,,wond]ful ,,developm5t ,,( ,pet] ! ,great's ,pet ,projects1 ,,accord+ ,,to ,8 ,la/ ,w & ,te/am5t4 ,,am]ican ,,inv5tion ,,z ,,an ,,aid ,,to ,,russia',s ,,grasp ,,on ,,asiatic ,,t]ritory4 ,,by ,w4 ,,gannon4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,! ,,m>itime ,,report] ,,publi%+ ,,co41 #ae ,,:itehall ,,/reet4 #ahhi4 ,,progressive ,,russia ,,on ,,! ,m>* to ,con/ant9ople4 ,,an ,,am]ican ,,inv5tor ,,! ,,ally ,,( ,,! ,,muscovite4 ,pet] ! ,great may ju/ly be cr$it$ ) hav+ be5 ! greate/ civiliz] ( 8 race4 ,to him is due ! cr$it ( nationaliz+ 8 c\ntry & inaugurat+ va/ indu/ries1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,%ip4 ,s f> 9 advance ( 8 "t 0 he t 8 />tl+ innovations & wond]ful disc\nt+ ( ! arts ( diplomacy mu/ h endang]$ 8 head _h he n be5 =tunate en\gh to h be5 born a despot4 ,pet]'s la/ w & te/am5t outl9$ ! policy to be pursu$ by 8 successors1 look+ to ! aggr&izem5t ( ,russia1 & />tl+ ?\gh its t]ms are 9 _! selfi%ness1 !y are s ?or\ghly diplomatic t 8 successors h religi\sly liv$ up to _! full mean+4 ,& s x comes to pass t ! ev]-advanc+ & con/antly-tight5+ grasp ( ,russia on adjac5t t]ritory is al>m+ ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ! ,old ,_w & may1 inde$1 9 ! ne> future1 some:at conc]n ourselves4 ,! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t is n[ urg+ ,great ,brita9 to erect def5ces on ! ,pacific ,coa/1 = ! reason t ,russia1 9 pursuance ( h] peculi> policy1 is enl>g+ h] works & ars5al at ,vladivo/ock1 opposite ,briti% ,columbia2 & ! initiative has already be5 tak5 by ,great ,brita9 9 ! erection ( batt]ies 9 ! neighborhood ( ,esquimault4 ,z e>ly z la/ ,may ! ,/4 ,pet]sburgh correspond5t ( ! ,new ,york ,tribune contribut$ ! foll[+ report ( ! progress ( ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway ?r\gh ,c5tral ,s\!rn ,sib]ia to ! ,pacific ,ocean & ,*9a3 8,,signs ,,( ,,russian ,,progress4 8,! completion ( ! ,trans-,caspian ,railway to ,sam>c& m>ks ano!r /age 9 ! ,russian occupation ( ,asia4 ,t city 0 ! objective po9t ( ! e>li] campaigns f ,or5burg & ! sea ( ,aral1 :i* end$ 9 ! conque/ ( ,khiva & ,kokan & ! e/abli%m5t ( ,ta%k5d z ! milit>y headqu>t]s1 ) railway connections nor?w>d4 ,bokh>a 0 r$uc$ to ! condition ( a protect$ prov9ce & ,sam>c& 0 virtually conv]t$ into a ,russian c5tre ( trade on ! bord] ( ,*9a4 ,an int]val ( twelve ye>s has elaps$1 dur+ :i* ,sam>c&1 already )9 easy rea* f ,ta%k5d1 has be5 gradually approa*$ f ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,! ,trans-,caspian ,railway is n[ 9 op]ation f ,mi*ailovsk to ,sam>c&1 a di/ance ( #hhe miles1 by way ( ,askabad1 ,m]v & ,bokh>a4 ,?is n>r[-gauge sy/em1 built at a co/ ( #ba1jjj1jjj1 gives ,russia control ( ! comm]ce ( ,turke/an & completes ! circuit ( conque/ on ! bord]s ( ,*9a1 ,afghani/an & ,p]sia4 ,9 future milit>y op]ations 9 ,c5tral ,asia ?is railway1 ) ! nor!rn l9e runn+ f ,ta%k5d1 w be a mo/ useful base ( transportation & supplies4 ,mean:ile1 x b9ds toge!r a /raggl+ s]ies ( conque/s sep>at$ by broad rea*es ( des]t4 ,x is already