,,note ,,to ,,! ,,ww] ,! tables on pages #de & #eh h be5 left z a replica ( ! orig9al because !re is no way to ensure a cle> read+ if ! size is r$uc$4 ,f>m] & ,dairyman ,edit$ by ,t4,d4 ,curtis4 ,,an ,,eight ,,page ,,mon?ly1 #f ,,columns #bj ,,in*es ,,long ,,to ,,! ,,page4 ,,! 99 ,,be/ 99 ,,& 99 ,,*eape/ 99 ,,pap] 99 ,,publi%$ ,,= ,,! ,dairy or ! ,f>m4 ,,x ,,keeps ,,up ,,) ,,! ,,times ,,& ,,gives ,,all ,,! ,,late/ ,,me?ods ,,& ,,ideas4 ,illu/ration ,price ,only #ej ,c5ts a ,ye>4 ,t4,d4 ,,curtis ,,sons1 - ,,syracuse1 ,n4,y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,higg91 ,,esq41 ,,liv]pool1 ,inv5tor ( ! ,higg9 ,improv$ ,process = manufactur+ ,salt1 an improvem5t 9 ?is indu/ry z important z ! ,bessem] process 9 ! manufacture ( /eel4 ,8 firm are ! own]s ( two ( ! l>ge/ salt works 9 ! ,*e%ire salt di/rict1 turn+ out imm5se quantities ( ?is article1 :i* !y %ip to all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,,! ,,higg9 ,,eureka ,,salt ,,co41 ,liv]pool1 ,engl&1 & #aaf ,reade ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,,us+ ,,poor ,,salt ,,to ,,season ,,good ,,butt] ,,is ,,l ,,us+ ,,poor ,,?read ,,9 ,,sew+ ,,good ,,clo?4 ,,higg9',s ,,eureka ,,engli% ,,high ,,grade ,,dairy 99 ,,& 99 ,,table 99 ,,salt ,illu/ration ,,gold ,,m$als ,,& ,,highe/ ,,aw>ds ,,at ,,! ,great ,fairs ( ! ,_w4 #a/ ,prize ,c5t5nial ,ex41 ,phila4 #ahgf ,ex4 ,univ]selle1 ,p>is #ahgh ,dairy ,%[1 ,london #ahgi ,dairy ,%[1 ,dubl9 #ahgi ,int]national ,exposition1 ,melb\rne #ahha ,int]national ,exhibition1 ,adelaide #ahha ,dairy ,%[1 ,london #ahhb ,int]national ,exhibition1 ,new ,zeal& #ahhb ,dairy ,%[1 ,london #ahhc ,dairy ,%[1 ,london #ahhd ,_w's ,indu/rial & ,cotton ,c5t5nial ,ex4 ,new ,orleans #ahhe ,ov] #ae1jjj 9 ,premiums 7 aw>d$ to p>ties us+ ,,higg9',s ,,eureka ,,salt 9 _! ,prize ,butt] & ,*eese at ! pr9cipal ,dairy ,fairs 9 ! ,u4,s41 c>ry+ sweep/akes & highe/ aw>ds :]ev] put 9 competition4 ,,eureka ,,salt has no equal 9 ,purity1 ,/r5g?1 ,flavor1 ,uni=m ,gra9 ( ,cry/al1 ,keep+ ,quality1 ,p]fect ,dryness & *eapness4 ,give x a trial & be conv9c$ ( its m]its4 ,,! ,,higg9 ,,eureka ,,salt ,,co41 7,,( ,,liv]pool1 ,,engl&7 ,(fice1 #aaf ,reade ,/reet1--- ,,new ,,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,j]seys--,,"o ,,ton #b1jjj1 ,,m>petro #c1ceb1 ,,boma #d1hcd4 ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,bee* ,,grove ,,f>m1 ,,bee* ,,grove1 ,,ind4 ,,h9ts --,,on-- ,,dairy+4 ,,by ,t4,d4 ,,curtis4 ,complete success 9 dairy+ dep5ds on "r conditions4 ,,syracuse1 ,n4,y4 ,,publi%$ ,,f ,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,f>m] ,,& ,,dairyman4 #ahhe4 ,,copyright$ ,,9 ,,! ,,ye> #ahhe ,,by ,t4,d4 ,,curtis4 ,,preface4 ,x 0 int5d$ by ! ,au?or to publi% an exhau/ive practical "w on ,dairy+4 ,b 8 "t 0 s occupi$ by o!r matt]s t he 0 compell$ to ab&on ! idea4 ,mu* ( ! foll[+ pages 0 writt5 :ile travel+1 ! int]vals ( wait+ at hotels & railroad /ations be+ devot$ to ?is "w4 ,b on rep]us+ ! *apt]s z !y appe>$ 9 ! columns ( ! ,,f>m] ,,& ,,dairyman1 & mak+ slight additions1 he has conclud$ to give !m to ! ,dairy ,public 9 _! pres5t =m1 believ+ t !y may be ( "s assi/ance to ! tyro1 & p]haps af=d a h9t1 "h & !re1 to ! dairyman ( m exp]i5ce :o wi%es to keep abrea/ ( 8 fell[s 9 ! m>* ( progress4 ,?is little book is n int5d$ to sup]s$e any o!r "w on ! subject1 b to play ! "p ( an auxili>y & pres5t 9 a cond5s$ =m ! pi? :i* ! read] might n h "t to get f a m elaborate volume4 ,! favor ) :i* 8 ,h9ts on ,*eesmak+--n[ out ( date--0 receiv$1 gives ! au?or confid5ce t 8 lat] ef=t may s]ve to fill a place t n[ rema9s unoccupi$4 ,provid5ce seems to h select$ him z "o ( ! labor]s 9 ?is field ( education1 & he consci5ti\sly devotes a portion ( 8 en]gies to ! s]vice ) envy t[>d none1 b ent]ta9+ ! hope t 8 mite may n be unacceptable among s _m l>g] contributions4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,dairy+4 ,,hi/orical4 ,dairy+ runs back to a p]iod 9 ! developm5t ( ! human race ( :i* we h no record4 ,man e>ly le>n$ to n only slay animals & eat _! fle%1 b to appropriate to himself ! food belong+ to _! "y--a trait ( selfi%ness :i* he has n yet ov]come1 & ev5 manife/s by prey+ 9 v>i\s ways ^u 8 fell[s4 ,we h 9 ! _w l>ge classes :o add no?+ to its real weal?1 b live & luxuriate on ! fat ( ! e>? by draw+ ! results ( labor f ! toil]s ?r\gh cunn+ly devis$ s*emes ( f9ance1 bus9ess & gov]nm5t4 ,,9 ,,asia4 ,away back 9 ! dimness ( antiquity1 ( :i* ev5 tradition gives no h9t1 comp>ative philology %[s u t a civiliz$ race1 n[ kn[n z ! ,aryan race1 dwelt on ! /eppes ( ,c5tral ,asia1 & t ! ox & ! c[ con/itut$ _! *ief means ( subsi/5ce4 ,!y liv$ 9 simple peace & innoc5ce1 _! language hav+ no t]ms ( w> & /rife4 ,b !re came a "t :5 sep>ation began & migration foll[$4 ,!y 7 scatt]$ to ! f\r corn]s ( ! ,ea/]n ,cont95t1 & _! desc5dants n[ con/itute ! progressive nations ( ! e>?4 ,! p>5t nation appe>s to h utt]ly p]i%$ 9 giv+ bir? to ! nations ( ! future4 ,no trace ( x is left1 save ! remnants ( its language inh]it$ by its *ildr52 b !y furni% indisputable evid5ce ( a common p>5tage4 ,,among ,,! ,,jews4 ,our e>lie/ au!ntic records ab\t ! dairy are ( ! use ( milk & its products among ! ,jews4 ,we are told1 9 ! #h? v]se ( ! #ah? *apt] ( ,g5esis1 t :5 ,abraham ent]ta9$ ! ?ree /rang]s1 he took butt] & milk1 & ! calf :i* he _h dress$1 & set x be=e !m4 ,moses1 9 8 song1 z record$ 9 ! #bc;d *apt] ( ,deut]onomy1 #ad? v]se1 says ( ,jacob t ! ,"l1 among o!r ?+s1 gave him to eat butt] ( k9e & milk ( %eep4 ,deborah1 :o decl>es 9 h] song t ! />s 9 _! c\rses did fight aga9/ ,sis]a1 :o 0 ent]ta9$ & sla9 by ,jael1 says ( ! murd]ess 7,judges1 #be? v]se & #h? *apt]7 he ask$ wat] & %e gave him milk1 %e br\ght =? butt] 9 a lordly di%4 ,9 ! #ag? *apt] & #e? v]se ( #b;d ,samuel1 ! writ] tells u t ,david & 8 p1 aft] ! battle 9 ! wood ( ,ephraim1 7 giv5 honey & butt]1 & %eep & *eese ( k9e1 to eat4 ,zoph>1 9 ! #bj? *apt] ( ,job1 #ag? v]se1 decl>es ( ! wick$ hypocrite1 :o ha? swall[$ d[n ri*es1 t 8 triumph is %ort1 & he %all n see ! riv]s1 ! floods1 ! brooks ( honey & butt]--:i*1 we inf]1 are design$ = ! righte\s2 & ,job 7#bi? *apt] & #f? v]se7 bemoans ! loss ( 8 =m] prosp]ity1 :5 ,i wa%$ my /eps ) butt]4 ,9 ! #ee? ,psalm1 #bd? v]se1 ,david says ( 8 enemy t ! words ( 8 m\? 7 smoo!r ?an butt]4 ,solomon appe>s to h und]/ood ! :ole bus9ess4 ,9 ,prov]bs1 #cj? *apt] & #cc;d v]se1 he exclaims3 ,surely1 ! *urn+ ( milk br+e? =? butt]4 ,isaiah1 9 ! #g? *apt] & #ae? v]se1 decl>es ( ! com+ ,immanuel1 t butt] & honey %all he eat2 & aga9 7#bb;d v]se7 t = ! abundance ( milk t !y %all give he %all eat butt]4 ,,9 ,,s\!rn ,,europe4 ,*amb]s says3 ,9 anci5t times1 ! ,hebrews seem to h made copi\s use ( butt] z food2 b ! ,greeks & ! ,romans us$ x only z an o9tm5t 9 _! ba?s1 & x is probable t ! ,greeks obta9$ _! k ( ! subject f ! ,scy?ians1 ,?racians1 & ,phrygians1 :il/ ! ,romans obta9$ x ( ,g]many4 ,?is w\ld indicate t ! ,g]mans at t "t 7 engag$ 9 dairy+4 ,b1 ev5 n[1 9 ,s\!rn ,europe1 butt] is sp>+ly us$1 & 9 ,italy1 ,spa91 ,portugal & ,s\!rn ,france1 x is sold by apo!c>ies z an o9tm5t4 ,dairy+ is n[ ext5sively c>ri$ on 9 all ! c\ntries ( ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,:5 ! e>ly settl]s ( ,am]ica cross$ ! ,atlantic1 !y br\ght ) !m _! favorite dome/ic animals1 includ+ ! family c[4 ,b dairy+ = a long "t1 9 ?is c\ntry1 appe>s to h be5 conf9$ ma9ly to produc+ supplies = ! family ( ! dairyman4 ,x 0 n until q a rec5t date t dairy+ sprang into comm]cial importance4 ,b1 to-day1 dairy+ _c be consid]$ second to any o!r indu/ry z to ei!r magnitude or importance2 & x is a pat5t fact t1 9 ^? sections :]e dairy+ is mo/ ext5sively & successfully c>ri$ on1 ! f>m+ population is ! mo/ prosp]\s & happy4 ,)9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 s9ce associat$ dairy+ has be5 introduc$1 great progress has be5 made 9 ! dairy--b n great] ?an 9 _m o!r occupations1 nor out ( proportion ) ! gr[? ( population4 ,! gr[? ( ! dairy w probably nev] exce$ ! gr[? ( population s long z ! pres5t heavy tide ( immigration cont9ues to set t[>d our %ores4 ,,figures ,,f ,,! ,,c5sus4 ,let u ref] to ! c5sus ( #ahhj1 & note ! developm5t ( ! dairy dur+ ! previ\s #cj ye>s3 ,by ! c5sus ( #ahej1 we _h #f1che1jid c[s1 & produc$ #cad1cde1cjf p\nds ( butt]1 & #aje1ece1hic p\nds ( *eese--a total ( #dah1hha1aii p\nds ( product4 ,by ! c5sus ( #ahfj1 we _h #h1ehe1gce c[s1 & produc$ #dei1fha1cgb p\nds ( butt]1 & #ajc1ffc1ibg p\nds ( *eese--a total ( #efc1cde1bii p\nds ( product4 ,by ! c5sus ( #ahgj1 we _h #h1ice1ccb c[s & produc$ #ead1fib1fhc p\nds ( butt]1 & #afb1ibg1chb p\nds ( *eese--a total ( #fgg1fbj1jfe p\nds ( product--& ?is not)/&+ ! w> ( ! rebellion came 9 ?is decade4 ,by ! c5sus ( #ahhj1 we _h #ab1ddc1abj c[s1 & produc$ #hjc1ffb1jga p\nds ( butt]1 & #bdc1aeg1hej p\nds ( *eese--a total ( #a1jdi1hai1iba p\nds ( product4 ,,gr[? ,,9 ,,?irty ,,ye>s4 ,?is is an increase 9 annual product ( #fcj1idh1fbb p\nds 9 ?irty ye>s1 or #bab1jeg1ebc p\nds m ?an d\ble ! am\nt1 9 #ahhj1 t 0 manufactur$ 9 #ahej4 ,hi/ory records no p>allel to ?is any:]e on ! face ( ! globe4 ,let u put "s ( ^! figures into tabul> =m4 ,we _h 9 ,c[s ,inhabitants #ahhj #ab1ddc1abj to #ej1aee1ghc #ahej #f1che1jid to #bc1aia1hgf --------- ---------- ,increase 9 #cj ye>s #f1jeh1jbf #bf1ifc1ijg ,we did n q d\ble ! numb] ( c[s1 b consid]ably m ?an d\bl$ ! population4 ,! numb] ( inhabitants 01 9 #ahej #c4fc p] c[ #ahhj #d4jc ,! increase 9 #cj ye>s is 4#dj inhabitant to ea* c[4 ,t is to say1 ! population1 z comp>$ ) ! numb] ( c[s1 0 4#dj l>g] 9 #ahhj ?an x 0 9 #ahej4 ,,product ,,p] ,,c[ ,,& ,,p] ,,capita4 ,& n[ let u comp>e ! product p] c[ & p] capita4 ,x 0 9 ,lbs4 p] ,lbs4 p] c[ capita #ahej #dah1hha1aii lbs41 or #fe4gg or #ah4jf #ahhj #a1jdi1hbi1iba lbs41 or #hd4cg or #bj4ic ----- ----- ,increase 9 #cj ye>s #ah4fj #b4hg ,,home ,,consumption ,,vs4 ,,exports4 ,b x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t 9 #ahej v ne>ly all our dairy products 7 consum$ at home2 :]eas 9 #ahhj1 we export$ a l>ge am\nt4 ,z ! exports d n all come 9 ! ye> ( production1 we w take ! av]age am\nt ( exports = #ahgi & #ahhj3 ,lbs4 ,butt]4 ,lbs4 ,*eese4 ,exports1 #ahgi #ch1bdh1jaf #ada1fed1dgd #ahhj #ci1bcf1feh #abg1eec1ijg ---------- ----------- ,divid$ by #b7gg1dhd1fgd #bfi1bjh1cha ---------- ----------- ,ye>ly av]age #ch1gdb1ccg #acd1fjd1aij ,add butt] & *eese toge!r #ch1gdb1ccg ----------- ,we h a ye>ly av4 export ( #agc1cdf1ebg p\nds ( product4 ,if we take ?is f ! total product ( #ahhj #a1jdi1hbi1iba p\nds #agc1cdf1ebg p\nds ------------- we h #hgf1dhc1cid p\nds ( product = home consumption1 or m ?an five times z mu* z we export4 ,?is is a consumption ( #ag4dg p\nds p] capita = our #ej1aee1ghc inhabitants1 or 4#ei ( a p\nd less ?an 9 #ahej1 :5 x 0 #ah4fj p\nds p] capita4 ,does n ?is indicate ! folly ( cat]+ = a =eign m>ket to ! neglect ( our own8 ,,=ms ,,( ,,milk ,,consumption4 ,x is e/imat$ by good judges t #de p] c5t4 ( our milk product is consum$ 9 its natural /ate1 #ej p] c5t4 is us$ 9 butt] mak+1 & #e p] c5t4 is made into *eese4 ,! fact ( !re be+ a =eign dem& = s l>ge a proportion ( our *eese1 has l$ ev]ybody a/ray1 & magnifi$ ! *eese factory into ! position ( supreme importance4 ,,! ,,private ,,dairy ,,vs4 ,,! ,,factory4 ,let u aga9 turn to ! c5sus ( #ahhj1 & see h[ ! factory product comp>es 9 am\nt & importance ) ! product ( ! private dairy4 ,x appe>s by ! c5sus ( #ahhj t ! numb] ( p\nds ( dairy products made 9 factories 0 z foll[s3 ,*eese made 9 factories #bae1hhe1cfa lbs4 ,butt] #bi1daa1ghd ----------- ,total factory product #bde1cjg1ade lbs4 ,*eese made on f>ms #bg1bgb1dhi lbs4 ,butt] #ggg1bej1bhg ----------- ,total f>m product #hjd1ebb1ggf lbs4 ,d$uct factory product #bde1cjg1ade ----------- ,excess ( private dairy #eei1bae1fca lbs4 or consid]ably m ?an d\ble ! total factory product4 ,n[1 let u make a comp>ison by values1 call+ ! *eese #aj c5ts & ! butt] #be c5ts a p\nd4 ,we made 9 factories3 ,*eese1 #bae1hhe1cfa lbs41 #a,oc4 #ba1ech1ecf ,butt]1 #bi1daa1ghd lbs41 #be;c4 #g1ceb1idf ---------- ,value ( factory product #bi1ida1dhb ,!re 0 made 9 ! private dairies3 ,*eese1 #bg1bgb1dhi lbs41 #aj;c4 #b1gbg1bdi ,butt]1 #ggg1bej1bhg lbs41 #be;c4 #aid1cab1ega ----------- ,value ( private dairy products #aig1jci1hbj ,d$uct value ( factory products #bi1ida1dhb ----------- ,9 favor ( private dairy #afg1jih1cch ,9 %ort1 ! product ( ! private dairy is betwe5 ?ree & f\r times l>g] ?an t ( ! factory1 & ne>ly sev5 times its value4 ,important z ! factory is & is likely to become1 let u n =get ! private dairy nor ov]look ! home int]e/ 9 /riv+ = a little =eign patronage4 ,not)/&+ ! fault ) ! c5sus t is f\nd by "s1 ! c5sus is ! mo/ reliable s\rce ( /ati/ical in=mation ab\t ! dairy t we h4 ,,conditions4 ,x is n e novice t c take up ! bus9ess ( dairy+ & c>ry x on successfully2 yet1 "s ( our mo/ successful dairym5 are comp>ative novices 9 ! bus9ess4 ,quick obs]vation & s\nd judgm5t are important qualities 9 a dairyman4 ,^! qualities are n always acquir$ by long exp]i5ce1 b are (t5] ! g5]\s gifts ( nature4 ,h5ce1 x frequ5tly happ5s t m5 ( quick disc]nm5t /ep into a new bus9ess & a*ieve success :]e o!rs h met only ye>s ( failure4 ,improvem5ts 9 all call+s are apt to be made by %>p look]s-on1 :o are n br$ 9 ! habits ( r\t9ism1 nor prejudic$ aga9/ radical innovations4 ,!y see at a glance :]e ! plodd] fails1 & fe>lessly apply ! rem$y--(t5 a %ort-cut to ends t h hi!rto be5 rea*$ ) mu* difficulty & h>d labor4 ,& "h is :]e ! real inv5tor f9ds 8 greate/ field ( usefulness4 ,,pa/ures4 ,sweet pa/ures1 ) a v>iety ( nutriti\s grasses gr[+ 9 !m1 are ess5tials to success 9 dairy+--especially 9 butt] mak+--9 summ]4 ,bitt] & o!r mal flavor$ we$s mu/ be avoid$1 z !y flavor bo? ! milk & ! product manufactur$ f x4 ,! c[s mu/ n be worri$1 nor ov]-work$ 9 rambl+ ov] poor pa/ures to get suffici5t food4 ,,wat]4 ,pl5ty ( clean wat] mu/ be conv5i5tly at h& = ! c[s to dr9k4 ,! wat] mu/ be sweet & clean en\gh = ! human /oma*4 ,abundance ( su* wat] is m ess5tial 9 ! pa/ure--= ! c[s to dr9k :ile secret+ milk t conta9s #hg p] c5t4 ( wat]--?an x is 9 ! daily-h\se1 :]e a small am\nt ( wat] w answ]1 if ice is us$1 & h5ce c m easily be obta9$ pure4 ,,w9t] ,,food4 ,9 w9t]1 ! food mu/ be 9 prop] condition1 prop]ly balanc$ betwe5 ! nitrog5\s & c>bonace\s mat]ials1 & 9 full supply--all ! c[ c dige/ & assimilate4 ,at lea/ "o ration a day %\ld include sweet ensilage1 roots1 or o!r succul5t food1 to aid 9 ! sep>ation ( ! butt] f ! cream by action ( ! *urn1 x hav+ be5 %[n t all dry fe$ n only r$uces ! fl[ ( milk1 b makes *urn+ sl[ & difficult1 leav+ a l>ge p]c5tage ( fat 9 ! butt]milk4 ,,! ,,/able4 ,:ile 9 /able1 ! c[ mu/ also h pl5ty ( pure air & sweet wat]1 & n be *ill$ 9 obta9+ ei!r4 ,)\t pure air1 ! c[ becomes debilitat$ & diseas$1 & ! milk impure & un:olesome4 ,impure wat] bo? ta9ts & corrupts ! product4 ,a prop] temp]ature--c]ta9ly above freez+--%\ld be kept up4 ,rememb]1 ! c[ /&+ /ill _c resi/ cold z %e c\ld if %e 7 free to move ab\t4 ,x is *eap] to build w>m /ables--always provid+ = p]fect v5tilation1 ! air com+ 9 at ! head & pass+ (f 9 ! re> ( ! c[--& ev5 to resort to artificial heat+1 ?an to compel ! c[ to burn an extra am\nt ( c>bonace\s food 9 h] sy/em to keep up ! temp]ature ( h] body4 ,n only is fuel *eap] ?an food1 b ! sy/em ( ! c[ _c devote to milk secretion ! en]gy :i* is exp5d+ 9 secret+ & consum+ fat to ma9ta9 a prop] am\nt ( vital heat4 ,,%elt]4 ,prop] %elt] 9 summ]1 f ! scor*+ rays ( ! mid-day sun1 & f beat+ /orms & w9ds1 is necess>y4 ,?is %\ld be easily accessible4 ,especially 9 e>ly spr+ & late fall d ! animals suff] sev]ely f exposure to ! cold w9ds & /orms ( all h\rs 9 ! tw5ty-f\r4 ,,dairy ,,h\se4 ,e dairyman %\ld h a good dairy h\se di/9ct f ! dwell+ ap>tm5ts4 ,x ne$ n1 necess>ily1 be a sep>ate build+1 b x %\ld n be subject to ! infl[+ ( odors f ! kit*5 & sitt+ rooms4 ,! dairy h\se %\ld be s con/ruct$ t ! temp]ature may at all times be kept "u p]fect control4 ,!re %\ld be no surr\nd+ cesspools or o!r malodor\s s\rces ( ta9t1 & ! v5tilation %\ld be free )\t p]ceptible drafts or curr5ts ( air4 ,no matt] :at me?od ( sett+ milk & *urn+ may be adopt$1 !re is a decid$ advantage 9 hav+ ! dairy h\se1 or any o!r work%op1 sep>ate f ! dwell+ ap>tm5ts1 s t ! "w ( ! "o %all 9 no way int]f]e ) ! "w ( ! o!r4 ,almo/ all dairym5 fail1 to "s ext5t1 9 n hav+ ! dairy h\se entirely sep>ate4 ,x w\ld co/ b little extra2 & until dairym5 look ^u ! bus9ess z _! life "w & build & plan accord+ly1 we ne$ n expect ! be/ possible success 9 dairy+4 ,,cleanl9ess4 ,cleanl9ess ev]y:]e & at all times is an absolute necessity4 ,!re is n ! lea/ dang] ( be+ too clean4 ,! writ] has nev] yet se5 a dairy )\t defects 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,yet1 mo/ p mean to be clean1 & suppose !y are4 ,lack ( in=mation is (t5 ! cause ( uncleanl9ess1 & habit goes a great way 9 mak+ p indiff]5t to untidy surr\nd+s4 ,x is safe to copy ! neat po9ts f\nd 9 e dairy1 z well z to avoid ! (f5sive ones4 ,z ,gov4 ,seym\r once said1 cleanl9ess is a comp>ative t]m4 ,x is well to keep mak+ comp>isons on ?is po9t1 until no unfavorable comp>isons ) anybody's dairy c be f\nd2 & ^! comp>isons %\ld ext5d to ! surr\nd+s ( ! c[s1 ! mann] ( milk+1 ! h&l+ ( ! milk1 ! cleans+ ( milk ut5sils1 & all ! processes ( manipulation f beg9n+ to end4 ,! dairy h\se %\ld n only look clean1 b be1 z x 71 fragrant ) neatness & sweetness4 ,& x is all-important t ! clo?