file :i* includes ! orig9al             
illu/rations4       ,see #dddfb-;h4htm  
or #dddfb-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/
#dddfb_/pg#dddfb-;images4html7       or 
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#dddf
b_/dddfb-;h4zip7         ,images ( !    
orig9al pages are available ?r\gh !     
,digital ,libr>y ( ! ,falvey ,memorial  
,libr>y1       ,villanova ,univ]sity4   
,see                                    
http3_/_/digital4libr>y4villanova4edu_/,
item_/vudl3#bfiadf   ,transcrib]'s note3
        ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9
 italics 7italics74        ,text enclos$
 by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74  
,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,electrical ,,ma*9es4 
,conta9+ full directions = mak+         
electrical ma*9es1 induction coils1     
dynamos1 & _m novel toys to be work$ by 
electricity4  by  ,r4 ,a4 ,r4 ,,b5nett4 
,fully ,illu/rat$4        ,new ,york    
,frank ,t\sey1 ,publi%] #bd ,union      
,squ>e  ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act (        
,congress1 9 ! ye> #aijj1 by ,frank     

,t\sey1 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian (      
,congress at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4     ,h[  
to ,make ,electrical ,ma*9es4     ,h[ to
 ,make a ,simple ,electrical ,ma*9e4    
,i propose to describe a me?od ( mak+ an
 electrical ma*9e ( small dim5sions1 b  
capable ( p]=m+ all ! exp]im5ts t are   
likely to be requir$ ( x4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig #a4--;,,back ,,( ,,rubb]1 ,,%[+  
,,position ,,( ,,hole4  ,= ! /& ( !     
ma*9e take a piece ( wood 7deal w d1 b  
mahogany w\ld be pref]able7 #ad in*es 9 
l5g?1 #h in*es 9 bread?1 & #e_/h in* 9  
?ickness4 ,to ! bottom ( ?is fa/5 two m 
pieces ( ! same wood1 #a in*es broad1 #h
 in*es long1 & #e_/h in* 9 ?ickness at  
opposite ends1 s t ! edges are flu% ) ! 
bo>d4 ,?is =ms our /&1 on :i* we n[     
proce$ to erect ! ma*9e4 ,take ano!r    
piece ( ! same wood1 #g in*es long by #b
 broad1 & #g_/h in* ?ick & fa/5 x firmly
 by f\r screws at ! ends to ! base bo>d 
at a di/ance ( half an in* f "o end (   
its l5g? & 9 ! c5t] ( its bread?4  ,we  
n[ take two pieces ( wood #ad in*es long

 by #b in*es broad &  in* ?ick1 & fa/5  
!m upright to ! opposite sides 9 ! c5t] 
( ! piece j fix$ to ! bo>d4 ,!y mu/ be  
fix$ v firmly to x ) sev]al screws1 z !y
 h to be> a sev]e /ra9 :ile ! ma*9e is  
work$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4        
,,diagram ,,%[+ ,,position ,,( ,,plate  
,,& ,,rubb]s4  ,if ! read] c dovetail ! 
ends into ! cross bo>d !y w be held mu* 
m firmly4 ,at ! top ( ^! pieces ano!r   
piece ( wood1 #c in*es squ>e by #c_/h   
in* ?ick1 is fa/5$ by screws into !     
upright pieces1 s z to hold all firmly  
toge!r4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#c4--,,sectional ,,diagram ,,(          
,,conductor4  ,! framework ( ! ma*9e is 
n[ complete1 & we h to provide ! glass  
plate f :i* ! electricity is to be      
produc$4 ,z we _c make ?is we mu/ apply 
to an electrician = x4 ,?is is #aj in*es
 9 diamet]4 ,if ! mak] is good at1 & has
 appliances =1 work+ 9 brass on a small 
scale1 he c make ! axle himself by tak+ 
a piece ( brass rod  in* 9 diamet] & #c 
in*es long & fa/5+ ! glass plate 9 !    

c5t]4  ,?is c be done by provid+ two    
circul> caps ( brass "o & "o-half in*es 
9 diamet] 7! side ( :i* next ! glass mu/
 be cov]$ ) clo? to prev5t crack+ !     
glass71 & fa/5+ "o by sold] or o!rwise1 
on "o side ( ! plate1 ! o!r be+ arrang$ 
to screw up tightly on ! o!r side1 by   
hav+ ! brass turn$ into a screw1 & !    
c5t] hole ( ! cap made ) a flange to fit
 x4 ,if ?is is beyond ! read]1 he mu/ be
 cont5t$ ) a less elaborate axle ( wood 
in/ead ( brass1 & two wood5 caps :i* c  
be firmly fa/5$ to ! axle & glu$ to !   
opposite sides ( ! glass plate ) ,pr\t's
 ela/ic glue1 :i* c be b\ght f any      
h>nessmak]4  ,if ?is is us$ c>e mu/ be  
tak5 9 w>m+ ! glass n to r5d] ! glue too
 s(t to hold x firmly :5 turn$ by !     
h&le4 ,to turn ! axle x mu/ be provid$ )
 a h&le ( wood1 9 ! case ( ! wood5 axle1
 or1 9 ! case ( ! brass "o1 a h&le is   
made by turn+ ! project+ end ( ! axle   
into a screw & fitt+ to x a piece ( flat
 brass ?ree & "o-half in*es by "o-half  
in* by "o-eigh? in*1 ?is latt] piece    

hav+ ano!r piece ( brass rod ?ree &     
"o-half in*es long fix$ to ! o!r end1 on
 :i* a wood5 h&le is fix$ 7by a cap     
fa/5$ at ! end ( ! rod7 s z to turn     
freely4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#d4--,,%ape ,,( ,,brass ,,rod ,,to      
,,collect ,,! ,,electricity4  ,! glass  
plate hav+ be5 ?us m\nt$1 we mu/ turn   
our att5tion to ! rubb]s :i* g5]ate !   
electricity on ! plate4 ,to make ^! take
 f\r pieces ( wood #c in*es by #b in*es 
by #c_/h in*1 & on "o side ( !m fix     
pieces ( ?ick flannel 7:i* y c get ne>ly
  in* 9 ?ickness7 ( ! same size1 & cov] 
^! ov] ) black silk1 glu+ x d[n lightly 
to ! wood1 s z to =m a ?ick cu%ion on "o
 side ( x4 ,^! f\r cu%ions h n[ to be   
fix$ s z to be firmly press$ aga9/ !    
glass plate :ile x turns4 ,?is c be done
 by fa/5+ !m at ! backs by screws to !  
upright pieces support+ ! plate1 or by  
glu+ f\r small pieces ( wood ab\t #a_/h 
in* ?ick1 & squ>e 9 %ape1 to ! inside ( 
! supports4 ,! rubb]s !n h f\r holes cut
 9 _! backs to fit ^! pieces ( wood1 on 

:i* !y slide :5 plac$ on ! side ( !     
glass1 & are ?us held firmly 9 position4
 ,fig4 #a %[s ! position ( ! holes on ! 
backs ( ! rubb]s4 ,! latt] plan is ! be/
 = fa/5+ ! rubb]s1 z x all[s !m to be   
remov$ at any "t = w>m+ 7a v ess5tial   
po9t7 or spread+ fre% amalgam on !m4    
,fig4 #b %[s ! position ( ! plate &     
rubb]s :5 9 _! places4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #e4--,,sectional ,,diagram ,,%[+ 
,,position ,,( ,,collectors ,,& ,,plate4
  ,we n[ h ! means = procur+            
electricity1 b ! me?od ( collect+ x has 
yet to be provid$4 ,to make ?is a       
conductor mu/ be =m$ by cutt+ a piece ( 
wood to ! %ape ( ,fig4 #c4 ,x %\ld be   
ab\t #f in*es f end to end1 & mu/ be    
c>efully r\nd$ s t no projections are   
left on x4 ,x mu/ !n be cov]$ c>efully )
 t9foil 7:i* c be obta9$ f a *emi/71 !  
t9foil be+ glu$ d[n z smoo?ly z         
possible4 ,f ! end ( ?is conductor a    
piece ( brass rod %\ld be fix$1 %ap$ z  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,a piece ab\t #ab in*es 
long w be want$4 ,?is mu/ be b5t at !   

ends1 s t :5 ! conductor is m\nt$ on a  
/& consi/+ ( a piece ( glass rod #f     
in*es high1 fix$ to ! c5t] ( ! /& 7t is 
#e in*es f ! opposite end to t at :i* ! 
supports are71 ! glass plate revolves   
betwe5 two surfaces ( ! brass rod4 ,fig4
 #e expla9s ! arrangem5t1 :i* is some:at
 complicat$ to describe4 ,! glass rod   
%\ld be ab\t #g in*es long1 to all[ (   
half an in* be+ ins]t$ into a hole 9 !  
c5t] ( ! conductor1 :i* is ?us support$ 
#f in*es high f ! /&4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #f4--,,! ,,ma*9e ,,:5 ,,f9i%$4   
,x n[ only rema9s to fa/5 sev]al small  
pieces ( brass wire ab\t a qu>t] ( an   
in* long1 fil$ to a po9t1 to ! sides ( !
 rod ne>e/ ! glass plate1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 
#f1 s t ! plate revolves betwe5 a d\ble 
r[ ( po9ts1 :i* c be done ) sold]1 & !  
ma*9e is complete4 ,! conductor c fur!r 
be improv$ by ins]t+ at ! opposite end a
 small piece ( brass rod two & a half   
in*es high1 surm\nt$ by a brass ball1   
:i* is useful 9 "s exp]im5ts4 ,c>e mu/  
be tak5 t ! t9foil ( ! conductor ov]laps

 ! brass rod at ei!r end1 & ?us =ms a   
metallic connection4 ,if ?is is n done !
 conductor w n become *>g$ suffici5tly4 
,if ! conductor c be made ( brass x w "w
 bett] /ill1 z a metallic connection is 
!n insur$4 ,! conductor c be fa/5$ to ! 
glass rod on :i* x is support$ by       
,pr\t's ela/ic glue1 or o!r cem5t1 a    
hole be+ made 9 ! c5t] ( ! bottom ( !   
conductor1 & ano!r 9 ! /& ( ! ma*9e =   
opposite ends ( ! glass rod4  ,! ma*9e  
hav+ be5 con/ruct$1 a few words w be    
useful 9 h[ to "w x4 ,w>m? & dryness    
are1 above all ?+s1 ess5tial4 ,if ! air 
( ! room is damp x w be ne>ly impossible
 to obta9 any result4 ,be=e work+1 !    
glass plate mu/ be ?or\ghly w>m$1 tak+  
c>e n to crack x1 by be+ plac$ endwise  
be=e a good fire4 ,a silk h&k]*ief is a 
useful adjunct to ! ma*9e4  ,! glass    
plate %\ld be wip$ q free f dirt1 & !   
glass support ( ! conductor mu/ also be 
wip$1 ! h&k]*ief be+ made v hot4 ,!     
rubb]s mu/ be tak5 (f 7if con/ruct$ s z 
to be movable1 z describ$71 & plac$ be=e

 ! fire till q hot4 ,_! p[]s may be     
enorm\sly increas$ by cov]+ !m )        
amalgam1 z sold 9 ! electrical %ops1 b a
 f> bett] plan is to cov] ! cu%ions )   
t9foil1 :i* c be glu$ "r r\nd ! rubb]s &
 ov] ! backs4 ,?is w ne$ r5ew+ at       
int]vals1 z ! plate 9 turn+ we>s x out4 
,n[1 :5 ! rubb]s are q hot & all ! glass
 ( ! ma*9e is dry & hot 7?is is         
necess>y1 because1 if damp1 !           
electricity w\ld escape )\t produc+ any 
effect71 ! rubb]s are put into _! prop] 
places on ea* side ( ! glass1 & on turn+
 ! h&le 7:i* w be r5d]$ easi] if ! ma*9e
 is firmly clamp$ to ! table7 & approa*+
 ! knuckle to ! conductor1 a succession 
( brilliant sp>ks w be emitt$ f !       
conductor4 ,if ?is does n happ5 ei!r !  
glass or "s "p ( ! ma*9e is damp1 or !  
ma*9e is n put toge!r q correctly1 & mu/
 be exam9$ to f9d out ! fault4  ,a ma*9e
 ( ! size describ$ %\ld give a sp>k an  
in* long :5 work+ prop]ly4 ,a great     
numb] ( exp]im5ts may be p]=m$ ) ?is    
ma*9e ) app>atus capable ( be+ made at  

home4 ,i give a f9al illu/ration 7,fig4 
#f7 to %[ h[ ! ma*9e looks :5 complet$4 
,h[ to ,make an ,induction ,coil4       
,illu/ration  ,to mo/ boys electricity  
(f]s _m attractions1 & z ,i h rec5tly   
con/ruct$ an induction coil out (       
mat]ials :i* are *eap & easily obta9$1  
,i ?9k ,i %all conf] a b5efit on _m     
read]s if ,i give !m a %ort description 
( h[ ?is 0 accompli%$1 s t if l-m9d$ !y 
c proce$ 9 ! same way4 ,induction coils 
may be us$ = m$ical & sci5tific purposes
 z well z = amusem5t1 s t a good deal ( 
"w comes )9 _! scope4 ,an induction coil
 is compos$ pr9cipally ( two            
portions--"o is ! prim>y coil1 ! o!r !  
second>y4 ,x is ! second>y coil t gives 
! sp>k1 & on ! l5g? ( ?is dep5ds ! p[] (
 ! coil2 9 "s in/rum5ts = sci5tific     
purposes x is compos$ ( a wire ne>ly    
#cjj miles long--b we are n go+ to so>  
to su* heights z t6  ,to make ! coil    
itself y want an ounce ( ,no4 #bd       
cotton-cov]$ wire1 & two or ?ree ounces 
( ,no4 #cf4 ,?is c be b\ght f an        

electrical supply deal]4 ,if y are v    
ambiti\s1 silk-cov]$ wire c be us$2 ?is 
gives bett] effect1 ! insulation be+ m  
complete4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#a4--;,,front ,,disc4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #b4--;,,back ,,disc4  ,to =m !   
gr\ndwork ( ! app>atus take a piece (   
mahogany ab\t half an in* 9 ?ickness &  
poli% x up to look ornam5tal2 x %\ld be 
ab\t #d in*es by #f in*es = ! siz$ coil 
,i am describ+4 ,we n[ take ano!r piece 
( mahogany ab\t  in* ?ick1 & f x cut two
 circul> pieces ab\t #a in* 9           
circumf]5ce2 ^! are to =m ! ends ( !    
coil2 !y mu/ ea* h a hole #c_/h in* 9   
diamet] drill$ 9 ! c5t] = ! ends ( !    
core to pass ?r\gh4 ,9 "o ( !m1 :i* is  
to =m ! coil1 two mu* small] holes are  
drill$ ) a small bradawl to all[ ! ends 
( ! prim>y coil to pass ?r\gh 7,fig4    
#a72 9 ! o!r two simil> holes are drill$
 fur!r f ! c5t] = ! ends ( ! second>y   
coil 7,fig4 #b74 ,?is hav+ be5 done1 we 
proce$ to =m ! core1 & ?is be+ ! mo/    
important "p ( ! in/rum5t1 x mu/ be made

 ) great c>e4 ,take a l5g? ( f9e iron   
wire 7anneal$7 & cut x into pieces #b   
in*es long4  ,n[ take a brass tube ( !  
same size int]nally z ! c5t] holes 9 !  
ends ( ! coil 7 made 7#c_/h in*7 & pu% z
 _m pieces ( wire into x z are requir$  
to pack x z full z x w hold4 ,! next ?+ 
to d is to take ano!r piece ( wire & w9d
 x z tightly z possible r\nd ! ends ( ! 
wires1 pull+ !m gradually out ( ! tube z
 y w9d1 until !y are entirely out1 by   
:i* "t a compact bundle ( iron wire w h 
be5 =m$4 ,n[ file ! ends ( ! core ?us   
=m$1 q smoo?1 ) a f9e file1 & drop !    
:ole ( x1 wire & all1 into ! hotte/ "p (
 a fire4 ,leave x !re till x is bright  
r$ hot all ?r\gh1 & !n rake x out & bury
 x completely 9 ! a%es "u ! grate4 ,if  
?is c be done ov] night1 & ! coil left  
to get cold z ! fire goes out1 in/ead ( 
be+ plac$ 9 ! a%es1 s mu* ! bett]1 z !  
object is to cool x z gradually1 & ?us  
make x z s(t z possible4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #c4--;,,core ,,& ,,discs4  ,:5 x 
has become p]fectly cold take "s p>aff9 

wax & melt x 9 a di%4 ,:5 ?or\ghly      
melt$1 heat ! core aga9 g5tly1 & put x  
into ! melt$ wax4 ,leave x !re = a %ort 
"t till x is ?or\ghly saturat$ ) ! melt$
 wax1 !n take x out & hold x above ! di%
 to let ! melt$ p>aff9 run back into x4 
,:5 cold y may remove ! b9d+ wire1 & !  
wax w be f\nd to hold all ! pieces      
toge!r 9 a solid lump4 ,! two pieces (  
wood mu/ n[ be fix$ "o at ea* end ( !   
core 7! holes be+ ! same size z ! bore (
 ! brass tube1 ! core %\ld fit into !m q
 tight71 "o ( !m 7! front7 be+ pu%$ a   
little di/ance ov] ! core1 s z to leave 
ab\t  ( an in* ( ! core project+ f x1 ! 
o!r "o only be+ pu%$ on suffici5tly f>  
to make ! end ( ! coil flu% ) ! wood    
7,fig4 #c74  ,take a %eet ( ?9 notepap] 
& cut a piece exactly ! wid? ( ! coil1 &
 long en\gh to pass twice r\nd x4 ,w9d x
 tightly r\nd1 & fa/5 x1 if necess>y1 ) 
a little p>aff94 ,n[ ! wire has to be   
w\nd on ov] ! pap]1 ! ?icke/ fir/1 to =m
 ! prim>y coil4 ,pass ab\t ?ree in*es ( 
"o end ( x ?r\gh "o ( ! holes 9 ! disc  

=m+ ! front ( ! coil1 & !n w9d x ev5ly  
on ! core1 tak+ c>e t ea* coil is       
sep>ate f its neighbor1 & t no two coils
 fall "o ^u ! o!r4  ,:5 ! wire has rea*$
 ! o!r end ( ! core1 w9d x back aga9 ov]
 ! fir/ lay] till x rea*es ! end x came 
9 at1 !n pass x ?r\gh ! o!r hole & cut x
 (f ab\t ?ree in*es f ! hole2 ! wire cut
 (f w be want$ = o!r purposes4 ,!       
second>y coil has n[ to be w\nd ov] !   
prim>y1 fir/ ( all saturat+ ! cotton )  
:i* ! latt] is cov]$ by p\r+ melt$      
p>aff9 ov] x ) a spoon4 ,all ! second>y 
wire w be want$2 x mu/ be w\nd lay]     
above lay] exactly z ! prim>y 01 fir/   
pass+ ab\t ?ree in*es ( ! end ?r\gh "o (
 ! holes 9 ! disc at ! back ( ! core4 ,a
 ?ickness ( notepap] %\ld be put on     
betwe5 ! prim>y & second>y coils4       
,ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! complete insulation 
( "o coil f ano!r1 & ?is is accompli%$  
by means ( ! notepap] & cotton1 saturat$
 ) melt$ wax 9 subsequ5t op]ations4 ,:5 
! :ole ( ! second>y wire is w\nd on     
except ab\t ?ree in*es1 pass ! end ?r\gh

