,illu/ration3 ,,m9]va                   
,,on                                    
,ya*ts                                  
,,&                              ,ya*t  
,h&l+                                   
,,by                                    
,,?omas ,,flem+ ,,day                   
,illu/ration                            
,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london3              
,,! ,,rudd] ,,publi%+ ,,company         
#aija                                   
,,copyright1 #aija1                     
,,by                            ,,?omas 
,,flem+ ,,day                           
,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$4                
,,to ,,^?                     ,,:o ,,h  
,,sp5t ,,_m ,,h\rs ,,) ,,me             
,,r\nd ,,! ,,clubh\se ,,fire            
,,cont5ts        ,,on ,,?is ,,book      
#ac    ,,on ,,seaman%ip                 
#ai    ,,on ,,boats ,,9 ,,g5]al         
#cg    ,,on ,,"o-,,man ,,boats          
#ee    ,,on ,,sea-,,go+ ,,boats         
#fg    ,,on ,,rigs                      
#ha    ,,on ,,sail ,,z ,,an ,,auxili>y  

#aji    ,,on ,,reef+                    
#aai    ,,on ,,an*ors ,,& ,,an*or+      
#abi    ,,on ,,rigg+                    
#afa    ,,on ,,/r&+                     
#age          ,,on ,,?is ,,book         
,books 7 made t man might pass 8 k to 8 
fell[s2  ?r\gh !m he speaks to a va/    
audi5ce1 & 8 p[] to enlight5  is only   
circumscrib$ by ! ability to imp>t ?is k
 9 lucid  & int]e/+ language4      ,,on 
,,?is ,,book    ,my reason = writ+ ?is  
book is1 t x is want$2 my excuse1  ?irty
 ye>s' exp]i5ce4 ,9 ^? ye>s ,i h h&l$ _m
 boats1  ^u _m wat]s4    ,y w f9d ?is   
book v diff]5t f o!r works on ! same    
subject4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i believe t  
all text-books %\ld be  writt5 9 a mann]
 to please1 z well z to in/ruct2 t !y   
%\ld  be agreeable read+2 &1 aside f _! 
tea*+ value1 h a  c]ta9 excell5ce z a   
writ+4 ,aga91 !re is no?+ 9 lit]ature  s
 int]e/+ z ! autobiography1 real or     
fictional4 ,ne>ly all our  great works (
 fiction are ( ?is class4 ,rob9son      
,crusoe's hi/ory  f any o!r lips ?an ^? 

( ! ca/away w\ld lose half its  int]e/2 
,gil ,blas 9 ! ?ird p]son w\ld lack w>m?
 & be :olly  devoid ( its peculi> ze/4  
,! flavor ( ! individual is lo/  :5 y   
speak =1 & n z him4 ,! puppet talks l a 
puppet4  ,x is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,john  
,ald5 plead+ ! cause ( ,capta9  ,/&i% & 
,john ,ald5 plead+ ! cause ( ,ma/]      
,john4 ,let a man  talk to y & he w     
int]e/ & amuse2 let him write = y &  he 
w prove trite & dull4 ,!re=e1 :5 imp>t+ 
in=mation1 ,i  l to talk1 n write4 ,i   
want to infuse into my words my p]son1  
to  endeavor to give my ideas an        
,i-am-)-y tone1 s t x w be me  & n !    
book t is pres5t1 & ) :om y are 9       
communion4    ,b ?is me?od ( h&l+ a     
subject is apt to bre$ dogmatism1       
especially z ! read] is unable to "q or 
d5y ! /atem5ts  made until !y h be5     
*ill$ into ink4 ,s y w f9d 9 _m  ( my   
*apt]s t ,i am exce$+ly dogmatic4 ,x is 
un9t5tional1  simply be+ a manife/ation 
( ! _s peculi> to ?is /yle (  address+  
an audi5ce--"o t mu/ he> b _c answ]4    

,!re=e  let me w>n y to "q all my       
/atem5ts1 & to accept only ^?  t        
h>monize ) y\r own conclusions1 aft] y h
 c>efully  ?\ght !m ov]4 ,^? t y _c     
reconcile to y\r own  k & exp]i5ce1 lay 
on "o side to be tri$ out at a future   
day4    ,nev]1 no matt] h[ high !       
au?ority1 accept any man's co9 by its   
m9t$ face4 ,x is z easy to /rike a base 
z a /]l+ piece1 &  ! k+'s head on !     
rev]se & 8 arms on ! obv]se won't make  
lead silv]1 or copp] gold4 ,?is 9 reg>d 
to /atem5ts made by ^?  :o set !mselves 
up z au?orities on a subject is         
p>ticul>ly true1  :5 ! subject is "o l  
?is "u discussion2 "o 9 :i* no  fix$    
rules may be e/abli%$1 & :]e s mu*      
dep5ds ^u !  man1 ! place & ! means4 ,i 
make a /atem5t ( practice2 x 0  d$uc$ f 
my p]sonal exp]i5ce1 & 9 my case gave a 
p]fect  result2 y foll[ x1 b ow+ to     
c]ta9 complicat+ circum/ances1  9 y\r   
case1 x fails4 ,= in/ance1 ,i tell y1 t 
:5 a vessel  gets /]nway on 9 a seaway  
to keep y\r helm amid%ips1 & ca/ h]  ) !

 headsails1 & n to put y\r helm h>d ov]4
 ,y accept my  me?od z be+ ! correct "o1
 try x1 & fail to ca/ y\r boat s  z to  
fill away4 ,?is does n prove t ,i am    
wrong 9 mak+ su* a  /atem5t1 b x %[s t  
,i am wrong 9 n hav+ qualifi$ x4  ,x    
also %[s t y are a lax ?9k] 9 n hav+    
que/ion$ my  me?od be=e putt+ x 9       
practice4 ,my error is ! too frequ5t    
error ( m5 :o write on vessel h&l+2 y\rs
 ! too common error  ( m5 :o /udy _!    
books4    ,! object ( ?is book1 ( ^!    
talks1 is n to fill y1 p>rot  fa%ion1   
full ( rules ( action or me?ods (       
practice1 b to furni%  y ) food = ?\ght2
 to lay be=e y c]ta9 /atem5ts f  :i* y  
mu/1 to a l>ge ext5t1 d$uce y\r own     
conclusions4 ,take  :at ,i say1 mix x ) 
y\r own k & exp]i5ce1 & put into  action
 ! result4    ,^! talks are n int5d$ =  
m5 :o are :at we may call seam51  m5 :o 
are ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 ! art1 nor are !y   
int5d$ =  ^? :o aspire to boats l>g] ?an
 =ty feet ov] all4 ,a boat  above t size
 is too valuable to be tru/$ 9 ! h&s (  

an  inexp]i5c$ or half-tra9$ man4 ,!    
own] ( a l>ge ya*t1 if he is  n p]fectly
 capable ( h&l+ h] "u all conditions1   
%\ld hire  "s "o :o is4 ,my s]mons are  
address$ to ! man :o is le>n+ to  h&le a
 small vessel1 :o wants to be a seaman1 
& :o1 to be free (  all paid assi/ance1 
is will+ to /udy ! art ?or\ghly & make  
himself ma/] ( all its bran*es4         
,,on ,,seaman%ip        ,! t>'s a sm>t  
t> t c b&1 reef & /e]1      ,t c nimbly 
ca/ (f & belay2    ,:o 9 d>ke/ nights   
f9ds ea* haly>d & ge>1      ,& dead     
reckon+ kn[s well1 & leeway2    ,b ! t> 
to please me mu/ m kn[+ be4--           
,,dibd5--7,mod]niz$74      ,,on         
,,seaman%ip    ,i h be5 all my life a   
lov] ( ! sea2 an obs]v] ( its natural  &
 social conditions2 a /ud5t ( its phases
 & fabrics2 b  :ile my m9d 9 its long & 
wide se>* has t\*$ ^u almo/  e subject  
connect$ ) ocean life1 ! "o t has       
con/antly  int]e/$ & fasc9at$ me is t   
:i* relates to ! c>e &  gov]nm5t ( sail+
 vessels4 ,?is art1 :i* is call$        

seaman%ip1 is  "o ( man's olde/ & noble/
 atta9m5ts4 ,:at does ! _w owe to  him  
:o possess$ x8    ,to him ! civilization
 ( to-day owes its exi/5ce4 ,man cramp$ 
9  ! conf9es ( a cont95t1 a prison] at  
l[-wat] m>k1 a dw>f 9  a dw>f _w1 0     
releas$1 lift$ & enlight5$ by ! ,ma/] ( 
! ,sail4 ,x 0 he :o f\nd ! univ]se ^u ! 
sea1 & br\ght x  home2 a free gift1 ) ! 
m co/ly b less valuable trophies (      
di/ant trade4 ,x 0 he :o1 broad5+ ! _w's
 _w1 broad5$  ! _w's m9d4 ,) ! spices & 
silks ( ! ,ea/1 ) ! gold  & tobaccos ( !
 ,we/1 he lad$ 8 %ips ) ! new k1 a      
commodity t paid no rev5ues to ! cr[n1 t
 add$ no?+ to !  weal? & glory ( pr9ces1
 b1 fl[+ sl[ly & /eadily into !  m9ds ( 
m51 incit$ ! intellig5t few to broad]1  
nobl] & m  spl5did a*ievem5ts1 & filt]+ 
?r\gh ! masses1 long /eep$  9 invet]ate 
ignorance1 uplift$1 enri*$ & reg5]at$   
all4    ,9 ! %ad[ ( 8 sail hamlets      
became cities2 weal? increas$1  suff]+  
dim9i%$4 ,9 8 call\s h&s1 ! helm1 t     
?r\gh  daylight & d>kness guid$ 8 vessel

 f l& to l&1 0 m  m>vel\s 9 its p[]s ?an
 ! fam$ ivory w& ( ! ,ea/]n  g5ii2 & to 
all :o s\ght to receive1 8 sail bore m  
jewels  ?an ev] burd5$ ! magic c>pet1 or
 came into ! h&s ( !  d>+ & =tunate     
?r\gh ! incantations ( ! ,sons ( !      
,hidd5  ,light4 ,:ile ) "o h& he /ruggl$
 ) *aff]+ ,trade = h]  sordid co91 ) !  
o!r he ?rew into ! laps ( ,sci5ce & ,art
  innum]able treasures4 ,imp>tial 9 8   
g5]osity z 9 8 gifts1 he  gave to       
,a/ronomy new con/ellations1 to ,m$ic9e 
r>e & efficaci\s  h]bs1 to ,art fre% &  
invigorat+ colors1 & to ,lit]ature a    
/range bre$ ( h]oes1 novel situations & 
unfamili> plots4    ,! fre$om t he f\nd 
^u ! high seas he br\ght back to *e]  ! 
slaves ( ! m>t4 ,k+s b>ga9$ = 8 s]vices1
 nobles &  m]*ants (f]$ _! purses to    
assi/ 9 8 v5tures4 ,9 return  = ?ree    
paltry vessels he pres5t$ ,spa9 ) an    
empire2 to prove  a *im]a false he p]i%$
 among ! nor!rn ices4 ,no sea 0 too     
broad to daunt him2 no l& 0 too di/ant  
to escape 8 se>*4 ,!  mis]ies he endur$1

 ! h>d%ips he und]w5t1 7 =gott5 9 !     
joys ( a new discov]y4 ,he op5$ roads ( 
trade t br\ght ri*es  & p[] to 8 c\ntry1
 & spr9kl$ ^! pa?ways ) ! bones  ( 8    
companions--victims ( exposure1 fam9e & 
disease4    ,no reef lifts above ! wat]1
 no %all[ spreads its trea*]\s  s&s1 b !
 frames ( 8 vessel h be5 brok5 ^u x4 ,! 
hurricane & calm h tak5 toll ( him2 he  
has paid ! p5alty (  recklessness &     
gre$4 ,he has giv5 to ! annals ( w> its 
mo/  desp]ate & bloody conflicts2 he has
 p]i%$ t nations might  live1 & t a p   
might be free4    ,8 life gave him /r5g?
 & endurance2 8 art made him skillful & 
c\rage\s4 ,he creat$ & us$ a language ( 
8 own1 & 8 cu/oms  7 n ^? ( o!r m54 ,!  
inv5tor ( ! sail1 ! us] (  ! elem5ts1 ! 
discov]]1 ! trad]1 ! protector1 ! _w's  
b5efactor--! seaman4    ,a noble art    
makes noble m51 & !re is no nobl] art   
?an  seaman%ip4 ,z free & *angeful 9 its
 measures z are ! elem5ts  x employs &  
combats1 x is prolific ( res\rce1 f]tile
 9  exp$i5t1 & a prompt] ( m5tal        

activity4 ,x promotes skill ( h&  &     
t5acity ( muscle4 ,c\rage is br$ 9 its  
duties1 & ! m9d  broad5s 9 its s]vices4 
,x is ?is t makes ! practice ( seaman%ip
 s valuable to ^?  :o employ x only z a 
pa/ime4 ,! c>e & h&l+ ( ! sail+  vessel 
furni%es mo/ excell5t tra9+ = ! "y4     
,aside f  ! skill x imp>ts1 x takes m5  
out into ! op5 air2 x (f]s  to ^? :om ! 
obligations ( life keep at ! c\nt] &    
desk an  opportunity to be free1 to get 
away f & completely out ( !  bus9ess _w4
 ,x gives ! m>t-worn m9d a *ange & a    
re/4 ,!  sea has no po/m52 no telegraph 
mess5g]s4 ,x pr9ts no newspap]s4  ,!    
feet ( society m]ely tread its bord]s4  
,x is a place :]e man  is really free1 &
 :]e he c realize 8 fre$om4    ,_m h    
writt5 ^u ?is art4 ,"s ( ^! works are an
 addition  to lit]ature & ( value to !  
seaman1 b ! majority are n4 ,on  t bran*
 ( seaman%ip1 :i* we w call ya*tman%ip1 
& :i*  is pr9cipally ! art ( sp>r+1     
rigg+1 canvas+ & h&l+  =e-&-aft vessels1
 !re has be5 p5n$ sev]al l>ge works &   

_m small ones4 ,! /&>d books are by     
,v&]deck5 & ,kemp1  & ! majority ( !    
o!rs1 ,i am sorry to say1 are 9 ! mo/   
"p copies ( ^! two4 ,9 "s cases ! au?ors
 h lift$ _!  in=mation bodily1 & h      
=gott5 to ackn[l$ge ! indebt$ness4      
,:ile /&>d works ( _! "t1 bo? ,v&]deck5 
& ,kemp are n[  out ( date1 &1 moreov]1 
!y deal l>gely ) big vessels1 &  vessels
 ( a type no long] employ$ 9 ya*t+4     
,among ! small] works !re are sev]al    
good ones1 b !y lack  orig9ality & d n  
prop]ly cov] ! gr\nd1 nor d !y conta9  !
 in=mation :i* is mo/ necess>y to !     
beg9n]4 ,aga91 _m (  !m h be5 writt5 by 
m5 :o are enslav$ by "o type1 & are     
!re=e consid]ably bias$2 o!rs are f ! p5
 ( ^? :o  h _h a special & n a g5]al    
exp]i5ce4    ,b ! cr[n+ defect ( all ^! 
books1 to my m9d1 is t !  au?ors 9 !    
portion relat+ to h&l+ try to tea* a    
man1 in/ead  ( prompt+ him to le>n4 ,y  
_c tea* a man to sail--he may  le>n4 ,9 
ord] to d s he mu/ h ! sailor in/9ct4   
,unless he  has t he w nev] become a    

seaman4 ,t is :y "s m5 c nev]  le>n to  
h&le a boat1 & :y o!rs w pick up ! k 9 a
  few mon?s4    ,aga91 !re are _m m5 :o 
le>n to sail a boat2 t is1 become       
possess$ ( s mu* k z w p]mit ( _! work+ 
a  vessel f place to place1 b yet nev]  
succe$ 9 ma/]+ !  nic] or m difficult   
po9ts ( seaman%ip4 ,^! are ! p>rots (  !
 pr(ession--m5 :o simply repeat :at !y  
see o!r m5 d4 ,!  skillful seaman is !  
man :o ?9ks1 :o /udies 8 pr(ession1 &   
:o le>ns f 8 own exp]i5ce :at he _c f ! 
practice (  o!rs4    ,x is (t5 said t   
exp]i5ce is ! great tea*]4 ,to be sure x
  is2 b ev5 exp]i5ce _c tea* "o :o w n  
le>n4 ,! mo/  int5se & v>i$ exp]i5ce is 
( no use to "o :o ca/s x aside  )\t fir/
 fitt+ x into place 9 8 life's record by
 turn+ x  ov] & ov] 9 8 m9d4 ,spasmodic 
/orage ( exp]i5ce is ( no use  :atev]2 x
 mu/ be sort$1 *eck$ up1 ticket$ & /or$ 
away 9  its prop] place 9 ! next b9 to t
 :i* x jo9s 9 ! sequ5ce  ( ev5ts4       
,unless ?is is done x w n be =?com+ :5  
ne$$4    ,prop]ly arrang$ & /or$1       

exp]i5ce is ! "m ( :at is  call$ pres5ce
 ( m9d1 ! mo/ necess>y m5tal "p = a     
seaman to possess4 ,)\t x he w be a     
m5ace to 8 own safety  & a ?reat ( dang]
 to o!rs4 ,pres5ce ( m9d is simply      
appli$  =e?\ght4 ,y d 9 an em]g5cy )\t  
app>5t reflection !  "r ?+1 & save y\r  
boat1 y\r life1 or somebody else's life4
  ,p :o see ! act1 exclaim1 ,:at        
wond]ful pres5ce ( m9d6 b  w\ld be m    
correct1 if !y exclaim$1 ,:at p]fect    
pres5ce (  plan6 ,y h simply execut$ at 
a mom5t's notice a plan ( action  t has 
be5 /or$ away 9 y\r m9d1 p]haps = ye>s4 
,:5 a boy1 ,i frequ5tly amus$ myself :5 
skat+ by ?9k+ out  :at ,i w\ld d if a   
p]son fell ?r\gh ! ice4 ,i pictur$ all  
possible situations & me?ods ( rescue4  
,"o day ! accid5t  happ5$2 a boy 9 skat+
 across ! head ( a pond broke ?r\gh !   
?9 ice =m$ :]e ! riv] ent]$ ! lake4 ,f !
 hundr$  skat]s pres5t a yell ( t]ror   
w5t up1 &1 z 0 ! case :5  ! immortal    
,mr4 ,pickwick met ) a simil> accid5t at
 ,d+ley  ,dell1 ev]ybody call$ = help1 &

 nobody (f]$ x4 ,?\gh at  "s di/ance1 my
 att5tion 0 drawn to ! mi%ap by ^!      
cries4  ,in/antly ,i respond$4 ,!re 0 no
 m5tal prep>ation1 no reflection2  !    
prop] plan fla%$ into my act+ m9d4 ,i   
execut$ x1 & ! boy  0 sav$4    ,n[1 if  
,i _h n _h t plan /or$ 9 my m9d1 ,i %\ld
 h be5  j z mu* at sea z ! re/ 74 ,i    
%\ld probably h jo9$  !m 9 %\t+ = a     
plank or rope1 or1 l ,mr4 ,tupman1 h    
cri$  fire1 or p]=m$ "s o!r s5seless    
act1 su* z p d :5  br\ght sudd5ly face  
to face ) a dang]\s em]g5cy4    ,"o day 
:5 runn+ d[n w9d ,i said to ! "y fell[  
at ! :eel1  :o 0 anxi\s to le>n !       
seaman's trade1 ,:at w\ld y d if "o  ( u
 fell ov]bo>d8 ,i don't "k1 he answ]$4  
,hav5't y ev]  ?\ght1 plann$ out1 :at y 
w\ld d 9 su* an em]g5cy8 ,no1 he        
hadn't4 ,well1 ,i said1 y ?9k x out2 put
 ! boat 9 diff]5t  positions & "u       
diff]5t sail1 & plan out :at y w\ld d if
  su* an accid5t happ5$4 ,a day or two  
aft]1 :ile ! same lad  0 at ! :eel1 we  
lo/ ! d+ey4 ,)\t call+ me f bel[  or    

hesitat+1 he wore r\nd & recov]$ ! boat1
 execut+ !  manoeuvre 9 s clev] a mann] 
z to call praise f all ! old  h&s4 ,:51 
%ortly aft]1 ,i reliev$ him at ! :eel1  
he said1 ,i  ?\ght t out ! o!r day aft] 
y spoke ab\t :at to d if a  man falls   
ov]bo>d4    ,aga91 ,i 0 on ! bridge ( a 
/eam] *att+ ) ! mate4 ,:at  d y d to    
pass away ! long night wat*es8 ,i ask$  
him4 ,well1  he answ]$1 ,i sp5d h\rs    
?9k+ & plann+ out :at ,i w\ld  d if     
c]ta9 ?+s happ5$4 ,i put ! %ip into e   
possible  dang]--fire1 collision1 %ift+ 
c>go1 brok5 %aft1 & unexpect$  l&4 ,i !n
 plan h[ be/ to meet ! em]g5cy creat$4  
,i place o!r  %ips 9 e position--gre5 to
 port1 r$ to />bo>d1 lights dead  ahead1
 lights on ! beam1 lights ev]y:]e--!n   
plan to "w my %ip  cle> ( !m4 ,i h "s   
run into me1 am s9k+1 l[] boats1 save   
my own crew & rescue o!rs4 ,i pick up   
lame ducks1 pass haws]s1  make fa/ & t[ 
!m 94 ,ev]y?+ t c\ld possibly happ5 ,i  
h happ51 & plan ! ways & means ( meet+  
!m ov] & ov]  aga94 ,t is h[ ,i :ile    

away my eight h\rs 9 ! scupp]s4    ,!re 
0 a seaman :o _h prep>$ himself = an    
em]g5cy2 a  comm&] :o _h ready = in/ant 
use a plan1 s1 let occasion dem&  x1 he 
c\ld /& =? ! man ( ! h\r4    ,let me    
advise y :o w\ld le>n ! seaman's art to 
copy t mate4  ,sp5d y\r idle h\rs ?9k+ &
 plann+4 ,nev] g into a difficult       
*annel )\t fir/ pictur+ :at dang]s may  
confront y1 & h[  y c ov]come !m4 ,nev] 
pass ?r\gh a fleet or come to an*or     
among vessels )\t plann+ be=eh& y\r mode
 ( action4 ,nev]  turn 9 at night )\t   
fir/ look+ ab\t y & outl9+ 9 y\r  m9d   
y\r position 9 reg>d to %ore & craft1 & 
=m+ a plan  = gett+ away if any?+ %\ld  
happ5 to oblige y to make sail4  ,aft] a
 little practice ?is ?9k+ ahead w become
 second nature1  & y\r bra9 w plan & act
 ) ! regul>ity & *e]fulness  ( a good   
clock4    ,! backbone ( active seaman%ip
 is confid5ce--confid5ce 9  y\rself1    
confid5ce 9 y\r craft1 confid5ce 9 y\r  
crew4 ,! fir/  & mo/ necess>y ( ^! is   
confid5ce 9 y\rself4 ,)\t x !  place = y

 is on %ore1 or 9 a subord9ate position4
 ,no man %\ld  attempt to comm& :o has  
%ak5 confid5ce 9 8 own skill &  judgm5t4
 ,i mean by confid5ce ! true article1 n 
! false1 :i*  is m commonly call$       
conceit4    ,confid5ce is inspir$ by    
action & confirm$ by success4 ,y attempt
  a feat su* z y h nev] attempt$ be=e & 
are successful1  !re=e y are sure t !   
skill or k y us$ 9  p]=m+ x is reliable1
 & t y are possess$ ( a ma/]y ov]  x    
suffici5t to enable y to repeat ! act4  
,9 pla9 ,engli%1 y  are sure y c d x    
aga94    ,let u suppose x is a feat (   
navigation4 ,by y\rself y h nev]  tak5 a
 ya*t out ( sight ( l&1 b1 hav+ !       
opportunity1 decide  to attempt to run f
 "o po9t to ano!r across an op5 /ret* ( 
sea4 ,y take ! *>t1 f9d ! magnetic c\rse
 & di/ance1 all[  = leeway & curr5t1 &  
hav+ ?us f\nd y\r compass c\rse put  !  
%ip on x1 & away y g4 ,l& soon drops d[n
 a/]n1 & y  beg9 to feel a bit %aky4    
,suppose y h made a mi/ake 9 lay+  (f ! 
c\rse2 n all[$ en\gh = leeway1 too mu* =

 curr5t4  ,suppose y %\ld miss ! di/ant 
cape4 ,?is & a doz5 o!r ?+s  beg9 to    
haunt y\r m9d4 ,y g bel[1 out ) ! *>t1  
pass ov]  y\r figures1 remeasure !      
di/ance1 get ! same result = compass    
c\rse--we w say ,n4 ,e4 by ,e4#a_/b;,e4 
,y g back on deck confid5t t  y\r c\rse 
& di/ance are correct1 & !n beg9 to     
worry ab\t  ! compass4 ,y are sure x 0  
correct ye/]day1 because y took  sev]al 
be>+s & f\nd x s1 & x 0 also correct two
 weeks  be=e1 on y\r la/ cruise4 ,!n y  
reason t x is v unlikely  t x w\ld g    
waltz+ (f into an excessive error j     
because x  happ5$ to h be5 tak5 out (   
sight ( l& = ! fir/ "t1  & s give x back
 y\r confid5ce & /e] away ,n4 ,e4 by    
,e4#a_/b;,e4    ,y\r crew n[ beg9 to    
worry1 nev] hav+ be5 out ( sight ( l&   
be=e4 ,!y look at y z ?\gh !y suspect$ y
 ( contemplat+  _! murd]4 ,!y walk ar\nd
 uneasily1 se>* ! horizon ahead1 &  ca/ 
regretful glances at ! "o a/]n1 pay     
repeat$ visits to !  log & act g5]ally l
 a set ( condemn$ victims4 ,y\r         

confid5ce  "u ?is condition beg9s to    
wilt aga94 ,y take ! log index1 g  bel[1
 & f9d t y\r passage is half made4 ,y %[
 ?is to !  crew1 & !y appe> half        
satisfi$ & half d\btful1 despite y\r    
assum$ air ( implicit fai?4 ,!y seem to 
"k t y\r face is  act+1 & t y\r /oma* is
 n back+ up ! play4 ,j !n !  helmsman   
calls out t a /eam%ip is 9 sight ahead4 
,! smoke-boat  approa*es rapidly1 runn+ 
almo/ on ! back-be>+ to ! "o y\r  craft 
is on--,s4 ,w4 by ,w41 z ne> z y c make 
x4 ,z %e draws ne>  y recognize h] z a  
coa/] runn+ betwe5 ! place y are b\nd   
to & ! place y h left4 ,"h is positive  
evid5ce t y are  on ! "r track4 ,y /rut 
r\nd ! cockpit ) ! airs ( an  admiral1 &
 ! timid memb]s ( y\r crew %r9k into _! 
l[]  g>m5ts4    ,b a few h\rs aft] pass+
 ! /eam]1 night comes on1 & x  beg9s to 
bl[ & get na/y4 ,y call all h&s1 reef   
d[n1 & ?us  *eck y\r spe$1 s t in/ead ( 
mak+ six knots y are only  do+ f\r4 ,!n 
! w9d hauls a bit m =w>d1 & y h to      
flatt5-9 y\r %eets4 ,?is increases y\r  