rumor$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg t ! ,cz> int5ds to visit dur+ ! summ] ! great ,empire 9 ,c5tral ,asia :i* ! valor ( 8 soldi]s & ! skill ( 8 eng9e]s h creat$4 ,an imp]ial j\rney to ,m]v1 ,bokh>a & ,sam>c& w illu/rate ! wond]ful progress made by ! ,russians dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s 9 ov]runn+ ,asia4 8,! ,russian eng9e] :o has complet$ ! ,trans-,caspian sy/em is n[ to und]take a new & colossal und]tak+4 ,?is is ! trunk l9e ?r\gh ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,sib]ia to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,surveys h already be5 made = a railway f ,tomsk to ,irkutsk1 & ?is l9e :5 f9i%$ is to be ext5d$ to ,vladivo/ock1 on ! coa/4 ,z ! ,trans-,caspian n[ makes a close approa* to ,we/]n ,*9a1 ! ,sib]ian w complete ! circuit ( ! ,cele/ial ,empire on its nor!rn bord]4 ,if ! cons5t ( ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t c be obta9$1 bran*es w be built f ,irkutsk to ,pek91 ,%anghai1 & o!r c5tres ( population4 ,)9 five ye>s x is expect$ t ?is gigantic ent]prise w be accompli%$ & ,/4 ,pet]sburgh br\ght into direct communication ) ,vladivo/ock4 ,! j\rney f ! capital to ! ,pacific c !n be made 9 a =tnight2 & if ,*9ese m>kets c be op5$ to ,russian trad]s1 a m>vel\s *ange 9 ! conditions ( ,asian comm]ce & int]c\rse w be effect$40 99 99 99 99 99 ,& only a few weeks ago ! same j\rnal pr9t$ ! foll[+1 z a sequel to ! above3 8,! ann\ncem5t t ,russia's ,c5tral ,asia railroad sy/em is to be greatly ext5d$ 0 to be expect$4 ,at pres5t x rea*es to ,sam>k& & already m ?an pays work+ exp5ses4 ,e bran* or fur!r ext5sion ( ! ma9 l9e w1 ( c\rse1 add mat]ially to its traffic & its pr(its4 ,x is n[ propos$ to build a bran* f ! ma9 l9e at ,*>djui1 on ! ,oxus1 to ,*amiab1 & also to cont9ue ! ma9 l9e onw>d f ,sam>c& to ,ta%k5d4 ,! latt] w\ld cross ! ,jax>tes2 & ?us ! road w\ld give direct communication ) bo? ! great riv]s t fl[ into ! ,aral ,sea1 j at ! head ( navigation on !m1 & w\ld connect ! comm]ce ( ! ,aral ) t ( ! ,caspian4 ,j beyond ,ta%k5d beg9s a s]ies ( /eppes adjo9+ ^? ( ,sib]ia1 :i!r ,russian coloni/s are flock+4 ,! road ?us promises to be ( equal importance to comm]ce & to milit>y /rategy40 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,/ep4 ,! occupation ( ,asia1 s long det]m9$ on by ,russia1 0 a problem mo/ difficult ( solution4 ,_m ye>s 7 sp5t 9 devis+ ways & means to navigate ! ,aral ,sea--! fir/ ?\ght be+ to transport ma*9]y & mat]ial = ! con/ruction ( /eam]s ov] ! m\nta9s--a project :i* 0 at l5g? ab&on$ z impracticable4 ,b a solution 0 at h&4 ,9 ! ye> #ahfj a novel sy/em = ! con/ruction ( vessels 0 introduc$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by an ,am]ican1 ?r\gh ^: ef=ts a ,company 0 =m$ & an ext5sive factory e/abli%$ at ,liv]pool4 ,?is ,company1 on pro( ( ! value ( its sy/em ( con/ruction1 secur$ a contract ) ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t to con/ruct a numb] ( /eam]s = ! ,ea/ ,india ,company ( ,b5gal--,moor%$aba4 ,z an evid5ce ( ! f9ancial