,transcriber's ,note3 ,this book was written in a time in which we didn't know what we know now4 ,for example1 we now know foxglove to be very poisonous and would not suggest children use the blossoms for fairy caps4 ,please use caution if attempting any of these crafts4 ,and don't play with foxglove4 ,as to this text version1 italic text is surrounded by underscores and bold text by equal signs4 ,mother ,nature's ,toy-,shop ,by ,,lina ,,beard ,,and ,,adelia ,b4 ,,beard ,with ,many ,illustrations by the ,authors ,charles ,scribner's ,sons ,new ,york ,chicago ,boston ,,copyright1 #aiah1 ,,by ,,charles ,,scribner',s ,,sons ,,special ,,notice ,all the material in this book1 both text and cuts1 is original with the authors and invented by them2 and warning is hereby given that the unauthorized printing of any portion of the text and the reproduction of any of the illustrations or diagrams are expressly forbidden4 ,,presentation ,,mother ,,nature is every bit as fond of the little folks in her human family as of the grown-ups1 and while she prepares untold joys for lovers of the outdoors among men and women and larger boys and girls1 she never forgets the little ones4 ,for their benefit she keeps an open toy-shop full of marvellous playthings1 all free to any child who wants them1 and instead of the children paying her for what they take she pays them for coming to her by giving them rosier cheeks1 brighter eyes1 and stronger bodies4 ,she puts more glee into their laughter and greater happiness into their trustful little hearts4 ,as in the large department stores in big cities1 the goods in ,mother ,nature's shop are changed for each season of the year2 so the little shoppers have constant variety and hail every new season with fresh delight4 ,this book is written to call attention to the beautiful and wonderful things to be found in ,mother ,nature's toy-shop and to tell what to do with them1 for one must know how to use the amusing material that is furnished4 ,after really getting into this most enchanting of all toy-shops with eyes open to see its wonders1 we found that the difficulty to be met was not how to write about them1 but how to stop writing4 ,the display was so varied and so inviting1 it seemed that we must tell the children about everything we saw1 but if we had gone on seeing more and telling more there is no saying what size this book would have been4 ,,lina ,,beard1 ,,adelia ,,belle ,,beard4 ,,contents ,,part ,i--,,wild ,,flowers ,,chapter ,,page ,i4 ,,daisies #a ,,ii4 ,,jack-,,in-,,the-,,pulpit #e ,,iii4 ,,red ,,and ,,white ,,clovers #h ,,iv4 ,,clover ,,designs #ab ,v4 ,,other ,,wild-,,flower ,,designs #ai ,,vi4 ,,pussy-,,willows #bd ,,vii4 ,,arrangement ,,of ,,flowers #cc ,,part ,,ii--,,grasses ,,viii4 ,,fairy-,,trees ,,made ,,of ,,grasses #dj ,,ix4 ,a ,,house ,,made ,,of ,,grass #de ,x4 ,,grass ,,dress ,,and ,,grass ,,head-,,dress #ef ,,part ,,iii--,,green ,,leaves ,,xi4 ,,oak-,,leaves #fa ,,xii4 ,,grape-,,leaf ,,drinking-,,cup #fh ,,xiii4 ,,green-,,leaf ,,designs #ga ,,part ,,iv--,,cultivated ,,flowers ,,xiv4 ,,phlox #gf ,,xv4 ,,cultivated ,,foxglove #ha ,,xvi4 ,,miss ,,hollyhock',s ,,garden-,,party #hh ,,xvii4 ,,daffodils #ib ,,part ,v--,,seed-,,vessels ,,xviii4 ,,seed-,,vessel ,,playthings #if ,,xix4 ,,buckeye ,,horse ,,and ,,buckeye ,,rider #ajc ,,xx4 ,,burdock-,,burrs #ajh ,,xxi4 ,,things ,,to ,,make ,,of ,,english-,,walnut ,,shells #aag ,,part ,,vi--,,vegetables ,,xxii4 ,,things ,,you ,,can ,,make ,,of ,,lima ,,beans #abc ,,xxiii4 ,,sweet-,,potato ,,alligator ,,and ,,what ,,to ,,make ,,of ,a ,,radish #acj ,,xxiv4 ,,green-,,pea ,,toys ,,and ,a ,,green-,,pea ,,design #acf ,,xxv4 ,,corn-,,husks ,,and ,,corn-,,cobs #adh ,,part ,,vii--,,fruit ,,xxvi4 ,,the ,,funny ,,orange-,,head #afc ,,xxvii4 ,,apples ,,and ,,apple ,,fun #aga ,mother ,nature's ,toy-,shop ,,part ,i ,,wild ,,flowers ,,chapter ,i ,,daisies ,what ,you ,can ,do with ,them ,,wild flowers1 like children1 are up early4 ,they don't want to lie abed after their long winter's sleep2 they want to be awake and see what is going on in the world4 ,while you think it is still winter there is a stirring going on under the blankets of brown earth1 and sometimes before the snow is off the ground you may find the little things working up through the stiff soil and opening their eyes to the gentle spring sunshine4 ,it is remarkable the way the soft1 tender sprouts force their way through hard ground that we would have to take a knife or trowel to dig into4 ,but they do it4 ,not all at once with a great1 blustering rush1 but gently1 steadily1 and quietly they push and keep on pushing until their heads are above ground2 then they begin to grow in good earnest1 and pretty soon they laugh right out into blossom4 ,the pleasure these earliest wild flowers give us is in going out to look for them and in gathering handfuls to carry home and put into little glass bowls to be ,oh'd over and wondered at1 to be admired and loved because they are lovely1 and because they bring some of the sweet outdoors of spring into the furnace-heated house4 ,they are too delicate and fragile1 these anemones1 hepaticas1 and bloodroots1 to be handled and played with1 but later come the stronger1 sturdier flowers and with many of these you can do all sorts of entertaining things4 ,you don't have to look very far for them either4 ,they are in the fields1 by the roadsides1 and even along the edges of the streets of a village or small town4 ,you won't find them in the city4 ,to begin with1 there are the daisies4 ,how white the fields are with them6 ,if they are fine1 large daisies on tall1 strong stems they will reach up to your waist--that is1 if you are a little girl4 ,if you are bigger they will come well above your knees4 ,there are a number of things that you can do with them4 ,first1 you can make a really beautiful ,daisy ,crown for a ,may queen1 or to wear yourself just for the fun of it4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#a - ,begin the wreath in this way4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#b - ,turn the stem of ,b under the stem of ,a4 ,gather a whole lot of daisies with rather long stems4 ,they will stay fresh longer if you put them into a pail of cool water and let them drink a little before using them2 and if they have wilted while you carried them1 the water will bring them up again as fresh as--why1 as fresh as a daisy to be sure4 ,this is the way to make the crown4 ,it is a new way and a good way4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#c - ,bring ,b around and in front of it's own upright4 ,take one daisy in your left hand and hold it1 not upright but in what is called a horizontal position like the one marked ,a in ,fig4 #a1 then with your right hand hold another daisy upright and place its stem in front of and across the stem of the first1 as you see it in ,fig4 #a4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#d - ,let the stem of ,b rest on the stem of ,a4 ,this second daisy we will call ,b4 ,now turn the stem of ,b under the stem of ,a and up at the back as it is in ,fig4 #b4 ,bring this same stem1 ,b1 around and in front of its own upright part like ,fig4 #c4 ,turn it all the way around the upright part and let the stem of ,b rest on top of the stem of ,a4 ,fig4 #d shows this1 but in the drawing the stems are separated a little so that you may see each one plainly4 ,it is something like weaving1 you see4 ,and it is weaving of a sort4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#e - ,weave another daisy1 ,c1 on the first two stems4 ,across the stems of the daisies ,a and ,b1 two stems this time1 place the stem of another daisy that we will call ,c1 and weave it on the first two stems exactly as you wove ,b onto ,a 7,fig4 #e74 ,the stem of the fourth daisy will have to cross three stems1 ,a1 ,b1 and ,c4 ,the fifth daisy-stem will cross four stems1 but after that the end of the daisy-stem ,a will probably have been passed and you will be weaving on the others4 ,it depends upon the length of the stems how many are woven over2 sometimes there may be five4 ,it is not well to have more than that number4 ,you can cut a stem off when it seems to be going too far around the crown4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#f - ,a new way to make a ,daisy ,wreath4 ,place the daisies close enough together to have their petals touch1 or even crowd a trifle1 because when the crown is curved and the ends brought together the flowers will separate and leave wider spaces4 ,when you have woven enough daisies to make your crown the proper size to fit your head1 cut the last stems off about two inches from the last flower and1 with a strong blade of grass or piece of string1 tie them to the stem of the daisy ,a1 just back of the flower4 ,fig4 #f shows what the daisy crown looks like when finished4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,jack-,,in-,,the-,,pulpit ,,one of the earliest wild flowers to show its head above ground is ,jack-in-the-pulpit4 ,it is an odd plant and what we call the flower is not the blossom at all1 but a protecting leaf called a spathe which surrounds the tiny flowers growing on the club-shaped spike 7or spadix7 standing upright inside4 ,that is a good thing to know and remember1 but what concerns us now is that there is a pulpit with its curved sounding-board--or perhaps it is a striped awning--overhead1 and that in the pulpit is ,jack4 ,he is a cheerful little preacher and his pulpit is somewhat gayer than we usually see1 but no one ever told ,jack that to be good he must be solemn and that to preach he must have a pulpit rich and sombre4 ,the good ,god who made him gave him his pretty1 striped pulpit with its striped awning to shelter it1 and ,jack goes on preaching his cheerful sermons from this as long as he lives4 ,hear what some one has said of him3 ,jack-in-the-,pulpit preaches to-day1 ,under the green trees1 just over the way2 ,squirrel and ,song-,sparrow high on their perch1 ,hear the sweet lily-bells ringing to church4 ,come1 hear what his reverence rises to say1 ,in his low1 painted pulpit1 this calm ,sabbath day4 ,fair is the canopy over him seen ,pencilled by ,nature's hand1 black1 brown1 and green4 ,some people who love the woods and the wild flowers can understand ,jack's wild-wood language4 ,they will tell you that over and over again he is saying3 ,come into the clean1 shady woods and learn to love all the wonderful living1 growing things to be found here4 ,come into the green woods and hear what we can tell you of beauty and love and kindness2 of courage and perseverance and strength1 for plants must have courage and perseverance as well as strength in order to live4 ,all the time these plants are working in the ground and above it to make their flowers perfect and their seeds fruitful4 ,sometimes it is difficult work1 too1 if the soil does not give them enough food1 or a dry summer chokes them with thirst4 ,sometimes they must struggle hard to gain a footing between the rocks where they were told to grow1 or to keep from being crowded out by stronger1 coarser plants that are called weeds4 ,but they keep on trying to do their part and to do it well2 they work and love1 and their children1 the blossoms1 laugh1 laugh1 laugh with the happiness of it all4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#g - ,cut a hole at the back of the ,pulpit4 ,now if ,jack seems to you to stand too still in his pulpit while he preaches all this1 why you can make him move around4 ,he can turn first to one side then to the other1 and he can lean forward over the front with extended arms as some preachers do when they are very much in earnest4 ,for this you will first have to cut a hole at the back of the pulpit near the bottom1 as is shown in ,fig4 #g1 then1 slipping your knife inside1 cut ,jack loose from the flower and drop him out from the top by turning the pulpit upside down4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#h - ,the ,spike4 ,cut off the lower1 thin part of the spike to which the arrow points in ,fig4 #h and1 after puncturing a deep hole in the end1 push in a very slender twig or grass-stem4 ,fig4 #i shows how this is done4 ,for arms that will make ,jack seem more like a little man1 push a short piece of grass-stem through the spike near the top where you see it in ,fig4 #i4 ,make a hole all the way through the spike with a pin so that the arms will slip in easily4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#i - ,this is ,jack4 ,when you are ready for ,jack to preach put him in his pulpit1 sliding the grass-stem through the hole at the back4 ,while you hold the stem of the pulpit in one hand take the grass-stem in the other and1 by moving it up and down1 twisting it one way1 then the other1 and tipping it up1 you can make him rise up tall and straight1 then sink down2 you can make him turn to the right and to the left and lean forward4 ,that is being active enough in such a small pulpit1 isn't it8 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,red ,,and ,,white ,,clovers ,,by the roadside1 through the meadows1 on the farm1 at the cottage door1 and in your own yard those dear1 familiar little friends1 the clover-blossoms1 come to greet you4 ,even in city parks you may find them1 and always they are ready and glad to help you have a good time4 ,gather a lot of these flowers and sit in the shade under a tree with your lap filled with them while ,i tell you how to make a ,clover ,wreath ,select some long-stemmed blossoms and leaves1 bunch them and bind their stems together their full length with strong grass or string4 ,wind the grass around and around the stems1 tucking the ends securely in under the last wind4 ,you may need several long blades of grass for binding one bunch4 ,in the same way make a second bunch and fit the flowers up close against the first bunch of blossoms1 with their stems lying along the side of the first stems4 ,do not lap the flowers of one bunch over the flowers of another4 ,fasten the second bunch in place by binding the stems to those of the first bunch2 then make a third bunch and bind it on next to the second bunch4 ,continue making these clover bunches and binding their stems to the stems of those already a part of the wreath until the strip is long enough to fit around your head4 ,try it on and1 if it is the proper length1 join the two ends by binding the last stems to the stems of the first bunches4 ,fig4 #aj shows the clover wreath complete4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aj - ,wreath of freshly picked ,clover4 ,you should also have a ,clover ,bracelet to wear with the wreath4 ,make this as you did the wreath but with much smaller bunches4 ,keep binding the bunches together until the strip for the bracelet fits your arm 7,fig4 #aa71 then join the two ends1 and slip the pretty thing on your wrist4 ,of course1 you will want ,clover ,earrings to match1 and those two plump1 full1 fresh blossoms lying at the top of the others on your lap are exactly what you need4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aa - ,clover bracelet4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ab - ,clover earring4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ac - ,clover ,blossom ring4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ad - ,clover ,blossom pendant on ,clover necklace4 ,take one of these clovers and fit it in tight between your cheek and the lobe of your ear 7,fig4 #ab74 ,be careful not to break the long stem1 for you must bring it up snugly just back of your ear along the line where the ear joins your head1 and when this is done1 bend the end of the stem down gently over the top of your ear4 ,the stem will hold your earring in place4 ,make the other earring in the same way4 ,the two clover-blossoms used for the earrings should be as much alike as possible both in size and shape4 ,they should be matched carefully1 as pearls and diamonds are matched in a pair of real earrings4 ,now for a solitaire ,clover ,ring ,choose the finest clover for the jewel1 and hold it against the back of your left forefinger while you wrap the stem once around the finger1 loop it over the blossom and draw the loop tight4 ,fasten the end by tucking it under and over1 and again under the stem ring on your finger4 ,this clover ring is really very effective1 and can be made of any colored clover4 ,fig4 #ac gives an idea of how it looks4 ,a ,necklace of ,clover will complete your beautiful set of flower jewelry4 ,make the necklace as you made the bracelet and fasten three pendant blossoms at the centre1 allowing the middle clover to hang down a little below those on either side 7,fig4 #ad74 ,now you are ready1 with the addition of a long1 straight twig1 at the top of which you have fastened a bouquet of clover1 to play that you are queen of all the clover fairies1 and that your clover-tipped twig is your magic wand4 ,other ,things of ,clover ,the running1 vinelike clovers are fine to use for climbing-roses on outdoor doll-houses4 ,they can also be trained over the doll garden-frames and arches4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,clover ,,designs ,,have you ever admired the pretty patterns on wallpaper of flowers and green leaves8 ,have you ever embroidered dainty designs in colors on white linen1 and do you love it all8 ,if you do1 you will like to make some designs yourself in a new way1 and with real flowers and real leaves4 ,you don't have to know how to draw or to paint in this designing1 for the flowers are there ready for you to use1 more exquisitely drawn and colored than the greatest artist could do them4 ,your part is to group and arrange them on a sheet of paper so that they will form beautiful designs2 designs that will not only delight you1 but that may be copied in embroidery or in other ways4 ,merely to place the flowers on the paper in some sort of a pattern is interesting1 but the design won't last because the flowers won't stay in place4 ,your sleeve may wipe them all off1 or a puff of air blow them away1 so a method has been invented especially for you that will keep them where you want them to stay1 and that method is simply to paste them there4 ,you can make designs of almost any kind of flowers1 the common pink-and-white clover that grows underfoot nearly everywhere makes a particularly pretty one4 ,this is the long-stemmed1 viny kind1 and its name is alsike clover4 ,fig4 #ae shows what the alsike clover looks like1 and you will see that its leaves are rather pointed at the tip1 and shaped more like the leaves of the large red clover than like the almost round ones of the little white clover4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ae - ,the ,alsike ,clover4 ,deep rose color4 ,the way it grows4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#af - ,upright design of ,alsike ,clover4 ,the graceful1 upright design 7,fig4 #af7 was made of the alsike clover1 the blossom of which was a deep-rose color1 and the original design when finished looked like a piece of embroidery done in silks4 ,it was so lovely ,i wish that it could be given in its natural colors here4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ag - ,parts of upright ,clover design4 ,look at ,fig4 #af carefully and see that while the sprays of clover at the right and left appear to be exactly alike1 though turned in opposite directions1 they are not really so1 and the little differences help to make the design interesting4 ,they keep it from being what we call monotonous4 ,now look at ,d1 ,e1 and ,f1 ,fig4 #ag4 ,these are tracings of the sprays of clover before they were grouped together to form the design ,fig4 #af4 ,the spray on the left1 marked ,d1 is just as it grew and as it was used in the finished design2 but ,f1 on the right1 had to have the little budded spray added at the place on the stem shown by the arrows to make it resemble and balance the other4 ,this bud with its leaves was clipped from another clover-vine4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ah - ,running design of ,clover4 ,the spray in the centre of the design was like ,e1 ,fig4 #ag1 and it was necessary to give it the extra leaves shown at its right because1 without them1 it was not symmetrical1 which means evenly balanced1 and it would not have looked well in the design4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ai - ,parts of running design4 ,when all of the material was collected and ready to be put together1 the central spray1 ,e1 was laid in the middle of a sheet of unruled1 white paper with the lower end of the stem near the bottom edge1 then the sprays ,d and ,f were placed on the right and left of the centre one and tried first in one position1 then in another1 until it was decided that they looked best arranged as in ,fig4 #af4 ,after that the extra leaves for the middle spray1 and the bud and its leaves for the right-hand spray1 were put in place4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bj - ,large ,red ,clover design4 ,it all seemed charmingly satisfactory1 so the design was taken apart that it might be fastened permanently in place4 ,the middle spray had to be adjusted first1 and a drop of good library paste was put on the under-side of the clover-blossom1 a drop on the under part of each leaf1 and on the under part of the stem at the lower end4 ,then the spray was laid in the middle of the paper just where it was at first1 and pressed down to make it stick4 ,paste was put on the under part of each of the three leaves to be added and on the under part of their stem at the end1 and they were pasted down to look as if growing on the main stem1 opposite the other leaves4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ba - ,design of leaves and buds of ,red ,clover4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bb - ,parts of leaf and bud design4 ,next the left-hand spray was pasted in place in the same way1 then the right-hand spray1 to which was given its bud that curves in to almost touch the bud on the other spray4 ,paste was also put half-way down on the under part of the long stems of each of the side sprays4 ,this completed the clover design and it was exceedingly pretty1 but after it had been sufficiently admired it was placed between papers under several heavy books to press1 that it might be more durable4 ,it was after it had been pressed that it looked like a piece of silk embroidery4 ,pasted designs can be made without pressing2 but while they are more beautiful they will not last as long as the others4 ,you can enjoy your fresh designs for a while and then press them4 ,do not make the mistake of covering the entire under part of a flower or leaf with paste as if it were made of paper2 a drop is all that is needed1 more will spoil it4 ,flowers do not always grow exactly as you want them for your designs1 but a too straight stem can be coaxed to curve by drawing it between your fingers1 and leaves and sprays can be cut away or added as has been shown4 ,all this changing about only makes it more fun to work out the design4 ,fig4 #ah is a running design of clovers which can be used for a border4 ,the little arrows on ,fig4 #ai show where the different parts are joined4 ,the large red clover was used for the design ,fig4 #bj and the leaves and buds of the red clover for ,fig4 #ba4 ,fig4 #bb shows how the parts of ,fig4 #ba