leeway1 & y decide to  all[ ano!r po9t =
 x--mak+ y\r c\rse ,n4 ,e41 #a_/b ,e4   
,!n y  wond] if t is en\gh1 & aga9 beg9 
to worry4 ,by ?is "t y\r  crew h accept$
 _! fate1 & are 9 a pr(\nd /ate (       
despair1  beyond ev5 a murmur (         
insubord9ation1 do+ _! "w sl[ly &       
sull5ly1 z ?\gh e act 0 a "p ( a        
prep>ation to commit  suicide4    ,d[n  
to ! *>t y g aga92 pass ov] ! c\rse1 &  
prick+  (f ! di/ance1 f9d t y are by y\r
 reckon+ /ill tw5ty  miles f ! l&fall y 
expect to make4 ,! light on x is visible
  fifte5 miles4 ,lay+ out ?is on ! *>t1 
y see t y c  h>dly miss hitt+ t big     
circle1 & are some:at assur$4 ,n[ !  w9d
 falls light1 & in/ead ( be+ )9 ! range 
( visibility  ( ! light 9 an h\r or s1 x
 is ?ree be=e ! log says y h  run f>    
en\gh4 ,y c>efully se>* ! horizon = x4  
,no light is  visible4 ,a cold sweat    
beg9s to break out4 ,y are lo/--lo/ at  
sea4  ,y mu/ h all[$ too little = leeway
 & h pass$ f> outside  ( ! light4 ,:at  
_h y bett] d1 keep y\r c\rse1 or haul   

up8  ,aft] ?9k+ x ov]1 & aga9 consult+ !
 *>t1 y decide to  hold ! c\rse = an h\r
 long]4 ,h[ sl[ly t h\r drags away6 ,at 
its expiration ! log %[s ?ree & "o-half 
miles m4 ,y are n[  by y\r reckon+ elev5
 & "o-half miles f ! light4 ,c]ta9ly  y 
mu/ see x4 ,a long se>* ) ! glass2 no   
light4 ,y decide to  haul up & try = x  
to ! nor?'rd & we/'rd1 b be=e do+  s h  
"o m look4 ,hello6 !re x is1 a po9t on !
 />bo>d  b[4 ,t's ! light1 sure en\gh4  
,x fla%es2 y c\nt t5 seconds1  fifte5   
seconds1 d>kness2 aga9 x fla%es t5      
seconds4 ,light ho6  y %\t4    ,has y\r 
log ov]run t am\nt8 ,y decide x has2 b a
 few  m9utes lat] ! light is lo/ aga94  
,t settles x--fog or mi/  in%ore2 ! log 
is all "r4 ,s y /& boldly on1 y\r :ole  
m9d agl[ ) ! triumph y h j a*iev$--t (  
mak+  a good l&fall4 ,! drama (         
,columbus at ,san ,salvador is replay$1 
y tak+ ! "p ( ! great admiral1 & y\r    
crew t ( !  consci5ce-/rick5 mut9e]s4 ,y
 wond] :y !y ev] d\bt$ y\r  skill & k1  
=gett+ t y d\bt$ y\rself4    ,! next day

 y\r crew /rut pr\dly ab\t ! port l a   
lot (  m>9]s j return$ f circumnavigat+ 
! globe4 ,!y are pr\d  ( y1 pr\d ( _!   
vessel1 & v pr\d ( !mselves4 ,b :at a   
*ange x has work$ 9 y6 ,y are a v       
diff]5t man to-day f  :at y 7 ! h\r y   
took y\r dep>ture to make t passage4    
,to-day y h confid5ce 9 y\r skill & k1 &
 9 y\rself  z a us] ( ^? p[]s4    ,i h  
writt5 t little sket* to %[ y t kn[+ h[ 
to  h&1 reef & /e] is n all t is ne$$ to
 make a seaman4 ,!  k ( ! me?ods ( work+
 sails & %ip are only a "p (  ! seaman's
 craft4 ,8 head z well z 8 h& mu/ be    
tra9$4 ,he  mu/ n only "k 8 vessel      
?or\ghly1 b he mu/ z ?or\ghly  "k       
himself4          ,,on ,,boats ,,9      
,,g5]al        ,is x come8 !y said1 on !
 banks ( ! ,nile1      ,:o look$ = !    
_w's long-promis$ boat1    ,& saw t !   
l9es he _h drawn on a tile      ,w\ld   
make a good cruis]--if x w\ld float1    
,?ro' pyramids1 temples1 & mummies      
/uff$1      ,we va9ly se>* = ?is ideal  
plan2    ,we fe> ! ,burgess ( ,ph>aoh's 

bluff$--      ,yet !re 0 hope :5 t day  
began4      ,,on ,,boats ,,9 ,,g5]al    
,m5 frequ5tly come to me1 & ask1 ,:at   
sort ( a boat w\ld y  recomm5d me to h8 
,my reply always is1 ,:at =8 ,9 t small 
phrase is conta9$ ! k]nel (             
selection--:at =8 ,d y want to  cruise1 
g day-sail+1 or race8 ,d y want x to g  
alone1 or ) a  crew8 ,d y want to sail 9
 r\gh or smoo? wat]8    ,a boat t is    
suitable = cruis+ is n ! ?+ = rac+ or   
day-sail+2 a boat t w\ld fill ! bill if 
us$ on l&-lock$  wat]s w\ld make a poor 
%[+ on an op5 sea or 9 r\gh /ret*es  (  
tide-swept *annel4    ,let u fir/       
consid] ! rac+ craft4 ,rac+1 z ,i h (t5 
told  y1 is a bus9ess1 n a pa/ime4 ,if y
 want to w91 & ^? :o  race usually d1 y 
mu/ subord9ate ev]y?+ to t want4 ,if y  
don't1 y w nev] be a successful mug     
hunt]4 ,a rac+ boat mu/  be built z     
lightly z ! law all[s4 ,?is n only means
 t h]  frame & plank+ mu/ be kept d[n to
 eights1 b %e mu/ be loot$  ( ev]y?+ t !
 rules w p]mit y to remove4 ,%e mu/ h   

l>ge1 well-made & consequ5tly exp5sive  
sails4 ,h] ge> mu/ be (  ! f9e/ &       
/ronge/ make1 & x mu/ be kept up to !   
top not*  ( p]fection by con/ant        
sup]vision & repair4    ,illu/ration3   
,,knockab\t    ,!n y mu/ give up all    
bel[ com=ts & cons5t to live on b>e     
necessities4 ,y mu/ =ego all o!r        
pleasures & conc5trate all  y\r         
faculties on "o ?+--y\r boat4 ,if y are 
will+ to d ?is1  & h ! rac+ skipp] eye &
 h&1 y may pull out all "r on  top4     
,if1 in/ead ( rac+1 y j want a boat to  
knock r\nd 9 dur+  ! day1 y\r craft is  
f> m easily *os5 & secur$4 ,y won't  h  
to read up sev]al volumes ( re/rictions 
& rules1 y won't  h to nose ?r\gh half a
 doz5 classes to f9d ! "o 9 :i* !       
easie/-to-beat cr[d h>bor1 be=e mak+ up 
y\r m9d & giv+ out  y\r ord]4 ,y c j    
suit y\rself z to h[ long1 h[ wide & h[ 
deep y\r craft is to be4                
,illu/ration3 ,,cape ,,cat    ,a boat = 
day-sail+ wants to be ( /rong &         
reasonable light  con/ruction4 ,%e ne$s 

mu* m cockpit ?an cab91 & if !  latt] is
 ( ! summ] v>iety x w be f> m com=table 
&  conv5i5t4 ,all boats %\ld h "s sort (
 a cuddy or cab91  especially if !y are 
to be us$ to take out wom5 & *ildr54    
,a day-sail+ boat1 if to be us$ = tak+  
out %ore p1 %\ld  be absolutely         
uncapsizable &1 if possible1 fitt$ )    
tanks (  suffici5t p[] to float !       
balla/4 ,h] rig %\ld be simple1 &  h]   
canvas ( mod]ate expanse4 ,! less ge> & 
gewgaws %e has  ab\t h] ! bett]1 z x    
means a sav+ ( "w at all times1 &       
especially 9 gett+ und]way & com+ to    
an*or4    ,! two be/ rigs = ?is class ( 
boat are ! cat & knockab\t4  ,bo? ^!    
rigs are quick & easy to h&le1 & hav+ no
 b[sprit1  !y c be br\ght up to a l&+   
any:]e :]e !re is wat]  en\gh to float  
!m4    ,!re is no bett] day-sail+ boat 9
 ! _w ?an ! cat t  is us$ along our     
,ea/]n seabo>d to take out fi%+ & sail+ 
p>ties4 ,i don't mean ! ov]-canvas$     
brute t is frequ5tly met--a  vessel t   
takes all h&s to /e]1 & a d\ble wat* to 

%ort5  d[n1 b ! prop]ly sp>r$ & balanc$ 
boat4 ,i h h&l$ _m  ( ^! boats1 & "u our
 ord9>y summ] conditions h f\nd  !m to d
 :at 0 expect$ ( !m 9 a boatly mann]4 ,9
 skillful  h&s !y are z ne> be+         
absolutely safe z x is possible = any   
wat]-borne fabric to be4 ,"o ( _! *ief  
advantages is t !y  c be got "u sail or 
be reliev$ ( x quick] ?an any o!r type4 
,!y h b "o %eet & two halli>ds to look  
aft]1 & all ^!  c be t5d$ by "o h& )\t  
leav+ ! cockpit4    ,illu/ration3 ,,rac+
 ,,pole-,,ma/ ,,sloop    ,! knockab\t   
has _m ( ! cat's good qualities1 & is 9 
"s  respects a bett] rig1 b ! jib is apt
 to be a nuisance at times4  ,!         
disadvantage ( ! knockab\t is t1 be+ a  
n>r[] model  ?an ! cat1 y are cramp$ =  
room :]e x is mo/ ne$$--aft4  ,ow+ to   
?is latt] rig be+ 9 fa%ion1 ! cat has   
fall5 out (  favor1 b !re is no bett]   
boat = ! "y sailor to beg9 8  /udies 94 
,an op5 cat--t is1 "o half-deck$1 say ( 
sixte5 feet  l5g?--is j ! ?+ = a boy to 
le>n ! sailor's trade 94    ,n[ = !     

cruis]1 & its "n is legion4 ,b out ( !  
lot !re  are m bad ?an good ones to be  
pick$4 ,a cruis]1 9 ! fir/  place1 is a 
h\se--a home = days1 & p]haps weeks &   
mon?s4  ,!re=e1 %e mu/ furni% sleep+ &  
eat+ accommodations4 ,?is  means room to
 /ret* & /&1 or at lea/ sit upright4 ,a 
cruis] 9  :i* a man _c live 9 com=t is  
no cruis]4    ,!n fir/1 9 select+ a     
cruis]1 ! accommodation mu/ be look$    
to2 t is :y :5 a man :o kn[s any?+ />ts 
to buy "o he  inv>iably puts ! "q1 ,:at 
is h] head room8 ,! answ]  g5]ally tells
 ! :ole /ory4 ,! next important qu]y is1
 ,:at is  h] draught8 ! ?ird1 ,:at is h]
 rig8    ,unless y c sit up & lie d[n   
com=tably ! boat is no cruis]2  y c at  
once make up y\r m9d to t4 ,:ile no man 
expects to  sp5d ! great] "p ( 8 "t     
bel[1 ! "t he does sp5d bel[  is t 9 :i*
 he seeks re/1 & mu/ get x2 ?is is      
impossible 9  cramp$ qu>t]s4    ,!      
importance ( ! draught dep5ds l>gely ^u 
:]e y want to  sail & h>bor4 ,y\r draft 
%\ld nev] exce$ ! l[-wat] dep? (  !     

*annel y h to pass ?r\gh 9 ord] to rea* 
y\r an*orage4  ,9 our nor!rn wat]s ?ree 
feet is ! m9imum draught requir$2 9     
s\!rn wat]s less is almo/ necess>y4 ,9  
"s localities ?ree feet  is ! maximum   
draught4 ,%ort draught has !            
disadvantage ( =c+  ! bulk ( ! boat     
above ! wat] l9e1 & ! mak+ ( high       
h\ses1 9 ord] to get head room4 ,?is    
produces a boat t (f]s  consid]able     
resi/ance to ! w9d1 & consequ5tly makes 
excessive  leeway4 ,!y are also un/eady 
at an*or1 & h>d on ! gr\nd tackle4      
,deep draught cuts y out f _m h>bors &  
%elt]+ places1 &  9 gett+ f port to port
 along %ore frequ5tly obliges y to take 
! longe/ way r\nd1 b x has ! advantage (
 giv+ a firm hold  on ! wat] & ( keep+ !
 weights & w9dages d[n l[4 ,b1 z  9     
ev]y?+1 !re is a happy m$ium--a betwixt 
& betwe54    ,x may be /at$ t = all     
reasonable purposes on a cruis+ boat (  
#dj feet & "u to be us$ on our coa/1 a  
draught ( five feet is  suffici5t4 ,all 
ov] t w prove a cause ( worry & a       

h9drance  to pleasant voyag+4 ,) ?is    
draught y c pass into ne>ly all  our b> 
h>bors & navigate ) safety among ! %oals
 9 our s\nds  & *annels4 ,i pref] to    
limit my draught to ?ree feet1 b !n x   
is my peculi> pleasure to sail :]e o!r  
m5 seldom v5ture4    ,illu/ration3      
,,cutt] ,,rig    ,x is difficult to get 
a wea!rly keel boat on f\r or ev5 five  
feet draught4 ,a boat to be good to     
w9dw>d mu/ h a deep plane  ( resi/ance4 
,?is makes x almo/ impossible to disp5se
 ) !  c5t]bo>d 9 small boats4 ,b z soon 
z y admit ?is contrivance  into y\r     
plans y p>tly spoil y\r accommodations4 
,_m design]s  h tri$ to get r\nd ?is by 
comb9+ ! two =ms4 ,putt+ 9 a  half bo>d 
t h\ses 9 ! keel & does n come above !  
floor4  ,su* ( ^! z ,i h se5 h prov$ to 
be poor make%ifts1 & !  result is !     
spoil+ ( :at w\ld h be5 a good keel     
boat4    ,:ile fully aw>e ( its         
disadvantages1 ,i am a firm believ] 9 ! 
c5t]bo>d = small cruis+ boats4 ,t x     
weak5s a vessel !re  is no d\bt1 b ) !  

mod]n me?od ( build+ ! trunk !  injury  
to ! fabric is v slight4 ,! say+ t ,a   
c5t]bo>d  boat always leaks is m fact   
?an fiction1 b 9 sev]al mod]n  ya*ts t  
,i h cruis$ 9 ?is is n s1 ! trunk hav+  
be5  con/ruct$ 9 su* a way z to resi/ ! 
/ra9s :i* are ! cause  ( leakage4    ,n[
 to return to ! subject (               
accommodations4 ,a cruis+ boat %\ld  be 
( su* %ape z w give ! l>ge/ int]ior     
possible 9 a giv5  l5g?4 ,9 ?is ! old]  
type ( ya*t 0 f> sup]ior to ! mod]n4  ,9
 ! boats ( to-day a man pays = a great  
deal ( hull t is (  no use to him1      
except = looks & spe$4 ,! long ov]hangs 
provide  pl5ty ( deck room1 b !y add    
no?+ to ! cab9 & b little  to ! /orage  
space4 ,9 an up-to-date boat all t is   
habitable is  ! middle ?ird4 ,9 su* a   
craft1 #cj feet ov] all1 y c get b  #aj 
feet = cab94 ,i h se5 a #dj-;foot boat1 
:i* 0 adv]tis$ z  a good cruis]1 9 :i*  
!re 0 sleep+ room = two4 ,comp>e ?is  ) 
! accommodations furni%$ by an          
old-fa%ion$ plumb-end]1 or  ) a ,cape   

cat4 ,"o ( ^! latt] ( #bj feet has m    
room ?an a  mod]n #cj-;foot] ( !        
up-to-date model4    ,! extreme ov]hangs
 are all "r 9 rac+ craft1 b !y are a    
detrim5t & a dang] 9 cruis+ craft4 ,!   
same may be said ( !  extreme full b[4  
,!re nev] 01 & probably nev] w be1 a set
 (  ends bett] adapt$ = all-ar\nd "w ?an
 ^? c>ri$ by ! boats  ( tw5ty ye>s ago1 
z %[n 9 ,m9]va & ya*ts ( h] day4 ,?is   
is :at is kn[n z ! half-clipp] or s*oon]
 b[4    ,9 boats ( ?is type !re is      
suffici5t ov]hang to prev5t _!  div+ &  
to give !m suffici5t buoyancy to lift   
easily ov] a sea1  at ! same "t ! ends  
are n long en\gh to trip ! vessel if    
runn+ 9 l>ge wat]4 ,aga91 ! entrance &  
run are %>p en\gh  to fall )\t p\nd+--a 
disagreeable habit t full mod]n boats   
are possess$ (4 ,! mo/ s]i\s objection  
to ! mod]n boat )  full & long ov]hangs 
is t x w n lay-to 9 heavy wat]  b[-on4  
,j z soon z y put x to ! w9d & *eck its 
headway  x w fall (f 9 a tr\gh & "w     
ar\nd /]n to ! sea1 a v  dang]\s        

proce$+4 ,x is a spl5did runn]1 &       
rem>kably dry :5  s engag$2 9 fact1 x   
seldom %ips solid wat] :5 go+ ei!r on   
or (f ! w9d1 & is less liable to poop+  
?an ! old] types1  b :5 br\ght to face a
 sea x p\nds & sags & is exce$+ly       
uncom=table4 ,to "o :o has nev] exp]i5c$
 ! s5sation x is  impossible to picture 
! puni%m5t ^! full-b[$ vessels receive  
:5 driv5 aga9/ a head sea4 ,?is p\nd+   
br+s a t]rible /ra9  on ! sp>s & rigg+ &
 is v we>y+ to ! crew4 ,i h  kn[n a sea 
/rik+ "u ! /]n ( "o ( ^! boats to ?r[  !
 crew (f _! feet1 badly injur+ "o man4  
,! mate ( a l>ge  ,engli% ya*t :o _h    
cross$ ! ,bay ( ,biscay 9 h] on ! way to
  ,gibralt> told me t he _h nev] 9 all 8
 sea exp]i5ce _h su*  a t]rible knock+  
ab\t4 ,e man on bo>d 0 a mass ( bruises 
:5 ! vessel made port1 & ! copp] 0 torn 
(f h] b[s back  = eight or t5 feet4 ,yet
 ?is boat's b[ 0 no?+ l s full z  t ( _m
 ( our ya*ts ( to-day4    ,illu/ration3 
,,jib ,,& ,,ma9sail ,,cruis+ ,,boat     
,if y g to ! o!r extreme1 & cut all end 

(f a boat1 giv+  h] a /raight up & d[n  
/em1 %e is a bad runn] & v1 v  wet4 ,!  
cutt]s ( ?is type 7 mo/ uncom=table sea 
boats1 be+  con/antly delug$1 b !y w\ld 
eat out to w9dw>d 9 heavy wea!r  &      
lie-to a sea l birds4 ,betwe5 ^! two !re
 is ! end :i*  is ! "o = ! cruis] to    
use4    ,! ideal end is "o t w lift &   
l[] sl[ly1 all[+ !  vessel to fall &    
rise )\t j>r+ or j]k+4 ,?is sort ( end  
w1 :5 fall+1 br+ a vessel sl[ly to :5 ! 
extreme po9t  ( ! fall is rea*$4 ,) !   
plumb /em a vessel is apt to g too  f>1 
delug+ ! decks1 & 9 "o ) ! full long b[1
 n f>  en\gh1 j>r+ ! :ole fabric by     
sudd5ly *eck+ ! motion4 ,x  is ( c\rse  
impossible to h absolutely p]fect ends  
on a vessel1  z concessions h to be made
 to o!r purposes1 b ! ends ( !  majority
 ( our mod]n ya*ts are decid$ly bad =   
r\gh-wat] "w4    ,ano!r s]i\s defect 9  
_m cruis+ boats is want ( freebo>d4     
,!re is no excuse = ?is4 ,a l[-sid$ boat
 is wet & uncom=table1  bo? inside &    
out4 ,y see _m boats ( ?is description )

 scant  freebo>d & excessively high     
h\ses4 ,! only object to be ga9$  by    
keep+ ! freebo>d d[n is to r$uce !      
w9dage & weight1  important items 9 rac+
 craft1 b ( little matt] 9 a cruis]4    
,f>!r on1 9 speak+ ( h&l+ 9 r\gh wat]1  
,i %all expla9 !  advantages ( freebo>d4
          ,,on ,,"o-,,man ,,boats       
,alone1 alone1 all1 all alone1    ,alone
 on a wide1 wide sea6                   
,,col]idge4      ,,on ,,"o-,,man ,,boats
    ,?is is a subject ^u :i* volumes (  
rot h be5 writt5 by m5  :o ought to h   
kn[n bett]4 ,we c =give a man ( no      
exp]i5ce  = writ+ absurdly ^u a subject1
 b :5 ^? :o h _h  exp]i5ce 9 h&l+ craft 
alone come out 9 pr9t 9 advocacy ( an   
utt]ly unsuitable type ( vessel x is    
ab\t "t = somebody to call  !m d[n4 ,x  
is ! books ( su* m5 t h made common !   
idea  t ! s+le-h&]'s vessel mu/ be a    
sort ( enl>g$ toy boat2 9  consequ5ce1  
:5ev] a s+le-h&] is pictur$1 x is ( t   
type4    ,! pr9cipal cause ( ?is error  
is t ! m5 :o h tak5 *>ge  ( ! task (    

dissem9at+ in=mation reg>d+ ! s+le-h&]  
are ( a class t1 z a class1 look ^u     
small ?+s z mak+ big  ?+s & n z big ?+s 
be+ made ( small ?+s4 ,consequ5tly  !y  
give m importance to any "p ?an !y d to 
! :ole4 ,!n  !y are ! s]vants ( an idea2
 ?is once firmly fix$ !y di/ort  all    
out-doors to fit x4 ,all evid5ce to     
confirm is at once admitt$1  :ile j z   
quickly ! door is %ut 9 ! face ( :atev] 
does n  g to prove _! fir/ & f9al       
conception to be correct4               
,illu/ration3 ,,s+le-,,h&]    ,almo/ e  
man ,i "k ( :o has contribut$ to !      
lit]ature ( !  s+le-h&] has fir/ sat by 
! fireside & design$ a craft &  !n built
 & sail$ x to prove t x is ! only p]fect
 ?+4    ,g ov] a fleet ( ?is k9d2 :at   
are !y8 ,ei!r big toy boats or  small   
copies ( l>ge vessels4 ,:ile !y may     
p]fectly fit ! !ory  & be !oretically   
p]fect1 !y are practically ( no use1 or 
else  inf]ior 9 _m ways to a boat ( !   
same dim5sions design$ by  exp]i5ce4 ,! 
e>lie/ types ( ^! boats 7 closely m\ld$ 

^u ! l9es ( fi%+ craft1 be+ models built
 to )/& !  r\gh usage ( t trade1 & suit$
 to o> & sail alike4 ,t a  craft l ?is  
matur$ 9 a r\gh locality is ! be/ = its 
purpose  is frequ5tly true1 b t x is be/
 = ano!r purpose is z  frequ5tly false4 
,?is is an error common to _m :o h      
advocat$ "s local type  ( boat =        
univ]sal use4 ,hav+ employ$ x           
successfully 9 c]ta9  wat]s1 !y         
imp]atively ass]t t x w suit all wat]s1 
&  hav+ f\nd x to answ] "o purpose1 !y  
are equally c]ta9  t x w answ] all4 ,x  
is ! old /ory ( ! bl9d m5 &  !          
elephant--t ( =m+ a comp\nd conclusion f
 a s+le  obs]vation4    ,if a man       
cruise1 & cruise )\t assi/ance1 ! fir/  
important  ?+ is t 8 craft be "o t he c 
h&le )\t excessive  muscul> /ra94 ,!re=e
 %e mu/ n be heavy = h] size1 & h]  ge> 
mu/ be ( su* weight z w readily p]mit ( 
8 work+ x4  ,! ge> mu/ be simple & (    
/r5g?2 ! rig "o t ne$s !  lea/ att5tion4
 ,?is is exactly :at ! typical s+le-h&] 
is n4    ,! typical s+le-h&] is a       

co>se-l9$1 heavily built craft1 )       
complicat$ ge> & divid$ canvas4 ,%e is  
g5]ally v full-bodi$  & badly ov]load$ )
 balla/4 ,h] initial /ability is great1 
&  h] helm action sl[4 ,?is is ! type ( 
craft advocat$ by ne>ly all  :o h writt5
 on ?is subject4 ,"o ( ! prime virtues (
 ?is type  9 ! eyes ( s+le-h&] writ]s1  
is1 t su* craft are good sea  boats4 ,a 
few ye>s ago boats ( ?is description 7 m
 common ?an  !y are to-day1 b _m are    
/ill afloat4 ,! favorite rig is t (     
cutt] or yawl4    ,^! boats are safe--t 
is1 !y seldom capsize--& are good sea   
boats1 if simple ability to float 9 r\gh
 wat] con/itutes a good  sea2 b !y are  
sl[1 awkw>d to h&le1 & utt]ly unable to 
make  way 9 r\gh wat] & heavy w9ds4     
,(f ! w9d 9 all wea!r !y move sl[ly &   
/e] badly & 9  light breezes are logs4  
,"o ( ^! boats t ,i h&l$ w\ld yaw  f\r  
po9ts ei!r way :5 runn+ (f 9 a foll[+   
sea1 & :5  close-haul$ 9 a bl[ w\ld lie 
d[n & sag (f bodily to leew>d4 ,x  0    
utt]ly impossible to get h] to w9dw>d   

except "u conditions  ( a smoo? sea &   
/eady breeze1 wea!r 9 :i* any vessel w d
  h] be/4    ,i rememb] once see+ a     
small cutt]-rigg$1 s+le-h&] try+ =      
sev]al h\rs to beat r\nd ,mat9icock     
,po9t aga9/ a head sea &  w9d4 ,?is     
vessel1 :i* 0 built aft] ! plans ( a    
celebrat$  s+le-h&]'s boat1 0 a failure 
on e po9t ( sail+4 ,ano!r  "t we pass$ a
 small cutt] (f ,saybrook2 %e 0 jump+ up
 & d[n  & *opp+ waves at a great rate4  
,our consort1 :o _h pass$ !  same po9t  
two h\rs be=e1 report$ speak+ ! ya*t 9  
almo/ !  same position1 & no d\bt %e    
w\ld be !re yet if ! w9d & tide  _h n   
%ift$ & lift$ h] 94    ,! ess5tial      
elem5t ( safety 9 all vessels is ! p[]  
to move  =w>d "u all conditions ( wea!r4
 ,?is is especially s ( a  sail+ craft4 
,!re mu/ also be a p]fect & rapid       
ob$i5ce to !  helm4 ,a sl[-mov+ or      
sluggi% craft is a dang]\s "o4 ,! small]
  ! vessel ! m true ?is is4    ,! o!r   
elem5t ( safety is ! mobility ( ! rig4  
,! ability  to make1 r$uce & %ift sail  

rapidly is ess5tial to safety4 ,?is  is 
only possible :5 ! sails & sp>s are     
proportion$ to !  /r5g? ( ^? manipulat+ 
!m1 & ! ge> ( ! simple/ &  mo/ direct   
description4 ,! ov] subdivid+ ( canvas  
is b\nd to  complicate ! ge>2 ! keep+ ( 
! canvas 9 l>ge sails to make  ! sp>s   
heavy & unwieldy4    ,! mo/ p]fect type 
( boat & rig = "o man to h&le is !      
cat--9 !ory2 b 9 practice x fails 9 _m  
ways4 ,if ! wea!r  0 a con/ant x w\ld be
 ! ideal rig4 ,b w9ds are *angeable  ?+s
 9 all localities4 ,s long z a cat c    
c>ry h] :ole  sail com=tably %e is !    
safe/ & mo/ easily h&l$ rig 9  exi/5ce2 
b once reef h] & %e =feits mu* ( h]     
ability4 ,!n  aga91 9 /rong w9ds1 %e is 
a bad runn]1 & h] sail be+ l>ge  & well 
outbo>d %e is difficult to reef4 ,=     
w9dw>d "w "u  favorable conditions ! cat
 is unrival$1 & z a "o-man boat %e is  =
 "s purposes )\t a pe]4 ,b ,i d n       
recomm5d ! rig =  s+le-h&$ cruis+4      
,let u next consid] ! sloop4 ,?is is1   
except = v small craft1  an inf]ior rig 