 ! o!r hole 9 ! disc4  ,9 ord] to make  
sure t ! wire has n be5 brok5 9 ! w9d+1 
:i* w\ld entirely de/roy ! action ( !   
in/rum5t1 ! two ends ( ! coils %\ld be  
jo9$ sep>ately ) a batt]y & galvanomet]4
 ,if ! ne$le is deflect$ on jo9+ !      
circuit ! wire is all "r4 ,?is is r     
important1 z x is extremely vexati\s1 :5
 all ! diff]5t p>ts h be5 adju/$1 to f9d
 t ! coil w n "w ow+ to a fracture ( !  
wire1 :i* necessitates ! :ole coil be+  
unw\nd be=e x c be discov]$4 ,if !      
galvanomet] is n at h& we mu/ take our  
*ance2 ! greate/ possible c>e mu/ be    
tak5 9 w9d+ ! second>y wire1 z ?is ?9   
wire is extremely brittle4 ,! insulation
 mu/ n[ be improv$ by plung+ ! :ole coil
 into a deep vessel l>ge en\gh to conta9
 x1 :i* is full ( melt$ p>aff94 ,?is mu/
 be plac$ ne> ! fire1 s z to keep ! wax 
melt$1 & ! coils mu/ be left 9 x to soak
 = an h\r or two4 ,:5 ! p>aff9 has      
?or\ghly p]meat$ ?r\gh x x c be tak5 out
 & held above ! vessel to dra94 ,if all 
! wax does n run (f ! ends !y c be      

scrap$ aft]w>d1 tak+ c>e n to cut !     
wires4 ,! appe>ance ( ! coil is va/ly   
improv$ by a /rip ( velvet cut ! "r     
wid?1 :i* c be drawn tightly & sewn 9   
position2 or ! coil may be cov]$ ) a    
v>ni% made by dissolv+ r$ seal+-wax 9   
spirits ( w9e by ! aid ( a g5tle heat4  
,! coil "p ( ! in/rum5t is n[ complete1 
& ready to be affix$ to ! base-bo>d by  
means ( two small screws pass+ ?r\gh x  
into ! discs :5 plac$ 9 ! prop] position
 7see ,fig4 #f47  ,we n[ approa* a v    
important & r intricate piece (         
workman%ip4 ,x is necess>y1 9 ord] t    
%ocks %\ld be obta9$ f ! coil1 t !      
curr5t 9 ! prim>y wire %\ld be /opp$ &  
/>t$ aga9 at ! rate ( sev]al hundr$     
times p] m9ute1 & ! m quickly ! contact 
betwe5 ! batt]y wire & ! prim>y coil is 
made & unmade ! m p[]ful ! %ock4 ,9 ord]
 to accompli% ?is a contact-break]      
becomes necess>y1 ! me?od ( mak+ :i* is 
z foll[s3  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#d4--;,,hamm] ,,( ,,contact-,,break]4   
,a piece ( %eet brass is tak5 #a in*es  

long by ab\t #c_/h ( an in* at "o end1  
gradually tap]$ up till x comes to a    
po9t ab\t #a_/h ( an in* broad at ! o!r2
 x mu/ be v ?91 & mu/ act z a spr+ :5   
fa/5$ tightly at "o end4 ,a small piece 
( s(t iron is sold]$ to ! small end (   
?is to be attract$ by ! core :5 work+4  
,! next ?+ is to fa/5 a small piece (   
plat9um foil ab\t  ( an in* squ>e on !  
opposite side ( ! brass to ! s(t iron1 &
 a little bel[ x 7,fig4 #d74 ,?is is r a
 difficult op]ation1 z x is su* a small 
object to sold]1 & ! be/ way is to get x
 done by a t9smi?1 unless y are skill$ 9
 ! use ( ! sold]+ bit4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #e4--,,screw ,,(                 
,,contact-,,break]4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #f4--,,plan ,,( ,,coil           
,,complete4  ,a n>r[ /rip ( /\t brass is
 n[ tak5 & b5t at "r angles ne> "o end1 
s t :5 screw$ d[n to ! base-bo>d by     
holes 9 ! smalle/ leg ! longe/ leg w /& 
upright4 ,/& x up on ! base 9 front ( ! 
coil & note a po9t on ! /rip exactly    
opposite ! core4 ,make a hole ?r\gh ?is 

po9t l>ge en\gh to admit a small screw  
us$ on pap] fa/5]s4 ,n[ take ! flange "p
 ( ! pap]-fa/5] & sold] x to ! back ( ! 
brass /rip1 s t ! screw w "w ?r\gh bo?  
7,fig4 #e74 ,?is is done to avoid !     
tr\ble ( mak+ a flange 9 ! /rip1 b if y 
c d ?is1 s mu* ! bett]4  ,n[1 ! coil    
hav+ be5 fa/5$ to ! base by f9e screws  
?r\gh x into ! ends ( ! reel1 ne>ly 9 ! 
c5t] ( ! base1 we mu/ f9d a place on !  
base 9 a /raight l9e ) ! end ( ! core 7z
 at ,c1 ,fig4 #f71 & "h we fa/5 ano!r   
piece ( b5t brass simil> to ! la/4 ,!   
end ( ! contact break] is n[ sold]$ to  
?is brass /rip 9 su* a way t ! piece (  
s(t iron at ! o!r end is exactly        
opposite ! core & ab\t #a_/af in* di/ant
 f x4 ,! screw ( ! pap] fa/5] mu/ n[ be 
tipp$ ) plat9um by cutt+ (f ! end &     
drill+ a f9e hole 9 x1 9 :i* hole a     
small piece ( plat9um wire c be sold]$4 
,! am\nt ( wire & foil requir$1 al?\gh v
 m9ute1 w co/ y ab\t tw5ty-five c5ts1   
plat9um be+ a v exp5sive sub/ance4 ,x c 
be b\ght f a *emi/ or electrician4  ,!  

screw hav+ be5 prep>$ 9 ?is way1 we mu/ 
next fa/5 ! brass /rip to :i* ! flange  
is sold]$ upright on ! base1 s t !      
plat9um po9t ( ! screw1 :5 ins]t$1 w j  
come 9 contact ) ! squ>e ( foil on !    
spr+4 ,by turn+ ! head ( ! screw ! s(t  
iron c ?us be =c$ ne>] ! core1 & !      
rapidity ( its vibration is ?us         
controll$4 ,! coil is n[ complete1      
except ! connections1 :i* are made      
7pref]ably und]nea? ! base by lett+ !   
wires ?r\gh7 by jo9+ ! ends ( ! ?9 wire 
to two b9d+ screws1 :i* are made = ?is  
purpose & c be obta9$ f ! deal]4 ,"o end
 ( ! ?ick wire ( ! coil is fa/5$ to !   
/rip ( brass support+ ! contact-break]1 
! o!r end is fa/5$ to a b9d+-screw on "o
 side ( ! base--! /rip ( brass support+ 
! screw be+ connect$ by a wire ) ano!r  
b9d+-screw on ! o!r side4 ,?is s\nds r  
intricate1 b w easily be und]/ood if we 
consid] t ! curr5t f ! batt]y :5 ! wires
 are connect$ ) ! b9d+-screw mu/ pass   
?r\gh ! brass /rip to ! screw1 !nce     
?r\gh ! contact-break] to ! coil1 &1    

hav+ pass$ r\nd ! coil1 back to ! batt]y
 ?r\gh ! b9d+-screw atta*$ to ! o!r end 
( ! wire4 7,see ,fig4 #f47  ,x is n[    
evid5t t :5 ! contact-break] is 9       
contact ) ! screw a curr5t w pass ?r\gh 
! prim>y coil1 & w cause ! s(t iron core
 to become a magnet & ?us attract ! s(t 
iron4 ,:5 ?is moves t[>ds ! magnet1     
contact is brok5 & ! core is in/antly   
demagnetiz$1 s t ! spr+ flies back &    
contact is made aga94 ,! screw is adju/$
 s t ! contact is brok5 j z ! s(t iron  
t\*es ! core4 ,:5 ! batt]y is jo9$ on1 !
 contact-break] w fly backw>ds & =w>ds )
 trem5d\s spe$1 mak+ a l\d1 buzz+ noise1
 :ile brilliant sp>ks w appe> betwe5 !  
plat9um wire & foil4  ,9 ord] to feel ! 
effect ( ! %ock1 two h&les w be requir$2
 ^! c be made by simply b5d+ two pieces 
( t9 ab\t two in*es by f\r in*es r\nd a 
rul] & neatly sold]+ ! jo9s4 ,a wire is 
n[ fa/5$ to ! end ( ea* tube1 ! o!r ends
 be+ ins]t$ 9 ! b9d+ screws connect$ ) !
 ?9 wire ( ! second>y coil1 :i* are at !
 opposite corn]s ( ! base to ^? :i* are 

jo9$ to ! ends ( ! prim>y coil4 ,:5 !   
coil is buzz+1 if ^! h&les are tightly  
held1 a p[]ful %ock w be felt1 9 fact1 a
 weak batt]y only %\ld be us$ ) ! coil (
 ! dim5sions giv51 or x may be          
impossible to release ! h&les1 & ?is is 
too /rong to be pleasant4  ,! curr5t c  
be regulat$ by means ( a regulat+ tube1 
t is simply a brass tube :i* is made to 
slip ov] ! core betwe5 x & ! prim>y     
coil2 ! f>!r ! tube is pu%$ ov] ! core1 
! less p[]ful ! %ock4 ,! dim5sions ( !  
coil be+ ! same1 a little +5uity w      
enable any "o to affix a regulat+-tube4 
,i w only say t in/ead ( w9d+ ! coil    
direct on ! core a tube ( br[n pap] is  
=m$ a little l>g] ?an ! core1 & on ?is !
 wire is w\nd4 ,betwe5 ?is tube & ! core
 ! brass tube is arrang$ to slip 9 &    
out1 ! hole 9 ! end ( ! reel f>!/ f !   
contact-break] be+ made l>g] = its      
accommodation4  ,?is concludes my       
description ( ! coil1 b p]haps a few    
h9ts z to suitable batt]ies may be      
useful4 ,if a /rong batt]y :i* w only "w

 ! coil = a %ort "t is requir$1 ! bottle
 bi*romate is a good "o4 ,x c be b\ght f
 a deal]1 or "o c be made 9 a simple =m 
by tak+ a j> & fill+ x ) a /rong        
solution ( bi*romate ( potassium1 to :i*
 a little sulphuric acid has be5 add$4  
,take two pieces ( gas c>bon & ?ree     
pieces ( %eet z9c1 bo? cut to ! "r size 
to dip 9 ! solution to ! bottom ( ! j>4 
,at ! top ( ! z9cs & c>bons bore small  
holes1 & bel[ ^! place n>r[ /rips ( wood
 to keep !m ap>t :5 9 use2 ^! mu/ be    
long en\gh to rea* across ! top ( ! j>  
:5 ! z9cs & c>bons are 9 ! solution4    
,arrange !m ?us3 z9c1 wood1 c>bon1 wood1
 z9c1 wood1 c>bon1 wood1 z9c2 b9d !m    
lightly toge!r by means ( two m pieces (
 wood plac$ outside ! out] z9cs1 & !    
:ole ti$ toge!r ) /r+4 ,connect ! ?ree  
z9cs toge!r ) "o piece ( wire1 & ! two  
c>bons ) ano!r1 tak+ c>e t ! wire       
connect+ ! z9cs1 does n come 9 contact )
 ! wire connect+ ! c>bons4 ,to "o z9c   
atta* a piece ( cov]$ wire1 & to "o     
c>bon atta* ano!r1 ^! two wires are     

connect$ ) ! b9d+ screws ( ! prim>y     
coil4 ,?is batt]y is extremely /rong1   
d\ble z /rong z ! bottle bi*romates     
sold1 z !re are m z9cs & c>bons employ$1
 b x only la/s a %ort "t be=e ne$+ to be
 repl5i%$4  ,daniell's batt]y is a weak]
 =m1 b la/s mu* long]1 say = two or ?ree
 h\rs 9 con/ant "w4 ,take a deep j> &   
inside x place a por\s j> ( e>!nw>e1 :i*
 ! electrician w provide4 ,n[ get a     
piece ( %eet copp] ( ! "r size to g into
 ! j>1 & b5d x r\nd s t ! por\s j> w g  
inside x4 ,a piece ( %eet z9c w be want$
 to g inside ! por\s j>4 ,bo? z9c &     
copp] mu/ be high en\gh to rea* ! level 
( ! solutions :5 ! j>s are full4 ,!     
por\s j> is fill$ ) dilute sulphuric    
acid1 or solution ( common salt2 ! j>   
outside is fill$ ) saturat$ solution (  
sulphate ( copp]--t is1 z /rong z x c be
 made4 ,lumps ( sulphate ( copp] are    
kept 9 ! out] cell1 :i* w keep !        
solution conc5trat$ by sl[ly dissolv+4  
,atta* "o wire to ! z9c & ano!r to !    
copp]1 & :5 ^! are jo9$ to ! b9d+ screws

 ( ! prim>y coil ! contact-break] w beg9
 buzz+4     ,h[ to ,make a ,small       
,dynamo4   ,,"p ,i4  ,! dynamo is n !   
mo/ simple piece ( me*anism extant1 & ,i
 am incl9$ to ?9k t _m boys w\ld f9d x r
 a pos] to make "o4 ,at ! same "t x is  
p]fectly evid5t t !re are heaps ( our   
read]s :o are v anxi\s inde$ to try1 at 
all ev5ts1 & z we mu/ aim at m elaborate
 app>atus z we advance 9 electrical k1 x
 is a pity n to endeavor to supply !m ) 
! help !y ne$4  ,well1 !n1 if1 l ,pe>s' 
soap baby1 !y won't be happy till !y get
 x1 ,i w d my level be/ to br+ d[n !    
subject into ! range ( _! capability4 ,x
 w n co/ !m mu* to try ! exp]im5t1 & if 
!y don't succe$ !y mu/ n blame me1 b _! 
vault+ ambition1 :i* has o'erleapt      
itself4 ,!re is no reason :atev] :y a   
boy :o is accu/om$ to metal work+ %\ld n
 succe$ 9 mak+ ! small ma*9e describ$ if
 he fir/ ma/]s ! pr9ciples ( its        
con/ruction4  ,! advantage ( a dynamo1  
,i may "h rem>k1 is t by its means we   
are able to produce a curr5t ( voltaic  

electricity at any mom5t by turn+ a :eel
 )\t bo!r+ ) acids or c>bons1 or z9cs1  
or any o!r ( ! v>i\s articles           
necessitat$ by ! use ( a batt]y4        
,fur!rmore1 ! curr5t goes on z long z y 
turn ! :eel1 & /ops directly y /op1 !re 
be+ no loss betwe5 :iles4 ,( c\rse1 bo? 
batt]y & dynamo h _! advantages &       
disadvantages--no?+ 9 ?is _w be+ p]fect 
all r\nd--& = "s purposes ! dynamo is   
be/1 = o!rs ! batt]y4 ,= example1 x w\ld
 be absurd to use a dynamo to r+ an     
electric bell--n t x w\ld n d x )       
trem5d\s en]gy1 b 9 ! case ( a bell :at 
"o wants is m]ely to r+ x = a few       
seconds at long int]vals1 & = ?is "w a  
batt]y 9 :i* !re is little curr5t1 b :i*
 is always ready to give t little )\t   
t\*+ x1 is facile pr9ceps4 ,b =         
exp]im5ts 9 :i* a /rong cont9u\s curr5t 
is requir$1 ! dynamo comes to ! front1 z
 !re is no pol>ization to detract f its 
value1 z 9 ! case ( ! batt]y4 ,"o does n
 always want to be mess+ ) *emicals 9   
sett+ up a batt]y1 :5 "o only requires !

 curr5t = a %ort "t1 & ! dynamo is      
always ready1 & m]ely turn+ ! h&le      
produces ! requir$ curr5t 9 a mom5t4    
,besides ?is1 view$ m]ely 9 ! light ( a 
magneto-electric ma*9e1 x w give a      
consid]able %ock to any "o :o holds two 
h&les fix$ to its t]m9als4  ,hav+ n[    
enum]at$ ! advantages ( ! ma*9e1 x      
behooves me to endeavor to describe its 
v>i\s p>ts & ! me?od ( mak+ !m4 ,!re are
 sev]al me?ods ( dynamo-mak+1 b t :i*   
seems to be ! mo/ us$ & mo/ easily      
foll[$ 9 ! case ( a small ma*9e1 is t ( 
! type kn[n z ! ,siem5s dynamo1 f !     
inv5tor ( ! armature1 :i* is ( peculi>  
con/ruction4  ,! action ( ! dynamo      
dep5ds on ! fact t if a piece ( s(t iron
 is surr\nd$ by a coil ( insulat$ wire1 
:5 ! s(t iron is approa*$ to a magnet x 
becomes itself a magnet1 & at ! same "t 
a curr5t is g5]at$ 9 ! coil ( insulat$  
wire :i* surr\nds x4 ,?is curr5t is1    
h[ev]1 ( only mom5t>y duration1 & ceases
 if ! s(t iron rema9s /ation>y2 b on    
remov+ ! s(t iron f ! magnet ano!r      

curr5t is g5]at$ 9 ! coil ( wire1 b ?is 
is a curr5t ( ! opposite k9d (          
electricity1 & travels 9 ! opposite     
direction to t produc$ 9 ! =m] case4 ,n[
 y h only to imag9e t1 by means ( rotat+
 9 front ( ! poles ( a magnet1 a piece (
 s(t iron is kept cont9ually approa*+ & 
rec$+ f ! magnet1 & t ?is s(t iron is   
surr\nd$ by wires 9 :i* circulate       
curr5ts positive or negative accord+ to 
! direction ( ! movem5t ( ! s(t iron1 & 
!n1 if we c arrange to c>ry (f all !    
positive curr5ts to "o b9d+-screw1 & all
 ! negative curr5ts to ano!r b9d+-screw1
 we %all h a cont9u\s curr5t g5]at$ z   
long z ! s(t iron revolves4 ,all ?is is 
practically c>ri$ out 9 ! con/ruction ( 
! dynamo1 & on ! accuracy ) :i* x is    
done ! effici5cy ( ! dynamo dep5ds4  ,to
 make ! base ( ! ma*9e1 take a piece (  
deal #e in*es long by #c in*es broad by 
#g_/h in* ?ick4 ,?is c be /a9$ aft]w>ds 
to make x look nic]2 x mu/ be plan$ well
 & poli%$ up q smoo?4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #a4--,,sectional ,,diagram ,,(   

,,"o ,,side ,,( ,,magnet4  ,! greate/   
difficulty ( ! :ole bus9ess has n[      
already to be confront$--viz41 !        
manufacture ( ! magnet4 ,?is is almo/   
inv>iably ca/ 9 two pieces1 & = ^? :o _c
 make ! ca/+s !re is no help = x b to h 
rec\rse to ! ironmong]1 or1 bett] /ill1 
a practical electrician4 ,! foll[+      
in/ructions w !n assi/ y to put ! ca/+s 
toge!r3  ,suppos+ ?is difficulty to h   
be5 ov]come1 & two pieces ( s(t iron to 
h be5 ca/ 9 ! =m ( ,fig4 #a1 bo? exactly
 ! same size & %ape2 ! next ?+ to d is  
to conv]t x into an electro-magnet by   
w9d+ sev5 lay]s ( ,no4 #af cotton cov]$ 
wire ov] ea* leg1 at ! "p %[n by ! dott$
 l9es 9 ! illu/ration4  ,! size ( ! legs
 ( ! magnet is z foll[s3--,total l5g? f 
,b to ,c1 #d #a_/h in*es2 ?ickness ( top
 piece f ,b to ,d1  in*2 l5g? ( top     
piece f ,b to ,d 7half total l5g? ( top 
( magnet71  in*2 bread? ( side ( magnet 
all ! way d[n1 #a in*2 height f ,e to   
,c1 #a in*2 ?ickness ( ! "p betwe5 ,d & 
,e1 r\nd :i* ! wire is w\nd1 #c_/h in*4 