are put together4 ,these drawings are all original from designs actually made of fresh clover-blossoms and their foliage4 ,,chapter ,v ,,other ,,wild-,,flower ,,designs ,daisy ,fleabane ,design ,,isn',t the design ,fig4 #bc what grown-ups call ,japanesque8 ,doesn't it look as if it had been copied from a printed pattern on a piece of ,japanese cotton cloth8 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bc - ,daisy ,fleabane design4 ,well1 it was not4 ,it is from a design made especially for you of real wild flowers1 freshly gathered4 ,the name of the flower is the daisy fleabane which grows in almost all open grassy fields where daisies and buttercups and clovers are found4 ,the illustration ,fig4 #bd shows how the daisy fleabane looks when first gathered4 ,sometimes the blossom is entirely white1 sometimes it is tinged with purple1 and it has a bright-yellow centre4 ,its petals are as fine as a fringe1 like those of the asters that blossom in the fall4 ,in making the design the full-blown flowers were pressed down flat1 which makes them round like a sunflower1 while the buds and partly open flowers were left as they naturally grew4 ,the composition1 or arrangement1 of this design is like that used for the upright clover design 7,fig4 #af71 that is1 it has two tall side sprays and a shorter middle spray2 but see how very different the two designs are in appearance4 ,the clover is all graceful curves1 the daisy fleabane is stiff and formal with straight lines and angles4 ,if you use the white flower1 make the design on a sheet of tinted paper1 else the flower will not show4 ,all white flowers should have tinted paper for a background4 ,wild ,mustard ,design ,the small1 yellow blossoms of the wild mustard and its compound leaves make very dainty designs4 ,fig4 #be is one of them4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#be - ,wild ,mustard design4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bf - ,wild ,mustard4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bd - ,the ,daisy ,fleabane grows like this4 ,from the drawing of the wild mustard 7,fig4 #bf7 you will see that the flowers do not grow close to the leaves as they are placed in this design1 but on tall stems which lift them far above the scattered leaf-sprays4 ,the design ,fig4 #be was made by cutting off a number of flower-clusters and leaves1 and grouping first one flower-cluster and one leaf-spray together1 with the ends of their stems touching1 then another flower-cluster and another leaf-spray4 ,the arrows in ,fig4 #bg show where the stems are brought together1 and the design ,fig4 #be shows how the joining of the first two is covered with one of the small leaves of the second leaf-spray1 and how the joining of the second two is hidden under a leaf of the third leaf-spray1 and so on4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bg - ,parts of ,wild ,mustard design4 ,there are four flower-clusters and five leaf-sprays in the design4 ,you can have as many as you wish but must end them with a leaf-spray4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bh - ,buttercup design4 ,buttercups--a ,design ,buttercups are so beautifully golden1 so glossy and bright1 you would think they could be made into many nice things1 a gold necklace for instance4 ,and so they could if they only would not wilt almost as soon as they are gathered4 ,to be sure1 they will revive and freshen up when put in water if they are not too much wilted1 but we cannot make them into jewelry while their stems are in water4 ,still there is something buttercups can be used for1 and that is designs4 ,fig4 #bh is a drawing from the simplest kind of a buttercup design but a pretty one4 ,it shows five wide-open blossoms placed in a row at equal distances apart with a little spray of leaves and bud at the lower end of each stem4 ,these sprays do not grow as they are in the design but are added after the flowers are placed in a row4 ,as in all other designs1 each flower1 bud1 and stem is touched with paste on the under-side to hold it in place on the paper4 ,a design like ,fig4 #bh should be pressed after it is arranged1 and it will last a long while and keep its bright color4 ,a number of other and very beautiful designs can be made of the common wild buttercup4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,pussy-,,willows ,,we all welcome and love the dear little pussy-willows 7,fig4 #bi7 whose fur is so soft and silvery4 ,how pretty they look sitting along the slender1 bare branches of the small ,american willow-tree which is their home4 ,the pussies like to come early to assure us that spring is here4 ,they are very tame little kitties1 and will allow you to carry them away to your school or to your home4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bi - ,pussy-,willows4 ,sometimes pussy-willows turn into little rabbits1 squirrels1 bumblebees1 and mice1 but they need your help1 they cannot make the magic change alone4 ,it will be lots of fun helping them if you do it this way4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#cj - ,the ,rabbit and the ,rabbit's ears1 enlarged4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ca - ,the ,pussy-,willow ,bunnies4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#cb - ,pussy-,willow ,squirrel1 enlarged4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#cc - ,paper tail1 enlarged1 for squirrel4 ,pussy-,willow ,rabbits ,take a small branch of the very largest pussies you can find1 have ready some scraps of smooth1 fresh writing-paper1 a piece of cardboard1 pair of scissors1 and some good paste4 ,it only requires long ears to change the pussy-willows into bunnies4 ,cut the ears from your writing-paper like the pattern ,fig4 #cj4 ,put paste on the strip between the letters ,g and ,h1 then take a pussy from the branch and stick the paste-covered strip just above the small end of the pussy1 which will be the bunny's head4 ,the arrow ,i1 ,fig4 #cj1 points to the place for the ears4 ,when the paste has dried bend the ears up like the ears of the rabbits in ,fig4 #ca4 ,make three or four rabbits to keep each other company and paste them in a row on your piece of cardboard4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#cd - ,the ,pussy-,willow ,bumble-,bee4 ,a ,pussy-,willow ,squirrel ,this little gray squirrel 7,fig4 #cb71 sitting up in such a lifelike pose1 must be made of a slightly bent1 rather long1 slender pussy4 ,pull forward some of the fur near the small end so that it will look like the front legs of the squirrel when he holds a nut in his hand-like front paws1 and push up two tufts on the head for ears4 ,the pussy from which ,fig4 #cb was made already had these tufts for legs and ears1 and it looked so much like a squirrel one simply had to add the tail and let it be a squirrel4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ce - ,parts of bumble-bee4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#cf - ,draw the legs of the bee like this4 ,cut the paper tail like the pattern ,fig4 #cc1 fringe it along the edge and bend forward the little lap at the bottom which is separated from the tail by the dotted line4 ,curve the tail backward1 put paste on top of the lap1 and stick the lap to the under part of the large end of the pussy2 then paste the finished squirrel to a piece of pasteboard cut round or square as you like best4 ,pussy-,willow ,bumblebee ,mr4 ,bumblebee 7,fig4 #cd7 needs one whole pussy for his body1 one-half of a pussy for his big1 round throat1 and a small piece of the pussy for his head 7,fig4 #ce74 ,on the piece of cardboard which is to hold the bee1 draw his legs like ,fig4 #cf1 then paste the three parts--body1 throat1 and head--on top of the legs4 ,fig4 #cg shows how it would look underneath if you could see through the paper1 so you will know exactly where to paste first the throat1 then the head1 and lastly the body4 ,the edges of these parts where they join must be pushed close together4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#cg - ,paste the three parts of the bee on top of the legs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ch - ,mr4 ,bumble-,bee1 enlarged1 ready for his wings4 ,a bumblebee has slightly curved spikes extending from his head which are called antenn4 ,fig4 #ch shows you where to draw them4 ,you will also see on the same diagram how to widen the six legs1 making them thicker and more lifelike4 ,cut paper wings the shape of ,fig4 #ci1 making them the proper size to fit your bee4 ,remember that a bumblebee has small1 short wings compared to the size of its body4 ,bend the lap at the bottom of the wing along the dotted line1 and paste the lap of each wing onto the sides of ,mr4 ,bumblebee's chest4 ,the wings turn back over the laps and hide them4 7,see ,fig4 #dj74 ,the finished bee is shown in ,fig4 #cd4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ci - ,pattern of bumble-bee wing4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#dj - ,showing lap of wing bent back4 ,if you cut a leaf out of green paper and put your bumble-bee on that instead of on the cardboard1 he will look1 with his extended wings1 as if just ready to fly1 and will make a fine addition to your collection of things made of outdoor material4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#da - ,pussy-,willow ,mouse1 enlarged4 ,pussy-,willow ,mouse ,then there is the pussy-willow mouse 7,fig4 #da74 ,he is a nice little gray mouse with a long tail4 ,choose a large pussy-willow for this mouse1 ruffle the fur up on top of the head and it will look like ears4 ,the head is at the small end of the pussy4 ,paste one end of a piece of cotton string under the large end of the mouse1 and that will be his tail4 ,the string should be white4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#db - ,jumping ,pussy-,willow ,game-,board4 ,finish by pasting the mouse to a round or square piece of pasteboard4 ,jumping ,pussy-,willows--a ,game ,this is a good game and it will make you laugh to see the pussies leap up in the air1 sail along a short distance1 and land on a numbered square of the game-board4 ,the board 7,fig4 #db7 should be ten or twelve inches square4 ,cut it from a flat1 even box lid or any other pasteboard you happen to have4 ,draw straight lines from top to bottom about one inch apart1 then more straight lines from side to side one inch apart4 ,this will divide the board into squares like a checker-board4 ,each of these squares must be numbered and you can draw or paste them in4 ,fig4 #db shows how the game-board should look4 ,to play the game1 lay the board down on a flat surface1 a stone will do if you are out-of-doors1 or even the ground2 and a table1 if in the house4 ,in front of the board draw a short line for the starting-post4 ,the line should be ten or more inches from the board according to the distance you can make the pussies jump4 ,any number of players may join in the game and each player should have his own jumping pussy4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#dc - ,place your finger on the ,pussy-,willow and make it jump4 ,fig4 #dc shows how to place the pussy under the tip of your right forefinger1 with the large1 blunt end standing a little out beyond the finger-tip4 ,when ready to shoot1 press down suddenly on the pussy and1 as your finger slides off the small end1 away jumps pussy and lands on a square of the game-board4 ,each player plays in turn1 always1 of course1 placing the pussy on the starting-line when shooting4 ,the player whose pussy lands on the highest number wins the game4 ,jumping pussy-willow can also be played by dividing the players into two even sides2 then the side which has the highest score1 after the numbers won by them have been added up1 is the winner4 ,pussy-,willow ,bouquet ,a nice1 big bunch of pussy-willows makes an attractive bouquet1 and a very welcome one early in the spring4 ,the pussies are out6 we hear some one say1 and then the boys and girls vie with one another in their effort to be the first to find and bring home branches of the little catkins as proof that spring has come and they were the first to see her4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,arrangement ,,of ,,flowers ,,the arrangement of flowers is interesting and means a great deal4 ,it means that this chapter will tell you what wild flowers look prettiest on the dinner-table and in bowls and vases in other parts of the house2 what flowers and vines will keep fresh longest1 and the kind that do not need water but are beautiful when dry4 ,it means that you can learn not to force a tightly packed handful of all sorts of flowers into a small vase and expect them to look well4 ,flowers don't like crowding and are quite particular about their associates4 ,if you come in hot and tired after your walk1 put the flowers you have gathered into a pail of fresh water and let them stay there until you have rested and are ready to sort them out and make each kind look its very best4 ,all flowers do not appear well in stiff1 straight vases2 all do not look well in bowls4 ,that is the first thing to learn1 and the next is that while some flowers seem to smile upon and nestle lovingly up to some others1 there are kinds that they seem to draw away from and frown upon4 ,only a few examples can be given here4 ,if you love the flowers you will find out more for yourself4 ,the ,wild ,morning-,glory ,in your walks through the fields and along the country roadsides have you ever noticed the wild morning-glory8 ,of course1 you have seen it and1 perhaps1 gathered some blossoms1 only to find them in a short time wilted in your hand or turned into little1 long bags1 puckered at the top as if drawn up with a string4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#dd - ,this is the way the ,wild ,morning ,glory looks4 ,when ,i say noticed1 ,i mean have you thought about the flowers while you looked at them8 ,have you noticed their shape and beautiful color1 and have you seen the great difference between the green leaf of the wild morning-glory and that of the cultivated one8 ,the wild morning-glory leaf 7,fig4 #dd7 is more beautiful in shape1 the vine is more graceful1 and the blossom just as lovely as the cultivated morning-glory1 and all this beauty need not be left behind when you gather the wild flowers which are to make the rooms of your home charming4 ,while ,i write this1 ,july #g1 there stands on a table in our living-room a tall glass vase1 wide at the top and holding plenty of water4 ,it is filled with a mass of wild morning-glory-vines1 and there are four new1 entirely open1 pink and white blossoms while others are just twisting open4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#de - ,the ,wild ,morning ,glory blossomed after it was gathered4 ,four days ago1 when out for a walk in the country1 ,i gathered the vine by the roadside where it grew in the company of daisies1 buttercups1 and wild mustard4 ,lifting themselves up into the light1 where the warmth of the morning sun could open the buds and where the leaves could breathe in the fresh air1 some of these trailing vines had wound themselves in masses around tall1 strong weed-stalks4 ,i gathered the vines1 weed-stalks and all1 breaking them off close to the ground2 and now these stalks hold most of the vines upright in the vase1 while other sprays droop gracefully over the edge and hang down almost to the table-top4 ,only one or two flowers were in bloom when ,i found the vines1 but there were quantities of green buds which ,i hoped would open later1 and that is just what they are doing4 ,it is like having wild flowers growing in one's window4 ,and as for decoration1 nothing can be more beautiful 7,fig4 #de74 ,trailing vines always make pretty decorations1 and many wild ones keep fresh a long while when given plenty of water4 ,some have flowers1 some have not1 but in any case they are worth gathering when you have large vases to fill4 ,the ,wild ,balsam-,apple or as some people call it1 the wild cucumber1 is very decorative4 ,that means it has beautiful curves and twists1 and its small1 white flowers1 prickly1 egg-shaped fruit1 and long tendrils twisted spirally1 like a steel watch-spring let loose1 make us love to look at it4 ,the leaves are pretty1 too1 being shaped almost like a five-pointed star4 ,sometimes this vine is cultivated and you will find it trained up on strings to shade the porch1 or over the kitchen-door of a farmhouse4 ,wherever you find it1 it is beautiful4 ,a large jar filled with sprays of the wild balsam makes a good centrepiece for the table1 or a tall vase holding some upright and some drooping sprays looks very pretty when placed near a window where the light will fall on it4 ,do not mix other flowers with it1 its own blossoms are sufficient4 ,wild ,clematis ,the wild clematis is another beautiful vine1 and you will find it clambering over fences and bushes along the country road4 ,its masses of white flowers fill the air with a sweet1 spicy perfume that delights you4 ,you can gather the clematis when it is in blossom1 and keep it fresh in water for some time if you put it in root ends down4 ,this vine does not wilt as you carry it4 ,later in the season1 when the white flowers have turned into balls of silvery fringe1 the vine is lovely in a different way4 ,then you can gather great armfuls and take it home to hang over mirrors or picture-frames1 letting it become quite dry4 ,it is best to strip the leaves off the sprays at first because they are not beautiful when dry4 ,in a day or two after hanging up your clematis the balls of fringe will become a mass of soft down which will cling to the vine for many weeks4 ,later1 when it becomes dusty1 take it down4 ,bittersweet ,then there is bittersweet1 another wild vine that we gather in the fall4 ,it covers fences and bushes as the clematis does1 but instead of turning into fringe balls its small1 creamy white flowers become bunches of berries4 ,the berries are yellow at first2 when ripe they split open and curl back to show the brilliant red seeds inside that look like coral beads4 ,gather the bittersweet while the berries are yellow1 strip off the green leaves1 and hang the vine up dry or put it in a large vase without water4 ,then the berries will open and last all winter4 ,snapdragon and ,wild ,carrot ,both of these are pretty flowers and worth gathering4 ,the snapdragon 7perhaps you call it butter-and-eggs7 does not mind at all where it grows4 ,field1 roadside1 or even the village streets may be its home1 but wherever it lives1 it makes the spot shine joyously with its stalks of yellow blossoms4 ,snapdragons combine well with the wild carrot1 whose other name is ,queen ,anne's lace1 and together they make a delicate and beautiful bouquet4 ,if you have a large glass fish-globe fill it with fresh water1 and put in the snapdragon and wild carrot in a loose bouquet4 ,nothing could be prettier for the ,august lunch-table than this4 ,wild ,roses look best in a low glass bowl1 for they have no stems to speak of4 ,short-stemmed flowers do not belong in tall vases4 ,the roses wilt quickly out of water and should have plenty of it4 ,do not put any other kind of flowers in the bowl2 the roses won't like it2 neither will you when you see how much better they look by themselves4 ,daisies and ,buttercups so friendly in the fields1 look pretty when arranged in a deep jar together1 but ,i would not mix daisies with any other flowers1 unless it is the lacy wild carrot4 ,buttercups look well with the carrot1 too1 and buttercups look pretty mixed with grasses4 ,you see they all know each other very well1 growing in the fields together4 ,the ,wild ,flag1 or ,iris whose home is along the banks of ponds and small streams1 should be put into a tall clear glass vase or pitcher1 where its stems will show through1 that it may look its best4 ,there is the yellow iris1 the white and the purple1 and they are very beautiful when combined but not crowded4 ,always put some of the long-spiked leaves in with the flowers4 ,clover ,bouquets ,clover bouquets make delightful centrepieces for the table4 ,arranged loosely with its own green foliage1 the rose-colored clover is especially beautiful in a clear1 green glass bowl of water4 ,the sprays should be brought over the edges of the bowl1 and allowed to droop down1 resting partly on the table4 ,yellow clover and its foliage mingled with white clover makes a charming combination as a bouquet for almost any occasion4 ,the name of the yellow clover is hop-clover4 ,it is not as common as the other kinds4 ,green ,bouquets ,when there are no flowers to be had you can have bouquets and centrepieces of green leaves1 ferns1 and vines1 and you will be surprised to find what pretty ones can be arranged and how much they will be admired4 ,ferns will wither soon unless taken up with the roots and the soil surrounding them2 but if they have the roots and soil they will last a long while1 provided you put them in a bowl or jar and keep them always wet4 ,that does not mean to water them as you would any other growing plant1 but to keep them standing in water all the time4 ,maidenhair-fern kept in this way makes a delicate and beautiful centrepiece for the table4 ,sometimes you will find varieties of foliage that are full of color4 ,in early summer the young leaves of the scrub-oak are very brilliant in reds and yellows1 and ,i have made bouquets of nothing but leaves from the rose-bushes4 ,these are often tinged with red and purple4 ,sprays of the barberry-bush with its rows of dangling red berries are pretty in a green bowl4 ,be careful of the thorns when you gather this4 ,cut the stems2 do not try to break them4 ,,part ,,ii ,,grasses ,,chapter ,,viii ,,fairy-,,trees ,,made ,,of ,,grasses ,,some of our grasses appear like very large trees to the little grass fairies who1 we like to pretend1 hide in their midst2 while other grasses1 with their jointed1 bamboo-like stems1 seem to these tiny people to be tall forests of real bamboo4 ,why not play that you are a little fairy and live among the grasses8 ,but to see the grasses as the fairies see them you must lie down and bring your eyes very near the ground2 so stretch yourself out flat1 face down1 with your head lower than the grass tops2 then look steadily ahead through the tall grass stems4 ,what do you see8 ,the five fairy-trees standing by themselves in ,fig4 #df are four short-stemmed tops of the ,scribner's panic-grass4 ,fig4 #dg shows exactly how the grass looks before you pick it1 and ,fig4 #dh gives a simple design that you can make by placing the tips of the four grass tops together1 allowing the stems of two heads to lie in a straight horizontal line 7that means a line running from left to right71 and the stems of the other two heads to lie in a straight line vertically 7that means up and down74 ,while you are playing with the grasses you can begin to learn something about them4 ,the beard-grass1 which some people call the little blue-stem 7,fig4 #di71 has near relatives named forked beard-grass and bushy beard-grass4 ,these are stiff and angular1 with bamboo-like stems1 just the thing for trees in a little ,japanese garden which some time you will want to make4 ,you may run across them anywhere1 for they are common in all parts of our country4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#df - ,trees of ,scribner's ,panic-,grass4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#dg - ,scribner's ,panic-,grass as it grows1 ,panicum ,scribnerianum4 ,make friends with these and with other grasses4 ,as you find them learn their names just as you would learn the names of new playmates4 ,take the grasses home1 show them to your father and to your mother2 if they do not know their names1 carry them to school and ask your teacher about them4 ,in case she cannot tell you1 go to the public library with your grasses and persuade the librarian at the desk to help you find their pictures and names in some of her books4 ,all grasses have names1 so ,illustration3 ,fig4#di - ,you will run across these anywhere4 keep asking and hunting until you know what to call them4 ,when you know their names you will be glad to see your friends1 the pretty green grasses1 whenever you find them4 ,in ,chapter ,,xviii1 which tells how to make a burdock-burr house1 you will find more about grasses4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#dh - ,scribner's ,panic-,grass4 ,design made of four grass heads4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,a ,,house ,,made ,,of ,,grass ,,real people live in grass houses way off in the ,philippine ,islands4 ,that is1 their houses are made of bamboo1 which is a kind of giant grass4 ,it must be a pretty airy1 comfortable house in summer1 and it is always summer in the ,philippines1 but we never see that kind of houses here4 ,one reason is because in most of our country a grass house would be very cold in winter1 and another reason for not building them is because the bamboo grows only in the extreme south1 and even down there people want more substantial homes4 ,a prettier playhouse1 though1 could not be devised1 and if you could see a ,filipino house you would want it immediately1 but since you cannot have a real one you can have the fun of making a little doll ,filipino house1 and of making it exactly as the little brown ,filipino men make theirs4 ,suppose you gather some grass and twigs now1 and build the little house for your doll4 ,some of the queer little people whose home is in the ,philippine ,islands perch their houses like birds' nests up in the trees1 but often they are built on stilts to lift them high from the ground4 ,our little house 7,fig4 #ej7 shall be on stilts4 ,we will make the floor first4 ,if you do not understand how to measure by inches1 ask an older person to help you4 ,the ,floor ,find two straight1 round sticks1 not quite as large round as a lead-pencil4 ,the sticks must be cut six and a half inches long1 then two sticks of the same kind five inches long2 after that there must be six more sticks five inches long4 ,split these last six sticks in half lengthwise4 ,the ,philippine people do not use nails1 or screws1 or glue1 and not even wooden pegs1 in building their houses2 they bind and tie the parts together with rattan1 and as we are going to build just as they do we1 too1 will tie the parts of our house together1 but will use raffia in place of the rattan4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ej - ,the little ,grass ,house you can make4 ,hold one of the six-and-a-half-inch sticks 7letter ,j1 ,fig4 #ea7 upright in your hand while you cross it a short distance below the top with a five-inch-round stick 7letter ,k1 ,fig4 #ea74 ,the distance from the top of the upright stick to the crossing and the distance from the short end of the other stick to the crossing must be the same4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ea - ,begin binding them together4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#eb - ,carry the raffia over and between the two ends of the sticks4 ,begin binding them together as shown in ,fig4 #ea4 ,then carry the raffia 7string will do if you cannot get raffia7 over and between the two ends of the sticks 7,fig4 #eb71 and wind it opposite ways several times around the sticks1 bringing the raffia between as well as over them4 ,this will lash them firmly together4 ,now turn this beginning of your floor around so that the short stick will be upright and the long one extend from side to side4 ,do not let the binding loosen2 hold it tight and cross the long stick with one of the split five-inch sticks 7,fig4 #ec74 ,be sure that the flat side of the split stick is next to the long stick1 and that you leave a slight opening between it and the first crosspiece4 ,pull the raffia tight and bind it over this second crosspiece 7,fig4 #ed71 then back1 crossing it as in ,fig4 #ee4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ec - ,turn the sticks1 bringing ,j in horizontal position4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ed - ,bind raffia over second stick4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ee - ,then bring raffia across front of second stick4 ,bind on the next split crosspiece in the same way1 and go on adding crosspieces until they reach almost to the end of the long stick1 then let the last crosspiece be the second unsplit five-inch stick4 ,when all the short crosspieces are properly bound onto the long stick1 bind the other six-and-a-half-inch long stick under the opposite ends of the crosspieces in the same way1 and just as carefully 7,fig4 #ef74 ,this makes the floor and we must lash it to the stilts1 which are four upright sticks1 each seven and one half inches long4 ,fit the stilts in the outside corners made by the crossing of the end and side sticks of the floor1 and1 holding the floor about four and a half inches above the lower ends of the stilts1 bind floor and stilts together 7,fig4 #eg74 ,of course you can put the stilts on only one at a time4 ,the ,walls ,make the framework for the walls by binding and tying onto the stilts near the top two sticks1 each six and a half inches long1 one stick on each side4 ,across these sticks1 from stilt to stilt1 at each end1 bind a five-inch-length stick 7,fig4 #eh74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ef - ,make the floor this way4 ,the ,roof ,to support the roof there must be two upright sticks1 each seven inches long1 and these sticks must be bound and tied to the middle of the end sticks of the floor and the end sticks of the wall4 ,they are lettered ,l and ,l in ,fig4 #ei ,illustration3 ,fig4#eg - ,lash the floor to the stilts4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#eh - ,bind on four more poles making framework for walls4 ,fig4 #fj shows the framework of the house without the bindings1 so that you may see exactly how the sticks are put together4 ,there is a ridge-pole which forms the top ridge of the roof4 ,this must be a stick about seven inches long1 and it is to be tied to the uprights lettered ,l and ,l that you have just fastened on the two ends of the house4 7,see ,fig4 #ei1 ,l and ,l47 ,four other sticks1 ,m and ,m and ,n and ,n1 long enough to reach from the ridge-pole1 crossing above it1 to the side crosspieces of the wall1 you must tie to the ridge-pole and the side-wall sticks1 placing them slanting1 as you see them in ,fig4 #fj1 at each end4 ,the ,porch ,like many other people1 the ,filipino wants a porch to his house4 ,perhaps he sits there to smoke his curious little pipe1 which is not much larger than the one you make of an acorn4 ,i have never seen him on his porch1 but ,i have seen him smoke and afterward tuck his pipe away in his long1 fuzzy hair1 where it remained in safety even while he leaped and pranced about in the wild dance he loves so much4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ei - ,end poles are added to hold up the roof4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#fj - ,this is the way the house is put together4 ,but we must not forget the porch4 ,if the ,filipino has one to his house1 we must have a porch to ours4 ,we won't make it separately and add it to the part already built1 but1 as the ,filipino does1 we will use part of the house-floor for the floor of the porch1 and let the roof cover that as well as the house4 ,to do this we must separate the house part from the porch part by putting up two more uprights1 one on each side1 a little way back from the front of the house1 and these uprights will form the boundary-line4 ,letters ,o and ,p in ,fig4 #fj are these last uprights1 the sticks which form them being long enough to reach from the wall side-piece to the floor1 and extend a little above and below where they cross the upper and lower sticks4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#fa - ,fresh grass instead of palms over one side wall4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#fb - ,strips of wood to bind down the grass on wall4 ,thatching ,now we come to the real grass part of the house1 for we have had to use small sticks for the framework instead of bamboo1 and where the ,filipino uses palm-leaves we will use grass4 ,gather some long1 coarse1 fresh blades of grass for thatching both the roof and walls1 and begin with the walls4 ,bunch the grass evenly1 the stem ends all together1 bend the bunch at the centre1 then spread it out at its centre1 and hang it thickly over one side-wall beam1 which is the upper stick 7,fig4 #fa74 ,have the stem ends inside the house hang down as long as the tip ends on the outside1 and let the outside ends hang down below the edge of the floor2 then take a flat strip of wood and place it near the top of the grass-covered wall1 bend the ends a little and slide them back of the uprights 7,fig4 #fb74 ,smooth the grass down evenly and put in another flat stick1 this time at the bottom 7,fig4 #fb74 ,if you want the inside of the house as perfect as the outside1 slide in two other strips on the inside of each wall to hold the grass down4 ,fig4 #fb shows the grass partially trimmed off to make it even at the bottom4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#fc - ,pole rafter being thatched for roof4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#fd - ,shows exactly how the raffia is tied4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#fe - ,hang grass over ridge pole of roof4 ,to thatch the roof you will need two more sticks for rafters4 ,over one stick1 near the end1 tie a bunch of grass into a tassel1 using a piece of raffia to bind it2 hang more grass over the stick or rafter1 and tie it into another tassel1 and with the same piece of raffia tie a third tassel 7,fig4 #fc74 ,fig4 #fd shows exactly how the raffia is tied4 ,make the tassels rather thick and put them close together so that there will be no space between4 ,when this rafter 7the stick7 is covered with thatch lay it across the side of the roof half-way between the ridge-pole 7top stick on the roof7 and the stick forming the side wall of the house1 and tie the ends securely to the slanting sticks of the roof4 ,thatch another rafter and fasten it on the opposite side of the roof1 then cover two shorter sticks with thatch and tie one across the front1 the other across the back peak of the roof on a line with the thatched rafters on the sides4 ,fasten more thatch at the front and back peak of the roof1 tying it to the ridge-pole1 also to the two slanting sticks4 ,allow the grass to hang down far enough to cover the top of the thatch below it 7,fig4 #ej74 ,this thatch must entirely fill up the ends of the roof made by the peak4 ,now hang grass over the ridge-pole at the top of the roof as you would hang your doll's little sheets on your toy clothes-line 7,fig4 #fe71 and bring the ends down over the thatched rafters on each side of the roof4 ,hold this top thatch in place by laying sticks across the grass just below the ridge-pole on each side of the roof4 ,bind and tie these sticks at each end to the framework of the house 7,fig4 #ej74 ,if grass cannot be had for thatching1 soak hay in water to make it soften and take the stiffness out1 then use that4 ,raffia dyed green might do1 or should all else fail1 take fine broom-straws softened in hot water for the thatch1 and use loosely twisted string for binding and tying4 ,of course the string should not be white1 but you can dip it in coffee and dry it2 the color will then be like the color of rattan4 ,the ,ladder ,the spry little ,filipinos use ladders instead of stairs to reach their living-room1 so we must make a rustic ladder for our house4 ,cut two slender sticks about six and one-half inches long for the sides2 then cut seven or eight short sticks for the crosspieces or rungs4 ,the rungs should be one and three-quarter inches long4 ,bind and tie the ends of the rungs to the side sticks 7,fig4 #ff71 placing them about three-quarters of an inch apart4 ,the ends of the rungs must cross the side sticks and extend out about one-quarter of an inch4 ,if properly tied1 your little ladder will be firm and strong4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ff - ,the ladder will be strong and firm4 ,place the ladder one end resting on the ground1 the other end on the front edge of the porch1 then stand off and admire your work4 ,it is certainly worth admiring1 for the house will be a perfect miniature ,filipino home1 and you may imagine you can see tall cocoanut-palms and many other strange and beautiful trees and plants that grow in the hot ,philippine ,islands4 ,you might copy some of these with grasses and small flowering wild plants4 ,if you have a ,noah's ark it will be a good idea to select some of the animals that live in the ,philippines and put them in the little rattan and bamboo jungles which you have made of grasses4 ,a piece of looking-glass or plain window-glass can represent water not far from the house1 and here you should have a crocodile sunning himself on the bank4 ,let a wild boar be plunging out of the jungle1 and deep in the bamboo grove you might hide the tremendously large snake called a boa4 ,i don't think there will be a boa in your ,noah's ark1 but you can make one of bread dough1 or of clay4 ,with all these dangerous creatures prowling round1 do you think it strange that the ,filipino people put their houses on stilts8 ,if this were a real house in the real ,philippines you might see a number of natives1 wearing little or no clothes1 coming toward you bringing small snakes which they had caught to sell in the towns for rat-catchers4 ,and near the house there would be most wonderful flowers1 some of them orchids1 the flowers that live on air2 while all around would be strange and rare birds4 ,at one side of the house1 some distance away1 there would1 perhaps1 be a wet rice-field where the queer water-buffalo1 called a carabao1 would be drawing a strange-looking plough1 the driver1 a little brown man1 wearing an immense umbrella-like hat woven of palm-leaves4 ,listen6 ,do you hear that deep1 booming sound8 ,it comes from the peculiar tree which a native is striking with his big club in slow1 heavy blows on one of its immense1 wall-like roots4 ,the sound goes rolling far over the land1 telephoning to other natives that white people are coming4 ,a ,doll ,filipino ,woman ,to make the little house seem more real1 dress a doll in genuine ,philippine costume and stand her near the ladder with arms extended as if in welcome4 ,the dress must be a white waist with flowing sleeves1 a light-colored skirt1 a large gay handkerchief1 called a pauelo1 folded around the doll's neck1 and an overskirt made of a square of dark cloth drawn tightly around her body from waist to knees4 ,no stockings are needed1 but you can give her heelless slippers with only a narrow strip over the toes to keep them on4 ,,chapter ,x ,,grass ,,dress ,,and ,,grass ,,head-,,dress ,,look at the little girl in the photograph who is wearing her new grass dress made of the wavy hair-grass and playing that she is a wood-nymph4 ,she feels very proud and is greatly pleased with her pretty costume4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#fg - ,bring the long end of string across front of second bunch and form loop ,a4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#fh - ,first loop1 ,a1 on front of grass and string passed around back of grass forming second loop1 ,b4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#fi - ,string brought forward again and slipped through first loop1 ,a4 ,almost any kind of long1 slender grasses can be used for a dress of this kind1 but you must gather an armful or more4 ,it takes a good deal of material1 for the fringe must be close and thick4 ,illustration3 ,she is greatly pleased with her pretty grass costume4 ,divide the grass into bunches1 each bunch about as thick as your thumb1 and have the heads of all the grasses together at one end of the bunch1 and the stem ends together at the other end4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#gj - ,use a strong string for tying the grass fringe4 ,tie a strong string around the stem ends of one bunch4 ,hold this tied bunch under your left arm1 stem ends to the front1 and take up another bunch 7,fig4 #gj74 ,bring the long end of the string across the front of the second bunch and form a loop 7,a1 ,fig4 #fg74 ,hold the loop while you pass the string around the back of the bunch 7,fig4 #fh71 then slide the end through the loop ,a1 ,fig4 #fi4 ,draw this loop-fastening very tight and it will hold4 ,now place the second bunch under your arm with the first bunch1 and make a loop-fastening around the third bunch4 ,keep on adding bunches of grass in this way1 always drawing the last bunch close to the one before it1 and holding them all together under your arm as in the photograph 7,fig4 #gj74 ,in this picture the grass bunches are purposely left far apart that you may see exactly how to make the fringe4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ga - ,bristle-spiked ,cyperus grass used for head-dress4 ,see photograph4 ,the grass dress will be finished when you have made a strip of fringe long enough to reach around your waist1 for the skirt--it needs no waist--is really only a fringe of grasses to be worn over a light summer dress4 ,grass ,head-,dress ,the grass head-dress to be worn with the wood-nymph skirt is quite as wild-looking1 but is simply a band of grasses1 with bunches of the bristle-spiked cyperus grass 7,fig4 #ga7 hanging downward on each end4 ,the band goes across over the top of the head1 and the grass side ornaments fall over the ears4 ,wear the grass costume and carry a light branch of green leaves in each hand when you give your next outdoor fancy dance1 or take part in outdoor tableaux where you could represent either a wood-nymph or the spirit of the grasses4 ,,part ,,iii ,,green ,,leaves ,,chapter ,,xi ,,oak-,,leaves ,,to dress up and pretend is something every little girl1 and boy too1 for that matter1 likes to do1 and there is no better place for having this kind of fun and no greater storehouse for dress-up material than the wide1 sunny fields and green1 shady forest on a summer's day4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#gb - ,the ,robinson ,crusoe ,hat4 ,if you want to be a wood-nymph1 a fairy1 or a pioneer2 if you would be a fashionable lady decked in jewels rare1 or a rollicking cowboy1 or ,robinson ,crusoe1 it is all the same to ,mother ,nature's department store4 ,fields1 ,woods ,co4 can furnish all you need4 ,if the goods are not always ready to wear1 they are at least ready to be made up into what you want4 ,why1 you can even be a little savage and wear a skirt made of a fringe of long grasses1 like the wood-nymph's dress1 and bracelets of slender1 golden-brown rootlets1 if that pleases you2 all the materials are ready to your hand4 ,and you can make a ,robinson ,crusoe ,hat of the large leaves of the scrub-oak--a pretty and becoming hat and one that will keep your head cool though you walk under the hottest of noonday suns4 ,the photograph given here shows one little girl who likes immensely to wear her ,crusoe hat1 and ,fig4 #gb shows just how the hat looks when not on her head4 ,it won't take more than five minutes to make the hat1 but first you must gather the leaves4 ,ordinary oak-leaves are too small to use2 it is on the scrub-oak that you will find them large enough4 ,the scrub-oak grows low1 like a bush1 and the leaves will be quite within your reach4 ,like a good shopkeeper1 this kind of oak shows his customers leaves of various sizes1 but it is the very largest that you must take1 and only the ones that are dark-green in color4 ,the pretty new light-green or brownish leaves will soon wilt and curl on the edges1 while a hat made of the older1 tougher ones will last in good condition several days if left out in the dew at night or kept damp in the house4 ,illustration3 ,the ,robinson ,crusoe ,hat is pretty and becoming4 ,the number of leaves needed depends upon the size of the leaves and the size of your head4 ,it is well to have at least a dozen and a half2 then you can select the best4 ,the largest leaves are not always perfect1 but unless very much torn or eaten away by insects they will answer4 ,to gather all you need you will probably have to visit several of the little scrub-oaks4 ,if you are at home when you make your hat1 use broom-straws to pin the leaves together2 if you are in the woods find some smooth1 slender twigs1 break them in short pieces1 and they will take the place of the straws4 ,begin by pinning two leaves together as they are in ,fig4 #gc4 ,these leaves are lettered ,u and ,v4 ,you see that ,u is lapped over ,v and then pinned to it in two places1 first near the stem and then through the lower side lobe4 ,the next leaf would be letter ,w1 and ,w would be pinned to ,u just as ,u is pinned to ,v4 ,make the stems meet at the top and keep adding leaves1 pinning one to another1 until the hat is large enough to fit your head comfortably1 then pin the last leaf to the first4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#gc - ,pin the leaves together in this way4 ,do not make the hat too flat2 if you find it flattening out1 lap the leaves over more at the bottom4 ,when finished it should be shaped like ,fig4 #gb4 ,oak-,leaf ,mask ,among other frolics in the woods you can have a masquerade--a real one1 where you wear a mask1 and that mask made of one of the largest leaves of the scrub-oak4 ,not even a pair of scissors will be needed to make this mask1 and it is a funny one too 7,fig4 #gd74 ,see the turned-up eyelids and the wide nose tilted at the end4 ,when you have found a leaf large enough 7the one in the drawing was nine inches long and seven inches wide7 use your thumb-nail to cut out the eyes and nose4 ,the outlines at the top of ,fig4 #gd show how to shape them1 and the dotted lines show where they are bent up4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#gd - ,the ,oak ,leaf ,mask4 ,there is no mouth1 none is needed1 for the leaf1 below the nose1 drops down loosely over your mouth like the curtain on a mask one buys at a shop4 ,the oak-leaf mask will stay on your face if you wet the under parts of each side and stick them to your cheeks4 ,another way to make the mask is to turn the leaf around1 stem down1 and then cut the eyes and nose in the wide part1 leaving the narrower stem end for a long chin4 ,this kind you can hold in front of your face by taking the stem in your hand4 ,it requires so short a time to make a mask that when one wears out or is lost you can have another to replace it in a minute or two4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ge - ,the little ,oak ,leaf ,dog4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#gg - ,this shows how the dog was made4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#gf - ,the leaf the dog was made of4 ,the ,little ,oak-,leaf ,dog ,he has the funny expression of a real dog when he is making up his mind what to do next1 even if he is only an oak-leaf4 ,it was an ordinary leaf four inches long which was1 by tearing a little here and bending a little there1 transformed into his absurd dogship 7,fig4 #ge74 ,fig4 #gf is the tracing of the leaf actually used for the dog4 ,fig4 #gg shows the same leaf with its stem nipped off and the other end torn up1 not very evenly1 where the dotted lines are in ,fig4 #gf4 ,this makes the little dog's tail4 ,the tear on either side reaches to the mid-rib of the leaf1 but does not cross it1 and the mid-rib being unbroken holds the tail out stiff and straight4 ,the two hind legs are bent down just where the tear ends in making the tail4 ,the dotted line in ,fig4 #gg shows this4 ,the other two legs1 formed by the side lobes of the leaf1 are bent down as the dotted lines indicate4 ,the tip of the lobe on the left side had to be torn off because that leg was longer than the opposite one4 ,in making the neck the narrow part of the leaf was bent up and then down1 the two dotted lines show where4 ,then the ears were bent up and the little oak-leaf dog was placed standing as you see him in ,fig4 #ge1 to have his picture drawn4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,grape-,,leaf ,,drinking-,,cup ,a ,,wild-,,grape leaf will do quite as well as a cultivated one for a drinking-cup if it is large enough4 ,you want a large leaf1 because a small one will hold only a sip of water1 and when one is really thirsty that is certainly not enough4 ,whether wild or cultivated1 the grape-leaf should be washed in clean water to take off dust and any possible insects that may be on it4 ,where there is water to drink there is water for washing the leaf1 so there can be no difficulty about that1 and the large green leaf1 freshened by the water1 looks very cool and inviting4 ,it is simply a matter of folding1 first one way1 then the other1 that turns the grape-leaf into a cup4 ,fig4 #gh is a tracing of the leaf from which the cup 7,fig4 #gi7 was made4 ,it measured eight inches at its widest part1 almost seven inches from tip to stem1 and the cup held a good supply of water4 ,begin to fold by bringing the two lower lobes of the leaf together in the way shown in ,fig4 #hj4 ,this makes the middle bend that is indicated by the dotted line in ,fig4 #gh4 ,then bring the two lobes around to the left1 or to the right if that comes easier1 hold them close together and lap them over the upper lobe on that side4 ,that makes the two side bends which join at the middle bend 7,fig4 #gh71 and rounds the cup into shape4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#gh - ,the drinking cup was made of a leaf like this4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#gi - ,a fine drinking cup made by folding a ,grape leaf4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#hj - ,bring the two lower lobes of the leaf together4 ,the bottom of the cup is pointed1 as you see1 and1 of course1 will not stand2 then1 too1 the cup falls apart when you loosen your hold1 but neither of these things are of any consequence1 for you can let your cup lie flat and fold it again very quickly when it is needed4 ,as long as the folds are held tight in your fingers1 the cup will keep its shape and hold water without leaking a particle4 ,use the upper1 or green1 side of the leaf for the inside of the cup2 the under1 or light1 side is fuzzy and may harbor small insects even after it is washed4 ,be sure you look into the water before drinking it4 ,this should be done no matter what you drink from or where you get the water4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,green-,,leaf ,,designs ,beech-,leaves ,,remarkably pretty designs can be made entirely of green leaves2 also with leaves and their seed-pods1 their nuts and berries4 ,you can press a design of leaves alone1 but one having seed-pods1 berries1 or nuts cannot be pressed4 ,it is fun to make it1 even if it cannot be preserved by pressing1 and you will like to do it4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ha - ,two twigs broken off a ,beech ,tree made this design4 ,fig4 #ha is the drawing of a charming design made of two twigs broken off a beech-tree4 ,on one twig were two beechnuts in their pretty green1 spiky outer shells2 on the other was just one nut4 ,each twig had three leaves4 ,nothing was cut off and nothing was added for this design2 the twigs were used exactly as they came from the tree4 ,the stems were simply crossed1 with the lower leaf of one twig falling over the stem of the other twig1 and that finished it4 ,the easiest thing in the world to do if you happen to think of it4 ,violet-,leaves ,there is one thing about the green leaves of the violet which makes it a joy to use them in a design1 and that is1 the stems are so pliable1 so easily bent and curved1 you can do almost anything with them4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#hb - ,design made of ,violet leaves4 ,see how the stems add to the beauty of the violet-leaf design ,fig4 #hb4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#hc - ,the stem curves naturally4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#hd - ,under side of the small leaf in the design4 ,the curve of the stem of ,fig4 #hc is a natural one for it to take1 and you can probably find a leaf with its stem curved very much like it1 but it is another thing to come across one of the same size which has a stem curved in the opposite direction1 and such a stem is necessary for a design like ,fig4 #hb4 ,very well6 ,since the stem does not naturally curve the way we want it1 we will make it do so4 ,all we have to do is to draw it through our fingers several times and1 by pressure1 gently persuade it to turn as we wish4 ,fig4 #hd is the under-side of the small leaf at the bottom of the design 7,fig4 #hb71 and shows how the stem loop above the leaf was made4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#he - ,this is the way the curling ,ground-,pine grows4 ,first a violet-leaf with stem curved like the one in ,fig4 #hc was laid down on a sheet of paper1 then another leaf of the same size1 with stem made to curve in the opposite direction1 was placed beside but not touching the first leaf1 and with its stem crossing the other stem4 ,the two stems meeting at the bottom formed a pear-shaped loop4 ,the small leaf1 after its stem had been formed into a loop and the end tucked in at the back1 was fitted on top of the stems of the large leaves1 as you see it in ,fig4 #hb4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#hf - ,beautiful1 tiny1 green ,pine-,tree made of a curling branch of the ,ground-,pine4 ,violet-leaves are seldom flat2 they are apt to curl at the edges2 some are so curled as to form little cornucopias4 ,choose the flattest you can find for a design like ,fig4 #hb1 and paste them to the paper with a touch of paste on the under-part of the tip and of the two lobes at the bottom of each leaf4 ,paste the stems down also with a touch of paste here and there4 ,the violet-leaf design can be pressed4 ,ground-,pine ,deep in the shadowy woods1 often where pine-trees are growing1 you will find the ground-pine4 ,clinging close to the ground1 curling in feathery1 green clusters on its vine-like root1 it runs for yards over the surface1 while its root1 lying along the top1 sends down slender rootlets into the earth4 ,push away the dry leaves or pine-needles that usually cover the root1 and you can pull up long strips and soon gather enough to make the prettiest kind of festive decorations4 ,festoons of the ground-pine are very pretty on walls1 stair-banisters1 porch-railings1 over picture-frames1 and hanging from chandeliers1 and this ready-made evergreen rope is as suitable for outdoor as for indoor decoration1 as beautiful in summer as in winter4 ,when you want to dress-up in the woods use the ground-pine for trimmings4 ,loop it over your skirt and make a wreath for your hair4 ,last summer at camp we used the ground-pine in this way and the little girls1 arrayed for a dance1 never looked prettier4 ,for table decorations at camp and for decorating the tent doorways the ground-pine is charming4 ,fig4 #he shows how the short1 curled clusters grow on the long root1 and ,fig4 #hf gives a wee pine-tree made of one cluster picked off the root and planted in an outdoor doll's garden4 ,this is what our ,american writer and poet1 ,ralph ,waldo ,emerson1 said of the ground-pine3 ,as ,i spoke1 beneath my feet ,the ground-pine curled its pretty wreath4 ,,part ,,iv ,,cultivated ,,flowers ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,phlox ,phlox ,tower and ,phlox ,design ,,in a great bunch of garden-flowers given me by a friend ,i found some pink-and-white phlox 7,fig4 #hg71 and from it ,i made first a ,phlox ,tower ,as you know1 the blossom is trumpet-shaped and flares at the open end into five petals4 ,the tube part is long and narrows to a point1 so it is easy to push one flower into another4 ,that is what you do in building the phlox tower4 ,you pull the blossom off its stem and out of the little green calyx which holds it1 then you push the end of the tube part into the round red eye in the centre of another flower as far down as it will go4 ,then you push another blossom into that one and build up until your tower is as high as you want it1 or as high as it will stand without toppling over4 ,a bud stuck in the top flower makes a good finish 7,fig4 #hh74 ,phlox ,design ,the design ,fig4 #hi was made by first putting three blossoms together1 sticking one inside the other as for the tower1 to form the long side sprays1 and afterward arranging three blossoms below the side sprays and one above with their stems meeting at the middle1 as they are in ,fig4 #hi4 ,on each side of the upper flower was placed a sprig of buds2 then the tube part of a blossom was cut off and the petal part fitted in the centre of the design to cover the ends of the other flowers where they met4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#hg - ,blossoms of the ,phlox4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#hh - ,build your ,phlox ,tower like this4 ,the tube parts of three more flowers were cut away1 and the petal parts arranged in the position shown in ,fig4 #hi4 ,this formed a scattered design quite different from any of the others made of flowers4 ,touches of paste on the under part held all the flowers in place4 ,the phlox design is a good one to preserve by pressing4 ,the ,tiger-,lily ,leopard ,illustration3 ,fig4#hi - ,this phlox design should be pressed4 ,from the brilliant-orange tiger-lily1 with its dark-brown or black spots1 we are going to make a--tiger8 ,no1 a leopard4 ,tiger-lilies may have spots1 but tigers1 you know1 are striped4 ,it is really wonderful how much this little animal1 made of parts of a beautiful flower and broom-straws1 looks like the stealthy1 prowling1 wild creature which lives in ,africa and ,asia4 ,the yellow coat of the live leopard is covered with black spots1 and so is that of our flower leopard4 ,the fierce living animal has a long tail that it moves slowly back and forth in anger or when it threatens to attack another animal or a man4 ,our little leopard also has a long tail which1 if it does not really move1 looks as if it were just going to4 ,but while the live animal is ferocious and will kill1 we can only pretend that of the tiger-lily leopard4 ,though he looks dangerous1 he cannot even nibble a green leaf4 ,the illustration of the tiger-lily given here is a drawing of the one from which the lily leopard 7,fig4 #ij7 was made4 ,you will notice that at the right of the flower 7,fig4 #ia7 there is the stem and pistil of a blossom that has fallen apart4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ij - ,the stealthy1 prowling ,leopard4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ia - ,the leopard is made from a ,tiger ,lily like this4 ,when we make the leopard we cut off this lily-stem close to the stalk1 leaving the pistil attached1 to use for the back-bone and tail4 ,four broom-straws1 about an inch and a half long and sharpened at one end1 we use for legs4 ,the pointed ends of two of the legs are pushed into the stem at the front1 and the other two in part of the pistil at the back1 as shown in ,fig4 #ib4 ,that makes the skeleton4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ib - ,this is the skeleton of the leopard4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ic - ,the leopard's spotted coat4 ,now we have to fit on the skeleton the leopard's spotted coat4 ,after pulling the perfect flower apart we select the petal best suited for this purpose 7,fig4 #ic71 and then take the curl partially out of it by pressing it down on the table with our fingers4 ,the tip of the petal will have to be cut off because it comes down too far over the tail4 ,the blunt end of the petal will be the leopard's head1 and it can be rounded up and moulded with your fingers until it looks like the head of the leopard in ,fig4 #ij4 ,small ears of bits of broom-straw1 pointed at one end1 we must stick in the head where they belong and then1 in order to make the coat stay in place1 we will pin it to the skeleton at the neck1 in the middle of the back1 and again at the tail1 with fine broom-straws4 ,so we have the little leopard complete4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,,cultivated ,,foxglove ,fairy-,caps ,transcriber's ,note3 ,foxglove is poisonous4 ,do not play with foxgloves4 ,,do you know the cultivated foxglove with its tall spikes of thimble-shaped flowers1 prettily spotted inside8 7,fig4 #id47 ,and do you know that these flowers will fit on the ends of your fingers like tall caps on the heads of little fairies8 ,perhaps there are foxgloves growing in your garden now4 ,if there are1 pick five blossoms off the stalk1 selecting a large one for your thumb and a small one for your little finger2 the others should be of a size in between these two4 ,turn these blossoms upside down and they at once become fairy-caps4 ,fit the caps on all five fingers of your left hand4 ,then on your fingers1 just below the caps1 draw little faces with pen and ink4 ,now you have five living1 moving fairies who will do all sorts of things and be very spry about it 7,fig4 #ie74 ,they will nod at you joyously1 they will bend low in solemn salute1 and they will put their little heads together to plan some piece of mischief4 ,they can be fairy children at school1 if you like1 with the short1 fat thumb fairy for the teacher2 and you can make the fairy pupils stand close together1 shoulder to shoulder1 then at a word from the teacher1 separate and stand alone again4 ,it will be fun to name the fairies1 such names as ,pepper-grass1 ,mustard-seed1 and ,catnip1 and with the teacher standing before his class1 have him call the roll and have each fairy bob his head as he answers to his name4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#id - ,do you know the cultivated ,fox ,glove8 ,perhaps you will want the teacher to require each pupil to sing a little song or recite a short verse4 ,when a fairy does that1 he moves forward in front of the others1 and stays in that place until he has finished4 ,here is a pretty verse for a flower-capped fairy to recite3 ,i wonder what the ,clover thinks1 ,intimate friend of the ,bobolinks1 ,lover of ,daisies1 slim and white1 ,waltzer with ,buttercups at night4 99 99 99 99 99 ,oh1 who knows what the ,clover thinks8 ,no one6 ,unless the ,bobolinks4 ,sweet ,pea--the ,peacock ,illustration3 ,fig4#ie - ,five living ,fairies4 ,you use a little pretended magic when you turn a sweet-pea blossom into a peacock1 and that makes it seem more mysterious and more interesting4 ,it doesn't take a second but while you are doing it you must repeat this transformation rhyme3 ,sweet ,pea1 ,sweet ,pea1 ,your petals unlock4 ,i turn two down1 ,and you're a peacock4 ,pick out a fine1 large sweet-pea blossom4 ,it doesn't matter about the color4 ,if you have a number to choose from1 suit yourself4 ,hold the flower in your left hand by its stem and recite the first two lines3 ,sweet ,pea1 ,sweet ,pea1 ,your petals unlock4 ,illustration ,fig4#if3 - ,sweet ,pea1 ,sweet ,pea1 ,your petals unlock4 ,illustration ,fig4#ig3 - ,i turn two down and you're a ,peacock4 ,then as you reach around to the back of the flower with your right hand and put your thumb on one curled petal1 ,x1 and your first finger on the other curled petal1 ,y 7,fig4 #if71 finish the rhyme3 ,i turn two down1 ,and you're a peacock4 and at the same time turn these petals down as they are in ,fig4 #ig4 ,you will see right away that the turned-down petals at the sides are the wings1 the upright petal at the back is the tail1 and the closed middle part is the body4 ,the tipped-up point of the body part makes a very good head for the little sweet-pea peacock4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ih - ,the blossoms of the cultivated ,snapdragon are large4 ,snapdragon--,lady's ,head and ,lion's ,head ,the magic that turns a blossom of the large1 cultivated snapdragon into a little lady's head1 upon which rests a dainty1 ruffled sunbonnet1 or into a ferocious-looking lion's head1 is the magic of pen and ink1 not of rhyme4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ii - ,the ,snapdragon ,lady's ,head4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ajj - ,the ,snapdragon ,lion's ,head4 ,the blossoms of the cultivated snapdragon are very much larger than those of its wild cousin1 called by some people butter-and-eggs1 but the cultivated flowers grow on a stalk in the same way as the wild ones4 ,you would hardly recognize the cultivated flowers as snapdragons because of their size and wonderful colors4 ,a sure test is to pinch one2 if it opens its mouth it is a real snapdragon2 if it doesn't it is not2 but you must know how to pinch it1 else it may refuse to snap4 ,the illustration 7,fig4 #ih7 shows a stalk of the cultivated flower1 and looking at the blossoms in that position you can see neither the lady's head nor the lion's1 yet they are there4 ,,lady',s ,,head ,pick a blossom off its stalk1 leaving the little stem attached1 and turn it around until you discover the sunbonnet and see that it looks like ,fig4 #ii1 then with pen and ink draw eyes1 nose1 and mouth on the part under the bonnet that is the face4 ,this part is white1 while the sunbonnet is sometimes a dainty pink and sometimes a gorgeous scarlet or orange1 with deeper color on the edges4 ,,lion',s ,,head ,turn another blossom upside down and the crown of the bonnet becomes the lower jaw and beard of the lion1 while the other part is the lion's face4 ,on the face you must make two fierce eyes like those in ,fig4 #ajj4 ,when you take hold of the lion's jaws at the back and pinch them he will open his great1 wide mouth as if to send out a tremendous roar1 only to snap it shut again without a sound as you stop pinching4 ,fig4 #ajj shows how to hold the flower to open the lion's mouth4 ,the pink snapdragon is best to use for the lady's head and the orange-colored one for the lion's4 ,if you would rather call it a dragon's head1 you can1 you know1 but it looks more like a lion4 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,miss ,,hollyhock',s ,,garden-,,party ,illustration3 ,fig4#aja - ,miss ,hollyhock gives a garden party4 ,,when ,miss ,hollyhock gives a garden-party the scene is a gay one4 ,all the ladies1 and you can have as many as you want1 are in their freshest1 crispest summer gowns4 ,there are dainty pink ones1 white1 rose-colored1 and deep red2 there are light yellow and orange2 there are gowns almost brown and others almost black1 but whatever the color of the skirt the waist is always green4 ,green waists are the style where ,miss ,hollyhock lives1 and she and all her friends follow the style very closely4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ajb - ,cut the ,pistil out of the flowers4 ,the hats these little ladies wear to the party are of the same silky material as their skirts and are usually of the same color1 though sometimes a lady in white will appear in a pink or yellow hat1 or a pink lady can be seen wearing a white hat1 and the lady in rose knows how well she looks in a hat that is almost black4 ,when there are two or more gowns of the same color the hollyhock ladies prefer to have different colored hats so that they will not all look alike4 ,fig4 #aja shows how ,miss ,hollyhock and her friends are made from the flowers of that name4 ,when you have gathered the flowers you must cut off the stem of each close to the green calyx which is ,miss ,hollyhock's waist1 and then cut out the pistil which grows inside the blossom4 ,this pistil is shaped something like a little club1 and is covered with the yellow grains of pollen 7ask some one what pollen is74 ,it looks like ,fig4 #ajb4 ,the pollen will make the flower wilt quickly4 ,that is why it is best to take the pistil out4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ajc - ,this is the way to make ,miss ,hollyhock4 ,now select a nice1 round1 hard1 green bud for a head and leave its stem on for the neck4 ,turn the sharp point of your scissors around in the top of the hollyhock calyx to make a little round hole1 then push the stem of the bud into the hole1 screwing it round and round until the bud almost1 but not quite1 touches the calyx4 ,if you push it all the way down your lady will have no neck2 her head will grow directly out of her shoulders4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ajd - ,miss ,hollyhock's ,tea ,table4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aje - ,teapot and cups for the ,hollyhock tea table4 ,wooden toothpicks are used for legs1 arms1 and support1 but strong broom-straws will answer as well1 or straight1 slender twigs4 ,push three toothpicks1 twigs1 or broom-straws up into the centre of the flower1 two in front and one at the back as you see them in ,fig4 #ajc4 ,the dotted lines show where they go inside the blossom4 ,be sure to have all three the same length so that the little lady will stand firmly4 ,the arrows on ,fig4 #ajc show where to insert the arms4 ,cut sharp points on the broom-straws to make them slide in easily4 ,blunt ends will tear the flower4 ,with pen and ink make the eyes1 nose1 and mouth on the head1 and use a petal of another hollyhock for a hat4 ,pin the hat to the top of the lady's head with a pin or short broom-straw4 ,a garden-party would not be complete without ,a ,tea-,table ,make the tea-table of the hollyhock's round cake of unripe seeds which most children call a cheese4 ,this is covered with a green case which is easily taken off and then you have a round1 white disk like a little table-top turned up at the edge4 ,select the largest one you can find and push the ends of three toothpicks or broom-straws into the under-side for the table legs 7,fig4 #ajd74 ,now the tea-table must have a ,teapot and ,cups ,find a green bud for a teapot shaped like ,z 7,fig4 #aje74 ,push two short straws into the bud in the places shown by