,,camp-,,lore ,,& ,,woodcraft ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,camp-,,lore ,,& ,,woodcraft ,,by ,,dan ,,be>d ,,f\nd] ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,boy ,,sc\ts ,,society ,,) #cgg ,,illu/rations ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,illu/ration ,,g>d5 ,,city ,,publi%+ ,,co41 ,,inc4 ,,g>d5 ,,city ,,new ,,york ,,copyright1 #aibj1 ,,by ,,beatrice ,,alice ,,be>d ,,! ,,rights ,,( ,,translation ,,are ,,res]v$ ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,to ,,george ,,du ,,pont ,,pratt ,,commission] ,,( ,,cons]vation1 ,,/ate ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,sc\t1 ,,sportsman ,,& ,,outdoor ,,man ,,=eword ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition ,,boys1 if ?is =eword is too highbr[ = y\r ta/e1 skip x1 b ! au?or don't believe y w1 & ev5 if he has us$ "s diction>y words he feels t y w =give him aft] he tells y t he did s only because ( ! lack ( "t to ?9k up m simple t]ms4 ,:at he wants to say is t4444 ,boyhood is a wond]ful & invaluable asset to ! nation1 = 9 ! brea/ ( e boy !re is a div9e sp>k1 mat]iali/s call x ! urge ( y\?1 o!rs call x ! ,*ri/ 9 man1 ! ,quak]s call x ! inn] light1 b all view x ) int]e/ & anxiety1 ! ignorant ) fe> & ! wise ) und]/&+ sympa?y1 b also ) a feel+ ak9 to awe4 ,^? ( u :o ?9k we "k boys1 feel t ?is inn] light illum9at+ _! wond]ful p[]s ( imag9ation1 is ! compell+ =ce culm9at+ 9 ! vigor\s accompli%m5ts ( manhood4 ,x is ! =ce :i* s5t ,columbus voyag+ ov] ! unkn[n seas1 :i* s5t ,capta9 ,cook on 8 voyage ar\nd ! _w1 ! same =ce :i* c>ri$ ,l9db]gh 9 8 frail air%ip across ! ,atlantic4 ,yes1 x is ! sublime =ce :i* has inspir$ physicians & laym5 to *e]fully risk & sacrifice _! lives 9 se>* ( ! cause ( ,yell[ ,fev]1 ,an?rax1 ,hydrophobia & o!r communicable diseases 444 no1 n = sci5ce b = ,,humanity6 ,z a boy1 ! au?or dream$ ( wond]ful municipal playgr\nds1 ( organizations giv+ ! boys opportunity to camp 9 ! op51 ( zoological & botanical g>d5s plann$ & adapt$ to ! und]/&+ ( y\?4 ,8 busy life z a civil eng9e]1 surveyor1 & "w 9 ! op5 gave him no opportunity to develop 8 dreams1 b at ! end ( a five ye> t\r ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 made ov] fifty ye>s ago1 he drift$ into ,new ,york ,city & 0 %ock$ beyond expression by ! almo/ total lack ( brea?+ spaces = our boys1 9 ! greate/ ( ,am]ican cities4 ,true1 x !n _h ,c5tral ,p>k2 b fifty ye>s ago ,c5tral ,p>k 0 out among ! goats1 only to be rea*$ by a long & tiresome horse c> j\rney4 ,?is lam5table /ate ( affairs caus$ ! writ] s mu* real pa9 & conc]n t he !n & !re inaugurat$ a p]sonal crusade = ! b5efit ( ! boys1 a crusade ) ! av[$ object ( w9n+ = !m ! peoples' int]e/ 9 ! big outdoors4 ,! mo/ difficult "p ( 8 task 0 to conv9ce ! m5 ( ! swivel *airs t boys' leisure %\ld be sp5t 9 ! op52 t ! blue sky is ! only prop] ro( = a normal boy's playgr\nd2 also t ! op5 spaces are ! places :]e ,god int5d$ "y p to live1 "w & play4 ,no great crusade1 no great movem5t ( any k9d is "o man's "w1 nev]!less1 e successful movem5t mu/ h "o en?usia/ 9 ! front rank1 "o :o kn[s ! trail & compreh5sively envisions ! objective--objectum quod complexum4 ,o!rs may & w jo9 him1 & occasionally spurt ahead ( ! lead]1 l ! h>e 9 ! fable1 b ! en?usia/ keeps "r on j ! same4 ,pray d n und]/& by ?is t ! writ] claims t he alone is responsible = ?is bloodless revolution4 ,no1 no1 8 propag&a "w did h[ev] w9 = him ! moral support ( ! editorial /aff ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ,y\?'s ,companion & ,h>p]s4 ,lat] he 0 op5ly back$ & enc\rag$ by su* di/+ui%$ sportsm5 z ,presid5t ,roosevelt1 8 *ief =e/] ,gov]nor ,p9*ot1 & 8 ,*ief ( ,/aff ,major ,g5]al ,bell4 ,:ile ! /alw>t m5 ( ! ,camp ,fire ,club ( ,am]ica work$ h& & glove ) him1 all simil> organizations fail$ n 9 voic+ _! approval4 ,fur!rmore he 0 always help$ by 8 loyal fri5ds ( ! daily press4 ,_m fam\s writ]s l5t _! influ5ce1 all work+ consci\sly or unconsci\sly to help ! great cause ( boyhood4 ,! au?or only claims t1 9 all ^! fifty long ye>s1 he has nev] ceas$ to "w = ! boys1 nev] wav]$ 9 8 purpose1 & n[8--well1 :5 he m>*$ at ! head ( fifty ?\s& ,sc\ts 9 ! great muddy outdoor ,sc\t camp at ,birk5head1 ,engl&1 he realiz$ t 8 ephem]al air ca/les _h settl$ d[n to a firm f\ndation ^u ,"m ,e>?4 ,yes1 boys we h won a great victory = boyhood6 ,we h won x by it]ation & reit]ation1 9 o!r words1 by %\t+ outdoors1 talk+ outdoors1 pictur+ outdoors1 s++ outdoors & above all by writ+ ab\t ! outdoors1 & con/antly hamm]+ on "o subject & keep+ "o purpose always 9 view4 ,by su* means we h at la/1 n only int]e/$ ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! op51 b /amp$$ ! :ole _w to ! =e/s & ! fields4 ,s let u all jo9 9 s++ ! old ,me?odi/ hymn3-- ,%\t1 %\t1 we are ga9+ gr\nd1 ,glory1 ,hallelujah6 ,! ,devil's k+dom we'll put d[n1 ,glory1 ,hallelujah6 ,! ,devil's k+dom 9 ?is case is ! ill-v5tilat$ s*ool rooms1 (fices & c\rts4 ,x is well to note t ! "w 9 ?is book 0 n done 9 ! libr>y1 b ei!r 9 ! op5 itself or f notes & sket*es made 9 ! op54 ,:5 tell+ h[ to build a cook+ fire1 = in/ance1 ! au?or pref]r$ to make 8 diagrams f ! fires built by himself or by 8 wild]ness fri5ds1 ?an to tru/ to in=mation d]iv$ f "s o!r man's books4 ,x is mu* easi] to make pictures ( impractical fires ?an to build !m4 ,! pa/e pot & scissors occupy no place ( honor 9 our woodcraft s]ies4 ,s1 ,boys ( ! ,op51 ?r[ aside y\r new rackets1 y\r croquet mallets1 & y\r boil$ %irts--pull on y\r bucksk9 legg+s1 give a w> :oop & be :at ,god int5d$ y %\ld be2 heal?y :olesome boys4 ,?is great ,republic belongs to y & s does ?is ,,book ,,( ,,camp-,,lore ,,& ,,woodcraft4 ,,dan ,,be>d ,suff]n1 ,new ,york1 ,decemb] fir/1 #aicj4 ,,=eword ,,hidd5 9 a draw] 9 ! antique highboy1 back ( ! moose head 9 my /udio1 !re are specim5s ( ,indian bead "w1 bits ( bucksk91 necklaces made ( ! tee? ( animals1 a /one calumet1 my old hunt+ knife ) its ra:ide %ea? &--c>efully fold$ 9 oil$ pap]--is ! j]k$ t5d]lo9 ( a grizzly be>6 ,b t is n all2 = m important /ill is a my/]i\s wood5 flask conta9+ ! ca/or or ! sc5tgl& ( a beav]1 :i* is c>efully roll$ up 9 a bit ( bucksk9 embroid]$ ) my/ic ,indian signs4 ,! flask 0 giv5 to me z big m$ic9e by ,b[-arr[1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,mont9ais ,indians4 ,b[-arr[ said--& ,i believe him--t :5 "o inhales ! odor ( ! ca/or f ?is m$ic9e flask "o's s\l & body are !n & =ev] aft]w>ds p]meat$ ) a great & abid+ love ( ! big outdoors4 ,also1 :5 "o eats ( ! my/ic grizzly be>'s fle%1 "o's body acquires ! /r5g? & c\rage ( ?is great animal4 ,dur+ ! initiation ( ! memb]s ( a ,sp>tan b& ( my boys1 kn[n z ! ,bucksk9 ,m51 ea* c&idate is giv5 a ?9 slice ( ! grizzly be> meat & a :iff ( ! beav] ca/or4 ,( c\rse1 we "k t p ) unromantic & unimag9ative m9ds w call ?is s5tim5talism4 ,we p ( ! outdoor tribes plead guilty to be+ s5tim5tali/s2 b we "k f exp]i5ce t old ,b[-arr[ 0 "r1 because we h ourselves eat5 ( ! grizzly be> & smell$ ! ca/or ( ! beav]6 ,:ile ! writ] _c give ea* ( 8 read]s a ta/e ( ?is covet$ be> meat 9 mat]ial =m1 or a :iff ( ! beav] m$ic9e1 direct f ! wood5 flask made by ! late ,b[-arr['s own h&s1 /ill ! au?or hopes t ! magical qualities ( ?is great m$ic9e w ent] into & =m a "p ( ! subject matt] ( ?is book1 & ?r\gh t m$ium inoculate ! s\ls & bodies ( 8 read]s1 purify !m & rejuv5ate !m ) a love ( ! ,,_w ,,z ,,god ,,made ,,x4 ,,dan ,,be>d ,june1 #aibj ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,fire ,,mak+ ,,by ,,friction #a ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,fire-,,bo>d1 ,,b[1 ,,drill ,,& ,,?imble4 ,,indian ,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,s\rce ,,( ,,fire4 ,,record ,,fire-,,mak]s4 ,,rubb+-,,/ick ,,outfit4 ,,eskimo ,,?imble4 ,,b[1 ,,b[-,,/r+1 ,,?imble1 ,,fire-,,bo>d1 ,,fire-,,pan4 ,,t9d]1 ,,*>r$ ,,rags1 ,,puff ,,balls4 ,,fire-,,mak]s ,,( ,,! ,,balkan4 ,,fire ,,)\t ,a ,,b[1 ,,co-,,li-,,li1 ,,! ,,fire ,,saw4 ,,fire ,,pump+ ,,( ,,! ,,iroquois4 ,,pyropneumatic ,,app>atus ,,ii4 ,,fire ,,mak+ ,,by ,,p]cussion #ba ,,! ,,:ite ,,man',s ,,me?od1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,fl9t ,,& ,,/eel4 ,,:]e ,,to ,,obta9 ,,! ,,fl9t ,,& ,,/eel4 ,,*ucknucks1 ,,punk ,,boxes1 ,,spunks ,,& ,,mat*es4 ,,real ,,lucif] ,,mat*es4 ,,sl[ ,,mat*4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cat* ,,! ,,sp>k4 ,,sub/itutes ,,= ,,fl9t ,,& ,,/eel ,,iii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,fire #cc ,,h[ ,,to ,,lay ,,& ,,light ,a ,,fire4 ,,an ,,exp]i5ce ,,) ,,t5d]feet4 ,,mod]n ,,fe> ,,( ,,do+ ,,manual ,,labor4 ,,mat*es4 ,,fire-,,mak]s ,,& ,,babylonians4 ,,! ,,palpitat+ ,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,camp4 ,,gummy ,,fagots ,,( ,,! ,,p9e4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,fire ,,9 ,,wet ,,wea!r4 ,,backwoodsm5',s ,,fire4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,( ,,small ,,k9dl+ ,,wood4 ,,good ,,firewood4 ,,advantage ,,( ,,split ,,wood4 ,,fire-,,dogs4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,op5 ,a ,,knife4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,:ittle1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,split ,a ,,/ick ,,) ,a ,,knife4 ,,bonfires ,,& ,,c\ncil ,,fires4 ,,camp ,,meet+ ,,tor* ,,fires4 ,,explod+ ,,/ones4 ,,"* ,,9 ,,fire4 ,,sl[ ,,fires1 ,,signal ,,fires ,,& ,,smudges ,,iv4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,lay ,a ,,good ,,cook+ ,,fire #ec ,a ,,p]sonal ,,exp]i5ce ,,on ,,%ort ,,rations4 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,primitive ,,( ,,cook+ ,,outfits4 ,,camp ,,pot-,,hooks1 ,,! ,,gall[-,,crook1 ,,! ,,pot-,,claw1 ,,! ,,hake1 ,,! ,,gib1 ,,! ,,speygelia ,,& ,,! ,,sa/]4 ,,telegraph ,,wire ,,cook+ ,,implem5ts1 ,,wire ,,grid-,,iron1 ,,skeleton ,,camp ,,/ove4 ,,cook+ ,,fires1 ,,fire-,,dogs1 ,,roa/+ ,,fire-,,lay4 ,,campfire ,,lay1 ,,belmore ,,lay1 ,,fry+ ,,fire ,,lay1 ,,bak+ ,,fire ,,lay4 ,,! ,,aures ,,crane ,v4 ,,camp ,,kit*5s #gi ,,camp ,,pit-,,fires1 ,,bean ,,holes4 ,,c[boy ,,fire-,,hole4 ,,*9ook ,,cook+ ,,fire-,,hole4 ,,b>becue-,,pits4 ,,! ,,gold ,,digg]',s ,,ov54 ,,! ,,f]guson ,,camp ,,/ove4 ,,! ,,adobe ,,ov54 ,,! ,,alt> ,,campfire ,,place4 ,,camp ,,kit*5 ,,= ,,hik]s1 ,,sc\ts1 ,,explor]s1 ,,surveyors ,,& ,,hunt]s4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cook ,,meat1 ,,fi% ,,& ,,bread ,,)\t ,,pots1 ,,pans ,,or ,,/oves4 ,,dress+ ,,small ,,animals4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,b>becue ,,l>ge ,,animals ,,vi4 ,,camp ,,food #aja ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,a% ,,cake1 ,,pone1 ,,corn ,,dodg]s1 ,,flapjacks1 ,,johnny-,,cake1 ,,biscuits ,,& ,,d\ghgod4 ,,mak+ ,,dut* ,,ov5s4 ,,v5ison4 ,,banquets ,,9 ,,! ,,op54 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cook ,,beav] ,,tail1 ,,porcup9es ,,& ,,muskrats4 ,,camp ,,/ews1 ,,brunswick ,,/ews ,,& ,,burgoos ,,vii4 ,,pack+ ,,horses #bc ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,pack ,,horse ,,( ,,y\r ,,own4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,ap>ejo4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,c9*a4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,latigo4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,a ,,diamond ,,hit*4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,a ,,squaw ,,hit*4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,hit* ,a ,,horse ,,9 ,,op5 ,,l& ,,)\t ,,po/1 ,,tree ,,or ,,/ick ,,or ,,/one4 ,,use ,,( ,,hobbles ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,travois ,,is ,,made ,,& ,,us$4 ,,buffalo ,,bill ,,& ,,g5]al ,,miles4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,,d[n ,a ,,saddle4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,a ,,saddle ,,on ,a ,,horse4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,m\nt ,a ,,horse4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,"k ,a ,,we/]n ,,horse ,,viii4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,dogs4 ,,man ,,pack+ #ade ,,hik+ ,,dogs1 ,,pack ,,dogs4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,pack ,a ,,dog4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,,! ,,dog ,,hit*4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,dog ,,travois4 ,,dog ,,z ,a ,,bea/ ,,( ,,burd5 ,,9 ,,europe ,,& ,,arctic ,,am]ica4 ,,man ,,pack+4 ,,pack ,,rats4 ,,don',t ,,fight ,,y\r ,,pack4 ,,portage ,,pack4 ,,great ,,m5 ,,:o ,,h ,,c>ri$ ,a ,,pack4 ,,k9ds ,,( ,,packs4 ,,alp9e ,,rucksack4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,broad ,,brea/ ,,/raps4 ,,make ,,y\r ,,own ,,outfits ,,ix4 ,,prep>+ ,,= ,,camp+ ,,trip #afe ,,port]s ,,( ,,! ,,portage4 ,,old-,,"t ,,indian ,,fight]s ,,& ,,wild ,,animals4 ,,mod]n ,,/amp$e ,,= ,,! ,,op54 ,,h[ ,,to ,,get ,,ready ,,= ,,camp4 ,,cut ,,y\r ,,f+] ,,nails4 ,,g ,,to ,,y\r ,,d5ti/4 ,,get ,a ,,hair ,,cut4 ,a ,,bucksk9 ,,man',s ,,pocket4 ,,fly ,,dope4 ,,protection ,,aga9/ ,,black ,,flies1 ,,mosquitoes1 ,,midgets ,,& ,,no-,,see-,,ums4 ,,! ,,call ,,( ,,! ,,wild ,x4 ,,saddles #ahc ,,h[ ,,to ,,*oose ,a ,,saddle4 ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,mexican ,,saddle4 ,,bir? ,,( ,,! ,,bluff ,,front$ ,,saddle4 ,,! ,,c[boy ,,age4 ,,sawbucks ,,or ,,pack ,,saddles4 ,,/raight ,,leg ,,& ,,b5t ,,knee4 ,,names ,,( ,,p>ts ,,( ,,saddle4 ,,c5t] ,,fire ,,& ,,d\ble ,,c9* ,,xi4 ,,*oos+ ,a ,,camp ,,site #aif ',,w>e ,,s+le ,,trees ,,or ,,small ,,gr\ps ,,( ,,trees4 ,,safety ,,9 ,,woods ,,or ,,=e/4 ,,keep ,,y\r ,,eyes ,,op5 ,,= ,,good ,,camp ,,sites4 ,,cross ,,/reams ,,:ile ,,cross+ ,,is ,,good4 ,,keep ,,to ,,w9dw>d ,,( ,,mosquito ,,holes4 ',,w>e ,,ants' ,,ne/s4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,tell ,,:5 ,,w9d ,,bl[s4 ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,%ack4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,sweep4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,camp ,,b$s4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,divide ,,camp ,,"w4 ,,t5t ,,pegs4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,pit* ,a ,,t5t ,,s+le-,,h&$4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,dit* ,a ,,t5t4 ,,use ,,( ,,%e>s1 ,,g9s ,,& ,,tripods ,,xii4 ,,axe ,,& ,,saw #bag ,,our ,,greate/ ,,axeman4 ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,axe4 ,,:at ,,k9d ,,( ,,axe ,,to ,,use4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,sw+ ,,an ,,axe4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,remove ,a ,,brok5 ,,axe ,,h&le4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,tight5 ,,! ,,h&le ,,9 ,,! ,,head4 ,,accid5ts4 ,,! ,,bra9s ,,( ,,an ,,axe4 ,,etiquette ,,( ,,! ,,axe4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,%>p5 ,,an ,,axe4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,fall ,a ,,tree4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,swamp4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,beetle ,,or ,,mall4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,h>d5 ,,gre5 ,,wood4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,firewood ,,hod4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,*opp+ ,,block4 ,,! ,,prop] ,,way ,,to ,,*op4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,sawbucks ,,= ,,logs4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,p>buckle4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,split ,a ,,log4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,sawpit ,,xiii4 ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nds ,,& ,,fires #bde ,,*]okee ,,indian ,,c\ncil ,,b>becue4 ,,camp ,,meet+ ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nd4 ,,! ,,indian ,,palisad$ ,,c\ncil ,,fire4 ,,indian ,,leg5ds ,,( ,,! ,,fire4 ,,/eal+ ,,! ,,fire ,,f ,,! ,,sun-,,maid5s ,,( ,,! ,,ea/4 ,,my?s ,,( ,,! ,,mewan ,,indians4 ,,totems ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,w9ds1 ,,f\r ,,m\nta9s ,,& ,,f\r ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,compass4 ,,impractical ,,c\ncil ,,fires4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,! ,,oval ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nd4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,ellipse4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,divide ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nd ,,9 ,,f\r ,,c\rts4 ,,c\ncil ,,c]emonies4 ,,gho/ ,,walk ,,& ,,pa? ,,( ,,k4 ,,:at ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,colors ,,/& ,,=4 ,,patriotism1 ,,poetry ,,& ,,am]icanism4 ,,camp ,,meet+ ,,tor* ,,fires ,,xiv4 ,,ritual ,,( ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,fire #bfe ,,program ,,( ,a ,,c\ncil ,,fire4 ,,invocation4 ,,! ,,pl$ge ,,& ,,cre$ ,,( ,,all ,,am]icans4 ,,appeal ,,*apt] ,i ,,fire ,,mak+ ,,by ,,friction ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,fire-,,bo>d1 ,,b[1 ,,drill ,,& ,,?imble ,,indian ,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,s\rce ,,( ,,fire ,,record ,,fire-,,mak]s ,,rubb+-,,/ick ,,outfit ,,eskimo ,,?imble ,,b[1 ,,b[-,,/r+1 ,,?imble1 ,,fire-,,bo>d1 ,,fire-,,pan ,,t9d]1 ,,*>r$ ,,rags1 ,,puff ,,balls ,,fire-,,mak]s ,,( ,,! ,,balkan ,,fire ,,)\t ,a ,,b[1 ,,co-,,li-,,li1 ,,! ,,fire ,,saw ,,fire ,,pump+ ,,( ,,! ,,iroquois ,,pyropneumatic ,,app>atus ,,camp-,,lore ,,& ,,woodcraft ,,*apt] ,i ,,fire ,,mak+ ,,by ,,friction ,,:5 ! :at-is-its ( ,pi!cantropus erectus age & o!r l hob-gobl9 m5 7 mop+ ar\nd ! r\gh sket* ( an e>?1 !re 7 no camp-fires2 ! only fire t ^! creatures knew 0 t :i* /ruck t]ror to _! he>ts :5 x 0 vomit$ =? f volcanic crat]s1 or came cra%+ among !m 9 ! =m ( lightn+4 ,no wond] t ! primitive m5 look$ ^u fire z a deity1 no d\bt an evil deity at fir/ b "o :o lat] became good4 ,:5 ! va/ fields ( ice cov]$ ,europe dur+ ! glaci] p]iod & =c$ m5 to ?9k or die1 necessity develop$ a prehi/oric ,edison among ! ,ne&]?al m51 :o discov]$ h[ to build & control a fire1 ?us sav+ 8 race f be+ froz5 9 ! ice & kept on cold /orage1 l ! hairy rh9oc]os & elephant ( ,sib]ia4 ,! fire ( ?is =gott5 & unkn[n glaci] savage 0 ! =]unn] ( our /eam-heat]s & kit*5 ranges2 9 fact1 )\t x we c\ld h made no progress :atev]1 = n only ! humble kit*5 range1 b ! great factories & p[]-plants are all dep5d+ ^u ! discov]y made by ! %iv]+1 tee?-*att]+ savage :o 0 hopp+ ar\nd & try+ to keep himself w>m among ! ,european glaci]s4 ,b we p ( ! camp-fires are m int]e/$ 9 primitive fires j z ! ,ne&]?al m5 built !m1 ?an we are 9 ! ro>+ furnaces ( ! /eel works1 ! volcano bla/ furnaces1 or any ( ! sci5tific1 comm]cializ$ fires ( factory & comm]ce4 ,illu/ration ,:at we love is ! g5ial1 old-fa%ion$ camp-fire 9 ! op51 on ! broad prairie1 on ! m\nta9side1 or 9 ! d>k & my/]i\s =e/s1 :]e1 z our good fri5d ,dr4 ,hornaday says1 ,we w pile on p9e & spruce1 ,mesquite roots & sagebru% loose1 ,dead bamboo & smelly teak1 ,& ) fagots blaz+ bright ,burn a hole into ! night-- ,n long ago ! au?or 0 up ,nor? 9 ! unmapp$ lake c\ntry ( ,canada1 & :ile camp+ on ! portage betwe5 two wild & lonely lakes1 ,sc\t ,joe ,van ,vleck made himself a fire outfit consi/+ ( ,fig4 #a1 a ?imble made ( a burl1 ) :i* to hold ,fig4 #b1 ! sp9dle made ( balsam4 ,fig4 #c is a b[ cut f a /&+ bu%2 n an ela/ic b[1 su* z "o uses ) :i* to %oot arr[s1 b a b[ ) a p]man5t b5d to x4 ,fig4 #d is ! fire-pan :i* is plac$ "u ! fire-bo>d to cat* ! *>coal du/ z x falls ?r\gh ! slot :5 ! sp9dle is twirl$4 ,fig4 #e is ! fire-bo>d1 made ( a dead balsam tree :i* 0 /&+ )9 ?ree y>ds ( ! camp-fire4 ,9 ord] to make 8 fire x 0 necess>y = our ,sc\t to h "s t9d]1 & ?is he secur$ f ! b>k ( c$> trees1 also )9 a few y>ds ( our camp4 ,?is inde$ 0 a novel exp]i5ce1 = seldom is mat]ial s conv5i5t4 ,! fire 0 built 9 a few seconds1 mu* to ! wond]m5t ( our ,indian guide1 & ! delight ( "s moose hunt]s :o *anc$ to be cross+ ! portage on :i* our camp 0 locat$4 ,x 0 an ,am]ican1 ,dr4 ,walt] ,h\gh ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum ( ,wa%+ton1 :o fir/ prov$ t a mod]n up-to-date civiliz$ :ite man c make a fire ) rubb+-/icks1 z well z ! primitive man4 ,b x 0 an ,engli%man :o popul>iz$ ?is me?od ( mak+ fire1 introduc$ x among ! ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,engl& & ,am]ica1 & ! si/] organizations among ! girls4 ,accord+ to ! ,am]ican ,indian leg5d ! animal p :o inhabit$ ! e>? be=e ! ,r$m5 liv$ 9 d>kness 9 ,cali=nia4 ,!re 0 ! coyote man1 ! vulture man1 ! :ite-foot$ m\se man1 & a lot ( o!r fabl$ creatures4 ,away ov] ,ea/ some:]e !re 0 light because ! sun 0 ov] !re1 & ! humm+-bird man among ! animal p ( our ,indians is ! "o1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,m]riman1 :o /ole ! fire f ! ,ea/ & c>ri$ x "u 8 *94 ,! m>k ( x is /ill !re4 ,! next "t y see a humm+-bird note ! brilliant spot ( r$ fire "u 8 *94 ,n[ y und]/& :y ! k+-p9 9 fire mak+ at y\r camp des]ves ! title ( ,le-*-* 7! humm+-bird74 ,if "o gets ! fire f a fire-bo>d1 sp9dle & b[ 9 record "t1 !n ! title ( ,le-*-* is all ! m appropriate because x 0 ! humm+-bird man :o hid ! fire 9 ! oo-noo tree1 & to ?is day1 :5 ! ,indian wants fire1 he goes to ! oo-noo 7buckeye7 tree to get x2 t is1 provid$ he has no mat*es 9 ! pockets ( 8 /ore clo!s & t "s :ite boy1 l ! ,sc\t previ\sly m5tion$1 has taught him h[ to make fire z did ! ,indian's own ance/ors4 ,b ev5 !n ! oo-noo,a wood mu/ be dead & dry4 ,au/9 ,norton ( ,ypsilanti1 ,mi*igan1 ,april1 #aiab1 made fire 9 ?irty-n9e & "o-fif? seconds2 ,fr$]ick ,c4 ,re$ ( ,wa%+ton1 9 ,decemb]1 #aiab1 made fire 9 ?irty-"o seconds2 ,mr4 ,erne/ ,mill] ( ,/4 ,paul made fire 9 ?irty seconds1 b x 0 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,=bu%1 "o ( ! au?or's ,sc\ts ( ! ,sons ( ,daniel ,boone 7! sc\t organization :i* prec$$ bo? ! ,engli% ,boy ,sc\ts & ! ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,am]ica7 :o broke ! record "t 9 mak+ fire ) rubb+-/icks by do+ x 9 tw5ty-n9e seconds at ! ,sportsman's ,%[ at ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d51 ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,=bu% made ?is record 9 ! pres5ce ( ! au?or & _m witnesses4 ,s9ce !n ! same g5tleman r$uc$ 8 own _w-record to tw5ty-six & "o-fif? seconds2 by ?is "t ev5 t record,b may h be5 brok54 ,! rubb+-/ick is a picturesque1 s5sational & int]e/+ me?od ( build+ a fire1 b to-day x is ( little practical use outside ( ! fact t x tea*es "o to ov]come ob/acles1 to d ?+s ) ! tools at h&1 to ?9k & act ) ! vigor1 precision & self-confid5ce ( a primitive man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rubb+-,,/ick ,,outfit ,ev] s9ce ! writ] 0 a small boy he has read ab\t mak+ fire by rubb+ two *ips or two /icks toge!r1 & he 0 "u ! impression !n1 & is "u ! impression n[1 t no "o c build a fire 9 t mann]4 ,:5 we f9d ref]5ce to rubb+-/icks x is probably a slov5ly mann] ( describ+ ! b[ & drill & ! o!r simil> friction fire implem5ts4 ,= ! b[ & drill "o requires fir/ a ,,?imble 7,figs4 #a1 #a;,a1 #a;,b1 #a;,c & #a;,d74 ,?is is a half r\nd /one or pebble1 a half r\nd burl or knot ( wood1 or x may be made ( s(t wood ) an inlay ( a piece ( /one4 ,9 ! bottom ( ! ?imble !re is always a %all[ hole or socket2 see ,s on ,figs4 #a1 #a;,a1 #a;,b1 #a;,c1 & #a;,d4 ,! ?imble is an inv5tion ( ! ,eskimos 7,fig4 #a;,c72 !y keep ! sp9dle upright by hold+ ! po9t$ upp] end ( x 9 a hole 7,s7 drill$ into a piece ( s]p5t9e1 or soap/one4 ,! au?or has a ?imble p]sonally made = him by ,major ,david ,ab]crombie4 ,?is beautiful implem5t is made ( h>d f9e-gra9$ wood c>v$ into ! =m ( a beetle 7,fig4 #a;,b74 ,x is inlaid ) copp] & semi-preci\s /ones4 ,! socket hole 0 drill$ into a piece ( jade 7,b71 us+ = ! purpose "s s& & ! drill %[n 9 ,fig4 #bc4 ,!re 0 a piece ( /eel pipe set into ! end ( ! wood5 drill ) :i* to bore a hole into ! h>d jade4 ,! jade 0 !n inlaid or set into ! middle ( ! bottom ( ! ?imble1 & cem5t$ !re1 ,fig4 #a;,b4 ,! au?or also has a ?imble made = him by ,edmund ,seym\r ( ! ,camp-fire ,club ( ,am]ica4 ,?is ?imble is a /one fossil ) a hole drill$ 9 x1 ,fig4 #a;,a4 ,x is n necess>y to tell ! read] t :5 us+ ! b[ = p[]1 ! twirl+ sp9dle _c be held d[n ) ! b>e h&1 consequ5tly ! use ( ! ?imble = t purpose is necess>y4 ,fig4 #a;,c %[s an ,eskimo ?imble s fa%ion$ t x may be held 9 ! fire-mak]'s m\?4 ,,! ,,b[ ,is a /ick or bran* ( wood 7,figs4 #c1 #c;,e1 #c;,f & #c;,g7 ab\t a foot & a half long & almo/ an in* 9 diamet]1 :i* has a p]man5t b5d 9 x--! b5d may be natural or may h be5 made artificially4 ,to ! b[ is atta*$ a slack ?ong1 or durable /r+ ( "s k9d4 ,! ,eskimos1 m inv5tive ?an ! ,indians1 made !mselves beautiful b[s ( ivory1 c>v+ !m f walrus tusks1 :i* !y %av$ d[n & /rung ) a loose /rip ( walrus hide4 ,,! ,,b[ ,,/r+ ,! objection to :ang /r+ or belt lac+ is t x is apt to be too greasy1 s if "o c secure a /rip ( bucksk91 a bucksk9 ?ong ab\t two in*es wide1 & twi/ x into a /r+1 x w probably be/ s]ve ! purpose 7,fig4 #f74 ,,! ,,sp9dle ,! sp9dle is ! twirl+ /ick 7,figs4 #b1 #b;,a1 #b;,b & #b;,c7 :i* is usually ab\t a foot long & 0 us$ by our ,am]ican ,indians )\t ! b[ 7,fig4 #g74 ,! twirl+ /ick or sp9dle may be ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet] at ! middle2 con/ant use & %>p5+ w gradually %ort5 ! sp9dle4 ,:5 x becomes too %ort a new "o mu/ be made4 ,! end ( ! sp9dle %\ld n be made %>p l a lead p5cil1 b %\ld h a dull or r\nd$ end1 ) :i* to bore into ! fire-bo>d1 ?us produc+ f9e1 hot *>coal1 :i* 9 "t becomes a sp>k3 t is1 a gr[+ emb]4 ,,! ,,fire-,,bo>d ,! fire-bo>d 7,figs4 #e & #e;,a7 %\ld be made ( spruce1 c$>1 balsam1 tam>ack1 cottonwood root1 basswood1 & ev5 dry :ite p9e1 maple &1 probably1 buckeye wood4 ,x %\ld n be made ( black walnut1 oak or *e/nut1 or any wood :i* has a gummy or res9\s quality4 ,! fire-bo>d %\ld be ( dry mat]ial :i* w p[d] easily4 ,dr4 ,h\gh recomm5ds maple = ! fire-bo>d1 or he>?1 z x is call$ 9 ! ,boy ,sc\t ,h&book4 ,make ! fire-bo>d ab\t elev5 in*es long1 two in*es wide & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick4 ,ne> ! edge ( ! bo>d1 & two in*es f ! end1 beg9 a r[ ( not*es ea* ?ree-qu>t] in* long & cut d[n ?r\gh ! fire-bo>d s z to be wid] at ! bottom4 ,at ! inside end ( ea* not* make an ind5ture only suffici5tly deep to b>ely hold ! end ( y\r sp9dle :ile y make ! prelim9>y twirls :i* gradually enl>ge ! socket to fit ! end ( y\r sp9dle4 ,,! ,,fire-,,pan ,! fire-pan is a *ip1 %+le or wood5 du/-pan us$ to cat* ! *>r$ du/ z x is pu%$ out by ! twirl+ sp9dle 7,fig4 #d74 ,! use ( ! fire-pan is also an ,eskimos idea1 b !y cut a /ep 9 _! driftwood fire-bo>d itself 7,fig4 #h7 to s]ve z a fire-pan4 ,,t9d] ,:5 y c procure !m1 *>r$ rags ( cotton or l95 make excell5t t9d]1 b ! be/ fabric = t purpose is an old ,turki% t[el4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,*> ,a ,,rag ,f9d a flat /one 7,fig4 #aj71 a broad piece ( bo>d1 a smoo?1 h>d1 b>e piece ( e>?2 set y\r clo? afire & aft] x beg9s to blaze briskly1 smo!r x out quickly by us+ a fold$ piece ( pap] 7,fig4 #i71 a squ>e section ( bir* b>k or ano!r piece ( bo>d4 ,?is flapp$ d[n quickly ^u ! flames w ext+ui% !m )\t di/urb+ ! *>r$ portion 7,fig4 #aj74 ,or ) y\r feet quickly trample out ! flames4 ,keep y\r punk or t9d] 9 a wat]-tight box2 a t9 tobacco box is good = t purpose1 or d l our ance/ors did--keep x 9 a punk horn 7,fig4 #cj74 ,illu/ration3 #i1 #aj ,v f9e dry grass is good t9d]1 also ! mu%room1 kn[n z ! puff-ball or ,devil's snuff-box4 ,! puff-balls1 big ones1 may be f\nd gr[+ ab\t ! edges ( ! woods & !y make v good punk or t9d]4 ,!y are prep>$ by hang+ !m on a /r+ & dry+ !m out1 aft] :i* !y are cut into ?9 slices1 laid on ! bo>d & beat5 until all ! black du/ 7snuff7 is hamm]$ out ( !m1 :5 !y are 9 condition to use z punk or t9d] 7,fig4 #aa74 ,9 old5 times !re 0 a mu%room1 toad/ool or fungus import$ f ,g]many1 & us$ z punk1 b woodcraft consi/s 9 supply+ oneself ) ! mat]ial at h&2 !re=e d n =get t fly+ squirrels 7,figs4 #ab & #ac71 :ite-foot$ mice 7,fig4 #ad7 & voles1 or %ort-tail$ mead[ mice1 are all addict$ to collect+ good ,,t9d] ) :i* to make _! w>m ne/s3 ,s also d "s ( ! birds--! summ] yell[ bird1 humm+-bird & vireos4 ,:ile ab&on$ humm+-birds' ne/s are too difficult to f9d1 la/ ye>'s vireos' ne/s are m easily discov]$ susp5d$ l cups betwe5 two bran*es1 usually )9 rea* ( ! h&1 & q conspicu\s 9 ! fall :5 ! leaves are (f ! trees4 ,illu/ration3 #aa1 #ab1 #ac ,c$> b>k1 bo? r$ 7,fig4 #ae7 & :ite1 ! dry inn] b>k ( o!r trees1 dry bir* b>k1 :5 %r$d$ up v f9e1 make good t9d]4 ,:e!r y use ! v>i\s =ms ( rubb+-/icks or ! fl9t & /eel1 x is necess>y to cat* ! sp>k 9 punk or t9d] 9 ord] to develop ! flame4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,fire ,,) ,a ,,drill ,,& ,,b[ ,fir/ f9d a level solid f\ndation on :i* to place y\r fire-bo>d1 !n make a half turn ) ! /r+ ( ! b[ ar\nd ! sp9dle1 z 9 ! diagram 7,fig4 #af72 n[ grasp ! ?imble ) ! left h&1 put "o end ( ! drill 9 ! socket hole ( ! ?imble1 ! o!r end 9 ! socket hole on ! fire-bo>d1 ) y\r left foot hold+ ! fire-bo>d d[n4 ,press y\r left wri/ firmly aga9/ y\r left %94 ,beg9 "w by draw+ ! b[ sl[ly & horizontally back & =? until x works easily1 "w ! b[ z "o does a fiddle b[ :5 play+ on a bass viol1 b draw ! b[ its :ole l5g? ea* "t4 ,:5 x is runn+ smoo?ly1 spe$ x up4 ,illu/ration3 #ad ,illu/ration3 #ae ,or :5 y feel t ! drill is bit+ ! wood1 press h>d] on ! ?imble1 n too h>d1 b h>d en\gh to hold ! drill firmly1 s t x w n slip out ( ! socket b w cont9ue to bite ! wood until ! sawdu/ beg9s to appe>4 ,at fir/ x w %[ a br[n color1 lat] x w become black & beg9 to smoke until ! ?ick5+ smoke ann\nces t y h develop$ ! sp>k4 ,at ?is /age y g5tly fan ! smok+ emb]s ) "o h&4 ,if y fan x too briskly1 z (t5 happ5s1 ! p[d] w be bl[n away4 ,z soon z y are satisfi$ t y h secur$ a sp>k1 lift ! p[d]$ emb]s on ! fire-pan & place c>efully on top ( x a bun* ( t9d]1 !n bl[ till x bur/s into flame 7,fig4 #h;,a74 ,or fold ! t9d] ov] ! sp>k g5tly1 take x up 9 y\r h& & sw+ x ) a circul> motion until ! flame fl>es out4 ,illu/ration3 #af1 #ag ,ev5 to ?is day peasantry ?r\gh\t ! ,c>pa?ian & ,balkan p59sulas build _! fires ) a rubb+-/ick4 ,b ^! p n be+ camp]s h a p]man5t fire ma*9e made by erect+ two po/s1 "o to repres5t ! fire-/ick & ! o!r ! socket ?imble4 ,! sp9dle runs horizontally betwe5 ^! two po/s & ! pressure is secur$ by a ?ong or cord ti$ ar\nd ! two po/s1 :i* t5ds to pull !m t[>d ea* o!r4 ,! sp9dle is work$ by a b[ ! same z ! "o already describ$ & ! fire is produc$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,,fire ,,)\t ,a ,,b[ ,my pupils 9 ! ,woodcraft ,camp built fires successfully by us+ ! rung ( a *air = ! sp9dle1 a piece ( pack+ case = a fire-bo>d1 & ano!r piece = ! socket wood & ! /r+ f _! moccas9s = a b[ /r+4 ,!y us$ no b[1 h[ev]1 & two or ?ree boys 7 necess>y to make a fire1 "o to hold ! sp9dle & two o!rs to saw on ! moccas9 /r+ 7,fig4 #ag74 ,illu/ration3 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb ,,co-,,li-,,li--,,! ,,fire ,,saw is made ( two pieces ( bamboo1 or fi% pole4 ,?is is ! olde/ in/rum5t = fire mak+ us$ by ! ,bontoc ,igorot & is n[ seldom f\nd among ! m5 ( ! ,philipp9es4 ,practically all ,philipp9e boys1 h[ev]1 "k h[ to make & use x & s %\ld our boys "h1 & m51 too4 ,x is call$ co-li-li & is made ( two pieces ( dry bamboo4 ,a two-foot section ( dead & dry bamboo is fir/ split l5g?wise & 9 "o piece1 a small area ( ! /r+y tissue l9+ ( ! tube is spl9t]$ & pick$ until q loose 7,fig4 #ah74 ,j ov] ! pick$ fibres1 b on ! outside ( ! bamboo1 a n>r[ groove is cut across x 7,fig4 #ah;,g74 ,?is piece ( bamboo is n[ ! /ation>y l[] "p or fire-bo>d ( ! ma*9e4 ,"o edge ( ! o!r half ( ! orig9al tube is %>p5$ l a *isel blade's edge 7,fig4 #ai72 x is !n grasp$ ) "o h& at ea* end & is sl[ly & heavily saw$ backw>d & =w>d ?r\gh ! groove 9 ! bo>d1 & aft]w>ds work$ m rapidly1 ?us produc+ a conical pile ( dry du/ on ! wad ( t9d] pick$ f ! inside ( ! bamboo