,:5 ,i say bread? 9 ?is description1 ,i 
mean :at y c't see 9 ! sectional draw+1 
because x rec$es f y2 :5 ,i say         
?ickness1 ,i mean :at is %[n 9 ! draw+4 
,x is necess>y to expla9 ?is1 z ! t]ms  
are r confus+4 ,! ends ( ! sides betwe5 
,d & ,e are r\nd$ to admit ( ! wire be+ 
m ev5ly w\nd on !m4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #b4--,,magnet ,,put ,,toge!r4  ,x
 is n ess5tial to use a p]man5t magnet 9
 ?is ma*9e1 z a c]ta9 am\nt ( residual  
magnetism rema9s 9 ! iron :5 once       
excit$2 & ! coils ( wire on ! armature  
be+ act$ on by ! armature1 :i* is       
slightly magnetiz$ by ?is residual      
magnetism 9 ! magnet1 h a reaction>y    
effect1 & excite ! armature1 :i* excites
 ! magnet afre%2 & ?us ! magnet & its   
coils1 & ! armature & its coils1 g on   
act+ on ea* o!r1 & mutually build+ up   
ea* o!r's curr5t1 until ! maximum effect
 :i* ! ma*9e is capable ( giv+ is       
produc$4  ,be=e w9d+ on ! wire1 ! legs (
 ! magnet betwe5 ,d & ,e %\ld be cov]$ )
 a b& ( silk soak$ 9 melt$ p>aff9 wax to

 increase ! insulation4 ,new & s(t wire1
 ( ! highe/ conductivity1 %\ld be us$4  
,old1 r9ky1 & h>d wire w n d4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--;,,armature   
,,( ,,dynamo4  ,! wire is w\nd ^u ! legs
 ( ! magnet 9 su* a way t :5 put toge!r 
z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b ! coils are 9 opposite 
directions1 s t if ! magnet 7 /raight5$ 
out1 or ! two portions plac$ end to end1
 "o coil w\ld be a prolongation ( ! o!r4
 ,?is c be mo/ easily done1 9 ! case (  
?is p>ticul> magnet1 by w9d+ ea* leg    
sep>ately1 & ! end ( ! out] coil ( wire 
( "o c be jo9$ to ! end ( ! inn] coil ( 
wire ( ! o!r at ,d 9 ! cut1 ! o!r ends (
 ! coils be+ left loose z at ,e & ,f1 ^!
 be+ long en\gh to g d[n "u ! base--say1
 ab\t #c in*es long to all[ = jo9+ up4  
,! electro-magnet hav+ be5 w\nd1 may n[ 
be plac$ upright on ! base1 its two     
limbs fa/5$ toge!r by a screw at ,a4 ,! 
magnet is n[ to be fa/5$ to ! base 9 !  
middle ( its bread?1 & ab\t an in* f "o 
end1 by means ( two screws at ,b & ,c1  
pass+ ?r\gh ! base into ! legs ( !      

magnet4 ,be=e x is fa/5$ on1 h[ev]1 y _h
 bett] drill two screw holes on ea* leg 
at ,h ,h ,h ,h 9 ! figure1 & f\r        
correspond+ to !m on ! o!r side4 ,we    
%all want eight screws to fit ^! holes  
pres5tly4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#d4--,,section ,,( ,,end ,,armature4  ,!
 magnet hav+ be5 fix$1 we n[ h to       
con/ruct ! armature1 :i* is ! next mo/  
important "p ( ! ma*9e4  ,?is consi/s ( 
a s(t iron cyl9d] ) an axle pass+ ?r\gh 
its c5t]1 z at ,k ,l 9 ! illu/ration    
7,fig4 #c71 ,s ,s ,s ,s be+ ! s(t iron  
cyl9d]4 ,?is cyl9d] has a deep groove   
cut f end to end1 or is ca/ 9 t %ape1 & 
r\nd ?is groove ! wire is w\nd4 ,! wire 
is numb] #ah1 cotton or silk-cov]$4     
,beg9 at ! po9t m>k$ ,h 9 ! diagram1 &  
w9d ov] & ov]1 f end to end1 until t    
side is full2 !n cross ov] to ! o!r     
side1 go+ f ,h to ,r1 & w9d t side also 
9 ! same direction4 ,! ends ( ! wire are
 %[n at ,w ,w1 & !y mu/ be left ab\t an 
in* or two in*es long1 z we %all want to
 connect !m ) ! commutator pres5tly4  ,!

 dim5sions ( ! armature are z foll[s3   
,l5g? ( axle1 #e in*es2 circumf]5ce (   
cyl9d]1 #a in*2 l5g? ( cyl9d]1 #b in*es2
 wid? ( groove1  in*4 ,! axle is compos$
 ( a piece ( /eel rod r m ?an #a_/h in* 
9 diamet]4 ,! axle mu/ be v truly c5t]$ 
9 ! armature1 & ! armature mu/ be       
accurately m\nt$1 z x has to revolve at 
a high rate ( spe$ 9 a v limit$ space1  
betwe5 ! poles ( ! magnet4  ,z x is r   
difficult to expla9 ! con/ruction ( !   
armature1 ,i give ano!r illu/ration     
7,fig4 #d7 ( a section ( ! armature1 :i*
 w %[ h[ ! wire is w\nd on ! groove1 & !
 %ape ( ! grooves !mselves4  ,at "o end 
( ! axle is fix$ ! driv+-pulley ,p1 :ile
 at ! o!r has to be fix$ a small wood5  
roll] ,f1 ov] :i* two pieces ( %eet     
brass h be5 fa/5$1 ea* rea*+ ne>ly half 
r\nd ! surface ( ! roll]1 s t two gaps  
are left betwe5 !m4 ,?is =ms "p ( !     
commutator2 b be=e we come to t we mu/  
consid] h[ ! armature is to be fix$     
betwe5 ! poles ( ! magnet4   ,,"p ,,ii4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,,support ,,= 

,,pulley ,,end ,,( ,,axle4  ,return+ to 
,fig4 #a1 we mu/ see t ! groove ,a1 :i* 
=ms half ! *annel 9 :i* ! armature is to
 revolve1 is #g_/h in* semi-circle4 ,:5 
! two sides are fix$ toge!r z 9 ,fig4   
#b1 ! hole betwe5 ! poles %\ld be ab\t  
an in* 9 circumf]5ce1 & ! wire mu/ be   
w\nd on ! armature s t x easily slips   
into ! cavity ,g1 :i* mu/ be made q     
smoo? = x to revolve 94 ,x w be se5 f ! 
dim5sions giv5 t 9 diamet] ! armature is
 only a little less ?an ! cyl9drical    
space betwe5 ! poles ( ! magnet1 & 9    
l5g? x is ab\t ! same z ! wid? ( !      
magnet4 ,x w\ld be an un=tunate         
occurr5ce if ! wire 0 to slip (f !      
armature :ile revolv+ at a high spe$1 & 
!re=e x is necess>y to keep x firmly 9  
its place4 ,?is is done by fil+ f\r     
small not*es 9 ! s(t iron ( ! armature  
at ! po9ts m>k$ ,a ,b ,c ,d 9 ,fig4 #c4 
,"s /rong wire or small /r+ is n[ w\nd  
lightly r\nd ! armature to hold ! coils 
( wire 9 _! prop] place1 ! not*es hold+ 
?is wire or /r+ f slipp+ (f at ! ends ( 

! cyl9d]4  ,! armature is n[ to be fix$ 
9 its prop] place betwe5 ! poles ( !    
magnet4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#f4--,,support ,,= ,,commutator ,,end   
,,( ,,axle4  ,to d ?is we %all want two 
supports = ! axle4 ,^! are made ( brass1
 %ap$ z 9 ,figs4 #e & #f1 #e be+ ! "o at
 ! pulley end ( ! axle1 & #f t at ! o!r 
end4 ,!y are fa/5$ by screws ?r\gh !    
holes ,p ,p1 into ! holes ,h ,h ,h ,h 9 
! bottom "p ( ! side ( ! magnet1 z      
previ\sly %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4  ,:5 !        
armature is fix$ 9 its prop] place x w  
appe> z ,fig4 #g1 ?is be+ a sectional   
diagram f above1 & ! top pieces ( !     
magnet be+ omitt$ = simplicity's sake4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,,gr\nd      
,,plan ,,( ,,magnet ,,& ,,armature ,,:5 
,,put ,,toge!r4  ,! brass ( :i* !       
supports are made %\ld be ab\t #a_/h in*
 ?ick1 & mu/1 ( c\rse1 be drill$ 9 !    
c5t] ) a hole to admit ! axle ( !       
armature4 ,to keep x exactly 9 ! "r     
place :ile revolv+1 a piece ( circul>   
brass tube1 ) a bore ! size ( ! hole    

made to admit ! armature1 %\ld be sold]$
 to ! brass supports 9 front ( ! hole2 t
 = ! pulley end ( ! axle %\ld be  in*   
long4 ,"o at ! o!r end is n necess>y1 b 
looks neat]2 ?is may be ab\t  in*       
long--i4 e4 z long z ! end ( ! axle     
project+ beyond ! brass support4  ,?is  
mu* hav+ be5 accompli%$1 we h n[ to     
consid] ! commutator1 :i* is a piece (  
app>atus by :i* all ! curr5ts proce$+ f 
magnet & armature are s5t 9 "o          
direction1 & ?us1 in/ead ( c\nt]act+ ea*
 o!r1 are made available = exp]im5ts4   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,,pill> ,,(   
,,commutator4  ,to make ?is necess>y    
adjunct to ! dynamo1 take a circul> b> (
 brass rod ab\t #c_/h in* 9 diamet] & an
 in* long4 ,into ! middle ( ?is sold] a 
brass screw by drill+ a hole & ins]t+   
its upp] end m9us ! head4 ,on ?is screw 
works a brass nut ab\t #c_/h in* long4  
,at ! o!r end ( ! rod a hole is drill$ =
 ! ins]tion ( ano!r brass screw1 long   
en\gh to g ?r\gh ! base4 ,ano!r pill>   
precisely l ?is has n[ to be made1 only 

in* high )\t ! nut4 ,n[ cut two pieces (
 %eet brass #b in*es long &  in* broad1 
suffici5tly /\t to act z spr+s & n too  
/\t to be ela/ic4 ,at "o end ( ea* cut a
 longitud9al hole ab\t  in* long & #a_/h
 in* broad2 t is to say1 ?is slit mu/ be
 broad en\gh to slip ov] ! top ( !      
screws above ! pill>s4 ,at ! o!r ends ( 
! brass spr+s slits ( equal l5g?1 b v   
n>r[--only ab\t #a_/bd in* wide--may be 
cut1 to make ! brass m spr+y4 ,on ! "u  
side ( ?is end ( "o spr+ & ! upp] side (
 ! o!r1 two pieces ( ?9 %eet copp] are  
fix$1 ! same bread? z ! spr+s1 & ab\t   
in* long4 ,^! are sold]$ by "o end to ! 
side ( ! spr+1 s z to act z spr+s       
!mselves1 _! o!r ends be+ free4  ,all   
?is be+ r complicat$1 we mu/ invoke !   
aid ( ! engrav] once m4 ,fig4 #h gives y
 ! me?od ( mak+ ! pill>s--,a be+ ! brass
 rod1 ,b ! screw & ,c ! nut1 ! hole to  
admit screw to fa/5 ! pill> to ! base is
 made at ! end ,d4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #i4--;,,brass ,,spr+ ,,( ,,commutator4 
,fig4 #i is ! brass spr+ ) slit1 ,a1 to 

slip ov] ! screw ( ,fig4 #h1 & ! copp]  
spr+ sold]$ to "o side1 at ! end1 at !  
po9t ,b4 ,n[ we slip ! brass spr+ ov] ! 
screw1 ! screw com+ ?r\gh ! slit1 &     
screw d[n ! nut ,c4 ,we ?us h two spr+s 
support$ at ! ends on pill>s at a height
 ( #a in* &  in* f ! base respectively4 
,( c\rse1 bo? ! pill>s & spr+s are      
treat$ alike1 b 9 ! case ( ! talle/ !   
copp] is on ! "u side1 & 9 ! o!r on !   
upp] side4  ,n[ we g back to ! armature1
 on ! axle ( :i* y w rememb] t ,i told y
 to fix a small roll] ( wood4 ,?is is   
only  in* long &  in* 9 diamet]1 & is   
fix$ firmly to ! axle s z to revolve    
along ) ! armature4 ,?is roll] is soak$ 
9 melt$ p>aff9 wax = an h\r or two be=e 
fix+ on1 or boil$ 9 x = "s "t1 s t x may
 p]meate ! wood4 ,! roll] c easily be   
turn$ 7( boxwood1 pref]ably7 if y are   
possess$ ( a la!1 b if y h none1 g to ! 
ne>e/ photograph] 7or1 pref]ably1 a     
deal] 9 photographic app>atus71 & f him 
y c buy = #c c5ts a roll] long en\gh to 
cut doz5s = dynamos--!y are :at s5sitiz$

 pap] is sold roll$ on4  ,! roll] hav+  
be5 provid$1 take a piece ( brass tube  
exactly s l>ge inside t ! roll] w fit   
tightly into x1 & cut (f a piece ! same 
l5g? z ! roll]1 or1 if any?+ a trifle   
%ort]4 ,y h n[ to cut1 ) a saw or       
o!rwise1 two diagonal l9es 9 ?is tube   
l5g?wise1 s t ! tube is !reby divid$    
into two pieces4 ,hav+ done ?is ! brass 
is replac$ on ! roll] & fa/5$ by m9ute  
screws1 or ,pr\t's ela/ic glue1 to ea*  
side ( x1 s t ! roll] becomes           
practically "o ( brass1 ) two slits 9 x4
 ,! screws mu/ n project above ! brass1 
b mu/ be well sunk into x1 s z to leave 
! surface smoo?3 & c>e mu/ be tak5 t !  
screws d n t\* bo? pieces ( brass by go+
 "r ?r\gh ! roll]--!y mu/ be v %ort4 ,! 
object ( cutt+ ! slits 9 a diagonal     
direction is t ! spr+s :5 press+ above &
 bel[ ! roll] 7see ,fig4 #aj7 %all n    
leave "o half ( ! commutator be=e re/+  
on ! o!r "p4 ,if !y d s ! commutator w  
sp>k badly1 :i* injures ! fitt+s1 & less
 curr5t is obta9$4 ,bo? slits are to be 

equidi/ant1 & bo? incl9$ 9 ! same       
direction4 ,! roll] is fix$ on ! axle 9 
su* a position t ! middles ( ! l9es (   
division are exactly 9 a l9e ) ! middle 
( ! groove ( ! armature4 ,:5 all ?is has
 be5 accompli%$ y w obvi\sly h two      
conduct+ surfaces1 ea* rea*+ ov] half ! 
cyl9d]1 sep>at$ by a small di/ance at   
top & bottom1 ! p>aff9$ wood1 ( c\rse1  
be+ a non-conductor ( electricity4 ,!   
brass tube mu/ be made to fit smoo?ly   
r\nd ! wood1 ! surface be+ free f any   
irregul>ities1 s t ! contact ) ! spr+s  
at ! sides may be z p]fect z possible4  
,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! brass is really    
sep>ate all d[n on bo? sides4 ,x is a   
good plan to fa/5 small spl9t]s (       
p>aff9$ wood 9 ! slits to make sure4    
,?is hav+ be5 done1 ! wire f "o end ( ! 
coil ( ! armature mu/ be sold]$ to "o ( 
! semi-circumf]5ces 7if ,i may co9 a ^w7
 ( brass on ! wood5 roll]1 & ! wire f ! 
o!r end ( ! coil to ! o!r               
semi-circumf]5ce4 ,?is is done at ! end 
or und]nea?1 n at ! top1 or x w make !  

surface r\gh1 & we want x to be z smoo? 
z x c possibly be4 ,! wire mu/ be q     
tight up to ! end sold]$ on2 !re mu/ be 
no loops1 or x w cat* 9 some?+ & be torn
 (f :5 x comes to revolve4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,,section ,,(
 ,,commutator ,,put ,,toge!r4  ,! brass 
pill>s support+ ! spr+s h n[ to be      
ins]t$ 9 ! base1 at su* a di/ance1 "o on
 ea* side ( ! roll] cov]$ ) brass1 t !  
copp] spr+s at ! end ( ! brass ones are 
exactly "o ov] & "o "u ! brass roll]4 ,(
 c\rse1 if !y are put 9 a l9e ) x1 !    
spr+s c easily be %ift$ to ! "r position
 by slipp+ ! slits ov] ! screws ( !     
pill>s1 & screw+ d[n ! nuts lightly :5  
!y come to ! "r place4 ,?is is v        
difficult to make intelligible1 & ,i    
give ano!r illu/ration ( ! relative     
positions ( ! p>ts ( ! commutator :i* ,i
 hope w make all cle>4 ,! pill>s ,p     
,p--:i* 7 put toge!r z %[n 9 ,figs4 #h &
 #i--;are fix$ at su* di/ances on       
opposite sides ( ! roll] ,r t ! spr+s ,s
 ,s are cont9ually 9 contact ) ! brass  

semi-circumf]5ces1 fir/ "o & !n ! o!r z 
! armature revolves4  ,we are n[ )9     
sight ( ! end ( our task1 & to guide (f 
! curr5t t we are go+ to produce we mu/ 
screw 9 two b9d+-screws at opposite     
corn]s ( ! same end ( ! base 7! end at  
:i* ! commutator is74 ,! ends ( ! wire f
 ! magnet are to be br\ght d[n ?r\gh !  
base & jo9$ to ! "u "p ( ^! b9d+-screws4
 ,plac+ ! base s t ! commutator end ( ! 
armature1 & n ! pulley end1 is next to  
y1 ! wire f ! inn] coil ( ! magnet goes 
to ! b9d+-screw on y\r left h&1 & t f ! 
out] coil to t on y\r "r h&4 ,! magnet  
%\ld be w\nd & plac$ 9 su* a position t 
^! ends are respectively on ! left & "r1
 & !n !y h only to be jo9$ to !         
b9d+-screws 9 front ( !m4  ,b be=e      
connect+ ^! wires up1 x is necess>y to  
give an initial magnetism to ! magnet1  
:i* at pres5t has n be5 magnetiz$ at    
all6 ,to d ?is we mu/ make use ( ano!r  
dynamo or a batt]y & connect ! wires    
com+ f ! magnet-coil to ! t]m9als ( !   
batt]y4 ,?is hav+ be5 done1 ! magnet w  

attract iron fil+s or ne$les1 etc41 &   
?is %[s t x has really become a magnet4 
,two cells ( ! *loride batt]y w be en\gh
 to magnetize x z mu* z x c be          
magnetiz$1 & en\gh w rema9 :5 ! batt]y  
is disconnect$ to />t ! action :5 !     
armature is revolv$4 ,two or ?ree m9utes
 is long en\gh to connect ) ! batt]y4   
,,"p ,,iii4  ,:ile ! curr5t is pass+ y c
 try ! foll[+ exp]im5t1 to prove t !    
wire is w\nd on all "r4 ,if x is n w\nd 
z describ$ !re w be two nor? poles or   
two s\? poles1 in/ead ( "o nor? & "o    
s\?4 ,suppose we decide to make ! leg on
 :i* ! wire comes f ! outside ( ! magnet
 ! nor? pole1 ! wire f ?is mu/ be jo9$  
to ! wire com+ f ! z9c end ( ! batt]y1 &
 ! o!r com+ f ! inside1 betwe5 ! poles1 
jo9$ to ! wire f ! c>bon end4 ,n[ if1   
:ile ! curr5t is pass+1 a magnetiz$     
ne$le is approa*$ to ea* pole           
consecutively1 & "o end ( x is attract$ 
& ! o!r repell$ 9 ea* case1 ! wire is   
all "r2 if bo? are attract$ some?+ is   
wrong4 ,! ne$le mu/ h be5 really        

magnetiz$ be=eh&1 or x w deceive y2 y c 
easily te/ if x is s ) an ord9>y p]man5t
 magnet4  ,hav+ magnetiz$ ! s(t iron 9 !
 way describ$1 we n[ jo9 up ! wires to !
 b9d+ screws1 "u ! base1 &1 ! pulley be+
 fix$ on to ! axle ( ! armature opposite
 to ! commutator1 ! ma*9e is n[ ready = 
use4 ,to rotate ! armature at a high    
spe$ x is necess>y to connect ! pulley  
by an endless b& ) a l>ge1 heavy :eel   
:i* c be rotat$ by h&4  ,= cont9u\s "w1 
z we _c always be turn+ ! :eel1 a small 
/eam-eng9e or wat]-motor mu/ be employ$4
 ,work$ 9 ?is way1 ! ma*9e ,i h describ$
 c be made to light #b #e c&le-p[] lamps
 ( #f volts1 & give ab\t #ab volts (    
curr5t4 ,?is is n mu*1 ( c\rse1 b by    
enl>g+ ! proportions ( ! v>i\s p>ts1 y c
 make z l>ge a dynamo z y l2 only ! p[] 
requir$ to "w x naturally increases     
consid]ably4 ,?is ma*9e w d a great deal
 ( ! "w ( a batt]y--= example x w run an
 induction coil or an electro motor at  
full p[]4 ,by connect+ two brass h&les  
to ! b9d+-screws by wires1 y w get a    