+ & p]son %\ld be clean & neat to a fault4 ,a sweet temp]1 ev5 is no drawback4 ,,! ,,h]d4 ,( c\rse1 a ?or\gh k ( ! bus9ess mu/ be _h or be acquir$4 ,! prop] selection or re>+ ( dairy /ock is ess5tial to success4 ,! c[ %\ld n only be a good milk]1 b give milk suit$ to ! l9e ( dairy+ pursu$4 ,if *eese mak+ is ! object1 !re mu/ be a l>ge fl[ ( milk ri* 9 case9e4 ,9 butt] mak+1 a l>ge fl[ ( milk is n ess5tial1 b !re mu/ be a l>ge p]c5tage ( fat 9 x4 ,& ! bre$+ mu/ be su* z to keep up ! /atus ( ! h]d4 ,"s dep5d on pur*as+ c[s1 & ex]cise great c>e & judgm5t 9 s do+4 ,9 exceptional cases1 a h]d may be kept up 9 ?is way4 ,b somebody mu/ bre$ & re> good c[s1 or soon none c be _h at any price4 ,z a rule1 x may be said to be ! duty ( e dairyman to bre$ f ! be/ blood obta9able1 & to re> ! heif] calves f 8 be/ c[s4 ,unless ?is condition is fulfill$1 ! dairy z a :ole mu/ run d[n4 ,x is only by con/ant c>e & bre$+ f ! be/ t ! pres5t /atus c be ma9ta9$1 & possibly a little progress made4 ,x %\ld be ! ambition ( e dairyman to con/antly improve ! value ( 8 h]d1 & to make progress 9 e dep>tm5t ( 8 dairy1 :ile improv+ ! quality ( 8 product4 ,,dairy ,,/ock4 ,!re is no m important subject connect$ ) ! dairy ?an t ( ! selection & re>+ ( /ock4 ,! h]d is ! f\nta9 head4 ,if !re is failure "h !re is failure ev]y:]e4 ,_m a dairyman has rema9$ poor all 8 days because he sp5t 8 "t & en]gies on an unpr(itable h]d4 ,?is is ! fir/ ?+ to be look$ aft]4 ,! selection ( a h]d is a matt] ( bo? k & judgm5t--k ( ! *>act]i/ics ( bre$s & ( ! requisites ( a good dairy c[1 & judgm5t z to :e!r ! individual c[ 9 "q possesses ^! *>act]i/ics & requisites4 ,we w give "s ( ! g5]ally ackn[l$g$ *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t bre$s1 fir/ indicat+1 z f> z we c 9 words1 "s ( ! po9ts ( a good dairy c[4 ,,po9ts ,,( ,a ,,milk]4 ,! dairy c[ %\ld be deep & broad ?r\gh ! flank--deep] & broad] ?an ?r\gh ! %\ld]s--b mu/ h a comp>atively l>ge *e/1 giv+ capacity ( lungs & /oma*1 = %e mu/ h good dige/ive p[]s & inhale pl5ty ( fre% air4 ,h] hips %\ld be broad1 sett+ h] ?ighs well ap>t1 & h] ?ighs %\ld be r ?94 ,?is gives space = a l>ge udd]1 :i* is indisp5sable1 = x is unreasonable to expect a l>ge fl[ ( milk f an udd] ( small capacity4 ,! udd] %\ld be s(t & fle%less :5 empty1 & ext5d high up 9 ! re>4 ,x %\ld also ext5d well =w>d1 & f x %\ld ext5d fur!r =w>d l>ge1 protrud+ milk-ve9s4 ,if !y are d\ble & are crook$ & knotty1 all ! bett]4 ,^! ve9s c>ry (f ! blood aft] x has pass$ ?r\gh ! udd] & p]=m$ its "p 9 elaborat+ milk1 & _! size indicates ! am\nt ( blood employ$1 & by inf]5ce ! am\nt ( milk secret$4 ,s ! escut*eon1 :i* %\ld ext5d out on ! ?ighs & run ) ev5 edges & unbrok5 surface up to or ne> ! vulva1 is suppos$ to be "s indication ( ! ext5t ( ! art]ial sy/em t contributes blood = ! elaboration ( milk4 ,! neck %\ld be sl5d]1 tap] & ?91 ! horns small & sl5d]1 ! face di%+ or flat1 ! eyes wide ap>t & mild & intellig5t 9 expression1 ! muzzle broad :5 view$ f ! front b ?9 :5 view$ f ! side1 & ! lips ?ick & /rong4 ,a long1 sl5d] tail is indicative ( good bre$+4 ,a yell[ sk91 or "o :i* secretes an oily yell[ scurf--especially se5 9 ! e>s1 along ! back & at ! end ( ! tail--is consid]$ a sign ( milk ri* 9 fat4 ,! sk9 %\ld be s(t & pliable1 ! hair f9e1 & ! coat glossy4 ,we pref] r light to v d>k colors4 ,our obs]vation is t a black c[ nev] gives z ri* milk z "o 9 :i* ! :ite pr$om9ates4 ,9 o!r colors we h n not$ su* a diff]5ce4 ,view$ f ! front1 ! g5]al %ape ( ! c[ %\ld be a little w$g+--?9n] 9 front & ?ick] 9 ! re>4 ,view$ f ! side1 ! c[ %\ld tap] f re> to front1 ) ! upp] & l[] l9es g5]ally /raight1 ) little or no1 slope f ! rump to ! tail4 ,,dut*-,,friesian4 ,= g5]al or all purposes1 ! ,dut*-,friesian c[ is n excell$4 ,%e may be equal$1 b :]e is h] sup]ior8 ,we use ! "n ,dut*-,friesian because x expresses precisely :at we mean--! black & :ite cattle ( ,friesian orig9 :i* h be5 br$ pure 9 ,friesl& or ,nor? ,holl&1 & n ! cattle call$ ,hol/e9 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* h be5 pick$ up promiscu\sly 9 ! diff]5t prov9ces ( ,g]many1 because ( _! peculi> m>k+s1 b )\t ref]5ce to _! bre$+4 ,"s ( ^! may be pure br$1 b !y are liable to disappo9t ! hone/ pur*as]1 :o buys !m = & pays ! price ( pure bloods4 ,! ,dut*-,friesian c[ is l>ge1 readily takes on fle% :5 n 9 milk1 & !re=e makes spl5did beef4 ,%e is h>dy1 docile & easily c>$ =4 ,no o!r bre$ equals h] 9 yield ( milk4 ,h] milk is ( av]age ri*ness1 & %e gives s mu* ( x t x makes h] valuable z a butt] c[4 ,microscopi/s say ! fat globules 9 h] milk are v small4 ,?is makes x some:at difficult to sep>ate ! fats f ! milk = ! purposes ( butt] mak+4 ,?\gh ! fat globules are q uni=m 9 size1 x requires a long "t to raise ! cream by ! ord9>y me?ods1 & ! sep>ation is n complete2 b ?is makes ! skim-milk all ! m valuable = *eese mak+1 fe$+1 or to m>ket4 ,) ! c5trifuge1 !re w\ld be no difficulty 9 gett+ out all ! cream4 ,= m>ket1 or family use1 or = *eese mak+1 ! milk ( ! ,dut*-,friesian c[1 because ( ! sl[ness ) :i* ! cream sep>ates f ! milk1 is sup]ior4 ,x is ri* 9 case9e1 & !re=e v valuable = *eese mak+4 ,we c\ld n recomm5d any o!r bre$ ) great] confid5ce4 ,dut*-,friesian grades--! result ( us+ pure-blood$ ,dut*-,friesian bulls on common or o!r /ock--make v valuable dairy /ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,dut*-,friesian ,bull1 ,,mooie1 #bf ,d4,f4,h4,b4 ,prop]ty ( ! ,unadilla ,valley ,/ock ,bre$]s' ,association1 ,:ite/[n1 ,n4,y4 ,illu/ration3 ,dut*-,friesian ,c[1 ,,jacoba ,,h>tog1 #b ,d4,f4,h4,b4 ,prop]ty ( ! ,unadilla ,valley ,/ock ,bre$]s' ,association1 ,:ite/[n1 ,n4,y4 ,,! ,,j]sey4 ,p]haps z widely sep>at$ f ! ,dut*-,friesian c[ z any bre$ is ! ,j]sey4 ,%e c]ta9ly is ! smalle/ ( all z ! ,dut*-,friesian is ! l>ge/--unless we except ! ,%or?orn & ,h]e=d4 ,! ,j]sey gives a small mess ( milk1 b x is v ri* 9 fat1 & ! fat readily sep>ates f ! milk1 leav+ ! skim-milk v blue & poor4 ,x is n g5]ally consid]$ v ri* 9 case9e1 & x is !re=e z poor & wor?less z skim-milk well c be4 ,b1 consid]+ size1 ! ,j]sey is conc$$ to yield m butt] ?an any o!r bre$4 ,! cream globules are said to be v l>ge & v uni=m 9 size4 ,h5ce1 !y n only readily sep>ate f ! milk1 b *urn easily4 ,! ,j]sey is out ( ! "q z a beef animal1 !re is s little ( h] c>cass2 b we nev] he>d compla9t ( ! quality ( ! meat4 ,b lack ( beef qualities we d n consid] a v s]i\s objection 9 a dairy c[4 ,we get our pr(it f h] 9 ! dairy4 ,we _c reasonably expect all good qualities 9 "o animal or "o bre$4 ,nature is n[h]e ?us p>tial 9 h] gifts4 ,we f9d "s good quality pr$om9at+ 9 e "o ( ! sev]al bre$s1 & we mu/ select accord+ly to suit our l9e ( dairy+ & our circum/ances4 ,! ,j]sey is a fawn-l1 beautiful animal1 ) a mild eye & intellig5t face1 b usually has a q angul> frame1 z a consequ5ce ( h] excessive dairy qualities4 ,%e is r t5d]1 & _c be> ! exposure & h>% treatm5t t "s ( ! bre$s c4 ,b no animal ought to receive su* treatm5t4 ,k9dness & com=table qu>t]s are due to all dome/ic animals1 & su* c>e1 ) prop] fe$1 is ! mo/ pr(itable to ! own]4 ,! ,j]sey w n /& h>% usage2 b = ! man ( ref9$ ta/e & good judgm5t1 :o wants a nice ?+ & to turn out fancy goods1 %e is mo/ decid$ly ! c[1 & w n disappo9t him4 ,solid colors & black muzzles are ! fa%ion 9 ,j]seys1 b we are n aw>e t !re is any practical m]it 9 ^!4 ,!y h be5 br$ d[n 9 size1 to suit ! ta/e ( ! ,engli% ,"l1 :o wants !m z pets on 8 lawns4 ,?is is r aga9/ ?an 9 favor ( ! ,j]sey z a dairy c[1 z x mu/ ( necessity r$uce h] capacity = conv]t+ food into milk & cream4 ,,! ,,gu]nsey4 ,!re are b few ( ^! animals z yet 9 ?is c\ntry1 b ! few t h be5 import$ & br$ "h h prov$ v satisfactory & promis+4 ,!y are pale r$ or buff r$ & :ite4 ,! colors are ab\t 9 equal proportions1 ?\gh ! r$ may pr$om9ate4 ,!y are consid]ably l>g] ?an ! ,j]sey & possess all ! good qualities ( ! latt]4 ,inde$1 !re is pretty good evid5ce t ^! bre$s h ! same orig91 & t ! ,j]sey is ! ,gu]nsey br$ d[n 9 size & br$ also = solid colors4 ,! ,gu]nsey is j z beautiful 9 face & =m z ! ,j]sey1 & we ?9k r h>di] & possesses m capacity4 ,= all practical purposes1 we %\ld be incl9$ to give pref]5ce to ! ,gu]nsey1 :i* has no rival 9 h] l9e1 except ! ,j]sey4 ,?is bre$ c lay claim to "s beef qualities1 because ( its size4 ,x is de/9$ to become a popul> favorite 9 ! butt] dairy & z a family c[4 ,,! ,,ayr%ire4 ,?is bre$ is a great favorite ) _m4 ,x is small--sc>cely l>g] ?an ! ,gu]nsey--& is rem>kably nimble & h>dy1 ?riv+ on scant fe$ & 9 r\gh pa/ures :]e "s ( ! o!r bre$s w\ld />ve4 ,! ,ayr%ires are r$ or r$ & :ite & give a l>ge fl[ ( milk1 fairly ri* 9 case9e & 9 butt]4 ,! bre$ has its ph5om5al c[s1 bo? z milk]s & z butt] mak]s4 ,! cream globules ( ! milk are q irregul> 9 size1 & h5ce d n readily sep>ate f ! milk by ord9>y me?ods ( cream rais+4 ,b ?is fact makes ! milk all ! bett] = family use1 = m>ket+ & = ! *eese factory1 or = bo? butt] & *eese f ! same milk4 ,! ,ayr%ire1 l ! ,dut*-,friesian1 may be call$ a good g5]al purpose c[4 ,! greate/ objections to ?is bre$ h be5 its n]v\sness & its small teats2 b bo? ( ^! may be ov]come by g5tle treatm5t & c>eful bre$+--inde$1 h be5 ov]come 9 _m cases4 ,= r\gh1 hilly pa/ures1 !re is no bett] c[ ?an ! ,ayr%ire4 ,b al?\gh %e c /& "s h>d f>e1 %e responds quickly to g5tle & g5]\s usage4 ,well-select$ & well-br$ ,ayr%ires make a spl5did dairy h]d4 ,,! ,,%or?orn4 ,?is has long be5 a popul> bre$1 & !re may be said to be a /rong popul> prejudice 9 its favor4 ,its undisput$1 & p]haps unequal$1 beef qualities h be5 its /ronge/ recomm5d4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 orig9ally a mil* bre$1 & "s families ( ! bre$ are /ill h>d to excel = ! dairy4 ,b x is q difficult to select & ma9ta9 a milk+ /ra91 s long h ! ,%or?orns be5 br$ = beef & beauty1 & s effectually h ! milk+ qualities be5 br$ out ( !m4 ,9 "s ( ! beef families1 ! c[s d n give milk en\gh to support _! calves4 ,yet1 _m dairym5 cl+ to ?is bre$ & keep unpr(itable dairies because !y c get a good price = ! old c>cass z beef :5 ! c[ is no long] tol]able 9 ! dairy h]d4 ,?is is %ort-sight$ness1 & hold+ beef = m>ket too long & at too great a co/4 ,! pr(it %\ld be 9 ! dairy products1 :]e a dairy h]d is kept1 & beef %\ld be altoge!r a subord9ate consid]ation4 ,! ,%or?orn is usually r$ or roan1 & occasionally r$ & :ite1 ?\gh we always suspect o!r blood--,ayr%ire1 = in/ance--9 ! spott$ animals4 ,z a rule1 we d n consid] ! ,%or?orns z really pr(itable dairy c[s1 ?\gh !re are _m exceptions :]e a milk+ /ra9 is cultivat$4 ,b !re is no disput+ _! value = beef4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gu]nsey ,,bull1 ,,"l ,,f]nwood4 ,,prop]ty ,,( ,l4,w4 ,,l$y>d1 ,,f]nwood ,,f>m1 ,,caz5ovia1 ,n4,y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gu]nsey ,,c[1 ,,c\ntess ,,( ,,f]nwood4 ,,prop]ty ,,( ,l4,w4 ,,l$y>d1 ,,f]nwood ,,f>m1 ,,caz5ovia1 ,n4,y4 ,,! ,,devon4 ,?is is "o ( ! *oice/ & mo/ reliable ( ! dairy bre$s4 ,!y are uni=mly r$1 ( fair size1 h a sprightly appe>ance1 & reproduce _! l m c]ta9ly ?an any o!r bre$ t we "k4 ,z has be5 said1 !y are s prepot5t1 uni=m1 & di/9ct f ! o!r bre$s t !y may be call$ a race ( cattle4 ,_! hi/ory runs back hundr$s ( ye>s1 until x is lo/ 9 tradition & unc]ta9ty4 ,b orig9 & hi/ory are ( little consequ5ce1 s9ce x is ! liv+ fact--! cattle !mselves--t we h to deal )4 ,! c[s give a good siz$ mess ( milk--l>ge milk]s h appe>$ among !m z among o!r bre$s--& _! milk is v ri*4 ,x is n z ri* z ! ,j]sey's & ! ,gu]nsey's milk1 b !re is m ( x1 & x approximates ! ri*ness ( ! milk ( ^! bre$s m closely ?an t ( any o!r4 ,h5ce1 !y are excell5t butt] c[s1 & ju/ly favorites among ^? :o are ! mo/ famili> ) !m & "k h[ to bre$ !m4 ,heal?y1 h>dy1 & easy to keep1 !y are adapt$ to almo/ any circum/ances1 & are excell5t z butt] or family c[s1 :ile ! males1 ow+ to _! activity & endurance1 make spl5did ox5--bo? useful & f9e look+4 ,!y make f9e beef & a fair am\nt ( x4 ,!y w\ld be useful animals = cross+ on ! common /ock & grades ( ! ,nor?we/1 :]e ! climate is rigor\s & bo? butt] & beef are objects ( importance4 ,z work]s1 !y w\ld be v useful !re4 ,!y w /& z mu* h>d%ip z any bre$ we h1 & z mu* z any bre$ ought to1 b w d bett] "u favorable ?an "u unfavorable circum/ances4 ,l all o!r bre$s1 !y respond readily to k9d & g5]\s treatm5t1 x be+ a univ]sal law t want & abuse are s\rces ( loss 9 ! keep+ ( /ock1 ! be/ results always foll[+ ! be/ treatm5t4 ,!y w d well on level1 hilly or r\gh pa/ures1 because ( _! nimbl5ess & endurance3 :ile ! c]ta9ty ( _! bre$+ makes x p]haps less difficult to p]petuate _! good qualities ?an is ! case ) any ( ! o!r bre$s4 ,9 %ort1 !y are ! mo/ prepot5t & uni=m ( all1 give a good-siz$ mess ( v ri* milk1 are easy to keep1 h>dy & active1 & fill a sph]e :i* x w\ld be difficult to fill )\t !m4 ,we d n "k h[ _! milk appe>s "u ! microscope1 b we judge f ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! animals t ! butt] globules are above ! av]age size & v uni=m4 ,h5ce ! cream rises readily1 is easily *urn$1 & makes a ri*-color$1 f9e-flavor$ butt]4 ,x is a little rem>kable t ! bre$]s ( ^! cattle h n succe$$ 9 gett+ up a boom2 b ! probability is t no /r5u\s & p]si/5t ef=t has be5 made 9 ?is direction4 ,_! sup]ior m]its are unque/ion$ & unque/ionable4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,hold]ness4 ,?is is a new bre$1 & its reputation is ma9ly ( a local "*4 ,b x is n )\t its repres5tatives 9 mo/ ( ! ,nor!rn & ,nor?we/]n ,/ates1 & its fame has travel$ q ext5sively1 consid]+ ! quiet & unpret5ti\s mann] 9 :i* x 0 orig9at$ & has be5 br$4 ,9 "s p>ticul>s x is ! mo/ uni=m ( ! bre$s1 ev5 m uni=m ?an ! ,devon4 ,especially is ?is true ( ! quality ( ! milk1 :i* is z uni=m ?r\gh\t ! h]d z if x 7 drawn f a s+le c[1 ! quality v>y+1 :]e ! keep is ! same1 only ) ! age ( ! c[1 & ! lapse ( "t s9ce calv+4 ,! yield ( milk1 ?\gh n excessive1 is l>ge & v ri*--almo/ equal to t ( ! ,j]sey & ,gu]nsey1 & q equal to t ( ! ,devon4 ,x *urns easily1 & ! butt] completely sep>ates f ! butt]milk1 r5d]+ a second *urn+ ( no avail4 ,?ree hundr$ p\nds p] c[ a ye> ( high-color$ & f9e-flavor$ butt] is a fair av]age = a h]d4 ,few1 ev5 ( select$ h]ds1 ( o!r animals equal ?is4 ,we are n aw>e ( ph5om5al milk]s among ! ,hold]ness cattle1 unless all c be call$ su*1 _! *ief *>act]i/ic be+ uni=mity4 ,!y bre$1 x may be said1 p]fectly true to type1 s t all are excell5t4 ,! reason = ?is uni=mity is pla91 & is f\nd 9 ! orig9 ( ! bre$ 9 ! close/ possible inbre$+ = ?irty ye>s4 ,!y orig9at$ f a c[ ) calf :i* 0 b\ght by ,mr4 ,truman ,a4 ,cole1 ( ,solsville1 ,n4,y41 ( a drov] :o _h j pur*as$ x at auction 9 ,knoxboro1 ,n4,y41 :]e a h]d ( pure-bloods1 because ( ! dea? ( ! own]1 _h be5 sold "u ! auctione]'s hamm]4 ,! c[ dropp$ a bull calf1 :i* 0 br$ to its "m1 !n to bo? "m & si/]2 & ?is sy/em ( close inbre$+1 ev5 sire to daught]1 z well z bro!r to si/]1 has be5 cont9u$ d[n to ! pres5t "t1 or = ?irty ye>s1 z be=e /at$4 ,?is has fix$ & int5sifi$ ! qualities1 & at ! same "t secur$ ! greate/ possible uni=mity & really e/abli%$ a bre$1 sep>ate & di/9ct f all o!rs4 ,?is is ! way 9 :i* all ! valuable bre$s h be5 e/abli%$1 & ?is is ! fir/ p]si/5t & successful ef=t at e/abli%+ a purely ,am]ican bre$ t has ev] be5 made4 ,:ile c>efully wat*+ results & select+ = bre$+ purposes1 ,mr4 ,cole has /eadily refus$ to be turn$ f 8 c\rse1 or to *ange 8 purpose ( e/abli%+ a uni=m butt] bre$1 & ( te/+ ! fallacy ( ! popul> notion ab\t ! injuri\s effects ( inbre$+4 ,8 ?irty ye>s ( ! close/ inbre$+ h %[n no su* disa/r\s effects1 b1 on ! contr>y1 h produc$ only good ones4 ,!re is no failure 9 =m or con/itution4 ,! only m>k$ ext]nal *ange1 save 9 secur+ ! greate/ uni=mity1 has be5 9 ! gradual *ange ( color4 ,! orig9al animals 7 pale r$ & :ite1 ! :ite be+ along ! back f ! %\ld]s to ! tail1 d[n ! h9d-qu>t]s1 & along ! belly to ! %\ld]s4 ,?is di/ribution ( ! light & d>k colors has rema9$ ess5tially ! same1 b ! light r$ gradually turn$ to d>k r$1 !n to br9dle & f9ally to black4 ,! lat] br$ animals are all black & :ite4 ,b ! calves1 :5 fir/ dropp$1 are /ill r$ & :ite1 ! r$ *ang+ to black :5 ! fir/ coat ( hair is %$4 ,?is is probably "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable cases ( inbre$+ on record1 z ! bre$ is also "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable4 ,all :o h tri$ ?is /ock are rem>kably well pleas$ ) x1 & calves readily sell = #ajj a head ) a dem& great] ?an ! supply--& ?is )\t any newspap] adv]tis+4 ,! bre$ is endors$ by ,mr4 ,lewis ,f4 ,all51 =m] editor ( ! ,%or?orn ,h]d-,book1 & au?or ( a "w on cattle t /&s second to none z au?ority4 ,?is endorsem5t has appe>$ 9 pr9t ov] ,mr4 ,all5's signature1 z h ! favorable op9ions ( _m o!r good judges4 ,9 ! late/ edition ( 8 book on ! ,cattle ( ,am]ica1 he says3 ,i nev] saw a m uni=m h]d ( c[s1 9 _! g5]al appe>ance & excell5ce1 :i* latt] quality !y daily prove 9 ! milk !y produce4 99 99 ,comp>$ ) ord9>y dairy h]ds1 ! uni=mity 9 yield te/ifies to _! purity ( bre$+ & managem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,hold]ness ,bull1 ,,lewis ,f4 ,,all51 at #af mon?s4 ,prop]ty ( ,t4,a4 ,cole1 ,solsville1 ,n4,y4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,hold]ness ,c[1 ,,adelaide #ag?4 ,prop]ty ( ,t4,a4 ,cole1 ,solsville1 ,n4,y4 ,col4 ,weld1 :o saw ^! cattle on exhibition at ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,fair1 held at ,utica 9 #ahgi1 said ( !m1 9 ! ,novemb] numb] ( ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/2 ,! cattle ( ?is ',cole-,hold]ness bre$' are ( good size & fair =m z beef animals4 99 99 99 ,!y are deep-bodi$1 ) l>ge udd]s & teats1 ) excell5t escut*eons1 great swoll5 & tortu\s milk-ve9s & sk9s z yell[ z ,gu]nsey's4 ,! int]ior ( _! e>s 0 almo/ l orange-peel4 ,! butt] made f _! milk 99 99 99 %[$ admirable color & keep+ qualities4 99 99 99 ,c\ld we te/ ! v>i\s bre$s ( cattle1 ) ! view ( det]m9+ ) accuracy :i* is ! mo/ pr(itable dairy c[ = all purposes--butt]1 *eese1 veal1 & ultimately beef--giv+ to ea* its fair weight 9 ! scale ( excell5ce1 ,i w\ld n be surpris$ if ,mr4 ,cole's bre$ w\ld w9 ! di/9ction ( be+ ! mo/ useful ( all4 ,,inbre$+4 ,a ^w "h ab\t inbre$+ w n be out ( place4 ,x may be disa/r\s1 or x may be b5eficial4 ,s also may be cross+ or grad+4 ,! evil z well z ! good qualities are develop$ & int5sifi$4 ,l begets l4 ,c\ple animals hav+ ! same bad po9ts1 & ^! po9ts w be increas$ & /r5g!n$4 ,c\ple ^? ) good po9ts1 & correspond+ results foll[--t is1 ! good are increas$ & /r5g!n$4 ,b if "o animal has "o po9t to excess1 s z to become a de=mity1 & ! o!r is de=m$ by lack ( ?is same po9t1 x is bo? safe & advantage\s to bre$ !m toge!r1 z ! result is likely to be a m$ium betwe5 ! two4 ,s1 :atev] ! mann] ( bre$+--inbre$+1 cross+ or grad+--! good or evil results dep5d altoge!r on ! *>act]i/ics ( ! animals c\pl$4 ,inbre$+ int5sifies & fixes ! qualities1 be !y good or bad4 ,,swiss4 ,!re h be5 a few importations ( ,swiss cattle1 :i* are %ort-legg$ & /rong-bon$1 & h5ce well adapt$ to hilly regions4 ,"s ( ^! h made spl5did butt] records--f #ejj to ov] #gjj p\nds ( butt] 9 a ye>4 ,we %\ld h great hopes ( !m = ! m\nta9\s sections ( our c\ntry2 b z yet importation & bre$+ ( ?is /ock is n ext5sive en\gh to p]mit ( _! availability to any consid]able ext5t = dairy purposes4 ,,poll$4 ,! poll$ or hornless cattle are great favorites ) "s ( ! ,we/]n p1 & an ef=t is made to get up a boom on !m4 ,b !y n only lack 9 numb]s1 b 9 ! ess5tial quality ( a l>ge fl[ ( milk1 or ( a v ri* "o4 ,! be/ in=mation we c get does n indicate usefulness = ! dairy4 ,nei!r d !y excel sev]al ( ! o!r bre$s = beef4 ,_! *ief recomm5d appe>s to be _! de/itution ( horns1 :i* 9 our eye is f> f a m>k ( beauty4 ,x gives !m a sort ( bald1 unf9i%$ look t is any?