= ! purpose to ! cat1 x hav+ all !      
latt]'s  faults )\t any o!r advantages  
to comp5sate4 ,9 s+le-h&]s  "u #bj feet 
top measure ! sloop rig w "w v dec5tly4 
,b  x is decid$ly inf]ior to !          
knockab\t1 = ! reason t 9  ord] to exp& 
its canvas bo? ! boom & b[sprit mu/ be  
c>ri$  outbo>d4 ,?is latt] rig1 if kept 
d[n to reasonable proportions1 is  bett]
 ?an ei!r cat1 sloop or cutt] =         
s+le-h&]s "u #cj  feet top measure4 ,b  
all ^! ?ree rigs h ! "o objectionable   
feature1 t 9 ord] to reef ! boat mu/    
ei!r leave h] c\rse  or be hove-to :ile 
! op]ation is p]=m$1 a s]i\s            
disadvantage  "u r\gh conditions4    ,9 
a full-mann$ vessel1 reef+1 :5 ! prop]  
me?od is employ$1  is a simple affair1 b
 reef+ by "o h& is always a long &      
tr\blesome job4 ,if ! vessel _c be kept 
on h] c\rse & is  br\ght to ! w9d ! "w  
is made mu* m difficult ow+ to  ! roll+ 
& pit*+4 ,n only is ?is ! case1 b x is v
  (t5 dang]\s to v5ture on a b[sprit at 
su* a "t or to hang out  ov] ! /]n 9    

ord] to secure ! cr+le-la%+4 ,any "o :o 
has reef$ a jib :5 ! boat is head to !  
w9d & pit*+ into  a /eep sea w n d5y    
?is4 ,la/ summ] 9 reef+ d[n1 ow+  to !  
weight ( ! w9d1 ,i 0 oblig$ to take !   
sail completely  (f my boat1 z x 0      
impossible to knot ! po9ts ) ! canvas   
/ra9+2 los+ h] way1 %e fell (f into !   
tr\gh ( ! sea1  :i* 0 runn+ v l>ge1 &   
roll$ s heavily t %e ?rew all  h&s (f _!
 feet4 ,we c\ld d no?+ b hold on until  
at la/ we  7 oblig$ to run h] (f "u !   
peak & reef h] runn+4 ,?is  manoeuvre   
co/ u a good two miles ( h>d-won wea!r  
gauge4    ,! ?ree be/ rigs = s+le-man   
h&l+ are ! ket*1 yawl or  %>pie1 or     
d\ble cat1 z x is sometimes call$4 ,!   
advantages (  ! yawl & ket* rig ,i h    
expla9$ 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,! d\ble  cat is 
also fairly good1 b its *ief objection  
is t ! /epp+  ( ! =ema/ 9 ! eyes ( !    
boat makes x close "w =w>d &  ! lack ( a
 b[sprit increases ! "w ( h&l+ ! an*or4 
,z to ! size ( a s+le-h&]4 ,i h h&l$    
boats ( #ce feet1 top  measure alone1 b 

x 0 labor2 ! gr\nd tackle = su* a craft 
be+ a big lift = "o man4 ,! only        
advantage ( a long boat is !  increas$  
spe$ & accommodation1 b ! latt] is      
g5]ally n  want$4    ,i w\ld recomm5d = 
?is purpose a boat ( n ov] #cj feet--#be
 is  bett]--& ( ei!r yawl or ket* rig4  
,a mod]ate sail plan1 light  sp>s &     
/rong rigg+1 ! iron "w especially be+   
extra heavy4  ,! hull1 :ile /rongly     
built1 %\ld be clean-l9$1 &1 above all1 
/iff & wea!rly4 ,! la/ is ! prime       
necessity4 ,%e mu/ be  capable ( go+ to 
w9dw>d "u any set ( sail4 ,at lea/ half 
h]  balla/ %\ld be inside1 firmly       
secur$4 ,%e %\ld /e] ) a :eel4    ,we c 
summon all ?is up 9 "o s5t5ce1 t w      
concisely describe  ! ideal s+le-h&]3 ,a
 fa/ hull & a small rig4                
,illu/ration3 ,,full-,,rigg$ ,,s*oon]   
,,on ,,seago+ ,,boats      ,! sea & !   
w9d are n our enemies4 ,!y seldom de/roy
 our  vessels )\t our connivance4 ,x is 
our own folly1 neglect or  c>elessness1 
t op5s ! way = ! attack4      ,,on      

,,seago+ ,,boats    ,! fir/ & absolute  
necessity ( a seago+ boat is freebo>d2 !
  second is a complete deck & wat]-tight
 op5+s4 ,giv5 ^! two  ?+s & y h an almo/
 safe craft4 ,!re is no "q (  capsiz+ a 
well-design$ ya*t ( to-day by p[] ( !   
w9d4 ,our  outside balla/$ boats _c be  
kept wrong side up1 s long z !  wat] is 
kept out ( !m4 ,!y may be hove d[n on _!
 sides &  fill & s9k1 b !y _c be turn$  
completely ov] s long z  !y reta9 _!    
buoyancy4 ,i h be5 9 "o ( !m1 a boat    
c>ry+  only ab\t half ! usual weight (  
lead = a vessel ( h] size1  t 0 laid on 
h] side 9 a squall ) bo? ma9sail & jib 9
  ! wat]2 %e rema9$ 9 ?is position =    
ne>ly two m9utes1 &  !n right$ :5 ! =ce 
( ! squall 0 sp5t4 ,h] lead kept h]  f  
turn+ "r ov]1 & h] l>ge freebo>d kept h]
 f edg+  d[n4 ,%e simply made a bottom (
 h] side & float$ on x4 ,t is  "o       
advantage ( freebo>d4 ,_h %e be5 a      
n>r[-sid$ boat %e w\ld  h be5 =c$ betwe5
 ! pressure ( lead & w9d deep] into  !  
wat]1 b z x 0 h] displacem5t1 ow+ to !  

be>+ up (  ! sail & ma/1 0 probably less
 :5 9 t position ?an :5  /&+ upright4   
,aga91 freebo>d increases ! range (     
heel4 ,?is is ( enorm\s  advantage :5   
sail+ 9 a sea way ) a /rong breeze4 ,!  
tripp+  p[] ( ! wave is exhau/$ be=e !  
rail is br\ght d[n1 &  ! boat n receiv+ 
a load ( wat] on h] lee deck rights s   
mu*  quick]4 ,a l[-sid$ boat :5 cant$ by
 a beam sea edges h] rail  "u & %ovels !
 wat] up on h] deck z %e recov]s4 ,= ?is
  reason seago+ craft %\ld h _! upp]    
freebo>d slightly  tumbl$ home4 ,bulw>ks
 & high rails are bad ?+s1 & comb+s     
%\ld be kept well inbo>d1 :ile rais$    
cab9 h\ses if fitt$ %\ld  n be c>ri$ too
 close to ! wat]ways4 ,rails & bulw>ks z
 f>  aft z ! rigg+ c be rais$ to an     
advantage1 z !y prev5t !  wat] f com+ 9 
& n pass+ out4 ,wat] 9 break+ on bo>d  w
 always foll[ along any?+ l ! side ( a  
h\se1 & :5  rea*+ a break spread 94 ,?is
 is h[ cockpits are s easily fill$4  ,! 
height is sudd5ly cut d[n f h\se to     
comb+1 & ! sea  hav+ become cr[d$ up to 

! height ( ! h\se 9 its passage aft1  :5
 x comes to ! l[ place ru%es into !     
cockpit4 ,if ! comb+  is c>ri$ up to !  
height ( ! h\se ! wat] w pass along &  g
 out ov] ! /]n4    ,balla/$ boats %\ld  
nev] g into r\gh wat] unless !y h       
wat]-tight cockpits & wat]-tight        
companions & op5+s4 ,b  a wat]-tight    
cockpit1 unless x is well-scupp]$ &     
really  self-bail+1 is ( little use4 ,9 
eight out ( t5 small ya*ts !  cockpits  
are n1 al?\gh !y pret5d to be1          
self-bail+4 ,!y w  bail p]fectly :5 at  
an*or4 ,9 ord] to bail quickly ! floor  
mu/  be at lea/ t5 in*es above ! load   
wat] l9e4 ,"h aga9 freebo>d  comes 94   
,aga91 ! plac+ ( ! scupp]s 9 ! =w>d end 
( !  cockpit & _! outbo>d op5+s "u !    
bilge is decid$ly wrong4  ,9 ! fir/     
place x keeps ! wat] at all times 9 !   
=w>d end  ( ! /&+ room aga9/ ! cab91 j  
:]e y move ab\t2 9  ! second e drop t   
goes out ?r\gh ! lee pipe has to =ce    
its way aga9/ a pressure4 ,?is pressure 
is also con/antly driv+  ! wat] up &    

into ! boat4 ,! place = ! scupp]s is aft
 )  ! op5+s "u ! /]n4 ,"h !re is con/ant
 suction s long z  ! boat is mov+ ahead1
 no matt] to :i* side or h[ f> %e heels4
  ,aga91 if ! floor is slop$ aft1 :atev]
 wat] is on ! /&+  room w run aft & be  
out ( ! way1 a measure ( com=t t  ^? :o 
sail 9 r\gh wat] c appreciate4 ,x is n  
g5]ally kn[n  b a boat go+ at spe$ ( f\r
 knots & ov] w1 if equipp$ )  prop]     
scupp]s1 siphon1 i4 e41 suck ! wat] out4
    ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,seago+ ,,boat    
,ano!r bad practice ( build]s is to put 
/ation>y seats ar\nd  a cockpit ) lock]s
 b5ea? !m4 ,?is nev] %\ld be done4 ,y   
_c keep !m tight1 ! wood be+ con/antly  
subject to wat] &  sun4 ,nev] put lock]s
 ( any k9d 9 a boat ) outbo>d op5+s4    
,ano!r bad practice is t ( putt+ 9 l[   
companion ?re%olds4  ,! ?re%old ( !     
companion %\ld be z high or high] ?an  !
 side ( ! boat1 & %\ld on no acc\nt1 no 
matt] h[ high  ! cockpit floor is1 be on
 a level ) x4 ,! usual mann] (          
con/ruct+ companion doors is also op5 to

 objection4 ,! new me?od  9 :i* ! door  
slides d[n into a recess ?r\gh a        
rubb]-pack$  jo9t is f> bett] ?an ! old 
way ( clos+4 ,su* a door c be  made     
absolutely wat]-tight1 & c be op5$ )\t  
be+ op5$4  ,?is enables y to see into ! 
cab9 or out ( x )\t runn+  ! slide back 
or risk+ gett+ a wa% bel[ by op5+ !     
doors4  ,^! may seem trivial details1 b 
x is ! neglect ( su* to ^:  acc\nt !    
loss ( ! majority ( seago+ vessels mu/  
be plac$4  ,poor hat*es & l[1 badly     
protect$ eng9e room skylights are       
responsible = ne>ly all ! /eam%ips t g  
to sea1 & are nev]  he>d ( aga94 ,keep !
 wat] out & y c live out any?+ 9 !  way 
( sea or w9d4 ,let x get 9 & ev]y?+ t   
be=e made y\r  craft seawor?y w be an   
aid to y\r end+4 ,y\r balla/ w be a     
weight to s9k y1 & ! empty space t gave 
y buoyancy s mu*  room to quickly fill )
 wat]4    ,aft] ?is1 look to y\r pump4  
,:]e is x8 ,9 mo/ ya*ts directly        
amid%ips1 draw+ out ( a well ov] ! l[e/ 
"p ( ! keel4  ,:]e %\ld x be8 ,9 ! place

 :]e x c be us$ :5 mo/  want$--! bilge4 
,y mu/ h a means ( draw+ f ! c5t]1  s y 
c pump out :5 at an*or or sail+ upright4
 ,b all pumps  %\ld h a bilge intake4 ,x
 w\ld be a v simple matt] to make  su* a
 connection ) a cock to cut (f ! o!r    
intakes4 ,h[ (t51  :5 he lea/ wants to1 
has a man to let 8 boat up1 s z to get !
  wat] amid%ips = ! purpose ( pump+ x   
out4 ,if he c\ld pump  f ! bilges ?is   
com+ up w\ld be unnecess>y4 ,to kill a  
boat's  way 9 a heavy beam or head sea1 
s z to get h] on h] keel1 is a  dang]\s 
artifice2 b x mu/ be done ) ! pump      
amid%ips1 if y  want to get ! wat] out1 
& keep a dry cab94 ,e seago+ small  ya*t
 %\ld h at lea/ two fix$ pumps1 & a     
movable "o4 ,!  fix$ pumps %\ld be      
con/antly look$ to1 & ! limb]s kept     
clean4  ,nev] /[ inside weight alongside
 ( or ov] ! intake1 & nev]  all[ rubbi% 
to be swept into ! spaces betwe5 !      
floors4 ,) a  good pump a man c keep d[n
 all ! wat] t w "w into a tight  boat   
?r\gh h] bottom1 topsides & deck4       

,all seago+ ya*ts %\ld h ! rudd] po/    
box$ up & c>ri$  well above ! wat] l9e4 
,! neglect ( ?is is ! cause ( mu*       
leakage4 ,%e %\ld also h 9 h] rudd]     
blade a bor+ or rod 9  :i* to make fa/  
em]g5cy l9es or *a9s4 ,9 craft t h _!   
rudd]s well "u !m a rod mu/ be us$1 b 9 
%all[ boats )  broad blades a hole bor$ 
?r\gh ! out] edge w d4 ,^! l9es  are    
extremely useful :5 an*or$ 9 a sea way2 
by haul+ !m taut  ov] ei!r qu>t] y c    
relieve ! /ra9 on ! head ( ! po/  & ge> 
atta*$ to x4 ,9 case ( a breakd[n ( !   
quadrant1 :eel  or po/ head1 y c at once
 take control ( ! rudd] & keep !  boat  
"u comm&4    ,no boat %\ld g into r\gh  
wat] = a long run unless %e h  r+bolts  
aft = ! purpose ( pass+ boom la%+s1 &   
also a  fix$ boom crot*1 or at lea/ "o t
 c be made immovable4 ,!re is  no o!r   
way ( keep+ a boom /eady :5 ! sail is   
l[]$ d[n4  ,y _c by any possible means d
 s ) la%+s1 unless y c  horn x 9 a      
crot*4 ,a loose boom is a con/ant m5ace4
 ,provision also  %\ld be made = !      

trysail %eets1 & = body la%+s = !  crew1
 & la%+s = ! boat1 ev5 if y h davits4 ,!
 pr9cipal  weak spot 9 ! rigg+ ( a boat 
t is to be driv5 9 heavy wat]  is !     
bob/ay4 ,t piece ( rigg+ is (t5 c>ri$   
away 9 a sea  ?an any o!r1 & usually x  
is ! bolt t goes4 ,look to x1 &  look to
 x well2 = if x p>ts1 mo/ likely y w    
lose y\r ma/4  ,! only safegu>d lies 9  
rigg+ a prev5t] /ay t w set up  ) a     
tackle1 ! fall lead+ inbo>d4 ,! /ay %\ld
 be ( wire  rope prop]ly & /rongly      
secur$ to ! /em4 ,use ei!r a gun tackle 
or luff tackle--! latt] is pref]able--& 
be sure to give x pl5ty  ( drift4 ,:5 9 
use1 set x up j scant ( ! /ra91 s t if  
! bob/ay p>ts x w cat* ! /ra9 be=e ! sp>
 gets a good  spr+4 ,9 boats t h a =e/ay
 set up to ! /em head !re is  less      
likelihood ( ?is accid5t happ5+2 b x is 
always be/ to  h a prev5t] fitt$4 ,make 
! fall fa/ ar\nd ! bitts or ma/  :]e y c
 readily get at x1 & hold a turn to set 
x up4 ,seago+  boats %\ld h two %r\ds on
 a side & set up ) lany>ds 9  pref]5ce  

to rigg+ screws4 ,if y fit ! latt]1 h !m
 ab\t  twice ! size ( ^? ord9>ily put on
 by rigg]s4 ,%e %\ld also  h a heavy set
 ( ma/head runn]s & duplicate eyes to   
set !m up  to1 "o pair be+ plac$ well   
aft4 ,our mod]n full-b[$ boats are  v   
h>d on _! rigg+ & sp>s :5 9 a sea way1 &
 ne$ to be  heavily iron$4    ,outside (
 h] ord9>y sails a seago+ ya*t ne$s a   
trysail1 a  small squ>e sail1 & a small 
jib or /aysail1 all made ( heavy        
canvas4 ,p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid 
to ! rop+ & clews  ( ^! sails4 ,x is (  
no use us+ heavy canvas if ! clew irons 
are frail & ! rope light4 ,a gaff-head$ 
trysail is bett] ?an a  jib-head$1 b x  
is m bo!r to set4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to  
see  t ! cleat or r+bolt = ! trysail    
%eet is 9 su* a position  z w all[ !    
sail to be prop]ly %eet$1 = a trysail :5
 us$  = rid+ mu/ set flat1 or else x w  
bang itself to pieces4    ,9 seago+     
craft looks don't c\nt1 & !re=e be n    
afraid to  make all y\r rigg+ heavy &   
/rong1 & :]ev] possible h a  fitt+ or   

tackle t c be in/antly made to take !   
place ( "o  t c>ries away4 ,always :5 9 
r\gh wat] or 9 heavy wea!r keep  a vang 
or d[n-haul on ! peak ( ! gaff4 ,x is   
sometimes ! only  ?+ t w br+ ! sail d[n1
 & x gives y comm& ( !  sp>1 especially 
:5 ! ya*t is roll+ heavily4 ,! *af+ (   
ge>  :5 9 a sea way is con/ant & ru9\s4 
,to prev5t x a close wat*  mu/ be kept  
on all ropes :]e !y pass ?r\gh blocks or
 lie aga9/  sp>s or o!r ropes4 ,if y\r  
halli>ds & %eet rema9 long 9 "o  place  
!y mu/ be canvas$ or armor$ ) "s sort ( 
*af+ /uff4    ,"o m important ?+4 ,:5ev]
 y get f> f l&1 la% ! o>s  & rudd] 9 !  
d+ey4 ,!n put 9 a good long coil ( light
 l9e1  a bucket1 a jug or break] ( wat]1
 & en\gh food to la/ = a day  or two4   
,la% ^! 9 s !y _c get out4 ,_m a life   
has be5 lo/  & _m a man has suff]$      
horribly because ^! simple precautions  
h be5 neglect$4 ,some?+ sudd5ly happ5s  
to ! ya*t2 x is a  case ( boat at once4 
,! crew ?r[ ! boat ov] & jump 94 ,too   
late !y f9d t ! o>s are gone or t !re is

 no wat] or  food4 ,! bucket & rope are 
= use z a sea an*or4    ,illu/ration3   
,,full-,,rigg$ ,,s*oon]          ,,on   
,,rigs      ,! pres5t t5d5cy ( canvas+  
is to increase ! numb] ( sails  on      
cruis+ ya*ts1 & to decrease on rac+     
craft4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es  t 9 bo? cases  
we are do+ ! "r ?+4 ,ultimate spe$ is   
f\nd 9 s+le sails2 ease ( h&l+1 safety &
 mobility 9 divid$  sail4      ,,on     
,,rigs    ,9 discuss+ rigs suitable =   
cruis+ we may at once dismiss f         
consid]ation sev]al t are 9 common use1 
b :i* are n adapt$  = s]vice 9 our      
wat]s1 or are di/9ctly inf]ior by reason
 (  be+ difficult to h&le ) small &     
unskillful crews4 ,we w1  also1 dismiss 
! true cutt] rig f our consid]ations1 z 
x has  almo/ pass$ out ( use1 its place 
be+ tak5 by ! mod]n type (  s+le-/ick]1 
:i* is "p cutt] & "p sloop4 ,?is        
comb9ation  rig is n 9 its full sp>r+   
suitable = boats "u =ty feet1  b :5     
/ripp$ ( ! topma/ x is 9 "s ways an     
excell5t type4    ,we c also drop ! cat1

 & :at is call$ ! cat-yawl1 f our  li/4 
,! f\r rigs to :i* ,i %all call y\r     
att5tion are !  pole-ma/ sloop1 yawl1   
ket* & s*oon]4    ,! pole-ma/ sloop1 (  
:i* ! knockab\t is ! common] specim51   
is an excell5t rig = use on a cruis]4 ,!
 diff]5ce betwe5  ! sloop prop] & !     
knockab\t is 9 ! me?od ( spread+  !     
canvas2 9 ! sloop ! canvas is spread    
=e-&-aft1 a l>ge  p]c5tage be+ =w>d ( ! 
ma/2 9 ! knockab\t ! mu*  great] "p ( ! 
spread is 9 ! ma9sail1 & ! hoi/ is      
high]4  ,! tall1 n>r[-peak$ ma9sail ( ! 
latt] is its *>act]i/ic  feature4 ,! jib
 is small & tack$ d[n to ! /em head4    
,! disadvantage ( ?is rig is t suffici5t
 canvas to drive  a heavy1 full-bodi$   
boat _c be spread2 consequ5tly1 a true  
knockab\t is a comp>atively roomless    
craft4    ,! false knockab\t1 a ba/>d   
craft t is becom+ v common1 is  "o 9 :i*
 ! sail area is increas$ by ext5d+ !    
headsail on a  b[sprit1 & runn+ ! boom  
outbo>d4    ,! pole-ma/ sloop has _m w>m
 advocates1 & is )\t "q  a f> bett] rig 