p[]ful %ock if y hold !m :ile "s "o     
turns ! :eel connect$ ) ! pulley2 9     
fact1 ! %ock is too p[]ful1 & ! p]son   
turn+ ! :eel mu/ be prep>$ to /op :5 !  
victim has _h en\gh4 ,if ^! h&les are   
dipp$ into a glass ( wat] slightly      
acidulat$ ) sulphuric acid 7to enable ! 
curr5t to pass m freely71 & ! dynamo    
briskly turn$1 y w soon see bubbles ris+
 f ! h&les--:i* mu/1 ( c\rse1 be plac$  
sep>ate f ea* o!r--consi/+ ( oxyg5 &    
hydrog5 gas1 into :i* ! wat] is be+     
decompos$ by ! =ce ( ! curr5t4 ,wat] be+
 compos$ ( two quantities ( hydrog5 gas 
to e "o ( oxyg51 x foll[s t d\ble z mu* 
hydrog5 w come (f ! h&le :i* evolves x z
 w come (f ! o!r ( oxyg51 & ?is y w soon
 see to be ! case2 ! bubbles on ! =m]   
be+ mu* m num]\s ?an ^? on ! latt]4  ,n[
 take a #e c&le-p[] #f-volt electric    
lamp1 & fa/5 x on to ! wires com+ f !   
b9d+-screws 7remov+ ! h&les7 by !       
plat9um loops at ! top4 ,if ! dynamo is 
n[ briskly turn$1 y w f9d t ! lamp w    
light up well1 & z long z ! :eel is     

turn$ & ! dynamo is buzz+1 s long w !   
lamp cont9ue to gl[4 ,by turn+ ! dynamo 
by /eam or wat]-motor we h1 !re=e1 a    
means ( produc+ a cont9u\s light1 :i* w 
n drop at ! end ( a few m9utes z 9 !    
case ( a batt]y4 ,?is is ! me?od by :i* 
all public build+s1 etc41 are light$4   
,!re is said to be always suffici5t     
residual magnetism 9 ! s(t iron core 7at
 any rate if con/ruct$ ( ord9>y s(t     
iron1 n specially anneal$7 to act on !  
armature :5 revolv$1 & ?is1 act+ on !   
magnet1 increases its magnetism s t !y  
react on ea* o!r until ! maximum effect 
( ! dynamo is rea*$4 ,?is is ! case ) ! 
majority ( dynamos us$ = light+1 etc42 b
 if y are ( an exp]im5tal turn ( m9d1 & 
are possess$ ( a batt]y z well z !      
dynamo1 y c try ! effect ( magnetiz+ !  
s(t iron cores by s5d+ a curr5t f !     
batt]y ?r\gh ! coil4  ,to d ?is1        
disconnect ! wires f ! magnet-coil f !  
b9d+-screws1 & connect !m ) ! t]m9als ( 
! batt]y4 ,! :ole curr5t f ! dynamo n[  
comes f ! armature1 & y w f9d t ?is     

curr5t is consid]ably increas$1 sp>ks   
fly+ ab\t 9 all directions :5 ! h&les f 
! b9d+-screws are approa*$ to ea* o!r or
 rubb$ toge!r4 ,! wat] w n[ be decompos$
 mu* fa/]1 & y w be able to light an    
additional lamp or two1 accord+ to !    
/r5g? ( ! batt]y4  ,fig4 #aa gives an   
idea ( ! positions ( ! p>ts ( ! dynamo  
:5 complete2 x is n an easy ?+ to draw1 
& ,i c only hope ! r\gh sket* w be      
intelligible to my read]s4 ,! spr+ ,a is
 bel[ ! roll] ( contact break]1 & ! spr+
 ,b above x1 ! diagonal l9e on ! roll]  
repres5t+ ! vacancy betwe5 ! brass      
pieces cov]+ ! wood4 ,! wires f ! ends (
 ! magnet-coil g ?r\gh ! base1 r\nd !   
bottoms ( ! pill>s ,a & ,b1 & jo9 ! o!r 
wire betwe5 ! pill>s & ! b9d+-screws4 ,!
 wire f ! pole on :i* ! wire comes f    
outside ! magnet is jo9$ to ! b9d+-screw
 ,a 9 ! figure4 ,! o!r wire comes f     
betwe5 ! poles1 & is jo9$ to ! o!r      
b9d+-screw4 ,if y c f9d out1 by means ( 
a galvanomet]1 :i* b9d+-screw is convey+
 ! positive curr5t1 ! wire f ! s\? pole 

( ! magnet is to be jo9$ to ! wire f    
?is1 & t f ! nor? pole ( ! magnet to !  
wire convey+ ! negative electricity4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--;,,dynamo    
,,complete4 ,,gr\nd ,,plan4  ,:5ev] y   
jo9 ! wires1 be sure to scrape (f all ! 
insulat+ mat]ial1 & twi/ !m firmly      
toge!r2 a little sold] is an improvem5t4
 ,:5ev] ! wires cross ! iron "w be sure 
! insulat+ mat]ial is q s\nd at t po9t4 
,x is a good plan to roll p>aff9$ silk  
r\nd ! wires at ^! places4 ,cut grooves 
"u ! base1 9 :i* ! wires may lie1 or !  
dynamo w n /& ev5ly4 ,! d>k l9e 9 !     
middle ( ! top ( magnet 9 ,fig4 #aa %[s 
:]e ! two p>ts jo94 ,!y %\ld be screw$  
up tightly toge!r4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #ab4--;,,h&-,,:eel ,,arrangem5t ,,=    
,,work+ ,,dynamo4  ,z a conclud+        
illu/ration1 ,i give a diagram ( my own 
me?od ( turn+ my dynamo 7,fig4 #ab74 ,on
 ! leg ( an ord9>y table ,t is fix$ !   
heavy iron :eel ,w1 :i* has a groove cut
 9 its circumf]5ce = ! reception ( an   
endless b& ,b4 ,^! :eels may be obta9$ =

 a few %ill+s f any ironmong]1 z !y are 
made = v>i\s ma*9es1 su* z la?s1        
fret-saws1 sew+-ma*9es1 etc4 ,! :eel is 
held by an ord9>y screw fix$ into ! leg 
( ! table1 & revolves on ! screw4 ,!    
endless b& 7tape w d7 passes ov] !      
groove & ov] ! pulley ( ! dynamo plac$  
on ! table above ! :eel4  ,x is bett] to
 let ! pulley ( ! dynamo project beyond 
! end ( ! base1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa1 9    
ord] to be able to connect x ) a :eel   
plac$ bel[ x1 if requir$4  ,! be/       
results are produc$ f ! dynamo :5 !     
resi/ance ( ! int]pol> 7i4 e4 ! lamp1 or
 :atev] x may h to "w7 is equal to !    
int]nal resi/ance ( ! ma*9e4 ,x is      
sometimes requir$ to s5d a curr5t ?r\gh 
a great] resi/ance ?an ?is1 & !n x      
becomes necess>y to employ :at is       
famili>ly t]m$ a %unt4 ,if "o lamp (    
high resi/ance is c\pl$ to ! dynamo1 !  
resi/ance may be too great = ! curr5t to
 get r\nd ! magnet 9 suffici5t quantity 
to give ! requir$ electromotive =ce4    
,suppos+ t ?is is ! case1 we make a     

second pa?way = x by jo9+ on a piece (  
iron wire 7ab\t t5 in*es ( ,no4 #cj7    
betwe5 ! two b9d+-screws1 ! lamp be+    
connect$ ) ! same b9d+-screws1 only     
fur!r (f4 ,! result ( ?is is t ! curr5t 
goes r\nd by ! second pa?way & excites !
 magnet m p[]fully1 & ?is1 9 its turn1  
excites ! armature m /rongly1 & s on1   
until en\gh curr5t is produc$ to light  
up ! lamp4 ,! resi/ance ( ! %unt requir$
 dep5ds on ! resi/ance ( ! lamp4 ,if ?is
 is l[ no %unt w be requir$1 if v high !
 resi/ance ( ! %unt mu/ be l[]$1 or else
 en\gh curr5t w n pass to magnetize !   
s(t iron cores1 & ! dynamo w give no    
curr5t4 ,! l[] ! resi/ance ( ! %unt     
requir$1 ! less wire we use4     ,"s    
,toys ,work$ by ,electricity4   ,,"p ,i4
  ,,! ,,electric ,,trumpet4  ,!re are _m
 toys :i* "o meets ) 9 ! sci5tific      
/ores1 ! mak+ ( :i* = !mselves w\ld give
 great satisfaction to ent]pris+        
devotees ( ! electrical art4 ,!y are = !
 mo/ "p easily con/ruct$1 & a great deal
 ( amusem5t c be d]iv$ f !m4 ,i h my    

d\bts :e!r ! fa!rs & mo!rs ( ! amateur  
electrician w ?ank me = introduc+ !     
subject ( ! pres5t article1 b !y mu/    
take com=t 9 ! ?\ght t if x works well x
 %[s real con/ructive p[] on ! "p ( !   
mak]4  ,= ! b5efit ( ^? ^: capability ( 
work+ 9 metal is limit$1 ,i am fir/ go+ 
to describe ! mak+ ( ?is rem>kable      
in/rum5t 9 its simple/ =m--a =m1 9 fact1
 s simple t any "o c make x & a*ieve    
success 9 a few h\rs4  ,fir/ ( all we   
want an old too?-p[d] box4 ,^! are all  
made ! same size1 & consequ5tly x is    
unnecess>y to give dim5sions4 ,! top ( !
 too?-p[d] box is to be tak51 & by means
 ( a fretsaw 7?is invaluable tool %\ld  
be 9 ! h&s ( e boy :o likes c>p5t]+2 !re
 are _m uses to :i* x c be put q diff]5t
 = :at x is int5d$ =7 a circul> hole is 
to be cut out ab\t #a_/h in* less ?an ! 
inside--t is to say1 a rim ( ab\t #a_/h 
in* is to project all ar\nd f ! rim ( ! 
lid4  ,we n[ want :at is kn[n 9         
photography z a f]rotype plate--i4 e41 a
 piece ( v ?9 %eet iron4 ,mo/ deal]s 9  

photographic goods w n sell less ?an f\r
 or five doz5 ( !m1 & ?is is too _m = u4
 ,a photographic fri5d w let u h "o     
gratis1 or a pr(essional photograph] may
 agree to "p ) "o = five or t5 c5ts if  
he is attack$ :5 9 a good temp]4  ,!    
f]rotype plate hav+ be5 procur$ by "s   
means or o!r1 ! next ?+ is to cut f x a 
circle j small en\gh to g inside ! rim (
 ! top ( ! too?-p[d] box4 ,y c m>k out !
 circle be=e cutt+ x by pa9t+ ! top ( ! 
rim ( ! bottom ( ! too?-p[d] box ) ink &
 press+ x d[n on ! f]rotype plate1 :5   
en\gh ink w come (f to guide ! scissors1
 & ( c\rse ! circle s cut w be ! exact  
size requir$4  ,we n[ h to make ! motive
 p[] ( ! ma*9e1 = !re is pl5ty ( "w done
 9 x1 ?\gh x only makes a noise--no "o c
 make a noise 9 ! _w )\t do+ pl5ty ( "w6
 ,& to make ?is we take a piece ( s(t   
iron rod ab\t #a in* long & half an in* 
9 diamet]1 & cut two circles out (      
c>dbo>d #a in* 9 diamet]4 ,! s(t iron   
rod c be b\ght f any h>dw>e /ore1 & x   
ought to be q s(t en\gh to "w at once   

)\t do+ any?+ to x2 if x is n1 x mu/ be 
heat$ r$-hot 9 a good fire & left among 
! coals ov]-night to get cool v         
gradually4  ,p]sonally ,i h always f\nd 
t ! ord9>y b>s ( s(t iron b\ght f any   
h>dw>e man are amply s(t en\gh = any    
electrical "w4  ,y mu/ get ! h>dw>e man 
to file ! ends ( y\r b> flat2 if !y are 
n fil$ y w h to d x y\rself1 & a f9e job
 x is6  ,n[ we g back to ! circles (    
c>dbo>d4 ,a hole is to be cut 9 ea* 9 ! 
c5t] exactly ! size to admit ! core (   
s(t iron1 !n by slipp+ ! circles ov] !  
ends we get a reel4 ,n[ a hole has to be
 made exactly 9 ! c5t] ( ! bottom ( !   
too?-p[d] box1 & exactly s l>ge t ! core
 ( s(t iron w fit tightly into x2 y c d 
?is aga9 ) ! fretsaw1 ! wood ( :i*      
too?-p[d] boxes are made is delightfully
 easy to cut4  ,n[ comes ! adju/m5t ( ! 
reel4 ,y mu/ put ! circles on ! core1 & 
putt+ "o end ( ! latt] ?r\gh ! hole at !
 bottom ( ! box y mu/ pu% ! iron ?r\gh  
until ! top is exactly flu% ) ! top ( ! 
rim ( ! side ( ! box4 ,"o ( y\r circles 

w n[ be mu* fur!r on ! core ?an ! o!r1 &
 ! "o at ! end t is n pu%$ ?r\gh ! hole 
mu/ be adju/$ close to ! edge1 leav+    
ab\t #a_/af ( ! core project+1 s t we h 
n[ a reel =m$ at "o end ( ! core1 & held
 9 position by ! bottom ( ! box4 ,! m   
/iffly ! core fits ! hole ! bett]1 & if 
x has to be hamm]$ into its place1 bett]
 /ill1 only take c>e n to split ! wood (
 ! bottom ( ! box4  ,! circles1 be+ n[ 9
 _! "r places1 mu/ n be mov$ aga91 b !  
roll] has to be w\nd ) wire1 = :i*      
purpose ! core w h to come out ( ! box  
tempor>ily4 ,be=e beg9n+ to w9d ! wire1 
get "s ?9 pap] 7,fr5* note-pap] is be/71
 & w9d a piece r\nd & r\nd ! core betwe5
 ! circles1 fa/5+ x & ! circles at its  
ends to ! core by means ( a small       
quantity ( mucilage4  ,we n[ h to w9d ! 
wire on to ! roll]4 ,! m wire ! /rong] !
 magnet w be1 b suffici5t w be ab\t two 
ounces4 ,y c get ! wire at mo/ h>dw>e   
/ores = fifte5 c5ts an ounce4 ,x is     
g5]ally cotton-cov]$1 ( light gre5      
color2 m$ium ?ickness %\ld be us$1 n too

 f9e1 z ?is (f]s too mu* resi/ance to ! 
curr5t1 & n too co>se1 or x w fill !    
reel too soon4  ,we beg9 by mak+ a hole 
ne> ! core 9 ! circle :i* is fur!/ on x1
 & pu% "o end ( ! wire ?r\gh a hole f ! 
inside ( ! reel4 ,ab\t ?ree in*es %\ld  
be pu%$ ?r\gh to all[ = future          
manipulation1 & ! wire is n[ to be w\nd 
tightly ov] ! pap] cov]+ ! core 9 ev5   
coils1 lay] on lay]1 till ! reel is     
ne>ly full & we h arriv$ at )9 ab\t ?ree
 in*es ( ! o!r end ( ! wire4 ,?is is n[ 
to be pass$ ?r\gh ano!r hole 9 ! same   
circle z be=e1 :i* hole w ( c\rse be    
fur!r f ! c5t] ?an ! fir/4 ,! magnet w  
be mu* /rong] if two or ?ree folds (    
pap] are wrapp$ r\nd x betwe5 ea* lay] (
 wire4  ,! coil is n[ con/ruct$1 & c be 
replac$ 9 ! too?-p[d] box1 pass+ ! ends 
( ! wire ?r\gh two holes 9 ! side or    
bottom made to receive !m4 ,be=e leav+  
?is "p ( ! in/rum5t ,i may rem>k t c>e  
mu/ be tak5 t ! cov]+ ( wire is q       
cont9u\s ?r\gh\t1 & has n got rubb$ (f  
at any po9ts2 if x has1 y mu/ w9d f9e   

silk ov] x to cov] x up aga94 ,%\ld !re 
be a break any:]e 9 ! wire y mu/        
c>efully scrape ! wire (f ! two ends &  
twi/ ! wires firmly toge!r1 if possible 
sold]+ !m toge!r & !n w9d f9e silk ov] !
 jo94  ,x is n necess>y 9 ?is ma*9e to  
soak ! coil 9 melt$ p>aff91 b might     
improve ! insulation if ! cov] ( ! wire 
is ?94 ,only if !re is a jo9 & y h      
twi/$1 n sold]$ ! wires toge!r1 y mu/ n 
soak ! coil 9 wax1 or ! melt$ wax gets  
betwe5 ! ends ( ! wires & /ops ! curr5t 
7?is ( c\rse applies to all             
electro-magnets & %\ld be rememb]$ z a  
possible cause ( failure47  ,! core hav+
 be5 pu%$ ?r\gh ! hole aga91 up to !    
circle ( c>dbo>d1 ! f]rotype plate is   
plac$ 9 ! top ( ! box1 & ! box is %ut   
up4 ,n[ ! f]rotype plate mu/ be exactly 
free ( ! end ( ! core & t is all4 ,y c  
te/ ?is by tapp+ x4 ,if x vibrates 9 &  
out1 x is all "r2 if ! end ( ! core is  
too tightly press$ aga9/ x1 !re w be no 
possibility ( mov+ ! c5t] 9 & out1 & !  
core mu/ be driv5 fur!r ?r\gh ! hole    

till x is j free ( ! f]rotype plate4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,,%ape ,,(    
,,plat9um ,,foil1 ,p1 ,,fa/5$ ,,to      
,,f]rotype ,,plate1 ,f4  ,n[ comes ano!r
 "p ( ! in/rum5t1 viz41 !               
contact-break]4 ,! foll[+ is z good a   
way ( arrang+ x z any3 ,take a piece (  
%eet brass ! exact l5g? ( ! diamet] ( ! 
top ( ! too?-p[d] box & ab\t half in*   
wide1 & 9 ! middle ( x bore a hole :i* w
 admit a brass screw--) a mill$ head    
pref]ably4 ,! screw %\ld fit tightly    
into ! hole1 s z to screw easily up &   
d[n :5 turn$4 ,to ! end ( ! screw1 :i*  
is cut (f flat1 is sold]$ a %ort piece (
 plat9um wire1 ins]t$ 9 a hole 9 ! end (
 ! screw made to receive x2 x c be fa/5$
 by any o!r means1 z long z x w screw up
 & d[n & is 9 contact ) ! brass screw4  
,adju/ ! screw s t ! plat9um po9t is )9 
a m9ute di/ance ( ! f]rotype plate :5 ! 
brass support is screw$ d[n at ! ends to
 ! side ( ! box lid1 & screw x d[n )    
small screws firmly 9 its position4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig #b4--,,section ,,(  

,,simple ,,electric ,,trumpet ,,%[+     
,,details ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,p>ts4  ,be=e ?is
 is done1 h[ev]1 a ?9 /rip ( plat9um    
foil %\ld be sold]$ to ! upp] surface ( 
! f]rotype plate1 or o!rwise fa/5$ to   
x--ela/ic glue w answ]--?is /rip t]m9at+
 9 ! c5t]1 & rea*+ to ! edge ( ! plate1 
leav+ a %ort piece ov]4 ,a v ?9 /rip w  
be en\gh1 ( ! %ape ( ,p 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,n[ 
! f]rotype plate is to be plac$ 9       
position aga9 7! side ( :i* ! plat9um   
foil is fa/5$ be+ outw>ds1 & ! end ( !  
foil go+ d[n betwe5 ! edge ( ! f]rotype 
plate & ! wood into ! inside ( ! box71 &
 ! end ( ! wire f ! coil :i* 0 left     
inside ! box is to be securely fa/5$1   
ei!r by sold]+ or o!rwise1 to ! end ( ! 
plat9um foil :i* 0 left loose1 s z to be
 9 metallic connection ) x4 ,a wire c n[
 be twi/$ r\nd or sold]$ to ! screw ) ! 
plat9um po9t1 & ! in/rum5t is complete4 
,x has tak5 "s space to describe1 b ,i  
made my own 9 ab\t half an h\r4 ,fig4 #b
 gives a g5]al view ( ! p>ts put toge!r4
  ,! lid ( ! box %\ld be tightly fa/5$  

d[n by f\r small screws1 two ( :i* may  
be ^? :i* fa/5 on ! brass /rip hold+ !  
screw4  ,n[ to consid] its action4 ,!   
wire ,i 9 ,fig4 #b is connect$ to "o    
wire ( ! batt]y1 & ! wire ,g to ! o!r4  
,! curr5t !n />ts f ! batt]y1 r\nd !    
coil ,b1 conv]t+ ! core into a magnet1 &
 up ! wire ,h to ! plat9um foil ,p1     
along ! plat9um foil1 :i* 0 fa/5$ to !  
upp] side ( ! f]rotype plate ,f1 to !   
plat9um wire :i* tips ! screw ,c4 ,x !n 
goes up ! screw ,c1 along ! brass piece 
,e1 :i* is fa/5$ to ! box by screws1 z  
%[n 9 ! figure1 to ! wire ,g1 & s back  
to ! batt]y by ! o!r wire4  ,! screw ,c 
mu/ be !re=e screw$ d[n till ! plat9um  
wire at its tip is j 9 contact ) ! foil 
on ! f]rotype plate4 ,n[ ( c\rse :5 !   
curr5t goes r\nd ! coil1 & ?us conv]ts !
 s(t iron into an electro-magnet1 !     
latt] in/antly attracts ! f]rotype plate
 :i* is imm$iately above x4 ,b ! latt]  
mov+ its c5t] ne> ! core1 ! plat9um foil
 :i* is atta*$ to x is !reby mov$ out ( 
contact ) ! wire on ! screw ,c1 & !     