+ b pleas+4 ,we pref]1 = looks1 %ort1 well-turn$ horns4 ,b ( c\rse1 )\t horns !re is no hook+1 b pu%+ is by no means avoid$4 ,besides1 9 "s cases we h kn[n a lack ( horns to make x difficult to fa/5 ! animals 9 /an*ions or ) ropes4 ,?is may n be true ( ! c[s2 b we 7 cognizant ( an in/ance on ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,fair gr\nds :]e a poll$ bull 0 con/antly gett+ loose4 ,8 neck 0 s ?ick t he c\ld slip 8 head ?r\gh any place n tight en\gh to *oke him4 ,z to disposition1 we presume ! lack ( horns w\ld n make ! bulls any m amiable4 ,h[ev]1 we h no?+ to say aga9/ ?is k9d ( /ock1 & w\ld advise all :o l !m to keep !m4 ,if horns are objectionable1 x is easy to prev5t !m f gr[+ on any /ock by remov+ ! fir/ appe>ance ( !m on ! calf4 ,?is c be done )\t mu* pa9 to ! calf & )\t mu* tr\ble to "o :o kn[s h[ to d x4 ,x1 z we und]/&1 requires no great skill1 & c h>dly be said to come "u ! head ( cruelty to animals4 ,x is no?+ l z pa9ful z ca/ration4 ,,h]e=ds4 ,! ,h]e=ds are hav+ q a boom 9 ! ,we/1 b x is n z dairy /ock1 b z sup]ior = beef4 ,we h se5 no /rong claims put 9 = !m = dairy purposes4 ,! few we h se5 did n seem to indicate any great dairy qualities1 nor h any ( ! num]\s portraits we h se5 publi%$ borne ! m>ks ( dairy /ock4 ,b ! claim ( beef qualities we believe is well f\nd$4 ,_! great rivals 9 ?is l9e are ! ,%or?orns4 ,,common ,,/ock4 ,we h n m5tion$ ! s-call$ ,native /ock z a dairy bre$1 because x is n a bre$1 b a mixture ( bre$s--crazy-quilt /ock4 ,we w\ld n be und]/ood z consid]+ x ( no value = dairy purposes1 = :5 c>efully select$1 a dairy h]d ( common /ock may be v valuable4 ,great milk]s & great butt] mak]s are n uncommon among !m2 b !re is su* a mixture ( blood 9 _! ve9s t !re is no gu>antee ( _! produc+ _! l4 ,!y orig9ally sprang f ! be/ animals t ! e>ly emigrants c\ld select to br+ ov] ) !m f ,europe4 ,b !y 7 subsequ5tly cross-br$ s promiscu\sly t no trace ( ! orig9al blood c be discov]$ ) any c]ta9ty4 ,!y 7 also subject$ to great exposure & h>d%ip1 ) scanty food1 :i* _h a greatly det]iorat+ t5d5cy4 ,b1 p]haps wor/ ( all1 !re 0 no c>eful selection ( males = bre$+ purposes1 nor any attempt at judici\s c\pl+ = improvem5t1 or = ev5 ! ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ /atus4 ,9 %ort1 ! entire treatm5t & all ! surr\nd+s _h a det]iorat+ influ5ce & a t5d5cy to ! production ( scrubs4 ,if we 7 to take all ! exi/+ pure-blood /ock & bre$ x toge!r promiscu\sly1 :ile at ! same "t subject+ x to h>% treatm5t & neglect1 x w\ld n require a v long p]iod to r$uce x to ! same mongrel & scrub condition 9 :i* we n[ f9d ! common /ock ( ! c\ntry4 ,yet "s ( our common /ock make excell5t crosses1 :5 pure-blood males are us$4 ,b no improvem5t or valuable results c\ld come f us+ common /ock bulls on pure-blood or o!r c[s4 ,! male has ! controll+ influ5ce1 & to ! con/ant use ( pure-blood males mu/ we look = ! improvem5t ( ! common /ock ( ! c\ntry & = ! ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ /atus ( ! pure-bloods2 & n only mu/ we use pure-blood males1 b keep up a con/ant & c>eful selection ( ! be/4 ,nei!r %\ld we tru/ to cross-br$ or grade bulls = bre$+ purposes2 = ! prog5y w inh]it ! traits ( ance/ors on "o side or ! o!r1 & h5ce w lack 9 uni=mity1 bo? 9 appe>ance & 9 quality4 ,:5 we use a grade bull1 ! result is j ! opposite ( :at x is :5 we use a pure blood4 ,) ! latt]1 we get half-bloods1 !n qu>t]1 !n eigh?s1 sixte5?s1 ?irty-seconds1 & s on1 t[>d pure blood2 b ) a half-blood grade bull1 ! fir/ (fspr+ f common /ock has only "o-f\r? pure blood1 ! next cross has only "o-eigh?1 ! ?ird "o-sixte5? pure blood1 & s on--r$uc+ ! purity 9 ! same ratio z ! use ( pure blood improves x--if we cont9ue to bre$ f ! grade male (fspr+4 ,if we always use a half-blood male1 !re may be a slight improvem5t 9 ! blood4 ,b ! improvem5t is too sl[ & ! b5efit too unc]ta9 to make ! use ( a grade bull advisable :5 a pure blood c be _h4 ,,bre$+ ,,dairy ,,/ock4 ,hav+ briefly glanc$ at ! *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t bre$s1 x w n be out ( place to say a few words ab\t bre$+ & re>+ dairy /ock4 ,!re are ?ree ?+s to be consid]$3 #a4 ,selection4 #b4 ,c\pl+4 #c4 ,c>e4 ,,selection4 ,by selection1 we mean n only ! selection ( ! bre$ adapt$ to ! l9e ( dairy+ pursu$1 b ! selection ( ! individual animals to bre$ & re> animals f1 & especially ! bull to be us$ on ! h]d4 ,?is male %\ld h a good p$igree--t is1 be ! l9eal desc5dant ( animals kn[n to possess ! qualities desir$ 9 ! future h]d4 ,?is is all-important2 = h[ev] well-=m$ & comely he may be1 he w transmit ! qualities ( 8 ance/ors z surely z l begets l4 ,?is fact c nev] be safely ignor$4 ,milk & butt] qualities1 9 a dairy h]d1 mu/ take prec$5ce ov] beauty ( =m1 h[ev] desirable ! latt] may be4 ,! c[s to re> /ock f %\ld be select$1 z f> z possible1 on ! same pr9ciple4 ,p$igree is n ( z mu* consequ5ce 9 a c[1 s f> z practical results are conc]n$1 ?\gh x helps insure c]ta9ly 9 ! quality ( ! (fspr+ :5 t ( ! c[1 z well z ( ! bull1 is "r4 ,b we may safely v5ture on rais+ ! calves ( a good milk]1 z ! probabilities are t ! (fspr+ w inh]it ! qualities ( ! sire1 :ile x may also inh]it ! qualities ( ! dam1 ?\gh %e be ( ! mo/ mongrel or mix$ blood4 ,if !re is failure1 h[ev]1 x ne$ n g beyond t "o animal--unless an attempt is made to use a grade bull on a nondescript dam1 9 :i* case prepot5cy is weak5$ & mongrelism may %[ 9 ! (fspr+4 ,b grade bulls %\ld nev] be us$ :5 x is possible to h ! use ( ! "r k9d ( pure blood1 :i* is always /rong] ?an mix$ blood1 & h5ce a pure blood sire is pretty sure to transmit ! qualities ( 8 h]d & family1 9 a great degree1 ev5 :5 c\pl$ ) a c[ ( unc]ta9 blood4 ,9 bre$+1 ! "o bull makes half ! h]d1 & :5 us$ on common /ock1 ! (fspr+ w always be half-bloods ! fir/ g5]ation4 ,! second g5]ation !y become ?ree-qu>t] bloods2 ! ?ird sev5 eigh?s2 ! f\r? fifte5-sixte5?1 & s on1 con/antly approa*+1 b nev] rea*+1 purity4 ,= all dairy purposes1 h[ev]1 !y become practically z good z pure-bloods4 ,b if ! bre$+ is ! o!r way--t is1 if a scrub bull is us$ on pure-blood c[s--! deg5]ation to ! scrub /atus is 9 precisely ! same ratio t we h j giv5 = improvem5t :5 pure-blood males are con/antly us$4 ,by us+ grade bulls1 !re is also a con/ant det]ioration ( blood1 b n z rapid z :5 scrub bulls are us$4 ,! only safety is 9 us+ pure blood males4 ,) ^! well select$ & all o!r conditions ma9ta9$1 ! /atus is c]ta9 to be pres]v$1 if improvem5ts1 9 consequ5ce ( bett] c>e & selection1 are n secur$4 ,,c\pl+4 ,prop] c\pl+1 or r ! c\pl+ ( prop] animals1 has receiv$ little att5tion1 & is n[ conf9$ g5]ally if n exclusively to pr(essional bre$]s4 ,b x is a subject to :i* ! dairym5 c z well z n pay att5tion ) good results4 ,by c\pl+ prop] animals1 we mean hav+ reg>d to individual po9ts & qualities1 nev] c\pl+ ^? hav+ ! same defects1 ei!r 9 =m or quality4 ,= in/ance1 to illu/rate1 a c[ high on ! rump may be safely br$ to a bull l[ on ! rump1 or vice v]sa1 ! result1 9 all probability1 be+ an (fspr+ ) a level rump4 ,?is is bre$+ toge!r opposite extremes1 dep5d+ on ! "o to correct ! o!r4 ,b if we bre$ two slop$ rumps toge!r1 or two hump$ rumps1 ! result w\ld be to exagg]ate & int5sify or /r5g!n ?is de=mity 9 ! (fspr+4 ,s ( quality or disposition4 ,a n]v\s c[ br$ to a n]v\s or irritable bull1 w\ld be pretty sure to drop a calf t w\ld be m n]v\s ?an ei!r sire or dam4 ,b if "o ( ! p>5ts is dull & sluggi% & ! o!r irritable & s5sitive1 ! (fspr+ might be an improvem5t on bo?4 ,aga91 a c[ lack+ 9 ! quality ( ri*ness ( milk1 ?\gh giv+ a l>ge fl[1 %\ld n be c\pl$ ) a bull desc5d$ f a family hav+ ! same peculi>ity ( l>ge fl[ lack+ 9 ri*ness4 ,b if !re is ri*ness on "o side & abundance on ! o!r1 ! c\pl+ ( ! two might reasonably be expect$ to result 9 improvem5t 9 ! (fspr+1 :i* might inh]it bo? ! l>ge fl[ & ! ri* quality4 ,bad po9ts & qualities are inh]it$ z well z good ones4 ,h5ce1 ! con/ant aim & c>e mu/ be to avoid develop+ :at is objectionable z well z to develop :at is desir$4 ,x mu/ be con/antly borne 9 m9d t l begets l4 ,all ! tr\ble att5d+ inbre$+1 cross+ or grad+ comes f n prop]ly reg>d+ ?is fact4 ,:]e inbre$+ is foll[$1 ! only disadvantage arises f ! fact t all ! animals are likely to h ! same defects ( =m1 quality & con/itution4 ,b :]e ^! are all "r1 ! advantage is t inbre$+ fixes ! features & qualities & secures ! e/abli%m5t ( !m 9 a type or bre$4 ,b cross+ or grad+ animals hav+ ! same fail+ w prove j z disa/r\s z w\ld inbre$+4 ,b cross+ may be done 9 a way to develop good qualities1 & ^! may aft]w>d be fix$ by c>eful selection & inbre$+ ( (fspr+4 ,?is subject ( bre$+ is "o ( great importance1 & yet little und]/ood4 ,_m ?+s p]ta9+ to x are yet to be settl$1 ?\gh great progress has be5 made dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 & public att5tion is be+ drawn to x z x nev] 0 be=e4 ,x w be f\nd t man c become ma/] ( ! situation1 & may1 by obs]v+ c]ta9 fundam5tal conditions & v>y+ only ! details1 bre$ dome/ic animals ( almo/ any =m1 disposition1 & quality1 t he may desire4 ,,c>e ,,& ,,keep4 ,bett] c>e & keep1 h[ev]1 are ! key notes to improvem5t4 ,high] conditions & bett] surr\nd+s lead to improvem5ts :i* may be develop$ into fix$ traits by prop] selection & c\pl+1 provid$ ! improv$ environm5t is ma9ta9$4 ,! /atus c be ma9ta9$ only by ma9ta9+ ! conditions4 ,?is is :at we mean by c>e4 ,"u ?is head1 we include all t p]ta9s to ! heal? & com=t ( ! animal4 ,judici\s c>e is ( prime importance n only 9 bre$+ b 9 secur+ ! be/ results 9 dairy products4 ,prop] food & dr9k & en\gh ( x1 ) %elt]1 k9d treatm5t1 regul>ity & ! mo/ ?or\gh sy/em1 mu/ be provid$1 or correspond+ failure1 = any & all abuse1 neglect or mi/ake1 is sure to foll[4 ,,fe$+ ,,/ock4 ,! "q ( fe$+ /ock is ye>ly ris+ into great] prom95ce & importance4 ,=m]ly1 x 0 ?\ght t anybody :o c\ld ?r[ out co>se fodd] & hay to cattle knew en\gh = all practical purposes ab\t fe$+1 & t any sort ( a %elt]1 or no %elt]1 if ! animal surviv$1 0 suffici5t4 ,bett] ideas are beg9n+ to prevail4 ,few m5 n[ ?9k !y "k all t c be le>n$ ab\t fe$+ /ock1 & ^? :o "k ! mo/ are ! mo/ anxi\s to le>n4 ,a ?or\gh k ( fe$+ requires a k ( physiology & biology1 ) ! *emical composition & nutritive qualities ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( food4 ,add$ to ?is mu/ be ! practical k ga9$ by obs]vation ( ! effects ( ! diff]5t foods on diff]5t animals "u v>i\s conditions4 ,& :5 all is kn[n t c be1 !re w /ill be room left = ! ex]cise ( ! be/ judgm5t ( ! fe$] z to ! conditions & requirem5ts ( ! animal f$1 & z to ! quality ( ! foods available & ! quantity & proportions ( ea*4 ,,c>bonace\s ,,& ,,nitrog5\s ,,foods4 ,x is pretty well kn[n :at ! con/itu5ts ( ! animal organism are1 & :at elem5ts ( nutrition are requir$ 9 ! food = ! su/5ance ( ! animal4 ,( ^! primal elem5ts--"s twelve or fifte5 9 numb]--x is f\nd t1 practically1 :5 foods comb9$ conta9 two ( !m 9 prop] proportion1 ! re/ are g5]ally pres5t 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,^! two are ,,c>bon & ,,nitrog51 & ! foods conta9+ !m 9 relatively l>ge proportion are respectively call$ c>bonace\s & nitrog5\s4 ,all foods conta9 ^! elem5ts 9 great] or less proportion4 ,! prop] proportion = fe$+ is f\nd to be ab\t "o ( nitrog5 to five or six ( c>bon4 ,if ! temp]ature ( ! wea!r is l[1 ! proportion ( c>bon may be rais$ to eight1 & ev5 t51 :]e little ex]cise is _h--z1 = in/ance1 mil* c[s /&+ 9 a cold /able4 ,b1 9 hot wea!r1 :5 c[s are giv+ milk1 ! c>bon may be r$uc$ to f\r & ev5 ?ree--t is1 s t !re %all be "o "p ( nitrog5 to ?ree or f\r p>ts ( c>bon4 ,! c>bon is heat & fat produc+1 & "s class x z motor produc+1 b we ?9k ?is is a mi/ake1 save s f> z heat is ess5tial to motion4 ,we ?9k nitrog5 is motor produc+ z well z muscle produc+--or1 9 o!r words1 t ! elem5t :i* produces ! organs ( motion also fills !m ) en]gy1 = ! ex]cise ( :i* heat is ess5tial4 ,we _c h motion1 or ev5 life1 mu* bel[ ! normal temp]ature ( ab\t #ih degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,at all ev5ts1 x is f\nd necess>y to fe$ nitrog5\s food to all animals t are work+ h>d1 to supply ! wa/e ( muscle--& we ?9k also to replace ! exp5d$ en]gy4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,miln] ,fo!rgill1 9 8 "w on ! ,ma9t5ance ( ,heal?1 publi%$ by ,g4,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 says3 ,! effect ( ! nitrog5 ^u ! bra9 is to evolve n]ve =ce freely1 & ?is rules & regulates ! actual =ce :i* takes its orig9 9 ! respiratory foods consum$4 ,^! respiratory foods furni% ! =ce itself1 b ! nitrog5iz$ foods furni% ! manife/]s ( =ce4 ,x appe>s to u t ! n]ve =ce1 :i* he says is evolv$1 is all !re is ( x1 save ! requisite conditions af=d$ by heat4 ,dr4 ,h\ghton says3 ,! hunt$ de] w outrun ! leop>d 9 a fair op5 *ase1 because ! =ce suppli$ to its muscles by vegetable food is capable ( be+ giv5 out cont9u\sly = a long p]iod ( "t2 b 9 a sudd5 ru% at a ne> di/ance1 ! leop>d w infallibly ov]take ! de]1 because its fle% food /ores up 9 ! blood a res]ve ( =ce capable ( be+ giv5 out in/antane\sly 9 ! =m ( exce$+ly swift muscul> action4 ,dr4 ,fo!rgill goes on to say3 ,nitrog5 is ! ess5tial factor 9 all explosive comp\nds1 f gunp[d] to n]ve =ce4 ,x end[s ! consum] ( x ) en]gy & enables him to dis*>ge 8 =ce quickly & rapidly4 ,aga91 he says ( ! race-horse3 ,8 food affects 8 spe$ & endurance1 & )\t 8 nitrog5iz$ food he w\ld cut a poor figure at a race1 because )\t x he c\ld n dis*>ge 8 =ce fa/ en\gh4 ,,:at ,,is ,,c>bon8 ,x is pure 9 ! diamond1 ne>ly pure 9 coal1 & is ! pr9cipal con/itu5t ( all woody fib]--also ( oils1 fat1 />*1 sug>1 etc4 ,ne>ly all ! visible organic _w is compos$ ( c>bon4 ,x appe>s to be v pl5tiful1 b ( our atmosph]e x composes only ab\t f\r-t5-?\s&?s1 :ile oxyg51 ) :i* x unites to =m c>bonic acid gas = vegetation to fe$ on1 composes "o-fif? & nitrog5 f\r-fif?s4 ,really1 we h little tr\ble 9 secur+ c>bonace\s foods4 ,! only difficulty is to get !m 9 a dige/ible =m4 ,only :at is soluble c be dige/$ & assimilat$ by ! animal organism4 ,h5ce1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 to get food 9 a prop] condition = animal nutrition4 ,,:at ,,is ,,nitrog58 ,x is almo/ pure 9 ! album5s2 bo? vegetable & animal4 ,x is ne>ly pure 9 ! :ite ( egg4 ,h5ce1 nitrog5\s foods are q commonly call$ album9oids4 ,x exi/s abundantly 9 all ! prote9s--z *eese or case9e1 fibr9 or lean meat1 album51 etc4 ,nitrog51 9 its free /ate1 appe>s to be an innocu\s gas1 dilut+ ! oxyg5 & prev5t+ x f rapidly oxydiz+ or burn+ up ev]y?