or previ\sly plac$ !re4 7,figs4 #bj & #ba74 ,fig4 #bb is ! fire-pan4 ,aft] a doz5 /rokes1 says our au?ority1 ,mr4 ,alb]t ,erne/ ,j5ks1 ! sides ( ! groove & ! edge ( ! piece are burn$ d[n2 pres5tly a smell ( smoke is pla9 & be=e ?ree doz5 /rokes h be5 made1 smoke may be se54 ,usually be=e a hundr$ /rokes a l>g] volume ( smoke tells u t ! dry du/ con/antly fall+ on ! pile has gr[n m & m *>r$ until f9ally a t9y sp>k falls1 c>ry+ combu/ion to ! already heat$ du/ cone4 ,! fire-bo>d is !n c>efully lift$ & if ! p9* ( du/ is sm\ld]+ x may n[ be g5tly fann$ ) ! h& until ! t9d] cat*es2 !n x may be bl[n into a flame4 ,,fire ,,pump+ ,,( ,,! ,,iroquois ,illu/ration3 #bc ,fig4 #bc %[s ano!r =m ( drill4 ,= ?is "o x is necess>y to h a weight :eel atta*$ to ! l[] "p ( ! sp9dle4 ,a hole is made ?r\gh its c5t] & ! drill fitt$ to ?is4 ,! "o 9 ,fig4 #bc is fitt$ out ) a ru/y iron :eel :i* ,i f\nd "u ! b>n4 ,fig4 #bc;,c %[s a pott]y weight :eel :i* ,i f\nd _m ye>s ago 9 a gravel-pit 9 ,mills ,creek bottoms at ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,x 0 brick-r$ 9 color & decorat$ ) /range *>act]s4 ,= _m1 _m ye>s ,i did n "k = :at use ?is unique in/rum5t 0 int5d$4 ,i pres5t$ x to ! ,flu%+ ,high ,s*ool 7,long ,isl&71 :]e ,i tru/ x /ill rema9s4 ,! fire-drill is twirl$ by mov+ ! b[ up & d[n in/ead ( backw>d & =w>d4 ,,! ,,twirl+ ,,/ick 7,am]ican ,indian7 ,fig4 #g is practically ! same z ,figs4 #af & #ag1 ) ?is diff]5ce3 ! b[ & ?ong are disp5s$ ) & ! sp9dle twirl$ betwe5 ! palm ( ! h&s1 z =m]ly practis$ by ! ,cali=nia ,indians1 ! natives ( ,au/ralia1 ,c>ol9e ,isl&s1 ,*9a1 ,africa & ,india4 ,_m ( ! ,am]ican ,indians made friction fire 9 ?is mann]4 ,!y spun ! ?9 sp9dle by roll+ x betwe5 ! palms ( _! h&s & z pressure 0 ex]t$ ! h&s gradually slid d[n to ! ?ick l[] end ( ! sp9dle4 ,to aga9 get ! h&s to ! top ( ! drill requires practice & skill4 ,p]sonally ! writ] _c claim any success ) ?is me?od4 ,,! ,,pl[ ,,/ick 7,am]ican ,indian7 ,illu/ration3 #bd ,! simple/ me?od ( friction is t ( ! pl[1 :i* requires only a fire-bo>d ) a gutt] 9 x & a rubb+-/ick to pu% up & d[n ! gutt] 7,fig4 #bd74 ,capta9 ,belmore ,br[ne ( ,mt4 ,mc,kinley fame made a fire by ?is la/ me?od :5 8 mat*es 7 soak$ ) wat]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m difficult to produce ! fire ?is way ?an ) ! ?ong & b[4 ,x is /ill us$ 9 ! ,malay ,isl&s2 ! natives place ! fire-bo>d on a /ump or /one1 /raddle x & ) a po9t$ drill pl[ ! bo>d back & =? until !y produce fire4 ,"t3 ,=ty seconds4 ,( c\rse x is unnecess>y to tell anyone t he c />t a fire ) a sunglass 7,fig4 #be7 or ) ! l5s ( a cam]a1 or ) ! l5s made f two old-fa%ion$ wat* cry/als held toge!r4 ,b z ! sun is n always visible1 z l5ses are n suppos$ to gr[ 9 ! wild woods & 7 n to be f\nd 9 ! camps & log cab9s ( ! pione]s1 & z wat* cry/als h %ort lives 9 ! woods1 we w pass ?is me?od ( fire mak+ )\t mat*es z "o :i* prop]ly belongs 9 ! classroom4 ,illu/ration3 #be ,,! ,,pyropneumatic ,,app>atus ,be=e or ab\t ! "t ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution "s g5tleman inv5t$ a fire pi/on 7,fig4 #bf7 ) :i* he ignit$ punk made ( fungus by ! heat eng5d]$ by ! sudd5 compression ( ! air4 ,! anci5t g5tleman describes 8 inv5tion z foll[s3 ,! cyl9d] is ab\t n9e in*es long1 & half an in* 9 diamet]2 x t]m9ates 9 a screw on :i* screws ! magaz9e int5d$ to hold a b\gie1 & "s fungus4 ,a /eel rod is atta*$ to a solid pi/on1 or plung]1 n %[n 9 ! figure1 x be+ )9 ! tube4 ,?is rod has a mill$ head & !re is a small hole 9 ! tube to admit ! air1 :5 ! pi/on is drawn up to ! top1 :]e a piece unscrews1 = ! purpose ( apply+ oil or grease to ! pi/on4 ,i h f\nd l>d to answ] ! end be/4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,us+ ,,x ,take f ! magaz9e a small piece ( fungus1 place x 9 ! *amb]1 screw ! piece tight on & draw ! pi/on up by ! end1 till x /ops4 ,hold ! in/rum5t ) bo? h&s 9 ! mann] repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #bf1 place ! end on a table or aga9/ any firm body1 ei!r 9 a p]p5dicul>1 horizontal or v]tical direction1 & =ce ! pi/on d[n ) z mu* rapidity z possible4 ,?is rapid compression ( ! air w cause ! fungus to take fire4 ,in/antly aft] ! /roke ( ! pi/on1 unscrew ! magaz9e1 :5 ! air w ru% 91 & keep up ! combu/ion till ! fungus is consum$4 ,obs]ve1 9 light+ ! t9d]1 ! fungus mu/ be lift$ up a little f ! *amb]1 s z to all[ ! t9d] to be introduc$ b5ea? x1 o!rwise x w n k9dle4 ,illu/ration3 #bf ,"h x may be rem>k$ t ! in/rum5t ?us con/ruct$ has a decid$ advantage ov] ! fire-cane1 :]e ! fungus is ins]t$ at su* a dep? z n easily to be rea*$4 ,b 9 ,burmah !y _h ! same idea4 ,!re ! coolies /ill light _! cig>ettes ) a fire-pi/on4 ,! ,philipp9os also use ! same ma*9e & ignite a wad ( cotton /uck on ! end ( ! pi/on by sudd5ly =c+ ! pi/on into air-tight cyl9d]s1 & :5 ! pi/on is quickly )drawn ! cotton is f\nd to be aflame1 s x may be t ! ,colonial g5tleman _h travel$ to ! ,indies & borr[$ 8 idea f ! ,burmahs1 or ! ,philipp9os4 ,at any rate we d n use x to-day 9 ! woods1 b x f9ds place "h because x belongs to ! friction fires & may be good z a sugge/ion = ^? among my read]s ( exp]im5tal & inv5tive m9ds4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,x is n ! buckeye ( ! ,ohio & ,mississippi ,valley1 b is ! nut buckeye ( ,cali=nia1 sculus ,cali=nica4 ,b ,! record is n[ elev5 seconds4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fire ,,mak+ ,,by ,,p]cussion ,,! ,,:ite ,,man',s ,,me?od2 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,fl9t ,,& ,,/eel ,,:]e ,,to ,,obta9 ,,! ,,fl9t ,,& ,,/eel ,,*ucknuncks1 ,,punk ,,boxes1 ,,spunks ,,& ,,mat*es ,,real ,,lucif] ,,mat*es ,,sl[ ,,mat* ,,h[ ,,to ,,cat* ,,! ,,sp>k ,,sub/itutes ,,= ,,fl9t ,,& ,,/eel ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fire ,,mak+ ,,by ,,p]cussion ,,! prec$+ me?ods ( produc+ fire by friction are n ! :ite man's me?ods1 & are n ! me?ods us$ by our pione] ance/ors4 ,! only case ! writ] c rememb] 9 :i* ! pione] :ite p us$ rubb+-/icks to produce fire1 is "o :]e ! refugees f an ,indian upris+ & massacre 9 ,oregon made fire f rubb+-/icks made ( ! bits ( ! spl9t]$ wood ( a lightn+ /rick5 tree4 ,on t occasion !y evid5tly left home 9 a great hurry1 )\t _! fl9ts & /eels4 ,b ?is "o in/ance 9 itself is suffici5t to %[ to all outdoor p ! great importance ( ! k & ability to make friction fires4 ,l our good fri5d1 ! arti/1 explor] & au?or1 ,capta9 ,belmore ,br[ne1 "o may at any "t get 9 a fix :]e "o's mat*es are soak$1 de/roy$ or lo/ & be compell$ ei!r to eat "o's food raw or resort to rubb+-/icks to />t a fire4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to rememb] t ! fl9t & /eel is ,,! ,,:ite ,,man',s ,,me?od ,& not)/&+ ! fire canes ( our ,colonial dudes1 or ! ,pyropneumatic app>atus ( ! =gott5 ,mr4 ,bank1 fire by p]cussion1 t is1 fire by friction ( fl9t & /eel1 0 univ]sal "h 9 ,am]ica up to a q rec5t date1 & x is /ill 9 common use among _m ( my ,camp-fire ,club fri5ds1 & among _m smok]s4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,fl9t ,,& ,,/eel ,9 ! age ( fl9t & /eel1 ! guns 7 all fir$ by ?is me?od4 ,fig4 #cc %[s ! gun-lock ( an old musket2 ! hamm] holds a piece ( fl9t1 a small piece ( bucksk9 is fold$ ar\nd ! inside edge ( ! fl9t & s]ves to give a grip to ! top "p ( ! hamm] :i* is screw$ d[n4 ,to fire ! gun ! hamm] is pull$ back at full cock1 ! /eel sets opposite ! hamm] & is jo9$ to ! top ( ! p[d]-pan by a h+e4 ,:5 ! trigg] is pull$ ! hamm] comes d[n1 /rik+ ! fl9t aga9/ ! /eel1 ?r[+ x back & expos+ ! p[d] at ! same "t to ! sp>ks :i* ignite ! p[d] 9 ! gun by means ( ! t\* hole 9 ! side ( ! b>rel ( same4 ,?is is ! sort ( a hamm] & lock us$ by all ( our ance/ors up to ! "t ( ! ,civil ,w>1 & x is ! sort ( a hamm] us$ by ! ,conf$]ates z late z ! battle ( ,=t ,donaldson4 ,9 ! old5 times "s p _h fl9t lock pi/ols )\t b>rels1 :i* 7 us$ only to ignite punk = ! purpose ( fire-build+4 ,b :5 "o />ts a fire by means ( fl9t & /eel "o's h&s mu/ act ! "p ( ! hamm]1 ! back ( "o's knife may be ! /eel1 !n a piece ( fl9t or a gritty rock & a piece ( punk w produce ! sp>k necess>y to g5]ate ! flames4 ,9 ! good old pione] days1 :5 we all wore bucksk9 clo!s & did n bo!r ab\t ! price ( wool1 :5 we wore coonsk9 caps & c>$ little = ! price ( felt hats1 ev]ybody1 f ,miles ,/&i% & ,george ,wa%+ton to ,abraham ,l9coln1 us$ fl9t & /eel4 ,fig4 #bg %[s t5 diff]5t =ms ( /eel us$ by our gr&sires & gr&dames4 ,illu/ration3 #bg1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #ce ,fl9t 9 its natural condition may be f\nd 9 _m /ates1 b1 z a rule1 any /one :i* 0 us$ by ! ,indians = arr[heads w answ] z a sub/itute = fl9t1,c t is1 any gritty or glassy /one1 l qu>tz1 agate1 jasp] or iron pyrites4 ,s(t /ones1 lime/ones1 slate or soap/ones are n good = ?is purpose4 ,,! ,,/eel ,mo/ ( ! old /eels 7 s made t "o might grasp !m :ile ?ru/+ "o's f+]s ?r\gh ! inside ( ! oval /eel1 ,fig4 #bh 7left h&$74 ,"s ( ! ,sc\tma/]s ( ! ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,am]ica make _! own /eels ( brok5 pieces ( flat t5-c5t files1 b ?is is unnecess>y because e outdoor man1 & woman1 too1 is suppos$ to c>ry a good siz$ jack-knife & ! back ( ! blade ( ! jack-knife1 or ! back ( ! blade ( "o's hunt+ knife is good en\gh /eel = anyone :o has acquir$ ! art ( us+ x z a /eel4 ,b if y mu/ h /eels manufactur$ at ! ma*9e %op or make !m y\rself1 let !m be an in* wide1 a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 & long en\gh to =m an ellipse l "o ( ^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,h ! %>p edges r\nd$ (f4 ,if y desire y may h y\r /eel twi/$ 9 any ( ! %apes %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg to imitate ! ones us$ by y\r great gr&daddies4 ,,! ,,*ucknuck ,b ! neate/ ?+ 9 ! way ( fl9t & /eel :i* has come to ! writ]'s att5tion is %[n by ,fig4 #ca4 ,?is is a small ,g]man silv] box :i* /ill conta9s "s ( ! orig9al fungus us$ = punk & an anci5t1 well-batt]$ piece ( fl9t4 ,ar\nd ! box is fitt$ ! /eel 9 ! =m ( a b&1 & ! :ole ?+ is s small t x may be c>ri$ 9 "o's ve/ pocket4 ,?is 0 once ! prop]ty ( ,phillip ,hagn]1 ,lieut5ant1 ( ! ,city ( ,philadelphia at ! "t ( ! ,revolution1 t is1 cu/odian ( city prop]ty4 ,he took ! ,*ri/ ,*ur* bells f ,philadelphia to ,be?lehem by ox-c>t be=e ! city 0 occupi$ by ! ,briti%4 ,phillip ,hagn] came f ,saxony ab\t #agjj & settl$ 9 ,g]mant[n1 ,philadelphia4 ,?is silv] box 0 pres5t$ to ! ,national ,sc\t ,commission] by ,mr4 ,isaac ,sutton1 ,sc\t ,commission] = ,delaw>e & ,montgom]y ,c\nties1 ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,am]ica4 ,,punk ,,boxes ,! c[horn punk box is made by saw+ (f ! small end & !n ! po9t ( a c['s horn 7,fig4 #cj74 ,a small hole is next bor$ ?r\gh ! solid small end ( ! horn to connect ) ! natural op5 space fur!r d[n1 a /rip ( ra:ide or :ang /r+ l>g] ?an ! hole is =c$ ?r\gh ! small end & secur$ by a knot on ! inside1 :i* prev5ts x f be+ pull$ out4 ,! l>ge end ( ! horn is clos$ by a piece ( ?ick sole lea!r atta*$ to ! ?ong1 by ty+ a h>d knot 9 ! end & pull+ ! ?ong ?r\gh a hole 9 ! c5t] ( ! /opp] until ! knot is snug aga9/ ! lea!r disk2 ?is %\ld be done be=e ! wet lea!r is all[$ to dry4 ,if ! ?ong & lea!r /opp] are made to fit ! horn tightly1 ! dry bak$ rags1 ! *>r$ cotton1 or :atev] sub/ance y use = punk1 :5 plac$ 9 ! horn w be p]fectly protect$ f moi/ure or dampness4 ,,sulphur ,,head$ ,,spunks ,,& ,,mat*es ,^! old sulphur spunks 7 no?+ m ?an k9dl+ wood or t9d]1 because !y w\ld n ignite by rubb+ b 7 light$ by putt+ ! sulphur end 9 ! flame4 ,accord+ to our mod]n ideas ( conv5i5ce !y appe> v primitive4 ,!y 7 call$ spunks 9 ,engl& & mat*es 9 ,am]ica1 & v>i$ 9 l5g? f ?ree to sev5 in*es1 7 g5]ally pack$ 9 bundles f a doz5 to two doz5 & ti$ toge!r ) bits ( /raw4 ,"s spunks made z late z #ahcj are consid]$ r>e en\gh to be c>efully pres]v$ 9 ! ,york ,museum 9 ,engl& 7,fig4 #cb74 ,! ones illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cb are a ,long ,isl& product1 & 7 giv5 to ! au?or by ! late ,john ,hall]an1 ! mo/ not$ antique collector on ,long ,isl&4 ,^! are c>efully pres]v$ among ! antiquities 9 ! writ]'s /udio4 ,b !y are less ?an half ! l5g? ( ! ones =m]ly us$ on ! ,we/]n ,res]ve4 ,) ! anci5t mat*es 9 ! /udio are also two old pione] t9d] boxes ) fl9ts & /eels4 ,! t9d] boxes are made ( t9 & conta9 a lot ( bak$ rags4 ,! inside lid acts z an ext+ui%] ) :i* to cov] up ! punk or t9d] 9 ! box aft] y h light$ ! c&le 9 ! t9 lid ( ! box 7,fig4 #cb74 ,! mat*es we use today are evolv$ f ^! old sulphur spunks4 ,:5 ! writ] 0 a little fell[ up 9 ! ,we/]n ,res]ve on ! %ores ( ,lake ,erie1 he 0 int5sely int]e/$ 9 an old lady mak+ sulphur mat*es4 ,ov] ! op5 fire %e melt$ ! sulphur 9 an iron kettle 9 :i* %e dipp$ ! ends ( "s p9e sliv]s4 ,! sulphur on ! end ( ! /icks 0 !n all[$ to cool & h>d54 ,^! mat*es 7 ab\t ! l5g? ( a lead p5cil & c\ld only be light$ by ?ru/+ ! sulphur into ! flame4 ,s1 al?\gh hav+ be5 born 9 ! age ( ,lucif] mat*es1 ! writ] 0 yet =tunate en\gh to see manufactur$ & to rememb] ! contempor>y ance/ors ( our pres5t-day safety mat*4 ,,! ,,real ,,lucif] ,,mat* ,t is1 ! mat* :i* lights f friction1 is ! inv5tion ( ,isaac ,hold51 ,m4 ,p4 ,accord+ to ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 ,mr4 ,hold5 said1 ,9 ! morn+ ,i us$ to get up at #d o'clock 9 ord] to pursue my /udies1 & ,i us$ at t "t ! fl9t & /eel1 9 ! use ( :i* ,i f\nd v great inconv5i5ce4 ,( c\rse1 ,i knew1 z o!r *emi/s did1 ! explosive mat]ial t 0 necess>y 9 ord] to produce in/antane\s light1 b x 0 v difficult to obta9 a light on wood by t explosive mat]ial1 & ! idea occurr$ to me to put sulphur "u ! explosive mixture4 ,i did t & %[$ x 9 my next lecture on *emi/ry1 a c\rse ( :i* ,i 0 deliv]+ at a l>ge academy4 ,because e real woodsman is a /ud5t1 z well z a s5tim5tali/1 a brief hi/ory is giv5 ( ^! fire implem5ts to ent]ta9 him z we jog along ! trace4 ,all ^! ?+s are blazes :i* m>k ! trail to ! button 9 our wall :i* n[ produces ! electric light4 ,"s ( !m1 l ! clay cyl9d]s f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ,babylon1 are only useful 9 a hi/orical s5se1 b _m ( !m are ess5tially practical = woodcraft4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,*ucknuck ,! sl[ mat* or punk rope to fit 9 ! brass cyl9d] may be made ( c&le wick or coa* wick pur*as$ at ! h>dw>e /ore2 su* wick is ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,sc\t ,commission] ,john ,h4 ,*ase ( ,y\ng/[n1 ,ohio1 sugge/s t ! rope may be made f ! wa/es ( a ma*9e %op or a g>age2 b "o ( ! be/ woodsm5 ,i "k is ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,k4 ,vreel&1 & he uses ! app>atus %[n by ,fig4 #cd1 :i* is made ( ! yell[ fuse rope1 or punk rope1 :i* may be pur*as$ at cig> /ores4 ,he fa/5s a cork 9 "o end ( ! rope by a wire1 he pulls ! o!r end ( ! rope ?r\gh ! end ( ! brass c>tridge %ell :i* has be5 fil$ (f = t purpose4 ,! end ( ! fuse rope mu/ be *>r$1 s z to cat* ! sp>k4 ,to get ! sp>k he takes ! back ( ! blade ( 8 knife 7,fig4 #ce71 & /rikes ! bit ( fl9t z y w\ld ) fl9t & /eel1 hold+ ! *>r$ end ( ! punk aga9/ ! fl9t1 z %[n by ! diagram 7,fig4 #bi74 ,loose cotton & v>i\s vegetable fib]s twi/$ into a rope soak$ 9 wat] & gunp[d] w make good punk :5 dry4 ,,to ,,get ,,! ,,sp>k ,place ! *>r$ end ( ! rope on ! fl9t1 ! *>r$ portion ab\t "o ?irty-second ( an in* back ( ! edge ( ! fl9t :]e ! latt] is to be /ruck by ! /eel2 hold ! punk 9 place ) ! ?umb ( ! left h&1 z 9 ! diagram 7,fig4 #bi74 ,hold ! knife ab\t six in*es above at an angle ( ab\t =ty-five degrees f ! fl9t1 turn y\r knife s t ! edge ( ! back ( ! blade w /rike1 !n come d[n at an angle ab\t ?irty-five degrees ) a %>p scrap+ bl[4 ,?is %\ld s5d ! sp>k into ! punk at ! fir/ or second bl[4 ,n[ bl[ ! punk until x is all agl[ & y are ready to set y\r t9d] afire4 ,pu% ! punk into ! middle ( a h&ful ( t9d] & bl[ x until x is aflame1 & ! de$ is done6 ,all ^! pocket contrivances = /rik+ fire 7 =m]ly kn[n z /rik]-lights or *ucknucks4 ,a ,,sub/itute ,,= ,,fl9t ,,& ,,/eel ,! ,malays hav+ nei!r fl9t nor /eel +5i\sly sub/itute = ! fl9t a piece ( brok5 *9aw>e1 & = ! /eel a bamboo jo9t1 & !y produce a sp>k by /rik+ ! brok5 *9a aga9/ ! jo9t ( ! bamboo1 j z we d ) ! fl9t & /eel4 ,,footnote3 ,c ,today fl9t may be obta9$ at ,bann]mans1 #eja ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city1 :]e !y also h anci5t /eels :i* 7 us$ by ! ,u4 ,s4 soldi]s4 ,! fl9ts may also be pur*as$ f ,w>ds ,natural ,sci5ce ,e/abli%m5t at ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 & ! au?or f\nd a pl5tiful supply ( fl9ts at "o ( ! ,army & ,navy /ores 9 ,new ,york4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,fire ,,h[ ,,to ,,lay ,,& ,,light ,a ,,fire ,,an ,,exp]i5ce ,,) ,,t5d]feet ,,mod]n ,,fe> ,,( ,,do+ ,,manual ,,labor ,,mat*es ,,fire-,,mak]s ,,& ,,babylonians ,,! ,,palpitat+ ,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,camp ,,gummy ,,fagots ,,( ,,! ,,p9e ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,fire ,,9 ,,wet ,,wea!r ,,backwoodsm5',s ,,fire ,,! ,,necessity ,,( ,,small ,,k9dl+ ,,wood ,,good ,,firewood ,,advantage ,,( ,,split ,,wood ,,fire-,,dogs ,,h[ ,,to ,,op5 ,a ,,knife ,,h[ ,,to ,,:ittle2 ,,h[ ,,to ,,split ,a ,,/ick ,,) ,a ,,knife ,,bonfires ,,& ,,c\ncil ,,fires ,,camp ,,meet+ ,,tor* ,,fires ,,explod+ ,,/ones ,,"* ,,9 ,,fire ,,sl[ ,,fires1 ,,signal ,,fires ,,& ,,smudges ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,fire ,by ?y camp-fire !y %all "k !e4 ,a ,,p>ty ( tw5ty or ?irty m5 once call$ at ! au?or's /udio & begg$ t he w\ld g ) !m on a hike1 /at+ t !y int5d$ to cook _! d9n] out-(-doors4 ,we w5t on ! hike4 ,! au?or ask$ ! g5tlem5 to collect ! wood = ! fire2 !y did s en?usia/ically & heap$ up ab\t a qu>t] ( a cord ( wood4 ,!re 0 no /ick 9 ! pile less ?an ! ?ickness ( "o's arm1 & _m z ?ick z "o's leg4 ,a f9e mi/y ra9 0 fall+ & ev]y?+ 0 damp4 ,:ile all ! o!r hik]s ga!r$ ar\nd1 "o ( !m c>efully light$ a mat* & appli$ x to ! heap ( damp cord wood /icks4 ,mat* aft] mat* he tri$1 !n turn$ helplessly to ! writ] ) ! rem>k1 ,x won't light1 sir1 & none !re saw ! humor ( ! situation6 ,_h anyone told ! writ] t f tw5ty-five to ?irty m5 c\ld be f\nd1 none ( :om c\ld build a fire1 he w\ld h consid]$ ! /atem5t z highly improbable1 b if he _h be5 told t any intellig5t man w\ld try to light cord wood /icks1 wet or dry1 by apply+ a mat* to !m1 he w\ld h br&$ ! /ory z utt]ly beyond belief4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 really a/oni%+ h[ few p !re are :o "k h[ to build a fire ev5 :5 suppli$ ) pl5ty ( fuel & abundant mat*es4 ,,mat*es ,x may be well to call ! read]'s att5tion to ! fact t x takes v little moi/ure to spoil ! scrat* pat* on a box ( safety mat*es & prev5t ! mat* itself f ignit+4 ,! s-call$ p>lor mat*1 :i* snaps :5 "o lights x & (t5 %oots ! burn+ head into "o's face or on "o's clo!s1 is too dang]\s a mat* to take into ! woods4 ,! bird's-eye mat* is exce$+ly unreliable on ! trail1 b ! old-fa%ion$1 ill-smell+ ,lucif] mat*1 sometimes call$ sulphur mat*1 ! k9d "o may secure at ! ,hudson ,bay ,trad+ ,po/1 ! k9d t comes 9 blocks & is (t5 pack$ 9 t9 cans1 is ! be/ mat* = woodcraft]s1 hunt]s1 explor]s1 & hik]s4 ,mo/ ( ! outfitt+ /ores 9 ! big cities ei!r h ^! mat*es or c procure !m = _! cu/om]s4 ,:5 "o ( ^! mat*es is damp x may be dri$ by runn+ x ?r\gh "o's hair4 ,illu/ration3 #cf1 #cg1 #ch1 #ci ,n[adays manual labor seems to be look$ ^u by ev]yone m 9 ! light ( a disgrace or puni%m5t ?an z a privilege2 nev]!less1 x is a privilege to be able to labor1 x is a privilege to h ! vim1 ! pep1 ! desire & ! ability to d ?+s4 ,labor is a necess>y attribute ( ! do] & ^? :o live 9 ! op52 no "o ne$ attempt s simple a ?+ z ! build+ ( a fire & expect to succe$ )\t labor4 ,"o mu/ use ! axe indu/ri\sly 7,figs4 #ci1 #db & #dc7 9 ord] to procure fuel = ! fire2 "o mu/ plan ! fire c>efully ) reg>d to ! w9d & ! inflammable mat]ial adjac5t2 "o mu/ collect & select ! fuel intellig5tly4 ,! %irk1 ! quitt]1 or ! side-/epp] has no place 9 ! op52 8 habitat is on ! ,great ,:ite ,way among ! ,babylonians ( ! big cities4 ,he does n ev5 "k ! joys ( a fire2 he nev] sees a fire except :5 "s build+ is burn+4 ,8 body is heat$ by /eam radiators1 8 food is cook$ 9 "s my/]i\s place beyond 8 k51 & br\ght to him by subs]vi5t wait]s4 ,he w be dead & fl[]s gr[+ on 8 grave :5 ! real fire-mak]s are j atta9+ ! full vigor ( _! manhood4 ,capta9 ,belmore ,br[ne says t ! trails ( ! wild]ness are its art]ies2 we may add t all trails proce$ f camp or lead to camp1 & t ! camp-fire is ! liv+1 life-giv+1 palpitat+ he>t ( ! camp2 )\t x all is dead & lifeless4 ,t is ! reason t we ( ! outdoor bro!rhood all love ! fire2 t is ! reason t ! odor ( burn+ wood is inc5se to our no/rils2 t is ! reason t ! writ] _c help talk+ ab\t x :5 he %\ld be tell+ ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,fire ,d n =get t light+ a fire 9 hot1 dry wea!r is *ild's play1 b t x takes a real camp] to p]=m ! same act 9 ! damp1 soggy woods on a cold1 raw1 ra9y day1 or :5 ! fir/ damp sn[ is cov]+ all ! bran*es ( ! trees & blanket+ ! moi/ gr\nd ) a slu%y mantle ( :ite discom=t6 ,!n x is t fire mak+ br+s out all ! skill & pati5ce ( ! woodcraft]2 nev]!less :5 he takes prop] c>e nei!r ra91 sn[ nor hail c spell failure = him4 ,,gummy ,,fagots ,,( ,,! ,,p9e ,9 ! m\nta9s ( ,p5nsylvania ! old backwoodsm51 ( :i* !re are v few left1 inv>iably build _! fires ) dry p9e1 or pit* p9e /icks4 ,) _! axe !y split a p9e log 7,fig4 #db71 !n cut x into /icks ab\t a foot long & ab\t ! ?ickness ( _! own knott$ ?umbs1 or maybe a trifle ?ick] 7,fig4 #dj72 aft] t !y proce$ to :ittle ^! /icks1 cutt+ deep %av+s 7,fig4 #cg71 b us+ c>e to leave "o end ( ! %av+s adh]+ to ! wood2 !y g r\nd & r\nd ! /ick ) _! knife blade mak+ curl$ %av+s until ! piece ( k9dl+ looks l "o ( ^? toy wood5 trees "o us$ to f9d 9 8 ,noah's ,ark on ,*ri/mas morn+ 7,fig4 #cg74 ,:5 a backwoodsman f9i%es ?ree or m /icks he sets !m up wigwam =m 7,fig4 #ch74 ,! ?ree /icks hav+ be5 cut f ! c5tre ( a p9e log1 are dry & maybe res9\s1 s all t is necess>y to />t ! flame is to t\* a mat* to ! bottom ( ! curl$ %av+s 7,fig4 #ch74 ,be=e !y d ?is1 h[ev]1 !y are c>eful to h a supply ( small sliv]s ( pit* p9e1 :ite p9e or split p9e knots h&y 7,fig4 #cf74 ,^! !y set up ar\nd ! %av$ /icks1 maybe add+ "s hemlock b>k1 & by ! "t x is all ablaze !y are already putt+ on l>g] /icks ( a%1 black bir*1 yell[ bir*1 sug> maple or oak4 ,illu/ration3 #dj1 #da1 #da1 #db1 #dc1 #dd ,= be x kn[n t h[ev] h&y pit* p9e is = />t+ a fire1 x is n ! mat]ial us$ z fuel 9 ! fire itself1 because ! heavy smoke f ! pit* black5s up ! cook+ ut5sils1 gives a disagreeable ta/e to ! food1 spoils ! c(fee & is n a pleasant accompanim5t ev5 = a bonfire4 ,9 ! ,nor? woods1 9 ! l& ( ! bir* trees1 gre5 bir* b>k is univ]sally us$ z k9dl+ ) :i* to />t a fire2 gre5 bir* b>k burns l t> pap]4 ,b :e!r "o />ts ! fire ) bir* b>k1 %av$ p9e /icks or miscellane\s dry wood1 "o mu/ rememb] t ,,split ,,wood ,burns mu* bett] ?an wood 9 its natural =m1 & t logs f twelve to f\rte5 in*es are be/ = splitt+ = fuel 7,fig4 #db72 also "o mu/ n =get t 9 />t+ a fire ! small] ! sliv]s ( k9dl+ wood are made1 ! easi] x is to obta9 a flame by ! use ( a s+le mat* 7,fig4 #cf71 aft] :i* ! add+ ( fuel is a simple matt]4 ,a fire mu/ h air to brea! 9 ord] to live1 t is a draught1 consequ5tly k9dl+ pil$ 9 ! little wigwam %ape is frequ5tly us$4 ,,fire-,,dogs ,= an ord9>y1 unimportant fire ! turkey-lay 7,fig4 #ed7 is h&y1 b = camp-fires & cook+ fires we use &irons on :i* to re/ ! wood1 b ( c\rse 9 ! =e/s we d n call !m &irons4 ,!y are n made ( iron2 !y are ei!r logs ( gre5 wood or /ones & kn[n to woodsm5 by ! "n ( fire-dogs4 ,:ile we are on ! subject ( fire mak+ x may be wor? :ile to call ! read]'s att5tion to ! fact t e outdoor p]son %\ld "k h[ to use a pocket knife1 a jack-knife or a hunt]'s knife ) ! greate/ effici5cy & ! lea/ dang]4 ,to ^? ( u :o grew up 9 ! :ittl+ age1 x may seem odd or ev5 funny t anyone %\ld deem x necess>y to tell h[ to op5 a pocket knife4 ,b today ,i fail to recall to my m9d a s+le boy ( my acqua9tance :o kn[s h[ to prop]ly h&le a knife or :o c :ittle a /ick ) any degree ( skill1 & yet !re are few m5 9 ?is _w ) a l>g] acqua9tance among ! boys ?an myself4 ,n only is ?is true1 b ,i sp5d two mon?s ( ea* ye> 9 ! field ) a camp full ( boys1 %[+ !m h[ to d ! v ?+s ) _! knives & _! axes describ$ 9 ?is book4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,op5 ,a ,,knife ,illu/ration3 #de1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #di ,x is safe to say t :5 ! old-tim]s 7 boys !mselves1 !re 0 n a lad among !m :o c\ld n :ittle ) consid]able skill & _m a twelve ye> old boy 0 an adept at ! art4 ,i rememb] ) ! ke5e/ pleasure ! r+s1 *>ms & knick-knacks :i* ,i c>v$ ) a pocket knife be=e ,i _h rea*$ ! sc\t age ( twelve4 ,today1 h[ev]1 ! boys h&le _! knives s awkw>dly z to make ! *ills run d[n ! back ( an onlook]4 ,9 ord] to prop]ly op5 a knife1 hold x 9 y\r left h&1 & ) ! ?umbnail ( y\r "r h& grasp ! blade at ! nail not* 7,fig4 #de7 9 su* a mann] t ! l9e ( ! nail makes a v slight angle2 t is1 x is z ne> p]p5dicul> z may be 7,fig4 #df71 o!rwise y w b5d back y\r ?umbnail until x hurts or breaks4 ,pull ! blade away f y\r body1 at ! same "t draw+ ! h&le ( ! knife t[>ds ! body 7,figs4 #dg & #dh74 ,cont9ue ?is movem5t until ! blade is fully op5 & po9ts directly f y\r body 7,fig4 #di74 ,practise ?is & make x a habit2 y w !n nev] be 9 dang] ( /abb+ y\rself dur+ ! process ( op5+ y\r knife--y w op5 a knife prop]ly & quickly by :at is g5]ally t]m$ intuition1 b :at is really ! result ( tra9+ & habit4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,:ittle ,! age ( :ittl+ began ) ! inv5tion ( ! pocket knife & rea*$ its climax ab\t #ahdj or '#ej1 dy+ out "s "t aft] ! ,civil ,w>1 probably ab\t #ahgj4 ,all ! old :ittl]s ( ! :ittl+ age :ittl$ away f ! body4 ,if y practise :ittl+ t way x w become a habit4 ,indians use a crook$ knife & :ittle t[>ds ! body1 b ! que] %ape ( _! knife does away ) ! dang] ( an accid5tal /ab or sla%4 ,cobbl]s use a wick$ %>p knife & cut t[>ds _! p]son & (t5 are sev]ely sla%$ by x1 & sometimes dang]\sly w\nd$1 because a big art]y runs along ! inside ( "o's leg 7,fig4 #da7 ne> :]e mo/ ( ! sc>s on ! cobbl]'s legs appe>4 ,:5 y :ittle d n :ittle ) a /ick betwe5 y\r legs z 9 ,fig4 #da1 & always :ittle away f y z 9 ,fig4 #dd4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,split ,,) ,a ,,jack-,,knife ,fig4 #dj %[s ! prop] way to use ! knife 9 splitt+ a /ick1 s t x w n /ra9 ! spr+ at ! back ( ! h&le ( ! knife1 & at ! same "t x w help y guide ! knife blade & t5d to make a /raight split4 ,d n try to pry ! /ick ap>t ) a knife or y w soon] or lat] break ! blade1 a s]i\s ?+ = a wild]ness man to d1 = x leaves him )\t "o ( ! mo/ useful tools4 ,rememb] t f9e sliv]s ( wood make a saf] & m c]ta9 />t = a fire ?an pap]4 ,all t5d]feet fir/ try dry leaves & dry grass to />t _! fires4 ,?is !y d because !y are accu/om$ to ! use ( pap] & naturally seek leaves or hay z a sub/itute = pap]4 ,b exp]i5ce soon tea*es !m t leaves & grass make a na/y smudge or a quick1 unreliable flame :i* (ttimes fails to ignite ! wood1 :ile1 :5 prop] c>e is us$1 small sliv]s ( dry wood nev] fail to give satisfactory results4 ,!re are _m sorts ( fires us$ by camp]s & all are dep5d5t ^u ! local supply ( fuel2 9 ! de=e/$ di/ricts ( ,korea ! p use twi/$ grass = fuel1 on our ,we/]n pla9s ! hunt]s =m]ly us$ buffalo *ips & n[ !y use c[ *ips1 t is1 ! dry manure ( cattle1 ) :i* to build _! fires = cook+ _! meals & boil+ _! c(fee4 ,9 ! ,zurn belt1 9 ,t>t>y & ,c5tral ,india cattle manure is collect$1 pil$ up l cord wood & dri$ = fuel4 ,a few ye>s ago !y us$ corn on ! cob = firewood 9 ,kansas4 ,x goes )\t say+ t buffalo *ips are n good = bonfires or any fire :]e a big flame or illum9ation is an object4 ,,bonfires ,,& ,,c\ncil ,,fires ,are usually mu* l>g] ?an camp-fires1 & may be made by heap+ ! wood up 9 conical =m 7,fig4 #ej7 ) ! k9dl+ all ready = ! tor* 9 ! c5t] ( ! pile1 or ! wood may be pil$ up log cab9 /yle 7,fig4 #ea7 ) ! k9dl+ und]nea? ! fir/ floor4 ,illu/ration3 #ej1 #ea1 #eb1 #ec1 #ed ,9 bo? ( ^! =ms !re are air spaces purposely left betwe5 ! /icks ( wood1 :i* insure a quick & ready draught ! mom5t ! flames />t to flick] 9 ! k9dl+4 ,! be/ =m ( c\ncil fire is %[n by ,fig4 #eb1 & kn[n z ! ,,camp ,,meet+ ,,tor* ,because x 0 f a some:at simil> device at a camp meet+ 9 ,florida1 t ! au?or got ! sugge/ion = 8 tor* fire4 ,! plat=m is made ( any?+ h&y & is cov]$ ) a ?ick floor+ ( sod1 s& or clay = ! fire-place4 ,! t[] is built exactly simil> to ! ,boy ,sc\t signal t[]s b on a small] scale 7,fig4 #eb74 ,,dang] ,,( ,,explod+ ,,/ones ,h[ev] tempt+ a smoo? rock may look z a conv5i5t spot on :i* a fire may be built1 d n fail to spread a few %ovels ( s&1 e>? or clay on ! /one z a fire b$1 = ! damp rock on becom+ heat$ may g5]ate /eam & ei!r exp& ) "s viol5ce or bur/ l a bomb-%ell & scatt] f> & wide ! fragm5ts1 ev5 endang]+ ! lives ( ^? ga!r$ ar\nd ! fire4 ,,"* ,,9 ,,fire ,! natives ( ,au/ralia take dry logs1 #f ft4 or m 9 l5g?1 & lay+ !m d[n #c ft4 or #d ft4 ap>t1 set !m on fire 9 sev]al places4 ,lett+ %ort] logs meet !m f ! outside1 & plac+ good-siz$ pebbles ar\nd !m1 !y !n /ret* !mselves on ! gr\nd & sleep betwe5 ! two l9es ( fire1 & :5 ! wood is consum$ ! /ones cont9ue = "s "t to radiate ! heat !y h previ\sly absorb$4 ,_m tribes ( ,am]ican ,indians h _! own special fa%ion ( fire build+1 s t a des]t$ camp fire w n infrequ5tly reveal ! id5tity ( ! tribe by :i* x 0 made4 ,,sl[ ,,fires ,! camp]'s old me?od ( mak+ a sl[ fire 0 also us$ by h\sekeep]s = _! op5 fire-places1 & consi/$ ( plac+ ?ree logs ) _! gl[+ ends toge!r4 ,z ! ends ( ! logs burn$ (f ! logs 7 pu%$ =w>d1 ?is be+ cont9u$ until ! logs 7 entirely consum$4 ,?ree good logs ?us arrang$ w burn all day or all night1 b someone mu/ occasionally pu% !m s t _! ends come toge!r1 :5 !y s5d _! heat f "o to ! o!r1 backw>ds & =w>ds1 & ?us keep ! emb]s hot 7,fig4 #ec74 ,b :o wants to sit up all night wat*+ a fire8 ,i pref] to use ! mod]n me?od & sleep all night4 ,%>p5 ! ends ( two /rong heavy /akes ea* ab\t #e ft4 9 l5g?1 cut a not* 9 ! re> ( ea* ne> ! top1 = ! support or back to key into1 drive ! /akes into ! gr\nd ab\t #f ft4 ap>t4 ,place ?ree logs "o on ! o!r1 mak+ a log wall = ! back ( y\r fire-place4 ,next take two %ort] logs & use !m = fire-dogs1 & on ^! lay ano!r log & ! arrangem5t w be complete4 ,a fire ( ?is k9d w burn dur+ ! longe/ night & if skillfully made w cause little tr\ble4 ,! fire is f$ by plac+ fuel betwe5 ! front log & ! fire-back4 ,,signal ,,fires ,:5 ! greate/ elevations ( l& are select$ ! smoke signals may be se5 at a di/ance ( f tw5ty to fifty miles4 ,signal fires are usually made ) dry leaves1 grass & we$s or wiry will[s1 balsam b\ghs1 p9e & c$> b\ghs1 because su* mat]ial produces great volumes ( smoke & may be se5 at a long di/ance4 ,! ,apa*es h a simple code :i* might well be adopt$ by all outdoor p4 ,accord+ to ,j4 ,w4 ,p[ell1 ,director ( ,u4 ,s4 ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 ! ,indians use b ?ree k9ds ( signals1 ea* ( :i* consi/s ( columns ( smoke4 ,,al>m ,?ree or m smoke columns reads imp5d+ dang] f flood1 fire or foe4 ,?is signal may be communicat$ f "o camp to ano!r1 s z to al>m a l>ge section ( ! c\ntry 9 rem>kably quick "t4 ,! great] ! ha/e desir$ ! great] ! numb] ( smokes us$4 ,^! fires are (t5 s ha/ily made t !y may resemble puffs ( smoke caus$ by ?r[+ heaps ( grass & leaves ^u ! emb]s aga9 & aga94 ,,att5tion ,?is signal is g5]ally made by produc+ "o cont9u\s column & signifies att5tion = sev]al purposes1 viz41 :5 a b& _h become tir$ ( "o locality1 or ! grass may h be5 consum$ by ! ponies1 or "s o!r cause necessitat$ removal1 or %\ld an enemy be report$ :i* w\ld require fur!r wat*+ be=e a decision z to future action w\ld be made4 ,! int5tion or k ( any?