?an ! old sloop1 hamp]$ ) topma/ & l(ty 
ge>1 b x %>es ) all s+le-ma/$ vessels ! 
faults t are  common to ! type4 ,! mo/  
s]i\s ( ^! is1 t y _c  %ort5 sail except
 by reef+4 ,?is c be done ) ! yawl1 ket*
  & s*oon] rigs4    ,i h he>d _m m51 &  
m5 ( exp]i5ce1 decry ! yawl rig1  giv+ z
 _! op9ion t x is inf]ior 9 e way to !  
%ort-rigg$ sloop4 ,b ,i h g5]ally f\nd t
 ^! m5 h  =m$ _! judgm5t f ! actions (  
"o boat1 & t fail+ to  confirm          
preconceiv$ op9ions !y h condemn$ !     
type1 root1 bole  & bran*4    ,9 an     
article ^u ! yawl rig1 writt5 "s "t     
back1 ,i expla9$  "o ( ! reasons :y ?is 
rig came into favor1 & :y x has lo/     
favor ) _m :o at fir/ highly valu$ x4 ,i
 _c d bett] ?an  repr9t ^! rem>ks3    ,x
 has be5 said t ! wor/ enemy a man c h  
is 8 be/  fri5d4 ,h[soev] ?is may be 9 !
 _w ( m51 x is mo/ c]ta9ly  s 9 ! _w (  
?+s1 & n[h]e has unmeasur$ eulogy ( !   
be/ fri5d wr\ght great] havoc ?an 9 !   
case ( ! yawl rig4  ,un=tunately = !    
yawl rig1 x has be5 repeat$ly *os5 to   

drive  ! craft ( ! writ+ lonesome       
sailor1 & consequ5tly x has  figur$ to a
 m>k$ degree 9 ya*t+ lit]ature1 & z ^!  
writ]s  h lavi%$ ^u x page ^u page (    
unqualifi$ praise1 !  effect has be5 to 
lift ! rig into a s+ul> & prom95t       
position1  & to surr\nd x ) a glam\r n !
 less *>m+ because a  sp>kle ( tru?     
conc5trates & enhances its delusive     
glitt]4    ,illu/ration3 ,,yawl ,,rigs  
,!re is no "q b :at n>ratives l ^? p5n$ 
by !  fam\s s+le-h& sailor ,mc,millan 7 
! cause ( ! yawl's sudd5  elevation to  
favor 9 ,am]ican wat]s1 & !re is no "q b
  :at "s books are responsible = mu* ( !
 fabul\s t envelopes  ! rig4 ,!re are   
few ( u :o w\ld be ready to swall[ all t
 a  lov] might say 9 praise ( 8 mi/ress1
 & yet a man is j z  likely to magnify !
 po9ts & virtues ( 8 vessel z he is ^?  
( 8 ,dulc9ea2 !re=e we _c be too c>eful 
9 accept+ !  evid5ce ( ! infatuat$      
ya*tsman or 9 adopt+ 8 f9d+ z           
infallible prec$5ts4 ,=1 (t5 c>ri$ away 
by ! good behavior  ( 8 craft1 he jumps 

at a conclusion1 attribut+ to "o        
quantity  t :i* %\ld be adjudg$ to !    
fabric z a :ole4 ,?is is (t5  ! case2 & 
aga91 too frequ5tly is ! rig ( ! vessel 
blam$  = results :i* are ! sum ( defects
 altoge!r =eign to a  peculi> sp>r+ &   
canvas+4    ,illu/ration3 ,,yawl ,,rigs 
,! unqualifi$ praise :i* has be5 lavi%$ 
on ! yawl rig has1  z is usual1 awak5$ a
 no less unqualifi$ /orm ( dispraise4   
,:ile  ! yawlman has1 ) t noble         
effront]y :i* di/+ui%es !  true crank1  
claim$ = 8 favorite rig ev]y?+ 9 sight1 
!  recalcitrant unbeliev] has z broadly 
d5i$ x1 ev5 ^? common  virtues :i* "o   
suppos$ to be possess$ by ev5 ! meane/ &
 mo/  primitive craft4    ,i h no       
hesitancy 9 say+ t s f> z ! driv+ value 
( !  mizz5 is conc]n$ x is an           
unimportant quantity4 ,?is is especially
  s :5 on ! w9d4 ,on mo/ ( ! yawls ,i h 
h&l$ !re has  be5 good cause = ?is4 ,9 !
 fir/ place1 ! boomk9s 7 too  %ort1 & ! 
o!r sp>s too light4 ,y _c expect a sail 
to sit  prop]ly & hold its draught on   

buckl+ sp>s4 ,! lead ( ! %eet  is su* t 
! boom _c be kept rigid1 & j z soon z x 
bl[s its end turns up l a pugdog's tail1
 ?r[+ ! canvas all  out ( %ape4 ,!n !   
back-w9d f ! ma9sail makes x impossible 
to keep ! mizz5 full unless x is %eet$ v
 flat4 ,on yawls )  gaff-head$ mizz5s ! 
ma/ is frequ5tly too %ort2 consequ5tly  
! head ( ! sail _c be kept 9 place4 ,)  
jib-head$ mizz5s  ! same sp> is too     
light2 9 consequ5ce :5 ! %eet is br\ght 
d[n h>d ! ma/ buckles aft1 ?r[+ ! head (
 ! sail into a  bag4 ,h[ frequ5tly y see
 a yawl on ! w9d ) h] mizz5 all  a-%iv]4
 ,if y make ! boomk9 long]1 ! boom /\t]1
 & give  ! ma/ a good head1 y w get a   
bett] sitt+ & m effici5t  sail4         
,illu/ration3 ,,yawl ,,rigs    ,n[ let  
u1 9 ord] to te/ ! qualities (          
%ort-rigg$ sloop &  yawl1 place !m 9 su*
 situations z !y are liable to get into 
:5 cruis+4 ,fir/ !y are caught 9 a      
heavy1 sudd5 bl[ ) a  lee %ore close    
abo>d4 ,x is necess>y to %ort5 sail at  
once4 ,!  yawl simply l[]s h] ma9sail &1

 hold+ way "u mizz5 & jib1  =]ea*es     
along1 :ile ! crew1 hav+ secur$ ! boom1 
proce$ to  tie 9 ! reefs4 ,! sloop is 9 
su* a situation t %e _c run  (f2 %e mu/ 
ei!r an*or1 l[] ev]y?+ & drift1 or else 
jolly  along ) head %eets fl[$ & ! peak 
( ! ma9sail up4 ,hav+ a  "p ( ! ma9sail 
draw+ increases ! difficulty ( reef+1 & 
if !re is any sea ! l[]+ ( ! sail w     
cause h] to roll1  mak+ x bad "w secur+ 
! clew4 ,! yawl's clew is inbo>d1  :]e x
 c be readily h&l$1 & ow+ to h] jib &   
mizz5 %eets  be+ aft %e is comp>atively 
/eady4    ,illu/ration3 ,,%>pie         
,illu/ration3 ,,knockab\t               
,illu/ration3 ,,%>pie    ,illu/ration3  
,,raceab\t    ,aga91 we w suppose t bo? 
^! boats h come to an*or1  sails /[$ &  
awn+s up4 ,x comes on to bl[1 & x is    
necess>y  to %ift b]? to a m secure     
an*orage4 ,! yawl hoi/s h] jib  &       
mizz5--a v easy matt]--& beats up to a  
bett] an*orage4  ,! sloop has to take 9 
h] awn+1 cle> decks & p]haps reef !     
ma9sail be=e hoi/+ x to foll[4 ,h[ _m   

times has ! cruis+  man rema9$ 9 an     
uncom=table b]? because ( ! labor ( mak+
  sail on 8 sloop aft] all has be5      
snugg$ d[n8    ,n[ let u suppose ^! two 
boats are runn+ (f l>ge1 ) a /eep  sea &
 heavy w9d4 ,! yawl takes 9 h] mizz5 &  
lets h] boom  broad (f1 its %ort l5g?   
prev5t+ ! dang] ( tripp+4 ,!  sloop has 
no mizz5 to take 91 b x has a long boom 
:i* mu/ be  wat*$ c>efully or else      
topp$-up4 ,& ) a /rong beam w9d !  yawl 
) jib & mizz5 /[$ w rat* along "u reef$ 
ma9sail2  v few sloops w d t4    ,"o "t 
:5 com+ d[n along %ore ) a yawl we _h an
 un/eady  nor?we/ w9d1 bl[+ a good      
:ole-sail breeze1 ) n[ & aga9  trem5d\s 
heavy puffs1 act+ z w9d (f l& frequ5tly 
does4 ,we  made company ) a sloop ( ab\t
 our own size1 b a mu* fa/]  boat4 ,9 ! 
puffs x 0 necess>y = bo? ( u to let up1 
b !  re/ ( ! "t we c\ld c>ry our canvas 
)\t worry+4 ,i put  two h&s on ! ma9    
%eet ) ord]s to spill ! sail :5 a puff  
/ruck1 &1 keep+ on my c\rse1 %iv]$ h]   
?r\gh4 ,! sloop man  fir/ tri$ luff+    

out1 b1 los+ di/ance by ?is1 he resort$ 
to  />t+ %eet & be>+ (f2 consequ5tly he 
0 all ov] ! %op4  ,once or twice he _h  
to drop 8 peak 9 ord] to keep control4  
,nei!r  ( u want$ to get (f%ore1 z we _h
 to haul up at ! next po9t1  s 7 hugg+ !
 bea* r close4 ,at la/ he gave 91 an*or$
  & />t$ to reef4 ,we foll[$ suit1 b    
kept on our c\rse "u  jib & mizz51 gett+
 a two-mile lead & fir/ home4 ,he came  
abo>d  t ev5+ & ask$ me :at k9d ( yawl 8
 sloop w\ld make4 ,z  he flick$ ! oakum 
out ( u ! next day 9 a beat to w9dw>d ,i
 am  afraid he didn't /ay conv]t$1 b    
relaps$ into ! sloop h]esy4             
,illu/ration3 ,,clipp] ,,dory           
,illu/ration3 ,,cat ,,sloop             
,illu/ration3 ,,fi%+ ,,dory             
,illu/ration3 ,,cat    ,! ket* rig1 :i* 
is v l ! yawl1 has all ! latt]'s        
virtues & defects & a few ( its own4 ,! 
diff]5ce betwe5 !  ket* & ! yawl is ?is3
 9 ! yawl ! mizz5-ma/ is /epp$  abaft ! 
rudd] po/1 & 9 ! ket* =w>d ( x4 ,9 !    
ket*  ?is br+s ! ma/ j :]e x is mo/ 9 ! 

way1 "r at !  =w>d end ( ! cockpit1     
g5]ally oblig+ ! putt+ ( !  companion on
 "o side1 or else tak+ ! hat* well =w>d 
to !  middle ( ! cab94 ,! ket* ma9sail  
is n>r[-foot$1 & long]  on ! hoi/ ?an t 
( ! yawl4 ,x is a v light & easy rig  to
 h&le1 & = l>ge boats is bett] ?an !    
yawl2 & = small  ones x is bett] ?an !  
s*oon]4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x is mo/ly us$  on
 %all[1 flat-bottom$ hulls1 su* z are   
employ$ 9 navigat+  ,s\!rn wat]s4 ,9 !  
,briti% ,isles x is a favorite rig =    
coa/]s1 & ,i h he>d x highly comm5d$ by 
coa/wise skipp]s4  ,mo/ ( ! sloops =m]ly
 us$ 9 t trade h be5 9 late ye>s        
conv]t$ into ket*es4 ,! mo/ m>k$        
advantage x has ov] ! yawl  is t1 if !  
l>ge/ sail be tak5 91 !re is left 9 !   
head  sails & mizz5 a good spread (     
canvas2 :]eas1 if ! ma9sail be  tak5 (f 
a yawl %e is "u too %ort sail to d      
satisfactory "w4  ,! advantage ! ket*   
has ov] ! s*oon] is 9 gett+ rid ( !     
long ma9 boom4    ,l ! catboat1 if !    
wea!r 7 a con/ant quantity1 ! s*oon]    

w\ld be a rig )\t pe]4 ,9 smoo? wat] &  
:5 %e c c>ry h]  sail1 especially to    
w9dw>d1 !re is no rig to equal ! s*oon]4
  ,%e has ! spe$ & wea!rl9ess ( ! sloop1
 ) light] &  easi] sails to h&le4 ,%e c 
be %ort5$ d[n )\t reef+1 &  c spread    
pl5ty ( light canvas 9 s(t w9ds4 ,h]    
defect is !  defect ( all =e-&-aft]s1   
al?\gh 9 h] case x is aggravat$ by  hav+
 ! ma9ma/ /epp$ fur!r aft--%e is a bad  
runn] 9 heavy  wat]4    ,i h made a     
passage ( twelve days 9 a s*oon]1 dur+  
:i* "t  we nev] _h ! /ops (f ! ma9sail2 
dur+ "p ( ! "t hav+  no aft]-sail1 & !  
re/ ( ! "t a trysail set4 ,to h set !   
ma9sail & squ>$ (f ! boom w\ld surely h 
br\ght ab\t a  disa/]4    ,illu/ration3 
,,jib ,,& ,,ma9sail    ,illu/ration3    
,,sloop ,,rig    ,let me "h repeat "s   
=m] rem>ks on ! subject3 ,x is (t5  a   
matt] ( wond] to l&sm5 :y sailors       
cont9ue to use squ>e  sails1 :5 to all  
int5ts ! =e-&-aft canvas is s mu* easi] 
to h&le4 ,s x is 9 smoo? wat] & "u      
av]age conditions2 s  long z "o ( our   

typical =e-&-aft s*oon]s c c>ry all sail
  & make progress 9 a w9dw>d direction  
!re is no abl] vessel  afloat4 ,b :5    
oblig$ to %ort5 d[n or make a run = x1  
!y  are ! wor/ craft 9 ! _w4 ,s long z y
 c keep sail on !m  !y w d all t a %ip c
 be ask$ to d1 b once !y are  /ripp$ 9 a
 gale1 good-bye to safety4 ,take a good 
look at an ord9>y  two-ma/$ coa/]1 & y w
 compreh5d at once :y ?is is4 ,^!       
vessels h enorm\sly long l[] ma/s1 & !  
spread ( ! rigg+  is 9 consequ5ce small2
 _! booms are long & heavy1 & all !     
weight above deck is c5t]$ 9 a l9e ov] !
 keel4 ,! pressure  ( canvas1 except :5 
! sails are w+$1 is all on "o side1  &  
is ex]t$ s z to br+ a twi/+ /ra9 ^u !   
support+  sp>s4 ,!re is n1 z 9 !        
squ>e-rigg]1 a balanc+ ( weights  &     
/ra9s4 ,! fre] ^! vessels are sail+ ! m 
pron\nc$  is ?is /ra94 ,! only relief ! 
sp> c f9d is to imp>t ?is  /ra9 to !    
hull1 :i* 9 consequ5ce =ces ! b[ 9 !    
opposite  direction & br+s a pressure ^u
 ! helm4 ,to prev5t ?is action a  r$uc+ 

( ! aft] canvas is necess>y4            
,illu/ration3 ,,pole ,,ma/ ,,sloop      
,illu/ration3 ,,cutt] ,,rig             
,illu/ration3 ,,ket*    ,illu/ration3   
,,small ,,s*oon]    ,a close /udy ( !   
=e-&-aft rigs us$ along our coa/ w %[   
:at devices h be5 resort$ to 9 ord] to  
rem$y ?is defect4 ,9  ! fir/ place1 !re 
0 ! subdivid+ ( ! ma9sail--mak+ a       
?ree-ma/]2 !n a gradual r$uction ( !    
spank]1 until on _m (  our ?ree-ma/$    
s*oon]s x is to-day ! smalle/ ( ! ?ree  
l[]  sails4 ,at ! same "t ! l[] ma/s h  
be5 %ort5$ & !  hoi/s ( ! topsails      
increas$4 ,on ! great lakes ! fre%-wat] 
man has r$uc$ 8 spank] to almo/ !       
proportions ( a ket*'s  mizz51 !        
necessity ( m con/ant jib+ hav+ =c$ him 
to ?is  *ange4 ,b alt] z y please1 !    
=e-&-aft] is /ill a bad  runn] :5 w9ds  
bl[ /rong & seas run high4    ,our mod]n
 rac+ s*oon]s are a p>ticul>ly bad type4
 ,!y are  really l>ge sloops ) a fake   
=esail1 ?is latt] bit ( canvas  be+ m   
ornam5tal ?an useful4 ,a good specim5 ( 

! rig prop]  are "s ( our l>ge cruis+   
s*oon]s1 ) wide-foot$ =esails  & %ort   
ma9 booms4 ,! pilot-boat & fi%]man rigs 
are also  excell5t types4               
,illu/ration3 ,,ket*    ,illu/ration3   
,,full ,,s*oon] ,,rig    ,9 a prop]     
s*oon] ! =esail %\ld be 9 su* a position
 z to  all[ ! vessel to be h&l$ "u x    
alone1 z x is ! la/ sail  to take (f 9  
heavy wea!r4 ,x %\ld be broad-foot$ 9   
ord] to  trim prop]ly2 y _c trim a      
n>r[-foot$ =esail s z to draw  :5 go+ to
 w9dw>d unless x has a lug2 ?is lug is a
 nuisance1 z  x obliges ! t5d+ ( ! %eet 
:5 tack+4 ,! ma9 boom %\ld  n g ov] !   
taffrail beyond easy rea*4 ,a =ty-foot  
pole-ma/  s*oon] makes a v h&y boat =   
two m5 to "w4 ,h] heavie/ sail  is      
light] ?an ! heavie/ sail ( a yawl or   
ket* ( ! same size4  ,?is is some?+ y   
mu/ always take into consid]ation :5    
*oos+  a rig = cruis+4 ,! av]age        
ya*tsman is a man :o does n d  manual   
labor = a liv+1 & is consequ5tly        
s(t-muscl$4 ,h&l+  sails1 unless y are  

con/antly at x1 is h>d labor1 & if a    
boat is  %ort-h&$ is sometimes a heavy  
tax on ! /r5g? ( ! crew4 ,any  "o :o has
 hoi/$ a heavy ma9sail by himself w     
und]/& ?is4  ,_m a "t aft] mak+ sail or 
reef+ :5 alone ,i h la9 d[n  completely 
exhau/$4    ,a man :o int5ds to employ a
 crew c af=d to ignore ?is "q1  z he c  
suit 8 crew to 8 boat2 b :5 y dep5d ^u  
amateurs  = help y _c d s4 ,"o day y may
 h a d\ble wat*1 &  ! next day nobody4  
,s x is be/ to select a rig ( su* weight
  z y c h&le y\rself if necess>y4 ,?is  
makes y to a c]ta9  ext5t indep5d5t (   
y\r fri5ds4          ,,on ,,sail ,,z    
,,an ,,auxili>y        ,:5 bl[s ! breeze
 we spread our sail      ,& save !      
gasol9e1    ,b :5 ! g5tle zephyrs fail  
,we />t ! old ma*9e2    ,& ) a clank (  
%aft & crank      ,g rattl+ into port-- 
,& ?is is :at1 to be q frank1      ,"s  
folks consid] sport4      ,,on ,,sail   
,,z ,,an ,,auxili>y    ,"o day1 :ile /&+
 talk+ to a build]1 we 7 jo9$ by !  own]
 ( a naph?a laun* :o 0 desir\s ( hav+ 8 

vessel rigg$  z a yawl1 & _h come to get
 ! build]'s op9ion z to :at !  *ange    
w\ld accompli% & co/4 ,9 response to an 
inquiry z to  :at spe$ he might expect  
to get out ( ! craft "u canvas1 !       
build] answ]$1 f\r miles4 ,!n1 repli$ ! 
own] 9 jubilant  tones1 %e w g elev5    
miles1 z ,i get sev5 out ( h] n[ )\t    
any sail4 ,he 0 greatly surpris$1 & r   
suspici\s ( our  k1 :5 we in=m$ him t if
 sail increas$ ! spe$ ( 8  craft ov] h] 
maximum to ! ext5t ( half-a-mile an h\r1
 he might  consid] himself =tunate4 ,n[1
 ?is man is by no means a lone bird  9 8
 belief2 he %>es ! misconception ) _m   
laun*-own]s &  o!rs4 ,l "s ( our popul> 
au?ors :o write sea /ories t are  n sea 
/ories1 ! av]age man firmly believes t  
/eam%ips c  & d sail1 & x w take _m ye>s
 ( p\nd+ to get ?is idea  out ( !       
public's head4 ,!re are afloat /eam     
vessels t c &  d sail1 b !y are sail+   
vessels equipp$ ) eng9es4 ,9 =m]  times 
almo/ all ocean-go+ /eam craft c\ld "w  
to leew>d "u  canvas1 b !y1 unlike !    

vessel ( to-day1 7 heavily rigg$1  mo/ (
 !m c>ry+ full sets ( y>ds =w>d1 &      
spread+ _m  ?\s& feet ( clo?4 ,! /eam   
vessel ( ?is age1 :5 put to us+  sail1  
simply drifts4 ,except z a *eck to      
roll+1 ! sails c>ri$ by  /eam vessels   
are ( little use4    ,n[1 to ! "q ( :at 
use is sail z an auxili>y p[]4 ,9       
vessels ( a spe$ exce$+ t5 knots1 x is (
 little or no use1  except :5 due to !  
=m ( ! hull1 or = o!r reasons ! slip  ( 
! screw is excessive4 ,z1 = in/ance1 9 a
 vessel t[+ o!rs1  su* z sea-go+ tugs1  
:]e ! actual spe$ is "o-half ( ! screw  
spe$1 sail is an aid4 ,aga91 9 a vessel 
( bad =m1 :51 frequ5tly  ow+ to ! weight
 on ! eng9e x is unable to run at its   
highe/  work+ spe$1 sail is an aid1 z x 
lifts "s ( ! weight (f !  eng9e1 & all[s
 an increase ( revolutions )\t an       
increase (  fuel exp5diture4 ,= ?is     
purpose1 =e-&-aft canvas is ( d\btful   
utility1 ! squ>e sail be+ f> bett]4 ,b 9
 high-p[]$1  f9e-l9$ vessels auxili>y   
sail is ( no use :atev]4 ,! little  t   

might be ga9$ by employ+ x "u ! mo/     
favorable  circum/ances is (fset by !   
ret>d+ effect ( ! w9dage "u  unfavorable
 circum/ances4    ,a vessel ^: screw    
spe$ is eight knots & ^: actual spe$ is 
six  knots has a slip ( tw5ty-five p]   
c5t4 ,suppos+ t h] sail p[]  is         
suffici5t to drive h] five knots or ?ree
 knots 9 excess ( !  slip4 ,n[1 if h]   
spe$ be increas$ to elev5 knots by us+  
canvas1  x mu/ n only take up ! slip1 b 
induce an accel]ation ( !  eng9e1 s z to
 give an additional screw spe$ ( ?ree   
knots--an  increase ( #cg-a_/b p] c5t4  
ov] ! work+ spe$ ( ! eng9e4 ,?is  is    
practically impossible4 ,no eng9e is    
built to run at a spe$ (  #cg-a_/b p]   
c5t4 ov] its work+ spe$1 yet unless !   
screw travels  z fa/ z ! hull1 x is     
useless4 ,x is exactly ! same ?+ z  :5  
try+ to r[ a boat runn+ "u sail2 unless 
y move ! o>s  fa/] ?r\gh ! wat] ?an !   
boat is mov+ y d n assi/ 9  !           
propulsion4 ,reason+ f ?is1 we may lay x
 d[n z an axiom1  t3 ,:5 a vessel's     

maximum spe$ "u p[] exce$s h] maximum   
spe$ "u canvas1 ! use ( sail 9          
conjunction ) p[] w n  increase ! spe$  
beyond ! p]c5tage ( slip4    ,:5        
me*anical propulsion is ! auxili>y p[]1 
we h a diff]5t  problem4 ,take a vessel 
capable ( be+ driv5 by sail at a spe$ ( 
eight knots1 & by h] eng9es alone at f\r
 knots4 ,n[1 if %e be  sail+ at a spe$ (
 eight knots1 & we />t h] eng9e to make 
! numb] ( revolutions necess>y to induce
 a spe$ ( f\r knots1  ! screw1 n travel+
 z fa/ z ! hull1 w be dragg$ to  ! am\nt
 ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 its spe$ & ! spe$ (
 !  boat--f\r knots4 ,9 t ! screw %all h
 a propulsive =ce x  mu/ be driv5 at a  
spe$ to exce$ eight knots1 an increase (
 ov]  #ajj p] c5t4 ,reason+ f ?is1 we   
may lay x d[n z an axiom1  t3 ,a vessel 
^: maximum spe$ "u sail exce$s h]       
maximum spe$  "u p[] w n increase h]    
spe$ by employ+ sail & screw  conjo9tly4
    ,:ile auxili>y sail is ( little or  
no value1 auxili>y me*anical  propulsion
 is4 ,b its *ief value lies 9 x z a     

sub/itute1 &  n z an auxili>y4 ,! w9d--!
 fuel ( ! sail--is n only a  v>iable    
quantity1 b frequ5tly an abs5t "o4 ,a   
small vessel1 su*  z are ! majority (   
our cruis+ ya*ts1 seldom exce$s a spe$ (
  eight knots1 & z a g5]al av]age tak5  
?r\gh a summ]'s cruis+  d n log m ?an   
f\r1 mu* ( ?is l[ av]age is due to !    
h\rs  sp5t 9 calms & light airs2 & if we
 add ! "t lo/ 9 wait+  = a breeze1 !    
av]age w fall /ill l[]4 ,a ya*t 9 sail+ 
#ajj miles 9 ! usual summ] wea!r takes1 
we w say1 tw5ty-five  h\rs4 ,sixty miles
 ( ?is is made 9 a fair breeze 9 t5     
h\rs1 !n  six h\rs 9 :i* %e makes t5    
miles1 leav+ n9e h\rs 9 :i* to  make !  
o!r ?irty4        #fj miles #aj h\rs4   
#f miles an h\r4      #aj       #f      
#a-b_/c          #cj       #i           
#c-a_/c          ,av]age = #ajj miles1  
#d            ,let u suppose t a simil> 
craft is fitt$ ) a motor to drive  h] at
 a spe$ ( five miles an h\r4 ,%e voyages
 #ajj miles1 ! fir/  sixty 9 t5 h\rs4   
,dur+ ! doldrums %e uses h] p[] = six   

h\rs1 & makes ?irty miles1 & 9 sixte5   
h\rs has cov]$ n9ety  miles aga9/ ! sail
 ya*t's sev5ty4 ,hav+ made ! di/ance at 
an  av]age spe$ ( #e-e_/h miles1 %e is  
)9 sight ( h] port :5 !  o!r is ?irty   
miles (f4    ,la/ summ] ,i ran          
?irty-eight miles 9 f\rte5 h\rs 9 a     
small  sloop4 ,?irty-two miles ( ?is    
di/ance 0 made 9 eight h\rs1 !  rema9+  
six miles tak+ six h\rs to cov]1 & if y 
analyze a  set ( cruis+ runs y w see t  
m9e 0 an exceptionally good  p]=mance4  
,i usually1 9 cruis+1 figure on mak+ an 
av]age (  ?ree miles1 ?irty miles be+ a 
fair day's "w & =ty a good  "o1 :ile a  
fifty-mile run is possible only once or 
twice dur+ !  season4 ,?is is 9 a boat  
^: maximum spe$ is sev5 knots4    ,i h n
 ! slighte/ d\bt b :at a man ) a ya*t   
fitt$ )  a motor capable ( driv+ h] at a
 spe$ ( five miles1 & us+ !  eng9e only 
z a sub/itute = sail :5 ! w9d is dead or
 fickle1  c\ld cruise twice z f> & see  
twice z mu* z "o :o dep5d$  solely ^u   
canvas4 ,?is is a deal to promise1 b no 

d\bt ^? :o  h _h a long exp]i5ce 9      
cruis+ 9 our ,ea/]n wat]s w  und]write !
 op9ion4    ,b :ile auxili>y p[] has its
 advantages1 x also has its             
disadvantages4 ,x increases ! exp5se2 x 
takes up room 9 ! boat2  x is noisy1 &1 
to a c]ta9 ext5t1 disagreeable1 due     
mo/ly to !  use ( a fuel :i* is n equal1
 odorif]\sly speak+1 to g5u9e  wood     
violets4 ,b its *ief drawback is t its  
use t5ds to make  cruis+ less toilsome &
 haz>d\s4 ,l all mod]n        ,inv5tions
 t save our seam5's lives1      ,& murd]
 ! bre$ ( sailor m51    its effect is to
 disc\nt skill & pluck1 to take away f  
voyag+  t unc]ta9ty :i* is ! *ief *>m ( 
! cruis]'s exi/5ce4  ,! fact t y leave  
port ) a c]ta9ty ( gett+ to y\r         
de/9ation on "t1 b>r+ accid5ts1 makes   
some:at monoton\s an  ev5t t o!rwise    
conta9+ a l>ge elem5t ( *ance induces a 
correspond+ degree ( excitem5t4 ,!re is 
probably no pa/ime s  tiresome to an    
active man z /eam ya*t+1 especially if x
 be 9  famili> wat]s4 ,a /eam ya*t is a 