+4 ,z be=e said1 x con/itutes f\r-fif?s ( our atmosph]e1 b does n appe> to be directly appropriat$ by ei!r vegetables or animals4 ,z food = ei!r1 x mu/ be 9 comb9ation ) o!r elem5ts--especially c>bon--& yet x is v difficult to make x unite ) o!r elem5ts1 & h>d to ma9ta9 ! union :5 x is once =m$4 ,its disposition is to break ^! unions & seek an idle /ate ( fre$om4 ,h5ce x is t1 :5 held 9 durance1 its con/ant t5d5cy to free itself makes x ! motor =ce 9 all animal organisms1 & ! t]rible en]gy 9 all explosives4 ,x is secur$ 9 ! =m ( ammonia 9 ra91 by a process call$ nitrification x unites ) ! soil1 & x exi/s 9 all decay$ animal & vegetable matt] 9 a =m suitable = plant food4 ,m5 & animals get x by eat+ vegetables or by eat+ "o ano!r4 ,x is a v abundant & important elem5t1 yet v difficult to obta9 9 an available =m = plant & animal food4 ,=tunately1 b comp>atively little ( x is ne$$4 ,,comp\nd+ ,,rations4 ,by ref]r+ to ! fe$ tables furni%$ by ! analy/s ( ?is c\ntry & ,europe1 ! f>m] c le>n ! con/itu5ts ( foods4 ,!n1 kn[+ ! ration requir$1 he c take diff]5t foods & comp\nd 9 ! "r proportions aim$ at 9 fe$+1 :e!r = "w1 = gr[?1 = fat1 = b>e ma9t5ance1 or = milk4 ,we give ! ,g]man /&>ds = fe$+ animals3 ,,p] ,,day ,,& ,,p] #a1jjj ,,lbs4 ,,live ,,weight4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,nutritive dige/ible sub4 ------------------------- ,,animals4 ,total ,albumi- ,c>bo- ,total ,nutritive organic dry noids4 hydrates4 ,fat4 nutritive ratio4 sub/ance4 sub4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 #a4 ,ox5 at re/ 9 /all #ag4e #j4g #h4j #j4ae #h4he #a3ab #b4 ,ox5 mod]ately work$ #bd4j #a4f #aa4c #j4cj #ac4bj #a3g4e #c4 ,ox5 heavily work$ #bf4j #b4d #ac4b #j4ej #af4aj #a3f4j #d4 ,ox5 fatt5+1 #a/ p]iod #bg4j #b4e #ae4j #j4ej #ah4jj #a3f4e ,ox5 fatt5+1 #b;d p]iod #bf4j #c4j #ad4h #j4gj #ah4ej #a3e4e ,ox5 fatt5+1 #c;d p]iod #be4j #b4g #ad4h #j4fj #ah4aj #a3f4j #e4 ,c[s 9 milk #bd4j #b4e #ab4e #j4dj #ae4dj #a3e4d ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,gr[+ ,,cattle--,,p] ,,day ,,& ,,p] ,,head4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,age4 ,av]age live weight ,mon?s4 p] head4 #b to #c #aej p\nds #c4c #j4f #b4a #j4cj #c4jj #a3d4g #c to #f #cjj p\nds #g4j #a4j #d4a #j4cj #e4dj #a3e4j #f to #ab #ejj p\nds #ab4j #a4c #f4h #j4cj #h4dj #a3f4j #ab to #ah #gjj p\nds #af4h #a4d #i4a #j4bh #aj4gh #a3g4j #ah to #bd #hej p\nds #bj4d #a4d #ai4c #j4bf #aa4if #a3h4j ,,sample ,,rations4 ,dr4 ,wolf gives an illu/ration ( ! /&>d = a mil* c[1 by say+ t #cj lbs4 ( "y clov] hay w keep a c[ 9 good milk2 & t ?is conta9s ( dry organic sub/ance1 #bc lbs41 ( :i* is dige/ible--album9oids #c4ba1 c>bohydrates #aa4bh1 & fat #j4fc4 ,?is is 4#ga lb4 album9oids m1 & 4#bb lb4 ( c>bohydrates less1 ) 4#ac lb4 ( fat m1 ?an ! /&>d4 ,!n he takes ! ri*e/ & be/ mead[ hay1 ( :i* #cj lbs4 conta9s ( organic sub/ance #bc4b lbs41 hav+ dige/ible--album9oids #b4di lbs41 c>bohydrates #ab4ge lbs41 & fat #db lb4 ,?is is almo/ exactly ! fe$+ /&>d4 ,z w h be5 se5 by :at has prec$$1 ! ,g]man /&>d ration = a mil* c[ is #bd lbs4 ( dry organic sub/ance1 conta9+ #b4ej lbs4 nitrog5\s food1 & #ab4ij lbs4 ( c>bonace\s food4 ,to secure ?is1 ,dr4 ,wolff recomm5ds = e #a1jjj lbs4 ( live weight3 #ab lbs4 av]age mead[ hay4 #f oat /raw4 #bj mangolds4 #be brew]s' gra94 #b cotton se$ cake4 ,pr(4 ,s4,w4 ,johnson's ration = ! same purpose is3 #bj lbs4 corn fodd]4 #e rye /raw4 #f malt spr\ts4 #b cotton se$ meal4 ,! foll[+ milk rations are recomm5d$ by ,pr(4 ,e4,w4 ,/ew>t3 ,no4 #a4 #ah lbs4 oat /raw4 #e bean /raw4 #f cotton se$ cake4 ,no4 #b4 #bj lbs4 b>ley /raw4 #e pea /raw4 #b :eat bran4 #e l9se$ meal4 ,no4 #c4 #bj lbs4 poor hay4 #e corn meal4 #e cotton se$ cake4 ,no4 #d4 #bj lbs4 :eat /raw4 #e :eat bran4 #c corn meal4 #d l9se$ meal4 ,no4 #e4 #bj lbs4 fre% m>% hay4 #e corn meal4 #e cotton se$ meal4 ,no4 #f4 #aj lbs4 good mead'w hay4 #aj rye /raw4 #c :eat bran4 #e l9se$ meal4 ,! foll[+ are giv5 by ! same au?or z milk rations3 ,no4 #a4 #aj lbs4 clov] hay4 #aj /raw4 #d l9se$ oil cake4 #d :eat bran4 #b cotton se$ cake4 #d corn meal4 ,no4 #b4 #af lbs4 mead[ hay4 #h :eat bran4 #b l9se$ meal4 #f corn meal4 ,no4 #c4 #ah lbs4 corn fodd]4 #h :eat bran4 #d cotton se$ meal4 #d corn meal4 ,no4 #d4 #ae lbs4 /raw4 #e hay4 #d cotton se$ meal4 #d bran4 #d corn meal4 #c malt spr\ts4 ,no4 #e4 #aj lbs4 corn fodd]4 #aj oat /raw4 #b l9se$ meal4 #d malt spr\ts4 #aj oat corn meal4 ,no4 #f4 #fj lbs4 corn ensilage4 #e hay4 #b l9se$ meal4 #d bran4 ,,fatt5+ ,,rations4 ,! foll[+ rations are recomm5d$ by ,pr(4 ,e4,w4 ,/ew>t = fatt5+ cattle4 ,! rations are = #a1jjj p\nds ( live weight3 ,no4 #a4 #ah lbs4 w9t'r :'t /raw4 #dj corn sug> meal4 #d cotton se$ meal4 ,no4 #b4 #ab lbs oat /raw4 #aj :eat bran4 #dj corn sug> meal4 ,no4 #c4 #ab lbs4 clov] hay4 #f oat /raw4 #dj corn sug> meal4 #b l9se$ meal4 ,no4 #d4 #ae lbs4 corn fodd]4 #e malt spr\ts4 #c corn meal4 #dj corn sug> meal4 ,no4 #e4 #bj lbs4 be/ clov] hay4 #ej corn sug> meal4 ,no4 #f4 #bj lbs4 :eat /raw4 #h timo?y hay4 #f cotton se$ cake4 ,no4 #g4 #bj lbs4 corn fodd]4 #f ,indian corn4 #f l9se$ cake4 ,,work+ ,,rations4 ,! foll[+ are rations = ox5 at h>d "w1 z giv5 by ,pr(4 ,/ew>t3 ,no4 #a4 #bj lbs4 be/ mead[ hay4 #aj corn meal4 ,no4 #b4 #bj lbs4 corn fodd]4 #e clov] hay4 #b :eat bran4 #c cotton se$ cake4 ,no4 #c4 #ag lbs4 clov] hay4 #c :eat bran4 #aj corn meal4 ,no4 #d4 #be lbs4 oat /raw4 #e :eat bran4 #d l9se$ cake4 ,,dige/ibility ,,( ,,foods4 ,! foll[+ table1 copi$ f ,pr(4 ,/ew>t1 gives ! dige/ibility ( a few ( ! m common foods3 ,dige/ible ,9 #ajj lbs4 ,dige/ible4 9 #b1jjj lbs4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,clov] ,,hay4 ,album9oids #ae4c #aj4g #bad ,c>bo-hydrates #ce4h #cg4e #geb ,crude fibre #bb4b ,fat #c4b #b4a #db ---- #ajjh ,9 #ajj lbs4 ,dige/ible4 ,dige/ible 9 #b1jjj lbs4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,av]age ,,mead[ ,,hay4 ,album9oids #i4g #e4d #ajh ,c>bo-hydrates #da4f #da4j #hbj ,crude fib] #ba4i ,fat #b4e #a4j #bj ---- #idh ,,corn ,,fodd]4 ,album9oids #d4d #c4b #ff ,c>bo hydrates #cg4i #dc4d #hfh ,crude fib] #be4j ,fat #a4c #a4j #bj ---- #ied ,,oat ,,/raw4 ,album9oids #d4j #a4d #bh ,c>bo-hydrates #cf4b #dj4a #hjb ,crude fibre #ci4e ,fat #b4j #j4g #ad ---- #hdd ,,l9se$ ,,oil ,,cake4 ,album9oids #bh4c #bc4gg #dge ,c>bo-hydrates #cb4c #ce4ae #gjc ,fibre #aj4j ,fat #aj4j #i4j #ahj ---- #aceh ,,:eat ,,bran4 ,album9oids #ae4j #ab4i #beb ,c>bo-hydrates #eb4b #db4f #heb ,fibre #aj4a ,fat #c4b #b4f #eb ---- #aaef ,,corn ,,meal4 ,album9oids #aj4j #h4d #afh ,c>bo-hydrates #fb4a #fj4f #abab ,crude fibre #e4e ,fat #f4e #d4h #if ---- #adgf ,,oats4 ,album9oids #ab4j #i4j #ahj ,c>bo-hydrates #ee4j #dc4j #hfj ,crude fibre #i4c ,fat #f4e #d4g #id ---- #aacd ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,food4 ,we give ! names ( a few foods1 ) _! relative am\nt ( nitrog5\s & c>bonace\s elem5ts3 ,,foods4 ,nitrog5\s4 ,c>bonace\s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,mead[ hay1 m$ium #a to #h4j ,r$ clov]1 m$ium #a #e4i ,luc]ne1 good #a #b4h ,sw$i% clov] 7alsike7 #a #d4i ,or*>d grass1 9 blos'm #a #f4e ,:ite clov]1 m$ium #a #e4j ,timo?y #a #h4a ,blue grass1 9 blossom #a #g4e ,r$ top #a #e4d ,fodd] rye #a #g4b ,italian rye grass #a #f4c ,hung>ian grass #a #g4a ,ri* pa/ure grass #a #c4f ,gre5 maize1 ,g]man #a #h4i ,fodd] oats #a #g4b ,sorghum #a #g4d ,pa/ure clov]1 "y #a #b4e ,r$ clov]1 be=e bl's'm #a #c4h ,r$ clov]1 9 blossom #a #e4g ,:ite clov]1 9 blossom #a #d4b ,buck:eat1 9 blossom #a #e4a ,fodd] cabbage #a #e4b ,ruttabaga leaves #a #c4i ,f]m5t$ hay1 f maize #a #ab4j ,f]m5t$ hay1 f beet leaves #a #d4j ,f]m5t$ hay1 f r$ clov] #a #d4a ,w9t] :eat /raw #a #de4h ,w9t] rye /raw #a #eb4j ,w9t] b>ley /raw #a #dj4e ,oat /raw #a #bi4i ,corn /alks #a #cd4d ,se$ clov] #a #g4d ,:eat *aff #a #bd4a ,rye *aff #a #cb4f ,oat *aff #a #bc4h ,b>ley *aff #a #cj4d ,potatoes #a to #aj4f ,arti*okes #a #h4g ,ruttabagas #a #h4c ,sug> beets #a #ag4j ,c>rots #a #i4c ,turnips #a #e4h ,:eat1 gra9 #a #e4h ,rye1 gra9 #a #g4j ,b>ley1 gra9 #a #g4i ,oats1 gra9 #a #f4a ,maize1 gra9 #a #h4f ,millet1 gra9 #a #e4d ,peas1 gra9 #a #b4i ,buck:eat1 gra9 #a #g4d ,cotton se$ #a #d4f ,pumpk9s #a #ah4d ,co>se :eat bran #a #e4f ,:eat middl+s #a #f4i ,rye bran #a #e4c ,b>ley bran #a #d4e ,buck:eat bran #a #d4a ,hempse$ cake #a #a4e ,sunfl[] #a #a4c ,corn bran #a #aj4c ,brew]s' gra9 #a #c4j ,malt spr\ts #a #b4b ,:eat meal #a #e4g ,rape cake #a #a4g ,rape meal1 extract$ #a #a4c ,b>ley1 middl+s #a #f4j ,oat bran #a #i4g ,l9se$ cake #a #b4j ,l9se$ meal1 extract$ #a #a4d ,cot'n-se$ meal1 decort4 #a #a4h ,cot'n-s'd cake1 undecort4 #a #a4g ,c['s milk #a #d4d ,butt]milk #a #b4f ,skimm$ milk #a #a4i ,cream #a #cj4e ,,ensilage4 ,major ,h5ry ,e4 ,alvord1 ( ,h\ghton ,f>m1 ,n4,y41 gives ! foll[+ z ! range & av]age ( analyses by a l>ge numb] ( em95t sci5ti/s3 ,range 9 #ajj lbs4 ,av]age4 ,total dry matt] #ae4aj to #be4ij #ah4fj ,wat] #hd4ij to #gd4aj #ha4dj ,prote9 #j4ij to #a4ij #a4cj ,fat #j4cj to #j4ij #j4fj ,nitrog5-free extract #g4fj to #ac4dj #i4fj ,crude ,fib] #d4gj to #g4ij #e4ij ,a% #j4ij to #a4dj #a4bj ,,rem>ks4 ,x is safe to always fe$ cotton se$ meal1 bran1 or l9se$ cake ) corn fodd]1 or fodd] corn1 or ensilage4 ,& x w always be f\nd to "w well if corn meal is f$ ) clov] hay4 ,corn ensilage ) clov] hay w con/itute a prop] fe$4 ,to avoid wa/e1 & secure ! be/ results1 we mu/ le>n to balance ! nitrog5\s & c>bonace\s foods4 ,our greate/ difficulty 9 fe$+1 z 9 manur+ ! soil1 is to secure en\gh ( ! nitrog5\s elem5ts4 ,^! are :at we h ma9ly to look out =1 ! c>bonace\s foods usually be+ ov] abundant4 ,n only mu/ we proportion ! elem5ts ( food prop]ly1 b we mu/ prep>e ! food s t x w be 9 a prop] condition4 ,x may conta9 all ! elem5ts1 b 9 consequ5ce ( be+ 9 a bad or wrong condition1 ! animal _c dige/ x4 ,!re is pl5ty ( c>bon 9 coal1 b :o w\ld expect ! animal /oma* to dige/ x8 ,s !re is nitrog5 9 saltpet] & gun-cotton1 b !y are n 9 a suitable condition or =m = dige/ion1 & h5ce h no food value4 ,mo/ raw vegetables are indige/ible 9 ! human /oma*1 b cook !m1 & ?us put !m 9 a prop] condition1 & !y become nutriti\s foods4 ,!re are few1 if any1 p]fect foods4 ,e food ne$s to be supplem5t$ ) some?+ else4 ,h5ce x is t bo? m5 & animals want v>iety4 ,summ] pa/ure1 compos$ ( mix$ grasses1 makes ! be/ food = all k9ds ( /ock4 ,mead[ hay1 cut at ! "r "t & prop]ly cur$--provid$ !re is a mixture ( grasses--makes a prop] food = w9t]2 b ev5 ?is ne$s to be accompani$ by roots1 ensilage or some?+ ( a juicy nature1 z a reli%1 if = no?+ else1 & z an aid to dige/ion4 ,9 a /ate ( nature1 roam+ free1 animals select & balance _! rations accord+ to ! crav+s ( appetite4 ,b :5 dome/icat$1 !y h no su* fre$om ( *oice1 except p]haps 9 a few ( ! summ] mon?s4 ,9 w9t]1 !y mu/ take :at is giv5 to !m4 ,x is our duty1 !re=e1 to give _! food a prop] balance ( elem5ts z f> z possible2 & 9 ?us con=m+ to ! laws ( nature1 we %all f9d bo? ! greate/ economy & ! greate/ pr(it4 ,,h&l+ ,,milk4 ,x is a comp>atively easy op]ation to milk1 if "o kn[s h[4 ,! process is ab\t z simple z t ( ,columbus 9 mak+ an egg /& on end1 b x requires skill1 practice & a muscul> h& to d x well4 ,grasp+ ! teat s z to fill x ) milk1 & !n tight5 ! ?umb & =e f+] s z to prev5t a return ( ! milk to ! udd] z ! re/ ( ! f+]s are g5tly b firmly clos$1 s z to give a d[nw>d pressure & expel ! milk1 is n likely to be done by ! novice ! fir/ "t try+4 ,b ord9>ily1 ! p]=mance ( ?is op]ation is soon a*iev$ by any "o :o wi%es to le>n1 ?\gh x is decl>$ by "s t !y nev] c\ld le>n to milk4 ,sub/itute w\ld = c\ld1 & we ?9k ! tru? is m ne>ly approximat$4 ,/ill !re is a great diff]5ce 9 milk]s1 z well z 9 c[s1 ! man or woman ) a good grip 9 ! h& hav+ decid$ly ! advantage1 bo? z reg>ds ease & exp$ition--& x is q important t ! milk %\ld all be quickly & cont9u\sly drawn f ! c[ aft] ! milk+ is begun1 & :ile ! c[ is 9 ! mood ( giv+ d[n4 ,,keep ,,quiet4 ,if a c[ is sudd5ly di/urb$1 s z to get excit$1 or gets tir$ & out ( pati5ce1 ! fl[ ( milk may be prematurely /opp$4 ,if ?is di/urbance is cont9u$ f "t to "t1 ! effect w be to p]man5tly less5 ! fl[1 or dry up ! c[4 ,any?+ t irritates a c[1 :ile be+ milk$1 r$uces bo? quality & quantity4 ,h5ce1 milk+ %\ld be done 9 a quiet & ord]ly mann]4 ,treat ! c[ v k9dly & g5tly1 s z to ga9 h] confid5ce1 & be z c>eful z possible n to hurt h] teats by unnecess>ily te>+ op5 any cracks !re may be1 or p9*+ any w>ts1 & be sure to n dig y\r f+]-nails into ! teats4 ,,regul>ity4 ,x is a good plan to milk c[s regul>ly 9 ! same ord]1 tak+ ! same "o fir/1 & w9d+ up ) ! same "o e "t4 ,regul>ity ( h\r 9 comm5c+ ! milk+ ( ! h]d is an advantage1 9 secur+ ! be/ results1 s9ce animals z well z m5 are greatly ! creatures ( habit1 & :5 ! "t comes ar\nd ! c[ w desire to be milk$ & all ! functions ( h] sy/em w concur 9 ?is desire4 ,,keep ,,d[n ,,! ,,f\l ,,odors4 ,! milk+ %\ld be done 9 a sweet1 clean place--ei!r a /able kept scrupul\sly clean1 & pla/] or o!r deod]iz] freely us$1 or 9 a r[ ( /an*ions 9 an op5 %$1 ) b>ely a ro( to keep (f /orm & sun%9e1 & no fil?y deposits all[$ to accumulate ar\nd x4 ,! milk1 z fa/ z drawn1 %\ld be remov$ f ! place ( milk+1 le/ x absorb odors f ! dropp+s1 ! brea?1 or ! exhalations f ! c['s body--or ev5 f ! sweat & grime ( ! p]son & clo!s ( ! milk]--= milk is extremely s5sitive to ^! influ5ces4 ,x is mu* m s ?an is popul>ly suppos$1 & %\ld be put 9 a sweet atmosph]e z soon z possible :5 drawn4 ,f9e fancy goods1 ) ! mo/ delici\s & delicate flavor1 _c be made f milk t has be5 expos$ to ! influ5ce ( a f\l atmosph]e4 ,,keep ,,out ,,! ,,dirt4 ,s1 also1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep out all hairs1 dirt & fil? ( e k9d4 ,if p]mitt$ to get into ! milk1 fil? _c be entirely /ra9$ out1 & h5ce "s ( its odors & flavors w l+] 9 ! fats ( ! milk & appe> 9 ! product manufactur$ f x4 ,! indisp5sable necessity = clean ut5sils has already be5 m5tion$4 ,fil? f ?is s\rce w n only affect odor & flavor1 b is q likely to conta9 ! g]ms ( f]m5t :i* w multiply 9 ! milk & product1 & cause disa/r\s results4 ,) a clean c1 clean pails & clean h&s1 beg9 ! task ( milk+ by bru%+ (f all loose mat]ials f ! c['s side t may rattle d[n into ! pail1 c>efully bru% & clean ! udd] & teats1 & !n place ! pail betwe5 y\r knees 9 a way to prev5t ! c[ putt+ h] foot into x1 or upsett+ x1 if %e %\ld move ab\t n]v\sly1 or be sudd5ly />tl$--:i* %\ld n be p]mitt$ if x is possible to avoid x4 ,,let ,,out ,,! ,,c[s4 ,z fa/ z milk$1 x is be/ to let ! c[s g4 ,?is gives m room1 r$uces ! g5]ation ( heat 9 ! /able or milk+ place1 & less5s ! am\nt ( dropp+s & consequ5t bad odors ris+ f !m4 ,^? left w soon und]/& ?is & n get uneasy4 ,a ,,lick ,,( ,,meal4 ,if ! c[s h be5 prep>$ = milk+ by giv+ !m a lick ( meal1 or a little dry hay1 :5 !y come into ! /able1 x w be f\nd to h a good effect4 ,x w also cultivate a will+ness to come home at milk+ "t & take _! respective places 9 ! /an*ions4 ,x pays to please & satisfy a c[4 ,%e w deposit h] appreciation 9 ! pail4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,milk4 ,:5 ! milk+ is ov]1 ! milk %\ld be tak5 z directly to ! place ( manufacture z possible4 ,if x mu/ be kept ov] night1 see t x is well /irr$ & prop]ly cool$ to #gj degrees ,fahr5heit1 be=e leav+ x4 ,d n put on a close cov]1 unless ! milk is ?or\ghly cool$4 ,x is f> bett] to deliv] x directly to ! *eese or butt] mak]1 :o kn[s h[ to c>e = x1 & has facilities = do+ ! "w--or1 at lea/1 ought to h4 ,v mu* dep5ds on hav+ ! milk deliv]$ 9 good condition4 ,if x is n1 no aft] c>e & skill c make a p]fect product f x4 ,true1 if all "r :5 deliv]$1 x may be aft]w>d injur$ or spoil$1 b x is n likely to be4 ,x is !re=e ! duty ( ! patron to d 8 "p ( ! "w all "r2 !n he may ) "s reason blame ! op]ator if ! result is n "r4 ,b butt] & *eese mak]s are too (t5 expect$ to turn out fir/-class products f second or ?ird class milk--a task impossible to p]=m4 ,) good milk & prop] facilities1 !re is no valid excuse = failure4 ,! fir/ object is ! production ( good milk4 ,?is is ( prime importance4 ,)\t x1 ! aft] product mu/ ( necessity be inf]ior4 ,! next object is to pres]ve ! milk 9 its be/ condition1 all ?r\gh ! h&l+1 9 ord] to rea* ! be/ results4 ,milk is (t5 spoil$ 9 ! h&l+4 ,h5ce c>e & judgm5t mu/ be ex]cis$ to ma9ta9 ! prop] conditions to ! end4 ,,composition ,,( ,,milk4 ,few und]/& ! delicate & complex nature ( milk4 ,x is a comp\nd ( _m +r$i5ts2 & if any "o ( ^! is di/urb$1 x affects ! :ole4 ,_! union is v weak & un/able1 & liable to be brok5 by _m influ5ces4 ,to give a cle>] idea ( ! composition ( milk1 we copy ! foll[+ diagram1 prep>$ by ,dr4 ,e4 ,lewis ,/urtevant1 ,director ( ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation3 ,,milk4 ------------------------------- ,cream4 ,skim ,milk4 ------------------- ------------------ ,butt]4 ,butt] ,milk4 ,coag'ble ,matt]4 ,:ey or ,s]um4 ------------ ------------ ------ ---------------- ,solid ,fat4 ,liquid ,fat4 ,case94 ,:ey ,by ,by ,salts4 ,nitrog4 ,matt] or ,r5net4 ,acetic or ------ -------- ,s]um4 ,acid4 ------ ,osmazome4 ,/e>9 ,ole9 ------ ,pota% ,sa*4 ,matt] ,palmat9 ,butyr9 ,case94 ---- ,soda or ,capro9 #b,ziega4 ,lime ,milk ,sug>4 ,caprylm ,magnesia ,capr9 ,iron ,ara*9 ,phos4 ,acid #a,myri/94 ,sulph4 ,acid ,c>bonic ,acid ,silicic ,acid ,*lor9e4 #a ,n f\nd 9 all milk4 #b ,includes1 album5 & :atev] else is coagulable by acetic acid4 ,"h are betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty diff]5t con/itu5ts1 9 v>i\s proportions4 ,_! comb9ation is effect$ ?r\gh ! organism ( ! c[1 ! ultimate "w be+ p]=m$ by ! udd]1 :]e x is no soon] complet$ ?an reaction beg9s & *ange is ! result4 ,,det]ioration ,,( ,,milk ,,9 ,,! ,,udd]4 ,! long] ! milk rema9s 9 ! udd]1 ! m x is impov]i%$ by absorption ( "s ( its +r$i5ts4 ,?is is specially true ( ! fats1 :i* are tak5 up by ! absorb5t vessels ( ! udd] & c>ri$ into g5]al circulation4 ,= ?is reason1 ! fir/ milk drawn--:i* is ! fir/ secret$1 & !re=e rema9s 9 ! udd] ! longe/--is ! poore/ milk drawn1 & t :i* is la/ secret$ & la/ milk$ 7! /ripp+s7 is ! ri*e/4 ,h5ce1 ! long] ! int]val betwe5 milk+s1 ! poor] ! milk = butt] mak+4 ,?ree milk+s a day w give bett] results ?an two4 ,,d ,,fats ,,exp& ,,be=e ,,congeal+8 ,if milk is to be set = cream1 ! soon] x is put to re/ & ! less heat x looses be=e sett+1 ! bett] = ! sep>ation ( ! cream4 ,if cool$ d[n mu*1 ! cream w rise m sl[ly & sep>ate m imp]fectly4 ,9 cool+1 ! fluids & semi-fluids cond5se fa/] ?an ! fats1 & h5ce become relatively heavi]1 & settle z ! fat globules rise1 by virtue ( ! law ( gravitation4 ,! !ory has be5 broa*$ by ,mr4 ,h4,b4 ,gurl]1 ( ,de,kalb1 ,ill9ois1 t 9 sudd5 cool+1 ! fluids & semi-fluids are n only cond5s$1 b ! fats exp&$1 ?us increas+ ! diff]5ce 9 specific gravity 9 bo? directions4 ,9 ?is way1 ! rapid ris+ ( cream 9 sudd5 cool+ he ?9ks may be bett] acc\nt$ =4 ,8 idea is bas$ on ! fact t wat]1 j be=e congeal+1 beg9s to exp& & cont9ues to exp& z ! temp]ature l[]s4 ,fats consolidate at a mu* high] temp]ature ?an wat]1 & he ?9ks ! same law ( expansion may int]v5e 9 bo? cases4 ,s f> z we are aw>e1 x is n kn[n :e!r fats d actually exp& be=e & aft] rea*+ ! po9t ( congelation or n1 & we %all feel an int]e/ 9 hav+ ! "q positively settl$ by ! sci5ti/s4 ,if x is a fact1 x introduces a new elem5t into our philosophy1 & w help 9 ! solution ( "s po9ts n yet satisfactorily det]m9$4 ,,effects ,,( ,,fall+ ,,temp]ature4 ,x is a fact t cream rises be/ 9 a fall+ temp]ature1 v sl[ly 9 a /ation>y "o1 & little or none 9 a ris+ temp]ature4 ,h5ce1 9 cold wea!r1 :5 milk cools v rapidly aft] be+ drawn f ! c[1 x is ! practice ( _m good dairym5 to raise ! temp]ature ( ! milk to #ajj degrees :5 set4 ,9 ?is way1 !y get a quick] & m complete sep>ation ( ! cream z ! milk cools d[n4 ,x w\ld be a good idea to h1 9 all butt] factories1 app>atus = sett+ milk s con/ruct$ t ! temp]ature ( ! mass ( milk c be gradually & ev5ly rais$ to #ajj degrees1 or ev5 slightly above2 = x is difficult to deliv] w>m milk 9 a good condition especially 9 hot wea!r--if x has to be c>ri$ any consid]able di/ance1 :ile 9 cold wea!r1 x is sure to get consid]ably r$uc$ 9 temp]ature1 bo? 9 milk+ & on ! road to ! factory4 ,h5ce1 x seems almo/ absolutely ess5tial1 if ! be/ results are to be atta9$1 to h "s means ( prop]ly rais+ ! temp]ature ( ! milk at ! factory4 ,,cool+ ,,& ,,air+4 ,if milk is to be s5t to ! factory1 = ei!r butt] or *eese mak+1 :]e ! di/ance is half a mile or m1 x %\ld be air$ & cool$--especially if x is to be %ut up 9 a tight c4 ,?is cool+ %\ld be done z spe$ily z possible aft] milk+1 to avoid ta9t or s\r+4 ,if ! milk is kept ov] night1 su* air+ & cool+ are absolutely indisp5sable4 ,! mode ( do+ ?is mu/ v>y ) conditions & circum/ances2 b1 :atev] me?od may be adopt$1 we w\ld by no means recomm5d putt+ ice directly into ! milk4 ,! effect _c be to improve flavor or keep+ quality4 ,,protection ,,f ,,! ,,hot ,,sun4 ,by no means %\ld ! c ( milk be expos$ to ! direct rays ( a hot sun1 ei!r on ! plat=m wait+ = ! deliv]y wagon1 or on ! wagon4 ,give x %elt] & %ade ( "s k9d1 9 bo? cases4 ,if a wool5 blanket is wet 9 cold wat] & wrapp$ ar\nd ! c1 ! rapid evaporation f ! blanket w keep d[n ! temp]ature4 ,ev]y?+ t c be %\ld be done to pres]ve milk 9 its normal condition4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,night',s ,,& ,,morn+',s ,,milk4 ,! night's milk & ! morn+'s milk %\ld nev] be mix$ be=e />t+ = ! factory1 b kept 9 sep>ate cans & s deliv]$4 ,! effect ( mix+ w be se5 soon en\gh at ! factory1 & (t5 mu* too soon 9 hot wea!r4 ,if ! morn+'s milk 7 made z cool z ! night's1 ! effect ( mix+ w\ld n be s spe$y & disa/r\s4 ,b x appe>s to be an immutable law1 t r$uc+ ! temp]ature & !n rais+ x ha/5s decomposition4 ,a l[ temp]ature only ret>ds decomposition2 x does n prev5t x1 unless v l[ & x is cont9u$4 ,z soon z ! temp]ature is rais$1 decomposition sets 9 ) accel]at$ rapidity1 z if to make up = lo/ "t4 ,h5ce1 we h always look$ ^u l[ temp]atures 9 ! dairy z objectionable4 ,z l[ z #fj degrees b n bel[ #ej degrees is ! limit :i* we pref]4 ,we ?9k ?is range m effective = long keep+ ?an a l[] "o4 ,c]ta9ly1 dairy goods made & kept )9 ?is range w n g to decay s soon z 9 a high] temp]ature4 ,,receiv+4 ,9 receiv+ ei!r milk or cream f ! patron1 x is ess5tial n only t ju/ice be done 9 ! weight or measure1 b t ! patron %\ld be satisfi$ ( ?is fact4 ,! ag5t s5t out to ga!r cream %\ld be an hone/ man1 9 :om ! patrons z well z ! employ] h confid5ce1 & %\ld und]/& 8 bus9ess & d x 9 a workman-l mann]1 s z to inspire confid5ce4 ,he %\ld also be v]s$ 9 ! v>i\s tricks t may be resort$ to by patrons to deceive & *eat1 & be on 8 gu>d1 quick to disc]n any suspici\s surr\nd+s or indications4 ,z mu* dep5ds on 8 judgm5t & obs]vation z on 8 hone/y--especially if any ( ! patrons are dispos$ to be di%one/1 z is sometimes ! case :]e x w\ld g5]ally be lea/ suspect$4 ,! lat] device ( n only measur+ cream by ! gauge1 b ( te/+ its yield ( butt] by *urn+ a sample1 is n only a gu>d1 to consid]able ext5t1 aga9/ fraud1 b m closely approximates ju/ice by gett+ at ! actual quality ( ! cream1 on :i* dep5ds its value4 ,!re is no associat$ sy/em yet devis$--save t ( *urn+ e patron's cream sep>ately & weigh+ ! product--t secures exact ju/ice to all4 ,nature does n appe> to h furni%$ /&>ds ( comm]cial measure or value = ! purpose ( indicat+ m9e & ?9e 9 mix$ transactions1 or 9 speculative ex*ange4 ,we h only relative & approximate guides1 by :i* ju/ice1 9 a bus9ess s5se1 is by no means secur$4 ,,te/+4 ,:]e milk is deliv]$ at ! factory1 we h z yet no /&>d te/ ( value4 ,all ! receiv] c d is to see t x is 9 a normal condition--nei!r s\r nor ta9t$1 nor conta9+ bad odors4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! smell mu/ ma9ly be reli$ on4 ,h5ce1 heal?y & ke5 olfactories are a great aid "h1 z 9 "s o!r cases4 ,if "o cat*es ! fumes :5 ! c cov] is fir/ remov$1 or z ! milk runs into ! weigh+ c1 he is pretty sure to detect any v positive bad odor4 ,! eye1 to "o ( exp]i5ce1 is almo/ c]ta9 to detect any great v>iation4 ,ev5 slight wat]+ is se5 by "s f ! peculi>ity ( ! reflection ( light f ! surface--especially :5 9 motion4 ,mu* wat] %[s f ! ?9 appe>ance ( ! fluid4 ,:]e ! smell or appe>ance are cause = suspicion1 or !re is any o!r cause1 a sample may be sav$ & su* te/s z are at h& may be appli$4 ,! s-call$ lactomet] w %[ :e!r ! specific gravity is bel[ or above ! normal /&>d4 ,! cream gauge w give ! p]c5t ( cream at a giv5 temp]ature4 ,if1 aft]w>d1 a sample "r f ! h]d1 tak5 s z to "k t x has n be5 tamp]$ )1 %[s bett] quality by ^! two te/s1 x is pretty conclusive evid5ce t ! milk f :i* ! factory sample 0 tak5 0 n 9 a normal condition4 ,if ! h]d has be5 subject to no *ange ( fe$ or conditions betwe5 ! times ( tak+ ! two samples1 any jury w\ld be safe 9 br++ 9 a v]dict aga9/ ! def5dant = wat]+1 skimm+1 or o!rwise tamp]+ ) 8 milk1 z ! facts 9 evid5ce might indicate4 ,,bad ,,milk4 ,s\r or ta9t$ milk1 to any p]ceptible degree1 ought n to be receiv$ at ! factory4 ,"o su* mess w injure1 if x does n spoil1 a :ole bat*4 ,! s\r milk is likely to lead to a s\r1 leaky bat*1 & ! ta9t$ milk to huffy if n float+ curd1 & por\s1 quickly (f-flavor & decay+ *eese4 ,we h little pati5ce ) ^? :o deliv] su* milk1 & none ) ^? :o attempt to devise means to "w x into palatable *eese & ?us to get x into ! unsuspect+ /oma*s ( ! consum]s4 ,x is too mu* l mak+ omelets ( rott5 eggs4 ,?is is especially ! case ) ta9t$ milk4 ,! fir/ /ages ( s\r+ are n s objectionable1 s f> z :olesom5ess is conc]n$4 ,s\r milk may make good pot-*eese to :i* we d n object1 b x w n make good ,am]ican *$d> *eese4 ,to attempt to "w x into ?is is ! wor/ use x c be put to4 ,,weigh+4 ,all possible precautions %\ld be tak5 to avoid mi/akes 9 weigh+ & giv+ cr$it4 ,a ha/y comp>ison ( ea* mess ) t ( ! previ\s "o deliv]$ by ! same man w indicate any m>k$ dep>ture f weight & s]ve z a *eck aga9/ error4 ,x is well to always ann\nce ! weight to ! patron1 :o !n has a *ance = comp>ison ) 8 av]age or previ\s messes4 ,he w be pretty likely to m5tion any m>k$ v>iation1 especially if x is aga9/ him4 ,"s patrons l to h a pass-book1 9 :i* ! weight ( ea* mess is ent]$4 ,?is is a little tr\ble to ! receiv] :5 9 a hurry1 b x is a complete *eck aga9/ errors ( entry on ! factory book1 & aga9/ ! =getfulness ( ! patron1 :o may get ! impression t he has deliv]$ m milk 9 a giv5 "t ?an he has be5 cr$it$ )4 ,ev]y?+ t gu>ds aga9/ error or misund]/&+ w be f\nd to pay & give satisfaction to hone/ m54 ,an hone/ factoryman n only wants to be "r1 b to appe> "r & h ! confid5ce ( 8 patrons4 ,a di%one/ "o w want to appe> "r1 & x is well to take su* precautions z w make him :at he appe>s4 ,see t ! weigh+ c is prop]ly balanc$1 t ! scales are true1 & t ! weights are correct4 ,an hone/ man w be> wat*+1 & x is absolutely necess>y to wat* a rogue4 ,:]e ! milk is sold to ! factory1 ( c\rse all int]e/ 9 ! matt] ) ! patron ends :5 he gets 8 milk correctly weigh$ & 8 money = x4 ,:]e ! pro rata sy/em is c>ri$ out1 ?is int]e/ ext5ds to ! weigh+ ( ! *eese1 its m>ket+ & ! division ( ! proce$s4 ,,keep+ ,,milk4 ,:5 ! milk is 9 ! *eese vat1 x %\ld be /irr$ & air$ at night until ! temp]ature is d[n to #gj degrees1 if x is to /& quiet2 if an agitator is us$1 :i* is pref]able1 no fur!r att5tion ne$ be paid to ! milk b to see t ! supply ( cold wat] is ample & cont9u\s4 ,z to mix+ ! morn+'s ) ! night's milk1 x appe>s to be pref]able to work+ up ! two milk+s sep>ately4 ,,butt] ,,mak+4 ,!re really are b f\r sy/ems ( sett+ milk = cream1 not)/&+ ! num]\s inv5tions & devices4 ,^! are3 #a4 ,cool+ 9 wat]2 #b4 cool+ 9 air2 #c4 %all[ sett+2 #d4 deep sett+4 ,,deep ,,sett+ ,,& ,,wat] ,,cool+4 ,deep sett+1 :e!r 9 pails or pans1 is always accompani$ ) wat] & ! use ( ice4 ,9 _m in/ances1 h[ev]1 :]e runn+ wat] is abundant1 ice is disp5s$ )1 & ! pails are set 9 pools or tanks1 :ile ! pans h wat] run ar\nd !m1 if n "u !m4 ,"u-cool+1 h[ev]1 is pretty well und]/ood to be a disadvantage1 unless ! vessel conta9+ ! milk is subm]g$ 9 wat] or ne>ly s4 ,ice is a good deal us$1 & ! milk rapidly run d[n 9 temp]ature4 ,"s ?9k ?is is ! bett] z well z ! quick] way1 if n ! only way to get all ! cream4 ,our only objection to ?is rapid cool+ is t x runs ! temp]ature too l[1 &1 9 our op9ion1 injures ! keep+ quality ( ! product4 ,,effect ,,( ,,too ,,l[ ,,cool+4 ,if run bel[ #dj degrees1 or ! po9t :]e wat] beg9s to exp&1 all cool+ bel[ t po9t less5s ! diff]5ce 9 specific gravity betwe5 ! wat] & ! fat globules1 & op]ates diametrically 9 ! opposite direction to :at is desir$4 ,! aim is to cond5se ! wat]1 :i* is a good conductor1 & leave ! fat globules1 :i* are poor conductors1 un*ang$ or b slightly contract$4 ,9 ?is way1 ! heavi] fluid settles & drives ! light p>ticles ( fat upw>d to re/ on ! surface4 ,b1 if we g bel[ #dj degrees1 we produce ! directly opposite effect & ret>d ! ris+ ( ! cream4 ,= quality1 we pref] ! sl[] cool+ 9 wat]1 & ?9k ! long] "t giv5 w secure all ! cream available & 9 a pur] condition4 ,,butt]milk ,,flavor4 ,if m cream or butt] is obta9$ by rapid cool+1 we ?9k x is because m p>ticles ( case9e are entangl$ 9 ! cream & rema9 9 ! butt] :5 *urn$4 ,?is w\ld ( c\rse make m weight = m>ket1 b ( inf]ior quality & soon] to g (f flavor4 ,b :]e ! butt] is consum$ fre% f ! *urn1 ?is does n matt] s mu*2 & if ! p>ticles ( case9e give ! butt] a slight butt]milk flavor1 x pleases "s palates t h be5 educat$ to l x4 ,we1 h[ev]1 pref] ! sweet1 delicate flavor ( cream butt]1 free f case9e or lactic acid4 ,b1 if "o has a special l9e ( cu/om]s1 he mu/ please !m1 :atev] ! dem& may be4 ,if ! butt] is ?r[n on ! g5]al m>ket1 & !re is liable to be delay 9 gett+ x into consumption1 x _c be made too pure1 nor reta9 its rosy flavor too long4 ,,%all[ ,,sett+ ,,& ,,air ,,cool+4 ,g5]ally1 9 %all[ sett+1 :e!r 9 l>ge or small pans1 cool+ ! milk 9 air is dep5d$ ^u4 ,=m]ly1 an und]gr\nd room1 or "o 9 a %ady place1 0 ! only appliance usually resort$ to = cool+4 ,b1 ( late ye>s1 "s me?od ( artificially cool+ ! air by ! use ( ice is g5]ally adopt$4 ,9 "s cases1 ! milk room is made small1 ) l[ ceil+ & d\ble walls1 s t a cake ( ice ne> ! ceil+ does ! cool+4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 "s sort ( refrig]ator con/ruction is resort$ to1 s t cool air f ! ice-h\se1 or ice plac$ above ! milk room1 is introduc$ to regulate ! temp]ature & keep x /eady4 ,we pref] cool+ 9 air1 ?\gh x may take a little m space & "t4 ,by ?is me?od1 extremely rapid cool+ & l[ temp]ature are avoid$1 & no viol5ce is done to ! milk or cream4 ,deep sett+1 x is true1 exposes less surface to ! air2 b if ! milk is n subm]g$1 ! surface is likely to be cool] ?an ! air above1 & to cond5se ! vapor 9 x1 :i* falls ) all its impurities on ! surface ( ! cream4 ,any f\lness or bad odors are ?us absorb$ & g into ! butt] product4 ,:ile subm]g+ obviates ?is objection & keeps out all impurities f ! air1 x also prev5ts all escape ( bad odors by evaporation4 ,:atev] t is objectionable may be 9 ! milk is reta9$ !re4 ,by sett+ 9 op5 air1 :i* %\ld ( c\rse always be pure & sweet1 ! air1 be+ cool$ d[n & us$ z a m$ium = cool+ ! milk1 takes up ! exhalations ( moi/ure & odor f ! milk1 & ?us purifies x4 ,! cold] m$ium is always ! cond5s] & absorb5t1 & x is only :5 ! milk gets cold] ?an ! air above x t x cond5ses ! moi/ure 9 ! air & absorbs its odor4 ,?is w nev] occur :]e cold air is ! cool+ m$ium4 ,! milk !oretically c nev] get cool] ?an ! air1 :ile practically x rema9s a degree or two w>m] ?an ! air4 ,,oxydiz+ ,,cream4 ,!re is ano!r advantage 9 us+ ! air z a cool+ m$ium4 ,9 %all[ sett+1 m surface is expos$ & ! air1 com+ 9 contact ) ! surface1 imp>ts to x a portion ( its oxyg51 :i* m+les ) ! oils & develops t f9e butt] flavor s mu* reli%$ by mo/ & :i* is a peculi>ity ( f9e butt]4 ,aga91 sl[ cool+ gives m "t = ?is oxydation to g on1 & ?us rip5 ! cream = *urn+ )\t s\r+ x4 ,?is leaves all ! f9e flavor 9 x1 unmix$ ) flavors result+ f acidification4 ,b1 :]e milk is set deep = cream+--& especially :]e !re is no exposure to ! air1 z is ! case 9 subm]g+--no butt] flavor is develop$1 & ! cream has to be kept until s\r be=e x is prop]ly oxydiz$4 ,!re is n a full developm5t ( butt] flavor prop]1 b developm5t ( flavor result+ f ! m+l+ ( lactic acid ) ! oils4 ,b )\t ?is exposure & acidification1 ! butt] is insipid & comp>atively flavorless4 ,any subsequ5t exposure to ! air soon ?r[s ! butt] (f flavor1 ! oxyg5 m+l+ ) ! fats alone :ile ! cream is ris+ & /ill sweet4 ,?is developm5t ( flavor by oxydation is n m]e !ory2 x has be5 sci5tifically demon/rat$ at ,cornell ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york1 if n else:]e1 & mu/ soon] or lat] be g5]ally accept$ & butt] mak+ proce$ on a m rational & c]ta9 basis4 ,b x is h>d "w to get p out ( old ruts1 or to ov]come fix$ habits & prejudices4 ,really sci5tific butt] mak+1 9 :i* e /ep w be ?or\ghly und]/ood & delib]ately tak51 is a ?+ ( ! future4 ,x w come 9 "t1 & !n our desc5dants w wond] :y we 7 s /upid & sl[ z n to see & adopt ! simple/ pr9ciples :5 !y 7 ?ru/ into our v faces4 ,b m9d & judgm5t are matt]s ( gr[?1 ! same z ev]y?+ else 9 ?is univ]se ( be+4 ,,skimm+ ,,milk4 ,s _m improvem5ts or inv5tions h be5 introduc$ 9 ! sett+ ( milk = cream t ! t]m skimm+ has become almo/ a misnom]4 ,9 bo? deep & %all[ sett+1 arrangem5ts h be5 made 9 sev]al ( ! pat5t pans & cans = draw+ out ! milk f ! bottom & leav+ ! cream4 ,glass gauges are set 9 ! vessels s t ! exact dep? ( ! cream c be se51 & ! milk drawn d[n close to ! cream or a small am\nt ( ! upp] portion ( ! milk left ) ! cream4 ,9 skimm+ ) a skimm] or dipp]1 _m aim to take ! upp] portion ( ! milk1 on ! !ory t ! sep>ation is less p]fect t[>d ! top ?an x is l[] d[n4 ,especially may ?is be done :]e a dipp] or skimm] )\t holes is us$4 ,x is claim$ by "s c>eful exp]im5t]s & close obs]v]s t ?is adds to ! quantity ( butt] yield$ )\t det]iorat+ ! quality4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,skim4 ,:e!r skimm+ (f ! cream or draw+ (f ! milk be practic$1 ! "q arises z to ! prop] "t = p]=m+ ! op]ation4 ,! m g5]al practice is to skim j z ! milk gives unmi/akable signs ( acidity1 or ?ick5s a v little on ! bottom ( ! pan or c4 ,a few pref] to skim ! cream sweet1 & /ill ano!r few let ! milk lopp]4 ,?is wide div]g5ce ( op9ion & practice %[s h[ v imp]fectly is ! real philosophy ( butt] mak+ und]/ood2 b1 not)/&+ ?is1 ea* "o is usually v t5aci\s 9 8 belief z to ! sup]iority ( 8 own practice4 ,a few fancy butt] mak]s say t ! f9e/ butt] is made f sweet cream1 rais$ 9 cold air by %all[ sett+4 ,x is insi/$ by !m t air+ & oxydiz+1 & n s\r+1 is :at rip5s cream & fits x = easy *urn+1 :ile ?is air+ & oxydiz+ imp>ts ! f9e aroma s mu* desir$ 9 ! f9e/ butt]4 ,?is view ( ! orig9 or developm5t ( flavor is su/a9$ by exp]im5ts made at ,cornell ,univ]sity1 at ! sugge/ion or "u ! sup]vision ( ,pr(4 ,l4,b4 ,arnold4 ,x is also claim$ t ! lack ( flavor & ! %ort-keep+ ( sweet-cream butt] *urn$ f cream rais$ by deep sett+ is due to its lack ( oxyg51 & t s\r+ ! cream ?us rais$1 be=e *urn+1 bo? oxydizes x & imp>ts a rank] & m positive flavor result+ f ! effects ( ! lactic acid4 ,we ?9k bo? propositions look reasonable1 & we %\ld l to see a s]ies ( sci5tific exp]im5ts made to det]m9e bo? ! effects ( oxyg5 & ! effects ( lactic acid on ! butt] product ( cream4 ,at pres5t1 !ory & practice v>y s widely ) diff]5t butt] mak]s :o turn out a high-pric$ butt] = ! m>ket1 t "o is l$ to d\bt all !ories & qu]y :e!r ! quality ( butt] does n dep5d on some?