+ unusual w\ld be communicat$ to neighbor+ b&s by caus+ "o column ( smoke to asc5d4 ,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,a ,,camp1 ,,quiet1 ,,safety ,:5 a removal ( camp has be5 made1 aft] ! signal = ,,att5tion has be5 giv51 & ! p>ty h select$ a place :]e !y propose to rema9 until !re may be a necessity or desire = _! removal1 two columns ( smoke are made1 to in=m _! fri5ds t !y propose to rema9 at t place4 ,two columns are also made at o!r times dur+ a long cont9u$ resid5ce1 to in=m ! neighbor+ b&s t a camp /ill exi/s1 & t all is favorable & quiet4 ,!re=e1 ,,?ree or m smokes 9 daylight1 or ,,?ree or m flames at night1 is a signal ( al>m1 ,,"o smoke a signal = att5tion1 ,,two smokes tells u t all is well1 peaceful & happy4 ,,smoke ,,signals ,! usual way ( signall+ ) smoke is to make a smudge fire ( br[se or grass & use a blanket z an ext+ui%]4 ,by cov]+ ! fire ) ! blanket & sudd5ly remov+ x1 a l>ge globul> puff ( smoke is made to sudd5ly appe>1 & is c]ta9 to attract ! att5tion ( anyone :o happ5s to be look+ t[>d ! site ( ! fire4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,fire ,,on ,,! ,,sn[ ,if x is practical x is naturally bett] to %ovel away ! sn[1 b p]sonally ,i h nev] done ?is except 9 case ( newly fall5 sn[4 ,old sn[ :i* is m or less froz5 to ! gr\nd may be tramp$ d[n until x is h>d & !n cov]$ ) a corduroy ( /icks = a he>? 7,figs4 #ee & #ef7 or ) b>k 7,fig4 #eg7 & on top ( ?is floor+ x is a simple matt] to build a fire4 ,use ! turkey-lay 9 :i* "o ( ! /icks acts ! "p ( ! fire-dog 7,fig4 #ef74 ,don't fail to collect a g5]\s supply ( small wood 7,fig4 #eh7 & !n />t ! fire z already direct$ 7,fig4 #eh74 ,! read] w note t 9 all ^! illu/rations 7,figs4 #ee1 #ef & #eg71 !re is ei!r a log or /one or a bank = a back to ! fire-place4 ,:5 ev]y?+ is cov]$ ) sn[ x is p]fectly safe to use a log = a back 7,fig4 #ef7 b on o!r occasions ! log may sm\ld] = a week & !n />t a =e/ fire4 ,no "o b an arrant1 ?\ghtless1 selfi% ,*ee*ako w use a live gr[+ tree aga9/ :i* to build a fire4 ,a real woodcraft kn[s t a fire c ru9 9 a few m9utes a mighty =e/ tree t ,god himself _c replace inside ( f =ty to "o hundr$ ye>s4 ,:ile we are talk+ ( build+ fires 9 ! sn[1 x may be well to rem>k t an un9habitable & inaccessible swamp 9 ! summ] is (t5 ! be/ ( camp+ places 9 ! w9t] "t4 ,! wat] freezes & falls l[] & l[]1 leav+ conv5i5t %elves ( ice 7,fig4 #eg7 = "o's l>d]4 ,! d5se woods & bru% (f] a spl5did b>ri] to ! w9t] w9ds4 ,fig4 #ei %[s an arrangem5t = a w9t] camp-fire4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,fire ,,9 ,,! ,,ra9 ,spread a piece ( b>k on ! gr\nd to s]ve z a he>? on :i* to />t y\r fire4 ,seek dry wood by splitt+ ! log & tak+ ! pieces f ! c5t] ( ! wood1 keep ! wood "u cov] ( y\r t5t1 pon*o1 coat or blanket4 ,also hold a blanket or "s simil> ?+ ov] ! fire :ile y are light+ x4 ,aft] ! blaze beg9s to leap & ! logs to burn freely1 x w practically take a cl\d-bur/ to ext+ui% x4 ,illu/ration3 #ee1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh ,illu/ration3 #ei ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,h[ ,,to ,,lay ,a ,,good ,,cook+ ,,fire ,a ,,p]sonal ,,exp]i5ce ,,on ,,%ort ,,rations ,,! ,,mo/ ,,primitive ,,( ,,cook+ ,,outfits ,,camp ,,pot-,,hooks1 ,,! ,,gall[-,,crook1 ,,! ,,pot-,,claw1 ,,! ,,hake1 ,,! ,,gib1 ,,! ,,speygelia ,,& ,,! ,,sa/] ,,telegraph ,,wire ,,cook+ ,,implem5ts1 ,,wire ,,grid-,,iron1 ,,skeleton ,,camp ,,/ove ,,cook+ ,,fires1 ,,fire-,,dogs1 ,,roa/+ ,,fire-,,lay1 ,,camp-,,fire ,,lay1 ,,belmore ,,lay1 ,,fry+ ,,fire ,,lay1 ,,bak+ ,,fire ,,lay ,,! ,,aures ,,crane ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,h[ ,,to ,,lay ,a ,,good ,,cook+ ,,fire ,,no matt] :]e ! old camp] may be1 no matt] h[ long a "t may h elaps$ s9ce la/ he slept 9 ! op51 no matt] h[ high or l[ a social or (ficial position he may n[ occupy1 x takes b "o :iff ( ! smoke ( an op5 fire1 or "o :iff ( ! aroma ( fry+ bacon1 to s5d him back aga9 to ! lone trail4 ,9 imag9ation he w once m be hov]+ ov] 8 little camp-fire 9 ! des]t1 "u ! %ade ( ! gloomy p9es1 mid ! sn[s ( ,alaska1 9 ! slide rock ( ! ,rockies or mid ! pit* p9es ( ! ,allegh5ies1 z ! case may be4 ,t fa9t h9t 9 ! air ( burn+ firewood or ! delici\s odor ( ! bacon1 = ! mom5t1 w n only wipe f 8 vision 8 desk1 8 pap]s & 8 (fice furniture1 b also all ! artificialities ( life4 ,ev5 ! click+ ( ! typewrit] w turn into ! s\nd ( click+ ho(s1 ! /reets w become canyons1 & ! noise ( traffic ! ro> ( ! m\nta9 torr5t6 ,!re is no use talk+ ab\t x1 !re is no use argu+ ab\t x1 !re is wit*craft 9 ! smell ( ! op5 fire1 & all ! my/]ies & magic ( ! ,arabian ,nights dwell 9 ! odor ( fry+ bacon4 ,"s ye>s ago ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,rice1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,camp-fire ,club ( ,am]ica1 & ,patrick ,cle>y1 a half-bre$ ,indian1 ) ! au?or1 became tempor>ily sep>at$ f _! p>ty 9 ! ,nor!rn wilds4 ,!y f\nd !mselves on a lonely wild]ness lake surr\nd$ by picture m\nta9s1 & dott$ ) tall rocky isl&s cov]$ ) ,*ri/mas trees1 giv+ ! :ole l&scape ! appe>ance ( ! sc5]y "o sometimes sees pa9t$ on drop-curta9s = ! !atre4 ,ev]y?+ 9 sight 0 gr&1 ev]y?+ 0 beautiful1 ev]y?+ 0 built on a g5]\s scale1 ev]y?+ 0 big1 n =gett+ ! voyag]s' appetites6 ,un=tunately ! provisions 7 9 ! miss+ canoe2 dilig5t se>*1 h[ev]1 9 ! bottom ( ,patrick ,cle>y's ditty bag disclos$ ?ree small1 h>d1 r\nd$ lumps1 :i* weeks be=e might h be5 bread2 also a h&ful ( tea mix$ ) smok+ tobacco1 & t 0 all6 ,!re 0 no salt1 no butt]1 no pepp]1 no sug>1 no meat1 no knives1 no =ks1 no spoons1 no cups1 no plates1 no sauc]s & no cook+ ut5sils2 ! p>ty _h no?+ b a few /one-l lumps ( bread & ! weird mixture ( tea & tobacco ) :i* to appease _! big appetites4 ,b 9 ! lake ! tr\t 7 jump+1 & x 0 n long be=e ! hungry m5 _h secur$ a f9e /r+ ( spott$ beauties to add to _! m5u4 ,"u ! roots ( a big spruce tree1 at ! bottom ( a cliff on ! edge ( ! lake1 a f\nta9 ( cold cry/al wat] sp\t$ f ! mossy gr\nd4 ,ne> ?is !y built a fire :ile ,mr4 ,rice fa%ion$ a little box ( bir* b>k1 fill$ x ) wat] & plac$ x ov] ! hot emb]s by re/+ ! ends ( ! box on fire-dogs ( gre5 wood4 ,into ! wat] 9 ! bir* b>k vessel 0 dump$ ! tea 7&--also tobacco76 ,to ! amazem5t & delight ( ! ,indian half-bre$1 ! tea 0 soon boil+4 ,mean:ile ! half-bre$ toa/$ "s tr\t until ! fi% 7 black1 ?is be+ done s t ! *>coal or burnt sk9s might give a flavor to ! fi%1 & 9 a measure comp5sate = ! lack ( salt4 ,! hunks ( bread 7 burn$ until !y 7 black1 n = flavor ?is "t1 b 9 ord] t ! bread might be brittle en\gh to all[ a man to bite into x ) no dang] ( break+ 8 tee? 9 ! attempt4 ,to-day x seems to ! au?or t t banquet on t lonely lake1 miles f ! ne>e/ liv+ human be+1 0 m delici\s & m satisfy+ ?an any ( ! fea/s ( ,bel%azz> he has s9ce att5d$ 9 ! wond] city ( ,new ,york4 ,!re=e1 :5 tak+ up ! subject ( cook+ fire & camp kit*51 he naturally beg9s ) ,,! ,,mo/ ,,primitive ,,( ,,cook+ ,,outfits ,consi/+ ( two upright =k$ /icks & a waugan-/ick to lay across f =k to =k ov] ! fire4 ,or maybe a speygelia-/ick ?ru/ slant+ly into ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! fire1 or p]haps a sa/]-pole on :i* to susp5d or f :i* to dangle1 9 front ( ! fire1 a hunk ( moose meat1 v5ison1 m\nta9 %eep1 m\nta9 goat1 :ale blubb]1 beav]1 skunk1 rabbit1 muskrat1 wood*uck1 squirrel or :atsoev] =tune may s5d4 ,,camp ,,pot-,,hooks ,are ( v>i\s =ms & designs1 b !y are n ! ,s %ap$ ?+s =m]ly s famili> 9 ! big op5 fire-places ( ! old home/eads1 nei!r are !y ! hat$ ,s %ap$ m>ks ) :i* ! boys ( ye/]day 7 wont to /ruggle & disfigure ! pages ( _! writ+ books4 ,if any "o ( ! camp pot-hooks _h be5 drawn 9 ! old-"t writ+ book or copybook1 x w\ld h br\ght d[n ! wra? 7) some?+ else7 ( ! old-fa%ion$ s*ool-ma/]1 ^u ! devot$ head ( ! (f5d+ pupil4 ,= ^! pot-hooks are n regul> 9 =m & ! %ape & designs l>gely dep5d ^u ! available mat]ial f :i* !y are fa%ion$1 & n a little ^u ! individual fancy ( ! camp]4 ,= in/ance ! "o kn[n z ,,! ,,gall[-,,crook ,is n1 z ! "n might imply1 a human crook too intimately associat$ ) ! gall[s1 b on ! contr>y x is a ru/ic & useful bit ( =k$ /ick 7,figs4 #fj1 #fa1 #fb & #fc7 made ( a sapl+4 ,fig4 #fj %[s h[ to select ! sapl+ & :]e to cut x bel[ a good /urdy =k4 ,fig4 #fa %[s ! bit ( sapl+ trimm$ d[n to ! prop] l5g? & ) two =ks1 "o at ea* end4 ,on ! upp] =k y w note t "o prong is a sl5d] ela/ic swit*4 ,fig4 #fb %[s h[ ?is swit* may be b5t d[n & b\nd ) a /r+ or tape made ( gre5 b>k1 & s fa/5$ to ! ma9 /em z to =m a loop :i* w easily slip ov] ! waugan-/ick z 9 ,fig4 #fc4 ,fig4 #fb;,a %[s a h&y hit* ) :i* to make fa/ ! b>k b9d+4 ,:5 ! waugan-/ick has be5 ?ru/ ?r\gh ! loop ( ! gall[-crook1 ! =m] is replac$ 9 ! crot*es ( ! two =k$ /icks1 z 9 ,fig4 #fc1 & ! pot or kettle1 pail or bucket1 is hook$ on to ! l[] =k4 ,y w note t ! l[] =k is ^u ! opposite side ( ! ma9 /ick f t f :i* ! swit* prong ( ! upp] =k spr+s4 ,?is arrangem5t is n necess>y to make ! pot balance prop]ly ov] ! fire2 ! same rule holds good = all ! o!r pot-hooks4,d ,illu/ration3 #fj1 #fa1 #fb1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi1 #fi;,a1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb1 #gc1 #gd ,,! ,,pot-,,claw ,w be be/ und]/ood by inspect+ ! diagrams 7,figs4 #fd1 #fe & #ff71 :i* %[ its evolution or gradual gr[?4 ,by ^! diagrams y w see ! /ick is s cut t ! =k may be hook$ ov] ! waugan-/ick & ! cook+ ut5sils1 pots or kettles may be hung ov] ! fire by slipp+ _! h&les into ! not* cut 9 ! /ick on ! side opposite to ! =k & ne> ! l[] end ( ! pot-claw4 ,?is is a real hone/-to-goodness ,bucksk9 or ,s\rd\gh pot-hook2 x is "o t requires little "t to manufacture & "o t is easily made :]ev] /icks gr[1 or :]ev] :im /icks or driftwood may be f\nd heap$ ^u ! %ore4 ,,! ,,hake ,is easi] to make ?an ! pot-claw4 ,x is a =k$ /ick l ! pot-claw1 b 9 place ( ! not* ne> ! l[] end a nail is driv5 diagonally into ! /ick & ! kettle hung on ! nail 7,figs4 #fg & #fh74 ,! hake possesses ! disadvantage ( mak+ x necess>y = ! camp] to c>ry a supply ( nails 9 8 kit4 ,no ,s\rd\gh on a long & p]il\s trip loads himself d[n ) nails4 ,a hake1 h[ev]1 is a v good model = ,boy ,sc\ts1 ,girl ,pione]s1 & hik]s ( all descriptions :o may g camp+ 9 ! m ?ickly settl$ p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,,! ,,gib ,is possibly a corruption ( gibbet1 b x is a mu* m humane implem5t4 ,x requires a little m "t & a little m skill to make a gib 7,fig4 #fi7 ?an x does to fa%ion ! prec$+ pot-hook4 ,x is a useful hook = /ation>y camps :]e "o has "t to develop m or less intricate cook+ equipm5t4 ,fig4 #fi;,a %[s h[ ! two =k$ /icks are cut to fit toge!r 9 a splice1 & x also %[s h[ ?is splice is nail$ toge!r ) a c\ple ( wire nails1 & ,fig4 #gj %[s h[ ! wire nails are cl9*$4 ,9 a book ( ?is k9d ! details ( all ^! designs are giv5 n because any "o camp] is expect$ to use !m all1 b because !re are times :5 any "o ( !m may be j ! ?+ requir$4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to say t ! mo/ practicable camp pot-hooks are ! pot-claw & ! hake4 ,9 mak+ a pot-claw c>e %\ld be tak5 to cut ! not* on ! opposite side ( ! =k$ bran*1 & at ! o!r end ( ! claw1 deep en\gh to hold ! h&le ( ! cook+ ut5sils securely4 ,:ile ! au?or 0 on an ext5d$ trip 9 ! blu/]+ ,nor? l& 8 p>ty _h a pot-claw z crook$ z a yeggman1 & z knotty z a problem 9 high] ma!matics4 ,:ile !re c be no d\bt t "o ( ! p>ty made ?is hoodoo affair x has nev] yet be5 decid$ to :om ! cr$it belongs--because ( ! innate mode/y ( ! m5 no "o claims ! honor4 ,?is mis%ap5 pot-claw 0 responsible = spill+ ! /ew on sev]al occasions1 n to speak ( los+ ! boil$ rice4 ,luckily "o ( ! p>ty 0 a /olid ,indian1 "o a consi/5t memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 "o a ,sc\t & "o a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 consequ5tly ! air 0 n blue & ! only rem>ks made 71 ,oh my6 ,bless my s\l6 & ,gee willik5s6 ,! cook 9 despair put ! wick$ ?+ 9 ! fire ) mutt]$ h9ts t ! fire might sugge/ ! region :]e su* pot-hooks belong4 ,:ile x burn$ & its evil _s dissolv$ 9 smoke1 ! ,indian made a new pot-claw1 a respectable pot-claw ) a /raight "*1 & a m secure not*4 ,?is "o by its b5ign pres5ce br\ght peace & good w to ! camp & %[$ ! necessity ( tak+ pa9s & us+ c>e 9 ! manufacture ( ev5 s l[ly a ?+ z a pot-claw4 ,! camp pot-hooks %\ld be ( v>i\s l5g?s2 long ones to br+ ! vessels ne> ! fire :]e ! heat is m int5se2 %ort ones to keep ! vessels fur!r f ! fire s t _! cont5ts w n cook b only keep w>m2 & m$ium ones = simm]+ or sl[ cook+4 ,,! ,,speygelia ,is n an ,italian1 b is a long "n = a %ort implem5t4 ,! speygelia is a =k$ /ick or a not*$ /ick 7,figs4 #ga1 #gb & #gc71 :i* is ei!r propp$ up on a =k$ /ick 7,fig4 #ga7 & ! l[] end held d[n by a /one 9 su* a mann] t ! =k at ! upp] end (f]s a place to hang ?+s ov]1 or 9 front ( ! fire1 sometimes a not*$ /ick is us$ 9 ! same mann] z ,fig4 #gc4 ,:]e ! gr\nd is s(t to p]mit x1 ! /ick is driv5 diagonally into ! e>?1 :i* may hold x 9 place )\t o!r support4 ,! speygelia is mu* us$ by c[-pun*]s & o!r p 9 places :]e wood is sc>ce4 ,,! ,,sa/] ,! sa/] is a long pole us$ 9 ! same mann] z ! speygelia4 ,meat is susp5d$ f x 9 front ( ! fire to roa/ 7,figs4 #gd & #ge71 or kettles are susp5d$ f x ov] ! fire to boil wat] 7,fig4 #gd74 ,,telegraph ,,wire ,,cook+ ,,implem5ts ,_m camp]s are fond ( mak+ = !mselves cook+ ut5sils improvis$ f ord9>y telegraph wire4 ,9 ! old "t op5 fire-places ( our gr&sires' kit*5 !re 7 trammels consi/+ ( *a9s hang+ d[n ! *imney on :i* ?+s 7 hook$ by %ort pot-hooks to hang ov] ! fire2 !re 7 also rak5s made ( b&s ( iron ) holes pun*$ 9 !m = ! atta*m5t ( %ort iron pot-hooks 7,fig4 #gf74 ,) ^! anci5t implem5ts 9 _! m9ds1 "s +5i\s camp]s manufacture !mselves rak5s & %ort pot-hooks f telegraph wire 7,fig4 #gg74 ,by twi/+ ! wire 9 a s]ies ( %ort loops1 ea* loop c be made to s]ve z a place = atta*+ ! pot-hooks z did ! holes 9 ! old-fa%ion$ rak5s4 ,! advantages !y claim = ! telegraph wire rak5 are lightness & its possibility ( be+ readily pack$4 ,illu/ration3 #gd1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh1 #gi1 #hj ,on "o ( ^! rak5s "o may hook ! pail z high or z l[ z "o *ooses 7,fig4 #gh72 n only t b "o may 7,fig4 #gi7 put a small pail inside ! l>g] "o1 :]e lat] x is full ( wat]1 = ! purpose ( cook+ c]eal )\t dang] ( scor*+ x4 ,illu/ration3 #ha1 #hb1 #hc1 #hd1 #he1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #hh;,a1 #hh;,b1 #hi1 #ij ,! disadvantage ( all ^! implem5ts is t !y mu/ be tot$ :]ev] "o goes1 & p>ts are sure to be lo/ soon] or lat]1 :]eupon ! camp] mu/ resort to ?+s ) ! b>k on 'em1 l ! gall[-crook1 ! pot-claw1 ! hake1 ! gib1 ! speygelia1 or ! sa/]1 or he may g back to ! fir/ pr9ciples & %>p5 ! =ks ( a gre5 w& & impale !reon ! bacon1 game or fi% t x may be ?us toa/$ ov] ! hot emb]s 7,fig4 #hj74 ,we d n put meat ov] ! fire because x w burn on ! outside be=e x cooks & ! fumes ( ! smoke w spoil its flavor4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,seton1 away up 9 ! b>r5 l&s !y use ! sa/] ) a fan made ( a %+le-l piece ( wood1 fa/5$ ) a hit* to a piece ( wire & a bit ( /r+2 ! w9d--:5 x is good-natur$--w cause ! cord to sp9 r\nd & r\nd4 ,b ! same result is secur$ ) a cord :i* has be5 soak$ 9 wat] to prev5t x f burn+1 & :i* has also be5 twi/$ by sp9n+ ! meat ) "o's h&s 7,fig4 #ge74 ,su* a cord w unw9d & w9d m or less sl[ly = consid]able "t1 ?us caus+ ! meat to expose all sides ( its surface to ! heat ( ! roa/+ fire 9 front ( :i* x hangs4 ,y w note we say 9 front2 aga9 let u impress ^u ! read]'s m9d t he mu/ n hang 8 meat ov] ! flame4 ,9 ,fig4 #ge ! meat is s drawn t "o might mi/ake its position & ?9k x 0 int5d$ to hang ov] ! fire1 :]eas ! int5tion is to hang x 9 front ( ! fire z 9 ,fig4 #gd4 ,9 ! writ]'s boyhood days x 0 8 great delight to hang an apple by a wet /r+ 9 front ( ! op5 fire1 & to wat* x sp9 until ! heat s5t ! juices bubbl+ ?r\gh ! sk9 & ! apple gradually became ?or\ghly roa/$4 ,,! ,,gridiron ,camp]s h be5 kn[n to be s fa/idi\s z to dem& a broil] to g ) _! kit2 at ! same "t !re 0 en\gh ( ! real camp] 9 !m to cause !m to avoid c>ry+ unwieldy broil]s su* z are us$ 9 our kit*5s4 ,consequ5tly !y compromise by pack+ a h&ful ( telegraph wires ( ev5 l5g? ) _! duffel 7,fig4 #ha71 ea* wire hav+ its ends c>efully b5t 9 ! =m ( a hook 7,fig4 #hb71 :i* may be adju/$ ov] two gre5 /icks re/+ ^u two log fire-dogs 7,fig4 #hc71 & ^u ! wires1 s arrang$1 meat & fi% may be nicely broil$4 ,?is is n a bad s*eme1 b ! camp]s %\ld h a little canvas bag 9 :i* !y may pack ! wires1 o!rwise ! camp] w soon] or lat] ?r[ !m away r ?an be annoy$ by los+ "o e n[ & !n4 ,figs4 #hd1 #he1 #hf1 #hg & #hh %[ a little ,,skeleton ,,camp ,,/ove ,+5i\sly devis$ by a ,boy ,pione]4 ,two pieces ( telegraph wire are b5t into a triangul> =m 7,figs4 #hd & #he71 & ! ends ( ! triangle at ,a are left op5 or unjo9$1 s t !y may readily be slipp$ ?r\gh ! loops 9 ! upright wires1 ,b & ,c 7,fig4 #hg71 & ?us =m a take-a-"p skeleton /ove 7,fig4 #hf74 ,! "y fell[ f :om ?is device 0 obta9$ 0 at ! "t us+ an old t9 k]os5e-lamp 7,fig4 #hh;,a7 :i* he =c$ into ! l[] triangle ( ! /ove 7,fig4 #hf71 & :i* ! spr+ ( ! wire ( ! triangle held 9 position 7,fig4 #hh;,b74 ,b if "o is go+ to use ! telegraph wire camp /ove !re is no necessity ( c>ry+ a lamp4 ,! /ove is made s t x may be tak5 ap>t & pack$ easily & ! weight is trifl+1 b a lamp ( any k9d1 or ev5 a lant]n1 is a nuisance to c>ry4 ,! telegraph wire camp /ove1 h[ev]1 may be made by b5d+ ! wires z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ij1 b ! only object 9 s do+ is to develop "o's +5uity1 or = economy sake1 o!rwise "o may pur*ase at ! outfitt]'s fold+ wire camp broil]s = a trifle1 made on ! same pr9ciple & ) legs :i* may be ?ru/ into ! gr\nd surr\nd+ ! fire1 z 9 ,figs4 #hh & #hi1 &1 aft] ! broil] is fold$ 9 ! middle1 ! legs may be fold$ back s t x w all make a flat package4 ,b leav+ ! artificialities ( telegraph wire let u g back to ! real ?+ aga9 & talk ab\t lay+ & light+ a g5u9e ,,camp ,,cook+ ,,fire ,! m c>efully ! fire is plann$ & built ! m easily w ! cook+ be accompli%$4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be consid]$ 9 lay+ "o ( ^! fires is ! ,,fire-,,dogs ,:i* 9 camp are ! same z &irons 9 ! op5 fire-places ( our homes1 & us$ = ! same purpose4 ,b dome/ic &irons are heavy /eel b>s usually ) ornam5tal brass uprights 9 front & !y w\ld be mo/ unh&y = "o to c>ry ^u a camp+ trip1 :ile x w\ld be ! height ( absurdity to ?9k ( tak+ &irons on a real hunt+ or explor+ exp$ition4 ,!re=e1 we use gre5 logs1 sods or /ones = fire-dogs 9 ! wild]ness4 ,frequ5tly we h a back-log aga9/ :i* ! fire-dog re/s2 ?is back-log is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ia4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> case x acts bo? z a back-log & a fire-dog4 ,9 ! plan j above x 7,fig4 #ib71 !re are two logs side by side :i* s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( fire-dogs & = sides ( ! kit*5 /ove 7,fig4 #ic74 ,fig4 #id %[s ,,! ,,lay ,,( ,a ,,roa/+ ,,fire ,sometimes call$ ! r\nd fire4 ,! back is laid up log-cab9 /yle & ! front is left op54 ,9 ! op5 enclosure ! fire is built by /icks be+ laid up l ^? 9 ,fig4 #ia4 ,! logs on all ?ree sides radiate ! heat & :5 ! meat is hung 9 front ( ?is1 susp5d$ f ! end ( ! sa/] 7,fig4 #gd71 x is easily & ?or\ghly roa/$4 ,,! ,,camp-,,fire ,is built ) an eye to two purposes3 "o is to reflect heat into ! op5 t5t 9 front1 & ! o!r is to s con/ruct x t x may la/ a long "t4 ,:5 "o builds a camp-fire "o wants to be able to roll up 9 "o's blanket & sleep ) ! com=t+ conviction t ! fire w la/ until morn+4 ,! camp-fire is made ) two fire-dogs pu%$ back aga9/ a back log 7,fig4 #ie;,a & ,b71 :i* =m ! f\ndation = ! camp-fire4 ,two upright gre5 /icks ,c 7,fig4 #ie7 are plac$ 9 a slant+ position & support$ by o!r /icks1 ,d 7,fig4 #ie71 ! top ends ( :i* re/ 9 not*es cut 9 ,c /ick at ,e 7,fig4 #ie71 & ! bottom ends ( :i* are ?ru/ into ! gr\nd4 ,aga9/ ! upright /icks ,c1 & ! logs ,f are heap$ to =m ! back ( ! fire4 ,! fire is !n built on ! two fire-dogs ,,aa1 & aga9/ ! ,f logs1 ! latt] w burn sl[ly & at ! same "t reflect ! heat into ! op5 t5t front4 ,?is same fire is sometimes us$ = a bak+ fire1 b ! real fire = ?is purpose is made by ! ,,belmore ,,lay ,figs4 #if & #ig4 ,! fir/ sket* %[s ! plan & ! second ! p]spective view ( ! fire4 ,! /ove is made by two side logs or fire-dogs ov] :i* ! fire is built & aft] x has fall5 91 a mass ( r$ hot emb]s1 betwe5 ! fire-dogs1 two logs are laid across ! dogs & "o log is plac$ atop1 s t ! flame !n comes up 9 front ( !m 7,fig4 #ig7 & s5ds ! heat aga9/ ! bread or bannock4 ,illu/ration3 #ic1 #id1 #ie1 #if1 #ig ,at a conv5i5t di/ance 9 front ( ! fuel logs1 a waugan-/ick is plac$1 rea*+ f "o fire-dog to ! o!r4 ,9 wild]ness "w ! fry+ pan is ab\t ! only dome/ic ut5sil c>ri$ & is us$ z a toa/]1 a bak]1 a broil]1 a fry]1 & a /ew pan all comb9$4 ,9 x ! ,bucksk9 man & ! ,s\rd\gh make _! bread1 & aft] ! bread has be5 bak$ ov] ! coals on ! bottom1 x is br[n$ nicely on its top by tilt+ ! pans 9 front ( ! fire & re/+ _! h&les aga9/ ! waugan-/ick 7,fig4 #ig74 ,i h se5 ! bak+ fire us$ f ,briti% ,columbia to ,florida1 b x 0 ! explor]1 ,capta9 ,belmore ,br[ne1 :o %[$ me ! use ( ! waugan-/ick 9 connection ) ! bak+ fire1 h5ce ,i h call$ ?is ! ,belmore ,lay4 ,a ,,fry+ ,,fire ,is built betwe5 two logs1 two r[s ( /ones1 or sods 7,figs4 #ih1 #ii & #ajj72 betwe5 ^! logs ! fire is usually built1 us+ ! sides z fire-dogs1 or ! /icks may be plac$ 9 ! turkey-lay 7,fig4 #ajj71 s t ! /icks !mselves make a fire-dog & all[1 = a "t1 a draught until ! fire is burn+ briskly1 aft] :i* x settles d[n to hot emb]s & is 9 ! prop] condition = fry+4 ,= be x kn[n t too hot a griddle w set ! grease or bacon afire1 :i* may be funny "u ord9>y circum/ances1 b :5 "o is %y ( bacon x is a s]i\s ?+4 ,! ,,ord9>y ,,bak+ ,,fire ,,lay ,is %[n by ,fig4 #aja4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 ! fry+ pans be+ us$ z reflector ov5s are propp$ up by runn+ /icks ?r\gh ! holes 9 _! h&les4 ,,! ,,aures ,is a ru/ic crane made exactly ( ! same =m z are ! cranes ( ! old-fa%ion$ op5 fire-places1 b +5i\sly fa%ion$ f a c>efully select$ gre5 /ick ) two =ks 7,fig4 #ajb74 ,! long end ( ! ma9 bran* is sev]$ at ,a 7,fig4 #ajb71 c>e be+ tak5 n to cut ?r\gh ! gre5 b>k1 ,b 7,fig4 #ajb74 ,! b>k ( ! latt]1 ,b1 is !n b5t ov] ! /ub1 ,a 7,fig4 #ajb71 =m+ a loop1 ,c 7,fig4 #ajc71 :i* is la%$ ) gre5 b>k to ! ma9 /ick & slipp$ ov] ! upright1 ,d 7,fig4 #ajd74 ,! =k at ,e braces ! crane & holds x 9 a horizontal position1 re/+ on a /ub left on ,d = t purpose4 ,h[ practicable ?is ?+ may be dep5ds altoge!r ^u ! "t & skill "o has at "o's disposal4 ,"o w\ld h>dly use ! ,aures = a s+le night camp1 b if "o 7 to sp5d a week 9 ! same camp1 x w\ld be well wor? :ile & at ! same "t v int]e/+ "w to manufacture a neat ,aures crane = ! camp kit*54 ,! next /ep 9 camp kit*5 fires w include :at might be t]m$ ! pit fires1 :i* w be describ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,y h be5 told h[ to select ! firewood1 make ! k9dl+ & />t a fire 9 ! prec$+ *apt] on h[ to build a fire2 all y h to rememb] n[ is t 9 c]ta9 p>ticul>s all fires are alike2 !y all mu/ h air to brea! & food to eat or !y w n live4 ,9 ! case ( ! fire we d n call ! air brea?1 b we give x a free circulation & call x a draught4 ,wood is ! food t ! fire eats & x mu/ be dige/ible1 a fire ) indige/ion is a fire f$ ) punky1 damp wood c>elessly ?r[n toge!r 9 place ( well-select$ dry split wood :i* ! fire c consume cleanly1 dige/ ev5ly1 & at ! same "t give out ! greate/ am\nt ( heat4 ,illu/ration3 #ih1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd ,to produce a draught ! fire mu/1 ( c\rse1 be rais$ f ! gr\nd1 b d n build x 9 a c>eless mann] l a pile ( jack-/raws4 ,su* a fire may />t all "r1 b :5 ! support+ /icks h burn$ away x w fall 9 a heap & precipitate ! cook+ ut5sils into ! flames1 upsett+ ! c(fee or teapot1 & dump+ ! bacon f ! fry+ pan into ! fire4 ,be x man1 woman1 boy or girl1 if he1 %e or x expects to be a camp]1 he1 or %e or x mu/ le>n to be ord]ly & tidy ar\nd camp4 ,no matt] h[ soil$ "o's clo!s may be1 no matt] h[ grimy "o's face may look1 ! gr\nd ar\nd ! camp-fire mu/ be clean1 & ! cook+ ut5sils & fire wood1 pot-hooks & waugan-/icks1 all ord]ly & z c>efully arrang$ z if ! milit>y (fic] 0 expect$ ! next m9ute to make an inspection4 ,all my read]s mu/ rememb] t ,,by ,,_! ,,camp-,,fire ,,!y ,,w ,,be ,,kn[n & siz$ up z ! real ?+ or z *umps1 duff]s1 t5d]feet & *ee*akos1 by ! fir/ ,s\rd\gh or old-tim] :o cuts _! trails4 ,,footnote3 ,d ,! pots w balance bett] if ! not*es are on ! same side4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,camp ,,kit*5s ,,camp ,,pit-,,fires1 ,,bean ,,holes ,,c[-,,boy ,,fire-,,hole ,,*9ook ,,cook+ ,,fire-,,hole ,,b>becue-,,pits ,,! ,,gold ,,digg]',s ,,ov5 ,,! ,,f]guson ,,camp ,,/ove ,,! ,,adobe ,,ov5 ,,! ,,alt> ,,campfire ,,place ,,camp ,,kit*5 ,,= ,,hik]s1 ,,sc\ts1 ,,explor]s1 ,,surveyors1 ,,& ,,hunt]s ,,h[ ,,to ,,cook ,,meat1 ,,fi%1 ,,& ,,bread ,,)\t ,,pots1 ,,pans ,,or ,,/oves ,,dress+ ,,small ,,animals ,,h[ ,,to ,,b>becue ,,l>ge ,,animals ,,*apt] ,v ,,camp ,,kit*5s ,,real camp kit*5s are naught b well arrang$ fire-places ) ru/ic cranes & pot-hooks z already describ$1 b 9 de=e/$ c\ntries1 or on ! pla9s & prairies1 pit-fires are mu* 9 vogue4 ,! pit itself %elt]s ! fire on ! w9dswept pla91 :i* is d\bly necess>y because ( ! unprotect$ nature ( su* camp+ places1 & because ( ! k9d ( fuel us$4 ,buffalo-*ips 7 =m]ly us$ on ! ,we/]n pla9s1 b !y are n[ sup]s$$ by cattle *ips4 ,! buffalo-*ip fire 0 ! cook+ fire ( ! ,bucksk9-clad long-hair$ pla9sm5 & ! equally picturesque c[boy2 b ! buffalo h]ds h long s9ce hit ! trail ov] ! ,great ,divide :]e all tracks po9t "o way1 ! s\nd ( ! ?und] ( _! feet has di$ away =ev]1 z has also ! :oop ( ! pa9t$ ,indians4 ,! romantic & picturesque pla9sm5 & ! wild & rollick+ c[boys h foll[$ ! h]ds ( buffalo & ! long l9es ( prairie s*oon]s are a ?+ ( ! pa/1 b ! pit-fires ( ! hunt]s are /ill 9 use4 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,simple ,,pit-,,fire ,is a %all[ tr5* dug 9 ! gr\nd1 on ea* side ( :i* two logs are plac$2 9 ! pit betwe5 ! logs a fire is built 7,fig4 #aje71 b probably ! mo/ celebrat$ pit-fire is ! fireless cook] ( ! camp1 kn[n & lov$ by all "u ! "n ( ,,! ,,bean ,,hole ,fig4 #ajf %[s a half section ( a bean hole l9$ ) /ones4 ,! bean hole may1 h[ev]1 be l9$ ) clay or simply ! damp e>? left 9 its natural /ate4 ,?is pit-fire place is us$ diff]5tly f ! prec$+ "o1 = 9 ! bean hole ! fire is built & burns until ! sides are heat$ good & hot1 !n ! fire is remov$ & ! bean pot put 9 place1 aft] :i* ! :ole ?+ is cov]$ up ) a%es & e>? & all[$ to cook at its leisure4 ,,! ,,c[boy ,,pit-,,fire ,! c[boy pit-fire is simply a tr5* dug 9 ! e>? 7,fig4 #ajg71 ) a bas9-%ap$ hole at ! beg9n+4 ,:5 obta9able1 /icks are laid across ! tr5* & sods laid ^u ! top ( ! /icks4 ,fig4 #ajg %[s a section ( view ( ! pit-fire & tr5* *imney1 & ,fig4 #ajh %[s ! top view ( ! same4 ,9 remov+ ! sod "o %\ld be c>eful n to break !m1 !n ev5 ?