solidity ( ?is company1 & ! class ( m5 :o inve/$ _! capital 9 t conc]n1 x may be m5tion$ t ,sir ,*>les ,manby1 ! great ,engli% civil eng9e]1 0 ,presid5t1 :ile su* m5 z ,sir ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 ,presid5t ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 & ,john ,hamilton1 also well-kn[n z an em95t eng9e]1 7 memb]s & /ockhold]s4 ,! entire capital & memb]%ip ( ! ,company belong$ 9 ,london--,liv]pool simply be+ select$ z a factory site4 ,! /eam]s "u c\rse ( con/ruction by ?is ,company 7 #aej & #bjj feet long1 built on ! new sy/em ( ,,corrugat$ ,,galvaniz$ ,,iron1 ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,by ?is sy/em ! weight ( hull ( a vessel 0 r$uc$ "o-?ird & ! draft r$uc$ 9 proportion1 :ile ! /r5g? 0 increas$ two-fold by means ( ! corrugations cov]+ ! entire out] surface ( ! hull1 :i* corrugations take ! place ( frames or timb]s1 ?us increas+ ! int]ior capacity ( a boat ( giv5 draft :ile va/ly increas+ h] /r5g?4 ,! great utility & sup]ior qualities ( ?is mode ( con/ruction 0 fully demon/rat$ by ! build+ ( sev]al supply boats = ! ,briti% ,navy1 z well z milit>y wagons = ! ,army1 & o!r con/ructions on ! same pr9ciple = miscellane\s purposes4 ,! /eam]s built by ?is company 7 s con/ruct$ t !y c\ld be ,,disjo9t$ ,,& ,,transport$ ,,9 ,,sections1 be+ s arrang$ t !y c\ld be set up & tak5 ap>t ) ! utmo/ cel]ity1 & )\t ! aid ( m ?an passable %ipbuild+ or me*anical k4 ,?is unique & valuable sy/em ( %ip con/ruction 0 inv5t$ by ,joseph ,francis1 an ,am]ican born1 & ju/ly celebrat$ z f\nd] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,life-,sav+ ,s]vice1 = :i*1 at a late day1 he receiv$ ! ,,?anks ,,( ,,congress ,,& ,,is ,,to ,,receive ,a ,,gold ,,m$al4 ,in=mation ( ?is sy/em ( con/ruction rea*$ ,russia aft] its value _h be5 prov$ by ! ,am]ican1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,au/rian & ,g]man ,gov]nm5ts1 & ,mr4 ,francis 0 invit$ to visit t c\ntry1 :]e he 0 receiv$ by ! ,emp]or4 ,9 #ahfj1 ,admiral ,b\tak(f1 ( ! ,imp]ial ,russian ,navy1 0 ord]$ by ! ,emp]or to proce$ to ,liv]pool & exam9e ! sy/em ( con/ruction1 ) a view to its applicability to s]vice on ! ,aral ,sea1 9 ,asia1 & report z to its utility4 ,f docum5ts plac$ 9 possession ( ! writ]1 he is enabl$ to pres5t a copy ( ! ,admiral's ,report1 z foll[s3 8,,liv]pool1 #ae? ,novemb]1 #ahfj4 8,,honor$ ,,sir3 ,i h s5t to ! ,sci5tific ,committee ( ! ,m>9e ,m9i/ry1 ) my reports ( ! #ae? & #ag? ( ,octob]1 = publication 9 a m>9e j\rnal1 a %ort article conc]n+ ! corrugat$ iron /eam]s4 ,9 addition to in=mation !re9 conta9$1 ,i w\ld /ate t x is my conviction t = our riv]s1 :i* are f ye> to ye> gett+ m %all[1 !re _c be built a m suitable /eam] ?an ! above4 ,9 ! dis*>ge ( my duty1 ,i communicate to y ! result ( ! trials :i* h be5 made at ! ,liv]pool factory4 8,! corrugation ( %eets ( iron is effect$1 z may be kn[n to y1 crosswise & n l5g?wise1 & ! %eets ( ! hull are rivet$ toge!r by lapp+ "o ^u ! o!r1 corrugation ^u corrugation1 & a d\ble r[ ( rivets put 94 8,x 0 important