+ n yet kn[n1 :i* is indep5d5t ( all curr5t !ories & practices4 ,,*urn+4 ,& z to ! prop] "t ( *urn+1 !re is an equal div]g5ce ( op9ion & practice4 ,"o *urns 8 cream sweet1 ano!r wants x slightly *ang$1 a ?ird wants positive acidity 9 ! cream1 & a f\r? lopp]s ! cream1 :ile a fif? lets ! cream /& ev5 twelve h\rs aft] lopp]+--& ?is extremely s\r cream butt] sells = ! v highe/ m>ket price4 ,s we are left all at sea1 s f> z acidity is an elem5t 9 butt] mak+4 ,aga91 to fur!r illu/rate ^! extremes1 :ile a g5tleman 9 ,v]mont is sett+ 8 neighbors agog by rais+ cream 9 a vacuum1 a ,canada g5tleman is exp]im5t+ ) an inv5tion to raise cream by hydro/atic pressure & get ! fat ( ! milk s pure z to disp5se ) *urn+4 ,we hope bo? w succe$4 ,,temp]atures4 ,!re is n s wide a diff]5ce 9 op9ion & practice z reg>ds ! temp]ature at :i* *urn+ %\ld be done 9 ord] to secure ! be/ results2 yet !re is q a wide range--f #ee degrees to #fe degrees--or #aj degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,b only a few g z high z #fe degrees or z l[ z #ee degrees4 ,! great majority favor #fj degrees to #fc degrees z ! prop] range ( temp]ature = diff]5t seasons & conditions4 ,"s favor #eh degrees to #fj degrees1 & all appe> satisfi$ ) results4 ,x is n improbable t diff]5t degrees ( acidity 9 ! cream require diff]5t degrees ( temp]ature = *urn+1 & t sweet cream requires /ill ano!r v>iation ( temp]ature4 ,s ! bre$1 condition ( ! c[s1 k9d ( fe$1 quality ( fe$1 "* ( ! wat] drank1 l5g? ( "t ! c[s h be5 9 milk1 & o!r consid]ations1 require v>iations 9 ! temp]ature4 ,sure we are t ! diff]5ce 9 conditions & surr\nd+s mu/ expla9 "s ( ! diff]5ces ( op9ions & practices among butt] mak]s4 ,,:at ,,makes ,,! ,,butt] ,,come4 ,x is n kn[n :e!r concussion or friction1 or bo?1 cause ! sep>ation ( ! butt] f ! butt]milk 9 *urn+4 ,b we suspect t concussion is ! real ag5t t produces ! sep>ation1 z we h really se5 no *urn t did n 9 "s way produce m or less concussion4 ,all ! *urns we h se5 us$ appe>$ to produce good results1 & we f9d e dairyman is satisfi$ ) ! "w ( ! *urn he uses1 :atev] ! k9d1 /yle or pat5t4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 recomm5d any /yle ( *urn z sup]ior to ano!r1 b we pref] ! simple & less exp5sive =ms1 z n only co/+ less b be+ easi] to keep clean4 ,! *urn+ %\ld be /eady & n viol5t4 ,a too rapid or sudd5 sep>ation ( ! butt] f ! butt]milk is n desirable4 ,x is no recomm5d = a *urn t x *urns quick4 ,su* a *urn is apt to injure ! s-call$ gra9 ( ! butt] & make x salvy & greasy4 ,! lea/ *urn+ t w sep>ate ! butt] f ! butt]milk is ! be/4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,/op ,,*urn+4 ,! improv$ mod]n me?od1 n[ 9 practice by ! be/ butt] mak]s g5]ally1 is to /op ! *urn z soon z ! butt] is collect$ 9 p>ticles ! size ( :eat k]nels4 ,j be=e ?is1 :5 ! fir/ signs ( ! sep>ation ( ! butt] is se51 ! sides ( ! *urn are wa%$ d[n ) cold wat]--usually bel[ #fj degrees1 or ab\t #ee degrees--to n only prev5t wa/e1 b to h>d5 ! butt] & make x easi] to h&le4 ,:5 ! granules are ! size ( :eat k]nels1 ! butt] is drawn (f or ! butt] tak5 out ( ! butt]milk1 z ! case may be4 ,if ! butt] is left 9 ! *urn1 wat] is p\r$ 9 to float ! butt]1 :i* is !n g5tly agitat$ a mom5t & ! wat] drawn (f4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ until ! wat] runs cle>4 ,sometimes "o ( ! wa%+s is 9 br9e1 :i* coagulates ! case9e into a soluble =m & prep>es x to be wa%$ out aft]w>d4 ,9 ?is way1 x is believ$ t pur]1 long]-keep+ butt] c be made4 ,9 "s cases1 h[ev]1 butt] mak]s h cu/om]s :o want a butt]milk flavor 9 _! butt]4 ,!y1 !re=e1 d n wa% ! butt]1 or wa% x v little4 ,su* butt] mu/ be consum$ at once1 z x w n keep4 ,,work+4 ,by ?is me?od ( reta9+ ! butt] 9 a granulat$ =m1 only suffici5t work+ is requir$ to ev5ly "w 9 ! salt4 ,! less work+ ! bett]4 ,,salt+4 ,! salt1 aft] ! butt] is prop]ly dra9$1 c be c>efully mix$ ) ! butt] by /irr+4 ,:5 ?or\ghly incorporat$1 b>ely press+ ! butt] toge!r into a solid mass is all t is ne$$4 ,if "o does n want butt] v salty to ! ta/e1 x c be ev5ly & nicely salt$ by completely wett+ x ) saturat$ br9e1 !n c>efully press+ ! granulat$ butt] toge!r & leav+ 9 x z mu* ( ! /rong br9e z w rema94 ,we h se5 butt] salt$ 9 ?is way1 & x 0 v ev5ly & completely salt$1 hav+ 9 x no undissolv$ gra9s ( salt1 b x 0 n z salt to ! ta/e z "s l4 ,ab\t an ounce to ! p\nd is good salt+2 b m or less salt mu/ be us$ to suit ! ta/e ( cu/om]s4 ,none b ref9$ salt %\ld be put into butt]4 ,no salt is bett] = ?is purpose ?an ! ,onondaga ,f4,f41 :i* is ,am]ican1 & ! *eape/ salt fit = dairy use t c be obta9$4 ,! pr9cipal (fice ( ! salt 9 butt] is to imp>t an agreeable flavor1 9 conjunction ) ! natural aroma ( f9e butt]2 b x is a fact t too mu* salt injures good flavor1 & x may1 to "s ext5t1 be us$ to cov] up or neutralize bad flavors4 ,we d n recomm5d its use = ?is latt] purpose1 pref]r+ t ! natural flavor ( butt] f pure cream %\ld be pres]v$4 ,,salt ,,z ,a ,,pres]vative4 ,salt does v little to pres]ve butt]4 ,x ret>ds ! decomposition ( ! case\s & album9\s mat]ials left 9 x2 b if butt] is prop]ly made ( cream n mix$ ) lopp]$ milk & is completely wa%$ ) pure wat]1 x is a fair "q if butt] w n keep long] )\t salt ?an ) x4 ,!re are in/ances on record :]e butt] has be5 kept sweet )\t salt = a long "t4 ,we half suspect t1 ?\gh salt at fir/ ret>ds decomposition1 ! salt itself1 9 "t1 decomposes & becomes sodium & *lor9e gas1 or ent]s into new comb9ations ) ! con/itu5ts ( ! butt]1 & ?us makes new comp\nds t d n 9 ! lea/ improve ! flavor4 ,we h no positive evid5ce ( ?is1 b h _h ?is suspicion awak5$ by facts relat$ ab\t ! keep+ ( butt] & by a process ( g5]al reason+4 ,x is true t salt is "o ( ! mo/ /able comp\nds kn[n1 b we h pro( t x c be resolv$ into its orig9al elem5ts1 :5 /rong] aff9ities are pres5t$ = "o or bo? ( !m to unite )4 ,x w\ld n1 !re=e1 be /range if su* decomposition sometimes foll[s :5 us$ 9 our food prep>ations4 ,,pack+ ,,butt]4 ,x is q a knack to prop]ly pack butt] 9 l>ge packages1 & ! "w ne$s to be c>efully done4 ,"s use x too viol5tly1 by p\nd+ x d[n1 & ?us mak+ ! butt] greasy or oily4 ,x %\ld be g5tly press$ toge!r 9 ! package 9 su* a way z to leave no spaces fill$ ) air1 = ! air w surely m+le ) ! surr\nd+ butt] & injure its flavor4 ,a good way is to beg9 ! pressure at ! c5t] & "w c>efully t[>d ! circumf]5ce1 s t all air may escape at ! sides4 ,9 ?is way1 p]fect solidity ( ! mass is secur$1 & x is left 9 ! be/ condition = keep+1 s f> z ! pack+ is conc]n$4 ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,package4 ,be=e putt+ ! butt] 9 ! package1 ! package %\ld be soak$ 9 wat]1 s z to remove ! ta/e ( ! wood1 & !n ?or\ghly soak$ 9 saturat$ br9e1 s t ! wood w n draw ! salt f ! butt] :i* comes 9 contact ) x4 ,if x does1 ! butt] ?us depriv$ ( salt w turn :ite1 h a sicki% flavor1 & soon turn rancid4 ,x is a good idea to n only spr9kle a ?9 lay] ( salt ov] ! bottom ( ! package1 b to rub ! moi/ inn] sides ) dairy salt1 & ?us make sure t !re is salt en\gh 9 contact ) ! wood to prev5t its absorb+ ! salt f ! butt]4 ,,clos+ ,,! ,,package4 ,:5 a package is fill$1 a piece ( ?9 musl91 cut s z to j fit into ! top ( ! package & completely cov] ! butt]1 %\ld be wet 9 cold wat] & c>efully plac$ ov] ! top1 hav+ ! edges press$ d[n close to ! sides ( ! tub4 ,!n ! clo? %\ld be completely cov]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( salt2 & if ! salt is moi/5$1 s z to =m ( x a ?ick pa/e t w become air-tight :5 x dries1 x w d mu* to keep ! top ( ! butt] clean & sweet--= ! m ne>ly air tight ! package is :5 complet$ ! bett] x is = ! pres]vation ( ! butt]4 ,!n put on ! cov]1 & seal ! :ole z tightly z possible4 ,,/or+4 ,remove ! package to a cool1 sweet place1 n above ! temp]ature ( #fj degrees1 & set x s t x w absorb no moi/ure or odors f ! gr\nd4 ,mu* butt] is spoil$ by keep+1 because ( neglect+ ! temp]ature1 & sett+ ! bottom ( ! package directly on ! cell> bottom4 ,if kept at a temp]ature above #fj degrees1 butt] w surely g (f flavor1 & wood w z surely draw moi/ure f ! gr\nd1 if 9 contact ) x1 & become s\r & mu/y1 soon] or lat] affect+ ! flavor ( ! butt] )9 ! package4 ,no?+ is to be lo/1 b all to be ga9$1 by pay+ att5tion to ^! little ?+s4 ,,/yle ,,( ,,package4 ,( c\rse1 :]e a mak] has a special m>ket = 8 butt]1 he w put x up 9 su* /yle & =m ( package z suits 8 cu/om]s4 ,he ne$s no o!r guide & w\ld injure 8 bus9ess if he foll[$ "o4 ,b1 = g5]al m>ket purposes1 ! #ej lb4 tub is ! be/ =m4 ,! ,new ,york & ,bo/on deal]s l ?is because x is conv5i5t = ! retail]1 :o c readily slip ! tub (f f ! butt] = ei!r weigh+ or cutt+ up = 8 cu/om]s4 ,b aside f ^! consid]ations1 ! ,wel% tub is a v bad =m ( package = keep+ butt]1 z x is by no means air-tight nor any?+ approa*+ x4 ,h5ce1 butt] s5t to m>ket 9 ^! tubs mu/ soon be sold & g into consumption1 or !re is mat]ial depreciation 9 quality & a correspond+ loss 9 price4 ,! old-fa%ion$ firk91 :i* c\ld be head$ up & ! butt] cov]$ ) br9e1 is a mu* bett] package = keep+ butt]4 ,b1 :]e butt] is consum$ z fa/ z x is made1 & fre% w9t] made butt] supplies ! dem& ?r\gh ! cold season1 ! keep+ ( butt] = any consid]able l5g? ( "t is n ( s mu* consid]ation4 ,we ?9k x =tunate t ?is is s4 ,,*eese ,,mak+4 ,s mu* has be5 writt5 & said1 & s little und]/ood1 ab\t *eese mak+1 t x seems almo/ a hopeless task1 z well z a ?ankless "o1 to attempt to say any?+ m on ! subject4 ,s\r ignoramuses & float+ *>latans h spoil$ m curds ?an h be5 spoil$ by any defect 9 ! milk4 ,s\r1 :ey-soak$ *eese has be5 ! rage1 & x is g5]ally suppos$ t acid alone makes a firm *eese1 :5 ! exp]i5ce ( e *eese mak] is t x is v difficult1 by ! ord9>y processes1 to make a firm curd out ( s\r milk--:i*1 ( c\rse1 no "o ought to be ask$ to make into *eese--unless x be pot-*eese4 ,acid may make a curd solid1 b n until x has cut out a l>ge %>e ( ! goodness ( ! curd1 & ! *eese result+ w be ab\t z dige/ible z s mu* putty4 ,,duty ,,( ,,patrons4 ,x is ! duty ( e patron ( a *eese factory to s5d good milk to x1 & to s5d ! milk 9 good condition4 ,x is n only 8 duty1 b 8 int]e/ to d ?is4 ,a bad mess ( milk may spoil a :ole vat-full4 ,?is n only entails loss on 8 neighbor1 :]e ! factory is run on ! pro rata plan1 b ! patron mu/ /& 8 %>e ( ! loss4 ,aside f ! loss entail$ on o!rs & himself1 he ought to be a%am$ to deliv] milk 9 a bad condition4 ,!re is no valid excuse = x4 ,x ought to be 8 pride to deliv] milk 9 z good condition z anybody does4 ,if he _c1 he %\ld leave ! bus9ess1 & g into some?+ 9 :i* he has ! ability to excel4 ,c>e & cleanl9ess1 if ! c[s are heal?y & h prop] food1 w insure good milk always4 ,,unreasonable ,,expectation4 ,x is unreasonable to expect a *eese mak] to turn a prime article ( *eese out ( poor milk4 ,if "o c>ries %oddy clo? to ! tailor1 he expects a %oddy suit 9 return1 n a broadclo? "o4 ,s1 if he c>ries bad milk to ! factory1 he mu/ expect bad *eese4 ,if he takes s\r apples to ! cid] mill1 he does n expect sweet-flavor$ cid]1 b s\r4 ,s1 if he c>ries s\r milk to ! *eese factory1 he mu/ expect s\r *eese4 ,^! defects1 :5 !y exi/ 9 a small degree1 may be ov]come1 or ne>ly s1 & a passable *eese made4 ,b1 is ! *eese made f imp]fect milk really a fit article ( food8 ,:o w\ld "w rott5 eggs into cu/>d1 or s\r meal into bread8 ,yet ?is is j z consi/5t z work+ s\r or ta9t$ milk into *eese1 & ! product is j z :olesome4 ,t :i* makes /9k+ eggs makes /9k+ milk--decay$ album5--:i* is j z :olesome 9 ! "o z 9 ! o!r4 ,,gu>antees4 ,! *eese mak] :o gu>antees 8 *eese is v fooli% if he does n insi/ on a gu>antee ( good milk1 nor %\ld he be compell$ to rely on 8 judgm5t =m$ 9 ! ha/e ( receiv+ ! milk4 ,a tricky man may juggle a bad mess ( milk on to ! be/ exp]t4 ,h[ c ! *eese mak] tell :e!r ! milk is f a g>getty udd]1 or ! fir/ milk aft] calv+--bo? ( :i* may develop 9 a v (f5sive way :5 ! milk is heat$ up8 ,s ! milk may be s ne>ly ta9t$ or s ne>ly s\r t x w n /& ! process ( heat+ up & cook+4 ,! law ought to be v sev]e on ! man :o deliv]s bad milk at a factory1 or sells x to anyone4 ,! factoryman :o pays ! price ( good milk = s\r or ta9t$ milk is c]ta9ly v %ort-sight$1 & _c long ma9ta9 ! respect ( ! man :o sells x to him1 nor su/a9 himself pecuni>ily4 ,! man :o pays ca% = milk has ! "r1 above all o!rs1 to dem& t ! milk %all be sweet & :olesome4 ,?is is "o po9t t %\ld be insi/$ ^u--! deliv]y ( good milk 9 good condition4 ,,heat+4 ,aft] ! milk is all 91 or ! requisite am\nt is 9 ! vat1 ! heat may at once be />t$ & rais$ to "s po9t betwe5 #hj & #hf degrees4 ,if we set bel[ ?is1 ! r5net works too sl[2 if we set above1 x is ?\ght to "w too fa/--s cu/om has fix$ ^u ?is range ( temp]ature = sett+1 & !re appe>s to be no valid objection to x4 ,b :ile ! temp]ature ( ! milk is be+ rais$1 & be=e1 x %\ld receive frequ5t /irr+s to keep ! cream f ris+1 & ?us becom+ p>tially or :olly wa/$4 ,! r5net %\ld by no means be add$ until ! temp]ature /ops ris+--or s ne>ly s t by ! "t ! r5net is /irr$ 9 & ! /irr+ /opp$1 because ! milk beg9s to coagulate1 a /ation>y temp]ature w h be5 rea*$4 ,,color+4 ,! color+ fluid %\ld be add$ j be=e ! r5net is--unless :ite *eese is made4 ,!re is a limit$ dem& = :ite *eese = ! ,london m>ket4 ,b d n make ! color too high--z !re is a limit$ dem& = high-color$ goods1 & ?is ma9ly f ! ,s\?1 9 spr+ & fall4 ,nor %\ld ! color be too pale1 z !re is really no dem& = pale *eese4 ,x %\ld be ei!r :ite or ( a m$ium hue--a bright1 gold5 yell[4 ,!re is a dem& = uni=mity ( color1 z buy]s (t5 want l>ge lots1 all ( ! same hue or %ade4 ,9 select+ su* a lot1 !y may rule out fir/-class *eese t is too pale or too high-color$4 ,! univ]sal use ( ! same manufacture ( color+ extract gu>ante$ ( uni=m /r5g?1 might secure uni=mity 9 color+4 ,b ?is is d\btful & difficult4 ,a bett]1 & we ?9k1 a feasible way1 w\ld be to h a /&>d color--l ^? accompany+ pa9ts--furni%$ to e *eese mak] z a guide1 & let him color to x z ne>ly z possible4 ,9 ?is way1 a close approximate to uni=mity ( color might be secur$4 ,he c\ld !n use :atev] color+ fluid he *ose1 & 8 eye w\ld be 8 guide4 ,color+ does n improve ! product4 ,if x does no h>m1 x does no good beyond gratify+ ! eye & deceiv+ ! palate ?r\gh ! common notion t high color & high flavor g toge!r4 ,,sett+4 ,!oretically1 #ih degrees or blood heat w\ld seem to be ! temp]ature = sett+1 z r5net is ! mo/ active at ?is po9t4 ,usually1 #hb degrees 9 w>m wea!r1 & #hf degrees 9 cool wea!r1 are ! po9ts at :i* ! r5net is add$ 9 sett+4 ,b !re is no reason = a diff]5t temp]ature at diff]5t seasons1 except t 9 cool wea!r ! temp]ature is liable to run d[n a little--:i* %\ld n & w\ld n be ! case1 if ! make room 7 s con/ruct$ t ! temp]ature c\ld be controll$ & kept at summ] heat4 ,,o!r ,,details4 ,en\gh r5net %\ld be add$1 z a rule1 to cause ?ick5+ ( ! milk to beg9 9 #bj m9utes1 at #hb degrees4 ,m or less r5net may be us$1 z x is design$ to h *eese cure m or less rapidly4 ,z a rule1 ! m r5net is us$1 ! l[] %\ld be ! temp]ature at :i* ! milk is set & ! curd work$4 ,agitation ( ! milk %\ld be kept up = at lea/ #ae m9utes1 :]e coagulation beg9s 9 #bj m9utes1 or z long z x c be & n prev5t a solid coagulation4 ,! /irr+ aft] ! r5net is incorporat$ is m]ely to keep ! cream f ris+4 ,! less cream gets to ! surface1 ! less wa/e !re w be4 ,9 a cool room1 :]e ! surface cools quickly & !re is a fall+ ( ! temp]ature ( ! milk1 !re w be a ?9 cream on ! surface4 ,?is w =m a s(t cream curd1 :i* w adh]e to ! sides ( ! vat1 to ! rake1 & to ! h&s1 & be q annoy+4 ,! am\nt is trifl+1 b ! annoyance ( ! ?+ is en\gh ( itself to make x desirable to keep ! cream d[n2 & a summ] temp]ature ( ! room is useful = ?is purpose1 aside f ! com=t & ! bett] h&l+ ( ! curd1 f fir/ to la/4 ,,keep ,,! ,,temp]ature ,,ev54 ,aft] ! milk beg9s to ?ick51 a clo? %\ld be ?r[n ov] ! vat to keep ! surface w>m4 ,a conv5i5t way is to tack a clo? to slats a little long] ?an ! vat is wide1 putt+ ! slats a foot or eighte5 in*es ap>t4 ,?is is easily roll$ up & set aside1 :5 n want$1 & is easily unroll$ ov] ! vat :5 ne$$4 ,!re %\ld be no rais+ ( ! temp]ature aft] ! r5net is add$ & ! mass comes to a /&/ill4 ,if !re is1 ! portion next to ! sides & 9 ! bottom ( ! vat w get ! mo/ heat1 & !re ! r5net w "w ! fa/e/ & ! curd w become t\gh be=e x is firm en\gh on ! surface4 ,!re=e1 let ! heat be /ation>y aft] ! r5net is add$ & until ! curd is cut f9e1 & keep ! heat z ev5 z possible all ?is "t4 ,,cutt+4 ,! coagulum %\ld be cut z soon z x w break clean across ! f+] :5 plac$ 9 x & lift$ g5tly upw>d4 ,?is e>ly cutt+ is ess5tial4 ,!re is seldom1 if ev]1 any wa/e f cutt+ a curd too soon4 ,! cle>e/ :ey w always be obta9$ by cutt+ e>ly4 ,! :ey exudes f ! curd mu* m freely :5 x is yet "y & t5d]--& ! only object 9 cutt+ ! curd at all is to get out ! :ey4 ,:5 cutt+ is begun1 let x be cont9u$ z exp$iti\sly z possible until x is f9i%$4 ,d n /op & let ! curd /& & t\gh54 ,x cuts m easily1 ) less friction & less wa/e by loos5+ f9e p>ticles ( curd1 :5 x is t5d] & p>ts easily be=e ! knife4 ,! m x t\gh5s1 ! h>d] x cuts1 ! m friction !re is1 ! m ! curd is torn & bruis$1 & ! m ! wa/e4 ,if we c\ld cut e>ly & cut in/antane\sly1 x w\ld be all ! bett]4 ,,cut ,,f9e4 ,cut ! curd v f9e4 ,seldom1 if ev]1 is a curd cut too f9e4 ,z ! object is to get rid ( ! :ey1 ! f9] x is cut1 ! m easily we a*ieve our object4 ,x is n z f> f ! c5t] ( a small piece ( curd = ! :ey to run out z x is f ! c5t] ( a l>ge piece4 ,by cutt+ f9e1 we expose m surface = ! :ey to run out (1 & we h small] pieces to heat up4 ,curd is a bad conductor ( heat4 ,if ! pieces are l>ge1 x takes a long "t = ! heat to sl[ly p5etrate !m :5 we want to increase x4 ,! small pieces1 !re=e1 absorb ! heat m ev5ly1 & ?is gives an ev5] action ( ! r5net4 ,,cook+4 ,aft] ! cutt+ is done1 if ! :ey is sep>at+ rapidly1 ! heat may be />t$ at once4 ,if ! action ( ! r5net is r sl[1 x is bett] to wait a few m9utes = ! curd to h>d5 a little1 :ile ) y\r h& y c>efully rub d[n ! side ( ! vat1 ?us remov+ all ! curd t may be adh]+ to x4 ,n ov] five m9utes wait+1 z a usual ?