\gh !re be no /icks "o may be able to cov] ! draught *imney ) ! sods !mselves by all[+ !m to bridge ! tr5*4 ,at ! end ( ! tr5* ! sods are built up1 mak+ a %ort smoke/ack4 ,illu/ration3 #aje1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac ,,! ,,*9ook ,,fire-,,pit ,! *9ook fire-pit is "o :i* is us$ 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & seems to be a comb9ation ( ! ord9>y camp fire-dogs ) cross logs & ! c[boy fire-pit4 ,fig4 #aji %[s a p]spective view ( ?is lay4 ,fig4 #aaj %[s ! top view ( plan ( ! lay4 ,fig4 #aaa %[s a /eep] p]spective view ?an t ( ,fig4 #aji1 & ,fig4 #aab %[s a sectional view4 ,by exam9+ ! sectional view & also ! deep] p]spective view1 z well z ! plan1 y w note t ! two logs are plac$ across ! fire-dogs ) space betwe54 ,! back-log is plac$ ^u ! top ( ano!r back-log ,a & ,b 7,fig4 #aab74 ,! fire-dogs h _! ends %ov$ aga9/ ! bottom back-logs ,b1 ! two back-logs are kept 9 place by ! /akes ,c1 ,c4 ,betwe5 ! two top logs ,d & ,a 7,figs4 #aab & #aaj71 ! small] fuel or split wood is plac$4 ,z ! fire burns ! hot coals drop into ! pit1 & :5 suffici5t quantity ( emb]s are !re !y may be rak$ =w>d & ! fry+ pan plac$ on top ( !m 7,fig4 #aab74 ,! *9ook fire is good = bak+1 fry+1 broil+1 toa/+1 & is an excell5t all-ar\nd kit*5 camp /ove4 ,,! ,,hobo ,is c>elessly built1 a fire-place usually surr\nd+ a %all[ pit1 ! sides built up ) sods or /ones4 ,! hobo answ]s = a ha/y fire ov] :i* to boil ! kettle 7,fig4 #aac74 ,at ! old-fa%ion$ b>becue :]e our ance/ors roa/$ :ole ox51 ! ox 0 plac$ on a huge spit1 :i* 0 turn$ ) a crank h&le1 v simil> to ! old-fa%ion$ well h&le z us$ ) a rope or *a9 & bucket4 ,,! ,,b>becue-,,pit ,is us$ at ^? fea/s 7,fig4 #aad71 :]e !y broil or roa/ a :ole %eep1 de] or pig4 ,at a late meet ( ! ,camp-fire ,club ( ,am]ica !y ?us b>becu$ a pig4 ,! fire-pit is ab\t f\r feet wide & f\r feet deep & is long en\gh 7,fig4 #aad7 to all[ a fire to be built at ea* end ( ! pit1 !re be+ no fire "u ! meat itself = ! v good reason t ! melt$ fat w\ld drop into ! fire1 cause x to blaze up1 smoke & spoil ! meat4 ,! late ,hom] ,dav5port 7! old-"t & fam\s c>tooni/7 "s ye>s ago gave a b>becue at 8 wild animal f>m 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,:5 ,dav5port 0 n draw+ c>toons he 0 rais+ wild animals4 ,at ! ,dav5port b>becue !re 0 a fire-pit dug 9 ! side ( ! bank 7,fig4 #aae72 su* an arrangem5t is kn[n z ,,! ,,bank-,,pit ,9 ! diagram x w be se5 t ! c>cass is fa/5$ to a spit ( gre5 wood1 :i* runs ?ru a hole 9 a cross log & fits 9 ! socket ,d 9 ! bottom log2 ! spit is turn$ by h&les arrang$ l ,a1 ,b or ,c4 ,! pit is l9$ ) ei!r /ones or bricks1 :i* are heat$ by a ro>+ big fire until hot en\gh to bake ! meat4 ,illu/ration3 #aad1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aag ,,! ,,gold ,,digg] ,is ano!r bank pit1 & "o t ,i h se5 us$ 9 ,montana by ,japanese railroad h&s4 ,x is made by digg+ a hole 9 ! bank & us+ %elves ei!r made ( /ones or old pieces ( iron4 ,fig4 #aaf %[s ! cross section ( ! ,gold ,digg] ) ! /one door 9 place4 ,fig4 #aag %[s a p]spective view ( ! gold digg] ) ! /one door re/+ at "o side4 ,illu/ration3 #aah1 #aai ,,! ,,f]guson ,,camp/ove ,we next come to ! ov5s1 ! fir/ ( :i* is kn[n z ,,! ,,f]guson ,,camp ,,/ove4 ,x is made by build+ a r\nd$ hut ( /ones or sod 7,fig4 #aah71 & cov]+ ! same ) bran*es ov] :i* sod1 or clay1 or dirt is heap$ 7,fig4 #aai74 ,! ov5 is heat$ by build+ ! fire inside ( x1 & :5 x is v hot & ! fire has burn$ d[n1 ! food is plac$ inside & ! op5+ /opp$ up s z to reta9 ! heat & ?us cook ! food4 ,,! ,,adobe ,is "o t ! soldi]s 9 ,civil ,w> days taught ! au?or to build4 ,! boys 9 blue g5]ally us$ an old b>rel ) ! two heads knock$ out 7,fig4 #aba74 ,?is !y ei!r set 9 ! bank or cov]$ ) clay 7,fig4 #abj71 & 9 x !y built _! fires :i* consum$ ! b>rel b left ! bak$ clay = ! sides ( ! ov54 ,! head ( ! b>rel 7,fig4 #aba;,a7 0 sav$ & us$ to /op up ! front ( ! ov5 :5 bak+ 0 be+ done2 a /one or sod 0 us$ to cov] up ! *imney hole4 ,figs4 #abb1 #abc1 #abd & #abe %[ h[ to make an ,adobe by braid+ gre5 /icks toge!r & !n cov]+ ! same ) clay1 aft] :i* x is us$ 9 ! same mann] z ! prec$+ b>rel ov54 ,,! ,,matasiso ,is a camp /ove or fire-place1 & a =m ( ! s-call$ ,alt> ,fire-place1 ! object ( :i* is to save "o's back :ile cook+4 ,! matasiso is built up ( /ones or sods 7,fig4 #abf7 & us$ l any o!r campfire4 ,,! ,,bank ,,lick ,is a camp /ove :i* ! boys ( ! troop ( ,boone ,sc\ts1 :o frequ5t$ ,bank ,lick 9 old ,k5tucky1 7 wont to build & on x to cook ! big *annel catfi%1 or little pond bass or o!r food4 ,! ,bank ,lick is made ( flat /ones & is "o or two /ories high 7,figs4 #abg & #abh74 ,! ,boone ,sc\ts fl\ri%$ 9 ,k5ton ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 fifty odd ye>s ago4 ,illu/ration3 #abj1 #aba1 #aba;,a1 #abb1 #abc1 #abd1 #abe ,,! ,,alt> ,,fire-,,place ,is built ( logs 7,fig4 #acb71 ( /ones1 ( sod1 or ( logs fill$ ) sods or /one 7,fig4 #aca71 & topp$ ) clay 7,figs4 #acj & #acb74 ,! clay top be+ wid] at "o end ?an ! o!r1 on ! plan ( ! well-kn[n campfire 7,fig4 #abi71 is made ) /ones & sometimes us$ :5 clay is unobta9able4 ,illu/ration3 #abf1 #abg1 #abh ,illu/ration3 #abi1 #acj1 #aca1 #acb ,,! ,,alt> ,,camp ,,fire-,,place ,! advantage ( ! alt> fire & ! matasiso is t ! cook does n h to get ! backa*e ov] ! fire :ile he cooks4 ,all ( ^! ov5s & fire-places are suitable = m or less p]man5t camps1 b x is n wor? :ile to build ^! ov5s & alt> fire-places = quick & %ort camps4 ,,cook+ ,,)\t ,,pots1 ,,pans ,,or ,,/oves ,x is prop] & "r 9 treat+ camp cook+ t we %\ld beg9 ) ! mo/ primitive me?ods4 ,= :5 "o has no cook+ ut5sils except ^? fa%ion$ f ! mat]ial at h&1 he mu/1 9 ord] to prep>e appetiz+ food1 display a real k ( woodcraft4 ,illu/ration3 #acc1 #acd1 #ace1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada1 #adb1 #adc1 #add1 #ade1 #adf ,,primitive ,,cook+ ,,ut5sils ,!re=e1 />t by spe>+ ! meat on a gre5 twig ( sweet bir*1 or "s simil> wood1 & toa/ x be=e ! fire or p9* ! meat betwe5 ! split ends ( a twig 7,fig4 #acc7 or bett] /ill ,,=k ,,x ,9 ord] to d ?is select a w& ) a =k to x1 trim (f ! prongs ( ! =ks1 leav+ !m r long 7,fig4 #acd71 !n %>p5 ! ends ( ! prongs & weave !m 9 & out ne> ! edges ( ! meat 7,fig4 #ace71 :i* is done by draw+ ! prongs slightly toge!r be=e impal+ ! meat on ! second prong4 ,! natural spr+ & ela/icity ( ! bran*es w /ret* ! meat nice & flat 7,fig4 #ace71 ready to toa/ 9 front ( ! flames1 n ov] ! flame4 ,a v ?ick /eak ( moose meat or beef may be cook$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,rememb] to h fire-dogs & a good back log2 !re w !n be hot coals "u ! front log & flame aga9/ ! back log to furni% heat = ! meat 9 front4 ,turn ! meat e few m9utes & d n salt x until x is ab\t done4 ,any sort ( meat c be ?us cook$2 x is a favorite way ( toa/+ bacon among ! sportsm51 & ,i h se5 *ick5s beautifully broil$ ) no cook+ implem5ts b ! =k$ /ick4 ,?is 0 done by splitt+ ! *ick5 op5 & runn+ ! =ks ?r\gh ! legs & sides ( ! f[l4 ,,pull$ ,,firebread ,,or ,,twi/ ,twi/ is a ,boy ,sc\t's "n = ?is sort ( bread4 ,! twi/ is made ( d\gh & roll$ betwe5 ! palms ( ! h&s until x becomes a long ?ick rope 7,fig4 #ach71 !n x is wrapp$ spirally ar\nd a dry /ick 7,fig4 #aci71 or "o ) b>k on x 7,fig4 #acg74 ,! coils %\ld be close toge!r b )\t t\*+ ea* o!r4 ,! /ick is n[ re/$ 9 ! =ks ( two uprights1 or on two /ones 9 front ( ! roa/+ fire 7,figs4 #adj & #ada71 or ov] ! hot coals ( a pit-fire4 ,! long end ( ! /ick on :i* ! twi/ is coil$ is us$ = a h&le to turn ! twi/ s t x may be nicely br[n$ on all sides1 or x may be set upright 9 front ( ! flames 7,fig4 #adb74 ,a ,,hoe ,,cake ,may be cook$ 9 ! same mann] t "o planks a %ad3 t is1 by pla/]+ x on ! flat face ( a pun*eon or bo>d1 split f ! trunk ( a tree 7,fig4 #ade71 or flat clean /one1 & propp+ x up 9 front ( ! fire z "o w\ld :5 cook+ 9 a reflect+ ov5 7,fig4 #adf74 ,:5 ! cake is cook$ on "o side x c be turn$ ov] by us+ a hunt+ knife or a little paddle :ittl$ out ( a /ick = t purpose1 & !n cook$ ^u ! opposite side4 ,or a flat /one may be plac$ ov] ! fire & us$ z a fry+ pan 7,figs4 #aaf & #abh74 ,i h cook$ a l>ge *annel catfi% 9 ?is mann] & f\nd t x 0 unnecess>y to sk9 ! fi% because1 !re be+ no grease1 ! sk9 adh]$ firmly to ! hot /one1 leav+ ! :ite meat flaky & delicate1 all ready to be pick$ out ) a jack-knife or ) *op/icks1 :ittl$ out ( twigs4 ,,meat ,,hooks ,may be made ( =k$ bran*es 7,figs4 #aea1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aed & #aee74 ,^u ?is hook meat maybe susp5d$ be=e ! fire 7,fig4 #aec7 by a piece ( tw9e made f ! twi/$ gre5 b>k ( a milkwe$ or "s o!r fibr\s plant /alk or tree b>k1 or a wet /r+ w d if y h "o4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,dress ,,small ,,animals ,dress+ 9 ?is case really means undress+1 tak+ _! coats (f & remov+ _! insides4 ,9 ord] to prep>e = broil+ or bak+ any ( ! small fur-be>+ animals1 make y\rself a sk9n+ /ick1 us+ = ! purpose a =k$ bran*2 ! =ks be+ ab\t an in* 9 diamet]1 make ! l5g? ( ! /ick to suit y\r conv5i5ce1 t is1 long en\gh to rea* betwe5 ! knees :e!r y are sitt+ on a camp /ool or squatt+ on ! gr\nd1 %>p5 ! l[] end ( ! /ick & ?ru/ x into ! gr\nd1 !n take y\r coon1 possum1 squirrel or muskrat1 & pun* ! po9t$ ends ( ! =k$ /ick ?ru ! ?9 place at ! po9t :i* corresponds to y\r own heel1 j z ! /ick 9 ,fig4 #aee is pun*$ ?r\gh ! ?9 place beh9d ! heels ( ! small animals !re sket*$4 ,?us hung ! animal may be dress$ ) com=t to ! workm54 ,if "o is squatt+1 ! nose ( ! animal %\ld j cle> ! gr\nd4 ,fir/ take (f ! fur coat4 ,to d ?is y split ! sk9 ) a %>p knife1 beg9n+ at ! c5t] ( ! ?roat & cut to ! base ( ! tail1 be+ c>eful n to cut deep en\gh to p5etrate ! inside sk9 or sack :i* conta9s ! inte/9es2 :5 ! base ( ! tail is rea*$1 use y\r f+]s to roll back ! sk94 ,if sk9n+ = ! pelt1 foll[ directions giv5 lat]1 b d n de/roy any sk9 z ! hide is useful = _m purposes ar\nd camp4 ,aft] ! coat is remov$ & all ! int]nal organs tak5 out1 remove ! sc5t gl&s f su* animals z h !m1 & make a cut 9 ! =e>ms & ! meaty p>ts ( ! ?igh1 & cut out ! little :ite ?+s :i* look l n]ves1 to be f\nd !re4 ,?is w prev5t ! fle% f hav+ a /rong or musky ta/e :5 x is cook$4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,b>becue ,a ,,de]1 ,,or ,,%eep ,fir/ dress ! c>cass & !n /ret* x on a framework ( black bir* /icks1 = ?is sweet wood imp>ts no disagreeable odor or ta/e to ! meat4 ,next build a big fire at ea* end ( ! pit 7,fig4 #aad71 n "r "u ! body ( ! animal1 b s arrang$ t :5 ! melt$ fat drops f ! c>cass x w n fall on ! hot coals to blaze up & spoil y\r b>becue4 ,build big fires ) pl5ty ( small /icks s z to make good r$ hot coals be=e y put ! meat on to cook4 ,fir/ bake ! inside ( ! b>becu$ bea/1 !n turn x ov] & bake ! outside4 ,to be well done1 an animal ! size ( a %eep %\ld be cook+ at lea/ sev5 or eight h\rs ov] a *>coal fire4 ,ba/e ! meat ) melt$ bacon fat mix$ ) any sauce y may h or no sauce at all1 = bacon fat itself is good en\gh = anyone1 or use hot salt wat]4 ,( c\rse1 x is mu* bett] to use *>coal = ?is purpose1 b *>coal is n always h&y4 ,"o c1 h[ev]1 ,,make ,,"o',s ,,own ,,*>coal ,a day or two ahead ( ! b>becue day1 by build+ big fires ( wood ab\t ! ?ickness ( "o's wri/4 ,aft] ! fire has be5 burn+ briskly = a :ile1 x %\ld be cov]$ up ) a%es or dirt & all[$ to sm\ld] all night1 & turn ! wood into *>coal 9 place ( consum+ x4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,d\gh ,roll ! top ( y\r fl\r bag back 7,fig4 #acf71 !n build a cone ( fl\r 9 ! middle ( ! bag & make a crat] 9 ! top ( ! fl\r m\nta94 ,9 ! crat] dump a heap+ teaspoon--or1 to use ,mr4 ,vreel&'s expression1 put 9 "o & a half heap+ teaspoonfuls ( bak+ p[d]1 to :i* add a half spoonful ( salt2 mix ^! toge!r ) ! dry fl\r1 & :5 ?is is ?or\ghly done beg9 to p\r wat] into ! crat]1 a little at a "t1 mix+ ! d\gh z y "w by /irr+ x ar\nd inside y\r m9iature volcano4 ,gradually ! fl\r w slide f ! sides into ! lava ( ! c5t]1 z ! wat] is p\r$ 9 & c>e tak5 to avoid lumps4 ,make ! d\gh z s(t z may be1 n batt] b v s(t d\gh1 /iff en\gh1 h[ev]1 to roll betwe5 y\r well-fl\r$ h&s4 ,,bak$ ,,potatoes ,put ! potatoes ) _! sk9s on !m on a b$ ( hot emb]s two or ?ree in*es ?ick1 !n cov] ! potatoes ) m hot coals4 ,if ?is is done prop]ly ! spuds w cook sl[ly1 ev5 ) ! fire burn+ above !m4 ,don't be a *ump & ?r[ ! potatoes 9 ! fire :]e ! out] r9d w burn to *>coal :ile ! inside rema9s raw4 ,,mud ,,cook+ ,9 prep>+ a small & t5d] fi%1 :]e possible1 ! po9t "u ! head1 :]e ! gills meet1 is cut1 f+]s ?ru/ 9 & ! entrails drawn ?r\gh ?is op5+2 ! fi% is !n wa%$1 clean$ & wrapp$ 9 a coat+ ( pap] or fall5 leaves1 be=e ! clay is appli$4 ,place ! fi% ^u a pancake ( /iff clay 7,fig4 #adg71 fold ! clay ov] ! fi% 7,fig4 #adh71 press ! edges toge!r1 ?us mak+ a clay dumpl+ 7,fig4 #adi72 cook by bury+ ! dumpl+ 9 ! emb]s ( an ord9>y surface fire1 or 9 ! emb]s 9 a pit-fire 7,fig4 #aej74 ,a brace ( p>tridges may be behead$1 drawn1 wa%$ out ?or\ghly & /uff$ ) f9e scraps ( *opp$ bacon or pork1 mix$ ) bread crumbs1 g5]\sly season$ ) salt1 pepp] & sage1 if y h any ( ! latt]4 ,! birds ) ! fea!rs on !m are !n pla/]$ ov] ) clean clay made s(t en\gh to /ick to ! fea!rs1 ! outside is wrapp$ ) /iff] clay & ! :ole mold$ into a ball1 :i* is buri$ deep 9 ! gl[+ c9d]s & all[$ to rema9 !re = an h\r1 & at ! end ( t "t ! clay w (t5 be almo/ z h>d z pott]y & mu/ be brok5 op5 ) a /ick4 ,:5 ! outside clay comes (f ! fea!rs w come ) x1 leav+ ! da9ty :ite meat ( ! bird all ready to be dev\r$4 ,wood*ucks1 raccoons1 opossums1 porcup9es1 rabbits _h bett] be b>becu$ 7see ,figs4 #aad1 #aae & #aee71 b squirrels & small creatures may be bak$ by fir/ remov+ ! insides ( ! creatures1 clean+ !m1 fill+ ! holl[ ) bread crumbs1 *opp$ bacon & onions1 !n clos+ ! op5+ & pla/]+ ! bodies ov] ) /iff clay & bak+ !m 9 ! emb]s4 ,?is seals ! meat inside ( ! mud wrapp] & :5 x is cook$ & ! brick-l clay brok5 (f1 ! sk9 comes (f ) ! brok5 clay1 leav+ ! juicy meat expos$ to view4 ,illu/ration3 #adg1 #adh1 #adi1 #aej1 #aea1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aed1 #aee1 #aef1 #aeg1 #aeh1 #aei1 #afj ,,to ,,plank ,a ,,fi% ,cut (f ! head ( ! fi% & clean by splitt+ x ?r\gh ! back1 9 place ( ! usual way ( splitt+ up ! belly4 ,to salt r$ meat be=e y cook x is to make x dry & t\gh1 b ! fi% %\ld be salt$ :ile x is damp ) its own juices4 ,heat ! plank 9 front ( ! fire & !n spread y\r fi% out flat on ! hot pun*eon or plank1 & ) y\r hunt+ knife press ^u x1 make slit holes ?r\gh ! fi% 7,fig4 #ade7 ) ! gra9 ( ! wood2 tack y\r fi% on ) wood5 pegs cut w$ge %ape & driv5 9 ! slits made by y\r knife blade 7,figs4 #adc & #add74 ,prop ! pun*eon up 9 front ( a fire :i* has a good back-log & pl5ty ( hot coals to s5d out heat 7,fig4 #adf74;,e ,,heat+ ,,wat] ,wat] may be boil$ 9 a bir* b>k vessel made by fold+ up a m or less squ>e piece ( b>k1 b5d+ 9 ! corn] 7,fig4 #aeg7 folds & hold+ !m 9 place by ?orns or sliv]s 7,fig4 #aef74 ,or ! /oma* ( a l>ge animal or piece ( gre5 hide may be fill$ ) wat] & ! latt] made hot by ?r[+ 9 x hot /ones 7,fig4 #aeh74 ,dig a hole 9 ! gr\nd1 fit ! ra:ide 9 ! hole1 br++ ! edges up s z to ov]lap ! sod1 weigh d[n ! edges ) /ones1 fill ! hide ) wat] & heat ) hot /ones4 ,figs4 #aei & #afj %[ h[ to make tongs ) :i* to h&le ! /ones4 ,,footnote3 ,e ,! be/ plank is made f ! oaks gr[n on ! hammocks ( ,s\!rn ,florida & ! peculi> flavor ?is plank gives to %ad has made ,plank$ ,%ad fam\s4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,camp ,,food ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,a% ,,cake1 ,,pone1 ,,corn ,,dodg]s1 ,,flapjacks1 ,,johnny-,,cake1 ,,biscuits ,,& ,,d\ghgod ,,mak+ ,,dut* ,,ov5s ,,v5ison ,,banquets ,,9 ,,! ,,op5 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cook ,,beav] ,,tail1 ,,porcup9es ,,& ,,muskrats ,,camp ,,/ews1 ,,brunswick ,,/ews ,,& ,,burgoos ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,camp ,,food ,,p>*$ ,,corn ,,z ,,food ,,:5 ,am]ica gave ,indian corn to ! _w %e gave x a priceless gift full ( cond5s$ pep4 ,corn 9 its v>i\s =ms is a wond]ful food p[]2 ) a long1 n>r[ bucksk9 bag ( nocake1 or rock-a-hom9y1 z p>*$ crack$ corn 0 call$1 swung ^u 8 back1 an ,indian or a :ite man c\ld trav]se ! cont95t indep5d5t ( game & nev] suff] hung]4 ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,george ,rodg]s ,cl>k1 ,boone1 ,k5ton1 ,crockett1 & ,c>son all knew ! su/a9+ value ( p>*$ corn4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,dry ,,corn ,! pione] f>m]s 9 ,am]ica & _m ( _! desc5dants up to ! pres5t "t1 dry _! ,indian corn by ! me?ods ! e>ly ,am]icans le>n$ f ! ,indians4 ,! corn dry+ season naturally beg9s ) ! h>ve/+ ( ! corn1 b x (t5 cont9ues until ! fir/ sn[ falls4 ,select+ a numb] ( e>s ( corn1 ! husks are pull$ back expos+ ! gra91 & !n ! husks ( ! sev]al e>s are braid$ toge!r 7,fig4 #afe74 ,^! bun*es ( corn are hung ov] bran*es ( trees or horizontal poles & left = ! w9ds to dry 7,fig4 #aff74 ,on acc\nt ( ! dang] f corn-eat+ birds & bea/s1 ^! dry+ poles are usually plac$ ne> ! kit*5 door ( ! f>mh\se1 & sometimes 9 ! attic ( ! old f>mh\se1 ! wood%$ or ! b>n4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,indians own$ no corn mills1 b !y us$ b[l-%ap$ /ones to hold ! corn & /one pe/les l crudely made potato ma%]s ) :i* to gr9d ! corn4 ,! writ] lately saw numb]s ( ^! /one corn-mills 9 ! collection ( ,doctor ,baldw91 ( ,spr+field1 ,mass4 ,illu/ration3 #afa1 #afb1 #afc1 #afd ,,h[ ,,to ,,prep>e ,,corn ,,to ,,eat ,9 ! s\?we/ mu* grit f ! /one us$ is un9t5tionally mix$ ) ! corn1 & h5ce all ! eld]ly ,indians' tee? are worn d[n z if !y _h be5 s&pap]$4 ,b ! read] c use a wood5 b[l & a potato ma%] ) a piece ( t9 or %eet iron nail$ to its bottom ) :i* to cru% ! corn & make meal )\t grit4 ,or he c make a pione] mill l ,figs4 #afc or #afd1 f a log4 ,! pe/le or ma%] 9 ,fig4 #afd is ( iron4 ,,sweet ,,corn ,!re is a way to pres]ve corn :i* a few :ite p /ill practice j z !y le>n$ x f ! ,indians4 ,fir/ !y dig long1 %all[ tr5*es 9 ! gr\nd1 fill !m ) dri$ roots & small twigs ) :i* !y make a hot fire & ?us cov] ! bottom ( ! dit* ) gl[+ emb]s4 ,! out] husks ( ! fre% gre5 corn are !n remov$ & ! corn plac$ 9 r[s side by side on ! hot emb]s 7,fig4 #afg74 ,?is practice gave ! "n ( ,roa/+ ,e> ,season to ,july & ,augu/4 ,illu/ration ,z ! husks become scor*$ ! e>s are turn$ ov]1 & :5 br[n$ on all sides !y are deftly toss$ out ( ! dit* by means ( a w& or /ick us$ = t purpose4 ,! burnt husks are n[ remov$ & ! gra9s ( corn are %ell$ f ! cob ) ! help ( a %>p-edg$1 fre% wat] clam %ell2 ^! %ells ,i h (t5 f\nd 9 ! old camp+ places ( ! ,indians 9 ! half caves ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! corn is !n spread out on a clean %eet or on pieces ( pap] & all[$ to dry 9 ! sun4 ,x is mighty good food1 z any ,s\!rn born p]son w tell y4 ,"o c keep a supply ( x all w9t]4 ,,p>*$ ,,field ,,corn ,:5 ,i 0 a little %av] 9 old ,k5tucky1 ! *ildr5 7 v fond ( ! ,s\!rn field corn p>*$ 9 a fry+ pan 7,fig4 #afa71 & !n butt]$ & salt$ :ile x 0 /ill hot2 we p>*$ field corn1 sug> corn & ! regul> pop corn1 b none ( u _h ev] se5 crack$ corn or corn meal p>*$ & us$ z food1 & ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! old pione]s !mselves p>*$ ! corn z did _! direct desc5dants 9 ,k5tucky1 & t said corn 0 cru%$ or gr\nd aft] x _h be5 p>*$4 ,be ?is z x may1 we "k t our bord]m5 travel$ & f\ght on a p>*$ corn diet & t ,somoset1 ,massasoit1 ,pocahontas1 ,okekankano1 ,p[hatan1 all ate corn cakes & t x 0 ei!r !m or ! squaws ( _! tribes :o taught bold ,capta9 ,smi?'s p on ! s\!rn coa/1 & ! ,pilgrims fur!r nor?1 ! value ( corn z an article ( diet4 ,! k ( h[ to make ! v>i\s k9ds ( corn bread & ! use ( corn g5]ally f roa/+-e>s to corn pudd+s 0 ga9$ f ! ,am]ican ,indians4 ,x 0 f !m we le>n$ h[ to make ! ,,a% ,,cakes ,?is anci5t ,am]ican food dates back to ! fable times :i* exi/$ be=e hi/ory1 :5 ! sun came out ( a hole 9 ! ea/]n sky1 climb$ up ov]head & !n dove ?r\gh a hole 9 ! we/]n sky & disappe>$4 ,! sun no m plays su* tricks1 & al?\gh ! humm+-bird1 :o once /ole ! sun1 /ill c>ries ! m>k "u 8 *91 he is no long] a humm+-birdman b only a little buzz+ bird2 ! a% cake1 h[ev]1 is /ill an a% cake & is made 9 almo/ z primitive a mann] n[ z x 0 !n4 ,mix half a teaspoonful ( salt ) a cup ( corn meal1 & add to x boil+ hot wat] until ! swoll5 meal may be work$ by "o's h& into a ball1 bury ! ball 9 a nice b$ ( hot a%es 7gl[+ emb]s7 & leave x !re to bake l a potato4 ,equall+ ! a% cake 9 fame & simplicity is ,,pone ,pone is made by mix+ ! meal z describ$ = ! a% cake1 b mold+ ! mixture 9 ! =m ( a cone & bak+ x 9 an ov54 ,,johnny-,,cake ,is mix$ 9 ! same way z ! pone or a% cake1 b x is n cook$ ! same1 nor is x ! same %ape2 x is m 9 ! =m ( a v ?ick pancake4 ,pat ! ,johnny-cake into ! =m ( a disk an in* ?ick & f\r in*es 9 diamet]4 ,h ! fry+ pan pl5tifully suppli$ ) hot grease & drop ! ,johnny-cake c>efully 9 ! sizzl+ grease4 ,:5 ! cake is well br[n$ on "o side turn x & br[n x on ! o!r side4 ,if cook$ prop]ly x %\ld be a ri* d>k br[n color & ) a crisp cru/4 ,be=e x is eat5 x may be cut op5 & butt]$ l a biscuit1 or eat5 ) maple syrup l a hot buck:eat cake4 ,?is is ! ,johnny-cake ( my y\?1 ! fam\s ,johnny-cake ( ,k5tucky fifty ye>s ago4 ,up ,nor? ,i f9d t any old ?+ made ( corn meal is call$ a ,johnny-cake & t !y also call a%-cakes hoe-cakes1 & corn bread bannocks1 at lea/ !y call camp corn bread1 a bannock4 ,n[ s9ce bannocks 7 kn[n be=e corn 0 kn[n1 suppose we call x ,,camp ,,corn ,,bread ,,& ,,corn ,,dodg]s ,9 ! ,nor? !y also call ?is camp corn bread ,johnny-cake1 b :atev] x is call$ x is :olesome & n\ri%+4 ,take "s corn meal & :eat fl\r & mix !m fifty-fifty2 9 o!r words1 a half p9t ea*2 add a teaspoon level full & a teaspoon heap+ full ( bak+ p[d] & ab\t half a teaspoonful ( salt2 mix ^! all toge!r1 :ile dry1 9 y\r pan1 !n add ! wat] gradually4 ,if y h any milk g fifty-fifty ) ! wat] & milk1 make ! fl\r z ?9 z batt]1 p\r x into a reflector pan1 or fry+ pan1 prop x up 9 front ( a quick fire2 x w be heavy if all[$ to cook sl[ly at ! />t1 b aft] y\r cake has ris5 y may take m "t ) ! cook+4 ,?is is a f9e corn bread to /ick to ! ribs4 ,i h eat5 x e day = a mon? at a "t & x c]ta9ly has ! food p[] 9 x4 ,:5 made 9 =m ( biscuits x is call$ corn dodg]s4 ,,camp ,,biscuit ,take two cups full ( fl\r & "o level teaspoonful & "o heap+ teaspoonful ( bak+ p[d] & half a teaspoonful ( salt1 & mix !m toge!r ?or\ghly :ile dry4 ,to ?is y add milk & wat]1 if n milk /raight wat]1 mix+ x z describ$ = ! flapjacks4 ,make a d\gh s(t b /iff en\gh to mold ) well fl\r$ h&s1 make x into biscuits ab\t half an in* ?ick1 put !m into a greas$ pan1 bake !m 9 any "o ( ! ov5s already describ$1 or by propp+ !m up 9 front ( ! fire4 ,if ! biscuits h be5 well mix$ & well bak$ !y w prove to be good biscuits4 ,,! ,,vreel& ,,bannock ,fr$ tells me t he makes ?is ! same z he w\ld biscuits & bakes x 9 a fry+ pan4 ,! fry+ pan is heat$ & greas$ be=e ! d\gh is dropp$ into x1 mak+ a cake ab\t a half in* ?ick4 ,! fry+ pan is !n plac$ ov] ! sl[ fire to give ! bannock a *ance to rise & h>d5 en\gh to hold its %ape1 !n ! fry+ pan is propp$ up ) a /ick & ! bannock br[n$ by reflect$ heat1 x mu/ be cook$ sl[ly & h a nice br[n cru/4 ,i h nev] made bannocks b ,i h eat5 "s ( ,vreel&'s1 & !y are f9e4 ,,flapjacks ,a fell[ :o _c ?r[ a flapjack is sadly lack+ 9 ! skill "o expects to f9d 9 a real woodcraft]4 ,a heavy1 greasy flapjack is an abom9ation1 b ! real article is a joy to make & a joy to eat4 ,put a l>ge t9 cupful ( fl\r 9 ! pan1 add half a teaspoonful ( salt1 also "o heap+ teaspoonful & "o level teaspoonful ( bak+ p[d]2 mix ! salt & bak+ p[d] well ) ! fl\r :ile x is dry4 ,!n build y\r little m\nta9 or volcano ( fl\r ) its m9iature crat] 9 ! middle1 into :i* p\r wat] little by little2 mak+ ! lava by mix+ ! d\gh z y g4 ,cont9ue ?is process until all ! fl\r is batt]2 ! batt] %\ld be ?9 en\gh to spread out rapidly into ! =m ( a pancake :5 x is p\r$ into ! skillet or fry+ pan1 b n wat]y4 ,grease ! fry+ pan ) a greasy rag fa/5$ to ! end ( a /ick or ) a piece ( bacon r9d4 ,rememb] t ! fry+ pan only ne$s en\gh grease to prev5t ! cake f /ick+ to ! pan2 :5 "o fries potatoes ! pan %\ld be pl5tifully suppli$ ) v hot grease1 b flapjacks are n potatoes & too mu* grease makes ! cakes unfit to eat4 ,d n put too mu* batt] 9 ! pan1 ei!r2 ,i tri$ x once & :5 ,i flapp$ ! flapjack ! hot batt] splatt]$ all ov] my face1 & t batt] 0 ev5 hott] ?an my rem>ks4 ,p\r en\gh batt] into ! pan to spread almo/ b n q ov] ! bottom2 :5 ! bubbles come ?ickly 9 ! middle & ! edges beg9 to smoke a bit1 x is "t to flap ! flapjack4 ,d s by loos5+ ! edges ) a knife blade1 !n dip ! f> side ( ! pan d[nw>d & br+ x up quickly1 s5d+ ! cake som]sault+ 9 ! air2 cat* ! cake z x falls batt] side d[n & proce$ to cook t side4 ,! p5alty ( dropp+ a flapjack 9 ! fire is to be made to eat x )\t wip+ (f ! a%es4 ,,d\ghgod ,fir/ fry "s bacon or boil x until x is s(t1 !n *op up ! bacon into small pieces q f9e1 l ha%4 ,save ! grease & set ! bacon to "o side2 n[ take a p9t ( fl\r & half a teaspoon ( salt1 a spoonful ( br[n sug> & a heap+ spoonful ( bak+ p[d] & mix !m all :ile !y are dry1 aft] :i* /ir 9 ! wat] z already describ$ until x is 9 ! =m ( batt]2 n[ add ! *opp$ bacon & !n mix rapidly ) a spoon2 p\r x into a ,dut* ov5 or a pan & bake2 x %\ld be done 9 ?irty-five or =ty m9utes1 accord+ to ! condition ( ! fire4 ,:5 y\r campfire is built ^u a he>? made ( /ones1 if y bru% ! a%es away f ! hot /one & place y\r d\ghgod ^u x1 !n cov] x ) a fry+ pan or "s simil> vessel1 & put ! hot c9d]s on top ( ! fry+ pan1 y w f9d t x w bake v nicely & satisfactorily on ! he>?/one4 ,9 ! old-fa%ion$ op5 fire-places :]e our gr&p>5ts did _! cook+1 a ,dut* ov5 0 consid]$ ess5tial4 ,! ,dut* ov5 is /ill us$ by ! guides & c[boys & is ( practically ! same =m z t us$ by ,abraham ,l9coln's folks2 x consi/s ( a m or less %all[ di% ( metal1 copp]1 brass or iron1 ) f\r metal legs t may be set 9 ! hot c9d]s4 ,ov] t is a metal top :i* is made s z to cov] ! bottom di%1 & ! edges ( ! cov] are turn$ up all ar\nd l a hat ) its brim turn$ up4 ,?is is s made to hold ! hot c9d]s :i* are dump$ on top ( x1 b a ,,dut* ,,ov5 ,,may ,,be ,,improvis$ ,f any comb9ation ( two metal di%es s made or select$ t ! l>ge "o w fit ov] ! top & snugly ov]lap ! small] di%1 s z n to admit dirt1 du/ or a%es to ! food inside4 ,9 ?is ov5 bread1 biscuits1 cakes1 pies1 /ews1 bakes1 meat1 fi%1 f[l & vegetables may be cook$ ) delightful results4 ,9 camp two fry+ pans are frequ5tly made to act z a ,dut* ov54 ,a ,dut* ov5 is sometimes us$ 9 a bean hole 7,fig4 #ajf74 ,fir/ build a fire1 us+ suffici5t small wood1 *ips & dry roots to make c9d]s en\gh ) :i* to fill y\r bean hole4 ,:ile ! fire is do+ its "w let ! cook prep>e to cook ,,! ,,s\rd\gh',s ,,joy ,slice bacon z ?9 z possible & place a lay] ov] ! bottom & ar\nd ! sides ( ! ,dut* ov5 l a pie-cru/4 ,slice v5ison1 moose meat or be> /eak1 or pla9 beef1 m$ium ?9 & put 9 to ! dep? ( #b in*es1 salt+ ea* lay]4 ,*op a l>ge onion & spr9kle x ov] ! top1 cov] ) ano!r lay] ( bacon & "o p9t ( wat] & put on ! lid4 ,fill ! hole half full ( hot emb]s1 place ! ,dut* ov5 9 ! c5t] & fill ! space surr\nd+ ! ov5 full ( emb]s4 ,cov] all ) ab\t #f in*es ( dirt1 !n roll y\rself up 9 y\r blanket & %ut y\r eyes--y\r breakfa/ w cook :ile y sleep & be pip+ hot :5 y dig = x 9 ! morn+4 ,! bean hole is f> f a mod]n inv5tion & ! dri$ dropp+s ( animals1 l buffalo *ips1 7 us$ = fuel away back 9 ,bible times2 9 anci5t ,pale/9e !y /ew$ _! meat 9 a pot set 9 a hole fill$ 9 ) /ones ov] :i* burn$ a fire ( *ips ga!r$ :]e ! flocks pa/ur$4 ,:5 ! wood is ( su* a nature t x is difficult to obta9 a b$ ( live coals = toa/+1 meat may1 9 a p9*1 be cook$ ^u a clean flat /one 7,figs4 #aaf1 #aag & #abh74 ,be c]ta9 t ! /one is a dry "o1 o!rwise ! heat may bur/ x4 ,if satisfi$ t x is dry1 heat x good & hot & spread y\r ?ick slice ( v5ison1 moose1 be> or %eep or ev5 beef ^u ! v hot /one2 leave x !re ab\t tw5ty m9utes & all[ x to s+e1 sizzle & burn on "o side1 !n turn x ov] & burn ! o!r side until ! *>r$ "p is "o-qu>t] or ev5 a half in* deep4 ,n[ remove ! meat & ) y\r hunt+ knife scrape away all ! *>r$ meat1 season x & toa/ "s bacon or pork on a =k$ /ick &1 aft] scor+ ! /eak deeply & putt+ ! pork or bacon 9 ! cuts1 ! meat is ready to s]ve to y\r hungry self & camp mates4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cook ,,v5ison ,if y want to "k h[ real wild meat ta/es1 drop a sleek buck ) a %ot j ov] ! %\ld]--no good sportsman w %oot a doe--dress ! de] & let x hang = sev]al days2 t is1 if y wi% t5d] meat4 ,cut a /eak two in*es ?ick & fry "s bacon1 aft] :i* put ! /eak 9 ! fry+ pan ) ! bacon on top ( x1 & a cov] on ! fry+ pan4 ,:5 "o side is cook$1 turn ! meat ov] & aga9 put ! bacon on top1 replace ! cov] & let t side cook4 ,s]ve on a hot plate & give ?anks t y are 9 ! op51 h a good appetite & y are privileg$ to p>take ( a di% too good = any old k+4 ,! gravy1 oh my ^w6 ! recollection ( x makes me hungry6 ,i h eat5 moose meat ?ree times a day = weeks at a "t1 :5 x 0 cook$ z describ$1 )\t los+ my desire = m4 ,,p]dix ,,au ,,*\x ,is a great di% 9 ,canada2 ! bird is cook$ ?is way3 ,*op cabbage f9e & highly spice x1 !n /uff ! bird ) ! cabbage & nicely cov] ! p>tridge or gr\se ) _m ?9 slices ( bacon1 & put bacon also 9 ! bak+ pan4 ,:5 ?is is well bak$ & well ba/$ a m delici\s game d9n] y w nev] eat4 ,try x2 x is an old ,fr5* way ( cook+ ! p>tridge or pheasant4 ,:5 y ne$ a real w>m fire = cook+1 d n =get t dry roots make an int5sely hot fire ) no smoke2 look = !m 9 driftwood piles1 z !y are sure to be !re2 !y are light z a cork & por\s z a sponge1 & burn l coke4 ,no "o ) tru? may say t he is a real woodcraft] unless he is a good camp cook4 ,at ! same "t x is an error to ?9k t ! outdoor m5 live to eat l ! tr5*] m5 ( old ,engl&1 or ! deg5]ate epicures ( anci5t ,rome4 ,nei!r are ! outdoor m5 9 sympa?y ) ! ,sp>tans or ,lac$emonians & none ( !m w\ld will+ly p>take ( ! hi/oric & disgu/+ black bro? ( ,lac$emonia4 ,woodcraft]s are really m 9 sympa?y ) cultur$ ,a!nians :o /rove to make _! banquets attractive ) int]e/+ talk1 inspir+ & patriotic odes & delightful recitations by poets & philosoph]s4 ,z a campfire man w\ld say3 ,t's me all ov]1 ,mable & he might add t l all good ?+s on ?is e>? ,,banquets ,orig9at$ 9 ! op54 ,! ^w itself is f ! ,fr5* & ,spani% & means a small b5*1 a little seat1 & :5 spell$ banqueta1 means a ?ree-legg$ /ool4 ,x has ref]5ce to sitt+ :ile eat+ in/ead ( tak+ refre%m5ts 9 /& up fa%ion4 ,! mo/ enjoyable banquets 9 ! au?or's exp]i5ce are ^? p>tak5 9 ! wild]ness1 & prom95t among ! wildwood di%es is ! ,,lumb]man',s ,,bak$ ,,beans ,wa% ! beans fir/1 !n half fill a pail ) !m1 put !m ov] ! fire & p>boil !m until _! sk9s are ready to come (f2 !y are n[ ready = ! pot4 ,b be=e putt+ !m 9 !re1 peel an onion & slice x1 plac+ ! slices 9 ! bottom ( ! bean pot4 ,n[ p\r half ( ! beans ov] ! onions & on top ( !m spread ! slices ( ano!r onion4 ,take "s salt pork & cut x into squ>e pieces & place ! hunks ( pork ov] ! onions1 ?us mak+ a lay] ( onions & pork on top ( ! beans4 ,ov] ?is p\r ! rema9d] ( ! beans1 cov] ! top ( ! beans ) molasses1 on ! top ( ! molasses put "s m hunks ( pork1 put 9 en\gh wat] to b>ely cov] ! beans4 ,ov] ! top ( all ( x spread a piece ( bir* b>k1 !n =ce ! cov] d[n good & tight4 ,mean:ile a fire %\ld h be5 built 9 ! bean hole 7,fig4 #aje74 ,:5 ! fire ( bir* has be5 burnt to hot c9d]s1 ! c9d]s mu/ be %ovel$ out & ! bean pot put into ! hole1 aft] :i* pack ! c9d]s ar\nd ! bean pot & cov] ! :ole ?+ ) ! dead a%es1 or z ! lumb]m5 call !m1 ! black a%es4 ,if ! beans are put into ! bean hole late 9 ! aft]noon & all[$ to rema9 !re all night1 !y w be done to a turn = breakfa/2 ! next morn+ !y w be :olesome1 juicy & sweet1 br[n$ on top & delici\s4 ,a bean hole is n absolutely necess>y = a small pot ( beans4 ,i h cook$ !m 9 ! wild]ness by plac+ ! pot on ! gr\nd 9 ! middle ( ! place :]e ! fire _h be5 burn+1 !n heap+ ! hot a%es & c9d]s ov] ! bean pot until x made a little hill !re1 :i* ,i cov]$ ) ! black a%es & left until morn+4 ,i tri$ ! same exp]im5t on ! op5 he>? to my /udio & x 0 a wond]ful success4 ,,! ,,etiquette ,,( ,,! ,,woods ,requires t :5 a porcup9e has be5 kill$ x be imm$iately ?r[n into ! fire1 !re to rema9 until all ! quills h be5 s+$ (f ( ! aggressive hide1 aft] :i* x may be sk9n$ ) no dang] to ! workm5 & ) no dang] to ! o!r camp]s f ! wick$ b>b$ quills1 :i* o!rwise might be wait+ = !m j :]e !y wi%$ to seat !mselves4 ,?is may s\nd funny1 b ,i h exp]im5t$1 un9t5tionally1 by seat+ myself ^u a porcup9e quill4 ,i c assure ! read] t !re is no?+ humor\s 9 ! exp]i5ce to ! victim1 h[ev] funny x may appe> to ^? :o look on4 ,aft] ?or\ghly s+e+ ! porcup9e y roll x 9 ! grass to make c]ta9 t ! burnt quills are rubb$ (f its sk91 !n ) a %>p knife slit him up ! middle ( ! belly f ! tail to ! ?roat1 pull ! sk9 c>efully back & peel x (f4 ,:5 y come to ! feet cut !m (f4 ,broil$ porcup9e is ! ,?anksgiv+ turkey ( ! ,alaskan & ,briti% ,columbia ,indian1 b unless x has be5 boil$ 9 two or ?ree wat]s ! ta/e does n suit :ite m54 ,,porcup9e ,,wild]ness ,,me?od ,aft] x has be5 p>boil$1 susp5d ! porcup9e by its =elegs 9 front ( a good roa/+ fire1 or ov] a b$ ( hot coals1 & if well season$ x w be z good meat z c be f\nd 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! tail p>ticul>ly is v meaty & is mo/ savory2 l beef tongue x is fill$ ) f9e bits ( fat4 ,split ! tail & take out ! bone1 !n roa/ ! meaty "p4 ,porcup9e /uff$ ) onions & roa/$ on a spit be=e ! fire is good1 b to get ! p]fection ( cook+ x really %\ld be cook$ 9 a ,dut* ov51 or a clos$ kettle or an improvis$ airtight ov5 ( "s sort & bak$ 9 a bean hole1 or bak$ by be+ buri$ deep "u a heap ( c9d]s & cov]$ ) a%es4 ,two iron pans t w fit toge!r1 t is1 "o t is a trifle l>g] ?an ! o!r s t ! small] "o may be pu%$ d[n into x to "s ext5t1 w answ] all ! purposes ( ! ,dut* ov54 ,also two fry+ pans arrang$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,always rememb] t aft] ! porcup9e is sk9n$1 dress$ & clean$1 x %\ld be put 9 a pot & p>boil$1 *ang+ ! wat] once or twice1 aft] :i* x may be cook$ 9 any way :i* appeals to ! camp]4 ,! ,,nor? ,,me?od ,is to place x 9 ! ,dut* ov5 ) a few hunks ( fat pork2 let ! porcup9e itself re/ ^u "s h>d-tack1 h>d biscuit or /ale bread ( any k9d1 :i* has be5 slightly s(t5$ ) wat]4 ,on top ( ! porcup9e lay a nice slice or two ( fat pork & place ano!r lay] ( soak$ h>d biscuit or h>d-tack on ! pork1 put x 9 a ,dut* ov5 & place ! ,dut* ov5 on ! hot coals1 put a cov] on ! ,dut* ov5 & heap ! liv+ coals ov] ! top ( x & ! a%es atop ( t2 let x bake sl[ly until ! fle% p>ts f ! bones4 ,?us cook$ x w ta/e some?+ l veal ) a sugge/ion ( suck+ pig4 ,! tail ( ! porcup9e1 l ! ,,tail ,,( ,,! ,,beav] ,is consid]$ a special delicacy4 ,_m ( ! old wild]ness m5 hang ! flat tr[el-l tails ( ! beav] = a day or two 9 ! *imney ( _! %ack to all[ ! oily matt] to exude f x1 & ?us take away ! o!rwise /rong ta/e2 o!rs p>boil x z advocat$ = porcup9e meat1 aft] :i* ! tail may be roa/$ or bak$ & ! r\gh sk9 remov$ be=e eat+4 ,,beav] ,,tail ,,s\p ,is made by /ew+ ! tails ) :at o!r +r$i5ts "o may h 9 camp2 all su* di%es %\ld be all[$ to simm] = a long :ile 9 place ( boil+ rapidly4 ,a man :o 0 hunt+ 9 ,nor? ,mi*igan said1 ,al?\gh ,i am a ,m>yl&]1 & an ,ea/]n ,%ore "o at t1 & consequ5tly "k :at good ?+s to eat are1 ,i want to tell y t ,i'll h to take (f my hat to ! lumb] camp cook z ! discov]]1 fabricator & disp5s] ( a di% t knocks ! ,ea/]n ,%ore cuis9e silly4 ,& t di% is beav]-tail s\p4 ,:5 ! beav] 0 br\ght into camp ! camp cook w5t ne>ly wild1 & s did ! lumb]m5 :5 !y he>d ! news1 & all because !y 7 p9+ = beav]-tail s\p4 ,! cook took t broad app5dage ( ! beav]1 mail$ l an armadillo1 took f x ! und]ly+ bone & meat & f x made su* a s\p z nev] came f any o!r /ock1 at ! beck ( ! mo/ exp]t & sci5tific *ef t ev] put a kettle on4 ,,muskrat ,is valuable also = 8 fle%4 ,its "n & rat-l appe>ance h creat$ a prejudice aga9/ x z a food1 b ?