lazy man's palace & an active  man's    
prison4 ,except :5 !re is a race or a   
difficult bit (  navigation1 ,i w\ld z  
soon run a trolley c> z a p[] boat4 ,b1 
!n1 happily = ! _w1 we are n all tak5 (f
 ! same molds4  ,_m m5 ya*t = pleasure1 
& f9d su* pleasure 9 idl5ess4 ,i  don't4
 ,i f9d my pleasure 9 physical ex]tion1 
& 9 oppos+ :at  skill & k ,i may possess
 to ! task ( gett+ ! bett] (  ! elem5ts4
 ,b z age & rheumatism tight5 _! grip1  
my he>t  is be+ gradually wean$ f !     
sail1 & ,i f9d myself ?9k+  s]i\sly1 if1
 aft] all1 x w n be bett] to h a little 
p[]  "u ! deck to fall back on at c]ta9 
times4          ,,on ,,reef+            
,precaution is ! "m ( safety4      ,,on 
,,reef+    ,?is is a %ort *apt] on a    
%ort subject1 b "o t is ( int]e/  to !  
gre5 h&4 ,m5 (t5 ask :5 x is "t to reef8
 ,x is always  "t to reef :5 y ?9k x is4
 ,! mom5t y w\ld feel easi]  & y\r boat 
h&le bett] by hav+ less sail spread1 is 
! "t to  %ort5 d[n4 ,nev] m9d :at       
anybody else is do+ or :at anybody  else

 tells y4 ,x is y\r boat1 n "s o!r boat 
t is worry+1  & y\rself1 & n "s o!r     
p]son1 :o is 9 *>ge4 ,nev]  c>ry sail = 
! sake ( c>ry+ x2 ! ignorant may praise 
y\r  recklessness & pluck1 b ! exp]i5c$ 
man w call y ei!r a  lubb] or a fool4   
,nev] let ! action ( ano!r guide y 9 ?is
 p>ticul>1 unless  ! action agrees ) y\r
 own judgm5t4 ,x is v common =  "y      
sailors to reef or n reef z !y see "s   
o!r man1 &  consequ5tly to c>ry sail mu*
 to ! risk ( _! vessel & lives4  ,y mu/ 
rememb] t ^! rem>ks ( m9e h no?+ to d ) 
rac+4 ,9 rac+1 a man _c reef :5 he wants
 to1 b :5 he c2  !re=e1 he frequ5tly    
c>ries sail :5 he w\ld give a good slice
  ( 8 daily income to h x (f1 & (t5     
keeps 9 8 reefs :5  he w\ld l to %ake !m
 out1 b does n = ! same reason4  ,!n1   
aga91 9 rac+1 boats are always 9        
company1 & if an accid5t  happ5s someone
 is close abo>d to give assi/ance2 b 9  
cruis+  ?is is n s1 & _m a life has be5 
lo/ = want ( a reef 9  "t4    ,:5 ,i 0  
"y & fre% ,i _h an idea t if anyone c\ld

 c>ry  sail on a boat ,i c\ld d ! same4 
,"o day ,i _h a lesson t made  me ?9k1 &
 p>tially cur$ me ( ! habit4 ,i w5t ) a 
clev]  old boatman across ! ,s\nd to br+
 home a new cat4 ,we ea* took a  crew1  
&1 to return1 he sail$ ! new boat1 & ,i 
! "o we _h  come ov] 94 ,halfway across 
x came on to bl[ v h>d1 & x 0  all ,i   
c\ld d to keep my boat on h] feet4 ,my  
crew want$ me to /op  & reef1 b z ! new 
boat kept on1 ,i insi/$ ^u foll[+ h]1   
be+ afraid t ! old man w\ld laugh at me4
 ,9 pla9 talk1 ,i 0  afraid ( be+ ?\ght 
a c[>d1 & = ?is ,i jeop>diz$ my own  & !
 lives ( ! o!r boys4 ,:5 at la/1 aft] a 
/ruggle &  half full ( wat]1 we rea*$   
port1 ! old man met me ) a torr5t  (    
invectives1 call+ me a fool & sev]al o!r
 h>d names = n  reef+4    ,b y didn't   
reef1 ,i prote/$4 ,reef6 he exclaim$4   
,no1 =  ,i c\ldn't2 b ,i'd giv5 f\rte5  
doll>s if ,i c\ld h got t  sail d[n4 ,d 
y ?9k ,i 0 c>ry+ :ole sail = fun8 ,x    
seems  ! halli>ds1 be+ new1 _h jamm$1 & 
!y c\ld n get ! sail  d[n1 s _h to lug  

x4 ,?is taught me a lesson1 "o t ,i h   
nev]  =gott52 & (t5times :5 ,i see a man
 /ruggl+ along "u too  mu* sail1 ,i     
wond] if he1 l ! old boatman1 w\ldn't   
give f\rte5  doll>s if he c\ld get t    
sail d[n4    ,! fir/ ?+ :5 y get a crew 
is to break !m 9 to a me?od  ( reef+4   
,give ea* man a place & tea* him to keep
 x2 ?is is  ! secret ( rapid & effici5t 
"w4 ,let u suppose t y are 9  comm& ( a 
small sloop1 ) a total crew ( f\r4 ,x   
comes on to  bl[1 & y decide to reef4   
,!re is a bit ( lee "u ! %ore1  & y g 9 
= x4 ,n[ y h decid$ to reef )\t an*or+1 
& :5 close en\gh luff up & prep>e to l[]
 ! ma9sail4 ,y\r  mate1 y\r be/ h&1 & ! 
man 9 8 wat* g to ! halli>ds1 y  /ay at 
! helm & y\r wat*-mate takes ! %eet4    
,n[1 if y l[] ! ma9sail all ! way d[n1 y
 w h to take  9 y\r headsail & drift2   
?is w soon take y out ( y\r k9dly  lee1 
b if y c keep "s aft]-sail up1 ) ! jib  
on an easy  %eet1 y c jolly h] up to    
w9dw>d a bit & keep close in%ore4  ,hav+
 decid$ on ?is y ord] ! sail l[]$ d[n to

 ! reef4  ,! gett+ d[n ( ! sail quickly 
dep5ds on y\r clev]ness at  ! helm2 y   
mu/ spill j at ! "r mom5t4 ,z ! sail    
comes  d[n y\r two m5 h&le & lay ! sail 
along ! boom1 ! mate  t5d+ ! halli>ds4  
,:5 ! tack cr+le is l[ en\gh he belays  
! halli>ds & ties d[n ! tack4 ,by ?is "t
 y h ! p5dant  ready1 & :5 ! mate %\ts  
,all fa/1 y haul out1 "o man  help+ y & 
! o!rs %ak+ & light+ out ! canvas4 ,:5  
?is is h&$ out & made fa/1 ! h&s beg9 to
 tie ! po9ts1  beg9n+ 9 ! middle & work+
 =w>d & aft4    ,y\r bus9ess is to look 
aft] ! dog-e>1 to tie 9 ! outbo>d       
po9ts1 & pass a la%+ r\nd ! clew1 wrapp+
 x r\nd ! boom4  ,! po9ts are pass$     
betwe5 ! foot ( ! sail & ! lac+1  n     
betwe5 ! lac+ & ! boom1 a common error )
 gre5 h&s4  ,tie y\r po9ts ) a squ>e b[ 
knot2 don't tie !m too tight2 try  & put
 ! same /ra9 on all4 ,don't haul out y\r
 clew too h>d1  especially if x is ra9+ 
or ! wat] is fly+4 ,! p5dant w  %r9k "o 
way1 ! sail ! o!r1 & 9 consequ5ce !     
canvas be  pull$ out ( life4 ,z soon z  

all ! po9ts are ti$1 look !m ov]        
c>efully to see t !y belong to ! prop]  
reef1 & are n ti$  cross-fac$1 &1 if    
correct1 hoi/ away4    ,lazy-jacks on a 
boom are ( great assi/ance 9 tak+ a sail
 91 b  !y are 9 ! way :5 reef+4         
,qu>t]-lifts z sub/itutes are  bett] =  
small craft4 ,! reef po9ts %\ld be made 
( diff]5t  k9ds ( /uff1 or else be dy$  
diff]5t colors1 s z to be easily        
di/+ui%able4 ,i pref] diff]5t k9ds (    
/uff1 z !y c be told  by ! feel at      
night4 ,! fir/ reef be+ cotton l9e1 !   
second  manila1 & ! ?ird cotton4    ,if 
y are go+ to tie 9 m ?an "o reef1 x is  
be/ to tie 9 !  fir/1 !n ! next ov] x1 &
 s on4 ,?is also makes a mu* neat]      
look+ job4 ,tea* y\r m5 to roll ! sail  
up tightly be=e ty+  92 no?+ looks s bad
 z a reef made up ( a s]ies ( bags4     
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,prop] ,,way ,,to    
,,tie ,,reef-,,po9ts    ,if y are caught
 out 9 ! op51 & h to reef1 x is be/ to  
l[] all d[n & reef runn+ (f2 by gett+ ! 
boom firmly la%$  amid%ips y c h&le !   

sail1 :]eas if y lay-to ! sea w  make   
tr\ble4 ,9 runn+ (f c>efully t5d y\r    
helm1 & keep !  vessel mov+1 or y may   
get poop$4 ,if any:]e ne> %ore x is be/ 
to g 91 an*or & reef 9 quiet1 & at y\r  
leisure4 ,! me?ods (  reef+ a sloop are 
! same = reef+ a cat1 b if y h a yawl1  
ket* or s*oon]1 ! "w is mu* m simple &  
easy4    ,always1 :5 an*or$ 9 an op5    
road/ead1 or 9 any place :]e y  may h to
 get out 9 a hurry1 reef y\r l>ge sails 
be=e turn+  94 ,!n1 if x comes on to bl[
 9 ! night1 y are ready = x4  ,if y     
expect a squall to hit y1 9 a place :]e 
y _c an*or1  reef d[n1 & d s 9 pl5ty (  
"t4 ,be=e leav+ h>bor1 if  !re is any "q
 ( wea!r outside1 reef & c>ry !m out )  
y1 until y get ! heft ( ! breeze2 if x  
is light] ?an y  expect$1 x is a simple 
job to %ake out4    ,reef$ jibs are n   
mu* use2 !y seldom "w well1 & x is f>   
bett] to %ift headsails ?an to reef !m4 
,! jibs %\ld be  snap-hook$ on ! /ay2 9 
?is way !y c be quickly %ift$4  ,reef+  
on a b[sprit 9 a seaway is a difficult &

 dang]\s job4 ,i  %all speak fur!r ( ?is
 matt] ( head-sails 9 ano!r *apt]4      
,,on ,,an*ors ,,& ,,an*or+        ,let's
 =ge a goodly an*or--a b[] ?ick & broad2
    ,= a he>t ( oak is hang+ on e bl[ ,i
 bode2    ,& ,i see a good %ip rid+ all 
9 a p]il\s road--    ,! l[ reef ro>+ on 
h] lee2 ! roll ( ocean p\r$    ,f /em to
 /]n1 sea aft] sea2 ! ma9ma/ by ! bo>d2 
,! bulw>ks d[n2 ! rudd] gone2 ! boats   
/ove at ! *a9s2    ,b c\rage /ill1 brave
 m>9]s--! b[] yet rema9s6    ,& n an in*
 to fl9* he deigns--save :5 ye pit* sky 
high2    ,!n moves 8 head1 z ?\gh he    
said1 ,fe> no?+--"h am ,i4              
--,,f]guson      ,,on ,,an*ors ,,&      
,,an*or+    ,"o ( man's olde/1 simple/ &
 mo/ p]fect in/rum5ts--! an*or4  ,l all 
e>ly inv5tions1 x obta9$ its pres5t =m  
by a sl[  process ( evolution1 &1 z is !
 case ) ne>ly all implem5ts  ( ! same   
nature1 x is to-day to be f\nd 9 use 9 e
 /ep-=m  :i* dur+ ! gradual process (   
developm5t x assum$4 ,!  primal an*or ( 
/one is /ill univ]sally employ$1 its    

imm$iate  successors1 ! /one-weight$ net
 & log1 are yet 9 use 9 ! ,ea/1  & iron 
=ms t might h f\nd _! %ape "u ! hamm]   
bl[s  ( ! s9ewy ,sidonian smi?s /ill sw+
 f ! b[s ( vessels  ply+ ! ,indian seas4
    ,z to :o fir/ =g$ an*ors ( iron !re 
is "s d\bt1 !  anci5t hi/orians         
disagree+ on ?is po9t ) amiable         
unanimity  t *>act]izes all _! /atem5ts 
9 reg>d to ! orig9 (  ?+s1 bo? animate &
 inanimate4 ,! balance ( evid5ce appe>s 
to favor ! ,phrygians1 a p ( ,asia      
,m9or1 ^: mo/ celebrat$  k+1 ,midas1 is 
well rememb]$ z ! av>ici\s mon>* :o _h !
  un=tunate exp]i5ce ) gold1 z relat$ 9 
a y>n :i* probably  orig9at$ 9 !        
imag9ative bra9 ( "s anci5t free-silv]  
orator4    ,b :e!r ^! p or _!           
contempor>ies1 ! +5i\s1 ri*  & d>+      
,pho5icians1 fir/ =g$ x1 !re is no "q b 
:at  iron an*ors 7 orig9ally us$ by !   
m>itime nations inhabit+  ! %ore ( !    
great tideless sea4 ,! an*ors 71 z ,i h 
said1  ( /one & ( wood weight$ ) /one & 
metal1 su* z are /ill  us$ by ! ,*9ese &

 ,malays4 ,x is easy to see h[ f ! latt]
  came ! %ape ( ! an*or ( to-day4 ,f !  
use ( a /raight balk  ( timb] to "o ) a 
crook is a natural /ep4 ,x is mu* easi] 
to  la% a /one to a crook ( wood by     
plac+ x betwe5 ! trunk &  bran* ?an x is
 to la% x to a /raight /ick4    ,evid5ce
 favors ?is z ! /ep ( progression2 !    
fir/ iron  an*ors hav+ b "o arm & no    
/ock2 be+ simply ! wood5 crook          
reproduc$ 9 metal4 ,! next /ep 0 to add 
! bill or po9t1 :i*  v readily took its 
%ape f ! spe> ( t day or ! spade1  bo? (
 :i* implem5ts 7 arr[-%ap$4 ,! next /ep 
=w>d  0 ! add+ ( ! second arm4 ,! arms (
 anci5t an*ors 7  /raight1 n curv$1 z   
are ! an*ors ( to-day4 ,! curv$ arm  be+
 v mod]n4 ,) ! /ock add$1 :5 & by :om x 
is n  kn[n1 ! an*or ( ! anci5ts cont9u$ 
to d its duty until e>ly  9 ! la/       
c5tury1 :5 an ,engli%man nam$ ,p]+      
greatly improv$  x by curv+ ! arms &    
/r5g!n+ ! cr[n & %ank4 ,at !  same "t ! 
trip-hamm] came into use = =g+1 all[+ ( 
a f>  m p]fect weld+ ( mat]ial ?an c\ld 

be secur$ ) h&-swung  sl$ges4    ,9 ord]
 to und]/& ! action ( ! an*or1 :i* is   
p]fect1  x is only necess>y to take !   
common pick1 su* z is employ$ by        
labor]s 9 break+ up e>?1 & drive x into 
solid gr\nd4 ,drive  ! arm ( y\r pick "r
 to ! helve2 n[ pull on x at "r angles  
to ! arm4 ,y _c move x2 nor c\ld !      
/ronge/ man2 simply  lift ! h&le up & ! 
arm w come out ( ! gr\nd easily4 ,su*   
is ! action ( ! an*or4 ,is any?+ m      
simple or p]fect8    ,:5 out ahead ?is  
small arm w hold a great %ip aga9/ w9d &
  tide2 :5 br\ght "u foot x is brok5 f  
its hold by half a  doz5 m54 ,an an*or  
weigh+ #b1jjj p\nds w hold a %ip weigh+ 
#e1jjj tons1 yet :5 br\ght to su* a     
position z w p]mit ( its  be+ tilt$ up x
 c be brok5-out by an eng9e ( five      
horse-p[]4    ,s9ce ,p]+'s day _m       
improv$ an*ors h be5 pat5t$2 ( ^!  only 
two1 ! ,rodg]s & ,trotman1 are ( any    
acc\nt4 ,( :at are  call$ pat5t an*ors1 
t is1 an*ors ( peculi> %apes1 !re is    
?is to say1 !y are inf]ior to ! orig9al 

=m4 ,! only argum5t  9 _! favor is t !y 
/[ easi]1 & x is = ?is reason t  !      
/ockless v>iety is employ$ on /eam      
vessels4 ,?is =m c be  haul$ directly   
into ! hawse pipe1 ?us do+ away ) !     
labor  ( catt+ & fi%+1 b !y w n hold ) !
 old =m1 &  ne$ a mu* long] scope (     
hawse4 ,i h exp]im5t$ ) sev]al (  ^?    
built = ya*ts & h 9 e case f\nd !m      
inf]ior to  ! common an*or4 ,!y are     
useful sometimes z /]n-holds1 & =       
dropp+ on ragg$ bottom1 :]e a common    
hook is liable to f\l4    ,= use :]e a  
vessel is an*or$ 9 a curr5t1 & is apt to
 be  tide-rode1 ! ,trotman is excell5t4 
,! peculi>ity ( ?is an*or  is1 t ! arms 
are pivot$ s t ! fluke ( ! upp] arm :5  
! hook is bit+ is d[n on ! %ank2 ?is    
prev5ts ! haws] f  f\l+ & upsett+ !     
an*or if ! ya*t happ5s to ride ov] x4   
,! av]age ya*t an*or t is f\nd on sale  
is an in/rum5t t  c\ld be l>gely improv$
 )\t add+ to its co/ or weight4 ,a      
bett] di/ribution ( ! metal w\ld add mu*
 to its value1 b its  wor/ feature is ! 

me?od 9 :i* ! /ock is secur$ 9 ! head4  
,^! p9s are always a nuisance1 frequ5tly
 work+ out & m  frequ5tly be+ lo/4 ,!re 
are an*ors made 9 :i* ! /ock screws  91 
& o!rs 9 :i* ! /ock passes ?r\gh a slot 
) a lug1  :i*1 on be+ turn$1 engages ) !
 side ( ! head1 prev5t+  its slipp+     
back4 ,bo? ^! are bett] ?an ! p94 ,e    
ya*tsman  kn[s :at x is to f9d ! p9     
miss+ j :5 x is want$ &  want$ 9 a      
hurry1 & to h to sub/itute a nail or a  
p5knife  blade4 ,!re is a small =tune = 
! man :o w br+ out an  an*or ) a /ock t 
c be %ipp$ & un%ipp$ quickly1 & yet  /ay
 fa/ :5 d[n on ! bottom4    ,! /ra9 on  
an*ors :5 hold+ a vessel is no?+ l :at x
  is commonly suppos$ to be4 ,if x 0 h[ 
c\ld a vessel be drawn  up to h] an*or8 
,x has to bl[ v h>d :5 a man _c draw a  
small ya*t up to h] hook4 ,! reason (   
?is is1 t ! w9dage  ( an an*or$ vessel  
is a comp>atively small surface1 s long 
z  %e lies head-on4 ,x is ! sum ( ! area
 ( ! wide/ section (  ! above-wat] hull1
 & ! area ( ! rigg+ & sp>s1 f\nd by     

multiply+ _! diamet]s by _! l5g?s4 ,?is 
is1 z ,i h said1  a comp>atively small  
surface4    ,9 a /rong bl[1 su* z       
ya*tsm5 g5]ally describe z a gale1 !    
w9d pressure is only ab\t five p\nds to 
! squ>e foot1 :ile 9 an  ord9>y breeze1 
su* z usually bl[s 9 summ]1 ! pressure  
is scant  ( a p\nd4 ,s t a boat ) a     
hundr$ squ>e feet ( w9dage w\ld1  9 a   
ya*tsman's gale1 only be =c$ back by a  
pressure ( #ejj p\nds4  ,"s day1 j = y\r
 own enlight5m5t1 take a spr+ scale &   
put  x on y\r hawse :5 ! ya*t is rid+ to
 a w9d ) no sea on4    ,"o day my boat 0
 ly+ 9 a tide runn+ at a rate ( "o mile4
  ,! bottom 0 a m$ium h>d gravel & !    
wat] p]fectly cle>4 ,9  turn+ tides %e  
_h capsiz$ ! an*or & x 0 ly+ /ock up &  
flukes flat4 ,?is an*or1 weigh+ ?irty   
p\nds1 by its weight &  friction ( !    
/ock end on ! bottom kept ! boat        
/ation>y4 ,h]  displacem5t 0 j ov] f\r  
tons4 ,! an*or 0 simply resi/+  !       
friction ( ! tide on ! imm]s$ hull4     
,rev]se ?is & x  %[s h[ small is ! p[]  

necess>y to drive a vessel "o mile an   
h\r4    ,! direct /ra9 on an*ors is ( no
 consequ5ce except 9 v high  w9ds2 x is 
! sea t causes !m to leave _! hold4 ,g  
back to  our pick = an explanation4 ,:5 
giv5 suffici5t scope ! an*or1  l ! pick1
 is resi/+ a pull at "r angles1 & /&s   
fa/1  b ! m9ute ! sea beg9s to move !   
vessel up & d[n ! h&le  ( ! an*or is    
work$ up & d[n2 ! %ort] ! scope ! m     
surely is ?is motion transmitt$1 & ! m  
effective is x 9  break+-out ! arm4 ,to 
prev5t ?is 9 a heavy sea we resort to a 
practice call$ back+4    ,! object (    
back+ an an*or is to prev5t ?is up & d[n
 motion  f pass+ f ! vessel to ! an*or4 
,9 ord] to d ?is x  is necess>y to      
weight ! cable1 s z to prev5t its lift+ 
f  ! bottom1 "s di/ance inside ( !      
an*or4 ,?is is done ei!r  by lead+ !    
cable ?r\gh ano!r an*or or by weight+ ! 
cable  ) balla/4 ,! la/ is ! bett]      
me?od1 z x c be done f !  vessel )\t    
di/urb+ ! hawse4    ,i f9d t few ya*tsm5
 make a /udy ( an*or+2 mo/ly because  !y

 an*or 9 places :]e !re is little to be 
fe>$ ei!r f  w9d or sea4 ,x is only :5  
!y get into h>bors :]e bo? are to be    
dread$ t !y le>n ?is "p ( ! trade4 ,to  
%[ h[ univ]sally  c>eless we are 9 ?is  
respect x is only necess>y to recall !  
disa/r\s effects an unexpect$ summ] gale
 has ^u a fleet ( our  ya*ts4 ,9 ,augu/1
 #ahic1 a /orm ( ?is "* swept ! ,ea/]n  
seabo>d1 & "s eighty ya*ts 7 driv5 a%ore
 & _m ( !m  totally wreck$4 ,9 ! summ] (
 #ahig a mod]ate gale came on !  coa/1 &
 out ( a fleet ( "s ?irty ya*ts an*or$ &
 moor$  ab\t ! boat ,i 0 91 twelve w5t  
adrift4 ,! same day1 9 &  ar\nd ,bo/on1 
! /orm play$ havoc ) ! pleasure fleet4  
,ano!r "t we 7 caught (f ! ,?imbles 9   
,long ,isl& ,s\nd 9  company ) a small  
fleet4 ,ev]y?+ dragg$ & sev]al 7 only   
sav$ by a lucky %ift ( w9d f go+ on !   
rocks4 ,_m ( ^!  boats _h no sp>e       
an*ors2 "s _h ! an*ors & n suffici5t    
cable2 o!rs _h gr\nd tackle mu* too     
light = _! bulk4 ,few  ( ! crews knew h[
 to prop]ly use :at !y did h4 ,i 0 9 a  

#cj-;foot sloop ( ! old flat type1 an   
exce$+ly bad sea boat4 ,we  rode x out )
 two an*ors & #cjj p\nds ( balla/ d[n   
ahead1  b x 0 only by judici\s          
managem5t1 & ! addition ( a new  ma9%eet
 to our scanty l5g? ( cable4    ,e boat 
%\ld c>ry two an*ors1 & e boat t _c     
readily  make fa/ to a dock1 ?ree4 ,!   
weight ( an*ors to be c>ri$ c  only be  
approximat$1 z x dep5ds l>gely ^u !     
build ( !  vessel1 ! ext5t & prevail+   
conditions ( h] sail+ wat]s &  ! s]vice 
engag$ 94 ,a boat t is only us$ =       
day-sail+ t  f9ds %elt] at night 9 a    
safe h>bor & moors or makes fa/1 ne$s  b
 light gr\nd tackle4 ,%e c get along )  
an an*or weigh+ a  half-p\nd to ea* foot
 ( ov]-all l5g?1 & ne$ nev] to resort   
to h] sp>e hook except on extraord9>y   
occasions4    ,n>r[ deep boats ) %>p    
entrances are v light on _! gr\nd       
tackle & d n ne$ ne>ly z heavy an*ors z 
d broad %oal boats4  ,our mod]n full-b[$
 boats are v h>d on all k9ds ( ge>1 &   
ne$ especially heavy an*ors & cables4   

