$ ) success1 by ! discov]y ( a new planet 9 ! con/ellation ( ,virgo1 to :i* he gave ! "n ( ,ve/a4 ,! exi/5ce ( f\r planets betwe5 ! orbits ( ,m>s & ,jupit]1 7cont9ues ! same au?or17 revolv+ r\nd ! sun at ne>ly ! same di/ances1 & diff]+ f all ! o!r planets 9 _! dim9utive size1 & 9 ! =m & position ( _! orbits1 is ackn[l$g$ to be "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> ph5om5a 9 ! hi/ory ( a/ronomy4 ,! discordance ( ^! ph5om5a ) ! regul>ity ( ! planet>y di/ances1 & ) ! g5]al h>mony ( ! sy/em1 naturally sugge/s ! op9ion1 t ! inequalities 9 ?is "p ( ! sy/em 7 produc$ by "s great convulsion1 & t ! f\r planets1 z we h already h9t$1 are ! fragm5ts ( a l>ge cele/ial body1 :i* once exi/$ betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]4 ,to suppose !m indep5d5t planets1 z !y mu/ necess>ily be if !y did n orig9ally =m "o1 _! dim9utive size1 ! great ecc5tricity & incl9ation ( _! orbits1 & _! num]\s int]sections1 :5 project$ on ! plane ( ! ecliptic1 are ph5om5a absolutely inexplicable on e pr9ciple ( sci5ce1 & subv]sive ( t h>mony & ord] :i* be=e ! discov]y ( ^! bodies1 seem$ to p]vade ! planet>y sy/em4 ,admitt+1 h[ev]1 ! hypo!sis t ^! planet>y bodies1 are ! rema9s ( a l>g] body1 :i* circulat$ r\nd ! sun1 ne>ly 9 ! orbit ( ! greate/ fragm5t1 ! sy/em resumes its ord]1 & we discov] a regul> procession 9 ! di/ances ( ! planets1 & a g5]al h>mony 9 ! =m & position ( _! orbits4 ,b1 indep5d5tly ( analogical reason+1 ! elem5ts ( ! new planets furni% sev]al direct argum5ts1 drawn f ! ecc5tricity & incl9ation ( _! orbits1 & f ! position ( _! p]ihelia & nodes2 & all concurr+ to %[1 t ! f\r new planets h div]g$ f "o po9t1 & h1 !re=e1 be5 orig9ally comb9$ 9 a l>g] body4 ,jupit] is ! l>ge/ ( all ! planet>y bodies1 &1 next to ,v5us ! brighte/4 ,he 0 call$ by ! ,greeks 1 :i* is f 1 to be hot1 or1 says ,p>khur/1 imm$iately f ! ,hebrew to %9e1 comp\nd$1 p]haps1 ) sub/ance1 q4d4 ! %9+ sub/ance2 a "n v ju/ly giv5 to ?is planet1 on acc\nt ( 8 /rong & cle> light4 ----8,9 di/ant skies ,revolves ! mighty magnitude ( ,jove1 ,) k+ly /ate1 ! rival ( ! sun40 ,8 mean di/ance f ! sun is #dij1jjj1jjj miles1 & 8 diamet] is #hi1agj miles1 or m ?an #aa times t ( ! e>?1 & !re=e 8 magnitude is #a1djj times great] ?an our e>?2 ( c\rse1 z ! surface ( a globe increases accord+ to ! squ>e ( its diamet]1 our e>? w1 to ! inhabitants ( ,jupit]1 appe> #aba times less ?an ?is noble planet appe>s to u4 ,8 revolution r\nd ! sun1 f ea/ to we/1 is p]=m$ 9 #aa ye>s1 #cae days1 #ad h\rs1 #ci m9utes1 #b seconds1 :i* is ne>ly twelve ( our ye>s2 & 8 motion 9 8 orbit is #bi1jjj miles an h\r4 ,he p]=ms 8 diurnal rotation ^u 8 axis 9 #i h\rs1 #ee m9utes1 #cc seconds1 by :i* motion 8 equatorial p>ts are c>ri$ r\nd at ! amaz+ rate ( #bf1jjj miles an h\r1 :i* is ab\t tw5ty-five times ! velocity ( ! l p>ts ( our e>?4 ,he has1 ( c\rse1 a rapid succession ( days1 z ! poet obs]ves1 8,9 ample compass ,jove conducts 8 sph]e1 ,& lat] f9i%es 8 t$i\s ye>2 ,yet swiftly on 8 axle turn'd1 rega9s ,! frequ5t aid ( day to w>m 8 pla9s40 ,! axis ( ,jupit] is ne>ly p]p5dicul> to 8 orbit1 s t he has no s5sible *ange ( seasons4 ,?is is n ! "w ( *ance1 z ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory obs]ves1 b wisely ord]$ by ! ,div9e ,ar*itect2 = if ! axis ( ?is planet 7 incl9$ any consid]able numb] ( degrees1 s _m degrees r\nd ea* pole w\ld be almo/ six ye>s toge!r 9 d>kness4 ,& z ea* degree ( a great circle on ?is planet conta9s m ?an #gjj miles1 x is natural to conceive1 t va/ tracts ( l& w\ld be r5d]$ un9habitable by any consid]able incl9ation ( 8 axis4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is planet1 ?r\gh a telescope1 op5s a va/ field = int]e/+ inquiry4 ,8 surface is n equally bright1 b v>iegat$ ) c]ta9 b&s1 or belts1 ( a dusky appe>ance3 !y run p>allel to ea* o!r1 & are cont9u$ r\nd ! body ( ! planet4 ,!y are n regul> or con/ant 9 _! appe>ance3 sometimes only "o is se52 at o!r times six or eight4 ,! bread? ( !m is likewise v>iable2 "o belt is sometimes becom+ n>r[1 :ile ano!r1 9 its neighborhood1 gr[s broad] z if "o _h fl[$ into ! o!r3 9 ^! cases1 an oblique belt has be5 obs]v$ to be betwe5 !m1 z if = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a communication4 ,sometimes1 "o or m spots are =m$ betwe5 ! belts1 :i* increase till ! :ole is unit$ 9 a l>ge dusky belt4 ,!re are also bright spots to be discov]$ on ,jupit]'s surface2 ^! are r m p]man5t ?an ! belts1 & re-appe> aft] unequal int]vals ( "t4 ,! rem>kable spot1 by ^: motion ! rotation ( ,jupit] ^u 8 own axis 0 fir/ asc]ta9$1 disappe>$ 9 ! ye> #afid1 & 0 n se5 aga9 till #agjh1 :5 x re-appe>$ exactly 9 ! same place1 & has be5 occasionally se5 ev] s9ce4 ,jupit] is enlight5$ by f\r moons1 or satellites1 ea* ( !m l>g] ?an t ) :i* we are suppli$1 & :i* revolve at diff]5t di/ances f t planet4 ,9 ! sol> sy/em ! moons1 or satellites1 revolve r\nd _! respective prim>y planets z c5tres1 9 ! same mann] z ! prim>y planets revolve r\nd ! sun4 ,by means ( ,jupit]'s satellites1 a me?od has be5 obta9$ = demon/rat+ t ! motion ( light is progressive1 & n in/antane\s1 z 0 =m]ly suppos$2 :i* discov]y is important to ! int]e/s ( sci5ce4 ,m4 ,huyg5s1 9 8 ,treatise on ,light1 concludes f ^! eclipses1 t light transmits itself ab\t #fjj1jjj times fa/] ?an s\nd4 ,di/ances & ,revolutions ( ,jupit]'s ,satellites4 ,revolution4 ,di/ance4 d4 h4 m4 #a/ ,satellite #bej1jjj #a #ah #cf #b;d #dja1jjj #c #ac #ae #c;d #fdh1jjj #g #c #ei #d? #a1abh1jjj #af #ah #cj ,!y are ?us ref]r$ to by ,mallet3 8,ab\t him r\nd f\r planet>y moons1 ,on e>? ) wond] all night long beheld1 ,moon above moon1 8 fair att5dants dance40 ,to a spectator plac$ on ! surface ( ,jupit]1 ea* ( ! satellites w\ld put on ! phases ( ! moon2 b z ! di/ance ( any ( !m f ,jupit] is b small1 :5 comp>$ ) ! di/ance ( t planet f ! sun1 ! satellites are !re=e illum9at$ by ! sun v ne>ly 9 ! same mann] ) ! prim>y itself2 h5ce !y appe> to u always r\nd1 hav+ con/antly ! greate/ "p ( _! enlight5$ half turn$ t[>ds ! e>?3 & inde$ !y are s small1 t 7 !y to put on ! phases ( ! moon1 ^! phases c\ld sc>cely be disc]n$ ?r\gh ! be/ telescopes4 ,:5 ! satellites pass ?r\gh _! inf]ior semicircles1 !y may ca/ a %ad[ ^u _! prim>y1 & ?us cause an eclipse ( ! sun to 8 inhabitants2 & 9 "s situations ?is %ad[ may be obs]v$ go+ be=e or foll[+ ! satellite4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 pass+ ?r\gh _! sup]ior semicircles1 ! satellites may be eclips$ 9 ! same mann] z our moon by pass+ ?r\gh ! %ad[ ( ,jupit]3 & ?is is actually ! case ) ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird2 b ! f\r?1 by reason ( ! ext5t ( its orbit1 passes sometimes above or bel[ ! %ad[1 z is ! case ) our moon4 ,^! satellites 7 fir/ discov]$ on ! #g? ( ,janu>y1 #afaj1 by ! celebrat$ ,galileo1 :o call$ !m ,m$ician ,/>s1 9 honor ( ! family ( ! ,m$ici1 dukes ( ,tuscany1 8 patrons4 ,^! satellites1 revolv+ ab\t ,jupit] at diff]5t di/ances1 f we/ to ea/1 :5 view$ ?r\gh a telescope1 make a beautiful appe>ance4 ,z our moon revolves r\nd ! e>?1 enlight5+ ! nights1 by reflect+ ! light %e receives f ! sun2 s ^! satellites1 revolv+ r\nd ,jupit]1 may also be suppos$ to enlight5 ! nights ( t planet4 ,saturn is a v conspicu\s planet1 ?\gh he %9es ) a pale & feeble light1 v unlike t ( ,jupit] & ! o!r planets4 ,he 0 call$ by ! ,greeks 4 8,f ! acc\nt giv5 by ,diodorus ,siculus10 says ,co/>d1 8x seems z if ! ,*aldeans call$ ?is planet by "s "n n widely diff]5t f ?is ( ! ,greeks4 ,9 ! language ( ,*aldea1 ! v]b phana1 or phanah1 signifies conv]t]e se1 div]t]e se1 decl9>e4 ,& :atev] vani%es1 or disappe>s1 v prop]ly decl9es1 or turns aside1 f our view4 ,?is planet1 !re=e1 0 mo/ probably call$ ph51 or pha91 &1 ) a ,greek t]m9ation1 1 on acc\nt ( 8 )draw+ himself1 by reason ( 8 di/ance4 ,& ?is conjecture is yet fur!r confirm$ f 8 "n 9 ano!r dialect1 or among ano!r p4 ,= f sat]1 latuit1 abscondit se1 ) ! p>agogic nun :i* is n unusual 9 ! =mation ( ,ea/]n words1 comes ! ^w ,saturn1 & ) ! ,lat9 t]m9ation u1 ,saturnus40 ,8 mean di/ance f ! sun is #ijj1jjj1jjj miles1 consequ5tly 8 motion 9 8 orbit is proportionably sl[2 & 8 annual revolution r\nd ! sun1 f we/ to ea/1 be+ s mu* long] likewise ?an t ( ! o!r planets1 he takes #bi ye>s1 #afd days1 #g h\rs1 #ba m9utes1 #ej seconds1 :i* is almo/ ?irty ( our ye>s1 to accompli% x1 9 8 orbit travell+ ) a velocity ( #bb1jjj miles an h\r4 ,8 diamet] is #gi1jjj miles2 & 8 magnitude is ab\t #a1jjj times t ( ! e>?4 ,! "t ( rotation ^u 8 axis is #aj h\rs1 #ag m9utes4 8,/ill fur!r (f1 sc>ce w>m'd by ,phbus' ray1 ,?r\gh 8 wide orbit1 ,saturn :eels away2 ,h[ great ! *ange1 c\ld we be waft$ !re6 ,h[ sl[ ! seasons6 & h[ long ! ye>60 ,!re is a s+ul> & curi\s app5dage to ,saturn1 namely1 a ?91 broad1 opake r+1 encompass+ ! body ( ! planet1 )\t t\*+ x2 l ! horizon ( an artificial globe2 x appe>s to be susp5d$ r\nd ! planet1 & to keep its place )\t any imm$iate connection ) x4 ,! di/ance ( ?is prodigi\s circle f ! body ( ! planet is usually /at$ to be ab\t #ba1jjj miles4 ,! dim5sions ( ! r+1 or ( ! two r+s ) ! space betwe5 !m1 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell has giv5 z foll[s3 ,miles4 ,inn] diamet] ( ! small] r+ #adf1cde ,outside diamet] ( ditto #ahd1cic ,inn] diamet] ( ! l>g] r+ #aij1bdh ,outside diamet] ( ditto #bjd1hhc ,bread? ( ! inn] r+ #bj1jjj ,bread? ( ! out] r+ #g1bjj ,bread? ( ! vacant space1 or d>k zone #b1hci ,x puts on diff]5t appe>ances to u1 sometimes be+ se5 q op51 or z a wide oval1 & at o!rs1 only z a s+le l9e4 ,:5 our eye is 9 ! plane ( ! r+1 or look+ at x directly on ! edge1 x is invisible to u2 & x is 9 ?is situation twice 9 ea* revolution ( ! planet2 t is1 once 9 ab\t fifte5 ye>s3 at ^! times1 he appe>s q r\nd1 = n9e or t5 mon?s toge!r4 ,! r+ 0 invisible to u on ! #ae? ( ,june1 #ahjc1 &1 s9ce t "t1 gradually increas$ 9 light & bread? = ab\t sev5 ye>s3 &1 aft] :i*1 has aga9 decreas$1 till1 z be=e1 aft] an int]val ( fifte5 ye>s1 9 ! pres5t ye> #ahah1 ! r+ is aga9 edgewise to u1 & invisible4 ,) telescopes ( great magnify+ p[]1 two belts or /ripes h be5 discov]$ on ,saturn2 !y appe> p>allel to ! r+1 & are suppos$ to be p]man5t4 ,( :at compon5t mat]ials ?is r+ is compos$1 or by :at means x is susp5d$1 we z yet rema9 ignorant3 b ( its use1 x is suppos$ to supply light & heat to ! planet1 agreeably to ! obs]vation ( a poet :o has ev9c$ an ext5sive acqua9tance ) philosophy4 8,muse6 raise ?y voice1 my/]i\s tru? to s+1 ,h[ o'er ! copi\s orb a lucid r+1 ,opake & broad1 is se5 its ar* to spread1 ,r\nd ! big globe at /at$ p]iods l$2 ,p]haps 7its use unkn[n7 ) ga!r'd heat ,to aid ! regions ( t gelid seat1 ,! want ( ne>] ,phbus to supply1 ,& w>m ) reflex beams 8 summ] sky2 ,else might ! high-plac'd _w1 expos'd to fro/1 ,lie wa/e1 9 "o et]nal w9t] lo/40 ,besides ! r+1 ,saturn is also furni%$ ) sev5 att5dant moons1 or satellites1 :i* move ar\nd him at diff]5t di/ances1 9 a way simil> to ^? ( ,jupit]4 ,di/ances & ,revolutions ( ,saturn's ,satellites4 ,revolution4 ,di/ance4 d4 h4 m4 s4 #a/ ,satellite #agb1jjj #a #ba #ah #bf #b;d #bag1jjj #b #ag #dd #ea #c;d #cae1jjj #d #ab #be #aa #d? #gje1jjj #ae #bb #da #ad #e? #b1abf1jjj #gi #g #ec #db #f? #acg1jjj #a #h #ec #i #g? #ajg1jjj #j #bb #cg #cj ,! six? & sev5? satellites 7 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,h]s*ell 9 #aghg & #aghh3 !y are ne>] to ,saturn ?an any ( ! o!r five2 b1 to prev5t confusion1 !y h be5 call$ ! #f? & #g?4 ,! #e? satellite has be5 obs]v$ by ,dr4 ,h]s*ell to turn once r\nd its axis1 exactly 9 ! "t 9 :i* x revolves r\nd ,saturn3 9 ?is respect x resembles our moon4 ,_! di/ance f u is s f>1 z n to be easily visible1 ev5 ) a good telescope1 unless ! air be exce$+ly cle>4 ,x 0 = ages t a/ronomical sci5ce limit$ ! sol> sy/em to six planets1 & ,saturn 0 consid]$ z its utmo/ ext5t4 ,vitruvius1 speak+ ( ! planet ,saturn1 says1 t /> 8is ne> ! extremity ( ! _w1 & t\*es ! froz5 regions ( heav540 ,he did n und]/& ! ext5t ( our planet>y sy/em4 ,x is to ! indefatigable application ( ,dr4 ,h]s*ell t we are indebt$ = ! discov]y ( a new planet1 :i* is ! f\r? ( ! sup]ior ones !n kn[n1 &1 be+ at twice ! di/ance ( ,saturn f ! sun1 has quadrupl$ ! b\nds =m]ly assign$ to ! sol> sy/em4 ,?is planet 0 discov]$ on ! #ac? ( ,m>*1 #agha1 & is call$ by diff]5t names3 ! discov]] be/[$ ^u x t ( ,georgium ,sidus1 9 honor ( our pres5t v5]able & belov$ sov]eign2 by ! ,fr5* x is call$ ,h]s*ell1 & by ! ,italians1 ,uranus4 ,?is important discov]y is v des]v$ly notic$ by ! ,poet ,laureat1 9 8 ,ode entitl$ 8,c>m5 ,secul>e = ! ye> #ahjj40 8,ma!sis ) uplift$ eye1 ,trac+ ! wond]s ( ! sky1 ,beholds new con/ellations rise1 ,new sy/ems cr[n ! arg5t skies2 ,views ) new lu/re r\nd ! gl[+ pole1 ,wide 8 /up5d\s orb ! ,georgian ,planet roll40 ,on ! #aa? ,janu>y1 #aghg1 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell discov]$ ! second & f\r? satellites :i* att5d 8 own planet ! ,georgium ,sidus2 & 9 ! foll[+ ye>s1 previ\sly to #agia1 he obs]v$ f\r o!rs revolv+ r\nd ! same body4 ,?\gh ?is celebrat$ a/ronom] 0 ! fir/ :o discov]$ ! ,georgium ,sidus to be "o ( ! planets ( ! sol> sy/em1 yet no d\bt c be ent]ta9$ ( its hav+ be5 be=e obs]v$ & consid]$ z a fix$ />4 ,flam/e$ 9 #afij1 ,may] 9 #agef1 & ,monni] 9 #agfi1 det]m9$ ! places ( ?ree />s :i* _c n[ be f\nd4 ,& ,m4 ,la ,place1 accord+ to 8 !ory ( ,jupit] & ,saturn1 has f\nd t ! ,georgium ,sidus 0 exactly 9 ^? ?ree po9ts at ^? v times4 ,^! truly s+ul> occurr5ces leave no d\bt ( ! id5tity ( ^! ?ree />s ) ! new planet4 ,! l9es :i* ,mallet appli$ to ,saturn are n[1 ) a little alt]ation1 m applicable to ! ,georgium ,sidus1 or ,h]s*ell planet4 8,la/1 outmo/ ,h]s*ell walks 8 fronti] r\nd1 ,! b\nd>y ( worlds2 ) 8 pale moons1 ,fa9t-glimm]+ ?r\gh ! d>kness night has ?r[n1 ,deep-dy'd & dead1 o'er ?is *ill globe =lorn3 ,an endless des]t1 :]e extreme ( cold ,et]nal sits1 z 9 8 native seat1 ,on w9try hills ( nev]-?aw+ ice2 ,su* ,h]s*ell's e>?40 ,8 mean di/ance f ! sun is ab\t #a1hjj1jjj1jjj miles1 & he p]=ms 8 revolution f we/ to ea/ r\nd ! sun 9 #hc ye>s1 #bid days1 #h h\rs1 #ci m9utes2 & 9 8 orbit he moves ) a velocity ( #ae1hdf miles an h\r4 ,8 diamet] is #d times l>g] ?an t ( ! e>?1 be+ m ?an #ce1jjj miles2 & 8 magnitude is #hj times l>g] ?an t ( ! e>?4 ,! orbit 9 :i* he revolves is n9ete5 times fur!r f ! sun ?an ! e>?'s orbit2 consequ5tly he has #cfa times less light & heat f ! sun ?an we h4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 8 proportion ( light is consid]able2 = hav+ be5 calculat$1 x is f\nd to be equal to ! effect ( #bhd ( our full moons4 ,:5 ! sky is v s]5e & cle>1 & ! moon abs5t1 ?is planet may be p]ceiv$ ) ! nak$ eye1 unassi/$ by a telescope3 & x appe>s z a /> ( ! fif? magnitude1 ) a bluei% :ite light1 & a brilliancy betwe5 t ( ,v5us & ! ,moon4 ,! want ( light aris+ f ! great di/ance ( ?is planet f ! sun1 is suppli$ by six satellites1 :i* revolve at diff]5t di/ances r\nd _! prim>y4 ,di/ances & ,revolutions ( ! ,satellites ( ! ,georgium ,sidus4 ,revolution4 ,di/ance4 d4 h4 m4 s4 #a/ ,satellite #bbf1dej #e #ba #be #j #b;d #bic1jec #h #ag #j #j #c;d #cdb1ghd #aj #bc #j #j #d? #cib1ead #ac #aa #j #j #e? #ghe1jbh #ch #a #di #j #f? #a1egj1jeg #ajg #g #ce #aj ,all ^! satellites1 x has be5 said1 p]=m _! revolutions 9 _! orbits contr>y to ! ord] ( ! signs2 t is1 _! real motion is retrograde1 b probably1 z sugge/$ by ,dr4 ,hutton1 ?is is an optical illusion4#acj ,z ! indefatigable ,dr4 ,h]s*ell has already discov]$ six satellites belong+ to ?is planet1 does n its imm5se di/ance f ! sun leave "s gr\nd = conjecture1 t !re may rema9 "s undiscov]$1 & t 8 att5dants are z num]\s1 if n m s1 ?an ^? ( ,saturn8 ,*>act]s us$ = ! ,sun1 ,moon1 & ,planets4 ,! ,sun ,! ,moon ,m]cury ,v5us ,! ,e>? ,m>s ,jupit] ,saturn ,h]s*ell1 or ,georgium ,sidus4 ,! m>k :i* *>act]ises ! planet ,h]s*ell is ! initial ( ! discov]]'s "n1 int]sect$ by a cross b> to repres5t a cross1 by :i* to d5ote t ! discov]y ( ! planet took place aft] ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,a/ronomy produces calculations conc]n+ ! magnitudes1 di/ances1 & revolutions ( ! planets1 & _! respective satellites1 :i*1 to ! un9=m$1 appe> absurd1 *im]ical1 & presumptu\s2 :ile1 probably1 !y laugh at su* notions z 7 receiv$ among m51 :5 ev5 ! wise/ ( !m 7 weak en\gh to believe1 t ! e>? 0 an imm5se pla91 situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se2 t ! vault ( heav5 0 ( cry/al2 & t ! sun 0 no o!r ?an a plate ( r$ hot iron1 ab\t z l>ge z ! ,peloponnessus4 ,! foll[+ ?\ghts1 communicat$ by my mu* e/eem$ fri5d ,?omas ,exley1 ,a4 ,m4 may assi/ su* p]sons to ent]ta9 m favorable s5tim5ts ( ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy1 & also s]ve to enl>ge _! views ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 8,_m p]sons :o h n _h ! advantages ( prop] in/ruction 9 ma!matical sci5ce1 _c be p]suad$ t x is 9 ! p[] ( man to asc]ta9 ! di/ances ( ! sun1 moon1 & planets1 &1 ( c\rse1 pay little reg>d to ! ass]tions ( a/ronom]s on ?is subject4 ,sometimes1 !y are bold en\gh to say ! ?+ is impossible1 because no "o has ev] be5 to any ( ^? bodies4 ,let su* p]sons consid]1 t x is n necess>y to g to a remote object 9 ord] to measure its di/ance2 = t purpose1 x w be suffici5t to "k ! l5g? ( a l9e at ! place ( ! spectator1 & ! incl9ation ( ?is l9e to two o!rs direct$ f its extremities to ! object2 =1 on ! l5g? ( ?is l9e1 & ! position ( ! two o!rs1 dep5ds ! di/ance ( ! object f ! ends ( t l9e4 8,?us1 if ,i wi% to "k ! di/ance ( a neighbor+ t[]1 or o!r object beyond a riv]1 or 9 "s o!r way inaccessible2 ,i measure any conv5i5t l9e t]m9at+ 9 my /ation1 & by "s in/rum5t prop] = measur+ angles1 ,i asc]ta9 ! position ( my measur$ l9e to ! l9es connect+ its extreme po9ts & ! object4 ,on ^! data dep5ds ! di/ance1 & f ?is l9e & ^! angles accurately measur$1 ! exact di/ance may be ) great ease truly f\nd4 ,x is on simil> pr9ciples t a/ronom]s inve/igate ! di/ances ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,!y take z ! giv5 or measur$ l9e1 :i* may be call$ ! base1 "s l9e on ! e>?1 ! semi-diamet] = in/ance1 z be+ ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,! angle =m$1 or r conta9$ by two l9es drawn f ! sun or planet to ! ends ( ! semi-diamet] ( ! e>?1 is call$ ! p>allax1 because x %[s ! diff]5ce ( ! app>5t situation ( ! object z se5 f ! extremities ( ! semi-diamet]1 t is1 x measures ! arc ( a great circle 9 ! heav5s conta9$ betwe5 its two app>5t places4 ,h5ce to asc]ta9 its p>allax1 or diff]5ce ( ! app>5t place :5 ! object is view$ f ! o!r end ( ! semi-diamet]1 becomes a problem ( great importance 9 a/ronomy2 = ?is be+ truly discov]$1 ! di/ance ( ! planet w be obta9$ ) ! utmo/ exactitude4 ,if any o!r l9e besides ! semi-diamet] ( ! e>?1 ^: l5g? & position are kn[n1 be us$ z a base1 & ! p>allax 9 respect ( ?is l9e be f\nd1 ! same conclusions w foll[4 ,! *ief difficulty 9 ?is affair arises f ! smallness ( ! angle to be measur$1 :i* is a consequ5ce ( ! greatness ( ! di/ance 9 respect ( ! e>?'s semi-diamet]4 ,sev]al +5i\s me?ods h be5 propos$ & employ$ by a/ronom]s to discov] ! di/ances ( ! sun & planets1 b no?+ s]ves ?is purpose s well z ! transits ( ,v5us ov] ! sun's disk4 ,at c]ta9 p]iods1 :i* c be =etold by a/ronom]s1 ?is planet passes exactly betwe5 u & ! sun1 & is se5 z a d>k r\nd spot = "s h\rs1 mov+ 9 a l9e across ! sun's face or disk4 ,! obs]v] %\ld be furni%$ ) a good *ronomet]1 or p5dulum clock ) seconds1 to note ! "t ( ! transit2 & good in/rum5ts1 to take ! app>5t diamet]s ( ! sun & ,v5us1 & h] greate/ di/ance f ! sun's limb :ile pass+ ov] 8 disk3 f ^! obs]vations1 & ! kn[n ph5om5a ( ! motions ( ! e>? & ,v5us1 ! p>allax may be f\nd4 ,b if two obs]v]s1 at v di/ant places ( ! e>? prop]ly *os51 make ^! obs]vations1 ! p>allax may be obta9$ ) mu* great] ease & nicety2 because ! di/ance ( ! app>5t tracks ( ,v5us across ! sun z se5 f ! two places1 & also ! diff]5ce ( ! "t ( ! passage1 arises f ! p>allax ( ,v5us & t ( ! sun4 ,! two la/ transits1 :i* happ5$ 9 ! ye>s #agfa & #agfi1 7 c>efully obs]v$ = ?is purpose2 & x is to ! results ( ^! obs]vations t ! pres5t a/ronom]s are indebt$ = _! m accurate k ( ! di/ances ( ! planets1 & ! dim5sions ( ! sol> sy/em4 8,x %\ld be obs]v$1 t if ! p>allax1 & consequ5tly ! di/ance ( any "o ( ! planets by any means becomes kn[n1 ! same is easily obta9$ = ea* ( ! o!r planets1 f ! relation :i* has be5 cle>ly discov]$ to subsi/ betwe5 ! p]iodical times ( revolution ( ! planets r\nd ! sun1 & _! di/ances f t c5tral lum9>y4 ,a/ronom]s h mo/ decid$ly prov$ t ! squ>e ( ! "t 9 :i* any planet revolves is to ! squ>e ( ! "t 9 :i* any o!r revolves1 z ! cube ( ! di/ance ( ! fir/1 is to ! cube ( ! di/ance ( ! o!r2 & s9ce all ! times are kn[n f obs]vation1 if ! di/ance ( any "o be det]m9$1 !re is no difficulty at all to f9d ! di/ances ( all ! o!r planets f ! sun4 8,x has also be5 matt] ( great surprise to ! unle>n$1 t a/ronom]s %\ld pret5d to tell ! magnitudes ( ! sun & planets4 ,b ?is is no difficult problem :5 ! di/ance is kn[n4 ,! app>5t diamet] is readily f\nd f obs]vation1 & on ?is & ! di/ance dep5ds ! true diamet]4 ,if ! app>5t diamet]s ( two objects be equal1 ! true diamet] ( ! "o w be great] z x is m remote2 & ! app>5t diamet] ( any object w increase z ! di/ance ( x f ! obs]v] dim9i%es4 ,f ?is e "o sees1 t a k ( ! di/ance ( ! object is an indisp5sible elem5t = f9d+ its bulk2 &1 accord+ to ! accuracy ( ! measure ( ! di/ance1 w be t ( ! measure ( ! magnitude1 provid$ ! app>5t di/ance be truly tak52 & ?is1 9 ! pres5t improv$ /ate ( our in/rum5ts1 pres5ts no ob/acle4 ,!re c be no d\bt b t a/ronom]s are v ne> ! tru? 9 ! numb]s :i* !y n[ give u = express+ ! di/ances & magnitudes ( ! sun & planets4 8,! telescope has be5 ( s+ul> use to ! a/ronom]2 x has %[n him _m ph5om5a ( ! heav5ly bodies1 conc]n+ :i* he w\ld o!rwise h be5 totally ignorant4 ,x is by ! assi/ance ( ?is noble in/rum5t t we h atta9$ to ! k ( ! rotations ( ! sun & planets1 ! phases ( ,v5us & ,m]cury1 ,saturn's r+1 & _m o!r p>ticul>s exce$+ly int]e/+4 ,! telescope has discov]$ sev]al planets :i* o!rwise w\ld h revolv$ 9 _! c\rses unkn[n & unnotic$ by ! inhabitants ( ?is globe2 x has in=m$ u t sev]al ( ! planets h moons mov+ r\nd !m1 z our moon revolves r\nd ! e>?2 besides1 x has pres5t$ to our view an innum]able multitude ( fix$ />s :i* )\t ?is assi/ance we %\ld nev] h se54 8,x is no wond] t great ef=ts h be5 made to improve ?is excell5t in/rum5t2 ^! ef=ts h be5 att5d$ ) great success1 & :at may be fur!r done 9 ?is respect we _c tell2 h[ev]1 !re is a limit to ! improvem5ts ( ! telescope1 = aft] x has atta9$ a c]ta9 degree ( magnify+ p[]1 ! motes & vapors 9 ! atmosph]e w\ld be s magnifi$ z to occupy its :ole field ( view1 & ?us r5d] x a useless incumbrance40 ,:o c contemplate ! p[] :i* produc$ ! sol> sy/em1 at once s magnific5t1 beautiful1 & delightful1 )\t a/oni%m5t & admiration8 ,! planets are kept 9 a regul> motion1 & reta9$ 9 an inv>iable c\rse r\nd ! sun1 by ! p[] ( ?is lum9>y's attraction or gravity4 ,^! bodies h a projectile =ce1 be+ propell$ =w>ds 9 a "r l9e1 :i* is ! nature ( all simple motion2 b ! sun's attraction comb9+ ) _! own projectile =ce1 )draws !m f _! rectil9eal c\rses1 & pres]ves ! mo/ p]fect h>mony 9 ! sy/em4 ,?is wond]ful me*anism 0 orig9ally impress$ on ! sy/em by its inf9itely wise & omnipot5t ,creator2 to :i* prim>y impulse x has ) undeviat+ uni=mity adh]$1 hav+ nev] suff]$ 9 its op]ations f ! greate/ di/ance ( space1 or int]vals ( "t6 ,surely no p[] less ?an t :i* at fir/ gave exi/5ce & modification to matt]1 is equal to ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,! sol> orb & ! planet>y bodies c\ld no m subsi/ 9 _! pres5t =m & ord]1 )\t a ,div9e1 support+1 & direct+ h&1 ?an !y c\ld at ! beg9n+ make !mselves4 ,:at is t g5]al law or =ce call$ gravitation1 )\t :i* ! :ole frame ( nature w\ld soon be dissolv$8 ,is x n a p[] con/antly issu+ f ! ,deity1 & :i* if he %\ld susp5d b = "o mom5t1 ! :ole creation w\ld s9k into ru9s8 ,h[ inconceivably great & op]ative mu/ t p[] be1 t is pres5t ?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 ) all ! heav5ly orbs to pres]ve !m 9 _! c\rses2 & on ?is e>?1 ) e creature1 & e p>ticle ( matt]1 to pres]ve its pres5t =m6 ,9 addition to ! planets & _! satellites1 !re are ,comets1 :i* revolve r\nd ! sun1 &1 consequ5tly1 are a "p ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,!y h (t5 a long tail1 9 appe>ance resembl+ hair1 issu+ f t side :i* is turn$ away f ! sun4 ,comets are popul>ly divid$ into ?ree k9ds1 namely1 be>d$1 tail$1 & hairy3 b ?is arrangem5t seems to apply r to ! diff]5t circum/ances ( ! same comet1 ?an to ! ph5om5a ( sev]al4 ,?us1 :5 a comet is ea/w>d ( ! sun1 & moves ) him1 x is said to be be>d$1 because ! light prec$es x 9 ! mann] ( a be>d3 b :5 x is we/w>d ( him1 x is said to be tail$1 because ! tra9 ( light foll[s x 9 ! mann] ( a tail3 &1 la/ly1 :5 ! sun & comet are diametrically opposite1 ! e>? be+ betwe5 !m1 ! tra9 is hid beh9d ! body ( ! comet1 except+ ! extremities1 :i* be+ broad] ?an ! body ( ! comet1 appe> r\nd x l a bord] ( hair 7coma71 f :i* circum/ance x is said to be hairy1 & is d5om9at$ a comet4 ,)\t att5d+ to ! v>iety ( op9ions :i* philosoph]s & a/ronom]s h ent]ta9$ conc]n+ ! nature & use ( comets1 we may affirm1 t !y h be5 consid]$ z al>m+ ph5om5a1 display$ by ! ,div9e ,be+ to w>n mank9d ( ! ne> approa* ( "s dreadful calamity1 su* z w>s1 pe/il5ce1 & fam9e4 ,?is op9ion prevail$ dur+ ! d>k ages betwe5 ! decl9e ( ! ,roman empire1 & ! dawn ( ! ,re=mation4 ,to ?is appreh5sion "s ( our mod]n poets h allud$ 9 /rong & descriptive language4 ,"y says1 8,ha/ ?\ ne'er se5 ! comet's flam+ light8 ,?' illu/ri\s /rang] pass+1 t]ror %$s ,on gaz+ nations1 f 8 fi]y tra9 ,( l5g? enorm\s2 takes 8 ample r\nd ,?r\gh dep?s ( e!r2 coa/s unnumb]'d worlds ,( m ?an sol> glory2 d\bles wide ,heav5's mighty cape2 & !n revisits e>?1 ,f ! long travel ( a ?\s& ye>s40 ,milton uses /ill great] /r5g? ( language :5 he comp>es 8 h]o to a comet3 8,inc5s$ ) indignation1 ,satan /ood ,unt]rifi$1 & l a comet burn'd ,t f9es ! l5g? ( ,ophiucus huge ,9 ! arctic sky1 & f 8 horrid hair ,%akes pe/il5ce & w>40 ,simil> ideas are f9ely express$ by ,savage3 8,9 fancy's eye enc\nt'r+ armies gl>e1 ,& sangu9e ensigns wave unfurl$ 9 air6 ,h5ce ! deep vulg> deem imp5d+ fate1 ,a mon>* ru9$1 or unpeopl$ /ate4 ,?us comets1 dreadful visitants6 arise1 ,to !m wild om5s1 sci5ce to ! wise1 ,^! m>k ! comet to ! sun incl9e1 ,:ile deep r$ flames ar\nd its c5tre %9e6 ,:ile its fi]ce re> a w9d+ trail displays1 ,& lights all e!r ) a sweep+ blaze6 ,or :51 compell'd1 x flies ! torrid zone1 ,& %oots by worlds unnumb]$ & unkn[n2 ,by worlds1 ^: p1 all agha/ ) fe>1 ,may view t m9i/] ( v5geance ne>40 ,not)/&+ ! pres5t improv$ /ate ( a/ronomical sci5ce1 x is evid5t t ! philosophy ( comets is v imp]fect4 ,kepl]1 ?\gh 9 o!r respects a v great g5ius1 & to ^: useful labors a/ronomy is deeply indebt$1 indulg$ 9 ! mo/ extravagant conjectures2 he imag9$ t ! planets 7 l>ge animals1 swimm+ r\nd ! sun3 & t ! comets 7 animals /ill m huge & mon/r\s1 :i* _h be5 g5]at$ 9 ! cele/ial spaces4 ,jean ,bod91 a le>n$ ,fr5*man ( ! #af? c5tury1 ent]ta9$ an op9ion1 if possible1 /ill m absurd & ridicul\s4 ,he ma9ta9$ t ! comets are spirits1 :i* hav+ liv$ on ! e>? innum]able ages1 & be+ at la/ arriv$ on ! conf9es ( dea?1 celebrat$ _! la/ triumph1 or are recall$ to ! firmam5t l %9+ />s6 ,mr4 ,:i/on 0 ( op9ion1 t comets are s _m hells1 appo9t$ 9 _! orbits alt]nately to c>ry ! damn$ into ! conf9es ( ! sun1 !re to be scor*$ by its viol5t heat1 & !n to return ) !m beyond ! orb ( ,saturn1 !re to />ve !m 9 ^? cold & dismal regions4 ,?us 8,born 9 an age m curi\s ?an dev\t2 ,m fond to fix ! place ( heav5 or hell1 ,?an /udi\s ?is to %un1 or t secure40#aca ,james ,b]n\lli1 9 8 ,sy/ema ,comet>um1 says1 t comets are no o!r ?an ! satellites ( "s v di/ant planet1 :i* is itself invisible to u on acc\nt ( its va/ di/ance1 z are also ! satellites1 unless :5 !y are 9 t "p ( _! orbits :i* is ne>e/ ! e>?4 ,comets1 accord+ to ,des ,c>tes1 7 =m]ly fix$ />s3 b :i* becom+ gradually cov]$ ) macul1 & at l5g? :olly depriv$ ( _! light1 _c keep _! places1 b are c>ri$ (f by ! vortices ( ! circumjac5t />s2 & 9 proportion to _! magnitude & solidity1 mov$ 9 su* a mann] z to be br\ght ne>] ! orb ( ,saturn2 & ?us1 com+ )9 rea* ( ! sun's light1 are r5d]$ visible4 ,ari/otle1 ,s5eca1 ,plut>*1 & o!rs1 te/ify1 t ! ,py?agoreans1 & ! :ole ,italian sect1 ma9ta9$1 t a comet 0 a k9d ( planet or w&]+ />1 :i* appe>$ aga9 aft] a long int]val ( "t4 ,hippocrates ,*ius 0 ( ! same op9ion z ,ari/otle in=ms u4 ,democritus held also ! same op9ion1 z ,s5eca tells u 9 8 8,natural ,que/ions20 book vii1 *ap4 #c1 8,=10 says he1 8,democritus1 ! mo/ curi\s & subtle ( all ! anci5ts1 suspect$ t !re 7 _m m />s :i* mov$1 mean+ by ?is expression ! comets2 b he nei!r e/abli%$ _! numb]1 or _! names1 ! c\rses ( ! five planets n hav+ z yet be5 discov]$40 ,aga91 ,s5eca assures u1 t ,apollonius ,myndius1 "o ( ! mo/ skilful philosoph]s 9 ! se>* ( natural causes1 ass]t$1 t ! ,*aldeans reckon$ comets among ! o!r w&]+ />s1 & t !y knew _! c\rses4 ,apollonius himself ma9ta9$1 t a comet 0 a /> ( its own k9d1 z ! sun & moon are1 b t its c\rse 0 n yet kn[n2 t by its motions x m\nts v high 9 ! heav5s1 & only appe>s :5 x desc5ds into ! l[] "p ( its orbit4 ,& ,s5eca himself embraces ?is op9ion 9 ! foll[+ truly philosophical words3 8,i _c believe10 says he1 8t a comet is a fire sudd5ly k9dl$1 b t x ought to be rank$ among ! et]nal works ( nature4 ,a comet has its prop] place1 & is n easily mov$ f !nce2 x goes its c\rse1 & is n ext+ui%$1 b runs (f f u4 ,b y w say1 if x 7 a w&]+ /> x w\ld keep 9 ! zodiac4 ,b :o c set "o b\nd>y to all ! />s8 ,:o c re/ra9 ! works ( ! ,div9ity to a n>r[ compass8 ,= ea* ( ^? bodies1 :i* y imag9e to be ! only ones t h motion1 h v diff]5t circles2 :y1 !re=e1 may !re n be "s t h peculi> ways ( _! own1 :]e9 !y rec$e f> f ! re/8 ,b t _! c\rses may be kn[n1 x is necess>y to h a collection ( all ! anci5t obs]vations ab\t comets2 = _! appe>ances are s r>e1 t _! orbits are n yet det]m9$2 nor c we z yet f9d :e!r !y h _! p]iods1 or :e!r !y return aga9 9 a c]ta9 ord]40--8,! "t w come10 cont9ues he1 8:]e9 ^! ?+s :i* are n[ hid f u w be discov]$2 :i* obs]vation1 & ! dilig5ce ( aft] ages1 w f9d out4 ,= x is n "o age t is suffici5t = s great matt]s3 ! "t w be :5 po/]ity w wond] t we 7 ignorant ( ?+s s pla92 "o w arise :o w demon/rate 9 :at regions ( space ! comets w&]1 :y !y rec$e s f> f ! o!r planets2 h[ great & :at sort ( bodies !y are40#acb ,! p]iod1 pr$ict$ by ,s5eca1 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 is n yet arriv$4 8,aft] all t has be5 done & writt5 on ! subject ( comets10 says a late writ]1 8we mu/ confess1 t our k ( ^! w&]+ bodies is /ill v imp]fect40 8,x appe>s to me10 says ,la ,l&e1 8t almo/ e ?+ dep5ds on comets4 ,! only ?+ t ,i recomm5d to my correspond5ts1 is to look aft] & att5d to comets3 ! k ( comets is alone want+ to complete ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy40 ,sev]al ages elaps$ be=e ?is pr$iction ( ,s5eca seem$ likely to be fulfill$4 ,ty*o ,brah 0 ! fir/ :o attempt$ to re/ore ! comets to _! prop] rank 9 creation4 ,hav+ dilig5tly obs]v$ ! comet ( #aegg1 & f9d+ t x _h no s5sible diurnal p>allax1 he v prop]ly det]m9$ its true place to be among ! o!r revolv+ bodies 9 ! planet>y regions1 z appe>s by 8 book ,de ,cometa1 #aegg4 ,& ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 f 8 amaz+ discov]ies1 gives ! foll[+ !ory ( comets3 8,!y are10 says he1 8compact1 solid1 fix$1 & durable bodies2 9 fact1 a k9d ( planets1 :i* move 9 v oblique & ecc5tric orbits1 e way ) ! greate/ fre$om2 p]sev]+ 9 _! motions ev5 aga9/ ! c\rse & direction ( ! planets3 & _! tail is a v ?9 & sl5d] vapor1 emitt$ by ! head or nucleus ( ! comet1 ignit$ or heat$ by ! sun40 ,v>i\s conjectures h be5 =m$ conc]n+ ! nature ( ! tails ( comets4 ,dr4 ,hamilton1 ( ,dubl91 9 ! second ( 8 ,philosophical ,essays1 urges sev]al objections aga9/ ! ,newtonian hypo!sis3 he rem>ks1 t1 s9ce ! tail ( a comet1 ?\gh exce$+ly r>e1 meets ) no resi/ance 9 its rapid motion r\nd ! sun 7except s slight a "o z c only cause a v small cond5sation on t side ( x :i* moves =emo/1 & !reby may make x a little bright] ?an ! o!r side71 x _c possibly move 9 a m$ium d5s] & heavi] ?an itself1 & !re=e _c be rais$ up f ! sun by ! sup]ior gravity ( su* a m$ium4 ,& s9ce ! />s se5 ?r\gh all p>ts ( a comet's tail appe> 9 _! prop] places1 & ) _! usual colors1 he inf]s t ! rays ( light suff] no refraction 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! tail2 !re=e1 s9ce bodies reflect & refract light by "o & ! same p[]1 he concludes t ! matt] ( a comet's tail has n ! p[] ( refract+ or reflect+ light1 & is1 ( consequ5ce1 a lucid or self %9+ sub/ance4 ,also f :at a/ronom]s say ( ! spl5dor ( comets' tails1 x is manife/ !y d n %9e ) su* a dull light z w\ld be reflect$ to u by ! cl\ds or vapors at s great a di/ance1 b ) a brisk] ?\gh a glimm]+ light1 su* z w\ld arise f a v ?91 volatile1 burn+ matt]4 ,dr4 ,halley1 speak+ ( ! great /reams ( light 9 ! rem>kable aurora borealis se5 9 #agaf1 says1 8!y s mu* resembl$ ! long tails ( comets1 t at fir/ sight !y might be tak5 = su*30 & aft]w>ds1 8?is light seems to h a great aff9ity to t :i* ! effluvia ( electric bodies emit 9 ! d>k40 ,dr4 ,hamilton improves ^u ^! h9ts3 & s9ce1 z he %[s1 ! tails ( comets1 ! aurora borealis1 & ! electric fluid1 agree rem>kably1 n only 9 _! appe>ance1 b also 9 su* prop]ties z we c obs]ve ( ea* ( !m1 he concludes t !y are sub/ances ( ! same nature4 ,&1 because ! electric matt]1 f its va/ subtility & velocity1 seems capable ( mak+ great excursions f ! planet>y sy/em1 he imag9es t ! sev]al comets1 9 _! long excursions f ! sun 9 all directions1 may ov]take ?is matt]2 & by attract+ x to !mselves may come back replete ) x1 & be+ aga9 heat$ by ! sun1 may disp]se x among ! planets1 & s keep up a circulation ( ?is matt]1 :i* !re is reason to ?9k is necess>y 9 our sy/em4#acc ,comets1 desc5d+ f ! remote p>ts ( ! sy/em ) great rapidity become visible to u 9 ! l[] p>ts ( _! orbits2 & aft] a %ort /ay1 g (f aga9 to va/ di/ances1 & disappe>4 ,!y move ab\t ! sun 9 v ecc5tric ellipses2 & ! velocity ) :i* !y seem to move is v>iable 9 e "p ( _! pa? r\nd ! sun2 :5 ne> to :i* !y appe> to move ) great swiftness1 &1 :5 v remote1 _! motion is sl[4 ,!y are opake bodies1 b ( a mu* great] d5sity ?an ! e>?2 = "s ( !m are heat$ 9 e p]iod to su* a degree1 z w\ld vitrify or dissipate any sub/ance kn[n to u4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton comput$ ! heat ( ! comet1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ye> #afhj1 :5 ne>e/ ! sun1 to be #b1jjj times hott] ?an r$ hot iron1 & t1 be+ ?us heat$1 x mu/ reta9 its heat till x comes r\nd aga91 al?\gh its p]iod %\ld be m ?an #bj1jjj ye>s2 & x is comput$ to be only #ege4 ,! numb] ( ! comets is mu* great] ?an t ( ! planets belong+ to our sy/em4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 till n[1 !re h appe>$ ab\t five hundr$4 ,be=e t "t1 we h acc\nts ( ab\t "o hundr$ o!rs4 ,b1 :5 x is consid]$ t !re may h be5 _m t h n be5 se51 f be+ too ne> ! sun1 f appe>+ 9 moon-light1 f be+ 9 ! o!r hemisph]e1 or f be+ too small1 or f n be+ record$1 ! numb] is probably mu* great]4 ,miss ,h]s*ell1 by means ( ! telescope1 has1 )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 discov]$ sev]al comets4 ,! orbits ( ab\t "o hundr$ comets h be5 calculat$ ) suffici5t accuracy = asc]ta9+ _! id5tity on any future appe>ance4 ,_m ( ^! orbits are incl9$ to ! plane ( ! ecliptic 9 l>ge angles1 & _m ( !m approa* mu* ne>] ! sun ?an ! e>? does4 ,_! motions are also diff]5t f ^? ( ! planets1 "s ( !m be+ direct & o!rs retrograde1 ne>ly half ! numb] mov+ ea* way4 ,! diff]5t motions ( ! comets1 & ! v>i\s incl9ations ( _! orbits to ! plane ( ! ecliptic1 mu/ n be reg>d$ z ! "w ( *ance1 b z calculat$ to answ] b5eficial purposes1 or avoid baneful consequ5ces2 = if ^! orbits _h be5 ne>ly co9cid5t ) t ( ! e>?1 bo? bodies might h arriv$ at ! common po9t ( int]section ( _! orbits at ! same "t2 9 :i* case a d]angem5t ( bo? motions mu/1 at lea/1 h be5 ! necess>y result4#acd ,b1 accord+ to all ! obs]vations t h be5 made respect+ _! pres5t di/ribution & direction1 !re is n ! lea/ reason to appreh5d any su* consequ5ce4 ,! foll[+ table conta9s a li/ ( ! la/ tw5ty-?ree ( ! pr9cipal comets t h be5 obs]v$1 ) ! "t ( pass+ _! p]ihelia1 & _! ne>e/ approa* to ! sun4 ,ne>e/ di/ance ,passage ( ! f ! ,sun 9 ,direction ( ,ye>s4 ,p]ihelion4 ,engli% ,miles4 _! ,motion4 ------ -------------- ---------------- ------------- #agij ,janu>y #ae #ga millions ,retrograde4 #agij ,janu>y #bh #aja ,direct4 #agij ,may #ba #ge ,retrograde4 #agib ,janu>y #ac #abb ,retrograde4 #agib ,decemb] #bg #ia ,retrograde4 #agic ,novemb] #d #ch ,retrograde4 #agic ,novemb] #ah #adb ,direct4 #agie ,decemb] #ae #bc ,direct4 #agif ,april #b #adi ,retrograde4 #agig ,july #i #ej ,retrograde4 #agih ,april #d #df ,direct4 #agih ,decemb] #ca #gc ,retrograde4 #agii ,septemb] #g #gi ,retrograde4 #agii ,decemb] #be #be ,retrograde4 #ahja ,augu/ #h #bb ,retrograde4 #ahjb ,septemb] #i #ajc ,direct4 #ahjd ,febru>y #ac #aja ,direct4 #ahje ,novemb] #ah #ce ,direct4 #ahje ,decemb] #ca #hd ,direct4 #ahjf ,decemb] #bh #ajb ,retrograde4 #ahjg ,septemb] #ah #fa ,direct4 #ahaa ,augu/ #bj #be ,direct4 #ahae ,april #bf #aba ,direct4 ,b ( all ! comets1 ! p]iods ( ?ree only are kn[n ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 be+ f\nd to return at int]vals ( #ge1 #abi1 & #ege ye>s2 & ( ^!1 t :i* appe>$ 9 #afhj is ! mo/ rem>kable4 ,?is comet1 at its greate/ di/ance1 is ab\t #aa1bjj millions ( miles f ! sun1 :ile its lea/ di/ance f ! c5tre ( ! sun is ab\t #dij1jjj miles2 be+ less ?an "o ?ird "p ( ! sun's semi-diamet] f 8 surface4 ,9 t "p ( its orbit :i* is ne>e/ ! sun1 x flies ) ! amaz+ velocity ( #hhj1jjj miles 9 an h\r2 & ! sun1 z se5 f x1 appe>s #ajj degrees 9 bread?1 consequ5tly #dj1jjj times z l>ge z he appe>s to u4 ,! a/oni%+ di/ance t ?is comet runs out into empty space1 naturally sugge/s to our imag9ation ! va/ di/ance betwe5 our sun & ! ne>e/ ( ! fix$ />s1 ( ^: attractions all ! comets mu/ keep cle>1 to return p]iodically & g r\nd ! sun4 ,h[ wond]ful t1 ?\gh ?is body travell$ almo/ two ?\s& times fa/] ?an a cannon ball1 yet x drew aft] x a tail ( fire1 or ( phosphoric gas1 eight millions ( miles 9 l5g?6 ,h[ amaz+ to consid]1 t ?is /up5d\s body1 trav]s+ ! imm5sity ( ! creation ) su* rapidity1 & at ! same "t :eel+ ab\t 9 t l9e :i* its great ,creator prescrib$ to x1 %\ld move ) su* inconceivable velocity1 & at ! same "t ) su* exact regul>ity6 ,h[ spaci\s mu/ ! univ]se be1 t1 gives su* bodies z ^! full play1 )\t suff]+ ! lea/ disord] or confusion by x6 ,) :at a glori\s exhibition mu/ ^? be+s be ent]ta9$1 :o c look into ?is great !atre ( nature1 & see myriads ( ^! trem5d\s objects w&]+ ?r\gh ^? immeasurable dep?s ( !r1 & runn+ _! appo9t$ c\rses6 ,our eyes may h]eaft] be /rong en\gh to comm& ?is magnific5t prospect1 & our und]/&+s able to f9d out ! sev]al uses ( ^! imm5se p>ts ( ! univ]se4 ,9 ! mean "t1 !y are mo/ suitable objects = our imag9ation to contemplate1 t we may =m m ext5sive notions ( inf9ite wisdom & p[]1 & le>n to ?9k humbly ( ourselves1 & ( all ! little works ( human inv5tion4#ace ,! ,fix$ ,/>s are objects ( peculi> int]e/1 & are s d5om9at$1 because !y are obs]v$ always to pres]ve ! same di/ance f ea* o!r2 & are di/+ui%$ f ! planets by _! tw9kl+1 :i* seems to dep5d on ! atmosph]e2 = we are assur$1 t :]e ! air is exce$+ly pure & dry1 ! />s appe> ) a light altoge!r free f sc9tillation4 ,all ! heav5ly bodies1 ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 appe> to move r\nd ! e>?1 9 circles p>allel to ! equ9octial1 once 9 ! compass ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 ?\gh ^! app>5t motions are almo/ entirety to be acc\nt$ = by ! real motions ( ! e>?3 b by f> ! great] numb] ( !m nev] *ange _! relative situations1 ea* 7s long z an obs]v] cont9ues 9 ! same place7 ris+ & sett+ at ! same int]val ( "t1 & at ! same po9ts ( ! horizon2--^! are call$ ! fix$ />s4 ,! fix$ />s1 z appe>s f sev]al consid]ations1 are plac$ at imm5se di/ances f u4 ,mr4 ,exley1 9 a fri5dly communication1 says1 8,x %\ld be notic$1 t ! di/ances ( ! fix$ />s h nev] yet be5 discov]$2 n inde$ s mu* = want ( a me?od1 z = want ( a base l9e suffici5tly l>ge = ?is admeasurem5t4 ,! diamet] ( ! e>?'s orbit is ab\t "o hundr$ & n9ety millions ( miles2 & ! fix$ />s1 view$ f ! opposite ends ( ?is ext5sive base l9e or diamet]1 h no s5sible p>allax1 b all appe> 9 ! v same situations1 & ( ! same magnitudes2 & z ?is is ! greate/ l9e to ! extremities ( :i* we c h access1 x is v probable we %all ev] rema9 9 ignorance ( ! true di/ances ( ! fix$ />s4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is fully asc]ta9$ by ! obs]vations :i* h be5 made to f9d ! p>allax ( ! />s1 :i* is1 t !y are s imm5sely di/ant f our planet>y regions1 t ! :ole sol> sy/em1 consi/+ ( ! sun & planets1 ) _! satellites1 & ! comets1 w\ld1 if view$ f ! ne>e/ fix$ />1 appe> z cr[d$ into "o s+le po9t ( space1 :i* is also kn[n f o!r obs]vations4 ,h[ a/oni%+ly ext5sive is ! view ( ! univ]se :i* su* obs]vations furni%60 ,our e>? is at s great a di/ance f ! sun1 t if se5 f !nce1 x w\ld appe> no bigg] ?an a po9t1 al?\gh its diamet] is #g1ied miles4 ,yet t di/ance is s small1 comp>$ ) ! e>?'s remote situation f ! fix$ />s1 t if ! orbit 9 :i* ! e>? moves r\nd ! sun 7 ! circumf]5ce ( a globe1 t globe1 se5 f ! ne>e/ />1 w\ld likewise appe> no bigg] ?an a po9t1 al?\gh1 x is at lea/ #aij1jjj1jjj miles 9 diamet]4 ,= ! e>? 9 go+ r\nd ! sun is #aij1jjj1jjj miles ne>] to "s ( ! />s at "o "t ( ! ye> ?an at ano!r1 & yet _! app>5t magnitudes1 situations1 & di/ances f "o ano!r /ill rema9 ! same2 & be+ view$ ?r\gh a telescope :i* magnifies above #bjj times1 !y /ill appe> z m]e po9ts3 :i* proves !m to be at lea/ #djj1jjj times fur!r f u ?an we are f ! sun4 ,x is n to be imag9$1 t all ! />s are plac$ 9 "o concave surface1 s z to be equally di/ant f u2 b t !y are scatt]$ at imm5se di/ances f "o ano!r ?r\gh unlimit$ space4 ,s t !re may be z great a di/ance betwe5 any two neighbor+ />s1 z betwe5 our sun & ^? :i* are ne>e/ to him4 ,!re=e an obs]v]1 :o is ne>e/ any fix$ />1 w look on x alone z a real sun2 & consid] ! re/ z s _m %9+ po9ts1 plac$ app>5tly at equal di/ances f him 9 ! firmam5t4 ,! /> ne>e/ to u1 or ! l>ge/ 9 appe>ance1 is ,sirius1 or ! ,dog ,/>1 & a/ronom]s h calculat$ f indubitable pr9ciples1 t its di/ance f u is consid]ably m ?an two millions ( millions ( miles6 ,! app>5t magnitude ( ,sirius has be5 comput$ at #bg1jjj times less ?an ! sun1 &1 !re=e1 suppos+ _! magnitudes equal1 is #bg1jjj times m di/ant4 ,if s1 z our e>? is n9ety-five millions ( miles f ! sun1 t multipli$ by tw5ty-sev5 ?\s&1 w give two millions ( millions1 & an addition ( #efe ?\s& millions1 = ! di/ance ( ?is /> f ! sun4#acf ,our e>?1 9 mov+ r\nd ! sun1 is #aie1jjj1jjj miles ne>] to ?is /> 9 "o "p ( its orbit1 ?an 9 ! opposite "o2 & yet ! magnitude ( ! /> appe>s n to be 9 ! lea/ alt]$ or affect$ by x4 ,a cannon-ball fly+ f !nce at ! rate ( #djj miles 9 an h\r1 w\ld n rea* u 9 #gcb1jjj ye>s6 ,! di/ance ( ! /> ,draconis appe>s1 by ,dr4 ,bradley's obs]vations1 to be at lea/ #djj1jjj times t ( ! sun1 & ! di/ance ( ! ne>e/ fix$ /> n less ?an #hj1jjj diamet]s ( ! e>?'s annual orbit2 t is1 ! di/ance ( ! e>? f ! =m] is to #djj1jjj #ie1jjj1jjj #ch1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1 & ! latt] n less ?an #g1fjj1jjj1jjj1jjj4 ,z ^! di/ances are mu* too great to be compreh5d$ by ! human imag9ation1 we %all1 p]haps1 obta9 a bett] idea ( !m by comp>+ !m ) ! velocity ( "s mov+ body1 by :i* !y may1 9 "s way1 be e/imat$4 ,! swifte/ motion we "k ( is t ( light1 :i* passes f ! sun to ! e>? 9 ab\t eight m9utes1 or1 at ! rate ( #bjj1jjj miles ne>ly 9 a second ( "t3 & yet ev5 light w\ld be m ?an six ye>s 9 trav]s+ ! fir/ space1 & a ye> & a qu>t] ne>ly1 9 pass+ f ! ne>e/ fix$ /> to ! e>?4 ,aga91 a cannon ball1 mov+ ) its initial or greate/ velocity ( ab\t t5 miles 9 a m9ute1 w\ld be m ?an sev5 millions ( ye>s 9 pass+ f ! /> ,draconis to ! e>?4 ,! celebrat$ ,m4 ,huyg5s c>ri$ 8 ?\ghts s f> ^u ?is subject1 z to believe t !re might be />s at su* inconceivable di/ances f our e>?1 t _! light1 ?\gh x is kn[n to travel at ! rate ( #ab1jjj1jjj miles 9 a m9ute1 has n yet rea*$ u1 s9ce ! creation ( ! _w6 8,h[ di/ant "s ( ! nocturnal suns6 ,s di/ant1 says ! sage1 'tw]e n absurd ,to d\bt1 if beams1 set out at nature's bir?1 ,are yet arriv$ at ?is s =eign _w2 ,?\gh no?+ half s rapid z _! flight40 ,& ,mr4 ,addison obs]ves1 t ?is ?\ght ( ,mr4 ,huyg5s is f> f be+ extravagant1 :5 we consid] t ! univ]se is ! "w ( inf9ite p[]1 prompt$ by inf9ite goodness1 hav+ an inf9ite space :]e9 to ex]t itself1 s t our imag9ations c set no b\nds to x4 ,! magnitudes ( ! />s appe> to be v diff]5t f "o ano!r2 :i* diff]5ce may probably arise1 p>tly f a div]sity 9 _! real magnitude1 b *iefly1 no d\bt1 f _! diff]5t di/ances4 ,h5ce x is1 t ! fix$ />s h be5 divid$1 = ! sake ( di/9ction1 into six ord]s or classes4 ,^? :i* appe> l>ge/1 are consid]$ z />s ( ! fir/ magnitude2 ! next to !m 9 lu/re1 />s ( ! second magnitude2 & s on1 ?r\gh ! diff]5t gradations1 to ! smalle/ t are visible to ! nak$ eye1 :i* are said to be ( ! six? magnitude4 ,?is di/ribution hav+ be5 made long be=e ! inv5tion ( telescopes1 ! />s :i* _c be se5 )\t ! assi/ance ( ^! in/rum5ts1 are di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( telescopic />s4 ,bay]1 besides accurately di/+ui%+ ! relative size & situation ( ea* />1 m>k$ ! />s 9 ea* con/ellation ) ! lett]s ( ! ,greek & ,roman alphabets1 sett+ ! fir/ ,greek lett] to ! fir/ or pr9cipal /> 9 ea* con/ellation1 to ! second 9 ord]2 !n1 :5 ! ,greek alphabet 0 gone ov]1 he pass$ to a1 b1 c1 ( ! ,roman1 & s on4 ,?is useful me?od ( not+ & describ+ ! />s has be5 adopt$ by all a/ronom]s s9ce ! "t ( ,bay]2 & !y h fur!r enl>g$ x1 by add+ ! ord9al numb]s #a1 #b1 #c1 c1 :5 any con/ellation conta9s m />s ?an c be m>k$ by ! two alphabets4 ,z x w\ld be impossible to furni% names = all ! fix$ />s1 & reta9 ^? names 9 ! memory2 x became necess>y n only to asc]ta9 _! exact relative situations1 b to inv5t "s me?od by :i* ! pr9cipal "p ( ! />s :i* c be se5 may be kn[n1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to a sep>ate "n = ea*4 ,anci5t a/ronom]s =m$ a commodi\s plan ( arrang+ ! fix$ />s 9 con/ellations "u names & figures ( v>i\s p]sonages1 celebrat$ 9 antiquity1 & ev5 ( birds1 bea/s1 fi%es1 c4 ,?is division ( ! heav5s into con/ellations is obvi\sly v anci5t2 = "s ( !m are m5tion$ by ,hesiod & ,hom]1 bo? ( :om probably fl\ri%$ ne>ly #ajjj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,arcturus1 ,orion1 & ! ,pleiades1 are twice m5tion$ 9 ! book ( ,job3 & 9 ! prophecy ( ,amos1 compos$ ab\t #djj ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 ! sev5 />s & ,orion are m5tion$4 ,z ! k ( ! />s became m ext5sive1 ! numb] ( ! con/ellations 0 increas$2 & at ! same "t m />s 7 introduc$ into ea* con/ellation4 ,su* ( ! />s z 7 n compreh5d$ "u any con/ellations1 7 by ! anci5t a/ronom]s1 call$ un=m$ />s4 ,! mod]n a/ronom]s h r$uc$ n ^! un=m$ />s only1 b _m o!r />s1 into new figures2 & x is probable t o!r con/ellations w /ill cont9ue to be inv5t$4#acg ,) respect to ! numb] ( fix$ />s1 !re h be5 sev]al acc\nts1 giv5 by diff]5t p]sons1 at v>i\s times4 ,! celebrat$ ,hipp>*us1 ( ,rhodes1 #abj ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 =m$ a catalogue ( #a1jbb />s2 to :i* ,ptolemy add$ f\r m4 ,ulug ,beigh1 ! gr&son ( ,tam]lane1 =m$ a catalogue ( #a1jag />s4 ,ty*o ,brah's catalogue only ext5d$ to #ggg2 b he took c>e to asc]ta9 all _! places4 ,kepl]'s catalogue am\nt$ to #a1afc1 :i* ,ricciolus enl>g$ to #a1dfh4 ,bay]us ext5d$ 8 catalogue fur!r ?an any ( 8 pr$ecessors1 hav+ describ$ ! places ( #a1gbe4 ,hevelius increas$ ! catalogue to #a1hhh4 ,flam/e$ enl>g$ ^! catalogues to ! numb] ( ab\t #c1jjj4 ,b by means ( ! telescope1 :i* af=ds u a glimpse ( inf9ite space1 & pres5ts to our view myriads ( worlds1 & sy/ems ( worlds1 by :i* x is fill$1 ! numb] ( ! />s is a/oni%+ly increas$4 ,galileo f\nd eighty />s 9 ! space ( ! belt ( ,orion's sword1 & ,f4 de ,rheita obs]v$ m ?an #b1jjj 9 ! :ole con/ellation ( ,orion1 ( :i* n m ?an sev5ty or eighty c ev] be se5 )\t glasses4 ,dr4 ,hook reckon$ sev5ty-eight />s 9 ! s+le con/ellation ( ! ,pleiades2 & ,f4 de ,rheita1 ) a bett] telescope1 discov]$ #ahh3 :]eas we _c reckon above sev5 or eight se5 by ! nak$ eye4 ,at ! pres5t p]iod1 ! positions ( #fj1jjj fix$ />s h be5 exactly record$1 & !y are g5]ally arrang$ accord+ to ! size !y appe>2 #bj ( ! l>ge/ are call$ />s ( ! fir/ magnitude2 #fe are ( ! second magnitude2 #bje ( ! ?ird2 #dhe ( ! f\r?2 #fdh ( ! fif?2 & ab\t #a1ejj ( ! six? magnitude2 ! rema9d]1 be+ invisible to ! nak$ eye1 are call$ telescopic />s4 ,:]e ! />s are 9 great abundance1 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell supposes !y =m prim>ies & second>ies1 t is1 suns revolv+ ab\t suns1 z planets revolve ab\t ! sun 9 our sy/em4 ,he consid]s t ?is mu/ be ! case 9 :at is call$ ! milky way1 ! />s be+ !re 9 prodigi\s quantity4 ,( ?is he gives ! foll[+ pro(3 on ,augu/ #bb1 #agib1 he f\nd t 9 =ty-"o m9utes ( "t1 n less ?an #beh1jjj />s _h pass$ ?r\gh ! field ( view 9 8 telescope6 ,dr4 ,*alm]s obs]ves1 ,if we ask ! numb] ( suns & ( sy/ems--! unassi/$ eye ( man c take 9 a ?\s&1 & ! be/ telescope :i* ! g5ius ( man has con/ruct$ c take 9 eighty millions4 ,?us1 by ! help ( telescopes1 we discov] a va/ multitude ( />s :i* are invisible to ! nak$ eye2 & ! bett] ! glasses are1 /ill ! m become visible2 s t we c set no limits ei!r to _! numb]1 or to _! di/ances4 8,myriads beyond ) bl5d$ rays inflame ,! milky way1 ^: /ream ( vivid light1 ,p\r$ f innum]able f\nta9s r\nd1 ,fl[s trembl+1 wave on wave1 f sun to sun1 ,& :it5s ! long pa? to heav5's extreme3 ,di/+ui%$ tract60 ,f an att5tive exam9ation ( ! />s ) good telescopes1 _m t appe> only s+le to ! nak$ eye1 are f\nd to consi/ ( two1 ?ree1 or m />s4 ,! late ,dr4 ,maskelyne obs]v$ ! ,h]culis to be a d\ble />1 & o!r a/ronom]s h discov]$ _m m to be d\ble4 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell has f\nd #gjj2 ( ^! ab\t =ty _h be5 obs]v$ be=e4 ,! foll[+ w s]ve z a specim51 & af=d ! obs]v] a few objects = 8 att5tion4 ,h]culis is a beautiful d\ble />3 ! two bodies are app>5tly unequal3 ! l>ge/ is r$1 & ! smalle/ ( a bluei% color incl9+ to gre54 ,&rom$1 d\ble1 v unequal3 ! l>g] ( a r$di% :ite color2 ! small] a f9e bright sky blue1 incl9+ to gre54 ,lyr1 quadruple1 unequal :ite1 b ?ree out ( ! f\r incl9$ to r$4 ,bootis1 d\ble1 v unequal1 l>g]1 ( a r$di% color2 ! small] is blue1 or ( a fa9t lilac color4 ,lyr1 d\ble1 v unequal2 ! l>g] is a f9e brilliant :ite1 ! small] dusky4 ,new />s sometimes appe>1 :ile o!rs disappe>4 ,sev]al />s m5tion$ by anci5t a/ronom]s are n n[ to be f\nd3 sev]al are n[ visible to ! nak$ eye1 :i* are n m5tion$ 9 anci5t catalogues2 & "s />s h sudd5ly appe>$1 & aga9 aft] a consid]able int]val vani%$4 ,=tunio ,liceti1 a celebrat$ physician1 :o di$ 9 #afef1 9 ,padua1 publi%$ a treatise1 entitl$1 8,de novis ,a/ris et ,cometis40 ,9 x he gives u an ample acc\nt ( ! sev]al new />s spok5 ( by ! anci5ts1 among :i* he m5tions t rem>kable "o :i* appe>$ ,a4,d4 #chi1 ne> ! ,eagle4 ,x 0 z bright z ! planet ,v5us1 = ! space ( ?ree weeks1 b aft]w>ds entirely disappe>$4 ,9 ! n9? c5tury1 ! ,arabian a/ronom]s1 ,massahala1 ,haly1 & ,albumaz>1 obs]v$ a new /> 9 ! #ae? degree ( ,scorpio1 ^: light equall$ t ( ! moon 9 h] fir/ octant3 x 0 visible = f\r mon?s4 ,cyprianus ,leovitius relates1 t 9 ! reign ( ! emp]or ,o?o1 ,a4,d4 #idf1 a new /> 0 se5 betwe5 ! con/ellations ( ,cepheus & ,cassiopeia2 & also t ano!r 0 se5 ,a4,d4 #abfd1 v ne> ! same "p ( ! heav5s1 :i* _h no prop] motion4 ,"o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! new />s is t discov]$ by ,cornelius ,jans51 ,novemb] #h1 #aegb1 9 ! *air ( ,cassiopeia3 x exce$$ ,sirius 9 brilliancy1 & ,jupit] 9 app>5t magnitude2 x gradually decay$2 &1 aft] sixte5 mon?s1 disappe>$4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,augu/1 #aeif1 ,david ,fabricius obs]v$ a new /> 9 ! neck ( ! ,:ale1 & x disappe>$ aft] ,octob] 9 ! same ye>1 b 0 suppos$ to be aga9 discov]$ 9 ! ye> #afcg4 ,9 ! ye> #afjj1 ,william ,jans5 discov]$ a *angeable /> 9 ! neck ( ! ,swan4 ,x 0 se5 by ,kepl]1 :o wrote a treatise ^u x1 & det]m9$ its place to be #af #ah 1 & #ee #cj or #cb nor? latitude4 ,ricciolus saw x 9 #afaf1 #afba1 & #afbd4 ,cass9i saw x aga9 9 #afee2 x increas$ till #affj2 !n decreas$1 & at ! end ( #affa x disappe>$4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #affe1 x appe>$ aga91 & disappe>$ 9 #afha4 ,9 #agae x appe>$1 z x does at pres5t1 & is ( ! six? magnitude4 ,9 #afhf1 ,kir*] obs]v$ 9 ! ,swan1 to be a *angeable /> 9 ! neck ( t con/ellation2 &1 f tw5ty ye>s' obs]vations1 ! p]iod ( ! return ( ! same phases 0 f\nd to be #dje days4 ,9 #afjd1 ,kepl] discov]$ a new /> ne> ! heel ( ,s]p5t>ius1 s v brilliant t x exce$$ e fix$ />1 & ev5 ,jupit]1 9 app>5t magnitude4 ,= m rec5t discov]ies1 see ,dr4 ,h]s*ell's pap]1 8,on ! prop] ,motion ( ! ,sun & ! ,sol> ,sy/em1 ) an acc\nt ( ! sev]al *anges t h happ5$ among ! fix$ />s s9ce ! "t ( ,mr4 ,flam/e$10 vol4 lxxiii1 ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 or ! fifte5? ( ! ,abridgm5t4 ,all ! />s seem to h a common & g5]al motion ab\t ! pole ( ! ecliptic1 at ! rate ( a degree 9 sev5ty-two ye>s2 ?is is occasion$ by ! precession ( ! equ9octial po9ts4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is app>5t motion1 ! con/ellations *ange _! positions 9 reg>d to ! equ9octial po9ts4 ,h5ce x is1 t ! con/ellation ,aries n[ is 9 ! sign ,taurus1 & ,taurus occupies ! sign ,gem9i4 ,x has be5 ! common op9ion t ! fix$ />s h no real motion1 b ! accurate obs]vations ( mod]n a/ronom]s %[1 t "s ( !m h a motion peculi> to !mselves1 by :i* !y sl[ly *ange _! places4 ,?us ,arcturus is f\nd to approa* ! ecliptic ab\t f\r m9utes 9 #ajj ye>s2 & its di/ance f a small /> ne> x has be5 s5sibly *ang$ dur+ ! la/ c5tury4 ,sirius seems to rec$e f ! ecliptic ab\t two m9utes p] c5tury4 ,simil> motions h be5 obs]v$ 9 ,aldeb>an1 ,rigel1 ! ea/]n %\ld] ( ,orion1 ! ,goat1 ! ,eagle1 c4 ,o!r />s h be5 obs]v$ to h a motion 9 diff]5t directions4 ,p]haps all ! />s h simil> motions1 :i* are p]=m$ by c]ta9 fix$ laws 9 spaces1 :i*1 ?