\s&s ( p]sons eat x )\t compunction4 ,= ^? to :om ! "n is a /umbl+-block ! euphemism m>% rabbit has be5 inv5t$1 & "u ?is "n ! muskrat is sold ev5 9 ! ,wilm+ton m>ket & s]v$ on ! tables ( :ite c\ntry folk4 ,9 ,delaw>e1 especially1 ! muskrat is rank$ z a delicacy1 & p]sonally ! au?or ranks ?is rod5t ) ! rabbit z an article ( food4 ,at ,dov] ! writ] has _h x s]v$ at ! hotel "u its own "n2 ! di% 0 muskrats & toa/4 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o revolt at ! muskrat z food1 x is well to /ate t x is "o ( ! cleane/ ( all creatures1 t x c>efully wa%es all its own food & 9 e way conducts itself s z to recomm5d its fle% ev5 to ! mo/ fa/idi\s4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! fle% ( ! muskrat1 ?\gh d>k1 is t5d] & exce$+ly sweet4 ,/ew$ l rabbit x looks & ta/es l rabbit1 save t x lacks a c]ta9 gamy flavor t "s un$ucat$ p]sons f9d an unpleasant *>act]i/ic ( ! latt]4 ,b to ! writ]'s way ( ?9k+1 :ile ! muskrat is good to eat1 !re are _m ?+s mu* bett]2 ! po9t is1 h[ev]1 t ev]y?+ :i* ta/es good & is n indige/ible is good to eat no matt] :at its "n may be4 ,,! ,,burgoo ,( all ! camp /ews & hunt]s' /ews ( v>i\s names & flavors1 ! ,k5tucky burgoo heads ! li/2 n only is x di/+ui%$ = its intr9sic qualities1 its food value & delici\s flavor1 its romance & picturesque accompanim5t1 b also because ( ! illu/ri\s p ^: names are l9k$ 9 ,k5tucky hi/ory ) ! burgoo4 ,"o su* fea/1 giv5 "s "t betwe5 #ahdj & #ahej1 0 att5d$ by ,gov]nor ,owlsley 7old /one-hamm]71 ,gov]nor ,metcalf1 ,gov]nor ,bob ,let*]1 ,gov]nor ,moorhead1 ,g5]al ,george ,critt5ton1 ,g5]al ,john ,critt5ton1 ,g5]al ,tom ,critt5ton1 ,james ,h4 ,be>d1 & o!r di/+ui%$ m54 ,all ,k5tuckians w v[ !y und]/& ! true mean+ ( ! ^w burgoo4 ,b an article 9 ! ,insurance ,field says1 ,x is d]iv$ f ! l[ ,lat9 burgus1 =tifi$ 7z a t[n7 & goo-goo1 v good4 ,h5ce ! ^w1 burgoo1 some?+ v good1 =tifi$ ) o!r good ?+s1 z w be f\nd 9 ,c>ey's ,diction>y ( ,d\ble ,d]ivations3 ,burgoo is lit]ally a s\p compos$ ( _m vegetables & meats delectably fus$ toge!r 9 an enorm\s caldron1 ov] :i*1 at ! exact mom5t1 a rabbit's foot at ! end ( a y>n /r+ is prop]ly wav$ by a color$ prea*]1 ^: sal>y has be5 paid to date4 ,^! are ! good om5s by :i* ! burgoo is =tifi$4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,burgoo ,any?+ f an ord9>y pail to "o or _m big caldrons1 accord+ to ! numb] ( gue/s expect$ at ! camp1 w s]ve z vessels 9 :i* to s]ve ! burgoo4 ,! excell5ce ( ! burgoo dep5ds m ^u ! mann] ( cook+ & season+ x ?an x does on ! mat]ial us$ 9 its decoction4 ,to-day ! burgoo is compos$ ( meat f dome/ic bea/s & b>ny>d f[ls ) vegetables f ! g>d51 b orig9ally x 0 made f ! wild ?+s 9 ! woods1 be>1 buffalo1 v5ison1 wild turkey1 quails1 squirrels & all ! spl5did game animals t once roam$ ?r\gh ,k5tucky4 ,z ?is book is = woodcraft]s we w take x = grant$ t we are 9 ! woods1 t we h "s v5ison1 moose1 be> meat1 rocky m\nta9 goat1 big horn1 rabbit1 ruff$ gr\se1 or "s good sub/itutes4 ,x w\ld be a r>e occasion inde$ :5 we w\ld really h ^! ?+s4 ,if1 = in/ance1 we h a good /r+ ( gr\se we w take _! legs & w+s & necks = ! burgoo & save _! brea/s = a broil1 & if we h n _m gr\se we w put 9 a :ole bird or two4 ,we w treat ! rabbits ! same way1 sav+ ! body ) ! t5d]lo9 = broil+4 ,:5 clean$ & dress$ ! meat ( a turtle or two adds a delici\s flavor to ! burgoo2 frogs legs are also good1 ) ! o!r meat4 ,cut all ! meat up into pieces :i* w correspond1 r\ghly speak+1 to in* cubes2 d n ?r[ away ! bones2 put !m 9 also4 ,n[ !n1 if y 7 wise en\gh :5 y 7 outfitt+ = ! trip to secure "s ( ! ill-smell+ b palatable dri$ vegetables1 !y w add imm5sely to ! flavor ( y\r burgoo4 ,put all ! mat]ial 9 ! kettle1 t is1 unless y are us+ beans & potatoes z vegetables2 if s1 ! meats _h bett] be well cook$ fir/1 because ! beans & potatoes h a t5d5cy to g to ! bottom1 & by scor*+ spoil ! bro?4 ,fill y\r kettle1 caldron or pot half full ( wat] & hang x ov] ! fire2 :ile x is mak+ ready to boil get busy ) y\r vegetables1 prep>+ !m = ! /ew4 ,peel ! dry out] sk9 (f y\r onions & halve !m1 or qu>t] !m1 accord+ to _! size2 scrape y\r c>rots & slice !m into little disks1 ea* ab\t ! size ( a qu>t]1 peel y\r potatoes & cut !m up into pieces ab\t ! size ( ! meat1 & :5 ! caldron is boil+ dump 9 ! vegetables4 ,! vegetables w tempor>ily cool ! wat]1 :i* %\ld n be all[$ to aga9 boil1 b %\ld be put ov] a sl[ fire & :]e x w simm]4 ,:5 ! /ew is almo/ done add ! salt & o!r season+s4 ,!re %\ld always be en\gh wat] to cov] ! vegetables4 ,cann$ tomatoes w add to ! flavor ( y\r bro?4 ,9 a real burgoo we put no ?ick5+ l meal1 rice or o!r mat]ial ( simil> nature1 because ! bro? is /ra9$ & s]v$ cle>4 ,also no sweet vegetables l beets4 ,:5 ! burgoo is done dip x out & dr9k x f t9 cups4 ,( c\rse1 if ?is is a picnic burgoo1 y add olive juice to ! /ew1 :ile x is cook+1 & !n place a slic$ lemon & an olive 9 ea* cup & p\r ! hot /ra9$ liquid into ! cups4 ,! burgoo & ! b>becue belong to t era :5 food 0 pl5ty1 fea/s 7 g5]\s & appetites good4 ,^! hi/oric fea/s /ill exi/ 9 :at is left ( ! op5 c\ntry & ri* f>m+ di/ricts1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,k5tucky & ,virg9ia4 ,9 ,k5tucky 9 ! old5 times ! g5tlem5 7 wont to g out 9 ! morn+ & d ! hunt+1 :ile ! negroes 7 keep+ ! caldrons boil+ ) ! pork & o!r f\ndation mat]ial 9 !m4 ,aft] ! g5tlem5 return$ & ! game 0 put into ! caldron1 ! gue/s began to arrive & ! /ew 0 s]v$ late 9 ! aft]noon2 ea* gue/ 0 suppos$ to come suppli$ ) a t9 cup & a spoon1 ! latt] made ( a fre% wat] mussel %ell ) a split /ick = a h&le4 ,?us provid$ !y all sat r\nd & p>took ( z _m helps z _! hung] dem&$4 ,s9ce we h giv5 ,k5tucky's celebrat$ di%1 we w add ,ole ,virg9ny's favorite di%1 :i* has be5 nam$ aft] ! c\nty :]e x orig9at$4 ,,! ,,brunswick ,,/ew ,take two l>ge squirrels1 "o qu>t ( tomatoes1 peel$ & slic$1 if fre%2 "o p9t ( lima beans or butt] beans1 two teaspoonfuls ( :ite sug>1 "o m9c$ onion1 six potatoes1 six e>s ( corn scrap$ f ! cob1 or a c ( sweet corn1 half a p\nd ( butt]1 half a p\nd ( salt pork1 "o teaspoonful ( salt1 ?ree level teaspoonfuls ( pepp] & a gallon ( wat]4 ,cut ! squirrels up z = fricassee1 add salt & wat] & boil five m9utes4 ,!n put 9 ! onion1 beans1 corn1 pork1 potatoes & pepp]1 & :5 boil+ aga9 add ! squirrel4 ,cov] closely & /ew two h\rs1 !n add ! tomato mix$ ) ! sug> & /ew an h\r long]4 ,t5 m9utes be=e remov+ f ! fire cut ! butt] into pieces ! size ( ,engli% walnuts1 roll 9 fl\r & add to ! /ew4 ,boil up aga91 add+ m salt & pepp] if requir$4 ,! above is a receipt s5t 9 to u1 & ,i w\ld give cr$it = x if ,i knew f :5ce x came4 ,i d "k t x s\nds good1 & f my exp]i5ce ) o!r simil> di%es1 x w ta/e good4 ,i am n writ+ a cook book b only attempt+ to />t ! novice on 8 way z a camp *ef1 & if he succe$s 9 cook+ 9 ! op5 ! di%es "h describ$1 he ne$ n fe> to tackle any cul9>y problem :i* conditions may make x necess>y = him to solve4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pack+ ,,horses ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,pack ,,horse ,,( ,,y\r ,,own ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,ap>ejo ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,c9*a ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,latigo ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,a ,,diamond ,,hit* ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,a ,,squaw ,,hit* ,,h[ ,,to ,,hit* ,a ,,horse ,,9 ,,op5 ,,l& ,,)\t ,,po/1 ,,tree ,,or ,,/ick ,,or ,,/one ,,use ,,( ,,hobbles ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m ,,h[ ,,! ,,travois ,,is ,,made ,,& ,,us$ ,,buffalo ,,bill ,,& ,,g5]al ,,miles ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,,d[n ,a ,,saddle ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,a ,,saddle ,,on ,a ,,horse ,,h[ ,,to ,,m\nt ,a ,,horse ,,h[ ,,to ,,"k ,a ,,we/]n ,,horse ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pack+ ,,horses ,,if "o is go+ on a real camp+ excursion :]e "o w ne$ pack horses1 "o %\ld1 by all means1 famili>ize oneself ) ! prop] me?od ( pack+ a pack horse4 ,?is c be done 9 "o's own cell>1 attic or wood%$ & )\t hir+ a horse or keep+ "o = ! purpose4 ,! horse w be exp5sive en\gh :5 "o ne$s x on ! trail4 ,! drill 9 pack+ a horse %\ld be taught 9 all sc\t camps1 & all girl camps & all ,y4,m4,c4,a4 camps1 & all tra9+ camps2 9 fact1 ev]y:]e :]e anybody goes outdoors at all1 or :]e anybody pret5ds to g outdoors2 & aft] ! t5d]feet h le>n$ h[ to pack !n x is ! prop] "t to le>n :at to pack2 consequ5tly we put pack+ be=e outfitt+1 n ! c>t1 b ! pack be=e ! horse1 s to speak4 ,:5 ! ,boy ,sc\t ,movem5t />t$ 9 ,am]ica x _h ! good aggressive ,am]ican motto1 ,,be ,,sure ,,y',,re ,,"r1 ,,!n ,,g ,,ahead1 :i* 0 borr[$ f t delightful old bucksk9 man1 ,davy ,crockett4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 :5 ! sc\t idea 0 tak5 up 9 ,engl&1 ! ,engli% *ang$ ! ,am]ican motto to ,,be ,,prep>$2 because ! ,engli% ,boy ,sc\t promot] 0 a milit>y man himself & saw ! necessity ( prep>$ness by ,great ,brita91 :i* has s9ce become app>5t to u all4 ,& 9 ord] to be prep>$ to pack a horse1 we mu/ fir/ be sure we are "r1 !n g ahead & practice pack+ at home4 ,"o ( ! mo/ useful ?+s to ! outdoor p]son is a ,,pack ,,horse ,all ( u d n own a horse1 b !re is n a read] ( ?is book s poor t he _c own ! horse %[n by ,fig4 #agd4 ,illu/ration3 #afh1 #afi1 #agj1 #aga1 #agb1 #agc1 #agd ,!re are b few p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o _c hone/ly come into possession ( a b>rel ) :i* to build a pack horse or on :i* to practice ?r[+ ! diamond hit*4 ,!y c also f9d1 some:]e1 "s pieces ( bo>d ) :i* to make ! legs ( ! horse1 its neck & head4 ,fig4 #afh %[s ! neck-bo>d1 & ! dott$ l9es %[ :]e to saw ! head to get ! "r angle = ! head & e>s1 ) :i* ! horse may he>4 ,fig4 #afi %[s ! head-bo>d1 & ! dott$ l9e %[s h[ to saw (f "o corn] to give ! prop] %ape to ?is ,arabian /e$'s intellig5t head-piece4 ,fig4 #agj %[s h[ to nail ! head on ! neck4 ,! nails may be procur$ by knock+ !m out ( old bo>ds2 at lea/ t is ! way ! writ] suppli$ himself ) nails4 ,he does n rememb] ev] ask+ 8 p>5ts = money ) :i* to buy nails1 b if x is diff]5t n[adays1 & if y d n feel economically incl9$1 & h ! money1 g to ! %op & buy !m4 ,also1 "u su* circum/ances1 g to ! lumb] y>d & pur*ase y\r bo>ds4 ,fig4 #aga %[s h[ to nail two cleats on ! neck1 & ,fig4 #agb %[s h[ to nail ^! cleats onto ! head ( ! b>rel4 ,if y f9d ! b>rel head s t\gh & ela/ic t a nail _c be easily hamm]$ 91 use a gimlet & bore holes into ! cleats & into ! b>rel head1 & !n fa/5 ! cleats on ) screws4 ,! tail ( ! nag is made out ( an old piece ( fray$ rope 7,fig4 #agc71 ) a knot ti$ 9 "o end to prev5t ! tail f pull+ out :5 x is pull$ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! o!r end ( ! b>rel 7,fig4 #agc74 ,! legs ( ! horse are made l ^? ( a c>p5t]'s wood5 horse1 ( bits ( plank or bo>ds brac$ "u ! b>rel by cross-pieces 7,fig4 #agd74 ,n[ y h a spl5did horse6 ,"o t w /& )\t hit*+4 ,x is k9d & w>rant$ n to buck1 bite or kick1 b nev]!less1 :5 y are pack+ him rememb] t y are do+ x 9 ord] to drill y\rself to pack a real live horse1 a horse t may really buck1 bite & kick4 ,!re are a lot ( words 9 ! ,engli% language n to be f\nd 9 ! diction>y4 ,i rememb] a few ye>s ago :5 "o c\ld n f9d und]%irt or catboat 9 ! diction>y4 ,b 9 ! diction>ies ( to-day y w ev5 f9d ap>ejo & latigo1 al?\gh nei!r ( ^! words 0 9 ! diction>ies ( ye/]day4 ,,make ,,y\r ,,own ,,ap>ejo ,make y\r own ap>ejo ( any?+ y c f9d4 ,! real ones are made ( lea!r1 b at ! pres5t "t1 #aibj1 lea!r is v exp5sive4 ,we c1 h[ev]1 no d\bt secure "s build]s' pap]1 t> pap]1 /iff wrapp+ pap]1 a piece ( old oilclo?1 :i*1 by ! way1 w\ld be m l lea!r ?an any?+ else1 & cov] ^! ?+s ) a piece ( t5t clo?1 a piece ( c>pet1 or ev5 burlap4 ,! oilclo? inside w /iff5 ! ap>ejo4 ,at ! bottom edge ( x we c la% a c\ple ( /icks 7,fig4 #age71 or if we want to d x 9 a real workmanlike mann]1 we c sew on a c\ple ( lea!r %oes1 made out ( old %oe lea!r or new lea!r if we c secure x1 & !n slip a nice hickory /ick ?r\gh ! %oes1 z %[n 9 ! diagram 7,fig4 #agf74 ,! ap>ejo is to ?r[ ov] ! horse's back z 9 ,fig4 #agh1 b 9 ord] to fa/5 x on ! back we mu/ h a latigo :i* is ! real wild & woolly "n = ! rope atta*$ to a c9*a /rap 7,fig4 #agg74 ,b :5 y are talk+ ab\t pack+ ! pack horses call x c9*1 & spell x c9*a4 ,make y\r c9*a ( a piece ( canvas1 & 9 "o end fa/5 a hook--a big /rong picture hook w d2 ,fig4 #agg %[s a c9* hook made ( an oak elb[ inv5t$ by ,/ew>t ,edw>d ,:ite1 & 9 ! o!r end an iron r+2 to ! iron r+ fa/5 ! la% rope 7,fig4 #agg74 ,= ! real horse & outfit "o w ne$ an ap>ejo1 a pack blanket1 a la% rope ) a c9*a1 a sl+ rope1 a bl9d = ! horse1 & a pack cov]4 ,b "h aga9 d n call x a pack cov]1 = t w at once /amp y z a t5d]foot4 ,assume ! sup]ior air ( a real pla9sman & speak ( x z a manta4 ,! ap>ejo & pack saddle are inv5tions ( ! ,arabians away back 9 ! eigh? c5tury4 ,:5 ! ,moors f ,africa ov]ran ,spa91 ^! picturesque m>aud]s br\ght ) !m pack mules1 pack saddles1 & ap>ejos4 ,:5 ,g5]al ,cortez & ,piz>ro c>ri$ ! tor* & sword ?r\gh ,mexico 9 _! se>* = gold1 !y br\ght ) !m pack animals1 pack saddles1 ap>ejos1 latigos1 & all t sort ( ?+ ) :i* to pack _! loot4 ,:5 ! =ty-n9]s w5t to ,cali=nia 9 se>* ( gold !y f\nd t ! ,arabian ,moori%-,spani%-,mexican me?od ( pack+ animals 0 p]fectly adapt$ to _! purposes & !y us$ to pack animals1 ! ap>ejos1 ! latigos1 & all ! o!r k9ds ( gos4 ,! la% rope = a real pack horse %\ld be ( ! be/ ,manila in* or #e_/h in*1 & =ty feet long2 a mu* %ort] "o w answ] = ! wood5 horse4 ,,ev5 ,,boys ,,c ,,?r[ ,,! ,,hit* ,back 9 #ahgi1 ,capta9 ,a4 ,b4 ,wood1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 introduc$ a k ( ! prop] use ( ! pack saddle & ! my/]ies ( ! diamond hit* into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,! ,f\r? ,cavalry1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 0 ! fir/ to become exp]t ) ! diamond hit* & taught x to ! o!rs2 b rec5tly a milit>y magaz9e has ask$ p]mission1 & has us$ ! au?or's diagrams1 to expla9 to ! ,cavalry m5 h[ ?is fam\s hit* is ?r[n4 ,x /&s to reason t 9 ord] to pack "o horse "o mu/ h "s packs4 ,b ^! are ! easie/ ?+s imag9able to secure4 ,a c\ple ( old potato or fl\r bags1 /uff$ ) any?+ t is h&y--hay1 grass1 leaves1 rags or pap]--b /uff$ tight 7,fig4 #agi71 w d = our load4 ,illu/ration3 #agh1 #agi ,illu/ration3 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahe ,:5 pack+ a horse1 except ) su* hit*es z ! "o man hit*1 x requires two m5 or boys to ?r[ ! hit*4 ,! fir/ "o is kn[n z ! head pack]1 & ! o!r z ! second pack]4 ,rememb] t ! left-h& side ( ! horse is ! nigh side4 ,! head pack] /&s on ! nigh side ( ! horse & he takes ! coil$ la% rope 9 ! left h& & lets ! coils fall a/]n ( ! pack animal 7,fig4 #ahj72 ) ! "r h& he takes hold ( ! rope ab\t ?ree or f\r feet f ! c9*a 7,fig4 #ahj7 & h&s ! hook end "u ! animal to ! second pack]1 :o /&s on ! "r-h& side ( ! horse 7,fig4 #ahj74 ,! "r h& ( ! head pack]1 ) ! palm upw>ds1 s holds ! rope t ! loop w fall across 8 =e>m2 ! left h& ) ! palm d[nw>d holds ! rope ab\t half way betwe5 ! loop t goes ov] ! =e>m & ! loop t lies along ! back ( ! pack animal 7,fig4 #aha74 ,! head pack] n[ ?r[s ! loop f 8 =e>m across ! pack on ! back ( ! animal1 all[+ ! left h& to fall naturally on ! neck ( ! animal4 ,! second pack] n[ runs ! rope ?r\gh ! hook & pulls up ! c9*a end until ! hook is ne> ! l[] edge ( ! (f side ( ! ap>ejo 7,fig4 #ahc74 ,! head pack] next grasps ! rope ,a 7,fig4 #ahe7 & tucks a loop f ! re> to ! front "u ! "p m>k$ ,b 7,figs4 #ahe & #ahf71 ov] ! inn] side pack 7,figs4 #ahd & #ahg74 ,next ! second pack] passes ! loose end ( ! rope "u ! "p m>k$ ,d 7,fig4 #ahg71 & ?r[s x on ! nigh 7left7 side ( ! pack animals4 ,! head pack] n[ draws ! tuck$ loop =w>d & tucks x "u ! corn]s & ! l[] edge ( ! nigh side ( ! ap>ejo 7,fig4 #ahh71 !n holds x taut f ! re> corn]1 & ! second pack] takes hold ( ! rope at ,e 7,fig4 #ahi7 ) 8 left h&1 & at ,f 7,fig4 #ahg7 ) 8 "r h&4 ,he passes ! rope "u ! corn]s & l[] edge ( ! (f side ( ! ap>ejo 7,g1 ,h1 ,fig4 #ahi1 & ,g1 ,h1 ,fig4 #aia74 ,! second pack] n[ takes ! bl9d (f 8 pack animal & is suppos$ to lead x =w>d a few /eps :ile ! head pack] exam9es ! load f ! re> to see if x is prop]ly adju/$4 ,!n ! bl9d is aga9 put ^u ! animal = ! f9al tight5+ ( ! rope4 ,:ile ! second pack] is pull+ ! p>ts taut1 ! head pack] takes up ! slack & keeps ! pack /eady4 ,! tight5+ %\ld be done 9 su* a mann] z n to %ake ! pack out ( balance or position1 7,figs4 #ahh & #aij74 ,! second 7or (f side7 pack] grasps ! la% rope above ! hook1 & puts 8 knee aga9/ ! /]n corn] ( ! ap>ejo1 left-h& gr\p 7,fig4 #ahh74 ,! head pack] takes hold ) 8 "r h& ( ! same "p ( ! rope :]e x comes f ! pack on ! inn] side1 & ) ! left h& at ,j 7,fig4 #ahi71 & 8 "r %\ld] aga9/ ! c>go to /eady x1 he gives ! comm& ,,pull6 ,)\t j]ks1 b ) /eady pulls1 ! second pack] n[ tight5s ! rope1 tak+ c>e n to let x slip back ?r\gh ! hook4 ,he gives ! loose "p to ! head pack]1 :o takes up ! slack by /eady pulls4 ,illu/ration3 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh1 #ahi ,:5 ! second pack] is satisfi$ t x is all "r he cries1 ,en\gh6 ,! head pack] !n holds /eady ) 8 "r h& & slips ! o!r h& d[n to :]e ! rope passes ov] ! front edge ( ! ap>ejo4 ,!re he holds /eady2 8 "r h& !n takes hold ( ! cont9uation ( ! rope at ! back corn] ( ! pad & pulls tight4 ,plac+ 8 "r knee aga9/ ! re> corn] ( ! pad he pulls h>d ) bo? h&s until ! rope is well home1 left-h& gr\p 7,fig4 #ahh74 ,! second pack] n[ takes up ! slack by grasp+ ! rope ) bo? h&s1 ,e 7,fig4 #ahi74 ,! head pack] /eps to ! front to /eady ! pack4 ,! second pack] pulls taut ! p>ts on 8 side1 tak+ up ! slack4 ,?is draws ! "p ( ! la% rope ,k1 ,k 7,fig4 #ahi71 well back at middle ( ! pack1 giv+ ! c5t] hit* ! diamond %ape f :i* ! "n is d]iv$1 ,x 7,fig4 #aia74 ,he !n1 ) ! left h& at ! re> corn] ,h1 pulls taut & holds solid1 :ile ) ! "r h& 9 front ( ,g1 he takes up slack4 ,next ) bo? h&s at ! front corn] & ) 8 knee aga9/ x 7,fig4 #ahh71 ! second pack] pulls taut1 ! head pack] at ! same "t tak+ up ! slack on 8 side & !n pulls /eady1 draw+ ! "p ,l1 ,l 7,fig4 #ahi71 ( ! rope lead+ f ! hook well =w>d at ! middle ( ! pack1 f9i%+ (f ! diamond at ,x4 ,he !n c>ries ! loose end "u ! corn]s & ends ( ! ap>ejo1 & draws t taut & ties ! end fa/ by a half hit* ne> ! c9*a end ( ! la% rope4 ,aft] pass+ "u ! corn]s1 if ! rope is long en\gh to rea* ov] ! load1 x c !n be pass$ ov] & made fa/ on ! (f side by ty+ ar\nd bo? p>ts ( ! la% rope above ! hook & by draw+ !m well toge!r 7,fig4 #aia74 ,alongside ( ,fig4 #aij are a s]ies ( sket*es %[+ h[ to la% & c9* two p>cels or bags toge!r2 "o bag is made black s t its position c bett] be und]/ood4 ,9 o!r words1 x makes x easi] to foll[ ! diff]5t hit*es4 ,le>n to pack at home & y w n lose y\r packs on ! trail4 ,9 foll[+ ^! in/ructions1 :5ev] 9 d\bt =get ! p]spective views & keep 9 m9d ,figures #aha1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #ahj & #aia1 :i* tell ! :ole /ory4 ,! p]spective views are pr9cipally to %[ ! relative position ( ! pack]s2 ! position ( ! rope c be/ be se5 by look+ on top ( ! pack4 ,illu/ration3 #aij1 #aia ,9 pack+ a live horse y w le>n by practice n to pull 9 su* a way z to cause ! horse to /ep on y\r feet2 y w also le>n t a live horse w n /& z /ill z a wood5 horse1 b :5 y h le>n$ to pack a wood5 horse quickly & well1 x w only take y a %ort "t to become exp]t ) a live horse4 ,,! ,,squaw ,,hit*es ,^! are useful :5 "o has no "o to help 9 pack+ ! animal1 & :5 "o has no pack saddle l ,fig4 #bjj4 ,) ?is squaw hit* y mu/ ?r[ y\r burd5 across ! back ( ! horse1 ov] ! pad made by a blanket 7,fig4 #aib71 !n put a loop ov] ! end ,m1 see ,x 7,fig4 #aib71 & ano!r "o ov] ! end ,n1 see ,y 7,fig4 #aib74 ,at ! end ( ! la% rope ,z make a loop2 n[ pass t loop d[n "u ! horse's belly & ?r\gh ,y 7,fig4 #aic71 br+ ! end ,z back aga9 ov] ! horse's back1 also pass ! end ,t d[n ?r\gh ,x1 & br+ x back ov] ! horse's back1 also pass ! end ,z d[n ?r\gh ,y1 & br+ x back ov] ! horse's back1 pass ,t ?r\gh ,z 7,fig4 #aic71 c9* tight & fa/5 on top ( pack 7,fig4 #aid74 ,fig4 #aie %[s ano!r ?r[ 9 ano!r squaw hit*4 ,fig4 #aif %[s ! next position4 ,fig4 #aig %[s ! ?+ made fa/4 ,illu/ration3 #aib1 #aic1 #aid1 #aie1 #aif1 #aig1 #aih1 #aii1 #bjj ,,squaw ,,hit*es ,anyone :o travels ) pack horses %\ld "k h[ to arrange ! lead rope 9 a mann] s t x may be quickly & easily loos5$1 & at ! same "t be out ( ! way1 s t ! horse w n get 8 foot ov] x :5 climb+ or desc5d+ /eep places1 :i* (t5 happ5s :5 ! lead rope is fa/5$ to ! pack 9 ! usual mann]4 ,if y w take ! rope & w9d x loosely ar\nd ! horse's neck1 beh9d 8 left e> & 9 front ( 8 "r e> 7,figs4 #aih & #aii71 !n tuck ! end "u ! /r&s1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aih1 ! ?+ may be undone 9 an in/ant1 & 9 ! meantime ! rope is out ( ! way :]e x w n bo!r ei!r ! man or ! horse4 ,practise all ?is on ! wood5 horse1 !n x w come natural :5 ! "t comes to h&le a real horse4 ,! mann] ( loop+ up ! lead rope1 j describ$1 ,i le>n$ f ! explor]s ( ! ,mt4 ,mc,kinley exp$ition1 :o _h _m occasions to te/ ! be/1 z well z ! wor/ me?ods ( pack+ & arrang+ _! duffel4 ,!re are a numb] ( o!r hit*es1 "s giv5 by ,/ew>t ,edw>d ,:ite1 9 ,out+1 call$ ! ,m9]'s ,hit*1 ! ,lone ,pack]'s ,hit*1 b possibly we h giv5 ! read] en\gh to />t him on 8 way2 rememb] = ! pack horse ! necess>y outfit is a horse blanket1 ! c9*a & la% rope1 ! sl+ rope1 ! lead rope1 ! manta1 :i* is a cov] = ! pack1 sometimes call$ ! t>p--%ort = t>paul91 & ! bl9d1 b z a rule a h&k]*ief is us$ = a bl9d]4 ,! ap>ejo is a sort ( a lea!r mattress :i* goes ov] ! horse's back & on :i* ! pack re/s1 b y w f9d all ab\t t :5 y hit ! trail ) a pack tra94 ,! al=jas is a ,spani% "n = ! saddle-bags us$ on a pack horse4 ,:5 ! read] kn[s h[ to pack 8 horse1 kn[s all ! ,spani% names = ! pack saddle & all t sort ( ?+1 !re may come a "t :5 he w h a horse :i* ne$s to be hit*$ at night1 & x may happ5 he mu/ ne$s ,,hit* ,,! ,,horse ,on "s trail :]e !re are no trees1 /icks1 or ev5 /ones2 b if he is a good woodcraft] & pla9sman1 ) 8 hunt+ knife he w proce$ to dig z n>r[ & deep a hole z possible 9 ! e>?1 !n he w tie a knot 9 ! end ( ! picket rope & drop ! knot to ! bottom ( ! hole 7,fig4 #bja7 7! picket rope 9 reality %\ld be "o-half in* rope1 fifty feet long72 ! only way to get t knot out ( ! hole is to /& directly ov] ! op5+ & pull ! knot up p]p5dicul>ly4 ,x w nev] occur to ! horse to %ort5 ! l9e by tak+ hold ( x ) 8 tee?1 s t x may /& ov] ! hole & pull up ! knot1 consequ5tly ! animal w be z securely hit*$ z if ti$ to a po/4 ,illu/ration3 #bja1 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bjf1 #bjg1 #bjh ,,hobbles ,= ! front legs may be pur*as$ at any outfitt]'s 7,fig4 #bjb71 or home-made f unravell$ rope 7,fig4 #bjc74 ,make a loop f a /r& f a l>ge rope & !n fa/5 x r\nd "o leg1 z 9 diagram2 aft] t twi/ ! rope to make ! connections betwe5 ! two loops1 tie ano!r knot to prev5t ! rope f untwi/+1 !n tie ! two ends ar\nd ! leg ( ! horse 7,fig4 #bjc72 ! unravell$ rope is s(t & w n *afe ! horse's leg4 ,,travois ,figs4 #bjd & #bje %[ ! fam\s ,indian mode ( pack+ by travois4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,a ,,saddle ,,d[n ,g5]al ,miles once told ! au?or t ! h&some/ man he _h ev] se5 came da%+ into _! camp 9 a cl\d ( alkali du/2 hav+ ridd5 "r ?r\gh b&s ( ho/ile ,indians :i* surr\nd$ ! camp1 he dism\nt$1 took (f 8 saddle & ?rew x on ! gr\nd1 put ! bridle bit1 gir?1 etc41 inside ! saddle1 put ! saddle-clo? ov] x1 !n he calmly /ret*$ himself out 9 front ( ! campfire4 ,t man1 said ,g5]al ,miles1 0 ,bill ,cody1 ,buffalo ,bill6 ,:5 ,cody put ! saddle on ! gr\nd he plac$ x on its side 7,fig4 #bjf72 9 plac+ ! saddle 9 ?is position x pres]ves ! curve ( ! skirts1 & ?us ! =m ( ! saddle is n de/roy$ & ! re9s & ! /irrup /raps are protect$2 at ! same "t ! saddle makes a good pill[1 & if x %\ld ra9 at night ! saddle blanket is ! only ?+1 besides ! rid]1 :i* gets a duck+1 unless ! latt] has a good wat]pro( sleep+-bag4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,a ,,saddle ,,on ,a ,,horse ,s manage ! saddle t ) "o sw+ x w 'light on ! horse's back ) ! pummel t[>ds ! horse's head 7,fig4 #bjg74 ,grasp ) y\r "r h& ! horn ( ! saddle1 & z y sw+ ! saddle on ! horse ) a graceful sweep1 use y\r left h& to pu% ! fur!r skirt outw>d & ?us prev5t x f d\bl+ up on ! horse's back4 ,be c>eful to ?r[ ! gir? f> en\gh s t x w hang d[n s z to be easily rea*$ "u ! horse4 ,i once _h an ,engli% f>m h& :o put a we/]n saddle on a horse ) ! pummel t[>ds ! tail1 & 0 v indignant :5 ,i told him t a pummel %\ld face ! b[ ( a craft2 he told me he knew m ab\t horses ?an ,i did1 :i* is possibly true1 z ,i am n a horseman2 he also said t 9 ! hold c\ntry he us$ to ride to ! 'ounds1 all ( :i* goes to prove cu/oms are diff]5t 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,"h we put ! pummel ( ! saddle t[>ds ! horse's head2 we won't argue ab\t x2 we may be wrong1 b x is a matt] ( cu/om1 & "r or wrong is ! rule ! read] mu/ foll[ 9 ,am]ica1 ev5 ?\gh ! read] may h ridd5 to ! 'ounds :ile abroad4 ,d n misund]/& me1 "s ( ! be/ horsem5 9 ! _w are ,engli%1 b ?is fell[ 0 n "o ( !m4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,m\nt ,a ,,we/]n ,,horse ,ye>s ago :5 ! rid] 0 9 ,montana on ,h[>d ,eaton's ,ran*1 ne> ! celebrat$ ran* ( ,!odore ,roosevelt1 he _h 8 fir/ exp]i5ce ) ,we/]n horses1 & be+ s5sitive & /&+ 9 great t]ror ( be+ call$ a t5d]foot1 he %yly wat*$ ! o!rs m\nt be=e he attempt$ to d s himself4 ,ea* "o ( ^! pla9sm51 he notic$1 took ! re9s 9 8 left h& :ile /&+ on ! left-h& side ( ! horse2 !n hold+ ! re9s ov] ! %\ld]s ( ! horse he grasp$ ! mane ) ! same h&1 & put 8 left foot into ! /irrup2 b to put ! left foot 9 ! /irrup he turn$ ! /irrup ar\nd s t he c\ld m\nt :ile fac+ ! horse's tail1 !n he grabb$ hold ( ! pummel ) 8 "r h& & swung into ! saddle z ! horse />t$4 ,t look$ easy2 ! writ] also notic$ t j be=e ! o!rs /ruck ! saddle !y gave a :oop1 s )\t %[+ any hesitation ! au?or walk$ up to 8 cayuse1 took ! re9s confid5tly 9 8 left h&1 us+ c>e to /& on ! left-h& side ( ! horse2 !n he plac$ ! left h& ) ! re9s betwe5 ! %\ld]s ( ! horse & grabb$ ! mane1 !n he turn$ ! /irrup ar\nd1 turn$ 8 back to ! horse's head1 put 8 left foot 9 ! /irrup & gave a yell4 ,on sob] aft]?\ght he decid$ t he gave t yell too soon2 ! horse almo/ w5t out f "u him1 or at lea/ s x seem$ to him1 or maybe ! s5sation w\ld be bett] describ$ to say t x appe>$ to him z if he w5t a mile ov] ! prairie ) 8 "r leg wav+ 9 ! air l a "o-w+$ a]oplane1 be=e he f9ally settl$ d[n into ! saddle4 ,b ?is c\ld n h be5 really true1 because ev]ybody applaud$ & ! writ] 0 at once accept$ by ! cr[d )\t "q z a ?or\ghbr$ ,s\rd\gh4 ,possibly !y may h ?\ght he 0 feel+ good & j do+ "s /unts4 ,x may int]e/ ! read] to /ate t ! au?or did 8 be/ to live up to ! fir/ impression he _h made1 b he did n g rid+ ! next day1 !re 7 "s books he ?\ght necess>y to read2 he discov]$1 h[ev]1 t ev5 l\ng+ 0 n )\t "s discom=t2 = in/ance1 he c\ld n cross 8 knees )\t help+ "o leg ov] ) bo? 8 h&s2 9 fact1 he c\ld f9d no muscle 9 8 body t c\ld be mov$ )\t consid]able ex]tion & pa94 ,b ?is is ! po9t ( ! /ory3 ,_h ! au?or tri$ to m\nt t cayuse 9 any o!r way he w\ld h be5 left sprawl+ on ! prairie4 ,! tru? is t if y m\nt prop]ly :5 ! horse />ts1 ev5 if he beg9s to buck & pit*1 ! action w t5d to ?r[ y into ! saddle1 n out ( x4 ,,caution ,:5 y approa* a horse :i* has a br& on x1 always approa* f ! left-h& side1 because practically all ! ,we/]n horses h br&s on !m1 & y c1 z a rule1 c\nt on a br&$ horse be+ f ! ,we/1 ) ! hale & he>ty habits ( ! ,we/1 :i* to be appreciat$ mu/ be und]/ood4 ,if y want to make a real cayuse out ( y\r wood5 horse1 br& x & any c[boy :o !n sees x w take (f 8 hat4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,dogs4 ,,man ,,pack+ ,,hik+ ,,dogs1 ,,pack ,,dogs ,,h[ ,,to ,,pack ,a ,,dog ,,h[ ,,to ,,?r[ ,,! ,,dog ,,hit* ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,dog ,,travois ,,dog ,,z ,a ,,bea/ ,,( ,,burd5 ,,9 ,,europe ,,& ,,arctic ,,am]ica ,,man ,,pack+ ,,pack ,,rats ,,don',t ,,fight ,,y\r ,,pack ,,portage ,,pack ,,great ,,m5 ,,:o ,,h ,,c>ri$ ,a ,,pack ,,k9ds ,,( ,,packs ,,alp9e ,,rucksack ,,orig9 ,,( ,,broad ,,brea/ ,,/raps ,,make ,,y\r ,,own ,,outfits ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,dogs4 ,,man ,,pack+ ,,!re is no good reason :y e hik] %\ld n be accompani$ by ,a ,,hik+ ,,dog ,= if !re is any?+ a dog does love bett] ?an its own s\l x is to hike ) its ma/]1 & e normal boy & girl1 & e normal man & woman1 loves ! company ( a good dog4 ,:5 !y d n love x ! fault is n ) ! dog b ) !m2 !re is some?+ wrong ) !m t ! outdoor _w alone w cure4 ,b if a dog is go+ to enjoy ! pleasure ( a hike ) y1 if x is a good squ>e dog x %\ld be will+ to also %>e ! h>d%ips ( ! hike ) y1 & to help c>ry ! burd5s on ! trail4 ,any sort ( a dog c be tra9$ z ,a ,,pack ,,dog ,b ! /urdi] & /rong] ! dog is1 ! great] burd5 he c c>ry & ! m useful he w be on ! trail4 ,! al=jas = a dog1 or saddle-bags1 c be made by anyone :o is h&y ) a ne$le & ?read4 ,a dog pack consi/s prim>ily ( two bags or p\*es 7,figs4 #bji & #baj71 ) a yoke piece atta*$ to slide ov] ! dog's head & fit across ! *e/ 7,figs4 #bji1 #baj1 #baa & #bab74 ,also a c9*a to fa/5 ar\nd ! wai/ or small "p ( ! dog's body1 back ( its ribs4 ,! p\*es 7,fig4 #baj7 %\ld h a manta1 or cov] 7,figs4 #baa1 #bac1 & #bad71 to keep ! ra91 sn[ or du/ out ( ! duffel4 ,simple bags ( /rong light mat]ial on ! patt]n ( ,fig4 #baj are be/1 because ! weight ( any?+ unnecess>y is to be avoid$4 ,,! ,,dog ,,hit* ,is n z complicat$ an affair z ! diamond hit*1 & anyone :o kn[s h[ to d up an ord9>y p>cel c le>n ! dog hit* by "o glance at ,figs4 #bac & #bad4 ,slip ! brea/ b& ov] ! dog's head1 put ! saddle-bags well =w>d on ! dog's %\ld]s1 tie ! c9* ar\nd its wai/1 aft] :i* spread ! cov] or manta ov] ! bag1 & ?r[ ! hit* z %[n by ,figs4 #baa & #bad4 ,fig4 #bac %[s a bundle ) a brea/ b& made ( ! la% rope1 9 :i* case ! la% rope is usually made ( clo? l t 9 ,fig4 #baa2 ! :ole ?+ is simplicity itself & a good dog c c>ry q a load pack$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,illu/ration3 #bji1 #baj1 #baa1 #bab1 #bac1 #bad1 #bae1 #baf1 #bag ,a ,,dog ,,travois ,c also be us$ at times ) advantage1 z x 0 us$ by our r$ bro!rs ( ! wild]ness4 ,fig4 #bag %[s a dog h>ness$ to a travois1 made ( two %aft poles2 ! h>ness consi/s ( a padd$ coll> simil> to ^? us$ 9 ,nor!rn ,quebec = sl$ dogs1 & a c9*a ( lea!r or canvas & traces ( rope or ?ong4 ,figs4 #bae & #baf %[ a rig made by "o ( my ,boy ,sc\ts2 ! mat]ial us$ 0 ! gre5 sapl+s cut 9 ! woods1 ! traces 7 made ( rope manufactur$ f ! roots ( ! tam>ack tree1 s also 0 ! cord us$ to b9d ! p>ts ( ! frame toge!r4 ,! hooks to :i* ! traces 7 fa/5$ 7 made ( wire nails b5t ov]1 & ! /aples to :i* ! coll> 0 fa/5$ by ?ongs to ! %aft 7 made ( wire nails1 ! heads ( :i* 7 gr\nd (f by rubb+ !m on /ones2 ! nails 7 !n b5t into ! prop] curve & driv5 into ! %aft 9 ! =m ( a /aple4 ,fig4 #baf %[s ! same rig ) a lea!r h>ness4 ,! ,am]ican ,indian us$ ! travois on dogs ! same z !y did ^u horses & ! sudd5 appe>ance ( game (t5 produc$ a /amp$e ( dog travoises1 scatt]+ ! duffel1 includ+ papooses1 load$ on ! travois4 ,x is n expect$ t ! read] w make e "o ( ^! contrivances1 b if he does he w le>n ,h[1 & to be a good woodsman he %\ld "k h[1 s z to be prep>$ = any em]g5cy4 ,x is possible to make ! :ole pack = ! dog f bir* b>k1 b h[ev] x is made1 if x s]ves ! purpose ( mak+ ! dog c>ry "p ( ! pack1 :5 y put ! b>k on ! dog's back1 y w tea* ! animal t !re are two k9ds ( b>ks2 "o ( :i* is useful z a duffel bag1 & ! o!r z an al>m4 ,9 ,alaska & o!r p>ts ( ! f> ,nor?1 z well z 9 ,holl& & o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 ! dog is g5]ally us$ z a bea/ ( burd52 x draws sl$s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica & milk c>ts & m>ket wagons 9 ,holl&1 b x is n necess>y = u to live 9 ,holl& or 9 ! f> ,nor? 9 ord] to make use ( ! dog2 a good dog w *e]fully c>ry ! packs on ! trail1 loyally gu>d ! camp at night1 &1 if necess>y1 die 9 def5se ( its ma/]4 ,any uncom=table pack is an abom9ation2 too heavy a pack is an unhappy burd51 no pack at all is f9e--until y rea* camp & hunt ar\nd = some?