curr5t is in/antly /opp$4 ,!reupon !    
attraction ( ! magnet ceases1 & !       
f]rotype plate flies back to its =m]    
position & s jo9s ! plat9um wire & foil1
 & />ts ! curr5t aga91 & ! =m] process  
is repeat$4 ,! f]rotype plate !re=e     
vibrates ) trem5d\s rapidity betwe5 !   
core & ! plat9um screw4 ,n[ ! vibrat+   
armature ( an ord9>y coil makes q a hum 
:5 h>d at "w1 b ( c\rse a l>ge plate su*
 z ?is makes a mu* l\d] noise1          
consequ5tly y w he> a f]oci\s buzz+ l an
 army ( millions ( bees let loose f a   
hive1 & on screw+ ! screw ,c up or d[n  
till y get to ! correct po9t y w get a  
%rill note v l a p5ny :i/le4 ,if screw$ 
up ! vibrations are sl[]1 & a deep] note
 is produc$2 if screw$ d[n ! vibrations 
are m rapid & a high] note is s\nd$4    
,!re=e y c amuse y\rself by screw+ x    
rapidly up & d[n1 or adju/+ x by press+ 
! brass piece ) y\r f+]1 & a little     
practice w enable y to br+ out a sort ( 
tune produc$ by electricity6  ,:5 y h   
become tir$ ( j+l+ out y\r tune y c fix 

! electric trumpet up 9 a p]man5t       
position1 adju/+ ! wires f ! batt]y s z 
to pass ?r\gh an ord9>y press :i* may be
 9 ano!r room4 ,! trumpet w !n beg9     
buzz+ or hoot+ :5ev] ! button ( ! press 
is pu%$ 91 & /op :5 ! pressure is       
releas$4 ,9 ?is way ( c\rse ! trumpet w 
act z a call in/ead ( a bell1 & z !     
d\ble wire c be easily hidd5 "u ! c>pet 
& 9 d>k corn]s1 & pa9t$ to mat* :atev]  
wood-"w x crosses1 y c arrange x f an   
up-/airs room to a d[n-/airs "o or vice 
v]sa ) v little tr\ble4 ,i give an      
illu/ration ( ! me?od ( connect+ !      
batt]y & trumpet ) "o swit* or press1 to
 %[ h[ to arrange ! s]ies4 7,see ,fig4  
#c47  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,,me?od 
,,( ,,connect+ ,,trumpet ,,to ,,batt]y  
,,& ,,"o ,,press4  ,! trumpet made 9 ! v
 simple way ,i h describ$ w n produce a 
v l\d noise1 b q l\d en\gh1 if prop]ly  
put toge!r1 to attract a p]son's        
att5tion :o 0 9 ! room :5 x w5t (f4 ,!  
s\nd c be r5d]$ l\d] by fix+ a c>dbo>d  
funnel or cornucopia to ! front ( !     

too?-p[d] box to make a k9d ( horn4     
,,"p ,,ii4  ,! trumpets sold 9 ! %ops1 z
 a rule1 make a v l\d noise inde$--9    
fact1 a little ( x goes a v long way )  
mo/ p4 ,! increas$ s\nd is probably due 
to ! body ( ! trumpet be+ compos$ (     
brass1 :i*1 vibrat+ 9 unison ) !        
f]rotype plate1 increases ! s\nd4 ,wood 
w !re=e n give s l\d a s\nd1 & if y c   
con/ruct ! case ( metal y %\ld c]ta9ly d
 s4 ,! vibrations ( ! plate1 & !re=e !  
s\nd1 may also be increas$ by us+ a     
horse%oe magnet1 ! two poles attract+ ! 
plate m /rongly4 ,9 ! b\ght trumpets !  
case is %ap$ l a horn1 9 :i* ! magnet is
 plac$1 ! plat9um contact-break] be+    
beh9d 7:]e x is 9 ! "o ,i h describ$1   
suppos+ !re 0 no bottom to ! box & !    
magnet 0 support$ by a b> across f side 
to side1 ! cornucopia be+ plac$ on t    
side ( ! box1 in/ead ( ! o!r1 ) ! magnet
 inside x74 ,i ?9k x is unnecess>y to   
describe _! con/ruction fur!r1 z !      
pr9ciple & details ( con/ruction ( !    
simple "o ,i h describ$ w apply to any1 

& any me?od ( /ructure may be adopt$ :i*
 suits ! m9d ( ! mak]4  ,! trumpet hav+ 
be5 made ,i w n[ give y a plan ( fitt+ x
 up :i* adds enorm\sly to ! effect4 ,we 
want to hide ! trumpet s t no "o %all "k
 :]e x is4 ,my own plan ( do+ ?is is z  
foll[s3 ,i h made a wood5 erection1 (   
:i* ,i give a draw+ :i* w expla9 itself4
 ,x consi/s ( a back ) a %elf at !      
bottom & a k9d ( canopy at ! top4 ,x c  
be made almo/ any size1 small or big1 to
 suit ! occupant ( ! %elf4 ,my own      
measurem5ts are ab\t z foll[s3 ,f ! top 
,a to ! bottom ,b1 ! l5g? ( back piece1 
includ+ bracket1 #a foot #c in*es4      
,bread? ( back #e in*es4 ,side ( canopy 
7,d71 bread? #d in*es1 height #c in*es1 
bread? ( front 7,c to ,d7 #e in*es2     
height ( c\rse ! same z sides4 ,! top   
piece w !n be ab\t #e in*es by #d in*es4
 ,! %elf at ! bottom is ab\t ! same size
 z ! top ( ! canopy1 & is support$ by a 
bracket ( r ?ick wood1 :i* y c c>ve z   
elaborately z y l4  ,n[ take ! electric 
trumpet1 :e!r made at home or pur*as$1 &

 fa/5 x to ! "u side ( ! canopy 7?is is 
be/ done be=e ! sides are put on71 &    
fa/5 a d\ble wire beh9d ! back 7cutt+ a 
groove = x to g 97 up to ! back ( !     
canopy1 :]e x goes ?r\gh & divides1 "o  
wire be+ fa/5$ to "o t]m9al ( ! trumpet 
& ! o!r wire to ! o!r4 ,! d\ble wire    
goes "r d[n ! back & em]ges at ,b4      
,obvi\sly if y n[ jo9 y\r press & batt]y
 on to ! d\ble wire1 :5 y squeeze !     
press ! trumpet w squeak4 ,b "h we are  
go+ to practice a little innoc5t        
deception1 & to t end we g to a toy %op 
& pur*ase a small & pretty doll ( ! male
 sex1 & if y c get "o 7or dress "o up7  
attir$ z a soldi] or trumpet]1 by all   
means d s4 ,! doll is n[ to be fix$ on  
to ! bracket by means ( a long wire--say
 a hairp9 b5t out /raight1 "o end be+   
pu%$ into ! wood1 ! o!r pass+ up "o     
tr\s] leg ( ! doll & into its body2 !   
wire is ?us completely hidd5 & is mu*   
bett] ?an glue1 z x admits ( ! doll be+ 
plac$ 9 a natural attitude1 & be+ remov$
 if requir$4 ,9 "o ( 8 h&s y mu/ make   

him hold a small trumpet 7?is is a v    
exp5sive item2 x w co/ two c5ts7 ) !    
m\?piece to 8 m\?1 z repres5t$ 9 !      
picture4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4          
#d4--;,,electric ,,doll4  ,! :ole ?+ is 
n[ fa/5$ to ! wall 9 a conv5i5t place1  
by driv+ nails ?r\gh ! back1 & ! d\ble  
wire is completely hidd5 by pass+ x     
beh9d furniture1 books1 etc41 d[n to !  
floor4 ,!re is great scope = +5uity on !
 "p ( ! work] 9 hid+ ! wire1 & no       
def9ite in/ructions c possibly be giv54 
,9 my own case ,i h no back piece bel[ !
 %elf ! support be+ aga9/ ! wall4 ,!    
wire desc5ds beh9d ! support 7to ,b 9 ! 
picture71 & bel[ t ,i h hung a date     
cal5d> ov] x1 x makes a turn to ! "r &  
goes d[n beh9d a *iffoni] cov]$ ) books 
to ! floor4 ,"u ^! circum/ances no human
 be+ c\ld possibly tell t !re 0 a wire  
at all1 & !re be+ no back piece "u !    
bracket 7s t ! pap] ( ! room c be se571 
no?+ b ! support t\*+ ! cal5d>1 x does n
 look z if any wires c\ld possibly be   
hidd5 any:]e4  ,n[1 if y press ! button1

 ( c\rse ! trumpet squeaks1 b ! doll be+
 j und]nea? x1 & ! trumpet be+ 9 ! d>k  
"u ! canopy1 no "o ?9ks x is a sep>ate  
in/rum5t1 b ( c\rse e "o jumps to !     
conclusion t x is ! doll bl[+6 ,hide !  
batt]y 9 a corn] 9 a black box1 ! wires 
com+ ?r\gh ! side next ! wall1 & ! press
 9 a d>k corn]1 or on ! floor "u a table
 s t y c put y\r foot on x :ile y\r h&s 
are free1 writ+1 etc4  ,y c ( c\rse n[  
tell ! doll to bl[1 at ! same mom5t     
putt+ y\r foot on ! press1 :5 ! trumpet 
bl[s accord+ly4 ,( c\rse ?is is my/]i\s 
to ! la/ degree to ! un9itiat$ fri5d to 
:om y are display+ ! doll1 z y may be   
any di/ance (f f ! doll ) y\r h&s free1 
speak+ to him across ! room4  ,! wood5  
erection to hold ! doll c be pa9t$ any  
color2 pref]able ! back %\ld be black1 z
 x %[s (f ! doll4 ,9 front ( ! canopy y 
c pa9t a monogram or h]aldic device4 ,if
 ! doll is "o ( ^? extremely pretty     
little specim5s :i* c be procur$ at any 
good toy %op = ab\t tw5ty-five c5ts1    
dress$ z base ball play]s1 soldi]s1 etc1

 7:at our gr&mo!rs w\ld h ?\ght ( !m 9  
_! "y days x is difficult to imag9e7 x w
 really be q an ornam5t to ! room1      
indep5d5tly ( its electrical qualities4 
,?is *apt] has outgr[n ! space ,i meant 
to occupy1 & ,i mu/ wait = ! next to    
tell y h[ to make ! doll "w f v>i\s p>ts
 ( ! room z y walk ab\t & talk to him1 &
 h[ to make ! batt]y4 ,! be/ batt]y to  
use is to ,leclan*e4 ,y c use ?ree or   
f\r cells ( ,no4 #b size accord+ to l5g?
 ( wire ?r\gh :i* ! curr5t has to pass4 
,9 my next *apt] ,i w try & expla9 h[ to
 make an electric drum1 s t y c h a k9d 
( drum & fife b&4   ,,"p ,,iii4  ,,!    
,,electric ,,drum4  ,9 "p two on !      
,electric ,trumpet1 ,i promis$ to expla9
 h[ to make an electric drum2 & ?is     
promise ,i n[ propose to r$eem4  ,!     
sy/em on :i* x works is precisely       
analog\s to t ( ! electric trumpet1 &   
almo/ id5tical ) t ( ! ord9>y electric  
bell1 ( :i* ,i hope to say m 9 ano!r    
*apt]4  ,z be=e1 we h a hamm] vibrat+   
backw>ds & =w>ds 9 response to pulls f a

 magnet1 :i* is magnetiz$ & demagnetiz$ 
by /opp+ & />t+ an electric curr5t4 ,9 !
 case ( ! induction coil1 ! hamm] is    
only a means :]eby ! curr5t is brok5 &  
/>t$ aga9 ) great rapidity1 & 9 ! case (
 ! trumpet ! vibrator is us$ to make !  
noise by its vibration1 b 9 ?is in/rum5t
 we mu/ h a bona fide hamm]1 :i* mu/ be 
able to beat ! drum1 & ?us cause a /irr+
 & m>tial s\nd4  ,fir/1 !n1 we w devote 
our att5tion to ! con/ruction ( !       
magnet4 ,9 =m] *apt]s 7z 9 ! case ( !   
electro-motor = example71 ,i h giv5 y ! 
me?od ( mak+ ! magnets out ( "o solid   
piece ( s(t iron1 9 ! =m ( a horse%oe4  
,?is "t1 h[ev]1 we w make x ( sev]al    
pieces1 = a *ange2 x is f> m conv5i5t to
 make1 & looks mu* neat] :5 f9i%$4      
,take a piece ( s(t iron #a in*es long  
by #e_/h in* broad & #a_/h in* ?ick1 & 9
 ! middle drill a hole ab\t #c_/af in* 9
 diamet]4 ,on ea* side ( ?is1 on a l9e )
 x at a di/ance ( ab\t  in*1 drill two m
 holes ( ! same size4 ,?is is to =m !   
back1 or1 z x is sci5tifically t]m$1 !  

yoke ( ! magnet4 ,to =m ! poles we      
require two exactly simil> pieces ( s(t 
iron b> #a in* long & #c_/h in* 9       
diamet]4 ,^! are to be fil$ q smoo? at !
 ends aft] cutt+1 & 9 ! middle ( "o end 
a hole is to be drill$ to admit a screw 
:i* w j g ?r\gh ! holes on ea* side ( ! 
c5t] "o made 9 ! flat piece ( ! s(t     
iron4 ,^! holes are cut to receive !    
?read ( ! screw1 b if y c't d ?is y c   
simply leave out ! end holes = screws1 &
 sold] ! r\nd & flat pieces ( iron      
toge!r4 ,^! are to be sold]$ or screw$  
toge!r1 s z to =m a magnet1 ! hole 9 !  
middle ( ! flat piece s]v+ to introduce 
a screw1 = ! purpose ( atta*+ ! magnet  
to a support4 ,! be/ plan1 if y c d x1  
is to drill & tap ?is hole to receive a 
screw :i* is ins]t$ 9 a brass support   
made ( a piece ( brass #a #a_/h in*1    
long  in* broad1 & #a_/h in* ?ick1 b5t  
at "r angles at ab\t  in* f "o end1 ?is 
%orte/ end be+ drill$ = two screws to   
fa/5 x to ! base-bo>d1 :ile ! longe/ end
 has a hole 9 ! c5t] ab\t #a_/h in* f ! 

end1 to admit ! screw :i* fits ! hole 9 
! c5t] ( ! yoke4 ,hav+ done all ?is1 y w
 h ,fig4 #a1 :i* repres5ts ! magnet be=e
 x is w\nd4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#a4--,,magnet ,,put ,,toge!r ,,ready ,,=
 ,,w9d+4 7,sectional diagram47  ,! s(t  
iron cores h n[ to be conv]t$ into      
magnets z usual1 & "h comes 9 ! especial
 advantages ( hav+ screws to fa/5 !     
magnet toge!r1 z y c take ! :ole ?+ to  
bits1 w9d ! wire on ! legs 9 com=t1 & !n
 fa/5 toge!r aga94 ,b if y h sold]$ !   
magnet toge!r1 y c a*ieve ! same end 9 a
 diff]5t way by mak+ two small bobb9s to
 hold ! wire1 ! exact size to slip on   
ov] ! s(t iron cores :5 ! wire is w\nd  
on !m4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ prop] to  
w9d ! wire on bobb9s1 :i* c be remov$ f 
! cores if requir$4 ,i %\ld ?9k x c     
seldom be requir$1 b ! bobb9s are       
conv5i5t 9 ?is case4 ,i may rem>k       
p>5!tically t bobb9s w\nd & unw\nd1 s(t 
iron cores1 & yokes1 sep>ately or       
toge!r1 & supports fix$ to ! yokes or n1
 c be obta9$ f any l>ge electrician :o  

sells p>ts ( electric bells1 etc42 !    
magnet c also be got put toge!r         
complete4  ,we n[ h to make bobb9s1     
suppos+ t we are n go+ to buy !m4 ,!    
elaborat5ess ( _! manufacture w dep5d   
entirely on ! skill ( ! mak]4 ,"s       
con/ruct !m by saw+ (f top & bottom ( a 
reel ( cotton1 & =m+ a roll] ( c>dbo>d  
to fit ! magnets1 f9ally jo9+ ! ends ( !
 reel to ?is roll]1 to make an elongat$ 
reel ( ! "r size4 ,o!rs con/ruct _!     
bobb9s entirely ( c>dbo>d1 ! ends be+   
m]ely two circles ( c>d4 ,o!rs :o are   
v]s$ 9 ! my/]ies ( wood-turn+1 & are    
lucky en\gh to possess a la! ) :i* to d 
x1 make two bobb9s ( solid wood1 drill$ 
to fit ! iron cores4 ,= ^! no           
in/ructions are ne$$1 z ! dim5sions w be
 z giv5 pres5tly4 ,= ^? :o only want to 
use ! magnet = ?is special purpose1 & d 
n c>e ab\t ! bobb9s be+ removable1 !    
foll[+ is ! simple/ way to set to "w3   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,,magnet      
,,w\nd ,,& ,,put ,,toge!r4  ,cut two    
circles ( ?ick c>dbo>d1 ea* #g_/h in* 9 

diamet]1 & 9 ! c5t] cut a hole ! exact  
size to slip ov] ! s(t iron core4 ,n[   
wrap sev]al ?icknesses ( ?9 tissue      
pap]--or pref]ably ,fr5* note pap] or   
trac+ pap]--ov] ! magnet1 betwe5 !      
circles ( c>dbo>d1 cutt+ ! /rip ab\t #a 
#a_/h in* broad or #c_/h in* less ?an ! 
l5g? ( ! cores4 ,n[ y c fa/5 ! two      
circles ( c>dbo>d at ! ends ( ! trac+   
pap]1 & keep !m 9 _! prop] places on !  
magnet by means ( mucilage--beat ! s(t  
iron be=e apply+1 & x w !n adh]e firmly 
to x4 ,9 ?is way1 ( c\rse1 y =m a roll]1
 on :i* we n[ h to w9d ! wire4 ,if y h  
sold]$ ! magnet's p>ts toge!r1 y mu/ h  
movable bobb9s1 z x w\ld be simply      
impossible to w9d ! wire ev5ly on !     
cores :5 fix$ 9 position1 z ! edges ( ! 
bobb9s w be s close toge!r t x is n     
possible to w9d ! wire on betwe5 !m )\t 
! coils becom+ displac$4  ,! me?od (    
w9d+ ! wire is simple en\gh4 ,no4 #bd   
wire is a good size to use2 x c be      
cotton-cov]$ or1 pref]ably1 silk-cov]$1 
z 9 ! latt] case ! insulation is bett]4 