\gh v l>ge 9 reality1 yet1 because ( _! imm5se di/ance1 subt5d at ! e>? angles s v small1 z 9 "s cases to be q imp]ceptible1 :ile 9 o!r cases !y may be obs]v$1 z 9 ! />s above-m5tion$2 & on ?is rational supposition ! appe>ance & disappe>ance1 & v>iations 9 magnitude1 ( "s />s may be acc\nt$ =4 ,! fix$ />s d n appe> to be all regul>ly dissem9at$ ?r\gh ! heav5s1 b ! great] "p ( !m are collect$ into clu/]s2 & x requires a l>ge magnify+ p[]1 ) a great quantity ( light1 to di/+ui% sep>ately ! />s :i* compose ^! clu/]s4 ,) a small magnify+ p[]1 & small quantity ( light1 !y only appe> z m9ute :iti% spots1 mu* l small light cl\ds1 & !nce !y are call$ nebul4 ,! numb] ( nebul 0 =m]ly imag9$ to be ab\t #ajc2 b ,dr4 ,h]s*ell1 e>ly 9 ! ye> #aghd1 _h discov]$ #dfi m1 & s9ce !n has giv5 a catalogue ( #b1jjj nebul :i* he has discov]$4 ,! mo/ c>eful & accurate obs]vations give great reason to conclude1 t !y all consi/ ( l>ge masses or clu/]s ( />s at prodigi\s di/ances f our sy/em4 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell is ( op9ion ! />ry heav5 is replete ) ^! nebul1 & t ea* ( !m is a di/9ct & sep>ate sy/em indep5d5t ( ! re/4 ,! milky way he supposes to be t p>ticul> nebul 9 :i* our sun is plac$2 &1 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! appe>ance x exhibits1 he supposes its figure to be mu* m ext5d$ t[>ds ! app>5t zone ( illum9ation1 ?an 9 any o!r direction2 :i* is a supposition t he ?9ks all[able1 f ! obs]vations he has made on ! figures ( o!r nebul4 ,t !re are o!r worlds1 beside our e>?1 inhabit$ by rational be+s1 endu$ ) bodily con/itutions adapt$ to ! nature & economy ( ! respective planets = :i* !y are de/9$1 is a conjecture t approa*es ! ne>e/ to c]ta9ty4 ,!re is sc>cely any d\bt n[ rema9+ among/ philosoph]s1 t our moon is a habitable globe4 ,! mo/ accurate obs]vations t h be5 made ) ! mo/ p[]ful telescopes1 h confirm$ ! op9ion4 ,! surface ( ! moon seems to be div]sifi$ by high m\nta9s1 l>ge valleys1 & small & l>g] collections ( wat]2 consequ5tly %e resembles our e>?2 & !re c be no d\bt t our e>? s]ves z a moon to ! moon1 ^: inhabitants1 comp>+ x ) ! sun1 may well say1 ----8gives u 8 blaze aga9 ,void ( its flame1 & %$s a s(t] day20 :i* simil>ity exi/+ betwe5 !m1 is a presumptive pro( t ! moon1 l our e>?1 is a commodi\s habitation = creatures end[$ ) capacity = kn[+ & ador+ _! b5efic5t ,creator4 ,by a v correct analogy we are l$ to inf]1 says a le>n$ au?or1 t all ! planets & _! satellites or att5dant moons1 are inhabit$2 = matt] seems only to exi/ = ! sake ( intellig5t be+s4 ,& ,dr4 ,h]s*ell's discov]ies h1 by ! g5]al cons5t ( philosoph]s1 add$1 besides ! ,georgian planet1 a new habitable _w to our sy/em1 :i* is ! ,,sun4 ,to an att5tive m9d x w appe> highly probable1 t ! planets ( our sy/em1 & _! moons1 are mu* ( ! same nature ) our e>?1 & de/9$ = ! l purposes2 = !y are solid opaque globes1 capable ( support+ animals & vegetables4 ,"s ( !m are bigg]1 "s less1 & o!rs ab\t ! size ( our e>?4 ,!y move r\nd ! sun1 z ! e>? does1 9 a %ort] or long] "t1 accord+ to _! respective di/ances f him3 & h1 :]e x w\ld n be inconv5i5t1 regul> returns ( summ] & w9t]1 spr+ & autumn4 ,!y h w>m] & cold] climates1 z ! v>i\s productions ( our e>? require3 &1 9 su* z af=d a possibility ( discov]+ x1 we obs]ve a regul> motion r\nd _! axis l t ( our e>?1 caus+ an alt]nate return ( day & night2 :i* is necess>y = labor1 re/1 & vegetation1 & t all _! surfaces may be expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun4 ,c a p]son :o att5ds to ! va/ magnitude ( ! ?ree planets1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 & ,h]s*ell or ! ,georgium ,sidus1 & comp>es ! sy/ems ( moons toge!r :i* belong to !m1 br+ himself to ?9k1 t an inf9itely wise ,creator %\ld dispose ( all 8 animals & vegetables "h1 leav+ ! o!r planets de/itute ( liv+ & rational creatures8 ,to suppose t he _h any view to our b5efit 9 creat+ ^! moons1 & giv+ !m _! motions r\nd _! respective prim>ies2 to imag9e1 t he int5d$ ^! va/ bodies = any advantage to u1 :5 he well knew1 t !y c\ld n be se5 b by a few a/ronom]s look+ ?r\gh telescopes2 & t he gave to ! planets regul> returns ( day & night1 & diff]5t seasons to all :]e !y w\ld be conv5i5t1 b ( no mann] ( s]vice to u1 except only :at imm$iately conc]ns our own planet1 ! e>?2 to imag9e1 ,i say1 t1 he did all ?is on our acc\nt1 w\ld1 ,i presume1 be *>g+ him ) hav+ done mu* 9 va93 & be z absurd1 z to fancy t he has creat$ a little sun1 & a planet>y sy/em )9 ! %ell ( our e>?1 & int5d$ !m = our use4 8,z well might ! m9ute/ emmet say1 ,t ,caucasus 0 rais$ to pave 8 way ,! snail1 t ,lebanon's ext5d$ wood ,0 de/9'd only = 8 walk & food4 ,! vile/ cockle1 gap+ on ! coa/1 ,t r\nds ! ample seas1 z well may boa/1 ,! craggy rock projects above ! sky1 ,t he 9 safety at its foot may lie2 ,& ! :ole ocean's conflu5t wat]s swell1 ,only to qu5* 8 ?ir/1 & move & blan* 8 %ell40 ,^! consid]ations am\nt to little less ?an a positive pro(1 t all ! planets are inhabit$3 = if !y are n1 :y all ?is c>e 9 furni%+ !m ) s _m moons1 to supply ^? ) light :i* are at ! great] di/ances f ! sun8 ,d we n see1 t ! fur!r a planet is f ! sun1 ! great] app>atus x has = t purpose8 ,su* ( ! planets z are mo/ remote f ! sun1 & !re=e enjoy lea/ ( 8 light1 h t defici5cy made up by sev]al moons1 :i* con/antly accompany1 & revolve ab\t !m1 z our moon revolves r\nd our e>?4 ,s t if ! m di/ant planets h ! sun's light 9 less proportion by day ?an we1 !y h an addition made to x morn+ & ev5+ by "o or m ( _! moons1 & a great] proportion ( light dur+ ! night4 ,we "k t ! e>? goes r\nd ! sun1 & turns r\nd ^u its own axis1 to produce ! vicissitudes ( summ] & w9t] by ! =m]1 & ( day & night by ! latt] motion1 = ! b5efit ( its inhabitants3 may we n !n fairly conclude1 by p>ity ( reason1 t ! end or design ( all ! o!r planets is ! same8 ,& is n ?is agreeable to ! beautiful h>mony :i* exi/s ?r\gh\t ! works ( nature8 ,surely x is6 & x raises 9 u ! mo/ magnific5t ideas ( ! supreme ,be+1 :o is e :]e1 & at all times pres5t2 display+ 8 p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness1 among all 8 creatures2 & di/ribut+ happ9ess to innum]able be+s ( v>i\s ranks6 ,:5 we consid] ! inf9ite p[] & goodness ( ,god2 ! latt] incl9+1 ! =m] enabl+ him to make creatures suit$ to all /ates & circum/ances2 t matt] exi/s only = ! sake ( intellig5t be+s2 & t :]ev] we see x1 we always f9d x pregnant ) life1 or necess>ily subs]vi5t !reto2 ! numb]less species1 ! a/oni%+ div]sity ( animals 9 e>?1 air1 wat]1 & ev5 on o!r animals2 e blade ( grass1 e t5d] leaf1 e natural fluid1 sw>m+ ) life2 & e "o ( ^! enjoy+ su* gratifications z ! nature & /ate ( ea* requires3 :5 we reflect also1 t "s c5turies ago1 till exp]i5ce undeceiv$ u1 a great "p ( ! e>? 0 judg$ un9habitable2 ! ,torrid ,zone1 by reason ( excessive heat1 & ! two ,frigid ,zones because ( _! intol]able cold2 x seems highly probable1 t ^! num]\s & l>ge masses ( ! planets are n de/itute ( be+s capable ( contemplat+ ) wond]1 & ackn[l$g+ ) gratitude1 ! wisdom1 symmetry1 & beauty ( ! creation4 ,x is an und\bt$ tru?1 t :]ev] ,god ex]ts 8 p[]1 !re also he manife/s 8 wisdom & goodness4 ,f :at we "k ( our own sy/em1 x may be reasonably conclud$1 t all ! re/ are ) equal wisdom contriv$1 situat$1 & provid$ ) accommodations = rational inhabitants4 ,tak+ a survey ( ! sy/em to :i* we belong2 ! only "o accessible to u2 f !nce we are ! bett] enabl$ to judge ( ! nature & end ( ! o!r sy/ems ( ! univ]se4 ,= al?\gh !re is almo/ an inf9ite v>iety 9 ! p>ts ( ! creation :i* we h opportunities ( exam9+1 yet !re is a g5]al analogy runn+ ?r\gh & connect+ all ! p>ts into "o s*eme1 "o design1 "o :ole6 ,! />s1 be+ at su* imm5se di/ances f ! sun1 _c possibly receive f him s /rong a light z !y seem to h2 nor any brightness suffici5t to make !m visible to u4 ,= ! sun's rays mu/ be scatt]$ & dissipat$ be=e !y rea* su* remote objects1 t !y c nev] be transmitt$ back to our eyes1 s z to r5d] ^! objects visible by reflection4 8,i laun* into ! trackless deeps ( space1 ,:]e1 burn+ r\nd1 t5 ?\s& suns appe> ,( eld] beam1 :i* ask no leave to %9e ,( our t]re/rial />1 nor borr[ light ,f ! pr\d reg5t ( our scanty day40 ,! />s1 !re=e1 %9e ) _! own native & unborr[$ lu/re1 z ! sun does2 & s9ce ea* p>ticul> />1 z well z ! sun1 is conf9$ to a p>ticul> portion ( space1 x is pla91 t ! />s are ( ! same nature ) ! sun4 ,x is n probable t ! ,almighty1 :o always acts ) inf9ite wisdom1 & does no?+ 9 va91 %\ld create s _m suns1 fit = s _m important purposes1 & place !m at su* di/ances f "o ano!r1 )\t prop] objects ne> en\gh to be b5efit$ by _! influ5ces4 ,:oev] imag9es !y 7 creat$ only to give a fa9t glimm]+ light to ! inhabitants ( ?is globe1 mu/ h a v sup]ficial k ( a/ronomy1 & a mean op9ion ( ! ,div9e wisdom3 s9ce1 by a mu* less ex]tion ( creat+ p[]1 ,god c\ld h giv5 to our e>? consid]ably m light by "o s+le additional moon4 ,s9ce ! fix$ />s are prodigi\s globes ( light & heat1 l our sun1 & at inconceivable di/ances f "o ano!r1 z well z f u1 x is reasonable to conclude !y are made = ! same purposes t ! sun is2 ea* to be/[ light1 heat1 & produce vegetation1 on a c]ta9 numb] ( inhabit$ planets1 kept by gravitation )9 ! sph]e ( its activity4 ,in/ead !n ( "o sun1 & "o _w only1 9 ! univ]se1 z ! unskilful 9 a/ronomy imag9e1 t sci5ce discov]s to u su* an inconceivable numb] ( suns1 sy/ems1 & worlds1 disp]s$ ?r\gh b\ndless space1 t if our sun1 ) all ! planets1 moons1 & comets belong+ to x1 7 annihilat$1 !y w\ld ) difficulty be miss$1 by an eye t c\ld take 9 ! :ole creation2 ! space !y possess be+ comp>atively s small t x w\ld sc>ce be a s5sible blank 9 ! univ]se1 al?\gh ,h]s*ell1 or ! ,georgium ,sidus1 ! mo/ remote ( our planets1 revolves ab\t ! sun 9 an orbit ^: mean di/ance f ! sun is #a1hbb1ege1bbh miles1 & "s ( our comets make excursions to an amaz+ di/ance beyond ! b\nds ( t planet3 & yet1 !y are incomp>ably ne>] to ! sun ?an to any ( ! />s2 z is evid5t f _! keep+ cle> ( ! attractive p[] ( all ! />s1 & return+ p]iodically by ! virtue ( ! sun's attraction4 8,9 ! imm5sity ( ,god's creation10 says a le>n$ au?or1 8we may readily conceive "o sy/em ( heav5ly bodies1 & o!rs beyond !m1 & o!rs /ill 9 endless progression1 ?r\gh ! :ole vortex ( space6 ,e /> 9 ! va/ abyss ( nature be+ a sun1 ) its peculi> & num]\s att5dant worlds4 ,?us !re may be sy/ems ( sy/ems1 9 endless gradation1 up to ! ?rone ( ,god60 8,oh1 = a telescope ,,8 ,,?rone to rea*6 ,tell me ye le>n'd on e>?1 or ble/ above6 ,:]e y\r great ,ma/]'s orb8 ,8 planets :]e8 ,on nature's ,alps ,i /& ,& see a ?\s& firmam5ts b5ea?6 ,a ?\s& sy/ems z a ?\s& gra9s6 ,ea* ( ^! ,,/>s is a religi\s h\se2 ,i saw _! alt>s smoke1 _! inc5se rise1 ,& he>d ,hosannas r+ ?r\gh ev'ry sph]e2 ,a sem9>y fraught ) future gods6 ,oh1 :at a root6 ,oh1 :at a bran* is "h6 ,oh1 :at a ,fa!r6 ,:at a family6 ,worlds1 sy/ems1 & creations6---- ,& creations ,9 "o agglom]at$ clu/] hung1 ,great ,v9e6 on ,,!e2 on ,,!e ! clu/] hangs2 ,! filial clu/]6 inf9itely spread ,9 gl[+ globes1 ) v>i\s be+ fraught2 ,& dr9ks 7nect>e\s draught67 immortal life60 ,:at an augu/6 :at an amaz+ conception1 if human imag9ation c conceive x1 does ?is give ( ! works ( ! ,creator6 ,?\s&s ( ?\s&s ( suns1 multipli$ )\t end1 & rang$ all ar\nd u1 at imm5se di/ances f ea* o!r1 att5d$ by t5 ?\s& times t5 ?\s& worlds1 all 9 rapid motion1 yet calm1 regul>1 & h>moni\s1 inv>iably keep+ ! pa?s prescrib$ !m2 & ^! worlds peopl$ ) myriads ( intellig5t creatures1 =m$ = endless progression 9 p]fection & felicity4 ,if s mu* p[]1 wisdom1 goodness1 & magnific5ce1 is display$ 9 ! mat]ial creation1 :i* is ! lea/ consid]able "p ( ! univ]se1 h[ great1 h[ wise1 h[ good mu/ ,he be1 :o made & gov]ns ! :ole6#ach ,! p]suasion t rational be+s inhabit o!r worlds1 has a p[]ful t5d5cy to excite our curiosity4 8,ye sp>kl+ isles ( light t /ud ! sea ,( empyrean e!r6 ,ye abodes ,( unkn[n myriads1 spirits1 or 9 b&s ,held ( corporeal frame6 ,fa9 w\ld my s\l ,a ?ir/ = k unreveal'd to man1 ,"q y\r habitants1 & fa9 w\ld he> ,a voice responsive f y\r di/ant b\rn4 ,tell1 tell me :o possess y\r radiant climes2 ,:at are _! =ms1 _! faculties1 _! hopes1 ,_! fe>s1 if subject or to hope or fe>8 ,:at fond pursuits1 :at animat+ toils ,div]sify exi/5ce ) delight8 ,rove !y 9 c\rse arial unconf9$ ,f sph]e to sph]e1 ) int]*ange ( joy ,height5+ _! mutual bliss2 or dwell !y fix'd1 ,ea* 9 8 native solit>y orb1 ,unconsci\s ( ! lot ( neighbor+ worlds8 ,:at homage1 :at returns ( grateful love ,yield !y to ,him :o made !m8 ,/& !y fa/ ,9 undecay+ bless$ness1 secure ,f risk ( loss3 or tread !y yet ! /age ,( p]il\s probation8 ,ha? s9 won ,conque/s ?r\gh disob$i5ce o'er ^? ho/s ,9 y\r bright regions yawn ! gates ( ,dea?8 ,falls he1 :o falls1 = ev]8--,p[] supreme ,p>don ! aspir+ ?\ghts t w\ld presume ,to pi]ce ! veil :i* %r[ds f mortal eye ,! wond]s ( ?y realms6 ,en\gh1 to "k ,t ,?\ art ,"l6 ,?y univ]sal love ,p]vades ,creation2 on ea* liv+ =m ,%[]s d[n its prop] happ9ess2 &1 :5 guilt ,wakes ?y reluctant v5geance1 /ays ! bolt ,( wra?1 & pales its mitigat$ fire60#aci 99 99 99 99 99 ,/>s are ! hi]oglyphics us$ to express bo? rul]s & tea*]s2 !re=e !y may ) great propriety be appli$ to ! pa/ors ( ! *ur*4 ,! ,jews1 says ,dr4 ,doddridge1 are said to h call$ _! tea*]s />s4 ,!y are repres5t$ "u t emblem 9 ! ,revelation1 :]e ,/4 ,john1 speak+ ( our ,"l1 says1 8,he _h 9 8 "r h& sev5 />s20 & ! allegorical explanation is1 8,! sev5 />s :i* ?\ sawe/ 9 my "r h& are ! angels 7or m9i/]s7 ( ! sev5 *ur*es10 namely1 9 ,ephesus1 ,smyrna1 ,p]gamos1 ,?yatira1 ,s>dis1 ,philadelphia1 ,laodicea4 ,by 1 angels1 we are to und]/& ! mess5g]s or p]sons :om ,god s5t to preside ov] ^! *ur*es4 8,angel ( ! *ur*10 9 ?is place1 says a le>n$ au?or1 answ]s exactly to t (fic] ( ! synagogue among ! ,jews1 call$ %elia* tsibbor1 ! mess5g] ( ! *ur*1 ^: bus9ess x 0 to read1 pray1 & tea*1 9 ! synagogue4 ,! m9i/]s ( ! gospel be> ?is allegorical designation4 #a4 ,because1 l />s 9 ! firmam5t1 !y are plac$ 9 a high situation 9 ! *ur*4 ,eliphaz says1 8,behold ! height ( ! />s1 h[ high !y are60 ,! sacr$ (fice is ! highe/ t m5 c occupy1 bo? 9 po9t ( rank & importance2 & !re=e ! views1 dispositions1 & deportm5t ( m9i/]s1 %\ld accord ) x4 ,!y %\ld n be sordid 9 _! atta*m5ts1 nor grovell+ 9 _! pursuits4 ,a pr$ilection = lucrative places1 & worldly honors1 is inconsi/5t ) ! sanctity ( _! "*1 & ! design ( _! pr(ession4 ,z !y are 9 a /ation above o!rs1 s _! m9ds %\ld h a high elevation1 contemplat+ spiritual & div9e ?+s1 ) int5se application1 & holy delight4 ,! glories ( ! new ,j]usalem1 & ! felicities ( ! cele/ial ,p>adise1 are subjects :i* %\ld engross _! ?\ghts1 & be exhibit$ 9 _! (ficial m9i/rations4 ,!y %\ld look on all debas+ pleasures1 fleet+ honors1 & p]i%+ ri*es1 z ?+s va/ly bel[ ! dignity ( _! "*1 & contr>y to ! objects ( _! pr(essional engagem5ts4 ,!y h high] consid]ations to excite _! solicitude1 & m important affairs to employ _! p[]s1 ?an to sp5d _! "t 9 ?+s1 :i* nei!r c af=d !m any rational satisfaction1 nor are ( long duration4 ,/4 ,james calls _! att5tion to :at is ( mo/ int]e/ to !m1 :]e he says1 t 8he :o conv]te? a s9n] f ! error ( 8 way %all save a s\l f dea?1 & %all hide a multitude ( s9s40 ,success is ! mo/ valuable remun]ation1 & %\ld actuate m9i/]s bo? 9 _! private /udies1 & _! public labors4 #b4 ,because ( ! b5eficial effects ( _! m9i/]ial labors1 be+ useful to m51 9 af=d+ !m light1 direction1 & com=t2 &1 consequ5tly1 ! ne$ ! *ur* has ( !m4 ,gospel m9i/]s are z necess>y to ! moral _w1 dur+ ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 z ! sun1 moon1 & />s are 9 ! univ]se4 ,a *ur* )\t su* helps1 w\ld be l a firmam5t depriv$ ( globul> lights4 ,m9i/]s1 ) ! bright rays ( heav5ly doctr9e1 dispel ! d>kness ( ignorance1 *ase away ! cl\ds ( error1 scatt] ! mi/s ( prejudice1 disp]se ! fogs ( vice1 f ! human m9d4 ,z />s engage ! att5tion1 & draw ! eyes ( p]sons t[>d heav51 pres5t+ 9 !mselves a/oni%+ displays ( ! inf9ite p]fections ( wisdom1 p[]1 & goodness3 s x is ! "w ( m9i/]s to endeavor to excite p to ! contemplation ( ,div9e ?+s--to behold ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! sacr$ ,writ+s1 ! m$iatorial "* ( ,*ri/1 ! results ( 8 passion1 ! preval5ce ( 8 int]cession1 ! happ9ess ( 8 subjects1 & ! glories ( 8 k+dom4 ,z ! />s s]ve = guides to seaf>+ m51 :ile trav]s+ ! untrodd5 pa?s ( ! swell+ ocean2 s ^! symbolical />s are guides to ^? :o emb>k 9 ! vessel ( ! *ur*1 direct+ h] c\rse1 ?r\gh ! incon/ant sea ( ?is tumultu\s & fluctuat+ _w1 to ! h>bor ( ev]la/+ re/4 ,& z an extraord9>y /> 9 ! ea/ direct$ ! wise m5 to ,be?lehem1 :]e ,*ri/ 0 born2 s x devolves ^u m9i/]s1 z />s ( ! *ur*1 to conduct inquir+ s9n]s to ,jesus1 :o is able & will+ to save !m f _! s9s1 & bless !m ) hol9ess & et]nal life4 ,!y may ) propriety adopt ! language ( an old poet3-- 8,oh t 8 light & influ5ce ,w\ld "w effectually 9 me ,ano!r new ,epiphany1 ,exhale & elevate me h5ce3 ,t z my call+ do? require1 ,/>-l ,i may to o!rs %9e2 ,& guide !m to t ,sun div9e1 ,^: day-light nev] %all expire40 #c4 ,all ! light t m9i/]s communicate to mank9d1 or to ! memb]s ( ! *ur*1 is d]iv$ f ,*ri/1 ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness1 z ! light ( ! planets is f ! natural sun4 ,! pa/ors ( ! *ur* h nei!r light nor grace ( !mselves3 !y receive all f ! 8,fa!r ( lights10 9 ^: light only !y c see light2 & x pleas$ him t 9 ,*ri/ %\ld 8all fulness dwell40 ,bo? m9i/]s & p mu/ be enlight5$ ) emanations f him1 or rema9 9 d>kness4 ,/4 ,paul frankly ackn[l$ges1 8,by ! grace ( ,god ,i am :at ,i am40 ,)\t him1 ! mo/ em95t m9i/] w\ld be l a d>k lamp4 ,h5ce !y h no reason to be pr\d ( _! qualifications2 = !y h receiv$ all _! gifts & graces f ,*ri/4 ,_! fitness = ! m9i/]ial "w is n to be ascrib$ ei!r to _! natural p[]s1 ! =ce ( a sup]ior g5ius1 a lib]al education1 int5se /udy1 or ev5 to goodness & piety1 b to ! gratuit\s b\nty ( ,god only4 ,s likewise1 :atev] success 9 ! ex]cise ( ^? gifts & graces !y may h _h1 x fl[$ n f su* s\rces1 b f ,*ri/4 8,i h plant$10 says ,/4 ,paul1 8& ,apollos wat]$2 b ,god gave ! increase40 ,! l>ge/ planets are inconsid]able 9 comp>ison ( ! sun1 :i* is ! great natural f\nta9 ( light & heat4 ,! holy prophets are no?+ :5 br\ght into contra/ ) ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& ,john ! ,bapti/1 ?\gh sup]ior to all 8 pr$ecessors1 consci\s ( 8 own va/ inf]iority1 confess$1 8,he x is :o com+ aft] me is pref]r$ be=e me1 ^: %oe's lat*et ,i am n wor?y to unloose40--,z ! planets %9e ) no o!r light ?an t d]iv$ f ! sun2 s m9i/]s are to be respl5d5t only ) ! radiance ( ,div9e tru?1 receiv$ f ! et]nal ,f\nta9 ( illum9ation4 ,!y are n to %9e ) ! glimm]+ light ( fallable reason1 ! sp>ks ( human wisdom1 ! gl[-worm rays ( va9 philosophy2 n ) ! subtlety ( ,ari/otle1 ! p5etration ( ,c>tes1 ! eloqu5ce ( ,cic]o1 ! speculations ( ,plato1 ! propositions ( ,euclid2 b ) ! correct & compreh5sive k ( ! ,scripture1 :i* is 8giv5 by inspiration ( ,god1 & is pr(itable = doctr9e1 = repro(1 = correction1 & = in/ruction 9 righte\sness2 t ! man ( ,god may be p]fect1 ?or\ghly furni%$ unto all good works40 ,9 a l[] s5se1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 t human le>n+ is ( consid]able use1 af=d+ m9i/]s c]ta9 qualifications = _! "w4 ,! k ( ! languages1 moral & natural philosophy1 sacr$ & pr(ane hi/ory1 ma!matical sci5ce1 ! art ( speak+1 p>ticul>ly ^? bran*es ( logic :i* tea* u to range our ?\ghts 9 a "r me?od1 to =m propositions di/9ctly1 & to draw j conclusions f ackn[l$g$ premises3 ,i say1 ! k ( ^! diff]5t bran*es ( lit]ature & sci5ce1 may v mu* assi/ m9i/]s to discov] & def5d ! tru?1 & refute its adv]s>ies ) _! own weapons4 ,b !y mu/ d]ive all _! peculi> lu/re & excell5ce f ! volume ( ,div9e inspiration1 :5ce1 z *os5 in/rum5ts1 !y c make p wise to salvation4 #d4 ,m9i/]s are l ! />s ( heav51 because ( ! diff]5ce t is among !m1 9 respect ( gifts & ability4 ,! />s diff] f "o ano!r 9 situation1 magnitude1 influ5ce1 & glory4 8,!re is "o glory ( ! sun1 ano!r glory ( ! moon1 & ano!r glory ( ! />s3 = "o /> diff]e? f ano!r /> 9 glory40 ,! gradation ext5ds f />s ( ! fir/ to ^? ( ! six? magnitude4 ,"s are s dazzl+1 t !y appe> ) a peculi> spl5dor among ! %9+ beauties ( ! night3 o!rs are obscure & nebul\s2 & !re are _m :i* c only be se5 ) ! help ( telescopes4 ,! />s ( ! moral hemisph]e are n all enlight5$1 8by ! ,day-spr+ f on high10 ) ! same degree ( intellectual & ,div9e radiance4 ,!y h n all ! same gifts1 nor gifts 9 ! same measure4 ,pr(\nd k1 excell5cy ( spee*1 solidity & firmness ( judgm5t1 prud5ce & dext]ity ( conduct1 are n usually ! portion ( "o1 b di/ribut$ among sev]al m9i/]s4 ,"o excels 9 a tal5t = prea*+1 ano!r is em95t = utt]ance & p[] 9 pray]1 & ano!r is di/+ui%$ by wisdom & /ability = gov]nm5t4 ,paul 0 sublime & cog5t 9 reason+2 ,apollos 0 copi\s1 eloqu5t1 & mighty 9 ! ,scriptures2 ,john so>s high 9 my/]ies1 & yet excels 9 sweetness2 ,isaiah is pomp\s & magnific5t 9 8 /yle2 ,david *>ms & surprises u at ! same "t1 ) 8 ec/atic raptures & poetic /ra9s4 ,9 ! l>ge/ assembly ( m9i/]s !re are n two alike1 f> less equal 9 all ?+s4 ,"s1 l />s ( ! fir/ magnitude1 %9e ) great brilliancy3 o!rs h rays :i* are weak & obscure4 ,"s are prud5t1 b n eloqu5t4 ,"s h ! gift ( prea*+1 b are n rem>kable = prud5ce & mod]at+ _! passions4 ,"s h ! art ( affect+ ! passions3 o!rs h ! skill ( enlight5+ ! m9d1 & in=m+ ! judgm5t4 ,"s1 appe>+ z if =m$ 9 a f9] m\ld1 h a tal5t ( polit5ess & address1 9 _! int]c\rse ) p ( "*4 ,"s1 l skillful physicians1 "k h[ to deal ) afflict$ s\ls1 & relieve w\nd$ consci5ces4 ,"s are sons ( ?und]1 :ile o!rs are sons ( consolation4 ,?\gh e m9i/] %\ld h a compet5cy ( ea* ( ^! gifts1 yet "s excel 9 "o1 & "s 9 ano!r4 ,?us 8!re are div]sities ( gifts1 b ! same ,_s20 & ,god1 9 div]sify+ 8 gifts1 makes 8 manifold wisdom appe>4 ,! ,*ri/ians at ,cor9? n und]/&+ ?is1 or too emul\s = ! fir/-rate tal5t1 )\t suffici5tly reg>d+ ,div9e ag5cy1 :i* c r5d] ! meane/ useful1 became clamor\s1 & _! indecor\s conduct is held up to all succe$+ ages1 ) ! c5sure !y des]v$ly m]it$4 ,h[ev]1 to calm _! p]turbation1 he says1 8,!re=e let no man glory 9 m54 ,= all ?+s are y\rs2 :e!r ,paul1 or ,apollos1 or ,cephas2 & ye are ,*ri/'s2 & ,*ri/ is ,god's40 #e4 ,:ile "s />s disappe>1 o!rs arise t 7 n previ\sly obs]v$4 8,y\r fa!rs1 :]e are !y8 & ! prophets1 d !y live =ev]80 ,_m1 8( :om ! _w 0 n wor?y10 :o 7 bold to suff] = ! "n ( ,*ri/1 n only ! spoil+ ( _! goods1 ! loss ( lib]ty1 & bani%m5t f _! native c\ntry1 b ev5 dea? itself1 h re/$ f _! labors & afflictions1 & are n[ enjoy+ a glori\s rew>d4 ,! ,"l also sometimes raises up extraord9>y lights1 = ass]t+ & propagat+ ! tru?1 :5 8 *ur* is ov]:elm$ ) ! d>k cl\ds ( h]esy & sup]/ition4 ,( ?is ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 ,elijah1 & ,eli%a1 z well z _m o!r prophets1 :om ! ,"l call$ 9 an extraord9>y mann]1 7 rem>kable in/ances1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t3 &1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,john ! ,bapti/1 & ! apo/les ( ,*ri/1 ^: voices 7 he>d1 & ^: rays ext5d$ to ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 0 cov]$ ) ! d>k sup]/ition & idolatry ( anti*ri/1 ,god rais$ up "s em95t lights1 f "t to "t1 to diffuse ! pure doctr9es ( ! ,gospel1 & lead ! p out ( my/ic ,babylon4 ,su* 7 ,john ,wickliffe 9 ,engl&1 ,john ,huss & ,j]ome ( ,prague 9 ,bohemia2 &1 a hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,lu!r 9 ,g]many1 ,zu+lius 9 ,switz]l&1 ,calv9 9 ,france & ,g5eva1 & ,john ,knox 9 ,scotl&1 :om ,beza calls ! apo/le ( ! ,scots4 ,!n did ! ,gospel run1 & 0 glorifi$1 l a mighty torr5t c>ry+ be=e x n only cities & prov9ces1 b :ole nations & k+doms4#adj ,actuat$ by zeal = religion1 says a cl]gyman ( ! ,e/abli%m5t1 8,wickliffe1 ,j]ome1 & ,huss1 r\s$ ! slumb]+ cl]gy to opposition4 ,! zeal ( ,lu!r & 8 associates al>m$ all ,g]many1 & %ook ! ,papal ?rone itself4 ,gilp9 alone1 9 a d>k p]iod1 evangeliz$ a l>ge "p ( ! nor!rn c\nties ( ,engl&4 ,cranm]1 ,latim]1 & ,ridley1 by _! /eady p]sev]ance unto dea?1 illum9at$ ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,! zeal ( ,:itefield & ! two ,wesleys has1 ev5 9 our day1 made ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,irel&1 & ,am]ica1 exp]i5ce v important consequ5ces40 ,mission>ies actuat$ by primitive zeal1 & s5t out by diff]5t societies to prea* ! ,gospel among ,hea!n nations1 l burn+ lum9>ies are *as+ away ! d>kness ( ignorance1 gross sup]/ition1 & degrad+ idolatry1 &1 on _! ru9s1 e/abli%+ ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 & ! reign ( tru?1 peace1 righte\sness1 & b5evol5ce1 9 ! e>?4 #f4 ,m9i/]s1 consid]$ z />s plac$ 9 ! moral firmam5t1 %\ld %9e ) purity ( doctr9e1 f]v5cy ( zeal1 & hol9ess ( life1 bo? 9 ! summ] ( prosp]ity1 & 9 ! w9t] ( adv]sity4 #a/4 ,9 ! solemn assemblies ( ,god's p4 ,j]ome says1 ,our pulpit %\ld be z ,m\nt ,tabor1 :]e we %\ld conv]se ) ,moses & ! ,prophets1 ,*ri/ & 8 ,apo/les1 m9d+ t we h to d ) a holy ,god1 & ) ! immortal s\ls ( p1 :i* mu/ be %ortly ei!r 9 heav5 or hell4 #b;d4 ,among/ _! flocks1 by an innoc5t1 in/ructive1 & pi\s conv]sation1 giv+ !m no enc\ragem5t1 by _! example1 to s92 b allur+ !m to bett] worlds1 & po9t+ out ! way ?i!r4 ,_! :ole life %\ld be a transcript ( ! holy life ( ! bless$ ,jesus1 a liv+ epi/le 9 :i* ! p may read ! way :]e9 !y ought to walk4 #c;d4 ,9 _! families4 ,a m9i/] %\ld be 8"o t rule? well 8 own h\se10 prop]ly presid+ ov] & gov]n+ 8 own family3 8= if a man "k n h[ to rule 8 own h\se1 h[ %all he take c>e ( ! *ur* ( ,god80 ,eli's conduct br\ght heavy judgm5ts on himself & family1 & a great sc&al on ! *ur*4 ,!ory ( ! e>?4 ,su* intimations & analogies z c be drawn f nature may1 ) propriety1 be appli$ to ! explanation ( natural ph5om5a1 9 ! abs5ce ( direct & satisfactory pro(4 ,all[+ ?is assumption1 we conclude t ! intimations & analogies 9 nature are suffici5tly /rong & cle> to au?orize a belief1 t all heav5ly bodies are simil> 9 _! great con/itutional pr9ciples1 & designs1 & t our e>? may be tak5 z a fair & satisfactory sample ( !m all4 ,! only probable dep>ture f ?is /rong analogy 9 ! heav5ly bodies1 seems to be ?is3 ! suns1 or c5tres ( sy/ems1 h a peculi> collection ( phosphoresc5t cl\ds1 :i* are design$ to be ! great excit+ causes1 or disp5s]s1 ( light to ! planets :i* move r\nd !m4 ,! planets h n ^! phosphoresc5t cl\ds4 ,?is does n int]f]e ) ! g5]al analogies betwe5 ! heav5ly bodies2 & e/abli%es ! /rict analogies betwe5 ! planets ( all sy/ems2 & ! suns1 or c5tres ( all sy/ems4 ,f all ?is we conclude1 t a !ory ( our e>? :i* is satisfactory1 w also be deem$ satisfactory 9 reg>d to ! o!r heav5ly bodies4 ,we !re=e lay d[n1 z au?oriz$ by ! intimations & analogies ( nature1 ! foll[+ positions4 #a4 ,!re is a g5]al analogy betwe5 ! con/itutional pr9ciples & designs ( ! heav5ly bodies2 i4e4 ! suns & _! planets4 #b4 ,t ! sun1 or c5t] ( ea* sy/em1 ) all ! planets & satellites revolv+ ab\t x1 7 creat$ simultane\sly1 z x reg>ds _! sub/ances4 #c4 ,t !y 7 creat$ at _! relative di/ances f ! c5tre :i* !y n[ pres]ve4 #d4 ,t !y 7 /ation>y :5 fir/ creat$1 hav+ no motion ei!r on _! axis1 or 9 _! orbits4 #e4 ,t ! mat]ials ( ea* body1 :5 fir/ creat$1 7 solid1 froz51 & lifeless4 #f4 ,t ! mat]ials ( ea* body 7 creat$ 9 _! simple1 uncomb9$1 or elem5t>y /ates4 #g4 ,t x is mo/ probable ^! elem5t>y mat]ials 7 promiscu\s 9 ! mass1 )\t reg>d to specific gravity1 or any o!r pr9ciple or law4 #h4 ,t ! arrangem5t ( ! mat]ials ( :i* our e>? is compos$ 0 effect$ by ! op]ation ( ! laws ( nature1 z !y are call$1 :i* 7 simultane\sly impress$ ^u ! matt] ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em1 & is cont9u$ impress$1 by ! direct ag5cy ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 #i4 ,t ?is ref]5ce ( ! comm5cem5t1 & cont9uance ( ! en]gies ( ! laws ( nature1 directly to ! ,almighty1 is bo? philosophical & scriptural2 & is not$ by ,moses 9 ^! words3 8,& ! _s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s 7or deep407 ,reason+ f ^! data1 let u n[ see :e!r ! ph5om5a ( ! /ructure & arrangem5t ( our planet are explicable to a satisfactory degree4 #a4 ,imm$iately ^u ! impress ( ! laws ( nature1 by ! direct ef=t ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 ! :ole mass w\ld comm5ce revolv+ on its own axis1 & mov+ ar\nd its c5tre 9 its orbit4 ,at ! same "t a quick5+ impulse w\ld be felt1 f ! op]ation ( ! laws ( nature1 :i* w\ld imp>t life & animation to ! mass4 ,! fir/ effect ( ?is impulse w\ld be to call ! caloric1 light1 & electricity into action ?r\gh\t ! body4 ,?is w\ld raise its temp]ature in/antly1 & call into action all ! o!r p[]ful ag5ts1 z soon z =m$3 su* z ! acids1 alkalis1 c4 #b4 ,!re w be no difficulty1 to ^? :o "k ! p[] ( ^! ag5ts1 9 believ+ t ! consequ5ce ( _! unit$ action w\ld be an imm$iate fusion ( ! :ole mass4 ,?is w\ld e/abli% a /ate ( *emical mobility2 i4e4 ! v>i\s mat]ials1 ow+ to _! fusion1 w\ld be at lib]ty to comb9e1 accord+ to ! laws ( *emical aff9ity2 & to take _! relative positions1 accord+ to ! laws ( gravitation4 #c4 ,! result ( ?is process w\ld be b9>y1 & t]n>y1 & o!r comb9ations4 ,oxyg5 w\ld ent] into comb9ation ) ! bases ( ! v>i\s acids1 & ?us =m ! acids2 & ) ! v>i\s metals & ?us =m oxides2 & ! acids & oxides w\ld unite & ?us =m o!r comp\nds1 commonly call$ salts4 #d4 ,z su* comb9ations z ^! w\ld comm5ce =m+ fir/1 wat] & air w\ld be gradually & subsequ5tly =m$1 by ! ?ree gasses1 oxyg51 hydrog51 & nitrog51 escap+ f ! mass & ris+ to ! surface1 :]e ! oxyg5 comb9+ ) ! hydrog5 w\ld =m wat]2 & ) ! nitrog5 w\ld =m air4 #e4 ,x is evid5t t ! v small specific gravity ( ! gases w\ld cause !m to escape f ! int]ior p>ts ( ! e>?1 rapidly1 & to accumulate at ! surface 9 imm5se quantities4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is w\ld be1 an imm5se am\nt ( wat] w\ld be g5]at$ at ! e>?'s surface2 b ! oxidizable bodies 9 ! int]ior ( ! mass w\ld n1 all ( !m1 be completely saturat$ ) oxyg54 #f4 ,! condition ( ! e>?1 at ?is /age ( ! action1 w\ld be an inconceivably high /ate ( ignition1 specially 9 ! int]ior1 & a rapid *emical action /ill go+ on2 ! comb9ations /ill =m+1 & ! bodies ?us =m$ arrang+ !mselves4 ,9 a v little "t ! v>i\s classes ( bodies w\ld h obta9$1 g5]ally1 _! natural relative positions1 accord+ to _! specific gravities2 & all ! comb9able elem5ts1 9 ! same neighborhood1 hav+ comb9$1 a /ate ( comp>ative re/ w\ld ensue ( c\rse4 #g4 ,9 ! mean "t1 l>ge quantities ( diff]5t sub/ances w\ld be held 9 solution by ! acids1 alkalis1 & wat]1 ^: solv5t p[]s w\ld be v mu* increas$ by ! pres5ce ( int5se heat4 #h4 ,if we exam9e ! :ole mass at ?is /age ( ! natural process1 we w f9d x is 9 a condition to cry/allize :5ev] x c be r$uc$ to a suffici5tly l[ temp]ature to admit ( cry/allization4 ,we "k t ! r$uction ( temp]ature w\ld comm5ce at ! surface1 :]e ! caloric w\ld be conduct$ upw>ds ?r\gh ! wat]s1 & w\ld fly (f into ! cele/ial spaces4 ,( c\rse1 ! fir/ cry/alliz$ depositions w\ld take place at ! junction ( ! wat]s ) ! oxides or e>?s1 9 a /ate ( fusion1 on :i* ! l[] /ratum ( wat] 0 re/+4 #i4 ,?is fir/ deposition w\ld ext5d all ar\nd ! globe1 z ! wat]s entirely inve/$ ! e>?1 & w\ld lay ! f\ndation ( ! primitive family ( rocks1 :i* are well kn[n to be cry/all9e 9 _! /ructure1 & ! result ( *emical action4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 evid5t t !re 7 occasional trem5d\s agitations1 & concussions dur+ ! deposition ( ! primitive rocks1 :i* alt]$ ! /ate ( ! fluids1 & caus$ successive1 &1 sometimes1 alt]nat+ /rata to deposit4 #aj4 ,! p]iod ( ! deposition ( ! primitive rocks cont9u$ until ! elevations on ! e>?'s surface 7 uncov]$1 became dry1 & 7 subject to ! dis9tegrat+1 & r5d+ p[]s ( ! elem5ts3 at :i* "t "s m>9e animals1 & "s vegetables1 adapt$ to w>m & moi/ climates1 7 creat$4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is /ate ( ?+s w\ld be t fragm5ts ( rocks1 & m>9e animal & vegetable rema9s w\ld be f\nd 9 ! composition ( ! /rata deposit$ at ?is p]iod1 & subsequ5tly4 ,! family ( rocks ?us deposit$ is call$ transition rocks4 #aa4 ,?is is ! prop] place to in/itute an inquiry into ! orig9 ( ^! primitive elevations or m\nta9s4 #ab4 ,x w be v obvi\s1 t a mass ( mat]ials ?r[n into *emical action1 & rais$ to a v high temp]ature1 z expla9$ above1 w\ld naturally1 & necess>ily be upheav$ at diff]5t po9ts on its surface1 by ! gases1 & o!r bodies escap+ f ! int]ior4 ,& ?\gh ! g5]al s(tness ( ! mass w\ld cause ^! elevations to s9k back aga9 at fir/1 ^u ! escape ( ! gase\s bodies upheav+ !m2 yet1 :5 ! surface ( ! e>?1 :i* w\ld cool by com+ into contact ) ! wat]1 w\ld ?us beg9 to become solid1 ! elevations w\ld ma9ta9 !mselves1 & consolidate1 & ?us lay ! f\ndations ( ! irregul>ities :i*1 subsequ5tly1 w\ld rise into m\nta9s1 & m\nta9 *a9s1 & s9k into vallies1 by ! comb9$ action ( ! int]nal heat1 & ! occasional rapid rise & subsid5ce ( ! wat]s1 :i* w\ld alt] ! %ape & appe>ance ( ! m\nta9s1 & deep5 ! vallies4 #ac4 ,b x becomes v natural to inquire into ! cause ( ! rapid rise1 & subsid5ce ( ! wat]s at p>ticul> times2 :i* w also expla9 ! cause ( ! di/9ctions s obvi\s 9 ! nature & ages ( ! diff]5t families ( rocks4 #ad4 ,x w be recollect$ t ! int]ior p>ts ( ! e>? are 9 a /ate ( high ignition1 & an imm5se quantity ( wat] surr\nds ! globe1 ! cru/ ( :i* is consolidat+4 ,by ! natural pressure ( ! wat]1 by an occasional eruption ( gas f ! int]ior1 & by p]colation1 c1 ! wat] w\ld h access to ! int]ior mat]ials 9 a heat$ /ate4 ,9 ?is case !re w\ld be an imm5se production ( /eam1 & decomposition ( wat]1 :i* w\ld ( c\rse produce an e>?quake1 until x broke =? 9 a volcano "u ! wat]s4 ,9 ?is case an elevation w\ld be produc$ on ! surface1 &1 9 all probability1 a cavity 9 ! int]ior f :5ce ! elevat$ mat]ials came4 #ae4 ,^! ph5om5a w\ld happ5 9 quick succession1 & v ext5sively 9 ! fir/ p]iod ( ! _w2 & e "t !y happ5$1 !y w\ld r$uce ! quantity ( wat] at ! surface1 by admitt+ "s into ! int]ior cavities2 & by decompos+ mu*2 ! oxyg5 & hydrog5 ( :i* w\ld ent] into o!r comb9ations4 #af4 ,?is w acc\nt = ! rise & subsid5ce ( ! wat]s1 ! =mation ( vallies1 & m\nta9s1 & ! alt]ations 9 ! fluids1 s z to deposit ! diff]5t /rata 9 succession4 #ag4 ,dur+ ?is process above1 cavities suffici5tly num]\s & capaci\s1 fill$ ) wat]1 w\ld be =m$ 9 ! e>? to relieve ! surface1 9 a great measure4 ,b x seems pretty evid5t t ! wat]s ?us retir$ into ^? cavities 7 occasionally ?r[n back on ! e>?1 by ! same means ) :i* e>?quakes & volcanos are produc$2 & ?us trem5d\s curr5ts w\ld ensue1 :i* w\ld successively bury ! vegetable mat]ials 9 ! adjo9+ lakes1 out ( :i* ! coal bas9s are =m$2 & also bury ^? imm5se =e/s ( trees1 ) ! bones ( animals1 & fi%es also1 :i* h be5 s cle>ly & satisfactorily describ$ by geologi/s4 #ah4 ,ea* successive deluge1 9 proportion to its p[] & ext5t1 w\ld alt] ! quantity & quality ( ! mat]ials held 9 solution1 & ?us cause a correspond+ deposition subsequ5tly4 ,h5ce1 z rem>k$ above1 ! di/9ction 9 ! /rata1 & ! alt]nations ( diff]5t sub/ances successively4 #ai4 ,x may n be amiss "h to say1 x is v probable1 t _m deluges prec$$ ! =mation ( man1 produc$ on ! same pr9ciples z ! deluge ( ,noah1 ?\gh = diff]5t purposes1 accord+ to ! wi%es ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 #bj4 ,to :at has be5 said above1 x is only necess>y to add1 t all depositions1 or =mations ( rocks took place at ! bottom ( ! ocean1 or wat]s :i* held ! mat]ials 9 solution1 or susp5d$2 & t ?is ocean ma9ta9$ its dom9ion = long p]iods toge!r1 9 comp>ative tranquility1 & dur+ su* times ! diff]5t rock =mations 7 deposit$4 ,! m>9e animals w\ld multiply1 die1 & _! exuvi quietly fall to ! bottom3 at ! same "t c>bonate ( lime w\ld be copi\sly deposit$ f ! sea wat]s1 & ?us w\ld consolidate into a /ratum ( rock1 ! ?ickness ( :i* w\ld be> "s proportion to ! l5g? ( ! p]iod ( its deposition4 ,if ?is /ratum rema9$ 9 its place1 ^u ! retir+ ( ! sea1 x w\ld appe> at ! surface at fir/2 until x 0 cov]$ ) m\ld1 & ! ru9s ( o!r rocks dis9tegrat$ into e>?1 or soil4 ,b if x 7 upheav$ by ! =ce ( ! int]nal fire1 x w\ld become a lime/one m\nta91 conta9+ ! organic rema9s z !y 7 fir/ quietly deposit$4 ,! same may be said ( primitive m\nta9s1 or any o!r k9d4 #ba4 ,! transition rocks1 ! =mation ( :i* 0 b>ely notic$ above1 7,no4 #aj7 7 deposit$ successively 9 /rata1 indicat+ _! relative ages by ! increase ( rocky fragm5ts1 & fossil rema9s 9 _! composition1 f ! olde/ ( ! family to ! newe/3 & also by ! gradual *ange 9 _! /ructure1 :i* is m cry/all9e 9 ! olde/1 & becomes less s 9 ! newe/1 ow+ to ! decrease ( *emical action1 & ! increase ( me*anical deposition4 #bb4 ,f ! fossil rema9s 9 ! diff]5t /rata ( ! transition rocks1 we h good evid5ce ( successive deluges1 :i* swept away ! animals exi/+ at ! "t1 & buri$ _! rema9s :i* are n[ f\nd 9 a fossil /ate2 & o!rs succe$$ !m4 ,?is w acc\nt = p>ticul> animals be+ peculi> to p>ticul> /rata ( rocks4 #bc4 ,dur+ ! transition p]iod ! *emical action ceas$ almo/ entirely1 & ! succe$+ family ( rocks1 i4e4 ! second>y1 0 deposit$ me*anically1 _! mat]ials be+ m]ely susp5d$ 9 ! wat]s4 ,?is class1 !re=e1 is n cry/all9e 9 its /ructure1 & is ne>ly horizontal 9 position & conta9s great] quantities ( fossil rema9s1 bo? ( animals & vegetables4 ,^! rema9s are1 also1 ! relics ( be+s m delicately organiz$1 & approa* mu* ne>] to ! g5]a & species ( animals n[ exi/+4 #bd4 ,dur+ ! deposition ( ?is class ( rocks1 & also ( ! t]ti>y class :i* succe$$ x1 ! sea retir$ f> f ! up-l&s1 & well nigh into its p]man5t b$s4 ,! up-l&s w\ld1 by ! dis9tegrat+ p[] ( ! elem5ts1 be worn away at _! surface1 & ?us af=d ! matt] ( soil1 :i* w\ld naturally be c>ri$ d[n t[>ds ! f9al retreat ( ! sea1 by ! wat]s1 & be deposit$ 9 ! vallies1 & l[ c\ntries4 ,! same process w\ld furni% fragm5ts ( rocks 9 abundance1 & ( all k9ds1 :i* w\ld be roll$ d[n ! declivities ( ! up-l&s1 & become m or less r\nd$1 & ?us be f\nd ent]+ into ! rocks ( ! second>y & t]ti>y classes2 or 9 b$s ( s& & gravel1 or 9 ! *annels ( riv]s 9 ! =m ( pebbles4 ,if ^! fragm5ts 7 ?r[n toge!r 9 suffici5t quantities1 & a suitable cem5t deposit$ among !m !y w\ld consolidate & =m pudd+-/one1 or breccia m>ble2 su* z ! ,potomac m>ble1 ( :i* ! columns 9 ! ,capitol at ,wa%+ton ,city are made4 #be4 ,x is v evid5t t ?is process w\ld deposit ! heavi] fragm5ts1 & mat]ials ne>e/ ! highl&s :5ce !y orig9at$2 & c>ry ! f9] & ri*] matt] fur!r away t[>ds ! sea1 & deposit x ne>] ! m\?s ( ! riv]s4 ,?is is well kn[n to be ! case1 z 9 ! ,mississippi4 ,"h ! ph5om5a are d\btless1 f ! m\?1 along all its tribut>ies to _! s\rces4 #bf4 ,:ile ^! successive depositions 7 mak+1 modifi$ by trem5d\s eruptions f ! =ce ( subt]ranean fire1 ! same ag5t ( ^! modifications w\ld produce ano!r v /rik+ ph5om5a4 ,! imm5se quantity ( matt] ?r[n f ! int]ior to ! surface 9 a melt$ /ate1 w\ld ei!r %oot up 9 ! =m ( cones1 or columns1 & by cool+ cry/allize & consolidate2 or w\ld fl[ 9 its melt$ /ate ov] ! surface ( ! upp] rocks1 & ?us cov] !m4 ,?is is ! case ) a class ( rocky sub/ances :i* may be call$ by ! g5]al "n ( basalt4 ,sometimes :5 ! =ce bel[ 0 n suffici5t to protrude ! melt$ matt] ?r\gh ! sup]9cumb5t rocks1 x drove x 9 betwe5 ! /rata1 or %ot x up ?r\gh "s ( ! /rata2 frequ5tly upheav+ ! rocks on "o side ( ! protrud+ body1 or depress+ !m on ! o!r4 ,9 ?is case ! inject$ matt] con/itutes :at is call$ a fault1 %aft1 or dike1 by m9]s4 #bg4 ,x is n improbable1 nay1 x is pretty c]ta91 t _m ( ^! basaltic ejections took place "u ! anci5t *aotic abyss ( wat]s1 & h become visible by ! retir+ ( ! sea4 #bh4 ,9 ?is !ory we h a satisfactory explanation ( ! =mation ( metallic ve9s1 & ! disp]sion ( metallic gra9s 9 s&s1 & soil4 ,! metals be+ 9 a pure /ate1 or ne>ly s1 9 ! b[els ( ! e>? :5 project$ upw>ds by ! =ce ( subt]ranean p[]1 w\ld be inject$ into ! rocks 9 ! direction ( ! op]at+ =ce4 ,h5ce !y are f\nd 9 ve9s 9 solid rocks1 runn+ 9 all directions1 & desc5d+ to unkn[n dep?s4 ,sometimes ! :ole ( ! ve9 appe>s to be insulat$ by ! rock4 ,9 ?is case1 ! :ole mass 0 fus$1 at lea/ p>tly1 & :5 ! =ce ceas$ to act1 x w\ld consolidate ar\nd ! inject$ metal1 leav+ no trace ( its injection4 ,sometimes ! metallic ve9 evid5tly ent]$ ! rock f above4 ,9 ?is case ! metal 9 a melt$ /ate 0 ?r[n to ! surface1 & meet+ ) a *asm1 ran into x & consolidat$ into a ve94 ,:5 ! metal 0 rais$ f bel[ 9 a /ate ( fusion 9 conjunction ) an imm5se mass ( rocky matt] 9 a /ate ( fusion1 !y w\ld appe> at ! surface mix$ ?r\gh\t4 ,:5 ?is rocky mass yield$ to ! dis9tegrat+ p[] ( ! elem5ts1 ! p>ticles ( ! metal & rock w\ld be c>ri$ (f toge!r into ! l[] positions1 & be f\nd 9 ! =m ( du/1 9 ! second>y1 or l[] c\ntries4 #bi4 ,! %ape ( ! e>?1 9 reg>d to :i* x is said ! pol> diamet] is less ?an ! equatorial1 w\ld be ! same on ! above !ory1 z x has be5 %[n to be1 on ! supposition t ! e>? 0 9 a s(t /ate by ! solv5t p[]s ( wat]1 z commonly suppos$4 #cj4 ,x is a matt] ( peculi> pleasure to ! ,*ri/ian philosoph]1 to obs]ve ! /rong t5d5cy 9 ! ,sci5ce ( ,geology1 to confirm ! acc\nt ( ! creation ( ! _w1 z giv5 by ,moses 9 ! ,bible4 ,by a c>eful comp>ison ( ! acc\nt ( ,moses ) well e/abli%$ geological positions1 x w be f\nd t !y agree expressly1 9 ! ,,ord] & ,,nature ( ! ev5ts4 ,?is is a spl5did evid5ce 9 favor ( revelation4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 b1 t if ! ph5om5a ( nature1 & ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible 7 bett] und]/ood1 m /rik+ & unexpect$ agreem5ts w\ld be f\nd4 ,religion & ,sci5ce w "o day be insep>able4 ,rem>ks4 #a4 ,x w be necess>y = ! read] to p]use ! above !ory v att5tively1 9 ord] to =m a correct judgm5t ( x1 z x is m]ely an outl9e1 v briefly drawn up1 yet x is hop$1 pretty cle>ly4 ,:e!r x be well calculat$ to expla9 ! great lead+ geological ph5om5a :i* we obs]ve1 ! read] w det]m9e = himself4 ,x 0 n drawn up 9 view ( su* explanation1 b 0 con/ruct$ by induction f ^? well asc]ta9$ ph5om5a4 ,x 0 drawn up out ( view ( any ultimate object1 or sy/em1 previ\sly embrac$1 & is ev5 diff]5t f ! writ]'s previ\s op9ions1 be=e he _h dilig5tly comp>$ all ! facts )9 8 rea*4 ,x is !re=e entitl$ to ! m]it ( hav+ be5 drawn up ) a s9c]e desire to atta9 to tru? on ?is int]e/+ subject1 & n to support a favorite !ory4 #b4 ,^u exam9ation x w be f\nd to reconcile1 9 a great measure1 ! ,vulcanian & ,neptunian !ories :i* h s long divid$ ! pr9cipal writ]s on ,geology4 ,x w be f\nd t bo? fire & wat] 7 conc]n$ 9 produc+ ! great geological ph5om5a4 ,x _c be d\bt$ b t subt]ranean =ce comm5c$ ! irregul>ities on our e>?'s surface1 & cont9u$ ! action1 probably ) occasional int]missions1 9 upheav+ ! m\nta9s1 & m\nta9 *a9s3 b z ?is 0 comm5c$1 & pr9cipally accompli%$1 "u ! anci5t sea1 !re c be no d\bt b t ! wat] has _h a p[]ful & ext5sive ag5cy 9 modify+ ! /ructure & composition ( m\nta91 & mod]ate elevations4 ,& :ile we h e reason to believe ! =ce ( subt]ranean fire 0 ! pr9cipal ag5t 9 r5d+1 dislocat+1 & confus+ ! rock =mations ( ! cru/ ( our e>?2 we h no less reason to ackn[l$ge ! ag5cy ( wat] 9 deposit+ ! v>i\s /rata2 contribut+ to ! dis9tegration ( ! expos$ upl&s2 & c>ry+ d[n ! alluvion :i* =m ! f]tile tracts ( vallies1 & l[ c\ntries2 & ! s& b>s1 & banks at ! outlets1 ( riv]s1 bays1 gulfs1 c4 #c4 ,?is view w be m cle>ly expla9$ by exam9+ ! %ape ( cont95ts1 isl&s1 & c\ntries1 :i* w be f\nd to correspond1 pretty ne>ly ) ! %ape ( ! m\nta9 ranges 9 ea*4 ,t is3 ! l5g? ( a cont95t1 isl&1 or c\ntry w be f\nd to be 9 ! direction ( ! m\nta9 range2 & ! bread? across ! m\nta9 range4 #d4 ,?is w\ld be ! %ape :i* w\ld naturally result f ! transition1 second>y1 & t]ti>y =mations aris+ pr9cipally f ! dis9tegration ( ! mat]ials ( ! m\nta9 range4 ,?is is evid5t f a s+le reflection3 if a conical body /ood 9 ! mid/ ( a pla91 & 0 equally expos$ to a p[] :i* wore x away1 ! portions ?us torn f ! body w\ld roll d[n ! declivity t[>ds ! base ( ! cone1 & w\ld occupy a circle1 g5]ally speak+1 ( ! plane at ! base equidi/ant f ! body4 ,9 ! same mann] ! wa/+ away ( ! primitive elevations w\ld deposit ! detritus equidi/ant f ! foot ( ! range4 #e4 ,x w be obvi\s1 h[ev]1 t ! con=mity ( a c\ntry1 9 %ape1 to ! m\nta9 ranges :i* run ?r\gh x1 w be m or less modifi$ by adv5titi\s circum/ances4 ,if "o side ( ! m\nta9 range 0 orig9ally m precipit\s ?an ! o!r3 or if "s trem5d\s collection or curr5t ( wat] la%$ or swept "o side1 & n ! o!r1 ! %ape ( ! c\ntry w\ld be modifi$2 b n s mu* z to de/roy ! g5]al con=mity 9 %ape4 ,! above rem>ks w be confirm$ by an inspection ( accurately drawn maps4 #f4 ,f9ally3 ,"s =mations are entirely ow+ to ! ag5cy ( wat]2 z s& banks1 b>s1 %oals1 c1 & "s entirely ow+ to ! action ( fire1 z ! deposites ( lava2 ! upheav+ ( volcanic m\nta9s1 ev5 9 ! memory ( man4 ,^! are adv5titi\s =mations1 & d n ev5 modify a g5]al !ory4 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnotes - ,*apt] ,v #aad ,"t's ,telescope = #ahae1 ,introduction4 #aae ,dr4 ,rob]t ,wittie1 9 8 ,survey ( ! ,heav5s1 makes ! foll[+ obs]vations conc]n+ ?is miracul\s int]position ( ,div9e provid5ce4 8,we read t ,jo%ua1 9 8 zeal aga9/ ! enemies ( ,god & 8 p1 9 ! heat ( battle1 call$ to ! sun & moon to /& /ill1 c4 ,! design 0 t ! light might be l5g!n$1 till he might de/roy ! army ( ! ,amorites1 & ! day 0 accord+ly prolong$1 z ! sun w5t n d[n = ! :ole day1 & ! moon also /aid4--,b :y %\ld ,jo%ua call to ! moon to /& /ill1 z well z ! sun1 :i* ,i c\ld be ( no use to him1 :ile ! sun 0 up8 ,to ?is ,i answ] ) all due mode/y2 ,i d believe ,jo%ua did call ?us by inspiration1 & a special impulse f ,god ^u 8 _s3 = t :i* w\ld make ! sun /& /ill1 w\ld /ay ! moon4 ,he t f ! ha/y zeal\s call ( ?is great g5]al1 %all ?9k to =m an argum5t to prove ! philosophical notion ( ! sun's diurnal motion ab\t ! e>?1 by tak+ ! words 9 a prop] lit]al s5se1 may z well g on1 & eke x out a little fur!r1 & !n he may prove ! sun to h be5 9 ! next great t[n1 ,gibeon1 & ! moon 9 ! valley2 b if to all m5 ?is latt] %all be judg$ a weak inf]5ce1 ,i d>e say1 to _m wise m51 s w ! =m]40 ,p4 #ab1 #ac4 #aaf ,ari/otle de ,cl4 lib4 ii1 cap4 #ac4 #aag ,macrob4 ,sat4 lib4 i1 cap4 #ba4 #aah ,macrob4 9 ,somn4 ,scip4 lib4 i1 cap4 #bj4 #aai ,t is1 9 adoration2 f ad ore1 to ! m\?1 i4e4 h& to ! m\?4 #abj ,baseley's ,glory ( ! ,heav5s1 pp4 #gc-gf4 #aba ,! new moon is (t5 /yl$ a cresc5t2 a ^w =m$ f ! ,lat9 cresc]e1 to gr[2 & ?\gh x is us$ f ! same figure ( ! moon 9 h] wane or decrease1 :5 h] horns are turn$ t[>ds ! we/1 yet ^! horns always po9t to ! ea/ 9 ! j cresc5t4 #abb ,m4 ,s*rot]1 ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,gott+51 has rec5tly publi%$ a v curi\s & elaborate "w 9 ,g]man1 entitl$1 ,sel5otographis*e ,fragm5te1 c1 or ,sel5otopographical ,fragm5ts1 int5d$ to promote a m accurate k ( ! moon's surface3 a valuable extract f :i* may be se5 9 ! ,pantologia1 article ,moon4 #abc ,see ,mr4 ,h[>d's valuable pap] on ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #ahjb1 ,dr4 ,hutton's ,diss]tation 9 ! ,new ,abridgm5t1 "p xxi1 & ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke on ,jo%4 x1 #aa4 #abd ,! pr9cipal eclipse ( ! sun1 = ! pres5t c5tury1 has be5 already calculat$1 & x is fully det]m9$ t x w take place 9 ! ye> #ahdg4 ,x w be annul> 9 ?is c\ntry1 & sev]al o!r places4 ,"t's ,telescope = #ahae4 ,! ,a!nians1 accord+ to ,plut>*1 ent]ta9$ v t]rific ideas ( eclipses ( ! moon4 ,nicias & 8 army1 :5 !y 7 on ! po9t ( )draw+ secretly f ,sicily1 )\t be+ obs]v$ or suspect$ by ! enemy1 refus$ to emb>k1 because ! moon became sudd5ly eclips$2 ?is ignorant & sup]/iti\s conduct prov$ fatal1 = !y 7 all1 %ortly aft]1 ei!r sla9 or tak5 prison]s4 #abe ,a valuable correspond5t writ+ f ,matura1 9 ,ceylon1 ,may #g1 #ahag1 says1 8,a fe/ival 0 lately celebrat$ "h1 pr9cipally on ! riv]4 ,a l>ge boat 0 rigg$ = ! purpose1 some:at aft] ! mann] ( a %ip1 :i* c>ri$ a numb] ( danc]s & o!r p]sons 9 disguise1 accompani$ ) ! music ( pipes & drums4 ,i p>ticul>ly inquir$ into ! mean+ ( ! c]emonies2 &1 z f> z ,i c\ld le>n1 x 0 a celebration ( ! bir? ( ! sun & moon4 ,! _w is believ$ to h be5 once inhabit$ by holy brahm9s1 ^: bodies 7 transp>5t1 & af=d$ suffici5t light4 ,:5 ^! fell into s91 !y lo/ _! spl5dor1 & o!r lights became necess>y40 ,! ,african negroes1 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 on see+ ! new moon1 take out ( _! pocket a piece ( :atev] money !y h1 &1 hold+ x up 9 _! h&1 say1 8,god bless ! new moon1 ?is is all ,i c give y2 take ?is1 & give me good luck30 & !n ?r[ x up t[>d x4 ,aft] ?is action1 !y believe t prosp]ity w att5d !m dur+ ! "t t moon cont9ues4 ,on embrac+ ! ,*ri/ian religion1 !y lay aside ?is hea!ni% practice4 #abf ,on ! dial ( ! ca!dral at ,bruges1 ! sun is repres5t$ direct+ ! h\rs1 ) ?is motto1 ,non rego1 nisi reg>3 signify+1 t ! sun c\ld n rule ! day1 if x 0 n fir/ rul$ itself4 ,_h ! ,pagan _w kn[n ?is tru?1 ! greate/ "p ( x _h n fall5 into idolatry4 #abg ,lit]>y ,panorama1 = ,janu>y1 #ahad1 pp4 #ied1 #iee4 #abh 8,at :at "t ! e>? began to be consid]$1 or r suspect$1 to be sph]ical10 says ,co/>d1 8is unc]ta91 b probably n be=e ! und]tak+ long voyages2 ! fir/ ( :i*1 x may be1 7 d[n ! ,arabian ,gulf1 & out ( ! ,/raits ( ,bab-,al-m&ub1 by ,europeans corruptly call$ ,babelm&el4 ,:at op9ion 0 commonly ent]ta9$ ( ^? :o und]took ^? long voyages1 may be le>n$1 9 "s measure1 f ?is ^w4 ,= ,m&ub is "o t is lam5t$ at 8 fun]al2 !re=e ,bab-al-m&ub is ! gate1 or /rait1 ( "o lam5t$ at 8 fun]al2 z if a p]son sail+ beyond t po9t1 0 consid]$ z go+ to c]ta9 dea?1 or nev] to return40 #abi ,see ,v]/igan's 8,re/itution ( ,decay$ ,intellig5ce10 ,edit4 #afgc1 pp4 #fd-fh2 & ,"t's ,telescope4 #acj ,on ,june #ad1 #ahae1 0 publi%$ ! foll[+ a/ronomical notice4 ,! ,georgium ,sidus is n[ visible to ! nak$ eye any cle> night4 ,x s\?s n[ a little be=e midnight1 is pal] & less vivid ?an ! fix$ />s ne> x 9 ,scorpio2 x w rema9 9 company ) ,arcturus = two or ?ree ye>s1 pass+ nor? ( x ab\t ! middle ( ! ye> #ahaf1 & ve]+ to ! ea/1 or left h&1 at ! rate ( #d #ah annually1 be+ ne> sev5 ye>s 9 pass+ "o sign1 & ne> #hd 9 mak+ an entire revolution4 ,dr4 ,h]s*ell assumes1 t ! eclipses ( ! satellites ( ! ,georgium ,sidus w1 9 ! ye> #ahah1 be visible to ^? :o possess telescopes ( high magnify+ p[]s1 :5 !y w appe> to asc5d ?r\gh ! %ad[ ( ! planet 9 ! direction almo/ p]p5dicul> to ! ecliptic4 #aca ,9 ! ye> #agab1 ,mr4 ,:i/on hav+ calculat$ ! return ( a comet1 :i* 0 to make its appe>ance on ,w$nesday1 ! #ad? ( ,octob]1 at five m9utes aft] five 9 ! morn+2 he gave notice to ! public accord+ly1 ) ?is t]rify+ addition1 t a total dissolution ( ! _w by fire 0 to take place on ! ,friday foll[+4 ,! reputation ,mr4 ,:i/on _h long ma9ta9$1 bo? z a div9e & a philosoph]1 left little or no d\bt ) ! populace ( ! tru? ( 8 pr$iction4 ,sev]al ludicr\s ev5ts took place 9 consequ5ce4 ,a numb] ( p]sons 9 & ab\t ,london seiz$ all ! b>ges & boats !y c\ld lay _! h&s on 9 ! ,?ames1 v rationally conclud+1 t :5 ! conflagration took place1 !re w\ld be ! mo/ safety on ! wat]4 ,a g5tleman :o _h neglect$ family pray] = long] ?an five ye>s1 in=m$ 8 wife t x 0 8 det]m9ation to resume t laudable practice ! same ev5+2 b 8 wife hav+ engag$ a ball at h] h\se1 p]suad$ h] husb& to put x (f till !y saw :e!r ! comet appe>$ or n4 ,! ,s\?-sea /ock imm$iately fell to five p] c5t41 & ,india /ock to elev54 ,! capta9 ( a ,dut* %ip ?rew all 8 p[d] into ! riv]1 t ! %ip might n be endang]$4 ,! next morn+ ! comet appe>$ accord+ to ! pr$iction1 & be=e noon ! belief 0 univ]sal1 t ! day ( judgm5t 0 at h&4 ,ab\t ?is "t ( ! day #abc cl]gym5 7 f]ri$ ov] to ,lambe?1 x 0 said1 to petition t a %ort pray] might be p5n$ & ord]$1 !re be+ none 9 ! *ur* s]vice on t occasion4 ,?ree maids ( honor burnt _! collections ( novels & plays1 & s5t to a booksell]'s to buy ea* ( !m a ,bible1 & ,bi%op ,taylor's ,holy ,liv+ & ,dy+4 ,! run ^u ! ,bank 0 s prodigi\s1 t all h&s 7 employ$ f morn+ till night 9 disc\nt+ notes1 & h&+ out specie4 ,on ,?ursday1 consid]ably m ?an sev5 ?\s& kept mi/resses 7 legally m>ri$6 9 ! face ( sev]al congregations4 ,& to cr[n ! :ole1 ,sir ,gilb]t ,hea?cote1 at t "t head director ( ! ,bank1 issu$ ord]s to all ! fire-(fices 9 ,london1 requir+ !m 8to keep a good look out1 & h a p>ticul> eye ^u ! ,bank ( ,engl&40 ,! comet :i* might h put ! e>? 9 mo/ haz>d1 0 t ( #afhj4 ,by ,halley's calculation x pass$1 ,novemb] #aa1 )9 #fj semi-diamet]s ( ! e>?'s orbit3 & if1 at t "t1 ! e>? _h be5 9 t "p ( h] orbit1 !re is no conjectur+ at ! consequ5ces4--,lit]>y ,panorama1 = ,decemb]1 #ahaa4--,probably ! above 0 only a hoax ^u ,mr4 ,:i/on on acc\nt ( ! s+ul>ity ( 8 op9ion conc]n+ comets4 #acb ,dr4 ,keill's ,a/ronomy1 #e? ,edit4 pp4 #ahi1 #aij4 #acc ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory's ,treatise on ,a/ronomy1 p4 #dac4 #acd ,! celebrat$ ,buffon suppos$1 t our e>? 0 orig9ally =m$ by a comet's sweep+ (f & receiv+ 9 8 tra9 a portion ( ! ext]ior "p ( ! sun2 :i*1 aft] hav+ be5 suffici5tly cool$1 9 ! lapse ( "t1 p]haps hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 _h gradually assum$ its pres5t =m6 ,:5 we reflect t ?is em95t ,fr5* naturali/ 0 an infidel & a lib]t9e1 8 _m /range !ories confirm ! rem>k ( ! ,poet1 8,an undev\t a/ronom] is mad40 ,:5 a p]son ?r\gh ! pride ( intellect1 w n submit 8 fallible und]/&+ to ! sure light ( ,div9e revelation1 he is liable to embrace ! greate/ absurdities1 :i* a sob] & well-regulat$ m9d w\ld prev5t4 #ace ,gu>dian1 ,no4 #ajc4 #acf ,! di/ances ( ! fix$ />s h nev] be5 absolutely det]m9$1 & :at is "h /at$ is n giv5 z ! true di/ance ( ,sirius2 b f :at has be5 asc]ta9$1 ! di/ance _c be less ?an z above4 ,dr4 ,bradley1 aft] ano!r me?od ( calculation1 makes x to be m ?an t5 times great]1 or tw5ty-five millions ( millions1 & #fej ?\s& ( millions4 #acg ,9 #afbg1 ,s*ill] publi%$ a "w1 entitl$ ,clum ,/ellatum ,*ri/ianum1 conta9+ ! anci5t catalogue1 ) new con/ellations4 ,9 ?is "w he reject$ ! old designations1 & sub/itut$ new figures = ! con/ellations1 & names tak5 f ! sacr$ ,scriptures2 ?us ,aries he *ang$ into ,/4 ,pet]2 ,taurus1 into ,/4 ,&rew2 ,&rom$a1 into ! holy sepul*re2 ,lyra1 into ! mang] ( ,*ri/2 ,h]cules1 into ! wise m5 ( ! ea/2 ,canis ,major1 into ,david2 & s on4 ,?is he is said to h done 9 imitation ( ! v5]able ,b$e1 :o1 in/ead ( ! pr(ane names & figures adopt$ by pagans1 sub/itut$ ! names ( ! twelve apo/les = ^? ( ! twelve con/ellations 9 ! zodiac3 b ^! innovations 7 disreg>d$ by a/ronom]s4 ,weigelius1 pr(essor ( ma!matics at ,j5a1 attempt$ to make an innovation ( ano!r k9d2 he wi%$ to *ange ! />ry heav5s into a k9d ( ,clum ,h]aldicum1 by introduc+ ! arms ( all ! pr9ces & /ates ( ,europe1 by way ( con/ellations2 b 8 project exp]i5c$ ! same fate z ^? ( ,b$e & ,s*ill]4 #ach ,see ,f]guson's ,a/ronomy4 #aci ,gisborne's ,walks 9 a ,=e/1 six? edit4 pp4 #dd1 #de1 #df4 #adj ,! au?or ?ankfully ackn[l$ges 8 obligations = _m ( ! above ?\ghts to an old s]mon prea*$ 8at ! op5+ ( ! ,synod ( ,lo?ian & ,twe$dale20 b _c say ( :at date1 or by :om deliv]$1 z 8 copy ( x is )\t title-page4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,fif? ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,fi%es4 ,( ,fi%es 9 g5]al -- ,! ,cetace\s k9d -- ,c>tilag9\s -- ,sp9\s -- ,cru/ace\s -- & ,te/ace\s4 -- ,animalcules4 -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 ,on ! fif? day 7 creat$ fi%es1 & ! f[ls ( heav51 :atsoev] flies 9 ! expansion above u1 or swims 9 ! wat]y elem5t3 ^! 7 produc$ f ! wat]s4 8,god said1 ,let ! wat]s br+ =? abundantly ! mov+ creature t ha? life1 & f[l t may fly above ! e>? 9 ! op5 firmam5t ( heav54 ,& ,god creat$ great :ales1 & e liv+ creature t move?1 :i* ! wat]s br\ght =? abundantly1 aft] _! k9d1 & e w+$ f[l aft] 8 k9d3 & ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& ,god bless$ !m1 say+1 ,be fruitful & multiply1 & fill ! wat]s 9 ! seas1 & let ! f[l multiply 9 ! e>?40 8,see ?r\gh ?is air1 ?is ocean1 & ?is e>?1 ,all matt] quick1 & bur/+ into bir?2 ,above h[ high progressive life may g1 ,ar\nd h[ wide1 h[ deep ext5d bel[6 ,va/ *a9 ( be+1 :i* f ,god began1 ,nature's e!real1 human1 angel1 man1 ,bea/1 bird1 fi%1 insect1 :at no eye c see1 ,no glass c rea*2 f inf9ite to ,,!e1 f ,,!e to no?+60 ,x is g5]ally grant$ t life is ! highe/ p]fection ( corporeal be+s1 ! mo/ ine/imable jewel ( ! creation4 ,life1 ?\gh b 9 an insect1 is m glori\s ?an ! sun4 ,solomon1 mak+ a comp>ison betwe5 liv+ & lifeless ?+s1 pref]s ! meane/ ( liv+ creatures be=e ! be/ & noble/ ( dead ?+s1 8,a liv+ dog is bett] ?an a dead lion40 ,h[ mu* soev] we may be a/oni%$ at ! /up5d\s mass ( inactive matt]1 yet ! lea/ animat$ p>ticle is /ill an object ( great] admiration4 ,god1 9 creat+ ! fir/ individual ( ea* species ( liv+ creatures1 n only gave a =m to matt]1 b also a pr9ciple ( life2 inclos+ 9 ea* a great] or less quantity ( organical p>ticles1 inde/ructible & common to all organiz$ be+s4 ,^! pass f body to body1 p]petuat+ ?is life1 & m9i/]+ to ! nutrition & gr[? ( ea*4 ,?us e production1 or increase by g5]ation1 is a cont9uance ( ?is life1 ( :i* e succession ( creatures is always full4 ,! total quantity ( life rema9s ! same2 = :atev] dea? seems to de/roy1 x does n affect t primitive life1 :i* is diffus$ ?r\gh all organiz$ be+s4 ,h[ev] mu* ! nature ( life may p]plex ! mo/ able1 acute1 & dilig5t inquir]s into ! subject1 or exce$ ! utmo/ rea* ( human compreh5sion2 yet we see t x enables creatures to act1 z x 71 ( !mselves1 & to seek & obta9 su* enjoym5ts z give !m a s5sible pleasure4 ,! creatures on :i* ?is amaz+ prop]ty has be5 conf]r$1 h also an incl9ation & ability to communicate x to _! own species1 :i* w succe$ "o ano!r till "t %all be no m6 ,if we ex]cise our und]/&+ on ?is rem>kable in/ance ( creat+ en]gy1 x w t5d to excite 9 u ! mo/ augu/ ?\ghts ( t almighty ,be+1 :o is ! b\ndless s\rce ( exi/5ce1 vitality1 & motion to all 8 creatures6 ,9 ! "w ( creation1 obs]ves a le>n$ au?or1 aft] ! =mation ( light1 air1 wat]1 & e>?1 ! orig9als ( all mat]ial objects1 ,god proce$$ f creatures less excell5t to ^? ( a sup]ior ord]4 ,su* 0 8 progress 9 ! "w ( creation4 ,fi% & f[l 7 bo? =m$ out ( ! wat]4 ,h5ce !re is a ne>] alliance & great] resemblance betwe5 ! =m & motions ( creatures t swim & ^? t fly1 ?an betwe5 su* z creep & ^? t walk on ! e>?2 & _! bodies be+ int5d$ to be light]1 & _! motion swift]1 ! wise ,creator saw fit to =m !m f a light & fluid elem5t4 ,! numb] ( ! diff]5t species ( fi% to :i* names are giv51 & ) ^: figure at lea/ we are a little acqua9t$1 is1 accord+ to ,l9nu1 above f\r hundr$4 ,! majority ( ^! are conf9$ to ! sea1 & w\ld expire 9 ! fre% wat]1 ?\gh !re are a few :i* annually swim up ! riv]s1 to deposit _! spawn4 ,among ! v>i\s sizes1 "s h mon/r\s %apes1 & amaz+ qualities4 ,fi%es are usually class$ into ?ree g5]al divisions3 ! cetace\s1 or ^? ( ! :ale k9d2 ! c>tilag9\s1 or ^? :i* h gri/les in/ead ( bones2 & ! sp9\s1 or bony k9d1 call$ s f _! bones resembl+ ! %>pness ( ?orns4 ,9 ! cetace\s species are includ$ all ! v>i\s k9ds ( ,:ales1 ! ,nor:al1 or ,sea-,unicorn1 ! ,dolph91 ! ,grampus1 & ! ,porpoise4 ,?