+ to answ] = a too?bru%1 comb & bru%1 some?+ on :i* to sit & sleep1 some?+ ov]head to protect y f ! ra9s & dews ( heav51 some?+ to eat & some?+ to eat ) besides y\r f+]s1 some?+ f :i* to dr9k :i* holds wat] bett] ?an ! holl[ ( y\r h& or ! brim ( y\r hat1 &1 9 fact1 all ^? necess>y little com=ts t a fell[ wants on an ov]night hike4 ,)\t ^! useful articles "o w wi% t he _h subject$ himself to ! slight fatigue necess>y to pack a small pack on 8 back4 ,! ^w pack itself is a joy to ! outdoor man1 = x is only outdoor m5 :o use ! ^w pack = c>ry1 & :o call a bundle or load a pack4 ,! reason = ?is is t ! real wild]ness man1 explor]1 prospector1 hunt]1 trapp] or sc\t1 packs all 8 duffel into a bundle :i* he c>ries on 8 back1 9 two small saddle-bags :i* are c>ri$ by 8 husky dogs1 or a numb] ( well-balanc$ bundles :i* are la%$ on ! pack saddle ) a diamond hit* ov] ! back ( a pack horse4 ,y see we h pack dogs1 pack horses & pack animals1 pack saddles & pack]s1 z well z ! packs !mselves1 :i* ! pack]s pack & ^! animals pack on _! backs1 or :i* ! man himself packs on 8 own back4 ,!n we also h ! pack rat1 b ! pack rat does n c>ry ?+s ) our cons5t4 ,! pack rat comes flippity-flop1 hopp+ ov] ! gr\nd f ! old h]mit1 ,bill ,jones's1 pack+ ) him ,bill ,jones's false tee? :i* he has ab/ract$ f ! t9 cup ( wat] at ! head ( ,bill ,jones's bunk4 ,! pack rat deposits ! tee? at ! head ( y\r cot1 !n deftly pick+ up y\r wat*1 ! rat packs x back to ,bill ,jones's cot & drops x 9 ! t9 cup ( wat]1 :]e x soaks until morn+4 ,x is easy to see t h[ev] funny ! pack rat may be1 & h[ev] useful he might be to ! ,sunday comic pap]1 ! rat's humor is n appreciat$ by ! camp]s 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :]e x is call$ a pack rat f its habit ( c>ry+ ?+s4 ,?us x is t 9 a newly settl$ c\ntry ! ^w c>ry is almo/ =gott52 "o packs a lett] to ! po/ box1 or packs a horse to wat]1 or packs a box ( c&y to 8 be/ girl1 or a pail ( wat] f ! spr+4 ,,man ,,pack+ ,:5 y1 my good read]1 get ! pack adju/$ on y\r back & ! tump l9e across y\r =ehead 7,fig4 #bbf71 rememb] t y are be+ initiat$ into ! great frat]nity ( outdoor p4 ,b no matt] h[ t\gh or r\gh y may appe> to ! casual obs]v]1 y\r r\ghness is only app>5t2 a boy or man ( ref9em5t c>ries t ref9em5t inside ( him :]ev] he goes2 at ! same "t :5 "o is c>ry+ a pack on "o's back & a tump l9e on "o's =ehead 7,fig4 #bbf71 or a canoe on "o's head1 ev5 ?\gh a lady %\ld be met on ! trail x w\ld n be necess>y = "o to take (f "o's hat1 = ev5 a fooli% society woman w\ld n expect a man to d(f ! canoe he might be c>ry+ on 8 head4 ,"u all circum/ances use common s5se2 t is ! rule ( ! wild]ness & also ( real culture4 ,! mo/ important ?+ t y mu/ le>n on ! trail is n to fret & fume ov] trifles1 & ev5 if y\r load is heavy & irksome1 ev5 ?\gh ! %\ld] /raps *afe & ! tump l9e makes y\r neck a*e ,,don',t ,,fight ,,y\r ,,pack ,:5 we speak ( fight+ ! pack we mean fight+ ! load2 t does n mean gett+ "o's load up aga9/ a tree & pun*+ x ) "o's fi/s or kick+ ! /uff+s out ( x1 b x means compla9+ & frett+ because ! load is uncom=table4 ,!re are two k9ds ( packs--! pack t y c>ry day aft] day on a long hike1 & ! pack t y c>ry :5 on a canoe trip & y are compell$ to leave ! wat] & c>ry y\r canoe & duffel ov]l& ar\nd "s bad rapids or falls4 ,! fir/-nam$ pack %\ld be z light z possible1 say betwe5 #cj & #dj p\nds1 = on a long tramp e p\nd c\nts1 because y "k t y mu/ c>ry x z long z y keep go+1 & !re is no relief 9 sight except :5 y /op = y\r meals or to camp at night4 ,b ! la/-nam$ pack1 ! ,,portage ,,pack1 ,figs4 #bah & #bbc1 ! k9d t y c>ry ar\nd bad pieces ( wat]1 may be z heavy z y c1 ) safety1 load ^u y\r /urdy back1 because y\r m9d is buoy$ up by ! fact t y "k y w n h to c>ry t load v f>1 ! "w w end :5 y rea* ! wat] aga91 &--/range to say--! m9d has z mu* to d ) c>ry+ ! load z ! muscles4 ,if ! m9d gives up y w fall helpless ev5 "u a small load2 if ! m9d is /rong y w /agg] along "u a v heavy "o4 ,:5 ,i ask$ a fri5d1 :o be>s ! sc>s ( ! pack /raps on 8 body1 h[ x 0 t he manag$ to endure ! torture ( su* a load1 he repli$ ) a gr9 t z soon z he f\nd t to fight 8 pack meant to p]i%--meant dea?6--he made up 8 m9d to =get ! blam$ ?+ & s :5 ! pack we>i$ him & ! /raps rubb$ ! sk9 (f 8 body1 he =c$ himself to ?9k ( ! good d9n]s he _h _h at ! ,camp-fire ,club ( ,am]ica1 yum6 yum6 ,also1 ( all ! jolly /ories told by ! toa/ma/]1 & ( ! fun he _h _h at "s o!r ent]ta9m5ts4 ,(t5 :ile ?9k+ ( ^! ?+s he caught himself laugh+ out l\d z he trudg$ along ! lone trail1 ,,=gett+ ! hateful pack on 8 back4 ,9 ?is way1 said he1 ) a w9n+ smile ^u 8 manly & wea!r-beat5 face1 ,i le>n$ h[ n to fight ! pack b to ,,=get ,,x6 ,!n he brac$ himself up1 look$ at ! sn[-capp$ m\nta9 range ahead1 humm$ a little c[boy song & trudg$ on ov] ! froz5 sn[ at a sc\t's pace4 ,illu/ration3 #bah1 #bai1 #bbj1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bbf ,,details ,,( ,,man ,,packs ,n[ t y "k :at a pack is1 & :at fight+ a pack means1 rememb] t if "o's /udies at s*ool are h>d1 t is "o's pack4 ,if ! "w "o is do+ is h>d1 difficult or tiresome1 t is "o's pack4 ,if "o's boss is cross & exact+1 t is "o's pack4 ,if "o's p>5ts are worri$ & =get !mselves 9 _! worry & speak %>ply1 t is "o's pack4 ,don't fight y\r pack2 rememb] t y are a woodcraft]2 /raight5 y\r %\ld]s1 put on y\r sc\t smile & hit ! trail l a man6 ,if y f9d t y are tempt$ to break ! ,sc\t ,law1 t y are tempt$ at times to =get ! ,sc\t ,oa?1 t because y\r camp mates use language unfit = a woodcraft] or a sc\t1 & y are tempt$ to d ! same1 if y\r playmates play craps & smoke cig>ettes1 & laugh at y because y refuse to d s1 s t y are tempt$ to jo9 !m1 ^! temptations =m y\r pack2 don't give 9 & fall "u y\r load & :imp] l a sissy1 or a mollycoddle1 b /raight5 up1 look ! _w /raight 9 ! eye1 & hit ! trail l a man6 ,"s ( u are c>ry+ portage packs :i* we c dump (f our %\ld]s at ! end ( ! c>ry1 "s ( u are c>ry+ hik+ packs :i* we mu/ c>ry ?r\gh life & c nev] dump f our %\ld]s until we cross ! ,gr& ,portage f :i* no voyag]s ev] return4 ,all our packs v>y 9 weight1 b none ( !m is easy to c>ry if we fret & fume & compla9 "u ! load4 ,we outdoor folks call our load pack1 b our ,sunday ,s*ool tea*]s sometimes speak ( ! pack !y be> z a cross4 ,be x s1 b don't fight y\r pack4 ,,m5 ,,:o ,,h ,,c>ri$ ,,! ,,pack ,! :ole nor? c\ntry is spr9kl$ ) ! bones ( ! m5 :o f\ght _! packs4 ,our own l& is also spr9kl$ ) m5 we call misfits & failures1 b :o are really m5 :o h f\ght _! packs4 ,b e po/ ( em95ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is occupi$ by a man :o =got 8 pack2 ?is c\ntry 0 built by m5 :o =got _! packs4 ,george ,wa%+ton c>ri$ a portage pack 9 weight all ?r\gh 8 life1 b x 0 a pr\d burd5 & he /ood /raight "u x4 ,good old ,abe ,l9coln _h ev5 a heavi] pack to c>ry1 b 9 spite ( ! weight ( x he always _h a pleasant sc\t smile = ev]yone & a m]ry /ory to s5d ! visitor away smil+4 ,if ,daniel ,boone & ,simon ,k5ton _h f\ght _! packs we w\ld nev] h he>d ( !m6 ,9 ! illu/rations are %[n _m figures1 & "o %\ld n =get t ^! are sket*es ( real m5 9 ! real wild]ness1 & n fancy pictures drawn f imag9ation4 ,figs4 #bcj1 #bca & #bcb %[ _m diff]5t me?ods ( c>ry+ big game on "o's %\ld]s or back4 ,fig4 #bcb also %[s a c\ple ( prospectors on ! trail4 ,"o has ! bag on 8 back1 held 9 place by %\ld] /raps2 ! o!r has a bag ?r[n ov] 8 %\ld] l a ragman4 ,! alp9e rucksack w c>ry--or to speak m prop]ly--) x "o c pack a cam]a1 notebook1 sket*+ mat]ial1 lun* & all ^? ?+s :i* a fell[ wants on an enjoyable hike4 ,! alp9e rucksack is a _m-gor$ poke ab\t #ah in*es wide & ab\t #bb in*es long )\t ! gores4 ,^! pokes c be made s t ! gores fold 9 & produce an ord9>y-siz$ pack1 or !y may be pu%$ out l an umbrella s z to make a bag 9 :i* "o c c>ry a good-siz$ boy4 ,illu/ration3 #bbg1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bcj1 #bca1 #bcb;,d ,,man ,,pack+ ,,! ,,broad ,,b& ,fig4 #bcb;,d %[s ! broad b& us$ by ! m5 ( ! f> nor?4 ,! read] w note t ! broad canvas b&s come ov] ! %\ld]s f ! top ( ! pack2 also t a broad brea/ b& connects ! %\ld] b&s1 :ile rope1 :ang /r+s or ?ongs run ?r\gh eyelets 9 ! b& & to ! bottom ( ! pack4 ,?is is said to be ! mo/ com=table pack us$ & has an int]e/+ hi/ory2 x 0 evolv$ f an old pair ( ov]alls4 ,!re 0 a ,hebrew p$dl] :o foll[$ ! gold seek]s & he took a pair ( canvas ov]alls & put !m across 8 brea/1 & to ! legs he fa/5$ ! pack ^u 8 back4 ,! ov]alls be+ wide & broad did n cut 8 *e/1 z d small] /raps1 ?ongs or :ang /r+s4 ,b brea/ /raps ( any k9d are n n[ recomm5d$ by all au?orities4 ,x is claim$ t !y int]f]e ) ! brea?+ & a fell[ m\*+ along ! trail ne$s to h 8 *e/ free to exp&1 = n only 8 spe$ b 8 endurance dep5ds ^u ! free action ( 8 lungs4 ,,! ,,tump ,figs4 #bbf & #bbf %[ ! use ( ! celebrat$ tump /rap4 ,?is tump /rap is us$ f ,c5tral ,am]ica to ! ,arctic ,circle4 ,! ,mexican wat] c>ri] uses x to tote 8 burd52 ! ,tete ,bule ,indian & ! ,mont5ais ,indian 9 ! ,nor!a/ also c>ry _! packs ) a tump l9e4 ,fig4 #bbf %[s h[ ! tump l9e is made4 ,x is a /rap or la% rope ) a broad b& to fit ov] ! pack]'s head1 & ?us relieve ! weight :i* ! %\ld]s h to be>4 ,fig4 #bah %[s ! well-kn[n portage pack basket :i* is us$ by ! guides 9 ! ,adirondack regions4 ,fig4 #bai %[s ! ,nessmuk knapsack4 ,fig4 #bbb %[s a pack h>ness ( /raps by :i* two duffel bags are borne on ! back4 ,fig4 #bbe %[s a duffel bag :i* is lac$ up at "o end ) a ?ong2 also ! end ( ! bag op54 ,,! ,,duffel ,,bag ,,is ,,useful ,! duffel bag is ! ideal poke 9 :i* to pack "o's1 belong+s4 ,x is wat]pro(1 x makes a good pill[1 a f> bett] pill[ ?an an axe & pair ( boots on :i* ,i myself h re/$ my we>y head _m a night1 & x also makes a good cu%ion ^u :i* to sit4 ,! duffel bag may be procur$ f any outfitt+ e/abli%m5t4 ,! ones ,i own are n[ %9y ) dirt & grease1 ga!r$ f ! camps & =e/s ext5d+ f ,ma9e to ! ,/ate ( ,wa%+ton1 f ,nor!rn ,quebec to ,florida4 ,i love ! old bags1 = ev5 ?\gh !y be greasy & %9y1 & black5$ ) ! *>coals ( _m campfires1 !y are *uck full ( delightful memories4 ,fig4 #bbj is ! old-"t poke made ( a b&anna h&k]*ief1 ) its ends ti$ toge!r & swung ov] a /ick4 ,?is is ! pack1 a cut ( :i* may be f\nd 9 all ! old newspap]s ant$at+ ! ,civil ,w>1 :]e runaway negroes are adv]tis$4 ,x is ! sort ( pack respectable tramps us$ to c>ry1 back 9 ! times :5 tramps 7 respectable4 ,x is ! k9d ( pack ,i f9d repres5t$ 9 an old oil pa9t+ hang+ on my d9+-room wall1 :i* 0 pa9t$ by "s ,european arti/ back 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,:5 fell[s c>ry ! runaway pack !y are travel+ light4 ,fig4 #bbi %[s h[ to con/ruct a make%ift pack4 ,a rope ( c$> b>k is arrang$ ) a loop ,c 7,fig4 #bbi71 = ! yoke ! ends ,a & ,b are br\ght up "u ! arms & ti$ to ! yoke ,c1 :i* !n makes a brea/ b&4 ,= a long hike ?irty p\nds is en\gh = a big boy to c>ry1 & x w weigh ?ree hundr$ & fifty p\nds at ! end ( a h>d day's tramp4 ,heavy packs1 big packs1 l ^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #bbc1 are only us$ on a portage1 t is1 = %ort di/ance4 ,( c\rse1 y fell[s "k t 9 all canoe trips ( any consequ5ce "o mu/ cross ov]l& f "o lake to ano!r1 or ov]l& above a wat]fall to a safe place bel[ x1 or ar\nd quick wat]1 or to put x 9 ! words ( t5d]feet1 wat] :i* is too quick = canoe travel1 ar\nd tumultu\s rapids :]e "o mu/ c>ry 8 canoe & duffel4 ,b ^! c>ries or portages are seldom long4 ,! longe/ ,i rememb] ( mak+ 0 a trifle ov] five miles 9 l5g?4 ,rememb] t ! weight ( a load dep5ds a great deal ^u y\r m9d4 ,consequ5tly = a long di/ance ! load %\ld be light2 = a %ort di/ance ! only limit to ! load is ! limit ( ! pack]'s /r5g?4 ,,b ,p diff] s 9 reg>d to h[ to c>ry a pack & :at k9d ( a pack to c>ry1 t ! au?or hesitates to recomm5d any p>ticul> sort2 p]sonally he ?9ks t a pack h>ness hit*$ on to ! duffel bags 7,figs4 #bba1 #bbb & #bbd71 is ! prop] & practical ?+4 ,duffel bags1 by ! way1 are wat]-pro( canvas bags 7,fig4 #bbe71 made ( diff]5t sizes1 9 :i* to pack "o's clo!s1 food1 or :at n4 ,! portage basket 7,fig4 #bah71 is a favorite 9 ! ,adirondacks1 b x is n a favorite ) ! writ]2 ! basket itself is heavy & to 8 m9d unnecess>y1 ! knapsack 7,fig4 #bai71 is good = %ort hikes :5 "o does n h to c>ry mu*4 ,! be/ way = ! read] to d is to exp]im5t1 see h[ mu* ( a load he c c>ry2 fifty p\nds is m ?an en\gh = a big /rong man to c>ry all day long1 day 9 & day out1 & =ty p\nds is m ?an he wants to c>ry1 b a good husky boy may be able to c>ry =ty p\nds on 8 back4 ,at ! ,army & ,navy /ores & at ! outfitt]'s y c f9d all sorts ( duffel bags & knapsacks1 & at any ( ! big outfitt+ /ores !y w tell y j :at k9d ( baggage y w ne$ = ! p>ticul> trip1 = someone 9 ! /ores has be5 ov] ! v gr\nd t y are go+ ov]1 = all ! cl]ks & proprietors ( ! outfitt+ /ores are sportsm54 ,b--yes1 !re is a b--! real g5u9e ,am]ican boy w con/ruct 8 own outfit duffel bags1 mess kit & t5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,prep>+ ,,= ,,camp+ ,,trip ,,port]s ,,( ,,! ,,portage ,,old-,,"t ,,indian ,,fight]s ,,& ,,wild ,,animals ,,mod]n ,,/amp$e ,,= ,,! ,,op5 ,,h[ ,,to ,,get ,,ready ,,= ,,camp ,,cut ,,y\r ,,f+] ,,nails ,,g ,,to ,,y\r ,,d5ti/ ,,get ,a ,,hair ,,cut ,a ,,bucksk9 ,,man',s ,,pocket ,,fly ,,dope ,,protection ,,aga9/ ,,black ,,flies1 ,,mosquitoes1 ,,midgets ,,& ,,no-,,see-,,ums ,,! ,,call ,,( ,,! ,,wild ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,prep>+ ,,= ,,camp+ ,,trip ,,_m p are s accu/om$ to h o!r p wait ^u !m t !y are absolutely funny :5 y meet !m 9 ! woods2 :5 _! canoe runs its pr[ up ^u ! s&y bea* & !re is a portage to make1 su* p /& helplessly ar\nd wait+ = "s r$-capp$ port] to come & take _! baggage1 b ! only r$ caps 9 ! woods are ! r$-head$ woodpeck]s & !y w see y 9 ,g]many be=e !y w help tote y\r duffel across ! portage4 ,:5 "o gets into ! real woods1 ev5 if x is only 9 ,ma9e1 ,wiscons91 ! ,adirondacks1 or ! ,s\!rn p9e =e/s1 "o soon discov]s t !re are no drug /ores ar\nd ! corn]1 ! doctor is a long way (f1 ! but*]1 ! bak]1 ! c&le-/ick mak]1 trolley c>s1 telephone & taxi cabs are n )9 rea*1 sight or he>+2 !n a fell[ beg9s to realize t x is up to himself to tote 8 own luggage1 to build 8 own fires1 to make 8 own %elt]s1 & ev5 to help put up ! o!r fell[s' t5ts1 or to cook ! meals4 ,yes1 & to wa% ! di%es1 too6 ,"o reason we outdoor p love ! woods is t x develops self-reliance & increases our self-respect by increas+ our ability to d ?+s2 we love ! "w1 we love ! h>d%ip1 we l to get out ( sight ( ! becapp$ maids1 ! butl] & ! smirk+ wait]s wait+ = a tip1 & = ! same reason ! real hone/-to-goodness ,am]ican boys love a camp4 ,:y bless y\r s\l6--e "o ( !m 9 8 inmo/ he>t regrets t he did n live away back 9 ! "t :5 ! long-hair$ ,wetzel1 ,daniel ,boone & ,simon ,k5ton rov$ ! woods1 or at lea/ back :5 ,colonel ,bill ,cody1 ,buffalo ,jones & ,yell[/one ,kelly 7 da%+ ov] ! pla9s ) ,g5]al ,miles1 ,g5]al ,bell & ! picturesque blond1 long-hair$ ,g5]al ,cu/]4 ,sometimes ! au?or is himself guilty ( su* wi%es1 & he us$ to dream ( ^? days :5 he 0 a b>efoot$ boy4 ,b1 hone/ n[1 is x n really too bad t !re are no long] any ho/ile ,indians8 ,& :at a pity t improv$ fire>ms h made ! big game s v %y t x is afraid ( a man ) a gun6 ,b *e] up1 ! joy ( camp+ is n altoge!r ru9$1 because we d n h to fight all day to save our scalps f be+ export$1 or ev5 because ! grizzly be>s refuse to *ase u up a tree1 & ! m\nta9 lions or pa9t]s decl9e to drop f an ov]hang+ limb on our backs4 ,rememb] t all ?+s come to him :o w b wait3 t is1 if he works = ^! ?+s :ile he is do+ ! wait+4 ,! ,*ief has sp5t 8 "t & en]gy = ! la/ ?irty odd ye>s hamm]+ away at two ideas3 ! big outdoors = ! boys1 & ,am]icanism = all ! p4 ,?ank ! ,"l1 he has liv$ long en\gh to see ! boys /amp$e = ! op5 & ! p = ,am]icanism4 ,because ( ! /amp$e = ! op51 9 :i* p ( all ages h jo9$1 !re are s _m k9ds ( camps n[adays3 sc\t camps1 soldi] camps1 tra9+ camps1 recreation camps1 girls' camps & boys' camps1 t x is some:at difficult = a writ] to tell :at to d 9 ord] to ,be ,prep>$4 ,!re are freight c> side-track camps1 gypsy wagon camps1 h\seboat camps1 old-fa%ion$ camp-meet+ camps & picnic camps2 ! latt] dot ! %ores ( ,new ,j]sey1 ! lake sides at ,seattle1 & _! t5ts are m+l$ ) big black b\ld]s ar\nd ,spokane2 y w f9d !m on ! %ores ( ,devil's ,lake1 ,nor? ,dakota1 & 9 ! few groves t are back ( ,w9nipeg1 ,manitoba4 ,b su* camps h little attraction = ! real h>d-boil$ camp]1 & h no bett] claim to be+ ! real ?+ ?an ! m or less gr& palaces built 9 ! woods1 cam\flag$ outside ) logs or b>k1 & call$ camps by _! untru?ful own]s2 su* p belittle ! "n ( camp & if !y want to be hone/ !y %\ld /ick to ! bungl+ bungal[--b wait a m9ute--ev5 t is f>-fet*$2 ! bungal[ belongs 9 ,ea/ ,india & looks z mu* l "o ( ^! ,am]ican h\ses z a corn-crib does l a *ur*4 ,:5 we talk ( camp+ we mean liv+ "u b>k1 bru% or canvas 9 ! h[l+ wild]ness1 or z ne> a h[l+ wild]ness z our money & "t w p]mit u to rea*2 9 o!r words1 we want a camp 9 ! wilde/ place we c f9d1 except :5 we g to our own sc\t camp1 & ev5 !n we l x bett] if x is locat$ 9 a wild1 romantic spot4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,get ,,ready ,,= ,,camp ,!re are "s little p]sonal ?+s to :i* "o %\ld give "o's att5tion be=e />t+ on a long trip4 ,if x is go+ to be a real wild camp+ trip x is be/ to g to ! b>b] %op & get a good hair cut j be=e "o />ts4 ,also "o %\ld trim "o's nails d[n z close z com=t w all[4 ,long nails1 if !y are well manicur$1 w d = ! draw+ room & = ! (fice1 b 9 camp !y h a habit ( turn+ back 7,fig4 #bcb7--;& gee willik5s1 h[ !y hurt6 ,or !y w split d[n into ! quick 7,fig4 #bcc7 & t hurts "s1 too6 ,s trim !m d[n snug & close2 d x be=e y />t pack+ up y\r ?+s1 or y may hurt y\r f+]s :ile pack+4 ,b ev5 be=e trimm+ y\r nails ,,g ,,to ,,y\r ,,d5ti/ ,& insi/ ^u him mak+ an exam9ation ( e too? 9 y\r head2 a too?a*e is bad en\gh any:]e1 goodness kn[s1 b a too?a*e away out 9 ! woods ) no help 9 sight w provoke a sa9t to use expressions n all[$ by ! ,sc\t ,manual4 ,! ,*ief kn[s :at he is talk+ ab\t--he has be5 !re6 ,he once rode ov] ,horse ,pla9s alongside ( a fri5d :o _h a bad too?1 & ! fri5d 0 a real sa9t6 ,8 jaw 0 swell$ out l a rubb] balloon1 b he did n use "o naughty ^w on ! trip1 not)/&+ e jolt ( t horse 0 l /ick+ a knife 9 him4 ,! writ] c\ld n help x2 he 0 ?\ghtlessly cruel & he laugh$ at 8 fri5d's lugubri\s expression--,take he$1 d n be z cruel z 0 ! writ]1 = soon] or lat] y w pay = su* ?\ghtless levity4 ,x 0 only next season1 away up 9 ! m\nta9s ( ! ,briti% possessions on ! ,pacific ,coa/1 t ! fri5d's turn came to laugh at ! au?or z ! latt] nurs$ an ulc]at$ too?4 ,w[6 ,w[6 ,w[6 ,well1 nev] m9d ! details1 !y are too pa9ful to talk ab\t1 b rememb] ! lesson t !y tea*--,g to ! ,d5ti/ & get a clean bill ( heal? on ! too? "q be=e y />t = a l5g?y camp4 ,illu/ration3 #bcb1 #bcc1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdc1 #bdd ,,p]sonal ,,items ,a ,,bucksk9',s ,,pocket ,a ,,bucksk9 ,,man',s ,,pocket ,:5 we speak ( 8 pocket t includes all ( 8 clo!s1 because on ! inside ( 8 coat1 if he we>s "o1 are /uck an array ( safety p9s 7,fig4 #bcd71 b usually ! p9s are fa/5$ onto 8 %irt4 ,a safety p9 is z useful to a man 9 camp z is a hairp9 to a woman1 & a woman c camp ) no o!r outfit b a box ( hairp9s4 ,"o c use safety p9s = clo!sp9s :5 "o's socks are dry+ at night1 "o c use !m to p9 up ! blankets & ?us make a sleep+-bag ( !m1 or "o c use !m = ! purpose ( tempor>ily m5d+ rips & te>s 9 "o's clo!s4 ,^! are only a few ( ! uses ( ! safety p9 on ! trail4 ,aft] "o has travel$ ) safety p9s "o comes to believe t !y are almo/ indisp5sable4 ,9 "o ( ! pockets !re %\ld be a lot ( ba*elor buttons1 ! sort t y d n h to sew on to y\r clo!s1 b :i* fa/5 ) a snap1 some?+ l glove buttons4 ,!re %\ld be a pocket made 9 y\r %irt or ve/ to fit y\r notebook 7,fig4 #bdd71 & a "p ( x /it*$ up to hold a p5cil & a too?bru%4 ,y\r "m c d ?is at home = y be=e y leave4 ,!n y %\ld h a good jack-knife2 ,i always c>ry my jack-knife 9 my hip pocket4 ,a pocket compass1 "o t y h te/$ be=e />t+ on y\r trip1 %\ld lodge com=tably 9 "o ( y\r pockets1 & hit*$ 9 y\r belt %\ld be y\r nogg9 c>v$ f a burl f a tree 7,fig4 #bce72 x %\ld be c>ri$ by slipp+ ! toggle 7,fig4 #bcf7 und]nea? ! belt4 ,also 9 ! belt y %\ld c>ry "s :ang /r+s 7,fig4 #bcg72 d\ble ! :ang /r+s up s t ! two ends come toge!r1 tuck ! loop ?r\gh y\r belt until x comes out at ! o!r side1 !n put ! two ends ( ! /r+ ?r\gh ! loop & ! :ang /r+s are fa/ b easily pull$ out :5 ne$$2 :ang /r+s are ! same z belt la%+s4 ,a small :et/one 7,fig4 #bch7 c f9d a place some:]e ab\t y\r clo!s1 probably 9 ! o!r hip pocket1 & x is mo/ useful1 n only ) :i* to put an edge on y\r knife b also on y\r axe4 ,inside ! sweat b& ( y\r hat1 or ar\nd ! cr[n on ! outside ( y\r hat1 c>ry a gut lead] ) m$ium-siz$ artificial flies atta*$1 & ar\nd y\r neck knot a big gaudy b&anna h&k]*ief 7,fig4 #bci72 x is a mo/ useful article2 x c be us$ 9 :i* to c>ry y\r game1 food or duffel1 or = w>m?1 or worn ov] ! head = protection f insects 7,fig4 #bdj74 ,9 ! latt] case put x on y\r head "u y\r hat & all[ x to hang ov] y\r %\ld]s l ! havelock worn by ! soldi]s ( '#fa4 ,c>ry y\r belt axe ?ru/ ?r\gh y\r belt at y\r back 7,fig4 #bda71 :]e x w be out ( ! way1 n at y\r side z y d on p>ade4 ,no camp]1 be he hunt]1 fi%]man1 sc\t1 naturali/1 explor]1 prospector1 soldi] or lumb]man1 %\ld g into ! woods )\t a notebook & h>d lead p5cil 7,fig4 #bdb74 ,rememb] t notes made ) a h>d p5cil w la/ long] ?an ^? made ) ink1 & be readable z long z ! pap] la/s4 ,e sci5ti/ & e surveyor kn[s ?is & x is only t5d]feet1 :o use a s(t p5cil & f\nta9 p5 = mak+ field notes1 because an upset canoe w blur all ink m>ks & ! con/ant rubb+ ( ! pages ( ! book w smudge all s(t p5cil m>ks4 ,!re=e1 h a pocket especially made 7,fig4 #bdd71 s t y\r notebook1 p5cil & f\nta9 p5 7,fig4 #bdc71 if y insi/ ^u includ+ x--w fit snugly ) no *ance ( dropp+ out2 also make a sep>ate pocket = y\r too?bru% :i* %\ld be kept 9 an oil-sk9 bag 7,fig4 #bdc74 ,a piece ( c&le 7,fig4 #bde7 is n only a mo/ conv5i5t ?+ ) :i* to light a fire on a ra9y day1 b x has (ttimes prov$ a life sav] to ,nor!rn explor]s b5umb$ ) ! cold4 ,x is a comp>atively easy ?+ to light a c&le "u ! %elt] ( "o's hat or coat1 ev5 9 a driv+ ra94 ,:5 "o's f+]s are numb or ev5 fro/$1 & ) ! c&le flame "o c />t a life-sav+ fire2 s d n =get y\r c&le /ub z a "p ( y\r pocket outfit4 ,9 ! black fly belt x is wise to add a bottle ( fly dope 7,fig4 #bea7 to "o's p]sonal equipm5t4 ,if y make y\r own fly dope h a sl[ fire & all[ to simm] ov] x #c oz4 p9e t> #b oz4 ca/or oil #a oz4 p5nyroyal or heat #c oz4 ( p9e t> ) two oz4 ( olive oil & !n /ir 9 #a oz4 ( p5nyroyal1 #a oz4 ( citronella1 #a oz4 ( creosote & #a oz4 ( camphor4 ,if y propose travel+ :]e !re are black flies & mosquitoes1 let y\r "m sew onto a pair ( old kid gloves "s *9tz or calico sleeves t w rea* f y\r wri/s to above y\r elb[ 7,fig4 #bdf71 cut ! tips ( ! f+]s (f ! gloves s t y may be able to use y\r h&s h&ily1 & h an ela/ic 9 ! top ( ! sleeve to hold !m onto y\r arm4 ,rigg$ ?us1 ! black flies & mosquitoes c only bite ! ends ( y\r f+]s1 &1 sad to say1 !y w soon f9d :]e ! ends ( ! f+]s are locat$4 ,a piece ( *eese clo?1 fitt$ ov] ! hat to hang d[n ov] ! face1 w protect t "p ( y\r anatomy f insects 7,fig4 #bdf71 b if !y are n v bad use fly dope 7,fig4 #bea71 & add a bottle ( x to y\r pocket outfit4 ,"o doesn't look pretty :5 daub$ up ) fly dope1 b we are 9 ! woods = sport & adv5ture & n to look pretty4 ,our vanity case has no lip /ick1 r\ge or face p[d]2 x only possesses a too?bru% & a bottle ( fly dope4 ,c]ta9 times ( ye>1 :5 "o goes camp+ 9 ! neighborhood ( ! tr\t brooks1 "o ne$s to ,,be ,,prep>$1 = "o c cat* m tr\t & enjoy fi%+ bett] if protect$ aga9/ ! attacks ( ! black flies1 mosquitoes1 midges & no-see-ums4 ,illu/ration3 #bde1 #bdf1 #bdf1 #bdg1 #bdg;,a1 #bdh1 #bdi 7a1 b71 #bej1 #bea ,any?+ swung by a /rap across "o's %\ld] w 9 "t cut ! %\ld]s pa9fully unless !y are protect$ by a pad 7,fig4 #bdf74 ,a few y>ds ( mosquito nett+ or *eese clo? occupies little space & is ( little weight1 b is v useful z a protection at night4 ,b5d a w& 7,fig4 #bdg7 into a hoop & b9d ! ends toge!r 7,fig4 #bdg;,a71 ) safety p9s2 p9 ?is 9 ! nett+ & susp5d ! net f its c5t] by a /ick 7,fig4 #bdh74 ,! black fly1 ,c 7,fig4 #bdi71 is a v small hump-back$ pe/1 ! "y 7l>v7 7,fig4 #bdi;a7 live 9 cold1 cle> runn+ wat]2 ,fig4 #bdi;b is ! cocoon4 ,!re are _m k9ds ( mosquitoes2 all ( !m are ,bol%eviks1 & ) ! black flies & o!r v]m9 !y argue t s9ce nature made !m ) blood suck]s & provid$ y ) ! sort ( blood t !y l1 !y h an inh]5t "r to suck y\r blood--& !y d x6 ,b "s mosquitoes are regul> ,huns & pr(essional g]m c>ri]s1 & besides annoy+ "o !y skillfully ins]t ! g]ms ( mal>ia & yell[ fev] into "o's sy/em4 ,! mal>ia mosquitoes are kn[n z anopheles4 ,! highbr[ "n = ! ,unit$ ,/ates mal>ia di/ributor is ,anopheles quadrimaculatus 7,fig4 #bej;,f74 ,x is only ! females t y ne$ fe>2 drone bees d n /+ & buck mosquitoes d n bite4 ,fig4 #bej;d %[s l[] & upp] side ( ! anopheles's egg4 ,fig4 #bej;e is ! wiggl] or l>v ( ! anopheles2 ! anopheles likes to let ! blood run to its head1 & any c>eful obs]v] w "k him at a glance f 8 pose :ile re/+ 7,fig4 #bej;g74 ,( c\rse1 y w n ne$ fly dope on ! picnic gr\nds1 & y w n ne$ y\r pocket compass on ! turnpike hike1 & y w n ne$ y\r jack-knife ) :i* to eat at ! bo>d+ h\se or hotel1 b we ,boy ,sc\ts are ! real ?+2 we g to hotels & bo>d+ h\ses & picnics :5 we mu/1 b n :5 we c f9d real adv5ture 9 wild] places4 ,we %\t3 ,!re is life 9 ! ro> ( plung+ /reams1 ,!re is joy 9 ! campfire's blaze at night4 ,h>k6 ! elk bugles1 ! pan!r screams6 ,& ! %aggy bison roll & fight4 ,let y\r ?robb+ he>t surge & b\nd1 ,li/ to ! :oop ( ! pa9t$ ,r$s2 ,pass ! flapjacks m]rily r\nd ,z ! gray wolf h[ls 9 ! riv] b$s4 ,we we>y ( our cu%ions ( re/2 ,god ( our ,fa!rs1 give back our ,we/4 ,:at c>e we = luxury & ease8 ,d>n ! tall h\ses1 give u tall trees6 ,h[ev] crude ^! v]ses may be1 ! s5tim5t is all "r4 ,b may be x w express our idea bett] if we d n attempt rhyme4 ,suppose we try x ?is way-- ,li/5 to ! :i/le ( ! m>mots2 ,! hoot+ ( ! b>r$ owl1 ! bugl+ ( ! elk6 ,! yap1 yap1 yap ( ! coyote1 ! wild laugh ( ! loon2 ,! dismal h[l ( ! timb] wolf1 ,! grunt+ ( ! bull moose1 ! ro>+ ( ! torr5t1 ,& ! cra%+ ?und] ( ! avalan*e6 ,ah1 t's ! talk2 ^! are ! words & s\nds t make ! blood 9 "o's ve9s t+le l g+] ale4 ,:y d all r$-blood$ m5 & real ,am]ican boys l to he> ,! crun*+ ( ! dry sn[2 ,! flap1 flap1 flap ( sn[%oes2 ,! cl9k+ ( ! spurs & bits2 ,! creak+ ( ! saddle lea!r2 ,! brea?+ ( ! bronco2 ,! babbl+ ( ! rivulet2 ,! :isp] ( ! p9es1 ,! twitt] ( ! birds4 ,& ! dron+ ( bees4 ,:y8 ,because 9 ^! s\nds we get ! dampness ( ! moss1 ! almond-l odor ( tw9 fl[]s1 ! burn+ dryness ( ! s&1 ! /+ ( ! fro/1 ! grit ( ! rocks & ! tang ( old "m e>?6 ,!y possess ! magic p[] ( sugge/ion4 ,by simply repeat+ ^! words we transport our s\ls to ! wild]ness1 set our spirits free1 & we are once aga9 :at ,god made u2 natural & normal boys1 li/5+ to nature's great runes1 odes1 epics1 lyrics1 poems1 ballads & r\ndelays1 z sung by ,god's own b>ds6 ,,pack+ ,:5 pack+1 rememb] t a p>tly fill$ bag 7,fig4 #beb7 is easy to pack1 easy to c>ry on "o's %\ld]s2 b a tightly fill$ bag 7,fig4 #bec7 is a nuisance on ! trail4 ,:5 ,illu/ration3 #beb1 #bec1 #bed1 #bee1 #bef1 #beg1 #beh1 #bei1 #bfj1 #bfa1 #bfb1 #bfc1 #bfd1 #bfe1 #bff1 #bfg1 #bfh1 #bfi1 #bgj1 #bga ,,mak+ ,a ,,pack ,,mak+ ,a ,,pack ,to %ip z baggage1 fold ! blankets l5g?wise 7,fig4 #bed71 place !m 9 ! middle ( y\r t>paul9 or floor clo? 7,fig4 #bed72 fold ! cov] ov] 7,fig4 #bee71 !n tuck 9 ! ends & roll ! package into a bundle & c9* 7,figs4 #bee & #bef74 ,a ,,sleep+-,,bag ,c be improvis$ f "o's blankets by ! use ( safety p9s 7,fig4 #beg74 ,a section ( ! bag 7,fig4 #beh7 %[s h[ ! blankets are d\bl$4 ,to make a ,,back ,,pack ,fold z 9 ,fig4 #bei1 !n b5d up ! end z indicat$ by ,figs4 #bfj & #bfa1 fold aga91 ,fig4 #bfb1 !n fold 9 ! two edges1 ,figs4 #bfc & #bfd1 :i* %[ bo? sides ( pack2 b5d ov] ! top1 ,figs4 #bfe & #bff1 & /rap ready to c>ry1 ,figs4 #bfg & #bfh4 ,= a ,,blanket ,,roll ,fold z 9 ,fig4 #bfi2 b5d 9 ! ends & roll 7,fig4 #bgj74 ,/rap or la% ! ends toge!r 7,fig4 #bga74 ,,*apt] ,x ,,saddles ,,h[ ,,to ,,*oose ,a ,,saddle ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,mexican ,,saddle ,,bir? ,,( ,,! ,,bluff ,,front$ ,,saddle ,,! ,,c[boy ,,age ,,sawbucks ,,or ,,pack ,,saddles ,,/raight ,,leg ,,& ,,b5t ,,knee ,,names ,,( ,,p>ts ,,( ,,saddles ,,c5t] ,,fire ,,& ,,d\ble ,,c9* ,,*apt] ,x ,,saddles ,,we "k t comp>atively few ( our boys take _! hikes on horseback1 especially _! camp+ hikes4 ,b a lot ( _! daddies & big bro!rs d take _! horse1 & ! pack horse on _! hunt+ & fi%+ trips1 & e boy wants to "k h[ to d ! ?+s 8 daddy kn[s h[ to d4 ,besides all t1 ! au?or is aw>e ( ! fact t ! daddies & ! uncles & ! big bro!rs are read+ all ! /uff he puts out = ! boys4 ,!y are con/antly quot+ to ! au?or ?+s t he has said to ! boys1 s t n[ 9 writ+ a book = ! boys he mu/ c\nt !m 94 ,,*oose ,a ,,saddle ,,t ,,fits ,ev]yone kn[s ! mis]y ( an ill-fitt+ %oe1 & no "o 9 8 "r m9d w\ld ?9k ( tak+ a prolong$ hike 9 %oes t p9*$ 8 feet1 b ev]ybody does n "k t a saddle %\ld fit ! rid]2 an ill-fitt+ saddle c cause almo/ z mu* discom=t z an ill-fitt+ %oe4 ,! be/ all-ar\nd sportsman's saddle 9 ! _w is ! c[boy saddle ( ! ,we/4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/1 :o has writt5 a delightfully intellig5t article on saddles1 9 speak+ ( ! ,we/]n c[-pun*]'s saddle1 says3 ,!re are _m good rid]s :o h nev] ?r[n a leg ov] any o!r sort ( saddle1 & = "w on ! pla9s or 9 ! m\nta9s no man :o has us$ "o w\ld ev] c>e = any o!r type4 ,x is z mu* a di/9ct product ( ?is cont95t z is ! bir* b>k canoe or ! ,am]ican axe or rifle4 ,l ! c[boy hat1 ! diamond hit* & ! l>iat1 ! c[boy saddle is evolv$ f ! ,spani% adaptation ( ! ,moori% saddle4 ,! old-fa%ion$ ,spani% saddle ) ! heavy wood5 block /irrups1 n ! b5t wood /irrups1 b ! big /irrups made out ( blocks ( wood 7,fig4 #bgc72 su* a saddle ) /irrups (t5 weigh$ ov] sixty p\nds4 ,^! saddles 7 g>ni%$ ) silv] & gold1 & ! spurs t ! ran*]os wore _h big :eels ) bells on !m1 & spikes long en\gh to goad ! ?ick sk9 ( an elephant4 ,i =m]ly possess$ "o ( ! picturesque old saddles on :i* all ! lea!r "w 0 engrav$ by h&1 by ! use ( "s tool l a grav]1 probably a %>p5$ nail2 consequ5tly none ( ! designs 0 duplicat$4 ,9 ! good old c[ days !re 7 two sorts ( saddles3 ! ,cali=nia ,c5t] ,fire & ! ,texas ,d\ble ,*9*1 & all ^? t ,i rememb] see+ _h r a %ort horn at ! b[ ) a v broad top sometimes cov]$ ) a silv] plate2 ! seat 0 also mu* long] ?an x is to-day4 ,fig4 #bgb %[s a milit>y saddle :i* is a modifi$ c[boy saddle1 & ,fig4 #bgd %[s a comp>atively mod]n c[boy saddle4 ,! up-to-date saddle ( to-day has a bulge 9 front1 n %[n on ! diagram4 ,9 ! old5 days !re 7 no societies = ! prev5tion ( cruelty to animals1 & on ! ranges horses 7 pl5ty2 !re=e1 :5 "o ( ! long-hair$ pla9sm51 ) 8 long rifle 9 front ( him on ! long saddle1 & ! heavy ,spani%-,am]ican trapp+s to ! horse1 kill$ ! horse by ov]work1 he simply took (f 8 saddle & trapp+s1 caught ano!r horse1 m\nt$ x & cont9u$ 8 j\rney2 !re 7 pl5ty ( horses--:y %\ld he worry8 ,lat] :5 ! c[boy age came 91 ! c[boys !mselves on ! ,s\!rn ranges us$ ! ,spani%-,am]ican outfit2 ! only bless+ ! poor horse _h 0 ! blanket "u ! saddle4 ,illu/ration3 #bgb 7,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,h1 ,j1 ,k1 ,l1 ,p1 ,s1 ,t71 #bgc1 #bgd 7,m1 ,n1 ,o71 #bge1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bhj1 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhe ,,pack ,,tra9 ,,outfit ,:5 ! block wood5 /irrups 7 ab&on$ & ! ?9n] oval /irrups adopt$1 ! latt] 7 protect$ by long caps ( lea!r1 ! dangl+ ends ( :i* 7 silv] tipp$4 ,! c[boys !mselves wore heavy lea!r bree*es call$ *aps 7an abbreviation ( ! ,spani% *ap>ejo74 ,?us ) ! feet & legs protect$ !y c\ld ride ?r\gh ! cactus plants & da% ?r\gh ! mesquite c\ntry )\t fe> ( be+ prick$ by ! ?orns1 no matt] :at happ5$ to ! horse4 ,n only did ?is lea!r armor protect !m f ?orns & bran*es1 b x also prev5t$ _m a brok5 leg result+ f kicks by burros1 mules & horses4 ,! roll$ coat or blanket1 :i* ! bronco bu/]s on ! l[] ranges 9 e>ly times la%$ across ! horse 9 front ( _! seat1 is ! ?