to asc]ta9 ! relative /r5g? ( ! rivet$ lap to a :ole %eet be=e proce$+ ) ! con/ruction ( ! /eam]s4 ,= t purpose we plac$ ^u two blocks a rivet$ %eet a a 7z m>k$ 9 ! diagram accompany+ ?is71 ?ree feet t5 in*es 9 l5g? by two feet six in*es wide & ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,we !n began by lay+ on x1 directly ov] ! l9e ( ! rivets1 z9c slabs1 b b1 ea* weigh+ ?irty-"o p\nds ,engli%4 8,! %eet broke at "o r[ ( rivets aft] hav+ plac$ ^u x #ahh slabs1 or #afj poods ( f\rte5 p\nds ea* 7ne>ly ?ree tons72 aft] ?is te/ a :ole %eet ( ! same measure 0 plac$ ^u ! blocks1 & x b5t aft] #aii slabs or #agj poods1 7ov] ?ree tons7 _h be5 plac$ ^u x4 8,f9ally we took a pla9 %eet ( iron ! same measure1 n corrugat$1 & x b5t & fell f ! blocks aft] t5 slabs _h be5 plac$ ^u x4 ,i believe t su* results settle ! "q 9 reg>d to ! local /r5g? :i* corrugation imp>ts to iron & its adaptation 9 ! con/ruction ( vessels4 8,) s9c]e reg>d1 7,sign$47 8,,alex&] ,,b\tak(f4 8,to ,,admiral ,,arkass40 ,illu/ration3 ,,te/ ,,( ,,corrugat$ ,,iron ,,lap ,,made ,,9 ,,liv]pool ,,by ,,admiral ,,b\tak(f1 ,r4 ,i4 ,n4 ,on a call f ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t1 ! inv5tor submitt$ photographs & draw+s ( ! /eam]s con/ruct$ by ! ,liv]pool ,company1 address$1 accord+ to in/ructions1 to ! ,gr& ,duke ,con/ant9e4 ,aft] "s little necess>y correspond5ce1 %orn ( all diplomatic r$ tape1 a contract 0 ent]$ into betwe5 ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t & ,mr4 ,francis1 = ! con/ruction ( a fleet ( light-draft /eam]s1 to be pu%$ to completion rapidly z possible4 ,! result 0 t1 ere ! ye> #ahfb _h pass$1 /eam]s1 fully eng9$1 & ready = s]vice1 7 erect$ at ! ,liv]pool factory1 & tak5 ap>t aga9 = %ipm5t4 ,^! vessels 7 #aej to #bjj feet 9 l5g?1 built on simil> l9es to vessels already con/ruct$ by ! ,company4 ,:5 ! /eam]s _h be5 put toge!r1 te/$ & aga9 set up at ! factory1 !y 7 box$ = %ipm5t1 9 sections1 bo? hulls1 float+ dock & ma*9]y1 :5 !y 7 ready = ,,! ,,/range/ ,,r\te ,,ev] ,,trav]s$ ,,by ,,%ip4 ,f ,liv]pool !y w5t fir/ to ,/4 ,pet]sburgh--!nce to ,mosc[--on to ,nijni ,novgorod--across ! ,volga--ov] ! ,ural ,m\nta9s--to ! ,aral ,sea1 9 ,asia--:]e !y 7 at l5g? unbox$1 ! sections once aga9 put toge!r &1 lo1 a ,,pr\d ,,flotilla ,,grac$ ,,! ,,aral1 upre>$ z if by magic h&s4 ,?is 0 ! initiative 9 ,russia's gr&e/ ,dream ( ,empire4 ,^! vessels _h cross$ ! ,aral b>ri]1 & swoop$ d[n l ?+s ( life on ! insulat$ sea1 ! inhabitants ( ^: %ores fondly dream$ !y dwelt secure 9 ,nature's fa/ness4 ,impossible w\ld x h be5 to transport vessels 9 _! entirety ov] ! rugg$ heights1 & deadly impracticable w\ld x h be5 to attempt _! con/ruction on ! ,aral seabo>d1 9 full view ( an al]t & suspici\s p4 ,"h x may be well to introduce ?ree lett]s1 ! orig9als ( :i* are 9 possession ( ! writ]1 & :i* are fully corroborative ( ! prec$+ /atem5ts4 8,to ,8 ,imp]ial ,highness ! ,gr& ,duke ,con/ant9e3 8,i beg leave to pres5t to ,y\r ,imp]ial ,highness li?ographs ( ! two corrugat$ galvaniz$ iron /eam]s1 built at ,liv]pool = ! ,syr ,d>iah ,riv]1 "u ! sup]vision ( ,capta9 ,a4 ,b\tak(f1 ( ! ,russian ,imp]ial ,navy4 8,! two /eam]s1 toge!r ) "o b>ge & a lift+ dock1 are f9i%$1 ready = %ipm5t4 ,capta9 ,b\tak(f left ,liv]pool ,m>* #be 7#ac?74 8,y\r ,imp]ial ,highness' humble s]vant1 7,sign$47 8,,joseph ,,francis40 99 99 99 99 99 8,,m>9e ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,! ,,%ipbuild+ ,,dep',t4 ,m>* #ca1 #ahfa--,no4 #ahi4 8,to ,mr4 ,joseph ,francis3 8,! lett] :i* y address$ to ,8 ,imp]ial ,highness ! ,gr& ,duke1 ,g5]al ,admiral1 on ! #be? ,m>*1 ) :i* y pres5t$ to ,8 ,imp]ial ,highness two draw+s ( corrugat$ iron /eam]s1 has be5 s5t to ?is committee1 ) a resolution f ! ,m9i/ry ( ,m>9e1 /at+ t ,8 ,imp]ial ,highness desir$ 8 ?anks to y4 ,! committee has ! honor to in=m y !re(4 8,manag]1 ,,bell>msky4 8,,! ,,presid5t4 7,sign$47 ,major-,g5]al ,,*]n(sky40 7,lett] f ,admiral ,b\tak(f to ,mr4 ,francis47 8,,=t ,,no4 #a1 ,,syr ,,d>iah1 ,july #b1 #ahfb4 8,,de> ,,mr4 ,,francis--,! new /eam]s ( my flotilla1 built at y\r works at ,liv]pool1 are n yet laun*$1 b ,i hope to accompli% x 9 ab\t a mon?4 ,! boil]s1 on acc\nt ( ! great difficulty ( transport+ !m across ! ,des]t1 w n arrive be=e ! middle ( ,augu/1 s t ,i %all n h suffici5t "t to employ ! new /eam]s ?is ye>1 b w give !m a trial ^u ! ,syr ,d>iah4 ,! p>ts ( ! pontoon dock w be "h ab\t ! end ( ,augu/1 giv+ u "t to put !m toge!r next w9t]4 8,) a he>ty %ake h&s1 & my s9c]e sympa?ies ) y\r nor!rn c\ntrym51 ( ^: victories ,i congratulate y4 8,i rema91 y\rs mo/ truly1 7,sign$47 8,a4 ,,b\tak(f40 ,on ! laun*+ ( ! /eam]s1 ! ,emp]or congratulat$ ,mr4 ,francis on ! success ( ! inv5tion by :i* ! fir/ ob/acle t b>r$ ! way to ! conque/ ( a va/ t]ritory 0 remov$1 op5+ an av5ue to increas$ ,empire4 ,aft] ! survey ( ! ,aral1 only r5d]$ possible by ! con/ruction ( ^! vessels1 =tifications 7 con/ruct$ on ! %ores ( t sea1 & ! long-def]r$ conque/ ( t section ( ,asia 01 to all int5ts & purposes1 accompli%$4 ,9 ord] to /ill fur!r emphasize 8 gratitude1 ! ,emp]or caus$ ,mr4 ,francis to be creat$ a ,knight ( ! ,royal ,ord] ( ,sa9t ,/anislaus1 "o ( ! ri*e/ decorations 9 ! gift ( royalty4 ,foll[+ is a copy ( ! p>*m5t3 8,we1 by ! grace ( ,god1 ,alex&] ! ,second1 ,emp]or & ,autocrat ( all ! ,russians1 ,cz> ( ,pol&1 ,gr& ,duke ( ,f9l&1 etc41 etc41 etc4 8,to ,joseph ,francis1 ,citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica3 8,! ,m9i/ry ( ,m>9e hav+ te/ifi$ to y\r p>ticul> s]vices1 we h graci\sly be5 pleas$ to nom9ate y a ,knight ( our ,imp]ial & ,royal ,ord] ( ,sa9t ,/anislaus by an ,ukaz ( #g? ,novemb]1 #ahfj1 giv5 to our ,*apt] ( ,ord]s1 to ! end t !y d sign & seal ?is ,diploma 9 witness !re(1 & =w>d to y ! insignia ( ! ,ord]4 8,,/4 ,,pet]sburg1 ?is #aj? day ( ,novemb]1 #ahfj4 ,! ,vice-,presid5t1 ,,c\nt ,,bor* ,,seal4 ,lieut4-,g5]al1 ,l',,ecesujsecetz4 ,gr& ,ma/] ( ,c]emonies1 ,,rhitrovo4 ,memb]1 ,,ku1 ,,uyey#e;,,eyuivel41 ,no4 #e1gef40 ,%ortly aft] ! secur+ ( 8 pat5ts 9 ,russia ,mr4 ,francis dispos$ ( a portion ( 8 corrugat$ sy/em pat5t to ,b>on ,rum91 ,*amb]la9 to ! ,emp]or1 cov]+ ,mosc[ & ! ,riv]s ,volga & ,don4 ,aft] ! contract 0 drawn1 a reque/ 0 made on ! "p ( ! ,b>on to include ! ,caspian ,sea1 & to :i* no objection 0 made1 z little value 0 plac$ on ! ,caspian at t "t1 on acc\nt ( its %all[ wat] & isolat$ position1 no "o suppos+ t a ,,railway ,,w\ld ,,ev] ,,cross ,,! ,,jax>tes & jo9 bo? ! great riv]s t fl[ into ! ,aral ,sea1 connect+ comm]ce ) ! ,aral & ,caspian1 z well z ,*9a1 & s onw>d to ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,a factory 0 ev5tually e/abli%$ by ,b>on ,rum91 on ! ,banks ( ! ,volga1 = ! con/ruction ( /eam]s1 & practical workm5 7 s5t to ?is factory f ! e/abli%m5t ( ,mr4 ,francis1 at ,gre5po9t1 ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is brief acc\nt ( ,russia's /ruggle = supremacy among ! family ( nations1 s intimately int]wov5 ) ! hi/ory ( "o ( ,am]ica's =emo/ inv5tors 9 ! life-sav+ field1 is ano!r in/ance ( ! ,provid5ce t rules ! de/9ies ( ! _w1 ?r\gh ! lives ( unassum+ & pati5t work]s4 ,f exp]im5t came inv5tion4 ,! ,life-,c>1 9 ?is in/ance ! outcome ( ext5d$ exp]im5t on ! "p ( ,joseph ,francis1 prov$ ! value ( ! corrugat+ sy/em1 ! fame ( :i*1 )9 a few ye>s1 spread all ov] ! _w4 ,! ,life-,c>1 ! fir/ con/ruction "u ! corrugat$ sy/em1 0 m]ely ! g]m ( ! widespread uses to :i* ! sy/em 0 & is applicable1 z has be5 %[n4 ,/eam%ips1 float+ docks1 pontoon bridges1 milit>y wagons & railway c>s are only a few among ! _m con/ructions to :i* ! ,francis sy/em ( corrugat$ iron 0 appli$ by him & ^? to :om he sold ! "r to manufacture4 ,! ,life-,c>1 !n1 0 ! sugge/ion t l$ to ! con/ruction ( ! portable1 /rong1 light-draft %ip1 :i* prov$ ! mo/ p[]ful implem5t1 9 ,russia's h&s1 ( work+ out ! va/e/ s*eme ( empire ev] conceiv$ 9 ! bra9 ( man4 ,mr4 ,francis1 successful 9 all 8 inv5tions1 has be5 honor$ beyond mo/ m5 by =eign pot5tates1 & n[ is ab\t to receive :at he holds to be ! cr[n+ honor1 ! be/[al ( ! gold m$al aw>d$ him by two ,congresses1 ) ! d\ble ?anks ( ?is *os5 body ( repres5tatives ( ! p4 ,app5dix4 ,,w ,,( ,,pet] ,,! ,,great1 ,,fa!r ,,( ,,russian ,,%ip-,,build+4 ,! foll[+ is an au!ntic copy ( ! ,w ( ,pet] ! ,great1 ! fir/ ,emp]or ( ,russia4 ,?is w is ! supreme f\ndation & law ( ,russian politics1 s9ce 8 "t1 & 0 confid5tially deposit$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,abbe de ,b]vis1 ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs1 9 #ageg1 & also 9 ^? ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,a copy is also to be f\nd 9 ! diplomatic ar*ives ( ,france1 f :i* ?is translation is d]iv$3 ,,! ,,w4 ,,prelim9>y ,,consid]ations4 ,9 ! "n ( ! mo/ ,holy & ,indivisible ,tr9ity1 we1 ,pet]1 ! ,fir/ ,emp]or & ,autocrat ( all ! ,russias1 etc41 to all our desc5dants & successors to ! ?rone & gov]nm5t ( ! ,russian nation3 ,god1 f :om we d]ive our exi/5ce1 & to :om we owe our cr[n1 hav+ con/antly enlight5$ u by ,8 _s1 & su/a9$ u by ,8 ,div9e help1 all[ u to look on ! ,russian p z call$ ^u h]eaft] to hold sway ov] ,europe4 ,my reason = ?us ?9k+ is1 t ! ,european nations h mo/ly