\gh 8,god creat$ great :ales10#ada ! words ( ,moses1 accord+ to ! orig9al1 ha-tan-ne59 ha-g$ole51 says ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 mu/ be und]/ood r z a g5]al ?an a p>ticul> t]m1 compris+ all ! great aquatic animals1 su* z ^! n[ m5tion$4 ,all ^! resemble quadrup$s 9 _! int]nal /ructure1 & 9 "s ( _! appetites & affections4 ,l quadrup$s1 !y h lungs1 a midriff1 a /oma*1 inte/9es1 liv]1 sple51 bladd]1 & p>ts ( g5]ation2 _! he>t also resembles t ( quadrup$s1 ) its p>titions clos$ up z 9 !m1 & driv+ r$ & w>m blood 9 circulation ?r\gh ! body2 & to keep ^! p>ts w>m1 ! :ole k9d are also cov]$ betwe5 ! sk9 & ! muscles ) a ?ick] coat ( fat or blubb]4 ,! aorta1 or pr9cipal art]y1 9 t /up5d\s animal ! :ale1 measures ab\t a foot 9 diamet]2 & x is comput$ t ! quantity ( blood ?r[n into x1 at e pulsation ( ! he>t1 is n less ?an f t5 to fifte5 gallons4 8,nature's /range "w1 va/ ,:ales ( diff]+ =m1 ,toss up ! tr\bl$ floods & are !mselves a /orm2 ,unc\? ! sight1 :5 !y1 9 dreadful play ,dis*>ge _! no/rils1 & refund a sea2 ,or angry la% ! foam ) hide\s s\nd1 ,& scatt] all ! wat]y du/ ar\nd4 ,fe>less ! fi]ce de/ructive mon/]s roll1 ,+ulph ! fi%1 & drive ! fly+ %oal4 ,9 deepe/ seas ^! liv+ isles appe>1 ,& deepe/ seas c sc>ce _! pressure be>3 ,_! bulk w\ld m ?an fill ! %elvy /rait1 ,& fa?om'd dep?s w\ld yield b5ea? _! weight40 ,^! animals possess+ f9] organs & high] s5sations ?an o!rs1 %[ an em95t sup]iority4 ,!y h all ! t5d]ness ( birds or quadrup$s = _! "y1 nurse !m ) con/ant c>e1 & protect !m f e injury4 ,! female nev] produces m ?an "o "y1 or two at ! mo/2 & ?is %e suckles entirely 9 ! mann] ( quadrup$s1 h] brea/s be+ plac$1 z 9 ! human k9d1 above ! navel4 ,! ends ( ^! %e protrudes at pleasure1 to af=d nutrim5t to h] (fspr+4 ,p]haps ! prophet ,j]emiah has an eye to ?is :5 he says1 8,! sea-mon/]s draw out ! brea/1 !y give suck to _! "y ones40 ,^? ( ! c>tilag9\s k9d1 ?\gh n capable ( nurs+ _! "y1 yet br+ !m alive into ! _w1 & def5d !m ) c\rage & activity2 :ile ! sp9\s k9d1 a fi]ce1 unm9dful tribe1 deposit _! spawn1 & leave ! success to accid5t1 )\t af=d+ any protection4 ,z ?is fir/ class ( sea animals brea! ! air1 x is obvi\s !y _c be> to be a long "t at once "u wat]4 ,!y necess>ily1 e two or ?ree m9utes1 em]ge to ! surface to take brea?1 z well z to sp\t out ?r\gh _! no/ril 7= !y h b "o71 t wat] :i* !y suck$ 9 :ile gap+ = _! prey4 8,huge/ ( liv+ creatures1 on ! deep1 ,/ret*$ l a promontory1 sleeps or swims1 ,& seems a mov+ l&1 & at 8 gills ,draws 91 & at 8 trunk sp\ts out1 a sea40 ,_! tails !re=e are diff]5t f ^? ( all o!r fi%3 !y are plac$ s z to lie flat ^u ! surface ( ! wat]2 :ile ! o!r k9ds h _! tails1 z we frequ5tly see1 upright or edge-ways4 ,?is position ( ! tail enables !m to =ce !mselves sudd5ly to ! surface ( ! wat]1 at pleasure4 ,h[ well is x t animals ( ?is enorm\s size d n approa* our %ores1 = _! pres5ce w\ld fright ! o!r valuable fi% f our coa/s3 !y are !re=e kept 9 ! abysses ( ! ocean3 j z wild bea/s1 impell$ by ! same ov]-rul+ ,p[]1 :i* hide !mselves 9 ! recesses ( ! =e/4#adb ,! c>tilag9\s tribe1 :i* h gri/les in/ead ( bones1 unite ! pr9cipal ( bo? ! o!r classes 9 _! con=mation3 l ! cetace\s1 !y h organs ( he>+1 & lungs3 l ! sp9\s1 !y h gills1 & a he>t )\t a p>tition4 ,f ! /ructure ( _! gills1 ^! animals are enabl$ to live a long] "t out ( wat] ?an o!r fi%es4 ,! c>tilag9\s ,%>k1 or ,ray1 lives "s h\rs aft] x is tak52 :ile ! sp9\s ,h]r+1 or ,mack>el1 expires a few m9utes aft] x is br\ght on %ore4 ,"s ( ?is class br+ =? _! "y alive2 & o!rs produce !m by eggs1 :i* are aft]w>ds br\ght to maturity4 ,mo/ fi%es hav+ cold blood1 h n heat suffici5t to produce ! ftus4 ,! all-wise ,creator !re=e has orda9$1 t _m ( !m %all propagate _! species by eggs1 & ?is !y d ne> ! %ore2 :]e1 by means ( ! sol> rays1 ! wat] is w>m]1 & fitt] = t purpose2 & also because wat]-insects ab\nd m !re1 :i* af=d ! "y fry n\ri%m5t4 ,to ! fi% ( ! ocean1 :i* _c rea* ! %ores by reason ( ! di/ance1 ! ,creator has giv5 eggs t swim1 & ^! are hat*$ amid/ ! float+ fucus1 call$ s>gazo4 ,9 all1 h[ev]1 ! mann] ( ge/ation is ne>ly ! same3 =1 on dissection1 x is ev] f\nd1 t ! "y1 :ile 9 ! body1 cont9ue 9 ! egg till a v little "t be=e !y are br\ght =?2 & z soon z !y leave ! %ell1 !y also beg9 to quit ! womb4 ,x is confid5tly ass]t$1 t ! "y ( ! sev]al species ( ! ,%>k1 :5 pursu$1 w take refuge 9 ! belly ( its "m1 by swimm+ 9 at h] m\?4 ,( ! same class ( fi%es are ! ,ray1 ! ,torp$o1#adc ! ,lamprey1 ! ,/urgeon1 ! ,diodon1 ! ,angl]1 ! ,lump-,suck]1 ! ,pipe ,fi%1 ! ,hippocampus1 or ,sea ,horse1 ! ,sea ,porcup9e1 & ! ,galley ,fi%4 ,( ! sp9\s1 or bony k9d ( fi%es1 ^! are obvi\sly di/+ui%$ f ! re/1 by hav+ a complete bony cov]+ to _! gills2 by _! be+ furni%$ ) no o!r me?od ( brea?+ ?an ?r\gh ! gills only2 by _! bones :i* are %>p & ?orny2 & by _! tails1 :i* are plac$ 9 a situation p]p5dicul> to ! body4 ,! hi/ory ( any "o ( ?is ord] v mu* resembles t ( all ! re/4 ,!y propagate n by br++ =? _! "y alive1 z d ! cetace\s tribes1 nor by di/9ct eggs1 z d ! g5]ality ( ! c>tilag9\s tribes1 b by spawn1 or pease1 z !y are g5]ally call$1 :i* !y produce by hundr$s ( ?\s&s4 ,! bones ( ?is ord] ( fi%es1 :5 exam9$ slightly1 appe> to be entirely solid2 yet1 :5 view$ m closely1 e bone is se5 to be holl[1 & fill$ ) a sub/ance less rancid & oily ?an m>r[4 ,^! bones are v num]\s1 & po9t$2 &1 z 9 quadrup$s1 are ! props or /ays to :i* ! muscles are fix$1 :i* move ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 ,! numb] ( bones 9 all sp9\s fi%es ( ! same k9d is always ! same4 ,z ?is species p>take less ( ! quadrup$ 9 _! =mation ?an any o!r1 s !y c be> to live out ( _! own elem5t a %ort] "t4 ,"s1 inde$1 are m vivaci\s 9 air ?an o!rs3 ! eel w live sev]al h\rs out ( wat]2 & ! c>p has be5 kn[n to be fatt5$ 9 a damp cell>4 ,! me?od is1 by plac+ ! fi% 9 a net well wrapp$ up 9 wet moss1 ! m\? only out1 & hung up 9 a vault2 !n f$ ) :ite bread & milk1 & ! net sometimes plung$ into ! wat]4 ,! sp9\s class ( fi%es is m prolific ?an any o!r animal4 ,al?\gh _! usual way ( propagation is by spawn1 yet !re are "s1 su* z ! eel & ! bl5ney1 :i* produce _! "y alive4 ,_! p[] ( increas+ is su*1 t if !y 7 suff]$ to multiply unmole/$1 & rema9 undim9i%$ = only a few ye>s1 ! prog5y ( an individual w\ld f> exce$ all human calculation4 ,x is ass]t$1 t a s+le h]r+1 9 ! space ( tw5ty ye>s1 w\ld yield an (fspr+ great] 9 bulk ?an t5 su* globes z ?is we inhabit4 ,a female h]r+ deposits at lea/ #aj1jjj eggs1 9 ! sea ne> to ,great ,brita96#add ,a t5* lays #a1jjj eggs4 ,!re h be5 #bjj1jjj ova or eggs f\nd 9 a c>p2 & 9 "o ( eighte5 in*es1 #cdb1add3 9 a p]*1 weigh+ "o p\nd two ounces1 #fi1baf2 & 9 a /urgeon ( "o hundr$ & sixty p\nds1 !re 0 ! enorm\s numb] ( #a1dfg1ejj4 ,leew5hoeck c\nt$ 9 a middl+-siz$ cod1 n9e million #chd1jjj4 ,?is multiplication ( fi%es is v a/oni%+2 b ! fact is1 z !y are oblig$ to dev\r "o ano!r = necess>y subsi/5ce1 ! :ole natives ( ! deep )\t ^! extraord9>y supplies1 w\ld soon be totally ext9ct4 ,7 !y to br+ =? no m at a bir? ?an l& animals1 ! increase w\ld be f> too small = ! consumption4 ,! weak] species w\ld soon be de/roy$ by ! /rong]1 & ! latt] w\ld soon aft] p]i%4 ,!re=e to supply millions ( animals ) food1 & yet n depopulate ! wat]y realms1 ! issue produc$ by "s ( _! species is almo/ incr$ible4 ,! spawn is n by scores1 b by millions3 & by ?is amaz+ exp$i5t1 con/ant rep>ation is made proportionable to ! imm5se havoc4 ,z ! diff]5t species ( fi%es are design$ to occupy ! wat]s1 & range to & fro 9 t elem5t1 s !y are wond]fully =m$ = t purpose4 ,! *ief in/rum5ts ( ! motion ( a fi% are ! f9s1 :i* 9 "s fi%es are m num]\s ?an 9 o!rs4 ,! fi% 9 a /ate ( repose1 spreads all its f9s1 & seems to re/ on its pectoral & v5tral f9s ne> ! bottom3 on fold+ ! "r pectoral f91 its body incl9es to ! "r side2 & on fold+ ! left f91 x incl9es to t side4--,:5 ! fi% desires to h a retrograde motion1 /rik+ ) ! pectoral f9s1 9 a contr>y direction1 effectually produces x4 ,:5 ! fi% desires to turn1 a bl[ f ! tail s5ds x r\nd2 b if ! tail /rike bo? ways1 !n ! motion is progressive4 ,if ! dorsal & v5tral f9s be cut (f1 ! fi% reels bo? to ! "r & left1 & endeavors to supply its loss by keep+ ! re/ ( ! f9s 9 con/ant action4 ,if ! "r pectoral f9 be cut (f1 ! fi% leans to t side2 if ! v5tral f9 on ! same side be cut (f1 !n x loses its equilibrium entirely4 ,:5 ! tail is cut (f1 ! fi% loses all motion1 & is c>ri$ :]ev] ! wat] impels x4 ,9 addition to ! f9s1 an aquatic animal is furni%$ ) an air bladd]1 a philosophical app>atus 9 its body2 ?is su/a9s & enables x1 at w to raise itself to ! surface ( ! wat]1 or1 o!rwise1 to desc5d4 ,:5 any accid5t has bur/ ?is air bladd]1 or x has be5 punctur$ by way ( exp]im5t1 ! fi% rema9s at ! bottom ( ! vessel or riv]1 totally unable to asc5d4 ,fl\nd]s1 ,soles & ,skates1 :i* are )\t ?is app5dage1 seldom rise 9 ! wat]1 & :5 !y d1 require a great ef=t4 ,! simple action ( ! f9s is n suffici5t to raise ! fi%1 its specific gravity be+ great] ?an ! fluid 9 :i* x is imm]s$4 ,! bag conta9+ ! air is suppos$ to be muscul>1 & :5 ! air is compress$ into a small] compass by ! action ( ?is muscul> p[]1 ! bulk ( ! fi% is contract$ ) x2 :]eby1 s9ce ! absolute weight rema9s ! same1 ! specific gravity1 :i* is ! s9k+ =ce1 is increas$1 & ! fi% s9ks2 :51 on ! contr>y1 ?is compression is remov$1 ! air bladd] exp&s1 ! fi% is specifically light]1 & x asc5ds4 ,9 fi%1 we f9d ! arrangem5t ( ! tee? nicely adapt$ to ! habits ( ! diff]5t species4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! ,pike1 ! tee? are plac$ ) _! po9ts project+ backw>ds t[>ds ! ?roat1 by :i* an easy +ress is af=d$1 b :i* at ! same "t prev5ts all egress1 & reta9s mo/ effectually ! prey :5 seiz$4 ,! al>m excit$ among small] fi%es at ! approa* ( ! ,pike1 is ?us poetically express$3 8,bew>e1 ye h>mless tribes1 ! tyrant comes1 ,exclaims ! silv] mantl$ naiad ( ! pond2 ,bew>e1 ye flirt+ gudgeons1 b>bles fair1 ,& ye1 quick-swimm+ m9n[s1 glid+ eels1 ,& all :o brea! ! lucid cry/al ( ! lake1 ,or lively sport betwe5 ! da%+ :eels ,( riv] mills1 bew>e2 ! tyrant comes6 ,grim dea? awaits y 9 8 gap+ jaws1 ,& lurks beh9d 8 hungry fangs--bew>e60 ,! ,sword-,fi% is di/+ui%$ by ! upp] jaw1 :i* runs out 9 ! figure ( a /rong & %>p sword1 sometimes to ! l5g? ( ?ree feet1 ) :i* he scruples n to engage ! :ale himself4#ade ,! ,sun-,fi% is "o r\nd mass ( fle%2 only x has two f9s1 :i* act ! "p ( o>s4 ,! great ,creator has beautifi$ ! innum]able myriads t swim 9 ! va/ ocean1 giv+ ! greate/ proportion to _! %apes1 ! gaye/ colors to _! sk9s1 & a poli%$ surface to _! scales4 ,! eyes ( "s are surr\nd$ ) a sc>let circle2 :ile ! backs ( o!rs are div]sifi$ ) crimson /a9s4 ,view !m :5 !y glance along ! /ream1 or :5 !y are fre% f _! native br9e2 ! silv] is n m bright1 nor ! ra9b[ m gl[+ ?an _! vivid1 glossy hues6 ,b we are lo/ 9 wond] at ! exquisite contrivance & delicate =mation ( _! gills3 by :i* !y are accommodat$1 ev5 9 t d5se m$ium1 ) ! b5efits ( respiration6 ,a piece ( me*anism ?is1 possess$ by ! meane/ ( ! wat]y tribe2 yet inf9itely surpass+1 9 ! f95ess ( ! /ructure ( its op]ation1 :atev] is curi\s 9 ! works ( art1 or commodi\s 9 ! palaces ( pr9ces4 ,z ! sp9\s ord] ( fi%es is extremely num]\s1 v>i\s modes ( class+ !m h be5 foll[$ by diff]5t naturali/s4 ,! simple/ is t ( ,l9nu1 :o ranks !m 9 f\r divisions1 accord+ to ! positions ( ! f9s4 ,! #a/ division is :at t celebrat$ naturali/ t]ms ,apodal2 & includes ! mo/ imp]fect ( ! ord]1 namely1 ^? :i* want ! v5tral or belly f9s1 & x consi/s ( ! foll[+ g5]a3--,! ,eel1 ! ,wolf-,fi%1 ! ,launce1 or ,s&-,eel1 & ,! ,sword ,fi%4--,! #b;d division consi/s ( ! ,jugul> fi%es1 or ^? :i* h v5tral f9s be=e ! pectoral1 or ne>] to ! gills2 & includes ! ,dragonet1 ! ,weev]1 ! ,cod1 & ! ,bl5ny4 ,! #c;d division is call$ ! ,?oracic1 or ^? fi%es :i* h ! belly f9s imm$iately "u ! pectoral2 & includes ! ,goby1 or ,ro*-,fi%1 ! ,bull-head1 ! ,doree1 ! ,fl\nd]1 ! ,wrasse1 ! ,p]*1 ! ,/ickleback1 ! ,mack]el1 ! ,surmulet1 & ! ,gurn>d4 ,! #d? division consi/s ( ! ,abdom9al1 or ^? :i* h ! v5tral f9s beh9d ! pectoral1 ne>] ! tail1 & includes ! ,loa*1 ! ,salmon1 ! ,pike1 ! ,arg5t9e1 ! ,a!r9e1 ! ,mullet1 ! ,fly+-,fi%1 ! ,h]r+1 ! ,c>p1 c4 ,to ! fi%es1 includ$ 9 ^! f\r divisions1 mu/ be add$1 all ! sev]al species belong+ to ea*1 "s ( :i* are num]\s4 ,!re are two classes ( animals inhabit+ ! wat]1 :i* commonly receive ! "n ( fi%es1 entirely diff]5t f ! prec$+ ones1 & also v di/9ct f ea* o!r4 ,!y are divid$ by naturali/s into cru/ace\s & te/ace\s3 bo? ( :i*1 be+ totally unlike fi%es 9 appe>ance1 seem to inv]t ! ord] ( nature4 ,z ^? ( ! cetace\s1 c>tilag9\s1 & sp9\s ord]s1 h _! bones on ! inside1 & _! muscles ext]nally plac$ = ! purpose ( life & motion2 s ^!1 on ! contr>y1 h all _! bony p>ts on ! outside1 & _! muscles )94 ,= in/ance1 p]sons :o h se5 a ,lob/]1 or an ,oy/]1 p]ceive t _! %ells be> a /rong analogy to ! bones ( o!r aquatic animals2 & t by ^! cov]+s !y are su/a9$ & def5d$4 ,cru/ace\s fi%es1 su* z ! ,crab & ,lob/]1 h %ells resembl+ a firm cru/1 & 9 "s measure capable ( yield+ to pressure or /r5g?4 ,te/ace\s fi%es1 su* z ! ,oy/] or ,cockle1 are furni%$ ) %ells ( consid]able h>dness1 v brittle1 & susceptible ( yield+ to compressure l ! o!rs4 ,( ! cru/ace\s k9ds1 are ! ,lob/]1 ! ,crab1 & ! ,turtle3#adf & ! te/ace\s1 includes ! num]\s tribes ( ,oy/]s1 ,muscles1 ,cockles1 & ,sea ,snails4 ,"s ( ^! are extremely prolific4 ,"u ! tail ( a ,lob/]1 ,dr4 ,ba/] says1 he c\nt$ #ab1ddd eggs1 besides ^? t rema9$ 9 ! body unprotrud$4 ,! female ,turtle lays ab\t eighty or n9ety eggs at a "t1 ea* ! size ( a pigeon's egg1 9 a hole prep>$ ) h] =e feet 9 ! s&1 a little above ! high-wat] m>k1 :i* %e cov]s s dext]\sly1 t x is no easy task to f9d ! place2 & !n returns to ! sea1 leav+ !m to be hat*$ by ! sol> rays4 ,at ! end ( fifte5 days1 %e deposits ab\t ! same numb] ( eggs aga93 & 9 fifte5 days m1 repeats ! same2 ?ree times 9 all1 us+ ! same precautions e "t = _! safety4 ,among %ell-fi%1 h[ v>i\s is _! figures8 ,! %ells ( "s seem to be ! rude production ( *ance1 r ?an ( skill or design4 ,yet1 ev5 9 ^!1 we f9d ! nice/ dispositions4 ,?\gh unc\?1 !y are exactly suit$ to ! exig5cies ( _! respective t5ants4 ,"s1 on ! o!r h&1 are extremely neat2 _! /ructure is all symmetry & elegance2 no enamel is comp>able to _! poli%4 ,n a room 9 all ! palaces ( ,europe is s adorn$ z ! t5em5t ( ! little fi% t dwells 9 ,"m ( ,pe>l4 ,:]e else is su* a mixture ( r$1 blue1 & gre51 s delightfully /a9+ ! mo/ cle> & glitt]+ gr\nd8 ,b :at is m admirable ?an all _! beauty1 is ! provision made = _! safety4 ,z !y h no spe$ to escape1 s !y h no dext]ity to elude _! foe3 s t1 7 !y nak$1 !y mu/ be an easy prey to e free-boot]4 ,to prev5t ?is1 :at is only clo?+ to o!r animals1 is to !m clo?+1 habitation1 & ca/le4 ,!y h a =tification :i* gr[s ) !m1 & is "p ( !mselves4 ,& by means ( ?is1 !y live secure amid/ millions ( rav5\s jaws4 ,! d>k inky fluid1 :i* ! ,cuttle-,fi% emits :5 al>m$1 n only t+es ! wat]1 b1 at ! same "t1 is s bitt]1 z imm$iately to drive (f its enemies4 8,?' endang]$ cuttle ?us evades 8 fe>s1 ,& native ho>ds ( fluid safely be>s4 ,a pit*y ink peculi> gl&s supply1 ,^: %ades ! %>pe/ beams ( light defy4 ,pursu$ he bids ! sable f\nta9 fl[1 ,&1 wrapt 9 cl\ds1 eludes ?' imp5d+ foe4 ,! fi% retreats unse51 :ile self-born night1 ,) pi\s %ade1 befri5ds h] p>5t's flight40 ,! ,nautilus1 :5 he means to sail1 dis*>ges a quantity ( wat] f 8 %ell1 by :i* x is r5d]$ light] ?an ! surr\nd+ m$ium1 &1 ( c\rse1 rises to ! surface4 ,! %ell =ms a k9d ( boat1 & he ext5ds two ( 8 arms upw>d1 :i* are ea* furni%$ at _! extremity ) an oval membrane1 t he unfurls to ! w9d = a sail4 ,! o!r six arms hang ov] ! sides ( ! %ell1 & supply ! place ( ei!r o>s or rudd]1 ) :i* he r[s himself along4 ,:5 dispos$ to dive1 he /rikes sail1 & at once s9ks to ! bottom4 ,:5 ! wea!r is calm1 he asc5ds aga91 & p]=ms 8 voyage )\t *>t or compass4 8,two feet !y upw>ds raise1 & /eady keep2 ,^! are ! ma/s & rigg+ ( ! %ip4 ,a membrane /ret*$ betwe5 supplies ! sail1 ,b5ds f ! ma/s1 & swells be=e ! gale4 ,! o!r feet hang paddl+ on ea* side1 ,& s]ve = o>s to r[1 & helm to guide4 ',tis ?us !y sail1 pleas$ ) ! wanton game1 ,! fi%1 ! sailor1 & ! %ip ! same4 ,b1 :5 ! swimm]s dread "s dang] ne>1 ,! sportive pleasure yields to /rong] fe>3 ,no m !y wanton drive be=e ! bla/s1 ,b /rike ! sails1 & br+ d[n all ! ma/s4 ,! roll+ waves _! s9k+ %ells o'erfl[1 ,& da% !m d[n aga9 to s&s bel[40 ,?us1 we see1 accord+ to ! b5efic5t purpose & bless+ ( ,god1 ! 8wat]s br+ =? abundantly40 ,! f9ny tribes are num]\s beyond all calculation2 !y cr[d to our %ores 9 va/ abundance1 f :i* our m>kets are regul>ly & pl5tifully suppli$4 ,&1 z "o judici\sly obs]ves1 :at a m]ciful provision is ?is = ! necessities ( man6 ,_m hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( mank9d live1 dur+ a great "p ( ! ye>1 on fi% only4 ,fi%es1 :i* are liable to few diseases1 af=d n only a :olesome1 b a v nutritive diet2 & g5]ally come 9 va/ quantities to our %ores1 :5 9 _! greate/ p]fection4 ,9 ?is also we may p]ceive t ! k9d provid5ce ( ,god goes h& 9 h& ) 8 creat+ en]gy2 =1 :ile manife/+ 8 wisdom & p[]1 he is mak+ a p]man5t provision = ! su/5ance ( man ?r\gh all 8 g5]ations4 ,! ,mack]el1 ! ,h]r+1 & v>i\s o!r k9ds1 :5 lean1 w&] up & d[n ! ocean3 b :5 fat !y ?rong our creeks & bays1 or haunt ! runn+ /reams4 ,:o bids ^! creatures leave our %ores :5 !y become unfit = our s]vice8 ,:o rallies & recalls ! undiscipl9$ vagrants1 z soon z !y are improv$ into desirable food8 ,surely ! furl\gh is sign$1 ! summons issu$1 & ! po9t ( re-union settl$1 by a ,provid5ce ev] indulg5t to mank9d1 & load+ u ) b5efits4 ,by ! inv5tion & assi/ance ( magnify+ glasses1 ! two extremes ( ! creation1 z ,mr4 ,bak] intimates1 :i* 7 out ( ! rea* ( =m] ages1 h be5 br\ght "u our obs]vation3 ! telescope is direct$ to ! heav5ly bodies1 & ! microscope to unkn[n species ( animals1 c4 ,! fir/ appe>ance ( ! microscope 0 ab\t ! ye> #afba2 s9ce :i* p]iod x has be5 v mu* improv$4 ,x is to ?is valuable optical in/rum5t t we are indebt$ = a great "p ( our pres5t philosophy3 we are br\ght into a k9d ( new _w4 ,numb]less animals are discov]$1 :i*1 f _! m9ut5ess1 mu/ o!rwise = ev] h escap$ our obs]vation4 ,h[ _m k9ds ( ^! invisibles !re may be1 says ,mr4 ,adams1 is /ill unkn[n2 z !y are disc]n$ ( all sizes1 f ^? :i* are b>ely invisible to ! nak$ eye1 to su* z resi/ ! action ( ! microscope1 z ! fix$ />s d t ( ! telescope1 & ) ! greate/ p[]s hi!rto inv5t$ appe> only z s _m mov+ po9ts4 ,! smalle/ liv+ creatures our in/rum5ts c %[1 are ^? :i* inhabit ! wat]s2 = ?\gh animalcules1 equally m9ute1 may fly 9 ! air1 or creep ^u ! e>?1 x is sc>cely possible to get a view ( !m2 b z wat] is transp>5t1 & conf9es ! creatures 9 x1 we are able1 by apply+ a drop ( x to our glasses1 to discov]1 to a c]ta9 degree ( smallness1 all t x conta9s4 8,:]e ! pool ,/&s mantl$ o'er ) gre51 invisible1 ,amid ! float+ v]dure millions /ray4 ,ea* liquid1 too1 :e!r x pi]ces1 soo!s1 ,inflames1 refre%es1 or exalts ! ta/e1 ,) v>i\s =ms ab\nds4 ,nor is ! /ream ,( pure/ cry/al1 nor ! livid air1 ,?\gh "o transp>5t vacancy x seem1 ,void ( _! unse5 p4 ,^!1 conceal$ ,by ! k9d art ( =m+ ,heav51 escape ,! gross] eye ( man3 =1 if ! worlds ,9 worlds inclos$ %\ld on 8 s5ses bur/1 ,f cates ambrosial & ! nect>$ b[l1 ,he w\ld abhorr5t turn2 & 9 dead night1 ,:5 sil5ce sleeps o'er all1 be /unn$ ) noise40 ,leew5hoeck calculates1 t a ?\s& millions ( animalcules1 :i* may be discov]$ 9 common wat]1 are n altoge!r s l>ge z a common gra9 ( s&6 ,em95t naturali/s h discov]$ n less ?an #cj1jjj 9 a s+le drop ( wat]6 ,:at a display is ?is ( ! manifold wisdom ( ,god6 ,:ile he makes "s ( ! aquatic tribes s l>ge1 t !y seem to require almo/ a :ole sea to float 91 he =ms o!rs s a/oni%+ly m9ute1 t sev]al ?\s&s w adh]e to ! po9t ( a ne$le4#adg ,e animalcule be+ an organiz$ body1 h[ delicate & subtile mu/ ! p>ts be t are necess>y to con/itute x1 & to pres]ve its vital actions6 ,h[ inconceivably small mu/ x be1 & yet a p]fect animal4 ,9 animalcules1 we discov] ! same multiplication ( p>ts1 div]sity ( figures1 & v>iety ( motions1 z 9 ! l>ge/ animals4 ,h[ amaz+ly curi\s mu/ be ! int]nal /ructure ( ^! creatures6 h[ m9ute ! bones1 jo9ts1 muscles1 t5dons6 h[ exquisitely delicate ! ve9s1 art]ies1 n]ves6 ,:at a numb] ( vessels & diff]5t circulations mu/ be conta9$ 9 "o ( ^! little creatures1 & yet all h suffici5t room = ! p]=mance ( _! sev]al functions1 )\t int]f]+ ) ea* o!r6 ,x is difficult to conceive h[ 9 s n>r[ a compass1 !re %\ld be conta9$ a he>t z ! f\nta9 ( life propell+ ! circulat+ fluid1 ve9s & art]ies z ! conductors ( ! blood1 a bra9 to supply n]ves 9 e "p ( ! m9ute /ructure1 muscles necess>y to its motions1 gl&s = ! secretion ( its fluids1 /oma*1 & b[els to dige/ its food1 eyes to direct its progress1 a m\? to take 9 its n\ri%m5t1 & organs ( g5]ation to propagate its k9d6 8,h[ sweet to muse ^u ,8 skill display'd 7,inf9ite skill67 9 all t he has made4 ,to trace 9 ,nature's mo/ m9ute design1 ,! signature & /amp ( ,p[] ,div9e2 ,contrivance exquisite express$ ) ease1 ,:]e unassi/$ sight no beauty sees2 ,! %apely limb & lubricat$ jo9t1 ,)9 ! small dim5sions ( a po9t2 ,muscle & n]ve miracul\sly spun2 ,8 mighty "w1 :o speaks1 & x is done2 ,?' invisible 9 ?+s sc>ce se5 reveal$2 ,to :om an atom is an ample field40 ,animalcules 9 g5]al1 cont9ues ,mr4 ,adams1 are obs]v$ to move 9 all directions ) equal ease & rapidity1 sometimes obliquely1 sometimes /raight =w>d2 sometimes mov+ 9 a circul> direction1 or roll+ ^u "o ano!r1 runn+ backw>ds & =w>ds ?r\gh ! :ole ext5t ( ! drop1 z if div]t+ !mselves2 at o!r times gre$ily attack+ ! little p>cels ( matt] !y meet )4 ,not)/&+ _! extreme m9ut5ess1 !y "k h[ to avoid ob/acles1 or to prev5t any int]f]5ce ) "o ano!r 9 _! motions3 sometimes !y w sudd5ly *ange ! direction 9 :i* !y move1 & take an opposite "o2 &1 by incl9+ ! glass on :i* ! drop ( wat] is1 z x c be made to move 9 any direction1 s ! animalcules appe> to move z easily aga9/ ! /ream z ) x4 ,:5 ! wat] beg9s to evaporate1 !y flock t[>ds ! place :]e ! fluid is1 & %[ a great anxiety & uncommon agitation ( ! organs ) :i* !y draw 9 ! wat]4 ,^! motions gr[ languid z ! wat] fails1 & at la/ cease altoge!r1 )\t a possibility ( r5ewal if !y be left dry = a %ort "t4 ,!y su/a9 a great degree ( cold z well z insects1 & w p]i% 9 mu* ! same degree ( heat t de/roys insects4 ,"s animalcules are produc$ 9 wat] at ! freez+ po9t1 & "s insects live 9 sn[4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts = ,april1 #ahcj1 !re is a lett] to ! editor1 f ,dr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,muse1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 8,:5 ! w9t] _h made consid]able progress1 )\t mu* fro/1 !re happ5$ a heavy fall ( sn[2 appreh5d+ t ,i might n h an opportunity ( fill+ my ice h\se ) ice1 ,i ?rew 9 sn[1 p]haps en\gh to fill x2 !re 0 aft]w>ds sev]ely cold wea!r1 & ,i fill$ ! rema9d] ) ice2 ab\t ,augu/ ! wa/e & consumption ( ice1 br\ght u d[n to ! sn[2 :5 x 0 discov]$ t a glass ( wat] :i* 0 cool$ ) x1 conta9$ hundr$s ( animalcules1 ,i !n exam9$ ano!r glass ( wat]1 out ( ! same pit*]1 & ) ! aid ( a microscope1 be=e ! sn[ 0 put 9 x1 f\nd x p]fectly cle> & pure2 ! sn[ 0 !n ?r[n into x1 & on solution ! wat] aga9 exhibit$ ! same ph5om5on2 hundr$s ( animalcules1 visible to ! nak$ eye ) acute att5tion1 & :5 view$ ?r\gh ! microscope resembl+ mo/ dim9utive %rimps2 & :olly unlike ! eels discov]$ 9 ! acet\s acid1 7 se5 9 ! full enjoym5t ( animat$ nature4 8,i caus$ holes to be dug 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! mass ( sn[ 9 ! ice h\se1 & to ! c5tre ( x2 & 9 ! mo/ unequivocal & repeat$ exp]im5ts _h simil> results40 ,!re is "o rem>kable circum/ance1 says ,mr4 ,lobb1 t we mu/ n pass ov] 9 our contemplation ( ^! m9ute animals3 :i* is1 t !y are f\nd proportionably mu* /rong]1 m active & vivaci\s1 ?an l>ge ones4 ,! spr+ ( a flea 9 its fir/ leap1 h[ va/ly does x out/rip any ?+ ( :i* animals are capable6 ,a mite1 h[ va/ly swift] does x run ?an a racehorse6 ,m4 de ,l',isle has giv5 ! computation ( ! velocity ( a little creature sc>cely visible by its smallness1 :i* he f\nd to run ?ree in*es 9 half a second3 n[1 suppos+ its feet to be ! fiftie? "p ( a l9e1 x mu/ make #ejj /eps 9 ! space ( ?ree in*es2 t is1 x mu/ %ift its legs #ejj times 9 a second1 or 9 ! ord9>y pulsation ( an art]y6 ,! modes ( propagation among ^! animalcules are v>i\s1 & ! obs]vation ( !m is extremely curi\s4 ,"s multiply by a transv]se division2 & x is rem>kable1 t ?\gh 9 g5]al !y avoid "o ano!r1 x is n uncommon1 :5 "o is ne>ly divid$1 to see ano!r pu% itself ^u ! small neck :i* jo9s ! two bodies 9 ord] to accel]ate ! sep>ation4 ,o!rs1 :5 ab\t to multiply1 fix !mselves to ! bottom ( ! wat]2 !n becom+ fir/ oblong1 & aft]w>ds r\nd1 turn rapidly z on a c5tre1 b p]petually v>y+ ! direction ( _! rotatory motion4 ,9 a little "t1 two l9es =m+ a cross are p]ceiv$3 aft] :i* ! sph]ule divides into f\r1 :i* gr[1 & are aga9 divid$ z be=e4#adh ,a ?ird k9d multiply by a longitud9al division1 :i* 9 "s beg9s 9 ! =e "p1 9 o!rs 9 ! h9d "p2 & f o!rs a small fragm5t deta*es itself1 :i* 9 a %ort "t assumes ! %ape ( ! p>5t animalcule4 ,la/ly1 o!rs propagate 9 ! same mann] z ! m p]fect animals4 ,! same rule seems to hold good 9 ^! m9ute creatures1 :i* is obs]vable 9 ! l>g] animals1 namely1 t ! l>g] k9ds are less num]\s ?an su* z are small]1 :ile ! smalle/ ( all are f\nd 9 su* multitudes1 t !re seem to be myriads = "o ( ! o!rs4 ,!y increase 9 size1 l o!r animals1 f _! bir?1 till !y h atta9$ _! full gr[?3 & :5 depriv$ ( prop] n\ri%m5t1 !y 9 l mann] gr[ ?9 & p]i%4 ,&1 if ! extreme m9ut5ess ( ! p>ts ( animalcules is n m]ely surpris+1 b f> above our utmo/ conception1 :at %all we say to ^? v>i\s species1 to :i* ! mite itself1 9 po9t ( size1 is1 z x 71 an elephant8 ,naturali/s suppose ano!r species1 or ord]1 ( invisible animalcules2 namely1 su* z escape ! cognizance ev5 ( ! be/ microscopes1 & give _m probable conjectures conc]n+ !m4 ,reason & analogy give "s support to ! exi/5ce ( an inf9ite numb] ( ^! imp]ceptible creatures4 ,! nak$ eye1 say "s1 takes 9 f ! ,elephant to ! ,mite2 b !re comm5ces a new ord]1 res]v$ only = ! microscope1 :i* compreh5ds all ^! f ! ,mite to ^? tw5ty-sev5 millions ( times small]2 & ?is ord] _c be said to be exhau/$1 if ! microscope be n arriv$ at its la/ degree ( p]fection4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among ! ,egyptians1 all ! natives ( ! wat] 7 9 "s degree e/eem$ sacr$4 ,9 _m p>ts ! p did n fe$ ^u !m4 ,! prie/s 9 p>ticul> nev] ta/$ ?is k9d ( food2 & ! reason :y !y ab/a9$ f x1 0 ! sanctity imput$ to ?is class ( creatures4 ,= !y 7 sometimes consid]$ z sacr$ emblems3 at o!r times wor%ipp$ z real deities4 ,"o species ( fi% call$ ,oxurun*us1 _h1 accord+ to ,/rabo1 a temple1 & div9e honors paid to x4 ,a fi% call$ ,phagrus1 01 accord+ to ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 wor%ipp$ at ,sy5e4 ,! ,lepidotus & ,eel1 71 z we f9d f ,h]odotus1 objects ( adoration2 be+ ea*1 sacr$ to ! god ,nilus4 ,?is is ridicul$ by ,antiphanes1 :o says1 t an ,eel among ! ,egyptians 0 rev]5c$ equally ) _! gods4 ,! ,jews 7 "u a div9e prohibition n to make an idolatr\s grav5 image or lik5ess ( any aquatic animals4 ,h[ev] /range ?is idolatry may appe>1 yet1 su* 0 its ext5t1 t x prevail$ n only 9 ,syria1 b 9 ! bord]s ( ,lebanon1 also at1 ,ascalon1 ,a%dod1 & ,joppa1 cities )9 ! prec9cts ( ! tribes ( ,dan & ,judah4 ,h5ce we see ! propriety ( ! judgm5ts inflict$ ^u ! ,egyptians4 8,& ! ,"l spake unto ,moses1 ,say unto ,a>on1 ,take ?y rod1 & /ret* out ?9e h& ^u ! wat]s ( ,egypt1 ^u _! /reams1 ^u _! riv]s1 & ^u _! ponds1 & ^u all _! pools ( wat]1 t !y may become blood4--,aga9/ all ! gods ( ,egypt ,i w execute judgm5t4--,& ! fi% t 0 9 ! riv] di$3 & ! riv] /unk40 ,?is 0 a puni%m5t p>ticul>ly well adapt$ to ! /ate ( t bl9d$ & infatuat$ p3 z x %[$ !m ! bas5ess ( ^? elem5ts :i* !y rev]5c$1 & ! insuffici5cy ( ! gods 9 :i* !y tru/$4 ,& ?is rem>kable display ( ! ,div9e displeasure 0 ! means ( af=d+ k v salut>y to ! ,israelites2 z x s]v$ to w>n !m n to fall into ! same or any simil> act ( idolatry1 :5 !y _h se5 x ?us debas$ & expos$1 & att5d$ ) su* in/ances ( accumulat$ evil4#adi ,fa!r ,lamy rem>ks1 t ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ,fi%es are ! gills1 scales1 & f9s4 ,"s h scales1 & no f9s2 o!rs h nei!r scales nor f9s4 ,^u :i* is f\nd$ ! di/9ction :i* ,moses makes ( clean & unclean fi%es4 ,su* z h nei!r scales nor f9s are ?\ght unclean4 ,! au?ority = ?is is :at ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses to communicate to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 8,^! %all ye eat ( all t are 9 ! wat]s3 :atsoev] ha? f9s & scales 9 ! wat]s1 9 ! seas1 & 9 ! riv]s1 !m %all ye eat4 ,& all t h n f9s & scales 9 ! seas1 & 9 ! riv]s1 ( all t move 9 ! wat]s1 & ( any liv+ ?+ :i* is 9 ! wat]s1 !y %all be an abom9ation unto y3 !y %all be ev5 an abom9ation unto y2 ye %all n eat ( _! fle%1 b y %all h _! c>cases 9 abom9ation40 ,! physical reason = ?is di/9ction may be1 because ^? :i* h f9s & scales are ! mo/ n\ri%+2 & ! o!rs1 :i* are )\t f9s & scales1 be+1 9 g5]al1 v difficult ( dige/ion1--su* z ! ,cong]1 ,eel1 c1 :i* are too gross & fat = _m /oma*s4 ,among ! ,romans1 no fi%es 7 suff]$ to be (f]$ up 9 sacrifice1 or s]v$ up to ! table ( ! gods1 b su* z 7 scaly4 ,9 ?is di/9ction1 direction1 & prohibition1 conc]n+ fi%es1 !re is a fur!r mean+4 ,dr4 ,sp5c] says1 8,god orda9$ ?is di/9ction ( meats1 t ! pu]ile nation ( ! ,hebrews might be l$ by an application ( ?is law to ! fir/ elem5ts ( sanctity & actual purity4 ,& ?is conjecture is f\nd$ ^u ! reason ,god himself has assign$ = ?is in/itution2 = aft] he _h deliv]$ ! law ab\t sep>at+ ! clean f ! unclean animal1 he imm$iately adds1 #8,be ye holy1 = ,i ! ,"l y\r ,god am holy4' ,:i* words ,/4 ,pet] applies n to legal b to evangelical sanctity1 su* z we %\ld aspire to ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( our lives4 ,i mu/ n d5y t ! text ( ,leviticus1 9 ! outw>d lett]1 requires only a sort ( legal sanctity1 ext5d+ m]ely to corporeal purification3 b x is agreeable to ! umbratic nature ( t law1 t we %\ld believe ^? words to h conta9$ a m sacr$ mean+ at ! bottom1 & to h direct$ ! ,jews to a sort ( purity prop]ly s call$1 & con=mable to t ( ! ,div9e nature itself1 "u ! figure ( ext]nal purification40 ,inde$ )\t a view to ! moral purification ( ! s\l1 an in/itution m]ely affect+ ! body w\ld be b ( m9or importance4 ,?is di/9ction !n be+ f\nd$ ^u ! moral pr9ciples ( good & evil1 no d\bt ! peculi>ities ( ! animals !mselves w s]ve to furni% in/ruction4 ,a celebrat$ writ] on ?is subject rem>ks3--,! progressive motion ( fi%es is ow+ to ! tail3 = s may a boat be driv5 =w>d by ! agitation ( a s+le o> f ! /]n4 ,! f9s s]ve to keep a fi% upright1 & support x :ile x is /ation>y 9 any "p ( ! wat]4 ,! c5tre ( gravity be+ above ! middle region ( ! body1 a fi% floats unnaturally ) its back d[nw>ds1 :5 ! f9s are tak5 (f4 ,! scales ( fi%es1 :i* are v h>d1 bright1 & radiat$1 compose a sort ( armor1 :i* s]ves = _! def5ce1 & adds at ! same "t an appe>ance ( light & purity4 ,! fi%es ?us di/+ui%$ diff] z mu* 9 _! way ( life f ! smoo? & slimy inhabitants ( ! wat]s1 z 9 _! color & appe>ance2 = !y are g5]ally dispos$ to raise !mselves f ! bottom1 & swim ab\t ) agility 9 ! sup]ior regions ( ! wat]2 :ile ! ,eel buries itself 9 ! mire1 & all ! cru/ace\s tribe lie scrabbl+ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,fi%es ( ! ,eel or snake k9d are di/urb$ by ?und] & /orms1 & swim ab\t :5 ! wat]s are ?ick & turbul5t3 b z soon z ! elem5ts are at re/ aga91 !y pres5tly slide d[n to _! native mud4 ,?us ! m9d1 :5 pollut$ ) impiety1 & b[$ d[n ) unbelief1 _c be rais$ to ! contemplation ( evangelical tru?1 unless x is al>m$ by ! fe> ( ,div9e judgm5ts2 on :i* occasion pr(ligate s9n]s are sometimes mo/ viol5tly agitat$1 hurry+ !mselves z fa/ z !y c into a /ate ( rep5tance4 ,b z ?is is a tempor>y rep5tance1 excit$ m]ely by a fe> ( suff]+1 ! effect abides no long] ?an ! cause cont9ues to op]ate2 & s _! t]rors & _! p5it5ce vani% toge!r4 ,:5 !re 0 al>m+ ?und] & de/ructive hail 9 ! l& ( ,egypt1 & fire f ! ,"l ran along ! gr\nd1 ev5 ,ph>aoh c\ld recollect himself1 & say1 8,i h s9n$ ?is "t3 ! ,"l is righte\s1 & ,i & my p are wick$4 ,b :5 he saw t ! ra91 & ! hail1 & ! ?und]s 7 ceas$1 he s9n$ yet m1 & h>d5$ 8 he>t1 he & 8 s]vants40 ,su* is ! fruitless issue ( t involunt>y rep5tance1 :i* has no pr9ciple ( ,div9e grace to support x4 ,! moral ( ?is di/9ction is obvi\s3 ! :ole be+ a figurative monition1 t a sordid & grovel+ way ( life 0 to be abhorr$ by ^? :o pr(ess$ to s]ve ,god2 ^: m9d be+ "u ! direction ( reveal$ tru?1 & influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s1 _! affections 7 to be rais$ f vice to virtue1 f pollution to purity1 f ?+s temporal to ?+s et]nal4 ,!re are _m p]sons :o bury !mselves 9 ! mud l ! ,eel1 dr[n _! s5ses 9 eat+ & dr9k+1 or wa/e _! preci\s "t 9 sleep & idl5ess2#aej utt]ly disreg>d+ all s]i\s reflection1 devotional elevation1 holy rectitude1 & spiritual enjoym5t4 ,our ,savi\r1 :o spake _m ?+s to ! ,jews 9 p>ables1 says1 8,! k+dom ( heav5 is l unto a net t 0 ca/ into ! sea1 & ga!r$ ( e k9d3 :i*1 :5 x 0 full1 !y drew to %ore1 & sat d[n1 & ga!r$ ! good into vessels1 b ca/ ! bad away40 ,?is 0 spok5 to fi%]m51 :o _h be5 call$ f _! employm5t by our ,"l1 & to :om he said1 8,i w make y fi%]s ( m540 ,!y _h hi!rto be5 labor+ to cat* fi%1 b h]eaft] !y 7 to cat* m53 ?us _! secul> call+ is turn$ into a spiritual *annel4 ,! ^w is said to mean a drag-net1 ! p>ticul> use ( :i* is to drag fi%es up f ! bottom ( ! wat]4 ,! similitude betwe5 t occupation f :i*1 & t employm5t to :i* our ,savi\r call$ !m1 consi/s 9 ^! p>ticul>s3--! sea 9 :i* !y 7 n[ to fi% is ! _w1 ! fi%es !y 7 to cat* are ,jews & ,g5tiles1 ! net ) :i* !y 7 to cat* !m is ! ,gospel1 & !y !mselves 7 to be fi%]m54 ,or ?us3--by ! net may be und]/ood ! ,gospel2 by ! sea into :i* x is ca/1 ! unconv]t$ _w2 by ca/+ ! net into ! sea1 ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel2 by ^? t ca/ ! net into ! sea1 m9i/]s2 by ! fi%es enclos$1 ! he>]s2 by ! net ga!r+ ( e k9d ( fi%es1 pr(ane p]sons z well z s9c]e ,*ri/ians2 by ! net be+ full & drawn to %ore1 a set "t com+ :5 ! ,gospel %all h fulfill$ t = :i* x 0 s5t1 ! my/]y ( ,god be+ f9i%$2 by ! good be+ ga!r$ into vessels z valuable & preci\s1 & ! bad ca/ away z vile & contemptible1 t sep>ation :i* %all be made at ! f9al close ( "t betwe5 m]ely nom9al & real ,*ri/ians1 ca/+ ! =m] into hell1 & br++ ! latt] to heav54 ,?is p>abolical me?od ( convey+ important in/ruction1 by :i* heav5ly ?+s are repres5t$ & set =? by expressions borr[$ f e>?ly ?+s :i* are famili> to u1 0 v anci5t1 z appe>s f ,jo?am's p>able1 & mu* 9 use among ! ,jews4 ,x engag$ ! att5tion1 because x 0 pleasant2 x assi/$ ! memory1 :i* is apt to reta9 :at is convey$ 9 ?is =m2 x excit$ inquiry aft] ! mean+ ( :at 0 !reby int5d$3 &1 consequ5tly1 0 likely to be r5d]$ b5eficial to ! he>]s4 ,fa!r ,quesnel rem>ks1 ,! net ( ,god's ^w1 animat$ by 8 ,_s1 draws s\ls out ( ! abyss ( s9 & error1 to ,*ri/ian fai? & piety4 ,! net & vessel ( ! visible *ur* receives bo? ! good & bad fi%es1 true ,*ri/ians & hypocrites4 ,?is is nei!r ! "t1 nor ! place ( di/9ction2 all mu/ cont9ue mix$ toge!r till ! great day ( sep>ation4 ,a man's be+ 9 ! *ur* w n infallibly assure him ( salvation3 z yet !re is "t to become su* z we ought to be4 ,b ! mom5t w come1 :5 all desires & endeavors to ?is purpose w be att5d$ only ) despair4 ,& :o kn[s b ?is mom5t may be j at h&4 ,our fai? is v weak if we c ?9k ( be+ sep>at$ f ! righte\s )\t %udd]+4 ,our love ( salvation is v fa9t1 if we d n endeavor e>ne/ly to sep>ate ourselves 9 ?is _w f ! wick$1 by ! hol9ess ( our lives & conv]sation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,ii4--,,on ,,f[ls4 ,numb] ( ,species -- ,sup]iority & peculi> ,con/ruction -- ,skill 9 build+ _! ,ne/s -- ,p[] & season ( ,propagation -- ,dext]ity 9 provid+ ,food -- ,in/9ct -- ,migrations -- ,insects -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 ,n any "p ( nature is de/itute ( inhabitants4 ,! woods1 ! wat]s1 ! dep?s ( ! e>?1 h _! respective t5ants2 :ile ! transp>5t & ela/ic air1 & ^? regions :]e man c nev] so>1 b ) mu* art & at consid]able risk1 are occupi$ ) ! mo/ beautiful creatures4 ,e ord] ( animals is fitt$ = its situation 9 life2 b none m app>5tly s ?an birds4 ,?\gh inf]ior to bea/s 9 ! scale ( nature1 yet !y hold ! next rank1 & f> surpass fi%es & insects1 bo? 9 ! /ructure ( _! bodies1 & 9 _! sagacity4 ,! numb] ( species 9 ?is ord] ( animals is v num]\s1 am\nt+ to above eight hundr$4 ,z "s degree ( classification appe>s necess>y1 !y h !re=e be5 arrang$ into eight ord]s4 ,! #a/ is ! ,/ru?i\s1 or ,o/ri* ord]1 or ^? :i* nev] rise f ! e>?4 ,?is includes ! ,o/ri*1 ! ,cass[>y1 ! ,dodo1 ! ,solit>y1 & ! ,naz>5e4 ,! #b;d is ! ,rapaci\s ord]4 ,?is includes ! ,eagle1 ! ,condor1 ! ,vulture1 ! ,falcon1 ! ,%rike1 or ,but*]-,bird1 & ! ,owl4 ,! #c;d is ! ,gall9ace\s1 or ,p\ltry ord]1 :i* is )\t bo? ! talons & ! hook$ bill ( ! rapaci\s k9d4 ,?is includes ! ,bu/>d1 ! ,cock1 ! ,turkey1 ! ,p9tada1 or ,gu9ea-,h51 ! ,gr\s1 ! ,peacock1 ! ,pheasant1 ! ,curass[1 ! ,p>tridge1 & ! ,quail4 ,! #d? is :at "s au?ors h t]m$ ! ,columb9e ord]4 ,?is includes ! ,dove1 or ,pigeon1 ) its v>ieties4 ,! #e? is ! ord] ( ,pies4 ,?is includes ! ,cr[1 ! ,roll]1 ! ,k+-,fi%]1 ! ,cuckoo1 ! ,wood-,peck]1 ! ,oriole1 ! ,nu?at*1 ! ,bee-,eat]1 ! ,wryneck1 ! ,creep]1 ! ,hornbill1 ! ,p>rot1 ! ,ani1 ! ,wattle ,bird1 ! ,grackel1 ! ,bird ( ,p>adise1 ! ,beef-,eat]1 ! ,curucui1 ! ,b>bets1 ! ,jacam]1 ! ,tody1 & ! ,humm+ ,bird4 ,! #f? is ! ,pass]9e1 or ,sp>r[ k9d4 ,?is includes ! ,/>l+1 ! ,?ru%1 ! ,*att]]s1 ! ,grosbeaks1 ! ,bunt+1 ! ,f9*1 ! ,fly-,cat*]s1 ! ,l>k1 ! ,wagtail1 ! ,w>bl]s1#aea ! ,titm\se1 ! ,swall[1 ! ,goatsuck]1 ! ,coly1 ! ,tanag]1 & ! ,manak9s4 ,! #g? is ! ,clov5-foot$ ,wat]-,f[l1 includ+ ^? ) p9nat$ feet4 ,?is includes ! ,h]on1 ! ,ibis1 ! ,curl[1 ! ,snipe1 ! ,s&pip]1 ! ,plov]1 ! ,oy/]-,cat*]1 ! ,prat9cole1 ! ,rail1 ! ,gall9ule1 ! ,boatbill1 ! ,umbre1 ! ,jacana1 ! ,%ea?bill2 & ) p9nat$1 or f9n$ feet1 ! ,phal>ope1 ! ,coot1 & ! ,grebe4 ,& ! #h? is ! ,web-foot$ ,wat]-,f[l4 ,?is includes ! ,avoset1 ! ,c\ri]1 ! ,flam+o1 ! ,auk1 ! ,guillemot1 ! ,div]1 ! ,t]n1 ! ,petrels1 ! ,gull1 ! ,m]sang]1 ! ,duck1 ! ,pelican1 ! ,albatross1 ! ,skimm]1 ! ,p5gu91 ! ,tropic ,bird1 & ! ,d>t]4 ,^! eight ord]s take 9 ! sev]al species belong+ to ea*1 "s ( :i* are v num]\s2 ! ,duck g5us alone embraces "o hundr$ species1 diff]+ mu* bo? 9 size & plumage4 ,?us we see 9 birds also1 t ,god has %[n 8 wisdom & 8 p[]1 9 ! gradation f ! va/ ,o/ri*1 & ,cass[>y1 to ! ,humm+-,bird1 :i*1 9 size is n mu* l>g] ?an ! ,bee4 8,! ourissia1 bee-l 9 its size1 ,humm+ f fl[] to fl[] delight$ flies1 ,& 9 a wondr\s liv+ ra9b[ dre/1 ,%ifts all its colors on its w+s & brea/40 ,( all animat$ be+s1 ?is little bird is ! mo/ elegant 9 =m1 & sup]b 9 colors4 ,! em]ald1 ! ruby1 & ! topaz1 sp>kle 9 its plumage1 :i* is nev] soil$ by ! du/ ( ! gr\nd4 ,9 ,mr4 ,bullock's ,museum1 ,piccadilly1 !re is a case conta9+ m ?an "o hundr$ ,humm+-birds2 & 9 ! 8,companion0 to ?is delightfull repository ( natural hi/ory1 an int]e/+ acc\nt is giv5 ( ?is little creature1 t flutt]s f fl[] to fl[]1 brea!s _! fre%ness1 wantons on ! w+s ( ! cool+ zephyrs1 sips ! nect> ( a ?\s& sweets1 & resides 9 climes :]e reigns ! beauty ( et]nal spr+4 ,! legs1 ! w+s1 ! bones1 ev5 all p>ts ( _! bodies1 are mu* light]1 firm]1 & m compact 9 birds ?an 9 o!r animals4 ,_! lungs are ext5d$ ov] all ! cavities ( _! bodies4 ,c>niv]\s birds1 l c>niv]\s quadrup$s1 h b "o /oma*1 :]e _! food is moi/5$ or swell$2 a gizz>d1 :i* is a v h>d muscle1 almo/ c>tilag9\s1 & :i* !y commonly fill ) small /ones1 :]e ! food is aft]w>ds gr\nd1 9 ord] to facilitate its complete dige/ion4 ,9 birds !re is no rum9at+3 b 9 su* z are n c>niv]\s1 ! food is imm$iately swall[$ into ! crop1 or anti-/oma* 7:i* is obs]v$ 9 _m1 especially piscivor\s birds17 :]e x is moi/5$ by "s prop] juice1 & !n transf]r$ to ! gizz>d1 by ! work+ ( ^: muscles1 assi/$ by small pebbles1 swall[$ = t purpose1 x is gr\nd small1 & s transmitt$ to ! inte/9es4 ,birds we f9d suppli$ ) a corney sub/ance1 in/ead ( tee? & lips4 ,_! bills are cut into v>i\s %apes1 adapt$ to _! diff]5t habits4 ,! %>p edge & temp]$ po9t ( ! ,sp>r['s beak1 enables x to pick e se$ f its concealm5t2 break+ ! gra9 to obta9 ! k]nel4 ,! hook$ beak ( ! ,hawk sep>ates1 l a dissector's knife1 ! fle% f ! bones ( ! animals on :i* x preys4 ,! spoon-bill ( ! ,goose enables h] to graze1 & collect food f ! bottoms ( ! pools4 ,birds ( ! ,crane k9d1 :i* seek _! food among ! wat]s1 hav+ no web-feet1 are suppli$ ) long legs = wad+1 or long bills = grop+1 & usually bo?3 ^! are admirably adapt$ to ! %all[ pools ( wat]1 or sides ( riv]s1 :i* !y frequ5t4 ,b 9 birds liv+ by suction1 !y are s]rat$1 or too?-l2 ^! d n s]ve ! purpose ( tee?1 b act z a sieve1 or /ra9]1 sep>at+ nicely f mud "s nutrim5t conducive to ! pres]vation ( life4 ,! s5se ( see+ 9 birds is rem>kably acute2 & ?\gh _! want ( ext]nal e>s is suppli$ by only two small orifices or e>-holes1 yet !y d n appe> defici5t 9 he>+4 ,! sc5t ( "s species is exquisitely delicate4 ,m5 :o att5d decoys :]e ducks are caught1 g5]ally keep a piece ( turf light$1 on :i* !y brea!1 le/ ! f[ls %\ld smell !m & fly away4 ,! voice ( birds is mu* l\d] 9 proportion to _! size1 ?an t ( o!r animals2 = 9 fact1 ! bell[+ ( an ,ox is n he>d at a mu* great] di/ance ?an ! scream ( a ,peacock4 ,! cov]+ ( birds is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ beautiful4 ,_! fea!rs are light1 smoo?1 & w>m1 incl9+ backw>d1 d[ny at ! /em1 ov]lapp+ at _! tips1 beautifully v>iegat$1 & =m+ a raim5t1 v>y+ 9 circum/ances1 s z always to suit ! habits ( ! bird4 ,! con/ruction ( a s+le fea!r is 8a me*anical wond]40 ,we see at ! /em1 a t\gh1 light1 pliant1 & ela/ic mat]ial1 only f\nd 9 fea!rs2 also ! pi?1 :i* fe$s ! fea!rs1 a sub/ance peculi> to t purpose2 likewise ! be>d1 :i* gr[s on ea* side ( ! /em1 & is /ripp$ (f :5 mak+ p5s1 ! sep>ate ?reads ( :i* are call$ filam5ts1 or rays4 ,^! appe> /rong] :5 press$ p]p5dicul>ly to _! plane1 ?an :5 rubb$ ei!r up or d[n 9 ! l9e ( ! /em2 & ?is arises f ! lam91 ( :i* ^! be>ds are compos$1 be+ flat1 & plac$ ) _! flat sides t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh !y are easily made to approximate ea* o!r1 yet !y require m =ce 9 a contr>y direction1 hav+ to enc\nt] ! impulse ( ! air1 :i* requires m /r5g?4 ,we f9d also1 t ^! ?reads1 9 _! natural /ate1 unite2 & _c1 be p>t$ )\t =ce1 al?\gh n jo9$ by any glut9\s adhesion1 b by a me*anical contrivance4 ,&1 if sep>at$ by =ce or accid5t1 :5 br\ght toge!r !y imm$iately reclasp1 resum+ _! =m] smoo?ness4 ,^! ?reads are int]lac$ ) ea* o!r1 by means ( a va/ numb] ( fibres1 or tee?1 :i* !y protrude on ea* side2 fifty ( ^! h be5 c\nt$ 9 #a-bj? ( an in*3 !y are curv$ aft] a diff]5t mann] f ! filam5ts on :i* !y gr[4 ,^? :i* proce$ f ! side t[>d ! beg9n+ ( ! quill-end1 are %ort]1 firm]1 & turn upw>d4 ,^? on ! side t[>d ! extremity ( ! fea!r1 are long]1 m flexible1 & b5t d[nw>d4 ,!y !re=e act ?us2 :5 ! two lam9 are press$ toge!r1 s t ! long fibres are =c$ f> en\gh ov] ! %ort ones1 _! crook$ p>ts fall into ! cavity made by ! crook$ p>ts ( ! o!rs1 j z a lat* ent]s ! cavity ( a cat* on ! door po/4 ,all ?is beautiful /ructure may be se5 by ! microscope4 ,9 ! ,o/ri*1 ^: fea!rs1 or o!r filam5ts1 hang loose l d[n1 ?is me*anism is want+4 ,b z ?is bird does n fly1 & requires assi/ance only 9 runn+1 p]haps ?is =mation is be/ adapt$ = t purpose4 ,small birds1 :i* d n migrate 9 ! w9t] season1 h ! inn] side ( _! fea!rs black1 because ?is is ! w>me/ color3 h5ce ! heat ( ! bird is prev5t$ f escap+4 ,! fea!rs ( birds appe> to be n\ri%$ & pres]v$ 9 a rem>kable mann]2 especially ^? t mu* frequ5t wat]s1 = !y h a l>g] supply ( oily sub/ance1 ) :i* to trim !m4 ,le/ ! fea!rs %\ld be injur$ by exposure to ! air1 e bird is furni%$ ) a gl& situat$ on ! rump1 conta9+ a prop] quantity ( oil1 :i* x presses out ) its beak1 & ) :i* x occasionally ano9ts !m4 ,9 wat] f[ls1 ?is oil is s pl5tiful1 t x ev5 imp>ts a degree ( rancidity to ! fle%2 & by x1 _! plumy coat is r5d]$ completely wat]pro(4 ,z ,god made ! f[ls 8t !y might fly 9 ! firmam5t ( heav510 s has he adapt$ ! =m ( _! bodies1 & ! /ructure & disposition ( _! plumage1 = t v purpose4 ,! head & neck 9 fly+1 are drawn pr9cipally )9 ! brea/bone1 s t ! :ole und]p>t exhibits ! appe>ance ( a %ip's hull4 ,! w+s are us$ z sails1 or r o>s1 & ! tail z a helm or rudd]4 ,by means ( ^!1 ! creature is n only able to pres]ve ! c5tre ( gravity1 b also to accel]ate its spe$ ?r\gh ! air1 ei!r /raight =w>d1 circul>ly 9 any k9d ( angle1 z well z upw>d or d[nw>d4 ,?\gh ! greate/ "p ( ! arial creation are adorn$ ) fea!rs1 yet has ! ,deity enabl$ sev]al to fly )\t !m2 su* z ! ,bat1 "o species ( ,liz>d1 two sorts ( fi%es1 & numb]less k9ds ( insects4 ,! skill ) :i* birds erect _! h\ses1 & adju/ _! ap>tm5ts1 is inimitable4 ,! caution ) :i* !y conceal !m f ! se>*+ eye1 or intrud+ h&1 is admirable4 ,!y fix _! ne/s on ! pliant bran*es t wave al(t 9 ! air1 or are susp5d$ ov] ! fl[+ /ream3 by ^! means ! v]nal gales rock _! cradle1 & ! murmur+ wat]s lull _! "y2 :ile bo? concur to t]rify _! enemies1 & h a t5d5cy to prohibit _! approa*4 ,"s hide _! d[ny (fspr+ f view1 amid/ ! %elt] ( entangl$ furze4 ,o!rs1 ) w>y solicitude1 place !m 9 ! c5tre ( a ?orny ?icket4 ,& ?us1 by a v>iety ( exp$i5ts1 !y are g5]ally z secure1 z if intr5*$ beh9d an impregnable m\nd4 8,"s to ! holly-h$ge ,ne/l+ repair1 & to ! ?icket "s2 ,"s to ! rude protection ( ! ?orn ,commit _! feeble (fspr+3 ! cleft tree ,(f]s its k9d concealm5t to a few1 ,_! food its insects1 & its moss _! ne/s4 ,o!rs ap>t1 f> 9 ! grassy dale1 ,or r\gh5+ wa/e1 _! humble texture weave4 ,b mo/ 9 woodl& solitudes delight1 ,9 unfrequ5t$ glooms1 or %aggy banks1 ,/eep1 & divid$ by a babbl+ brook1 ,^: murmurs soo! !m all ! live-long day1 ,:5 by k9d duty fix$4 ,among ! roots ,( hazel1 p5d5t o'er ! pla9tive /ream1 ,!y frame ! fir/ f\ndation ( _! domes2 ,dry sprigs ( trees1 9 artful fabric laid1 ,& b\nd ) clay toge!r4 ,n[ 'tis n\ght ,b re/less hurry ?r\gh ! busy air1 ,beat by unnumb]$ w+s4 ,! ,swall[ sweeps ,! slimy pool1 to build 8 hang+ h\se ,int5t4 ,& (t51 f ! c>eless back ,( h]ds & flocks1 a ?\s& tugg+ bills ,pluck hair & wool2 & (t1 :5 unobs]v$1 ,/eal f ! b>n a /raw3 till s(t & w>m ,clean & complete1 _! habitation gr[s40 ,if ! ,swan has l>ge sweep+ w+s1 & a copi\s /ock ( fea!rs1 to spread ov] 8 call[ "y2 ! ,wr5 supplies by contrivance :at is want+ 9 h] bulk4 ,?\gh small1 %e has to nurse a v num]\s issue2 !re=e ) surpris+ sagacity designs1 & ) wond]ful dilig5ce f9i%es h] ne/1 be+ a neat oval1 bottom$ & vault$ ov] ) a regul> concave1 )9 made s(t ) d[n1 )\t ?at*$ ) moss1 & hav+ only a small ap]ture left = h] entrance4 8,x w9s my admiration1 ,to view ! /ructure ( t little "w1 ,a bird's ne/4 ,m>k x well )91 )\t4 ,no tool _h he t wr\ght1 no knife to cut1 ,no nail to fix1 no bodk9 to ins]t1 ,no glue to jo93 8 little beak 0 all1 ,& yet h[ neatly f9i%$60 ,by ?is means1 ! animat+ heat ( h] body is greatly increas$ dur+ ! "t ( incubation4 ,& h] "y no soon] bur/ ! %ell1 ?an !y f9d !mselves scre5$ f ! annoyance ( wea!r1 & com=tably repos$1 till !y ga!r suffici5t /r5g? & plumage 9 _! w>m recess1 to make _! fir/ essay into ! wide expanse4 ,z to ! succession ( ?is class ( animals1 "s are endu$ ) a rem>kable p[] ( propagat+1 :ile o!rs are conf9$ )9 n>r[ limits4 ,9 g5]al1 ! lea/ animals1 & ^? :i* are useful & s]ve = n\ri%m5t to ! greate/ numb] ( o!r animals1 are ! mo/ prolific4 ,! ,hawk k9d g5]ally lay n m ?an two eggs1 or at mo/ f\r2 :ile ! ,p\ltry species produce f #ej to #ajj4 ,! ,div]1 or ,loon1 :i* is eat5 by a few animals1 lays also two eggs2 b ! ,duck k9d1 ! ,moorgame1 ,p>tridges1 c1 & small birds1 lay a v great numb]4 ,if we suppose two pigeons to hat* n9e times a ye>1 !y may produce 9 f\r ye>s #ad1gfj "y6 ,birds g5]ate 9 t p>ticul> season :i* supplies !m ) a /ock ( provisions1 suffici5t1 n only = !mselves1 b = _! increas+ families4 ,!y hat* _! "y :5 new-born insects sw>m on e side4 ,s t ! cat]]1 :e!r x be ! male or female p>5t1 ne$s only alight on ! gr\nd1 or make a %ort excursion into ! air1 to f9d a repa/ ready dress$ = ! t5d] *>ge at home4 ,! love !y h = _! (fspr+1 :ile helpless1 is inv9cibly /rong4#aeb ,!y nurse !m ) ! greate/ c>e1 c>ess !m ) affectionate notes1 put food into _! m\?s1 *]i% & keep !m w>m1 tea* !m to pick1 eat1 & ga!r food3 :]eas1 ! mom5t !y are able to provide = !mselves1 ?is anxi\s c>e vani%es z ?\gh x _h nev] be54 ,! ,h51 :ile cat]+ = h] little brood1 w\ld fly at a ma/iff 9 _! def5ce3 yet1 9 a few weeks1 leaves !m to _! own protection1 n reg>d+ !m any m ?an o!rs ( ! same species4 ,!y also provide _! food ) admirable art1 :i* dext]ity !y br+ into ! _w ) !m4 ,"s birds1 ?\gh n aquatic1 live on fi%3 & mu/ necess>ily f9d x m difficult to seize _! prey ?an ,wat]-f[l4 ,f :5ce d !y d]ive ?is natural in/9ct8 ,!y /& on ! br9k ( ! liquid elem5t1 & :5 a %oal ( fi% comes 7:i* !y c discov] at a di/ance17 !y pursue !m1 skim along ! surface1 sudd5ly dive into ! wat]1 & c>ry (f a fi%4#aec ,:o gave ! birds ( prey _! pi]c+ sight1 undaunt$ c\rage1 & ! de/ructive weapons1 )\t :i* !y c\ld n possibly subsi/8 ,:o po9ts out to ! ,/ork ! place :]e %e may f9d frogs#aed & insects = h] support8 ,9 ord] to procure ^!1 %e mu/ seek !m n only 9 mead[s1 b also 9 ! furr[s ( fields2 & cont9ue h] se>* till ! approa* ( morn+1 :5 ! o!r birds awake & beg9 to quit _! places ( retreat4 ,:at amaz+ /r5g? mu/ ! ,condor h1 see+ x c c>ry away a %eep1 a de]1 & ev5 prey on ! ox itself6 ,h[ c we reconcile t mat]nal in/9ct :i* causes ! quail to adopt little birds ( e species1 :i* %e n only takes "u h] protection1 b be/[s on !m h] t5d]e/ c>es6 ,:at cunn+ does ! ,cr[ use to secure ! prey1 :i* %e _c dev\r at once8 ,%e hides x 9 places su* z o!r ,cr[s d n frequ5t1 & :5 hungry aga91 h[ well does %e "k :]e %e has deposit$ x6#aee ,!re are also sev]al birds1 :i*1 :5 food beg9s to fail1 hide !mselves 9 ! e>?1 or 9 caves1 9 a torpid /ate1 dur+ ! w9t]4 ,we are assur$1 at lea/1 t be=e ! approa* ( ?is season1 ! ,/r&-,swall[s conceal !mselves 9 ! e>?2 ! ,wall-,swall[s repair to ! holes ( trees & old build+s2 & ! ,h\se1 or ,common ,swall[s seek = ponds1 :]e !y fa/5 !mselves 9 pairs1 cl+ to roots or we$s1 cont9ue )\t motion1 & app>5tly )\t life1 till ! return ( spr+1 :5 !y are re-animat$1 & return f t /ate ( torpidity4 ,! inf9itely wise ,creator has giv5 diff]5t in/9cts to birds2 none ( :i* is sup]flu\s1 or useless1 b ea* is indisp5sably necess>y to ! pres]vation & well-be+ ( ! animal4 ,! motion ( birds n only requires /r5g? & well-=m$ pliant limbs1 b also in/9ct to direct _! movem5ts4 ,!y h ea* two feet2 b _! bodies d n re/ p]p5dicul>ly on !m1 = !y project bo? be=e & beh9d2 & yet a *ick w /& upright & run ab\t almo/ z soon z x leaves ! %ell4 ,"y ,ducks1 j hat*$ by a ,h51 "k _! own elem5t1 & swim ab\t 9 ! wat] )\t example or in/ruction4 ,o!r birds "k h[ to rise up f _! ne/s into ! air1 balance !mselves1 pursue _! c\rse1 make equal /rokes ) _! w+s 9 true "t1 /ret* out _! feet to equipoise _! bodies1 use _! tails l an o> or rudd]1 to direct _! flight1 & make long j\rneys f _! native c\ntry to unkn[n regions4 ,! migration ( birds is truly a/oni%+6 ,v few sp5d ! w9t] ) u3 ! ,yell[-,hamm]1 ! ,*aff9*1 ! ,cr[1 ! ,rav51 ! ,sp>r[1 ! ,wr51 ! ,p>tridge1 ! ,rob91 & ! ,fieldf>e1 are ! pr9cipal4 ,mo/ ( ! o!rs ei!r retire to "s invisible resort1 or leave u entirely4 ,"s k9ds ( birds1 )\t tak+ any high flight1 or sett+ (f 9 troops1 draw gradually t[>ds ! s\?1 to seek ^? se$s & fruits :i* are mo/ cong5ial to _! ta/e2 b !y spe$ily return4 ,o!rs1 :i* are t]m$ 8birds ( passage10 collect at c]ta9 seasons 9 l>ge flocks1 & fly (f to o!r climates2 !y ev5 cross ! seas1 & make excursions ( a surpris+ l5g?4 ,! be/ kn[n birds ( ?is description are1 ! ,quail1 ! ,swall[1 ! ,wild-,duck1 ! ,plov]1 ! ,snipe1 & ! ,crane1 ) "s o!rs1 :i* subsi/ on worms4 ,9 spr+1 ! ,cranes pass f ,africa into ,europe1 9 ord] to enjoy a m temp]ate climate4 ,!y migrate 9 flocks l cl\ds2 & sometimes1 _! /r5g? be+ ne>ly exhau/$1 alight on %ips1 & are tak5 )\t any difficulty4 ,swall[s act 9 a diff]5t way3 :ile "s cont9ue 9 ,europe1 & seclude !mselves f our view z already obs]v$1 o!rs cross ! seas4 ,wild-,ducks & ,cranes also repair at ! approa* ( w9t] to mild] climates4 ,!y all assemble on a c]ta9 day1 & take _! flight toge!r4 ,!y commonly arrange !mselves 9 two l9es1 unit$ 9 "o po9t l an inv]t$ 1 ) a bird at ! head1 & o!rs foll[+ 9 ! l9es3 ^: beaks always re/ on ! tails ( ^? prec$+4 ,! lead] holds only a tempor>y commission3 & hav+ rel9qui%$ 8 *>ge1 re/s himself1 & is replac$ by ano!r4 ,b all birds ( passage d n take _! dep>ture 9 flocks3 = !re are "s :i* travel alone2 & o!rs ) _! females & "y4 ,x has be5 comput$ t !y may easily g #bjj miles 9 six h\rs ea* day1 suppos+ !y c take re/ at int]vals1 or dur+ ! night4 ,accord+ to ?is calculation1 !y may pass f our climates to ! ,equ9octial l9e 9 sev5 or eight days6 ,?is conjecture has be5 v]ifi$2 = ,swall[s h be5 se5 on ! coa/ ( ,s5egal on ! #i? ( ,octob]1 :i* 0 eight or n9e days aft] _! leav+ ,europe4 ,^! migrations are wond]ful 9 e po9t ( view6 ,d\btless ! diff]5ce ( heat & cold1 & want ( food1 apprize !m ( ! necessity ( *ang+ _! abode4 ,b :at reason c be assign$ = _! dep>ture at ! appo9t$ "t1 :5 ! season is suffici5tly mild1 & food /ill 9 abundance1 to invite _! cont9uance among u8 ,h[ d !y "k t o!r climates w af=d !m necess>y food & w>m?8 ,by :at op]ative p[] are !y impell$ to make ?is exit at ! same p]iod1 z if preconc]t$ by mutual agreem5t8 ,h[ c !y1 not)/&+ ! d>kness ( ! nights1 ! p]plexity ( ! road1 & ! remot5ess ( ! c\ntries to :i* !y are de/9$1 /ill hold on 9 a direct c\rse8 ,nature does n tea* !m all ?is art1 indu/ry1 & p5etration1 :i* s mu* surprise u3 if we sep>ate nature f its great ,au?or1 x is !n a ^w de/itute ( mean+4 8,nature is b a "n = an effect1 ,^: cause is ,god40 ,x is ,he alone :o gives wisdom to ! f[ls ( ! air4 ,god's sup]9t5d5ce ov] birds is p>ticul>ly notic$ by our ,savi\r4 8,behold ! f[ls ( ! air2 = !y s[ n1 nei!r d !y reap1 nor ga!r into b>ns2 yet y\r heav5ly ,fa!r fe$e? !m40 ,god ext5ds 8 provid5tial c>e to all 8 creatures1 n only to ^? :i* are dome/icat$ & receive _! supplies f m51 b also to ! f[ls ( ! air4 ,by a natural in/9ct !y "k h[ to select t k9d ( food :i* is suitable = alim5t1 & :]e to procure x2 b !y are )\t any p>ticul> solicitude & =eca/3 nor h !y ne$ ( ^!1 because ,god takes c>e to provide = !m4 ,/4 ,luke m5tions ! ,rav5s1 :i* are c>niv]\s creatures4 8,consid]10 says he1 8! rav5s3 = !y nei!r s[ nor reap2 :i* nei!r h /oreh\se nor b>n3 & ,god fe$e? !m40 ,god asks ,job1 8,:o provide? = ! rav5 8 food80 ,!re are b ?ree ?+s :i* conc]n su* creatures2 h[ _! crav+ appetites may be satiat$1 :]e !y may repose1 & by :at means !y may be protect$ f ! incursions ( _! enemies3 & = all ^! ,god has amply provid$4 ,he takes c>e ( _! food3 8he give? food to ! "y rav5s :i* cry10 & are ! mo/ helpless ( all creatures4 ,naturali/s obs]ve1 t ! ,rav5 exposes h] "y ones z soon z !y are hat*$1 leaves !m to provide = !mselves1 & /ruggle ) hung] z soon z !y em]ge into life2 s !y c]ta9ly w\ld p]i%1 if ,provid5ce did n int]f]e 9 _! behalf4 ,b ,god makes !m 8 *>ge1 & supplies _! voraci\s crav+s 9 due "t1 :e!r by ! insect1 ! reptile1 or ! dew f heav54 ,he protects _! re/1 & r5d]s _! habitations places ( refuge & safety4 8,! trees ( ! ,"l are full ( sap3 ! c$>s ( ,lebanon :i* he ha? plant$2 :]e ! birds make _! ne/s3 z = ! ,/ork1 ! fir-trees are h] h\se40 ,! meane/ classes ( s5sitive be+s are endu$ ) ! faculty ( in/9ct3 a sagacity :i* is nei!r d]iv$ f obs]vation1 nor awaits ! f9i%+ h& ( exp]i5ce2 :i* )\t a tutor tea*es !m all necess>y skill1 & enables !m1 )\t a patt]n1 to p]=m e ne$ful op]ation4 ,& :at is m rem>kable1 x nev] misleads !m1 ei!r into errone\s pr9ciples1 or p]nici\s practices3 nor ev] fails to aid !m 9 ! mo/ nice & difficult ( _! und]tak+s4--,! inhabitants ( ! hive subsi/ z a regul> community4 ----8,z bees ,9 ,spr+-"t1 :5 ! sun ) ,taurus rides1 ,p\r f\r? _! popul\s y\? ab\t ! hive ,9 clu/]s2 !y among fre% dews & fl[]s ,fly to & fro1 or on ! smoo!d plank1 ,! suburb ( _! /raw-built citadel1 ,new rubb$ ) balm1 expatiate & conf] ,_! /ate affairs3 s ?ick ! ary cr[d ,sw>m$ & 7 /rait5$40 ,_! indulg5t ,creator has giv5 !m all implem5ts necess>y ei!r = con/ruct+ combs1 or compos+ honey4 ,bees h ea* a portable vessel1 9 :i* !y br+ home _! collect$ sweets3 & h ! mo/ commodi\s /oreh\ses1 :]e9 to deposit !m4 ,!y readily di/+ui% e plant1 :i* af=ds mat]ials = _! bus9ess2 & are complete practition]s 9 ! arts ( sep>ation & ref9em5t4 ,aw>e t ! v]nal bloom & summ] sun are b = a season1 !y improve to ! utmo/ e %9+ h\r1 & lay up a /ock suffici5t to supply ! :ole society1 till _! fl[]y h>ve/ %all return4 ,insects1 :i* "s p]sons may consid] z s _m rude scraps ( creation1 ought to be class$ among ! mo/ poli%$ pieces ( ,div9e workman%ip4 ----8,9 ! va/ & ! m9ute ,! unambigu\s foot/eps ( ! ,god1 ,:o gives its lu/re to an insect's w+1 ,& :eels 8 ?rone ^u ! roll+ worlds40 8,! fir/ /ate 9 :i* insects appe>1 is t ( ! ovum or egg2 f ! egg is hat*$ ! insect 9 its l>va or cat]pill> /ate4 ,! l>va1 or maggot1 crawls on _m feet1 & is extremely voraci\s1 dev\r+ ! h]bage1 & /ripp+ trees ( _! leaves4 ,:5 ! "t arrives 9 :i* ! l>va or cat]pill> is to *ange into ! next /ate1 namely1 t ( *rysalis1 or pupa1 x ceases to fe$2 & hav+ plac$ itself 9 "s quiet situation = ! purpose1 lies /ill = sev]al h\rs2 & !n by a k9d ( labori\s ef=t1 frequ5tly repeat$1 dive/s itself ( its ext]nal sk91 or l>va coat1 & imm$iately appe>s 9 ! v diff]5t =m ( a *rysalis or pupa4 ,f ?is /ate em]ges1 at l5g?1 ! insect1 9 its complete or ultimate =m1 f :i* x c nev] *ange2 nor c x receive any fur!r increase ( gr[?4 ,?is la/ /age is d5om9at$ imago40 8,wak$ by 8 w>m] ray1 ! reptile "y ,come w+$ abroad2 by ! light air upborne1 ,light]1 & full ( s\l4 ,f e *9k1 ,& secret corn]1 :]e !y slept away ,! w9t]y /orms2 or ris+ f _! tombs1 ,to high] life2 by myriads1 =? at once1 ,sw>m+ !y p\r2 ( all ! v>i$ hues ,_! beauty-beam+ p>5t c disclose4 ,t5 ?