the arrows in ,z 7,fig4 #aje71 one for the spout and one for the handle4 ,cut the tops off smaller buds to make them into teacups 7,a and ,b1 ,fig4 #aje74 ,a drop of paste at the bottom of the teapot and the cups will keep them in place on the table4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,daffodils ,dancing ,flowers and ,whirligigs ,,daffodils1 yellow as sunshine1 always come with the beautiful springtime4 ,the blossoms of the single daffodils1 with their tall1 golden cups resting in the saucers of lighter-colored petals1 are the daintiest1 though both single and double are so like a song of cheerfulness it is a joy to have them near4 ,they look as if they wanted to dance for sheer happiness and1 wonder of wonders1 you can actually make them dance4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ajf - ,the ,daffodil ,dancer4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ajg - ,the ,daffodil ,animal4 ,gather a few of the single daffies1 leaving on them the very short stems which hold them to the main stalk4 ,these little green stems will be the stiff ornaments at the top of the dancers' green caps when you turn the flowers upside down1 which is right side up for the dancers4 ,daffodil ,dancers ,to make a flower stand alone and give it feet to dance on1 push three wooden toothpicks firmly up under the little yellow skirt into the centre of the blossom4 ,it doesn't matter if a flower has three feet2 like an insect1 it may have more than two and it won't stand on two4 ,spread the bottom ends of the toothpicks out a trifle like a tripod to make the flower stand steady 7,fig4 #ajf74 ,when you have made several dancers1 stand them on a tin tray1 and they will be a group of daffy-down-dillies just come to town1 arrayed in their best gowns and ready to take part in the dance4 ,tap the tray gently from underneath and the dancers will begin to move4 ,tap a little harder and they will begin to dance4 ,tip the tray slightly forward and they will dance toward you2 tip it backward and they will dance away again4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ajh - ,daffodil stalk for you to turn into a whirligig4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aji - ,the ,whirligig4 ,a ,daffodil ,animal ,queer little animals that come only from ,daffy land can be made of the single daffodil-blossoms4 ,take one of the flowers and carefully cut away the outstanding petals1 leaving the perfect1 long cup4 ,hold the cup in your left hand with the short1 green stem hanging down2 the stem is the animal's head2 then break off about half an inch from the blunt ends of four wooden toothpicks and use the longest parts for legs4 ,push the pointed ends of the tooth pick legs up into the under-side of the long1 slender cup as it is held in your left hand4 ,keep the legs of an even length and the animal will stand firmly4 ,this little fellow1 with his green head and long green nose1 is very comical 7,fig4 #ajg74 ,he can dance on the tin tray too1 and run about when you tip it4 ,the daffodil toys will keep their color a long while even after the blossoms are dry4 ,do not take off the brown calyx which is lightly wrapped around the bottom of each flower4 ,it represents the hair of the dancers and the ears of the animal4 ,the ,whirligig ,you can have some fun with the daffodil stalk1 too1 after taking off the flowers4 ,fig4 #ajh is a daffodil stalk2 look at it closely1 then look at ,fig4 #aji4 ,they are really the very same though they appear to be so different4 ,one seems to have a blossom at the top1 and you know that the other has not4 ,if you want to do the trick and make a stalk blossom1 select a stalk like ,fig4 #ajh1 hold the stem closely between your open hands and roll it rapidly by first sliding your right hand forward while the left slides backward1 then the left forward and the right hand back4 ,this makes a whirligig of your stalk1 and the flower will appear at the top as you see it in ,fig4 #aji4 ,try making whirligigs of other kinds of stems2 of grasses1 twigs1 and leaves4 ,,part ,v ,,seed-,,vessels ,,chapter ,,xviii ,,seed-,,vessel ,,playthings ,,when the flowers have gone then come the seed-vessels1 equally as good for playthings but very different4 ,of course1 you know the rose-haws1 the little red and yellow and green apples that you find on the rose-bushes in the fall4 ,they are the seed-vessels of the rose1 and every rose which is allowed to remain on the bush until it fades and falls apart leaves a seed-vessel to take its place4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aaj - ,rose-haw apples for your doll's table4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aab - ,the bronze-green ,rose-haw4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aaa3 - ,this necklace is made of ,rose-haws and ,plantain ,lily seed pods4 ,the ,doll's ,fruit ,piece ,the rose-haws look very much like little apples4 ,rosy-cheeked ,baldwins1 yellow harvest-apples1 and greenings1 and they will make a fine fruit-piece for the centre of your doll's table4 ,pile them up on one of the toy dishes and put the smallest of green rose-leaves around the edge 7,fig4 #aaj74 ,rose-,haw ,necklace ,but the rose-haws can be used for something besides toy apples2 you can pretend they are jewels and string them for a real necklace4 ,one necklace can be entirely of the haws and another like ,fig4 #aaa1 which is made of bronze-green haws 7,fig4 #aab71 and the long1 green seed-pods of the plantain 7,fig4 #aac74 ,the blossoms of the plantain are pale purple or lavender1 and hang from the stalk as the seed-pods do4 ,they are bell-shaped and about an inch long4 ,the leaf is like a lily-leaf4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aac - ,the long1 green seed pods of the ,plantain ,lily4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aad - ,the seed pod earring4 ,as you see1 the haws and seed-pods are strung alternately2 first a haw1 then a seed-pod1 again a haw and so on4 ,thread your needle with strong thread and be sure the thread is long enough for the necklace4 ,measure it around your neck1 letting it droop as much as you wish2 then allow several inches at each end for tying4 ,if you cannot find the large1 brownish-green haws use yellow or red ones1 but the green haws1 when strung with the green seed-pods1 are more beautiful4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aae - ,this necklace is made of ,barberries and ,plantain ,lily ,stalk4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aaf - ,a branch of the ,barberry ,bush4 ,seed-,pod ,earrings ,to match the necklace1 make long1 green earrings of the plantain seed-pods4 ,fig4 #aad shows a seed-pod earring4 ,you see it is strung on a thread and the ends of the thread are then tied to form a loop4 ,the loop must be just large enough to fit comfortably over your ear1 and when you wear the earring1 the green jewel will hang down and dangle delightfully4 ,the upper end of the seed-pod should almost touch your ear4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aag - ,make the earring in this way4 ,necklace of ,barberries and ,plantain-,stalk ,plantain is very useful in making jewelry because you can use the stalk as well as the seed-pods4 ,fig4 #aae is a necklace made of the plantain-stalk cut in short pieces1 all the same length1 and the coral-red berries of the barberry-bush4 ,the crooked branches of the barberry-bush grow very close together and are covered with thorns which stand out straight and sharp like pins4 ,that is why it is so often used for hedges2 nothing can get through it without being terribly scratched4 ,from the branches the red berries hang down like coral drops4 ,fig4 #aaf shows the way they grow4 ,to make this necklace1 string first a piece of the plantain-stalk1 pushing the needle through lengthwise1 then string a barberry and again a piece of the green stalk2 after that a barberry4 ,keep on in this way until the necklace is as long as you want it4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aah - ,maple seed vessel used as bird wings4 ,the berries are exceedingly pretty strung as you see them1 hanging down in their natural way1 and really1 you cannot string them any other way4 ,the upper part of the berry is the only part through which you can pass your needle because of the large1 hard seed which fills the space below4 ,plantain-,stalk and ,barberry ,earrings ,how to make the earrings to complete this set of jewelry is shown in ,fig4 #aag4 ,first you string a piece of the plantain-stalk1 then a barberry2 then you put your needle back through the stalk and tie the thread at the top4 ,after that you make the loop to put over your ear as you did in making the seed-pod earring4 ,birds of ,maple-,tree ,seed-,vessels ,you see it is not only the seed-vessels of flowers that can be turned into playthings4 ,the trees also furnish abundant material for toys4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aai - ,maple seed vessel bird4 ,gather the winged seed-vessels that fall from the maple-trees1 ,fig4 #aah is a maple seed-vessel1 and let us sit on the dry1 sun-warmed grass and turn them into odd little birds like ,fig4 #aai4 ,these birds are very near the size of our ruby-throated humming-birds1 a trifle larger perhaps1 but they do not in the least resemble the beautiful1 jewel-colored1 long-beaked wild bird1 either in looks or habits4 ,however1 they are nice1 tame1 quiet little birds and never object to being handled1 played with1 and placed on any bush or low tree where you may happen to want to put them4 ,you cannot say that of the humming-bird1 can you8 ,you will need two seed-vessels for each bird4 ,divide one through the centre1 separating the two wings1 and use one of these wings for the body of the bird1 as you see in the diagram ,fig4 #abj4 ,clip off the two corners of the square end where the arrows point to shape it like a bird's head1 then carefully bend up the seed-vessel pair of wings1 and fit the body down in between them1 resting it on the centre part that holds the wings together4 ,one or two stitches with needle and thread1 passed through wings and body1 will keep them close and secure4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#abj - ,bird's body4 ,when your bird is finished 7,fig4 #aai71 thread a needle with black thread1 tie a good-sized knot in the end of the thread1 and push the needle from underneath up through the back of the bird where it will come out between the wings4 ,draw the knot up close to the body and tie the other end of the thread to a low branch of a tree4 ,when you stand off a little distance you cannot see the thread and your bird will seem to be hovering in mid-air4 ,a gentle breeze will stir the bird and make it look as if flying4 ,if there is no breeze1 you can blow on it1 or fan it until the little thing flutters about almost as if alive4 ,be careful to string the thread through the bird at a place that will make it evenly balanced4 ,,chapter ,,xix ,,buckeye ,,horse ,,and ,,buckeye ,,rider ,all children love the clean1 glossy1 brown horse-chestnuts or buckeyes4 ,there are so many buckeye-trees in ,ohio that it is called the ,buckeye ,state1 and many villages of ,long ,island are full of them4 ,they are used for shade-trees and often line the streets1 where they send down showers of their nuts1 pretty but not good to eat4 ,everywhere the children gather basketfuls and take them home to play with1 and in other ,beard books we have told of some things that can be made of buckeyes1 but the buckeye horse and rider which you see here have just arrived4 ,he is a very remarkable-looking horse with his funny round head and stiff legs and tail1 though not more remarkable than the little man who rides him4 ,both are made simply of buckeyes and slender twigs4 ,the head and body of the horse and of the man are buckeyes4 ,the neck1 ears1 tail1 and legs of the horse are smooth1 straight twigs2 the neck1 arms1 and legs of the man are also twigs4 ,the ,buckeye ,horse ,when you make a horse let the light-colored part of the buckeye be his face4 ,this part usually has a dark spot on it which looks like an eye4 ,you will see it in ,fig4 #aba4 ,he will have only one eye unless you put in another with lead-pencil or pen and ink1 but very frequently horses are blind in one eye1 so it will not matter whether he has two eyes or one4 ,stick two short pieces of twigs in the head for ears and a longer twig for the neck4 ,you will have to sharpen the ends of the twigs to a point so that they will go in easily4 ,the neck twig will need sharpening at both ends4 ,before putting the head on the body of the horse1 which should be as large a buckeye as you can find1 push in four twigs for the legs4 ,the front legs must slant forward1 the hind legs slant backward4 ,this will make him stand firmly4 ,then choose a slender twig for the tail1 and split it several times at one end to show that it has hair on it1 as in ,fig4 #aba4 ,fasten the tail on and then push in the neck twig4 ,this finishes the horse4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aba - ,he is a remarkable looking ,horse4 ,the ,buckeye ,man ,for the body of the man who sits astride the horse1 choose a buckeye which is rather flat on one side4 ,a round buckeye will roll off4 ,find a small buckeye for the man's head and give him a twig neck 7,fig4 #abb74 ,do not make his twig arms stand out straight at his sides2 push them in slantingly so that he will hold them out in front4 ,put his twig legs in far apart and slant them a little forward4 ,now place the man on the horse1 and if he does not fit1 change the position of his legs until he sits securely4 ,your buckeye man and buckeye horse will then look like ,fig4 #abb4 ,pine-,cones4 ,pine-,cone ,forest ,of course you like to gather the rich-brown pine-cones that lie scattered on the ground under the pine-trees2 we all do4 ,collect a number of those which have loosened and opened out their little leaf-like scales1 then stand them up like trees in an open space on the ground4 ,they look so much like toy trees we immediately want to play we are foresters1 way off in the wild western lands1 planting forest-trees for ,uncle ,sam4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#abb - ,the ,buckeye ,horse and ,rider4 ,we can make our forest as large as we want it and plant trees every day if we like1 or we can gather up our nice1 clean1 dry cones and take them into the house to use in some other way4 ,they make nice playthings4 ,a ,fruit-and-,vegetable ,market ,if you find small1 short cones1 not fully opened out1 notice how much they look like little pineapples2 you must save these for our fruit-and-vegetable market1 where we sell fat1 short acorns as hazelnuts1 the long acorns as pecans1 and the buckeyes1 or horse-chestnuts1 all shiny1 dark1 and smooth1 as eggplants1 and rose-haws as apples4 ,there are other things in our store1 too4 ,string-beans1 which are really locust-pods1 and heads of white cauliflower made of bunches of the wild carrot or ,queen ,anne's ,lace blossoms1 tied together so that the pretty white flowers of the wide-spreading clusters lie evenly with edges touching4 ,a number of these clusters are used for one head of cauliflower1 and around each head are arranged green leaves with their tops cut off just as you see them around the real vegetable4 ,cone ,card-,rack ,save one of your fine1 large-sized1 wide-open cones and make a card-rack of it like the one shown in the photograph ,fig4 #abc4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#abc - ,card rack and pin box combined4 ,you must have a small1 round or square wooden box for the base and glue the flat bottom of the cone on the lid4 ,the box can be filled with small brass clips for holding sheets of paper together1 or with pins1 and it will then make a fine birthday or ,christmas present for some one4 ,the cone card-rack is very useful on a writing-desk4 ,if you make a number of these cone-racks they will be something new for your next fair4 ,remember to stick some pretty cards in each rack4 ,christmas-,tree ,ornaments ,perhaps you would like to keep some of your cones for ,christmas-tree ornaments2 they make very pretty ones4 ,gild several until they shine like gold1 then silver others1 and they will look as if covered with white frost4 ,if you have collected any of the prickly sweet-gum balls that look as if they were carved in little starry patterns1 gild and silver these1 too1 and let them dangle from the tree on long gilt or silver cords4 ,these natural1 outdoor ornaments are not easily broken1 and may be kept from year to year for your ,christmas tree4 ,,chapter ,,xx ,,burdock-,,burrs ,the ,little ,house of ,burrs ,,now let us build a little woodsy house of burrs 7,fig4 #abd7 and put it in a little garden4 ,gather two heaping handfuls of large-sized burdock-burrs1 small ones are not strong enough1 and begin building4 ,these burrs grow on a bush2 they are about the size of a marble1 are almost round1 are prickly1 and are pinkish at the top4 ,make the roof first 7,fig4 #abe74 ,stick ten or twelve burrs together in a row with pink heads all pointing in the same direction4 ,place this row on a flat1 smooth surface1 a board1 flat stone1 table1 or1 perhaps1 the hard earth1 and attach another row of burrs along the side edge of the first row4 ,continue to add more burrs until you have six or seven rows fastened into one flat piece4 ,be sure that this piece does not bulge out or sink down in places1 for the roof must be perfectly flat4 ,make the two side walls 7,figs4 #abf and #abg7 and the back wall of the house as you made the roof2 the back wall must be the length of the roof and the height of the side walls 7,fig4 #abh74 ,the side walls must each fit on the ends of the roof and be high enough to look well4 ,the front wall of the house must have a doorway and a window 7,fig4 #abi74 ,but first make it solid1 exactly like the back wall and exactly the same size1 then lay it down on the flat surface that you are using for a table1 and open a hole for the doorway by taking out five or six burrs1 counting from the bottom up1 and two or three burrs1 counting from side to side4 ,that will make about ten or twelve burrs to be removed4 ,take out the burrs for the window and make the opening three or four burrs high and two burrs wide4 7,see ,fig4 #abi74 ,use four burrs for each side of the hollow square chimney 7,fig4 #acj71 which is open at top and bottom4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#abd - ,the little woodsey house of ,burdock-burrs with ornamental trees of grass4 ,to put the different parts of the house together lay the roof down flat and stick the edge of the back wall on top of the outer row of burrs which forms one of the long edges of the roof4 ,fasten one side wall on one short edge of the roof in the same way and press the edge of the back wall and the edge of the side wall together1 making the corner firm and square4 ,next attach the second side wall1 and lastly fit in the front wall4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#abe - ,roof of house of ,burs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#acj - ,chimney of house of ,burs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#abf - ,side wall of house of ,burs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#abh - ,back wall of house of ,burs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#abg - ,side wall of house of ,burs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#abi - ,front wall of house of ,burs4 ,now lift the house carefully1 place it right side up on the ground1 and adjust the chimney to the roof4 ,as you work keep the picture of the house in front of you so that you may see at a glance whether you are building it correctly or not4 ,if you cannot find large burrs1 let the sides and the roof of the house be two layers of burrs stuck firmly together4 ,make a path leading up to the door of very small shells1 sand1 or fresh earth4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aca - ,cat-tail for little pond made of ,timothy-,grass4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#acb - ,cat-tail held upright by ,burdock-burrs4 ,pond1 with ,water-,lilies1 in the ,garden ,would you like to have a little pond near the house1 with white water-lilies floating on its surface and wee cattails growing here and there in and near the water's edge8 ,you can easily make such a pond4 ,sink a shallow pan in the ground1 a hole must be dug to fit it1 you know1 and fill the pan with water4 ,cover the edges with moss or earth and plant short-stemmed heads of timothy-grass 7,fig4 #aca7 and slender1 stiff grass-blades in scattered groups near the water4 ,it is timothy-grass that looks so much like cattails1 and also the grass called foxtail4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#acc - ,the play ,water-,lily made of a ,white ,clover floating on water4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#acd - ,cut leaves for the water lilies from a ,maple leaf as shown here4 ,some of the cattails can be made to look as if they were growing in the pond if you make a flat-bottomed ball of burrs around the ends of the stems to hold them upright 7,fig4 #acb71 and put some small stones on top of the ball to weight it down in the water4 ,for the little water-lilies select perfect white clover-blossoms 7,fig4 #acc71 and for the leaves1 or lily-pads1 use any rather small1 smooth1 round leaves4 ,the marsh-marigold leaf will answer1 or you can cut out water-lily leaves from oak or maple4 ,make them the shape of the pattern ,fig4 #acd4 ,the pattern here is laid on a maple-leaf ready to cut out a leaf for the water-lily4 ,make a number of lilies and float them and the leaves on top of the water4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ace - ,pea-pod ,canoe4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#acf - ,cut open the pea-pod along dotted line4 ,a ,pea-,pod ,canoe ,you might add a pea-pod canoe 7,fig4 #ace71 with a tiny ,american flag standing proudly erect at the bow4 ,when you make the canoe1 open the pod where you see the dotted line in ,fig4 #acf4 ,to keep the pod open make little braces of broom-straws1 and put them in crosswise with one end against each side of the canoe4 ,there are four braces in the canoe 7,fig4 #ace71 but you may not need that many4 ,the ,trees ,in the picture given here the tree on the left of the little house of burrs is just two stalks of the common grass called meadow muhlenbergia1 which are held up as if really growing1 by several green burrs left from building the house4 ,the burrs are squeezed up tight to the grass-stems and then pressed down tight to the ground4 ,you can find the grass for these trees almost any place2 it is very social and loves to make its home with other grasses4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#acg - ,burdock-burr target4 ,the graceful1 drooping tree on the right of the house is made of the grass called brome-grass4 ,keep your eyes open and you will find it some time while playing out-of-doors4 ,as soon as you see it1 run to the brome-grass and whisper its name4 ,you will be glad to discover it and will remember its name afterward whenever you see the grass4 ,look at the picture again and notice the odd plants near the brome-grass tree4 ,their name is ,bermuda-grass4 ,see