rea*$ a /ate ( old age1 bord]+ ^u imbecility1 or !y are rapidly approa*+ x3 naturally1 !n1 !y w be easily & indubitably conqu]$ by a p /rong 9 y\? & vigor1 especially :5 ?is latt] %all h atta9$ its full /r5g? & p[]4 ,i look on ! future invasion ( ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n c\ntries by ! ,nor? z a p]iodical movem5t orda9$ by ,provid5ce1 :o1 9 a l mann]1 reg5]at$ ! ,russian nation by b>b>ian invasion4 ,^! emigrations ( m5 f ! ,nor? are z ! reflux ( ! ,nile1 :i*1 at c]ta9 p]iods comes to f]tilize ! impov]i%$ l&s ( ,egypt by its deposit4 ,i f\nd ,russia z a rivulet1 ,i leave x a riv]3 my successors w make ( x a l>ge sea1 de/9$ to f]tilize ! impov]i%$ l&s ( ,europe1 & its wat]s w ov]fl[1 9 spite ( impos+ dams erect$ by weak h&s1 if our desc5dants only "k h[ to direct its c\rse4 ,?is is ! reason ,i leave !m ! foll[+ in/ructions4 ,i give ^? c\ntries to _! wat*fulness & c>e1 z ,moses gave ! ,tables ( ! ,law to ! ,jewi% p4 ,i4 ,keep ! ,russian nation 9 a ,,/ate ,,( ,,cont9ual ,,w>3 s z to h ! soldi] always "u arms1 & ready = action1 except+ :5 ! f9ances ( ! ,/ate w n all[ x4 ,keep up ! =ces2 *oose ! be/ mom5ts = attack4 ,by ^! means y w be ready = w> ev5 9 "t ( peace4 ,?is is = ! int]e/ ( ! future aggr&izem5t ( ,russia4 ,,ii4 ,endeavor by e possible means to br+ 9 f ! neighbor+ civiliz$ c\ntries ( ,europe (fic]s 9 times ( w>1 & le>n$ m5 9 times ( peace2 ?us giv+ ! ,russian p ! advanges enjoy$ by o!r c\ntries1 )\t all[+ !m to lose any ( _! own self-respect4 ,,iii4 ,on e occasion take a "p 9 ! affairs & qu>rels ( ,europe2 above all1 9 ^? ( ,g]many1 :i* c\ntry1 be+ ! ne>e/1 m imm$iately conc]ns u4 ,,iv4 ,divide ,pol&1 excit+ civil discord !re2 w9 ov] ! nobility by brib]y1 corrupt ! diets1 s z to h influ5ce on ! election ( ,k+s1 get p>tisans into (fice1 protect !m1 br+ to soj\rn !re ,muscovite troops1 until su* "t z !y c be p]man5tly e/abli%$ !re4 ,if ! neighbor+ p[]s />t difficulties1 appease !m = a "t by p>cel+ out ! c\ntry1 until y c retake 9 detail all t has be5 c$$4 ,v4 ,take z mu* z y c f ,sw$51 & cause y\rself to be attack$ by h]1 s z to h a pretext = subdu+ h]4 ,to accompli% ?is1 sev] ,d5m>k f ,sw$51 & ,sw$5 f ,d5m>k1 c>efully keep+ up _! rivalries4 ,,vi4 ,always *oose1 z wives = ! ,russian pr9ces1 ,g]man pr9cesses1 s z to increase family alliances1 to draw mutual int]e/s clos]1 &1 by propagat+ our pr9ciples 9 ,g]many1 to enli/ h] 9 our cause4 ,,vii4 ,engl&--requir+ u = h] navy1 & %e be+ ! only p[] t c aid 9 ! developm5t ( ours1 seek a comm]cial alliance ) h]1 9 pref]5ce to any o!r4 ,ex*ange our wood1 & ! productions ( our l& = h] gold1 & e/abli% betwe5 h] m]*ants1 h] sailors & ours a cont9ual int]c\rse2 ?is w aid 9 p]fect+ ! ,russian fleet = navigation & comm]ce4 ,,viii4 ,ext5d y\r possessions t[>d ! ,nor?1 along ! ,baltic1 & t[>d ! ,s\? by ! ,black ,sea4 ,,ix4 ,approa* z ne> z possible to ,con/ant9ople & its outskirts4 ,he :o %all reign !re w be ! true sov]eign ( ! _w4 ,consequ5tly1 be cont9ually at w>--sometimes ) ! ,turks1 sometimes ) ,p]sia4 ,e/abli% dock