,flat-bottom$ craft1 l  %>pies & sc[    
h\seboats1 are ! h>de/ ( all1 & y\r     
hooks  & haws]s c't be too heavy to make
 sure ( hold+ !m4 ,high-sid$  &         
high-h\s$ ya*ts are also h>d rid]s1 !   
w9dage hav+ a  t5d5cy to keep !m worry+ 
at _! hawse4 ,all ^! ?+s mu/  be tak5   
into consid]ation :5 select+ a weight ( 
an*or & a  size ( cable or *a91 b1 z x  
is always be/ to err on ! safe  side1 be
 less afraid ( gett+ too heavy ge> ?an (
 gett+ too  light4 ,a #bj-;foot boat w  
hold to a t5-p\nd an*or1 if ! hook is   
well proportion$ & takes a good hold 9  
good gr\nd1 b ,i %\ld  n feel com=table 
9 turn+ 9 on a r\gh night ) only t      
weight ( iron out ahead ( me4 ,an old   
fell[1 :o is a bit ( a crank  on !      
subject1 once took me to task = c>ry+   
su* heavy an*ors  & cables4 ,to 8 m9d !y
 7 totally unnecess>y2 ones half !      
weight & size w\ld d z well4 ,he us$ a  
twelve-?read l9e & an  an*or ab\t       
ve/-pocket size on 8 boat4    ,8 argum5t
 0 good f 8 side ( ! deck1 b ?+s _h a   

diff]5t aspect f m9e4 ,9 ! fir/ place1  
he always an*or$  :]e he want$ to1 b ,i1
 be+ a rov+ bird1 _h frequ5tly to  an*or
 :]e ,i did n want to4 ,9 ! second1 if  
,i turn$ 9 to sleep  ,i _h to d s feel+ 
sure t my boat w\ld be 9 ! same place ! 
next morn+1 or else ,i c\ld n sleep     
peacefully4 ,aga91 a small l9e  is      
awkw>d to h&le & is easily *af$ ?r\gh2  
^! are ?+s to  be consid]$ z well z     
/r5g?4 ,! break+ /ra9 ( a cable us$     
%\ld always be at lea/ f\r times !      
weight y expect to put on  x4 ,x is to !
 extra factor ( safety t y mu/ frequ5tly
 tru/  = ! odd trick & ! game4    ,a    
heavily-built cab9 craft1 or a ya*t     
load$ ) lead on ! keel1  ne$s an an*or  
at lea/ a p\nd weight = ea* foot ( h]   
deck  l5g?4 ,?is is = a regul> /&-by1   
some?+ to be us$ :5ev]  %e comes to a   
halt4 ,su* weight w1 "u all ord9>y      
conditions1  give suffici5t hold1       
admitt+ t ! bottom is suitable =        
an*or+4 ,i h se5 a #be-;foot cab9 sloop 
hang to a tw5ty-p\nd  an*or 9 a gale (  

w9d1 9 a place :]e !re 0 no sea to bo!r 
h]4 ,b ! sea is :at tr\bles ! an*or1 n !
 direct /ra94    ,a ya*t ( #dj feet1 us$
 = cruis+ to di/ant ports & an*or+  "h1 
!re1 & ev]y:]e1 %\ld c>ry f\r an*ors4 ,(
 c\rse y  c get along ) less1 p]haps1 = 
_m seasons1 b to h peace  ( m9d &       
absolute security1 y ne$ f\r4 ,two ( ^! 
an*ors  are = con/ant use & ! o!r two = 
special "w & dang]\s  em]g5cies4    ,!  
two fir/ are :at are call$ on l>ge      
vessels b[]s1 be+ !  an*ors hung at !   
b[s1 b we w sometimes speak ( !m z      
/&-bys1 !y be+ ! in/rum5ts always ready 
= use4 ,! ?ird  is a light fell[1       
exce$+ly useful :5 ne$$1 call$ a k$ge4  
,! f\r? is ! big-weight1 ^: s]vices are 
only call$ ^u z  ! la/ res\rce1 & :o    
passes ! bulk ( 8 days 9 idl5ess        
bel[--he is call$ ! sp>e4    ,! /&-bys =
 a #dj-;foot] %\ld weigh toge!r twice ! 
boat's  l5g? 9 p\nds--#hj p\nds4 ,?is c 
ei!r be ev5ly divid$ or  unev5ly1 z y   
see fit4 ,i pref] to divide ! weight    
unev5ly1  hav+1 say1 "o ?irty-five & "o 

=ty-five-p\nd1 or "o ?irty  & "o        
fifty-p\nd4 ,^! an*ors %\ld be galvaniz$
 & be  uni=mly /rong ?r\gh\t1 ! l>ge "o 
be+ ( heavy %ank &  broad palm2 !       
small]1 light] 9 build1 ) n>r[ palm &   
%>p  bill4 ,?is light] an*or %\ld always
 be ready = s]vice "u !  b[sprit or at !
 ca!ad4    ,on a cruis] ! heavi] /&-by  
%\ld also be kept ready to %ackle  to ! 
*a9 or b5d to ! haws]4 ,x ne$ n be kept 
hang+ "u  ! b[sprit or at ! ca!ad1 b c  
be la%$ on ! =e deck1  s z to be        
available = in/ant use4 ,i rememb] once 
go+ a%ore  because ! own] insi/$ ^u hav+
 ! second an*or un%ackl$  & /[$ bel[2 8 
reason be+ t x made ! boat look untidy  
=w>d4 ,:5 we r\nd$-to & let g ! small   
"o1 ! *a9 p>t$2  & be=e ! o!r c\ld be   
br\ght on deck & b5t on we 7 bl[n  on ! 
bea*4    ,! sp>e an*or is kept bel[1 b  
n1 z 9 mo/ boats1 9 a place  :]e y _c   
get at x )\t haul+ ov] a mass ( dunnage4
 ,"o  "t1 :5 an*or$ 9 an op5 bight1 we 7
 jo9$ at sunset by a  l>ge sloop2 %e    
lett+ g outside & to w9dw>d ( u4 ,dur+ !

  night x came on to bl[ v h>d1 & at    
daylight we 7 rid+ to  bo? an*ors ) a   
full hawse ahead4 ,! big sloop 0 dragg+ 
badly1  &1 9 response to _! calls =     
help1 ,i took my crew & w5t  abo>d h]4  
,%e 0 9 *>ge ( h] own] & ?ree o!r       
amateurs4  ,!y _h let g bo? h] b[]s &   
all ! *a91 b !y fail$ to  hold ! ya*t & 
%e 0 sl[ly go+ = ! bea*4    ,z soon z ,i
 got on bo>d ,i ask$ if !y _h a sp>e    
an*or4 ,!  own]1 :o _h j b\ght ! boat & 
0 tak+ h] home1 aft] a  little ?9k+1    
said he ?\ght x 0 m5tion$ 9 ! inv5tory1 
b he _h nev] look$ to see4 ,tak+ my two 
h&s ,i w5t bel[ to  ! usual place &     
began a se>*4 ,we pull$ out sails 9 bags
 &  sails out ( bags1 awn+s & /an*ions1 
old mops1 holy/ones1 rope1  brooms1 deck
 cu%ions & ! devil kn[s :at1 be=e f9ally
 !  sp>e hook 0 br\ght to light4 ,into a
 cab91 t look$ l a ,s\?  /reet junk %op1
 we at la/ lugg$ x & its cable1 & f !   
looks ( bo?1 decid$ x 0 _! fir/ call to 
action4 ,t z may  be1 :5 once ov]bo>d !y
 did yeoman s]vice & held ! sloop 9     

safety4 ,i did n fail to read ! own] a  
lesson on h[ n to keep  8 res]ve gr\nd  
tackle1 & ,i guess ! job ( putt+ !      
dunnage  back help$ to impress x on 8   
m9d4    ,illu/ration    ,! sp>e an*or   
occupies b little room if prop]ly /[$1  
takes  up ! "w ( ! same weight ( balla/1
 & is a h>mless b  exce$+ly useful      
creature4 ,x inspires a feel+ ( safety t
  m ?an pays = its keep4 ,?is an*or %\ld
 always be us$ ) a  haws]1 & a long &   
/\t "o1 & to make assurance d\bly sure1 
%\ld be fitt$ ) ?ree fa?oms ( *a9 & a   
/\t r+ to :i*  to b5d ! rope4 ,y c ei!r 
h ! *a9 p]man5tly atta*$  to an*or or   
haws] z y pref]1 b keep bo? :]e ! ends c
 be  readily laid h&s ^u4 ,! be/ place  
to /[ x is aft "u !  cockpit floor1     
plac+ x 9 su* a way z x w lie snug & n  
get  adrift1 no matt] h[ ! boat pit*es  
or heels4 ,if y\r compass is  ov] x1 y  
_h bett] see t ! plac+ ( x does n affect
 t  in/rum5t1 & if s1 h[ mu*4 ,frequ5tly
 compasses are ?r[n into  error by !    
keep+ ( an*ors & awn+ /an*ions "u !     

cockpit  floor4    ,! f\r? an*or--!     
k$ge--is a mo/ useful piece ( furniture4
  ,be+ light & easy to h&le x c be kept 
on ! b[s :5 rac+  or cruis+4 ,if x falls
 calm x is !re to let g & hold y2  if y 
g a%ore x c be at once run out ) a l9e  
to haul (f1  & if y miss a moor+ x w    
enable y to hang on until a l9e  c be   
c>ri$ to ! buoy4 ,x is useful :5 com+-to
 at a dock or  :5 f9d+ a b]? 9 a bas9 or
 slip2 light en\gh to be ?r[n  ov]      
any:]e y c an*or by ! /]n or head )     
equal facility4  ,hav+ x all[s y 9 rac+ 
on t5d] trimm+ craft to keep !  /&-by   
an*or bel[ out ( ! way & :]e x w int]f]e
 lea/  ) ! trim ( ! boat4 ,heavy weights
 hung on a boat's nose d n  improve ei!r
 its spe$ or its bad wea!r qualities4   
,to a cruis+  man a k$ge is invaluable2 
,i w\ld z soon be )\t my compass z my   
little hook4 ,9 boats "u #ce feet ! k$ge
 takes ! place ( !  small] b[] & p]=ms  
its duties4    ,to give good s]vice a   
k$ge mu/ be a prop]ly design$ k$ge1  n  
simply a small an*or4 ,! prop] k$ge is  

:at is kn[n z  spid]-built--long arms1  
long %ank1 long /ock & n>r[1 %>p        
flukes4 ,x is difficult to get ^!       
ready-made1 b ! %ipsmi? w  make y "o4 ,!
 be/ sub/itute = a g5u9e k$ge is ! se9e 
an*or4    ,n[ :at is ! be/ to use ) ^!  
an*ors--*a9 or rope8 ,) an  an*or l !   
/&-by1 *a9 is be/ = all boats t h a     
place  to /[ x4 ,*a9 is m la/+1 less    
dirty1 & takes b little  room 9         
comp>ison ) ! same l5g? ( rope4 ,haws]s 
are always 9  ! way1 no matt] h[ neatly 
!y are coil$ d[n4 ,besides !y are       
exp5sive1 ow+ to _! %ort lives4 ,9 bad  
wea!r y _c well  keep !m on deck1 & !y  
are wet & disagreeable cab9mates4    ,= 
! k$ge a long light l9e %\ld be us$1    
some?+ t "o man  c readily h&le4 ,x is  
be/ to h x 9 two p>ts2 "o "p be+  kept  
/[$ away & ! o!r always b5t4 ,!n y h    
less ( a  coil on deck or 9 ! b[ lock]1 
b h1 by b5d+ on ! second  piece1 a l5g? 
t w enable y to k$ge (f or on to        
advantage4    ,= ! sp>e ,i pref]1 & s w 
any man :o has exp]i5ce1 a  haws]4 ,9   

heavy wea!r a boat w ride mu* easi] to  
hemp ?an  %e w to *a92 no matt] h[ mu* (
 ! latt] y may pay out1  %e has ! weight
 to lift e "t %e takes up ! slack1 &    
consequ5tly rises sl[] & falls quick]4  
,hemp1 until x gets well  soak$1 puts   
little ( its weight on a rid+ vessel1 & 
besides !  give ( ! slack x /ret*es 9   
itself4    ,b :i*ev] y use1 be sure & h 
pl5ty ( x4 ,rememb] ?is3  t ! fir/ &    
all-important ?+ 9 an*or+ is ,,scope4   
,"o night1 n long ago1 we want$ to an*or
 a yawl1 z x 0 calm  & ! tide sett+ u   
away f our port4 ,my companions let !   
an*or g )\t fir/ s\nd+2 x ran to ! bitt]
 end ( !  *a9 ) no bottom4 ,z ! *>t only
 gave #ae fa?oms ,i 0 r  surpris$ &     
suppos$ ,i _h miscalculat$ ! ya*t's     
position1 b1  z my be>+s seem$ to be    
correct1 ,i ov]haul$ ! *a94 ,h[ mu*  *a9
 d y ?9k 0 on t an*or8 ,! boat be+ an   
old-fa%ion$  plumb-/emm]1 #cb feet on   
top4 ,j #aj fa?oms4 ,gaze on t--#aj     
fa?oms ( *a9 to an*or a boat ( t size4  
,:y1 to make x hold 9  a breeze ( w9d y 

w\ld h to be 9 eight feet ( wat]4    ,! 
=m] own]1 :o 0 responsible = ?is1 0 a   
man :o nev]  w5t t5 miles f 8 home port1
 & ,i %\ld judge knew v little  ab\t    
vessel h&l+4 ,!re are hundr$s ( o!r     
boats 9 j !  same fix4 ,& /ill we wond] 
:y ya*ts bl[ a%ore4    ,n[1 z we are    
?r\gh ) ! an*ors1 let u be>-(f = a bit  
& tackle ! subject ( an*or+1 :i* is !   
art ( us+ !m4  ,let me "h rem>k t 9 all 
my exp]i5ce ,i nev] _h an*ors fail  to d
 _! duty1 :5 prop]ly us$ & att5d$ to1 & 
t e  scrape 9 ?is l9e t ev] ,i got my   
boat into1 0 due to my own  c>elessness 
or laz9ess or somebody else's4 ,i h _h  
haws]s "p  & *a9s break1 & ,i h brok5   
arms ( an*ors & h lo/ !m  altoge!r1 b 9 
e case ! accid5t 0 avoidable if prop]   
=e?\ght & precaution _h be5 us$4    ,if 
y are r new at ! bus9ess1 or h h&s =w>d 
t y  _c rely ^u1 :5 mak+ port h ! hook  
cle>$ away e>ly 9  ! game4 ,!n g =w>d & 
see t all is 9 ord]4 ,:5 %e comes  to   
let x be at suffici5t di/ance to leew>d 
to kill all way be=e  %e rea*es !       

select$ b]?4 ,:5 /opp$ dead give y\r    
ord] to  let g4 ,!n comes 9 ! judgm5t z 
to h[ mu* scope %e ne$s4  ,:atev] !     
decision1 always lean to ! side ( m ?an 
less4    ,be=e an*or+ 9 a /range place  
consult ! *>t1 & "k !  bottom1 dep?1 &  
fall ( ! tide1 also its pres5t height2  
?is is  ( especial importance 9 places  
:]e !re is a big rise4 ,9 light  wea!r1 
= a %ort /ay1 six times ! dep? is       
suffici5t2 t is1  9 six feet ( wat] give
 h] six fa?oms ( cable4    ,if x is bl[+
 h>d & a sea runn+1 be=e lett+ g1 if y  
are  us+ a haws]1 range a good l5g? ( x 
on deck cle> = runn+  out4 ,get a good  
turn r\nd ! bitts & aft] ! hook has tak5
 hold  slack away h&somely1 b at ! same 
"t keep full control4 ,let h]  take x   
out2 don't give x to h]4 ,:5 ! haws] has
 a lead t  ent]s ! wat] well ahead1 make
 fa/1 & wat* h[ %e rides to x4    ,y c  
tell by feel+ ! cable :e!r ! an*or is   
bit+ or n4  ,if x cont9ues to drag &    
drags rapidly x is probably f\l2 if x   
drags sl[ly x is mo/ likely bad bottom2 

y\r *>t w tell y  :at k9d4    ,nev] drop
 )\t fir/ tak+ a range1 ei!r on %ore or 
on a ne>by  vessel1 = n only w x tell y 
if y are dragg+1 b x is  ! only sure way
 ( locat+ an an*or if y lose x4 ,! way  
to tell  if y are dragg+ at night or :5 
y _c get a range is to drop  ! lead     
ov]side ) a slack l9e2 if %e drags ! l9e
 w tr5d  out ahead4    ,if y\r hook     
drags badly & y h sail on1 get x up1 & d
 !  act ov] aga94 ,if y _c1 :y !n heave 
9 rapidly on ! fir/  & :5 "u foot let g 
y\r second4 ,d n1 if y possibly c  help 
x1 let g ! second :ile ! f\l an*or is   
out ahead1 =  if x %\ld /ick x w put y 9
 ! pr$icam5t ( hav+ an  unreliable hold 
at ! end ( y\r longe/ cable4    ,if !   
fir/ an*or drags because ! bottom is bad
 hold+1 !n  %ort5 up1 let g y\r second1 
& pay out on bo?4 ,if %e /ill  cont9ues 
to drag get up ! sp>e1 & if y c1 heave 9
 on bo?  to half-hawse1 & !n let ! sp>e 
g4 ,if %e goes on dragg+ y  h two hopes 
& "o alt]native4 ,"o hope is1 t ! wea!r 
w  let up2 ! o!r1 t z %e drags %e w get 

into bett] hold+  gr\nd2 ! alt]native ,i
 w att5d to 9 ano!r *apt]4    ,_m       
accid5ts are ! result ( ha/e &          
c>elessness1 :5 lett+  ! hook g4 ,a mate
 ( m9e once let ! an*or drop )\t fitt+  
! p9 9 ! /ock2 x came on to bl[ 9 !     
night & we dragg$  d[n on ano!r ya*t4   
,dropp+ ! hook :ile a vessel has headway
  on is ano!r cause ( an*ors be+ f\l4   
,frequ5tly 9 small ya*ts  c>ry+ ! hook  
"u ! b[sprit1 ! fluke w cat* on !       
bob/ay2 in/ead ( haul+ x up & cle>+ x1 a
 lubb] w let  ! /ock drop d[n & !n lift 
! fluke up & let all g4 ,:at  is !      
consequ5ce8 ! arm falls across ! cable &
 y h a f\l  an*or4 ,twice 9 my life ,i h
 _h m5 an*or ! boat on ! bob/ay4  ,?is  
happ5$ at night & ?r\gh my n go+ =w>d & 
look+ to  ?+s myself4 ,in/ead (1 l !    
un=tunate ,w5twor?1 exclaim+3  ,put n   
y\r tru/ 9 pr9ces1 let me cry1 ,put n   
y\r tru/ 9  amateurs1 especially com+ to
 an*or at night4 ,b ! mo/ frequ5t  cause
 ( mi%ap is 9 giv+ ei!r too little or   
too mu* scope4  ,laz9ess /&s impea*$ ( !

 fir/1 & ov]-caution ( ! second4        
,be=e turn+ 91 if ! wea!r looks at all  
dubi\s1 b n  ?reat5+ en\gh to w>rant y\r
 go+ to ! tr\ble ( s5d+ (f  ano!r an*or1
 y c secure y\rself f a sudd5 attack by 
^!  means4 ,we w suppose y are rid+ to  
y\r heavie/ b[]4 ,d[n !  second b[] "u !
 =e-foot1 be+ c>eful to see t x falls   
cle>1 !n take ! end ( y\r haws] f       
und]nea? ! coil1  & take a r\nd-turn    
r\nd ! ma/1 secur+ ! end ) two half     
hit*es ov] ! /&+ "p4 ,see t x r5d]s     
freely f ! top  ( ! coil4 ,pass x ?r\gh 
ei!r ! *ock on ! b[sprit or !  *ock on !
 rail4 ,if ! ya*t drags %e w c>ry out ! 
haws]  & fet*-up :5 ! end is rea*$4 ,if 
y are us+ *a9 see t  x is cle> = runn+  
out4 ,by employ+ y\r second an*or 9 ?is 
way1 y w prev5t f\l+ hawse if ! ya*t    
sw+s ) ! tide  or w9d4    ,illu/ration3 
,,h[ ,,to ,,an*or ,,) ,,two ,,hooks     
,,d[n    ,a is ! "r way2 ,b ! wrong way4
    ,c %[s an*or back$ ) balla/4        
,back+ an an*or is done 9 sev]al ways1 b
 z x is only done 9  extreme cases y are

 g5]ally oblig$ to d x ! be/ way y  c1  
us+ su* mat]ials z are at h&4 ,take two 
or f\r pigs (  balla/1 wrap !m securely 
) a /rong small l9e1 & put on a         
%awl-/rap h&le ov] ! *a9 & let !m slide 
d[n ) a small  l9e atta*$ to prev5t _!  
work+ "r out to ! an*or4 ,a small  piece
 ( *a9 is bett] ?an rope to use on a *a9
 hawse4 ,if y c  heave 9 y c la% !      
balla/ to ! *a91 & !n pay out aga94     
,back+ is usually done at ! la/ call1 & 
z x is wet &  dang]\s "w on a small     
boat's head :5 %e is pit*+ ) a sea1  !  
job is a hurry "o & is frequ5tly bungl$4
 ,by putt+ a l9e on  ! balla/ y c recov]
 x if ! la%+ p>ts or frets ?r\gh4    ,a 
trip-l9e is made fa/ to an an*or ) a    
clove hit* r\nd !  cr[n1 & ei!r buoy$ or
 l$ on bo>d4 ,if l$ on bo>d1 x %\ld be  
/opp$ d[n to ! heel ( ! %ank ) a rott5  
/op & belay$  ) pl5ty ( slack4    ,n[ ,i
 am go+ to give y t5 rules = an*or+1 b  
be pleas$ to  rememb] t ^! rules are n  
fix$ laws1 & z su* d n b9d  y to d any?+
 aga9/ :at judgm5t1 exp]i5ce1 or a      

pres5t  difficulty may sugge/4    #a4   
,nev] drop an an*or until y h fir/      
exam9$ x4    #b4 ,nev] drop an an*or    
/ock d[n4    #c4 ,nev] drop an an*or f !
 b[s :ile ! boat has headway1  except = 
! purpose ( prev5t+ h] go+ a%ore or into
 some?+4    #d4 ,) ! w9d & sea ahead    
give any am\nt ( scope4    #e4 ,9 a     
tide-way give j suffici5t to hold1 no m1
 unless !  conditions ( w9d & sea oblige
 a long lead2 !n wat* y\r hawse  :5 %e  
%ifts tides4    #f4 ,:5 gett+ und]way 9 
a /rong w9d1 d n %ort5 too mu*  be=e    
ev]y?+ is ready al(t2 same :5 surr\nd$  
by o!r vessels4    #g4 ,be sure :5 y    
make fa/1 t y make fa/4 ,always         
wea!r-bit  y\r haws] be=e turn+ 94      
,don't make fa/ ov] an old set (  turns 
:5 y %ort5 hawse4 ,always keep y\r      
rid+-bits cle> (  ev]y?+ b ! haws]4     
#h4 ,always exam9e ! ge> be=e leav+ !   
ya*t or turn+ 94 ,if  %e is rid+ h>d1   
feel if %e is fa/ or dragg+4    #i4     
,keep y\r haws]s or *a9s lead+ free ( ! 
b[sprit rigg+4  ,look out = *af+ & fre%5

 ! hawse frequ5tly4    #aj4 ,nev] an*or 
on rocky bottom )\t a trip l9e4         
,,weight ,,( ,,an*ors              ,l5g?
       ,k$ge  #a/ ,b[] #b;d ,b[]  ,sp>e 
----------------------------------------
-----------     #bj feet o4 a4  #aj lbs4
  #bj lbs4   ----    #cj lbs4     #be   
#aj      #be       ----    #dj       #cj
           #ae      #cj       ----      
#ej       #ce           #ae      #dj    
#cj lbs4  #fj       #dj           #bj   
#de      #ce      #hj          ,^!      
weights %\ld be 7except+ k$ge7 increas$ 
#be p] c5t4 :5  an*ors are = use on a   
broad %oal model1 & c be decreas$ if    
model is v %>p & ! hull light4 ,!re is  
no advantage to be _h  by decreas+ !    
weight ( ! sp>e 9 any case4 ,an*ors are 
seldom  =g$ to weigh exactly ! above    
weights1 b ! matt] ( a few  p\nds ei!r  
way w n effect ! s]vice4      ,,size ,,&
 ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,*a9           ,size      
,av]age   ,pro(  ,av]age   ,suitable    
,size (             ,weight    ,te/     
,break+  = ,ya*t ,an*or           ,p]   

,fa?om         ,/ra9                    
----------------------------------------
-------------    ,in*   ,9 ,p\nds  ,tons
    ,tons       ,tons    ,p\nds         
#c_/af    #c          #a_/b     #g_/h   
#a-a_/b    #bj     #a_/d     #d-a_/b    
#c_/d   #a-a_/d      #b        #cj      
#e_/af    #f-a_/b    #a-a_/b   #b-a_/b  
#d        #ej     #c_/h     #i        #b
       #d          #h        #ge        
#g_/af   #ab        #c       #e-a_/b    
#ah       #ajj     #a_/b    #ae         
#d       #f-a_/b     #cj       #aej     
,f ,catalogue ( ,a4 ,s4 ,morss1 ,bo/on1 
,mass4      ,,size ,,& ,,/r5g? ,,(      
,,haws]s              ,size 9    ,size 9
    ,weight (    ,break+ ,numb] ( feet  
,circumf]5ce ,diamet]  #ajj ,fa?oms     
,/r5g?   9 #a lb4                       
,manila 9 lbs4  9 lbs4                  
----------------------------------------
------------------------      #f ?d4    
#c_/af 94       #ab         #edj     #ej
 feet1      #i            #a_/d         
#ah         #ghj     #cc      #d 94     

#ab            #f_/af         #bd       
#a1jjj     #be       #ae                
#c_/h          #cj       #a1bhj     #bj 
#a-a_/d 94     #g_/af         #cg       
#a1efb     #ag      #h        #a-a_/b   
#a_/b          #df       #b1bej     #ac 
#a-c_/d        #i_/af         #fe       
#c1jfb      #i      #c        #b        
#e_/h          #hj       #d1jjj      #g 
#f        #b-a_/d        #c_/d          
#ih       #e1jjj      #f        #b-a_/b 
#ab_/af        #abj       #f1bej      #e
        #b-c_/d        #g_/h            
#adb       #g1ejj      #d      #c       
#c            #a           #agj         
#i1jjj      #c      #f          ,f      
,catalogue ( ,a4 ,s4 ,morss1 ,bo/on1    
,mass4          ,,on ,,rigg+        ,!n 
let 8 vessel feel ! /ra9    ,:5 w>s !   
gale along ! ma92    ,/rong 9 8 tru/ (  
%r\d & /ay    ,! seaman holds 8 leew>d  
way1    ,spreads ! reef'd sail on buckl+
 ma/    ,& pr\dly d>es ! /ormy bla/4    
,,on ,,rigg+    ,:5 we speak ( a        
vessel's rigg+ we mean ev]y?+ t supports

  ! sp>s & is employ$ 9 sett+ & trimm+ !
 sails4 ,rigg+  is divid$ into two      
classes--/&+ & runn+4 ,! fir/ is !      
portion t rema9s /ation>y1 & ^: (fice is
 to hold &  /r5g!n ! sp>s4 ,! second is 
rove ?r\gh blocks & moves2 its  (fice is
 to hoi/1 l[] & trim ! sails4    ,rigg+ 
has be5 mu* simplifi$ ( late ye>s ow+ to
 ! use (  bett] proportion$ fitt+s &    
/rong] mat]ials4 ,! use ( wire  rope 9  
place ( hemp has r$uc$ ! size & weight (
 /&+  rigg+1 & :at is ( m importance1   
giv5 a /able factor4    ,9 ! old days :5
 hemp 0 us$1 ! %r\ds & /ays _h to  be   
con/antly wat*$1 z !y v>i$ 9 l5g? e "t  
!re  0 a l>ge *ange 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,?is 
0 a frequ5t cause (  disma/+4 ,a vessel 
be=e leav+ port w\ld h h] rigg+ set up  
9 dry1 cold wea!r2 go+ to sea %e w\ld   
run into a w>m region &  ev]y?+ w\ld    
slack up4 ,z x is n[1 ! expansion &     
contraction  ( wire rigg+ is s small t a
 few turns ( a screw w take x  up or    
give x back4 ,! only dang] f wire is 9  
sett+ x up too  taut :5 at its full     