how they spread out their long1 slender fingers4 ,they look very much like a grass named the small crab-grass1 and another the large crab-grass1 and like another still called the wire-grass2 but if you put all these side by side and examine them closely you will see how they differ4 ,burdock-,burr ,game ,besides making things of burdock-burrs1 you can play a game with them4 ,the game is something like archery1 only1 instead of shooting arrows at a target1 you throw burrs at it4 ,get a good-sized piece of woollen cloth or some kind of material with a rough surface to which the burrs will cling4 ,tack this up on the fence or on a board2 then1 with a large piece of chalk that will make a wide mark1 draw four circles1 one inside the other like ,fig4 #acg4 ,it doesn't matter if your circles are not perfect4 ,do the best you can and finish your target4 ,number the spaces between the circles #a1 #b1 #c1 #aj4 ,the outer space is #a1 the next1 #b1 next to the centre #c1 and the centre #aj4 ,the centre1 being the bull's-eye1 counts most4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ach - ,hold the burr this way when you throw it at the target4 ,have ready a lot of burrs for each player2 mark a boundary-line on the ground1 beyond which no one must step in throwing the burrs1 and1 standing at the boundary-line1 let each player in turn throw three burrs at the target4 ,the burrs that stick to the target make the score if they are in the numbered spaces4 ,fig4 #ach shows how to hold the burr4 ,suppose one burr sticks to the space numbered #b1 and the two others are in number #a1 the player would then have two ones and one two which1 added together1 make four2 her score then would be four4 ,always pull the burrs of one player off the target before the next player takes her turn1 and there will be no question as to who should claim them4 ,after each player has had three turns1 let every one add up her scores4 ,the player who has the highest wins the game4 ,if divided into sides1 the players on the side having the highest score are the winners and they should be given a hearty cheer by the losing side4 ,even very little girls and boys should learn to be good losers and to help celebrate the victory of others4 ,,chapter ,,xxi ,,things ,,to ,,make ,,of ,,english-,,walnut ,,shells ,,nuts are the seed-vessels of the nut-trees2 did you ever think of that8 ,they do not grow only that we may have something delicious to eat4 ,they ripen and fall on the ground1 where some of them take root and grow up into trees themselves4 ,if you plant a hickory-nut a little hickory-tree should come up1 and it will if the conditions are all right4 ,if you plant a walnut it will be a walnut-tree that will appear2 so you see a nutshell is the seed-vessel of the nut-tree4 ,english walnuts do not grow wild in this country1 but are cultivated here and you all know what the ,english walnut is like4 ,our ,american walnut is very hard to crack2 its shell is rough and deeply grooved1 but the ,english-walnut shell is smooth and without sharp edges1 though its surface is uneven4 ,there is a shallow groove running round the shell1 like a seam1 and the shell cracks open along this seam evenly and easily4 ,to ,open an ,english ,walnut ,the easiest way to open an ,english walnut so that the shell will be in two perfect halves is to push the tip of a penknife-blade into the groove at the large end of the nut1 and then slowly and carefully turn the knife to pry the halves apart4 ,when opened this way the shell is never broken 7,fig4 #aci74 ,after you have opened several nuts and taken out the kernels1 use the knife to cut away the thin1 papery divisions inside the shells4 ,you will then be ready to make ,the ,professor and one half-shell is to be his head4 ,draw a face on the shell like the face of the professor 7,fig4 #adj74 ,the narrow part of the shell is his chin1 the wide part1 the top of his head4 ,he has an intellectual forehead1 high and broad1 with furrows of thought showing plainly on it4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aci - ,this is the way to open the shell4 ,the ,professor's ,robe ,as a rule professors wear black robes when they wear any1 but our nutshell professor wears white because it is more becoming to his dark complexion1 and because it is more effective and draws attention to him4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#adj - ,the ,english ,walnutshell ,professor4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ada - ,the ,professor's ,robe4 ,to make the robe1 fold an oblong piece of white paper into a square1 which makes the square double4 ,the edges should measure about four inches4 ,if you have a large white envelope cut off one end to make it square and use that4 ,fold the square diagonally across from point to point1 as is shown by the dotted line in ,fig4 #ada4 ,now turn back first one side point1 then the other side point1 and make them meet over the first fold to form a fanlike pleat1 wider at the bottom than at the top4 ,the dotted lines on either side of the middle one in ,fig4 #ada show where the folds should come4 ,the middle fold is bent out1 or toward you2 the side folds are bent in1 or away from you4 ,the side points now extending toward you are the wide1 flowing sleeves of the professor's gown4 ,take the robe in your hand at the bottom point1 holding it from the back1 and on the top point hang the professor's nutshell head 7,fig4 #adj74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#adb - ,the ,nutshell ,mouse4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#adc - ,ear for the mouse4 ,while the head balances quite securely on the point1 you can make it wag from side to side1 make it shake and tremble when the professor grows very earnest in his discourse1 and make the chin thrust itself forward when he is emphatic4 ,you do all this merely by shaking and tipping the paper robe4 ,he is an amusing little lecturer1 this ,english-walnut shell professor1 and seems very much alive4 ,english-,walnut ,shell ,mouse ,it is a far cry from a lecturer to a little mouse1 yet one ,english-walnut shell will make both1 half a shell for each4 ,this is a nice1 cosey-looking little mouse who crouches down comfortably and does not show his legs 7,fig4 #adb74 ,the point of the shell is the nose of the mouse2 above it make two round1 black eyes and then paste on two brown-paper ears4 ,cut the ears like ,fig4 #adc1 bend back the little stems at the bottom1 put a touch of paste on each stem and stick the ears to the mouse's head in the position shown in ,fig4 #adb4 ,cut a piece of string about three inches long for the tail and paste one end of it on the inside edge of the shell at the large end4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#add - ,the ,nutshell ,thimble ,box4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ade - ,tie a ribbon around the nut4 ,if you make three of these mice and glue them to a piece of cardboard they will look very cunning4 ,or you can glue one mouse to a small card and use it for the top of a ,christmas pen-wiper4 ,english-,walnut ,shell ,thimble-,box ,a pretty way to give a small present at ,christmas or on a birthday is to put it into an ,english-walnut shell box4 ,a thimble fits in the box beautifully 7see ,fig4 #add74 ,open the shell of an ,english walnut in the way described 7,fig4 #aci74 ,cut away the inside partitions and1 with jeweller's cotton1 make a soft little bed in one-half of the shell4 ,press down the cotton in the middle to make a hollow1 and in this hollow fit the new thimble4 ,put a layer of cotton over the top of the thimble and tuck in the edges4 ,the way to close the box is to cover the edges of the other half-shell with glue and then fit it on the half that holds the thimble1 just as it was before you opened it4 ,now you have a whole nut again1 but the meat inside is very different from that which you took out4 ,you can gild the nutshell after the glue has hardened or leave it as it is4 ,its own brown color is pretty enough4 ,in either case you must have a piece of narrow ribbon to tie around the box and form a loop by which to hang it 7,fig4 #ade74 ,pass the ribbon under the small end of the nutshell1 then bring it up and tie it securely at the top of the large end4 ,the ribbon should not be over the seam but should pass across the middle of each half-shell4 ,it will then hold the two parts together and keep the glue from loosening4 ,after the ribbon is tied at the top of the nut1 make a long loop above it and tie again in a bow-knot4 ,,part ,,vi ,,vegetables ,,chapter ,,xxii ,,things ,,you ,,can ,,make ,,of ,,lima ,,beans ,illustration3 ,fig4#adf - ,the ,lima ,bean ,fish will swim4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#adg - ,the pod for the fish must be open at the bottom4 ,,vegetables are good to eat1 certainly1 and you know what they are like when cooked and on the dinner-table2 but many are also good to play with4 ,you can make fine toys of them1 toys that are entirely different from any you have ever seen4 ,here is the ,swimming ,fish ,made of a ,lima-,bean ,pod ,a fish that really swims1 not on top of the water but in it1 is the little fish 7,fig4 #adf74 ,you won't find that in a shop or anywhere else1 for ,i have only just discovered how to make it myself4 ,a paper tail and two paper fins must be added1 but that won't take five minutes when you know how to do it4 ,the tail and fins make it wonderfully lifelike1 for when the fish swims around in a big basin or dish-pan1 the tail sways this way and that1 the fins move back and forth exactly as they do on a living fish in a real lake or in the great ocean4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#adh - ,the fin of ,bean-pod ,fish4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#adi - ,tail of ,bean-pod ,fish4 ,choose a good1 firm bean-pod1 one as flat and even as you can find1 open it carefully along the straight edge and take out the beans4 ,save the beans1 for you can make something of them too4 ,do not let the pod close again after the beans are out4 ,it must be open about half an inch1 or maybe a little more1 at the middle4 ,you can widen the opening by pushing your finger in4 ,be careful not to split it along the upper edge4 ,it should be like ,fig4 #adg1 which shows the opening at the bottom4 ,with the small blade of a pocket-knife make a slit on each side of the pod at the large end where it is marked ,c in ,fig4 #adg4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aej - ,the ,lima ,bean ,man will stand4 ,these slits are to hold the fins4 ,directly on the curved edge of the small end of the pod1 at the place marked ,d1 cut another short slit4 ,don't let it reach the lower edge4 ,this is to hold the tail4 ,from writing-paper1 not the very heavy kind1 cut two fins like ,fig4 #adh4 ,double the paper and cut out both at once so that they may be exactly alike4 ,from the same kind of paper cut the tail like ,fig4 #adi4 ,all you have to do now is to push the sharp point of one paper fin into the slit on one side of the pod1 the other fin into the slit on the other side of the pod1 and the sharp point of the tail into the slit in the edge of the pod1 and there is your fish4 ,you see the fins and tail are not pasted on and they really seem a living part of the fish4 ,notice that the top of fins and tail are different from the bottom1 and be sure to have the top edge up when you put them in the slits4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aea - ,parts of ,lima ,bean ,man ,the way to make the lima-bean fish swim is to place it1 open edge down1 in a large basin of water2 then with a stick or spoon begin at the centre to stir the water gently and gradually round and round until it all moves faster and faster1 and keeps on moving after you stop stirring4 ,then your little green fish will swim4 ,round and round the basin he will go1 his tail waving and his fins moving so naturally you will shout with delight4 ,if at first the fish insists upon turning over on his side and floating about like a dead fish1 don't give him up4 ,he is only playing 'possum4 ,he can swim and he will if you are patient and keep setting him upright until he gains his balance and becomes used to the water4 ,remember to put the fish in the water1 not on top4 ,don't let the beans1 that you have taken out of the pod when making the fish1 get dry and hard4 ,they can be turned into a ,lima-,bean ,man ,three beans and several strong1 straight broom-straws you will need for making this comical little fellow1 who1 upright and independent1 stands squarely on his own feet4 ,that is a good thing for any one to do1 let alone a little bean man 7,fig4 #aej74 ,the beans should be of different sizes4 ,a large one for the body1 next in size for the feet and a smaller one for the head4 ,some beans have a little point that stands out on one edge and looks like a tiny nose1 while below it there is a round hollow that looks like a little open mouth4 ,that is the kind of bean to choose for the little man's head4 ,the broom-straw for ,mr4 ,bean's arms should be quite four inches long1 if he is to be four inches tall4 ,cut one end of this broom-straw slanting to a point like ,e in ,fig4 #aea1 and push the point through the upper part of the body bean and out far enough on the other side to make the arms of equal length2 then bend one arm up at the middle where the elbow should be1 and the other arm down as you see them in the drawing of the man 7,fig4 #aej74 ,the broom-straws for the legs must be two and a half inches long and cut pointed at both ends1 for one end of the leg is pushed into the lower part of the body bean and the other end into the half bean which is the foot4 ,split the foot bean in half to make two feet and push the leg straw into the rounded side4 ,the flat side is the bottom of the foot4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aeb - ,the beans are not taken out of the pod for the ,lima ,bean ,pig4 ,a short piece of broom-straw1 hardly an inch long1 is the neck4 ,cut this straw pointed at each end1 push one end into the top of the body bean and the other end into the lower part of the head bean4 ,use one-half of the outer skin1 that comes off the foot bean when you split it1 for a hat4 ,being curved like a rose-petal1 it fits the head very nicely1 but a drop of paste on the little man's head will make it more secure4 ,your lima-bean man may be a farmer and own ,a ,lima-,bean ,pig --a funny pig with fat sides and a turned-up snout 7,fig4 #aeb74 ,look over all your bean-pods that still have beans in them1 and select the one shaped most like ,fig4 #aec4 ,do not take the beans out of the pod2 they make the pig fat and solid4 ,the stem end forms the snout and the head4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aec - ,choose a bean-pod shaped like this for your pig4 ,cut four broom-straws about one and a half inches long for the legs4 ,sharpen each of these straws at one end and push the pointed end into the lower part of the body1 two on each side1 in the places shown by small rings on ,fig4 #aec4 ,from part of another bean-pod cut two ears like ,f1 ,fig4 #aed1 and pin them on the pig's head with a short straw as they are shown in the picture of the pig4 ,run the straw through one ear near the bottom1 through the head and then through the other ear on the other side of the head4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aed - ,make these of a bean-pod or of paper4 ,pull a narrow strip from the edge of a bean-pod for the tail 7,g1 ,fig4 #aed74 ,curl it by drawing it lightly over the blade of the scissors4 ,punch a small hole with the point of the scissors in the upper edge of the pig's back at the place marked by the arrow on ,fig4 #aec1 and push one end of the tail into the hole4 ,make small round dots with a pencil1 or pen and ink1 for the eyes4 ,the ears and tail may be made of paper if you find that easier to use4 ,,chapter ,,xxiii ,,sweet-,,potato ,,alligator ,,and ,,what ,,to ,,make ,,of ,a ,,radish ,,if you have ever seen an alligator1 a long-tailed sweet potato will make you think of one immediately4 ,fig4 #aee is a baby alligator with a sweet-potato body and paper head and legs4 ,it is just the size of the little alligators they sell for pets down in ,florida4 ,that is1 the alligator from which the drawing was made is the size of the live ones2 the drawing is1 of course1 smaller4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aee - ,the ,baby ,alligator made of a ,sweet ,potato4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aef - ,find a potato shaped like this for the alligator4 ,find a potato shaped like ,fig4 #aef4 ,cut a slit in the large end and two slits on each side where you see them in ,fig4 #aef4 ,when you make the side slits push your knife in with the blade slanting upward and backward for the front legs1 and slanting downward and backward for the back legs4 ,this will allow the paper legs to slide in without bending4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aeg - ,make the alligator's head like this4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aeh - ,cut two front legs by this pattern4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aei - ,make the two hind legs by this pattern4 ,use brown paper1 as near the color of the potato as you can get1 for the alligator's head and legs4 ,make the head like ,fig4 #aeg1 cutting along the heavy lines and bending along the dotted ones4 ,bend down the sides of the head and of the neck1 then bend the head first up1 then down1 to lift it above the neck 7,fig4 #aee47 ,the eyes of a baby alligator are large and prominent4 ,draw them on the head as you see them in ,fig4 #aeg4 ,that is as near as we can come to the real eyes4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#afj - ,the ,radish ,imp is a decorative little fellow4 ,cut out of the same paper used for the head two fore legs like ,fig4 #aeh1 and two hind legs like ,fig4 #aei4 ,slide the fore legs into the slits nearest the large end of the potato and the hind legs into the slits near the tail4 ,push the point of the paper neck into the slit at the large end of the potato4 ,that finishes the baby alligator1 which is wonderfully true to life4 ,what to ,make of a ,radish ,a crisp1 fresh1 clean radish is very tempting1 but don't eat it this time2 turn it into something else by the magic your ten fingers can work4 ,the ,radish ,imp ,fig4 #afj shows a round white radish which1 with its long1 slender root and leaves still on it1 has been changed into a queer little radish imp by using strong broom-straws to stiffen his leaf arms1 his leaf legs1 and his leaf body4 ,his eyes are bits of broom-straw1 his mouth is a slit with a broom-straw tongue1 and his absurd1 stand-out ears are also pieces of stout broom-straw4 ,the root growing out of the top of his head is like a ,chinaman's queue standing on end with little1 crinkly separate hairs at its base4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#afa - ,cut two broom-straws for the arms and two for the legs4 ,when you make your radish imp cut two broom-straws about four inches long for his arms2 point these at the ends4 ,cut two more strong broom-straws a little longer than the distance between the radish and the tips of the two longest leaves4 ,point these at both ends 7,fig4 #afa74 ,now choose two leaves of even length1 nearest the radish1 for the arms4 ,don't take them off but push a broom-straw through each leaf1 first in1 then out1 then push the other end of the straw into the thick part of the stems just under the radish4 ,look at ,fig4 #afj and see how this is done4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#afb - ,white ,mouse4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#afc - ,these belong to the mouse4 ,the leaves with the longest stems must be used for the legs4 ,if there are more than two long-stemmed leaves1 cut off all except those wanted for the legs4 ,bend the long1 stout broom-straws at one end1 as in ,fig4 #afa1 and push the other end up through the thick part of the stems and into the radish2 then with a piece of string or strong blade of grass tie the stems of the leaves to the straws1 as shown in ,fig4 #afj4 ,this forms a little belt at the waist-line4 ,leave a large leaf with short stem loose at the back for a cape and run the bent ends of the long straws in and out of the leaves intended for the feet4 ,cut a curved slit in the radish for a mouth and push in a small piece of broom-straw for a tongue1 then put in bits of straw for eyes1 nose1 and uplifted ears4 ,a ,white ,mouse ,you can make a most amusing little white mouse of a white radish2 not a round one like that used for the imp1 but egg-shaped1 like ,fig4 #afb4 ,the long root is the tail of the mouse and the other end of the radish is his head4 ,cut two paper ears like ,h1 ,fig4 #afc4 ,make two slits in the head and slip the pointed ends of the ears into the slits4 ,for whiskers 7all mice have whiskers7 find two sprays of fine branching broom-straws 7,i1 ,fig4 #afc71 cut them the proper length1 and push a spray into the head on each side of the nose4 ,put bits of broom-straw in for eyes and then cut four thick straws like ,j1 ,fig4 #afc1 and push the pointed ends slantingly in the lower part of the radish for the feet of the mouse4 ,his legs are not seen because he is crouching4 ,the drawing of the mouse shows where to put the feet4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv ,,green-,,pea ,,toys ,,and ,a ,,green-,,pea ,,design ,,press your thumb on the rounded edge of a fresh1 fat green pea-pod1 and1 pop6 it goes splitting open at the top4 ,then push your thumb into the opening1 run it down the pod and the two halves separate1 showing a row of fine1 large peas that look like great green pearls in a soft1 silk-lined case made expressly for them4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#afd - ,the ,green ,pea ,greenies1 cousins of the ,brownies4 ,you have done this ever so many times when helping mother1 haven't you8 ,and you know that the next thing to do when the pod is open is to run that same little thumb down again and scoop out all those round green peas1 letting them fall with a patter into the pan in your lap4 ,now as a reward for such helpfulness suppose you ask mother or the cook to give you a good big handful of peas which have not been shelled1 and ask also for some wooden toothpicks such as are used in the kitchen for fastening meat together2 or a number of nice1 straight1 strong broom-straws if there are no wooden toothpicks4 ,take all these out on the porch if the day is fine and sit down comfortably to make the remarkable things which ,i am going to tell you how to make4 ,it is a good plan to have a box and its cover to hold the shelled peas and their pods1 but it does not really matter except that the round peas are apt to roll away and get lost if you put them in your lap4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#afe - ,parts of the ,greeny ,girl and how to put them together4 ,the ,greeny ,girl ,the little green-pea greenies1 cousins of the brownies1 shown in the illustration are funny1 aren't they8 ,but the drawing is not as funny as the real greenies1 and you can make them in all sorts of absurd positions4 ,two little men and a widely smiling greeny girl are given here 7,fig4 #afd74 ,the