y>ds on ! ,black ,sea1 get entire possession ( x by degrees1 also ( ! ,baltic ,sea2 ?is be+ necess>y to ! accompli%m5t ( ! plan4 ,ha/5 ! decl9e ( ,p]sia2 p5etrate to ! ,p]sian ,gulf2 re-e/abli%1 if possible1 ! anci5t comm]ce ( ! ,levant ?r\gh ,syria1 & make y\r way to ! ,indies--!y are ! emporium ( ! _w4 ,once !re1 y c d )\t ! gold ( ,engl&4 ,x4 ,seek1 & c>efully keep up an alliance ) ,au/ria2 acquiesce1 app>5tly1 9 h] ideas ( dom9at+ ov] ,g]many1 at ! same "t cl&e/9ely excit+ aga9/ h] ! jeal\sy ( ! neighbor+ prov9ces4 ,endeavor t ! aid ( ,russia %\ld be call$ =1 by "o & ! o!r1 s t by ex]cis+ a k9d ( gu>dian%ip ov] ! c\ntry1 y prep>e a way = gov]n+ h]eaft]4 ,,xi4 ,give ! ,h\se ( ,au/ria an int]e/1 = jo9+ 9 bani%+ ! ,turks f ,europe2 defraud h] ( h] %>e ( ! booty1 at ! conque/ ( ,con/ant9ople1 ei!r by rais+ a w> = h] ) ! anci5t /ates ( ,europe1 or by giv+ h] a portion1 :i* y w take back at a future p]iod4 ,,xii4 ,atta* to y\rselves1 & assemble ar\nd y1 all ! unit$ ,greeks1 z also ! disunit$ or s*ismatics1 :o are scatt]$ ei!r 9 ,hung>y1 ,turkey1 or ! s\? ( ,pol&4 ,make y\rselves _! c5tres1 _! *ief support1 & lay ! f\ndation = univ]sal supremacy1 by e/abli%+ a k9d ( royalty or sac]dotal gov]nm5t2 ! ,slavonic ,greeks w be s _m fri5ds t y w h scatt]$ among/ y\r enemies4 ,,xiii4 ,sw$5 sev]$1 ,p]sia & ,turkey conqu]$1 ,pol& subjugat$1 our armies unit$1 ! ,black & ,baltic ,seas gu>d$ by our vessels1 y mu/ make propositions sep>ately & discreetly--fir/ to ! ,c\rt ( ,v]sailles1 !n to t ( ,vi5na1 to %>e ) !m ! ,empire ( ! ,univ]se4 ,if "o ( !m accept--& x _c be o!rwise1 s z y flatt] _! pride & ambition--make use ( x to cru% ! o!r--!n cru%1 9 its turn1 ! surviv+ "o1 by engag+ ) x 9 a dea?-/ruggle2 ! issue ( :i* _c be d\btful1 ,russia possess+ already all ! ,ea/ & a great "p ( ,europe4 ,,xiv4 ,if--:i* is n likely--bo? refuse ! propositions ( ,russia1 y mu/ manage to raise qu>rels = !m1 & make !m exhau/ "o ano!r2 !n pr(it+ by a decisive mom5t1 ,russia w br+ d[n h] assembl$ troops on ,g]many2 at ! same "t1 two consid]able fleets w set out--! "o f ! ,sea ( ,azov1 ! o!r f ! port ( ,ar*angel--load$ ) ,asiatic hordes1 "u ! convoy ( ! arm$ fleets f ! ,black ,sea & ! ,baltic2 advanc+ by ! ,m$it]ranean & ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 !y w invade ,france on "o side1 :il/ ,g]many w already h be5 invad$ on ! o!r4 ,^! c\ntries conqu]$1 ! re/ ( ,europe w easily pass "u ! yoke1 )\t /rik+ a s+le bl[4 ,,xv4 ,?us ,europe c1 & ought1 to be subdu$4 ,,pet] ,i41 ,,autocrat ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,russias4 ,le/ ! read] ( ?is ,,w may =m an op9ion antagoni/ic to its au?or1 x may be well to /ate t :ile ,pet] ! ,great 0 a ,despot he 0 also a ,patriot--& :ile a ,tyrant he 0 yet a ,humanit>ian4 ,?is man1 :o c\ld icily comm& dea? by ! kn\t 0 ! same man :o yield$ up 8 own life 9 rescu+ a sailor :o _h fall5 ov]bo>d 9 ! ice-lad5 wat]s ( ! ,neva4 ,& ,pet] 01 above & beyond all1 a ,/atesman1 an ,inv5tor1 a f9i%$ ,me*anic & ,prog5]ator ( ! ,russian ,life-,sav+ ,s]vice4