,beg9 by mak+ a hole ne> ! roll] 9 !    
circle ( c>dbo>d t is next to ! end :]e 
! hole = ! screw has be5 made4 ,pass    
ab\t ?ree in*es ( wire ?r\gh ! hole & !n
 w9d x ev5ly on ov] ! trac+ pap] f end  
to end & back aga94 ,y ought to h five  
or six lay]s ( x2 an ounce1 or an ounce 
& a half1 ( wire w probably be en\gh4   
,:5 x is all on1 make ano!r hole 9 !    
disc & pass out ! wire4 ,?is is only to 
hold x safe :ile y w9d ! o!r bobb94 ,:5 
t is f9i%$ y c put ! magnet toge!r1 &   
ends ( ! two wires h n[ to be jo9$      
toge!r4 ,! two ends t are jo9$ toge!r   
mu/ be ^? :i* come f ! wire t is w\nd f 
! "r to ! left ov] "o core & left to "r 
ov] ! o!r1 t is to say1 tak+ ! wire :5  
jo9$ z "o1 x mu/ be s w\nd on bo? limbs 
( ! magnet t if !y 7 b5t into "o /raight
 b> x w\ld all be w\nd 9 ! same         
direction4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4        
#c4--,,%ape ,,( ,,spr+ ,,= ,,armature4  
,) a composite magnet1 h[ev]1 !re is no 
e>?ly difficulty 9 gett+ x "r1 = y h    
only to connect ! batt]y to two wires & 

jo9 ! o!r two1 & if !y don't make !     
magnet "w1 jo9 up "o to ! batt]y in/ead 
( "o ( ^? jo9$1 & connect ! o!r two     
wires2 :i*ev] gives ! be/ result /ick   
to4 ,y mu/ get all ! silk or cotton (f !
 wire1 :]e y jo9 !m1 & twi/ !m ov] & ov]
 tightly toge!r2 if y c sold] !m1 s mu* 
! bett]4 ,pull ! wire tight & w9d x on !
 reels until ! place :]e x is jo9$ is   
pull$ tightly & n left 9 a loop1 :i*    
w\ld look untidy4 ,fig4 #b gives an idea
 ( ! magnet complet$1 & ,i h endeavor$  
by means ( ! arr[s to %[ h[ ! wire is   
w\nd1 !y are suppos$ to give ! direction
 ( ! top lay] ( wire 9 ea* case2 ( c\rse
 ei!r may be w\nd f ! inside1 s y mu/   
also consid] t 9 ?is picture ! outside  
coils are jo9$4 ,! magnet hav+ be5 ?us  
con/ruct$1 we mu/ n[ turn our att5tion  
to ! vibrat+ hamm] :i* is to beat !     
drum4 ,to make ?is we want ano!r piece (
 s(t iron ( ab\t ! same size z t =m+ !  
yoke ( ! magnet1 say1 #a #c_/h in*   in*
  #a_/h in*4 ,we %all !n require a piece
 ( brass spr+ ab\t ?ree in*es long &    

half an in* broad4 ,?is is made ( v ?9  
spr+y brass1 s z to make a spr+ :i* w   
move ! armature quickly4 ,"o end ( !    
spr+ %\ld be tap]$ (f z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c1 
& at ! po9t ,p 9 ! figure a small piece 
( plat9um foil 7! real ?+1 n t9-foil1   
:i* ,i am sure is (t5 sold 9 *eap       
app>atus in/ead ( x17 %\ld be fa/5$1 by 
sold] if possible4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #d4--;,,drum ,,hamm] ,,put ,,toge!r4   
,we n[ want a piece ( r /\t brass wire  
b5t into ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,x mu/  
be ab\t f\r in*es long1 b its l5g? w be 
det]m9$ by ! size ( ! drum & ! l5g? ( ! 
magnet :5 x is all put toge!r4 ,at ! end
 ( ?is wire y mu/ h a wood5 knob 7n     
brass1 :i* doesn't produce ne>ly s mu*  
noise74 ,?is y w h provid$ ready = y if 
y pur*ase ! drum1 z !y w naturally      
supply drum/icks ) x1 & ! head ( "o ( ^!
 cut (f & fa/5$ to ! end ( ! wire1 by   
simply mak+ a hole & /ick+ x 91 w answ] 
! purpose beautifully4  ,?is wire has to
 be fa/5$ to ! s(t iron armature1 a     
simple way ( do+ :i* is to drill a hole 

! exact size & ins]t ! end2 x c !n be   
sold]$ 94 ,or1 if y _c drill a hole1 y c
 simply sold] x on4 ,! brass spr+ has ! 
end b5t outw>ds1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #d1 & is 
fa/5$ to ! s(t iron armature by screws1 
z %[n 9 ! figure at ,s ,s1 or simply    
sold]$ on4 ,! po9t ,c is ! end t is     
tap]$ (f1 & ! plat9um wire is fix$ at t 
po9t2 ! spr+ %\ld ext5d ab\t #a in*     
beyond ! armature at ! o!r end4 ,two    
holes are drill$ 9 ! spr+ at ! po9ts ,h 
,h1 ?r\gh :i* screws are pass$ into !   
support4 ,?is support may be ei!r a     
piece ( iron  in* long1  in* broad &    
in* ?ick1 or a piece ( wood w answ] v   
well1 & save drill+ holes 9 ! iron4 ,if 
x is wood x _h bett] be l>g]1 say  in*  
by  in* by #a in*4   ,,"p ,,iv4  ,we c  
n[ proce$ to fa/5 all ! p>ts toge!r4 ,we
 mu/ h a piece ( h>d wood = ! base1 ab\t
 #c in*es by #c in*es & #c_/h in* ?ick4 
,on ?is ! magnet has to be fa/5$ by its 
support be+ screw$ firmly d[n4 ,9 front 
( x ! armature has to be fa/5$ at su* a 
height z to be exactly 9 front ( ! poles

 ( ! magnet4 ,! relative positions ( !  
p>ts are %[n 9 ,fig4 #e1 s ,i d n ?9k a 
detail$ acc\nt ( _! exact positions on !
 base is at all necess>y4  ,!re is1     
h[ev]1 "o piece ( ! me*anism 9 ! figure 
to :i* ,i h introduc$ y1 ?is is !       
contact-screw %[n at ,c4 ,to make ?is we
 take a piece ( brass ab\t #a in* long1 
in* broad1 & r less ?an #a_/h in* ?ick1 
& b5d x at "r angles1 s t "o leg is "o  
in* long & ! o!r  in*4 ,n[ 9 ! "p t is  
in* h to be drill$ ?ree holes to fa/5 x 
) nails or screws to ! base4 ,! o!r "p1 
"o in* long1 w !n /& erect1 b be=e fa/5+
 x 9 its place we put x to /& 9 front ( 
! magnet & m>k a po9t :i* is exactly on 
a level ) ! piece ( plat9um foil on !   
spr+1 :5 ! spr+ & magnet are fix$ 9     
position4 ,a hole has n[ to be drill$   
?r\gh t po9t & tapp$ to admit a brass   
screw ) a mill$ head1 & fix ! piece 9   
:i* ! screw works to ! front hole1 s t !
 screw w "w ?r\gh x4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #e4--;,,int]ior ,,me*anism ,,(   
,,drum ,,complete4  ,! po9t ( ! screw   

has n[ to be cut (f & a v small piece ( 
plat9um wire fix$ at ! end4 ,?is wire w 
n[ come 9 contact ) ! plat9um foil on ! 
spr+1 :5 ! brass support is fix$ 9 a    
c]ta9 position on ! base1 & x is n[ to  
be fix$ 9 t position ) screws or nails4 
,x %\ld be s fix$ t :5 ! screw is turn$ 
till x is ne>ly out ( its hole ! wire is
 j out ( contact ) ! plat9um foil on !  
spr+4 ,x is n[ evid5t t by turn+ ! screw
 "o way y make ! spr+ vibrate m rapidly1
 & by turn+ x ! o!r way its ef=ts are   
relax$4  ,! contact-break] screw hav+   
be5 fix$ 9 its place1 & ! support ( !   
spr+ also fix$ z at ,t 9 ! diagram      
7,fig4 #e7--;by screws ?r\gh ! base into
 ! iron1 if x is made ( iron1 or by     
nails or screws ?r\gh x into ! base if (
 wood--all ! p>ts are n[ toge!r1 & all t
 rema9s to be done is to make ! necess>y
 connections4 ,"o wire t comes f !      
magnet is to be jo9$ 7sold]$1 if        
possible17 to ! spr+ at ,h 9 ! picture2 
! o!r wire is left loose4 ,to ! brass   
support ( ! contact screw we sold] ano!r

 piece ( wire4 ,n[ ?is piece ( wire is  
connect$ ) ! z9c ( ! batt]y & ! o!r     
7com+ f ! coil ( ! magnet7 ) ! c>bon ( !
 batt]y4 ,:at happ5s8  ,! electricity   
passes along ! wire ,x1 we w say1 & r\nd
 ! magnet coils1 ?us turn+ ! cores into 
magnets4 ,x !n goes d[n ! o!r wire to   
,h1 up ! brass spr+1 along ! screw1 &   
d[n by ! brass support to ! o!r wire1 by
 :i* x returns to ! batt]y4 ,t is to    
say1 x w\ld d all ?is if ! armature /ood
 /ill1 b1 ( c\rse1 :5 ! cores become    
magnets !y attract ! armature1 :i*      
in/antly moves t[>ds !m2 ?is breaks !   
circuit1 ! spr+ mov+ (f ! plat9um po9t (
 ! screw1 & ! armature spr+s back aga91 
:i* makes ! circuit complete & ! magnet 
attracts x aga91 & s on4 ,! object ( !  
spr+ is to get a good deal ( vibration1 
& x & ! screw %\ld be s adju/$ t al?\gh 
! armature is close en\gh to ! magnet to
 make x c]ta9 to g (f directly x is     
meant to d s1 yet !re may be z mu* scope
 = ! spr+ to "w ) ela/icity z possible4 
,we h n[ complet$ ! electrical "p ( !   

bus9ess1 b a slightly necess>y "p ( !   
app>atus has yet to be obta9$--viz41 !  
drum4 ,y c easily make a drum if y l1 by
 tak+ a broad piece ( t91 twi/+ x r\nd  
to =m a hoop1 & cov]+ ! ends ) p>*m5t   
/ra9$ tightly ov] !m4 ,h[ev]1 ,i %\ld   
c]ta9ly n d s1 = !re c h>dly be any     
spot1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 :i* boa/s ( a toy-%op
 at all1 :]e drums _c be procur$6 ,=    
tw5ty-five c5ts y c get a v sup]ior     
drum1 j ab\t ! "r size2 if y l to get a 
bigg] "o & make ! me*anical "p bigg]1 y 
w1 ( c\rse1 be rew>d$ by m noise4  ,n[1 
suppose y h got a #be-;c5t toy-drum1 y  
mu/ proce$ to take (f "o end4 ,if y look
 at ! con/ruction ( ! drum y w f9d 7at  
lea/ x is ! case ) my own1 & ,i h n se5 
any t are diff]5tly made7 t by cutt+ "o 
( ! d\ble /r+s t fa/5 ! wood hoops at ! 
top & bottom toge!r1 & !n loos5+ all !  
o!r /r+s ) y\r f+]s1 ! wood5 hoop at "o 
end w come "r (f1 if ! nails fa/5+ !    
ends toge!r are tak5 out1 & t !n ! inn] 
hoop on :i* ! p>*m5t is /ret*$ w also   
come (f & leave t side ( ! drum op54    

,n[1 ?is is simply gr& = our purpose1 = 
:5 we h arrang$ our little dodges inside
 ! drum1 we c put on all ! hoops aga91  
replace ! "o d\ble /r+1 & no "o w be an 
atom ! wis]4 ,if y c\ld get (f ! side   
)\t break+ any /r+s x w\ld save ! tr\ble
 ( replac+ any1 b ,i am afraid ?is is   
h>dly possible4 ,h[ev]1 (f comes ! side 
( our drum1 & :at is to be done next8   
,well1 ! beat] mu/ be put bodily inside 
! drum1 j s close to ! p>*m5t side t 0  
tak5 (f t ! wood5 head ( ! drum/ick     
t\*es x :5 attract$ by ! magnet4 ,y c   
easily f9d ! "r place 9 actual practice 
by sett+ ! beat] go+ & f9d+ ! spot      
inside ! drum :]e x kicks up ! wor/     
racket :5 work+4 ,x mu/ n be too close  
or x w h9d] ! vibration1 & we want !    
hamm] to g (f in/ant] :5 requir$4 ,!    
beat] is fix$ to ! side ( ! drum ) its  
side m>k$ ,z 9 ! figure 7#e7 d[nw>ds4 ,x
 is easily fa/5$ !re by mak+ two holes 9
 ! wood 79 ! ?ickness ( x71 & two       
correspond+ holes 9 ! metal side ( !    
drum1 & !n screw+ x d[n 9 its prop]     

place4  ,two holes are to be made 9 !   
side ( ! drum & two ornam5tal bits (    
silk-cov]$ flexible copp] conductor let 
?r\gh4 ,!y c be secur$ by simply ty+    
knots inside ! drum1 & ! copp] ends are 
n[ to be fa/5$1 "o to ! wire ,x & ! o!r 
to ! wire ,k f ! contact screw support4 
,hav+ done all ?is & made sure t ! beat]
 works :5 ! ends ( ! flexible cord      
outside ! drum are connect$ ) ! batt]y1 
we seal up our drum aga91 & t is !n     
conclud$4  ,n[ z to fix+ x up1 ,i ?9k ,i
 may fairly assume t y "k h[ to make x  
"w by an ord9>y batt]y & a press4 ,x is 
only necess>y to run a d\ble wire f     
batt]y to press & f press to drum1 "o   
wire ( ! d\ble conductor be+ fa/5$ to ! 
c>bon end ( ! batt]y & ! o!r to ! z9c   
end1 & ! o!r end ( "o wire to "o ( !    
wires com+ f ! drum4 ,! o!r wire com+ f 
! drum is !n jo9$ to ! bottom conductor 
( ! press1 & ! upp] conductor ( ! press 
is jo9$ to ! o!r wire ( ! d\ble         
conductor t goes to ! batt]y4 ,x is all 
v easy to und]/& if y foll[ ! c\rse ( ! 

curr5t & consid] t x has to pass ?r\gh !
 drum & ! press :5 ! latt] is pu%$ d[n1 
& be /opp$ :5 x is left to spr+ up aga94
  ,b ! m magical arrangem5t c be made ) 
! drum1 & ,i ?9k x is well wor? :ile to 
d x1 if m]ely = ! fun ( my/ify+ p4 ,!   
drum is go+ to be susp5d$ by ! flexible 
cords2 !re=e1 let !m be ! same l5g?1 &  
cutt+ (f all ! cov]+s at ! end ( ea*1   
fa/5 a brass eye to ! copp]1 twi/+ !    
wire well r\nd ! bottom ( ! eye4 ,n[ w9d
 silk ( ! same color z ! re/ all r\nd ! 
jo91 s t ! connection ( wire & eye is   
completely hidd51 & ! eye appe>s m]ely  
fa/5$ to ! flexible cord z a means (    
susp5d+ ! drum4 ,n[ we want to con/ruct 
a hook f :i* ! drum c be hung4   ,,"p   
,v4  ,take two small pieces ( brass wire
 ab\t an in* long1 & turn up ! ends (   
ea* into a hook4 ,n[ get a m9ute piece (
 ebonite ( ! same l5g?1 &1 putt+ "o hook
 on "o side & "o on ! o!r1 b9d ! :ole   
toge!r ) silk4 ,if y _c get ebonite     
easily y c use a small piece ( seal+-wax
 9 ! same way2 by heat+ ! wires y c s9k 

!m into ! wax & s make a neat] jo94 ,n[ 
! wires mu/ n t\* ea* o!r any:]e1 b mu/ 
be completely sep>at$ by ! ebonite or   
seal+-wax4 ,! d\ble wire f ! batt]y &   
press is n[ fa/5$1 "o wire to ! press   
hook on "o side1 & "o wire to t on ! o!r
 side ( ! seal+-wax or ebonite4 ,w9d    
silk ov] ! :ole to cov] ! jo9s1 & a neat
 d\ble hook is ! result4 ,! picture     
7,fig4 #f7 gives ! me?od ( mak+ ! hook1 
& x also gives a great deal m1 :i* ,i n[
 proce$ to expla94  ,suppos+ we c rig up
 a small beam ( wood f :i* to susp5d !  
drum1 we c make matt]s m my/]i\s /ill4  
,let ! d\ble wire1 be+ hidd5 by "s means
 or o!r all along its c\rse1 be conduct$
 on to ! end ( ! beam4 ,x c !n be tra9$ 
along ! top ( x until x comes to ! po9t 
f :i* ! drum is to hang4 ,"h !re mu/ be 
a hole drill$1 l>ge en\gh to admit !    
hook r tightly4 ,pull ! d\ble wire ?r\gh
 & fa/5 ! two wires to ! hooks z be=e   
describ$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#f4--;,,hook ,,f ,,:i* ,,to ,,susp5d ,,!
 ,,magic ,,drum4  ,n[ y c pull back !   

wire & fix ! hook firmly 9 ! hole1 hid+ 
! d\ble wire at ! top ( ! beam 7( c\rse 
if x is high up no "o w be able to see  
ov] ! top ( ! beam1 s y w be q safe72 ! 
hook be+ ?us fix$ w n attract any "o's  
notice1 & look q unsuspici\s4 ,! *ief   
glory ( ! d\ble hook ?us con/ruct$ is1 (
 c\rse1 t y c remove ! drum :5ev] y     
*oose1 = exam9ation1 & :5ev] y hang x up
 y h only to hit* "o eye ov] "o side ( !
 hook & ! o!r ov] ! o!r side1 & ! drum w
 "w4 ,p :o are n up 9 ! matt] _c        
conceive h[ ! electricity c get to !    
drum1 :5 x is simply hung by an         
7app>5tly7 ord9>y cord & ord9>y eyes to 
:at looks l an ord9>y hook atta*$ to a  
beam 9 a pla9 & /raight=w>d mann]4  ,y  
are n[ possess$ ( an electric trumpet & 
an electric drum1 :i* y c put "o at "o  
end ( ! room & ! o!r at ! o!r4 ,by runn+
 d\ble wires f batt]y & press to !      
trumpet1 & ano!r d\ble wire f batt]y &  
press to ! drum1 y c arrange matt]s s t 
:5 y put "o press d[n ! trumpet works1 &
 :5 ! o!r press is put d[n ! drum works4