large green peas that come late in the season are used to make these little people4 ,in fact1 it is only the large peas that can be used for any of the things described4 ,fig4 #afe shows how the greeny girl is put together4 ,her arms1 legs1 and neck are made of broom-straws4 ,her body and head are green peas4 ,her dress is one end of a pea-pod and her feet are bits of a pea-pod cut the shape you see in ,fig4 #afe4 ,first cut short pieces of broom-straws for the legs and point them at both ends so that they will be easy to push into the peas and pods4 ,cut another piece the same length1 pointed at the top end for the support4 ,push the legs and support into the large pea used for the body as you see them in ,fig4 #afe4 ,now cut another piece of broom-straw pointed at both ends for the neck and push one end into the pea you have selected for the head4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aff - ,begin the tent in this way4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#afg - ,the ,greenies' ,pea-pod tent4 ,cut off the stem of a large pea-pod1 leaving the little leaves at the top1 which were the calyx of the pea-blossom1 for a collar1 and then cut the pea-pod dress the proper length to fit the little woman4 ,when that is done put the dress on over the headless body and push the lower end of the broom-straw neck in at the top1 down through the collar1 and into the pea which forms the body4 ,with a pin make a hole on each side just under the collar and push a broom-straw arm in each of the armholes you have made4 ,bend one straw in the middle1 as in ,fig4 #afe1 to give the bent elbow4 ,last of all cut two three-cornered feet like the one in ,fig4 #afe from a pea-pod and push a foot on the end of each leg4 ,turn the toes in and the little figure will look very comical4 ,to give her a face1 dip a pen in black ink and make two round eyes in the head1 a round nose1 and a wide mouth turned up at the corners4 ,the pen must be pushed through the skin of the pea to do this4 ,when the greeny girl stands up1 her dress hides the support at the back so that it cannot always be seen1 and she looks as if she stood on her two feet just as you stand on yours4 ,the ,greeny ,men ,the illustration 7,fig4 #afd7 shows how the greeny men are put together4 ,the little dancing fellow must have two supports because one foot is lifted4 ,the tiny ridiculous cap on the head of the other man is the little cap that holds the pea to the pod and sometimes clings to the pea after it is shelled4 ,pea-,pod ,tents ,the greenies' little tents are made of pea-pods and it takes three pods for each tent4 ,after you have taken out the peas split the pods up along the back edge1 but leave the two halves fastened together at the stem4 ,stand up two pods by pushing the stem end of one pod between the two halves at the top of the other1 as they are shown in ,fig4 #aff4 ,then separate the halves of the third and longest pod and place it astride the first two 7,fig4 #afg74 ,this will make quite a strong tent1 and1 if you like1 you can have a whole camp of them4 ,the ,green-,pea ,house ,the greenies need not always live in tents4 ,like other people1 they can have houses as well4 ,it is best to use the wooden toothpicks in making the house4 ,they are stronger than broom-straws and all the same length4 ,begin by putting the front of the house together4 ,make the peak first4 ,choose a large pea1 push the end of a toothpick into it1 then not far from that push in the end of another toothpick slantingly so that the lower ends will be separated as you see them in ,fig4 #afh4 ,on each of these lower ends stick a pea like ,fig4 #afi4 ,that is the peak for the roof4 ,now make a long upright for each side by using a pea to join two sticks 7,fig4 #agj71 and push the upper end of each upright into the peas at the lower ends of the peak 7,fig4 #aga74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#afh - ,begin the peak in this way4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#afi - ,stick a pea on the lower ends of each toothpick to finish the peak4 ,shorten two toothpicks by breaking half an inch off each of them1 then join them as you did the uprights by pushing one end of each stick into a large pea 7,fig4 #agb74 ,this is the front joist or crosspiece of the upper floor of the house1 and you must fit it in between the two uprights of the front by pushing the ends of the crosspiece into the peas at the middle of the uprights 7,fig4 #agc74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#agj - ,the long upright4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aga - ,add the uprights to the peak4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#agb - ,this is the front joist4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#agc - ,fit the joist in between the two uprights4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#agd - ,the back of the house4 ,the back of the house is made in the same way with a third upright added which runs down through the middle from the point of the peak to the bottom of the house4 ,this third upright is made by shortening two toothpicks and joining them with a pea1 then fitting them in between the pea at the top of the peak and the pea at the middle of the crosspiece4 ,a whole toothpick with the upper end pushed into the lower part of the pea at the middle of the crosspiece finishes the long upright 7,fig4 #agd74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#agf - ,the ,greenies' little house4 ,when the front and back are made all there is to do to finish the frame of the house is to put in the crosspieces to hold them together4 ,fig4 #age shows all these crosspieces or joists4 ,one crosspiece between the two peas at the top of the front and back peaks for the ridge-pole 7,k1 ,fig4 #age71 one on each side between the peas at the bottom of the peaks 7,l and ,m71 one at each side between the peas at the ends of the front and back crosspieces 7,n1 ,o71 and one between the two peas at the middle of the front and back crosspieces 7,p74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#agg - ,the first bar of the fence4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#age - ,this is the frame of the house4 ,now you have the frame of a two-storied house or a house with only an upper story1 but it needs a roof and a floor4 ,split some of your pea-pods in half and lay one at a time across the ridge-pole at the top and the crosspiece at the bottom of the peak4 ,put half of a pod on one side of the peak1 half a pod on the other side of the peak1 then another half pod on the first side1 and the next one on the second side1 and so on until the space is covered and the house is roofed in4 ,the stem ends of the pods must be up4 ,the stems lock together and hold the roof in place4 ,make the loosely laid floor also of the split pea-pods1 putting them across from front to back4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#agh - ,push in two uprights4 ,your little house 7,fig4 #agf7 now looks like those which strange people in far-away1 hot countries build for themselves4 ,they have no lower story or what we call a first floor1 but are lifted on posts far above the sometimes very damp ground1 and out of reach of any wild animals that may be prowling around4 ,the ,fence ,you can make a fence to put around the house in this way3 ,push a large pea on each end of a whole toothpick like ,fig4 #agg1 then break a toothpick exactly in half1 stick one end of each half into the lower parts of the peas to form uprights1 and push the lower end of each of these uprights into another pea as shown in ,fig4 #agh4 ,for the slanting crosspiece stick one end of another toothpick into the upper pea at the left-hand side1 and the other end into the lower pea at the right-hand side 7,fig4 #agi74 ,add a toothpick between the two lower peas1 and one section of the fence is finished 7,fig4 #ahj74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#agi - ,put in a slanting crosspiece4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ahj - ,the finished section and the way to begin a new section of the fence4 ,begin another section by sticking one end of a toothpick into a new pea and the other end into the upper pea at the left side of the section you have just finished 7,fig4 #ahj71 then put in half a toothpick for the upright1 a pea on the bottom of that1 a whole toothpick for the slanting crosspiece1 and another whole toothpick for the bottom4 ,in this way you can keep on adding section after section and make your fence any length4 ,to turn a corner all you have to do is to push the toothpicks which form the upper and lower crosspieces of a new section in at the back of the top and bottom peas of an end section of the fence4 ,the ,tropical ,plant ,you will notice that in the illustration there is a plant growing at the side of the house which looks something like a cactus and adds to the tropical1 or hot-country look of the little greeny people's home4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aha - ,draw curves like these for the design4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ahb - ,the ,green ,pea design4 ,seven half pea-pods are used to make this plant1 four to stand up and three to lie down flat4 ,wrap and tie the stem ends of the four half pods together with a bit of string4 ,push a toothpick for a flower-stem through the middle of the bunch4 ,cut away the stem of a pea-pod1 then cut off the calyx1 or circle of little leaves1 with the knob below attached4 ,this is to be the blossom of the strange plant4 ,stick the flower on its toothpick stem1 knob down1 as you see it in the picture4 ,to make the plant stand firmly lay the three extra half pods down flat with the stem ends one on top of the other and the outer ends at equal distances apart1 and force the toothpick flower-stem through the pods where they cross4 ,these three flat pods make a base which holds the rest of the plant upright1 while they look as if they were a part of it4 ,a ,pretty ,design of ,green ,peas ,this is not a toy1 but you will like to make it just the same1 and afterward1 perhaps1 you will want to try another design all by yourself4 ,if you can draw at all1 with a soft pencil make some curves on a piece of white paper like ,fig4 #aha1 only ever so much larger1 then a straight line up from the centre4 ,the distance between the two largest curves at their widest part should be about eight inches4 ,if you cannot draw these curves1 ask some older person to do it for you4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ahc - ,do not open the pods wide4 ,lay your paper with the pattern drawn on it flat on the table before you1 shell some peas and carefully place them on the pencil lines of the curves4 ,begin with the largest peas at the centre of the design and finish with the smallest at the ends of the curves4 ,fig4 #ahb shows how this is done4 ,put the first pea on the curve at the place shown by the arrow in ,fig4 #aha4 ,you won't be able to keep the peas in place unless you stick them to the paper with paste4 ,hold the tube of paste in your left hand1 squeeze out a very little1 take it off the tube with one of the peas and push the pea1 paste side down1 onto the paper where it belongs4 ,when the peas are all placed on the curves open two pea-pods as you did for the greenies' tent1 slide one pod between the two halves of the other1 and with a little paste on the stem ends and the tips1 fasten them in the middle above the curves of peas as they are shown in ,fig4 #ahb4 ,the two halves of each pod are not opened wide but are like ,fig4 #ahc4 ,above the pods1 on the straight1 upright line1 place four more peas1 beginning at the bottom with a large pea and ending with one much smaller4 ,the success of this design will depend upon making one side just like the other and in keeping it equally balanced4 ,that is1 one side must not sag down below the other and the pods at the top must fit exactly on the line1 half on one side1 half on the other4 ,the peas1 you see1 do not touch each other1 but are separated by little spaces1 and the spaces are all of the same length4 ,,chapter ,,xxv ,,corn-,,husks ,,and ,,corn-,,cobs ,how to ,make ,american ,history ,seem ,real--,our ,first ,thanksgiving ,,let us play that we are really celebrating ,america's first ,thanksgiving6 ,you can see one of our long1 rude puncheon tables spread out in the mild1 sweet air of ,indian summer1 laden with delectable dishes of clam chowder1 oysters1 fish1 turkey1 duck1 goose1 venison pasties1 turnips1 dumplings of barley flour1 corn bread1 wheat cakes1 pumpkin pies1 grapes1 plums1 great flagons of cider1 and all manner of tasty eats4 ,william ,bradford1 our good governor1 with his old flintlock in hand1 is just returning from a successful hunt for additional wild turkey4 ,we shall need these1 as ninety friendly ,indians are to be our guests for three days and nights4 ,later they1 too1 will hunt and bring us wild deer4 ,elder ,brewster1 in his festive doublet and hose1 has stopped a moment to speak to ,master ,bradford4 ,sitting at table1 you can see ,captain ,miles ,standish with arms outstretched in glad welcome as he calls more ,indians to join the feast1 while ,massasoit1 the mighty chief1 stands at the table signalling with his arrow for the braves to approach4 ,already ,quadquina and ,hobomok are at the festive board1 seated between ,captain ,miles ,standish and ,john ,alden4 ,squanto1 who tells the boys how to trap game and teaches settlers how to plant corn1 is resting on the ground with his feather-bedecked shield in one hand1 and the calumet1 or pipe of peace1 in the other4 ,illustration3 ,the ,first ,american ,thanksgiving ,dinner in the year #afba4 ,now winsome ,priscilla ,alden comes1 bearing on a pewter platter one of her savory hot baked turkeys1 and her friend1 ,mary ,chilton1 is watching the delicious stew which simmers in the big iron pot over the outdoor fire4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ahd - ,begin to make the pioneer in this way4 ,mistress ,brewster1 on her way to cut pumpkin pie1 must needs stay her steps a moment to give ear to ,governor ,bradford's remarks1 and ,desire ,minter is hurrying forward1 ahead of the other young women1 to serve the men at the feast4 ,all this would be told you by one of the little corn-husk pioneers shown in the photograph if only they could speak4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ahe - ,fold the husks across the centre4 ,at all events1 they can stand alone4 ,they can be made to sit down1 too1 and their arms can be bent in any position4 ,you may lift and place them in various parts of the grounds at pleasure4 ,you might even imagine them to be the real characters they represent1 and so live over again that ,thanksgiving of #afba4 ,the making of these little people is most interesting4 ,use the rather soft between-layers of corn-husks2 about two husks for each pioneer4 ,if the husks seem brittle1 soak them in water and make them pliable4 ,lay one husk partially over the top of the other 7,fig4 #ahd71 bend them across the centre 7,fig4 #ahe71 and let the smoothest side be the front of the doll4 ,fold each side of the front to the back until the front somewhat resembles ,fig4 #ahf2 then wind slender1 soft string around to form the neck and head of the doll4 ,wind another soft string around lower down for the belt-line 7,fig4 #ahg74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ahf - ,the head and neck are made4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ahg - ,wind the waist with string4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ahh - ,arms for the pioneer4 ,make the arms of soft corn-husk 7,fig4 #ahh7 by turning the lengthwise edges of the husk inward again and again1 until the roll is of the desired size4 ,cut off the ends evenly and wind the arms with string at the centre and near each end4 ,run the small blade of a penknife through the shoulders of the doll from side to side4 ,turn the blade flat side uppermost and allow it to remain in this position while you slide in the arms and screw them through the opening1 pushing them along on top of the flat side of the blade4 ,when in place1 withdraw the knife and your little woman will be ready for her costume4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#ahi - ,the pioneer is ready for his costume4 ,to make the man1 cut ,fig4 #ahg up from the bottom to within a short distance of the belt1 thus dividing the husk skirts into two equal parts4 ,wind each half with string at the top1 middle1 and near the end to form the legs 7,fig4 #ahi74 ,use black tissue-paper for the loose knee-trousers4 ,cut ,illustration3 ,fig4#aij - ,first leg of the trousers4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aia - ,the trousers are pushed into shape and coat is ready for its belt4 two strips of the paper1 fit one strip over a leg 7,fig4 #aij71 push the paper up on the inside until it resembles ,fig4 #aia1 then fasten in place with strong paste4 ,make the other trouser leg in the same way 7,fig4 #aia74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aib - ,pattern of pioneer's collar4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aic - ,make the hair of paper fringe4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aid - ,crown of pioneer hat4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aie - ,glue the hat crown on the man's head4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aif - ,how to slash the hat brim4 ,cut the coat from a folded piece of dull-green tissue-paper1 and just at the neck make a hole large enough for the man's head to slip through 7,fig4 #aia74 ,paste the front edges of the sleeves over the back edges and lay the front edges of the coat over those of the back4 ,fit the coat in at the belt-line with your fingers4 ,cut a black belt of tissue-paper1 fold it lengthwise1 and belt in the fulness of the coat1 then paste the belt ends together4 ,be careful to make the belt loose1 for men's waists are large4 ,make the collar 7,fig4 #aib7 of white paper and fasten it around the man's neck with a drop of paste in front4 ,from black1 brown1 or drab-yellow tissue-paper cut a strip of fine fringe and paste it on the man's head for hair 7,fig4 #aic74 ,then make his hat4 ,to do this1 roll a small square of stiff black paper into a cornucopia to fit the man's head1 paste the edges together1 and trim off the corner which hangs down at the bottom 7,fig4 #aid74 ,glue the hat-crown on the man's head1 cut off the sharp top peak1 and tilt the crown back a little 7,fig4 #aie74 ,now cut a disk of the black paper for the hat-brim1 slash it across the centre into four points 7,fig4 #aif71 but only just far enough to make the opening fit over the hat-crown4 ,slide the brim on the crown1 allowing the slashed central points to lie up against it1 and fasten them there with paste 7,fig4 #aig74 ,glue the pioneer's feet into holes cut part-way through a small piece of the corrugated flat pasteboard used for packing purposes4 ,in this way the little man becomes independent and able to stand alone 7,fig4 #aig74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aig - ,the pioneer is fully dressed and wearing his hat4 ,the corn-husk women also wear tissue-paper clothes4 ,the waists are made in the same manner as the men's coats1 only shorter and confined at the belt-line with paste4 ,straight dress skirts are slipped over the waists1 and held in place at the belt by winding string around the pinched-up gathers4 ,long1 severely plain white aprons1 minus strings1 are pasted to the waist-line1 and white-bordered black caps and large white three-cornered neckerchiefs complete the costume4 ,the cap is a straight piece of black tissue-paper with a narrow strip of white folded over the front edge4 ,when ready1 the white-bordered black strip is laid over the head1 smoothly brought down on the sides1 puckered together at the back and tied around the neck with a string4 ,you have only to clip loose the outside layer of white close to the string at the neck-line to give the flare to the cap's white border4 ,the crisp dress skirt forms sufficient support to enable the little women to stand alone4 ,with the exception of ,squanto1 whose manly chest1 back1 and arms have no covering1 the ,indians wear suits of tan tissue-paper made on the same principle as the white men's costume1 only the trouser-legs are narrow1 long1 and have the seam cut in fringe and run up on the outside4 ,the bottom edge of the coat and the sleeve seams are also fringed4 ,the coat is not wide and no belt is worn4 ,pieces of colored tissue-paper adjusted blanket fashion over the ,indians1 and fastened here and there with bits of paste to hold them in place1 form the ,indian blankets4 ,the ,indians' hair is merely a strip of black tissue-paper pasted over the top1 back1 and sides of the head with the ends loosely twisted and allowed to hang down in front on either side4 ,illustration3 ,governor ,bradford1 ,priscilla1 ,chief ,massasoit and ,elder ,brewster4 ,made of corn-husks4 ,the war-bonnet is cut from a strip of white writing-paper1 the tips of the feathers are inked1 and one end of the strip is then pasted around ,massasoit's head1 as shown in the picture4 ,it is best to make a number of corn-husk people at one time4 ,put the two husks together for each pioneer and ,indian1 then wind a string around the neck of each to form the head 7,fig4 #ahf74 ,again tie a string around each at the belt-line 7,fig4 #ahg74 ,continue making the people in this way1 step by step1 until all are finished at the same time4 ,have ready as many arms as you have people1 and run the arms through each1 one after another4 ,when bending the arms or legs of the little people do it slowly and gently4 ,if they are inclined to spring back1 tie them in position overnight and they will stay bent4 ,when dressing the dolls1 cut out all the men's collars at one time4 ,you can do this by cutting through as many layers of paper as there are men4 ,adopt the same plan with the other parts of clothing for the men1 women1 and ,indians1 and your work will be rapid4 ,with ink draw features on all4 ,the women must have ink hair1 parted in the middle4 ,remember when making ,miles ,standish to cut his hair of red paper1 for he had auburn hair4 ,the sad colors worn by the pioneers were really the cheerful autumn hues1 rich1 dull reds1 greens1 browns1 and yellows4 ,these will give you quite a variety of colors for the costumes of both men and women4 ,make the puncheon table of a flat1 narrow piece of wood4 ,with a gimlet bore holes through the board1 slanting them toward the centre1 one hole near each corner4 ,any kind of round sticks will do for the legs4 ,cut them all of the same length and glue one in each hole4 ,illustration3 ,pioneer puncheon table spread for ,america's ,first ,thanksgiving ,dinner4 ,the pewter dishes are made from one of the collapsible lead tubes used for oil-paints and various other things4 ,cut open the empty tube and smooth it out flat1 then cut out round pieces for plates1 mould the plates over the tops of wooden spools1 and the flagons over a pen-handle or other round stick4 ,make the flagon-handles of slender strips of the tube bent into rings1 and slip one end of the strip over the edge of the flagon4 ,a piece of yellow paper pasted