+1 is necess>y1 & g5]ally !re ne$ be no wait+4 ,b z soon z ! heat is />t$1 beg9 to g5tly /ir ! curd ) a rake1 by pass+ x d[n into ! middle ( ! vat & g5tly rais+ ! curd on ea* side4 ,if uncut pieces appe>1 c>efully sep>ate !m ) ! tee? ( ! rake4 ,keep up ?is /irr+1 :i* may be m viol5t aft] ! curd h>d5s1 until ! :ole is heat$ up to #ih or #ajj degrees--or to blood heat4 ,! reason = con/ant agitation is to keep an ev5 temp]ature ?r\gh\t ! mass & prev5t ! curd f pack+4 ,?is secures ev5 action ( ! r5net4 ,! reason = go+ to blood heat is because r5net is mo/ active at ?is po9t4 ,x is ! temp]ature indicat$ by ,nature4 ,x is ! "o at :i* we dige/ our food1 & ! "o at :i* ! calf's /oma* =ms curd & aft]w>ds dige/s x4 ,! peps9 or ga/ric juice is m pot5t at blood heat1 & ?is peps9 or r5net is :at does ! "w4 ,! heat does n cook ! curd 9 ! vat any m ?an x cooks ! milk 9 ! c['s udd]4 ,we *oose #ih degrees z ! prop] temp]ature because ! dige/ive or *ees+ process ( ! r5net goes on fa/] at ?is po9t4 ,to g above or bel[ x is to lose in/ead ( ga94 ,?is temp]ature %\ld !re=e be ma9ta9$ until ! curd is cook$--t is1 until ! action ( ! r5net has expell$ ! prop] am\nt ( :ey & ! curd is z firm z we want x4 ,an5t ! /irr+ ( curds1 use ! h&s z little z possible4 ,!re is no?+ bett] = ?is purpose ?an ! common hay rake ) ! h&le %ort5$ & "o too? cut (f f ea* end by sev]+ ! rake-head )9 ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* ( ! next too?4 ,,draw+ ,,! ,,:ey4 ,we next draw ! :ey d[n to ! curd--leav+ en\gh to /ir x 9 easily1 & cool ! :ole mass d[n to #ij degrees1 to avoid too mu* pack+1 & draw (f ! balance ( ! :ey4 ,! :ey %\ld be run (f be=e ! acid develops1 because acid1 =m$ f ! milk 9 ! sug>1 dissolves ! m9]als & cuts "s ( ! oils 9 ! curd1 & ^! run (f 9 ! :ey4 ,_m curds1 by rema9+ 9 ! :ey too long1 become :ey-soak$1 & make *eese t is soggy & h>d1 ) a s\r flavor4 ,?is k9d ( firmness is n desirable1 not)/&+ x is call$ = by buy]s1 :o seldom "k any?+ ab\t *eese mak+4 ,if ! acid develops be=e ! :ey is prop]ly expell$1 or ! curd is cook$1 x c>ries (f ! m9]als1 :i* are 9 ! =m ( phosphates1 & ?is makes ! *eese poor inde$4 ,^! phosphates are ( lime1 iron1 magnesium1 etc41 b ! pr9cipal is phosphate ( lime4 ,! aff9ity ( ^! m9]als = lactic acid is /rong] ?an = phosphoric acid2 s !y let g ( ! latt] & unite ) ! lactic acid1 =m+ lactates & leav+ ! phosphoric acid free4 ,b if we get all ( ! :ey out ( ! curd t we desire1 & !n get ! curd out ( ! :ey--t is1 draw (f ! :ey--be=e ! acid comes on1 we reta9 ! phosphates & fats 9 ! *eese--all ! goodness t belongs 9 x4 ,! acid w come on aft]w>d1 b we h r$uc$ ! sug> to a m9imum1 & ! am\nt ( acid develop$ does no s]i\s injury4 ,z ! :ey is already expell$1 ( c\rse x _c wa% out ! m9]als t are dissolv$4 ,^! rema91 & 9 ! process ( cur+ recomb9e ) ! phosphoric acid4 ,we h left 9 ! curd ab\t #c-a_/b p>ts ( ! #hg p>ts 9 #ajj p>ts ( milk4 ,! :ey left 9 ! curd conta9s1 we w say1 #a-aj? ( ! sug> t 0 9 ! milk4 ,! acid =m$ f ?is1 ?\gh too small to d any kn[n injury1 is l>ge en\gh to d all ! good requir$1 if x does any good at all4 ,we are1 !re=e1 safe :5 we get ! :ey out ( ! curd & ! curd out ( ! :ey be=e ! developm5t ( ! lactic acid4 ,,salt+4 ,:5 ! :ey is well out ( ! curd1 s z n to wa/e ! salt1 ! salt may be appli$ & /irr$ 94 ,! salt does n /op ! developm5t ( acid1 z is popul>ly suppos$4 ,:5 appli$1 x aids 9 keep+ ! curd loose4 ,!n ! curd may /&1 ) occasional /irr+1 almo/ any l5g? ( "t = ! purpose ( air+ & cool+1 ( gett+ rid ( any bad odors1 ( develop+ flavor by oxydation f contact ) ! atmosph]e1 & ( lett+ ! acid come on4 ,x is safe/ n to put ! curd to press until x has a positively clean s\r smell4 ,?is %[s t c]ta9 *emical *anges h tak5 place1 free+ ! curd ( ! gases g5]at$ by ?is process1 & prev5ts any huff+ ( ! *eese on ! %elf 9 ! cur+ room4 ,:]e *$d>+ & gr9d+ are practic$1 ! salt is ( c\rse appli$ aft] ! curd is gr\nd4 ,*$d>+ is ! easi] & saf] me?od1 z ! :ey c be drawn e>ly1 & !re is no dang] f ! acid4 ,salt+ at ! rate ( #b-a_/b lbs4 ( salt to #a1jjj lbs4 ( milk is ! usual practice & n f> f "r4 ,= long keep+1 #c lbs4 ( salt are n too mu*4 ,use none b ! be/ dairy salt--! be/ ( all ! dairy salts1 z well z ! *eape/1 be+ ! ,onondaga1 ,f4,f4 ,,putt+ ,,to ,,press4 ,aft] ! acid f]m5tation is prop]ly progress$1 ! curd %\ld be put to press at a temp]ature n mu* bel[ #hj degrees1 nor mu* above #he4 ,if high]1 x is liable to heat & ta9t ! *eese at ! c5t]2 if l[] x is difficult to face ! *eese & press ! curd toge!r prop]ly4 ,b 9 w>m wea!r1 !re is n mu* dang] ( gett+ ! curd too cool4 ,,acid ,,9 ,,*eese ,,mak+4 ,?is has be5 writt5 on s mu* t ! subject has become hackney$4 ,! acid seems to h eat5 into ! s\ls ( "s & turn$ !m s\r2 b not)/&+1 ! s-call$ sweet curd idea has made /eady progress4 ,mu* ( ! opposition has come f buy]s = export1 :o d n appe> to be able to di/+ui% betwe5 a firm *eese & a h>d *eese1 & :o ignore quality if !y get a *eese h>d en\gh to %ip1 )\t dang] ( break+1 by ! "t x is t5 days old4 ,?is has be5 demon/rat$ by ! fact t *eese condemn$ :5 gre5 z too s(t has be5 pron\nc$ by ! same buy]s f9e & all "r1 ev5 endors$ ) en?usiasm1 :5 x 0 two or ?ree mon?s old1 :i* is ab\t z "y z a fir/-class *eese %\ld be %ipp$4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,milk4 ,( c\rse1 !re w\ld be no acid 9 milk if !re 7 no sug> 9 x4 ,! proportion ( sug> is %[n by ! foll[+ analysis ( an av]age sample ( good milk made by ,dr4 ,voelck]1 ! late *emi/ ( ! ,royal ,agricultural ,society ( ,great ,brita93 ,wat] #hg4cj ,butt] #c4ge ,case9e #c4ca ,milk-sug> & extractive matt] #d4hf ,m9]al matt] 7a%7 #j4gh ------ ,total #ajj4jj ,x w be se5 by ?is t ! p] c5t4 ( sug> is at lea/ #d4ej1 if we d$uct ! extractive matt]1 ! proportion ( :i* is n giv54 ,num]\s ,g]man analyses %[ x to range f #c4ej to #e4ge p] c5t4 ,h5ry & ,*evali] put ! av]age at #d4gg1 & ,pr(4 ,l4,b4 ,arnold says milk f c[s 9 p]fect heal? %\ld conta91 dur+ ! mon? ( ,augu/1 #d4cj to #e4ej p] c5t4 ,we w call x #d4ej p] c5t4 ,!re is #hg4cj p] c5t ( wat]4 ,,:at ,,! ,,*eese ,,mak] ,,does4 ,9 sep>at+ ! solids f ! liquids1 by ! action ( r5net1 at ! prop] temp]ature1 we expel1 say #hc4cj p>ts ( ! wat]1 leav+ #d p>ts4 ,we get rid (1 say #d4bj p>ts ( ! sug>1 :i* is held 9 p]fect solution 9 ! wat]4 ,we lose1 say 4#ej ( "o "p ( butt]1 4#ca ( "o "p ( ! case9e or album9oids1 & 4#ac ( "o "p ( a%4 ,?is leaves-- ,wat] #d4jj ,butt] #c4be ,case9e #c4jj ,sug> 4#cj ,a% 4#fe ----- ,total #aa4bj ,we ?us h #aa4bj p] c5t4 ( ! #ajj p>ts out ( :i* to get our cur$ *eese4 ,a fair av]age is #aj lbs4 ( *eese = #ajj p\nds ( milk4 ,"s ( ! wat] evaporates 9 cur+1 say #a "p1 leav+ #c p>ts4 ,our #aj4bj p>ts ( *eese is !n compos$ ( ! foll[+3 ,wat] #c4jj ,butt] #c4be ,case9e #c4jj ,sug>1 or :at results f decomposition 4#cj ,a% 4#fe ----- ,total #aj4bj ,?is is a little 9 excess ( ! g5]al yield4 ,! wa/e is usually 9 ! great] am\nt ( a%1 sometimes ne>ly ! :ole ( x1 :5 ! acid develops be=e ! :ey is expell$4 ,9 t case1 ! lactic acid dissolves ! phosphates & !y run out ) ! :ey4 ,?is is s mu* loss ( +r$i5ts absolutely ess5tial to dige/ion & assimilation4 ,,:at ,,ought ,,to ,,be4 ,s f> f ?is1 !re ought to be less loss ( +r$i5ts ?an we h suppos$ 9 our illu/rative figures4 ,b m ( ! butt] is cut & runs (f ) ! :ey :5 ! acid is develop$ be=e draw+ ! :ey4 ,! aim ( ! sweet curd sy/em is to avoid ?is wa/e z mu* z possible1 especially t ( ! butt] & a%4 ,to effect ?is1 ! :ey is drawn sweet & ! acid all[$ to develop aft] ! curd is cook$ & ! :ey expell$4 ,!re ne$ be no m wat] left 9 ! curd1 b m butt] & a%1 bo? ( :i* t5d to make ! *eese s(t]4 ,b ) prop] cur+ rooms1 !re is no tr\ble 9 mak+ ! *eese firm en\gh = all practical purposes1 includ+ %ipp+4 ,x is bett] to use less r5net & n h coagulation beg9 "u #be m9utes1 cutt+ ! curd ab\t #ae or #bj m9utes lat]1 & to take m "t = cur+1 at a l[] temp]ature4 ,we !n h a firm]1 m butt]y1 & bett] flavor$ *eese1 :i* is a desid]atum4 ,b1 ) high & *ang+ temp]ature 9 ! cur+ room1 no c]ta9 or satisfactory results c be c\nt$ on4 ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice4 ,9 !ory1 we ought to prev5t ! wa/e ( butt] & case\s matt] altoge!r2 b 9 practice1 !re is always a little loss ( butt]1 & !re are c]ta9 album9\s +r$i5ts1 call$ by ! ,g]mans ziega1 :i* r5net w n coagulate4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 no means ( sav+ ?is4 ,! sug> we _c & d n want to save 9 ! *eese4 ,if reta9$1 x w\ld be injuri\s & probably spoil ! *eese1 z ! lactic acid 9 ! small am\nt ( sug> reta9$ 9 ! wat] is all t we c well manage4 ,b all matt] coagulable by r5net1 all ! butt]1 & all ! a%1 we ought to reta92 & we _c really call ourselves sci5tific *eese mak]s until we c d ?is4 ,:5 accompli%$1 a great] weight ( *eese w be ! result4 ,!re is no avoid+ ! acid result+ f ! small am\nt ( sug> reta9$ 9 ! curd2 b1 hav+ expell$ suffici5t :ey1 if we keep ! curd w>m en\gh1 & hold x 9 ! vat or ! s9k long en\gh1 ! lactic acid w come on & we %all get rid ( ! bad results ( putt+ a curd to press sweet4 ,?is acidity is absolutely necess>y ) ! g5]ality ( cur+ rooms4 ,b ) l[ & /eady temp]ature 9 ! cur+ room1 we c d ab\t z we please4 ,,r5net4 ,our rec5t obs]vations m ?an ev] conv9ce u ( ! importance ( good r5net 9 *eese mak+4 ,great evils & losses result f ! use ( bad r5net2 & ! great tr\ble is t _m *eese mak]s d n "k :5 r5net is bad4 ,!re is n only ! evil ( diseas$ & ta9t$ r5nets1 to beg9 )1 b ! prep>ation f good r5nets is (t5 spoil$ 9 ! prep>+4 ,frequ5tly1 9 hot wea!r1 !y are all[$ to ta9t :ile soak+2 & :5 ! liquid is prep>$ sweet1 x is (t5 all[$ to f]m5t & ta9t = want ( suffici5t salt & f exposure 9 a high temp]ature4 ,,soak+ ,,9 ,,:ey4 ,soak+ 9 :ey1 conta9+ all its ta9ts & impurities1 is ! s\rce ( a va/ am\nt ( f\l r5net & (f-flavor$ *eese4 ,if :ey is us$1 x %\ld be boil$ to kill ta9ts & precipitate1 z f> z possible1 ! solids rema9+ 9 x4 ,b1 d ! be/ t c be done ) x1 & /ill :ey is objectionable = soak+ r5nets1 because ( ! acid t develops 9 x f ! pres5ce ( sug>4 ,?is acid neutralizes a correspond+ am\nt ( r5net & helps to impov]i% ! *eese4 ,inde$1 if c>ri$ f> en\gh be=e ! curd is remov$ f x1 ! f9] flavor+ oils are cut by x1 ! phosphates are dissolv$1 & ^! pass out ) ! :ey1 leav+ ! *eese b little bett] ?an an indige/ible mass4 ,if ! acid adds solidity to ! *eese1 x does x by remov+ f x valuable +r$i5ts4 ,,ta9t$ ,,r5net4 ,frequ5tly1 we h enc\nt]$ r5net prep>ations t 7 n only v s\r1 b also ta9t$ & hav+ a /rong smell ( c>rion4 ,no?+ b huffy1 por\s1 /9k+ & rott5 *eese c result f ! use ( su* r5net prep>ation4 ,yet x is us$1 & ! result is attribut$ to bad milk1 or to ! pres5ce ( "s inscrutable ta9t or f]m5t1 s prone are mank9d to attribute effects to wrong causes4 ,x has be5 to u unacc\ntable t *eese mak]s %\ld use su* horrid bro? z we h se5 !m use1 if !y h any s5se ( smell :atev]1 & utt]ly a/oni%+ t !y %\ld expect good *eese to be made f us+ x4 ,) good milk1 ! *eese may appe> fairly good = sev]al days--especially if put to cur+ at a l[ temp]ature4 ,b soon] or lat]1 ! ta9t mu/ make its appe>ance4 ,possibly1 x may n %[ t5 days f ! hoops1 b ! *eese c nev] become a mell[ mass )\t also becom+ a /9k+ "o4 ,x w soon be ripe & soon rott54 ,,cur+ ,,r5nets4 ,x is usually und]/ood t r5nets are calves' /oma*s salt$ & dri$1 or o!rwise prep>$2 b x is n s c]ta9 t all ! r5nets 9 m>ket are ( ?is k9d4 ,! /oma*s ( ! "y ( all milk-eat+ animals may be us$ = curd+ milk4 ,we are n s sure b t among ,bav>ian r5nets we get ! /oma*s ( ! "y ( e animal kn[n "u ! sun4 ,!y are ( all sizes & all degrees ( /r5g?1 b are g5]ally lik$ by ^? :o use !m4 ,!y are cur$ by ty+ ! two ends1 & bl[+ ! r5nets up1 l bladd]s4 ,a bett] way1 we ?9k1 is to rub !m well ) pure dairy salt1 /ret* !m on a hoop or crot*$ /ick1 & hang !m 9 a cool dry place4 ,"s simply fill !m ) salt1 tie !m1 & hang !m up to dry4 ,a great objection to ?is is1 t ! salt is likely to draw moi/ure f ! atmosph]e1 & 9 wet wea!r ! r5nets are liable to drip & ?us lose /r5g?4 ,salt+ r5nets d[n 9 a b>rel1 z we d meat1 is consid]$ objectionable--= :at reason1 we "k n4 ,! writ] _h excell5t luck1 "o season1 ) r5nets pres]v$ 9 ?is way4 ,9 :atev] way pres]v$1 r5nets %\ld1 by all means1 be kept cool4 ,heat is f\nd to be v injuri\s1 :ile cold--ev5 freez+ & ?aw+--appe>s advantage\s4 ,possibly because ! freez+ & ?aw+ loos5 ! fib] & set ! r5net spores free4 ,,age ,,an ,,advantage4 ,no r5nets less ?an a ye> old %\ld be us$1 if x c possibly be avoid$4 ,! old r5nets1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 are /rong] & make a firm] curd ?an new ones4 ,any "o :o has exp]im5t$ ) bo? w always aim to h a supply ( good old r5nets on h&4 ,,sav+ ,,r5nets4 ,9 sav+ r5nets1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 to h !m "r4 ,! f\r? /oma* ( ! calf is :at is sav$4 ,cut x f ! adjo9+ /oma*1 at ! po9t ( junction1 & d n leave a piece ( inte/9e on ! o!r end1 b cut close to ! op5+ ( ! r5net4 ,remove /raws & dirt ( all k9ds c>efully1 b be sure to n rub (f ! delicate l9+ ( ! /oma*1 :i* is ! dige/ive or coagulative "p & v mu* incl9$ to adh]e to y\r h&s1 especially if !y are dry4 ,d n try to r9se (f any?+ m ?an ! loose dirt1 & t )\t rubb+1 = y _c rub )\t wa/e4 ,:at is bett]1 avoid hav+ dirt or any ?+ else 9 ! /oma* to remove4 ,?is y c d by lett+ ! calf g sixte5 or eighte5 h\rs )\t eat+1 & plac$ :]e x c get hold ( no?+ to swall[ be=e kill+4 ,say1 fe$ x at night & slay x ! next day ab\t noon4 ,! /oma* w !n be empty & clean & well /or$ ) peps9 = ! dige/ion ( ! next meal4 ,?is secretion1 is j :at y want4 ,! r5net is be/ :5 ! calf is six or eight days old4 ,b1 9 any case1 dige/ion %\ld be well e/abli%$ be=e kill+4 ,if ! calf %\ld g too long )\t food--z is (t5 ! case ) veal calves--! /oma* w get inflam$4 ,?is is objectionable4 ,,select+ ,,r5nets4 ,9 select+ r5nets to soak1 all discolor$ & bad smell+ ones %\ld be scrupul\sly reject$4 ,b rubb+ r5nets is a disagreeable & disgu/+ bus9ess1 & x is some:at difficult to keep y\r r5net ( uni=m /r5g?4 ,!re=e1 if good r5net extract c be b\ght at a reasonable price1 we w\ld recomm5d its use4 ,x ought to be made bett] & *eap] 9 a :olesale way ?an 9 little bat*es at ea* factory4 ,to gu>d aga9/ imposition1 "o %\ld buy only ( kn[n reputable deal]s4 ,prep>+ y\r own r5net is mu* l do+ y\r own %oe mak+4 ,x doesn't pay1 if y h got any?+ else remun]ative to d4 ,,:olesale ,,prep>ation4 ,if "o mu/ prep>e 8 own r5net1 ! bett] way is to d x 9 a lump be=e ! *eese-mak+ season beg9s4 ,get a /rong b>rel & a p\nd]--su* z us$ by wa%]wom52 also a wr+]4 ,take old r5nets & cut !m into /rips4 ,make a weak br9e ( pure wat]1 by us+ "o p\nd ( salt to tw5ty p\nds ( wat]1 & 9 ?is1 soak1 p\nd & wr+ y\r r5nets4 ,hang !m up & freeze !m2 !n soak1 p\nd & wr+ !m aga92 & s on z long z y c get any /r5g?4 ,:5 done1 c>efully settle1 skim1 & /ra9 y\r liquid4 ,put x 9 a clean b>rel or /one j>s1 put 9 all ! salt t x w dissolve1 s t a little w settle on ! bottom1 !n /op or cov] tight2 put 9 a cool place & take f x z want$ = use4 ,!re is no?+ bett] ?an saturat$ br9e = keep+ animal products4 ,be sure1 h[ev]1 t y use only ! pure/ dairy salt 9 prep>+ br9e4 ,"s say t only /one j>s %\ld be us$ = keep+ r5net4 ,we h us$ an a% tub = ! am\nt prep>$ weekly4 ,to keep ! wood f ta9t+1 we inv>iably1 e "t we dipp$ out r5net & expos$ new surface1 rubb$ x ) salt4 ,,exclud+ ,,air4 ,r5net c\ld be mu* m easily kept sweet if put 9 an air-tight vessel4 ,! ,am]ican ,disp5satory says3 ,:5 ga/ric juice is completely protect$ f ! air x may be kept un*ang$ = a longtime2 b on exposure x spe$ily und]goes decomposition1 acquires a v (f5sive odor1 & loses its *>act]i/ic dige/ive prop]ty4 ,we ?9k t ! ,disp5satory is "r4 ,! composition ( pure ga/ric juice is z foll[s3 ,wat]1 #ig4jj2 salts1 #a4ge2 peps91 #a4be2 total1 #ajj4jj4 ,!re is also a small am\nt ( free acid4 ,bo? r5net extract & peps9 are us$ z m$ic9e4 ,,cur+ ,,rooms4 ,x is h>d to det]m9e :i* is ( ! great] importance1 good r5net or prop]ly con/ruct$ cur+-rooms2 = bo? are necess>y to ! production ( ! be/ *eese1 :ile ! want ( ei!r is sure to injure if n to spoil x4 ,! importance ( controll+ ! temp]ature 9 cur+ has n yet tak5 hold ( ! popul> m9d4 ,! be/ milk 9 ! _w may be spoil$ by bad r5net1 & ! be/ curd 9 ! _w may be spoil$ by a bad cur+-room4 ,,temp]ature4 ,9 a l>ge majority ( ! cur+-rooms ( ! c\ntry1 ! temp]ature ranges f #fj degrees ,fahr5heit to #ij degrees & ev5 above4 ,sometimes ^! extremes are realiz$ )9 a few days4 ,?9k ( sett+ a curd to f]m5t+ at #hj to #ij degrees1 :5 x ought to />t at #fj to #fe degrees6 ,yet1 ?is is frequ5tly done2 & to prev5t ! *eese f huff+ & crawl+ x is propos$ by "s to make ! curd s dry & s\r 9 ! beg9n+ t heat w n s(t5 x4 ,9 ?is way1 is made :at "s buy]s /yle a firm *eese4 ,! be/ ,engli% ,*$d>s1 accord+ to ! ,am]ican ,encyclop$ia1 are set to cur+ at a temp]ature ( #fj degrees1 & are nev] all[$ to g above #gj degrees4 ,our obs]vation & exp]i5ce are t ! range ( temp]ature %\ld nev] g above #ge degrees4 ,cur+ %\ld beg9 z l[ z #fe degrees1 & no *eese %\ld be m>ket$ "u ?irty days f ! hoops4 ,:5 ! cur+ is sl[1 z x ought to be1 ! *eese w n be ripe 9 less ?an t "t4 ,if sixty days old be=e ready = m>ket1 ! bett]4 ,! hurry+ process is ev]y:]e bad = ! product1 & no am\nt ( s\r+ helps ! matt]1 h[ev] h>d x may make ! *eese & h[ev] well x may /& up 9 hot wea!r4 ,we want some?+ else besides /&+-up quality4 ,) a l[ & ev5 temp]ature = cur+1 we d n ne$ to "w all ! goodness out ( ! curd to make a firm *eese4 ,we d n h to cut ! fats & phosphates out ) acid1 nor to dry all ! moi/ure out by f9e cutt+ & high scald+ or long scald+4 ,we c /op ! cook+ :5 ! curd is ev5ly cook$ ?r\gh s z to be spr+y :5 press$ toge!r by ! h&s1 take x out ( ! :ey be=e ! acid develops1 & put x to press )\t unnecess>y delay4 ,,an ,,example4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahhd1 we ate "s *eese at ,mr4 ,n4,l4 ,br[n's1 ,gurnee1 ,ill41 :i* 0 dipp$ sweet] & put to press s(t] ?an we ev] ?