\s& =ms6 t5 ?\s& diff]5t tribes6 ,p ! blaze40 ,_m ( !m are deck$ ) ! ri*e/ f9]y4 ,_! eyes are an assemblage ( microscopes4 ,! common ,fly1 = in/ance1 p]petually surr\nd$ ) enemies1 hav+ nei!r /r5g? to resi/1 nor a retreat to secure h]self1 has ne$ to be v vigilant1 & always on h] gu>d3 b h] head is s fix$ t %e _c turn x to see h] dang]2 ,provid5ce1 !re=e1 to supply ?is app>5t defect1 has giv5 h] m ?an a legion ( eyes1 insomu* t a s+le ,fly is suppos$ to h no less ?an eight ?\s&4 ,nay1 x is ass]t$ t ! common ,dragon-fly is furni%$ ) #be1jjj ( ^! dim9utive l5ses6 ,by ! help ( ?is truly amaz+ app>atus1 %e sees on e side1 ) ! utmo/ ease & spe$1 ?\gh )\t any motion ( ! eye1 or inflection ( ! neck4 ,! dress ( insects is a ve/ure ( respl5d5t colors1 bespangl$ ) an arrangem5t ( ! brighte/ gems4 8,! little gnat1 9 beauties1 may comp>e ,) all 8 rival bro!rs ( ! air2 ,transp>5t fea!rs1 purple1 gre5 & gold1 ,8 w+s1 small feet1 & gay-fr+$ tail enfold4 ,f\r %>p5$ spe>s 8 head ) weapons arm1 ,& 8 pe>l$ eyes ) livelie/ graces *>m4 ,9 d[n ( ev'ry v>iegat$ dye ,%9es1 flutt]+ s(t1 ! gaudy butt]fly1 ,t p[d] :i* ?y spoil+ h& disda9s1 ,! =ms ( quills & pa9t$ plumes conta9s2 ,nor c\rts c m magnific5ce express1 ,9 all _! blaze ( gems & pomp ( dress40 ,! expansion ( _! w+s displays ! f9e/ texture imag9able1 comp>$ to :i* lawn is z c\rse z sackclo?4 ,! cases1 :i* inclose _! w+s1 glitt] ) ! f9e/ v>ni%1 are scoop$ into ornam5tal flut+s1 /udd$ ) radiant spots1 or p9k$ ) elegant holes4 ,n "o b is endu$ ) weapons to seize 8 prey1 & dext]ity to escape 8 foe1 to despat* ! bus9ess ( 8 /ation1 & enjoy ! pleasure ( 8 condition4 ,x is affirm$ t ! female ( ! common h\se-fly is capable ( produc+ #bj millions #hj ?\s& #cbj2 h5ce we _c wond] at _! sw>m+ s mu* 9 autumn4 ,our au?or has devot$ v few rem>ks inde$ to insects2 yet ! hi/ory ( ?is class ( creatures is z int]e/+ z any o!r1 & is attract+ consid]able att5tion4 ,_! hi/ory is v f> f be+ complete3 _! numb] is n kn[n4 ,!y inhabit ! air1 wat]1 & e>?4 ,?is family ( creatures is call$ insects1 because ( ! articulations ( ! body1 s z to appe> not*$1 or int]sect$4 ,a brief notice ( "s ( _! pr9cipal p>ts foll[s1 :i* is *iefly tak5 f ,no4 ,,viii1 ( ! ,family ,libr>y1 publi%$ by ,j4 ,j4 ,h>p]1 ,new-,york4 ,m\?4--,all insects ei!r divide _! food1 or suck x4 ,9 ^? :i* divide _! food1 ! p>ts ( ! m\? are1 an upp] lip1 & an "u lip fix$ to a piece call$ ! *92 betwe5 ^! two !re are f\r lat]al pieces1 two on ea* side2 ! two upp] are call$ m&ibles1 ! two l[]1 jaws4 ,! m&ibles1 or upp] jaws cut ! food3 ! l[] jaws divide & ma/icate x4 ,! m\? ( ^? insects :i* suck _! food1 is elongat$ into a tongue or proboscis4 ,?is is a tube atta*$ to ! head4 ,9 "s x is compos$ ( two pieces connect$ by a jo9t2 = if x 7 con/antly ext5d$ x w\ld be too mu* expos$ to accid5tal injuries3 !re=e1 9 its indol5t /ate x is securely d\bl$ up by means ( ?is jo9t4 ,9 "s species1 z ! butt]fly1 ! proboscis1 :5 n 9 use1 is coil$ up l a wat*-spr+4 ,9 "s x is %ut up 9 a %>p-po9t$ %ea?1 :i* is ( firm] texture ?an ! proboscis1 & by :i* ! insect pi]ces ! food1 & !n op5s x )9 ! w\nd to all[ ! proboscis to p]=m its (fice by extract+ ! juice4 ,ant5n4--,^! are v sl5d] arms resembl+ hairs1 :i* project f ! heads ( almo/ all insects4 ,!re are g5]ally two to ea* insect1 :i* div]ge some:at4 ,! insects c move !m 9 all directions1 & :5 !y are se5 do+ ?is x commonly sugge/s ! idea t ^! ant5n are feel]s4 ,h[ev]1 _! functions are n c]ta9ly kn[n3 "s suppose !m to be organs ( s5se4 ,eyes4--,^! are g5]ally f\nd 9 ! head ( insects4 ,_! real numb] is1 usually1 two3 ! surfaces ( :i* are cut into _m small faces2 m ?an sev5te5 ?\s& h be5 c\nt$ 9 ! butt]fly4 ,ea* face on ! insect's eye is consid]$ z a cry/all9e l5s1 concave )91 & convex )\t4 ,!y h no eye-lids4 ,?orax1 or ?roat4--,?is is ! second division ( ! body1 & is plac$ directly beh9d ! head4 ,to ! ?orax are atta*$ ! w+s & legs3 commonly ?ree legs on ea* side4 ,two membranes compose ! w+1 plac$ "o above ! o!r4 ,cords1 or small n]ves1 are f\nd 9 ! upp] "o4 ,! expansion ( ! w+ is ow+1 z is suppos$1 to ! introduction ( a fluid1 at ! w ( ! insect1 into holl[ vessels :i* are detect$ 9 ! composition ( ! w+4 ,abdom54--,?is is ! ?ird division ( ! insect1 & is imm$iately connect$ ) ! ?orax by articulation3 x is compos$ ( r+s f "o to fifte54 ,mo/ ( ^! r+s h an op5 pore plac$ lat]ally1 ?r\gh :i* air has access to ! fluids 9 ! body4 ,9 "s insects ! la/ r+ conta9s ! anus2 9 o!rs1 ! organs ( g5]ation2 or ! means ( def5ce1 z a /+4 ,muscles4--,^! are said to be dispos$ 9 bundles1 ! fibres ( :i* are n connect$ by a cellul> membrane3 !y are fix$ to ! h>d p>ts1 :i* are to be mov$ by horny t5dons4 ,! ?orax conta9s ! muscles :i* move ! head up or d[n1 & ^? also :i* move ! w+s & ! feet4 ,9 "s ! muscles am\nt to f\r ?\s&4 ,! muscul> p[] ( "s ( ^! insects is a/oni%+1 z may be kn[n by ! di/ance !y c leap3 z ! flea1 & o!rs1 :i* leap two hundr$ times _! own l5g?4 ,if man c\ld d ?is he w\ld leap at a s+le ef=t1 m ?an "o ?\s& feet4 ,all insects are suppos$ to h a knott$ n]v\s sy/em4 ,! knot ne>e/ ! head is compos$ ( two lobes1 f :i* n]ves pass to ! eyes1 ant5n1 & m\?4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal common p>ts ( insects4 ,x w\ld be a delightful task to ent] into a m9ute description ( _! g5]a1 species1 habits1 modes ( life1 subsi/5ce1 def5ce1 attack1 c4 ,only two or ?ree c be notic$1 :i* mu/ be tak5 z a specim5 ( ! :ole4 ,! ,,bee4--,?is insect has attract$ ! att5tion ( ! obs]v+ 9 all ages4 ,on a pleasant summ]'s day ! hive pres5ts ! appe>ance ( a busy1 & popul\s city--! gates appe> to be cr[d$ ) _m workm5--"s go+ to se>* = food1 & o!rs return+ ) x--"s build+--"s t5d+ ! "y--"s cleans+ ! dwell+1 & o!rs c>ry+ out ! dead1 &1 app>5tly1 p]=m+ "s honorable sepul*ral rites1 c4 ,! hive4--,! int]ior ( a bee-hive is itself a _w ( wond]s4 ,x is n1 z is commonly suppos$1 ! same 9 ! =m ( its con/ruction 9 all hives1 x v>ies accord+ to circum/ances4 ,yet !re are "s g5]al pr9ciples :i* seem to be common to all honeycombs3 !y d n t\* ea* o!r1 b always are suffici5tly f> ap>t to all[ room to "w on ! opposite faces ( ea* comb4 ,! combs are plac$ v]tically 9 ! hive1 & ea* complete comb is compos$ ( two lay]s ( six-sid$ cells1 unit$ by a common base4 ,^! two lay]s ( six-sid$ cells are n unit$ by a common base ) a flat bottom to ea* cell3 b ! hexagonal tube t]m9ates at ! bottom 9 a ?ree-sid$ pyramidal cavity4 ,! angle1 =m$ at ! apex ( ?is pyramidal cavity1 is #gj #cb--;& ! angle =m$ at ! base ( ! hexagonal tube1 or cell1 is #aji #bh4 ,by ?is con/ruction ,reaumur has demon/rat$1 t ! bee has =m$ 8 comb on ! only plan :i* c\ld produce cells ( a det]m9ate size1 equal & simil>1 9 ! /ronge/ mann]1 occupy+ ! lea/ space1 & requir+ ! lea/ quantity ( matt]4 ,! wax1 out ( :i* ! cells are =m$1 is n ! same simple sub/ance z honey1 extract$ f ! fl[]s3 x seems to be elaborat$ by ! bees 9 _! bodies1 & deposit$ "u _! bellies 9 ! =m ( scales4 ,x is produc$ f a nect> obta9$ f fl[]s1 :i* is swall[$ by ! bee 9 ! greate/ possible quantity1 aft] :i* ! bee hangs motionless 9 ! hive = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 dur+ :i* "t ! wax is elaborat$ & deposit$ "u ! belly 9 ?9 scales resembl+ talc4 ,"s ( ! cells are fill$ ) honey1 & "s are f\nd to conta9 ! "y bee 9 ! condition ( l>va4 ,! bees :i* inhabit a hive may be reg>d$ z a community1 :i* is f\nd to be divid$ into ?ree classes3 ! que5--! males--& ! work]s1 :i* are ( no sex4 ,! ,que54--,%e is ! common "m ( ! hive1 & deposits all ! eggs f :i* ! "y ones come3 %e appe>s to be 9 size betwe5 ! males & work]s1 b long] ?an ei!r4 ,! att5tion or rev]5ce1 ) :i* ! que5-bee is reg>d$1 is v rem>kable4 ,^u )draw+ ! que5 f a hive ! work]s are ?r[n into ! greate/ con/]nation2 !y desi/ f "w1 run wildly ?r\gh ! hive1 & refuse all n\ri%m5t4 ,?is !y d = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 aft] :i* "t a new que5 w be receiv$ k9dly1 if (f]$ !m2 b previ\sly1 !y pay no att5tion to a /range que51 ?\gh introduc$ among !m4 ,if no que5 c be f\nd1 ,s*ira* discov]$1 & ,hub] has confirm$ x1 t ! bees h p[] to create a que51 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,!y build "s royal cells 7= !re are diff]5t k9ds7 into :i* !y put ! common work]-worm1 i4e4 ! grub :i* produces ! "w-bee1 & fe$ ! insect ) royal food1 :i* is m pung5t ?an ! common bee-food2 & 9 a few days !y h a que5-bee produc$1 in/ead ( a "w-bee2 !n all is well4 ,! que5 is always att5d$ ) a tra91 :i* wait ^u h]1 d h] homage1 c>ess & fe$ h]1 by pres5t+ h] ) honey4 ,if !y lose _! own que51 & a /rang] que5 is introduc$1 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !y comm5ce _! rev]5ce = ! new sov]eign by surr\nd+ h]1 c>ess+ h]1 fe$+ h]1 & op5+ a way = h] :5 %e moves4 ,_! devotions to _! que5 d n cease if %e become /]ile1 or die4 ,_! v5]ation & t5d] att5tions appe> to increase t[>ds ! dead body ( _! que54 ,x is a well kn[n fact1 t ! community p]i%es if !y _c procure a que5 by any means4 ,! combats ( ! que5s4--,! bees seem to be purely mon>*ial 9 _! con/itution ( gov]nm5t4 ,?is w appe> f ! foll[+ extraord9>y facts3 ,if a /range que5 be introduc$ into ! hive :]e !re is a que51 ! work+-bees imm$iately seize ^u h]1 & deta9 h] a prison]3 z soon z ?is is done1 ano!r p>ty ha/5s away to ! reign+ que5 & surr\nd h]4 ,!y !n =ce ! que5s t[>ds ea* o!r1 9 ord] to make !m decide ! sov]eignty ( ! hive 9 mortal combat4 ,! conqu]] is *e]fully tak5 = ! reign+ sov]eign4 ,nor is x difficult to br+ ! rival que5s to an engagem5t3 s soon z !y recognize ea* o!r !y ru% furi\sly to ! combat1 & ! "o or ! o!r quickly inflicts a mortal w\nd by pi]c+ ! belly ( ! antagoni/ betwe5 ! r+s1 by means ( ! /+4 ,s exclusive is ! passion ( ! que5 = sov]eignty1 t %e puts to dea? ! "y que5s1 s soon z %e asc]ta9s !m to be su*4 ,?is %e does ev5 9 ! cells1 be=e !y h come =?4 ,! male bees4--,^! seem n to h attract$ mu* int]e/4 ,!y are n v num]\s 9 ! hive2 g5]ally n exce$+ an hundr$ or two4 ,!y are ! l>ge/ 9 size1 & live p]fectly idle4 ,! work+ bees4--,^!1 z _! "n imports1 p]=m ! labors ( ! hive4 ,! details ( _! labors _c be admitt$ "h4 ,!re is "o "q1 9 reg>d to bees1 :i* is difficult & curi\s3 _! s5ses4 ,f ! be/ obs]vations1 & exp]im5ts1 x w\ld seem z if ! ant5n1 or feel]s1 7 ! pr9cipal organs ( s5se4 ,^u tak+ away ! que51 9 ab\t an h\r "s "o bee discov]s x1 & becomes in/antly agitat$1 & runs furi\sly ab\t ! hive3 ! fir/ companion he meets !y cross _! feel]s mutually1 ! discov]] giv+ 8 neighbor a g5tle tap ) ! feel]1 & he 9 turn comm5ces runn+ furi\sly ab\t ! hive1 communicat+ ! intellig5ce 9 a simil> mann]2 until ! :ole hive is 9 an upro>4 ,hub] introduc$ a que5 to a hive1 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs abs5ce ( _! own que54 ,! work+ bees :i* 7 ne>e/ imm$iately approa*$ & t\*$ h] ) _! feel]s1 & pass+ _! trunks ov] e "p ( h] body1 gave h] honey4 ,!n ^! gave place to o!rs :i* treat$ h] 9 a simil> mann]2 & all1 ) a vibration ( _! w+s1 arrang$ !mselves ar\nd _! new sov]eign4 ,f "s exp]im5ts ( ,hub]1 x seems t ! ant5n1 or feel]s ( bees are ! organs ( communication4 ,he ?9ks !y h no organ = he>+4 ,_! p[] ( vision is v cle> & /rong4 ,anci5tly1 9 ,new-,engl&1 ! honey-hunt]s are said to h f\nd ! ne/ ( wild bees 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 !y plac$ a plate ( honey 9 ! woods1 & :5 ! bees came to get x1 !y caught two or ?ree ( !m1 ! bee-hunt] w\ld let "o g1 & obs]ve 8 c\rse1 by a pocket compass1 z he flew to ! ne/3 he w\ld !n walk (f at a "r angle a few hundr$ y>ds1 & let ano!r bee g1 & obs]ve ! c\rse3 ! angle1 or po9t at :i* ^! two l9es1 describ$ by ! flights ( ! bees1 met1 ! hunt] knew to be ! place :]e ! bee-ne/ 04 ,! mann] 9 :i* bees take _! re/ is a matt] ( curiosity4 ,"s atta* !mselves to a "p ( ! hive1 by _! =e-feet1 & ext5d _! h9d-feet d[n3 ! next bee by 8 =e-feet takes hold ( ! h9d-feet ( ! fir/ bee1 & ?us susp5ds himself2 o!rs atta* !mselves 9 l mann]1 until !y =m clu/]s1 or fe/oons4 ,9 ?is condition !y take _! re/4 ,x w be int]e/+ to le>n some?+ ( ! /+ ( ! bee4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! l[] end ( ! r+$-body3 x is compos$ ( ?ree p>ts3 ! %ea?1 & two d>ts :i* are enclos$ 9 x1 v small & p5etrat+4 ,! d>ts are b>b$4 ,:5 ! bee /rikes ) its /+1 ! %>p & h>d po9t ( ! holl[ %ea? /rikes & p5etrates fir/1 & ! two d>ts are imm$iately ?ru/ into ! incision made by ! %ea?2 & at ! same "t ! bee injects a poison\s liquor into ! w\nd1 :i* causes ! pa9 & inflammation4 ,9 "s in/ances ! /+ is /ruck 9 s deeply ! bee _c extricate x3 9 t case ! w\nd is m pa9ful1 b ! loss proves fatal to ! bee4 ,de/ructive combats frequ5tly take place betwe5 diff]5t hives2 & _m p]i% on bo? sides4 ,occasionally s+le combats1 or duels1 take place1 :i* always prove fatal to "o or ! o!r4 ,in/ances are kn[n1 9 :i* ! bees ( "o hive plund] ! bees ( ano!r4 ,9 ?is case a battle g5]ally ensues4 ,& :at is m a/oni%+ /ill1 sometimes ! hive-bees w1 five or six ( !m1 surr\nd an humble-bee1 & rob him ( 8 honey1 z he is return+ home ( an ev5+4 ,inde$ a :ole volume might be writt51 & ! natural hi/ory ( ! bee n be exhau/$4 ,,ants4--,?is insect has ju/ly rivall$ ! bee 9 ! admiration ( ! philosoph]1 &1 on "s acc\nts1 is consid]$ a m int]e/+ creature4 ,! in/9ct ( ?is creature does n appe> s /rik+ly z t ( ! bee3 b x exhibits o!r & high] qualities1 approa*+ to ! c>d9al virtues ( man3 su* z love1 c\rage1 pati5ce1 p]sev]ance1 c4 ,! pro( ( all ^! w be f\nd 9 ! few brief rem>ks :i* foll[4 ,!re are v>i\s k9ds ( ants3 ! fall[ ant2 ! sangu9e ant2 ! legion>y ant2 ! :ite ant1 c4 ,!re are "s traits common to all3 ,!y live 9 communities2 build cities1 or ant-hills2 & are divid$ into g5]al classes1 ) _! appropriate grades & employm5ts1 some:at simil> to bees2 !re are males1 females1 & neut]s1 or work]s4 ,!y also resemble ! bees 9 _! respect = _! matrons or que5s2 ?\gh !y diff] 9 ?is respect2 !y admit ( ! pres5ce ( an indef9ite numb] ( que5s1 :i* produces no ill consequ5ces :atev]4 ,!y all are equally c>ess$1 & att5d$4 ,!re is a v m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! ant & bee4 ,! que5s1 or matrons ( ! bees rema9 9 _! respective hives1 & _! pres5ce is necess>y to ! indu/ry & cont5tm5t ( ! communities4 ,b ! matrons or que5s ( ! ants act diff]5tly4 ,! male & female ants h w+s2 ! neut]s or work]s h n4 ,^! g5]ally sw>m toge!r betwe5 ,july & ,septemb]4 ,!y rise f ! ant-hill toge!r1 9 imm5se numb]s2 sometimes ! ants ( a :ole di/rict collect toge!r & rise 9 ! air1 & seem only to be sport+2 b at ?is "t ! females become fecundat$4 ,! quantity ( ants ) w+s is s great sometimes1 z1 says ,dr4 ,bromley1 to =m a column on ! wat] five or six miles long1 eight or t5 feet broad1 & six in*es deep1 :5 !y happ5$ to fall into ! riv]4 ,9 ?is g5]al de/ruction ( ! w+$ ants1 "s females escape1 :i* quickly dive/ !mselves ( _! w+s1 =m an ant-hill1 & f\nd a new colony by deposit+ _! eggs 9 x4 ,x is also well asc]ta9$ t ! work+ ants d n p]mit all ! females or que5s to escape1 b deta9 "s z prison]s1 by cropp+ _! w+s4 ,!y pay e att5tion to ^! royal prison]s gu>d+ !m dilig5tly1 & fe$+ !m lib]ally4 ,:5 ^! females drop _! eggs1 ! work]s take !m up c>efully1 & deposit !m 9 _! prop] places4 ,^! are "s ( ! pr9cipal traits common to ! ant tribe4 ,a few brief rem>ks may be made on ! pr9cipal species4 ,! fall[ ant4--,! w>s ( ?is insect is ! pr9cipal ?+ :i* c be notic$ "h4 ,we h a m9ute detail1 ( "o long & disa/r\s battle1 by ,hub]4 ,?is battle took place betwe5 ! inhabitants ( two neighbor+ ant-hills3 !y met half way3 ! battle 0 comm5c$ by s+le combatants2 !n !y f\ght 9 pairs on elevat$ gr\nd2 & f9ally ! battle became g5]al4 ,! attack is g5]ally made by seiz+ ea* o!r by ! m&ibles1 & re>+ up on _! h9d feet s z to br+ _! abdom5s =w>d1 f :i* !y eject a pung5t poison ^u _! adv]s>ies1 9 ord] to de/roy !m4 ,?is circum/ance gives rise to a pung5t smell on ! spot4 ,dur+ ! combat !y are frequ5tly grappl$ s closely toge!r z to fall on _! sides2 & o!rs com+ to _! assi/ance ! gr\p is lock$ fa/ 9 ! /ruggle4 ,dur+ ! action "s are f\nd lead+ away prison]s2 o!rs go+ z c\ri]s to br+ fre% troops to ! fight1 & "s 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! hills keep+ gu>d1 & transact+ ! common bus9ess ( ! community4 ,! battle occupi$ a space ( ab\t ?ree feet squ>e1 & la/$ until ! approa* ( night3 !n ea* p>ty retir$2 b 0 on ! spot next morn+ at dawn ( day1 & re-comm5c$ ! battle ) great] fury1 & c>nage4 ,x f9ally t]m9at$ )\t subv]t+ ei!r republic4 ,x 0 v rem>kable1 says ,hub]1 t ^! ants1 9 promiscu\s combat1 %\ld "k _! own p>ty4 ,9 a few cases1 = a mom5t1 fri5ds assail$1 b rectifi$ ! error1 in/antly1 by c>ess+4 ,! legion>y ant4 ,?\gh ! natural hi/ory ( ?is insect1 ?r\gh\t1 is v int]e/+1 !re is place = b "o pr9cipal fact3 i4e4 _! practice ( mak+ ! =mica fusca1 or negro ant1 a slave4 ,?is curi\s fact 0 fir/ discov]$ by ,hub]1 & has s9ce be5 confirm$ by ,latreille1 & is n[ admitt$ readily by naturali/s4 ,a campaign1 = ! purpose ( procur+ slaves1 0 obs]v$ closely by ,hub] on ! #ag? ( ,june1 #ahjd4 ,! column 0 fir/ se5 cross+ ! road1 be+ ab\t t5 in*es long & f\r broad4 ,he foll[$ !m until !y approa*$ ! ne/ ( ! negro ant4 ,! c5t9els on duty gave ! al>m1 & ! ants ru%$ out1 & made a spirit$ resi/ance to ! invad]s1 b 7 f9ally driv5 into _! h\se4 ,! legion>y ants !n ru%$ =w>d1 attack$ ! hill1 & took ! little city by assault4 ,!y rema9$ 9 x b a few m9utes1 & return$1 ea* "o c>ry+ 9 8 m\? a l>va1 or "y negro ant1 & scamp]$ home 9 confusion4 ,!y nev] take ! old ants captive1 b ! "y1 9 a /ate ( infancy1 & ?us raise !m 9 a /ate ( slav]y4 ,! consequ5ce is t !y are submissive & affectionate1 & p]=m ) *e]fulness & fidelity all ! dome/ic duties ( a legion>y city4 ,!y provide h\se & food = _! ma/]s1 att5d !m1 & s]ve !m 9 e possible way4 ,! sangu9e ant is also a slave deal]1 & 9 ! same mann] z ! legion>y4 ,nor is ! negro ant ! only victim3 ! m9+ ant is also r$uc$ to a /ate ( slav]y by ! legion>y1 & sangu9e ants4 ,!re rema9s to be /at$ ano!r circum/ance connect$ ) ! natural hi/ory ( ants1 :i* w\ld sc>cely be cr$it$1 7 x n te/$ by su* names z ,l9nu1 ,hub]1 & ,latreille3 t is1 !y keep mil*-c[s4 ,!re are c]ta9 insects1 f :i* !y extract a sweet sac*>9e fluid = food1 z we d milk f c[s4 ,! pr9cipal insects :i* are ?us us$1 are ! plant-l\se1 & ! gall-insect4 ,l9nu1 & aft] him o!r naturali/s1 call ^! insects ! mil*-c[s ( ! ants4 ,! fluid issues f ! body ( ! insect ?r\gh little tubes plac$ above ! abdom5 on ei!r side4 ,:5 no ants are pres5t ! plant-lice emit ?is liquor f _! bodies by a j]k+ motion3 :5 !y are 9 att5dance !y suck ! juice ) great avidity4 ,b :at is /ill m a/oni%+1 ! ants compel _! mil*-cattle to yield _! milk1 by g5tly patt+ !m on ea* side ) _! ant5n1 or feel]s4 ,?is is prop]ly milk+ !m4 ,9 addition to ?is ! ants take c>e to appropriate ^! mil*-cattle to !mselves1 by collect+ !m 9 h]ds1 gu>d+ & fe$+ !m4 ,!y sometimes make an enclosure ar\nd !m1 or ar\nd ! tree or plant on :i* !y f9d !m1 & ?us secure !m4 ,"s h]ds are own$ 9 common by ! ant-hill2 & o!rs appe> to belong to individuals4 ,! yell[ ant is kn[n to remove ^! plant-lice f ! plants1 & dome/icate !m 9 _! hillocks = s]vice 9 w9t]4 ,9 conclusion1 9 reg>d to ants we may m5tion _! ravages committ$ on prop]ty4 ,9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies !y are v de/ructive4 ,!y und]m9e h\ses 9 su* a mann] z to cause !m to fall4 ,"s species w dev\r ! wood ( a build+ ( small size1 9 a s+le night4 ,& x is rem>kable t !y make _! ravages int]nally4 ,"o w\ld n obs]ve t !y _h assail$ a beam ( timb]1 unless he %\ld take means to exam9e its int]ior4 ,!y w dev\r ev5 ! ext]ior ( ! timb] :5 !y h fir/ coat$ x ov] ) mud or clay 9 ord] to conceal _! "w4 ,!y dev\r furniture ( all k9ds1 & completely consume ! trees :i* fall 9 "s c\ntries4 ,! ext5t ( ! damage :i* !y c d1 is incalculable4 ,^! rem>ks w %[ :at int]e/ ! natural hi/ory ( insects c inspire4 ,x is n p]mitt$ to ext5d ! subject fur!r 9 a note4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 clean & unclean ,f[ls1 made 9 ! ,scriptures1 s]ves to po9t out ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes ( sa9ts & s9n]s among ! human race4 ,^? ,f[ls 7 acc\nt$ clean1 :i* are g5tle 9 _! nature1 z ! ,dove1 & musical 9 _! notes1 z ! ,l>k2 :i* qualifications are n to be f\nd among birds ( prey1 z ! ,o/ri*1 ,eagle1 ,vulture1 ,hawk1 ,cormorant1 ,rav51 ,owl1 ,bat1 c4 ,all ^!1 s f> z _! in/9cts & prop]ties are discov]$ to u1 agree s well ) ! diff]5t *>act]s ( m51 to :om 9 ,scripture !y h a symbolical allusion1 t none b ! inf9itely wise ,creator c\ld h di/+ui%$ & appli$ _! sev]al peculi>ities ) s mu* simplicity1 brevity1 & propriety4 ,sev]al ( ! unclean ,f[ls fe$ on fil? & dead c>cases2 ^: 8"y ones0 also 8suck up blood1 & :]e ! sla9 are1 !re are !y40 ,dr4 ,bu*anan1 :5 at ! di/ance ( fifty miles f ,jugg]naut1 says1 8,we "k t we are approa*+ ,jugg]naut1 by ! human bones :i* we h se5 = sev]al days /rew$ by ! way4 ,! ,vultures seem to live "h on human prey3 !y exhibit a %ock+ tam5ess4 ,! obsc5e animals w n leave ! body sometimes till we come close to !m4 ,ye/]day a woman devot$ h]self to ! idol3 ?is morn+1 z ,i pass$ ! place ( skulls1 no?+ rema9$ ( h] b h] bones40 ,! unr5ew$ nature ( man is no m (f5d$ ) evil1 ?an a vulture is ) human fle%1 or a cr[ is ) c>rion1 on :i* x fe$s ) delight4 ,! unclean ,f[ls p]secute & dev\r ^? ( a m g5tle nature4 ,! ,eagle1 ne%]1 is f na%] to lac]ate1 cut1 or te> to pieces2 h5ce ! ,eagle1 a mo/ rapaci\s bird ( prey1 has its "n f te>+ ! fle% ( animals x fe$s on3 & = ?is purpose1 birds ( prey h1 9 g5]al1 /rong crook$ talons & a hook$ beak4 ,! ,eagle is a cruel bird1 exce$+ly rav5\s1 & almo/ insatiable4 ,?is prop5sity 9 birds ( prey to seize1 te>1 & dev\r1 is expressive ( ! viol5t & malevol5t dispositions ( "s p]sons1 :o hate & endeavor to injure ^? :o live 9 ! fe> ( ,god1 & keep 8 comm&m5ts4 ,su* 7 ! hea!ns1 :om ,/4 ,paul has describ$ z 8cruel0 & 8unm]ciful1 full ( envy1 murd]1 & debate10 giv5 up to ! vile/ passions1 & all ! uncleanness ( 8dead works40 ,! want ( natural affection1 & a "r und]/&+ ( ,div9e ?+s1 among ungodly p]sons1 is /rik+ly exhibit$ 9 ! "* ( ! ,o/ri*4 ,?is fooli% bird1 ?\gh x has w+s1 is n able to raise itself f ! e>?1 & is void ( t in/9ctive t5d]ness1 :i* o!r creatures feel = _! (fspr+3 8:i* leave? h] eggs 9 ! e>?1 & w>me? !m 9 ! du/1 & =gette? t ! foot may cra% !m1 or t ! wild bea/1 may break !m4 ,%e is h>d5$ aga9/ h] "y ones1 z ?\gh !y 7 n h]s2 h] labor is 9 va9 )\t fe>2 because ,god ha? depriv$ h] ( wisdom1 nei!r ha? he imp>t$ to h] und]/&+40 ,! ,o/ri* lays f ?irty to fifty eggs1 n plac$1 l ^? ( "s o!r birds1 ^u trees1 or 9 ! clefts ( rocks1 b 9 ! s&1 =gett+ ! dang] to :i* !y are expos$ f ! feet ( travell]s or wild bea/s4 ,on ! mo/ trivial occasion1 %e =sakes h] eggs1 or h] "y ones1 to :i*1 p]haps1 %e nev] returns2 or1 if %e does1 x may be too late1 ei!r to re/ore life to ! "o1 or pres]ve ! lives ( ! o!r4 ,! prophet1 apply+ ?is want ( affection1 says1 8,! daught] ( my p is cruel1 l ! ,o/ri*es 9 ! wild]ness40 ,%e is likewise inconsid]ate & fooli% 9 h] private capacity1 says ,dr4 ,%aw1 p>ticul>ly 9 h] *oice ( food1 :i* is frequ5tly highly detrim5tal & p]nici\s to h]2 = %e swall[s e ?+ gre$ily & indiscrim9ately1 :e!r x be pieces ( rags1 lea!r1 wood1 /one1 or ev5 iron4 ,to secure h]self1 %e w ?ru/ h] head into ! %rubs1 ?\gh h] body1 :i*1 :5 /&+ upright1 is f six to eight feet 9 height1 f ! top ( ! head to ! gr\nd1 be expos$4 ,%e has a little head1 & sc>cely any bra93 h5ce hi/orians tell u1 t ! emp]or ,heliogabalus1 to gratify 8 luxuri\s ta/e1 toge!r ) o!r delicacies1 su* z ! combs ( ,cocks1 ! tongues ( ,pheasants & ,night+ales1 ! eggs ( ,p>tridges1 ! heads ( ,p>rots & ,peacocks1 ! bra9s ( ,?ru%es1 _h likewise s]v$ up to him1 at "o ent]ta9m5t1 ! heads ( six hundr$ ,o/ri*es = ! sake ( ! bra9s2 because1 be+ s v small1 a less numb] w\ld n h be5 suffici5t to make a di%4 ,:at an affect+ emblematical repres5tation is ?is s+ul> bird ( ! moral qualifications & habits ( ignorant & wick$ m56 n to m5tion ! sup]/iti\s practice ( (f]+ *ildr5 to ,molo* & o!r diabolical deities2 ! cu/om ( expos+ new-born infants 9 ! woods to p]i% ) hung]1 or be dev\r$ by wild bea/s2 a practice /ill tol]at$ among ! idolat]s ( ,*9a4 ,! hea!n1 :o 8did n l to reta9 ,god 9 _! k1 b became va9 9 _! imag9ations1 & _! fooli% he>t 0 d>k5$10 7 9 ?is respect1 symbolically repres5t$ by ! tribe ( ,owls & ,bats1 & o!r birds ( night1 all ( :i* ! law pron\nc$ to be unclean4 ,9 ! ,owl we h a /rik+ image ( ! sceptic1 :o loves d>kness r ?an light1 & is m pr\d ( 8 artificial ignorance ?an any man ought to be ( ! mo/ useful k3 :o c\ld nev] f9d ,div9e tru?1 because he nev] lov$ x2 z ! ,owl is (f5d$ ) t glory :i* ! sun diffuses ov] ! natural creation4 ,z ! day has no *>ms = ! ,owl1 s reveal$ religion has no?+ wise or wond]ful 9 its nature & design ) ! unbeliev+ philosoph]2 :o br+s ) him to ! ^w ( ,god all t prejudice ) :i* ! ,owl flies out ( its retreat into ! sun-%9e4 ,yet he has 8 admir]s2 z ! hoot+ ( ! ,owl is music 9 ! e>s ( ano!r ( ! same species4 ,?is emblematical bird1 :5 expos$ to ! light ( ! sun aga9/ 8 w1 lets d[n a conspicu\s membrane ov] 8 eyes1 to gu>d !m f ! inconv5i5t spl5dor ( ! orb ( day2 z ! infidel draws a d>k veil ( evil reason+s & blasphem\s objections ov] 8 he>t1 to int]cept & weak5 ! effulg5t rays ( heav5ly tru?4 ,! ,owl has a natural av]sion f ! light2 & if he breaks ?r\gh 8 ord9>y rule1 & settl$ habit1 s z to appe> 9 ! day-"t1 he is pursu$ & reprim&$ by o!r birds1 z "o t is a disgrace to _! k9d4 ,b ! birds :i* ?us express _! indignation aga9/ ! ,owl1 nev] kill him1 be+ un>m$ & in(f5sive 9 _! nature4#aef ,s an infidel %\ld n be put to dea? = 8 dete/able & demoraliz+ pr9ciples2 b all ,*ri/ians %\ld agree 9 giv+ public notice ( him1 & %[+ ! _w :at he is4 ,= int]nal realities d n always comport ) ext]nal appe>ances4 ,! outw>d appe>ance ( ! ,owl seems to promise a great degree ( gravity & wisdom1 :ile its pr9ciples & mann]s are opposite to ! common s5se ( o!r birds1 & its (fice 9 ! creation r$uces x to ! rank ( a common m\se-trap4 ,s ! philosoph]s x repres5t$ made a pomp\s display ( reason & le>n+1 all ( :i*1 s f> z !y appli$ ^! to div9ity1 7 no bett] ?an ignorance & folly4 8,pr(ess+ !mselves to be wise1 !y became fools20 & by an unacc\ntable fatality *ose ?is v bird z ! emblem ( _! wisdom2 :i* 0 accord+ly held 9 great v5]ation at ,a!ns1 ! pr9cipal seat ( hea!n le>n+1 z ! symbol ( ,m9]va1 ! tutel> goddess ( t city4 ,! ,bat is a sort ( mon/]1 p>tak+ ( ! nature ( bo? a bird & a bea/1 hav+ feet or claws gr[+ out ( its p9ions1 & contradicts ! g5]al ord] ( nature by creep+ ) ! in/rum5ts ( its flight4 ,:at a contra/ betwe5 ?is creature & ! ,l>k6 8,up-spr+s ! ,l>k1 ,%rill-voic$ & l\d1 ! mess5g] ( morn2 ,ere yet ! %ad[s fly1 he1 m\nt$1 s+s ,amid ! dawn+ cl\ds1 & f _! haunts ,calls up ! tuneful nations40 ,no?+ c be m pleas+1 obs]ves ,goldsmi?1 ?an to see ! ,l>k w>bl+ ^u ! w+2 rais+ its note z x so>s1 till x seems lo/ 9 ! imm5se heights above u2 ! note cont9u+1 ! bird itself unse52 to see x !n desc5d+ ) a swell z x comes f ! cl\ds1 yet s9k+ by degrees z x approa*es its ne/1 ! spot :]e all its affections are c5t]$--! spot :i* has prompt$ all ?is joy4 ,:ile ! ,l>k ?us m\nts on triumphant w+s1 so>+ up into ! heav5s ) a song ( praise to its ,creator1 ?is little black animal lies sleep+ 9 holes & cracks ( decay$ edifices2 & if di/urb$ by any accid5t1 drops d[n & crawls ^u ! e>?4 ,:5 d>kness prevails1 x comes =? f its concealm5t to haunt ! cemet]ies ( ! dead1 & desolate places2 z if x purposely avoid$ ! society ( all *e]ful birds1 & took a delight 9 associat+ ) ,owls & ,beetles 9 d>k & solit>y abodes4 8,! bat is call$ talaph10 accord+ to ,p>khur/1 8f t to fly1 & laph1 d>kness or obscurity1 because x flies ab\t 9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+1 & 9 ! night2 s ! ,septuag9t 1 f 1 ! night1 & ! ,vulgate1 vesp]tilio1 f vesp]1 ! ev5+40 ,^! birds ( ! night b too appropriately symbolize ) p]sons :o love d>kness r ?an light1 because _! de$s are evil4 ,dr4 ,%aw1 speak+ ( ,o/ri*es1 says1 8,9 ! lonesome "p ( ! night !y frequ5tly make a v doleful & hide\s noise1 sometimes resembl+ ! ro> ( ! ,lion2 at o!r times ! ho>s] voices ( o!r quadrup$s1 p>ticul>ly ! ,bull or ,ox40 ,he adds1 8,i h (t5 he>d !m groan z if 9 ! greate/ agonies40 ,?us-- 8,! slaves ( excess1 ,_! s5ses to please1 ,:ole nights c be/[1 ,& on 9 a circle ( riot !y g2 ,poor prodigals1 !y ,! night into day ,by revell+s turn1 ,& all ! re/ra9ts ( sobriety scorn4 ,! drunk>ds proclaim ,at midnight _! %ame1 ,_! sacrifice br+1 ,& l\d to ! praise ( _! ma/] !y s+3 ,! helli% desires ,:i* satan inspires1 ,9 sonnets !y brea!1 ,& %\t+ desc5d to ! regions ( dea?40 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnotes - ,*apt] ,,vi #ada ,! great ,gre5l& ,:ale is a l>ge1 heavy animal1 usually f\nd f sixty to sev5ty feet long4 ,! head alone is equal to a ?ird ( its bulk2 & ! cleft ( ! m\? is above tw5ty feet long4 ,! upp] jaw is furni%$ ) b>bs1 t lie l ! pipes ( an organ1 ! greate/ 9 ! middle1 & ! smalle/ on ! sides2 ^! compose ! :ale-bone1 ! longe/ sp>s ( :i* are f\nd to be n less ?an eighte5 feet4 ,! f9s on ea* side are f five to eight feet1 consi/+ ( bones & muscles1 & suffici5tly /rong to give spe$ & activity to ! great mass ( body :i* !y move4 ,! tail is ab\t tw5ty-f\r feet broad2 &1 :5 ! fi% is on "o side1 its bl[ is trem5d\s4 ,! sk9 is smoo? & black1 & 9 "s places dappl$ ) :ite & yell[3 :i*1 runn+ ov] ! surface1 h a v beautiful effect4 ,! outw>d or sc>f sk9 is no ?ick] ?an p>*m5t2 b ?is remov$1 ! real sk9 appe>s ( ab\t an in* ?ick1 & cov]s ! fat or blubb] t lies b5ea?3 ?is is f eight to twelve in*es 9 ?ickness2 &1 :5 ! fi% is 9 heal?1 ( a beautiful yell[4 ,! muscles lie b5ea?3 & ^!1 l ! fle% ( quadrup$s1 are v r$ & t\gh4 #adb ,a v>iety ( op9ions we meet ) conc]n+ ! :ale :i* swall[$ ,jonah1 & 9 ^: belly he 0 ?ree days & ?ree nights4 ,! foll[+ is (f]$ by ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke4 8,t a fi% ( ! %>k k9d1 & n a :ale1 is "h meant1 ,bo*>t has abundantly prov$1 vol4 iii1 col4 #gdb1 c1 edit1 ,leyd4 #afib4 ,x is well kn[n1 t ! ?roat ( a :ale is capable ( admitt+ little m ?an ! arm ( an ord9>y man2 b _m ( ! %>k species c swall[ a :ole man2 & m5 h be5 f\nd :ole 9 ! /oma*s ( sev]al4 ,e natural hi/ory ab\nds ) facts ( ?is k9d4 ,besides1 ! %>k is a native ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 9 :i* ,jonah 0 sail+1 :5 swall[$ by :at ! ,hebrew t]ms dog gadol1 a great fi%2 b e body kn[s t :ales are no produce ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 ?\gh "s h be5 by accid5t f\nd !re1 z 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! m>itime _w3 b let !m be f\nd :]e !y may1 !re is none ( !m f\nd capable ( swall[+ a man40 #adc ,! ,torp$o is =midable1 be+ well kn[n by ! effect x produces :5 t\*$3 b ! mann] ( its op]at+ is to ?is h\r a my/]y to mank9d4 ,su* is ! unacc\ntable p[] x possesses1 t1 ! in/ant x is t\*$1 x b5umbs n only ! h& & arm1 b sometimes also ! :ole body4 ,! %ock receiv$1 by all acc\nts1 mu* resembles ! /roke ( an electrical ma*9e2 be+ sudd51 t+l+1 & pa9ful4 8,! in/ant10 says ,kemf]1 8,i t\*$ x ) my h&1 ,i felt a t]rible numbness 9 my arm1 & z f> up z ! %\ld]4 ,ev5 if "o tread on x ) ! %oe on1 x affects n only ! leg1 b ! :ole ?igh4 ,^? :o t\* x ) ! foot1 are seiz$ ) a /rong] palpitation ?an ev5 ^? :o t\* x ) ! h&4 ,?is numbness be>s no resemblance to t :i* we feel :5 a n]ve is a long "t press$1 & ! foot is said to be asleep3 x r appe>s l a sudd5 vapor1 :i*1 pass+ ?r\gh ! pores 9 an in/ant1 p5etrates to ! v spr+s ( life2 :5ce x diffuses itself ov] ! :ole body1 & gives real pa94 ,! n]ves are s affect$1 t ! p]son /ruck imag9es all ! bones ( 8 body1 & p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! limb t receiv$ ! bl[1 are driv5 out ( jo9t4 ,all ?is is accompani$ ) an univ]sal tremor1 a sickness ( ! /oma*1 a g5]al convulsion1 & a total susp5sion ( ! faculties ( ! m9d40 ,we are 9 possession ( "s facts :i* relate to ! mann] ( its act+4 ,reaumur1 :o made sev]al trials on ?is animal1 has at lea/ conv9c$ ! _w t x is n necess>ily1 b by an ef=t1 t ! ,torp$o b5umbs ! h& ( him t t\*es x4 ,he tri$ sev]al times1 & c\ld easily tell :5 ! fi% int5d$ ! /roke1 & :5 x w\ld cont9ue h>mless4 ,always be=e ! fi% m$itat$ ! /roke1 x flatt5$ ! back1 rais$ ! head & ! tail2 & !n by a viol5t contraction 9 ! opposite side1 /ruck ) its back aga9/ ! press+ f+]2 :ile ! body1 :i* be=e 0 flat1 became hump$ & r\nd4 ,! mo/ probable solution ( ?is ph5om5on is1 t x dep5ds on electricity4 ,:5 ! fi% is dead1 ! :ole p[] is de/roy$1 & x may be h&l$1 or eat5 ) p]fect security4 #add ,a l>ge h]r+-fi%]y is c>ri$ on at ,d\glas1 9 ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,h]r+s are s abundant 9 ! neighborhood ( ,gott5burgh1 t #bjj1jjj b>rels1 on an av]age1 are salt$ !re e ye>1 & ab\t #djj1jjj are employ$ 9 mak+ tra9 oil4 ,besides ^!1 #ej1jjj b>rels are consum$ fre% 9 ! c\ntry1 or s5t to ,d5m>k4 ,all[+ #a1bjj fi% to ea* b>rel1 9 ?is di/rict alone1 ab\t #ghj1jjj1jjj ( h]r+s are caught 9 a season4 ,9 ! ye> #aggf1 #ef1jjj b>rels 7 s5t to ,irel&1 & !nce export$ to ! ,we/ ,indies4 #ade ,! ,indians ( ,jamaica & ,cuba 7says ,ovi$o7 g a fi%+ ) ! ,remora1 or ,suck+-,fi%1 :i* !y employ z falcon]s employ hawks4--,?is fi%1 :i* is n above a span long1 is kept = ! purpose1 & regul>ly f$4 ,! own]1 on a calm morn+1 c>ries x out to sea1 secur$ to 8 canoe by a small b /rong l9e1 _m fa?oms 9 l5g?2 & ! mom5t ! creature sees a fi% 9 ! wat]1 ?\gh at a great di/ance1 x d>ts away ) ! swiftness ( an arr[1 & soon fa/5s ^u x4 ,! ,indian1 9 ! mean "t1 loos5s & lets g ! l9e1 :i* is provid$ ) a buoy t keeps on ! surface ( ! sea1 & s]ves to m>k ! c\rse :i* ! ,remora has tak51 & pursues x 9 8 canoe until he conceives 8 game to be ne>ly exhau/$ & run d[n3 he !n1 tak+ up ! buoy1 gradually draws ! l9e t[>ds ! %ore2 ! ,remora /ill adh]+ ) inflexible t5acity to its prey2 & x is ) great difficulty t he is made to quit ?is hold4 ,by ?is me?od 7adds ,ovi$o7 ,i h kn[n a turtle caught1 ( a bulk & weight :i* no s+le man c\ld support4--,edw>d's ,we/ ,indies1 vol4 i4 p4 #ajj4 #adf ,a species ( sea turtle1 weigh+ #hdj lb4 0 h>poon$ & caught on ! #bg? ( ,septemb]1 #ahaa1 (f ,s&y ,hook1 ne> ,new-,york4 ,x measur$ ?ree feet two in*es r\nd ! neck1 0 sev5 feet long1 eight feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & sev5 feet & a half f ! extremity ( "o f9 to ! o!r3 ( a coal black color1 ) five black ridges on ! back resembl+ ! /urgeon4 ,x is said to be a trunk turtle1 a native ( ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & 0 ! fir/ ev] se5 9 ! ,am]ican seas4 ,! proprietor ( a museum pur*as$ x = fifty doll>s4 #adg ,sir ,w4 ,jones1 :5 9 ,india1 =m$ en acqua9tance ) an intellig5t & respectable ,brahm94 ,! religion ( ^! m5 p]mits !m n to de/roy life1 nor to swall[ any creature :i* has possess$ x2 & s /rict are "s1 t 9 ! season :5 insects ab\nd1 !y cov] _! m\?s & no/rils1 & sweep ! gr\nd on :i* !y walk ) a s(t broom1 t !y may n tread on !m4 ,sir ,william _h a sol> microscope s5t f ,engl&1 & %[+ x to 8 ,h9doo fri5d1 demon/rat$ ! impossibility ( 8 eat+ ev5 fruit & vegetables )\t swall[+ ! animalcules :i* adh]e to !m4 ,! ,brahm9 0 a/oni%$ & seem$ gratifi$2 b begg$ importunately = ! microscope1 s importunately1 t1 at l5g?1 ,sir ,william reluctantly resign$ x to him4 ,a mom5t>y gleam ( joy fla%$ across ! ,brahm9's c\nt5ance2 &1 grasp+ ! in/rum5t1 he imm$iately desc5d$ f ! vir&a1 :]e !y 7 conv]s+1 into ! g>d51 :51 seiz+ a /one1 he in/antly sma%$ x to pieces4 ,on assign+ 8 reason = ?is act1 :i* he did a few days aft]w>ds1 :5 8 fri5d's ang] _h subsid$1 he said1 8,oh t ,i _h rema9$ 9 t happy /ate ( ignorance :]e9 y fir/ f\nd me6 ,yet w ,i confess1 t1 z my k increas$1 s did my pleasure1 until ,i beheld ! la/ wond]s ( ! microscope4 ,f t mom5t ,i h be5 torm5t$ by d\bt1 & p]plex$ by my/]y3 my m9d1 ov]:elm$ by *aotic confusion1 kn[s n :]e to re/1 nor h[ to extricate itself f su* a maze4 ,i am mis]able1 & mu/ cont9ue s to be1 until ,i ent] on ano!r /age ( exi/5ce4 ,i am a solit>y individual1 among fifty millions ( p1 all educat$ 9 ! same belief ) myself1 all happy 9 _! ignorance6 ,s may !y ev] rema96 ,i %all keep ! secret )9 my own bosom1 :]e x w corrode my peace1 & break my re/2 b ,i %all h "s satisfaction 9 kn[+ t ,i alone feel ^? pangs :i*1 _h ,i n de/roy$ ! in/rum5t1 might h be5 ext5sively communicat$1 & r5d]$ ?\s&s mis]able6 ,=give me1 my valuable fri5d1 &1 oh1 convey no m implem5ts ( k & de/ruction60 ,^! religi\s prejudices1 :i* _c be> ! light ( s\nd philosophy1 we p]ceive to be ! results ( lam5table ignorance & degrad+ sup]/itions1 & x may be hop$ w soon be remov$ by ! cultivation ( sci5ce1 & especially ! dissem9ation ( ! ,scriptures4 ,! mission>ies n[ 9 ! ,ea/ w c]ta9ly be ( v s+ul> use to ! natives4 #adh ,m4 de ,saussure1 9 a lett] to ,bonnet1 says1 8,infusion-animalcules multiply by cont9u$ divisions & sub-divisions4 ,^? r\ndi% or oval animalcules t h no beak or hook on ! =e "p ( _! bodies1 divide transv]sely4 ,a k9d ( /ricture ( /rangulation beg9s ab\t ! middle ( ! body1 :i* gradually increases1 till ! two p>ts adh]e by a small ?read only4 ,!n bo? p>ts make repeat$ ef=ts1 till ! division is complet$4 ,= "s "t aft] sep>ation1 ! two animals rema9 9 seem+ly torpid /ate4 ,!y aft]w>ds beg9 to swim ab\t briskly4 ,ea* "p is only "o half ! size ( ! :ole3 b !y soon acquire ! magnitude peculi> to ! species1 & multiply by simil> divisions4 ,to obviate e d\bt1 ,i put a s+le animalcule into a drop ( wat]1 :i* split be=e my eyes4 ,next day1 ,i _h five2 ! day aft]1 sixty2 &1 on ! ?ird day1 _! numb] 0 s great1 t x 0 impossible to c\nt !m40--,la ,pal+5esie ,philosophique1 p> ,c4 ,bonnet1 tom4 i4 pp4 #dbh1 #dbi4 #adi ,see ,bryant's ,obs]vations ^u ! ,plagues inflict$ ^u ! ,egyptians1 ,"p ,i4 #aej ,see ,jones's ,disquisition conc]n+ clean & unclean ,animals4 #aea ,ni*olas1 9 8 voyage to ,new-,zeal&1 vol4 i1 p4 #ccd1 says1 8,! morn+ ( ! #aj? ( ,janu>y1 #ahae1 0 ann\nc$ to our enraptur$ e>s by ! swell+ notes ( ! woodl& *ori/]s1 & nev] ei!r be=e or s9ce did ,i he> su* delightful h>mony4 ,ris+ toge!r at an e>ly h\r1 we fanci$ ourselves = ! mom5t 9 "s en*ant$ gr\nd1 :ile ! =e/ seem$ to r+ ) ! mell[ w>bl+s ( nature1 & a ?\s& fea!r$ song/]s p\r$ _! s(t ?roats 9 responsive melody4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 "o bird t 0 di/+ui%$ f all ! re/1 z well by ! compass & v>iety ( its notes1 z by _! incomp>able sweetness4 ,?is bird1 :i* has be5 br\ght to ,port ,jackson1 & highly priz$ !re1 is call$ by ! coloni/s ! organ-bird1 & is1 ,i believe1 peculi> to ,new-,zeal&3 ! notes ( ! ,night+ale1 h[ev] exquisite1 are1 9 my op9ion1 mu* inf]ior to ! song ( ?is bird2 & ,i nev] ?\ght be=e t ei!r ! grove or =e/ c\ld boa/ ( su* a vocal treasure40 #aeb ,a ,m>t9 rec5tly fix$ h] ne/ directly ov] ! w9d[ ( ! ,inn at ,rampside1 9 ,l[ ,f>nes4 ,aft] h] "y 7 hat*$1 %e became a v tr\blesome visitant1 by ?r[+ ! cleans+ ( h] ne/ ^u ! w9d[4 ,! s]vant-maid1 ) m att5tion to cleanl9ess ?an humanity1 remov$ ! little inconv5i5ce by de/roy+ ! ne/ ) a broom4 ,! "y birds ( c\rse fell to ! gr\nd2 9 ! mean "t ! p>5ts collect$ a great numb] ( _! own species1 :o quickly built a second ne/1 suffici5tly commodi\s = ! reception ( ! di/ress$ family1 & ! "y 7 safely convey$ to _! new lodg+s by ! p>5ts & _! assi/ants4 #aec ,dr4 ,edmon/on1 9 8 view ( ! ,zetl& isl&s1 says1 8,! :ite-tail$ ,eagle1 or ,erne1 boldly attacks fi%es ( ! l>ge/ size4 ,sev]al desp]ate combats h be5 witness$ betwe5 ?is bird & ! ,halibut4 ,! =m] /rikes 8 claws into ! fi% ) all 8 =ce1 det]m9$ n to rel9qui% 8 hold1 &1 al?\gh b r>ely1 is sometimes dr[n$ 9 ! attempt to c>ry (f 8 prize4 ,:5 he has ov]come ! ,halibut1 he raises "o ( 8 w+s1 :i* s]ves z a sail1 & if favor$ by ! w9d1 9 t attitude drifts t[>ds ! l&4 ,! mom5t he t\*es ! %ore1 he beg9s to eat out & dis5gage 8 claws2 b if discov]$ be=e ?is c be effect$ he falls an easy prey to ! fir/ assailant40 #aed ,bellonius says1 8,! ,/orks come to ,egypt 9 su* abundance1 t ! fields & mead[s1 are :ite ) !m4 ,yet ! ,egyptians are n displeas$ ) ?is sight2 z frogs are g5]at$ 9 su* numb]s !re1 t did n ! ,/orks dev\r !m1 !y w\ld ov]-run e ?+4 ,besides1 !y also cat* & eat ,s]p5ts4 ,betwe5 ,belha & ,gaza1 ! fields ( ,pale/9e are (t5 des]t on acc\nt ( ! abundance ( ,mice & ,rats2 & 7 !y n de/roy$ by ! ,falcons t come "h by in/9ct1 ! inhabitants c\ld h no h>ve/40 #aee ,dr4 ,edmon/on says3--8,! cr[s g5]ally appe> 9 pairs1 ev5 dur+ w9t]1 except :5 attract$ to a spot 9 se>* ( food1 or :5 !y assemble = ! purpose ( hold+ :at is call$ ! ,cr['s c\rt4 ,?is latt] in/itution exhibits a curi\s fact 9 _! hi/ory4 ,numb]s are se5 to assemble on a p>ticul> hill or field1 f _m diff]5t po9ts4 ,on "s occasions ! meet+ does n appe> to be complete be=e ! expiration ( a day or two4 ,z soon z all ! deputies h arriv$1 a v g5]al noise & croak+ ensue1 &1 %ortly aft]1 ! :ole fall ^u "o or two individuals1 :om !y p]secute & beat until !y kill !m4 ,:5 ?is has be5 accompli%$1 !y quietly disp]se40 ,on ! subject ( ,gulls1 ,dr4 ,edmon/on says3--8,9 ! affectionate c>e ( _! (fspr+1 ^! ,gulls display great sagacity & ev5 =esight4 ,:5 ! cradle at ,noss is ab\t to be slung1 ! gulls1 aw>e ( ! approa*+ capture ( _! "y1 are unremitt+ 9 _! ef=ts to c>ry !m (f4 ,f ! fir/ mom5t t !y obs]ve prep>ations mak+ to ent] ! holm1 !y become noisy & re/less1 ---- #8& *ide1 exhort1 comm&1 ,or pu% !m (f1' s t if bad wea!r delay ! arrang+ ( ! cradle1 b = a few days1 sc>cely any are left to be tak5 away4 8,?is bird is a great enemy to ! f[l]1 by intimat+ to o!r birds 8 approa*4 ,"o ( !m is an insep>able att5dant on ! ,sc>fs1 :5 !y assemble on ! rocks = ! purpose ( dry+ & re/+ !mselves2 & !y seem s5sible ( ! good (fices ( ?is volunt>y gu>dian1 by quietly receiv+ x among !m1 & obey+ its fri5dly admonitions4--,on ! approa* ( a p]son f ! %ore1 or ( a boat1 ! ,gull hav+ fir/ te/ifi$ m>ks ( anxiety & appreh5sion1 flies (f be=e ei!r h approa*$ )9 gun%ot1 & all ! ,sc>fs1 except ^? :o are "y & inexp]i5c$1 foll[4 ,x n m]ely cont5ts itself ) giv+ !m w>n+ 9 due "t1 b urges _! dep>ture by repeat$ calls1 & sits d[n 9 ! wat]1 at a consid]able di/ance f ! spot f :i* x fl$1 z if int5d+ to po9t out ! place :]e !y may consid] !mselves 9 safety2 & !y g5]ally all repair to ! same place4 ,to ! ,seal ?is bird is ( ess5tial s]vice4 ,^! animals frequ5tly lie ^u ! rocks = h\rs 9 succession1 & s well acqua9t$ are "s sportsm5 ) _! haunts1 t !y raise small bulw>ks1 or re/s1 to conceal _! approa*1 or wait _! arrival beh9d a rock4 ,! ,gull1 h[ev]1 fru/rates all ^! precautions1 by fir/ fly+ ov] ! head ( ! hunt]1 & !n scream+ close to ! ,seal2 &1 :5 ! latt] is n dispos$ to avail himself at once ( ?is fri5dly intimation1 ,i h kn[n !m /rike him on ! head ) _! feet4 ,z soon z he slips into ! wat] !y appe> to be p]fectly satisfi$1 z if !y !n conceiv$ him 9 a situation to protect himself4 8,! ,gull seems to consid] itself ! natural gu>dian ( ! coa/4 ,if x spies a p]son at a di/ance1 walk+ 9 a cauti\s mann]1 9 ! neighborhood ( any bird1 x in/antly repairs to ! spot1 & by a ke5 acute cry1 diff]5t f ! common note1 endeavors to in=m x ( ! approa*+ dang]4 ,ducks & ,curlews "k ! h9t q well1 & almo/ always take advantage ( x1 & fly (f long be=e ! f[l] c arrive )9 gun-%ot ( !m4 ,on ^! occasions x (t5 comes ) a sweep1 z if int5d+ to /rike ! p]son1 :o by t means is kept 9 a /ate ( con/ant al>m & irritation2 b if x d n imm$iately fly (f1 aft] hav+ succe$$ 9 accompli%+ ! object ( its mission1 ?is (fici\s int]f]5ce n unfrequ5tly draws ! v5geance ( ! f[l] on itself1 & x falls ! victim ( its own good int5tions4 ,?is ,gull is n satisfi$ ) hav+ al>m$ birds on any p>ticul> occasion4 ,x does inde$ fly to a di/ance & sit d[n1 b aft] its anxiety has be5 once r\s$1 x nev] loses sight ( ! f[l]1 b foll[s him at a di/ance :]ev] he goes1 & unless by pret5d$ inactivity ! sportsman c quiet ! appreh5sion ( 8 enemy1 x is 9 va9 to ?9k ( gett+ )9 rea* ( any bird t is naturally %y & ( a timid disposition4 ,! scream ( ?is bird is peculi>ly wild1 & indicative ( anxi\s impati5ce40 #aef ,hasselqui/1 speak+ ( ! ,/rix ,ori5talis1 or ,ori5tal ,owl1 says1 8,x is ( ! size ( ! common owl1 liv+ 9 ! ru9s ( old des]t$ h\ses ( ,egypt & ,syria2 & sometimes 9 inhabit$ h\ses4 ,! ,arab 9 ,egypt calls x ,massasa1 ! ,syrians ,bana4 ,x is v rav5\s 9 ,syria1 & 9 ! ev5+s1 if ! w9d[s be left op51 x flies into h\ses1 & kills infants1 unless !y are c>efully wat*$2 :]e=e ! wom5 are mu* afraid ( x40--,travels1 p4 #aif4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,six? ,,day4 ,section ,i4--,,on ,,quadrup$s ,,& ,,reptiles4 ,quadrup$s 9 g5]al -- ,motion -- ,habits -- ,rum9ation -- ,proportion -- ,ta/es -- ,clo?+ -- ,weapons -- ,proportionate ,numb] -- ,faculties -- ,reptiles -- ,religi\s ,improvem5t4 ,on ! six? day all t]re/rial animals 7 =m$4 8,& ,god said1 ,let ! e>? br+ =? ! liv+ creature aft] 8 k9d1 cattle1 & creep+ ?+1 & bea/ ( ! e>? aft] 8 k9d1 & x 0 s4 ,& ,god made ! bea/ ( ! e>? aft] 8 k9d1 & cattle aft] _! k9d1 & e ?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>? aft] 8 k9d40 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 ! words nephe% *aiyah1 translat$ liv+ creature1 are a g5]al t]m us$ to express all creatures endu$ ) animal life1 9 any ( its inf9itely v>i$ gradations2 f ! half-reason+ elephant d[n to ! /upid potto1 or l[] /ill1 ev5 to ! polype1#aeg :i* seems equally to %>e ! vegetable & animal life4 ,! ^w *aiyeto1 translat$ bea/1 & by ,mr4 ,p>khur/1 r5d]$ wild bea/s1 seems to signify all wild animals1 z ! ,lion1 ! ,tig]1 ! ,pan!r1 ! ,lynx1 ! ,hyna1 c1 & especially su* z are c>nivor\s1 or subsi/ on fle%4 behemah1 :i* we translate cattle1 probably means ^? ( ! dome/ic species1 su* z are gram9ivor\s1 or live on grass & o!r vegetables2 & are capable ( be+ tam$1 & appli$ to dome/ic purposes4 ,! ^w prop]ly means bea/s1 & is s und]/ood by ! ,sev5ty1 ^: int]pretation ( ! words ( ,job is1 8,behold ! bea/s ) !e1 !y eat grass l ox540 ,accord+ to ,ab1 ,ezra1 & ! ,t>gum1 x is ! 8"n ( any great bea/40 ,b ,r4 ,levi says1 t x is 8an animal peculi>ly call$ by t "n40 ,! ,hebrew behemah1 says ,buxtorf1 is tak5 9 ! s+ul> numb] = ! ,elephant1 because ( its va/ greatness4 ,a9swor? says1 ! ^w g5]ally implies all l>ge bea/s2 & ( ?is classification ! ,elephant is call$ ,behemo?4 8,behold n[ ,behemo?1 :i* ,i made ) !e2 he eate? grass z an ox40 ,! ^w "h is plural1 & signifies bea/s2 b 9 ?is passage "o p>ticul> bea/ is meant1 = x is usual ) ! ,hebrews or ,jews to express great & excell5t ?+s by words 9 ! plural numb]4 ,?\gh "s lat] & v le>n$ m5 take ! ,levia?an to be ! ,crocodile1 & ! ,behemo? to be a creature call$ ! ,hippopotamus1 or riv]-horse1 yet says ,h5ry1 8,i confess ,i see no reason to dep>t f ! op9ion1 t x is ! ,elephant t is "h describ$1 :i* is a v /rong1 /ately creature1 ( a v l>ge /ature1 above any o!r1 & ( wond]ful sagacity1 & ( su* reputation 9 ! animal k+dom1 t1 among s _m f\r-foot$ bea/s z we h _h ! natural hi/ory (1 ,job *ap4 xxxviii1 xxxix1 we c sc>ce suppose ?is %\ld be omitt$40#aeh ,! ,elephant may be ?us d5om9at$ f its great bulk & /r5g?4 ,he is ! l>ge/ ( all l& animals4 ,pl9y tells u1 t ! ,elephants 9 ,india are ?irte5 feet & a half high1 & h two tee? ( su* enorm\s size t ! ,indians use !m = po/s to _! h\ses3 ^? ( ! male be+ six or sev5 feet long1 :ile ^? ( ! female d n exce$ "o foot4 8,peaceful1 b5ea? primeval trees t ca/ ,_! ample %ade o'er ,nig]'s yell[ /ream1 ,& :]e ! ,ganges rolls 8 sacr$ wave1 ,or mid ! c5tral dep? ( black5+ woods1 ,high rais'd 9 solemn !atre ar\nd1 ,leans ! ,,huge ,,elephant40 ,8 /r5g? is also equal to t ( _m bea/s4 8,8 bones are z /rong z pieces ( brass2 8 bones are l b>s ( iron40 ,"s hi/orians say1 t 9 "t ( w> p us$ to erect wood5 t[]s on ! backs ( ,elephants1 & f ^! elevat$ =ts m5 combat$ ) _! enemies4 ,x is said t ,antio*us _h a great numb] ( ^! huge animals ) t[]s con/ruct$ ^u !m1 9 ea* ( :i* 7 ?irty-two m5 arm$4 8,he is ! *ief ( ! ways ( ,god30 t is1 a signal in/ance ( ,div9e p[] & wisdom1 ! mo/ excell5t ( all m]e animals1 9 size1 /r5g?1 und]/&+1 & sagacity4 ,none ( ! bea/s is m prud5t1 says ,/rabo3 none ( !m approa*es ne>] to man 9 8 capacity1 says ,pl9y4 8,he move? 8 tail l a c$>40 ,z 8 tail is n proportional to ! bulk ( 8 body1 _m und]/& by ?is t]m 8 proboscis or trunk4 ,! orig9al ^w "h r5d]$ tail1 signifies prop]ly ! extreme "p ( a ?+2 h5ce x is z applicable to 8 trunk1 :i* hangs l a tail1 ?\gh plac$ at ! opposite extremity ( 8 body4 ,?is he 8move?0 ) amaz+ dext]ity1 &1 at pleasure1 c /ret* x out1 & erect x l a 8c$>0 gr[+ out ( a m\nta94--8,behold1 he dr9ke? up a riv]1 & ha/e? n3 he tru/e? t he c dr9k up ,jordan into 8 m\?40 ,he be+ naturally ( a hot con/itution1 & g5]ally inhabit+ hot climates1 requires mu* liquid4 ,8 8dr9k+ up a riv]10 is a hyp]bolical expression imply+ 8 ard5t ?ir/3 & 8ha/e? n10 signifies 8 reluctance to quit ! /ream till 8 p>*+ desire be fully satiat$4 ,8 8tru/+0 t he c dr9k ! riv] 8,jordan0 dry1 is also an hyp]bolical t]m to express 8 copi\s draughts4 8,he eate? grass z an ox1 ! m\nta9s br+ him =? food20 :i* he ga!rs1 collects1 & conveys to 8 m\? ) 8 long trunk4 ,he resides 8:]e all ! bea/s ( ! field play40 ,s h>mless is ?is /rong animal1 t ! inf]ior "p ( ! brute creation are n intimidat$ at 8 pres5ce1 b graze ) him ^u ! m\nta9s1 & sport !mselves ab\t him 9 ! pla91 appreh5d+ no dang] f him4 ,h[ wondr\s are ! works ( ,god6 9 :i* are no less ev9c$ ! effects ( 8 p[]1 ?an ! displays ( 8 wisdom4 ,! ^w cattle1 also includes ,horses1 ,k9e1 ,%eep1 ,dogs1 c4 ,quadrup$s enjoy _m advantages above ! l[] tribes ( ! animal creation4 ,!y rank high] ?an ! class ( ,birds1 by br++ =? _! "y alive2 !y are sup]ior to t ( ,fi%es1 by respiration ?r\gh _! lungs2 !y are exalt$ above ! ord] ( ,insects1 by a circulation ( r$ blood ?r\gh _! ve9s2 & !y diff] almo/ f e o!r description ( creatures1 be+ ei!r :olly or 9 "p cov]$ ) hair4 ,:at admirable wisdom is display$ 9 ! motion ( animals1 suit$ to _! v>i\s occasions6 ,reptiles1 to :i* a clod1 a plant1 a tree1 or a hole1 w af=d ! means ( support+ life1 & :i* protract$ privations ( food d n mat]ially affect1 require no legs to make ext5sive excursions1 b _! v]micul> motion is adequate to e ess5tial purpose4 ,bea/s1 ^: necessities call = a l>g] sph]e1 possess accord+ly a swift] motion2 & ?is is imp>t$ 9 v>i\s degrees1 suitable to _! range = food1 & adapt$ to accel]ate _! spe$ 9 escap+ f _! enemies4 ,9 ! motion ( animals1 f ! l>ge/ ,elephant to ! smalle/ ,mite1 ! :ole body is exactly balanc$4 ,! head is n too heavy1 nor too light = its k9dr$ p>ts1 nor !y = x4 ,! b[els hang n loose1 nor are s plac$ z to ov]-balance1 or upset ! sy/em2 b well-brac$1 & accurately di/ribut$ to ma9ta9 an equipoise4 ,! mo/ active memb]s also are admirably well fix$1 9 respect to ! c5tre ( gravity1 be+ plac$ 9 ! v po9t :i* be/ s]ves to support & convey ! body4 ,e leg be>s its %>e ( ! weight4 ,! m\?s ( animals are nicely adapt$ to _! diff]5t habits ( life4 ,! ,ox1 ! ,de]1 ! ,horse1 & ! ,%eep1 h full lips1 r\gh tongues1 broad cutt+ tee?1 corrugat$ c>tilag9\s palates1 :i* qualify !m = br[s+1 ei!r by ga!r+ l>ge m\?fuls :]e ! grass is long1 or bit+ close :]e x is %ort4 ,9 ^? :i* subsi/ on fle%1 ! tee? are %>p1 & calculat$ to hold & divide _! food4 ,! bore ( ! gullet 9 animals is answ]able to _! necessities4 ,9 a ,fox1 :i* fe$s on bones1 x is v l>ge4 ,b 9 a ,squirrel x is exce$+ly small1 :i* prev5ts him f disgorg+ 8 meat 9 8 desc5d+ leaps3 & x is equally contract$ 9 ,rats & ,mice1 :i* run along walls ) _! heads d[nw>d4 ,9 all animals1 ! /r5g? & size ( _! /oma*s are proportion$ to ! nature & quantity ( _! food4 ,^? ^: alim5t is m t5d] & nutritive1 h !m small]1 ?9n]1 & weak]3 :]eas !y are l>ge & /rong 9 ^? ^: food is less nutritive1 & ^: bodies require great] supplies4 ,c>nivor\s bea/s h _! /oma*s small & gl&ul>1 z fle% is ! mo/ nutriti\s4 ,^? t d]ive _! support f fruits & roots h !m ( a middle size3 :ile on ! contr>y1 ,%eep & ,ox51 :i* fe$ on grass1 h ! l>ge/ /oma*s2 & ^? :i* rum9ate h 9 g5]al no less ?an f\r2 9 ,africa1 :]e ! plants are nutritive1 "s ( ?is class h only two4 ,yet ! ,horse1 ,h>e1 & ,rabbit1 ?\gh gram9ivor\s1 h comp>atively small /oma*s4 ,! ,horse is made = labor1 & bo? he & ! ,h>e are con/ruct$ = quick & cont9u$ motion2 = ^! ! mo/ easy respiration1 also ! free/ action ( ! diaphragm1 is requisite4 ,b ?is c\ld n be1 did ! /oma* lie heavy & cumb]some ^u x1 z 9 ,%eep & ,ox54 ,ano!r v rem>kable circum/ance is1 t ^? animals :i* h tee? on bo? jaws1 possess b "o /oma*2 :]eas mo/ ( ^? :i* h no upp] tee?1 or no tee? at all1 h ?ree /oma*s4 ,= ! meat :i* is fir/ *ew$1 is easily dige/$2 b t :i* x swall[$ :ole1 requires a /rong] concoctive p[]4 ,! ,horse eats night & day1 sl[ly1 b almo/ cont9ually3 :]eas ! ,ox eats quickly1 & takes1 9 a %ort "t1 all ! food nature requires2 & !n lies d[n to rum9ate4 ,?is diff]5ce arises f ! diff]5t con=mation ( ^! animals4 ,! ,ox1 ( ^: /oma*s ! fir/ two =m b "o capaci\s bag1 c1 at ! same "t1 receive grass into bo? ( !m1 )\t inconv5i5ce1 :i* he aft]w>ds rum9ates & dige/s at leisure4 ,! ,horse1 ^: /oma* is small1 & c receive b a small quantity ( grass1 is fill$ successively 9 proportion z he dige/s x2 & x passes into ! inte/9es1 :]e is p]=m$ ! pr9cipal decomposition ( ! food4 ,*ew+ ! cud is b a vomit+ )\t /ra9+1 occasion$ by a re-action ( ! fir/ /oma* on ! food :i* x conta9s4 ,! ,ox fills ! fir/ two /oma*s1 ! paun*1 & ! bag1 :i* is b a portion ( ! paun*4 ,?is membrane acts ) =ce on ! grass x conta9s2 x is *ew$ b a little1 & its quantity is greatly increas$ by f]m5tation4 ,7 ! food liquid1 ?is =ce ( contraction w\ld occasion x to pass by ! ?ird /oma*1 :i* only communicates ) ! o!r by a n>r[ conveyance1 & _c admit su* dry food1 or1 at lea/1 c only admit ! moi/5$ p>ts4 ,! food mu/1 !re=e1 necess>ily pass up aga9 into ! sophagus1 ! orifice ( :i* is l>g] ?an ! orifice ( ! conduit1 & ! animal aga9 *ews & mac]ates x1 & moi/5s x afre% ) its saliva3 he r$uces x to a pa/e1 suffici5tly liquid to ent] into ?is conduit1 ?r\gh :i* x passes into ! ?ird /oma*1 :]e x is aga9 mac]at$ be=e x goes into ! f\r?2 & x is 9 ?is la/ receptacle t ! decomposition ( ! hay is f9i%$1 :i* is r$uc$ to a p]fect mucilage4 ,:at *iefly confirms ?is explication is1 t z long z ! animals suck1 & are f$ ) milk & o!r liquid alim5ts1 !y d n *ew ! cud2 & t !y *ew ! cud mu* m 9 w9t]1 :5 !y are f$ ) dry food1 ?an 9 summ]1 :5 !y eat t5d] grass4 ,all ! p>ts ( ! same animal are adopt$ to ea* o!r4 ,s1 = in/ance1 ! l5g? ( ! neck is always proportion$ to t ( ! legs4 ,?\gh ! ,elephant has a %ort neck1 because ! weight ( 8 head & tee? w\ld o!rwise h be5 insupportable2 b1 !n1 he is provid$ ) a trunk1 :i* abundantly supplies ! defect4 ,9 o!r bea/s1 ! neck is always comm5surate to ! legs2 s t !y :i* h long legs h necks proportion$2 & s vice v]sa1 z is obs]vable 9 ,liz>ds ( all k9ds1 ev5 f ! ,eft to ! ,crocodile4 ,& creatures t h no legs1 z !y want no necks1 s !y h none4 ,?is equality betwe5 ! l5g? ( ! neck & legs is peculi>ly se5 9 bea/s t fe$ on grass1 9 :i* ^! are v ne>ly equal2 because ! neck mu/ necess>ily h "s advantage1 = x _c hang p]p5dicul>ly1 b mu/ incl9e a little4 ,^! creatures1 :ile fe$+1 b5d _! heads d[nw>d = a consid]able "t1 :i* w\ld be v labori\s & pa9ful to ! muscles1 7 x n = a v /iff1 /rong c>tilage1 plac$ on ea* side ( ! neck1 capable ( /ret*+ & %r9k+ aga9 z ne$ requires1 :i* but*]s call pax-wax4 ,! "o end ( ?is is atta*$ to ! head1 & ! next v]tebr ( ! neck2 & ! o!r is knit to ! middle v]tebr ( ! back3 & by ! assi/ance ( ?is1 animals are able to hold ! head 9 t incl9+ po/ure all day long4 ,! head be+ plac$ at ! end ( a long lev]1 9 a direction ne>ly p]p5dicul> to ! jo9ts ( ! neck1 w\ld be 9 con/ant dang] ( dislocation f its own weight1 _h n su* a sub/ance be5 add$1 :i*1 by its great /r5g? & t\ghness1 reta9s ! p>ts toge!r1 :ile1 by its pliancy1 x (f]s no ob/ruction to ! free motion ( ! neck & head4 ,! memb]s ( animals are exactly adapt$ to _! mann] ( liv+4 ,a ,sw9e1 ^: natural food is *iefly ! roots ( plants1 is provid$ ) a sn\t2 long1 t he may ?ru/ x to a conv5i5t dep? 9 ! gr\nd )\t injur+ 8 eyes2 & /rong & suitably =m$1 = root+ & turn+ up ! e>?3 !re=e ! retir+ "u-jaw works aft] ! mann] ( a pl\gh-%>e1 & makes its way to ! food3 & besides1 8 sc5t is extremely acute 9 discov]+ su* roots z are fit = him4 ,h5ce 9 ,italy1 ! usual way ( f9d+ truffles1 or subt]rane\s mu%rooms1 is by ty+ a cord to ! h9d leg ( a pig1 & driv+ him into pa/ures4 ,!y :o att5d !n m>k :]e he /ops & beg9s to root1 & digg+ !re1 are sure to f9d a truffle4 ,s 9 pa/ures :]e !re are e>?