+ f :i* ! buck+ roll 0 evolv$1 & ! bucksk9 buck+ roll1 we are told1 is ! daddy ( ! swell or bulg$ front saddle n[ us$4 ,! old-fa%ion$ c[boy saddle has a n>r[ front1 b ab\t two decades ago ,,! ,,vidalia ,,saddle-,,tree ,migrat$ sl[ly f ,cali=nia ov] ! pla9s1 & 0 ! fir/ "o to %[ ! bulg$ front1 & to *ange ! n>r[ b[ ( ! c[ saddle to ! bluff b[ ( ! saddle z us$ to-day4 ,x is claim$ t :ile ?is protects ! rid] f injuries m or less1 x has a t5d5cy n to give a fell[ ! opportunity ( z firm a grip ) 8 legs z did ! old n>r[ b[$ c[boy seat4 ,lat]1 9 ,oregon1 !y began to manufacture incurv$ saddles1 s t ! rid]'s legs c\ld fit bett] "u ! front1 & ! ,wyom+ saddle mak]s caught ! idea1 s t to-day ! vani%+ race ( c[boys are us+ saddles1 :i* x w\ld h tak5 a brave man to /raddle 9 ! e>ly days1 n because ! saddle is dang]\s b because x w\ld h look$ funny to ! old-"t boys1 & !y w\ld n h be5 sl[ 9 giv+ expression to boi/]\s & discom=t+ m]rim5t4 ,x is an odd ?+1 ?is law ( gr[? or evolution1 & x is a law1 & a fix$ law1 c]ta9 peculi>ities g toge!r2 = in/ance1 if "o goes sy/ematically to "w to produce fan-tail pigeons1 "o f9ds t he is also produc+ pigeons ) fea!r$ legs4 ,! bre$]s h also discov]$ t 9 produc+ a *ick5 ) silky :ite fea!rs !y unwill+ly produce a f[l ) black meat4 ,:at has ?is got to d ) saddles8 ,only t ! same law holds good "h3 ! m ! front bulges 9 ! saddle ! m ! horns %rivel1 develop+ a t5d5cy to rake =w>d & upw>d2 ! /irrups also dw9dle 9 size4 ,! saddle1 :i* ! writ] possess$1 has /irrups made ( iron r+s cov]$ ) lea!r & ! caps 7 l9$ ) %eep's wool4 ,we read t n[ ! n>r[ half-r\nd oval /irrup is a favorite ) ! c[-pun*]s1 :i* ! c[boy uses ) 8 foot ?ru/ all ! way 9 s t ! weight ( ! rid] re/s ^u ! middle ( ! foot4 ,?is is z di/urb+ to ! ,european idea ( prop] =m z 0 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 b ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce has prov$ its effici5cy by its results2 s also has x be5 prov$ t = ^? :o ride all day long ! ne>] !y c come to /&+ on _! feet1 & at ! same "t reliev+ ! feet ( ! total weight ( ! body by re/+ x on ! saddle1 ! easi] x is to /ay 9 ! saddle = long /ret*es ( "t2 9 o!r words1 ! m com=table ! saddle1 ! long] "o c occupy x )\t discom=t1 & t is ! reason a saddle %\ld fit ! rid]4 ,,) ,,we/]n ,,horses ,"o mu/ use ,we/]n ways2 rememb] ! horses 7 educat$ 9 ! ,we/ if y 7 n1 b x is n necess>y to use ! cruel1 old jaw-break+ ,spani% bits ) a r+ on !m4 ,i h "o1 b x only hangs on ! /udio wall z a s\v5ir & a curi\s object ( torture4 ,b don't try a /raight bit on a ,we/]n horse2 he may spit x out & laugh at y2 use ! mod]n ,we/]n bits1 saddles1 & c9* & y w n g f> wrong4 ,( c\rse ,,! ,,pack ,,horse ,is ano!r proposition1 = "h y w ne$ a pack sawbuck saddle 7,figs4 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bgh & #bgi72 ov] ?is saddle y c sw+ y\r two saddle bags1 call$ al=jas 7,fig4 #bhc74 ,fig4 #bhd is aft] ,/ew>t ,edw>d ,:ite's diagram1 & %[s h[ ! al=jas are la%$ fa/ to ! horse's back ) a latigo 7,fig4 #bhe74 ,fig4 #bhj is ! la% rope :i* ! man above ,fig4 #bhd is us+4 ,9 ,*apt] ,,vii we tell h[ to ?r[ ! diamond hit*4 ,fig4 #bhb %[s ! c[boy favorite cook+ ut5sil1 ! old ,dut* ov51 & x is practically ! same model z ! "o once belong+ to ,abraham ,l9coln4 ,a glance at ! cross-section ( ! cov] %[s y h[ ! edges are d5t$ 9 to hold ! hot a%es heap$ on top ( x :5 ! bake ov5 is be+ us$4 ,fig4 #bha is a sket* ( two ess5tials = any sort ( a trip3 an axe & a fry+ pan4 ,( c\rse1 "o c\ld write a :ole book on horseback "w1 saddles & pack saddles4 ,! tru? is t "o c\ld write a :ole book on any subject or any *apt] 9 ?is book4 ,b my aim is to />t y (f "r2 ,i believe t ! way to le>n to d a ?+ ,,is ,,to ,,d ,,x1 & n dep5d ^u y\r book k4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,i write a book = y boys1 ,i d ! be/ ,i "k h[ to make y und]/& :at ,i am talk+ ab\t1 & to excite 9 y\r m9d & he>t a desire to d ! ?+s talk$ (2 y mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1 t no "o ev] c\ld le>n to skate f a s*ool ( correspond5ce or a book1 b "o c\ld ga9 a great deal ( useful k ab\t any?+ f a useful book1 k t w be ( great help :5 "o is try+ to d ! ?+s treat$ ( 9 ! book4 ,i c tell y ) ! aid ( diagrams h[ to pack a blanket1 & y c foll[ my diagrams & pack y\r blanket2 b 9 ord] to ride1 skate1 swim or dance1 y mu/ ga9 ! skill by practice4 ,a book1 h[ev]1 c tell y ! names ( ! "p ( ! ?+s4 ,,names ,,( ,,p>ts ,,( ,,saddle ,= in/ance 7,fig4 #bgb71 ,t is ! saddle-tree2 a good saddle-tree is made ( five /\t pieces ( cottonwood :i* are cov]$ ) ra:ide2 :5 ! ra:ide %r9ks x draws ! pieces toge!r m tightly & p]fectly ?an !y c\ld be fa/5$ by tongue & groove1 glue1 screws or nails2 9 fact1 x makes "o solid piece ( ! :ole4 ,! horn is fa/5$ on to ! tree by its bran*$ legs1 & cov]$ ) lea!r or braid$ ra:ide4 ,! %anks are cov]$ fir/ & !n atta*$ to ! tree & ! ?ongs are tack$ to ! saddle-tree1 aft] :i* ! bulg$ cov] is fitt$ on4 ,:5 a good saddle-tree is f9i%$ x is z mu* "o piece z is ! pelvis ( a skeleton4 ,p is ! pummel1 ,a is ! cantle4 ,s is ! side b> ( ! saddle-tree1 ,c is a qu>t] /rap side1 ,b is ! qu>t] /rap cantle1 ,e is ! /irrup buckle1 ,f is ! out] /rap safe1 ,g is ! c9*a r+1 ,h is ! c9*a cov]2 ! c9*a /rap is unlett]$ b x connects ! c9*a r+ ) ! qu>t] /rap r+ ,d2 ,j is ! cap or lea!r /irrup cov]1 ,l is ! wood5 /irrup1 ,k is ! horsehair c9*a4 ,fig4 #bge is "o ( ! saddle pads to fit "u ! saddle4 ,on ,fig4 #bgd,m is ! horn1 ,n ! cantle1 ,o ! :ang lea!r1 :i* y\r saddl] w call tie /r+s4 ,y w note t 9 ,fig4 #bgd !re are two c9*as1 & 9 ,fig4 #bgb b "o4 ,y w also note t 9 ,fig4 #bgd ! skirt ( y\r saddle seems to be d\ble1 or ev5 triple1 & ! /irrup rigg+ comes on top ( ! skirt1 & ?is is made up ( ! back jockey1 front jockey1 & side jockey or seat4 ,n[ !n1 y "k all ab\t horseback2 !re is no?+ m ,i c tell y ab\t ! pack horse1 b rememb] n to swell up ) pride because ( y\r va/ k1 & try to ride an outlaw horse ) an ,ea/]n rid+ s*ool bit4 ,b ackn[l$ge y\rself a t5d]foot1 a %ort horn1 a %avetail1 a ,*ee*ako1 & ask y\r ,we/]n fri5ds to let y h a horse t kn[s all ! tricks ( 8 trade1 b :o has a compassionate he>t = a gre5horn4 ,!re are lots ( su* good fell[s among ! ,we/]n horses1 & !y w treat y k9dly4 ,i "k x because ,i h tri$ !m1 & z ,i said be=e1 ,i make no boa/ ( be+ a horseman myself4 ,:5 ,i get a/ride ( a ,we/]n horse ,i lean ov] & :isp] 9 8 e>1 & confess to him j h[ gre5 ,i am1 & !n put him on 8 honor to treat me :ite1 & s f> he has always done s4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,*oos+ ,a ,,camp ,,site ',,w>e ,,s+le ,,trees ,,or ,,small ,,gr\ps ,,( ,,trees ,,safety ,,9 ,,woods ,,or ,,=e/ ,,keep ,,y\r ,,eyes ,,op5 ,,= ,,good ,,camp ,,sites ,,cross ,,/reams ,,:ile ,,cross+ ,,is ,,good ,,keep ,,to ,,w9dw>d ,,( ,,mosquito ,,holes ',,w>e ,,ants' ,,ne/s ,,h[ ,,to ,,tell ,,:5 ,,w9d ,,bl[s ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,%ack ,,h[ ,,to ,,sweep ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,camp ,,b$s ,,h[ ,,to ,,divide ,,camp ,,"w ,,t5t ,,pegs ,,h[ ,,to ,,pit* ,a ,,t5t ,,s+le-,,h&$ ,,h[ ,,to ,,dit* ,a ,,t5t ,,use ,,( ,,%e>s1 ,,g9s ,,& ,,tripods ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,*oos+ ,a ,,camp ,,site ,,:5 *oos+ a camp site1 if possible1 *oose a =e/ or grove ( "y trees4 ,fir/1 because ( ! %ade !y give y2 secondly1 because !y protect y f /orms1 & ?irdly1 because !y protect y f lightn+4 ,s+le trees1 or small gr\ps ( trees 9 op5 pa/ures are exce$+ly dang]\s dur+ a ?und] /orm2 tall trees on ! %ores ( a riv] or lake are p>ticul>ly select$ z t>gets = ?und] bolts by ! /orm k+4 ,b ! safe/ place 9 a ?und] /orm1 next to a h\se1 is a =e/4 ,! reason ( ?is is t ea* wet tree is a lightn+ rod sil5tly conduct+ ! electric fluid )\t caus+ explosions4 ,d n camp at ! foot ( a v tall tree1 or an old tree ) dead bran*es on x1 = a high w9d may break (f ! bran*es & drop !m on y\r head ) disa/r\s results2 ! big tree itself may fall ev5 :5 !re is no w9d at all4 ,once ,i pit*$ my camp ne> an imm5se tree on ! ,fla!ad ,indian ,res]vation4 ,a few days lat] we return$ to our old camp4 ,z we /opp$ & look$ at ! site :]e our t5ts _h be5 pit*$ we look$ at ea* o!r solemnly1 b said no?+1 = !re1 prone ^u ! gr\nd1 lay t giant vet]an tree6 ,b "y trees d n fall d[n1 & if !y did !y c\ld n create ! havoc caus$ by ! imm5se bole ( ! patri>* ( ! =e/ :5 x comes cra%+ to ! e>?4 ,a good sc\t mu/ ,be ,prep>$1 & to d s mu/ rememb] t safety comes fir/1 & too close neighborhood to a big tree is (t5 unsafe4 ,rememb] to *oose ! be/ camp site t c be f\nd2 d n travel all day1 & z night comes on /op at any old place2 b 9 ! aft]noon keep y\r eyes op5 = likely spots4 ,halt e>ly en\gh to give "t to h ev]y?+ snug & 9 ord] be=e d>k4 ,9 select+ camp+ gr\nd1 look = a place :]e good wat] & wood are h&y4 ,*oose a high spot ) a g5tle slope if possible2 gu>d y\r spr+ or wat] hole f animals1 = if ! day is hot y\r dog w run ahead ( ! p>ty & jump into ! middle ( ! spr+ to cool himself1 & horses & cattle w bef\l ! wat]4 ,if camp+ 9 ! ,we/]n /ates on ! %ores ( a %all[ /ream :i* lies along ! trail1 cross ! /ream be=e mak+ camp or y may n be able to cross x = days4 ,a *9ook w9d sudd5ly melt+ ! sn[s 9 ! di/ant m\nta9s1 or a cl\d-bur/ miles & miles up /ream1 may sudd5ly s5d d[n to y a dang]\s flood ev5 9 ! dry season4 ,i h kn[n ( p>ties be+ deta9$ = days by "o ( ^! sudd5 ro>+ floods ( wat]1 :i* came unann\nc$1 ! great bole ( mud1 /icks & logs sweep+ by _! camp & tak+ ) x ev]y?+ 9 its pa?4 ,a belt ( d5se timb] betwe5 camp & a pond or swamp w act z a protection f mosquitoes4 ,z a rule1 keep to w9dw>d ( mosquito holes2 ! little insects travel ) ! w9d1 n aga9/ x4 ',w>e ant hills1 rott5 wood infe/$ ) ants1 = !y make poor b$fell[s & are a nuisance :]e ! food is kept4 ,a b>e spot on ! e>?1 :]e !re are no dry leaves1 is a w9d-swept spot2 :]e ! du/-cov]$ leaves lie 9 heaps ! w9d does n bl[4 ,a w9dy place is g5]ally free f mosquitoes1 b x is a poor place to build a fire2 a small bank is a great protection f high w9d & twi/]s4 ,dur+ "o tornado ,i _h a camp "u ! lee ( a small elevation2 we only lo/ ! fly ( "o t5t out ( a camp ( fifty or m1 :ile 9 m expos$ places ne>by great trees 7 uproot$ & h\ses unro($4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ! camp+ season is pa/ because ! summ] vacation is ov]4 ,! real camp+ season beg9s 9 ! ,wild ,rice ,moon1 t is1 ,septemb]4 ,ev5 if s*ool or bus9ess takes all our "t dur+ ! week1 we /ill h week-ends 9 :i* to camp4 ,saturday has always be5 a boys' day4 ,camp+ is an ,am]ican in/itution1 because ,am]ica af=ds ! greate/ camp+ gr\nd 9 ! _w4 ,! au?or is seat$ 9 8 own log h\se1 built by himself1 on ! %ores ( ,big ,t9k ,pond4 ,back ( him !re is pit*$ a camp ( six r[s ( t5ts1 :i* are fill$ ) a joyful1 noisy cr[d ( y\ng/]s4 ,x is "h 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,pike ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 :]e ! blue/one is /ratifi$ 9 horizontal lay]s1 t "o may /udy ! camp f its v bir? to ! late/ & f9i%$ product ( ?is c5tury4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ^! m\nta9s !re are outcropp+s ( ! blue/one1 & :]ev] ! face ( a ridge ( ?is /one is expos$ to ! elem5ts1 ! ra9s or melt+ sn[s cause ! wat] to drip f ! e>? on top ( ! /one & trickle d[n ov] ! face ( ! cliff4 ,!n1 :5 a cold snap turns ! moi/ure into ice 9 e little crack 9 ! rock1 ! expansion ( ! ice =ces ! sides ( ! cracks ap>t at ! seams 9 ! rock until loose pieces f ! und]sides slide (f1 leav+ small spaces ov] :i* ! rock projects4 ,! little caves ?us made make retreats = :ite-foot$ mice & o!r small mammals1 *ipmunks & cave rats4 ,:5 ^! become deep] !y may become d5s 9 :i* snakes sleep ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,! op5+s nev] gr[ small]1 & 9 c\rse ( "t are l>ge en\gh = ! coon1 !n ! fox1 & 9 old5 times !y made d5s = wolves & pan!rs1 or a place :]e ! be> w\ld hole up = ! w9t]4 ,"t is n consid]$ by ,dame ,nature2 %e has no tra9s to cat*1 & z ye>s & c5turies roll by ! little op5+s 9 ! blue/one become big en\gh to =m a %elt] = a cr\*+ man1 & ! cr\*+ man us$ !m z a place 9 :i* to camp :5 ! ,norsem5 9 _! dragon %ips 7 brav+ ! unkn[n ocean4 ,:5 ,columbus1 ) 8 toy boats1 0 blund]+ ar\nd ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! cr\*+ man 0 camp+ "u ! blue/one l$ges ( old ,pike ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,!re he built 8 campfires & cook$ 8 beav] & be> & de] & elk1 us+ di%es ( pott]y ( 8 own make & ornam5t$ ) crude designs trac$ 9 ! clay be=e ! di%es 7 bak$4 ,we "k all ?is to be true hi/ory1 because )9 a %ort walk ( ! au?or's log h\se !re are ov]hang+ l$ges ( blue/one1 & und]nea? ^! l$ges we1 ourselves1 h cr\*$ & camp$1 & ) %>p /icks h dug up ! gr\nd f ! lay] ( e>? cov]+ ! floor rock4 ,& 9 ?is gr\nd we h f\nd bits ( pott]y1 ! split bones ( diff]5t wild animals--split s t ! savage camp] might secure ! ri* m>r[ f ! inside ( ! bones--arr[heads1 bone awls & ne$les1 tomahawks1 ! skulls ( beav] & spe>heads2 all ^! ?+s h be5 f\nd "u ! ov]hang+ blue/one4 ,:]ev] su* a blue/one l$ge exi/s1 "o may make a good camp by clos+ up ! front ( ! cave ) /icks aga9/ ! ov]hang+ cliff & ?at*+ ! /icks ) br[se or balsam b\ghs1 ?us mak+ ! simple/ =m ( a lean-to4 ,! ,indians us$ su* %elt]s be=e ! adv5t ( ! :ite man2 ,daniel ,boone us$ !m :5 he fir/ visit$ ,k5tucky &1 9 spite ( ! great improvem5t 9 t5ts1 ! ov]hang+ l$ge is /ill us$ 9 ,p5nsylvania by fi%]m5 & hunt]s = ov]night camps4 ,b if "o uses su* a site = 8 ov]night camp or 8 week's-end camp1 "o %\ld n desecrate ! anci5t abode by introduc+ "u its v5]able ro(1 mod]n up-to-date cook+ & camp mat]ial1 b %\ld ex]cise +5uity & manufacture1 z f> z possible1 ! conv5i5ces & furniture necess>y = ! camp4 ,s9ce ! au?or is writ+ ?is 9 a camp 9 ! woods1 he w tell ! practical ?+s t confront him1 ev5 ?\gh he mu/ m5tion a :ite man's %op broom4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! mo/ noticeable defect 9 ! t5d]foot's "w is ! mann] 9 :i* he h&les 8 broom & we>s ! broom out ( %ape4 ,a broom may be worn to a /ub :5 prop]ly us$1 b ! lopsid$ broom is no use at all because ! *ump :o h&l$ x always us$ x "o way until ! broom became a useless1 di/ort$1 lopsid$ affair1 ) a p]man5t li/ to />bo>d or port1 z ! case may be4 ,to sweep prop]ly is an art1 & e all-ar\nd outdoor boy & man %\ld le>n to sweep & to h&le ! broom z skillfully z he does 8 gun or axe4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 turn ! broom e "t y notice a t5d5cy ( ! latt] to become "o-sid$1 !n ! broom w we> to a /ub & /ill be ( use4 ,9 ! next place1 d n sw+ ! broom up 9 ! air ) ea* sweep & ?r[ ! du/ up 9 ! cl\ds1 b s sweep t ! end ( ! /roke keeps ! broom ne> ! floor or gr\nd4 ,n[ a ^w ab\t mak+ b$s4 ,9 all books on woodcraft y are direct$ to secure balsam b\ghs f :i* to make y\r b$s1 & !re is no bett] =e/ b$d+ ?an ! fragrant balsam b\ghs1 b un=tunately ! m\nta9 goose1 z ! hunt]s call x1 f :i* y pluck ! fea!rs to make y\r camp b$1 is n to be f\nd 9 all localities4 ,a bag fill$ ) dry leaves1 dry grass1 hay or /raw w make a v com=table mattress2 b we are n always 9 ! hay & /raw belt & dry leaves are sometimes difficult to secure2 a sc\t1 h[ev]1 mu/ le>n to make a b$ :]ev] he happ5s to be4 ,if !re happ5s to be a swale ne>by :]e brakes & f]ns gr[ luxuriantly1 "o c ga!r an armful ( ^!1 & ) !m make a mattress4 ,! ,int]rupt$ f]n1 ! ,c9namon1 ! ,royal f]n1 ! ,lady f]n1 ! ,m>% f]n & all ! l>g] f]ns are useful z mat]ial4 ,a camp+ p>ty %\ld h _! "w s divid$ t ea* "o c imm$iately />t at 8 own p>ticul> job ! mom5t a halt is made4 ,"o *ops up ! firewood & sees t a pl5tiful supply ( firewood is always on h&2 usually he c>ries ! wat]4 ,"o makes camp1 puts up ! t5ts1 cle>s away ! rubbi%1 fixes ! b$s1 etc41 :ile a ?ird att5ds /rictly to kit*5 "w1 prep>+ ! meals1 & wa%+ up ! di%es4 ,) ! labor divid$ 9 ?is mann]1 ?+s run l clock "w & camp is always neat & tidy4 ,r\gh+ x is mak+ ! be/ ( x2 only a slob & a *ump goes dirty & has a sloppy-look+ camp4 ,! real old "t vet]an & s\rd\gh is a model ( neatness & ord]4 ,b a clean1 ord]ly camp is mu* m important ?an a clean-fac$ camp]4 ,"s m5 ?9k s mu* ( !mselves & _! own p]sonal cleanl9ess t !y =get _! duty to ! o!rs4 ,"o's duty is ab\t 9 ?is proportion3 fir/ to ! animals if any1 secondly to ! m51 & la/ly to oneself4 ,be=e pit*+ y\r t5t1 cle> out a space = x to occupy2 pick up ! /ones1 rubbi% & /icks1 rake (f ! gr\nd ) a =k$ /ick4 ,b d n be rude to y\r bro!r1 ! gr\nd p9e2 apologize = di/urb+ x2 be g5tle ) ! fronds ( ! f]n2 d n te> ! trail+ arbutus v9e up by its roots1 or ! plant ( ! almond sc5t$ tw9 fl[]s2 ask p>don ( ! ?allus ( ! li*5 :i* y are trampl+ "u y\r feet4 ,:y8 ,o6 well--because !y _h fir/ "r to ! place1 & because su* little civilities to ! natural objects ar\nd y put y\r own m9d 9 accord ) nature1 & make camp+ a mu* m enjoyable affair4 ,:5 y feel y are sleep+ on ! brea/ ( y\r "m1 ! e>?1 :ile y\r fa!r1 ! sky1 ) 8 millions ( eyes is wat*+ ov] y1 & t y are surr\nd$ by y\r bro!r1 ! plants1 ! wild]ness is no long] lonesome ev5 to ! solit>y travel]4 ,ano!r reason = tak+ ?is po9t ( view is t x has a humaniz+ effect & t5ds to prev5t "o f becom+ a wild]ness ,hun & v&al4 ,x also n only makes "o hesitate to hack ! trees unnecess>ily1 b enc\rages ! camp] to take pride 9 leav+ a clean trail4 ,z my good fri5d1 ,john ,muir1 said to me3 ,! camp+ trip ne$ n be ! longe/ & mo/ dang]\s excursion up to ! highe/ m\nta91 ?r\gh ! deepe/ woods or across ! wilde/ torr5ts1 glaci]s or des]ts1 9 ord] to be a happy "o2 b h[ev] %ort or long1 r\gh or smoo?1 calm or /ormy1 x %\ld be "o 9 :i* ! able1 fe>less camp] sees ! mo/1 le>ns ! mo/1 loves ! mo/ & leaves ! cleane/ track2 ^: camp gr\nds are nev] m>r$ by any?+ unsightly1 sc>r$ trees or blood spots or bones ( animals4 ,x is n ! object ( ?is book to adv]tise1 or ev5 advise ! use ( any p>ticul> type ( outfitt+ app>atus o!r ?an ! pla91 ev]yday affairs ) :i* all are famili>4 ,:at we want to d is to />t ! read] "r1 !n he may make 8 own *oice1 select+ an outfit to suit 8 own ta/e4 ,!re are no two m51 = in/ance1 :o w s+ ! praise ( ! same sort ( a t5t1 b !re is p]haps no camp] :o has n us$1 & be5 v com=table 91 ! old /yle wall t5t4 ,x has its disadvantages1 & s has a h\se1 a %ack or a %anty4 ,z a rule1 ! old wall t5t is too heavy to c>ry ) com=t & v difficult = "o man to pit* alone--unless "o kn[s h[4 ,,t5t ,,pegs ,are necess>y = almo/ any k9d ( a t5t2 y c buy !m at ! outfitt]'s & lose !m on ! way to camp2 !y ev5 h iron & /eel t5t pegs to help make camp+ exp5sive1 & to scatt] ?r\gh ! woods4 ,b if y are a real s\rd\gh y w cut y\r own t5t pegs1 %ap$ accord+ to circum/ances & individual ta/e4 ,fig4 #bhf %[s ! two pr9cipal k9ds3 ! =k & ! not*$ t5t pegs4 ,= ! wall t5ts "o w ne$ a ridge pole 7,fig4 #bhh71 & two =k$ /icks1 or rods1 to support ! ridge pole2 ! =ks on ^! %\ld be snubb$ (f close s t !y w n ?ru/ !mselves up aga9/ ! canvas on ! top ( ! t5t & endang] ! fabric2 ^! poles %\ld be ( a prop] height2 o!rwise if ! poles are too long1 ! t5t w n t\* ! gr\nd at all1 or if ! poles are too %ort1 ! t5t w wr9kle all ov] ! gr\nd l a fell['s tr\s]s :5 8 susp5d]s break4 ,illu/ration3 #bhf1 #bhg1 #bhh1 #bhi 7,a1 ,b71 #bij1 #bia1 #bib ,,h[ ,,"o ,,man ,,may ,,put ,,up ,a ,,t5t ,see t ! gr\nd is comp>atively level1 b ) a slant 9 "o direction or ano!r s t wat] w dra9 (f 9 case ( ra94 ,nev]1 = in/ance1 pit* y\r t5t 9 a holl[ or bas9 ( gr\nd1 unless y want to wake up "s night slopp+ ar\nd 9 a pool ( wat]4 ,d n pit* y\r t5t ne> a /&+ dead tree2 x is liable to fall ov] & cru% y 9 ! night4 ,avoid camp+ "u gre5 trees ) heavy dead bran*es on !m4 ,rememb] ! real camp] always has an eye to safety fir/1 n because he is a c[>d1 b because ! real camp] is z brave a p]son z y w f9d any:]e1 & no real brave p]son believes 9 ! c>elessness :i* produces accid5ts4 ,d n pit* y\r t5t ov] protrud+ /ones :i* w make /umbl+-blocks = y on :i* to /ub y\r toes at night1 or torture y :5 y spread y\r blankets ov] !m to sleep4 ,use common s5se1 use gumption4 ,( c\rse1 we all "k t x hurts "o's head to ?9k1 b we mu/ all try x1 nev]!less1 if we are go+ to live 9 ! big outdoors4 ,at a fam\s milit>y academy ! spl5did cavalrym5 gave a brilliant exhibition ( putt+ up wall t5ts2 x requir$ f\r m5 to put up ea* t5t4 ,imm$iately foll[+ ?is "s ( ! sc\ts took ! same t5ts1 ) "o sc\t to ea* t5t1 & 9 less "t ?an ! cavalrym5 took = ! same job1 ! twelve ye> old boys1 s+le-h&$1 put up ! same t5ts4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,pit* ,,& ,,dit* ,,s+le-,,h&$ ,spread out y\r t5t all ready to erect1 put y\r ridge pole & y\r two uprights 9 place1 & !n drive "s t5t /akes1 us+ ! flat ( y\r axe ) :i* to drive !m1 s t y w n split ! tops ( ! /akes 7,fig4 #bhg72 drive ! two end /akes ,a & ,b 7,fig4 #bhi7 at an angle to ! ends ( ! t5t4 ,aft] ! t5t /akes are arrang$ 9 a r[1 l ! ones 9 ,fig4 #bhi1 adju/ ! =ks ( ! uprights two in*es f ! ends ( ! ridge pole 7,fig4 #bhh71 !n make fa/ ! two extreme end guy ropes ,a & ,b to ! t5t pegs2 ! o!rs are unimportant = ! pres5t1 aft] t is done1 raise "o t5t pole "p ( ! way up 7,fig4 #bij71 !n pu% ! o!r "p ( ! way up 7,fig4 #bia72 gradually adju/ ^! ?+s until ! /ra9 is ev5 ^u y\r guy ropes4 ,y w n[ f9d t y\r t5t w /& alone1 because ! weight is pull+ aga9/ y\r guy ropes 7,fig4 #bib74 ,?is w hold y\r t5t /eady until y c make fa/ ! guy ropes to ! pegs ^u ! o!r side1 n too tightly1 because y ne$ slack to /raight5 up y\r t5t poles4 ,next see t ! back guy pole is p]p5dicul>1 aft] :i* x is a v easy matt] to /raight5 up ! front pole & adju/ ! guy rope s t x w /& /iff z 9 ,fig4 #bic4 ,rememb]1 :5 y are cutt+ ! ridge poles & ! uprights1 to select fairly /raight /icks1 & !y %\ld be z free z possible f r\gh projections1 :i* might injure ! canvas2 also ! poles %\ld be z /iff z possible s z n to sag or cause ! ro( to belly4 ,illu/ration3 #bic1 #bid1 #bie1 #bif1 #big1 #bih1 #bii1 #cjj1 #cja1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cjd1 #cje1 #cjf1 #cjg1 #cjh ,,h[ ,,to ,,pit* ,,& ,,dit* ,,s+le-,,h&$ ,,h[ ,,to ,,an*or ,a ,,t5t ,,9 ,,s&y ,,or ,,wet ,,soil ,,dit*+ ,j z soon z y\r t5t is erect$ & y feel l re/+1 get busy on dit*+2 no matt] h[ dry ! wea!r may be at ! "t1 put a dit* ar\nd ! t5t t w dra9 ! wat] away f y\r liv+ place4 ,!re is no positive rule = digg+ ?is dit*2 x v>ies accord+ to surface ( gr\nd1 b ! gutt] %\ld be s made t ! wat] w run away f ! t5ts & n to x1 or /& ar\nd x 7,fig4 #bid74 ,fig4 #bie %[s h[ to make a t5t by fold+ a floor clo? or piece ( t>paul92 ( c\rse x mu/ h a t5t pole to support ! top1 & ! floor pieces may be drawn toge!r 9 ! c5t]4 ,make "o out ( a piece ( writ+ pap] & y w le>n h[ to d x1 because al?\gh ! pap] is small1 ! folds w\ld be j ! same z if x 0 z l>ge z a *ur*4 ,9 s&y or s(t gr\nd x (t5 taxes "o's +5uity to supply an*ors = "o's t5t2 an an*or is a weight ( "s sort to :i* ! guy ropes may be atta*$4 ,fig #bif %[s a t5t an*or$ by billets ( wood2 ^! are all suppos$ to be buri$ 9 ! gr\nd z 9 ,fig4 #cjh1 & ! gr\nd trampl$ d[n ov] & above !m to keep !m safe 9 _! graves4 ,fig4 #big %[s ! fir/ ?r[ 9 ! an*or hit*1 ,fig4 #bih ! second ?r[1 & ,fig4 #bii ! complete hit* = ! an*or4 ,fig4 #cjc %[s ! knot by :i* ! an*or rope is ti$ to ! ma9 l9e4 ,figs4 #cjj1 #cja & #cjb %[ ! detail ( ty+ ?is knot1 :i* is simplicity itself1 :5 y "k h[1 l mo/ knots4 ,fig4 #cjc %[s ! an*or hit* complete4 ,/ones1 bundles ( fagots2 or bags ( s& all make useful an*ors2 ,fig4 #cjd is a /one2 ,fig4 #cje are half billets ( wood1 ,fig4 #cjf %[s fagots ( wood1 ,fig4 #cjg a bag ( s&4 ,all may be us$ to an*or y\r t5t 9 ! s&s or loose gr\nd4 ,,%e>s1 ,,g9s ,,or ,,tripods ,are ! names us$ = diff]5t =ms ( ru/ic supports = ! t5ts4 ,fig4 #cab %[s ! ord9>y %e>s1 ,fig4 #cac %[s ! t5t support$ by %e>s2 y w also note t ! guy ropes = ! t5t 7,fig4 #cac7 are made fa/ to a rod in/ead ( to ! pegs 9 ! gr\nd4 ,?is has _m advantages1 because ( ! t5d5cy ( ! rope to tight5 or %r9k :5ev] x becomes wet1 :i* (t5 makes x necess>y = a fell[ to get up 9 ! night to adju/ ! guy ropes & r$rive ! pegs4 ,:5 ! ra9 is p\r+ d[n1 ! ?und] cra%+ & ! lightn+ fla%+1 x is no fun to g pok+ ar\nd on ! wet gr\nd 9 "o's nightie 9 ord] t ! t5t pegs may n be pull$ out ( ! gr\nd by ! %r9k+ ropes1 & ! cold mass ( wet canvas all[$ to fall ^u "o's head4 ,x is always necess>y to loos5 & tight5 ! guy ropes accord+ to ! wea!r2 naturally ! long] ! guy ropes are ! m !y w %r9k & ! m !y w /ret* z ! wea!r v>ies4 ,to prev5t ?is1 lay a rod ov] ! ends ( ! guy rope betwe5 ! pegs & ! t5t 7,fig4 #caf;,a7 & x w be an automatic adju/]4 ,:5 ! ropes are dry & /ret*1 ! weight ( ?is pole w hold !m d[n & keep !m taut2 :5 ! guy ropes %r9k !y w lift ! pole1 b ! latt] w keep ! t5sion on ! ropes & keep !m adju/$4 ,! arrangem5t ( ,fig4 #cac has ! advantage ( mak+ a clo!s rack = y\r b$ clo!s :5 y wi% to air !m1 :ile ! weight ( ! susp5d$ log keeps ! t5sion on ! ropes equaliz$4 ,fig4 #cad %[s ! %e>s made by ! use ( =k$ /icks4 ,figs4 #cae & #cah %[ ! ridge pole support$ by %e>s1 & ! ridge poles support$ by =k$ /icks2 ! advantage ( ! %e>s 9 ,fig4 #cae is t x gives a cle> op5+ to ! t5t4 ,fig4 #caf %[s an ext]ior ridge pole support$ by %e>s to :i* ! top ( ! t5t is made fa/4 ,fig4 #cag is ! same )\t ! t5t4 ,fig4 #cah %[s ! fam\s ,vreel& t5t2 9 ?is case ! ridge pole is support$ by a crot*$ upright /ick1 b may be equally well support$ by ! %e>s z 9 ,fig4 #cae4 ,fig4 #cai %[s ! g9 or tripod made by b9d+ ! ?ree /icks toge!r4 ,fig4 #cbj %[s ! same effect made by ! use ( ! =k$ /icks2 ^! are useful 9 pit*+ wigwams or tepees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,t5ts ,,( ,,! ,,op5 ,,c\ntry ,illu/ration3 ,,"s ,,popul> ,,t5ts ,fig4 #cji %[s "s ( ! ord9>y =ms ( t5ts1 ! wall t5t1 ! ,bak] t5t & ! canoe t5t4 ,fig4 #caj %[s a t5t ) a fly ext5d+ out 9 front1 ?us giv+ ! piazza or front por*4 ,9 ! backgr\nd is a tepee t5t4 ,fig4 #caa %[s two small ,bak] t5ts 9 ! backgr\nd1 & ! ,dan ,be>d t5t 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,^! comprise ! pr9cipal =ms1 b ! op5-front t5ts to-day are mu* 9 vogue ) ! camp]s4 ,a mosquito nett+ 9 front w keep out ! insects & all[ ! air to come 9 freely1 :]eas ! old-fa%ion$ way ( clos+ ! t5t flap /ops circulation ( air & makes conditions z bad z t ( a clos$ room 9 a big h\se1 & ! air becomes z f\l z x did 9 ! little r$ s*ool h\ses & does n[ 9 ! ,c\rts ( ,ju/ice1 jails & o!r places ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,axe ,,& ,,saw ,,our ,,greate/ ,,axeman ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,axe ,,:at ,,k9d ,,( ,,axe ,,to ,,use ,,h[ ,,to ,,sw+ ,,an ,,axe ,,h[ ,,to ,,remove ,a ,,brok5 ,,axe ,,h&le ,,h[ ,,to ,,tight5 ,,! ,,h&le ,,9 ,,! ,,head ,,accid5ts ,,! ,,bra9s ,,( ,,an ,,axe ,,etiquette ,,( ,,! ,,axe ,,h[ ,,to ,,%>p5 ,,an ,,axe ,,h[ ,,to ,,fall ,a ,,tree ,,h[ ,,to ,,swamp ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,beetle ,,or ,,mall ,,h[ ,,to ,,h>d5 ,,gre5 ,,wood ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,firewood ,,hod ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,*opp+ ,,block ,,! ,,prop] ,,way ,,to ,,*op ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,sawbucks ,,= ,,logs ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,p>buckle ,,h[ ,,to ,,split ,a ,,log ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,sawpit ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,axe ,,& ,,saw ,,to all good1 loyal ,am]icans1 ! axe is almo/ a sacr$ tool1 = our greate/ ,am]ican1 ,abraham ,l9coln1 0 "o ( our greate/ axem54 ,:5 he 0 ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates he us$ to ex]cise by *opp+ wood1 !n laugh+ly ext5d$ 8 arm hold+ ! axe 9 a horizontal position by ! extreme end ( ! h&le4 ,?is he w\ld d )\t a tremor ( ! muscle or movem5t ( ! axe--"s /unt6 ,try x & see if y c d x6 ,! ,am]ican ,indians1 & practically all savages1 us$ /one & bone implem5ts1 & ) su* implem5ts ! ,r$m5 7 wont to build ! mo/ beautiful ( all crafts1 ! bir* b>k canoe4 ,if an ,am]ican ,indian produc$ su* wond]s ) implem5ts made ( /ones1 fl9t & bones1 a good r$-blood$ ,am]ican boy %\ld be able to d ! same ) a %>p axe2 !re=e x %\ld n only be 8 pleasure b 8 duty to le>n to be a skillful axeman4 ,bro!r ,jona?an1 ! imag9>y "* :o repres5t$ ! ,am]ican p1 0 almo/ inv>iably pictur$ ) a jack-knife :ittl+ a /ick1 because all e>ly ,am]icans 7 skillful 9 ! use ( ! jack-knife1 b !y 7 also skill$ 9 ! use ( ! axe1 & e boy ( twelve ye>s ( age knew h[ to h&le an axe4 ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,axe ,:ile lectur+ at ! ,tea*]s' ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,i 0 ask$ to give a demon/ration ( ! use ( ! axe4 ,x !n & !re sudd5ly occurr$ to me t if ^! gr[n m5 ne$$ & ask$ = in/ructions 9 ! use ( ?is typical ,am]ican tool1 a talk on ! same subject w\ld be welcom$ by ! ,am]ican boys4 ,! axe is ! "o necess>y tool ( ! woodsm52 ! axe occupies ! same position to ! wild]ness man t ! *e/ ( tools does to ! c>p5t]2 ) ! axe ! woodsman cuts 8 firewood2 ) ! axe he makes 8 traps2 ) ! axe he splits ! %akes1 clapbo>ds1 slabs & %+les f ! balsam tree1 or o!r wood :i* splits readily1 & ) ! %akes1 clapbo>ds1 or slabs he %+les ! ro( ( 8 hogan1 8 b>ab>a1 or makes ! framework to 8 sod %ack or 8 dug\t1 or ) !m builds ! f\ndation ( a bogk54 ,) 8 axe he cuts ! bir* = 8 bir* b>k pontiac1 = 8 lean-to or 8 log cab94 ,)\t an axe x is mo/ difficult = "o to ev5 build a raft or to fell a tree to get ! bir* b>k = "o's canoe1 or to fall ! tree to make a dug\t canoe4 ,a tree may be fell$ by fire1 z ! ,indians ( old us$ to fall !m1 b ?is takes a we>isome "t4 ,,! ,,k9d ,,( ,,axe ,,to ,,use ,:5 b\nd = a real camp1 take along ) y a real axe4 ,nev] take an axe :i* is too l>ge & heavy = y to sw+ ) com=t4 ,x is also be/ to avoid an axe :i* is too light1 z ) su* a tool y mu/ use too mu* labor to cut ! wood4 ,y %\ld select y\r own axe accord+ to y\r /r5g?4 ,pick up ! axe1 g ?r\gh ! motions ( *opp+ & see if x feels "r1 if its balance suits y2 hold up ! axe & sight along ! top ( ! h&le z y w\ld along ! b>rel ( a gun to see t y\r h&le is n w>p$4 ,illu/ration3 #cba1 #cbb1 #cbc1 #cbd1 #cbe1 #cbf1 #cbg1 #cbh1 #cbi ,,abe ,,l9coln ,,! ,,pione] ,axes may be _h ( weight & size to suit "o's ta/e4 ,9 ,new ,engl& !y use %ort-h&l$ axes :i* are n popul> 9 ! woods4 ,! axe h&les %\ld be well season$1 second gr[? hickory2 a axe has a #ai-;in* h&le & weighs two p\nds4 ,a axe has a #bd-;in* h&le & weighs two & a half p\nds4 ,a axe has a #bh-;in* h&le & weighs ?ree p\nds4 ,a full axe has a #cf-;in* h&le & weighs five p\nds4 ,probably ! be/ axe = camp "w1 :5 y mu/ c>ry ! axe on y\r back1 is "o ) a #cj-;in* second gr[? hickory h&le1 weight ab\t two & ?ree-qu>t] p\nds1 or some:]e betwe5 two & ?ree p\nds4 ,a light axe ( ?is k9d w cut readily & effectively provid$ x has a sl5d] bit2 t is1 t x does n %e] (f too bluntly t[>ds ! cutt+ edge4 ,:5 y look at ! top ( su* an axe & x appe>s sl5d] & n bulky1 x w cut well & c be wield$ by a boy & is n too light = a man 7,fig4 #cbb74 ,fig4 #cba %[s ! long-h&l$ ,hudson ,bay axe us$ mu* 9 ! ,nor? c\ntry4 ,x is made aft] ! tomahawk =m to save weight1 b ! blade is broad1 y notice1 to give a wide cutt+ edge4 ,! tr\ble ) ?is axe is t x is too light = satisfactory "w4 ,fig4 #cbc %[s a belt axe ( a modifi$ tomahawk %ape1 only ?ree ( :i* are 9 exi/5ce2 "o 0 9 ! possession ( ! late ,colonel ,roosevelt1 "o 9 ! possession ( a fam\s ,engli% au?or1 & "o 9 ! possession ( ! writ]4 ,^! axes 7 made = ! g5tlem5 to :om !y 7 pres5t$ by ! ,presid5t ( a great tool works2 !y are made ( ! be/ gray /eel & are beautiful tools4 ,fig4 #cbd is an ord9>y belt axe practically ! same z ^? us$ by ! ,boy ,sc\ts4 ,:5 x 0 propos$ to arm ! ,boy ,sc\ts ) guns1 ! writ] put 9 /r5u\s objections & sugge/$ belt axes 9 place ( guns2 ! matt] ( co/ume & arms 0 f9ally ref]r$ to him z a committee ( "o4 ,! uni=m 0 plann$ aft] t ( ! ,sc\ts ( ! ,boy ,pione]s ( ,am]ica1 & ! belt axe adopt$ is ! same z t c>ri$ by ! ,sc\ts ( ! ,sons ( ,daniel ,boone1 :i* axes are modell$ aft] ,daniel ,boone's own tomahawk4 ,fig4 #cbe is a v heavy axe4 ,a ,,^w ,,ab\t ,,sw++ ,,! ,,axe ,grasp ! axe ) ! left h&1 close to ! end ( ! h&le1 ev5 clos] ?an is %[n 9 ! diagram 7,fig4 #cbf72 ) ! "r h& grasp ! h&le close to ! head ( ! axe1 !n br+ ! axe up ov] y\r %\ld] & z y /rike ! bl[1 all[ ! "r h& to slide d[n naturally 7,fig4 #cbg71 close to ! left h&2 le>n to rev]se1 t is1 le>n to grasp ! l[] end ( ! h&le ) ! "r h& & ! left h& ne> ! top1 s z to sw+ ! axe f ! left %\ld] d[n1 z easily z f ! "r %\ld]4 ,to be a real axeman1 a g5u9e dy$-9-!