/ret*1 b ?is1 9 su* l5g? z g to make  ! 
%r\ds ( a ya*t1 is little to be fe>$4 ,b
 ! funnel guys (  /eam-ya*ts %\ld be    
frequ5tly look$ to1 z ! expansion ( !   
iron is liable to pull out ! deck       
eye-bolts4    ,i am n go+ to tell y h[  
to rig a ya*t1 because y c le>n  t bett]
 & quick] by do+ z ! ,yankee did :o     
want$ to le>n  h[ to make clocks--took  
"o ap>t & put x toge!r aga94 ,j  /rip a 
ya*t1 !n re-rig h]1 & y w be 9 a fair   
way to le>n  all ab\t x4 ,:at ,i am go+ 
to d1 is to po9t out to y a few  ?+s 9  
reg>d to rigg+ t may aid y 9 tak+ bett] 
c>e (  :at y h1 & 9 mak+ m secure &     
simple its use4    ,! "o axiom ( !      
bus9ess is ?is1 & ,i want y to engrave x
 on  y\r memory1 = ! violation ( its    
tru? is ! cause ( n9e out  ( t5         
breakd[ns3 ,! weake/ "p ( any %r\d1 /ay 
or tackle is  its /ronge/ "p4 ,if y take
 two pieces ( *a9 capable ( lift+  a    
ton1 & jo9 !m ) a piece ( rope capable (
 lift+ five  hundr$ p\nds1 y\r          
comb9ation is only z /rong z ! rope1 &  

w only lift ! small] weight4 ,?is is :y 
%r\ds s frequ5tly  give way2 ! wire rope
 is /rong en\gh1 ! splice is firm1 b !  
rigg+-screw is only capable ( be>+ half 
! /ra9 ( ^?  p>ts4 ,same ) halli>ds2 !  
tackle w lift a ton1 ! p9 9 !  block or 
%ackle n five hundr$ p\nds4 ,all p>ts ( 
any tackle mu/  be proportionately      
/rong4    ,! mo/ unreliable portion ( a 
ya*t's rigg+ is ! ironwork4 ,9  ! fir/  
place1 mu* ( x is badly proportion$1 & 9
 ! second  place x is too light4 ,!re is
 no s5se 9 mak+ ironwork s light  z is  
frequ5tly done4 ,! am\nt ( weight sav$1 
especially 9 ^?  p>ts atta*$ to ! hull1 
is ( no importance4 ,ano!r s\rce (      
weakness1 especially 9 *a9 plates1 is 9 
mak+ ! /raps too  %ort2 n giv+ room = ! 
fa/5+s4 ,*a9 plates %\ld be  c>ri$ "r   
d[n & be secur$ to ! frame4    ,! k+p9 (
 ! :ole /ructure erect$ above ! deck ( a
 ya*t  is ! bob/ay4 ,if t goes y are    
liable to lose ev]y?+1 &  x does g      
frequ5tly4 ,! pr9cipal cause ( its p>t+ 
is ! ov]  sett+ up ( ! head/ays4        

,sometimes ! bob/ay itself is set up too
  taut1 at o!r times ! jib /ay is /ra9$4
 ,"o way or ano!r !  spr+ ( a sp> is    
br\ght on x1 & ! vessel1 gett+ into a   
head  sea1 beg9s to pit*2 ?is causes a  
back-la%+ & away goes a bolt  or a      
plate4    ,n long ago we 7 try+ to      
insure a ya*t t 0 to g ,s\?4  ,!        
und]writ]s refus$ ! risk on ! gr\nd t ! 
ya*t w\ld  get disma/$1 & be oblig$ to  
put back or be lo/ altoge!r4  ,at ! same
 "t !y will+ly took a risk on two small 
topsail  s*oon]s b\nd to ! ,we/ ,indies4
 ,we all sail$ )9 f\r days4 ,!  ya*t w5t
 ?r\gh all "r1 b bo? ! s*oon]s lo/ _! =e
  topma/s1 b[sprits1 jib booms & o!r    
headge>1 & _h to return to  ,new ,york =
 a refit4 ,!y ran into a high head sea1 
& ! =ema/1  be+ set up on ! b[sprit1 !  
bob/ay p>t$ "u ! /ra9 &  away ev]y?+    
w5t4    ,i h se5 a small rac+ boat ) a  
bronze rod ( #c_/h in* diamet]  = a     
bob/ay1 & ?is secur$ to ! /em ) two     
"o-in* screws4  ,y _c make y\r bob/ay   
too /rong or fa/5 x too securely4 ,x  0 

=m]ly a cu/om to fit two bob/ays1 a     
regul> "o & a small]  "o1 call$ a       
prev5t]4 ,?is latt] 0 set up slack ( !  
heavi]  "o4 ,= _m reasons ?is 0 a poor  
practice1 x be+ f> bett] to  put ! /r5g?
 ( ! two 9 "o4 ,9 ano!r *apt] ,i h told 
y  h[ to rig a tackle prev5t] = use :5  
go+ to sea4    ,b[sprit %r\ds %\ld be   
made heavy1 & c>ri$ z f> aft z  possible
 to get a spread4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to  
set !m up ev5ly4  ,foot ropes "u a      
b[sprit are unsightly1 & are n ne$$     
unless  ! sp> is long4 ,if y\r jib /ay  
is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! sp> & made  fa/ to !   
/em1 x %\ld r5d] freely 9 ! bee hole4   
,unless x  does x is liable to /ra9 !   
sp>4 ,i ne>ly lo/ a ma/ once by !  jib  
/ay saw+ into ! wood & /ick+4 ,x p>t$ 9 
a sea-way1 &  ! %ock broke ! bob/ay     
%ackle4 ,e cruis+ boat %\ld h  two %r\ds
 to a side4 ,on pole-ma/ boats "o ( ^!  
%\ld run to  ! h\nds & ! o!r to !       
ma/head4 ,don't set !m up to b&s2       
eye-splice & put !m ov] ! sp>4 ,y nev] c
 tru/ ! eye 9  a b&4 ,! rigg+ screws    

%\ld be j twice z heavy z :at !  av]age 
man w tell y to use4 ,! screw is ! weak 
"p4 ,cutt+  ! ?read de/roys ! /r5g? ( ! 
metal4 ,! extra weight is  no?+ to speak
 (2 ! extra /r5g? is ev]y?+4 ,al?\gh !y 
are m tr\ble to c>e = ,i pref] lany>ds4 
,always keep y\r %r\ds set up b>-taut2 !
 old notion t a ma/  %\ld h play is a   
fallacy4 ,! /iff] y\r sp> ! bett] x  w  
c>ry sail4 ,9 our mod]n boats a ma/ %\ld
 be kept plumb4 ,f  :at ,i h se5 all    
boats sail bett] ) _! ma/s plumb4 ,ano!r
  ?+1 don't cut y\r %e]-poles too %ort2 
!y are s cut on half  ! boats ,i h se52 
! consequ5ce is !y are always work+     
loose4    ,on _m ya*ts ! rope us$ 9 !   
runn+ rigg+ is too small4 ,x  may be    
pl5ty /rong en\gh1 b a man gets tir$ (  
pick+ up &  pull+ on %oe/r+s4 ,?is is a 
frequ5t fault ) ma9-%eets2  ano!r is n  
hav+ en\gh p>ts4 ,a %eet tackle %\ld be 
p[]ful  en\gh to give "o man control ( !
 sail at any "t4 ,weak travel]s  is     
ano!r defect4 ,?is %\ld be d\bly /rong1 
z x is frequ5tly  us$ to t[ or make fa/ 

to4 ,e boat %\ld h a /rong r+bolt  on   
ea* side 9 ! qu>t]s = boom la%+s1 etc4  
,!re are pl5ty ( good blocks & pl5ty (  
bad ones4 ,! mod]n  metal blocks are    
good1 b %\ld be ( a big passage1 z ! ge>
  :5 wet is apt to jam 9 !m4 ,?is is a  
fault ) all blocks hav+  small %eaves4  
,! weak "p ( a block is ei!r ! p9 or !  
%ackle4    ,on small boats a s+le topp+ 
lift is all t is ne$$1 b on  yawls &    
ket*es1 :]e ! ma9 boom is inbo>d & %ort1
 two lifts  are bett]4 ,boats ) heavy   
sp>s %\ld h a jig fitt$ to !  lift4     
,lazy jacks are useful on cruis+ boats1 
especially if y are  sail+ %ort h&$1 b  
!y are a nuisance :5 reef+4 ,! ends     
%\ld be made fa/ 9 su* a way z to all[ (
 _! be+ slack$  up1 b n s z to p]mit (  
_! gett+ adrift4 ,i h got into  tr\ble  
sev]al times ?r\gh ! lazy jacks gett+   
adrift4 ,!  ends blew across ! peak     
halli>ds1 & f\l$ !m 9 su* way z  to     
prev5t ! sail f com+ d[n4 ,if ?is happ5s
 at night :5  reef+ y are liable to be 9
 a fix4 ,i may z well say "h t !  ends (

 all runn+ ge> %\ld be made fa/4    ,if 
y h a p9-rail ?is is easily done4 ,take 
out ! p9 & slip  ! socket ?r\gh ! rope  
betwe5 ! /r&s1 %ove x on ! coll>  ( !   
projection & put ! p9 back4 ,if y\r     
halli>ds are belay$  to cleats1 m>l !m  
to ! cleat4 ,at night or 9 a bl[ ! crew 
w  let g "o halli>d to pick up ano!r1 & 
away goes ! end fly+  out4 ,if x is d>k 
x c't be f\nd1 z m ?an likely x is      
wrapp$  r\nd a %r\d or lift1 or is fly+ 
out f al(t l a p5nant4  ,i h _h "s      
anxi\s times hunt+ ! ends ( ge> ( a d>k1
  w9dy night4 ,:5 sail+ 9 ! d>k or 9 bad
 wea!r make ! end  ( y\r ma9%eet fa/2   
always keep a knot 9 x4 ,jib's %eet %\ld
  be endless1 runn+ "r r\nd ! cockpit4  
,!n y c always f9d  !m1 & ! end won't   
wa% ov]bo>d4    ,x is ! cu/om n[ to put 
bridles or spans on gaffs & booms 9     
ord] to di/ribute ! /ra94 ,!y are good  
?+s if us$ 9  mod]ation1 b x is         
extremely fooli% to put a rig ( ?is k9d 
on a  tw5ty-foot] c>ri$ out 9 ! lavi%   
fa%ion ( a cup def5d]4 ,i  h se5 little 

boats knock+ ab\t ) spans on ! boom t   
w\ld  pretty ne>ly h held ! ,columbia's 
sp>4 ,"s ( our design]s h  an especial  
fad = load+ d[n boats ) all k9ds ( ge>1 
& seem  to glory 9 bridl+ ev]y?+ t (f]s 
! lea/ excuse = su*  fitt+s4 ,! fir/ ?+ 
t a good rac+ man has to d :5 he  gets  
"o ( ^! boats is to /rip (f ab\t half ! 
/uff & *ange  leads all r\nd4           
,complicat$ runn+ rigg+ is a nuisance2 x
 _c be too simple s  long z x is        
effective4 ,! less /r+s y h to pull !   
quick]  y c "w4 ,?is is j z true on a   
cruis] z x is on a rac]4  ,a lot ( l9e  
is also a nuisance r\nd ! decks2 a cle> 
deck is a  sailor's bless+4    ,"o ( !  
?+s ,i h help$ to simplify is ! ge> on  
sp9nak]s4  ,long ago ,i po9t$ out t ?is 
sail c\ld be us$ on small boats  )\t    
ou?auls & lifts1 & t )\t !m ! sail 0    
easi]  set & easi] tak5 94 ,?is me?od ( 
h&l+ t sail has s9ce  be5 practic$ on ! 
majority ( our rac+ craft4 ,half !      
sp9nak]  poles are too heavy = _! l5g?1 
& ! sails too big to be  effective 9    

any?+ b extremely light wea!r4 ,all ge> 
belong+  to ! pole %\ld be snap-hook$1 s
 t x c be atta*$ or  deta*$ at once4    
,snap-hooks & si/]-hooks are excell5t   
contrivances1 b bew>e (  !m4 ,!y h a    
trick ( giv+ out j at ! wrong "t1 & are 
to blame = _m a lo/ sp>4 ,!y %\ld be    
extra l>ge & /rong  if !y are to be     
subject$ to heavy & cont9u$ /ra9s4      
,all ge>1 especially ! iron "w1 %\ld be 
con/antly exam9$1 n  only :5 at an*or1 b
 :ile "u way4 ,_m m5 nev] look at _!    
boat's ge> f ! "t %e is put ov]bo>d     
until %e is haul$ out4  ,"h is a case t 
fell "u my notice3 ,a boat 0 be+ /ripp$ 
= haul+ out1 :5 we notic$ t h] ma/ 0    
%aky2 on exam9+  ! /ep x 0 f\nd t ! heel
 ( ! sp> 0 j 9 x & no  m1 all[+ ! ma/ to
 play4 ,tak+ h] "u ! %e>s1 we rais$  !  
sp>1 & f\nd ly+ 9 ! /ep a cold *isel t  
prev5t$ !  heel f dropp+ home4 ,?is boat
 _h be5 sail$ ab\t all summ]1  & ! own] 
admitt$ t he notic$ some?+ 0 wrong ) !  
ma/1 b t he _h nev] exam9$ ! /ep4 ,ano!r
 "t ,i 0 on a  cutt] t c>ri$ away h]    

ma/-head4 ,:5 we exam9$ ! break x  0    
f\nd t ! /ick 0 completely rott$ ?r\gh4 
,! damage 0  caus$ by holl[+ ( ! wood   
above ! upp] b&1 :i* all[$ !  ra9 wat]  
to /& & soak into ! gra94    ,if ,i h a 
boat 9 *>ge ,i make x a duty to g al(t  
at lea/ once  a week :5 %e is "u way &  
take a c>eful survey ( all !  ironwork1 
blocks & splices4 ,i also exam9e !      
b[sprit rigg+  ?or\ghly4 ,! ironwork    
%\ld be s\nd$ ) a hamm] or heavy knife  
blade1 j z railroad m5 s\nd c>:eels4    
,blocks %\ld be look$  to & kept well   
oil$4 ,turnbuckles %\ld also be kept    
oil$1 & if  y are out 9 mu* r\gh wat] !y
 %\ld be cov]$ ) a false  p>cel+ ( pa9t$
 canvas4 ,if ?is is done !y won't       
freeze1 &  :5 y want to taut5 or slack !
 rigg+ y w be able to d s  )\t us+ a lot
 ( k]os5e & h>d twi/+4    ,on cruis+    
boats ) outbo>d booms reef-p5dants = !  
two l[]  reefs are g5]ally kept rove1 b 
!y are mu* ( a nuisance4 ,?is  c be     
obviat$ 9 a measure by hav+ !m 9 two    
l5g?s1 keep+ "o  "p 9 ! sail & ! o!r 9 !

 lock] :5 n 9 use4 ,if !  sail is heavy 
a small tackle is h&y4 ,su* a tackle    
%\ld be c>ri$  on all boats2 x saves a  
lot ( h>d labor1 especially if y take   
gr\nd & h to haul (f4    ,illu/ration3  
,,auxili>y ,,cruis] ,,= ,,s\!rn ,,wat]s 
,,on ,,/r&+        ,borne o'er a lat5t  
reef ! hull imp5ds1    ,& ?und]+ on a   
m>ble crag desc5ds2    ,h] pond]\s bulk 
! dire concussion feels1    ,& o'er     
upheav+ surges w\nd$ reels--    ,aga9 %e
 plunges6 h>k6 a second %ock    ,bilges 
! splitt+ vessel on ! rock4             
--,,falcon]      ,,on ,,/r&+    ,?is is 
a subject ^u :i* ,i c pose z a ma/]4 ,if
 any man has  be5 a%ore m times ?an ,i  
h1 ,i %\ld l to meet him & sp5d  an ev5+
 comp>+ notes4 ,"o ( my favorite        
amusem5ts is to sail  into places :]e a 
man ( s5se has no bus9ess to g2         
consequ5tly  my boat is cont9ually be+  
hung up on rocks1 %oals & b>s4 ,:ile    
?is is n p>ticul>ly good = ! boat1 x has
 done me no h>m1 z  ,i h ga!r$ a lot ( k
 & exp]i5ce :i*1 y will+1 ,i  w spread  

be=e y4    ,ya*ts1 unlike m]*ant        
vessels1 are seldom damag$ by tak+      
gr\nd4  ,?is is because1 9 proportion to
 _! weight1 !y are extremely  /rong     
fabrics4 ,a m]*ant vessel :5 load$ has  
little res]ve  buoyancy1 & :5 %e /rikes1
 %e hits h>d2 b a ya*t is almo/ z       
buoyant z an empty b>rel1 & unless %e   
hits ) a p]p5dicul>  portion1 does s v  
lightly4    ,frequ5tly :5 a ya*t hits a 
rock x seems to ^? on bo>d z if  ! end (
 ?+s _h come2 b :5 an exam9ation is made
 x w be  f\nd t little h>m has be5 done4
    ,i once /ruck a rock ) a small      
sloop4 ,x 0 bl[+ a /rong breeze  &      
consid]able sea runn+4 ,:5 %e /ruck1 !  
bl[ 0 t]rific2  x ?rew me ov] ! :eel to 
l& on my head 9 ! =e end ( !  cockpit1 &
 knock$ ! re/ (f _! p9s4 ,! c5t]bo>d 0  
driv5 cle> up out ( ! case aga9/ ! cab9 
ro(1 ! sloop  mak+ a jump ov] ! /one &  
into deep wat] on ! o!r side4    ,we all
 ?\ght ! boat mu/ be badly damag$1 b z  
%e made no  wat]1 we turn$ r\nd & work$ 
h] home4 ,:5 %e 0 haul$ out1  ! only    

sign ( ! bl[ 0 a d5t 9 ! lead keel j    
deep &  wide en\gh to hold a f+]4       
,ano!r "t ,i 0 9 a bulb-f9 boat1 rac+1  
:5 %e /ruck a rock4  ,%e 0 close-haul$ &
 go+ l a sc>$ cat4 ,x felt l bang+  up  
aga9/ a /one wall1 ! %ock s5d+ u all    
fly+ =w>d4 ,!  damage done am\nt$ to a  
bruis$ bulb & a slightly b5t f92 !  hull
 01 s f> z we c\ld asc]ta9 by sup]ficial
 inspection1  unhurt4    ,metal-%od     
keels are und\bt$ly a great protection1 
& a ya*t t  /rikes fairly on h] iron or 
lead w seldom be damag$ to su* an  ext5t
 z to endang] h] safety4 ,i h kn[n boats
 to be sunk by  /rik+ rocks1 b !y hit   
ei!r ! side ( ! b[ or ! bilge  & /ove 9 
! plank4 ,= ?is reason1 if y f9d y\rself
 go+ on  a rock1 always take x /em-to4  
,by ?is means ,i jump$ a rock 9 ,wood's 
,hole t 0 six in*es out ( wat]1 & l&$   
all "r on !  o!r side4    ,! mo/ dang]\s
 ?+ to d1 yet ! ?+ t is mo/ natural  to 
d1 is to put ! helm up or d[n ) ! hopes 
( escap+2  consequ5tly y\r craft is     
c>ri$ on1 & /rikes broadside4 ,?is n    

only is liable to bilge h]1 b makes x f>
 m difficult to get h]  (f4 ,x is       
especially dang]\s if y g on ) a wea!r  
w9d or  tide4    ,always rememb] t w\nds
 9 a hull are lea/ dang]\s at !  ends1 &
 mo/ dang]\s 9 ! middle body4 ,if a boat
 is pi]c$ 9  h] head or tail y may be   
able to trim ! leak out1 or save h]  f  
s9k+ by /r&+ & jack+ ! leaky end up1 b  
if %e is  pi]c$ amid%ips y _c get at !  
hole unless y haul completely  out4 ,i  
rememb] see+ a s&bagg] t _h torn ! plank
 away f  h] /em sav$ f s9k+ by trimm+1 !
 crew rais+ h] head by  pil+ all ! bags 
aft4    ,luckily = ! navigator1 ! sea by
 con/ant wa%+1 & nature by  a cov]+ (   
seawe$ & slime1 prep>es ! majority (    
rocks =  8 reception1 s t if he /rikes !
 object fairly ) suffici5t  way on1 8   
craft w slide ov]4 ,b sometimes he runs 
aga9/ a  ragg$ reef1 & !n !re is tr\ble4
 ,! reefs & lone rocks along  our coa/  
are g5]ally worn smoo?1 & are n dang]\s 
cu/om]s  l ! coral =mations ( w>m]      
climes4 ,"o ( ! wor/ ?+s to  run on is a

 reef ( small b\ld]s1 z y are liable to 
get "o on  ei!r side j "u ! bilge4 ,^!  
places are ! rema9s ( a  po9t or isl&1 &
 are good places to fight %y (4 ,! wor/ 
boats  to take gr\nd are flat-bottom$   
craft l %>pies2 :5 !y g on  !y g5]ally  
make a p]fect job ( x4 ,!y are bad ?+s  
to /r&  on a s&-b> or flat1 ! bottom ( !
 boat suck+ l a lee* to  a turtle's     
h9dqu>t]4 ,unless y c get ! tide to lift
 "o (  ?is k9d (f1 x is ei!r jettison ! 
balla/ or dig out4 ,a man :o  knocks    
ab\t a s&y l& 9 a %>pie %\ld always c>ry
 a %ovel  ) him4    ,! fir/ rule (      
action ^u /r&+ is to at once l[] all    
sail4  ,!re is b "o exception to ?is2 ,i
 w /ate x lat]4 ,y _c  drive a vessel (f
 gr\nd ) h] sails 7y may back h] (f72 at
  lea/ ,i nev] c\ld4 ,! reason ( ?is is 
t a boat "u sail  pressure drives d[n1 &
 draws m wat] ! h>d] y =ce h]4  ,aga91  
if y drive h] (f1 or ov] bottom1 ) !    
sails1 y are  likely to damage ! hull or
 break ! rudd]4    ,aft] tak+ (f sail   
run out a k$ge aga9/ ! w9d or curr5t1   

unless bo? are ahead2 !n take x out !   
way y came 94 ,give x  all ! l9e y c2 ! 
/raight] ! pull ! less likely t y\r     
an*or w come home4 ,z soon z x is d[n1  
heave taut1 & keep !  vessel's /]n to ! 
sea1 curr5t or w9d1 :i*ev] is mo/       
p[]ful4  ,?is done1 if on a rock1 g bel[
 & see if %e is mak+ wat]4 ,:ile  y are 
do+ ?is let ! o!r h&s s\nd r\nd ! craft 
to f9d  h[ %e lies4    ,if %e is n      
leak+1 get all y\r beef on ! haws] &    
heave away4  ,"h is :]e a h&y-billy or  
wat*-tackle comes 94 ,sometimes y  c use
 ! w9dlass1 b ?is is n z good z a       
tackle1 because !  h&s h to /& =w>d to  
"w x1 & y want all ! weight  aft4 ,if %e
 refuses to budge "u ! pull1 g bel[1 &  
if y h  inside weight %ift x aft4 ,if %e
 /ill refuses to />t1 get out  ev]y?+   
weighty1 & ei!r light] x or heave x     
ov]-side4    ,sometimes y c />t a boat  
(f a rock by broad5+ (f !  ma9-boom1 &  
s5d+ a man out on x to roll h]4 ,be=e y 
d ?is  be sure & set up ! topp+ lift1 & 
wea!r prev5t] if "o is  fitt$4 ,!       

pr9cipal ?+ is to keep a con/ant & firm 
/ra9 on  ! haws]4    ,if !re is any roll
 on1 get ! haws] set up fiddle-/r+ taut 
)  ! tackle1 !n place all h&s s z to    
surge x sideways e "t  %e lifts on !    
sea4 ,if ! boat is "o ) a deep false    
keel y  c ga9 a few in*es (f ! draught  
by c>e5+ h]4 ,?is is done  by tak+ an   
an*or (f at "r angles to h] lay & sett+ 
up !  haws] by any ( ! ma/-head tackles1
 ei!r jib or peak haly>ds4  ,nev] d ?is 
if !re is any sea on1 z x is liable to  
/ra9 !  hull or break ! false keel4 ,i  
don't believe x is mu* good1 & d  n     
recomm5d its practice except z a la/    
call4    ,ano!r plan :i* ,i f\nd to "w  
well :5 a boat is /r&$ on a  %elv+ bank 
( ei!r mud or s& is to ov]haul ! ?roat  
haly>ds1  & b5d ! gaff-block to a bight 
9 ! haws]1 lett+ a tail ( !  haws] drop 
d[n f ! block4 ,!n set up h>d on !      
haly>d1 us+  ! w9dlass or wat*-tackle4  
,?is done1 let a man hang on ! tail (  !
 haws]1 ?r[+ 8 weight up & d[n s z to   
surge x1 ! re/  tak+ 9 ! slack4 ,?is    

makes ! ma/ a lev] to lift h]1 & if  !re
 is wat] "u ! /]n %e w surely />t4    ,9
 a boat ) a deep /]npo/ & slop+ keel y c
 sometimes d  bett] by sw++ x on its    
heel1 & heav+ (f b[ fir/1 gett+  all y\r
 sp>e live weight out on ! b[sprit to   
br+ h] by !  head2 b x dep5ds on :]e %e 
is h>de/ fa/1 & h[ mu* weight  y h to   
trim )4 ,if %e is fa/ aft ( mid%ips ?is 
plan w  "w1 b if =w>d ( t po9t x w n4   
,! mo/ frequ5t /r&+s are :5 try+ to ent]
 ! m\?s (  creeks or riv]s2 places beset
 ) b>s & flats4 ,if ! w9d &  tide are   
ahead y c easily get (f1 b if ei!r is   
a/]n y are  liable to be 9 a fix4 ,if y 
/rike c>ry+ ! tide & w9d )  y1 d[n all  
sail in/antly1 la% ! helm amid%ips1 &   
get out !  an*or & long w>p4    ,! m9ute
 a vessel /rikes "u ^! conditions %e w  
sw+  broadside-to1 & drive up high]1 at 
! same "t ! tide w pile  ! s& or silt   
r\nd h]4 ,if y c hold h] /]n to ! tide1 
!  curr5t w cut ! s& away1 & ! swell w  
help y to pull h]  (f4    ,n[ comes !   
only exception to ! rule ( tak+ 9 sail3 