-nuts1 ?\gh _! roots are deep 9 ! gr\nd1 & ! leaves are q gone1 ! ,sw9e w f9d !m by _! sc5t1 & root only 9 ! places :]e !y gr[4#aei ,9 "s animals ! head is long1 9 ord] to give room = ! olfactory n]ves1 z 9 ,dogs1 :i* hunt by sc5t4 ,9 o!rs1 x is %ort1 z 9 ! ,lion1 to give him ! great] /r5g?4 ,9 bea/s ( prey1 z ,lions1 ,tig]s1 ,wolves1 !y h ! trumpet-"p or concavity ( ! e> /&+ =w>d1 to meet ! s\nd ( ! animals be=e !m1 :i* !y pursue or wat*4 ,! e>s ( animals ( flight are turn$ backw>d1 to apprize !m ( ! approa* ( ! pursu+ enemy1 le/ he %\ld assail !m unse54 ,bea/s ( prey h _! feet arm$ ) claws1 :i* "s c %ea? & un%ea? at pleasure4 ,! ,babyr\essa1 or ,indian ,/ag1 a species ( ,wild-,bo>1 f\nd 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 has two b5t tee? m ?an half a y>d long1 gr[+ upw>d1 &1 :i* is v s+ul>1 f ! upp] jaw4 ,^! in/rum5ts are n want$ = def5ce1 t s]vice be+ provid$ = by two tusks issu+ f ! "u jaw1 & resembl+ ^? ( ! common ,bo>3 nor does ! animal ?us use !m4 ,!y might seem !re=e bo? sup]flu\s & cumb]some3 h[ev]1 !y h _! utility2 = ?is animal sleeps /&+1 &1 9 ord] to support its head1 hooks its upp] tusks ^u ! bran*es ( trees4 ,9 ! ,mole we f9d a mo/ scrupul\s att5tion to ! habits ( ! animal4 ,x has %ort legs1 feet arm$ ) %>p nails1 a pig-l nose1 a velvet coat1 a small ext]nal e>1 a sunk protract$ eye1 all :i* are conduc+ to utility & safety4 ,its feet are l s _m %ovels1 plac$ 9 s peculi> a mann] z to enable ! animal to remove ! e>? on ea* side1 & ?r[ x backw>ds4 ,! cyl9drical figure ( ! ,mole1 z well z ! compactness ( its =m1 aris+ f ! t]s5ess ( its limbs1 proportionably less5 its labor2 because its bulk requires ! lea/ possible quantity ( e>? to facilitate its progress4 ,! /ructure ( its face & jaws is simil> to ^? ( a ,sw9e1 & equally adapt$ to "w 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! nose is %>p1 sl5d]1 t5d9\s1 & /rong4 ,! plu% cov]+1 :i*1 by ! smoo?ness1 clos5ess1 & poli% ( ! %ort piles t compose x1 rejects ! cohesion ( almo/ e species ( e>?1 def5ds ! animal f cold & wet1 & f ! imp$im5t :i* x w\ld o!rwise exp]i5ce by ! adhesion ( m\ld to its body4 ,be+ subt]rane\s1 ( all animals x comes out f soils ( all k9ds ! brighte/ & cleane/4 ,b its eyes are mo/ to be admir$4 ,?is animal occasionally visit+ ! surface ( ! e>?1 self-security requir$ a p]ception ( light4 ,! ,mole did n ne$ l>ge eyes to compass a great range ( vision2 & prom95t eyes w\ld h be5 less easily def5d$1 :il/ work+ "u gr\nd4 ,to reconcile ^! inconv5i5ces1 ^! eyes are sc>cely l>g] ?an ! head ( a cork+ p92 & ^! globules are s sunk 9 ! skull1 & %elt]$ ) ! velvet ( _! cov]+1 t any contraction ( ! eye-br[s1 n only closes up ! ap]tures1 b (f]s a cu%ion to prev5t any %>p or protrud+ sub/ance f injur+ !m4 ,^! ap]tures 9 _! op5 /ate1 are l p9-holes 9 velvet1 sc>cely p]vi\s to loose pieces ( e>?4#afj ,! diff]5t ta/es ( animals %[ ! wise economy ( nature4 ,ox5 delight 9 l[ gr\nds1 because !y af=d ! mo/ palatable food4 ,%eep pref] b>r5 hills1 on :i* is produc$ a p>ticul> k9d ( grass call$ fe/uca1 :i* !y highly reli%4 ,goats climb up ! precipices ( m\nta9s1 t !y may br[se on ! t5d] %rubs2 & accord+ly h _! feet con/ruct$ = jump+4 ,horses1 n 9 a /ate ( dome/ication1 *iefly resort to woods1 & fe$ on leafy plants4 ,nay1 s v>i\s are ! appetites ( animals1 t !re is sc>cely any plant :i* is n *os5 by "s1 & left unt\*$ by o!rs4 ,! ,horse resigns ! ,wat]-,hemlock to ! ,goat2 ! ,c[ gives up ! ,monks-,hood to ! ,horse2 = t on :i* "s animals gr[ fat1 o!rs abhor z poison4--,h5ce no plant is absolutely poison\s1 b only respectively4 ,?us ! ,spurge1 t is noxi\s to man1 is a mo/ :olesome n\ri%m5t to ! ,cat]pill>4 ,t animals may n de/roy !mselves = want ( kn[+ ?is law ( nature1 !y are gu>d$ by su* a delicacy ( ta/e & smell1 t ?us !y c easily di/+ui% :at is p]nici\s f :at is :olesome2 & :5 diff]5t animals subsi/ on ! same plants1 "o k9d always leaves some?+ = ! o!r1 z ! m\?s ( all are n equally adapt$ to lay hold on ! grass2 h5ce !re is suffici5t food = all4#afa ,! leaves & fruits ( trees are int5d$ z food = "s animals1 su* z ! ,slo? & ,squirrel2 ! latt] ( :i* has feet adapt$ = climb+4 ,! ,camel frequ5ts ! s&y & burn+ des]ts1 9 ord] to obta9 ! b>r5 produce ( ^? soils4 ,h[ wisely has ! ,creator provid$ = him6 he is oblig$ to trav]se ^? trackless wa/es :]e frequ5tly no wat] is f\nd = _m miles4 ,o!r animals1 s circum/anc$1 w\ld p]i% ) ?ir/3 b he c endure x )\t mu* inconv5i5ce2 8 belly be+ full ( cells1 :]e he res]ves wat] = _m days4#afb ,quadrup$s are furni%$ ) su* clo?+ z is suitable to _! v>i\s (fices4 ,to bea/s1 hair is a commodi\s cov]+1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! texture ( _! sk9s1 fits !m 9 all sorts ( wea!r to lie on ! gr\nd1 & to r5d] s]vice to man4 ,! ?ick & w>m fleeces ( o!rs are a good def5ce aga9/ ! cold & wet1 & also a s(t b$2 & to _m1 a com=table %elt] = _! t5d] "y4 ,all ! animals ne> ,hudson's ,bay are cov]$ ) a close1 s(t1 w>m fur2 &1 :at is v surpris+1 & %[s ! wisdom & goodness ( ,div9e provid5ce1 ! ,dogs & ,cats :i* are tak5 ?i!r f ,engl&1 on ! approa* ( w9t]1 *ange _! appe>ance1 & acquire a mu* long]1 s(t]1 & ?ick] coat ( hair ?an !y orig9ally _h4 ,_m animals are arm$ ) weapons ( self-def5ce1 "s ( :i* are us$ = ! de/ruction ( o!rs4 ,nay1 we sc>cely "k an animal :i* has n "s enemy to cont5d )4 ,wild bea/s are ! mo/ p]nici\s & dang]\s enemies4 ,b1 t !y may n1 by too atroci\s a but*]y1 de/roy a :ole species1 ev5 ^! are circumscrib$ )9 c]ta9 b\nds4 ,z to ! mo/ fi]ce ( all1 x des]ves to be not$1 h[ few !y are 9 proportion to o!r animals4 ,! numb] ( !m is n equal 9 all c\ntries4 ,^! fi]ce animals sometimes de/roy "o ano!r4 ,?us ! ,wolf dev\rs ! ,fox4 ,! ,dog infe/s bo? ! ,wolf & ,fox4 ,! ,tig] (t5 kills its own male :elps4 ,& wild bea/s seldom arrive at s great an age1 z animals :i* live on vegetables4 ,= !y are subject1 f _! alkal9e diet1 to v>i\s diseases1 :i* t5d to accel]ate _! dea?3 :ile ! ,elephant1 :i* fe$s on vegetables1 is fifty or sixty ye>s be=e he atta9s 8 full /r5g?1 is 9 ! highe/ /ate ( vigor at ab\t a hundr$1 & lives two or ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,b1 ?\gh animals are infe/$ by _! peculi> enemies1 yet !y frequ5tly elude _! viol5ce by /ratagems & =ce4 ,?us ! ,h>e1 by h] d\bl+s1 (t5 conf\nds ! ,dog4 ,:5 ! ,be> attacks ,%eep & ,cattle1 ^! flock toge!r = mutual def5ce4 ,horses jo9 heads toge!r1 & fight ) _! heels4 ,ox5 jo9 tails1 & fight ) _! horns4 ,sw9e unite 9 h]ds1 & boldly oppose !mselves to any attack1 s t !y are n easily ov]come3 &1 :at is rem>kable1 all ( !m place _! "y1 z less able to def5d !mselves1 9 ! middle1 t !y may rema9 safe dur+ ! battle4 ,"s animals consult _! safety by night4 ,:5 ,horses sleep 9 woods1 "o by turn rema9s awake1 &1 z x 71 keeps wat*4 ,:5 ,monkeys1 9 ,brazil1 sleep on trees1 "o ( !m keeps awake1 9 ord] to give ! sign :5 ! ,tig] creeps t[>d !m2 & 9 case ! gu>d %\ld be caught asleep1 ! re/ te> him 9 pieces4 ,div9e ,provid5ce is evid5tly display$ 9 keep+ a j proportion among/ all ! diff]5t species ( animals3 ?is prev5ts any "o ( !m f increas+ too rapidly1 to ! detrim5t ( o!rs4 ,= ! produce ( ! gr\nd w\ld be insuffici5t = ! support ( ! animal creation1 7 _! increase n regulat$ & limit$ by ! ov]-rul+ p[] ( ,god4 ,to :i* we may add1 t1 if "s animals did n fe$ on o!rs1 ! e>? w\ld be annoy$ ) putrifi$ bodies4 ,!re=e1 :5 an animal dies1 ,be>s1 ,wolves1 ,foxes1 c1 exp$iti\sly take ! :ole ( x away4 ,b if a horse die ne> a public road1 9 a few days he is swoln1 bur/1 & at la/ fill$ ) innum]able grubs ( c>nivor\s ,flies1 by :i* 8 fle% is soon entirely consum$1 & s does n become a nuisance to pass5g]s by 8 poison\s /5*4 ,?us ! e>? is n only kept clean f ! putrefaction ( dead c>cases1 b at ! same "t1 by ?is economy ( nature1 ! necess>ies ( life are provid$ = _m animals4 ,?\gh animals %\ld n die a viol5t dea?1 /ill _! p[]s only cont9ue = a limit$ "t3 !y h _! det]m9ate p]iods ( gr[?1 p]fection1 & decay3 h5ce x becomes necess>y t "o race %\ld succe$ & replace ano!r1 & = ?is purpose !y are end[$ ) a p[] ( procreation4 ,! =mation ( ! ftus1 ! mann] ( its exi/5ce1 & ! gr[? ( its p>ts1 are great secrets ( nature2 & 9 all vivip>\s animals1 ! milk f\nd 9 ! female p>5t is a ma9t5ance ready = ! "y animal1 ! mom5t x ent]s ! _w4 ,we h "h1 ! nutriti\s quality ( ! fluid--! organ = its reception & ret5tion--! excretory duct1 annex$ to t organ--& ! det]m9ation ( ! milk to ! brea/1 at ! p>ticul> juncture :5 x is ab\t to be want$4 ,! advanc$ pregnancy ( ! female has no intelligible t5d5cy to fill ! brea/s ) milk4 ,! lacteal sy/em is a con/ant wond]3 & x adds to o!r causes ( our admiration1 t ! numb] ( ! teats or paps 9 ea* species is f\nd to be> a proportion to ! numb] ( ! "y4 ,9 ! ,s[1 ! ,bit*1 ! ,rabbit1 ! ,cat1 ! ,rat1 :i* h num]\s litt]s1 ! paps are num]\s1 & are dispos$ along ! :ole l5g? ( ! belly3 9 ! ,c[ & ,m>e1 !y are few4#afc ,& ! teats ( animals :i* give suck are exactly adapt$ to ! m\?1 p>ticul>ly to ! lips & tongue1 ( ! suckl+ prog5y4 ,h]odotus obs]ves1 t ! mo/ useful animals are ! mo/ fruitful 9 _! g5]ation3 :]eas ! species ( ^? bea/s t are fi]ce & mis*iev\s to mank9d are b sc>cely cont9u$4 ,! hi/orian in/ances 9 a ,h>e1 :i* is always ei!r bre$+ or br++ =?2 & a ,lioness1 :i* be>s b once & !n loses all p[] ( conception4 ,x is evid5t t animals h n only a pr9ciple ( self-motion1 b are endu$ ) a degree ( und]/&+2 & h a w1 includ+ v>i\s passions4 ,:at !n produces ! disp>ity betwe5 m5 & brutes1 ! l9e :i* !y _c pass8 ,x is n und]/&+3 :o c say t brutes h n ?is8 ,we may z well ass]t t !y h n sight1 nor he>+4 ,b ! diff]5ce consi/s 9 ?is3 man is capable ( kn[+ & enjoy+ ,god2 ! inf]ior creatures are n4 ,?is is ! specific diff]5ce betwe5 ! two3 ! great gulf :i* ! brute _c pass ov]4 ,we meet ) a /rik+ in/ance n only ( indu/ry1 b und]/&+ 9 ,beav]s4 ,9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,am]ica1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,june & ,july1 !y assemble1 & =m a society1 :i* g5]ally consi/s ( m ?an two hundr$4 ,!y always fix _! abode by ! side ( a lake or riv]2 & 9 ord] to make a /agnant wat] above & bel[1 !y erect1 ) incr$ible labor1 a dam or pi]1 p]haps f\rscore or a hundr$ feet long1 & t5 or twelve feet ?ick at ! base4 ,:5 ?is dyke is complet$1 !y build _! sev]al ap>tm5ts1 :i* are divid$ into ?ree /ories4 ,! fir/ is b5ea? ! level ( ! mole1 & is = ! mo/ "p full ( wat]4 ,! walls ( _! habitations are p]p5dicul>1 & ab\t two feet ?ick4 ,if any wood project f !m1 !y cut x (f ) _! tee?1 :i* are m s]viceable ?an saws3 & by ! help ( _! tails1 !y pla/] all _! works ) a k9d ( mort>1 :i* !y prep>e ( dry grass & clay1 mix$ toge!r4 ,9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]1 !y beg9 to lay up _! /ores ( food2 :i* consi/ ( ! wood ( ! bir*1 ! plane1 & ( "s o!r trees4 ,?us !y pass ! w9t]1 9 ! enjoym5t ( ease & pl5ty4#afd ,9 ! ,dog we p]ceive evid5t m>ks ( sagacity1 recollection1 affection1 & rev5ge4 ,sagacity3--,9 ! ye> #agfj1 :il/ "o ,ri*>dson1 a wat]man ( ,hamm]smi?1 0 sleep+ 9 8 boat1 ! vessel broke f h] moor+s1 & 0 c>ri$ by ! curr5t "u a we/ c\ntry b>ge4 ,=tunately1 ! man's dog happ5$ to be pres5t2 & ! sagaci\s animal awak$ him1 by paw+ 8 face1 & pull+ ! coll> ( 8 coat1 at ! in/ant :5 ! boat 0 fill$ ) wat]1 & on ! po9t ( s9k+2 by :i* means he _h an opportunity ( sav+ himself f inevitable dea?4#afe ,recollection3--,a ,dog1 :i* _h be5 ! favorite ( an eld]ly g5tlewoman1 "s "t aft] h] dea?1 on see+ h] picture1 :5 tak5 d[n f ! wall1 & laid on ! floor to be clean$1 discov]$ ! /ronge/ emotions4 ,he _h nev] be5 obs]v$1 ,dr4 ,p]cival believ$1 to notice ! picture previ\sly to ?is incid5t4 ,"h 0 evid5tly a case ( remembrance1 or ( ! r5ewal ( =m] impressions4 ,affection3--,a few miles f ,ab]de51 z a g5tleman 0 walk+ across ! ,dee1 :5 x 0 froz51 ! ice gave way 9 ! middle ( ! riv]1 & he sunk2 b1 by grasp+ 8 gun1 :i* _h fall5 a?w>t ! op5+1 kept himself f be+ c>ri$ away by ! curr5t4 ,a dog1 :o att5d$ him1 aft] _m fruitless attempts to rescue 8 ma/]1 ran to a neighbor+ village1 & took hold ( ! fir/ p]son he met4 ,! man 0 al>m$1 & w\ld h dis5gag$ himself3 b ! ,dog reg>d$ him ) a look s k9d & significant1 & endeavor$ to pull him along ) s g5tle a viol5ce1 t he began to ?9k !re might be some?+ extraord9>y 9 ! case1 & suff]$ himself to be conduct$ by ! animal2 :o br\ght him to 8 ma/] 9 "t to save 8 life4#aff ,rev5ge3--,a pack ( rav5\s ,fox-,h\nds 7 half />v$ 9 _! k5nel1 to r5d] !m m furi\s & eag] 9 ! *ace3 & 7 sev]ely la%$ e day by a m]ciless keep]1 t !y might be discipl9$ to ! /ricte/ obs]vance ( 8 looks & comm&s4 ,x happ5$ t ?is petty tyrant ent]$ ! k5nel )\t 8 sc\rge4 ,! dogs obs]v$ 8 def5celess /ate2 &1 in/antly seiz+ him1 at once satisfi$ _! hung] & rev5ge by te>+ him to pieces4#afg ,! ,monkey tribe is v num]\s1 & usually divid$ by naturali/s into ?ree classes4 ,^? :i* h no tails are t]m$ ,apes1 & su* z h v %ort ones1 ,baboons2 b by f> ! mo/ num]\s class consi/s ( ^? :i* h long tails1 & are kn[n by ! g5]al "n ( ,monkeys4 ,7 we to dissect & exam9e ! sev]al compon5t p>ts ( any "o creature :i* ,god has made1 we %\ld f9d a p]fection among its sev]al p[]s1 & an adaptation ( its con/ruction to its situation 9 ! gr& scale ( exi/5ce1 f> surpass+ human wisdom4 ,at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ,baboons are "u a sort ( natural discipl9e1 & g ab\t :atev] !y und]take ) surpris+ skill & regul>ity4 ,:5 !y und]take to rob an or*>d or v9ey>d 7= !y are extremely fond ( grapes & apples17 !y g 9 l>ge companies1 & ) preconc]t$ delib]ation4 ,"p ( !m ent] ! inclosure1 :ile "o is set to wat*3 ! re/ /& )\t ! f5ce1 & =m a l9e rea*+ all ! way f _! fell[s )9 to _! r5dezv\s )\t1 :i* is g5]ally 9 "s craggy m\nta94 ,e ?+ be+ ?us dispos$1 ! plund]]s )9 ! or*>d ?r[ ! fruit to ^? t are )\t z fa/ z !y c ga!r x2 or1 if ! wall or h$ge be high1 to ^? t sit on ! top2 & ^! h& ! plund] to ^? next !m on ! o!r side4 ,?us ! fruit is pit*$ f "o to ano!r all along ! l9e1 till x is safely deposit$ at _! head-qu>t]s4 ,!y cat* x ) amaz+ dext]ity2 & :ile ! bus9ess is go+ =w>d1 a pr(\nd sil5ce is obs]v$4 ,_! s5t9el1 dur+ ! :ole "t1 cont9ues on ! wat*1 & :5 he p]ceives any "o com+1 in/antly sets up a l\d cry1 on :i* signal ! :ole company scamp] away4 ,nor are !y will+ to g empty-h&$2 = if !y are plund]+ a b$ ( melons1 = in/ance1 !y g (f ) "o 9 _! m\?s1 "o 9 _! h&s1 & "o "u _! arms4 ,if ! pursuit be vigor\s & close1 !y drop fir/ t f "u _! arms1 !n t f _! h&s2 & if x be cont9u$1 !y at la/ let fall t :i* !y _h kept 9 _! m\?4#afh ,!re is ano!r species ( ,monkey 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ( ! size ( a ,fox4 ,^! are 9 great numb]s 9 ! woods1 & make al\d & frightful noise4 ,b x is common = "o only to make a noise1 & ! re/ to =m a mute assembly r\nd him4 ,m>cgrave says1 8,i h frequ5tly se5 great numb]s ( !m meet+ ab\t noon3 at :i* "t !y =m$ a l>ge circle1 & "o plac+ himself above ! re/1 began to make a l\d noise4 ,:5 he _h sung ?us by himself = "s "t1 ! re/ all rema9+ sil5t1 he lift$ up 8 h&1 & !y all in/antly jo9$ 9 ! *orus4 ,?is intol]able yell cont9u$1 till ! same ,monkey1 :o gave ! signal = ! beg9n+1 lift$ up 8 h& a second "t4 ,on ?is !y 7 all sil5t aga91 & s f9i%$ ! bus9ess ( ! assembly40 ,?us we see1 :]ev] we turn our eyes1 ! v>i\s species ( creatures :i* ,god has made4 ,e elem5t is /ock$ ) inhabitants1 ! sea ) fi%es1 ! air ) f[ls1 & ! e>? ) quadrup$s & creep+ ?+s4 ,all ^! diff]5t prov9ces are ri*ly repl5i%$ ) food = ! support ( all ! innum]able creatures t live 9 !m4 ,& :at surpris+ skill & sagacity d "s 9 ! brute creation discov]2 su* z might make _m1 :o pride !mselves 9 _! reason1 to blu% & be conf\nd$6 ,:o does n admire ! exquisite contrivance ( birds 9 build+ _! ne/s8 ! subtlety ( sev]al creatures 9 seek+ _! prop] food8 & ( o!rs 9 secur+ & def5d+ !mselves8 ,! art ( ! ,spid] 9 weav+ & spread+ h] nets1 to ensn>e & entangle h] prey8 ! sapi5ce & indu/ry ( ! ,bee 9 build+ h] combs1 & fill+ !m ) pleasant food8 & ! c>e & =esight ( ! ,ant1 9 lay+ up h] /ore aga9/ w9t]8 ,9 ! meane/ reptile1 ! ,div9e wisdom & p[] are conspicu\sly display$4 ,! ^w remes1 translat$ creep+ ?+1 & r5d]$ reptile by ,p>khur/1 includes all ! diff]5t g5]a ( s]p5ts1 worms1 & su* animals z are n p$ane\s4 ,:at a disp>ity among animals6 ,:ile "s are ( an enorm\s size1 & /alk ab\t 9 ! greatness ( _! /r5g?1 o!rs are ( a delicate & dim9utive appe>ance1 bord]+ on comp>ative insignificance4 ,b ,div9e 8skill & p[] are n less display$ 9 ! beautiful ,*evrot91 or ,tragulus1 a creature ( ! ,antelope k9d1 & smalle/ ( all bif$ or clov5-foot$ animals1 ^: delicate limbs are sc>cely z l>ge z an ord9>y goose quill2 nor ! ,%rew ,m\se1 p]haps ! smalle/ ( ! _m-to$ quadrup$s4 ,9 ! reptile race we see also ! same skill & p[]2 n only 9 ! imm5se snake call$ ,boa ,con/rictor1 ! mortal foe & conqu]or ( ! ,royal ,tig]1 b also 9 ! ,cobra de ,manille1 a v5om\s s]p5t1 n mu* l>g] ?an a common sew+ ne$le40 ,! ,liz>d tribe are di/+ui%able at fir/ sight f o!r ovip>\s animals4 ,!y h no %ields1 l ! ,tortoises1 & are furni%$ ) tails1 :i* are want+ 9 ,toads & ,frogs4 ,!y are cov]$ ) scales1 ( great] or less rigidity1 or ) a k9d ( w>ts or tub]cles4 ,"s ( ! species are sc>cely m ?an two in*es 9 l5g?1 :il/ o!rs ext5d ev5 ! l5g? ( tw5ty-six feet4 ,! l>g] ones live on animals1 :i* !y seize by /ratagem1 & ! small] ones on insects4 ,! aquatic species und]go a metamorphosis1 f a tadpole to a p]fect /ate4 ,mo/ ( !m are produc$ f eggs1 b "s are br\ght =? alive4 ,9 _m ( ! species ! color & =m are exce$+ly beautiful4 ,!y pr9cipally inhabit ! w>m] regions ( ! globe1 & _m ( !m s]ve mank9d = food4 ,z accord+ to ! economy ( nature1 ! ,lion seems appo9t$ to ! dom9ion ( ! imm5se des]ts ( ! torrid zone1 ! ,eagle to rule z sov]eign ( ! air1 & ! ,:ale to h ! pre-em95ce 9 ! seas2 s ! ,crocodile#afi & ! ,alligator appe> to rule ov] ! %ores ( ! l>ge riv]s ( tropical climates4 ,all ! riv]s ( ,gu9ea are pe/]$ ) va/ %oals ( ! =m]1 ,m4 ,adanson hav+ se5 9 ! great riv] ,s5egal m ?an two hundr$ swimm+ toge!r2 & ! latt] are natives ( ! w>m] p>ts ( ,am]ica4--,! ,guana1 :i* gr[s to ! l5g? ( f\r or five feet1 is v common 9 ,sur9am1 ! woods ( ,guiana1 ,cay5ne & ,mexico1 & 9 _m p>ts bo? ( ,africa & ,asia2 b is n[ become sc>ce 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 9 consequ5ce ( be+ mu* s\ght aft] = ! table4--,! ,nimble ,liz>d1 measur+ f ! tip ( ! nose to ! end ( ! tail ab\t six in*es1 is kn[n 9 almo/ e "p ( ! temp]ate regions ( ,europe4 ,! ,gre5 ,liz>d & ! ,nimble ,liz>d1 are consid]$ by ,dr4 ,%aw z v>ieties ( ! same species4 ,! ,gre5 ,liz>ds are consid]$ by ! inhabitants ( ,c>ol9a z v useful animals1 9 consequ5ce ( de/roy+ flies1 & o!r tr\blesome & noxi\s insects4 ,!y w sometimes rema9 motionless = half a day1 wait+ = insects2 & :5 "o appe>s1 !y spr+ at x ) ! swiftness ( an arr[4 ,!y are s famili> z to ent] ! h\ses )\t fe>1 &1 9 pursuit ( prey1 asc5d ! tables :il/ families are eat+1 & ev5 leap on _! clo!s4 ,!y are s beautiful & cleanly1 z to be suff]$ to run across ! tables1 & ev5 ! plates1 )\t excit+ ! lea/ al>m or disgu/4 ,! ,*ameleon is a native ( ,india1 ! ,indian ,isl&s1 ,africa1 "s ( ! w>m] p>ts ( ,spa9 & ,portugal1 & sev]al ( ! c\ntries ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,its usual l5g? is ab\t t5 in*es1 & ! tail ne>ly ! same4 ,all ! motions ( ?is creature are extremely sl[1 s t :5 travell+ f "o bran* ( a tree to ano!r 9 pursuit ( food1 x may r be said to lie 9 ambu% among ! leaves1 9 ord] to cat* su* insects z may come )9 ! rea* ( its long adhesive tongue1 ?an g 9 se>* ( prey4 ,:5 walk+ on ! gr\nd1 x /eps =w>d 9 a cauti\s1 grop+ mann]1 seem+ nev] to lift "o foot till x is well assur$ ( ! firmness ( ! re/4 ,f ^! precautions1 its motions h a s+ul> appe>ance ( gravity1 :5 contra/$ ) its dim9utive size1 & ! activity t might be expect$ 9 an animal s ne>ly alli$ to "s ( ! mo/ active 9 ! creation4 ,ea* ( its eyes is cov]$ ) a r\gh membrane1 :i* is divid$ by a n>r[ horizontal slit1 ?r\gh :i* ! bright pupil1 z if bord]$ ) burni%$ gold1 is se54 ,! eyes h ?is s+ul> prop]ty1 ( look+ at ! same in/ant 9 diff]5t directions4 ,"o ( !m may frequ5tly be se5 to move :5 ! o!r is at re/2 or "o w be direct$ =w>d1 :il/ ! o!r is att5d+ to "s object beh9d2 or 9 ! same mann] upw>d & d[nw>d4 ,! prop]ty ( *ang+ its color is s+ul>1 & has l$ to v>i\s conjectures z to ! cause4 ,s]p5ts are di/+ui%able f ^? already m5tion$1 by _! total want ( feet4 ,! b&$ ,rattle-,snake1 f\nd bo? 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 is ! mo/ dread$ ( all s]p5ts4 ,provid5ce has giv5 to man a security aga9/ its bite2 = x g5]ally w>ns ! pass5g] by ! rattl+ ( its tail1 z well z by its odor1 :i* is extremely fetid4 ,:5 x has be5 irritat$1 or ! wea!r is v hot1 its poison be+ introduc$ into a w\nd1 (t5 proves fatal 9 a %ort "t4 ,if n provok$1 x is in(f5sive1 be+ s mu* al>m$ at ! sight ( m51 z always1 if possible1 to avoid !m1 & nev] comm5c+ an attack4 ,! ,great ,boa1 :i* is ! l>ge/ ( all ! s]p5t tribe1 is frequ5tly f ?irty to =ty feet 9 l5g?1 & ( a proportional ?ickness4 ,x is a native ( ,africa1 ,india1 ! l>ge/ ,indian ,isl&s1 & ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e x *iefly resides 9 ! mo/ retir$ situations 9 woods & m>%y retreats4 ,we are assur$1 t "o ( ^! s]p5ts kill$ & dev\r$ a buffalo1 9 ! isl& ( ,java4 ,x is happy = mank9d t _! rapacity is (t5 ! means ( _! own puni%m5t2 = :5ev] !y h gorg$ !mselves 9 ?is mann]1 !y seek a retreat :]e !y may lurk = sev]al days & dige/ _! meal1 become unwieldy1 /upid1 helpless1 sleepy1 & may be approa*$ & de/roy$ ) safety4#agj ,! snake tribe comprises ne>ly two hundr$ species1 :i* diff] f ea* o!r bo? 9 size & habit1 & ab\t "o-fif? ( ! :ole h be5 discov]$ to be poison\s4 8,! des]ts ( ,arabia10 says ,adanson1 8are entirely b>r51 except :]e !y are f\nd to produce s]p5ts2 & 9 su* quantities1 t "s ext5sive pla9s are almo/ entirely cov]$ ) !m40 ,! app>atus ( poison 9 ! ,vip] is v simil> to t ( ! ,rattle-,snake1 & all ! o!r poison\s s]p5ts4 ,! fang ( a ,vip] is a wond]ful in/ance ( contrivance4 ,x is a p]=at$ too?1 loose at ! root3 9 its quiet /ate1 ly+ d[n flat on ! jaw1 b furni%$ ) a muscle1 :i* ) a j]k1 & by ! pluck1 z x 71 ( a /r+1 sudd5ly erects x4 ,"u ! too?1 close to its root1 & communicat+ ) ! p]=ation1 lies a small bag conta9+ ! v5om4 ,:5 ! fang is rais$1 ! clos+ ( ! jaw presses its roots aga9/ ! bag und]nea?2 & ! =ce ( ?is compression s5ds out ! fluid1 ) a consid]able impetus1 ?r\gh ! tube 9 ! middle ( ! too?4 ,by ?is s+ul> app>atus1 ! animal is enabl$ to inflict on its enemies a mo/ deadly bite1 & infuse into ! w\nd ! mo/ delet]i\s liquid4 ,yet1 ?\gh 9 ! m\?1 ?is1 9 ! quiesc5t /ate ( ! reptile1 does n int]f]e ) its ord9>y (fice 9 tak+ its food4#aga ,no less curi\s is ! clo?+ ( ,reptiles4 ,h[ well adapt$ are ! r+s ( "s1 & ! contortions ( ! sk9s ( o!rs1 n only to gu>d ! body suffici5tly1 b enable !m to creep1 p]=ate ! e>?1 & p]=m all ! functions ( _! /ations1 bett] ?an any o!r cov]+6 ,virgil gives ! foll[+ description ( a ,sicilian s]p5t3 8,sc>ce _h he f9i%'d1 :51 ) speckl$ pride1 ,a s]p5t f ! tomb began to glide2 ,8 hugy bulk on sev'n high volumes roll'd2 ,blue 0 8 bread? ( back1 b /reak'd ) scaly gold2 ,?us rid+ on 8 curls1 he seem'd to pass ,a roll+ fire along1 & s+e ! grass4 ,m v>i\s colors ?r\gh 8 body run1 ,?an ,iris1 :5 h] b[ imbibes ! sun40 ,ev5 ! tegum5t ( ! ,e>?worms is made 9 ! complete/ mann]1 = effect+ a passage 9 ! e>?1 :]ev] in/9ct directs _! motions4 ,_! bodies are compos$ ( small r+s1 & h a curi\s app>atus ( muscles1 :i* enables !m ) great /r5g? to ext5d or contract ! :ole body4 ,ea* r+ is likewise arm$ ) /iff1 %>p prickles1 :i* !y c op5 or close at pleasure4 ,& "u _! sk9s is a %9+ juice1 :i* !y emit1 z occasion requires1 to lubricate _! bodies1 & facilitate _! passage into ! e>?4 ,by all ^! means !y are enabl$1 ) ease & spe$1 to "w !mselves into ! gr\nd1 :i* !y c\ld n d1 if !y 7 cov]$ ) hair1 fea!rs1 scales1 or su* clo?+ z any ( ! o!r creatures4--,"o ( ! mo/ s+ul> prop]ties ( ! s]p5t tribe is t ( ca/+ _! sk9s f "t to "t4 ,! beauty & lu/re ( _! colors are !n highly augm5t$4 ,! old sk9s h a t>ni%$ & )]$ appe>ance1 & are =c$ (f by ! gr[? ( ! new4 ,:5 ?is takes place1 s complete is ! spoil or coat-sk91 t ev5 ! ext]nal coat ( ! eyes !mselves make a "p ( x4 ,among creep+ ?+s1 ! ,spid] engag$ ! att5tion ( ,solomon :o obs]ves1 t he is "o ( ^? 8little ?+s on ! e>?1 t are exce$+ wise40 ,?is creature subsi/s on flies1 wasps1 & simil> insects1 )\t hav+ w+s to pursue !m2 a circum/ance app>5tly ( great difficulty1 yet provid$ = by a res\rce1 :i* no /ratagem nor ef=t ( 8 own c\ld h produc$1 _h n bo? ! ext]nal & int]nal /ructure ( ?is animal be5 specifically adapt$ to ! op]ation4 ,:at surpris+ skill & sagacity does ! ,spid] discov] 9 weav+ & spread+ h] nets to ensn>e & entangle h] prey6 ,h[ wond]fully artificial is h] web1 or h\se6 ,h[ a/oni%+ly curi\s its ar*itecture6 ,) ! f9e & delicate ?reads %e sp9s out ( h] b[els1 h[ ?9 a web does %e weave1 con/ruct$ = ! purpose ( procur+ food6 ,x is fa/5$ accord+ to ! rules ( ma!matics1 = its l9es are drawn exactly f ! c5tre at p>allel di/ances4#agb ,:5 ?is net is spread1 t %e may ! m effectually secure h] prey1 %e cunn+ly conceals h]self 9 h] cov]t1 to evade ! discov]y ( flies4 ,x is f ! accuracy ( ?is geometrical workman%ip1 t ?is cunn+ arti/ is imm$iately appriz$ ( ! approa* ( a fly1 or any o!r insect ( ! l nature1 :5 %e sallies =? & seizes on h] prey4 ,%e is furni%$ ) a v %>p hook$ =ceps1 plac$ ne> ! m\?4 ,) ?is weapon %e seizes & pi]ces ! fle% ( su* insects z entangle !mselves 9 h] web2 &1 at ! same in/ant1 by means ( a small :ite proboscis1 %e infuses a deadly juice into ! w\nd1 :i*1 9 a mom5t1 kills ! animal4 ,?is poison mu/ be v delet]i\s2 = flies1 & _m o!r insects1 may be mutilat$ by depriv+ !m ( _! legs1 w+s1 & ev5 cutt+ _! bodies ?r\gh ! v middle ( _! abdom51 &1 9 t condition1 w survive sev]al days4--,! ,c5tip$s1 ! ,scorpion1 & ! ,t>antula1 are all provid$ ) poison\s weapons4 ,app5dix to ! ,*apt]s on ,plants1 ,fi%es1 ,f[ls & ,quadrup$s4 ,if we w att5tively exam9e ! fossil rema9s ( fi%es1 animals1 birds1 & vegetables1 s abundantly pres]v$ entomb$ 9 ! cru/ ( our e>?1 we %all easily see ! necessity ( look+ into ! sepul*res ( ^! primitive creatures if we w\ld freely describe ! 8,mosaic ,creation40 ,_m ( _! g5]a & species are n[ ext9ct3 & ^? :i* rema9 seem to h dw9dl$ d[n to m]e dw>fs 9 comp>ison ) _! prototypes4 ,x is a matt] ( great satisfaction1 t ^! int]e/+ rema9s ( ! primordial _w are s well pres]v$4 ,!y are call$ by "o ! m$als ( creation3 !y reveal ! anci5t condition ( our e>?2 ! successive ev5ts2 & ! att5d+ organic app5dages ( s5sitive be+s3 & x is a matt] ( great pleasure to ! ,*ri/ian1 t :at !y disclose s cle>ly on ?is subject agrees expressly ) ! ,bible4 ,! class ( animat$ be+s call$ pisces1 or fi%es1 is n s well kn[n 9 reg>d to _! g5]a1 & species1 z ! classes ( quadrup$s & birds4 ,f ! fossil rema9s ( ea*1 & _! position 9 ! cru/ ( ! e>?1 x is well asc]ta9$1 t _! g5]a 7 creat$ successively1 & t ! mo/ anci5t g5]a are ext9ct4 ,! same is true 9 reg>d to vegetables4 ,x is equally true1 t1 connect$ ) ! successive creation1 0 a successive improvem5t 9 ! delicacy & complexity ( _! /ructure & p>ts4 ,!re 0 also a r$uction 9 ! size ( fi%es1 & quadrup$s1 & a great r$uction 9 ! am\nt ( vegetation1 z well z ! size ( _m ( ! plants4 ,^! p]iodic v>iations 9 all e>ly organiz$ bodies1 7 evid5tly ow+ to ! v>iations ( ! /ate ( ! surface ( our e>?1 & ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,! ,div9e ,be+ appe>s to h creat$ ! diff]5t g5]a suit$ 9 con/itution to ! condition ( ! _w at ! "t4 ,! cause ( _! successive ext9ction appe>s to h be5 successive cata/rophes1 :i* alt]$ ! con/itution ( our e>? & atmosph]e4 ,all ^! facts tak5 toge!r indicate1 t1 9 ! e>ly p]iods ( ! e>?1 ! soil1 wat]1 & air 7 bett] calculat$ to su/a9 ! simply huge1 & inconceivably p[]ful & fi]ce creatures ( ! animal k+dom1 ?an ! delicate & beautiful be+s ( ! pres5t p]iod4 ,! same is em95tly true 9 reg>d to vegetables1 specially _! quantity4 ,!y 7 ( trunks1 & spread+ bran*es s huge z to exce$ belief1 did we n see !m well pres]v$ 9 a fossil /ate4 ,_! quantity also 0 imm5se2 h5ce ! am\nt ( vegetable coal f\nd 9 ! e>?4 ,^! facts cle>ly indicate t1 9 ! e>ly p]iods ( our e>?1 ! surface 0 moi/1 p]haps1 m>%y = a long "t1 gradually dry+1 & pass+ to a habitable /ate3 ! air 0 v moi/ & gross1 & ! temp]ature ( ! e>? 0 mu* high] ?an at pres5t4 ,h5ce ! huge & abundant vegetable productions4 ,^! g5]al facts %all be confirm$ by a few rem>ks 9 reg>d to ea* class4 ,fi%es4--,"u ?is class is includ$1 "h1 te/ace\s1 & cru/ace\s creatures1 z well z fi%es commonly s call$4 ,! mo/ anci5t ( ?is family seem to be entirely ext9ct1 & _! rema9s are f\nd 9 great abundance 9 ! l[] transition rocks4 ,!re are _m localities :]e fossil fi%1 ( v>i\s k9ds1 are f\nd abundantly4 ,!y are sometimes f\nd 9 ! he>t ( m\nta9s1 ?\s&s ( feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,_! localities are s num]\s !y ne$ n be m5tion$4 ,!y are f\nd 9 all possible positions1 & 9 e degree ( pres]vation--"s are contort$1 & cru%$2 indicat+ sudd5 viol5ce4 ,o!rs are inhum$ 9 ! v act ( swall[+ _! prey1 & 9 e easy & natural position2 indicat+ t !y expir$ )\t viol5ce4 ,"s ( ^!1 :i* are ?us quietly buri$1 are ( ! mo/ active species2 ?us prov+ ! sudd5ness ( ! cata/rophe4 ,s ext5sive are ! depositions ( %ell-fi%1 t :ole b$s ( rock1 9 "s cases1 appe> to be compos$ ( !m2 &1 inde$1 9 "s in/ances1 m\nta9s are compos$ pr9cipally ( ^! rocks fill$ ) organic rema9s4 ,f ^! facts1 x is all[$ by all1 t ! sea once cov]$ ^! localities2 & :5 x is recollect$ t "s ( ! rock /rata1 compos$ ( ! exuvi ( ^! m>9e creatures1 are hundr$s ( feet ?ick1 ! conclusion w be irresi/ible1 t ! sea cov]$ !m = a long "t1 & t ^! rocks :i* conta9 !m 7 deposit$ at ! bottom ( ! sea1 :i* h s9ce become dry1 by ! retir+ ( ! wat]s1 or by "s subjac5t =ce upheav+ ! b$ ( ! sea1 & ( c\rse ^! deposits :i* _h be5 made at its bottom--:5 ^! fossil rema9s are f\nd 9 m\nta9 masses !y h be5 upheav$--:5 9 l[ l&s1 :]e ! rocks lie 9 situ1 ! sea has expos$ !m by retir+4 ,amphibi\s ,creatures4--,!re are yet a few animals ( ?is class2 b !y c sc>cely be call$ ! types ( ! anci5t races1 n[ ext9ct1 ^: rema9s h lately be5 discov]$1 & attract$ s mu* att5tion 9 ,europe4 ,!y are pr9cipally ( ! crocodile1 & saurian 7or liz>d7 families4 ,_! size1 & indicat$ p[]1 f]ocity1 & fi]c5ess1 are a/oni%+ beyond measure4 ,_! /ructure cle>ly indicates _! prop] elem5t 0 wet1 m>%y1 & re$y places1 su* z ! crocodile delights 9 at ?is "t3 ?us indicat+ t !y 7 9 ! e>? z ! anci5t *aotic seas retir$1 & 0 leav+ ! e>? dry4 ,if a s+le skeleton only1 ( any "o ( ^! creatures _h be5 f\nd1 naturali/s w\ld h pron\nc$ x a lusus natur4 ,b _m h be5 f\nd1 ( diff]5t g5]a & species3 only two or ?ree %all be m5tion$ "h4 ,"o ( ! crocodile family1 z is suppos$1 _h a sp9e compos$ ( #acc v]tebr1 or jo9ts1 tak5 toge!r #ba feet 9 l5g?4 ,! head 0 ne>ly #d feet4 ,its species are ext9ct2 "s ref] ev5 ?is huge animal to ! liz>d family4 ,! ,megalosaurus4 ,! skeleton ( ?is huge creature has be5 satisfactorily exam9$1 & asc]ta9$ to belong to ! liz>d family4 ,its ?igh bone is #cb in*es long4 ,x is said "s h be5 f\nd #d feet4 ,at #cb in*es1 ! animal mu/ h be5 #dh feet 9 l5g?4 ,dr4 ,buckl&1 f "s fossil rema9s1 calculates "s ( !m 7 z high z our l>ge/ elephants1 & sixty or sev5ty feet 9 l5g?4 ,& yet ?is 0 a liz>d ( ! anci5t _w6 ,! ,pt]odactyle4 ,?is is a species ( ! saurian family z ^? above4 ,its di/9ctive "* is ! elongation ( its f\r? toe1 s z to support a membrane = ! purpose ( fly+3 h5ce its "n1 w+-to$4 ,x is inde$ a curiosity4 ,its species is ext9ct4 ,! ,i*?yosaurus4 ,?is is also a reptile ( ! liz>d k9d3 b because x s mu* resembles a fi%2 x has ?is "n1 i4e4 fi%-liz>d4 ,x has a mod]ate tail--long po9t$ muzzel arm$ ) %>p po9t$ tee?2 two huge eyes2 brea!d air2 swam 9 ! wat]2 crawl$ 9 m>%y1 re$y places1 b c\ld n walk or run on l&1 hav+ flat f9s1 or bony paddles1 some:at l seals4 ,! skeletons indicate "s ( !m to h be5 #be feet long4 ,! ,plesiosaurus4 ,?is animal1 z its "n imports1 0 r ak9 to liz>ds1 ?an decid$ly ( ! g5us4 ,its v peculi> *>act]i/ic is ! immod]ate l5g? ( its neck1 & ! unexampl$ numb] ( v]tebr ( :i* x is compos$4 ,9 o!r respects x approa*es ! i*?yosaurus4 ,its rema9s indicate an animal1 accord+ to ,cuvi]1 at lea/ #cj feet long4 ,! ,iguanodon1 0 ( ! liz>d g5us1 ?ree or f\r times z l>ge z ! l>ge/ crocodile2 hav+ jaws equal 9 size to ! incisors ( ! rh9oc]os1 & cre/$ ) horns4 7,,dr4 ,,buckl&47 ,_m m creatures ( ! e>ly p]iods ( our e>? might be m5tion$1 :i* w\ld come expressly "u ! title ( ?is volume2 & ! k ( :i* is durably pres]v$ 9 ! fossils ( ! e>?1 all ( :i* w\ld confirm ! facts /at$ 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ?is pap]1 viz3 t dur+ ! fir/ & grosse/ p]iods ( our e>? previ\sly to ! creation ( man1 great numb]s ( g5]a & species ( huge & mis%ap5 animals exi/$1 :i* are n[ ext9ct4 ,= in/ance3 ! skeletons ( animals ( ! frog & toad families1 h be5 f\nd s l>ge1 z to induce "s naturali/s at fir/ to call !m human rema9s4 ,a tapir has be5 f\nd ! size ( an elephant2 & a species ( ! slo? tribe z long z a rh9oc]os66 ,^! ?+s w inde$ appe> incr$ible to ! read] at fir/2 b let him recollect t ! evid5ces ( ^! a/oni%+ facts are conta9$ 9 ! solid cru/ ( ! e>?1 & _c be deceptive4 ,!y may be se51 measur$1 weigh$1 & put up s z to =m ! :ole animal1 an object ( inspection to ?\s&s4 ,!re are b few fossil rema9s ( birds f\nd 9 ! e>?1 & ^! are pr9cipally 9 ! upp] t]ti>y /rata1 & 9 company ) ! fossil rema9s ( su* animals z are companionable & s]viceable to man4 ,! reason ( ?is is obvi\s3 ! e>? 0 n suitable = ! habitation ( birds until x _h become comp>atively dry1 & ! seas _h retir$ 9 a great measure1 & vegetation abundant4 ,! aquatic g5]a appe>$ fir/1 ( :i* !re are a few rema9s4 ,moreov] ?is class ( creatures c\ld n be ov]tak5 ) any viol5t cata/rophe1 s z to bury !m 9 a body1 or 9 p>ticul> /rata4 ,x is1 !re=e1 probable t birds1 z a class1 h pres]v$ _! g5]a & species f ! fir/2 & are n[ ne>ly ! same 9 ?is respect1 z well z 9 size1 z 9 ! e>li] p]iods ( ! _w4 ,vegetables4--,9 ! vegetable k+dom we are if possible1 m a/oni%$ ?an 9 ! animal1 ( ! anci5t p]iods ( our e>?4 ,f _! fossil rema9s1 well & abundantly pres]v$1 x is v evid5t t ! vegetation ( ! fir/ p]iods ( our e>? 0 abundant & heavy1 beyond any ?+ :i* we c conceive at ?is "t4 ,x _c be d\bt$ b t ! vegetative p[]s ( ! e>? 0 v mu* great] ?an at ?is "t1 or )9 ! memory ( man4 ,?is is evid5t f ! imm5se production ( vegetable coal4 ,?is /atem5t may be r5d]$ some:at m cr$ible :5 x is recollect$1 t ! e>?1 9 its fir/ p]iods1 0 ( a mu* high] temp]ature ?an n[2 & ( c\rse n only produc$ m abundantly1 b all p>ts ( ! e>? produc$ vegetation 9 abundance4 ,?is is evid5t f ! fact1 t )9 ! arctic circle1 :]e n[ reigns et]nal w9t]1 & no vegetation c be f\nd1 !re 0 anci5tly successive products ( heavy vegetation4 7,see app5dix to our pap] on volcanos47 ,?is is prov5 by plants be+ f\nd fossiliz$ on ! spot1 & 9 ! position 9 :i* !y grew2 z also ! leaves & fruits ( plants1 :i* are kn[n n[ to be tropical1 s well pres]v$1 & 9 su* a natural1 easy position z to prove cle>ly !y grew on ! spot on :i* !y 7 fossiliz$4 ,! flora ( ! primordial _w 0 expressly a "p ( ! #8,mosaic creation1' & :i* is b little und]/ood z yet4 ,"s ( ! pr9cipal plants 7 ( ! f]n & palm g5]a2 b _! size v f> exce$$ ^? n[ f\nd gr[+4 ,by closely exam9+ ^! fossil plants1 x w be f\nd1 t !y increase 9 size & quantity z ! p]iod ( _! gr[? is di/ant f ! "t 9 :i* man 0 creat$3 ?us indicat+ an increas+ temp]ature ( ! e>? z we asc5d 9 "t4 ,?is also corresponds ) ! well kn[n fact1 t ! size ( ^! plants n[ increases progressively f ! pol> regions to ! equator4 ,our au?or has giv5 a concise & edify+ description ( ! pr9cipal families & individuals :i* n[ exi/1 & are f\nd 9 ! e>?4 ,! above rem>ks are int5d$ to direct ! att5tion to ^? :i* h long s9ce pass$ away4 ,! propriety ( ! di/9ction betwe5 clean & unclean bea/s1 m5tion$ 9 ! ,scripture1 w appe> on ! fir/ he>+ ( _! names2 = we f9d among/ ! clean creatures1 ,ox51 ,%eep1 ,goats1 & ,lambs3 & on ! o!r side1 ,lions1 ,tig]s1 ,wolves1 ,foxes1 ,sw9e1 ,moles1 & ,s]p5ts4 ,x is evid5t t !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two p>ties1 ) respect to _! mann]s & ways ( life4 ,^? only are admitt$ among clean animals1 :i* 8divide ! ho( & *ew ! cud40 ,animals :i* divide ! ho( are m in(f5sive ) _! feet1 ?an ! sev]al tribes ( wild bea/s1 ^: paws are arm$ ) %>p claws1 to seize _! prey4 ,quadrup$s ) a divid$ ho( tread sur] ?an ^? ^: ho( is entire2 !re be+ a pla9 me*anical reason :y a foot1 :i* pres5ts sev]al angles & edges1 %\ld take fa/] hold on ! gr\nd4 ,!y are n only sur] foot$1 b also m ord]ly & regul> 9 _! progress4 ,%eep h a natural t5d5cy to foll[ ea* o!r's /eps4 ,!y approa* ! fold1 or return f x1 9 a tra92 z well z trav]se _! pa/ures 9 ! l ord]4 ,ox5 tread 9 ! v foot/eps ( _! pr$ecessors3 s t a drove ( !m1 on pass+ ?r\gh a deep & n>r[ road1 leave ! surface divid$ into a regul> succession ( ridges & furr[s1 z if x 7 ! "w ( art4 ,if animals c\ld reason & dispute z m5 c1 ?is plodd+ practice ( ! ,ox might possibly be ridicul$ by ! ,ass2 z ! or?odox believ]1 :o is cont5t to tread 9 ! /eps ( 8 =efa!rs1 is sc(f$ at by ! rambl+ free?9k]1 :o uses x z ! privilege ( 8 nature1 to deviate into by-ways1 untrodd5 by ^? :o 7 mu* wis] ?an himself4 ,sure foot+ is an image n improp]ly appli$ to elem5t>y tru? & sci5ce3 :5ce x w n be unnatural to suppose1 t ?is fir/ "* ( ! clean animals 0 int5d$ to be expressive ( rectitude & c]ta9ty ( pr9ciple 9 moral ag5ts4 ,error is v>i\s & *angeable 9 its nature3 b tru?1 be+ uni=mly ! same 9 all ages1 w always be productive ( sobriety & regul>ity 9 ^? :o foll[ x4 ,! o!r "* ( clean animals is t ( 8*ew+ ! cud20 a faculty expressive ( t act ( ! m9d1 by :i* x revolves1 m$itates1 & disc\rses on :at x has laid up 9 ! memory2 & ! ^w rum9ate has ! same metaphorical mean+4 ,an animal ?us employ$ has ! appe>ance ( ab/raction 9 its c\nt5ance1 z if x 7 engag$ 9 deep m$itation2 & x rum9ates m p>ticul>ly :5 ly+ 9 an horizontal position1 = !n ! food is m easily recall$ into ! m\? f its tempor>y lodgm5t 9 ! /oma*4 ,?is "* !n1 is expressive ( dev\t ?\ght & holy conv]sation3 = ! ^w ( ,god is ! food ( ! m9d1 :i*1 be+ laid up 9 ! he>t1 %\ld be frequ5tly revolv$2 s t be+ prop]ly appli$ to ! inw>d man1 x may contribute to a daily increase 9 fai?1 purity1 & goodness4 ,! clean animals 7 also sacr$2 t is1 set ap>t by ! law = ! purpose ( sacrifice4 ,! propriety ( :i* is evid5t3 = if ! wor%ipp]1 :o (f]$ an animal to ,god1 meant by t act to devote himself1 us+ ! animal z 8 sub/itute or proxy2 !n c]ta9ly x 0 n fit t he %\ld repres5t himself by an unclean creature1 ^: in/9cts & habits w\ld convey an odi\s idea ( 8 own p]son & "*1 & consequ5tly make 8 devotion appe> ridicul\s4 ,9 ord] to make a sacrifice acceptable1 x 0 requisite t ! qualifications ( ! (f]] %\ld correspond ) ^? ( ! (f]+4 ,! innoc5t mann]s ( a clean victim1 7 a tacit reflection on an unclean (f]]4 ,:5 ! wor%ipp]s ( ! true ,god 7 corrupt 9 _! pr9ciples or morals1 _! oblations 7 no long] ei!r prop] or acceptable3 :i* 0 signifi$ to !m 9 ^? words ( ! prophet--8,he t kille? an ox1 z if he slew a man3 he t sacrifice? a lamb1 z if he cut (f a dog's neck3 he t (f]e? an oblation1 z if he (f]$ sw9e's blood40 ,! reason is add$3 8,!y h *os5 _! own ways1 & _! s\l delighte? 9 _! abom9ations40 ,b !re is ano!r s5se 9 :i* ! in/itution ( sacrifice is to be und]/ood3 = e sacrifice _h its prophetic use1 & 0 prefigurative ( ! true sacrifice ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 ) respect to :om x 0 necess>y t e animal1 pref]r$ to ?is sacr$ application1 %\ld be recomm5d$ by e possible "* ( innoc5ce1 purity1 & p]fection3 !re=e ! sacrifices 7 tak5 f ! tribes ( ,%eep1 ,goats1 & ,ox54 ,! diet ( ! ,jews be+ ?us imm$iately connect$ ) ! mo/ solemn acts ( religi\s adoration1 ! daily c\rse ( _! liv+ c>ri$ ) x an exhortation to purity ( m9d & body1 & direct$ _! fai? to its supreme object1 ! vic>i\s sacrifice ( ! ,messiah4 ,! moral necessities ( man c only be suppli$ by ! dea? & b5efits ( a propitiatory sacrifice1 ! common sub/itute ( all mank9d3 :5ce ,god has m]cifully orda9$1 z well by ! pres5t condition ( creation itself1 z by ! appo9tm5t ( revelation1 t ! life ( 8 body %\ld be su/a9$ 9 l mann]3 !reby to rem9d u e day1 t ! life ( man is 9 a /ate ( =feiture2 & t !re c be nei!r ! pres]vation1 nor ! remission ( s9s1 )\t ! %$d+ ( innoc5t blood4 ,?us does mank9d conspire 9 (f]+ up a daily sacrifice1 & atte/+ ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 & _m p]sons ) ! same ins5sibility t ,caiaphas utt]$ a simil> prophecy 9 its favor1 8,x is necess>y t "o man %\ld die1 t ! :ole p p]i% n40 ,^! clean & unclean animals1 ) respect to _! sev]al ways ( life1 are z opposite z _! dispositions4 ,%eep1 ,ox51 ,goats1 ,de]1 c1 are =m$ into societies1 !y h]d peaceably toge!r1 & are subject to ! laws ( gov]nm5t1 z well = _! own advantage z = ! s]vice ( man4 ,b bea/s ( prey roam by !mselves 9 =e/s & des]ts1 incapable ( ent]+ into any fri5dly communion4 ,!y are s _m s+le tyrants1 :o ackn[l$ge no sup]ior1 b fight _! way1 & live 9 a /ate ( ho/ility ) ! :ole creation4 ,if !y ev] unite 9 gangs1 x is ) ! _s ( ?ieves & murd]]s1 :o are b&$ toge!r only t !y may plund] ! innoc5t ) great] security4 ,&1 l o!r depr$ators1 !y are all fond ( d>kness4 ,:5 ! sun goes d[n1 ! ,lion /alks =? f 8 d53 at :i* "t ! ,%eep1 "u ! direction ( ! %eph]d1 are retir+ to _! fold4 ,& :5 ! cattle are climb+ up ! m\nta9s to _! pa/ure1 invit$ by ! reviv+ rays ( ! ris+ sun1 ! tyrants ( ! night are w>n$ back to _! hid+-places4#agc ,! bl9dness ( ! ,mole1 ! petulance & immode/y ( ! ,dog1 ! subtlety ( ! ,fox1 ! poison\s tee? & d\ble tongue ( ! ,s]p5t1 af=d ample scope = reflection4 ,! ,egyptian hi]oglyphics 7 c]ta9 visible repres5tations ( creatures1 ^: incl9ations & actions l$ to ! k ( ^? tru?s :i* !y int5d$ = in/ruction4 ,a pr(ane & voluptu\s man 0 repres5t$ by a ,sw9e1 ^: fil?y disposition caus$ x to be hat$ by all ! ea/]n p4 ,a great hypocrite1 or a notori\s dissembl] ( wick$ int5tions1 0 express$ by a ,leop>d1 because ?is animal acts craftily1 conceal+ 8 head t he may ) less difficulty cat* 8 unw>y prey2 = ! creatures are z mu* al>m$ at 8 pres5ce1 z !y are pleas$ ) ! agreeable sc5t ( 8 body3 :5 !re=e !y approa* him1 delight$ ) ! p]fume1 he w cov] 8 head ) 8 paws1 till !y come )9 8 rea*4 ,an incorrigible p]son 0 also express$ by a ,leop>d's sk91 because its spots no art c remove4 ,a ,*amelion likewise 0 ! hi]oglyphic ( a hypocrite1 :o c accommodate himself to any religion t w s]ve 8 turn2 = ?is animal c *ange its color4 ,a /upid1 ignorant p]son1 an enemy to religion1 0 signifi$ by an ,ass2 & "o t 0 n acqua9t$ ) m5 & ?+s1 or knew n h[ to acquit himself ) dec5cy & propriety 9 ! _w1 0 pa9t$ ) ! head & e>s ( an ,ass4 ,! ,egyptians 7 accu/om$ to put ! heads ( animals on ! bodies ( m51 to express ! dispositions & conduct ( ^? p]sons !y 7 int5d$ to repres5t4 ,a ,tig]1 be+ a mo/ fi]ce animal1 signifi$ a savage1 cruel1 rev5geful disposition1 oppos$ to all goodness4 ,a ,fox is notori\s = 8 craft9ess2 !re=e he is an emblem ( a subtile p]son1 "u ! influ5ce ( wick$ ?\ghts & int5tions4#agd ,rams1 & ,bullocks ( ,ba%an1 ,lions1 or any animal ( prey1 are figures frequ5tly us$ by ! sacr$ writ]s = cruel & oppressive tyrants & conqu]ors4 8,he> ?is ^w1 ye k9e ( ,ba%an1 :i* oppress ! poor40 ,ba%an 0 a v fruitful place1 a f9e & fatt5+ pa/ure1 9 :i* 7 ! be/ f$ & /ronge/ cattle4 ,to ^!1 ! prophet comp>es ! great m5 among ! ,israelites1 especially _! judges & magi/rates1 :o 7 pr\d1 insol5t1 wanton & mis*iev\s1 l ! bulls ( ,ba%an2 :o oppress$ ! poor1 z high f$ cattle pu% & gore ! weak] sort4 8,! ,lion is come up f 8 ?icket1 & ! de/roy] ( ! ,g5tiles is on 8 way2 he is gone =? f 8 place to make ?y l& desolate3 & ?y cities %all be laid wa/e )\t an inhabitant40 ,by ?is animal is meant ,nebu*adnezz>1 ! k+ ( ,babylon1 s t]m$ on acc\nt ( 8 great p[] & fi]c5ess2 & z ! ,lion is commonly 9 ! =e/ among ! ?icket1 s ?is t]rible political rul] _h 8 /rong hold & pr9cipal seat at ,babylon1 :i* resid5ce he left to commit awful desolation among ! cities ( ,judah & ,israel4 ,! prophet ,isaiah1 ) a boldness & maje/y becom+ ! h]ald ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 beg9s 8 prophecy ) call+ on ! :ole creation to att5d1 :5 ,jehovah speaks4 8,he>1 oh heav5s2 & give e>1 oh e>?2 = ! ,"l ha? spok52 ,i h n\ri%$ & br\ght up *ildr51 & !y h rebell$ aga9/ me40 ,a *>ge ( gross ins5sibility & +ratitude is !n br\ght aga9/ ! ,jews2 by contra/+ _! conduct ) t ( ! ,ox1 & ! ,ass1 :i* is ! mo/ /upid ( animals4 8,! ,ox kn[e? 8 own]1 & ! ,ass 8 ma/]'s crib3 b ,israel do? n "k1 my p d n consid]40 ,:at a cutt+ repro(6 :at an indelible reproa*6 to h be5 favor$ ) ! be/ means ( in/ruction1 & yet to be exce$$ by ! h]d ( ! /all6 ,to p]i% = lack ( k1 aft] hav+ _h ! be/ means to acquire x1 ev9ces ! grosse/ inatt5tion1 & mo/ c5surable ins5sibility4 ,! prophet ,j]emiah lam5t$ ! wick$ness ( ! age 9 :i* he liv$1 & ! vice & immorality t e :]e ab\nd$4 ,he saw ) grief ( he>t ! holy ,sabba? pr(an$1 ! wor%ip ( ,god neglect$1 & 8 h\se & ord9ances defil$4 ,:ile a sorr[ful witness to _! gross abom9ations1 he saw ! puni%m5ts t await$ _! immorality1 & !n wept ov] :at he c\ld n am5d4 ,he gave !m fai?ful admonitions f ,god1 b !y disreg>d$ !m1 & drank 9 iniquity l wat]1 & drew s9 z ) a c>t-rope3 because !y _h be5 taught to d evil 7= s ! m>g9 reads17 tra9$ up 9 _! evil ways1 _h le>n$ to s9 by precept & example1 & 7 great pr(ici5ts 9 vici\s pursuits3 f _! y\? _! natural prop5sity to evil _h increas$ by cont9u$ practice1 till s9n+ 0 become habitual1 & !re 0 little hope left ( am5dm5t4 ,!re=e he exclaims1 8,c ! ,e?iopian *ange 8 sk91 or ! ,leop>d 8 spots8 !n may ye also d good1 t are accu/om$ to d evil40 ,! ,e?iopian's sk9 is ( s sable a hue1 t no wat] c wa% x :ite4 ,a ,leop>d's sk9 is beautifully spott$1 :i* is n ! result ( accid5t1 b nature1 & _c be defac$4 ,by ^! two similes ! prophet designs to repres5t1 n only ! natural impossibility )\t ,div9e aid1 b also ! extreme difficulty ( habitual s9n]s le>n+ to d well1 aft] !y h long accu/om$ !mselves to d evil4 ,! lea/ s9 is to be avoid$1 ! lea/ gr[? ( s9 to be prev5t$2 = s9 indulg$ 9 ?\ght w beget desire1 desire w break out into action1 action w gr[ into cu/om1 cu/om w settle into habit1 & !n1 !re is ! utmo/ dang] ( bo? body & s\l be+ irrecov]ably lo/4 ,:5 our ,savi\r s5t =? 8 apo/les to prea* ! ,gospel1 he in=m$ !m ( ! h>d%ips1 dang]s1 & disc\ragem5ts !y w\ld h to enc\nt]1 9 ! fai?ful dis*>ge ( _! m9i/ry2 especially aft] 8 resurrection1 :5 !y w\ld be depriv$ ( 8 p]sonal pres5ce2 = we d n read ( any great p]secutions !y endur$ :ile he 0 ) !m4 ,^! suff]+s he =etold1 t !y might n be surpris$ at _! approa*2 & t1 by ! accompli%m5t ( ?is pr$iction1 _! fai? might be confirm$4 8,behold1 ,i s5d y =? z %eep 9 ! mid/ ( ,wolves40 ,"h we h a pr$iction ( _! p]il\s condition2 !y 7 to be z ,%eep 9 ! mid/ ( ,wolves4 ,& :at situation m dang]\s6 ,:at c %eep1 t are feeble creatures1 & de/itute ( natural arm\r to def5d !mselves1 expect1 9 ! mid/ ( rav5\s wolves1 b to be r5t & torn to pieces8 ,s ^?1 among/ :om ! apo/les 7 to be s5t1 w\ld h z great an incl9ation1 aris+ f _! malici\s dispositions1 to de/roy !m1 z wolves h f _! nature to dev\r %eep4 ,wick$ m5 are l wolves1 ^: nature x is to de/roy & dev\r %eep2 !y are ( a diabolical disposition t[>ds ! m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel4 ,our ,savi\r also gave 8 apo/les advice1 h[ to conduct !mselves 9 su* v unpleasant & dang]\s circum/ances4 8,be ye !re=e wise z s]p5ts10 n cunn+ z foxes1 ^: aim is to deceive o!rs2 b z s]p5ts1 ^: policy is only to def5d !mselves1 :5 !y are 9 dang]4 ,a s]p5t's wisdom appe>s 9 a c>e to gu>d & secure its head1 t x may n be hurt2 9 /opp+ its e>s aga9/ ! voice ( ! *>m]1 :i* x does1 says a c]ta9 naturali/1 by lay+ "o e> close to ! gr\nd1 & /opp+ ! o!r ) its tail2 & 9 %elt]+ itself 9 ! clefts ( a rock1 :5 9 dang]4 ,s %\ld ,*ri/'s m9i/]s1 9 a "t ( p]il1 use all lawful means = _! own safety & pres]vation2 !y %\ld be w>y & circumspect to keep !mselves f h>m1 ei!r ( body or s\l4 8,& h>mless z doves40 ,m9i/]s %\ld be meek1 d no p]son any h>m1 be> no ill-w1 be )\t gall1 z is said ( ! dove2 ?\gh _! enemies %\ld be fi]ce & savage1 l wolves1 yet !y mu/ n /udy h[ to rev5ge ! injuries done !m4 ,x %\ld be _! cont9ual c>e to be in(f5sive1 9 ^w & de$3 wisdom & innoc5ce %\ld dwell toge!r4 ,m9i/]s mu/ n be altoge!r doves1 le/ !y fall into dang]2 nor altoge!r s]p5ts1 le/ !y injure o!rs2 b !y mu/ be bo? s]p5ts & doves1 ! "o = wisdom1 ! o!r = innoc5ce4 8,t ?\ may/ injure no man1 dove-l be1 ,& s]p5t-l1 t none may injure !e60 ,our ,savi\r likewise cautions 8 foll[]s aga9/ false tea*]s4 8,bew>e ( false prophets40 ,! t]m prophet 9 ! ,scripture1 signifies "o :o =etells ?+s to come2 ?is is ! mo/ prop] signification ( ! ^w4 ,x also means "o :o exp\nds ! pr$ictions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,& sometimes we are to und]/& by x1 "o employ$ 9 ! m9i/ry ( ! ,gospel2 9 ?is s5se a prophet & a tea*] are reciprocal t]ms4 ,s t by prophet "h our ,savi\r means false tea*]s1 :o1 pret5d+ au?ority f ,god1 ex]cis$ !mselves 9 ! m9i/ry1 & publi%$ false doctr9e1 or at lea/ repres5t$ tru? 9 a corrupt mann]1 ) a fraudul5t int5tion1 f base motives1 & = vile ends2 by ^: doctr9e p]sons 7 9 no small dang] ( be+ s$uc$ f _! simplicity1 & drawn away f ! tru?1 s9c]ity1 & p[] ( godl9ess2 into a dead & lifeless =mality1 & an empty %[ ( religion & piety4 ,n[ aga9/ su* m51 ,*ri/1 9 ! days ( 8 public m9i/ry1 w>n$ 8 he>]s1 to prev5t _! deception1 appris+ !m t !y w\ld 8come 9 %eep's clo?+40 ,!y disguis$ _! dang]\s pr9ciples & base int5tions1 "u a %[ ( ext]nal religion1 & fair pr(essions ( love1 t1 !reby !y might deceive o!rs4 8,b inw>dly !y are rav5+ ,wolves40 ,!y 7 z dang]\s to ! s\ls ( m51 z rav5\s ,wolves are to ,%eep1 :i* wat* = an opportunity to seize _! prey1 sil5tly approa* ! %eep-fold to see :e!r ! dogs be asleep1 or ! %eph]d be abs5t3 s false tea*]s ) wret*$ hypocrisy & sophi/ry1 c\nt]feit s9c]ity1 humility1 & sanctity2 & 7 x n = ?is semblance ( piety1 _! ef=ts to injure ! *ur* ( ,god w\ld be ineffectual4 ,he comp>es ^! false tea*]s to ,wolves1 especially on acc\nt ( _! cruelty4 ,^! animals are n cont5t to satisfy _! hung]1 b w de/roy multitudes m]ely to gratify _! voraci\s nature4 ,s false tea*]s /rive to injure ! :ole *ur* ( ,god1 & ?us de/roy s\ls4 ,our ,savi\r exhort$ 8 auditory to ! ex]cise ( ,*ri/ian prud5ce1 9 ! disp5s+ ( spiritual ?+s4 8,give n t :i* is holy unto ! ,dogs1 nei!r ca/ ye y\r pe>ls be=e ,sw9e1 le/ !y trample !m "u _! feet1 & turn aga9 & r5d y40 ,! deep ?+s ( ,god1 relat+ to doctr9es1 are n to be divulg$ to ^? :o are wall[+ 9 s92 nei!r are ! great ?+s he has done 9 8 p to be decl>$ to pr(ane1 furi\s p]secutors3 b bo? classes ( wick$ m5 may be reprov$ on prop] occasions4 ,by ,dogs1 our ,savi\r means fr[>d1 p]v]se1 malici\s1 rev5geful1 boi/]\s1 incorrigible1 & irreclaimable s9n]s1 :o scorn holy in/itutions1 mock at e ?+ sacr$1 sc(f at religion1 d]ide ! ^w ( ,god1 & all s]i\s repro(s & admonitions1 :e!r giv5 by p>5ts1 ma/]s1 m9i/]s1 gov]nors1 & o!rs2 :o are ready to p]secute ^? :o prea* ! ,gospel1 & endeavor to promote _! salvation4 ,by ,sw9e1 he means su* s9n]s z are pr(ane & s5sual1 & l ,sw9e wall[ 9 ! mud ( s9 & wick$ness2 to :om x is z pleasant to live 9 _! bea/ly lu/s1 z x is = ,sw9e to wall[ 9 ! mire2 & to disreg>d1 abuse1 & trample on holy ?+s4 ,/4 ,pet]1 9 %[+ :at all m5 are 9 ! sight ( ,god1 be=e !y receive 8 grace1 & :at ^? are :o turn apo/ates f ! tru?1 alludes to two (f5sive actions ( ,dogs & ,sw9e4 8,x has befall5 to !m accord+ to ! true prov]b1 ! ,dog is turn$ to 8 vomit1 & ! ,s[ t 0 wa%$ to h] wall[+ 9 ! mire40 ,blackwall says1 ?is prov]b1 ) great propriety & /r5g?1 m>ks out ! sotti%ness & odi\s mann]s ( p]sons enslav$ to s5sual appetites & c>nal lu/s2 & ! extreme difficulty ( re=m+ vici\s & invet]ate habits4 ,z a ,dog1 obs]ve ,bi%op ,patrick1 :5 he has vomit$ up 8 meat :i* made him sick1 is no soon] well b he returns to x1 & eats x up aga91 =gett+ h[ ill x agre$ ) him2 s an imprud5t p]son commits ! same error ov] aga91 = :i* he =m]ly sm>t$4 ,! evil nature rema9+1 & at la/ ga9+ ! asc5d5cy1 9 a man1 :o _h ?r\gh grace re=m$ 8 life1 r5d]s him l ! loa?some & dete/able ,s[1 z ,dr4 ,doddridge rem>ks2 = ! ,s[ t 0 wa%$ f ! fil?9ess %e _h be=e contract$1 hav+ /ill ! same unclean nature prevail+1 is return$ to wall[ 9 ! mire1 & s makes h]self z fil?y z %e _h ev] be5 be=e4 ,&1 adds ,dr4 ,:itby1 ^! two prov]bs are expressive ( ! folly ( ^? m5 :o return to ^? vices !y _h =m]ly r5\nc$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,section ,,ii4--,,man4 ,,body3 -- ,its ,creator -- ,=mation -- ,vitality -- ,blood -- ,he>t -- ,art]ies & ,ve9s -- ,dige/ion --,respiration -- ,gl&s -- ,absorb5ts -- ,n]v\s ,sy/em -- ,organs ( ,s5se -- ,bones -- ,s9ovia --,muscles -- ,t5dons -- ,cellul> ,membrane -- ,sk94 ,,s\l3 -- ,its ,immat]iality -- ,fre$om --,immortality -- ,moral ,image -- ,adam's ,dom9ion ov] ! ,creatures -- ,woman -- ,p>adise4 ,all ?+s necess>y1 conv5i5t1 & delightful1 be+ prep>$ = ! accommodation ( ,man3 light1 t he might see2 air1 t he might he> & brea!2 dry l&1 on :i* he might walk2 h]bs & fruit-trees1 = 8 gratification & su/5ance2 fi%1 f[l1 cattle1 & creep+ ?+s1 = 8 s]vice3 !n ,god proce$$ to make him1 z ! la/ & greate/ display ( 8 wisdom & p[]1 ! ma/]-piece ( all sublun>y creatures1 ^: creation alone is repres5t$ 9 ! sacr$ ,hi/ory1 z an effect result+ f a div9e consultation4 8,& ,god said1 ,let u make man 9 our image1 aft] our lik5ess4 ,s ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ he him2 male & female creat$ he !m40 ,x appe>s f ! +5i\s ,p>able ( ,protagoras 9 ,plato1 x 0 a v anci5t op9ion t man 0 la/ creat$ aft] ! o!r liv+ creatures4 ,9 all ! =m] works1 ,god only said1 ,let su* & su* ?+s be1 & !y 72 he spake ! ^w1 & x 0 done4 ,b n[1 :5 ,man 0 to be made1 ,god is spok5 ( z call+ a c\ncil1 8,let u make man1 9 our image1 aft] our lik5ess40 ,?is imports t ,man 0 to be a creature diff]5t f all t _h be5 produc$1 & f> m excell5t & wond]ful 9 8 con/itution2 a comp\nd ( fle% & _s1 heav5 & e>?1 put toge!r1 ! visible image ( ! ,div9e glory1 & d$icat$ & devot$ to 8 ,creator's s]vice4 ,man 0 ! "w ( ,,elohim1 ! ,div9e ,plurality1 m>k$ "h m di/9ctly by ! plural pron\ns ,,u & ,,our2 all ! ,?ree ,subsi/5cies 9 ! ,godhead are repres5t$ z unit$ 9 c\nsel & ef=t to br+ into exi/5ce ?is a/oni%+ creature4 ,ab5 ,ezra1 a ,jewi% ,rabbi1 imag9$ t ! s\ls ( all m5 7 made on ! fir/ day ( ! creation1 & t ,god consult$ !m to obta9 _! cons5t be=e he w\ld assign !m bodies ( fle%1 h]eaft] to be creat$4 ,?is is a gr\ndless hypo!sis1 d]iv$ f ! ,platonic philosophy2 = ,god says1 8,let u make man 9 our image10 :i* %[s t ,adam's s\l _h !n no exi/5ce1 = 9 t case1 x d\btless w\ld h be5 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,"s o!r ,jewi% ,doctors1 z ,manasseh b5 ,israel1 ridicul\sly conceiv$ t ,god spake to ! elem5ts4 ,b ?is is m absurd ?an ! =m]2 = ! expression1 8,let u make man10 implies capacity ( consultation 9 ^? spok5 to1 & real effici5cy4 ,b ! elem5ts are n intellig5t be+s1 nei!r effici5t1 b only mat]ial p>ts ( man4 ,nor does ,god "h speak to ! angels1 z ! au?ority ( ! ,p>aphrase1 :i* is call$ ,jona?an's1 sugge/s4 ,! words ( ! ,p>aphrase are ^!3 8,god said to ! angels1 :i* m9i/]$ be=e him1 ,let u make man40 ,x is a not$ say+ ( ! ,jewi% ,rabbis1 t ,god does no?+ )\t consult+ 8 family above3 !y mean1 8 holy angels4 ,sev]al h]etics1 9 ! fir/ & second c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity1 7 ( op9ion1 t ?is l[] _w 0 made by angels4 ,?is notion is likewise errone\s3 ,god "h speaks to ^? 9 ^: image man 0 to be =m$1 b he 0 n made 9 ! image ( angels4 ,x is pret5d$ by ^? :o are enemies to ! or?odox doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 t ?is is a figurative way ( speak+1 only to express ! dignity ( ,god1 n to d5ote any plurality 9 him2 t he "h speaks 9 ! plural numb] aft] ! mann] ( pr9ces1 :o say1 ,we w & require1 or1 ,x is our pleasure4 ,b ?is is only a f>-fet*$ inv5tion1 to evade ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 by p]sons 9 latt] times1 & no way agreeable to ! fir/ ages ( ! _w1 or ! ,hebrew /yle4 ,mel*iz$eck1 ,abimele*1 ,ph>oah1 & ,balak1 all speak 9 ! s+ul> numb]4 ,! k+s ( ,israel us$ ! same /yle1 z did ,saul1 ,david1 & ev5 ,solomon 9 all 8 glory4 ,& also ! ,ea/]n mon>*s3 8,i 7,d>ius7 make a decree4 ,i1 ev5 ,i1 ,artax]xes ! k+1 d make a decree40 ,nor is !re 9 ! ,scriptures "o example to ! contr>y4 ,beside1 h[ absurd x is to suppose t ,god w\ld borr[ 8 mode ( speak+ f a practice :i* did n exi/6 ,& ev5 grant+ ?is possible1 yet ! cases are n p>allel4 ,= ?