over the cover of a very small baking-powder can makes a pumpkin pie4 ,the turkey is merely pinched-up paper with brown tissue-paper laid smoothly over the breast4 ,its wings and legs are of bits of lighter-colored paper rolled and bent into shape1 then pasted on the turkey4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aih - ,corn-cob log for pioneer log cabin with notches cut and marked4 ,fresh1 green1 uncooked corn-cobs from which the corn has been cut and scraped make delightful pioneer log-houses4 ,cooked cobs are too hard to cut4 ,choose slender cobs1 long ones for the front and back of the house1 shorter ones for the sides4 ,cut a notch1 or saw it1 if the cobs are dry and hard1 on the tops of the ends of each of the two foundation logs 7,fig4 #aih74 ,cut a notch on both top and bottom of each remaining log as indicated by the black lines in ,fig4 #aih4 ,always make a larger notch in the small end of the cob than in the large end1 so that the large end of another cob may fit in it2 for1 when building1 it is necessary to place small ends and large ends together1 and never two large ends or two small ends1 or the house will be unevenly balanced4 ,lay the two foundation cobs down parallel to each other and a short distance apart2 then bridge across the ends with shorter cobs1 fitting the notches into each other4 ,continue building in this log-cabin fashion until the house is of sufficient height4 ,on the front of the house draw two straight lines down across the cobs1 one for each side of the doorway4 ,then take your house apart and cut the doorway out from the marked cobs4 ,rebuild the house1 gluing layer upon layer4 ,make the doorway jambs of straight pieces of corn-stalk1 and glue them on each side of the open doorway4 ,illustration3 ,pioneer log cabin made of corn-cobs4 ,before the roof can be added1 corn-cobs1 graduated in length and without notches1 must be laid at each end of the house to support the roof and give it its gable ends4 ,these graduated cobs are the trap-logs4 ,they rest upon long strips of corn-stalk1 called ribs1 which are placed across from one end of the house to the other4 ,build the roof log-cabin fashion as you built the body of the house1 laying a rib between the ends of each layer of graduated cobs1 and as you build1 fasten the parts together with glue4 ,cut enough clapboards of corn-stalk to cover both sides of the roof4 ,make them all of the same length and long enough to reach from the top of the roof to a trifle beyond its lower edge4 ,the clapboards must be held down by means of weight-poles laid across1 and to keep the weight-poles from rolling off use pegs called knees4 ,make the knee-pegs of corn-stalk4 ,cut a hole near both ends of four of the clapboards and glue in pegs1 slanting them upward4 ,you will then have two pegged clapboards for the front of the roof and two for the back4 ,place them near the ends of the roof and glue all the clapboards in place4 ,cut four slender lengths of corn-stalk for weight-poles1 and lay them across the roof1 resting against the knee-pegs4 ,glue them to the roof only where they buck the knee-pegs4 ,when finished1 set the house aside until the glue is entirely dry4 ,it may then be moved4 ,corn-tassels standing in empty spools make fine trees4 ,it is fitting that the story of our country's first ,thanksgiving should be retold this year by means of corn4 ,you remember1 of course1 that friendly ,indians showed the pioneers how to plant and cultivate corn1 which1 to them1 was a new grain4 ,later1 when a wonderful harvest had been gathered1 our forefathers decided to set aside a day to thank ,god for ,his goodness4 ,that was the first ,thanksgiving4 ,,part ,,vii ,,fruit ,,chapter ,,xxvi ,,the ,,funny ,,orange ,,head ,,you will hardly believe it is only an ordinary1 everyday orange when you have made it into the head that ,i am going to tell you about4 ,select a small1 firm1 perfect orange and with a pencil mark features on it1 first the eyes like ,fig4 #aii4 ,carefully cut out the little spaces of skin between the lines1 then mark the nose 7,fig4 #bjj72 cut this and mark the mouth 7,fig4 #bja72 cut this and at each side of the head draw the ears like ,fig4 #bjb4 ,you will see that the line of the ear does not continue all the way around2 that means that you are simply to run your knife along the line1 cutting through the skin so that the ears may be lifted up and peeled forward to stand out from the head2 the front part remains attached 7,fig4 #bjc74 ,make the neck of a slender1 strong1 round stick sharpened to a point at one end4 ,push the point up into the under part of the orange1 where the neck should be1 by twisting the stick around as it goes in 7,fig4 #bjd74 ,the orange is the head1 but your hand and fingers are to be the body and arms to go with it4 ,look at ,fig4 #bjd4 ,that will show you how to hold the stick firmly and at the same time leave your first finger and thumb free to use as arms4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#aii - ,eyes marked on orange head4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bjj - ,eyes cut1 nose marked4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bjb - ,ear marked1 ready to cut and peel forward4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bja - ,nose cut1 mouth marked4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bjc - ,mouth cut1 ears cut and peeled forward4 ,pin a handkerchief1 or other soft cloth1 around ,mr4 ,orange's neck1 bring it around to cover your hand and then pretend he is talking while you move his arms and say as many funny things as you can think of4 ,by moving the stick while you hold it in your hand1 you can make the orange head turn in various ways 7,figs4 #bje and #bjf71 and a little paper hat fitted on it will make it still funnier 7,fig4 #bjg74 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bjd - ,hold the orange this way4 ,the orange need not always be a man4 ,you can play it is a little girl and make a cunning little wreath of flowers for her small head2 or pretend it is a baby and have it wear a baby's cap made of paper4 ,if you want to turn it into a young lady1 pierce the ears and fit in earrings made of violets4 ,you do this simply by threading the flower-stems through the holes you have pierced1 and drawing the blossoms up close to them4 ,then1 you can make believe the orange is an old man and put a pipe in his mouth4 ,make the pipe of an acorn with a twig for the stem4 ,if you want the baby to cry1 squeeze the orange a little and tears of orange-juice will roll from its eyes and stream down its face4 ,little holes must first be punctured in the eyes to let the tears run out4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bje - ,now ,i'll tell you a funny story4 ,things ,you ,can ,make of ,orange-,skins ,a ,,toy ,,japanese ,,stool ,the soft1 golden orange-skin1 lined with silvery white1 is fine material for moulding and making into different kinds of things to play with4 ,bring your orange and we will begin by making a toy stool for your doll-house 7,fig4 #bjh74 ,it will look very much like the real stools which the ,japanese make for real people to sit on1 though nothing is used for it but the orange-skin4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bjf - ,can't remember what ,i was going to say4 ,first cut the orange across from side to side1 making two halves1 and after you have taken out the pieces of juicy fruit and enjoyed eating them1 examine the two pretty yellow orange-skin bowls that are left4 ,see how soft and pliable they are4 ,now take one of the bowls and pinch the edges of two opposite sides toward each other2 hold them steady while1 with your other hand1 you pinch the other two sides toward each other4 ,hold all four sides bent inward for a moment1 then let go of them and the sides will stay bent while you wind string across1 first one way then the other1 between the curved stool legs you have just made by bending the sides of the bowl inward4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bjg - ,what a joke4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bjh - ,japanese stool made of half an ,orange peel4 ,set the stool away to dry and stiffen into shape2 then1 when it has become hard1 take off the string and you will have a little ,japanese stool quite as strong as if made of wood4 ,a ,,candy-,,box ,a candy-box can be made in the same way of the other half of the orange-skin1 but you must curve the sides in only a little for this2 not nearly as much as for the stool4 ,stand the candy-box1 with open part up1 ready to be filled with candy4 ,a ,,basket ,an orange-skin basket is a substantial little affair when finished1 and will hold almost anything you want to put in it4 ,it looks like ,fig4 #bji4 ,for this you will again need half of an orange-skin4 ,bend in two opposite sides after first cutting a short slit in each side near the edge4 ,make the handle of strong paper1 cutting it like ,fig4 #baj1 with a tongue at each end4 ,bend over the two side points of each tongue1 and slide one tongue through the slit in one side of the basket1 the other tongue through the slit in the other side1 then open out the points again and they will make secure fastenings for the handle4 ,you will see from the illustration that the tongues are put through the basket from the inside and show on the outside4 ,before setting away to dry1 tie a string around the bent-in sides of the basket1 and stuff the open part with crushed paper to keep it in shape4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bji - ,half of ,orange skin used for a basket4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#baj - ,make the handle of paper4 ,,orange-,,skin ,,bowls ,when you have another orange save the two halves of the skin1 pack each full of crumpled1 clean1 blank paper1 flatten the bottom of the bowls so that they will stand firmly1 then set them away to dry4 ,if you do all this carefully the bowls will harden in good shape and you can use them to eat and to drink from4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#baa - ,a little summer house made of half of an ,orange skin4 ,other ,things ,made of ,orange-,skins ,cunning little toy summer-houses may be made from an orange-skin in a moment's time 7,fig4 #baa74 ,take half of an orange-skin and stick the sharp ends of four wooden toothpicks into the edge of its rim4 ,place the toothpicks upright1 at equal distances apart1 and they will form the pillars to support the golden1 dome-shaped roof4 ,stand the little summer-house on the table1 and you will think it charming4 ,by slicing an orange you can have a number of little1 yellow hoops for your dolls1 made of the rind around each slice4 ,when the hoops are carefully dried in perfect circles1 you can roll them on top of a table or on the floor1 and play the dolls are having great fun racing with their orange-skin hoops4 ,,chapter ,,xxvii ,,apples ,,and ,,apple ,,fun ,,when the apple-trees are in bloom1 stand under one and look up through the wonderful tent of flowers at the little bits of blue sky peeping down at you between the blossoms4 ,isn't it delightful to see so many1 many apple-blossoms all at once8 ,how beautiful they are and how sweet they smell6 ,now1 pick one little blossom and examine it carefully4 ,count the pretty pink-and-white petals4 ,five petals8 ,yes4 ,look again1 see how they grow from the centre and notice their shape4 ,be very particular1 so that you will remember exactly how the blossom looks2 make sure you know1 for ,i am going to tell you about the flower you can find inside the big1 ripe apple after all the other apple-blossoms are gone4 ,apple-,blossom in ,apple ,cut the apple into thin slices from side to side through the core4 ,take one of the slices from near the middle of the apple and hold it up to the light1 so that the light will shine through it1 then look carefully and you will see in the centre a perfect pattern of the apple-blossom you gathered from the tree 7,fig4 #bab74 ,apple-seeds form the centre of the flower4 ,the petals1 five in number1 are of the flesh of the fruit4 ,they are of the same shape and size as the real blossom4 ,isn't it wonderful8 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bab - ,apple blossom inside of the fruit4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bac - ,design begun on apple slice4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bad - ,design pierced through apple slice4 ,now1 take the seeds from their hard1 glossy cases1 again hold the slice up to the light and lo1 in the centre of the slice1 you will find a five-pointed star which twinkles as the light shines through4 ,you can add to this and make a pretty1 shining pattern in this way3 ,take a wooden toothpick1 and with its pointed end pierce little holes all along the edge of the flower pattern2 then make a loop of little holes above one of the petals 7,q1 ,fig4 #bac71 and still another above that one 7,r1 ,fig4 #bac74 ,pierce the edges of all the petals and make the same kind of double loops above them also1 then the design will be like ,fig4 #bad4 ,hold it up to the light1 turn it this way and that and your slice of apple will look as if spangled with glittering diamonds4 ,fig4 #bae shows a wheel design which you can make of another slice4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bae - ,another design on apple slice4 ,apple ,candle in its ,candlestick ,when ,i was a little girl ,i used to make apple candles that stood up in their own candlesticks4 ,i always ate the fresh1 juicy slices as ,i cut them off4 ,fig4 #baf shows how the candles look when finished4 ,the stem is the wick1 and as it is usually dark at the end1 it is a very good imitation of a candlewick that is partially burnt4 ,the dotted lines on ,fig4 #bag show how to cut away the apple to leave the candle and its holder4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#baf - ,apple candle ready for table4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bag - ,cut away apple leaving candle in candle-stick4 ,first cut off a slice at the blossom end1 so that the candle-stick will stand without tipping4 ,the dotted line at the bottom of ,fig4 #bag indicates where this cut is to be made4 ,then run your knife around the apple without cutting all the way through to the core1 where you see the middle dotted line on ,fig4 #bag4 ,after that1 begin at the sides and gradually shave down the upper part little by little1 being careful not to cut below the slit you have made around the apple4 ,when the middle part standing up around the core is the size of a real candle it is time to stop cutting4 ,because of the core inside you cannot make your candle very slender1 but you can cut off the sharp edges and make it round4 ,a ,roasted ,apple ,another thing ,i used to love to do with my apple when ,i was a little girl was to tie a long string to the stem and hang it before an open fire to roast4 ,i think you will enjoy it too4 ,tie one end of the string securely to the stem of your apple1 and don't break the stem off in doing it 7,fig4 #bah72 then tie the other end to something heavy on the mantel-shelf that will hold it securely4 ,the apple should hang in front of a grate of glowing coals1 or near the red-hot coals of a wood-fire4 ,illustration3 ,fig4#bah - ,roast your apple this way4 ,as soon as cooking begins1 twist the string and make the apple spin round and round so that it may be roasted evenly on all sides2 it is fun to do that4 ,when the juice begins to run and drop from the apple1 set a saucer under to catch the hot1 sweet syrup4 ,it is good poured over the apple when that is thoroughly cooked4 ,add sugar to the juice while it is hot if it is not sweet enough4 ,the ,spice ,apple ,in ,new ,england1 many years ago1 there was always to be found in every household at least one spice apple4 ,it sounds good to eat1 doesn't it8 ,but they were not made for eating1 they were used for sweet-smelling ornaments1 and for keeping away moths and other troublesome insects4 ,perhaps you will like to make a spice apple to give away2 it will be a pretty and very sweet gift and will last for years4 ,choose a small1 perfectly sound apple and have ready a lot of cloves4 ,stick the cloves into the apple as you would stick pins into a cushion1 only the cloves must be put in very close together1 touching each other and making the apple look like a large1 prickly1 brown nut4 ,that is all1 unless you want to hang the apple up4 ,in that case run a wooden toothpick through one raised side at the top1 across the little hollow where the stem grows1 and out through the raised side opposite1 after first breaking off the stem4 ,cross this toothpick with another pushed through the apple and also bridging the hollow4 ,this will make a low handle in the form of a cross4 ,at the middle1 where the toothpicks touch1 tie a bright ribbon1 leaving a loop by which to hang it4 ,other ,things to ,make of an ,apple ,when an apple is cut across into round slices1 you can make a doll's table of the largest slice by using four wooden toothpicks for legs1 pushing them into the apple at equal distances apart4 ,half of a slice1 with halves of toothpicks for legs1 makes a very suitable seat for this remarkable table4 ,if you cut a thick flat slice from a small apple you can make it into a top that will spin by pushing a toothpick through the centre1 leaving a long end on one side and a shorter end on the other4 ,the short end is the peg upon which the top spins4 ,take the long1 upper end of the toothpick between your thumb and first finger1 give it a hard1 quick twist and drop the top on a table having a hard1 smooth finish1 where it will spin merrily4 ,the little fruit-top will not spin on a carpet or any rough1 uneven surface4 ,,the ,,beard ,,books ,,for ,,girls ,by ,,lina ,,beard and ,,adelia ,b4 ,,beard ,handicraft and ,recreation for ,girls ,with over #gjj illustrations by the ,authors #hvo4 #a4ej net ,an elaborate book for girls1 by ,lina and ,adelia ,beard whose former books on girls' sports have become classic1 which contains a mass of practical instruction on handicrafts and recreations4 ,so many and so various are the things it tells how to do and make that it will give occupation to any sort of girl in all seasons and all weathers4 ,the girl who gets this book will not lack for occupation and pleasure4--,chicago ,evening ,post4 ,what a ,girl ,can ,make and ,do ,new ,ideas for ,work and ,play ,with more than #cjj illustrations by the ,authors ,square #hvo4 #a4ej net ,this book is the result of the authors' earnest desire to encourage in their young friends the wish to do things for themselves4 ,its aim is to give suggestions that will help them to satisfy this wish4 ,within its covers are described a great variety of things useful1 instructive1 and entertaining1 suited for both indoors and out4 ,it would be a dull girl who could not make herself busy and happy following its precepts4--,chicago ,record-,herald4 ,the ,american ,girl's ,handy ,book ,how to ,amuse ,yourself and ,others ,with nearly #ejj illustrations #a4ej net ,the authors tell everything that girls want to know about sports1 games1 winter afternoon and evening amusements and work1 in a clear1 simple1 entertaining way4 ,things ,worth ,doing and ,how to ,do ,them ,with some #fjj drawings by the ,authors that show exactly how they should be done #a4ej net ,this book comprises an infinite variety of amusing things that are worth doing2 for instance3 ,a ,wonderful ,circus at ,home1 ,how to ,weave without a ,loom1 ,how to ,make ,friends with the ,stars1 ,a ,living ,christmas ,tree1 etc4 ,little ,folks' ,handy ,book ,with many illustrations #hj cents net ,this book furnishes the means of gratifying the impulse toward self-expression that1 properly directed1 is a great factor in a child's development4 ,it opens a large field of simple handicrafts for little folk by showing how toys can be made from such ordinary things as empty spools1 clothes-pins1 old envelopes1 etc4 ,,charles ,,scribner',s ,,sons ,,the ,,beard ,,books ,,for ,,boys ,by ,,dan ,c4 ,,beard ,shelters1 ,shacks1 and ,shanties ,illustrated by the ,author #a4be net ,he gives easily workable directions1 accompanied by very full illustration1 for over fifty shelters1 shacks1 and shanties1 ranging from the most primitive shelter to a fully equipped log cabin4 ,boys will find it an invaluable guide in constructing temporary or permanent shelters in their hikes or encampments4 ,boat-,building and ,boating ,a ,handy ,book for ,beginners ,illustrated by the ,author #a4jj net ,the directions for making boats are practical and illustrated by simple diagrams1 and the work is full of new and suggestive ideas for all kinds of craft4 ,the ,boy ,pioneers ,sons of ,daniel ,boone ,illustrated by the ,author #a4ej net ,a book that is truly fine and will probably have a wider influence on the lives of boys into whose hands it falls than almost any other book that comes their way4--,the ,interior4 ,the ,field and ,forest ,handy ,book ,or1 ,new ,ideas for ,out of ,doors ,illustrated by the ,author #a4ej net ,instructions as to ways to build boats and fire-engines1 make aquariums1 rafts and sleds1 to camp in a back-yard1 etc4 ,no better book of the kind exists4--,chicago ,record-,herald4 ,the ,jack of ,all ,trades ,or1 ,new ,ideas for ,american ,boys ,illustrated by the ,author #a4ej net ,every boy who is handy with tools of any sort will enjoy this book4--,youth's ,companion4 ,full of new ideas for active boys who like to use tools and see interesting things growing under their hands4--,new ,york ,tribune4 ,a perfect treasure-house of things that delight the soul of a boy4--,the ,interior4 ,the ,outdoor ,handy ,book ,for ,playground1 ,field and ,forest ,illustrated by the ,author #a4ej net ,it tells how to play all sorts of games with marbles1 how to make and spin more kinds of tops than most boys ever heard of1 how to make the latest things in plain and fancy kites1 where to dig bait and how to fish1 all about boats and sailing1 and a host of other things which can be done out of doors4 ,the volume is profusely illustrated and will be an unmixed delight to any boy4--,new ,york ,tribune4 ,the ,american ,boys ,handy ,book ,or1 ,what ,to ,do and ,how ,to ,do ,it ,illustrated by the ,author #a4ej net ,it tells boys how to make all kinds of things--boats1 traps1 toys1 puzzles1 aquariums1 fishing tackle2 how to tie knots1 splice ropes1 make bird calls1 sleds1 blow guns1 balloons2 how to rear wild birds1 to train dogs1 and do a thousand and one things that boys take delight in4 ,the book is illustrated in such a way that no mistake can be made2 and the boy who gets a copy of this book will consider himself set up in business4--,the ,indianapolis ,journal4 ,,charles ,,scribner',s ,,sons 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,obvious punctuation errors repaired4 ,page #aji1 caption ,fig4#abd1 ,burdock-burs changed to ,burdock-burrs 7house of ,burdock-burrs7 ,page #aaa1 caption ,fig4#acb1 ,burdock-burs changed to ,burdock-burrs 7by ,burdock-burrs7 ,page #aad1 caption ,fig4#acg1 same as above 7,burdock-burr target47 ,page #aad1 caption ,fig4#ach1 bur changed to burr 7,hold the burr7 ,page #adc1 caption ,fig4#agg1 ig changed to ,fig 7,fig4#agg7 ,page #afd1 caption ,fig4#bjc1 pealed changed to peeled 7peeled forward7