\ght ( do+2 yet ! *eese 0 close-gra9$ & f9e-flavor$1 & "o t w\ld pass mu/] z a fir/-class *eese any:]e4 ,b x 0 n cur$ 9 a hot cur+ room1 nor 9 "o :]e ! temp]ature w5t up & d[n ! same z x did on ! outside ( ! build+4 ,x 0 plac$ 9 8 cell>1 at a temp]ature ( #fd degrees1 & !re rema9$ until x 0 fit to cut4 ,nor 0 x ev5 rubb$1 b occasionally turn$ ov]4 ,:5 out1 x look$ l a *eese t _h be5 kept 9 a box a ye>1 cov]$ ) mold & mites4 ,! sup]flu\s moi/ure 0 dri$ out b ! butt] 0 all left4 ,x demon/rat$ :at c be done by temp]ature4 ,_h ?is *eese be5 cur$ 9 an ord9>y cur+-room1 x w\ld h gone all out ( %ape 9 a few days--z soon z rapid f]m5tation set 9--& be5 (f flavor by ! "t x 0 t5 days old4 ,sev]al o!r *eeses 7 cur$ 9 ! same cell>1 9 ! same way1 b none ( !m 7 put to press s s(t or sweet1 b all sweet-curd *eeses1 & all butt]y & f9e4 ,?is p>ticul> "o 0 ! result ( hurry1 z o!r matt]s ?an ! curd dem&$ att5tion4 ,b ! ?\ght came t x w\ld be a good exp]im5t1 z x 01 & ! result 0 satisfactory1 ?\gh n diff]5t f :at 0 expect$4 ,*eeses made 9 ! same way z ! o!rs t 7 cur$ 9 ! cell>1 & "s cook$ m & s\r$ m1 7 made by ! same g5tleman & cur$ 9 an ord9>y cur+-room4 ,9 hot wea!r1 !y swell$ & "s ( !m got out ( %ape1 :ile ! flavor 0 %>p & r\gh4 ,b ^? 9 ! cell>1 at #fd degrees1 app>5tly nev] mov$ a hair's bread? out ( %ape1 7 z solid z old butt]1 yet firm en\gh = %ipp+ ev51 & ( ! f9e/ flavor4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say t ! cell> 0 exce$+ly clean & sweet1 & 0 well v5tilat$4 ,^! *eeses 7 a demon/ration1 if n a revelation4 ,,moi/ure ,,9 ,,cur+4 ,x %\ld be rem>k$1 by ! way1 t a cur+-room does n want to be a dry room4 ,we d n want to dry *eese2 we want to cure x2 t is1 let x g ?r\gh ! prop] *emical *ange4 ,?is x does be/ 9 a some:at moi/ room1 9 :i* ! surface does n dry & become h>d & imp]vi\s1 s t ! gases _c escape4 ,x is bett] to cont5d ) a little mold ?an a dry atmosph]e4 ,,bett] ,,*eese ,,c ,,be ,,made4 ,we see1 on turn+ to ,pr(4 ,arnold's ,am]ican ,dairy+1 t he says3 ,! temp]ature ( a cur+-room = :ole milk %\ld be #fe to #gj degrees2 = "p skims1 #ge to #hj degrees4 ,x is ?us se5 t fat plays an important "p 9 cur+4 ,! m fat1 he says1 ! cool] may be ! room2 & ! less fat1 ! w>m] may x be4 ,aga93 ,"u ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 a *eese t w /& a voyage ( #d1jjj miles c h>dly be call$ a fancy *eese4 99 99 99 ,b a mu* fanci] *eese ?an we are n[ produc+1 "o t w /& %ipp+1 c be made4 ,to d ?is w require milk to be free f "s ( ! imp]fections :i* are n[ q common2 x mu/ be transport$ to ! factories 9 mu* bett] v5tilat$ cans2 x mu/ be made ) less r5net & less acidity2 & x mu/ be cur$ 9 an ev5 & l[] temp]ature4 ,we m>k ! conclusion 9 italics1 because we believe ^! are vital po9ts4 ,we insi/ t we _c d ourselves cr$it nor realize ! be/ f9ancial results 9 *eese mak+ until we build bett] cur+ rooms--rooms 9 :i* we c control ! temp]ature )\t fail4 ,we h n yet settl$ d[n to *eese mak+4 ,we are /ill try+ exp]im5ts & resort+ to tempor>y exp$i5ts4 ,we mu/ build f> m delib]ately & = p]man5cy4 ,x is n necess>y t we %\ld po9t out j h[ a build+ may be erect$ s z to give control ( ! inside temp]ature4 ,ar*itects "k h[ to d x4 ,:5 our *eese mak]s get to ! po9t :]e !y dem& su* build+s1 !y w get !m )\t mu* tr\ble & at mod]ate exp5se4 ,x is only necess>y t !y %\ld h ! w4 ,! way w spe$ily op54 ,,:ey4 ,we notice t1 9 "s localities1 ! patrons ( ! *eese factory are v mu* int]e/$ 9 ! "q ( ! value ( :ey = fe$+ purposes--"s go+ s f> z to ass]t t :at is left ( milk 9 *eese mak+ is z valuable z :at is remov$6 ,?is is a />tl+ ass]tion1 &1 if true1 w\ld convict our dairym5 ( a va/ am\nt ( /upid wa/e4 ,is x true8 ,let u try to get at ! facts ( ! case by a direct1 common-s5se inve/igation ( x4 ,,composition ,,( ,,milk4 ,we w beg9 ) ! composition ( milk4 ,f hundr$s ( ,g]man analyses1 rang+ f #ha4cj to #ia4ej p>ts ( wat]1 we take a fair av]age analysis1 :i* we ?9k w d ju/ice to ! mix$ milk ( our be/ *eese factories3 ,wat] #hg4ah ,case9e #d4ba ,album5 4#ee ,fat #c4bd ,sug> #d4ba ,a% 4#fj ----- ,total #ii4ii ,,:at ,,is ,,tak5 ,,out ,,by ,,*eese ,,mak+4 ,n[1 9 mak+ *eese1 :at foll[s8 ,we ought to secure all ! case9e1 b we d n q4 ,!re is a small wa/e4 ,we loose all1 or ne>ly all1 ( ! album54 ,we leave 9 ! :ey mo/ ( ! sug>1 if we d n conv]t x into acid be=e gett+ rid ( ! :ey1 9 :i* case we may h an injuri\s am\nt ( ! acid 9 ! curd1 besides dissolv+ & wa%+ out ne>ly all ! a%1 :i* is compos$ ( phosphates1 pr9cipally ( iron1 magnesia & lime4 ,^! are *ang$ into lactates1 leav+ ! phosphoric acid free--n a v good food = any?+ b rats4 ,we ought to save ne>ly or q all ! a%--! phosphates4 ,b by ! ord9>y process ( *eese mak+1 ^! are ne>ly all lo/1 z is %[n by ! analyses ( :ey1 :i* probably acc\nts = ! l[ e/imate 9 ! popul> m9d ( ! value ( *eese z food1 x be+ rat$ at "o-half ! value t x w\ld h 7 ! phosphates all reta9$4 ,b1 f\r-fif?s ( ! nitrog5\s & muscle-mak+ mat]ial has be5 remov$1 & also n9e-t5?s ( ! fat1 :i* is heat produc+ & "s say furni%es motor p[]4 ,we h reta9$ 9 ! *eese #e4hd ( ! #ab4hb p>ts ( solids1 leav+ #e4ih p>ts1 #d4ba p>ts ( :i* are sug> & n want$ 9 ! *eese1 or1 at mo/1 only a fraction ( x4 ,we leave less ?an "o "p ( ! album9\s & case\s matt]1 :i* is ! mo/ valuable1 & only "o-?ird ( "o "p ( fat4 ,s !re is less ?an "o "p ( solids left besides sug>1 & ! re/ ( ! :ey is wat]4 ,,composition ,,( ,,:ey4 ,:at is :ey1 !n1 b sweet5$ wat]1 us+ sug> ( a v l[ sweet5+ quality1 ) a fraction ( album9\s matt] & a% 9 x8 ,aga91 by ! s-call$ sweet process1 :i* reta9s all1 or ne>ly all1 ! phosphates 9 ! *eese1 ! :ey is made /ill poor] by analysis4 ,only ! sug> & a fraction ( ! album9\s matt]1 n coagulat$ by r5net1 is left 9 ! :ey2 & ! am\nt ( sug> 9 milk v>ies consid]ably1 rang+1 9 a l>ge numb] ( ,g]man analyses1 f #c4j to #e4dh p] c5t4 ( sug>4 ,b let u m closely exam9e ! composition ( :ey4 ,an av]age ( eighte5 analyses made by ,voelck] is z foll[s3 ,wat] #ic4jb ,nitrog5\s matt] 4#if ,fat 4#cc ,a% 4#gj ,sug> #d4ii ,lactic acid ----- ,total #ajj4jj ,,poor ,,/uff4 ,?us x is v pla9ly to be se5 t :ey is poor /uff to fe$1 ev5 9 its be/ e/ate4 ,x has "s value to mix ) o!r foods1 if us$ sweet2 b :5 ! sug> has all turn$ to acid1 & ! phosphates h become lactates1 leav+ ! phosphoric acid free1 ! :ey is abom9able1 & c be us$ only 9 small quantities & ) great c>e4 ,x ought n to be f$ to "y animals ) t5d] /oma*s1 & does old] animals no good4 ,,cruelty ,,to ,,animals4 ,all ?is corresponds ) g5]al obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,! mo/ intellig5t dairym5 ) :om we are acqua9t$ d n consid] s\r :ey wor? draw+ home4 ,x is cruel to fe$ sweet :ey to any animal exclusively4 ,ev5 a hog1 :i* has made its gr[?--& no animal c m fully extract ! nutriheal? :ile actually gr[+ fat on sweet :ey4 ,! portion ( less ?an "o p] c5t4 ( album9\s matt] prolongs1 r ?an su/a9s life4 ,t is to say1 ! hog w n />ve to dea? q s quick if f$ :ey z x w )\t x4 ,! sug> accumulates 9 ! sy/em z fat1 :ile ! hog is sl[ly p]i%+ ( inanition4 ,b if x is ?us cruel to fe$ x alone to full gr[n animals1 x is d\bly s to fe$ x to "y & gr[+ animals--z pigs & calves--! necessities ( ! lives ( :i* dem& tissue-mak+ mat]ial z well z life-su/a9+4 ,if :ey is us$1 let x be f$ sweet1 & always ) "s k9d ( dry nitrog5\s food1 z bean meal1 oil meal1 pea meal1 clov]1 etc4 ,b1 ) ! acid sy/em ( *eese-mak+1 x is impossible to d ?is4 ,! :ey is decompos$ be=e run into ! :ey-vat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,end ,,cont5ts4 ,,preface #c-d ,,hi/orical--,9 ,asia2 ,among ! ,jews2 ,9 ,s\!rn ,europe2 ,9 ,am]ica2 ,figures f ! ,c5sus2 ,gr[? 9 ,?irty ,ye>s2 ,product p] ,c[ & p] ,capita2 ,home ,consumption vs4 ,exports2 ,=ms ( ,milk ,consumption2 ,! ,private ,dairy vs4 ! ,factory #e-ab ,,conditions--,pa/ures2 ,wat]2 ,w9t] ,food2 ,! ,/able2 ,%elt]2 ,! ,dairy ,h\se2 ,cleanl9ess2 ,! ,h]d4 #ac-ag ,,dairy ,,/ock--,po9ts ( a ,milk]2 ,dut*-,friesian2 ,! ,j]sey2 ,! ,gu]nsey2 ,! ,ayr%ire2 ,! ,%or?orn2 ,! ,devon2 ,! ,am]ican ,hold]ness2 ,inbre$+2 ,swiss2 ,poll$2 ,h]e=d2 ,common ,/ock #ah-cd ,,bre$+ ,,dairy ,,/ock--,selection2 ,c\pl+2 ,c>e #ce-ci ,,fe$+ ,,/ock--,c>bonace\s & ,nitrog5\s ,foods2 ,:at is ,c>bon8 ,:at is ,nitrog58 ,comp\nd+ ,rations2 ,p] day & p] #a1jjj lbs4 ,live ,weight2 ,sample ,rations2 ,fatt5+ ,rations2 ,work+ ,rations2 ,dige/ibility ( ,foods2 ,elem5ts ( ,foods2 ,ensilage2 ,rem>ks #dj-eb ,,h&l+ ,,milk--,keep ,quiet2 ,regul>ity2 ,keep ,d[n ! ,f\l ,odors2 ,keep ,out ! ,dirt2 ,let ,out ! ,c[s2 ,a ,lick ( ,meal2 ,c>e ( ,milk2 ,composition ( ,milk2 ,det]ioration ( ,milk 9 ! ,udd]2 ,d ,fats ,exp& ,be=e ,congeal+8 ,effects ( ,fall+ ,temp]ature2 ,cool+ & ,air+2 ,protection f ! ,hot ,sun2 ,treatm5t ( ,night's & ,morn+'s ,milk2 ,receiv+2 ,te/+2 ,bad ,milk2 ,weigh+2 ,keep+ ,milk #ec-ff ,,butt] ,,mak+--,deep ,sett+ & ,wat] ,cool+2 ,effect ( ,too ,l[ ,cool+2 ,butt]milk ,flavor2 ,%all[ ,sett+ & ,air ,cool+2 ,oxydiz+ ,cream2 ,skimm+ ,milk2 ,:5 to ,skim2 ,*urn+2 ,temp]atures2 ,:at ,makes ! ,butt] ,come2 ,:5 to ,/op ,*urn+2 ,work+2 ,salt+2 ,salt z a ,pres]vative2 ,pack+ ,butt]2 ,prep>+ ! ,package2 ,clos+ ! ,package2 ,/or+2 ,/yle ( ,package #fg-hj ,,*eese ,,mak+--,duty ( ,patrons2 ,unreasonable ,expectation2 ,gu>antees2 ,heat+2 ,color+2 ,sett+2 ,o!r ,details2 ,keep ! ,temp]ature ,ev52 ,cutt+2 ,cut ,f9e2 ,cook+2 ,draw+ ! ,:ey2 ,salt+2 ,putt+ to ,press #ha-ia ,,acid ,,9 ,,*eese ,,mak+--,analysis ( ,milk2 ,:at ! ,*eese ,mak] ,does2 ,:at ,ought to ,be2 ,!ory & ,practice #ib-ie ,,r5net--,soak+ 9 ,:ey2 ,ta9t$ ,r5net2 ,cur+ ,r5nets2 ,age an ,advantage2 ,sav+ ,r5nets2 ,select+ ,r5nets2 ,:olesale ,prep>ation2 ,exclud+ ,air #if-aja ,,cur+ ,,rooms--,temp]ature2 ,an ,example2 ,moi/ure 9 ,cur+2 ,bett] ,*eese ,c ,be ,made #ajb-ajf ,,:ey--,composition ( ,milk2 ,composition ( ,:ey2 ,poor ,/uff2 ,cruelty to ,animals #ajg-aaj ,app>atus ,supplies ,,= ,,*eese ,,factories1 ,,cream]ies ,,& ,,dairies4 ,,at ,,:olesale ,a ,,li/ ,,( ,,articles ,,necess>y ,,= ,,mak+ ,,*eese ,,f #bj ,,to #hjj ,,c[s ,,s5t ,,on ,,application4 ,,*ilds ,,jones1 ,,utica1 ,n4,y4 ,,freisian ,,cattle4 ,,! ,,unadilla ,,valley ,,/ock ,,bre$]s' ,,association import only ! f9e/ regi/]$ ,/ock f\nd 9 ,friesl& & ,nor? ,holl&1 9 con=mity ) ! requirem5ts ( ! ,dut*-,friesian ,bre$]s' ,association ( ,am]ica4 ,! r5[n$ prize ,bull1 ,,mooie #bf1 at head ( h]d4 ,_! h]d has be5 widely exhibit$ & aw>d$ m prizes ?an any h]d 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,an exam9ation ( ! h]d w conv9ce ! mo/ skeptical ( its great sup]iority4 ,catalogues on application4 ,w4 ,langwor?y1 ,sec'y1 ,,we/ ,,edme/on1 ,n4,y4 ,,*eese ,,& ,,butt] ,,mak]s' ,,supplies & ,complete ,manufactur+ ,outfits4 ,pat4 ,gang ,*eese ,presses1 ,self ,b&ag+ ,*eese ,hoops1 ,*eese ,vats1 ,pat5t ,tw9 ,cream]y ,vats1 ,curd ,s9ks1 ,curd ,mills1 ,curd ,knives1 ,*urns1 ,butt] ,work]s1 ,r5net & ,annatto ,j>s1 ,fairbanks ,scales1 ,*eese ,screws & ,hoops4 ,,philadelphia ,,dani%-,,we/on ,,cream ,,sep>ator4 ,x saves "t2 gives t5 to fifte5 p] c5t4 m butt] & ( bett] quality2 no ice requir$2 leaves skim milk fre% & purifi$2 saves room 9 cream]y2 pays = itself 9 a %ort "t2 co/ ( ma9t5ance v small z ma*9e is v durable4 ,small ,sep>ator1 portable1 capacity #fej lbs4 p] h\r4 ,m$ium ,sep>ator1 capacity #ijj to #a1jjj lbs4 p] h\r4 ,l>ge ,sep>ator1 capacity #a1fjj to #a1hjj lbs4 p] h\r4 ,extra ,sep>ator1 capacity #b1bjj to #b1ejj lbs4 p] h\r4 ,s5d = ,special ,circul>4 ,bradley ,butt] ,boxes1 ,butt] ,pails & ,butt] ,trays4 ,,*eese ,,box ,,mat]ial1 ,,tacks ,,& ,,nails4 ,wire's ,pat5t1 ,self ,cutt+1 ,self ,agitat+1 ,self ,salt+ ,,circul> ,,*eese ,,vat4 ,?ree ,sizes3--#e1jjj1 #h1jjj1 #ab1jjj p\nds ( milk respectively4 ,,hans5',s ,,dani% ,,liquid ,,butt] ,,color4 ,,=ty-,,six ,,highe/ ,,prizes1 #c ,,gold ,,m$als at ,_w's ,fairs4 ,vegetable ,oil4 ,colors ! ,f9e/ butt] made 9 ,europe4 ,fa/ sup]s$+ all o!r ,color+ 9 ,am]ica4 ,does n color ! ,butt]milk4 ,butt] beautiful4 ,greatly enhances value4 ,no ,alkali4 ,doz5 bottles & ,directions free to ,druggi/s4 ,,hans5',s ,,extract ( ,,r5net & ,,/&>d ,,*eese ,,color4 ,no manufactur] or repack] c af=d to neglect ,dani% prep>ations4 ,,burrell ,,:itman1 ,,little ,,falls1 ,n4,y4 ,f4,b4 ,,f>go ,,co4',s ,improv$ ,,butt] ,,color4 ,w ,n ,color ! ,butt]milk4 ,x is ! ,/ronge/ ,color ,made4 ,x w n ,*ange to ,rancidity4 ,x is ! ,,only ,oil ,butt] ,color manufactur$ t ,,w ,,n ,,flavor ,,butt] ,,bew>e ,,( ,,imitations4 ,,use ,,only ,,! ,,mo/ ,,reliable4 ,took ! ,highe/ ,aw>d at ,new ,orleans & ,:]ev] ,exhibit$4 ,we h be5 engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( butt] color s9ce #ahgj1 & 7 ! fir/ to make an oil color 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,o!r manufactur]s h foll[$ our example1 & are n[ endeavor+ to reap :]e we h s[n4 ,ours is ! old reliable butt] color & ! only "o t is safe to use4 ,all o!rs flavor ! butt]4 ,our ,butt] ,color is = sale by druggi/s & groc]s g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,if !y d n h x1 ask !m to ord] x f _! :olesale druggi/ or groc]4 ,on receipt ( price we w s5d our color to any po9t4 ,s5d = prices4 ,f4,b4 ,f>go ,co41 ,,lake ,,mills1 ,,wis4 ,,onondaga ,f4,f4 ,,salt ,,w>rant$ z ,pure z any ,salt 9 ! ,m>ket4 ,n ,excell$ = ,butt] or ,*eese1 = ! ,table1 or = all ,cul9>y ,purposes4 ,! foll[+ is ! analysis made by ,pr(4 ,babcock1 ( ! ,new ,york ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhd3 ,wat] #j4eic ,insoluble ,matt] #j4jai ,sulphate ( ,lime #j4gfj ,sulphate ( ,magnesia #j4jid ,*loride ( ,sodium 7,pure ,salt7 #ih4eja ------ #ii4ifg ,x w be se5 by ! =ego+ t1 ! ,onondaga ,f4,f4 ,salt is v pure1 conta9+ only #a-a_/b p] c5t4 ( impurities & wat]4 ,! am\nt ( pure salt is #ih4eja4 ,?is is n mat]ially diff]5t f ! analysis ( ,walz ,/illwell1 made by ! direction ( ! ,new ,york ,butt] & ,*eese ,ex*ange1 9 #ahge--"o analysis %[+ #ih4ebdb1 & ! o!r #ih4chfd p>ts ( pure salt4 ,a%ton conta9$1 accord+ to _! analysis1 #ig4geih1 & ,higg9 #ig4fhji p>ts ( pure salt1 ! impurities equal+ #b4bj p] c5t4 9 ,a%ton & #b4be p] c5t4 9 ,higg91 :ile ! impurities 9 ,onondaga ,f4,f4 ,salt are only #a4ej p] c5t4 ,fir/ premiums 7 tak5 at ,new ,orleans1 at ! ,_w's ,fair1 by bo? ,butt] & ,*eese salt$ ) ,onondaga ,f4,f4 ,salt4 ,x w9s ev]y:]e t !re is op5 & fair competition4 ,dairy goods salt$ ) x took a majority ( all ! premiums 7#df out ( #hi7 aw>d$ at ! ,gr& ,union ,fair 9 ,milwaukee1 ,decemb] #b;d to #i?4 #ahhb1 ov] f\r =eign competitors4 ,x 0 aw>d$ a m$al at ! ,c5t5nial by a committee ( sci5ti/s & exp]ts f all p>ts ( ! _w1 = purity & high degree ( excell5ce4 ,,sole ,manufactur]s1 ,,am]ican ,,dairy ,,salt ,,co41 ,l4 ,,address ,j4,w4 ,b>k]1 ,sec'y1 ,,syracuse1 ,n4,y4 ,,! ,,cr[ell ,,cream]1 7,pat5t ,appli$ =7 ,w4,h4 ,,bond1 ,sole ,manufactur]4 ,x is v easily adju/$ :5 clean+1 no tools or wr5*es be+ requir$1 has no glass tubes to get brok51 is smoo?ly1 /rongly & me*anically made & easy to h&le or move1 & is made 9 all sizes to suit small dairies4 ,x consi/s ( a heavy t9 receptacle = milk1 imm]s$ 9 wat]1 :i* is held 9 a d\ble wall$ vat1 & is s con/ruct$ t ei!r a runn+ /ream ornd keeps ! milk at an ev5 temp]ature4 ,l[e/ 9 ,price1 ,smoo!/ ,make1 ,mo/ ,durable ,/ock ,v ,easily ,clean$1 ,no ,possible ,*ance = ,s\r+1 & is a ,complete ,success4 ,,! ,,newe/ ,,9 ,,! ,,m>ket ,price1 size = #ef ,qu>ts1 #be4 ,deal]s ,%\ld ,secure ! ,sale ( x at ,once4 ,,specialties3 ,t9 ,ro(+1 ,eave ,tr\ghs & ,conductors1 ,s9ks1 ,pumps & ,lead ,pipe1 all k9ds ( ,t91 ,copp] & ,%eet ,iron ,"w3 ,cream ,pails1 ,milk ,pails1 ,/ra9]s1 & o!r ,dairy ,goods ,made to ,ord]4 ,w4,h4 ,,bond1 #abg ,s4 ,sal9a & #c ,e4 ,onondaga ,/s41 ,syracuse1 ,n4,y4 ,corni%1 ,curtis ,gre5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rectangul> ,,*urn ,,dairy ,,goods ,,& ,,*urns4 ,we make f ! be/ mat]ial ,,sup]ior ,,articles t are models ( /r5g? & simplicity4 ,unque/ion$ ,pro( ,giv5 ( _! ,durability ,,sole ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,,! ,curtis' ,improv$ ,factory ,*urn1 ,mason's ,p[] ,butt] ,work]1 ,lev] ,work]1 ,curtis' ,squ>e ,box ,*urn1 ,rectangul> ,*urn1 ,cream ,vats1 ,dog ,p[]1 etc41 etc4 ,,"o ,,family ,,*urn ,,at ,,:olesale ,,:]e ,,we ,,h ,,no ,,ag5t4 ,all goods w>rant$ exactly z repres5t$4 ,,two ,,gold ,,& ,,f\rte5 ,,silv] ,,m$als ,,aw>d$ ,,= ,,sup]iority ,,corni%1 ,,curtis ,,gre5e1 ,ft4 ,atk9son1 ,wis4 ,,j5k',s ,,automatic ,,*eese ,,mak]1 ,! ,late/ & ,greate/ ,improvem5t 9 ,*eese ,mak+ ,appliances = ,factory ,use4 ,,w ,,pay ,,= ,,itself ,,9 ,,"o ,,season4 ,,am]ican ,,sweep/akes ,,curd ,,cutt] & ,o!r ,great ,improvem5ts 9 ,*eese & ,butt] ,app>atus4 ,! ,*eape/1 ,h&ie/ & ,be/ ,b&age ,made1 & a full l9e ( ,,*eese ,,factory ,,& ,,dairy ,,supplies4 ,s5d = our ,illu/rat$ ,circul>4 ,,*>les ,,mill> ,,son1 ,,utica1 ,n4,y4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,!re 7 a numb] ( pr9t]'s errors 9 punctuation t h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 ,! foll[+ *anges 9 spell+ h be5 made3 ,page #bf bre$idg is n[ bre$+ ,page #ca aovid$ is n[ avoid$ ,page #cb ean is n[ c ,page #cb commonn is n[ common ,page #ch crossiug is n[ cross+ ,page #ed advantange is n[ advantage ,page #fg disadvantange is n[ disadvantage ,page #ha disadvantange is n[ disadvantage ,page #he control$ is n[ controll$ ,page #hf aide is n[ aside ,words t 7 pr9t$ 9 bold font are display$ 9 4