\gh a ,k+1 or ,gov]nor1 may say u & we1 !re is c]ta9ly no figure ( spee* t w all[ a s+le p]son to say1 "o ( u1 :5 he speaks ( himself4 ,x is a phrase t c h no mean+1 unless !re be m p]sons ?an "o conc]n$4 ,yet 9 addition to ,,u & ,,our1 ?is we f9d is ! /yle 9 :i* ,god has spok5 ( himself4 ,!re are "s p]sons :o ma9ta91 9 opposition to ! cle> light ( revelation1 t !re is b "o ,subsi/5ce 9 ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,?is 0 ! op9ion ( ! ,sabellians1 a d5om9ation :i* arose 9 ! ?ird c5tury2 &1 c]ta9 p]sons1 9 mod]n times1 h embrac$ ! same4 ,^! cont5d t ,god "h speaks to himself1 z consult+ ) himself1 to create man1 & t1 ?\gh ! words be plural1 yet ! s5se is s+ul>1 z if he _h said1 ,let me make man4 ,"o ( ! ,p]sons1 or ,subsi/5cies 9 ! ,godhead1 "h speaks to ! o!r ,two1 & :o m likely ?an ! ,fa!r1 :o is fir/ 9 ! ord] ( arrangem5t1 z giv5 by ! sacr$ ,writ]s4 ,! ,fa!r1 n ! ,son1 is ! fir/2 ! ,son1 n ! ,holy ,_s1 is ! second2 & ! ,holy ,_s1 n ! ,fa!r1 is ! ?ird4 ,h5ce1 ! ,fa!r1 :5 he said1 8,let u make man10 address$ himself to ! ,son1 & to ! ,holy ,_s1 :o 7 !re9 jo9t & equal ,creators ) him4 8,none sai?1 ,:]e is ,god my ,mak]80 9 ! ,hebrew1 ,mak]s1 is ! language us$ 9 ! ,book ( ,job1 imply+ a ,plurality ( ,p]sons 9 a ,unity ( ,ess5ce3 a phraseology l t ( ,solomon1 8,rememb] ?y ,creator10 9 ! orig9al1 ,creators4 ,! prophet ,isaiah adopts ! same /yle1 8,?y ,mak] is ?9e husb&10 9 ! ,hebrew1 ?y ,mak]s are ?y ,husb&s4 ,?us x evid5tly appe>s1 t ?is consultation 0 among ! ,p]sons 9 ! ,godhead2 t all ! ,?ree1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s1 7 conc]n$ 9 man's creation2 & 7 !re9 jo9t ,creators1 equal 9 nature1 p[]1 & effici5cy4 ,dr4 ,wat]l& says1 t ?is text1 ,let u make man1 has be5 und]/ood ( ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 or at lea/ ( ,fa!r & ,son1 by ! :ole succession ( ,*ri/ian writ]s1 f ! times ( ! apo/les2 :i* is a circum/ance ( consid]able importance1 & w impress ! m9ds ( s9c]e & imp>tial m54 ,t ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs 7 unanim\s 9 _! judgm5t1 t ^! words 7 spok5 by ! ,fa!r to ! ,son1 or ,_s1 or bo?1 appe>s 9 _! works1 f :i* we %all adduce a few pro(s4 ,b>nabas says3--8,& = ?is ! ,"l 0 cont5t$ to suff] = our s\ls1 ?\gh he be ! ,"l ( ! _w2 to :om ,god said1 ! day be=e ! =mation ( ! _w1 ,let u make man aft] our image & similitude40#age ,h]mas3--8,he 0 pres5t 9 c\nsel ) 8 ,fa!r = ! =m+ ( ! creature40#agf ,!ophilus ( ,antio*3--8,he direct$ ^! words1 ,let u make man1 to none o!r ?an 8 own ,^w & 8 own ,wisdom40#agg ,ir5u3--8,8 ,^w & ,wisdom1 8 ,son & ,_s1 are always pres5t ) him1 to :om also he spake1 say+1 ,let u make man1 c40#agh ,aga93--8,man 0 fa%ion$ aft] ! image & lik5ess ( ! uncreat$ ,god1 ! ,fa!r will+ 8 creation1 ! ,son m9i/]+ & =m+ him1 ! ,holy ,gho/ n\ri%+ & increas+ him40#agi ,t]tullian3--8,nay1 because 8 ,son is ev] pres5t ) him1 ! second p]son1 8 ,^w2 & ! ?ird1 ! ,_s 9 ! ,^w2 !re=e he spake 9 ! plural1 ,let u make man 9 our image40#ahj ,novatian3--8,:o does n ackn[l$ge ! ,son to be ! second p]son aft] ! ,fa!r1 :5 he reads t x 0 said to ! ,son by ! ,fa!r1 ,let u make man40#aha ,orig53--8,to him also spake he 7! ,fa!r17 ,let u make man aft] our image40#ahb ,a?anasius3--8,:o is ?is t ,god conv]ses ) "h8 ,to :om are ^! notifications & det]m9ations ( 8 pleasure direct$8 ,n to any ( ! creatures already made2 mu* less to ^? ?+s :i* 7 n yet creat$2 b1 und\bt$ly to "s p]son1 :o 0 !n pres5t ) ! ,fa!r1 to :om he communicat$ 8 c\ncils1 & ( ^: ag5cy he made use 9 ! creation ( !m4 ,& :o c\ld ?is be b 8 et]nal ,^w8 ,) :om c we conceive ! ,fa!r hold+ 8 conf]5ce1 b ) 8 ,son1 ! div9e ,,logos1 t ,wisdom ( ,god1 t 0 pres5t ) him1 & act$ ) him1 9 ! creation ( ! _w1 :o 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god1 & 0 ,god8 & :o sai? ( himself1 ,:5 he prep>$ ! heav5s1 ,i 0 !re2 :5 he appo9t$ ! f\ndations ( ! e>?1 !n 0 ,i by him1 z "o br\ght up ) him40 ,/4 ,augu/9e3--8,_h ,god said no m ?an1 ,let u make man1 x might1 ) "s color1 be und]/ood z spok5 to ! angels1 :om ! ,jews pret5d he employ$ 9 fram+ ! body ( man1 & o!r creatures2 b see+ x imm$iately foll[s1 aft] our image1 x is highly pr(ane to believe1 t man 0 made aft] ! similitude ( angels2 & t ! similitude ( ,god & angels is "o & ! same40 ,/4 ,ambrose speaks to ! same purpose3--8,god w\ld n speak ?us to 8 s]vants1 because x is n to be ?\ght1 t s]vants 7 p>tn]s ) _! ,"l1 9 8 works ( creation2 or ! works ) _! ,au?or4 ,&1 suppos+ ?is %\ld be admitt$1 t ! "w 0 common to ,god & angels1 yet ! image 0 n common40 ,nay1 ! second ,c\ncil ( ,sirmium1 :i* 0 held 9 #cea1 pron\nc$ an ana!ma on all ^? :o d5i$ ?is4 ,! words ( ! ,c\ncil are ^!3--8,if any say1 t ! ,fa!r did n speak to ! ,son1 :5 he said1 ,let u make man1 b t he spake to himself1 let him be accurs$40#ahc ,epiphanius3--8,?is is ! language ( ,god to 8 ,^w1 & ,only-begott51 z all ! fai?ful believe40#ahd ,& aga9 he says1 8,adam 0 =m$ by ! h& ( ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/40#ahe ,i obs]ve m at l>ge f ,ir5u1 t he rejects ! notion ( ! ,jews & ,h]etics1 :o suppos$ ,god spake to 8 angels4 ,= disput+ aga9/ ,h]etics1 :o attribut$ ! creation ( ! _w to angels1 & p[]s sep>ate f ! "o true ,god1 he says ?us3--8,angels did n make u1 nor did !y =m u2 nei!r 0 x 9 _! p[] to make ! image ( ,god3 none b ! ,logos c\ld d ?is2 no p[]s di/9ct f ! ,fa!r ( all ?+s3 = ,god did n want _! assi/ance 9 mak+ ! ?+s :i* he _h orda9$4 ,= 8 ,^w & 8 ,wisdom1 ! ,son & ! ,holy ,gho/1 are always ) him2 by :om & ) :om1 he made all ?+s freely1 & ( 8 own accord2 to :om also he spake 9 ^! words1 ,let u make man 9 our image & lik5ess40#ahf ,! te/imony ( ,dr4 ,k5nicott w be respect$ by ^? :o are lov]s ( ! tru?4 8,god1 says he1 be+ ab\t to create man1 is introduc$ say+--,let ,,u make man 9 ,,our image1 aft] our lik5ess2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! hi/orian tells u--s ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ he him4 ,x is evid5t !n1 t ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image2 ?is is m5tion$ ?rice by way ( emphasis1 & to prev5t1 if possible1 all possibility ( miscon/ruction4 ,n[ :at ,god did1 0 c]ta9ly :at he propos$ to d2 ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image1 t is1 9 ! image ( ! ,godhead1 & !re=e ,god propos$ to create him 9 ! image ( ! ,godhead4 ,b if ,god propos$ to create him 9 ! image ( ! ,godhead1 ! proposal mu/ h be5 made to ! ,godhead2 because ! words are--,let u make man 9 ,,our image4 ,& if ! proposal be "h made by ,god to ! ,godhead1 x is absurd to suppose x made to ! same ,p]son t makes x2 & consequ5tly reasonable to ?9k x made to ! o!r two p]sons 9 ! ,unity ( ! ,godhead40#ahg ,! creature n[ to be made is man4#ahh ,& ,god said1 ,let u make man4 ,x is evid5t t ,god1 by introduc+ ! creation ( man ) ?is peculi> phraseology1 int5ds to impress ! m9d ) a s5se ( some?+ extraord9>y 9 8 =mation4 ,! ^w ,adam1 :i* is translat$ man1 is int5d$ to designate ! species ( animal1 :i* is va/ly sup]ior to all ! re/4 ,?\gh ! same k9d ( organization may be f\nd 9 ,man1 z appe>s 9 ! l[] animals1 yet1 z "o obs]ves1 !re is a v>iety & complication 9 ! p>ts1 a delicacy ( /ructure1 a nice arrangem5t1 a judici\s adaptation ( ! v>i\s memb]s to _! great (fices & diff]5t functions1 a dignity ( mi51 & p]fection ( ! :ole1 :i* are s\ght = 9 va9 9 all o!r creatures4 ,man is a comp\nd creature1 consi/+ ( two di/9ct ess5tial p>ts1 body & s\l4 ,! union ( ^! con/itutes man1 = nei!r ( !m :5 sep>at$ c be s d5om9at$4 ,! body 0 made be=e ! s\l1 & =m$ out ( ! e>?1 or1 z ph] implies1 ! du/4 8,! ,"l ,god =m$ man ( ! du/ ( ! gr\nd40 ,he aft]w>ds pron\nc$1 ,du/ ?\ art4 ,?is l$ ,solomon to affirm1 8,all are ( ! du/40 ,! ,apo/le adds1 8,! fir/ man 0 ( ! e>?1 du/y10 z ,a9swor? r5d]s x4 ,& we are said to 8dwell 9 h\ses ( clay10 & to h our 8f\ndation 9 ! du/40 ,( ! s\l x is said1 8,god brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life30 rua* *ayim1 ! brea? ( ,,lives2 i4e4 animal1 intellectual1 & spiritual4 ,:ile ?is brea? ( ,god exp&$ ! lungs1 & set !m to play1 8 inspiration gave bo? _s1 und]/&+1 & felicity4 ,?us we see t ! s\l & ! body are n ! same ?+2 ! "o is ( ! e>?1 ! o!r is f ,god4 ,! ,rabb9s say1 8,! =m ( ! s\l is n comp\nd$ ( ! elem5ts1 c1 b is ( ! ,"l f heav54 ,!re=e :5 ! mat]ial body1 :i* is comp\nd$ ( ! elem5ts1 is sep>at$1 & ! brea? p]i%es because x is n f\nd1 b ) ! body1 & is ne$ful = ! body 9 all its actions2 ?is =m 7i4e4 ! s\l7 is n de/roy$1 c1 b cont9ues = ev]4 ,?is is t :i* ,solomon by 8 wisdom said1 #8,!n %all ! du/ return unto ! e>? z x 02 & ! _s %all return unto ,god :o gave x4'0 ,z ! =mation ( man's body 0 effect$ previ\sly to ! infusion ( 8 s\l1 we %all att5d to ! same ord]1 9 attempt+ to elucidate ?is important & v int]e/+ subject4 ,! ^w jitz]1 r5d]$ he =m$1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,b5son1 is n us$ conc]n+ any o!r creature1 & implies a gradual process 9 ! "w1 ) great accuracy & exactness4 ,x is prop]ly us$ ( pott]s =m+ vessels on ! :eel2 & ,rabbi ,d4 ,kim*i says1 t1 :5 us$ conc]n+ ! creation ( man1 x signifies ! =mation ( 8 memb]s4 ,bi%op ,patrick intimates1 t ! body ( man 0 made n ( dry1 b moi/ du/2 & t ?is agrees ) ! ,hebrew ,,jitz]1 =m$1 :i* is us$ conc]n+ pott]s1 :o make _! vessels ( clay1 n ( dry e>?4 ,diodorus ,siculus says1 8,man 0 made out ( ! slime1 or mud1 ( ! ,nile40 ,! ^w ( ! ,"l once came to ,j]emiah1 say+1 8,arise1 & g d[n to ! pott]'s h\se1 & !re ,i w cause !e to he> my words4 ,!n ,i w5t d[n to ! pott]'s h\se1 &1 behold1 he wr\ght a "w on ! :eel4 ,& ! ^w ( ! ,"l came to me1 say+1 ,behold1 z ! clay is 9 ! pott]'s h&1 s are ye 9 m9e h&60 ,a sc5e l ?is is pres5t$ to our imag9ation by ! words ( ,moses2 ! ,"l ,god =m$1 m\ld$1 or modell$ man1 z a pott] does2 we see ! "w1 obs]ves ,bi%op ,horne1 z x 7 ^u ! :eel1 ris+ & gr[+ "u ! h&s ( ! ,div9e ,artific]6 ,b1 to give ! ?+ a /rong] impression on ! m9d1 we w suppose1 says ,judge ,hale1 t ?is figure rises by degrees1 & is f9i%$ "p by "p1 9 "s succession ( "t2 & t1 :5 ! :ole is complet$1 ! ve9s & art]ies bor$1 ! s9ews & t5dons laid1 ! jo9ts fitt$1 & liquor 7transmutable 9 blood & juices7 lodg$ 9 ! v5tricles ( ! he>t1 ,god infuses into x a vital pr9ciple1 :]eupon ! liquor 9 ! he>t beg9s to desc5d1 & ?rill along ! ve9s1 & a heav5ly blu% arises 9 ! c\nt5ance1 su* z scorns ! help ( art1 & is above ! p[] ( imitation4 ,! image moves1 x walks1 x speaks2 x moves ) su* a maje/y1 z proclaims x ! "l ( ! creation1 & talks ) su* an acc5t & sublimity1 z makes e e> att5tive1 & ev5 its great ,creator ent] into conv]se ) x3 7 we to see all ?is transact$ be=e our eyes1 ,i say1 we c\ld n b /& a/oni%$ at ! ?+2 & yet ?is is ! exact emblem ( man's =mation4 ,! human body is an excell5t piece ( workman%ip1 ! %ape & contexture ( x admirable1 evid5tly sup]ior to t ( all o!r animals1 & ! brighte/ visible display ( ! wisdom ( ! ,div9e ,ar*itect4 ,! erect po/ure1 figure1 /ature1 use ( e "p1 & symmetry ( ! :ole1 _c b excite admiration4 ,! fabric ( ! eye1 ! texture ( ! bra91 ! configuration ( ! muscles1 ! disposition ( ! n]ves1 ! con/ruction ( ! bones2 ! ve9s & art]ies1 spread ?r\gh\t ! sy/em1 ! =m] to return ! blood to ! he>t1 & keep t my/]i\s eng9e play+1 :i* ?r[s ! vital fluid ?r\gh ! latt] ) prodigi\s =ce1 to animate & invigorate e "p2 & _m o!r important p>ticul>s1 :i* we %all n[ proce$ to m5tion & illu/rate1 are n only manife/ pro(s ( ! great excell5ce ( ?is sy/em1 b also ( ! skill1 contrivance1 & consummate wisdom ( ,god4 ,:5 we take a g5]al view ( ! animal _w1 we f9d ! num]\s individuals :i* compose x1 diff]+ consid]ably 9 ! ph5om5a :i* _! economy exhibits4 ,man1 & ! high] ord]s ( animals1 are *>act]iz$ by ! con/ant p]=mance ( _m complex & active functions2 z respiration1 dige/ion1 circulation1 c4 ,torpid or hib]nat+ animals display ?is s+ul> peculi>ity1 t ^! functions are p]=m$ = sev]al mon?s1 & susp5d$ = sev]al mon?s1 alt]nately4 ,9 ano!r modification ( animat$ matt]1 namely ! egg1 ! evid5ces ( vitality w\ld n be exhibit$1 7 n c]ta9 ag5ts appli$ to evolve !m1 &1 :5 ?us call$ =?1 !y _c be resum$ aft] long susp5sion4 ,al?\gh we are ignorant ( ! nature ( ! cause :i* regulates ! uni=m p]=mance ( ?is s]ies ( ph5om5a1 ?us m or less ext5sively display$ 9 ! economy ( diff]5t animals1 we are nev]!less conv9c$ t su* a cause mu/ exi/1 & are h5ce naturally l$ to di/+ui% ! ph5om5a by "s appropriate t]m4 ,?us obs]v+ t ! human body1 & ! bodies ( animals :i* be> x resemblance1 possess locomotive p[]s1 c regulate _! actions1 & are capable n only ( resi/+ ! laws :i* gov]n inanimate sub/ances1 b are enabl$ to act ^u ^! sub/ances 9 direct opposition to ^! laws1 we employ ! t]ms life1 vitality1 & vital p[]1 to express ! ph5om5a :i* ?us di/+ui% animate f inanimate matt]2 & 9 ord] simply to det]m9e ! import ( ^? t]ms1 we may take a g5]al view ( ^? p[]s :i* a liv+ animal body possesses1 & :i* cease ) its exi/5ce4 ,:5 we comp>e ! liv+ ) ! dead body1 ! mo/ /rik+ circum/ance we obs]ve is1 t ! =m] 0 surr\nd$ by ! same *emical ag5ts :i* are capable ( produc+ ! decomposition & de/ruction ( its s(t p>ts aft] dea?2 h5ce x becomes evid5t1 t its compon5t elem5ts mu/ h be5 su/a9$ & pres]v$ by "s sup]ior p[]1 :i* ceases to act at ! mom5t ( its dissolution4 ,( all ! ph5om5a :i* ent] into ! g5]al idea ( life1 ?is p[] ( self-pres]vation1 or ! capability ( resi/+ ! laws :i* gov]n inanimate matt]1 appe>s ! mo/ ess5tial4 ,)\t ?is pr9ciple we c =m no conception ( life1 s9ce x evid5tly exi/s )\t int]ruption till ! mom5t ( dissolution4 ,x is ?is pr9ciple :i*1 communicat$ to an egg1 enables x to resi/ = a c]ta9 p]iod ! p[]s ( heat1 cold1 & putrefaction2 a pr9ciple ( :i* ! addle or b>r5 egg is entirely devoid4 ,?us we f9d f ,mr4 ,j4 ,hunt]'s exp]im5ts1 t an impregnat$ egg is long] 9 freez+ ?an an addle egg1 & e "o kn[s t ! =m] rema9s sweet or free f putrefaction mu* long]4 ,?is pr9ciple1 :i* we may consid] ! mo/ simple /ate ( exi/5ce1 is limit$ 9 its duration2 & = its ma9t5ance1 ! p]=mance ( no active function is necess>y4 ,h5ce x cont9ues 9 ! egg ei!r quiesc5t = a c]ta9 "t1 & is gradually de/roy$2 or1 by ! ag5cy or /imulus ( heat1 x acquires ! accession ( ! p[] ( action1 :i* assimilates inanimate matt] into a liv+ =m1 &1 at l5g?1 exhibits 9 ! *ick all ! ph5om5a ( a m p]fect /ate ( exi/5ce1 :i* may be di/+ui%$ by ! t]m active life4 ,9 ?is /ate1 _m o!r ph5om5a ( vitality are exhibit$4 ,besides ! p[] ( self-pres]vation1 an int]nal pr9ciple ( support & rep>ation1 & ! p[] ( p]=m+ ! important actions ( circulation1 respiration1 dige/ion1 c1 :i* are subs]vi5t to ?is pr9ciple1 is giv5 to animals4 ,^! =m ! features ( :at we call life1 z x appe>s 9 man1 & ! high] ord]s ( animals1 & c]ta9ly con/itute its mo/ useful1 ?\gh n mo/ ess5tial "p4 ,= h[ little sup]ior is an egg1 or a torpid animal1 to vegetable or inanimate matt]1 till ! =m] conta9 a liv+ *ick1 ! latt] become an active animal8 ,?us1 ?\gh life may subsi/ "u ! quiesc5t =m ( self-pres]vation1 x requires ! accession ( c]ta9 pr9ciples1 & a p[] ( p]=m+ v>i\s important actions1 to display its *ief *>act]s4 ,! economy !n ( an egg1 & ( a p]fect animal1 su* z man1 may be consid]$ z examples ( ! mo/ simple & ext5sive ph5om5a ( vitality4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are m or less p]fectly exhibit$ 9 ! diff]5t ord]s ( animals4 ,x belongs1 = in/ance1 to ! economy ( c]ta9 animals1 :i* at "o "t ( ! ye> p]=m active functions1 to become torpid at ! approa* ( w9t]4 ,9 ^! creatures1 respiration1 dige/ion1 & e function :i* *>act]izes active life1 is susp5d$2 z 9 ! egg1 ! pr9ciple ( self-pres]vation1 t lat5t sp>k ( vitality1 alone rema9s1 by :i* we di/+ui% torpidity f dea?4 ,?is condition1 h[ev]1 is n ( long cont9uance2 at ! approa* ( summ]'s w>m?1 ! p[] ( action is aga9 call$ =?1 active functions are sup]add$ to ! pr9ciple ( self-pres]vation1 & life1 be=e quiesc5t & obscure1 n[ resumes its mo/ p]fect =m2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! animal j n[ in]t & motionless1 respires aga92 its he>t beats1 its blood circulates1 its muscles resume _! accu/om$ motions1 & x leaves its w9t] qu>t]s 9 se>* ( food4 ,hav+ n[ assum$ ! nature ( an active animal1 ! p]=mance ( ! functions *>act]i/ic ( t /ate 7:i* we %all n[ proce$ to describe7 becomes requisite2 &1 fir/1 ! circulation ( a fluid :i* we call blood4#ahi ,?is fluid diff]s 9 its appe>ance 9 ! diff]5t ord]s ( animals1 ?\gh1 9 its ess5tial prop]ties !re is little v>iety2 ! appe>ance ( ! blood 9 man1 & ! m p]fect animals1 is t ( a r$ fluid1 hav+ a c]ta9 degree ( viscidity1 n be+ limpid l common wat]4 ,?\gh x appe>s to be a homog5\s fluid :il/ circulat+1 or at ! mom5t x escapes f its vessels1 x is compos$ ( ?ree p>ts1 ess5tially diff]+ f ea* o!r2 ( p>ticles1 ^u :i* ! color ( ! blood dep5ds2 ( coagulat+ lymph1 :i* has ! prop]ty ( becom+ spontane\sly solid "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 & f :i* v>i\s /ructures 9 ! body are =m$2 & ( a limpid fluid call$ s]um1 :i* dilutes ! coagulat+ lymph1 & fits x = circulat+ ?r\gh blood vessels ( a v m9ute size4 ,9 "s ( ! l[] ord]s ( animals1 h[ev]1 ! color ( ! p>ticles ( ! blood is gre51 9 o!rs :ite1 correspond+ ) ! color ( ! animal2 9 o!rs !re is no color :atev] 9 ! blood1 s t x is ei!r void ( p>ticles1 or !y are transp>5t1 s z n to be se54 ,b ?is defici5cy mu/ be consid]$ z mak+ no great diff]5ce 9 ! blood itself1 z its p>ticles d n appe> to be its mo/ ess5tial "p4 ,_m microscopical obs]vations h be5 made to det]m9e ! size ( a s+le p>ticle ( ! blood1 & accord+ to ! obs]vations ( sev]al philosoph]s1 ! diamet] ( a s+le p>ticle 9 man has be5 comput$ at ! #c1jjj? "p ( an in*4 ,! size ( ! p>ticles 9 r$ blood$ animals1 is f\nd n to correspond ) ! size ( ! animal4 ,!y are z l>ge 9 ! m\se z ! elephant1 l>g] 9 "s insects ?an 9 man1 small] 9 ! ox4 ,!y are 9 prodigi\s numb]s1 s z to give color to ! blood1 & ( all its p>ts appe> to be r5ew$ ! mo/ sl[ly2 ?us :5 animals are frequ5tly bl$1 ! fle% becomes pal] & pal]4#aij ,! next "p ( ! blood1 or coagulat+ lymph1 is ( ! greate/ importance4 ,?is con/itu5t "p becomes app>5t1 :5 blood is drawn f a ve9 into a cup1 f its p[] ( spontane\sly coagulat+ into a solid mass1 :i* appe>s r$ f a mixture ( r$ p>ticles3 ! color ( ! lymph h[ev] is transp>5t4 ,?is coagulation ( ! blood diff]s v ess5tially f ! coagulation ( inanimate sub/ances1 & is consid]$ by _m physiologi/s to be ! la/ ex]tion ( a liv+ pr9ciple1 :i* ! blood is suppos$ to possess4 ,?is op9ion1 al?\gh n capable ( absolute pro(1 is r5d]$ extremely probable f a v>iety ( facts1 & by none m ?an ! analogy betwe5 ! coagulation ( ! blood1 & ! contraction ( ! muscles at dea?4 ,^! two actions appe> to be influ5c$ 9 "s degree by ! same causes4 ,?us1 sudd5 dea? f lightn+1 or a bl[ ^u ! /oma*1 prev5ts ! muscles f becom+ rigid aft] dea?1 & prev5ts also ! coagulation ( ! blood4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x rema9s fluid4 ,besides viol5t dea?1 sev]al circum/ances influ5ce its t5d5cy to coagulate & become solid1 su* z a great loss ( blood--inflammation--pregnancy 9 females1 & o!r causes4#aia ,! ?ird important "p ( ! blood is ! s]um4 ,?is is limpid l wat]1 & rema9s p]man5tly fluid1 unless c]ta9 sub/ances are employ$ to coagulate x1 su* z alcohol1 alum1 or a c]ta9 degree ( heat4 ,x dilutes ! o!r p>ts ( ! blood1 s z to r$uce ! :ole to a prop] /ate ( fluidity4 ,x is secret$1 or naturally sep>at$ f ! blood1 & p\r$ out by exhal5t vessels 9 v>i\s cavities & p>ts ( ! body1 z ! *e/1 abdom51 cellul> membrane1 c4 ,x facilitates ! easy motion ( ! v>i\s organs ^u ea* o!r1 &1 :5 accumulat$ 9 l>ge quantities1 =ms ! fluid ( dropsies4 ,besides ^! con/itu5t p>ts1 a quantity ( wat] always circulates ) ! blood1 v>y+ accord+ to ! quantity ( fluids tak5 91 & regulat$ 9 its proportion by ! kidneys4 ,?us if a l>ge quantity ( wat] is tak5 into ! /oma*1 p>ticul>ly if x conta9 a little _s 9 ! =m ( pun*1 ! kidneys are /imulat$ to an increas$ action1 s z to sep>ate f ! blood ! r$undant quantity4 ,a v>iety ( o!r sub/ances also are occasionally introduc$ into ! blood1 along ) ! alim5t1 alkal9e sub/ances produc+ _! effect ^u ! nature ( ! ur9e1 rhub>b on bile giv+ x a yell[ color1 & turp5t9e or asp>agus alt]+ its odor2 all ^! sub/ances1 be=e pass+ (f by ur9e1 mu/ h be5 mix$ ) ! blood1 f :5ce ! ur9e is =m$1 be+ 9 fact its excrem5titi\s "p4#aib ,x is necess>y = ! blood ?us =m$1 to pass to e "p ( ! body1 t x may be conv]t$ into ! nature ( ^! p>ts1 & ?us become subs]vi5t to _! gr[?2 t fluids1 s]v+ important purposes 9 animal bodies1 may be sep>at$ or secret$ f x2 & t ! temp]ature ( ! body may be equably ma9ta9$4 ,! blood1 h[ev]1 has no p[] ( motion 9 itself2 if x be n propell$ by c]ta9 p>ts ( ! body1 x rema9s quiesc5t l any extrane\s fluid4 ,9 two v num]\s classes ( animals1 insects & zoophites1 ! motion ( ! blood is v simple2 !y are n\ri%$ l vegetables1 by ! absorption ( ! fluid1 :i* is prep>$ 9 _! alim5t>y canal1 & h no circulation prop]ly s call$4 ,b 9 man1 & ! high] ord]s ( animals1 a complex app>atus = ! motion ( ! blood becomes necess>y1 consi/+ ( an he>t1 art]ies1 & ve9s4 ,! he>t may be consid]$ z ! *ief ag5t 9 circulation1 ! g5]al res]voir1 & s\rce f :5ce ! blood fl[s4 ,x is compos$ ( two pr9ciples1 "o a pr9ciple ( reception1 ! o!r a pr9ciple ( propulsion4 ,t cavity ( ! he>t1 :i* is call$ its auricle1 receives ! blood f ! ve9s2 ! cavity call$ its v5tricle1 propels x ?r\gh ! art]ies4 ,al?\gh ! he>t 9 all animals is =m$ on ! same g5]al pr9ciple1 & = ! same purpose1 yet ! economy ( "s animals admits ( a great] simplicity 9 ! con=mation ( ?is organ1 ?an o!rs4 ,! mo/ simple k9d ( he>t is compos$ ( "o cavity1 ) a tube ent]+ into x1 by :i* x receives ! blood1 & ano!r pass+ out ( x1 by :i* ! blood is convey$ ov] ! body4 ,! next simple he>t is compos$ ( two cavities1 an auricle1 :i* receives ! blood1 & propels x into a v5tricle1 :i* diffuses x ov] ! body4 ,ano!r k9d ( he>t is compos$ ( ?ree cavities2 two auricles1 & "o v5tricle2 "o auricle receiv+ ! blood f ! lungs1 ! o!r f ! body g5]ally2 ! blood f ^! two s\rces is mix$ toge!r 9 a s+le v5tricle4 ,?is /ructure we f9d 9 "s amphibi\s animals1 9 :i* x is n necess>y t ! blood %\ld circulate ) s mu* influ5ce f ! oxyg5\s "p ( ! atmosph]e1 z 9 o!r animals4 ,accord+ly we f9d ! he>t adapt$ to transmit only "o half ( ! blood ?r\gh ! lungs at ea* circulation1 :il/ 9 m p]fect animals ! :ole mass passes by ?is r\te4 ,! la/ k9d ( he>t is =m$ ( f\r cavities1 two auricles & two v5tricles1 & is ! mo/ p]fect app>atus z x is f\nd 9 man1 & quadrup$s g5]ally4--,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be consid]$ z compos$ ( two di/9ct p>ts1 or two simple he>ts adh]+ toge!r1 & p]=m+ di/9ct p>ts ( ! circulation2 & "o "p int5d$ to receive ! blood f ! body1 & circulate x ?r\gh ! lungs2 ! o!r "p to receive ! blood f ! lungs1 & propel x ov] ! re/ ( ! body4 ,x is bett] suit$ to ! economy ( "s animals1 z ! cuttle fi%1 t ^! p>ts %\ld be sep>at$ to a consid]able di/ance f ea* o!r4 ,! reason :y ! he>t is =m$ ( two p>ts 9 mo/ animals is1 t x is necess>y t ! blood %\ld receive ! impulse ( ! he>t twice1 fir/ to propel x ?r\gh ! lungs1 next to propel x ov] ! re/ ( ! body4 ,! blood is convey$ f ! he>t to e "p ( ! body1 by means ( ela/ic tubes1 call$ art]ies4 ,^! arise f ! v5tricles ( ! he>t by two l>ge trunks1 :i* bran* out 9 e "p ( ! body1 into art]ies ( great m9ut5ess1 convey+ ! blood f ! he>t to its mo/ di/ant p>ts1 s t x is impossible to w\nd any "p ( ! body ) ! f9e/ po9t1 )\t op5+ "o ( ^! vessels4 ,?is gives a good idea ( _! m9ut5ess4 ,f ! m9ute t]m9ation ( ! art]ies1 beg9s a second set ( vessels1 ! ve9s1 :i*1 hav+ a contr>y c\rse1 return ! blood f e "p ( ! body into ! auricles ( ! he>t4 ,! l>g] art]ies & ve9s1 ne> ! he>t1 diff] v mu* f ea* o!r 9 _! /ructure & action4 ,?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 does n desc5d to _! m9ute ramifications1 :i* mu/ be consid]$ z hav+ ! same /ructure1 & p]=m+ ! same (fice1 ! "o pass+ into ! o!r by su* imp]ceptible degrees1 t we _c m>k :]e ! "o t]m9ates or ! o!r beg9s4 ,if we consid] ^! tubes z subs]vi5t to ! circulation ( ! blood1 we %all see ! necessity ( c]ta9 pr9ciples ent]+ into _! /ructure4 ,z ! blood is =cibly ?r[n f ! he>t1 ^! vessels mu/ be di/5d$2 "o ( _! prop]ties !re=e1 mu/ be a capability ( be+ di/5d$1 :i* is giv5 to !m by ela/ic matt] ent]+ into _! composition4 ,z ! vessels1 h[ev]1 are n to rema9 9 a di/5d$ /ate1 a p[] ( reaction is add$1 :i* arises also out ( _! ela/icity1 & assi/s 9 propell+ ! blood =w>ds4 ,?us ! ela/ic matt] all[s ! vessels to be di/5d$ to a c]ta9 degree1 & also r$uces !m to a small] size4 ,b x is necess>y t ! he>t %all be assi/$ consid]ably1 9 ! circulation ( ! blood1 by a contractile p[] ( ! vessels !mselves2 & ! same quantity ( blood is n to circulate 9 ! same body at all times1 = animals are liable to frequ5t injuries1 by :i* ! quantities ( blood 9 _! bodies may be v sudd5ly r$uc$4 ,h5ce ! vessels h giv5 to !m a fur!r p[] ( contraction to assi/ ! he>t1 & accommodate !mselves1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 to a small] quantity ( blood4 ,= ?is purpose1 a muscul> /ructure is add$ to !m1 :i* is pres5t 9 l>ge/ proportion 9 ! small] art]ies2 by ?is means1 !y are enabl$ s f> to )/& ! p[] ( ! he>t1 z to %ut _! cavities1 & prev5t ! escape ( blood :5 divid$1 =m+ "o ( ! means by :i* ! effusion ( blood is spontane\sly *eck$ 9 liv+ animals4 ,& x may be rem>k$1 t ?is p[]1 = ! purpose ( self-pres]vation1 is ext5d$ to l>g] art]ies 9 ! brute creation2 = ,mr4 ,hunt] f\nd1 t ! fl[ ( blood f ! l>ge art]y 9 ! neck ( an ass 0 *eck$ by an ex]tion ( ?is p[]1 :il/ e "o kn[s t its division 9 man is fatal4 ,besides ^! p>ts1 art]ies h an int]nal l9+1 :i* is p]fectly smoo?1 & ( consid]able d5sity1 t ! blood may circulate ) z little resi/ance1 & be conta9$ z completely z possible )9 its prop] *annels4 ,! same obs]vations w apply to ! ve9s1 ?\gh "s ( _! prop]ties are less /rongly m>k$4 ,!y possess an ela/ic p[] capable ( di/5sion & reaction1 a muscul> /ructure end[$ ) contractility1 & an int]nal l9+ ov] :i* ! blood circulates ) z little resi/ance z possible4 ,by ^! p[]s ! blood is circulat$ ?r\gh e "p ( ! body ) great velocity4 ,accord+ to ! be/ calculations1 ! he>t alone ex]ts a p[] equal to ! pressure ( #ea p\nds1 :i* propels ! blood ?r\gh ! art]ies at ! velocity ( #adi feet 9 a m9ute2 9 :i* "t x expels f its cavities ab\t #afj ounces4 ,?us all animals are provid$ ) an organ = propell+ ! blood1 by c]ta9 *annels1 to ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body2 b1 z ! functions ( ^! p>ts are v>i\s1 !y require to be visit$ by v diff]5t proportions ( blood1 accord+ to _! activity or p[]s ( life4 ,"s p>ts ( ! body may be said to be in]t1 & m]ely possess$ ( a pr9ciple ( life1 to connect !m ) ! o!r organs ( ! body1 z p>ts ( a liv+ sy/em1 & to enable !m to g ?r\gh c]ta9 processes 9 _! heal?y & diseas$ /ates4 ,o!r p>ts are =m$ = active functions1 & possess great s5sibility4 ,x is accord+ly obs]v$1 t a small] quantity ( blood is di/ribut$ to bones1 t5dons1 & simil> in]t p>ts1 ?an to muscles & gl&s1 ^: ex]tions are m consid]able4 ,?is !n is ! g5]al app>atus 9 p]fect animals1 by :i* ! blood p]=ms its circulation ?r\gh ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 b dur+ its c\rse x is subject to con/ant exhau/ion f v>i\s s\rces4 ,x is conv]t$ 9 its passage into ! nature ( all ! compon5t p>ts ( ! body1 & has ! diff]5t secret$ fluids d]iv$ f x1 & ^! processes g on ) m activity 9 a "y1 ?an an adult p]son3 h5ce we see ! necessity ( a con/ant supply ( mat]ials to ! blood1 & ?is 9 ! greate/ proportion at an e>ly p]iod ( life4 ,animals are furni%$ ) ! means ( ?is supply1 by _! p[] ( conv]t+ animal & vegetable sub/ances into ! nature ( blood1 by a process call$ dige/ion4 ,"s animals are l$ by _! nature to live on vegetable food1 o!rs on animal food only1 :il/ o!rs c subsi/ on ei!r1 or any mixture ( bo?4#aic ,! dige/ive p[]s ( man fit him = any proportion ( animal or vegetable foods1 & are ! mo/ p]fect ( all animals4 ,o!r creatures may be said to be conf9$ to a c]ta9 di/rict1 b ! curiosity ( man is to lead him ov] ! :ole _w1 & frequ5tly place him 9 situations :]e only "o k9d ( food is atta9able4 ,! fir/ *ange :i* takes place 9 ! food1 9 ord] t x %all be conv]t$ into ! nature ( ! blood1 is its division into small] p>ts1 by ! tee? or gizz>ds ( animals4 ,x is !n pass$ into ! /oma*1 :]e x rema9s = "s "t expos$ to ! action ( a fluid1 =m$ 9 ! /oma*1 :i* is call$ ga/ric juice4 ,?is possesses a v /rong p[] ( coagulat+ & dissolv+ v>i\s animal & vegetable sub/ances4 ,z f> z we "k1 x acts on ! pr9ciple ( any o!r solv5t1 = x produces ! same *ange 9 sub/ances out ( ! body1 or ev5 )9 ! body aft] dea?4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s1 = in/ance1 :5 a p]son has be5 kill$1 by accid5t1 9 full heal?1 t1 on inspection1 ! /oma* is f\nd dissolv$1 & r$uc$ to a gelat9\s mass 9 sev]al p>ts1 aris+ f ! action ( ! ga/ric juice1 :i* _h be5 =m$ 9 x be=e dea?4 ,! ga/ric juice1 h[ev]1 _c act ^u liv+ sub/ances3 h5ce ! /oma* resi/s its action1 & worms sometimes reside & are ev5 g5]at$ 9 ! /oma*4 ,e sub/ance capable ( be+ act$ ^u 9 ! /oma*1 is r$uc$1 by ! solv5t p[] ( ! ga/ric juice1 into a pulpy mass1 :i* has be5 call$ *yme1 ! exact *emical prop]ties ( :i* h n be5 asc]ta9$2 9 ?is /ate x is by degrees transf]r$ into ! beg9n+ ( ! small inte/9es1 :]e x is mix$ ) ! bile & pancreatic fluid1 & und]goes a *ange into a milky fluid1 :i* is call$ *yle4 ,x is !n diffus$ by an undulat+ motion ( ! inte/9es ov] _! inn] surface1 t x may be absorb$1 & c>ri$ into ! g5]al mass ( blood4 ,z f> z has yet be5 asc]ta9$ by exp]im5t1 ! *yle ( animals1 mo/ opposite to ea* o!r 9 _! food1 /ructure1 & habits ( life1 is s mu* alike z to h no di/+ui%able diff]5ce4 ,! *yle ( a ,dog1 or ,wolf1 diff]s 9 no?+ f t ( a ,%eep or an ,ox4 ,?is w\ld appe> surpris+1 7 x n asc]ta9$ t almo/ e alim5t>y matt] und]goes a *emical *ange be=e x is conv]t$ into *yle1 & t ! ultimate analysis ( ei!r animal or vegetable matt] pres5ts u ) ! same elem5ts z ^? ( ! blood1 :i*1 ?\gh only ?ree or f\r 9 numb]1 are capable ( =m+ ! v>i\s sub/ances ( :i* ! body is compos$1 by comb9+ ) ea* o!r1 & 9 diff]5t proportions4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ?is diff]5ce obs]vable 9 ! *yle1 t 9 reptiles & insects x is transp>5t l lymph4 ,! lacteals are ! vessels by :i* ! *yle is absorb$ f ! inte/9es3 !y =m small processes on ! int]nal surface ( ! inte/9es l ! pile ( velvet1 :i* are h5ce call$ villi4 ,a small portion ( *yle be+ receiv$ into _! op5 m\?s1 is propell$ by successive contractions ( ^! vessels into _! l>ge trunk1 ! ?oracic duct1 f :5ce x is p\r$ into a great ve9 ne> ! he>t1 &1 by circulat+ ?r\gh ! lungs1 probably receives its f9al *ange into blood2 & ?is *ange w\ld seem to be easily effect$1 z ! *yle already possesses ! pr9cipal prop]ties ( blood1 be+ =m$ ( p>ticles swimm+ 9 a ?9n] fluid1 & hav+ a p[] ( coagulat+ spontane\sly4#aid ,?is is ! app>atus by :i* ! food is dige/$ 9 man s z to repl5i% ! blood2 b ! dige/ive organs ( diff]5t animals exhibit consid]able v>ieties1 "s be+ m simple1 o!rs m complex 9 _! /ructure1 adapt$ to ! k9d ( food ) :i* ! animal is n\ri%$4 ,rum9at+ animals1 or animals :i* *ew ! cud1 su* z ! ,c[1 h sev]al /oma*s1 & ! food und]goes ma/ication sev]al times1 at ea* "t be+ pass$ into a diff]5t /oma*1 be=e be+ f9ally act$ ^u by ! ga/ric juice1 aft] :i* x is transmitt$ ?r\gh a long tract ( inte/9es4 ,?is is an example ( ! mo/ complex dige/ive organ fitt$ to act ^u h>d & fibr\s food1 :i* mu/ be subject$ to ! action ( sev]al m5/rua prep>atory to its be+ act$ ^u by ! ga/ric juice4 ,9 birds :o live on gra9 z has be5 notic$1 we meet ) a diff]5t app>atus to prep>e x to be act$ ^u by ! ga/ric juice4 ,! food fir/ passes into ! crop1 :i* =ms a k9d ( res]voir f :5ce x may pass by degrees into ! gizz>d1 by :i* ! gra9 is gr\nd into small p>ticles1 be=e x is transmitt$ into ! /oma*3 & x is surpris+ ) h[ great p[] ! gizz>d acts = ?is purpose4 ,! ,abb ,spallanzani introduc$ a g>net1 :i* is a v h>d & angul> /one1 into ! gizz>d ( a ,wood-,pigeon1 &1 9 ! c\rse ( a day1 x 0 gr\nd p]fectly smoo?1 by ! action ( ! gizz>d4 ,he also introduc$ a lead5 ball /uck full ( t9 po9ts1 & ano!r ) f9e lancets1 into ! gizz>d ( a ,turkey1 & 9 ab\t #ah h\rs1 ! :ole ( ! po9ts 7 rubb$ d[n4 ,! gizz>d also possesses an amaz+ p[] ( compression4 ,raumeur introduc$ into ! gizz>d ( a ,turkey tubes ( t9n$ iron1 sev5 l9es 9 l5g?1 & two 9 diamet]1 clos$ ) sold] at ea* end2 "s 7 ind5t$ by ! action ( ! gizz>d1 & o!rs cru%$ flat4 ,simil> tubes1 introduc$ into ! tee? ( a vice1 requir$ ! weight ( ab\t #ddj lb4 to produce ! same effect4 ,! gizz>d ?us r$uces into small p>ticles :atev] food ! animal selects1 t x may be m readily act$ ^u by ! ga/ric juice 9 ! /oma*2 = ! ga/ric juice acts l any o!r solv5t1 & !re=e acts mo/ advantage\sly :5 ! food is r$uc$ into small p>ts4--,! dige/ive organs ( "s ( ! l[] ord]s ( animals =m a /rik+ contra/ to ^!4 ,9 ! mo/ simple app>atus ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 ! /oma* & ! inte/9es are compos$ ( a simple bag :i* has b "o op5+1 :i* s]ves bo? to receive ! food1 & dis*>ge ! excrem5t4 ,x composes 9 fact ! :ole bulk ( a fre%-wat] ,polypus4 ,9 ^! animals ! *yle is absorb$ by small vessels 9 ! sides ( ! bag1 & is convey$ to e "p ( ! body4 ,?us we f9d t ! supply ( mat]ials to ! blood is comm5surate to its exhau/ion1 t 9 "y animals :]e a m active process ( =mation is go+ on1 a l>g] proportion ( food is requisite1 & m *yle =m$2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n all t is necess>y to prep>e ! blood = its important purposes )9 ! body4 ,! blood1 by pass+ ?r\gh ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 is s *ang$ by ! ab/raction ( c]ta9 prop]ties1 z to r5d] x unfit = circulation1 :i* implies ! necessity ( an organ1 :i* may re/ore to ! blood its requisite qualities4 ,?is (fice is p]=m$ by respiration1 t function 9 animals by :i* ! blood receives ! influ5ce ( atmosph]ical air4 ,!re is a great v>iety 9 ! /ructure ( ! organ = expos+ ! blood to ! air1 suit$ to ! mode ( life 9 diff]5t animals4 ,9 man & quadrup$s g5]ally ! lungs s]ve ?is purpose2 !y are compos$ ( a numb] ( blood vessels spread out ^u m9ute air cells1 :i* communicate ) & receive ! air by means ( ! tra*ea or w9dpipe1 9 consequ5ce ( ! expansion ( ! *e/ by c]ta9 muscul> p[]s4 ,^! vessels & cells are connect$ toge!r by cellul> membrane1 s z to =m a spongy mass call$ lungs1 :i* are commonly plac$ 9 ! *e/s ( animals4--,b besides ?is k9d ( organ1 :i* 9 birds is v l>ge1 !y h air bags1 or app5dages to ! lungs1 diffus$ ?r\gh v>i\s p>ts ( ! body2 ev5 "s ( _! long bones conta9 no?+ b air1 & communicate ) ! lungs4 ,x 0 f a k ( ?is fact t ,mr4 ,j4 ,hunt] made a ,turkey brea! by its w+s1 by mak+ an op5+ into _! l>ge bones1 & clos+ ! animal's m\?4 ,9 ,fi%1 ! gills s]ve ! purpose ( lungs4 ,!y are compos$ ( a numb] ( processes aris+ f c>tilages1 hav+ di/ribut$ ^u !m m9ute blood-vessels1 :i* receive ! influ5ce ( air conta9$ 9 wat]3 & h5ce di/ill$ wat]1 :i* conta9s little air1 de/roys fi%1 9 ! same mann] z ! exhau/$ receiv] ( an air pump does a brea?+ animal4 ,!re is ano!r mode ( convey+ air = ! use ( ! blood 9 _m insects1 by means ( a numb] ( tubes or spiracula3 ^! receive ! ext]nal air1 &1 by ramify+ 9 ! body ( ! animal1 convey its influ5ce to ! blood4 ,?us ^! animals may be said to respire l vegetables1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( _! surface1 by vessels :i* introduce ! air at diff]5t po9ts into _! bodies4 ,9 "s insects ! rectum =ms ! pr9cipal organ ( respiration1 &1 9 ! class ( animals call$ ,zoophites1 !re are no visible organs ( respiration4 ,^! diff]5t modifications1 9 ! respiratory organs ( ! high] & l[] ord]s ( animals1 are all =m$ ) ! same int5tion1 viz4 t ! blood may be expos$ m or less to atmosph]ical air4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is ! blood und]goes a process simil> to combu/ion1 :i* extracts f x a "p ( its c>bon1 9 ! =m ( c>bonic acid1 & by ?is means increases ! relative proportion ( its rema9+ elem5ts4 ,! inspir$ air at ! same "t is depriv$ ( a "p ( its oxyg51 :i* is ! ela/ic fluid :i* commonly supports respiration4 ,all ! correspond+ effects produc$ ^u ! blood are n yet fully expla9$4 ,b by ?is means ! color ( ! blood is *ang$ f a d>k to a florid r$1 x acquires ! p[] ( excit+ ! action ( ! he>t1 & is fitt$ = its v>i\s purposes )9 ! body4#aie ,by ^! organs1 respiration is p]=m$ m or less ext5sively 9 ! diff]5t ord]s ( animals1 correspond+ 9 a great degree1 to _! activity1 dige/ive p[]s1 & ! heat ma9ta9$ 9 _! bodies4 ,birds1 ^: ext5sive respiratory organs consume a l>g] quantity ( air1 are capable ( great] ex]tion2 make m frequ5t meals ?an quadrup$s1 & ma9ta9 a sup]ior temp]ature4 ,quadrup$s hold a middle place betwe5 birds & reptiles4 ,respiration appe>s 9 ! class ( reptiles1 z ,frogs & ,toads1 to be a subord9ate function only2 !y c exi/ )\t x ne>ly z long z !y please2 at ! same "t !y make v long fa/s1 & ! heat ( _! bodies is m v>iable & l[] ?an quadrup$s2 h5ce !y are call$ cold blood$ animals4 ,_! o!r habits accord well ) _! organs ( respiration4 ,!y g5]ally live 9 impure air1 _! motions are languid1 & !y pass a great "p ( _! exi/5ce 9 a /ate ( torpidity4 ,a subord9ate use ( respiration 9 mo/ animals1 is ! =mation ( ! voice3 = ?is purpose !re are membranes /ret*$ across ! n>r[ "p ( ! w9dpipe1 :i* are ?r[n into a /ate ( vibration by ! curr5t ( air3 ! vibrations ?us produc$1 be+ modifi$ by o!r accessory p>ts1 produce ! voice4 ,9 _m animals1 h[ev]1 x is produc$ by a v diff]5t me*anism4 ,"s animals employ ! friction ( c]ta9 ela/ic p>ts ( ! body1 z ,gras%opp]s & ,crickets2 o!rs employ ! vibration ( c]ta9 p>ts 9 ! air1 :il/ o!rs impress a rapid motion on portions ( air inclos$ 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( _! bodies4 ,!re is a p>ticul> "p ( ! he>t 9 man1 int5d$ m]ely to propel ! blood1 :i* passes ?r\gh ! lungs to receive ! influ5ce ( ! air2 ?is is ! "r v5tricle2 f :5ce ! blood passes1 by ! pulmon>y art]y1 ?r\gh ! m9ute vessels exp&$ on ! air cells1 & is *ang$ f a d>k to a florid color3 x is !n return$ back to ! left v5tricle1 by ! pulmon>y ve9s1 & is propell$ ov] ! re/ ( ! body1 :]e x is aga9 *ang$ 7by ! ab/raction ( c]ta9 prop]ties7 to ! d>k color peculi> to v5\s blood3 ! blood is la/ly convey$ by ! ve9s to ! "r side ( ! he>t f :5ce x set out1 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh two circles4 ,! blood ?us prep>$ by ! lungs = circulation1 passes 9 diff]5t quantities to diff]5t p>ts ( ! body1 accord+ to _! activity1 & has v>i\s fluids =m$ f x1 :i* are call$ secret$ fluids1 z ga/ric juice1 milk1 bile1 c4 ,! p>ts ( ! body =m+ _m ( ^! fluids1 are v peculi> 9 _! /ructure1 & are call$ gl&s4 ,!y consi/ 9 an arrangem5t ( vessels1 end[$ ) a mode ( action1 ) :i* we are unacqua9t$1 by :i* ! compon5t p>ts ( ! blood are dispos$ to ent] into new comb9ations1 & to =m comp\nds diff]+ f ! blood itself4 ,?us ! vessels are arrang$ on ! inside ( ! /oma*1 9 su* a way1 z by _! action to =m ga/ric juice f ! blood2 on ! same pr9ciple1 milk is produc$ f ! blood :i* circulates 9 ! brea/1 or bile 9 ! liv]4 ,z ga/ric juice1 milk1 & bile1 diff] v mu* f ea* o!r 9 _! prop]ties1 we mu/ inf]1 t !re is a consid]able v>iety 9 ! action1 by :i* ^! vessels =m ^! fluids f ! blood2 & ?is is necess>ily connect$ ) a v>iety 9 arrangem5t1 :i* is ! case 9 all ! gl&s ( ! body4 ,9 "o gl&1 = example1 ! blood-vessels =m a m9ute net-"w2 9 ano!r1 are convolut$ at _! extremities2 9 a ?ird1 a l>ge bran* sudd5ly divides into a numb] ( small bran*es1 l ! hairs ( a pa9t]'s bru%2 9 a f\r?1 !y are dispos$ 9 an arboresc5t =m1 ea* gl& diff]+ f e o!r 9 ! mode ( di/ribution ( its blood-vessels1 & =m+ diff]5t products f ! blood4 ,! sub/ances =m$ by _m ( ! gl&s ( ! body1 are appli$ to useful purposes1 )9 or )\t ! body4 ,an in/ance ( ! =m] we h 9 ! bile =m$ by ! liv]1 or ! ga/ric juice =m$ by ! /oma*2 & ( ! latt]1 9 ! milk4--,o!r secret$ fluids are reject$ z excrem5titi\s3 ! be/ example ( ?is is ! ur9e =m$ by ! kidneys4 ,?is gl& sep>ates f ! blood a great v>iety ( sub/ances1 :i* might o!rwise prove noxi\s by circulat+ along ) x2 _m ( ^! h occasionally v curi\s *emical prop]ties1 & "u a c]ta9 /ate ( ! body1 ! alt]$ secretion ( ?is organ is v rem>kable1 9 z f> z x produces a l>ge quantity ( a famili> sub/ance1 :i* 9 ?is in/ance is compos$ )9 ! body4 ,9 ! disease call$ diabetes1 = example1 a pati5t sometimes makes f\r or five gallons ( ur9e 9 ! #bd h\rs1 9 :i* is dissolv$ a consid]able quantity ( matt]1 l common sug> or treacle1 probably to ! am\nt ( two or ?ree p\nds4 ,besides ^! fluids =m$ f ! blood1 ea* by an appropriate gl&ul> app>atus1 !re are wat]y fluids con/antly secret$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! body2 &1 t ^! may n accumulate1 or rema9 aft] !y h p]=m$ _! (fice1 x is necess>y = ! body to be furni%$ ) vessels1 ^: p[]s ( removal may keep pace ) ! deposition ( ^! fluids4 ,?is introduces ! sy/em ( vessels call$ absorb5ts1 :i* are di/9ct 9 _! (fice & nature f ! blood-vessels1 & are widely diffus$ ov] ! :ole body4 ,9 e "p ( ! body a limpid fluid is ?r[n out = ! purpose ( easy motion1 moi/5+ ! cellul> membrane1 :i* connects ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body to ea* o!r1 & lubricat+ ! cont5ts ( all ! cavities ( ! body2 ?is fluid is ?r[n out 9 ! =m ( vapor by ! exhal5ts1 :i* belong to ! art]ial sy/em1 :il/ ! lymphatic absorb5t vessels1 by _! action1 remove :at is n conv5i5t = ! function ( ! "p2 & ^! two actions1 ( deposition1 by ! exhal5ts1 & absorption1 by ! lymphatics1 g on dur+ heal?1 s nicely balanc$1 t :5 we op5 into any ( ! great cavities ( ! body1 z ! belly or *e/1 ! quantity ( fluid we f9d is extremely small4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! balance betwe5 ^! two ord]s ( vessels is de/roy$1 :5 ! exhal5ts ?r[ out m fluid ?an usual1 & ! lymphatics only absorb _! natural quantity2 or ! exhal5ts deposit _! natural quantity1 :il/ ! lymphatics absorb less ?an natural1 accumulation ( wat] 9 ! cellul> membrane1 or great cavities ( ! body1 takes place1 & produces dropsies4 ,!re is ano!r set ( vessels1 :i* h be5 already m5tion$1 a "p ( ! same sy/em ( absorb5ts1 :i* f _! (fice ( absorb+ a :ite fluid1 ! *yle1 h be5 d5om9at$ lacteals2 ^! arise f ! inn] surface ( ! inte/9es1 9 great numb]s1 & convey ! *yle into ! g5]al mass ( blood4--,:il/ ! m9ute beg9n+s ( ! lacteal vessels1 f ! int]nal surface ( ! inte/9es1 is a matt] ( ocul> demon/ration1 we h only presumptive pro( ( ! orig9 ( ! lymphatics1 :i* make ! greate/ "p ( ! absorb5t sy/em4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 good gr\nds = conclud+1 t !y arise f e ext]nal & int]nal surface ( ! body4 ,we f9d1 = example1 t c]ta9 rem$ies1 z m]curial o9tm5t1 or turp5t9e1 rubb$ on ! sk9 ( any "p ( ! body1 produce effects on di/ant p>ts2 ! m]cury by remov+ affections ( v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 ! turp5t9e increas+ ! fl[ ( ur9e1 & giv+ x a peculi> odor3 ^! effects are expla9$ by presum+ ! absorption ( ^! sub/ances1 by ! lymphatics1 aris+ f ! surface ( ! sk94 ,we h fur!r pro( ( ?is f ! occasional absorption ( wat]y fluids1 "u peculi> circum/ances4 ,sailors at sea1 9 want ( fre% wat]1 h qu5*$ _! ?ir/ by dipp+ _! clo!s 9 salt wat]1 & apply+ !m to ! surface ( ! body1 f :i* only ! elem5t>y "p 0 absorb$ by ^! vessels4 ,a jockey1 aft] r$uc+ himself to a great degree has become 9 a %ort "t too heavy to ride 8 mat*1 m]ely by dr9k+ a glass ( w9e1 :i* _h /imulat$ ! absorb5ts ( ! sk9 to take up a l>ge quantity ( aque\s matt] f ! air4 ,or a p]son gibbet$ alive1 has be5 obs]v$ to make a consid]able quantity ( ur9e z long z he liv$1 )\t any liquid be+ tak5 by ! m\?4 ,^! are all consid]$ z evid5ces t ! lymphatic absorb5t vessels arise f e ext]nal surface ( ! sk91 & are capable ( tak+ up sub/ances appli$ to !m4 ,we f9d next t wat] accumulat$ 9 ! l>ge cavities ( ! *e/ or abdom51 or und]nea? ! sk9 9 ! cellul> membrane1 ( e "p ( ! body1 is occasionally remov$ f ^! situations1 by rem$ies :i* h ! p[] ( increas+ ! action ( ! absorb5t vessels4 ,we h5ce conclude1 t ^! vessels arise f e int]nal "p1 & are1 9 %ort1 widely diffus$ ov] ! :ole body1 ?\gh _! beg9n+s are too m9ute to be detect$ by any mode ( exam9ation ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,! absorb5t vessels1 f :atev] "p !y arise1 t]m9ate 9 ! blood-vessels1 pr9cipally by "o vessel or trunk1 :i* is call$ ! ?oracic duct4 ,?is comm5ces 9 ! cavity ( ! abdom51 passes ?r\gh ! *e/ on ! "r side ( ! sp9e1 &1 at l5g?1 ent]s a l>ge ve9 situat$ on ! left side ( ! neck4 ,?r\gh ?is vessel1 besides ! fluids tak5 up 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 ! :ole ( ! n\ri%m5t f dige/$ alim5t passes into ! blood2 x may !re=e be said to be ! mo/ important vessel 9 ! body1#aif & x is situat$ 9 "o ( ! safe/ positions 9 ! body1 s t an injury done to x is a v r>e occurr5ce4 ,?us ! absorb5t sy/em is =m$ ( two sets ( vessels1 hav+ ! same /ructure1 ! same absorb+ (fice1 & ! same t]m9ation1 b diff]+ 9 ! fluids !y convey1 & ! p>ts ( ! body !y occupy4 ,! "o widely diffus$ ov] ! :ole body1 & f _! (fice ( usually absorb+ limpid fluids1 call$ lymphatics2 ! o!r aris+ only f ! inte/9es1 & d5om9at$ lacteals1 f ! milky :it5ess ( ! *yle !y absorb4 ,?us f> ! absorb5t vessels h be5 describ$1 z employ$ 9 tak+ up fluids only4 ,! action ( ! absorb5t sy/em1 h[ev]1 is n consid]$ z conf9$ to ! fluid p>ts ( ! body2 !re are a v>iety ( in/ances1 9 :i* ! mo/ solid p>ts appe> to be remov$ by ! absorb5ts4 ,?us :5 a too? is extract$1 or drops out 9 old age1 its bony socket is remov$ by ! action ( ! absorb5ts4 ,! pressure ( a pulsat+ tumor1 call$ aneurism1 aga9/ ! ribs1 or ?igh bone1 has produc$ _! removal 9 ! same way4 ,^! are consid]$ z in/ances ( solid matt] be+ remov$ by ! absorb5t vessels1 f int]nal p>ts ( ! body1 )\t any ext]nal op5+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a matt] ( d\bt1 :i* we _c at pres5t discuss1 :e!r a bone is brok5 d[n by ! absorb5ts !mselves1 s z to be remov$ 9 small p>ticles2 or :e!r1 z is m probable1 its pres5ce or irritation 7z an extrane\s body7 produces ! secretion ( a fluid1 simil> 9 its prop]ties to ! ga/ric juice1 by :i* x is fir/ r$uc$ into m9ute p>ticles1 or entirely dissolv$1 s z ?us to ent] ! absorb5t vessels4 ,ano!r important "p ( ! (fice ( ^! vessels1 is to model ! %ape ( ! body1 & to concur ) ! action ( ! blood-vessels 9 regulat+ its gr[?4 ,= ! human body does n1 l a m>ble /atue1 con/antly conta9 ! same id5tical p>ticles 9 its composition4 ,z ! /ream ( a riv] is =m$ ( a con/ant succession ( aque\s p>ticles1 sometimes increas+1 sometimes dim9i%+ its natural bulk2 s ! human body is con/antly und]go+ an imp]ceptible *ange ( p>ts4 ,! absorb5ts1 by _! action1 remove exhau/$ p>ticles1 :il/ ! art]ies =m f ! blood an adequate supply ( new p>ts4 ,:5 ^! two p[]s are equal1 ! body cont9ues ( ! same bulk2 :5 f disease or cont+5t circum/ances1 ! "o or ! o!r pr$om9ates1 ! body increases 9 gr[?1 becomes corpul5t1 or emaciat$4 ,?us we h se5 a v>iety ( organs necess>y to c>ry on ! functions ( p]fect animals3 ^!1 h[ev]1 are in]t1 & incapable ( motion 9 !mselves4 ,h5ce a n]v\s sy/em becomes requisite1 :i* may excite & influ5ce ! :ole4 ,we f9d 9 man1 & quadrup$s g5]ally1 ! n]v\s sy/em plac$ pr9cipally 9 ! bra9 & sp9al m>r[2 f ^! s\rces1 ! n]ves are di/ribut$ l :ite cords1 & pass 9 v>i\s proportions to ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body1 convey+ ! excitem5ts ( ! bra94 ,"o ( ! mo/ important excitem5ts convey$ f ! bra91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! n]ves1 is volition2 by ?is means ! muscles become ob$i5t to ! w1 & p]=m ! volunt>y actions ( animals4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ,i wi% to take up a p51 ,i ex]t my volition t[>ds ! action1 & ! consequ5ce ( ?is is1 t ! muscles employ$ 9 ! action1 are /imulat$ to contract1 f a peculi> excitem5t be+ convey$ to !m f ! bra91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! n]ves4 ,we are totally ignorant1 h[ev]1 ( ! /ate ( ! bra91 :il/ giv+ out ! excitem5t1 or ! *ange :i* takes place 9 ! n]ves :il/ convey+ x4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t ! bra9 may be r5d]$ incapable ( giv+ rise to ! excitem5t1 & x may be arre/$ 9 its progress d[n ! n]ves by artificial means4 ,if a ligature be appli$ ^u a n]ve by ty+ a piece ( ?read r\nd x1 ! n]ve is r5d]$ incapable ( transmitt+ ! excitem5t1 s z to produce motion 9 muscles4 ,! same /ate is frequ5tly produc$ 9 ! bra9 & n]ves1 by ! disease call$ palsy1 or by fractures ( ! skull4 ,!re are also v>i\s excitem5ts pass+ f ! bra9 to ! vital organs ( ! body1 ^: actions are n regulat$ by ! w1 & are !re=e call$ involunt>y1 or automatic actions1 z circulation1 p>turition1 c4 ,?us if a p]son h ev] s /rong a desire1 he _c make 8 he>t beat m frequ5tly2 nor c he prev5t x f beat+ m frequ5tly1 if any "o %\ld put him 9 bodily fe>2 al?\gh ! he>t is =m$ ( muscul> fle%1 simil> to ! muscles1 :i* he c comm& 9 8 arm4 ,! reason ( ?is is1 t ! n]ves ( ! he>t _c convey ! influ5ce ( volition2 = ! wise/ reasons ! he>t acts )\t x4 ,x is also necess>y = v>i\s influ5ces to be communicat$ f ext]nal objects to ! bra91 to keep up a correspond5ce betwe5 animals1 & ! mat]ial _w ar\nd !m1 & to communicate ^? impressions f :i* ! bra9 is aft]w>ds to c>ry on its functions4 ,z ! p>ts =m$ = ?is purpose diff] f ord9>y p>ts ( ! body1 9 hav+ a l>g] %>e ( n]v\s influ5ce giv5 to !m1 !y h be5 call$ ! organs ( s5se1 :i* 9 an anatomical po9t ( view1 may be said to be five 9 numb]1 ! eye1 ! e>1 ! tongue1 ! nose1 & ! sk94 ,9 ! eye1 we discov] a mo/ accurate optical in/rum5t1 adapt$ to conv]ge ! rays ( light at its po/]ior "p4 ,x is compos$ ( a sph]ical box1 conta9+ transp>5t m$ia ( diff]5t d5sities1 by :i* ! rays ( light are convey$ to a po9t1 s z to impress a m9ute image ( ! visible appe>ance ( ext]nal objects ^u ! ret9a or expansion ( ! optic n]ve1 by :i* ! impression is convey$ to ! bra91 s z to br+ u acqua9t$ ) ext]nal objects4 ,! e> is =m$ to receive impressions f bodies 9 a /ate ( vibration1 :i* are convey$ to ! bra9 by an app>atus compos$ ( v>i\s sub/ances1 & em95tly calculat$ to transmit ! slighte/ tremors4 ,! vibrations ( ! air1 = in/ance1 fir/ /rike ! drum ( ! e>2 are !nce communicat$ to a delicate *a9 compos$ ( f\r m9ute bones4 ,by ^! ! vibration is increas$1 & transmitt$ to a fluid1 conta9$ 9 sev]al small w9d+ canals1 9 :i* ! delicate filam5ts ( ! n]ves ( he>+ are arrang$1 s z to transmit ! impressions !y receive f ! surr\nd+ fluids1 & produce 9 ! bra9 ! p]ception ( s\nd2 ^! two s5ses1 by ! inf9itely v>i$ modification ( _! impressions1 convey a prodigi\s supply ( mat]ials = ! action ( ! m9d4 ,! organ ( t\* is next 9 po9t ( importance2 x has its seat 9 ! extremities ( ! n]ves di/ribut$ ov] ! sk91 & is ! only s5se :i* belongs to e class ( animals4 ,?is organ gives rise to s5sations1 :i* h no natural alliance ) ea* o!r4 ,by ?is s5se we comp>e diff]5t degrees ( temp]ature ) ea* o!r2 f ?is we d]ive our idea ( di/ance betwe5 bodies2 ( _! tangible figure1 ( _! r\ghness1 smoo?ness1 h>dness1 & o!r qualities1 f ! relative position ) respect to ourselves1 or ! degree or k9d ( resi/ance !y (f]4 ,&1 :5 man has be5 depriv$ ( 8 communication ) _m ext]nal objects1 by ! loss ( vision1 we f9d ! organ ( t\* gradually encroa*+ ^u ! function ( ! eye1 & f att5tion to its f9] impressions1 becom+1 ?r\gh ! education ( necessity1 a mu* m ext5sive s\rce ( in=mation4 ,z an in/ance ( ?is1 ,i may adduce ,mr4 ,g\gh1 :o c accurately di/+ui% ! color & "* ( fl[]s1 by ! nice s5se ( t\* possess$ by ! tip ( ! tongue4 ,! o!r s5ses may be said to be ( less importance4 ,! nose af=ds a passage = ! air to ! lungs1 & is impress$ by ! odor\s p>ticles ( bodies diffus$ ?r\gh x1 &1 :il/ x ?us occasionally adm9i/]s to our gratification1 x gives u notice ( ! pres5ce ( ^? a]i=m fluids :i* are noxi\s to respiration4 ,l ! organ ( ta/e1 :i* is impress$ by sapid bodies1 x has a peculi> sympa?y ) ! /oma*2 ?us ! ta/e1 or smell1 ( any disagreeable sub/ance1 v commonly excites sickness & vomit+4 ,?us ea* ( ! organs ( s5se are =m$ 9 a peculi> mann]1 & are suppli$ ) n]ves ( a peculi> /ructure1 :i* are capable ( be+ excit$ by c]ta9 impressions only1 s z to give rise to s5sation4 ,! odor\s p>ticles ( bodies1 = in/ance1 if appli$ to ! n]ves ( ! nose1 excite an impression1 :i*1 :5 convey$ to ! bra91 gives rise to ! p]ception ( smell2 b1 e "o kn[s t !y produce no su* effect :5 appli$ to ! n]ves ( ! sk94 ,9 ! same way1 ! rays ( light appli$ to ! n]ves ( ! eye produce vision2 b1 no su* effect takes place :5 !y imp+e ^u ! tongue4--,ea* ( ! organs ( s5se !n possess a peculi> modification ( n]ves1 :i* are excit$ by appropriate impressions4 ,by ^! organs we become acqua9t$ ) :at passes ar\nd u2 b ! n]v\s sy/em gives u notice ( _m *anges :i* take place )9 our bodies4 ,int]nal pa9s po9t out to u ! pres5ce & situation ( diseases2 & ! disagreeable s5sations ( hung]1 ?ir/1 & fatigue1 incl9e u to give refre%m5t & repose to ! body4 ,x is also by means ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 t we exp]i5ce ! passions & emotions ( ! m9d4 ,!re are "s animals s simple 9 _! /ructure1 t nei!r bra91 nor organs ( s5se h be5 detect$2 yet !y are end[$ ) motion1 & are capable ( select+ & swall[+ _! food1 & expell+ _! excrem5t2 & z ^! acts appe> to be volunt>y1 we mu/ conclude1 t !y possess n]v\s matt]1 ?\gh x be s int]wov5 ) ! re/ ( _! /ructure t we _c exhibit or detect x4 ,all ^! diff]5t /ructures :i* h be5 describ$ z ent]+ into ! =mation ( a p]fect animal1 are s(t & flexible 9 !mselves1 &1 9 ord] to ! "r p]=mance ( _! functions1 require ! support ( a sub/ance ( consid]able firmness1 :i* may pres]ve !m 9 _! relative situations1 & give a g5]al %ape to ! body4 ,= ?is purpose1 bones are =m$ 9 ! high] ord]s ( animals4 ,!y consi/ ( a c]ta9 portion ( animal matt]1 on :i* _! p[]s ( life dep5d1 mix$ ) a portion ( e>?y matt]1 :i* gives !m a degree ( solidity4 ,! firme/ sub/ance 9 ! body1 compos$ entirely ( animal matt]1 is c>tilage1 :i* possesses1 h[ev]1 too little solidity = ! support ( animals ( consid]able size1 liv+ 9 s r>e a m$ium z air4 ,h5ce x happ5s t :5 ! e>?y "p is1 by disease1 ab/ract$ f ! bones1 !y become b5t & de=m$ by ! weight ( ! body1 or ! action ( its mov+ p[]s4 ,9 fi%es1 h[ev]1 :o inhabit a d5s] m$ium1 c>tilage becomes a conv5i5t /ructure1 be+ suffici5tly firm = _! support1 &1 f its lightness1 bett] suit$ to _! condition4 ,_h ! osse\s sy/em be5 m]ely int5d$ to give %ape to animals1 & pres]ve ! relative position ( _! p>ts1 x might1 = any useful purpose1 h be5 z well =m$ ( "o piece2 & accord+ly1 :5 almo/ all ! bones ( ! body h be5 an*ylos$1 or immoveably unit$ to ea* o!r by disease1 ! functions ( life h gone on uni=mly to an advanc$ age4 ,!re is a rem>kable skeleton ( ?is k9d pres]v$ at ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl92 :]e all ! l>ge bones ( ! body are immoveably unit$ toge!r1 except ! l[] jaw1 & ! jo9ts ( ! f+]s2 e jo9t 9 ! body 0 immoveable1 & yet ?is p]son liv$ to an old age4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 t animals may enjoy a p[] ( *ang+ _! situation1 ! osse\s sy/em has be5 compos$ ( a v>iety ( pieces1 & an app>atus add$ by :i* ?is may be easily effect$4 ,?is is accompli%$ by adapt+ ! ends ( bones to ea* o!r s z to =m jo9ts1 :i* v>y 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! body accord+ to ! motion ( ! "p1 "s be+ =m$ = /r5g?1 o!rs = ext5t & v>iety ( motion2 ! two be+ incompatible1 & nev] f\nd 9 ! same jo9t4 ,9 ! =mation ( a jo9t1 h[ev]1 x appe>s t two surfaces ( bone w\ld move ) consid]able attrition ^u ea* o!r1 n be+ capable ( a suffici5t degree ( smoo?ness2 x is !re=e necess>y1 9 ord] to dim9i% attrition1 t a sub/ance be int]pos$ hav+ a high degree ( poli%2 ?is is suppli$ by c>tilage1 ) :i* ! ends ( all bones1 p]=m+ motion1 are cov]$2 & z animals1 bo? f ! common occurr5ces ( life1 & f accid5t1 are liable to consid]able %ocks1 9 ord] to gu>d ! sy/em1 z mu* z possible1 aga9/ injury f ^! s\rces1 c>tilages are end[$ ) a consid]able degree ( ela/icity1 & ?us by _! reaction are capable ( evad+ c]ta9 degrees ( viol5ce4 ,! smoo?ness ( c>tilage1 h[ev]1 only prev5ts attrition to a c]ta9 degree2 t jo9ts !re=e may move ) all possible ease & fre$om1 a fluid is int]pos$ call$ s9ovia4 ,?is is sep>at$ f ! blood1 by ! vessels di/ribut$ to ! inn] surface ( ! jo9t1 & is ! mo/ slipp]y ( all fluids4 ,9 ord] t bones may n be sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 b pres]ve _! relative situations1 ) a c]ta9 capacity ( motion1 x is requisite t !y %\ld be jo9$ toge!r2 ?is is done by ! ligam5ts surr\nd+ a jo9t1 :i* are ( two k9ds4 ,! "o adapt$ to ! firm junction ( ! bones ) ea* o!r1 ^u :i* ! /r5g? ( ! jo9t dep5ds2 ! o!r loosely atta*$ r\nd ! ends ( contigu\s bones1 to secrete s9ovia1 & reta9 x 9 its prop] situation2 & h5ce call$ capsul> or purse-l ligam5t4 ,?is k9d ( /ructure1 end[$ ) a p[] ( secret+ s9ovia1 is n conf9$ to ! jo9ts alone2 = 9 _m p>ts ( ! body1 :]e muscles dur+ _! action rub on bones1 or t5don on t5don1 small bags are =m$ = supply+ s9ovia1 :i* are call$ burs mucos4 ,z all ^! p>ts subs]vi5t to motion are in]t 9 !mselves1 t animals may enjoy ! means ( *ang+ _! situations & attitudes1 a p[] mu/ be appli$ to ! bones = ?is purpose1 :i* is suppli$ by muscul> action4 ,?us we f9d ! bones clo!d ) muscles1 :i* give1 9 a great measure1 ! ext]nal %ape to ! body1 & act 9 consid]able numb]s on ! jo9ts1 p>ticul>ly ^? :i* possess mu* motion4 ,all animals h a muscul> /ructure ent]+ into _! composition1 ) "s v>iety 9 its appe>ance4 ,muscles are g5]ally fibr\s to ! eye1 & 9 ,man & ,quadrup$s are ( a r$ color2 9 "s animals1 h[ev]1 ^! circum/ances are n at all obvi\s4 ,?us 9 _m fi%es1 ! muscles are :ite1 & put on a flaky appe>ance2 :il/ 9 ! fre% wat] ,polypus1 :i* possesses a great degree ( contractile p[]1 no fibres c be se54 ,s t x is n necess>y t ^! prop]ties %\ld be obvi\s 9 ! muscles ( all animals4 ,?us no p]son has ev] se5 ! fibres 9 ! muscles ( a ,flea1 yet no animal c ex]t great] muscul> p[]4 ,9 ! same way1 _m p>ts ( ! body possess a contractile p[]1 :i* h no app>5t fibr\s /ructure2 ! be/ example ( ?is1 is ! sk9 ( ! scrotum4 ,! r$ness ( a muscle1 9 fact1 dep5ds 9 a great measure on ! degree ( ex]tion x und]goes2 ?us :5 a limb becomes motionless f palsy1 ! muscles uni=mly become pale4--,! function ( a muscle consi/s 9 its contract+ or %ort5+ itself1 9 consequ5ce ( ! application ( c]ta9 /imuli or excitem5ts2 ! effect ( ?is contraction is1 t ! diff]5t bones to :i* ! muscles are atta*$ are mov$ 9 v>i\s directions4 ,?us 7to give an example7 a muscle affix$ to two contigu\s bones1 by %ort5+ itself1 br+s ^? po9ts to :i* x is affix$ ne>] to ea* o!r2 &1 f ?is me*anism1 arise all ! motions ( ! body4 ,! greate/ "p ( ! muscles :i* put ! limbs 9 motion by _! contractions1 are said to act "u ! excitem5t ( volition1 or1 9 o!r words1 are "u ! control & influ5ce ( ! w1 & are !re=e call$ volunt>y muscles4 ,!re are _m muscles1 h[ev]1 :i* are n excit$ by volition1 & are !re=e call$ involunt>y4 ,z ^! are direct$ by influ5ces1 & p]=m ! actions on :i* life imm$iately dep5ds1 !y1 = obvi\s reasons1 are n only put beyond ! p[]s ( ! w1 b are enabl$ to c>ry on _! contractions & motions )\t int]ruption or fatigue1 entirely indep5d5t ( its direction or our consci\sness4 ,9 ?is mann] ! he>t p]=ms ! circulation ( ! blood1 & ! /oma* & inte/9es give ! requisite motion to ! food4--,!re are _m o!r excitem5ts :i* produce contraction 9 muscles1 su* z ! passions & emotions ( ! m9d1 & v>i\s me*anical & *emical /imuli4 ,"s ( !m occasionally excite ! volunt>y muscles ( ! body to a degree ( action1 ov] :i* volition has no control4 ,?us a p]son 9 an ord9>y /ate ( m9d1 c walk m or less quietly z suits 8 conv5i5ce2 b x occasionally happ5s1 we %all say 9 ! field ( battle1 t ! passion ( fe> is excit$2 ?is excitem5t frequ5tly disreg>ds ! p[] ( ! w1 & /rongly excites ! muscles employ$ 9 runn+ away4#aig ,9 mo/ animals1 !re is connect$ ) ! muscles ano!r k9d ( /ructure call$ t5don1 :i* consi/s 9 a :ite sub/ance v diff]5t f muscles1 b hav+ a fibr\s /ructure4 ,al?