 ,if y want to "w bo? toge!r y mu/ ei!r 
h a v p[]ful batt]y 7say #f or #g cells1
 ,no4 #b ,le*lan*e7 or two batt]ies1 "o 
= trumpet & "o = drum4 ,if y want to use
 "o batt]y = bo? y c make ei!r "w 7at   
diff]5t times7 f ! same batt]y &        
presses1 :]ev] !y may be1 by hav+ a     
two-way swit* 9 a d>k corn] ( ! wire4   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--,,me?od ,,(   
,,jo9+ ,,swit* ,,drum ,,& ,,trumpet ,,to
 ,,press ,,& ,,batt]y4  ,x is v confus+ 
bus9ess sett+ up ! wires s z to produce 
! "r effect1 :i* is to *ange ! curr5t f 
drum to trumpet & vice v]sa 9 a mom5t by
 m]ely alt]+ ! h&le ( ! swit*4 ,read]s  
:o are n accu/om$ to ! "w w f9d x mo/   
intricate1 & z ,i h done x myself sev]al
 times1 !y may z well h ! b5efit ( my   
tr\ble4 ,i !re=e give an illu/ration (  
h[ to connect up ! wires 7,fig4 #g71 &  
hope x w make matt]s cle> to !m4 ,an    
explanation ( ! picture is necess>y4    
,suppose fir/ ( all t ! swit* is at ,a  
,c1 !n ! curr5t w travel f ! "r-h& end (
 ! batt]y1 ,b1 up "o wire ( ! d\ble     

conductor to ! press1 ,p1 z %[n by ! l[]
 arr[1 ?r\gh ! press & along ! wire1 z  
%[n by ! top arr[1 to ! middle ( !      
swit*1 ,a1 d[n ! arm ( ! swit* to ,c1 up
 "o wire ( ! d\ble conductor to ! drum1 
& d[n by ! o!r wire to ! o!r end ( !    
batt]y4  ,n[ let ! h&le ( ! swit* be    
mov$ to ! o!r t]m9al1 z %[n by ! dott$  
l9es4 ,! curr5t w n[ g f ! "r-h& end ( !
 batt]y to press & c5t] ( swit* z be=e1 
x !n goes d[n ! arm ( ! swit* up to !   
trumpet by ! wire on ! left side1 & d[n 
to ! o!r end ( ! batt]y by ! wire on !  
"r side1 z %[n by ! arr[s4 ,!re=e :5 !  
arm ( ! swit* is at ,a ,c ! press w "w !
 drum2 :5 x is at ,a ,g ! press w "w !  
trumpet4  ,suppose we h no press1 b     
in/ead ( x we h only "o wire go+ /raight
 f ! "r-h& end ( ! batt]y to ! middle ( 
! swit*4 ,n[ let two inc&esc5t lamps be 
sub/itut$ = ! trumpet & drum4 ,:5 ! arm 
( ! swit* is at ,a ,c ! curr5t goes     
/raight up f ! "r-h& pole ( ! batt]y to 
! c5t] ( ! swit*1 along ! arm1 up to !  
lamp on ! left-h& side1 & d[n to ! o!r  

pole ( ! batt]y4 ,n[1 suppose ! arm ( ! 
swit* is mov$ to ,a ,g1 ! curr5t w g up 
z be=e to ! c5t] ( ! swit*1 d[n by !    
arm1 up ! wire to ! lamp on ! "r-h&     
side1 & back to ! batt]y by ! o!r wire4 
,9 ! fir/ case1 !re=e1 ! lamp at ,d     
lights up1 9 ! second case ! lamp at ,t 
lights up4 ,! wires f ,c to ,d & ,g to  
,t may be z long z y please1 y c !re=e  
control ! lamps :5 !y are f> ap>t or 9  
diff]5t p>ts ( ! h\se4 ,:5 ! arm ( !    
swit* is c5tral nei!r lamp lights up1   
or1 if y are fitt+ up ! trumpet & drum1 
! press w n "w ei!r :5 ! swit* is 9 ?is 
position4 ,?is is an advantage1 z :5 p  
get too inquisitive y c turn (f !       
curr5t1 & !n :atev] !y d !y w n make !  
trumpet or drum "w till y turn x on     
aga91 :i* y c d :5 y want !m to "w = y6 
,! con/ruction ( ! swit* is s simple t x
 is h>dly necess>y to expla9 ! me?od (  
jo9+ ! wires1 b ,i may say t "o is to be
 jo9$ to ! bottom ( ! brass pill> 9 !   
c5t] :i* supports ! brass arm4 ,! o!rs  
are jo9$ to ! "r & left t]m9als1 g5]ally

 by brass screws "u ! base1 b sometimes 
by screw t]m9als at ! upp] surface2 ?is 
dep5ds on ! make ( swit* :i* is pur*as$4
  ,+5i\s read]s c easily make a swit* = 
!mselves2 x only requires a brass arm   
atta*$ at "o end to a c5tral figure1 &  
long en\gh to t\* two screws1 or pieces 
( brass1 fix$ to ! base on opposite     
sides ( x1 :5 turn$ 9 _! direction4 ,!  
end ( ! arm n support$ by ! brass pill> 
is provid$ ) a small wood5 h&le to turn 
x by4  ,! swit* %\ld be arrang$ to      
occupy "s d>k corn] 9 :i* y c turn on   
drum or trumpet to "w f ! presses at w  
)\t any "o see+ y alt] x4  ,i w only add
 "o ?+ 9 conclusion1 & t is1 t y c h !  
d\ble wire f ! batt]y & c5t] ( swit* to 
! press at ! end z long z y l1 & x c    
turn ab\t beh9d furniture or "u ! c>pet 
z mu* z y l1 & x w /ill "w in/antly f ! 
end press4  ,n[1 by scrap+ ! wire clean 
at any int]m$iate po9t1 or z _m po9ts z 
y l1 & arrang+ a simple spr+ contact    
fa/5$ to ! wires )\t break+ !m s t !y c 
be made to t\* :5 requir$ & spr+ ap>t   

directly ! t\* is remov$ 7?is is easily 
done ) two spr+s consi/+ ( two /rips (  
%eet brass1 "o fa/5$ to "o wire & "o to 
! o!r1 sep>at$ by a piece ( wood except 
at ! end :5 press$ toge!r71 y c make !  
trumpet squeak or ! drum roll at any "p 
( ! room y l4 ,! spr+s c be hidd5 "u !  
c>pet s z to be absolutely undisc]nible 
except to ! initiat$4 ,! be/ places are 
"u furniture ) r long legs2 ! foot ( !  
op]ator c !n be plac$ on ! spr+s1 & s   
make !m meet & ! trumpet or drum s\nd   
)\t ! lea/ *ance ( detection4 ,! wires n
 be+ brok5 9 fix+ ! spr+s z describ$1 ^?
 spr+s :i* are clos] to ! batt]y1 9 no  
way int]f]e ) ^? :i* are fur!r (f1 z1 :5
 ^! are us$1 ! curr5t simply runs r\nd  
^? t int]v5e betwe5 !m & ! batt]y1 )\t  
be+ 9 any way h9d]$ 9 its c\rse1 & !    
press at ! end ( ! d\ble wire w1 !re=e1 
"w j z if no int]m$iate spr+s exi/$4    
,simple ,electrical ,exp]im5ts4         
,frictional electricity is pre-em95tly a
 w9t] amusem5t4 ,n t x is n equally     
possible to produce ! same result 9     

summ]1 b !n o!r occupations are =c$ ^u  
u1 :ile 9 ! long w9t] ev5+s1 ) a good   
fire to dry ! air ( ! sitt+-room1 !     
conditions are p>ticul>ly favorable to  
electrical ph5om5a4 ,if a h>d fro/ sets 
9 ! conditions w be /ill m favorable1 z 
?is dries ! air & ! gr\nd outside1 :ile 
on a wet ev5+ a l>ge fire & w>m] room w 
be ne$$ to produce z good results4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,,electric   
,,w9dmill ,,or ,,t\rniquet4  ,! foll[+  
exp]im5ts are giv5 z a means ( amusem5t 
to ^? :o "k little or no?+ ( electrical 
ph5om5a4 ,"s ( !m may be recogniz$ by "s
 read]s z be+ /&>d exp]im5ts1 o!rs may  
possess ! *>m ( novelty4 ,to _m1 h[ev]1 
! :ole s]ies w be new1 & x is hop$ t ^! 
w f9d a new s\rce ( int]e/ op5$ to !m1 &
 t !y may possibly be impell$ !reby to  
inve/igate fur!r conc]n+ ! causes ( :at 
!y see4 ,frictional electrical ma*9es c 
be pur*as$ f any electrical in/rum5t    
mak]s1 at a small price1 & ) ^!         
exp]im5ts m5tion$ are m readily p]=m$4  
,9 ?is article ,i only m5tion exp]im5ts 

t c be p]=m$ ) mat]ials to be f\nd 9 e  
h\se1 or ! necess>ies = :i* c be procur$
 f a %op = a nom9al sum4 ,friction      
betwe5 two sub/ances ( any sort probably
 always produces electricity2 b x c only
 be made visible "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 
,= in/ance1 if a /ick ( seal+-wax is    
w>m$ & rubb$ ) a piece ( flannel also   
w>m1 !y bo? become electrifi$4 ,?is may 
be prov$ by hold+ ! wax ne> an          
electromet]1 :i* is simply a bottle     
?r\gh ! cork ( :i* a wire is pass$ :i*  
has two pieces ( gold leaf fa/5$ to its 
extremity1 :5 ! leaves at once div]ge   
ow+ to ! repell+ =ce ( ! electricity4 ,!
 flannel is also electrifi$1 b !        
electricity soon escapes1 ?r\gh ! h& ( !
 op]ator to ! gr\nd4  ,we n[ proce$ to  
make a simple exp]im5t on ! production (
 electricity on a l>g] scale4 ,take a   
piece ( /\t br[n pap] & hold x 9 front (
 a hot fire till all ! moi/ure inh]5t 9 
x is expell$1 & ! pap] is dry & q hot4  
,n[ take x away sudd5ly1 & hold+ x aga9/
 ! side ( ! coat rub x briskly ) !      

sleeve by hold+ ! sleeve 9 ! h&4 ,take x
 away & hold x aga9/ ! wall ( ! room1 to
 :i* x w in/antly adh]e firmly1 ?is     
adh]5ce be+ caus$ by ! developm5t (     
electricity ov] ! surface ( ! br[n pap] 
by ! friction x has und]gone4 ,! pap] c 
be remov$ f ! wall1 & on hold+ x at a   
%ort di/ance w fly t[>ds x & adh]e aga94
 ,9 a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 ! electricity     
dep>ts1 & ! pap] falls to ! gr\nd4 ,if !
 h& is spread op5 ^u ! pap] z x /icks1 !
 electricity dep>ts at once & ! pap]    
falls4 ,a sp>k c be obta9$ f ! pap]1 b x
 is h>dly /rong en\gh to be visible4 ,9 
! next exp]im5t1 h[ev]1 x is pla9ly to  
be se54  ,take an ord9>y tea-tray &     
place x on ! top ( f\r glass tumbl]s1   
:i* mu/ h previ\sly be5 made q hot & dry
 at ! fire4 ,!y mu/ also be scrupul\sly 
clean1 z dirt is a good conductor (     
electricity4 ,n[ take a %eet ( foolscap 
pap]1 & heat x /rongly at ! fire until  
p]fectly dry1 z ! br[n pap] 04 ,place x 
:ile hot flat on ! table & rub x f side 
to side1 f ! top to ! bottom1 ) a piece 

( ?ick india-rubb]4 ,x w n[ adh]e firmly
 to ! table on acc\nt ( ! electricity   
develop$4 ,take hold ( two corn]s1 pull 
x up1 & quickly place x on ! tray4 ,on  
approa*+ ! knuckle ( y\r clos$ h& to !  
edge ( ! tray y w n[ obta9 a brilliant  
sp>k1 :i*1 if ! room is d>k1 w appe>    
vivid4 ,on remov+ ! pap] f ! tray1 &    
aga9 approa*+ ! knuckle1 ano!r sp>k w   
pass1 b n s bright z ! =m]4 ,! exp]im5t 
c be repeat$ z (t5 z wi%$ by heat+ &    
rubb+ ! pap] aga94  ,n[ take f\r m      
tumbl]s1 heat !m z be=e1 & place !m on !
 floor ) a bo>d on ! top ( !m4 ,let     
someone /& on ?is bo>d1 tak+ c>e t he is
 completely sep>at$ f all surr\nd+      
objects ( furniture1 etc41 & t 8 clo!s d
 n t\* ! table :ile ! exp]im5t is p]=m$4
 ,let him place 8 h& on ! tray :ile !   
pap] is heat$1 rubb$1 & plac$ !reon4    
,he w !n become *>g$ ) electricity1 & if
 he approa*es 8 h& to any "o else's a   
sp>k w pass betwe5 !m4 7,?is %\ld n be  
done ) susceptible p>ts ( ! body1 ! eyes
 = example1 z x w\ld be r pa9ful47 ,let 

"s "o be provid$ ) a spoon 9 :i* a      
little me?ylat$ _s is heat$2 if ! *>g$  
p]son holds 8 knuckle to ?is _s x w     
in/antly be ignit$4 ,small pieces (     
pap]--comic pap] figures1 etc4--w dance 
up & d[n briskly if he holds 8 h&       
outspread ov] !m :ile ly+ on ! table4 ,!
 same ?+ w happ5 if ! pieces ( pap] are 
plac$ betwe5 ! tray & ! table :5 ! =m]  
is *>g$ by ! hot pap]1 or if ! br[n pap]
 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t is held above !m :5  
excit$4  ,n[ take a ne$le & place x on !
 tray1 its po9t project+ ov] ! edge4 ,if
 ! room is n[ d>k5$1 on plac+ ! excit$  
pap] on ! tray1 ! po9t ( ! ne$le w be   
se5 to gl[ brilliantly = "s seconds4    
,?is is caus$ by ! electricity escap+   
into ! air f ! po9t ( ! ne$le1 & is kn[n
 z ! bru% dis*>ge4 ,! tray w consequ5tly
 spe$ily lose its electricity4 ,x w be  
f\nd to be impossible to get a sp>k f ! 
tray z long z ! ne$le is on x1 z !      
electricity va/ly pref]s to escape by ! 
po9t4 ,! escape ( ! electricity may be  
r5d]$ /ill m evid5t by means ( ! foll[+ 

piece ( app>atus4  ,take two pieces ( ?9
 wire ab\t two in*es long1 & b5d ea* at 
"r angles ab\t an eigh? ( an in* f ea*  
end1 bo? ! b5t portions be+ 9 ! same    
direction4 ,^! two pieces ( wire are n[ 
to be jo9$ toge!r at ! middle at "r     
angles by means ( a piece ( f9] wire    
twi/$ ar\nd !m4 ,?is f9] wire c1 ) a    
little c>e1 be caus$ to =m a small cap1 
9 :i* ! po9t ( a ne$le is ins]t$1 !     
ne$le act+ z a pivot1 s t ! b5t wires   
turn freely on top ( x 7,fig4 #a74 ,!   
ne$le is support$ by ?ru/+ x into a l>ge
 cork to act z a /&4  ,a f9e wire is !n 
twi/$ sev]al times ar\nd ! bottom ( !   
ne$le1 & ! :ole app>atus is !n plac$ on 
! tray1 ! end ( ! wire atta*$ to ! ne$le
 be+ c>efully arrang$ s z to t\* ! tray1
 a metallic connection ) ! tray be+     
ess5tial to success4 ,if ! ne$le c be   
sold]$ to a metal /&1 or ! cork cov]$ ) 
t9foil1 ! wire is n ne$$4 ,on rubb+ !   
pap] & plac+ x on ! tray1 ! electricity 
passes up ! wire into ! ne$le1 !nce into
 ! wire cross1 & escapes by ! b5t       

portions ( ! wires1 ea* ( :i* %\ld be   
fil$ to a po9t4 ,9 escap+ x electrifies 
! surr\nd+ air1 & ?is1 accord+ to ! law 
t l electricities repel ea* o!r1 has a  
react+ =ce on ! wire arms4 ,accord+ly ! 
w9dmill beg9s to turn1 & may atta9 a    
tol]able rate ( spe$ if ! tray is       
/rongly *>g$4  ,ano!r amus+ exp]im5t is 
t kn[n z ! electrical head ( hair4 ,!   
head ( a wood5 doll is tak51 & ei!r     
provid$ ) a real head ( hair1 :i* mu/ be
 comb$ out /raight1 or a quantity (     
cotton is fa/5$ to x to resemble hair4  
,if ! head is fa/5$ to a metal /&1 &    
plac$ on ! tray :5 ! excit$ pap] is laid
 ^u x1 ! hairs become *>g$1 &           
consequ5tly repel ea* o!r1 caus+ ! :ole 
head ( hair to /& erect1 ea* hair       
sep>ate f ! re/1 ?us pres5t+ a mo/      
rem>kable appe>ance4 ,= ! same reason1  
if a heap ( small pieces ( pap]1 fea!rs1
 etc41 is laid on ! tray1 on plac+ ^u x 
! electrifi$ pap] !y w jump (f 9 all    
directions1 ea* be+ repell$ by ! o!rs1 9
 ! same way z ! gold leaves ( !         

electroscope 7 repell$ 9 ! fir/         
exp]im5t4 ,if two pieces ( pi? are      
susp5d$ by silk ?reads to a support1 s z
 to hang close to ea* o!r1 on br++ ne>  
!m ! electrifi$ wax or tray !y w be *>g$
 & w repel ea* o!r = "s "t4 ,if :5 *>g$ 
by ! wax a heat$ glass rod rubb$ ) silk 
is br\ght ne> to !m1 !y w fly to x1     
in/ead ( retreat+4 ,?is seems to        
indicate a diff]5ce betwe5 !            
electricities ( ! wax & ! glass1 ! =m] (
 :i* has !re=e be5 call$ negative1 & !  
latt] positive4  ,= giv+ /rong] %ocks   
?an ! tray is capable (1 we may h       
rec\rse to ! app>atus kn[n z ! ,leyd5   
j>1 :i* may be easily *>g$ by means ( ! 
tray & excit$ pap]4 ,a ,leyd5 j> is ?us 
easily & *eaply con/ruct$3 ,take an     
ord9>y wide-m\!d pickle bottle & a cork 
to fit x4 ,cov] ! outside ) t9foil1 :i* 
c be fa/5$ on ) gum1 & %\ld be laid on z
 smoo?ly & z free f creases z possible4 
,t9foil c be procur$ f any *emi/4 ,!    
outside be+ f9i%$1 ! inside has to be   
cov]$ also1 :i* is a "w ( great]        

difficulty4 ,x c be/ be p]=m$ by cutt+  
ano!r piece n q s l>ge z t on ! outside 
( ! bottle b ( ! same %ape1 & pass+ into
 ! bottle )\t creas+ x m ?an c be help$1
 x c be arrang$ inside ! bottle s z to  
fit smoo?ly all r\nd4 ,n[ a piece (     
brass wire is to be pass$ ?r\gh ! cork1 
at ! end ( :i* is a brass knob1 or if   
simply b5t r\nd x w "w1 ?\gh ! knob is  
neat]4 ,at ! end ( ! wire :i* is inside 
! bottle a brass *a9 is fa/5$ s z to t\*
 ! t9foil inside ! bottle :5 ! cork is  
ins]t$4 ,! t9foil inside & outside !    
bottle mu/ only rea* to ! bottom ( !    
neck1 leav+ a space betwe5 x & ! cork4  
,! ,leyd5 j> is n[ complete1 & mu/ be   
?or\ghly w>m$ be=e *>g+ x4 ,:5 q hot x c
 be *>g$ by br++ ! knob 7! j> be+ held  
by ! out] coat+ ( t9foil7 ne> ! tray1 :5
 ! excit$ pap] is laid ^u x4 ,a sp>k w  
pass betwe5 ! tray & ! knob1 & ?is mu/  
be repeat$ sev]al times 7say tw5ty = a  
fir/ exp]im5t71 ! j> be+ *>g$ m fully ! 
m sp>ks are put into x4 ,any "o n[ tak+ 
! j> 9 "o h& by ! out] coat+ & plac+ a  

f+] ( ! o!r h& ne> ! knob w receive a   
%ock1 ! sev]ity ( :i* dep5ds on ! numb] 
( sp>ks put into ! j>4 ,sev]al p c take 
! %ock by jo9+ h&s1 ! outside "o on "o  
side hold+ ! j>1 & ! outside "o on ! o!r
 side t\*+ ! knob4 ,^? 9 ! middle w n   
feel ! %ock q s /rongly z ^? on !       
outside4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4          
#b4--;,,bells ,,*im$ ,,by ,a ,,leyd5    
,,j>4  ,?is is an example ( ! quick     
dis*>ge ( a ,leyd5 j>4 ,x c1 h[ev]1 also
 be dis*>g$ sl[ly1 & ! foll[+ exp]im5t  
makes use ( ?is faculty4 ,take ?ree     
small bells1 :i* c be procur$ at any toy
 %op1 & remove ! clapp]s4 ,n[ susp5d two
 ( !m by wires at opposite ends ( a     
piece ( metal or /\t wire ab\t ?ree     
in*es long1 & susp5d ?is wire 9 ! c5t]  
by a b5t wire 7or wood51 if cov]$ )     
t9foil7 support1 :i* is fix$ to a ?ick  
piece ( bo>d1 cov]$ ) t9foil1 to act z a
 base4  ,! t9foil mu/ be 9 communication
 ) ! support+ wire1 & ! height ( ! bells
 mu/ be s adju/$ t :5 ! ,leyd5 j> is    
plac$ betwe5 !m ) ! ?ird bell support$  

on ! knob 7! support ( ! clapp] w h to  
be remov$ f ! bell = ?is purpose71 all  
?ree bells w be ( equal heights & ab\t  
half an in* di/ant f ea* o!r4 7,!       
diagram ,fig4 #b w expla9 ! arrangem5t47
 ,n[ susp5d two small brass buttons by  
silk ?reads s z to hang betwe5 ! bells  
:5 ! ,leyd5 j> is plac$ 9 ! c5t]4 ,*>ge 
! j> ) ! tray & replace x 9 position 7( 
c\rse ) ! bell on ! top72 ! buttons w !n
 beg9 to move backw>ds & =w>ds betwe5 ! 
bells1 & ! latt] w keep up a vigor\s    
*im+ until ! electricity ( ! j> is      
exhau/$4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t x is ess5tial t
 ! supports be ( metal1 or wood cov]$ ) 
t9foil1 z ! electricity passes f !      
inside ( ! j> to ! outside :ile x is /&+
 ^u ! t9foil1 by means ( ! balls1 & ?us 
causes !m to vibrate4  ,a c&le :i* has j
 be5 bl[n out1 leav+ ! wick gl[+1 c     
easily be light$ by means ( ! *>g$      
,leyd5 j> if a piece ( b5t wire is held 
t\*+ ! out] coat+ & ! o!r end on "o side
 ( ! wick :ile ! knob is approa*$ to !  
o!r1 s t ! sp>k passes ?r\gh ! gl[+     