,if y are  go+ into an inlet ) a fair   
w9d & head-tide1 & take gr\nd  on a s(t 
b>1 keep y\r sails full & hold ! boat's 
nose to !  curr5t4 ,if y c keep h]      
/eady1 :i* y c be/ d by gett+  all y\r  
sp>e life weight =w>d1 ! curr5t w cut a 
passage =  y4 ,! mo/ dang]\s /r&+ is ) a
 /rong 9-runn+ tide &  a /]n swell4 ,a  
boat "u ^! conditions is liable to be   
hove ov]  on h] side & flood$4 ,a small 
/eam%ip 0 lo/ la/ w9t] 9 !  ,bri/ol     
,*annel by an accid5t ( ?is k9d2 %e     
/ruck on a %oal1  swung beam to ! tide1 
& roll$ completely ov]4    ,sev]al p[]  
boats h be5 wreck$ 9 ! same mann]1 z f !
  n>r[ness ( _! beam !y are v liable to 
roll ov] :5 caught  broadside-to by a   
curr5t4 ,ano!r ?+ t (t5 damages laun*es 
is leav+ !m :]e1 :5 ! tide falls1 !y are
 broadside on  a %elv+ bank4 ,! wat]    
leaves !m & !y fall ov]2 ! tide         
returns1 & n hav+ suffici5t buoyancy to 
lift be=e x rises to  _! coam+s !y are  
flood$ & sunk4    ,ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0 a  
lad1 a v fa/ & n>r[ /eam laun* 0  left  

by h] crew on a %elv+ bank close to :]e 
we 7 an*or$4  ,:5 ! tide dropp$ %e fell 
ov]1 & z h] crew did n return we  tri$  
to save h]1 b ! bottom 0 too s(t to all[
 work+ on1 &  %e fill$ at ! flood4 ,on !
 next ebb we bail$ h] out1 & ) a  little
 eng9e]+ & a lot ( labor got h] right$  
up4    ,we took two big joi/s & la%$ !m 
across ! boat1 b s poorly  fitt$ 0 %e ) 
cleats & o!r ?+s to make fa/ to t we _h 
to bore holes 9 ! deck to pass ! la%+ & 
secure !m to !  frame4 ,! ends ( ! joi/s
 /uck out ab\t fifte5 feet on ! high    
side4 ,"u ^! ends we laid ano!r timb]1  
p>allel to ! boat's  l5g?1 9 ! mud &    
balla/$ x ) /ones & iron4 ,to ?is  timb]
 we la%$ two tackles1 "o f ea* joi/4 ,!n
 z ! tide  made we hove sl[ly d[n on !m1
 & %e right$ up4    ,if ! bottom _h be5 
h>d we c\ld h p>buckl$ h]1 b x 0        
impossible to d x 9 ! deep1 s(t mud4    
,?is boat _h a high &  heavy boil]1 :i* 
made ! "w h>d]1 z x lev]$ h] d[n4    ,if
 y c float ano!r boat alongside ( a     
laun* 9 ?is fix y c  lift h] by         

p>buckl+1 or y c d x f a dock if ! wall 
is  high & ne> en\gh4 ,to d ?is1 take a 
/\t l9e1 made fa/1 f  ! ne> side ov] !  
deck & "r "u ! keel2 !n lay y\r  float+ 
boat alongside z close z possible1 & b5d
 ?is l9e to !  latt]'s ?roat haly>ds4   
,heave taut on x & belay4    ,if        
possible get two l9es1 "o =w>d & "o aft1
 hav+ sep>ate  tackles4 ,z ! tide makes 
keep heav+ 9 ! slack1 lett+ y\r  float+ 
boat draw 9 sideways to ! laun*4 ,?is   
/ra9 w aid !  wat] 9 lift+1 z ! laun* w 
h to rise ) ! float+  boat4 ,if ! laun* 
is v heavy or ( scant beam1 l ! /eam    
craft ,i m5tion$1 y _h bett] use joi/s  
or sp>s to help !  lev]age4    ,i once  
took a laun* (f a rock by ?is same plan1
 :5 h\rs (  heav+ on haws]s _h fail$ to 
move h]4 ,ano!r plan is to lift a  boat 
by la%+ empty b>rels to ! side by pass+ 
sl+s "u !  keel4 ,if ! boat is neap$ s t
 suffici5t tide _c be got to  lift h]1 y
 c fill & s9k ! b>rels1 bunghole up2 !n 
%ort5  up ! sl+s & pump ! b>rels out ) a
 h&-pump4 ,?is b>rel  trick is only     

p]=m$ :5 a boat is bilg$ & full ( wat]4 
,let me say "h t all small p[] boats t  
cruise 9 /range  wat]s :]e ! bottom is  
h>d %\ld c>ry ei!r a screw or  hydraulic
 jack1 & a good /\t piece ( squ>e timb]4
 ,if y get  agr\nd 9 places :]e !re is  
little or no rise ( ! tide y h  some?+  
to />t 9 ! wreck+ bus9ess )4 ,a jack &  
timb] are  also useful if any?+ happ5s  
to ! :eel & y want to get !  /]n rais$4 
,to %[ ! dang] ( =c+ a boat (f a rock   
let me cite "o  in/ance3 ,a #ej-;foot   
sloop ( ! old flat-floor$ c5t]bo>d model
  /ruck on a /one :5 go+ free ) a       
mod]ate w9d4 ,! sail+  ma/] kept 8 sails
 up1 & ) ?is pressure & a w>p dragg$ h] 
ov] & (f ! rock b[ fir/4 ,%e _h no soon]
 gone cle> ?an %e  fill$ & sank4    ,:5 
float$ & dock$ x 0 f\nd t %e _h a hole 9
 h] bilge  big en\gh = a dog to crawl   
?r\gh4 ,! fir/ bl[ _h />t$ a  butt2 ?is 
caught1 & 9 dragg+ ov] ! plank 0 b5t    
back &  ripp$ away f ! frames4 ,_h he   
tak5 9 sail1 & pull$ h] (f  /]n fir/1 %e
 w\ld h float$ long en\gh to h got into 

h>bor4    ,hav+ consid]$ accid5tal /r&+1
 let u n[ consid] volunt>y  /r&+--t is1 
! runn+ ( a vessel a%ore to save !      
vessel  or ! life ( h] crew4 ,let u     
suppose t y are caught on a lee  %ore1 &
 = "s reason _c claw (f4 ,y are b\nd to 
g a%ore  anyh[1 & 9 ord] to give ! boat 
& p a *ance decide to run  9 & /r& h]4  
,if ! %ore "u y\r lee is rock ,i c d    
no?+ = y4 ,y\r only  *ance is to pick   
out an op5+ or cleft & drive h] 91 & !  
m9ute %e /rikes jump = h>d l&4 ,su*     
places are usually to be  f\nd on !     
rocky %ores ( our coa/1 b if ! l& is    
/eep-to &  %e]-fac$1 !re is little hope 
= ! boat or h] p4    ,!re are two k9ds (
 s&y %ores on :i* y may h to /r&  y\r   
vessel--! gradual slope & ! /eep slope4 
,! =m] is by  f> ! m dang]\s1 z ! brok5 
wat] ext5ds "s di/ance f  ! bea*4    ,9 
runn+ 9 break+ wat]--9 fact1 9 runn+ 9  
all heavy  seas--! rule = safety is ?is3
 ,let ! wave-cre/ pass y1 n  c>ry y4 ,if
 y c hold ! boat back1 s t ! wave-cre/ w
  split at h] /]n & ru% by on ea* side1 

! boat w travel 9  safety4 ,?is is :y x 
is dang]\s 9 heavy wat] to c>ry sail :5 
runn+4 ,_m m5 d x = fe> ( poop+1 b !re  
is f> less  dang] ( poop+ ?an !re is    
tripp+ or be+ br\ght by-!-lee4          
,=e-&-aft canvas1 p>ticul>ly sails lac$ 
to booms1 are bad  ?+s to run "u2 any?+ 
9 ! %ape ( a squ>e sail is mu*  bett]4  
,hundr$s ( vessels h be5 lo/ by runn+ "u
 a press (  sail--probably t5 times z _m
 z h be5 de/roy$ by poop+4    ,n[ if y  
are oblig$ to /r& on a flat bea*1 keep  
y\r vessel's  /]n to ! swell & mov+ z   
sl[ly z possible4 ,! be/ ?+ to  d is to 
t[ a haws] a/]n1 or a small sail4 ,?is w
 *eck h] way1  & also prev5t ! sea sw++ 
h] /]n r\nd4 ,wat* h] closely  z ! sea  
/rikes "u ! /]n1 & *eck ! desire to     
broa*  ) ! helm4 ,%e c also be aid$ by  
hav+ h&s on a small jib or  /aysail     
%eet1 & back+ ?is sail ei!r on "o side  
or ! o!r1  z ! ?reat5$ %e] requires4    
,get y\r weights out ( ! b[ &  keep h]  
trimm$ a bit by ! /]n4 ,! idea is to h  
h] /rike  bottom on h] :ole keel-l5g?1 &

 n on ! =efoot4    ,"h is :]e ! luck    
comes 94 ,if %e /rikes ) h] heel fir/ & 
h] head rais$ on a sea1 y w probably l& 
well up on ! bea*1  b if %e /rikes ) h] 
=efoot fir/ & h] /]n up 9 ! air  y w    
l&--well1 only good =tune c save y4     
,i h se5 fi%+ boats bea*$ 9 ?is way 9   
heavy surf1 ! crews  dropp+ an an*or &  
*eck+ ! craft until ! "r mom5t1 &  !n   
slack+ away sm>tly4 ,9 ?is way !y rode !
 boat 9 on !  back ( successive seas4 ,)
 %>p-/]n craft ?is c be done )  safety1 
b ,i w\ld n c>e to try x ) a squ>e /]n  
or long  aft]-ov]hang craft4    ,i w\ld 
advise ! "y seaman to take a small skiff
 or d+ey to a  bea* :]e !re is a small  
sea break+ & practice mak+-(f &  l&+    
?r\gh ! surf4 ,he _h bett] dress 9 a    
ba?+ suit1 &  try ! game :5 ! wat] is   
w>m4 ,9 a day or two ( ?is "w y  w le>n 
m ?an ,i c\ld tea* y 9 sev5ty volumes4  
,if ! bea* is /eep-to1 ! sea break+ b a 
few rods f !  /r&1 y c /& 9 "u good way1
 keep+ h] end-on until close  to4 ,!    
in/ant y feel t %e is go+ to /rike put  

y\r helm ov]  & br+ h] almo/ broadside  
to ! sea4 ,! wave ris+ "u h]  wea!r     
bilge w ?r[ h] sideways on ! bea*1 & ea*
 succe$+  sea w drive h] high] up4    ,9
 runn+ at any "t 9 heavy wat] use oil1  
lett+ x drip f  ei!r b[4 ,) a good ?ick 
slick 9 y\r wake y w be less  likely to 
be wa%$ by ! cre/s4    ,b bett] ?an all 
^! directions is ! advice to keep (f    
rocks1  %oals & %ores4 ,don't g into    
places unkn[n to y unless y h  a good   
*>t or y\r lead go+2 especially keep    
away f dang]\s  places :5 ! w9d is      
brisk1 ! sea heavy or ! tide /rong4 ,an 
ounce ( precaution 9 ?is matt] is wor?  
tons ( cure4    ,n9e out ( t5 /r&+s or  
/rik+s are ! result ( c>elessness  or   
recklessness4 ,! only ?+ a man is       
ju/ifi$ 9 hitt+ is a  wreck or a lone   
rock2 ^! ?+s ! lead w n ann\nce1 & !y   
are frequ5tly un*>t$4 ,old famili>      
didn't "k x 0 !re1  %\ld m prop]ly be   
didn't "k ,i 0 !re4 ,rocks don't move1  
b y w\ld ?9k !y did to he> _m ya*t]s    
expla9+ h[ x  happ5$4 ,i h hit a good _m

 rocks 9 my day1 b don't believe ,i     
c\ld prove an alibi except 9 "o case1 :5
 ! boat ran on a /one  t nobody _h ev]  
he>d ( be=e4 ,we exam9$ ! /rang] &  f\nd
 x 0 a rock sure en\gh1 b :]e x came f  
or h[ x got  !re no man knew1 b all h&s 
/ood ready to swe> t !y _h  sail$ ov] ! 
exact spot _m times & nev] t\*$ any?+4  
,i don't d\bt b :at !re are ?\s&s (     
un*>t$ rocks ov]  :i* & alongside ( :i* 
vessels con/antly pass b d n happ5  to  
/rike4 ,l ! celebrat$ ,da$alus ,rock1 !y
 may lurk = ye>s  9 ! c\rse ( comm]ce1  
until ! un=tunate boat comes sail+      
along t is de/9$ to w9 immortality by   
/rik+ & unmask+  ! dang]4 ,b x is n wor?
 :ile to worry ov] ^! vigias :ile  !re  
are pl5ty ( well-kn[n dang]s to keep !  
navigator busy4 ,s  proce$ fe>lessly b  
cauti\sly1 tru/+ 9 y\r lead & *>t1 &    
hug & play ) wea!r %ores z mu* z y      
please1 b give !  lee ones a wide b]?4  
,be=e ent]+ an inlet1 creek or riv] m\?1
 if y are n famili>  ) x1 lay-(f or     
an*or outside4 ,s5d 9 ! d+ey ) a lead or

  pole1 & s\nd = ! deepe/ place on ! b>2
 :5 ?is is f\nd1  let ! d+ey lie !re or 
on a l9e inside ( x to guide y 94 ,y    
may lose a few m9utes by s do+1 b by !  
delay may save y\rself  h\rs ( h>d labor
 & anxiety4    ,nev] try to run inlets  
:5 a heavy swell is on2 ! op5 sea is f> 
m m]ciful ?an a b> at su* times4 ,x is  
especially dang]\s to  attempt su*      
places 9 small p[] boats4          ,9 a 
second book n[ 9 prep>ation ,i %all talk
 to y ^u sails1  balla/1 sea-an*ors1    
cruis+1 r\gh wat]1 wea!r & o!r subjects 
( int]e/ to ! "y m>9]4 ,i w be pleas$ to
 h my read]s  sugge/ !mes ! exposition (
 :i* w\ld int]e/ !m1 & if ,i am         
compet5t to discuss ! subject ,i w be   
only too glad to d s4          ,te*nical
 & ,practical      ,te*nical books are  
tools4 ,no man c excel 9 a trade unless 
he has  good tools2 nei!r c a man expect
 to excel 9 a sport unless he has  at   
h&1 ready = ref]5ce1 a good collection (
 books relat+ to  its !ory & practice4  
,we h 9 ?is li/1 ga!r$ = ! fir/ "t1 all 

!       obta9able books on ! subject (  
ya*t+ & its k9dr$ sports4         ,!    
ya*tsman w f9d "h ^? books :i* are      
invaluable z       guides to a high] k (
 ya*t+1 & :i* no ya*tsman's       libr>y
 is complete )\t4         ,any book n "h
 li/$1 if 9 pr9t1 we w obta91 no matt]  
9 :at language or l& x is pr9t$4        
,s5d po/al = complete catalogue4        
,,! ,,rudd] ,,pub4 ,,co4                
#i ,murray ,/4   ,new ,york1 ,u4,s4,a4  
,books = ! ,ya*tsman's ,libr>y          
,,te*nical ,,& ,,practical4             
,amateur ,sail+4 ,by ,biddle            
#a4ej    ,amateur ,sailor4 ,by ,alex4   
,i4 ,mc,loed                            
4#ej    ,boat ,sail]'s ,manual4 ,by ,e4 
,f4 ,qualtr\gh                          
#a4ej    ,canoe ,h&l+4 ,by ,c4 ,b4 ,vaux
                                        
#a4jj    ,cor9?ian ,ya*tsman            
#a4ej    ,canvas ,canoes--,h[ to ,build 
,!m4 ,by ,field                         
4#ej    ,canoe ,cruis+ & ,camp+4 ,by ,p4
 ,d4 ,fraz]                       #a4jj 

,canoe & ,cam]a4 ,by ,/eele             
#a4jj    ,canoe & ,boat ,build+ =       
,amateurs4 ,by ,/eph5s                  
#b4jj    ,canoe & ,camp ,cook]y4 ,by    
,s5eca                                  
#a4jj    ,electrical ,boats &           
,navigation4 ,illu/rat$                 
#b4ej    ,elem5ts ( ,navigation4 ,by    
,h5d]son                                
#a4jj    ,=e & ,aft ,seaman%ip          
4#ej    ,h&book ( ,naval ,gunn]y4 ,by   
,rad=d                             #a4ej
    ,h[ to ,swim4 ,by ,capt4 ,dalton    
#a4jj    ,h[ to ,build a ,rac] = #ej    
#a4jj    ,h[ to ,build a ,skip ,jack    
#a4jj    ,illu/rat$ ,coa/ ,pilot4 ,by   
,n4 ,l4 ,/ebb9s            #a2 by mail  
#a4be    ,ropes1 _! ,knots & ,splices   
4#ej    ,log ( ,ya*ts                   
4#ej    ,model ,eng9es & ,small ,boats4 
,by ,hopk9s                             
#a4be    ,model ,ya*ts4 ,by ,grosv5or   
#b4jj    ,manual ( ! ,canvas ,canoe4 ,by
 ,webb                                  
#a4be    ,m>9e ,eng9e]s--,h[ to ,become 

,"o4 ,by ,e4 ,g4 ,con/ant9e             
#b4ej    ,navigation = ,ya*tsm54 ,by ,v4
 ,j4 ,engli%1 ,r4,n4                    
#g4ej    ,practical ,boat ,build+4 ,by  
,nelson                                 
#a4jj    ,practical ,boat ,build+ &     
,sail+4 ,by ,nelson1 ,kemp & ,davies    
#c4jj    ,practical ,boat ,sail+4 ,by   
,davies                                 
#b4jj    ,supplem5ts to ,small ,ya*ts4  
,by ,/eph5s                             
#d4jj    ,sails & ,sailmak+             
#a4be    ,/eam ,ya*ts & ,laun*es4 ,by   
,kunh>dt                                
#c4jj    ,sail+ ,alone ,ar\nd ! ,_w4 ,by
 ,capt4 ,jo%ua ,slocum            #b4jj 
,small ,ya*ts--,_! ,design &            
,con/ruction4 ,by ,c4 ,r4 ,kunh>dt      
#aj4jj    ,torp$oes & ,torp$o ,vessels4 
,by ,arm/rong                           
#a4be    ,! ,pilot4 ,h[ to d ! "w1 a    
,text ,book = ,navigators         #a4jj 
,! ,rudd]--,volumes #e1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj 
ea* #c4ej    ,ya*t ,etiquette4 ,by      
,patt]son                               

#a4jj    ,ya*t+ ,wr9kles4 ,by ,a4 ,j4   
,k5ealy                                 
#a4jj    ,ya*t ,design+4 ,by ,biddle    
#a4jj    ,ya*t & ,boat ,sail+4 ,by      
,dixon ,kemp                            
#aj4jj    ,ya*t ,ar*itecture1 ,design+ &
 ,build+4 ,by ,dixon ,kemp        #af4hj
    ,any ( ! above s5t po/paid 9 ,unit$ 
,/ates or ,canada on receipt  ( price   
,,! ,,rudd] ,,pub4 ,,co4      #i ,murray
 ,/41 ,new ,york1 ,u4,s4,a4          ,h[
 to ,build a ,motor ,laun*              
,by ,c4 ,d4 ,m[]                        
,design+ ,editor ( ,,! ,,rudd]      ,a  
simple & practical "w 9 e detail1 %[+ h[
 to con/ruct a  laun* hull suitable =   
use ) any description ( motor4          
,ea* /ep ( ! "w is cle>ly & ?or\ghly    
expla9$1 bo? by       text & draw+s1 s t
 a man :o has nev] ev5 se5 a boat       
built w h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ !     
process4         ,! au?or1 a self-taught
 boat build]1 ?or\ghly compreh5ds       
:at a novice does n "k1 & is1 !re=e1    
able to po9t out       ! h>d places1 &  

to %[ ! amateur build] h[ to get ov]    
or ar\nd !m4         ,9 ! aft] "p ( !   
book are giv5 ! designs ( sev]al        
laun*es1 f #ah to #ej feet 9 l5g?4      
,! :ole is heavily illu/rat$1 & is ! mo/
 complete       treatise on laun* build+
 yet publi%$4                           
,,! ,,rudd] ,,pub4 ,,co4                
#i ,murray ,/4    ,new ,york1 ,u4,s4,a4 
,b\nd 9 clo?1 price #a       ,same size 
& /yle z ,h[ to ,build a ,skipjack & ,h[
 to ,build       a ,rac] = #ej          
,on ,m>9e ,motors  ,motor ,laun*es      
,a h&y book = ya*tsm5                   
,by ,e4 ,w4 ,rob]ts1 ,m4 ,e4      ,a    
repr9t 9 a h&y =m ( ,mr4 ,rob]t's       
in/ructive & int]e/+  ,,rudd] articles4 
,9 x ! au?or expla9s :at a gasol9e motor
 is1  & po9ts out 9 und]/&able language 
! diff]5ce betwe5 !  types1 & %[s :at is
 a good motor & :at is a bad "o4        
,he gives valuable in=mation to ! buy]1 
& also expla9s       h[ to run a motor1 
h[ to prev5t breakd[ns1 & h[ to rem$y   
defects4         ,to ! novice1 ! *apt]  

on gasol9e is alone wor? ! price       (
 ! book1 z x expla9s ! prop]ties ( t    
fluid1 & !       prop] mann] 9 :i* to   
h&le x s z to prev5t accid5ts4          
,no motor man %\ld be )\t a copy ( ?is  
book2 x w save       him "t1 tr\ble &   
exp5se4                                 
,,! ,,rudd] ,,pub4 ,,co4                
#i ,murray ,/4    ,new ,york1 ,u4,s4,a4 
,b\nd 9 clo?1 price #a                  
,illu/ration    ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a    
,,skipjack      ,complete plans &       
directions = build+ a #ai-;ft4 sloop1 ! 
mat]ial  = :i* w co/ less ?an #ajj2 &   
pictures ( num]\s boats t  h be5 built 9
 all p>ts ( ! _w f ^! plans4 ,b\nd 9    
blue clo? & gold1 uni=m ) ,h[ to ,build 
a ,rac] = #ej4            ,,price ,,"o  
,,doll> ,,po/paid      ,,! ,,rudd]      
,,publi%+ ,,company        #i ,murray   
,/reet1 ,new ,york          ,,h[ ,,to   
,,build ,a ,,rac] ,,= #ej               
,illu/ration      ,simple/1 safe/ &     
fa/e/ boat t c be built4 ,! work+ plans 
are su* t a boy c build f !m4 ,! plans 7

 publi%$ 9  #ahih1 & s9ce !n "s #ejj    
boats h be5 built f !m4 ,! book  has    
num]\s illu/rations ( boats 9 & aft]    
con/ruction1 & also  gives exp]i5ce (   
build]s 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,blue clo? & 
gold1 uni=m ) ,h[ to ,build a ,skipjack4
                                        
,,price1 ,,po/paid1 #a4jj4           ,,!
 ,,rudd] ,,publi%+ ,,company1 #i ,murray
 ,/reet1 ,new ,york4          ,! ,rudd] 
,! policy ( ,,! ,,rudd] is to give to   
ya*tsm5 a ?or\ghly practical  p]iodical1
 deal+ ) ! sport ( ya*t+ 9 all its      
phases1  & especially to furni% !m ) !  
designs & plans ( vessels  adapt$ to _! 
wants 9 all localities4         ,9 ea*  
issue is a design ( a sail+ or p[]      
craft1 & at       lea/ f\r times a ye> a
 complete set ( work+ draw+s is         
giv51 s t ! unskill$ c try a h& at      
build+ ) a       c]ta9ty ( mak+ a       
success ( ! attempt4         ,9 ! la/   
two ye>s ov] #ejj boats h be5 built f   
designs       pr9t$ 9 ! magaz9e1 & 9    
almo/ e case h giv5       satisfaction4 

,outside ( ! /rictly practical1 !       
magaz9e has always a c>go       (       
readable ?+s 9 ! way ( cruises & tales1 
:ile its       illu/rations are not$ =  
_! novelty & beauty4         ,! editor  
desires to increase ! size ( ! magaz9e &
 to add       to its features4 ,9 ord]  
to d ?is x is necess>y t x be       giv5
 ! he>ty support ( all :o are int]e/$ 9 
! sport4       ,! co/ ( a subscription1 
#b a ye> roll$ or #b4ej mail$ flat1     
is z l[ z x is possible to make x &     
furni% a fir/-class       publication1 &
 he asks ya*tsm5 to subscribe1 z 9 t way
       !y c mat]ially assi/ him 9 keep+ 
! magaz9e up to its       pres5t /&>d ( 
excell5ce4                              
,,! ,,rudd] ,,pub4 ,,co4                
#i ,murray ,/4    ,new ,york1 ,u4,s4,a4 
,vol4 ,,xi1 ,! ,rudd]                   
,,= ,,! ,,ye> #aijj                     
,illu/ration                            
,,to ,,be ,,_h ,,f                      
,,! ,,rudd] ,,publi%+ ,,company         
#i ,murray ,/41 ,new ,york      #adc    

,/r&1 ,london1 ,w4 ,c4                  
,,or ,,at    ,damrell  ,upham1 #bhc     
,wa%+ton ,/41 ,bo/on1 ,mass42 ,koell+   
,klapp5ba*1 #ajj ,r&olph ,/41 ,*icago1  
,ill42 ,l[man  ,han=d  ,/ation]y &      
,pr9t+ ,co41 #faf ,front ,/41 ,seattle1 
,wa%42 ,wm4 ,fo/]  ,br[n1 #bcbc ,/4     
,ca!r9e ,/41 ,montreal1 ,canada2 ,levant
  ,*evali]1 #ej  ,quai ,/4 ,jean        
,bapti/e1 ,nice1 ,france2 ,swa9  ,co41  
,munroe ,/41 ,sydney1  ,au/ralia2 & all 
booksell]s ?r\gh\t ! _w4    ,x conta9s  
#dfj pages1 #bd full-page supplem5ts1   
#ejj o!r  illu/rations1 ov] #ajj designs
 & plans4 ,b\nd 9 blue clo?2 gold  top &
 lett]+4    ,price1 po/paid1 #c4ej2 #ae 
,%ill+s2 #bj ,francs           99       
99       99       99       99           
,transcrib]'s ,note3  ,obvi\s           
typographical & punctuation errors 7    
repair$4