\gh t5dons are n necess>y to ! action ( muscles1 yet !re are sev]al advantages d]iv$ f !m2 !y occupy mu* less room ?an muscles1 & c be plac$ 9 great] numb]s ar\nd ! jo9ts1 s z to pres]ve ! beauty & uni=mity ( ! limbs4 ,!y may be consid]$ z liv+ cords1 jo9+ ! muscle to ! bone on :i* x is to act1 &1 be+ m scantily suppli$ ) blood ?an muscles1 make a small] quantity ( blood necess>y to ! sy/em1 :i* is c]ta9ly a conv5i5ce4 ,al?\gh ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body v>y v mu* 9 _! functions & degree ( motion2 yet1 x is conv5i5t1 t !y %\ld be all unit$ toge!r by a sub/ance ( consid]able ela/icity4 ,?is is done by ! int]position ( cellul> membrane1 :i* is ! g5]al connect+ m$ium ?r\gh\t ! body1 atta*+ ea* organ to its neighbor1 b all[+ suffici5t play = ! p]=mance ( its function4 ,x is 9 ! cellul> membrane ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! body t fat is deposit$2 & f ! seem+ caprice ( nature1 9 ov]load+ "s animals1 & entirely d5y+ x to o!rs1 its use has be5 ?\ght inconsid]able 9 ! sy/em4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we rem>k1 t fat is tak5 up 9 "s diseases :]e ! appetite is impair$2 & t torpid animals1 be=e hib]nation1 h a l>ge quantity ( x accumulat$1 & come out ( t /ate q emaciat$3 & t bees1 :o h no fat 9 _! bodies1 lay up a /ock ( food1 hav+ ! same *emical prop]ties1 aga9/ _! hib]nat+ season2 x appe>s v probable1 t "o use ( fat is to =m a res]voir ( nutrim5t1 :i* supplies ! wants ( an animal :5 food is n introduc$ by ! /oma*4 ,if we add ! sk9 to ! cellul> membrane1 we may say1 )\t ^! ! beauty & symmetry ( ! ext]ior w\ld h be5 mu* dim9i%$4 ,we %\ld h se5 ! raw muscles 9 all _! actions1 & ! nak$ n]ves expos$ to ! air & to injury4 ,!re w\ld h exi/$ deep fissures betwe5 ! muscles1 cavities 9 almo/ e "p1 & ! body w\ld h pres5t$ ! sad appe>ance x n[ does 9 consumption4#aih ,b ! cellul> sub/ance 9 "s places only sep>ates "o "p f ano!r1 or af=ds a slipp]y surface = "o muscle to slide ov] ! o!r3 9 o!rs =m+ membranes or fascia to hide1 to b9d d[n & /r5g!n diff]5t organs2 :ile 9 o!rs admitt+ into its cells an oily sub/ance1 becomes fat1 & fills up all ! int]/ices1 r\nds (f all prom95ces1 s(t5s acute l9es1 & gives a graceful s(tness & cont\r to ! :ole4 ,& ! sk9 envelop+ 9 a close case1 keeps all compact1 & hides f ! eye :atev] might be (f5sive3 :ile1 at ! same "t ! cutis or true sk9 s]ves = a surface = ! n]ves & exhal5t vessels to t]m9ate1 ! cuticle or sc>f sk9 def5ds !m f injury1 & mod]ates _! excessive s5sibility4 ,z all animals are to live 9 m$ia :]e ! heat v>ies1 x 0 necess>y ei!r to =m !m 9 su* a way1 t _! functions %\ld n be affect$ by v>ieties 9 temp]ature1 or t !y %\ld be enabl$ to keep up ! heat ( _! bodies at a regul> po9t4 ,animals h be5 end[$ ) ! latt] p[]1 & c accord+ly ma9ta9 _! heat1 :e!r expos$ to a high or l[ degree ( temp]ature1 ) "s exception z to ! degree 9 ! l[] ord]s ( animals1 9 "s ( :i* ! temp]ature v>ies ) t ( ! m$ium 9 :i* !y are plac$4 ,?is is ! case ) ! ,frog4--,?is animal1 :5 plac$ 9 w>m wat]1 has ! temp]ature ( its body rais$ sev]al degrees1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 may be r$uc$ to ! freez+ po9t1 )\t produc+ dea?4 ,! heat ( ! human body1 h[ev]1 is little *ang$1 :e!r x be expos$ to int5se cold1 or mu* above ! heat ( boil+ wat]4 ,9 ! exp]im5ts made 9 heat$ rooms by ,dr4 ,=dyce1 & ,sir ,*>les ,blagd51 ^! g5tlem5 rema9$ sev]al m9utes 9 ! heat ( #bfj degrees1 ne>ly #ej degrees m ?an boil+ wat]4 ,at ?is heat a beef/eak & eggs 7 cook$ ne> ! /ove1 & yet ! heat$ air produc$ no bad effect ^u _! bodies3 x rais$ ! temp]ature ( _! bodies only a few degrees4--,! lungs are ! *ief ag5ts by :i* heat is introduc$ into animal bodies4 ,by _! means1 ! blood is expos$ to ! air1 & consumes its oxyg5\s "p1 :i* conta9s ! pr9ciple ( heat 9 a comb9$ /ate4 ,?is1 dur+ circulation1 is evolv$ by ! m9ute blood vessels1 s z to become s5sible on e "p ( ! body3 & x is an important fact1 t ! quantity ( oxyg5 consum$ is great] 9 cold ?an w>m wea!r2 by ?is wise provision1 9 proportion z ! heat is m quickly c>ri$ (f by ! coldness ( ! surr\nd+ m$ium1 ! animal receives an increas$ int]nal supply4 ,_m exp]im5ts h be5 in/itut$ to asc]ta9 ! quantity ( oxyg5 consum$ 9 a giv5 "t by ord9>y respiration1 &1 accord+ to ! be/ calculations1 x appe>s t ! consumption am\nts to ab\t #cc ounces troy weight1 9 #bd h\rs2 & x has be5 comput$ by philosoph]s1 t ! quantity ( heat1 :i* ! oxyg5 consumes & w supply to ! body1 is ne>ly equal to t giv5 out by a common c&le4#aii ,i h ?us attempt$ to give a %ort view ( ! diff]5t /ructures & functions ( ! body1 & h briefly po9t$ out "s ( _! v>ieties 9 ! diff]5t classes ( animals4 ,?is corporeal sy/em1 :i* by its uni=m & h>moni\s action contributes s ess5tially & l>gely to our t]re/rial enjoym5t1 exhibits an a/oni%+ display ( ! inf9ite wisdom1 almighty p[]1 & b\ndless goodness ( its glori\s ,creator4 ,gal51 an anci5t ,pagan physician1 on contemplat+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! human body1 & ! disposition ( !m1 fell on 8 knees 9 humble adoration ( ! wisdom ) :i* ! :ole is contriv$2 & 0 excit$ to *all5ge any "o1 aft] a hundr$ ye>s' /udy1 to tell h[ ! lea/ fib] or p>ticle c\ld h be5 m commodi\sly plac$1 ei!r = use or beauty4 ,8 sev5te5 books on ! subject are l s _m hymns ( praise to ! almighty & all-wise ,god1 ! ,creator4 ,lactantius calls 8 writ+s on ! body ( man1 a m>vell\s comm5t on 8 creation1 & ,gal5 himself manag$ ! subject z a full demon/ration ( a ,deity :i* e man c>ries ab\t ) him4 ,b :at is /ill m des]v+ ( our att5tion is ! s\l ( man3 = if ! ext]nal /ructure be s admirable a piece ( me*anism1 :at %all we say ( ! immat]ial & intellectual _s resid5t 9 x8 ,?is noble1 con/itu5t1 ess5tial "p ( man1 is yet a m a/oni%+ production ( inf9ite skill & p[]4 ,elihu says1 8,! ,_s ( ,god ha? made me1 & ! brea? ( ! ,almighty ha? giv5 me life4 ,!re is a _s 9 man1 & ! inspiration ( ! ,almighty give? !m und]/&+40 ,god1 by 8 creat+ en]gy1 call$ all ?+s out ( no?+1 b !re 0 nei!r ord]1 light1 nor motion1 till ! ,div9e ,_s mov$ on ! lifeless *aos2 s ! same all-wise & p[]ful ,ar*itect =m$ ( clay ! wond]ful fabric ( man's body1 :i* rema9$ )\t life & action1 till ! ,holy ,_s infus$ a vital _s into him1 !reby endu+ him ) s5se1 motion1 und]/&+1 w1 & active p[]s4 ,?is s\l1 !re=e1 became a liv+ pr9ciple ( intellig5ce1 consci\sness1 & activity1 9 man4 ,! great ,creator said1 8,let u make man 9 our image1 aft] our lik5ess40 ,n[1 z ! ,div9e ,be+ is inf9ite1 he is nei!r limit$ by p>ts1 nor def9able by passions3 !re=e he c h no corporeal image aft] :i* he =m$ ! body ( man4 ,! image & lik5ess 9 :i* he 0 creat$ mu/ necess>ily be intellectual3 8 s\l mu/ h be5 =m$ aft] ! nature & p]fections ( ,god4 ,! ,creator 0 n[ produc+ a _s1 =m$ aft] himself4 ,he is ! f\nta9 :5ce x issu$2 h5ce ! /ream mu/ resemble ! spr+ :i* produc$ x4 ,! mo/ p]fect description ( ,god1 giv5 to u 9 ! ,scripture1 is t by our ,savi\r3--8,god is a ,_s40 ,x has be5 obs]v$ by expositors1 t ?is ass]tion is no :]e else to be f\nd 9 ! sacr$ ,writ+s4 ,t passage1 8,n[ ! ,"l is t ,_s10 s\nds some?+ l x1 b 9 mean+ is diff]5t4 ,! ^w ,god "h is n to be und]/ood p]sonally1 ei!r = ! ,fa!r1 or ! ,son1 or ! ,holy ,gho/1 alone1 b ess5tially = ! ,div9e ,nature1 :i* ea* ( ^! glori\s ,p]sons possesses4 ,! ,div9e ,nature is _s4 ,?is %[s1 t1 accord+ to ! popul> & common use ( ! ^w1 he is a ,be+ entirely sep>at$ f matt] or body1 9 all its prop]ties & affections2 t he is a pure m9d1 & possess$ ( ! mo/ excell5t p[]s & p]fections1 :i* belong to spiritual be+s4 ,x is difficult1 = p]sons ( a l[ und]/&+1 :o are unaccu/om$ to ab/ract reflections1 & :o h imbib$ _! k by means ( ! ext]nal s5ses1 employ$ on mat]ial objects1 to raise _! m9ds to ! contemplation ( ! exi/5ce ( immat]ial1 invisible be+s4 ,b t !re really are su*1 & p>ticul>ly t ,god is su*1 admits ( ! cle>e/ pro(1 & w n be call$ 9 "q by any :o on rational gr\nds ackn[l$ge 8 exi/5ce4 ,x is usually grant$1 t x is mu* m easy to say :at a _s is n1 ?an to def9e :at x is4 ,x is n 9 ! p[] ( ! wise/ & mo/ kn[+ ( m51 to decl>e its nature4 ,nay1 :o c expla9 :at ! consi/5ce ( any piece ( matt] is1 :i* we e day see & t\*6 ,b z1 not)/&+ our ignorance ( ! ess5ce ( mat]ial objects1 we are n only sure ( _! exi/5ce1 b also "k _m ( _! prop]ties2 s 9 l mann]1 ?\gh we are ignorant ( ! nature ( spirits1 yet f _! manife/ op]ations & effects1 we are bo? conv9c$ t su* be+s exi/1 & h "s notion ( sev]al ( _! faculties & p[]s4 ,! p[]s & capacities t we obs]ve 9 all ! op]ations & works ( ,god1 are utt]ly inconsi/5t ) ! prop]ties we disc]n 9 matt]4 ,9 ! works ( creation we p]ceive evid5t pro(s ( ?\ght1 int5tion1 contrivance1 & design2 :i* p[]s1 we are sure1 hav+ no aff9ity ) solidity1 figure1 & a capacity ( be+ mov$ by ! impulse ( ano!r1 _c arise f ! composition or mixture ( any ( ! kn[n prop]ties ( matt]4 ,n only ! exi/5ce1 b _m ( ! p]fections ( ,god1 may be disc]n$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! univ]se4 ,9 %ort1 we c say no?+ high] ( ,god1 ?an t he is a ,_s4 ,?is notion leads u to conceive ( him z a mo/ p]fect ,be+1 & to reject conc]n+ him :atev] w\ld argue any imp]fection4 ,x leads u to believe him to be p]fectly immat]ial1 free f all ! imp]fections ( matt]1 & f all ! infirmities ( corporeal creatures4 ,b ?\gh _s signifies a be+ ( high] rank ?an body or matt]1 yet ! ^w is too l[ to express ! ess5ce ( ,god1 any o!rwise ?an analogically1 or metaphorically4 ,he is inf9itely m excell5t ?an ! highe/ creat$ spirits1 be+ et]nal1 & immutable4 ,b "s may inquire1 if ,god be su* a ,_s1 h[ is x t 9 ,scripture we read ( 8 hav+ bodily memb]s1 & natural affections1 l m52 su* z head1 eyes1 e>s1 m\?1 h&s1 & feet2 & ! affections1 or passions1 ( ang]1 grief1 love1 joy1 c8 ^! are ascrib$ to him1 or r assum$ by him4 ,i answ]2 ?is is done 9 condesc5sion to our n>r[ capacities2 = if ,god %\ld speak to u ( himself1 z he is 9 himself1 our und]/&+s c\ld n compreh5d him4 ,z ! inconceivable glories ( ! _w to come1 are expla9$ to u by ! honors & pleasures ( ?is life2 s ! nature ( ,god1 by a graci\s condesc5sion to our weakness1 is signifi$ to u by a lik5ess to our own4 ,by human memb]s be+ ascrib$ to ,god1 are impli$ ! moral excell5cies ( 8 spiritual nature1 or r 8 op]ations1 :i* are m s5sible to u ?an 8 invisible nature4 ,8 eyes are emblems ( 8 k1 wisdom1 omnisci5ce1 & provid5ce4 ,8 face indicates 8 favor1 & sometimes is expressive ( 8 displeasure1 because bo? ^! appe> 9 ! c\nt5ance ( a man4 ,8 m\? is ! symbol ( ! revelation ( 8 w4 ,8 h&1 or arm1 is indicative ( ! less or great] ex]cises ( 8 p[]4--,su* a ,_s is ! ,creator ( man1 :om he made 9 8 image or lik5ess4 ,:oev] reflects ) att5tion on ! human s\l1 may easily p]ceive x to be ( a nature entirely diff]5t f ! body4 ,be+ immat]ial1 x is n comp\nd$ ( mat]ial pr9ciples1 nor consi/s ( innum]able p>ts :i* may be sep>at$ f ea* o!r2 nei!r is x capable ( solidity1 figure1 ext5sion1 & o!r prop]ties ( matt]2 b is a simple1 uncomp\nd$ sub/ance1 ?\gh possess$ ( v>i\s & di/9ct p[]s2 & !re=e is nei!r visible nor divisible1 nor has x any dim5sions or %ape4 ,! s\l has a p[] ( ?\ght1 ) :i* m]e matt] c nev] be endu$4 ,if x pass ?r\gh all ! *anges1 & assume all ! %apes ( :i* x is capable1 ?\ght w nev] be ! result4 ,x may be diff]5tly modifi$1 fram$1 & dispos$1 b _c ?9k4 8,i f9d 9 me some?+ t ?9ks10 says a celebrat$ au?or1 8:i* nei!r e>?1 wat]1 air1 fire1 nor any mixture ( !m1 c possibly d4 ,some?+ :i* sees1 he>s1 smells1 ta/es1 & feels1 all :i* are s _m modes ( ?9k+40 ,?\ght is ! privilege ( immat]ial be+s4#bjj ,?is inw>d pr9ciple is capable n only ( ?9k+1 b ( love1 desire1 hope1 joy2 hatr$1 fe>1 sorr[1 ang]1 & a :ole tra9 ( inw>d emotions1 :i* are commonly call$ passions or affections4 ,a some?+ appreh5d$ to be good 9 itself1 or calculat$ to be b5eficial to u1 is ! object ( love4 ,if t good be abs5t1 x excites desire3 if !re be a probability ( obta9+ x1 t produces hope2 & ! possession ( ! desir$ object yields delight & joy4 ,evil1 :e!r real1 or imag9>y only1 is ! object ( dislike & av]sion4 ,if !re be any probability ( ?is evil com+ 9 contact ) u1 x causes fe>2 & if x unavoidably come ^u u1 x produces sorr[ or ang]4 ,^! passions or affections seem to be ! only spr+ ( action 9 ! s\l4 ,! s\l has receiv$ f ,god a pr9ciple ( motion1 :]eby x gov]ns at pleasure e "p ( ! body1 & directs its op]ations3 only ) ?is exception1 t all ! vital motions1 :i* are absolutely necess>y = ! cont9uance ( animal life1 are involunt>ily go+ on1 :e!r we adv]t to !m or n2 :i* is a m>vell\s in/ance ( ! wisdom & goodness ( ,god4 ,) ! exception ( ^!1 ,i direct ! motion ( my :ole body4 ,by a s+le act ( my w1 ,i put my head1 eyes1 h&s1 or any "p into motion3 al?\gh ! mann] ( do+ ?is ,i d n compreh5d4 ,e "o feels t he has an inh]5t p[] to move ?is or t "p ( 8 body or n1 & to give x a direction ?is way or ! contr>y1 j z he pleases4 ,i c1 z ,i *oose1 op5 or %ut my eyes1 speak or be sil5t1 rise up or sit d[n1 /ret* out my h& or draw x 91 & use any ( my limbs accord+ to my pleasure1 z well z my :ole body4 ,matt] may be mov$1 b x c nev] move itself4 ,! s\l is free 9 its op]ations2 x possesses ?is prop]ty1 :i* is capable ( be+ ex]t$ ) reg>d to all its faculties1 z well z all ! motions ( ! body4 ,x is a p[] ( self-det]m9ation1 :i*1 ?\gh n affect+ all our ?\ghts & imag9ations1 yet ext5ds to our words & actions 9 g5]al1 ) b few exceptions4 ,i am c]ta91 t ,i am free to speak or n to speak1 to act or n to act1 to d ?is or to d ! contr>y1 z ,i am ( my own exi/5ce4 ,i h n only :at is t]m$ a lib]ty ( contradiction1 b :at is t]m$ a lib]ty ( contr>iety1 a p[] to act "o way1 or ! contr>y3 to d5y ?is w\ld be to contradict ! uni=m exp]i5ce ( all human k9d4 ,! s\l is n necessitat$ to judge or act by any bodily impulse4 ,let ?+s appe> z !y may to ! s5ses1 ! s\l c susp5d its judgm5t1 till x has exam9$ & consid]$ !m m ?or\ghly4 ,let ! appetites & incl9ations ( ! body /rongly urge _! own gratification1 ! s\l c refuse _! solicitations1 & maturely weigh :at ! consequ5ces w\ld be4 ,let all ! allurem5ts ( s5sible objects1 ! assurance ( s5sual enjoym5ts1 or ! influ5ce ( cu/om & example1 try to corrupt ! integrity ( ! s\l1 & lead x a/ray f ! pa?s ( peace & purity2 unless x cons5t1 ! attempts w prove ineffectual4 ,we c reason1 disc\rse1 /udy1 contrive1 *oose1 & refuse ) discretion2 beg9 a "w1 & cease aga9 at pleasure4 ,we c reflect on :at we h done1 & ei!r rejoice & delight 9 x1 or be a%am$ & griev$ = x4 ,we di/+ui% tru? f error1 moral good & evil2 we fe> puni%m5t on hav+ committ$ evil1 & hope = rew>d on hav+ done well4 ,&1 ?r\gh ! grace ( ,god assi/+ u1 we h a p[] to embrace & resolve to d good1 z well z evil4 ,we are free to *oose :om we w s]ve1 &1 if we det]m9e 9 favor ( ! bett] "p1 to cont9ue !re94 ,consci5ce is n a faculty ( ! s\l di/9ct f ! und]/&+1 memory1 w1 & affections1 b t p[] by :i* we are consci\s ( our own /ate1 reflect on our actions1 & pron\nce !m ei!r good or evil4 ,?is supposes1 t we are acqua9t$ ) ! law ( ,god1 ei!r natural or writt51 :i* is ! rule ( our duty4 ,! "n is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 ^w consci5tia1 into :i* ! ,greek ^w is exactly translat$4 ,bo? ^! words = consci5ce1 signify1 t ! m9d is possess$ ( a consci\sness ( ! actions & ?\ghts ( ! man1 & passes a judgm5t on !m1 accord+ to "s rule4 ,! ,jews h no prop] ^w 9 _! language = consci5ce1 & !re=e use ! t]m he>t2 :i* is also us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,consci5ce is ! j\rnal or di>y ( ! actions ( man4 ,its (fice is1 #a4 ,to call1 urge1 & excite u to duty4 #b4 ,to te/ify & be> witness ei!r = or aga9/ u1 accord+ z we p]=m or neglect our duty4 #c4 ,ei!r to excuse or acquit1 or accuse & condemn u1 on ! evid5ce x gives ( ! moral nature & quality ( our actions3 if !y be con=mable to ! ,div9e rule1 z to matt] & mann]1 x acquits u2 if !y be contr>y to x1 consci5ce accuses1 condemns1 & passes s5t5ce ^u u4 #d4 ,& if its s5t5ce be true & j1 con=mable to rule1 x is ratifi$ by ,god ! ,supreme ,judge1 ^: deputy & viceg]5t x is 9 ! brea/ ( e man4 ,?\gh ! s\l is n "u ! imp]i\s influ5ce ( ! body1 yet = _m ages x has be5 all[$ by s5sible m51 t 8!re is no?+ 9 ! und]/&+ :i* is n fir/ p]ceiv$ by "s ( ! s5ses40 ,! imag9ation is ! place :]e ! images ( ?+s are fir/ eng5d]$1 & f :i* !y are transf]r$ to ! und]/&+4 ,& !re=e ^? :o want any s5se1 _c h ! lea/ k or idea ( ! objects peculi> to t s5se3 z !y :o nev] _h sight1 h n ! lea/ conception ( light or colors4 ,b !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 our s5ses1 consid]$ z ! av5ues ( k4 ,"s ( !m h a n>r[ sph]e ( action3 o!rs a m ext5sive "o4 ,by feel+ we disc]n only ^? objects :i* t\* "s "p ( our body2 & consequ5tly ?is s5se ext5ds only to a small numb] ( objects4 ,our s5ses ( ta/e & smell ext5d to few] /ill4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 our nobl] s5se ( he>+ has a wide sph]e ( action3 especially 9 ! case ( l\d s\nds1 z ?und]1 ! ro>+ ( ! sea1 or ! dis*>ge ( cannon3 ! la/ ( :i* s\nds has be5 frequ5tly he>d at ! di/ance ( ne> a hundr$ miles4 ,yet ! space to :i* ! he>+ itself ext5ds is small1 comp>$ to t ?r\gh :i* ! sight ext5ds4 ,?is s5se takes 9 at "o view1 n only ! mo/ unb\nd$ prospects on e>?1 b also ! moon1 & ! o!r planets1 ! sun1 yea1 ! fix$ />s1 ?\gh at su* an immeasurable di/ance4 ,b /ill none ( our s5ses c rea* beyond ! b\nds ( ?is visible _w4 ,!y supply u ) su* k ( ! mat]ial _w1 z answ]s all ! purposes ( life4 ,b z ?is 0 ! design = :i* !y 7 giv51 beyond ?is !y _c g4 ,!y furni% u ) no in=mation at all1 conc]n+ ! invisible _w4 ,b ! wise & graci\s ,gov]nor ( ! worlds1 bo? visible & invisible1 has prep>$ a rem$y = ?is defect4 ,he has favor$ u ) a revelation1 conc]n+ himself1 8 exi/5ce1 p]fections1 & w2 & ano!r _w1 its nature1 c]ta9ty1 & duration3 & ?is revelation is conta9$ 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,& he has appo9t$ fai? to supply ! defect ( s5se2 to take u up :]e s5se sets u d[n1 & help u ov] ! great gulf4 ,its (fice beg9s :]e t ( s5se ends4 ,s5se is ! evid5ce ( ?+s t are se52 ( ! visible1 ! mat]ial _w1 & ! sev]al p>ts ( x4 ,fai?1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! 8evid5ce ( ?+s n se510 ( ! invisible _w3 ( all ^! invisible ?+s1 :i* are reveal$ 9 ! ,oracles ( ,god4#bja ,?\gh et]nal ?+s come n )9 ! rea* ( s5se1 yet1 by fai?1 !y are z pres5t to ! m9d1 9 _! reality1 excell5ce1 & cont9uance1 z if !y 7 se5 ) ! eye ( ! body4 ,! te/imony ( ! ,god ( tru?1 is ! f\ndation & reason ( ?is fai?2 = :at he says mu/ be true1 because he _c lie3 ?is is a pr9ciple conc]n+ :i* all agree :o own 8 exi/5ce4 ,! s\l has a va/ intellectual capacity2 = ! k ( ,god1 nature1 provid5ce1 ! orig9al & pres5t /ate ( man1 ! visible _w1 sublime speculations1 & useful discov]ies1 come )9 its compreh5sion4 ,x c reason1 inf]1 reflect1 & c>ry on a *a9 ( ?\ghts1 ) p]spicuity & close connection1 conc]n+ ?+s4 ,its p[]s take 9 objects ( all dim5sions2 yet !y are n situat$ z bodies 9 a mat]ial place1 :]e ! great] occupy m space ?an ! less3 = ! ?\ght ( a mile1 or t5 ?\s& miles1 does no m fill or /ret* ! s\l1 ?an t ( a foot1 an in*1 or a ma!matical po9t4 ,& :]eas all matt] has its p>ts1 & ^? ext5d$1 "o )\t ano!r1 into l5g?1 bread?1 & ?ickness1 & s is measurable by in*es1 y>ds1 or solid measures2 !re is no?+ ( measurable ext5sion 9 any ?+ belong+ to ! s\l1 nei!r l5g?1 bread?1 nor ?ickness2 nor is x possible to =m an idea ( a foot ( ?\ght1 a y>d ( reason1 a p\nd ( wisdom1 or a qu>t ( virtue4#bjb ,! s\l is capable ( ab/ract notions1 ma!matical & metaphysical conceptions4 ,its p[]s are s great1 t we c explore nature1 span ! surface ( ! e>?1 dive into its capaci\s seas1 & !re discov] ! num]\s inhabitants ( ! wat]y _w4 ,we c travel to ! sun1 cont9ue our j\rney ?r\gh our own sph]ical sy/em1 f planet to planet1 tell _! dim5sions1 measure _! di/ances1 & accompany !m ?r\gh _! v>i\s revolutions4 ,we c pass ! b\nd>ies ( our own1 & ent] into o!r sy/ems2 & f !nce1 into et]nity itself3 asc5d+ f region to region1 f _w to _w1 f ! creature till we rea* ! abode ( ! great ,creator1 :o is ! fir/ cause ( all ?+s2 & !n1 ) ravi%$ eyes1 gaze on t glori\s ,lum9>y ( ! moral _w1 till we are amaz$1 delight$1 & ov]p[]$1 ) ! spl5dor ( 8 inf9ite p]fections4 ,! s\l is immortal 9 its duration3 x once began to be1 b w nev] cease to exi/4 ,:5 ! :ole ( "t is elaps$1 x w live 9 ! vigor\s ex]cise ( its active p[]s1 & its exi/5ce run p>allel ) et]nity4 ,! dea? ( ! s\l _c be effect$ by ! op]ation ( second causes2 & ,god1 :o is ! fir/ cause1 w nev] annihilate x4 ,! ,sadducees d5i$ ! immat]iality & immortality ( ! s\l1 say+1 t1 except ,god1 !re 0 no _s3 !y 7 mu* l ! ,epicureans among ! ,g5tile philosoph]s4 ,9 refutation ( ?is ,sadducean notion1 our ,savi\r ref]r$ !m to ! five ,books ( ,moses1 :i* !y ackn[l$g$ z ( ,div9e au?ority1 :]e ,god says1 8,i am ! ,god ( ,abraham1 & ! ,god ( ,isaac1 & ! ,god ( ,jacob40 ,abraham _h be5 dead upw>ds ( #cjj ye>s :5 ^! words 7 spok5 to ,moses4 ,n[1 says our ,savi\r1 8,god is n ! ,god ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+40 ,?\gh ! bodies ( ^! r5[n$ patri>*s _h be5 long dead1 & ceas$ to exi/ among mortals1 _! s\ls 7 /ill liv+1 n only 9 a future /ate1 b ) ,god4 ,he also w>n$ 8 disciples ( ! opposition !y w\ld meet )1 9 ! fai?ful dis*>ge ( _! religi\s & m9i/]ial duties1 f ! prejudice1 rage1 & fury ( m52 b urg$ !m to take c\rage1 & n suff] !mselves to be intimidat$1 s z to neglect 9 any degree ! execution ( ! important commission he _h giv5 !m1 say+1 8,fe> n !m :i* kill ! body1 b are n able to kill ! s\l40 ,h5ce ! s\l is a pr9ciple di/9ct f ! body1 actually survives x1 & c subsi/ )\t x1 n only reta9+ its vital exi/5ce1 b its consci\sness1 reflection1 & activity4 ,! foll[+ l9es ( ,addison are /rongly & beautifully descriptive ( ! immortality ( ! s\l3 8,! s\l1 secure 9 h] exi/5ce1 smiles ,at dissolution1 & defies its p[]4 ,! />s %all fade away1 ! sun himself ,gr[ dim ) age1 & nature s9k 9 ye>s2 ,b ?\ %alt fl\ri% 9 immortal y\?-- ,unhurt1 amid/ ! w> ( elem5ts1 ,! wreck ( matt]1 & ! cra% ( worlds40 ,9 a ^w1 s9ce ! s\l is n mat]ial1 x c h no p>ts2 if x h no p>ts1 !n x _c be sep>at$2 if x _c be sep>at$1 !n x _c be dissolv$2 if x _c be dissolv$1 !n x is incorruptible2 & if x be incorruptible1 !n x is immortal4 ,?us x is evid5t1 f all ! p]ceptions ( ! s\l1 t x is n comp\nd$ l ! body4 ,^? p[]s & affections1 su* z ?\ght & reason1 judgm5t & lib]ty1 love & hatr$1 joy & sorr[1 c nev] be ! prop]ties or effects ( matt]1 9 any possible v>iation or modification ( its p>ts4 ,nor c matt] ev] produce ^? noble & j s5tim5ts1 ^? sublime & g5]\s affections1 to :i* ! s\l sometimes rises 9 its contemplations ( ,god1 ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 & ! op]ation ( ,provid5ce :i* su/a9s & gov]ns all ?+s4 ,all ?is c nev] be produc$ by matt]1 :i* is altoge!r inactive ( itself2 & :5 motion is impress$ on x1 ! only *ange produc$ is 9 ! situation & contexture ( its p>ts4 ,surely all attempts to acc\nt = ^! ?+s1 by any laws ( nature kn[n 9 ! corporeal _w1 are absolutely ridicul\s4 ,h[ /range is x !n1 t su* a spiritual be+ %\ld be unit$ s closely to fle% & blood1 imprison$ 9 a t5em5t ( clay1 & use ! body z ! in/rum5t ( active op]ations4--,sev]al philosoph]s1 among :om is ,socrates1 h call$ ! body 1 ! habitation ( ! s\l2 yea1 1 h] moveable prison1 & liv+ sepul*re4 ,^! two ess5tial p>ts ( man1 :i* ,god1 at 8 creation1 unit$ s closely toge!r1 t bo? make b "o p]son1 is a great my/]y2 consid]+ ! diff]5t natures t adh]e1 s\l & body1 matt] & _s4 ,all ?is is un9telligible to ! human intellect1 h[ev] improv$ & capaci\s4 ,! disput]s ( ?is _w w f9d !mselves completely p]plex$1 9 attempt+ to expla9 by :at ties a _s is unit$ to a piece ( clay2 & :at holds x conf9$ to its habitation4 ,! adhesion ( ! mat]ial p>ticles 9 ! human body1 ! flame ( animal life k9dl$ & burn+ cle> & /rong )9 u1 & ! union ( _s & matt]1 s t ! "o is ! t5em5t ( ! o!r1 & ! in/rum5t ( its op]ations1 are1 z to _! mann]1 my/]i\s1 & att5d$ ) difficulties t w\ld p]plex & conf\nd ! mo/ p5etrat+ & sagaci\s m9d4 ,man !n 0 creat$ 9 ! natural image ( ,god1 :i* consi/$ *iefly 9 ! spiritual nature1 amaz+ p[]s1 & immortality ( 8 s\l2 l ,god1 x is a _s1 immat]ial1 invisible1 active1 intellig5t1 free1 & immortal3 & p>tly1 9 a l[] s5se1 9 ! privilege ( 8 body1 :i*1 9 8 /ate ( innoc5ce1 01 by ! promise ( 8 ,creator1 entitl$ to a gratuit\s immortality4 ,"s make reason or und]/&+ to be ! image 9 :i* ,god creat$ man3 b1 ?\gh ?is may be includ$1 yet1 x is n ! pr9cipal ?+ int5d$ by ! ,div9e image3 = if rationality 7 ! image1 x c\ld nev] be lo/4 ,s91 :i* defaces ?is beautiful image1 does n deprive man ( intellect3 8 nature w = ev] cont9ue rational2 he c nev]1 ,i presume1 be depriv$ ( 8 reason s z n to possess x any m4 ,?\ght & consci\sness are insep>able f ! nature ( man1 & !re=e ?is image ( ,god 9 :i* ,adam 0 creat$1 mu/ be some?+ di/9ct f reason4 ,inde$ reasonable creatures only c be ! subjects ( x1 b reason is n ! ?+ itself4 ,to suppose t m]e reason is ,god's image 9 man1 is an hypo!sis unwor?y ( a reasonable nature2 & ) h[ mu* confid5ce soev] "s ass]t1 ! ass]tion is reproa*ful to our ,mak]4 ,! *ief ?+ int5d$ by ! ,div9e image1 is moral rectitude2 man 0 creat$ 9 ! moral image ( ,god2 b t image 9 man 0 only a lik5ess1 x did n equal1 b resembl$ its high orig9al--a disp>ity :i* necess>ily exi/s betwe5 a creature & its ,creator4 ,accord+ to any rational op9ion we c =m ( ,god1 we mu/ believe t he is a spiritual ,be+2 :i* includes ! simplicity ( 8 nature1 8 indivisibility1 & 8 immortality2 possess$ n only ( e natural p]fection1 b ( all moral excell5cies4 ,he is n only an intellig5t1 omnipres5t1 omnisci5t1 almighty ,be+1 b wise1 holy1 righte\s1 & good4 ,)\t moral p]fections1 8 "* w\ld n be v int]e/+ to u4 ,if he _h no radical & con/itutional pr9ciple 9 8 nature t c\ld move him to reg>d ! temp] ( our m9ds1 & ! complexion ( our actions1 or cause him to be ei!r pleas$ or displeas$ ) our behavior1 h[ev] conduct$1 we %\ld h no reason to act ei!r f motives ( love or fe> ( him4 ,8 natural attributes alone1 are v f> f f9i%+ 8 "*2 9 conjunction ) ^!1 8 moral excell5cies complete 8 glory1 exhibit him z ! mo/ p]fect ,ag5t1 & r5d] him 9 ! mo/ exalt$ s5se our ,gov]nor4 ,8 hol9ess1 ju/ice1 goodness1 & tru?1 are call$ moral attributes1 or communicable p]fections2 because we c trace "s resemblance 9 angels & m52 ?\gh !re is an inf9ite disproportion betwe5 ^! p]fections z !y exi/ 9 ,god1 & are fa9tly display$ 9 ! creatures3 9 him !y are inf9ite1 9 ! creatures f9ite & limit$4 ,^! moral p]fections con/itute ,god a prop] object ( religi\s adoration1 & )\t :i* no wor%ip w\ld be due or c\ld be r5d]$ to him4 ,! ,div9e ,nature is ! f\ndation ( t wor%ip :i* we1 z rational be+s1 are "u obligations to p]=m2 & ! revelation ( ! w ( ,god1 ) :i* he has graci\sly favor$ u 9 ! ,scripture1 is ! con/ant rule ( 8 wor%ip4 ,on believ+ 8 exi/5ce1 & cultivat+ ! k ( 8 attributes1 especially ^? :i* are s a/oni%+ly display$ & h>moniz$ 9 ! r$emption ( mank9d by ,jesus ,*ri/1 x v naturally foll[s1 to e reflect+ m9d1 t we owe him ourselves1 & are b\nd by ! /ronge/ ties to pres5t to him ! mo/ spiritual wor%ip ( :i* our intellig5t nature is capable4 ,! moral image ( ,god1 aft] :i* man 0 creat$1 0 8 greate/ excell5ce4 ,8 und]/&+ possess$ a l>ge capacity = improvem5t1 equal to an ext5sive & accurate acqua9tance ) ?+s bo? natural & div9e1 ! acquisition ( :i* w\ld facilitate 8 own happ9ess1 by r5d]+ him m compet5t to answ] ! b5evol5t design :i* 8 ,creator project$ 9 call+ him into exi/5ce4 ,?is capacity 0 amply suppli$ by 8 ,creator2 = all div9e k is giv5 by revelation2 :i* he mu/ ei!r communicate to man1 or he mu/ rema9 ignorant ( him4 ,! capacity is "o ?+1 & its improvem5t is ano!r2 :i*1 z x is n naturally inh]5t 9 man1 s x mu/ be acquir$4 ,! k ( ! nature1 p]fections1 & w ( ,god1 c1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 only be made kn[n by himself2 = !re is n a correct notion ( him 9 ! :ole intellectual & moral _w1 b :at has be5 receiv$ f ei!r ,div9e revelation1 or 8 own imm$iate influ5ce4 ,adam1 !n1 z an intellig5t creature1 0 endu$ ) ! k ( ,god1 s f> z 0 necess>y to enable him to fe>1 love1 & s]ve him4 ,)\t a p]ception ( 8 exi/5ce & p]fections1 & ! k ( 8 w1 he c\ld n p]=m any acts ( adoration1 rev]5ce1 reliance1 reg>d1 & delight1 t[>d him4 ,if !re=e man1 9 8 primitive /ate1 0 oblig$ to wor%ip 8 ,creator 7( :i* c]ta9ly no "o c d\bt17 x mu/ be grant$ t he possess$ k equal to ! nature & ext5t ( 8 obligations4 ,9 8 /ate ( innoc5ce1 he did n p]=m a bl9d devotion1 or wor%ip he knew n :at4 ,su* ignorance is ! consequ5ce ( s92 !re=e he c\ld n be ! unhappy subject ( x be=e he transgress$4 ,"s p]sons h ?\ght t ,adam1 9 8 primeval /ate1 und]/ood ! doctr9e ( a ,tr9ity ( ,p]sons or ,subsi/5cies 9 ! ,godhead4 ,?\gh ! k ( ?is important doctr9e _c be atta9$ by reason+ on ! op]ations ( ,div9e wisdom1 p[]1 & goodness1 visibly & conspicu\sly display$ 9 ! univ]se2 yet1 z ,adam receiv$ by imm$iate revelation "s tru?s1 :y may we n suppose t ?is my/]y 0 n convey$ to him 9 ! same way1 t 8 acts ( devotion might comport ) ! honors due to ea* ( ! ,sacr$ ,?ree8 ,! ,div9e ,nature is )\t multiplicity1 x is "o2 b ! ,?ree ,subsi/5cies 9 t ,ess5ce are ess5tial to ! ,godhead3 ?is arrangem5t is radical1 con/itutional1 & et]nal4 ,!re=e :y %\ld n ,god be wor%ipp$ accord+ to 8 own natural di/9ction ( ,p]sons 9 8 undivid$ ,ess5ce1 by man 9 8 primitive /ate8 ,a ,tr9ity 9 ,unity is ! mo/ correct view ( ,god2 &1 consequ5tly1 ! wor%ip t accords ) x1 be+ ! mo/ accurate1 mu/ be acceptable to him4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion has n giv5 exi/5ce to ?is doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2 = indep5d5tly ( ! m$iatorial s*eme ( r$emption & salvation by ,*ri/1 ,god 0 f et]nity ! same ,triune ,be+1 & _c *ange4 ,x is n improbable t man1 :ile he reta9$ 8 pri/9e /ate1 wor%ipp$ ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s1 9 all 8 acts ( religi\s wor%ip4 ,"l ,bacon1 9 8 ,confession ( ,fai?1 says1--8,i believe t no?+ is )\t beg9n+ b ,god2 no nature1 no matt]1 no _s1 b "o only1 & ! same ,god4 ,t ,god1 z he is et]nally almighty1 only wise1 only good1 9 8 nature2 s he is et]nally ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,_s1 9 ,p]sons40 ,we _c rationally suppose t ,adam 0 a /rang] to 8 duty1 ei!r 9 its nature1 mann]1 or ext5t4 ,if he _h n kn[n :at duties 8 ,creator requir$ him to p]=m1 x w\ld h be5 impossible = him to act agreeably to 8 w4 ,ob$i5ce to any au?ority necess>ily supposes a k ( :at x enjo9s3 &1 consequ5tly1 ,adam mu/ h kn[n :at he ought to practise1 9 :at mann]1 & ) :at views2 =1 o!rwise1 he c\ld n be ob$i5t to ! w ( ,god 9 :at he did4 ,h5ce we mu/ conclude1 t he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! :ole compass ( 8 duty4 ,z 8 und]/&+ 0 n bl9d$ by contract$ prejudices1 s x 0 free f any natural defect4 ,8 m9d 0 furni%$ ) correct views ( ,god1 8 own dep5d5ce ^u him1 relations & obligations to him1 & ! way to please & enjoy him4 ,adam1 9 8 primitive /ate1 knew :]e9 8 happ9ess consi/$4 ,if he _h be5 ignorant ( t happ9ess to :i* he 0 entitl$ s long z he pres]v$ 8 integrity1 h[ c\ld he h enjoy$ x :ile 9 8 possession2 = a delight 9 any pres5t good arises f a p]ception ( its nature & value4 ,nei!r 0 he ignorant ( ! mis]y1 into :i* an action committ$ aga9/ ! w ( 8 ,creator w\ld br+ him4 ,he c]ta9ly knew t s9n+ aga9/ ,god w\ld inevitably be att5d$ ) fatal effects to himself4 ,8 uncl\d$ reason c\ld n b disc]n1 t rebellion aga9/ ! dignity & sov]eignty ( 8 ,mak] w\ld unavoidably expose him to 8 righte\s displeasure4 ,z ! judgm5t ( ,adam c\ld n b entirely approve ( ! supreme ,good1 9 all ! p]fections ( its nature1 & revelation ( ! ,div9e ,m9d2 s 8 w1 ) great fre$om foll[+ its dictates1 readily embrac$ :at 0 "r1 & exactly h>moniz$ ) e requisition4 ,he _h a holy disposition1 su* z comport$ ) ! inf9ite p]fection ( hol9ess1 s respl5d5t 9 ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,"s h ass]t$1 t ,god =m$ man )\t any direction 9 8 w ei!r to good or evil4 ,b ?is imag9ation is irrational1 = x supposes t he 0 nei!r holy nor unholy4 ,x is evid5t f ,scripture1 t he 0 creat$ good 9 an e?ical or moral s5se1 = he 0 made 9 ! image ( ,god1 :i* *iefly consi/$ 9 a con=mity to 8 moral p]fections4 ,he resembl$ ^!1 p>ticul>ly t ( hol9ess2 s t1 ?\gh 9 an inf9itely l[] degree1 he 0 holy z ,god is holy2 )\t ! lea/ ta9t ( s9 9 8 nature1 or any incl9ation to evil1 all 8 p[]s & faculties be+ dispos$ to comply ) 8 utmo/ requisition4 ,adam's affections 7 subord9ate & ob$i5t to ! high] faculties ( 8 s\l1 & mov$ )\t ! lea/ tumult or disord]4 ,be+ pure & regul>1 !re 0 no depravity or discord among !m4 ,no temptation arose f vanity seat$ 9 any ( ! inf]ior p[]s3 nei!r 0 !re a rebelli\s disposition among ! passions direct$ aga9/ 8 reason4 ,no unlawful love1 delight1 or av]sion _h any place 9 8 innoc5t nature1 & !re=e ! dictates ( reason did n meet ) any control f corruption 9 ! affections2 &1 consequ5tly1 ob$i5ce to 8 ,creator 0 n r5d]$ difficult by unrul9ess 9 ! passions4 ,be+ ?us made aft] ! lik5ess ( ,god1 he _h ! moral law writt5 on 8 he>t3 t h]eby he might h a p]fect rule ( ob$i5ce1 & be easily appris$ ( 8 duty to him4 ,& z he 0 indisp5sably oblig$ to yield ob$i5ce to ?is law1 & ! consequ5ce ( violat+ x w\ld be endless ru91 ,god1 z a j & graci\s ,sov]eign1 gave him ability to keep x4 ,h]e9 he treat$ him z a rational creature1 & a subject ( moral gov]nm5t4 ,! inf]ior appetites ( ,adam 7 9 a /ate ( p]fect subjection1 & nev] indulg$ to ! lea/ excess4 ,! animal /ructure requir+ food = its support1 !re 0 a great v>iety provid$4 ,b :ile surr\nd$ ) pl5ty1 he 0 /rictly temp]ate2 8 appetite 0 regul>1 consi/5t ) purity1 & 9 h>mony ) 8 devotions4 ,! s5ses also correspond$ to ! faculties ( ! s\l1 & 7 inlets to wisdom & enjoym5t4 ,?us1 z "o obs]ves1 all 8 faculties bo? ( body & m9d 7 subs]vi5t to ! glory ( ,god1 & contribut$ to 8 own felicity3 a /ate :i* we are to rega9 by ,*ri/4 8,enslav'd to s5se1 to pleasure prone1 ,fond ( creat$ good2 ,fa!r1 our helplessness we own1 ,& trembl+ ta/e our food4 ,trembl+ we ta/e2 =1 ah6 no m ,to !e ! creatures lead2 ,*ang'd1 !y ex]t a baneful p[]1 ,& poison1 :ile !y fe$4 ,curs'd = ! sake ( wret*$ man1 ,!y n[ engross him :ole2 ,) pleas+ =ce on e>? deta96 ,& s5sualize 8 s\l4 ,grovel+ on e>? we /ill mu/ lie1 ,till ,*ri/ ! curse repeal3 ,till ,*ri/ desc5d+ f on high ,infect$ nature heal4 ,come !n1 our heav5ly ,adam1 come1 ,?y heal+ influ5ce give2 ,hall[ our food1 rev]se our doom1 ,& bid u eat1 & live4 ,turn ! full /ream ( nature's tide3 ,let all our actions t5d ,to !e _! s\rce2 ?y love ! guide1 ,?y glory be ! end4 ,e>? !n a scale to heav5 %all be1 ,s5se %all po9t out ! road2 ,! creatures all %all lead to !e1 ,& all we ta/e be ,god40 ,man 0 happy 9 8 orig9al /ate2 he n only 0 free f pa9 & mis]y1 b enjoy$ delight4 ,8 pleasure 0 ( a pure nature1 n only su* z ,god approv$1 b d]iv$ f a ,div9e s\rce4 ,if 8 m9d _h n be5 possess$ ( correct k1 8 w dispos$ to ob$i5ce1 8 affections regul> & holy1 & 8 appetites & s5ses subject to a rational control1 :at pleasure c\ld he h tak5 9 ! contemplation ( inf9ite p]fections1 & 9 a compliance to ! requisitions ( ! moral law8 ,happ9ess necess>ily supposes delight1 & delight z necess>ily supposes a concordance betwe5 ! disposition ( ! s\l1 & ! objects f :i* its pleasure spr+s4 ,man 0 happy :ile innoc5t2 he !re=e enjoy$ pleasure1 :i* 0 pure1 aris+ f positive hol9ess1 & ! pres5ce & bless+ ( ,god4 ,surely x is reasonable to conclude1 t ,adam p]=m$ devotional acts ) holy rev]5ce & supreme delight4 ,he c\ld n b give ! tribute ( praise to 8 b5efic5t ,creator1 = 8 sup]abundant goodness t[>d him2 be+ favor$ ) e ?+1 n only necess>y to 8 su/5ance1 9 ! excell5t circum/ances 9 :i* he 0 plac$1 b ) :atev] he c\ld desire = ! ent]ta9m5t & delight ( 8 innoc5t & heav5ly m9d4 ,above all1 8 grateful s\l mo/ c]ta9ly ador$ 8 ,creator1 = ! glori\s & b5eficial displays ( 8 wisdom1 p[]1 & goodness1 & rejoic$ 9 ! int]e/ he _h 9 8 approbation1 protection1 & k9dness4 ,:ile he reta9$ 8 integrity1 & enjoy$ free access to 8 ,mak]1 intimate communion ) him1 & 0 free f 8 displeasure1 :at s]5ity1 satisfaction1 & pleasure mu/ fill 8 s\l6 ,he possess$ t fir/ & greate/ ( bless+s1 m5tion$ by ,horace1 m5s sana 9 corpore sano1 a s\nd m9d 9 a heal?y body4 ,not)/&+ ! excell5t /ate 9 :i* ,adam 0 creat$1 & advantage\s circum/ances 9 :i* he 0 plac$1 yet he 0 liable to fall4 ,by reason ( ! spiritual & intellig5t pr9ciple 9 him1 he became a moral ag5t1 & a subject ( moral gov]nm5t4 ,he knew 8 duty1 & _h ! p[] ( det]m9+ 8 own *oice & actions4 ,he c\ld *oose good1 & refuse evil1 & be influ5c$ by ! hope ( rew>d & ! fe> ( puni%m5t4 ,he _h no disposition to s9 9 8 nature3 = ,god c\ld n create him 9 a s9ful /ate1 s9ce t w\ld r5d] him ! au?or ( s94 ,he _h full p[] to /&3 b ,god c\ld n int]f]e ) ! fre$om ( 8 w2 & h]e9 he act$ t[>d him 9 a way agreeable to 8 condition ( probation4 ,! mutability ( 8 w 0 ess5tial to him z a rational creature1 plac$ 9 a /ate ( responsibility = 8 actions to ! great ,gov]nor ( ! _w4 ,dr4 ,paley says1 8,free ag5cy 9 its v ess5ce conta9s liability to abuse4 ,yet1 if y deprive man ( 8 free ag5cy1 y subv]t 8 nature40 ,god answ]s = himself 9 ,milton3-- ----8,man _h ( me ,all he c\ld h3 ,i made him j & "r1 ,suffici5t to h /ood1 ?\gh free to fall40 ,! s5tim5ts ( ,fab] are v appropriate4 8,:5 ! ,almighty ceas$ f ! "w ( creation1 he pron\nc$ all t he _h made to be v good4 ,! new _w 0 z yet free f ! inroads ( s91 & f ! curse ( /]ility4 ---- #8,nature !n ,wanton'd z 9 h] prime1 & play'd at w ,h] virg9 fancies4' 8,! :ole creation smil$ ^u man1 & ! gold5 age ( ! poets 0 realiz$4 ,bless$ ) p]fect heal?1 bo? m5tal & corporeal1 our heav5-born prog5itor 0 equally unconsci\s ( ! /+s ( guilt & ! pangs ( disease4 ,8 und]/&+ 0 uncl\d$ ) ! mi/s ( vice1 ignorance1 & error2 8 w1 ?\gh absolutely free1 0 yet entirely devot$ to ! s]vice ( ,god2 & 8 affections w>m1 vigor\s1 & undivid$1 7 ard5tly b5t ^u ! great ,f\nta9 ( exi/5ce4 ,?\gh ve/$ 9 an e>?ly body1 8 s\l 0 z ! s\l ( an angel1 pure1 j1 & upright4 ,he 0 uncontam9at$ ) ! smalle/ s91 & free f ev5 ! slighte/ ta9t ( pollution4 ,8 passions p]fectly "u ! guidance ( 8 reason1 yield$ a ready & *e]ful ob$i5ce to ! dictates ( 8 consci5ce2 an ob$i5ce1 n con/ra9$ & irksome1 b full1 unres]v$1 & att5d$ ) s5sations ( unmix$ delight4 ,su* 0 man :5 he came =? f ! h& ( 8 ,creator1 ! image ( ,god /amp$ ^u 8 s\l & influ5c+ all 8 actions40#bjc ,we may add1 ! au?ority & dom9ion ) :i* ,god inve/$ ,adam4 ,?is ext5d$ 8ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] ! cattle1 & ov] ! e>?1 & ov] e liv+ ?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>?40 ,god con/itut$ him ! rul]1 "u him1 ( all ! inf]ior creatures4 ,he probably induct$ him into ?is (fice :5 he caus$ ! creatures to pass 9 review be=e him4 8,& ! ,"l ,god br\ght e bea/ ( ! field1 & e f[l ( ! air1 unto ,adam to see :at he w\ld call !m3 & ,adam gave names to all cattle1 & to ! f[l ( ! air1 & to e bea/ ( ! field3 & :atsoev] ,adam call$ e liv+ creature1 t 0 ! "n !re(40 ,man alone1 says ,smellie1 enjoys ! p[] ( communicat+ & express+ 8 ideas by articulate & artificial language4 ,?is ine/imable pr]ogative is a great s\rce ( improvem5t to ! human intellect4 ,)\t artificial language1 ?\gh ! ,au?or ( nature has be/[$ on e animal a mode ( express+ its wants & desires1 its pleasures & pa9s1 :at a humiliat+ figure w\ld ! human species exhibit8 ,dr4 ,beattie1 9 def9+ ! human voice1 says1 x is air s5t out f ! lungs1 & s agitat$1 or modifi$1 9 its passage ?r\gh ! w9dpipe & l>ynx1 z to become di/9ctly audible4 ,! w9dpipe conveys air into ! lungs = ! purpose ( respiration & spee*2 ! top or upp] "p ( :i* is call$ ! l>ynx1 consi/+ ( f\r or five c>tilages1 t may be exp&$ or br\ght toge!r1 by ! ag5cy ( c]ta9 muscles :i* op]ate all at ! same "t4 ,9 ! middle ( ! l>ynx !re is a small ap]ture1 call$ ! glottis1 ?r\gh :i* ! brea? & voice are convey$1 b :i*1 :5 we swall[ any ?+1 is cov]$ by a lid call$ ! epiglottis4 ,au?ors h det]m9$ t ! voice is produc$ by two semi-circul> membranes 9 ! middle ( ! l>ynx1 :i* =m by _! sep>ation ! ap]ture t is t]m$ ! glottis4 ,! space betwe5 !m is n wid] ?an "o-t5? ( an in*2 ?r\gh :i* ! brea? transmitt$ f ! lungs mu/ pass ) consid]able velocity4 ,9 its passage x is suppos$ to give a brisk vibratory motion to ! membran\s lips ( ! glottis1 & s to =m ! s\nd :i* we call voice3 9 ord] to ! production ( :i*1 x1 h[ev]1 seems necess>y1 t1 by an en]gy ( ! w1 a c]ta9 degree ( t5s5ess %\ld be communicat$ to ! l>ynx1 or at lea/ to ! two membranes 9 ! middle ( x4 ,! voice1 ?us =m$1 is /r5g!n$ & mell[$ by a rev]b]ation f ! palate1 & o!r holl[ places 9 ! inside ( ! m\? & no/rils2 & z ^! are bett] or worse %ap$ = ?is rev]b]ation1 x is said to be m or less agreeable4 ,! glottis is f\nd to be n>r[] 9 wom5 & "y p]sons ?an 9 m52 h5ce ! voices ( ! latt] are deep]1 or m grave1 ?an ^? ( ! =m]4 ,we c at pleasure dilate or contract ?is ap]ture1 s z to =m ! tones ( ! voice to e v>iety ( ! musical scale4 ,if we consid] ! _m v>iations ( s\nd1 :i* ! same human voice is capable ( utt]+1 toge!r ) ! small diamet] ( ! glottis2 & reflect t ! same diamet] mu/ always produce ! same tone1 &1 consequ5tly1 t to e *ange ( tone a correspond5t *ange ( diamet] is necess>y3 we mu/ be a/oni%$ at ! me*anism ( ^! p>ts & ! f95ess ( ! fib]s1 produc+ effects s m9ute1 v>i\s1 & uni=m4 ,= x admits ( pro(1 t ! glottis is capable ( at lea/ sixty di/9ct degrees ( contraction & enl>gem5t1 by ea* ( :i* a diff]5t note is produc$4#bjd ,conc]n+ ! orig9 ( language1 num]\s conjectures h be5 =m$4 ,z an in/ance h[ f> ! human m9d1 unassi/$ by a ,div9e revelation1 c g1 ,diodorus ,siculus & ,vitruvius h ass]t$1 8t m5 at fir/ liv$ l bea/s 9 woods & caves1 =m+ only /range & unc\? noises1 till _! fe>s caus$ !m to associate toge!r2 & t on gr[+ acqua9t$ ) ea* o!r1 !y came to correspond ab\t ?+s1 fir/ by signs1 !n to make names = !m1 & 9 "t1 to frame & p]fect a language2 & t ! languages ( ! _w are diff]5t1 because diff]5t companies ( m5 happ5+ ?us to come toge!r 9 diff]5t places1 w\ld1 ( c\rse1 =m diff]5t s\nds or names ( ?+s2 h5ce w\ld arise ! v>iety obs]vable ev5 9 anci5t languages40 ,?us we p]ceive ! necessity ( ! ,scriptures relative ev5 to ?is subject4 8,! ,mosaic ,hi/ory10 obs]ves ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 8repres5ts man z be+ imm$iately capable ( conv]s+ ) 8 ,mak]3 ( giv+ names to ! v>i\s tribes & classes ( animals2 & ( reason+ consecutively1 & 9 p]fectly appropriate t]ms1 conc]n+ 8 own situation1 & ! relation he /ood 9 to ! creatures4 ,z 9 man's fir/ attempt at spee*1 accord+ to ?is acc\nt1 !re appe> no crud5ess ( conception1 no b>r5ness ( ideas1 & no inexpressive or unappropriate t]ms1 x is mo/ rational to conclude1 t ,god :o made & endu$ him ) corporeal & m5tal p[]s1 p]fectly suit$ to 8 /ate & condition 9 life1 endu$ him also1 n only ) ! faculty ( spee*1 b ) spee* or language itself2 :i* latt] 0 z necess>y to 8 com=t1 &1 inde$1 to ! p]fection & end ( 8 be+1 z any o!r p[] or faculty :i* 8 ,creator ?\ght prop] to be/[ ^u him40 ,"s ass]t t ,adam gave names1 f an intimate k ( ! nature & prop]ties ( ea* creature3 t ?is %[s ! p]fection ( 8 k1 = ! names affix$ to ! diff]5t animals 9 ,scripture always express "s prom95t feature & ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ! creatures to :i* !y are appli$2 & t _h he n possess$ an intuitive k ( ! gr& & di/+ui%+ prop]ties ( ^? animals1 he nev] c\ld h giv5 !m su* names4 ,dr4 ,lel& /ates1 t man 0 imm$iately endu$ ) ! gift ( language1 :i* necess>ily supposes t he 0 furni%$ ) a /ock ( ideas1 a specim5 ( :i* he gave 9 giv+ names to ! inf]ior animals1 :i* 7 br\ght to him = t purpose4 ,dr4 ,johnson affirms1 t ! orig9 ( language mu/ h come by inspiration4 ,b ,bi%op ,w>burton conjectures1 t ,god1 9 ?is transaction ) ,adam1 taught him language4 ,"h1 says he1 by a common figure ( spee*1 ! hi/orian1 in/ead ( directly relat+ ! fact1 t ,god taught man language1 repres5ts x1 by %[+ ,god 9 ! act ( do+ x1 9 a p>ticul> mode ( in=mation2 & t ! mo/ apposite we c conceive 9 elem5t>y in/ruction2 namely1 ! giv+ ( names to sub/ances2 ?+s ) :i* ,adam 0 to be conv]sant1 & :i* !re=e _h ne$ ( be+ di/+ui%$ ea* by its prop] "n4 ,& :at a famili> image d ^! words give "o ( a le>n] ( 8 rudim5ts8 ,& ,god br\ght e bea/ to ,adam to ,,see :at he w\ld call !m4 ,b ?\gh x appe>s t ,god taught man language1 yet we _c reasonably suppose x any o!r ?an :at s]v$ 8 pres5t occasions1 he be+ n[ ( himself able to improve & enl>ge x1 z 8 future necessities %\ld require4 ,! celebrat$ ,c[p]1 t\*+ ?is subject says3-- 8,"o man alone1 ! fa!r ( u all1 ,drew n 8 life f woman2 nev] gaz'd1 ,) mute unconsci\sness ( :at he saw1 ,on all ar\nd him3 le>n'd n by degrees1 ,nor aw'd articulation to 8 e>2 ,b1 m\ld$ by 8 ,mak] into man ,at once1 up/ood intellig5t1 survey'd ,all creatures1 ) precision und]/ood ,_! purport1 uses1 prop]ties1 assign'd ,to ea* 8 "n significant1 &1 fill'd ,) love1 & wisdom1 r5d]'d back to ,heav5 ,9 praise h>moni\s ! fir/ air he drew4 ,he 0 excus'd ! p5alties ( dull ,m9ority4 ,no tutor *>g'd 8 h& ,) ! ?\ght-trac+ quill1 or task'd 8 m9d ,) problems40 ,h[ev]1 by ! creatures pass+ be=e ,adam1 probably 9 pairs1 & he giv+ !m names z !y pass$ accord+ to ! nature & prop]ties ( ea*1 "o ?+ evid5tly appe>s1 namely1 he 0 conv9c$ t none ( ^! animals c\ld be a suitable companion = him2 =1 among all :i* he _h nam$1 8!re 0 n a help-meet = him30 "o suitable & prop] z an intimate companion & fri5d4 8,he views ! va/ creation o'er1 ,m>ks 8 own /ructure m ?an e'er be=e2 ,sees all ! creatures ) _! co-mates ble/1 ,himself left p5sive1 f> unlike ! re/2 ,)\t compe] ) :om 8 h\rs to sp5d1 ,or jo9tly at ! sacr$ alt> b5d4 ,religion--sacr$ to ! fir/ great ,cause3 ,philosophy--! voice ( ,nature's laws2 ,& social dictates1 all at once comb9e ,to tea* _! pupil1 t ! :ole design ,is n complet$1 :ile 8 lonely life ,is left )\t a help]1 fri5d1 & wife4 ,refulg5t ,sol1 :ile trav]s+ 8 way1 ,has ,luna %9+ ) h] lucid ray2 ,& ?\gh h] glory is a borr['d light1 ,%e reigns sole empress ( ! sable night4 ,s(t purl+ /reams to riv]s spe$ _! c\rse1 ,& bl5d !mselves ) _! capaci\s s\rce4 ,! spread+ bran*es ( uxori\s v9es1 ,clasp r\nd ea* o!r ) encircl+ tw9es4 ,! climb+ ,ivy does ! ,oak embrace1 ,& meets ) v]dant wrea?s 8 b5d+ face4 ,! fea!r'd tribes t w+ ! firmam5t1 ,by in/9ct l$1 to w$d$ love cons5t3 ,!y range ! neighb'r+ meads 9 que/ ( food1 ,& gu>d & *]i% _! "y call[ brood4 ,& %all ! creatures )\t j pret5ce1 ,alone possess ?is high pre-em95ce8 ,?\gh ) ab\nd+ e>?ly com=ts ble/1 ,%all man pre-em95t /ill want ! be/3-- ,a bosom fri5d1 ?an virg9 rose m sweet1 ,& :om he c ) he>t-felt rapture greet2 ,( pleas+ =m1 equal & t5d] m9d1 ,to :om he c 9 close/ ties be jo9'd80 ,god did n approve ( ?is /ate ( solitude3 he said1 8,x is n good t man %\ld be alone10 or only himself4 ,! ,creator _h n yet f9i%$ 8 works4 ,he saw x necess>y to relieve man 9 8 solit>y situation2 & 8 goodness & p[] 7 ready to concur ) ! dictates ( 8 wisdom4 ,he said1 8,i w make him a help-meet = him20 i4e4 8 c\nt]p>t1 "o l himself 9 %ape1 con/itution1 & disposition2 exactly adapt$ to bo? 8 body & m9d1 ! v image ( himself1 a second self4 8,mu/ ! fair creature promis'd to be giv'n1 ,be s5t to e>? f ! abode ( heav'n8 ,angelic nature c\ld n well supply ,! crav+ void1 remote1 & f> too high4 ,w ,god select among/ ! brutal race1 ,"o1 & ref9e x = 8 fond embrace8 ,nay1 t w\ld be too mean = 8 respect1 ,b5ea? 8 nature1 void ( intellect4 ,! wise ,creator1 to complete 8 plan1 ,resolves to make a help-meet f ! ,man1 ,procure ! /am9a f him alone1 ,?us con/itute h] 8bone ( 8 own bone40 ,f ,man6 b :]e8 :at "p c he =ego1 ,f head maje/ic to ! s]vile toe8 ,! head imp]ial w\ld be mu* too high1 ,le/ %e1 p]*ance1 %\ld = ! ma/'ry try4 ,! toilsome feet are base1 ( l[ r5[n1 ,le/ he %\ld trample ! fair creature d[n4 ,9 ,man's organic /ructure1 m>k6 ! "p ,is t :i* lies contigu\s to ! he>t2 ,ma9 spr+ ( life1 :5ce all ! frame looks gay1 ,c5tre1 :]e all ! lovely passions play2 ,"u ! %ield ( ! protect+ arm1 ,:i* c def5d h] f imp5d+ h>m40 ,accord+ly1 ,god proce$$ 9 8 "w3 n z be=e1 :5 he made man1 & =m$ 8 body ( ! du/ ( ! e>?2 b he took ( ! sub/ance ( man1 & ( t =m$ an associate = him4 ,! process is m5tion$ by ,moses1 8,& ! ,"l ,god caus$ a deep sleep to fall ^u ,adam1 & he slept3 & he took "o ( 8 ribs1 & clos$ up ! fle% in/ead !re(2 & ! rib1 :i* ! ,"l ,god _h tak5 f man1 made he a woman40 ,! ^w translat$ a deep sleep1 signifies su* a sleep z r5d]s a man ins5sible ( any ?+ done to him2 :i* 0 n natural b an extraord9>y sleep2 n occasion$ by any act ( viol5ce done to nature1 b ! imm$iate effect ( ! h& ( ,god ^u him4 ,sleep1 says a ,g]man au?or1 is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable effects ( ! ,div9e goodness4 ,x is c]ta9ly a pro( ( ! wisdom ( our ,creator1 t we fall asleep imp]ceptibly4 ,sleep comes unsummon$3 x is ! only *ange 9 our mann] ( exi/5ce 9 :i* reflection be>s no "p2 & is alike indep5d5t ( ! und]/&+ & ! w4 ,our situation1 inde$1 dur+ ! "t ( sleep1 is wond]ful4 ,we live1 b )\t kn[+ or p]ceiv+ x6 ,! palpitations ( ! he>t1 ! circulation ( ! blood1 ! process ( dige/ion1 &1 9 a ^w1 all ! animal functions cont9ue to be p]=m$ )\t int]ruption4 ,! m9d appe>s1 z x 71 to susp5d its activity1 = a "t3 by degrees1 x looses all s5sation1 e di/9ct idea4 ,! s5ses are dead5$1 & /op _! wont$ op]ations4 ,! muscles1 by degrees1 are mov$ m sl[ly1 till all volunt>y motion ceases4 ,?is *ange beg9s 9 ! =ehead3 !n ! muscles ( ! eye-lids1 & ( ! neck1 arms1 & feet1 are s mu* depriv$ ( _! activity1 t ! man seems to be metamorphos$ into a plant4 ,! situation ( ! bra9 becomes su*1 t x _c transmit to ! s\l ! same ideas z :5 we are awake4 ,! s\l p]ceives no object1 ?\gh ! n]ve ( vision is n alt]$2 & x w\ld see no?+1 7 ! eyes to be ev5 op54 ,! e>s are n %ut1 & yet !y he> no?+4 ,9 a ^w1 we f9d an unceas+ s\rce ( admiration1 9 ! wond]ful prep>ations1 & ! t5d] c>e1 :i* ! ,div9e ,be+ has employ$1 to procure u ! bless+s ( sleep4 ,! foll[+ epigram1 translat$ f ! ,lat9 by ,dr4 ,wolcott1 is beautiful3-- 8,come1 g5tle sleep1 att5d ?y vot>y's pray]1 ,&1 ?\gh dea?'s image1 to my c\* repair6 ,h[ sweet1 ?us lifeless1 yet ) life to lie1 ,?us )\t dy+1 oh h[ sweet to die60 ,! ^w tsela1 & 9 ! ,septuag9t 1 r5d]$ a rib1 mo/ probably means bone1 & fle%1 n a nak$ bone1 b "o ) fle% adh]+ to x4 8,& ! rib :i* ! ,"l ,god _h tak5 f man1 made he a woman10 or1 accord+ to ! ,hebrew1 build$ x up to be a woman2 signify+1 t ! human species 0 p]fect :5 ! woman 0 creat$1 :i* be=e 0 l an imp]fect build+4 ,?is implies1 an old au?or intimates1 t z *ildr5 are d]iv$ f _! p>5ts to build up ! family1 s ! woman 0 d]iv$ f ,adam to build up 8 great family1 mank9d1 ( 8 own nature & sub/ance2 & t 8 po/]ity might spr+ :olly f him1 bo? 9 respect ( himself1 & ( 8 wife1 _! common "m1 :o 0 tak5 out ( him4 ,:at amaz+ wisdom is h]e9 display$2 n only 9 produc+ a creature l man1 b out ( a "p ( man himself6 ,god c\ld h animat$ & organiz$ ! du/ ( ! e>?1 & ( x =m$ ! woman2 b _h he done s1 %e w\ld h appe>$ 9 ! eyes ( man z a di/9ct be+1 to :om he _h no natural relation4#bje 8,h] =m complet$1 lo6 %e rises fair1 ,possess'd ( beauties f> beyond comp>e6 ,?is la/ production ( ! ,arti/'s skill1 ,be/ ef=t ( 8 wisdom1 might1 & w1 ,ga9s sci5ce' height3 ! high-wr\ght features %9e1 ,h] =m displays a symmetry div9e4 ,h] pleas+ ge/ure1 z %e walks along1 ,exce$s ! p[]s ( h>mony & song4 ,h] f9e ext]ior1 by h] ,mak] dre/1 ,is b ! mansion ( a bright] gue/1 ,to fle% sup]ior f>1 h[e'er ref9'd2-- ,a pure1 reflective1 compreh5sive m9d6 ,expression s(t sits sp>kl+ 9 h] eyes1 ,:ile f h] bosom heav5ly raptures rise2 ,intr9sic wor?1 compris+ e grace1 ,displays its radiance 9 h] roseate face40 ,:5 ! woman 0 =m$1 8,god br\ght h] unto ! man10 i4e4 he pres5t$ h] to him to be 8 wife4 ,we are n to imag9e1 by br++ h] to ! man1 is meant1 t ,god m]ely plac$ h] be=e 8 eyes1 & ?us exhibit$ h]3 b t he jo9$ ! man & ! woman toge!r 9 m>riage4 8,att5d+ angels /rike ! *oral lay1 ,& hymn y\r an!ms on ?is bridal day2 ,:ile ! fir/ ,pair unite _! will+ h&s1 ,^: he>ts are jo9'd 9 love's et]nal b&s40 ,on receiv+ ! woman1 ,adam said1 8,?is is n[ bone ( my bones1 & fle% ( my fle%40 ,adam 0 ! common /ock & root ( all mank9d2 n only all 8 po/]ity 7 :olly conta9$ 9 him alone1 b also ! fir/ woman1 ! "m ( u all1 _h h] vital life 9 him1 & 0 "p ( 8 liv+ fle% & bones3 he saw t %e 0 ( ! same nature1 ! same id5tical fle% & blood1 ! same con/itution 9 all respects1 hav+ ! same physical p[]s1 m5tal faculties1 & inali5able rights4 ,he add$1 8,%e %all be call$ ,woman1 because %e 0 tak5 out ( man20 i4e4 %e %all p>take ( my "n z %e does ( my nature4 ,a lit]al v]sion ( ! ,hebrew w\ld appe> /range1 says ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 & yet a lit]al v]sion is ! only prop] "o4 ,i%1 signifies man2 & ! ^w us$ to express :at we t]m woman1 is ! same ) fem99e t]m9ation1 i%ah1 & lit]ally means %e-man4 ,mo/ ( ! anci5t v]sions h felt ! =ce ( ! t]m1 & h endeavor$ to express x z lit]ally z possible4 ,! ,vulgate ,lat9 r5d]s ! ,hebrew virago1 :i* is a fem99e =m ( vir1 a man4 ,symma*us us$ &ris1 a female =m ( 1 an]1 a man4 ,our own t]m is equally prop]1 :5 und]/ood3 x is a lit]al translation ( ! orig9al2 & we may ?ank ! disc]nm5t ( our ,anglo-,saxon ance/ors = giv+ x4 ,wombman1 ( :i* woman is a contraction1 means ! man ) ! womb4 ,v]/egan1 9 8 ,re/itution ( ,decay$ ,intellig5ce1 ju/ifies ?is s5se ( ! ^w1 on ! gr\nd ( antiquity & propriety1 & says x %\ld be s writt54 ,! t]m woman 0 n peculi> to h]1 b common to ! sex2 %e diff]+ f man 9 sex only1 n 9 nature4 ,aft]w>d ,adam call$ h] *avah1 :i* answ]s exactly to ( ! ,septuag9t1 bo? signify+ life1 because %e 0 ! "m ( all liv+4 8,oh ble/ exi/5ce6 7n[ ! man exclaims1 ,& high] praises ( 8 ,god proclaims47 ,my cup ) bless+s ha/ ?\ amply fill'd1 ,consummate joys = my great portion w'd3 ,no wants are left1 no good ha/ ?\ d5i$1 ,?y lib'ral h& has all ,i wi%'d suppli$4 ,?