wick4 ,9 ! same way spirits ( w9e c be  
light$1 & gunp[d]1 guncotton1 etc41     
explod$4 ,to d ?is1 x is be/ to h two   
pieces ( b5t wire provid$ ) h&les (     
glass at ! middle4 ,^! wires are held by
 ! h&les1 "o 9 contact ) ! out] coat+1 &
 ! o!r ) ! inn] coat+1 ( ! *>g$ ,leyd5  
j>4 ,on approa*+ ! o!r two ends ( !     
wires a sp>k passes betwe5 !m1 & if a   
small quantity ( gunp[d] is plac$ on a  
table & ! sp>k is made to pass ?r\gh x  
by approa*+ ! wire to ei!r side x w be  
fir$4  ,!re are _m o!r exp]im5ts :i* c  
be p]=m$ by ! help ( ! simple app>atus  
describ$1 b x w\ld take up too mu* space
 to describe !m4  ,illu/ration3 ,,!     
,,end4     ,,! ,,l>ge/ ,,& ,,be/        
,,libr>y4  ,,pluck ,,& ,,luck4  ,color$ 
,cov]s4 #cb ,pages4 ,all ,k9ds ( ,good  
,/ories4 ,price #e ,c5ts4 ,issu$        
,weekly4 ,read ,li/ ,bel[4   ,no4    #a 
,dick ,deck]1 ! ,brave ,"y ,fireman     
by ,ex ,fire ,*ief ,w>d5    #b ,! ,two  
,boy ,brok]s2 or1 ,f ,mess5g] ,boys to  
,millionaires                           

by a ,retir$ ,bank]    #c ,little ,l\1 !
 ,pride ( ! ,cont95tal ,army4 ,a ,/ory (
 !       ,am]ican ,revolution           
by ,g5]al ,jas4 ,a4 ,gordon    #d       
,railroad ,ralph1 ! ,boy ,eng9e]        
by ,jas4 ,c4 ,m]ritt    #e ,! ,boy      
,pilot ( ,lake ,mi*igan              by 
,capt4 ,?os4 ,h4 ,wilson    #f ,joe     
,wiley1 ! ,"y ,temp]ance ,lectur]       
by ,jno4 ,b ,d[d    #g ,! ,little ,swamp
 ,fox4 ,a ,tale ( ,g5]al ,m>ion & ,8 ,m5
                                        
by ,g5]al ,jas4 ,a4 ,gordon    #h ,"y   
,grizzly ,adams1 ! ,wild ,bea/ ,tam]4 ,a
 ,true ,/ory ( ,circus       ,life      
by ,hal ,/&i%    #i ,nor? ,pole ,nat2   
or1 ,! ,secret ( ! ,froz5 ,deep         
by ,capt4 ,?os4 ,h4 ,wilson   #aj       
,little ,dead%ot1 ! ,pride ( ! ,trapp]s 
by ,an ,old ,sc\t   #aa ,lib]ty ,hose2  
or1 ,! ,pride ( ,plattsville   by ,ex   
,fire ,*ief ,w>d5   #ab ,eng9e] ,/eve1 !
 ,pr9ce ( ! ,rail            by ,jas4   
,c4 ,m]ritt   #ac ,:i/l+ ,walt !        
,*ampion ,spy4 ,a ,/ory ( ! ,am]ican    

,revolution                             
by ,g5]al ,jas4 ,a4 ,gordon   #ad ,lo/ 9
 ! ,air2 or1 ,ov] ,l& & ,sea            
by ,allyn ,drap]   #ae ,! ,little       
,demon2 or1 ,plott+ ,aga9/ ! ,cz>     by
 ,h[>d ,au/9   #af ,fr$ ,f>rell1 !      
,b>keep]'s ,son                    by   
,jno4 ,b4 ,d[d   #ag ,slipp]y ,/eve1 !  
,cunn+ ,spy ( ! ,revolution             
by ,g5]al ,jas4 ,a4 ,gordon   #ah ,fr$  
,flame1 ! ,h]o ( ,grey/one ,no4 #a      
by ,ex ,fire ,*ief ,w>d5   #ai ,h>ry    
,d>e2 or1 ,a ,new ,york ,boy 9 ! ,navy  
by ,col4 ,ralph ,f5ton   #bj ,jack      
,quick1 ! ,boy ,eng9e]                  
by ,jas4 ,c4 ,m]ritt   #ba ,d\blequick1 
! ,k+ ,h>poon]2 or1 ,! ,wond] ( ! ,:al]s
                                        
by ,capt4 ,?os4 ,h4 ,wilson   #bb       
,rattl+ ,rube1 ! ,jolly ,sc\t & ,spy4 ,a
 ,/ory ( ! ,revolution                  
by ,g5]al ,jas4 ,a4 ,gordon   #bc ,9 !  
,cz>'s ,s]vice2 or ,dick ,%]man 9       
,russia    by ,h[>d ,au/9   #bd ,b5 o' !
 ,b[l2 or ,! ,road to ,ru9              

by ,jno4 ,b4 ,d[d   #be ,kit ,c>son1 !  
,k+ ( ,sc\ts                       by an
 ,old ,sc\t   #bf ,! ,s*ool ,boy        
,explor]s1 or ,among ! ,ru9s ( ,yucatan 
by ,h[>d ,au/9   #bg ,! ,wide ,awakes2  
or1 ,burke ,halliday1 ! ,pride ( !      
,volunte]s                              
by ,ex ,fire ,*ief ,w>d5   #bh ,! ,froz5
 ,deep2 or1 ,two ,ye>s 9 ! ,ice   by    
,capt4 ,?os4 ,h4 ,wilson   #bi ,! ,swamp
 ,rats2 or1 ,! ,boys ,:o ,f\ght =       
,wa%+ton                                
by ,g54 ,jas4 ,a4 ,gordon   #cj ,ar\nd !
 ,_w on ,*eek                           
by ,h[>d ,au/9   #ca ,bu%:ack] ,b52 or1 
,! ,union ,boys ( ,t5nessee             
by ,col4 ,ralph ,f5ton  ,= sale by all  
newsdeal]s1 or s5t to any address on    
receipt ( price1 #e c5ts p] copy--#f    
copies = #be c5ts4 ,address             
,,frank ,,t\sey1 ,publi%]1     ,secret  
,s]vice4  ,old & ,"y ,k+ ,brady1        
,detectives4  #cb ,pages ( ,great       
,detective ,/ories4  ,h&somely ,decorat$
 ,cov]s4  ,issu$ ,weekly4 ,price #e     

,c5ts4   ,conta9+ ,/ories ( ,old ,k+    
,brady1 ! ,great ,detective1 assi/$ by  
,"y ,k+ ,brady1 8 fai?ful "y pupil4     
,embrac+ ! mo/ d>+ adv5tures1 />tl+     
sc5es & hairbread? escapes ev] publi%$4 
,,read ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,li/4   #a4 ,!     
,black ,b&2 or1 ,! ,two ,k+ ,bradys     
,aga9/ a ,h>d ,gang4  #b4 ,told by !    
,tick]2 or1 ,! ,two ,k+ ,bradys on a    
,wall ,/reet ,case4  #c4 ,! ,bradys     
,aft] a ,million2 or1 ,_! ,*ase to ,save
 an ,heiress4  #d4 ,! ,bradys' ,great   
,bluff2 or1 ,a ,bunco ,game t ,fail$ to 
,"w4  #e4 ,9 & ,out2 or1 ,! ,two ,k+    
,bradys on a ,lively ,*ase4  ,= sale by 
all newsdeal]s or s5t po/paid on receipt
 ( price1 #e c5ts p] copy1 by           
,,frank ,,t\sey1 ,publi%]1              
,new ,york4     ,,our #aj ,,c5t ,,h&    
,,books4  ,,useful1 ,,in/ructive ,,&    
,,amus+4   ,conta9+ valuable in=mation  
on almo/ e subject1 su* z ,writ+1       
,speak+1 ,danc+1 ,cook+2 also1 ,rules ( 
,etiquette1 ,! ,art ( ,v5triloquism1    
,gymna/ic ,ex]cises1 & ,! ,sci5ce (     

,self-,def5se1 etc41 etc4    #a         
,,napoleon',s ,,oraculum ,,& ,,dream    
,,book4   #b ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,tricks4    
#c ,,h[ ,,to ,,flirt4   #d ,,h[ ,,to    
,,dance4   #e ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,love4  
#f ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,,an ,,a?lete4    
#g ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,birds4   #h ,,h[  
,,to ,,become ,a ,,sci5ti/4   #i ,,h[   
,,to ,,become ,a ,,v5triloqui/4  #aj    
,,h[ ,,to ,,box4  #aa ,,h[ ,,to ,,write 
,,love ,,lett]s4  #ab ,,h[ ,,to ,,write 
,,lett]s ,,to ,,ladies4  #ac ,,h[ ,,to  
,,d ,,x2 ,,or1 ,,book ,,( ,,etiquette4  
#ad ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,c&y4  #ae ,,h[   
,,to ,,become ,,ri*4  #af ,,h[ ,,to     
,,keep ,a ,,w9d[ ,,g>d54  #ag ,,h[ ,,to 
,,dress4  #ah ,,h[ ,,to ,,become        
,,beautiful4  #ai ,,frank ,,t\sey',s ,u4
 ,s4 ,,di/ance ,,tables1 ,,pocket       
,,companion ,,& ,,guide4  #bj ,,h[ ,,to 
,,ent]ta9 ,,an ,,ev5+ ,,p>ty4  #ba ,,h[ 
,,to ,,hunt ,,& ,,fi%4  #bb ,,h[ ,,to   
,,d ,,second ,,sight4  #bc ,,h[ ,,to    
,,expla9 ,,dreams4  #bd ,,h[ ,,to       
,,write ,,lett]s ,,to ,,g5tlem54  #be   

,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a ,,gymna/4  #bf    
,,h[ ,,to ,,r[1 ,,sail ,,& ,,build ,a   
,,boat4  #bg ,,h[ ,,to ,,recite ,,&     
,,book ,,( ,,recitations4  #bh ,,h[ ,,to
 ,,tell ,,=tunes4  #bi ,,h[ ,,to        
,,become ,,an ,,inv5tor4  #cj ,,h[ ,,to 
,,cook4  #ca ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a      
,,speak]4  #cb ,,h[ ,,to ,,ride ,a      
,,bicycle4  #cc ,,h[ ,,to ,,behave4  #cd
 ,,h[ ,,to ,,f5ce4  #ce ,,h[ ,,to ,,play
 ,,games4  #cf ,,h[ ,,to ,,solve        
,,conundrums4  #cg ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep     
,,h\se4  #ch ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,,y\r   
,,own ,,doctor4  #ci ,,h[ ,,to ,,raise  
,,dogs1 ,,p\ltry1 ,,pigeons ,,&         
,,rabbits4  #dj ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,&    
,,set ,,traps4  #da ,,! ,,boys ,,( ,,new
 ,,york ,,end ,,m5',s ,,joke ,,book4    
#db ,,! ,,boys ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,/ump  
,,speak]4  #dc ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a    
,,magician4  #dd ,,h[ ,,to ,,write ,,9  
,,an ,,album4  #de ,,! ,,boys ,,( ,,new 
,,york ,,m9/rel ,,guide ,,& ,,joke      
,,book4  #df ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,& ,,use 
,,electricity4  #dg ,,h[ ,,to ,,break1  

,,ride ,,& ,,drive ,a ,,horse4  #dh ,,h[
 ,,to ,,build ,,& ,,sail ,,canoes4  #di 
,,h[ ,,to ,,debate4  #ej ,,h[ ,,to      
,,/uff ,,birds ,,& ,,animals4  #ea ,,h[ 
,,to ,,d ,,tricks ,,) ,,c>ds4  #eb ,,h[ 
,,to ,,play ,,c>ds4  #ec ,,h[ ,,to      
,,write ,,lett]s4  #ed ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep 
,,& ,,manage ,,pets4  #ee ,,h[ ,,to     
,,collect ,,/amps ,,& ,,co9s4  #ef ,,h[ 
,,to ,,become ,,an ,,eng9e]4  #eg ,,h[  
,,to ,,make ,,musical ,,in/rum5ts4  #eh 
,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a ,,detective4  #ei 
,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,magic ,,lant]n4   
#fj ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a ,,photograph]4
  #fa ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a ,,b[l]4  #fb
 ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a ,,we/ ,,po9t     
,,milit>y ,,cadet4  #fc ,,h[ ,,to       
,,become ,a ,,naval ,,cadet4  #fd ,,h[  
,,to ,,make ,,electrical ,,ma*9es4  #fe 
,,muldoon',s ,,jokes4  #ff ,,h[ ,,to ,,d
 ,,puzzles4  #fg ,,h[ ,,to ,,d          
,,electrical ,,tricks4  #fh ,,h[ ,,to   
,,d ,,*emical ,,tricks4  #fi ,,h[ ,,to  
,,d ,,sleight ,,( ,,h&4  #gj ,,h[ ,,to  
,,make ,,magic ,,toys4  #ga ,,h[ ,,to   

,,d ,,me*anical ,,tricks4  #gb ,,h[ ,,to
 ,,d ,,sixty ,,tricks ,,) ,,c>ds4  #gc  
,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,tricks ,,) ,,numb]s4    
#gd ,,h[ ,,to ,,write ,,lett]s          
,,correctly4  #ge ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a 
,,conjur]4  #gf ,,h[ ,,to ,,tell        
,,=tunes ,,by ,,! ,,h&4  #gg ,,h[ ,,to  
,,d ,,=ty ,,tricks ,,) ,,c>ds4  #gh ,,h[
 ,,to ,,d ,,! ,,black ,,art4  #gi ,,h[  
,,to ,,become ,,an ,,actor4  ,all !     
above books are = sale by newsdeal]s    
?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 or !y
 w be s5t1 po/-paid1 to y\r address1 on 
receipt ( #aj;c4 ea*4  ,s5d ,y\r ,"n &  
,address = ,our ,late/ ,illu/rat$       
,catalogue4                             
,,frank ,,t\sey1 ,publi%]1              
#bd ,,union ,,squ>e1      ,,new ,,york4 
99      99      99      99      99      
99     ,transcrib]'s note3      ,e ef=t 
has be5 made to replicate ?is text z    
fai?fully z     possible4 ,"s *anges h  
be5 made4 ,!y are li/$ at ! end (     ! 
text4      ,9 ! orig9al book fractions  
#a 7 pr9t$ 9 ! =m #a #c-h4     ,?is has 

be5 *ang$ to ! =m #a-c_/h4 ,f\r?s &     
halves are     repres5t$ z #a etc4      
,9 ! *apt] ,h[ to ,make an ,induction   
,coil1 a section head+     ,,"p ,i4 0   
remov$ z !re is no ,,"p ,,ii4      ,!   
foll[+ is a li/ ( *anges made to !      
orig9al4     ,! fir/ l9e is ! orig9al   
l9e1 ! second ! correct$ "o4      ,page 
#aa3      ,x ?is c be done ov] night1   
,if ?is c be done ov] night1      & !   
coil left to get cold z ! ! fire goes   
out1     & ! coil left to get cold z !  
fire goes out1      ,page #ab3      s z 
to leave ab\t  ( an in* ( ! core        
projectiug f x1     s z to leave ab\t  (
 an in* ( ! core project+ f x1          
,page #ad3      unless y are skill$ 9 ! 
use ( ! soldi]+ bit4     unless y are   
skill$ 9 ! use ( ! sold]+ bit4          
,page #ae3      tw5ty-five c5ts1        
plant9um be+ a v exp5sive sub/ance4     
tw5ty-five c5ts1 plat9um be+ a v        
exp5sive sub/ance4      ! /rip ( brass  
support+ ! /rew be+ connect$ by a wire  
! /rip ( brass support+ ! screw be+     

connect$ by a wire      ,page #af3      
bel[ ^! places n>r[ /rips ( wood to keep
 !m ap>t     bel[ ^! place n>r[ /rips ( 
wood to keep !m ap>t      ,page #ag3    
is fill$ ) suturat$ solution ( sulphate 
( copp]     is fill$ ) saturat$ solution
 ( sulphate ( copp]      ,page #ah3     
%ock to any "o :o holds two h&les fix$  
to 8 t]m9als4     %ock to any "o :o     
holds two h&les fix$ to its t]m9als4    
,page #ai3      deal #e in*es long ay #c
 in*es broad by #g_/h in* ?ick4     deal
 #e in*es long by #c in*es broad by     
#g_/h in* ?ick4      ,page #bc3      by 
fill+ f\r small not*es 9 ! s(t iron ( ! 
armuatre     by fil+ f\r small not*es 9 
! s(t iron ( ! armature      ,page #bd3 
,to d ?is we %all wants two supports = !
 axle4 ,^!     ,to d ?is we %all want   
two supports = ! axle4 ,^!      ,page   
#bh3      ! base & lo9$ to ! "u "p ( ^! 
b9d+-screws4     ! base & jo9$ to ! "u  
"p ( ^! b9d+-screws4      ,page #cc3    
= ! curr5t to get r\nd ! magnet 9       
sufficic5t quantity     = ! curr5t to   

get r\nd ! magnet 9 suffici5t quantity  
,page #cd3      ,^! are all made %e same
 size1 & consequ5tly x is unnecess>y    
,^! are all made ! same size1 &         
consequ5tly x is unnecess>y      ,page  
#cf3      ,! foll[+ is z good away (    
arrang+ x z any3     ,! foll[+ is z good
 a way ( arrang+ x z any3      ,page    
#db3      to ! un9itat$ fri5d to :om y  
are display+ ! doll1     to ! un9itiat$ 
fri5d to :om y are display+ ! doll1     
,9 front ( ! conopy y c pa9t a monogram 
or h]aldic device4     ,9 front ( !     
canopy y c pa9t a monogram or h]aldic   
device4      :at our gr&mo!rs w\ld h    
?\gh ( !m 9 _! "y days     :at our      
gr&mo!rs w\ld h ?\ght ( !m 9 _! "y days 
,page #dd3      ,c1 ,bras support =     
magnet4     ,c1 ,brass support = magnet4
      & "h comes 9 ! especal advantages 
( hav+ screws     & "h comes 9 !        
especial advantages ( hav+ screws       
,page #df3      tak+ ! wire :5 jo9$ z   
"o1-x mu/ be s w\nd     tak+ ! wire :5  
jo9$ z "o1 x mu/ be s w\nd      ,page   

#dg3      is pull$ tightly & left 9 a   
loop1 :i* w\ld look untidy4     is pull$
 tightly & n left 9 a loop1 :i* w\ld    
look untidy4      ,page #ea3      y w1 (
 c\rse1 be rew]d$ by m noise4     y w1 (
 c\rse1 be rew>d$ by m noise4      ,page
 #eb3      ,n[ we want to con/ruct a    
hook ro :i* ! drum c be hung4     ,n[ we
 want to con/ruct a hook f :i* ! drum c 
be hung4      ,page #ee3      ,suppose  
we h no press4 b in/ead ( x we h only "o
 wire     ,suppose we h no press1 b     
in/ead ( x we h only "o wire      ,:5 ! 
arm ( ! swit* is at ,a ,c ! currr5t goes
 /raight up     ,:5 ! arm ( ! swit* is  
at ,a ,c ! curr5t goes /raight up       
,page #eh3      ?is adh]5ce pe+ caus$ by
 ! developm5t ( electricity     ?is     
adh]5ce be+ caus$ by ! developm5t (     
electricity      ,?is %\ld n be done )  
suspectible p>ts ( ! body1     ,?is %\ld
 n be done ) susceptible p>ts ( ! body1 
,page #ei3      ,x w we f\nd to be      
impossible to get a sp>k f ! tray     ,x
 w be f\nd to be impossible to get a    

sp>k f ! tray      b5d ea* at "r angles 
ab\t an eight ( an in* f ea* end1       
b5d ea* at "r angles ab\t an eigh? ( an 
in* f ea* end1      ,page #fb3      w !n
 beg9 to move backw>ds & =w>ds betwe5s !
 bells1     w !n beg9 to move backw>ds &
 =w>ds betwe5 ! bells1      ! t9foil1 by
 means ( ! balls1 & ?us causes !m to    
vibrate4     ! t9foil1 by means ( !     
bells1 & ?us causes !m to vibrate4