\ ,f\nt ( be+6 s\rce ( pure delight6 ,9 !e my com=ts c5t] & unite3 ,?yself ,i love1 ?y va/ p]fections see1 ,& all ?y gifts receiv'd enjoy 9 ,!e4 ,he turns to ,eve1 ^: *>ms are all 9 view1 ,! p]fect =m :i* highe/ wisdom drew3 ,h] sweet attractions t\* 8 yield+ m9d1 ,z ?ree-fold cords 8 will+ passions b9d4 ,s5sations s(t ) quick transition roll1 ,& raise ! transports ( 8 grateful s\l3 ,:ile ?rill+ raptures ?r\gh 8 bosom move1 ,he feels 8 he>t ! seat ( ,,god--& love4 ,_! m9ds n[ gl[+ ) cele/ial fire1 ,!y jo9tly b5d be=e _! graci\s ,,sire2 ,devotion's flame ) great] ardor burns1 ,& bo? are vocal 9 8 praise by turns4 ,:ile ?us _! p['rs 9 pleas+ acts employ1 ,! social wor%ip mu* augm5ts _! joy3 ,_! w>m addresses to ! sacr$ ?rone1 ,asc5d z inc5se1 & br+ bless+s d[n40 ,! relation betwe5 husb& & wife is ! /ronge/ union t results f ! highe/ obligations ( nature4 8,!re=e10 said ,adam1 8%all a man leave 8 fa!r & "m1 & %all cleave unto 8 wife3 & !y %all be "o fle%40 ,"h we p]ceive1 z ,dr4 ,delany intimates1 t ,adam _h a p]fect idea ( fa!r & "m1 be=e any exi/$2 t he _h cle> ideas ( ! affection aris+ f t relation1 be=e any *ildr5 7 born into ! _w3 & yet p]ceiv$ t ! ende>m5t aris+ f m>riage %\ld be /rong] ?an ^! ties1 s z to atta* a man ) w>m] affection to 8 wife1 ?an to ^? v p>5ts to :om he 0 indebt$ = life4 ,n[ if ! receiv$ doctr9es ( philosophy be true1 t ! s5ses are ! inlets ( ideas1 & t we c h no ideas )\t objects3 !n we mu/ conclude1 t z he _h ^! ideas1 & _h !m n f nature1 he mu/ h receiv$ !m f express revelation4 ,h5ce our ,savi\r1 9 8 answ] to ! ,ph>isees1 in=ms u1 t ! words pron\nc$ by ,adam on ?is occasion1 7 ! decl>ation ( ,god himself4 8,h ye n read t he :i* made !m at ! beg9n+1 made !m male & female1 & said1 ,= ?is cause %all a man leave fa!r & "m1 & %all cleave to 8 wife3 & !y twa9 %all be "o fle%40 ,^! two %all be consid]$ z "o body1 hav+ no sep>ate or indep5d5t int]e/s3 or1 ^! two %all be = ! production ( "o fle%2 f _! union a po/]ity %all spr+1 z exactly resembl+ !mselves z !y d ea* o!r4 ,! ,greek ^w 1 translat$ "o fle%1 signifies %all be glu$ to h]4 ,h[ happy mu/ su* a /ate be1 :]e ! p>ties m>ri$ come up to ! design ( ?is sacr$ in/itution6 ,dr4 ,hunt] obs]ves1 8,:at an important era 9 ! life ( ,adam6 ,:at a new display ( ! ,creator's p[]1 skill1 & goodness6 ,h[ mu/ ! _s ( devotion be height5$1 n[ t man c\ld jo9 9 social wor%ip6 ,:at additional satisfaction 9 contemplat+ ! frame1 ord]1 & c\rse ( nature1 n[ t he possess$ ! mo/ exalt$ ( human joys1 t ( convey+ k to a belov$ object6 ,n[ he c\ld in/ruct ,eve 9 ! wond]s ( creation1 & unfold to h] _! ,mak]'s nature1 p]fections1 & w60 ,oh happy /ate6 ,!y are happy 9 ! con/itution ( _! nature1--be+ innoc5t1 upright creatures2 & 9 hav+ _! pure m9ds p]fectly unit$ 9 love & k9dness to ea* o!r4 ,!y 7 happy 9 all _! unit$ acts ( adoration & praise to _! ,creator1--exact h>mony1 unmix$ delight1 & unta9t$ piety1 resid+ 9 ea* brea/6 ,!y liv$ 9 communion ) ,god1 enjoy$ a transport+ s5se ( 8 favor1 walk$ 9 ! light ( 8 c\nt5ance1 & 7 raptur$ 9 _! m$itations on ! ,div9e glory6 ,we h "h ! fir/ in/itution ( m>riage1 & we see 9 x sev]al ?+s wor?y ( peculi> att5tion & reg>d4 #a4 ,god pron\nces ! /ate ( celibacy n a good "o3 & ! ,"l ,god said1 8,x is n good t man %\ld be alone10 lebaddo only himself4 ,x 0 nei!r = 8 com=t1 :o 0 =m$ = society1 nor = ! accompli%m5t ( ,god's purpose 9 ! increase ( mank9d4 ,?\gh he 0 creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 & enjoy$ delightful int]c\rse ) him1 8 solit>y condition requir$ a suitable companion4 #b4 ,god made ! woman = ! man2 he 0 n made = h]1 b %e 0 made = him1 & d]iv$1 "u ,god1 h] be+ f him4 ,! apo/le says1 8,nei!r 0 ! man creat$ = ! woman3 b ! woman = ! man10 to be a suitable help] & com=t to him4 ,& ?us ,god has %[n u1 t e son ( ,adam %\ld be unit$ to a daught] ( ,eve to ! end ( ! _w4 #c4 ,god made ! woman out ( ! man3 z ,adam 0 imm$iately f ,god1 s ,eve 0 imm$iately f ,adam2 8! man is n ( ! woman1 b ! woman ( ! man30 made ( a "p ( 8 body1 tak5 out1 n ( 8 head1 to %[ t %e 0 n to ex]cise dom9ion ov] him2 nor ( 8 foot1 to indicate t %e mu/ n be 8 slave2 b ( 8 side1 to intimate t %e ne$s 8 c\nsel & direction2 f "u 8 arm1 to tea* him t he mu/ protect h]2 & ne> 8 he>t1 to tell him t he mu/ love h] z himself4 ,! close/ union1 & ! mo/ affectionate atta*m5t1 %\ld subsi/ 9 ! matrimonial connection4 ,! man %\ld ev] consid] & treat ! woman z a "p ( himself2 & z no "o ev] hat$ 8 own fle%1 b n\ri%es & supports x1 s %\ld a husb& ev9ce ! greate/ t5d]ness & affection = 8 wife3 & on ! o!r h&1 consid]+ t ! woman d]iv$ h] be+ f man1 & 0 made = him1 !re=e ! wife %\ld 8see t %e rev]5ce h] husb&40 8,= z man is ! image & glory ( ,god2 s ! woman is ! glory ( ! man40 #d4 ,god himself in/itut$ ! m>riage union1 & be+ appo9t$ & e/abli%$ by him1 x mu/ be an honorable /ate4 8,m>riage is honorable 9 all10 be+ a ,div9e in/itution2 & consequ5tly suitable = p]sons ( any rank1 or employm5t1 ei!r civil or sacr$4 ,! corruption ( mann]s has /rangely p]v]t$ ?is orig9al purpose & in/itution ( ,god4 ,h[ev]1 he w nev] accommodate 8 morality to ! times1 nor to ! incl9ations ( m54 ,:at 0 settl$ at ! beg9n+1 he judg$ mo/ wor?y ( 8 glory1 mo/ pr(itable = man1 & mo/ suitable to 8 nature4 #e4 ,m>riage 0 in/itut$ imm$iately on ! creation ( man & =mation ( ! woman2 :5ce x is evid5t t ,god nev] design$ t mank9d %\ld be pres]v$1 & ! e>? peopl$ any o!r way4 ,& z ! m>riage union took place :ile man 0 9 a /ate ( innoc5ce1 upright & pure1 j su* z 8 ,creator made him1 x is !re=e suitable to ! greate/ purity bo? ( he>t & life4 #f4 ,! design ( ?is in/itution 01 t man & woman might be mutually helpful to ea* o!r1 9 all ! necessities & uses ( life p>tak+ ( ! c>es & labors ( ea* o!r1 reciprocally %>+ 9 ea* o!r's delights & pleasures1 & comb9+ toge!r to love1 s]ve1 & please ,god4 ,! situation ( ,adam & ,eve is wor?y ( our att5tion4 ,! sacr$ hi/orian says1 8,& ! ,"l ,god plant$ a g>d5 ea/w>d 9 ,ed52 & !re he put ! man :om he _h =m$40 ,! ^w ,ed51 signify+ pleasure or delight1 is expressive ( _! excell5t resid5ce4 ,! ,septuag9t r5d] ! passage ?us3 1 ,god plant$ a ,p>adise 9 ,ed54 ,! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*2 says ,huet1 bo? ,lat9 & ,greek1 all ! ,int]pret]s ( ,scripture1 anci5t & mod]n1 & all ! ,ori5tals1 d agree1 t ,ed5 is a local "n tak5 f ! beauty ( ! place4 ,! ,g>d5 or ,p>adise 0 situat$ 9 ,ed51 be+ two diff]5t places1 z ! :ole f its "p4 8,& a riv] w5t out ( ,ed5 to wat] ! g>d52 & f !nce x 0 p>t$1 & became into f\r heads4 ,& ! "n ( ! fir/ is ,pison2 t is x :i* compasse? ! :ole l& ( ,havilah1 :]e !re is gold2 & ! gold ( t l& is good2 !re is bdellium & ! onyx /one4 ,& ! "n ( ! second riv] is ,gihon3 ! same is x t compasse? ! :ole l& ( ,e?iopia4 ,& ! "n ( ! ?ird riv] is ,hiddekel3 t is x :i* goe? t[>d ! ea/ ( ,assyria4 ,& ! f\r? riv] is ,euphrates40 ,! mo/ probable acc\nt ( ! situation ( ! t]re/rial ,p>adise1 says ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 is t giv5 by ,hadrian ,rel&4 ,he supposes x to h be5 9 ,arm5ia1 ne> ! s\rces ( ! great riv]s1 ,euphrates1 ,tigris1 ,phasis1 & ,araxes4 ,he ?9ks ,pison 0 ! ,phasis1 a riv] ( ,*ol*is1 empty+ itself into ! ,eux9e ,sea1 :]e !re is a city call$ ,*abala1 ! pronunciation ( :i* is ne>ly ! same ) t ( ,havilah1 or ,*avilah1 accord+ to ! ,hebrew1 ! vau be+ *ang$ 9 ,greek to beta 4 ,?is c\ntry 0 fam\s = gold1 :5ce ! fable ( ! ,gold5 ,fleece1 attempt$ to be c>ri$ away f t c\ntry by ! h]oes ( ,greece4 ,! ,gihon he ?9ks to be ! ,araxes1 :i* runs into ! ,caspian ,sea1 bo? ! words hav+ ! same signification1 namely1 a rapid motion4 ,! l& ( ,cu%1 wa%$ by ! riv]1 he supposes to be ! c\ntry ( ! ,cussi ( ! anci5ts2 a nation ( ,asia1 de/roy$ by ,alex&] to appease ! manes ( ,heph/ion4 ,! ,hiddekel all agree to be ! ,tigris2 & ! o!r riv]1 ,phrat1 or ,p]a?1 to be ! ,euphrates4 ,all ^! riv]s rise 9 ! same tract ( m\nta9\s c\ntry1 ?\gh !y d n proce$ f "o head4 ,man1 says ,fab]1 0 plac$ by ! ,deity 9 ! g>d5 ( ,p>adise4 ,! beauty ( its sc5]y1 ! salubrity ( its climate1 ! v>iety & excell5ce ( its fruits1 all contribut$ to ! beatitude ( ! fir/ pair1 & t5d$ to elevate _! ?\ghts to t ,be+1 :o 0 ! au?or & contriv] ( su* num]\s bless+s4 ,tra9$1 says ,bi%op ,horne1 9 ! s*ool ( ,ed5 by ! mat]ial elem5ts ( a visible _w1 to ! k ( "o t is immat]ial & invisible1 ,adam f\nd himself excit$ by ! beauty ( ! picture1 to aspire aft] ! transc5d5t excell5ce ( ! ,div9e orig9al4 ,f ?is1 says ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 ! anci5t hea!ns borr[$ _! ideas ( ! g>d5s ( ,hesp]ides1 :]e ! trees bore gold5 fruit2 ! g>d5s ( ,adonis1 a ^w :i* is evid5tly d]iv$ f ! ,hebrew ,ad52 & h5ce ! orig9 ( sacr$ g>d5s1 or inclosures1 d$icat$ to purposes ( devotion1 "s comp>atively innoc5t1 o!rs impure4 ,f ! hol9ess ( ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 says ,fab]1 ! ,pagans probably borr[$ _! anci5t cu/om ( consecrat+ groves to ! wor%ip ( _! v>i\s deities4 ,! description giv5 by ,qu9tus ,curtius ( ! sacr$ grove ( ,jupit] ,hammon is s+ul>ly beautiful1 & almo/ pres5ts to ! imag9ation ! deep %ades & ! cry/al /reams ( ,ed54 8,at l5g?10 says he1 8!y arriv$ at ! consecrat$ habitation ( ! deity1 :i*1 incr$ible z x may seem1 0 situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( a des]t1 & %ad$ f ! sun by s luxuriant a vegetation1 t its beams c\ld sc>cely p5etrate ?r\gh ! ?ickness ( ! foliage4 ,! groves are wat]$ by ! me&]+ /reams ( num]\s f\nta9s2 & a wond]ful temp]ature ( climate1 resembl+ mo/ ( all ! delightful season ( spr+1 prevails ?r\gh ! :ole ye> ) an equal degree ( salubrity40 ,?is gold5 age is describ$ by ,plato1 9 a mann] :i*1 indep5d5tly ( 8 confession 7namely1 t he ga9$ 8 in=mation f ! ,phnicians1 :o receiv$ x f _! ance/ors17 proves him to h d]iv$ x1 n f writt5 records1 b f traditional reports4 ,8 mansion ( primeval bliss 0 n 9 ?is d>k1 dim9i%$1 & de=m$1 ?is corrupt$ globe1 b 9 a pure1 e!real1 & lucid orb ( unlimit$ ext5t1 :]e m5 brea!d1 n air1 b light1 drank nect>1 & p>took ( fruits spontane\sly produc$4 ,! inclem5t seasons 7 unkn[n1 raim5t 0 n yet inv5t$1 & nak$ness produc$ no di/ress4 ,:5 we>y1 ! inhabitants recl9$ to sleep on s(t h]bage1 :i* receiv$ ! influ5ce ( "o et]nal spr+4 ,9 ^! delightful regions no /ormy w9ds int]rupt$ _! calm repose2 no evil passion di/urb$ _! s]5ity ( s\l2 & reason1 guid$ by b5evol5ce1 bore a univ]sal sway4 ,:il/ ?is /ate cont9u$1 man conv]s$ freely ) ^? animals1 :i*1 n[ wild1 avoid 8 pres5ce1 & fly at 8 approa*4 ,virgil 0 no /rang] to a gold5 age2 & ,s5eca has well describ$ ! peaceful /ate :il/ ,saturn reign$4 ,b ( all ! repres5tations1 t :i* we f9d 9 ,ovid is ! mo/ beautiful1 &1 all[+ = poetic imag]y1 is accurately j4 8,! gold5 age 0 fir/2 :5 man1 yet new1 ,no rule b uncorrupt$ reason knew1 ,& ) a native b5t did good pursue4 ,un=c'd by puni%m5t1 unaw'd by fe>1 ,8 words 7 simple1 & 8 s\l s9c]e4 ,ne$less 0 writt5 law :]e none oppre/3 ,! law ( man 0 writt5 9 8 brea/4 ,no suppliant cr[ds be=e ! judge appe>'d2 ,no c\rt erect$ yet1 nor cause 0 he>d2 ,b all 0 safe1 = consci5ce 0 _! gu>d40 ,su* notions ( ! felicity enjoy$ by man 9 a /ate ( innoc5ce1 7 n conf9$ to ,italy & ,greece1 b h be5 discov]$ equally among ! ,p]sians1 ,indians1 & ,*9ese4 ,! ,brahm9s say1 t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 pl5ty 0 e :]e diffus$1 & milk1 ) w9e & honey1 fl[$ f f\nta9s4 ,simil> images 7 us$ by ! ,p]sian magi to convey a notion ( primeval happ9ess4#bjf ,?us ,adam & ,eve 7 happy 9 _! situation1 be+ plac$ 9 ,p>adise1 :i* 0 delightful = agreeable & pleas+ accommodations ( e k9d to regale _! s5ses2 x 0 /or$ ) ! utmo/ pr(usion ( ,div9e b\nty6 8,o ,jesus6 at ?y feet we wait1 ,till ?\ %alt bid u rise1 ,re/or'd to our uns9n+ /ate1 ,to love's sweet p>adise40 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnotes - ,*apt] ,,vii #aeg ,! m>9e ,polypus is diff]5t 9 =m f ! fre%-wat] ,polype2 b is n\ri%$1 increas$1 & may be propagat$ aft] ! same mann]4 ,:5 x produces its "y1 !y issue f its sides1 z bran*es f a tree2 ^! "y %oots are no soon] deta*$ f _! p>5ts1 ?an !y become sep>ate ,polypuses1 & fi% = prey4 ,x seems t e "p ( ?is animal possesses a pr9ciple ( life4 ,if x be cut into ?ree pieces1 x is s f> f be+ de/roy$1 t x becomes ?ree polypuses3 ! head produces a body & tail2 ! body1 a head & tail2 & ! tail1 a head & body4 ,:5 a ,polypus is cut 9 two l5g?ways1 ^! close !mselves1 ! w\nds are heal$ 9 a few mom5ts1 & 9 ! c\rse ( "s h\rs !y w eat gre$ily4 ,if ^! ,polypuses be aga9 cut into f\r1 or six pieces1 ^! divisions ( ! animal w also become ,polypuses2 b !y w n be matur$1 nor capable ( eat+1 = "s days4 ,if ?is creature be turn$ l a glove1 by pu%+ ! tail into ! body until x come out ( ! m\?1 aft] su* an op]ation x w /ill eat1 & cont9ue to produce "y ones2 s /rong & vigor\s is ! pr9ciple ( life :i* x possesses4 ,!re are o!r insects :i* possess simil> prop]ties2 & x is c]ta9 t ne>ly all plants :i* are produc$ f suck]s1 h no "p :i* may n become ei!r a /em or bran*1 & :i* w g]m9ate1 & furni% "o1 or ev5 _m plants4 #aeh ,= ! contr>y op9ion1 see ,fragm5ts app5d$ to ,calmet's ,diction>y1 pp4 #aad-aag4 #aei 8,"s "t ago1 a p]son 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight1 digg+ ! gr\nd = ! f\ndation ( an out-h\se1 discov]$ ! ne/ or magaz9e ( a field-m\se4 ,x 0 ( l>ge dim5sion1 & 0 /or$ ) acorns1 :i* 7 laid up 9 ! neate/ & mo/ compact mann] imag9able4 ,^! 7 s num]\s t he 0 induc$ to c\nt !m1 & f\nd1 9 ! :ole1 no few] ?an eight hundr$ & two4 ,h[ wond]ful are ^? faculties ) :i* ! b5efic5t ,creator ( ! _w has end[$ 8 creatures1 = ! purpose ( provid+ = wants :i* !y h no p[] to =esee1 & yet1 )\t :i* provision1 !y mu/1 dur+ ! sev]ity ( w9t]1 be inevitably de/roy$60--,new ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #ahad1 p4 #eca4 #afj ,see ,dr4 ,paley's ,natural ,!ology1 pp4 #bif-bii4 #afa ,to ?is may be ref]r$ an economical exp]im5t well kn[n to ! ,dut*1 t :5 eight ,c[s h be5 9 a pa/ure1 & c no long] get n\ri%m5t1 two horses w d v well !re = "s days2 & :5 no?+ is left = ! ,horses1 f\r ,%eep w live on x4 #afb ,! ,arabians1 :5 travell+1 & 9 want ( wat]1 frequ5tly kill _! camels to obta9 a supply1 :i*1 ?\gh tak5 out ( ! animal1 !y f9d p]fectly good4 #afc ,dr4 ,paley's ,natural ,!ology1 p4 #bgh4 #afd ,dr4 ,p]cival's ,in/ructions1 p4 #bc4 #afe ,see ,annual ,regi/]1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ij4 #aff ,dr4 ,beattie's ,diss]tations1 ,moral & ,critical4 #afg ,dr4 ,p]cival's ,in/ructions1 p4 #h4 ,! ,*9ese consid] ! fle% ( ?is animal z a da9ty1 & public %ambles are erect$ = ! sale ( x4 ,9 ,canton p>ticul>ly1 !re is a /reet appropriat$ to t purpose2 &1 :at is v extraord9>y1 :5ev] a dog-but*] appe>s1 all ! dogs 9 ! place pursue him 9 full cry4 ,!y "k _! enemy1 & p]secute him z f> z !y are able4--,goldsmi?'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,e>?4 #afh ,wesley's ,philosophy1 vol4 i1 p4 #bcc4 #afi ,= a description ( ! ,crocodile1 giv5 by ,div9e inspiration1 see ,job *ap4 xli4 ,x is a great "q among le>n$ m51 says ,mr4 ,b5son1 :at creature is meant by 1 levia?an4 ,our translators 7 evid5tly unc]ta9 respect+ x1 & !re=e h giv5 u ! orig9al t]m untranslat$4 ,! ,sev5ty1 h[ev]1 h r5d]$ x 1 ! dragon2 b t is f> f be+ correct4 ,! dragon is a g5us belong+ to ! ord] ( amphibia reptilia4 ,!re are two species1 #a4 ,! volans1 or fly+ dragon1 ) ! w+s entirely di/9ct f ! =e-legs1 :i* is f\nd 9 ,africa & ! ,ea/ ,indies4 #b4 ,! prpos1 ) ! w+s fix$ to ! =e-legs1 :i* is a native ( ,am]ica4 ,!y are bo? h>mless creatures2 & fe$ on flies1 ants1 & small insects4 ,! ^w 1 levia?an is suppos$ to be d]iv$ f 1 levi1 jo9$1 or c\pl$1 & 1 ?an1 or ?ann91 a dragon1 t is1 a l>ge s]p5t1 or fi%1 ! ^w ?ann9 be+ us$ bo? = a l&-s]p5t1 & a k9d ( fi%4 ,& 8aft] comp>+ :at ,bo*>t & o!rs h writt5 on ! subject1 x appe>s to me10 says ,p>khur/1 8t ! comp\nd ^w 1 levia?an1 ! c\pl$ dragon1 d5otes "s animal1 p>tak+ ( ! nature bo? ( ! l& s]p5ts1 & fi%es1 &1 9 ?is place1 signifies ! crocodile1 :i* lives z well "u wat] z on ! %ore40 #agj ,b+ley's ,animal ,biography1 vol4 ii1 p4 #daj1 c4 #aga ,dr4 ,paley's ,natural ,!ology1 p4 #bhf4 #agb ,ari/otle ass]ts t sp9n+ & weav+ 7 fir/ le>n$ f ! spid]4 ,!nce x has its ,greek "n 1 ,lat9 ,aranea1 ,fr5* ,araignce1 f ! ,hebrew ,aragnevit1 texuit1 or ,ara*1 textura4 ,& x is n improbable t our ,engli% ^w ,spid] is b a corruption ( ,sp9n]1 = ,sp9n is ! ,g]man ^w = ,spid]4 ,) ?is agrees t poetic fancy1 t ,ara*ne an excell5t sp9/]1 0 by ,pallas turn$ into a ,spid]4 ,pallas 0 ! goddess ( wisdom1 w>1 weav+1 sp9n+1 & ! lib]al arts2 & %e 0 invok$ by almo/ e arti/1 p>ticul>ly su* z work$ 9 wool1 embroid]y1 pa9t+1 & sculpture4--,edw>d's ,demon/ration1 c4 #agc ,see ,jones's ,disquisition conc]n+ clean & unclean ,animals4 #agd ,see ,d',assigny on ! ,hi]oglyphics ( ,egypt4 #age ,epi/4 cap4 v4 #agf ,simil4 ix1 sect4 #ac4 #agg ,ad4 ,autol4 lib4 #b1 p4 #if4 #agh ,lib4 iv1 cap4 #cg1 et lib4 v4 c4 #ae4 #agi ,lib4 iv1 cap4 #ge4 #ahj ,adv4 ,prax4 c4 #ab4 #aha ,cap4 #ba1 #be4 #ahb ,cont4 ,cel4 lib4 i1 p4 #fc4 #ahc ,socrat4 lib4 ii4 c4 #cj1 :]e ! ,cre$ may be se5 at l>ge4 #ahd ,hres4 #bc1 n4 #b4 #ahe ,hres4 #dd1 n4 #d4 ,see ,biblio!ca ,biblica on ! place4 #ahf ,lib4 iv1 cap4 #cg4 #ahg ,two ,diss]tations1 c4 pp4 #bi1 #cj4 #ahh ,among ! num]\s traditions ( ! ,new-,zeal&]s1 says ,ni*olas1 !re is "o :i* is v rem>kable4 ,x ref]s to ! creation ( man1 & has be5 h&$ d[n f fa!r to son1 ?r\gh all g5]ations4 ,!y believe ! fir/ man to h be5 creat$ by ?ree gods1 ,m[he]ang>anga1 or ,toopoonah1 or gr&fa!r1 ,m[he]mooha1 & ,m[heebotakee2 b give ! greate/ %>e 9 ! bus9ess to ! fir/-m5tion$ ( ^! deities4 #ahi ,moses says1 8! life1 nephe%1 ( ! fle% is 9 ! blood40 ,& ,/4 ,paul affirms1 8,god ha? made ( "o blood all nations ( m540 ,?is s5t5ce ( ,moses1 :i*1 9 conjunction ) t ( ,/4 ,paul1 conta9s a mo/ important tru?1 _h exi/$ 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures = #c1fjj ye>s1 be=e x arre/$ ! att5tion ( any philosoph]4 ,?is is m surpris+1 z ! nations 9 :i* philosophy fl\ri%$1 7 ^? :i* especially enjoy$ ! ,div9e oracles 9 _! respective languages4 ,t ! blood actually possesses a liv+ pr9ciple1 & t ! life ( ! :ole body is d]iv$ f x1 is a doctr9e ( ,div9e revelation1 & :i* ! obs]vations & exp]im5ts ( ! mo/ accurate anatomi/s h s]v$ /rongly to confirm4 ,! prop] circulation ( ?is important fluid ?r\gh ! :ole human sy/em1 0 taught by ,solomon 9 figurative language1 ,eccles4 xii1 #f2 & discov]$1 z x is call$1 & demon/rat$ by ,dr4 ,h>vey 9 #afbh2 ?\gh "s ,italian philosoph]s _h ! same notion a little be=e4 ,?is di/+ui%$ anatomi/ 0 ! fir/ :o fully reviv$ ! ,mosaic notion ( ! vitality ( ! blood2 & :i* correct view 0 aft]w>ds adopt$ by ! ju/ly celebrat$ ,mr4 ,john ,hunt]1 ^: /rong reason+ & accurate exp]im5ts h s]v$ to sanction & give publicity to a fact s long unkn[n to mank9d4 ,! doctr9e ( ,moses & ,/4 ,paul proves ! tru? ( ! doctr9e ( ,h>vey & ,hunt]3 & ! reason+s & exp]im5ts ( ! latt]1 illu/rate & confirm ! doctr9e ( ! =m]4--,see ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke on ,lev4 xvii1 #aa4 #aij ,z an in/ance ( ?is ,i may m5tion ! case ( a g5tleman :o 0 subject to frequ5t attacks ( a/hma1 to su* a degree1 t if he 7 n reliev$ imm$iately by ble$+1 he 0 9 dang] ( suffocation3 by be+ s frequ5tly bl$ 9 t /ate1 8 blood at l5g? became s pale z sc>cely to /a9 a l95 clo?1 9 consequ5ce ( ! p>ticles ( ! blood be+ s sl[ly r5ew$4 #aia ,two ( ^! causes are peculi>ly important & int]e/+4 ,:5 an animal has lo/ a consid]able quantity ( blood1 & fa9ts 9 consequ5ce1 ! p[] ( ! blood to coagulate quickly is greatly increas$4--,:51 = example1 a %eep is bl$ to dea?1 if y receive a cupful ( ! blood :i* fir/ issues f ! ?roat1 & a cupful ( ! la/1 y w f9d t ! latt] w coagulate soon]1 & become mu* m solid ?an ! fir/ portion4 ,by way ( exp]im5t1 ! l>ge art]y ( ! ?igh ( a dog has be5 divid$ & laid op52 ! animal bl$ till he fa9t$1 & on recov]+ _h no return ( ! ble$+4 ,on exam9+ ! art]y1 its divid$ end 0 f\nd plugg$ up by coagulat$ blood1 & mu* contract$ 9 its diamet]2 ?is natural means1 h[ev]1 ( *eck+ hmorrhage1 we %all aft]w>ds f9d1 is assi/$ by ! contractile p[] possess$ by ! vessel f :5ce x is effus$4 ,h5ce x appe>s t fa9t+ is favorable to *eck+ hmorrhages1 z f> z x puts a tempor>y *eck on ! circulation1 & %\ld always be enc\rag$ to a c]ta9 degree4 ,ano!r cause :i* influ5ces ! coagulation ( ! blood1 is inflammatory diseases4 ,"u su* circum/ances x rema9s mu* long] 9 a fluid /ate1 b coagulates at l5g? m firmly4 ,?is coagulation ( ! lymph is ! fir/ /ep t[>ds its conv]sion into v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 or ! union ( divid$ p>ts4 ,:51 = example1 ! coagulat+ lymph is ?r[n out ^u inflam$ int]nal p>ts ( ! body :i* lie 9 contact1 z ! inte/9es or lungs1 x becomes solid1 & connects !m loosely toge!r4 ,blood vessels %oot into x1 & conv]t x at l5g? into cellul> membrane1 =m+ :at are call$ adhesions1 & 9 a simil> way x is conv]t$ into ! nature ( v>i\s p>ts ( ! body4 ,we may !re=e say1 t ! coagulat+ lymph is ! mo/ important "p ( ! blood1 inasmu* z x is subs]vi5t to ! =mation ( v>i\s organs 9 ! body4 ,_m p>ts1 p>ticul>ly ! muscles1 v ne>ly resemble x 9 _! nature4 #aib ,sub/ances may ev5 be introduc$ into ! blood directly4 ,by way ( exp]im5t1 ,ipecacuanha1 or a small portion ( ,emetic ,t>t>1 or ,jalap1 h be5 infus$ into ! ve9s3 ! result ( ?is has be5 f\nd to be1 t !y h produc$ ! same effect z if introduc$ by ! /oma*2 ! =m] produc$ vomit+1 ! latt] purg+4 #aic ,mr4 ,hunt]1 h[ev]1 f\nd t ?is natural incl9ation might be *ang$ by education1 = he taught an ,eagle1 :i* is a c>nivor\s animal1 to subsi/ on f>9ace\s food alone4 ,! plan he adopt$ 0 ?is3 he began by ab/ract+ ! fle% meat1 & sub/itut+ bread & butt]1 till at l5g? ! meat 0 entirely tak5 away2 he !n by degrees dim9i%$ ! quantity ( butt]1 till at l5g? ! animal f$ on bread alone4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 f exp]im5t1 t ?is transition _c be made sudd5ly1 z ! ga/ric juice ( ! animal is n adapt$ to act ^u an opposite k9d ( food4 ,x has be5 f\nd t a quantity ( pe> or apple introduc$ into ! /oma* ( a ,buzz>d ,hawk 0 n dige/$1 b rema9$ unact$ ^u :5 ! f[l 0 kill$ = inspection _m h\rs aft]w>ds2 yet ! /oma* ( ?is animal habitually dige/$ bone4 #aid ,dr4 ,a4 ,hunt] says1 8,:5 we consid] ! delicacy ( ! int]nal /ructure ( ! /oma*1 & ! high & ess5tial consequ5ce ( its (fice1 we may truly say1 x is treat$ ) too little t5d]ness & respect on our p>ts4 ,! /oma* is ! *ief organ ( ! human sy/em1 ^u ! /ate ( :i* all ! p[]s & feel+s ( ! individual dep5d4 8,! /oma* is ! kit*5 t prep>es our discordant food1 & :i*1 aft] due mac]ation1 x deliv]s ov] by a c]ta9 undulatory motion1 to ! inte/9es1 :]e x receives a fur!r concoction4 ,be+ n[ r$uc$ into a :ite balmy fluid1 x is suck$ up by a set ( small vessels1 call$ lacteals1 & c>ri$ to ! ?oracic duct4 ,?is duct runs up ! back-bone1 & is 9 l5g? ab\t sixte5 in*es1 b 9 diamet] x h>dly exce$s a cr[ quill4 ,?r\gh ?is small tube1 ! greate/ "p ( :at is tak5 9 at ! m\? passes1 & :5 x has arriv$ at its greate/ height1 x is dis*>g$ into ! left subclavian ve92 :5 mix+ ) ! g5]al mass ( blood1 x becomes1 v soon1 blood itself40 #aie ,dr4 ,o4 ,gregory obs]ves1 8,animal heat is pres]v$ entirely by ! inspiration ( atmosph]ic air6 ,! lungs :i* imbibe ! oxyg5 gas f ! air1 imp>t x to ! blood2 & ! blood1 9 its circulation1 gives out ! caloric to e "p ( ! body4 ,no?+ c af=d a m /rik+ pro( ( creative wisdom1 ?an ?is provision = ! pres]vation ( an equable animal temp]ature4 ,by ! decomposition ( atmosph]ic air1 caloric is evolv$1 & ?is caloric is tak5 up by ! art]ial blood1 )\t its temp]ature be+ at all rais$ by ! addition4 ,:5 x passes to ! ve9s1 its capacity = caloric is dim9i%$1 z mu* z x _h be5 be=e increas$ 9 ! lungs3 ! caloric1 !re=e1 :i* _h be5 absorb$1 is aga9 giv5 out2 & ?is sl[ & con/ant evolution ( ! caloric 9 ! extreme vessels ov] ! :ole body1 is ! s\rce ( t uni=m temp]ature :i* we h s mu* occasion to admire4 ,dr4 ,craw=d asc]ta9$1 t :5ev] an animal is plac$ 9 a m$ium ! temp]ature ( :i* is consid]ably high1 ! usual *ange ( art]ial v5\s blood does n g on2 consequ5tly1 no evolution ( caloric w take place1 & ! animal heat w n rise mu* above ! natural /&>d4 ,h[ pleas+ x is to contemplate ! arrangem5ts :i* ! ,deity has made = ! pres]vation & felicity ( 8 creatures1 & to obs]ve t he has provid$ = e possible exig5cy60--,lessons1 ,a/ronomical & ,philosophical1 #d? edit4 p4 #hg4 #aif ,a ,london ,ald]man1 :o _h accid5tally he>d ( ! ?oracic duct1 0 s /ruck ) ! importance & delicacy ( ! vessel1 t he became v appreh5sive le/ x %\ld be 9 ! lea/ ob/ruct$2 &1 be+ "o day caught 9 a cr[d1 f :5ce he c\ld n extricate himself1 he mo/ e>ne/ly entreat$ ^? :o press$ on him1 to take c>e ( 8 ?oracic duct4 #aig ,?is is a good example ( muscles1 :i*1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 are direct$ by ! w1 becom+ involunt>y f an alt]$ excitem5t4 #aih ,dr4 ,a4 ,hunt] rem>ks1 8,7 x possible = u to view ?r\gh ! sk9 & integum5ts1 ! me*anism ( our bodies1 aft] ! mann] ( a wat*-mak] :5 he exam9es a wat*1 we %\ld be /ruck ) an awful a/oni%m5t6 ,7 we to see ! /oma* & inte/9es busily employ$ 9 ! concoction ( our food by a c]ta9 undulatory motion2 ! he>t work+1 day & night1 l a =c+ pump2 ! lungs bl[+ alt]nate bla/s2 ! humors filtrat+ ?r\gh innum]able /ra9]s2 toge!r ) an incompreh5sible assemblage ( tubes1 valves1 & curr5ts1 all actively & unceas+ly employ$ 9 support ( our exi/5ce1 we c\ld h>dly be induc$ to /ir f our places60 #aii ,mr4 ,cruik%ank1 late ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry at ,woolwi*1 judici\sly obs]ves1 says ,dr4 ,ol9?us ,gregory1 t ! size ( ! body1 ! quantity ( food tak5 91 ! vigor ) :i* ! sy/em is act+1 ! passions ( ! m9d1 & ext]nal heat or cold1 are circum/ances :i* w ev] occasion consid]able v>iety 9 ! quantity ( ! ins5sible p]spiration4 ,?is g5tleman1 assum+ t ! surface ( ! h& is to t ( ! re/ ( ! body z "o to sixty 7an assumption :i* ,mr4 ,ab]ne?y ?9ks mu* too small = ! body17 & t e "p ( t surface p]spir$ equally ) 8 h&1 conclud$ t he lo/ dur+ an h\r1 by ins5sible p]spiration f ! sk91 #c ounces1 #f drams2 & 9 #bd h\rs1 at t rate1 w\ld h lo/ #g p\nds1 #f ounces4 ,also1 t he lo/ #abd gra9s ( vapor by respiration1 9 an h\r2 or #f ounces1 #a dram1 & #cf gra9s1 9 #bd h\rs2 :i*1 add$ to ! =m] cutane\s exhalation1 w\ld make ! :ole ins5sible p]spiration1 9 #bd h\rs1 equal to #h p\nds1 #a dram1 & #cf gra9s3 ! evaporation f ! lungs w be little m ?an "o-fifte5? ( ! :ole4 ,mr4 ,cruik%ank has n ! smalle/ d\bt1 b t electric fluid is also p]spir$ f ! pores ( ! sk93 x appe>+ to him impossible t an enrag$ ,lion1 or ,cat1 %\ld erect ! hairs ( ! tail on any o!r pr9ciple3 inde$ he /rongly suspects t1 z electric fire is n[ kn[n to be ! prime conductor ( ! v>iation 9 ! atmosph]e1 s x is also ! gr& conductor ( ins5sible p]spiration4 ,he likewise /ates x z a matt] beyond d\bt1 t1 indep5d5t ( aque\s vapor 7( fix$ air & phlogi/on17 emitt$ f ! sk9 9 ins5sible p]spiration1 !re is an odor\s effluvia1 :i*1 ?\gh g5]ally ins5sible to ourselves & ! by /&]s1 is p]ceptible to o!r animals4--,h5ce x happ5s1 t a ,dog foll[s ! foot/eps ( 8 ma/] by ! smell2 &1 9 l mann]1 ) reg>d to o!r animals3 ! ,fox-,h\nd kn[s af> ! smell ( ! ,fox2 ! ,po9t] t ( ! ,p>tridge1 ! ,snipe1 or ! ,pheasant2 & e c>nivor\s animal t ( its prey4--,hay's ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i1 p4 #bg4 #bjj ,dr4 ,prie/ley has positively ass]t$1 t ! doctr9e ( ! s\l has no f\ndation 9 reason or ! ,scriptures4 ,b ,dr4 ,jort91 9 8 s]mon on ,john xi1 #be1 vol4 vi1 & ,dean ,%]lock1 9 8 disc\rse on ! immortality ( ! s\l1 completely refute ! ,doctor's argum5ts4 ,9 ! f\r? volume ( ! ,memoirs ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society ( ,man*e/]1 !re is a v valuable pap]1 by ,dr4 ,f]ri>1 prov+1 by evid5ce app>5tly complete1 t e "p ( ! bra9 has be5 injur$ )\t affect+ ! act ( ?\ght2 ! reason+ ( :i* memoir1 be+ built on matt]s ( fact & exp]i5ce1 appe>s to h %ak5 ! mod]n !ory ( ! mat]iali/s f its v f\ndation4 #bja ,see ,wesley's ,s]mon on ,heb4 xi1 #a4 #bjb ,dr4 ,scott's ,*ri/ian ,life1 vol4 v1 p4 #ad4 #bjc ,practical ,treaties on ! ,holy ,_s1 pp4 #g1 #h4 #bjd ,see ,dr4 ,beattie's ,!ory ( ,language1 *ap4 ii4 #bje ,x is v s+ul>1 says ,ni*olas1 9 8 v int]e/+ hi/ory ( ,new-,zeal&1 t ! natives believe t ! fir/ woman 0 made ( "o ( man's ribs2 &1 :at adds /ill m to ?is /range co9cid5ce1 _! g5]al t]m = bone is hevee1 :i*1 = ought we "k1 may be a corruption ( ! "n ( our fir/ p>5t1 communicat$ to !m1 p]haps1 orig9ally1 by "s means or o!r1 & pres]v$1 )\t be+ mu* disfigur$1 among ! records ( ignorance4 #bjf ,see ,t[ns5d's ,"* ( ,moses1 pp4 #ff-fh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,sev5? ,,day4 ,,on ,,! ,,sabba?4 ,sabba? ,in/itut$ -- ,bless$ & ,sanctifi$ -- ,giv5 to ,adam z a ,g5]al ,precept = 8 ,po/]ity -- ,r5ew$ be=e & at ! giv+ ( ! ,law -- ,a ,sign betwe5 ,god & 8 ,p -- ,worldly ,bus9ess prohibit$ -- ,works ( ,necessity & ,m]cy except$ -- ,advantages result+ f obs]v+ x -- ,a ,sev5? ,day reg>d$ by ! ,hea!ns -- ,! ,sabba? ( univ]sal & p]petual obligation -- ,! ,"l's ,day4 ,:5 ,god _h made ! _w1 & furni%$ x ) a v>iety ( creatures1 suit$ to ! diff]5t elem5ts ( :i* x is compos$2 _h creat$ man aft] 8 own image1 f> sup]ior to all ! o!r species ( be+s1 endu$ ) rational faculties1 :om he !re=e con/itut$ "l ov] !m1 situat$ 9 a resid5ce curi\sly & beautifully adorn$1 & pl5tifully /or$ ) e ?+ adapt$ = su/5ance & delight2 he exact$ a reasonable s]vice1 :i* consi/$ 9 ! wor%ip ( himself1 ! "o only true ,god1 9 celebrat+ ! expressions ( 8 almighty p[]1 inf9ite wisdom1 & b\ndless goodness1 display$ 9 8 works4 ,& to p]petuate1 z well z give a solemnity to ?is wor%ip1 he set ap>t a portion ( "t = ! ex]cise ( x2 by ! con/ant & regul> obs]vation ( :i*1 a j s5se ( 8 inf9ite p]fections1 ! recollection ( 8 wondr\s works1 & ! true wor%ip ( him1 might be reta9$ among m54 ,moses1 ! sacr$ hi/orian1 says1 8,?us ! heav5s & ! e>? 7 f9i%$1 & all ! ho/ ( !m4 ,& ,god re/$ ! sev5? day1 & sanctifi$ x3 because t 9 x he _h re/$ f all 8 "w :i* ,god creat$ & made40 ,"h we h ! orig9 ( ! ,sabba?1 because t 9 x he re/$1 says ,moses2 %eba?1 f %aba?1 he re/$2 & h5ce sabba?1 ! "n ( ! sev5? day1 signify+ a day ( re/4 ,n t he 0 we>y ) work+1 b he ceas$ to "w1 or re/$ f mak+ any m creatures1 or species ( be+s1 all k9ds be+ already ei!r actually or virtually made4 ,:5 he _h f9i%$ ! works ( creation1 9 :i* he 0 employ$ six days1 he re/$ on ! sev5?1 & bless$ & sanctifi$ x2 consecrat$ x = man to re/ f all secul> labors1 & religi\sly employ ?is portion ( "t4 ,?is bless+ & sanctify+ ! sev5? day has ! =ce ( a law or comm&4 ,god sep>at$ x f a common to a religi\s use1 to be a /&+ memorial ( 8 works ( creation2 & to be a sign to ,adam & 8 po/]ity1 :o1 by work+ six days & re/+ on ! sev5?1 %\ld %[ !mselves to be ! wor%ipp]s ( t ,be+ :o made ! _w 9 six days1 & re/$ on ! sev5?4 ,! me?od pursu$ 9 creat+ ! _w1 pres5t+ a regul> succession ( a/oni%+ ev5ts1 0 d\btless int5d$ to convey useful in/ruction to mank9d4 ,consid]+ ! almighty p[] ( ! ,creator1 8 fiat w\ld h be5 suffici5t in/antly to produce ! :ole app>atus ( nature1 9 beautiful & regul> ord]4 ,b he proce$$ by degrees 9 ?is "w1 probably to tea* u1 t1 aft] work+ six days1 we also %\ld re/ on ! sev5?4 ,:at o!r reason c be assign$ = 8 proc$ure1 :5 a m exp$iti\s plan w\ld h be5 z easy to him1 & m consonant to 8 omnipot5ce3 b only1 t all mank9d f ?is measure %\ld h a p]petual reason & obligation to consecrate a sev5? day1 aft] six days labor1 to be a holy re/ to ! ,"l2 & x is reasonable to suppose t ,god expressly decl>$ 8 w to our fir/ p>5ts z to ?is matt]4 ,z ! comm& = obs]v+ ! sev5? day 0 giv5 to ,adam1 z a g5]al precept = all 8 po/]ity1 no d\bt he & 8 sons reg>d$ x4 ,aft]w>ds1 ?r\gh ! impiety ( ! ante-deluvians1 x might be oblit]at$ 9 ! e>?1 except 9 ! solit>y family ( ,noah2 :o1 be+ a prea*] ( righte\sness1 _c be suppos$ to h neglect$ ! obs]vation ( ?is day1 or to h omitt$ recomm5d+ su* an important po9t ( religion to ! new _w aft] ! ,flood4 ,& ?\gh aft] ?is1 :5 m5 7 aga9 multipli$ on ! e>?1 wick$ness & idolatry 7 introduc$1 & ! lapse ( "t _h effac$ f _! m9ds ?is & o!r precepts ( religion receiv$ f ,noah2 yet1 we _c b suppose t ?is important in/itution1 ) o!r ?+s relat+ to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 0 reta9$ 9 ! family ( ,abraham1 & ! succe$+ ,patri>*s1 till _! bondage 9 ,egypt4 ,b :51 ?r\gh ! iniquity & idolatry ( succe$+ g5]ations1 ! p>ticul> "t1 at fir/ design$ & allott$ = ?is special s]vice1 became =gott51 & ,div9e wor%ip 0 entirely neglect$ by ! g5]ality ( mank9d1 ,god !n reveal$ & in/itut$ ! ,jewi% religion1 prescrib$ ! mode ( wor%ip to be us$1 & by a special law appo9t$ a c]ta9 season = ! m solemn ex]cise ( x2 & to be a tok5 ( ! s9c]e wor%ipp]s ( ! true ,god1 :o creat$ all ?+s3 & ! day ?us appo9t$ & consecrat$ to public wor%ip1 0 call$ ! ,sabba?1 on acc\nt ( ! re/ requir$ to be /rictly obs]v$ on x1 & a comm& giv5 to all t !y obs]ve & sanctify x4 ,?is comm& orig9ally giv5 to ,adam1 0 r5ew$ be=e ! giv+ ( ei!r ! moral1 judicial1 or c]emonial law4 ,x is expressly tak5 notice ( at ! fall ( ! manna1 :i* 0 grant$ to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 9 ! wild]ness ( ,s91 be=e !y came to ,s9ai1 ,exod4 xvi1 #bc-bg4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds ins]t$ 9 ! body ( ! moral law4 ,exod4 xx1 #h4 ,x is annex$ to ! judicial laws2 i4e4 ! laws det]m9+ "r betwe5 man & man1 & ! puni%m5t ( transgressors1 ,exod4 xxiii1 #ab4 ,& x is add$ to ! fir/ "p ( ! c]emonial law1 or ,levitical rites & c]emonies1 ,exod4 xxxi1 #ac-ah2 9 :i* passage x is repeat$ f\r times 9 ! compass ( f\r v]ses4 ,9 ! f\r? comm& ,god says1 8,rememb] ! ,sabba?-day1 to keep x holy40 ,:at day is meant1 ! foll[+ words det]m9e1 8,six days %all ?\ labor1 & d all ?y "w3 b ! sev5? is ! ,sabba? ( ! ,"l ?y ,god3 9 x ?\ %all n d any "w40 ,t is aft] six days ( labor1 ! sev5? %all be a day ( holy re/1 set ap>t = ! public wor%ip ( ,god4 ,! reason to en=ce ?is is add$1 8,because 9 six days ! ,"l made heav5 & e>?1 ! sea1 & all t 9 !m is1 & re/$ ! sev5? day40 ,! ,jews1 9 _m ( _! fea/s1 7 comm&$ to re/ f s]vile labor1 on :i* acc\nt ^! are sometimes call$ sabba?s2 b we also read ( "o day1 :i*1 by way ( em95ce1 is /yl$ ! ,sabba?1 or day ( re/4 ,?us we see1 t ! precept :i* ,god gave ! ,jews = ! obs]vation ( ! ,sabba?1 appe>s to be only ! repetition or r5ewal ( ! law giv5 to mank9d f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 & n ! fir/ publication ( x4 ,a new reason inde$ is add$ = ! obs]vation ( x1 namely1 _! r$emption f ,egyptian bondage1 :i* 0 effect$ on ! sev5? day ( ! week1 :5 ,god ov]?rew ,ph>aoh & 8 ho/ 9 ! ,r$ ,sea1 & !reby deliv]$ !m4 8,rememb] t ?\ wa/ a s]vant 9 ! l& ( ,egypt1 & t ! ,"l ?y ,god br\ght !e out !nce ?r\gh a mighty h&1 & by a /ret*$ out arm3 !re=e ! ,"l ?y ,god comm&$ !e to keep ! ,sabba?-day40 ,& ! ,jews kept _! ,sabba? on ! sev5? day ( ! week1 9 remembrance ( _! r$emption f slav]y 9 ,egypt4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t ! comm& = ! religi\s obs]vance ( ! ,sabba?1 0 deliv]$ by ,moses at ,m\nt ,s9ai1 9 a way diff]5t f all ^? ord9ances :i* 7 only c]emonial4 ,x 0 writt5 by ! supreme ,be+ himself on tables ( /one1 on :i* e o!r ?+ writt5 0 confess$ly moral1 & ( p]petual obligation3 b no "p ( ! c]emonial law 0 writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god4 ,! f\r? comm& 0 writt5 on tables ( /one1 to signify t x 0 to cont9ue1 z well z ! o!r2 & also x 0 put into ! ,ark1 ) ! re/ ( ! moral precepts1 & is ref]r$ to ,deut4 x1 #d4 z be+ "o ( ! numb]4 ,! sanctification ( ! ,sabba? is consid]$ z a sign betwe5 ,god & 8 p4 8,v]ily my sabba?s ye %all keep3 = x is a sign betwe5 me & y1 ?r\gh\t y\r g5]ations2 t ye may "k t ,i am ! ,"l t do? sanctify y30 or1 z ! orig9al may be r5d]$1 a sign to ackn[l$ge t ,i ,jehovah am y\r sanctifi]4 ,aga9--8,& hall[ my ,sabba?s2 & !y %all be a sign betwe5 me & y1 t ye may "k t ,i am ! ,"l y\r ,god40 ,?us ,god made ! sanctification ( ! ,sabba? a sign by :i* x might be kn[n :o did belong to him4 ,work+ six days1 & keep+ a holy re/ on ! sev5?1 is a sign ( be+ ! wor%ipp]s ( ! "o liv+ & true ,god1 :o made heav5 & e>? 9 ! space ( six days1 & re/$ ! sev5?3 consequ5tly1 ! neglect+ & pr(an+ ! ,sabba? is a tacit r5\nc+ ( him4 ,!re=e ! ,jewi% ,rabbies h ?is say+ among !m1 ,:oev] breaks ! o!r comm&s is a wick$ ,israelite2 b he :o op5ly & av[$ly pr(anes ! ,sabba?1 is consid]$ z an infidel & idolat]4 ,h5ce we read1 t su* 7 to be cut (f f ! p1 & put to dea?3 z !y w\ld n comply ) ?is in/itution1 s ,god w\ld n own !m z 8 p1 b reject !m4 ,to ^? :o religi\sly obs]ve ! ,sabba?1 !re are _m p>ticul> promises made4 8,if ?\ turn ?y foot f ! ,sabba?1 f do+ ?y pleasure on my holy day2 & call ! ,sabba? a delight1 ! ,holy ( 7or to7 ! ,"l1 honorable2 & %alt honor him1 n do+ ?9e own ways1 n f9d+ ?9e own pleasure1 nor speak+ ?9e own words3 !n %alt ?\ delight ?yself 9 ! ,"l2 & ,i w cause !e to ride ^u ! high places ( ! e>?1 & fe$ !e ) ! h]itage ( ,jacob ?y fa!r3 = ! m\? ( ! ,"l ha? spok5 x40 ,"h ,god secures to su* p]sons ! good ( ! l& ( ,canaan1 :i* he has promis$ z an h]itage to ,jacob & 8 se$4 ,pl5ty1 honor1 & security 9 ! enjoym5t ( temporal bless+s1 are annex$ to a religi\s p]=mance ( ! duty2 he w bless ! hone/ labors ( ^? :o fai?fully s]ve him1 on ! six days ( ! week1 :i* he has appo9t$ = secul> employm5ts4 ,! m s9c]e & dev\t any p]son is 9 keep+ ! ,sabba?1 ! m w 8 bus9ess prosp] on o!r days4 ,promises ( ?is nature h be5 accompli%$ 9 all ages1 to ^? :o h sanctifi$ ! ,sabba?2 & no d\bt !y w cont9ue to be s 9 e subsequ5t p]iod ( "t4 ,att5d+ to worldly bus9ess on ! ,sabba?1 is a pr(anation ( x1 & /rictly prohibit$4 ,god says1 8,?\ %alt n d any "w1 ?\1 nor ?y son1 nor ?y daught]1 ?y man-s]vant1 nor ?y maid-s]vant1 nor ?y cattle1 nor ! /rang] t is )9 ?y gates40 ,aga93 8,six days %all "w be done3 b ! sev5? day is ! ,sabba? ( re/2 ye %all d no "w !re93 x is ! ,sabba? ( ! ,"l 9 all y\r dwell+s40 ,! ,sabba? 0 awfully pr(an$ 9 ! days ( ,nehemiah4 ,he says1 8,9 ^? days saw ,i 9 ,judah "s tread+ w9e-presses on ! ,sabba?1 & br++ 9 %eaves1 & lead+ asses2 z also w9e1 grapes1 & figs1 & all mann] ( burd5s1 :i* !y br\ght into ,j]usalem on ! ,sabba? day3 & ,i te/ifi$ aga9/ !m 9 ! day :]e9 !y sold victuals4 ,!re dwelt m5 ( ,tyre also !re91 :i* br\ght fi%1 & all mann] ( w>e1 & sold on ! ,sabba? unto ! *ildr5 ( ,judah & ,j]usalem4 ,!n ,i cont5d$ ) ! nobles ( ,judah1 & said unto !m1 ,:at evil ?+ is ?is t ye d1 & pr(ane ! ,sabba?-day8 ,did n y\r fa!rs ?us1 & did n our ,god br+ all ?is evil ^u u1 & ^u ?is city8 yet ye br+ m wra? ^u ,israel by pr(an+ ! ,sabba?4 ,& x came to pass1 t :5 ! gates ( ,j]usalem begun to be d>k be=e ! ,sabba?1 ,i comm&$ t ! gates %\ld be %ut1 & *>g$ t !y %\ld n be op5$ till aft] ! ,sabba?3 & "s ( my s]vants set ,i at ! gates1 t !re %\ld no burd5 be br\ght 9 on ! ,sabba?-day4 ,s ! m]*ants1 & sell]s ( all sorts ( w>e1 lodg$ )\t ,j]usalem once or twice4 ,!n ,i te/ifi$ aga9/ !m1 & said unto !m1 ,:y lodge ye ab\t ! wall8 if ye d s aga9 ,i w lay h&s on y4 ,f t "t =? came !y no m on ! ,sabba?40 ,?is is a noble in/ance ( well-direct$ zeal1 & successful ef=t1 9 t great & good gov]nor4 ,8 example ought to be foll[$ by p]sons 9 au?ority1 fill+ high (ficial situations4 ,! prophet ,j]emiah speaks to ! same purpose1 8,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,take he$ to y\rselves1 & be> no burd5 on ! ,sabba?-day1 nor br+ x 9 by ! gates ( ,j]usalem3 nei!r c>ry =? a burd5 out ( y\r h\ses on ! ,sabba?-day1 nei!r d ye any "w1 b hall[ ye ! ,sabba?-day1 z ,i comm&$ y\r fa!rs40 ,works ( necessity & m]cy are "h to be except$3 ^! may be done consi/5tly ) ! sanctification ( ! ,sabba?1 ?\gh !y are s]vile & labori\s4 ,b great c>e mu/ be tak51 n to plead necessity :]e !re really is none4 ,by su* works are meant ?+s ( importance1 :i* c\ld n be done ! day be=e1 nor po/pon$ till aft] ! ,sabba?4 ,a necessity :i* is occasion$ by neglig5ce1 or want ( ?\ght1 or is only necess>y to "s worldly advantage1 w n be a suffici5t excuse 9 ?is case4 ,9 seasons :5 p h m ?an ord9>y bus9ess 9 _! h&s1 & !re=e are apt to plead necessity = encroa*m5ts on ! ,sabba?2 yet1 ev5 !n1 ,god has p>ticul>ly comm&$ !m to re/4 8,six days %alt ?\ "w2 b on ! sev5? day ?\ %alt re/3 9 e>+-"t & h>ve/ ?\ %alt re/40 ,! religi\s obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? is adapt$ to promote ! spiritual advantage ( ,god's p4 ,its ex]cises t5d to wean !m f ?is pres5t _w1 & raise !m above ! attractions ( s5se4 ,by ?is holy re/ !re is a pause made 9 _! e>?ly pursuits1 & !y are call$ m solemnly to reflect on ! invisible & important realities ( a bett] _w1 9 ord] to excite _! dev\t affections4 ,_h !y no su* int]vals1 _! he>ts w\ld soon be ov]*>g$ ) ! labors & c>es ( ?is life1 & !y w\ld be too reg>dless ( a bett] /ate4 ,god has made x ev5 unlawful = !m to foll[ any secul> employm5ts on ?is day1 on purpose to pres]ve !m f ! undue influ5ce ( ! objects ( s5se1 & t !y might ) m int5s5ess pursue spiritual & et]nal ?+s4 ,x is c]ta91 z "o judici\sly obs]ves1 t mu* ( ! p[] ( godl9ess consi/s 9 p]sons liv+ above ! pres5t _w1 9 be+ dead to x1 9 view+ x ) a holy indiff]5ce1 & 9 sett+ _! affections on ?+s above4 ,b ?is w\ld be v difficult1 or next to impossible1 if !y 7 to be con/antly employ$ 9 worldly affairs2 & !re=e he :o be/ kn[s ! composition & con/itution ( man1 has wisely & graci\sly appo9t$ "o day 9 sev51 z a re/ f t]re/rial pursuits1 & z a season :]e9 he %\ld set himself m int5sely to prep>e = ! heav5ly _w4 ,:5 ?us )drawn f e>?ly conc]ns1 p]sons c m imp>tially exam9e1 weigh1 & consid] h[ unsuitable a portion !y are = an immat]ial s\l1 immortal 9 its duration4 ,!y h leisure to m$itate ) great] fre$om on ! ,au?or ( _! be+1 on 8 end or design 9 plac+ !m on ! e>?1 & on ! results ( _! conduct await+ !m 9 a future /ate4 ,!y1 !re=e1 :o are duly in=m$ ( ! wor? ( ! s\l1 & suitably impress$ ) ! awfulness ( t _w to :i* !y are ha/5+2 :o desire ! felicity ( heav51 & dread ! mis]y ( hell2 w rejoice at ! return ( ! ,sabba?1 :]e9 !y are call$ dilig5tly to prep>e = ! "o1 & mo/ cauti\sly to avoid ! o!r4 ,:ile ?us ab/ract$ f all sublun>y ?+s1 & engag$ 9 ! ex]cise ( devotion1 !y ga9 a m intimate communion ) ,god4 8,e "o t keepe? ! ,sabba? f pollut+ x1 & take? hold ( my cov5ant2 ev5 !m w ,i br+ to my holy m\nta91 & make !m joyful 9 my h\se ( pray]2 _! burnt-(f]+s & _! sacrifices %all be accept$ ^u m9e alt>40 ,:5 p]sons are employ$ on ?is sacr$ day1 9 m$itat+ on ! inf9ite p]fections ( ,god display$ 9 8 works2 :5 ! desires ( _! s\ls are aft] him1 & !y are engag$ 9 (f]+ up pray]s & praises to ! glori\s ,au?or ( _! be+ & bless+s2 !n he manife/s himself to !m 9 a mann] he does n to o!r m51 %$s abroad 8 love 9 _! he>ts1 accepts _! p]sons & s]vices1 & fills !m ) joy & peace4 ,?is communion is mo/ effectually promot$1 :5 !y are dis5gag$ f e>?ly ?+s1 & :olly employ$ 9 ! duties ( religion3 accord+ to t v enc\rag+ promise1 8,9 all places :]e ,i record my "n1 ,i w come unto !e1 & ,i w bless !e40 ,! sev5? day 0 obs]v$ by hea!n nations1 z well z ! ,jews4 ,josephus v5tur$ to affirm1 8,!re is no city1 :e!r ,grecian or ,b>b>ian1 !re is no nation1 :i* does n re/ on ! sev5? day40 ,philo ,judu /at$ _m ye>s be=e1 t ! sev5? day 0 a fe/ival1 n to "o city or "o c\ntry1 b to all2 & he1 !re=e1 calls x ! univ]sal fe/ival4 ,! hea!n writ]s speak ( ! ,sabba? z a high day among !m4 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us gives quotations f ,l9us1 ,hom]1 ,hesiod1 & ,callima*us1 :o speak ( ! sev5? day z a day on :i* ! "w ( ! creation 0 f9i%$1 & call x ! holy day1 & ! bir? day ( ! _w4 ,lucian in=ms u1 9 8 ,pseudologi/a1 t *ildr5 at s*ool 7 exempt$ f /udy on ! sev5? day4 ,?is day ,suetonius calls a sabba?4 ,if any %\ld say1 t ! ,hea!n1 f ! acqua9tance !y _h ) ! ,jews & ! writ+s ( ,moses1 knew t ! sev5? day 0 to be kept holy3 ,i w\ld answ]2 t is n probable1 = "s ( ! ,hea!n writ]s :o speak ( ! sev5?-day ,sabba?1 liv$ ne> ! "t ( ,moses4 ,beside1 ! ,greeks 7 at t "t :olly ignorant ( 8 writ+s3 ! ,jews ?\ght x a pr(anation to communicate any "p ( !m to ! ,hea!n4 ,nor 7 ! writ+s ( ,moses translat$ into ! ,greek language till sev]al hundr$ ye>s aft] ,hom]3 ! translation 0 made 9 ! days ( ,ptolemy ! second1 k+ ( ,egypt1 ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,& x is n ( ! ,jews ,saturday-sabba? t ! ,hea!n writ]s speak1 b ( ano!r day 9 ! week4 ,x 0 n ! sev5? day ( ! week to :i* ! anci5t hea!ns conf9$ _! re/1 b a sev5? day1 "o day 9 sev54 ,_! ,sabba? or high fe/ival 0 t day ( ! week on :i* !y wor%ipp$ ! sun1 _! *ief god4 ,x rema9s !n1 t ! notice ( ! sev5? day among ! ,hea!n came to !m orig9ally f ! ,patri>*s1 ^: desc5dants1 9 _! sev]al disp]sions1 c>ri$ along ) !m "s impressions ( ! true religion1 :i* p>tially cont9u$ ) !m aft]w>d1 ?\gh awfully corrupt$ ) idolatry4 ,to cure mank9d ( ?is idolatry1 & secure ! wor%ip ( him :o made ! sun1 & ! :ole univ]se1 ,moses1 by ,div9e direction1 appo9t$ ! la/ day ( ! week to be ! ,jewi% sabba?4 ,we may also /ate1 t ! reason :i* ,god has assign$ = sanctify+ ! sev5? day to be ! ,jewi% sabba?1 namely1 8 creat+ ! _w 9 six days1 & re/+ ! sev5?1 n only conc]ns ! ,jews1 b also ! ,hea!ns1 :o are equally b\nd to rememb] & adore _! ,creator4 ,h5ce ! ,/rang]s1 or ,g5tiles1 :o soj\rn$ among ! ,jews1 & 7 n oblig$ to keep ! c]emonial law1 7 b\nd to keep holy ! ,sabba?4 ,?us we p]ceive1 t ?is comm& is ( a moral nature1 &1 !re=e1 ( univ]sal & p]petual obligation4 ,! ,sabba? 0 in/itut$ f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 :ile all ?+s 7 p]fectly good1 & our fir/ p>5ts 7 innoc5t & adorn$ ) ! beauty ( hol9ess3 ev5 !n ! ,creator appo9t$ t ! sev5? day %\ld be employ$ 9 8 m imm$iate s]vice4 ,"s h ?\ght1 t !re is no express comm& = ! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba?1 till aft] ! *ildr5 ( ,israel _h come out ( ,egypt2 &1 !re=e1 t all ! obligations to obs]ve x mu/ be d]iv$ f ! law ( ,moses4 ,b ?is comm& 0 giv5 be=e s9 _h infect$ human nature1 consequ5tly previ\s to ! c]emonial law1 :i*1 9 all its p>ts1 0 contriv$ on acc\nt ( s91 & int5d$ to po9t to a ,savi\r3 = 9 a /ate ( innoc5ce1 !re c\ld be no propriety 9 ! adoption ( su* %ad[s & c]emonies4 ,nay1 z ,ar*bi%op ,u%] obs]ves1 ! appo9tm5t ( ! ,sabba? 0 n only be=e any "p ( ! c]emonial law1 b be=e any promise or pr$iction ( ,*ri/1 to :om all ! c]emonies ( ! law _h respect4 ,!re=e we may conclude1 t a comm& :i* 0 to be obs]v$ ?\gh man _h nev] s9n$1 & :i* /ood 9 full =ce f ! creation ( ! _w1 _c be made a "p ( ! c]emonial law1 :i* 0 n giv5 till aft] ! expiration ( #b1ejj ye>s4 ,?is is a duty incumb5t on all mank9d1 z is evid5t f ! reason & end ( its fir/ in/itution2 all m5 be+ alike ,god's creatures1 & z su* equally conc]n$ to wor%ip him & commemorate 8 works4 ,! ,sabba? is z obligatory on all succe$+ g5]ations ( m51 z x 0 =m]ly on ! ,jews1 or be=e ! ,mosaic economy1 on ! ,patri>*s & _! contempor>ies4 ,e creature ( ,god on e>?1 endu$ ) reason1 is oblig$ to sep>ate ?is day f 8 common "t1 & to keep x holy to ! ,"l4 ,:5 ! ,jewi% c]emonial law 0 abrogat$ by ,*ri/1 ! f\r? comm& cont9u$ 9 =ce1 & 0 obs]v$4 ,speak+ ( ! moral law1 our ,savi\r says1 8,?9k n t ,i am come to de/roy ! law or ! prophets4 ,i am n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil4 ,= v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,till heav5 & e>? pass1 "o jot or "o tittle %all 9 no wise pass f ! law1 till all be fulfill$40 ,n[ if n "o yod1 ! smalle/ lett] 9 ! ,hebrew alphabet1 or tittle1 or po9t1 1 ei!r mean+ ^? po9ts1 z a le>n$ au?or rem>ks1 :i* s]ve = v[els 9 ?is language1 if !y !n exi/$2 or ! apices1 or po9ts ( c]ta9 lett]s1 su* z re%1 or dale?1 he1 or *e?1 z ! *ange ( any ( ^! into ! o!r w\ld make a mo/ ess5tial alt]ation 9 ! s5se2 ,i say1 if n "o ( ^! 0 to pass f ! law1 surely n ! comm& :i* is ! longe/ ( all ! t51 is ! only "o to :i* a mem5to is prefix$1 & has m reasons to en=ce x ?an any ( ! o!r n9e6 ,yea1 s f> f aboli%+ ?is comm&1 our ,savi\r expla9s x1 9 ! case ( 8 disciples pluck+ ! e>s ( corn on ! ,sabba?2 :i* is a manife/ pro( t he int5d$ x to be cont9u$ = ! use ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,he also enjo9$ 8 disciples to pray1 :5 ,j]usalem %\ld be de/roy$1 :i* did n occur till =ty ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 & ! consequ5t aboli%+ ( all ! ,jewi% rites & c]emonies1 t _! flight might n be on ! ,sabba?-day4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w to ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 ! sev5? day ( ! week 0 ! ,sabba?3 ev] s9ce ! resurrection ( ,*ri/ f ! dead1 ! fir/ day ( ! week is ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?4 ,our ,savi\r1 :o is 8,"l ( ! ,sabba?10 *ang$ x f ! sev5? to ! fir/ day ( ! week2 :i* does n 9 ! lea/ d]ogate f ! honor & glory ( ,god4 ,if "o ,sabba? _h be5 aboli%$ & n ano!r in/itut$ 9 ! room ( x1 !n he w\ld lose ! honor ( public wor%ip1 :i* he has appo9t$ to be p]=m$ on t day4 ,h[ev]1 if !re be a great] "w ?an t ( creation to be rememb]$ & celebrat$1 to appo9t a day = t special purpose1 t5ds mu* m to advance ! glory ( ,god1 ?an if x %\ld be :olly neglect$4 ,& if 8all m5 %\ld honor ! ,son1 ev5 z !y honor ! ,fa!r10 !n x is exp$i5t t a day %\ld be set ap>t = ?is wor%ip1 namely1 ! day on :i* ,*ri/ re/$ f ! "w ( r$emption1 or1 z ! apo/le expresses x1 8ceas$ f 8 own works1 z ,god did f 840 ,9 alt]+ ! ,sabba?1 f ! sev5? to ! fir/ day ( ! week1 our ,savi\r display$ 8 sov]eign au?ority2 h]e9 he enjo9$ :at "t he w\ld h consecrat$ = 8 wor%ip "u ! ,gospel disp5sation1 z well z :at wor%ip he w\ld h p]=m$ on t day4 ,9 obs]v+ ! ,*ri/ian sabba?1 we express our fai? 9 a public mann]1 t ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle%1 & has complet$ ! "w ( our r$emption2 &1 consequ5tly1 t !re is a way prep>$ = our ju/ification1 access to ,god1 & hope ( f9d+ p>don1 acceptance1 sanctification1 & et]nal life4 ,& z all ! ord9ances ( ,gospel-wor%ip h a peculi> relation to ,*ri/1 x is prop] t ! "t 9 :i* !y are p]=m$ %\ld likewise h respect to him2 &1 !re=e1 ! fir/ day ( ! week is set ap>t 9 commemoration ( 8 f9i%+ ! "w ( our r$emption4 ,t ! ,sabba? 0 actually *ang$ f ! sev5? to ! fir/ day ( ! week1 appe>s f ! example ( ! apo/les1 :o1 aft] ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 celebrat$ t day z a ,sabba?4 ,x 0 on ! fir/ day ( ! week t ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 p\r$ d[n 9 a mo/ miracul\s mann] on ! apo/les1 to qualify !m = ! m9i/ry1 & r5d] !m fit in/rum5ts = propagat+ ,*ri/ianity 9 ! _w4 ,:ile ,/4 ,paul 0 at ,troas1 we read1 t 8^u ! fir/ day ( ! week1 :5 ! disciples came toge!r to break bread10 i4e4 to receive ! ,holy ,sacram5t1 8,paul prea*$ unto !m40 ,?is 0 n a private1 b a public meet+ ( ! ,*ur*2 nor 0 x a day occasionally appo9t$ by ! apo/le1 b ! /at$ "t ( _! meet+2 & x 0 usual = ! ,*ri/ians on _! ,sabba? to receive ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,! apo/le _h cont9u$ at ,troas sev5 days2 :y did !y n meet toge!r1 & he prea* to !m1 on ! sev5? day ( ! week8 because x 0 no long] ! ,sabba?1 b *ang$ to ! fir/ day4 ,x 0 on ! fir/ day ( ! week t ! primitive ,*ri/ians made collections = ! poor4--8,n[ conc]n+ ! collection = ! sa9ts1 z ,i h giv5 ord] to ! *ur*es ( ,galatia1 ev5 s d ye4 ,^u ! fir/ day ( ! week let e "o ( y lay by him 9 /ore z ,god ha? prosp]$ him1 t !re be no ga!r+s :5 ,i come40 ,e man at ! conclusion ( ! week1 0 to ca/ up 8 weekly e>n+s1 & see h[ mu* ,god _h prosp]$ him2 & !n to br+ a "r proportion1 on ! fir/ day ( ! week1 z is mo/ likely1 to ! *ur* or assembly1 t x might be put 9 ! common treasury4 ,?us x appe>s1 z a le>n$ comm5tator rem>ks1 t ! fir/ day ( ! week1 :i* is ! ,*ri/ian sabba?1 0 ! day on :i* _! pr9cipal religi\s meet+s 7 held 9 ,cor9?1 & ! *ur*es ( ,galatia2 &1 consequ5tly1 9 all o!r places :]e ,*ri/ianity _h prevail$4 ,! apo/le ,john speaks ( ! ,"l's day1 8,i 0 9 ! _s on ! ,"l's day40 ,he calls x ! ,"l's day1 because on x ,jesus ,*ri/ rose f ! dead1 & _h appo9t$ x to be ! ,*ri/ian sabba?3 ?us "o ,gospel ord9ance is call$ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 f its hav+ be5 in/itut$ by ,*ri/4--,if any %\ld inquire :5 x 0 t ,*ri/ gave in/ruction to 8 apo/les conc]n+ ! *ange ( ! ,sabba?2 we may reply1 t x 0 9 t int]val ( "t1 dur+ :i* he 8%[$ himself alive aft] 8 passion by _m infallible pro(s1 be+ se5 ( !m =ty days1 & speak+ ( ! ?+s p]ta9+ to ! k+dom ( ,god20 ( :i* we may reckon ! *ange ( ! ,sabba? to h be5 "o4 ,b if ?is %\ld n be deem$ suffici5tly satisfactory1 we h ! highe/ reason to conclude1 t in=mation 0 giv5 to ! apo/les by ! inspiration ( ! ,holy ,_s1 :om ,*ri/ _h promis$ to s5d !m1 & t %\ld guide !m into all tru?4 ,& surely !re c\ld n h be5 a m prop] day fix$ on = ! ,*ri/ian sabba?2 & :i* ! ,*ri/ian *ur* has ev] s9ce cont9u$ to obs]ve1 & ( :i* ,god himself has signifi$ 8 approbation4 ,& z ! reason ( ! *ange n[ /&s1 we c nei!r obs]ve ! ,jewi% sev5?-day ,sabba?1 )\t dis[n+ ! r$emption :i* ,*ri/ has accompli%$ = u2 nor c we refuse to comply ) ?is alt]ation1 & keep holy ! ,"l's day1 )\t a manife/ contempt n only ( our ,creator1 b ( our graci\s & m]ciful ,r$eem]1 :o1 on ?is day ( ! week1 rose f ! dead1 & !reby confirm$ our r$emption f s91 ,satan1 spiritual ?raldom1 & ev]la/+ mis]y4 ,z ! r$emption ( ! ,jews out ( ,egypt 0 typical ( our r$emption by ,*ri/1 & ! ,jews on _! ,sabba? 7 to keep _! deliv]ance 9 remembrance2 s surely ,*ri/ians are "u ! greate/ obligations on ! fir/ day ( ! week to rememb] _! r$emption by ,*ri/4 ,on ?is day our bless$ ,savi\r rose f ! dead1 & 8 resurrection is a demon/rative evid5ce t ! ,supreme ,judge is fully satisfi$1 & become ! ,god ( peace4 ,!re is no disp5s+ ) ! honor ( ! moral law1 no rec$+ f ! sacr$ rights ( ju/ice4 ,! ob$i5ce & dea? ( ,*ri/1 z our surety1 7 su* z ! law & ju/ice requir$2 & by :i* ! honor ( ,god is secur$1 & ( :i* he has mo/ expressly decl>$ 8 acceptance4 ,:5 ,*ri/ _h laid d[n 8 life1 9 z ignom9i\s dea?1 :i* 0 all t ! law & ju/ice c\ld insi/ on1 ,god himself unloos$ ! fett]s ( ! grave1 ?rew op5 ! prison door1 & 9 8 resurrection f ! dead1 gave an evid5t & solemn te/imony ( 8 approval4 ,?is 0 ! accompli%m5t ( ! words ( ! prophet1 8,he 0 tak5 f prison1 & f judgm5t20 releas$ & dis*>g$1 9 full evid5ce t he _h made satisfaction1 & t ,god _h accept$ ! paym5t at 8 h&s4 ,! apo/le rem>ks on ?is important po9t1 8,:om ,god ha? rais$ up1 hav+ loos$ ! pa9s ( dea?3 because x 0 n possible t he %\ld be hold5 ( x40 ,n possible1 z x is n j or righte\s t a prison]1 :o has satisfi$ e dem& t ! law has on him1 %\ld be kept long] 9 prison4 ,! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 !re=e1 0 an op5 & au!ntic ackn[l$gm5t1 t ,god1 consid]$ z ! moral ,gov]nor & ,supreme ,judge ( mank9d1 acquiesc$ 9 8 dea?1 z a prop]1 full1 & p]fect satisfaction to ,div9e ju/ice = s94 ,h5ce he is repres5t$1 9 rais+ ,*ri/ f ! dead1 z act+ "u ! peculi> "* ( ! ,god ( peace4 8,n[ ! ,god ( peace1 t br\ght aga9 f ! dead our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 t great %eph]d ( ! %eep1 ?r\gh ! blood ( ! ev]la/+ cov5ant40 ,:at a delightful view does ?is pres5t ( ! resurrection ( ,*ri/--a ris5 ,savi\r1 & a reconcil$ ,god6 ,h[ safely may m5 tru/ 9 ! "o1 & ) :at humble confid5ce may !y apply to ! o!r1 = p>don1 hol9ess1 & heav54 ,) :at holy joy %\ld !y on ! ,"l's day call to remembrance 8 resurrection1 & m$itate on ! greatness ( 8 love 9 %$d+ 8 blood = 8! remission ( s9s10 & to secure = !m ev]la/+ happ9ess4 ,! ard5t desire he manife/$ = our welf>e 0 n ext+ui%$1 or ev5 abat$1 by ! mo/ disc\rag+ consid]ations3 n by ! unwor?9ess ( ^? :o 7 ! objects ( 8 compassion2 n by ! ?\ghts ( obscur+ 8 ,div9e glory ) frail humanity2 n by ! prospect ( be+ expos$ to ! contempt ( m5 & contradiction ( s9n]s2 n by ! view ( meet+ ) v ungrateful usage f 8 fri5ds1 & fall+ "u ! mo/ bitt] p]secutions ( 8 enemies2 n by ! necessity1 aris+ f a cov5ant engagem5t1 ( suff]+ ! puni%m5t due to s91 & submitt+ to a mo/ ignom9i\s & pa9ful dea?4 ,9 opposition to ^! =midable ob/acles1 our bless$ ,r$eem] resolutely & immoveably p]sev]$ 9 8 b5evol5t design ( dy+ = u1 & !reby effect+ our salvation2 & :5 susp5d$ on ! cross1 he cri$1 8,x is f9i%$10 & gave up ! gho/4 ,= call+ ?is to remembrance1 0 ! ,*ri/ian sabba? in/itut$2 & if ! consid]ation ( ! love ( ,*ri/ 9 be+ 8deliv]$ = our (f5ces1 & ris+ aga9 = our ju/ification10 w n con/ra9 u to sanctify ! ,"l's day1 e o!r motive or reason w fail4 ,,! ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,punctuation has be5 /&>dis$4 ,italic text has be5 d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,*>act]s 9 small caps h be5 replac$ by all caps4 ,non-pr9table sup]scripts are repres5t$ by a c>et foll[$ by ! "*7s7 plac$ 9 1 i4e4 x#bc4 ,?is book 0 writt5 9 a p]iod :5 _m words _h n become /&>iz$ 9 _! spell+4 ,num]\s words h multiple spell+ v>iations or inconsi/5t hyph5ation 9 ! text4 ,^! h be5 left un*ang$ :ile obvi\s spell+ mi/akes h be5 repair$4 ,non-typical corrections are not$ bel[3 ,pg #eg - ,location ( footnote #cc 0 n m>k$ 9 ! orig9al text