-wool1 bl[n-9-!-glass type1 ea* "t y make a /roke ) ! axe y mu/ emit ! brea? f y\r lungs ) a noise l ,huh6 ,t1 y "k1 s\nds v pr(essional & w duly impress ! o!r boys :5 !y wat* y *op1 besides :i* x always seems to really help ! =ce ( ! bl[4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,remove ,a ,,brok5 ,,axe ,,h&le ,x 0 f a color$ rail splitt] f ,virg9ia1 :o work$ = ! writ]1 t ! latt] le>n$ h[ to burn out ! brok5 end ( ! h&le f ! axe head4 ,bury ! blade ( y\r axe 9 ! moi/ e>? & build a fire ov] ! protrud+ butt 7,fig4 #cbh72 ! moi/ e>? w prev5t ! heat f spoil+ ! temp] ( y\r axe blade :ile ! heat f ! fire w *> & burn ! wood s t x c easily be remov$4 ,if y are us+ a d\ble-bitt$ axe1 t is1 "o ( ^? v useful b villa9\s tools ) two cutt+ edges1 & ! h&le breaks (f1 make a %all[ tr5* 9 ! dirt1 put ! moi/ soil ov] ea* blade1 leav+ a holl[ 9 ! middle :]e ! axe h&le comes & build y\r fire ov] ?is holl[ 7,fig4 #cbi74 ,,to ,,tight5 ,,! ,,axe ,,head ,if y\r axe h&le is dry & ! head loos5s1 soak x ov] night & ! wood w swell & tight5 ! head4 ,sc\tma/] ,fitzg]ald ( ,new ,york says1 ,q a numb] ( sc\ts h tr\ble ) ! axe slipp+ (f ! helve & ! fir/ ?+ !y d is to drive a nail :i* only t5ds to split ! helve & make matt]s worse4 ,i h discov]$ a practical way ( fix+ ?is4 ,y w note t a wire passes ov] ! head ( ! axe 9 ! helve 9 ! side view4 ,!n 9 ! cross-section 9 ! copp] wire is twi/$ & a little /aple driv5 9 to hold x 9 place4 ,?is may answ] = a belt axe b ! hole 9 ! h&le w weak5 x & w\ld n be advisable = a l>ge axe 7,fig4 #ccj74 ,,accid5ts ,we h said t ! axe is a *e/ ( tools1 b x is a dang]\s *e/ ( tools4 ,:ile abo>d a tra9 com+ f "o ( ! big lumb] camps1 ! writ] 0 a/oni%$ to f9d t al?\gh !re 7 b few sick m5 abo>d1 !re 7 _m1 _m w\nd$ m5 9 ! c> & none1 t he c\ld f9d1 w\nd$ by fall+ trees2 all 7 w\nd$ by ! axe itself or by fragm5ts ( knots & /icks fly+ f bl[s ( ! axe & /rik+ ! axeman 9 ! eyes or o!r t5d] places4 ,,y ,,mu/ ,,supply ,,! ,,bra9s ,i h (t5 w>n$ my "y fri5ds to use great c>e ) fire>ms1 because fire>ms are made = ! express purpose ( kill+4 ,a gun1 hav+ no bra9s ( its own1 w kill its own]1 8 fri5ds1 8 bro!r or si/]1 "m or fa!r1 j z quickly & z surely z x w kill a moose1 a be> or a pan!r4 ,!re=e x is necess>y = ! gunn] to supply ! bra9s = 8 gun4 ,! same is true ) ! axeman4 ,edg$ tools are made = ! express purpose ( cutt+1 & !y w cut fle% & bone z quickly & neatly z !y w cut wood1 unless ! us] is skillful 9 ! use ( 8 tool2 t is1 unless he supplies ! bra9s :i* ! tools !mselves lack4 ,s y see t x is up to y boys to supply ! bra9s = y\r axes1 & :5 y d t1 t is1 :5 y acquire ! skill 9 ! use1 & judgm5t 9 ! h&l+1 y w avoid pa9ful & may be dang]\s or fatal accid5ts1 & at ! same "t y w exp]i5ce great joy 9 ! h&l+ ( y\r axe4 ,n only ?is b y w acquire muscle & heal? 9 ?is mo/ vigor\s & manly ex]cise4 ,we are n tell+ all ?is to fright5 ! read] b to in/il into 8 m9d a prop] respect = edg$ tools1 especially ! axe4 ,,etiquette ,,( ,,! ,,axe #a4 ,an axe to be respect$ mu/ be %>p & no "o :o has any ambition to be a pione]1 a sportsman or a sc\t1 %\ld c>ry a dull axe1 or an axe ) ! edge nick$ l a saw blade4 ,x may int]e/ ! read] to "k t ! p5cil ,i am us+ ) :i* to make ^! notes 0 %>p5$ ) my camp axe4 #b4 ,no "o b a duff] & a *ump w use ano!r man's axe )\t t o!r man's will+ p]mission4 #c4 ,x is z bad =m to ask = ! loan ( a favorite axe z x is to ask = ! loan ( a sportsman's be/ gun or pet fi%+ rod or too?bru%4 ,illu/ration3 #ccj1 #cca1 #ccb1 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cce ,,axes ,,& ,,%ea?s #d4 ,to turn ! edge or to nick ano!r man's axe is a v grave (f5se4 #e4 ,keep y\r own axe %>p & clean1 d n use x to cut any object ly+ on ! gr\nd :]e !re is dang] ( ! blade ( ! axe go+ ?r\gh ! object & /rik+ a /one2 d n use x to cut roots ( trees or bu%es = ! same reason4 ,bew>e ( knots 9 hemlock wood & 9 cold wea!r bew>e ( knots ( any k9d4 ,:5 n 9 use an axe %\ld h its blade %ea!d 9 lea!r 7,figs4 #cca1 #ccb1 #ccc & #ccd71 or x %\ld be /ruck into a log or /ump 7,fig4 #cce74 ,x %\ld nev] be left ^u ! gr\nd or set up aga9/ a tree to endang] ! legs & feet ( ! camp]4 ,fig4 #cda %[s h[ a firewood hod is made & us$4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,%>p5 ,,y\r ,,axe ,on ! trail we h no gr9d/ones1 & (t5 h rec\rse to a file ) :i* to %>p5 our axe2 sometimes we use a :et/one = ! purpose4 ,new axes are n always z %>p z "o w\ld wi%2 9 t case if we use a gr9d/one to put on an edge we mu/ be sure to keep ! gr9d/one wet 9 ! fir/ place1 & 9 ! second place we mu/ be c>eful n to ?r[ ! edge ( ! blade out ( l9e4 ,:5 ?is occurs x w cause a b9d+ /ra9 on ! blade :i* t5ds to /op ! =ce ( ! bl[4 ,if ! edges are at all out ( l9e1 ! probabilities are "o w knock a half moon out ( ! blade 9 ! fir/ attempt to cut froz5 timb]4 ,! be/ axe 9 ! _w1 ) an edge badly out ( l9e1 _c /& ! /ra9 ( a bl[ on h>d froz5 wood4 ,:ile gr9d+ ! axe take a sight along ! edge e once 9 a :ile to see if x is true4 ,,! ,,be/ ,,"t ,,to ,,cut ,,or ,,prune ,,trees ,is :5 ! sap is dormant1 :i* ,i w expla9 = my y\ng] read]s is t "t ( ye> :5 ! tree is n full ( juice4 ,! reason = ?is is t :5 ! sap or juice is 9 ! wood :5 cut1 x w f]m5t1 bubble & fizzle ! same z sweet cid] or grape juice w f]m5t1 & ! f]m5tation w take all ! life out ( ! lumb] & give x a t5d5cy to decay2 aga9 to translate = my y\ng] read]s1 su* wood w rot quick] ?an wood cut at ! prop] season ( ! ye>4 ,illu/ration3 #ccf1 #ccg1 #cch1 #cci1 #cdj1 #cda ,,wood-,,y>d ,,conv5i5ces ,) p9e trees1 h[ev]1 ?is is n always ! case1 because ! pit*y nature ( ! sap ( ! p9e prev5ts x f f]m5t+ l bee* sap2 9 fact1 ! pit* acts z a pres]vative & mummifies1 s to speak1 ! wood4 ,p9e knots w la/ = a hundr$ ye>s ly+ 9 ! s(t1 moi/ gr\nd & = aught ,i "k1 long]1 because !y are fat ) pit* & ! pit* prev5ts decay4 ,bee* :5 cut 9 ,june is unfit = firewood ! foll[+ w9t]1 b au?orities say t ! same trees cut 9 ,augu/ & left ) ! bran*es /ill on !m = tw5ty or ?irty days1 w make firm] & liveli] timb] ?an t cut "u any o!r conditions4 ,an exp]t lumb]man 9 t5 m9utes' "t w cut d[n a h>dwood tree "o foot 9 diamet]1 & x w n take him ov] f\r m9utes to cut d[n a s(twood tree ( ! same size4 ,,cle> ,,away ,,ev]y?+ ,be=e attempt+ to *op d[n a tree2 9 fact1 be=e attempt+ to *op any?+1 be c>eful to see t !re are no clo!s l9es ov]head1 if y are *opp+ 9 y\r backy>d1 or if y are *opp+ 9 ! =e/s see t !re are no v9es1 twigs1 or bran*es )9 sw+ ( y\r axe4 ,by c>efully remov+ all su* ?+s y w remove "o ( ! greate/ causes ( accid5ts 9 ! wild]ness1 = z slight a ?+ z a little twig c deflect1 t is1 turn1 ! blade ( y\r axe f its c\rse & cause ! loss ( a toe1 a foot1 or ev5 a leg4 ,?is is ! reason t swamp+ is ! mo/ dang]\s "p ( ! lumb]man's "w4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,fall ,a ,,tree ,if ! tree1 9 fall+1 mu/ pass betwe5 two o!r trees :]e !re is dang] ( its hang+1 s cut y\r k]f t ! tree 9 fall+ w /rike ! gr\nd ne>e/ ! smalle/ ( ! trees1 or ne>e/ ! "o fur!/ away4 ,!n1 z ! tree falls1 & bru%es ! side ( ! smalle/ tree or ! "o fur!/ away1 x w b\nce away1 ?us giv+ ! fall5 tree an opportunity to bump its way d[n to ! place on ! gr\nd select$ = x1 9 place ( hang+ by its b\gh 9 ! b\ghs ( o!r trees4 ,d n try to fall a tree betwe5 two o!rs t are /&+ close toge!r2 x _c be successfully done1 = ! tops ( ! ?ree trees w become int]lac$1 & y w f9d x v difficult & haz>d\s "w to attempt to free y\r fall5 tree f its entanglem5t2 probably x _c be done )\t cutt+ "o or bo? ( ! o!r trees d[n4 ,! tru? is1 "o mu/ mix bra9s ) e /roke ( ! axe or "o w get into tr\ble4 ,:]e possible select a tree t may be made to fall 9 an op5 space :]e ! pro/rate trunk c be easily h&l$4 ,cut y\r k]f on ! side t[>d ! l&+ place1 let ! not* g half-way or a trifle m ?r\gh ! trunk4 ,make ! not* or k]f z wide z ! radius1 t is1 half ! diamet] ( ! tree trunk 7,fig4 #cdd71 o!rwise y w h y\r axe p9*$ or w$g$ be=e y h ! k]f done & w f9d x necess>y to enl>ge y\r not* or k]f4 ,score fir/ at ! top "p ( ! propos$ not*1 !n at ! bottom1 mak+ z big *ips z possible1 & hew out ! space betwe51 cutt+ ! top p>ts ( ! not* at an angle b ! bottom "p ne>ly horizontal4 ,:5 ?is not* or k]f is cut to half or a little m ?an half ( ! diamet] ( ! tree1 cut ano!r not* ^u ! opposite side ( ! tree at a po9t a few in*es high] ?an ! not* already cut2 :5 ?is not* is cut f> en\gh ! tree w beg9 to tremble & crack to w>n y to /ep to "o side4 ,don't get beh9d ! tree2 x may kick & kill y2 /ep to "o side & wat* ! tree z x falls2 !re are _m ?+s t may deflect x 9 fall+1 & "o's safety lies 9 be+ al]t & wat*+ x fall4 ,also keep y\r eye al(t to wat* = limbs :i* may break (f & come d[n ) suffici5t =ce to disable y2 accid5ts ( ?is k9d frequ5tly happ51 b seldom or nev] happ5 :]e ! axeman uses common s5se or due caution4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,trim ,,or ,,swamp ,aft] a tree is fell$1 ! swamp]s take *>ge ( x & cut away all ! bran*es1 leav+ ! clean log = ! team/]s to snake4 ,!y d ! swamp+ by /rik+ ! l[] side ( ! bran* ) ! blade ( ! axe1 ! side t[>ds ! root ( ! tree1 :at might be call$ ! und]side1 & *opp+ upw>ds t[>ds ! top ( ! tree4 ,small bran*es w come (f ) a s+le bl[ ( ! axe4 ,:5 ! tree has be5 swamp$ & ! long trunk lies nak$ on ! turf1 x w1 9 all probability1 be necess>y to cut x into logs ( requir$ l5g?s4 ,if ! trunk is a ?ick "o x is be/ to cut x by /&+ on ! tree trunk ) legs ap>t 7,fig4 #ccf71 & *opp+ betwe5 "o's feet1 mak+ ! k]f equal to ! diamet] ( ! log4 ,d ?is = two reasons3 x is mu* easi] to /& on a log & cut x 9 two t way ?an to cut x "p ! way ?r\gh ! top side1 & !n labori\sly roll x ov] & cut f ! und]side2 also :5 y make ! not* wide en\gh y c cut all ! way ?r\gh ! log )\t w$g+ y\r axe4 ,to split up ! log y %\ld h ,a ,,beetle ,,or ,,mall1 ,a ?+ usually to be f\nd among ! tools 9 ! backwoodsman's hut & p]man5t camps2 ( c\rse we d n take ! "t to make !m = an ov]night camp or a tempor>y camp+ place1 b !y are v h&y at a /ation>y camp4 ,to make "o select a h>dwood tree1 :i*1 :5 /ripp$ ( its b>k w measure ab\t five in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! tree select$ %\ld n be "o t w\ld split easily b may be a "y oak1 bee* or hickory1 :i* ) ! b>k on is six or sev5 in*es 9 diamet] at ! butt4 ,9 *opp+ ?is tree d[n leave a /ump tall en\gh f :i* to fa%ion y\r beetle1 & :ile ! /ump is /ill /&+ hew ! top "p until y h a h&le scant two feet 9 l5g?1 leav+ = ! hamm] head1 s to speak1 a butt ( t5 in*es1 c\nt+ f ! "p :]e ! roots jo9 ! trunk4 ,be=e cutt+ ! /ump (f above ! gr\nd1 dig all ar\nd ! roots1 c>efully scrap+ away all /ones & pebbles1 !n cut ! roots (f close up to ! /ump1 = ?is is ! h>de/ "p ( ! wood & makes ! be/ mall head 7,fig4 #ccg74 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,gluts ,,or ,,w$ges ,f>m]s claim t ! be/ w$ges are made ( applewood1 or locu/ wood2 nev] use gre5 w$ges if season$ ones may be obta9$1 = "o season$ w$ge is wor? _m gre5 ones4 ,9 ! nor? woods1 or1 9 fact1 9 any woods1 applewood _c be obta9$1 b dogwood & ironwood make good sub/itutes ev5 :5 us$ gre5 7,figs4 #cch & #ceg74 ,,h[ ,,to ,,h>d5 ,,gre5 ,,wood ,_m ( ! ,s\!rn ,indians 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,am]ica tipp$ _! arr[s ) bits ( cane2 ^! gre5 arr[ po9ts !y h>d5$ by slightly *>r+ !m ) ! hot a%es ( ! fire4 ,gluts may be h>d5$ 9 ! same mann]2 d n burn !m2 try to heat !m j suffici5tly to =ce ! sap out & h>d5 ! surface4 ,:]e dogwood1 ironwood & applewood are n to be obta9$1 make y\r gluts ( :at is at h&2 t is true woodcraft 7,fig4 #ccg74 ,illu/ration3 #cdb1 #cdc1 #cdd1 #cde1 #cdf1 #cdg1 #cdh1 #cdi1 #cej1 #cea1 #ceb1 #cec1 #ced1 #cee1 #cef1 #ceg1 #ceh1 #cei1 #cfa ,a ye> or two ago1 :ile trail+ a moose1 we ran across ! ru9s ( a lumb] camp t _h be5 wip$ out by fire1 & "h we pick$ up half a doz5 axe heads among ! moose tracks4 ,^! axe heads we us$ z gluts to split our wood z long z we rema9$ 9 t camp1 & by _! aid we built a %ack ( bo>d riv$ f balsam logs4 ,fig4 #cda %[s h[ to make & h[ to use firewood hods on f>ms or at p]man5t camps4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,*opp+ ,,block ,aft] y h cut ! crot* & trimm$ x d[n into ! =m ( ,fig4 #cci1 y may f9d x conv5i5t to flatt5 ! ?+ on "o side4 ,?is y d by hew+ & scor+2 t is1 by cutt+ a s]ies ( not*es all ( ! same dep?1 & !n splitt+ (f ! wood betwe5 ! not*es1 z "o w\ld 9 mak+ a pun*eon 7,fig4 #cdb74 7,a pun*eon is a log flatt5$ on "o or bo? sides47 ,) ?is flatt5$ crot* "o may1 by s9k+ ano!r flatt5$ log 9 ! e>? & plac+ ! *opp+ block on top1 h a *opp+ block l t %[n 9 ,fig4 #cdc4 ,or "o may take ! crot*1 spike a piece ( bo>d across z 9 ,fig4 #cci & use t1 & ! be/ *opp+ block or crot* block is ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #cci1 ) ! pun*eon or slab spik$ onto ! ends ( ! crot*4 ,9 ?is case ! two ends ( ! crot* %\ld be cut (f ) a saw1 if y h "o1 s z to give ! prop] flat surface to :i* to nail ! slab4 ,!n ! k9dl+ wood may be split )\t dang] to y\rself or ! edge ( ! hat*et4 ,,*op ,,x ,,! ,,"r ,,way ,if y are us+ an ord9>y /ick ( wood = a *opp+ block1 & ! /ick y are ab\t to *op re/s solidly on top ( ! block :]e ! axe /rikes x w cut all "r1 b if y /rike :]e ! /ick does n t\* ! *opp+ block ! bl[ w /un ! h& hold+ ! /ick 9 a v disagreeable mann]4 ,if y hold y\r /ick aga9/ ! *opp+ block ) y\r foot1 !re is always dang] ( cutt+ (f y\r toe2 if y hold ! /ick ) y\r h& & /rike x ) ! axe1 !re is dang] ( cutt+ (f y\r f+]s4 ,:5 ,i say !re is dang] ,i mean x4 ,"o ( our sc\ts cut 8 ?umb (f1 ano!r cut (f "o f+]1 & "o ( my fri5ds 9 ! ,nor? woods ( ,canada cut (f 8 great toe4 ,9 hunt+ = ,indian relics 9 an old camp+ cave 9 ,p5nsylvania1 my companion1 ,mr4 ,elm] ,gregor1 made ! gruesome f9d ( a dri$ human f+] ne> ! emb]s ( an anci5t campfire1 tell+ ! /ory ( a camp+ accid5t ages ago1 b evid5tly aft] :ite man's edg$ tools 7 introduc$4 ,if y h no *opp+ block & wi% to cut y\r firewood into small] pieces1 y c hold ! /ick safely ) ! h& if y use ! axe z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cde4 ,?is w give y z a result two /icks1 & ! upp] "o w h "s great spl9t]s4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,split ,,k9dl+ ,,wood ,:5 splitt+ wood = ! fire or k9dl+1 make ! fir/ bl[ z 9 ,fig4 #cdf1 & ! second bl[ 9 ! same place1 b a trifle slant+ z 9 ,fig4 #cdg2 ! slant+ bl[ w$ges ! wood ap>t & splits x4 ,if ! wood is small & splits readily1 ! slant+ bl[ may be made fir/4 ,^! ?+s c only be indicat$ to ! read]s because !re are s _m circum/ances :i* gov]n ! case4 ,if !re is a knot 9 ! wood1 /rike ! axe "r ov] ! knot z 9 ,figs4 #cdh & #cdi4 ,if y are *opp+ across ! gra9 d n /rike p]p5dicul>ly z 9 ,fig4 #cej1 because if ! wood is h>d ! axe w simply b\nce back1 b /rike a slant+ bl[ z 9 ,fig4 #cea1 & ! axe blade w bite deeply into ! wood2 aga9 let u caution y t if y put too mu* ( a slant on y\r axe 9 /rik+ ! wood1 x w cut out a %all[ *ip )\t mat]ially imp$+ ! =ce ( ! bl[1 & y\r axe w sw+ ar\nd to ! p]il ( y\rself or anyone else )9 rea*2 aga9 ?is is a ?+ :i* y mu/ le>n to practice4 ,9 us+ ! *opp+ block be v c>eful n to put a log 9 front ( ! crot* z 9 ,fig4 #cdj1 & !n /rike a heavy bl[ ) ! axe1 = ! reason t if y split ! wood ) ! fir/ bl[ y\r axe h&le w come d[n heavily & sudd5ly ^u ! front log1 & no matt] h[ good a h&le x may be1 x w break into fragm5ts1 z ! writ] has discov]$ by sad exp]i5ce4 ,a lo/ axe h&le 9 ! woods is a sev]e loss1 & "o to be avoid$1 = al?\gh a make%ift h&le may be fa%ion$ at camp1 x nev] answ]s ! purpose z well z ! skillfully & arti/ically made h&le :i* comes ) ! axe4 ,,hold]s ,,or ,,saw ,,bucks ,,= ,,logs ,select two sapl+s ab\t five in*es 9 diamet] at ! butts1 bore holes ne> ! butts ab\t six in*es f ! end = legs1 make a c\ple ( /\t legs ab\t ! size ( an old-fa%ion$ drey p91 & ab\t tw5ty in*es long1 split ! ends c>efully1 suffici5tly to ins]t w$ges !re91 !n drive ! w$ge & ends into ! hole bor$ = ! purpose4 ,:5 ! /icks are driv5 home ! w$ge w hold !m 9 place4 ,y n[ h a c\ple ( /raddle bugs1 t is1 poles1 ! small ends ( :i* re/ ^u ! gr\nd & ! butt ends support$ by two legs4 ,9 ! top ( ! poles bore a numb] ( holes = p9s1 make y\r p9s a little long] ?an ! diamet] ( ! log y int5d to saw2 ! p9s are us$ exactly l ! old-fa%ion$ drey p9s1 t is1 y roll ! log up ! incl9e to ! two /raddle bugs & hold ! logs 9 place by putt+ p9s 9 ! ne>e/ holes4 ,( c\rse1 ! p9s %\ld "w easily 9 & out ( ! holes 7,fig4 #ceg74 ,) su* an arrangem5t "o man c unaid$ easily roll a log two feet 9 diamet] up ^u ! buck2 ! log is !n 9 a position to be cut up ) a cross-cut saw 7,fig4 #ceg74 ,ano!r =m ( sawbuck may be made ( a pun*eon /ool 7,fig4 #ceh71 ) holes bor$ diagonally 9 ! top = ! ins]tion ( p9s ) :i* to hold ! log 9 place :ile x is be+ saw$4 ,b ) ?is sawbuck "o _c use z heavy logs z ) ! fir/ "o because ( ! difficulty 9 h&l+ !m4 ,i h j return$ f a trip up into ! woods :]e !y /ill use ! primitive pione] me?ods ( h&l+ & cutt+ timb]1 & ,i note up !re 9 ,pike ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 !y make ! sawbuck = logs by us+ a log ( wood ab\t a foot 9 diamet] & bor+ holes diagonally ?r\gh ! log ne> ea* end 7,fig4 #cei72 ?r\gh ^! holes !y drive ! legs s t ! ends ( !m protrude at ! top & =m a crot* to hold ! wood to be saw$4 ,! sawbuck is ab\t t5 or twelve feet long2 consequ5tly1 9 ord] to provide = %ort] logs !re are two sets ( pegs driv5 9 holes bor$ = ! purpose betwe5 ! ends ( ! buck4 ,,! ,,p>buckle ,:5 "o p]son is h&l+ a heavy log x is sometimes difficult1 ev5 ) ! lumb]man's can?ook1 to roll x1 b if a loop is made 9 a rope & plac$ ov] a /ump or a heavy /one 7,fig4 #cfj71 & ! ends run "u ! log1 ev5 a boy c roll q a heavy piece ( timb] by pull+ on ! ends ( ! rope 7,fig4 #cfj74 ,,to ,,split ,a ,,log ,! me?od us$ by all woodsm5 9 splitt+ a log is ! same z us$ by qu>rym5 9 splitt+ blue/one1 ) ?is diff]5ce3 ! qu>ryman hunts = a natural seam 9 ! /one & drives ! w$ge 9 ! seam1 :ile ! lumb]man makes a seam 9 ! =m ( a crack 9 ! log by a bl[ f 8 axe4 ,9 ! crack he drives ! w$ge 7,figs4 #ceb & #cec74 ,b if ! log is a long "o he mu/ l5g!n ! crack or seam by driv+ o!r w$ges or gluts 7,fig4 #cec71 or he may d x by us+ two or m axes 7,fig4 #ceb74 ,if he wi%es to split ! logs up into %akes1 clapbo>ds or splits1 he fir/ halves ! log1 t is1 splitt+ x across f ,a to ,b 7,fig4 #cef71 & !n qu>t]s x by splitt+ f ,c to ,d1 & s on until he has ! splits ( ! requir$ size4 ,a ,,sawpit ,9 ! old5 times1 ! good old times1 :5 p did ?+s ) _! own h&s1 & ?us acquir$ great skill ) ! use ( _! h&s1 bo>ds 7 saw$ out f ! logs by plac+ ! log on a scaffold+ ov] a sawpit 7,fig4 #cfa74 ,9 ! good old times1 ! sl[ old times1 ! safe old times1 a h\se 0 n built 9 a week or a mon?2 ! timb] 0 well season$1 well select$1 & 9 _m cases su* h\ses are /&+ to-day6 ,on ! next block :]e ,i live & f :]e ,i am writ+1 & across ! /reet1 !re /&s a h\se /ill occupi$ :i* 0 built 9 #affa4 ,x is ! h\se t ,fox1 ! ,quak]1 0 qu>t]$ 9 :5 he 0 prea*+ "u ! spread+ oaks on ,long ,isl&4 ,! timb]s ( ?is h\se are /ill s\nd & /rong1 al?\gh ! woodwork 9 ne>by mod]n h\ses is decay+4 ,9 ! m\nta9s ( ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee !y /ill use ! sawpit1 & ! logs are held 9 place by jacks 7,fig4 #cee71 :i* are bran*es ( trees hook$ ov] ! log & ! longe/ =k ( ! bran* is !n sprung "u ! support+ cross-piece 7,fig4 #cfa74 ,( c\rse1 ! boy read]s ( ?is book are n go+ to be top sawy]s or make use ( a sawpit2 t is a real man's "w1 a big ,,he man's "w1 b ! boys ( to-day %\ld "k all ^! ?+s2 x is "p ( hi/ory & !y c bett] und]/& ! hi/ory ( our own c\ntry :5 !y "k h[ labori\sly1 *e]ily & *e]fully _! ance/ors work$ to build _! own home/eads1 & 9 ! build+ ( _! own home/eads !y unconsci\sly built t "* ( :i* _! desc5dants are s pr\d2 also !y built up a physique t 0 heal?y1 & a /urdy body = :i* _! desc5dants are p>ticul>ly ?ankful1 because good heal? & good physique are h]$it>y1 t is1 boys1 if y\r p>5ts1 y\r gr&p>5ts & y\r great gr&p>5ts 7 all heal?y1 :olesome p1 y />t$ y\r life z a heal?y1 :olesome *ild4 ,9 ?is *apt] ! writ] has emphasiz$ ! dang] ( edg$ tools = beg9n]s1 b he did t to make !m c>eful 9 ! use ( ! axe1 n to disc\rage !m 9 acquir+ skill ) x4 ,we mu/ rememb] t !re is no?+ 9 life t is n dang]\s1 & ! greate/ dang] ( all is n fire>ms1 is n edg$ tools1 is n wild bea/s1 is n tornadoes or e>?quakes1 avalan*es or floods1 b x is ,,luxury2 express$ 9 boy language1 x is ice cream1 soda wat]1 c&y1 s]vants & automobiles2 x is ev]y?+ :i* t5ds to make a boy dep5d5t ^u o!rs & s(t 9 m9d & muscle & to make him a sissy4 ,b h>d%ip1 9 ! s5se ( und]go+ privation & do+ h>d "w l *opp+ trees & saw+ logs1 makes a rugg$ body1 a clean1 heal?y m9d1 & gives long life4 ,s1 boys1 don't be afraid to build y\r own little %ack1 %anty or %elt]1 to *op ! k9dl+ wood = y\r "m1 to split up logs = ! fun ( do+ x1 or j to %[ t y "k h[4 ,don't be afraid to be a real pione] s t y may gr[ up to be a real ,abe ,l9coln6 ,if ,i am talk+ to m51 !y ne$ no detail$ def9ition ( luxury2 !y "k all ab\t x1 its cause & its effect2 !y also "k t luxury kills a race & h>d%ip pres]ves a race4 ,! ,am]ican boy %\ld be taught to love h>d%ip = h>d%ip's sake1 & !n ! ,am]icans z a race w be a success1 & a la/+ "o4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nds ,,& ,,fires ,,*]okee ,,indian ,,c\ncil ,,b>becue ,,camp ,,meet+ ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nd ,,! ,,indian ,,palisad$ ,,c\ncil ,,fire ,,indian ,,leg5ds ,,( ,,! ,,fire ,,/eal+ ,,! ,,fire ,,f ,,! ,,sun-,,maid5s ,,( ,,! ,,ea/ ,,my?s ,,( ,,! ,,mewan ,,indians ,,totems ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,w9ds1 ,,f\r ,,m\nta9s ,,& ,,f\r ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,compass ,,impractical ,,c\ncil ,,fires ,,advantages ,,( ,,! ,,oval ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nd ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,ellipse ,,h[ ,,to ,,divide ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nd ,,9 ,,f\r ,,c\rts ,,c\ncil ,,c]emonies ,,gho/ ,,walk ,,& ,,pa? ,,( ,,k ,,:at ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,colors ,,/& ,,= ,,patriotism1 ,,poetry ,,& ,,am]icanism ,,camp ,,meet+ ,,tor* ,,fires ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nds ,,& ,,fires ,,n[ t we h le>n$ ab\t ! s]i\s "p ( camp+1 hik+ & woodcraft1 ab\t fire-build+1 cook+ & axe "w1 we w leave ! long trail & ! h>d trail & dump our duffel bag 9 a recreation camp1 a ,boy ,sc\t camp1 a ,y4,m4,c4,a4 camp1 or a s*ool camp1 & aft] we h pit*$ our t5t & arrang$ our cot to suit our own conv5i5ce & ev]y?+ is %ip-%ape = ! night1 x is "t = u to get busy on our good turn & d some?+ = ! cr[d4 ,l ! great ,boy ,sc\t ,movem5t1 ! c\ncil fire is also a product ( ,am]ica4 ,! c\ncil fires 7 burn+ all ov] ?is l& :5 ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica4 ,x 0 ar\nd ! c\ncil fires t ! ,indians ga!r$ 9 solemn conclave to consult & discuss ! affairs ( _! tribes4 ,orig9ally ! c\ncil gr\nd 0 surr\nd$ by a palisade2 t is1 ! fire 0 9 ! c5t] ( a circul> =t4 ,ar\nd ?is fire ! old m5 ( ! tribe made _! eloqu5t addresses2 also ar\nd ?is fire ! w>riors danc$ ! scalp dance1 ! corn dance1 ! buffalo dance1 & all _! v>i\s religi\s dances4 ,lat] ! ,*]okee ,indians *ang$ ! c\ncil fire into a b>becue1 :]e !y roa/$ :ole beefs 9 pits ( gl[+ coals4 ,?is cu/om 0 adopt$ by ! politicians 9 ,k5tucky1 & ! ,k5tucky b>becues became v fam\s2 !y 7 :at might be call$ a by-product ( ! old ,indian c\ncil fires & a ,european fea/ comb9$4 ,b 9 #agii ! old ,indian c\ncil fires became camp meet+s1 & ar\nd ! blaz+ fagots ! pione]s ga!r$ to engage 9 religi\s revivals4 ,x 0 at "o ( ^! meet+s t ,daniel ,boone's great fri5d1 ,simon ,k5ton1 0 conv]t$ & became a ,me?odi/4 ,! camp meet+s 7 orig9at$ by two bro!rs by ! "n ( ,mc,gee4 ,bill ,mc,gee 0 a ,presbyt]ian1 & ,john ,mc,gee a ,me?odi/ m9i/]4 ,!y came to ,k5tucky f ,we/ ,t5nessee4 ,john ,mc,gee 0 su* a great backwoods prea*] 7a pione] ,billy ,sunday7 t he drew imm5se cr[ds ( bucksk9-clad m51 ea* ( :om c>ri$ a c['s horn p[d] flask & a long b>rel$ rifle4 ,! small build+s us$ = *ur*es 9 ! pione] settlem5ts c\ld n hold ! cr[d1 s !y ga!r$ ar\nd blaz+ c\ncil fires1 & f ?is beg9n+ came ! great religi\s revival :i* swept ! bord] ) a wave ( religi\s en?usiasm4 ,x is a f> call back to ! old ,indian c\ncil fire1 & ! blaz+ c\ncil fires ( ! pione] camp meet+s1 b to-day all ov] ?is l& we are hold+ simil> c\ncil fires1 _m ( !m conduct$ ) mu* c]emony1 & n a few ) religi\s f]vor4 ,! summ] hotels h _! c\ncil fires2 ! great ,camp ,fire ,club ( ,am]ica1 compos$ ( all ! fam\s big game hunt]s1 h lately b\ght a tract ( l& = ! purpose ( hold+ _! c\ncil fires 9 ! op51 & ! writ] int]rupt$ ! writ+ ( ?is *apt] to att5d "o ( ! club's c\ncil fires4 ,! milit>y s*ools are hold+ c\ncil fires1 & ev]y:]e ! ,boy ,sc\ts h _! c\ncil fires blaz+2 ev5 ! girls h fall5 9 l9e1 & ?is is z x %\ld be4 ,!re=e x is "t t "s regul> plan 0 made = ^! assemblies1 & "s sugge/ion ( c]emony & "s mean+ giv5 to ! c\ncil gr\nds4 ,,! ,,indian ,,orig9s ,we h se>*$ ! leg5ds ( ! ,r$ ,man = sugge/ions1 & f v>i\s s\rces h le>n$ t ! ,indian _h a g5]al belief t at ! nor? !re is a yell[ or black m\nta91 at ! ea/ !re is a :ite m\nta9 ( light1 at ! s\? !re is a r$ m\nta91 & at ! we/ !re is a blue m\nta94 ,at ! ea/ & we/ !re are also holes 9 ! sky1 ?r\gh :i* ! sun comes to light u by day1 & ?r\gh :i* ! sun disappe>s s t we may sleep by night4 ,t is news to mo/ ( my read]s1 b n to ! ,r$ ,m54 ,9 ! ,dawn ( ! ,_w1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,h>t ,m]riam gives a collection ( ,! ,my?s & ,weird ,tales told by ! ,mewan ,indians ( ,cali=nia1 :i* are full ( poetry & sugge/ions useful = ! c\ncil fire "w4 ,x seems t :5 ! :ite-foot$ m\se man1 & "s o!r ( ! animal p1 7 try+ to /eal ! sun1 or ! fire f :i* ! sun 0 made1 ! rob9 man1 ,wit-tab-bah1 suspect$ ^! visitors to be sort ( ,g]man spies1 & s he hov]$ ov] ! fire1 spread+ 8 w+s & tail to protect x4 ,n[ if y don't believe ?is y look at ! rob9's brea/ & y w see t he /ill c>ries ! r$ m>ks ( ! fire1 :i* is pro( en\gh = anyone2 h5ce we w give ! fire-keep] = our c\ncil ! "n ( ,wit-tab-bah1 ! rob94 ,s9ce ! nor? is presid$ ov] by ! totem ( ! m\nta9 lion1 or pan!r1 we w give ! (fic] occupy+ t c\rt ! ,indian "n ( ! m\nta9 lion1 ,he-le-jah4 ,! totem ( ! ea/ is ! :ite timb] wolf1 ,too-le-ze2 ! color ( t c\rt is :ite1 repres5t+ light4 ,! totem ( ! s\? c\rt is ! badg]2 ! color is r$ & ! ,indian "n is ,too-w9ks4 ,! color ( ! we/ c\rt is blue & ! totem is ! be>2 ,kor-le is ! ,indian "n ( ! be>1 & ! title ( ! (fic] presid+ ov] ! blue totem4 ,! gold5 or yell[ c\rt is ! ?rone ( ! presid+ (fic]1 ! sc\tma/] ( ! troop1 ! headma/] ( ! s*ool1 ! gangma/] ( y\r gang1 ! campma/] ( y\r camp1 or ! capta9 ( y\r team4 ,! second 9 comm& occupies ! :ite c\rt1 ! ?ird ! r$ c\rt1 & ! f\r? ! blue c\rt4 ,if y\r c\ncil is a milit>y s*ool ! comm&ant occupies ! yell[ c\rt1 ! lieut5ant-colonel ! :ite c\rt1 ! major ! r$ c\rt & ! fir/ capta9 ! blue c\rt4 ,n[ t y h t /raight 9 y\r heads we w proce$ to lay out ! c\rt4 ,! au?or is aw>e ( ! fact t ! g5]al read] may be m int]e/$ 9 sc\t camp+1 summ] camp+1 & recreation camps ?an 9 real wild]ness "w1 b he has tri$ to impress ^u ! boys & girls1 too1 = t matt]1 ! fact t ! k ( real wild]ness "w w make ev5 ! ne>-at-home camp+ easi] = !m1 & v mu* m int]e/+2 x w also cause !m to enjoy ! c\ncil fire bett] & h a great] appreciation = ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to outdoor life4 ,! wild]ness campfire ov] :i* ! solit>y explor] or hunt] hov]s1 or ar\nd :i* a gr\p ( hunt]s assemble & sp9 _! y>ns1 magnifi$ & enl>g$ to a big blaz+ fire becomes ! c\ncil fire ar\nd :i* ga!r all ! memb]s ( a recreation camp1 ! pupils ( an outdoor s*ool1 a troop or _m troops ( ,boy ,sc\ts2 !re=e we h giv5 ! c\ncil fire s]i\s /udy1 because ! mo/ inconv5i5t z well z ! mo/ romantic place to talk is at ,illu/ration3 #cfg1 #cfh1 #cgj1 #cgc1 #chb1 #chi ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 #cfb1 #cfc1 #cfd1 #cfe1 #cff ,,h[ ,,to ,,lay ,,out ,a ,,c\ncil ,,gr\nd ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,fire ,!re c\ld be no m impractical plan = a place to speak ?an a circle ) a big fire 9 ! middle ( x1 & t is ! plan ( all ! c\ncil gr\nds4 ,! audi5ce mu/ be seat$ on ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle1 & ! ,ma/] ( ,c]emonies mu/ /& necess>ily ) 8 face to ! fire & 8 back to "p ( 8 audi5ce1 or 8 back to ! fire & consequ5tly also to ! "p ( ! audi5ce on ! o!r side ( ! fire4 ,hav+ _h occasion ov] & ov] aga9 to address ! sc\ts at a c\ncil fire1 ! writ] has _h all ! discom=ts impress$ ^u him _m times4 ,z a rule1 ! boys are en?usia/ic1 & s are ! m51 & ! en?usiasm is mo/ (t5 display$ by ! size ( ! fire2 ! bigg] ! fire ! great] ! delight ( ! boys & ! m difficult ! position ( ! orator or ,ma/] ( ,c]emonies4 ,all ?is may be ov]come1 h[ev]1 if 9 place ( a circle ! c\ncil gr\nds are laid out 9 an oval or an ellipse1 & ! fire-place locat$ ne> "o end ( ! ellipse 7,fig4 #cga74 ,,h[ ,,to ,,describe ,,an ,,ellipse ,aft] y h decid$ ^u ! size ( y\r c\ncil gr\nds1 drive two /akes ,a & ,b 7,figs4 #cfc & #cfe7 firmly into ! gr\nd2 !n take a cord1 clo!sl9e1 or "s k9d ( tw9e 7,fig4 #cfb71 & tie ! ends toge!r1 ?us =m+ a loop 7,fig4 #cfc72 put ! loop ov] ! two /akes ,a & ,b2 next make a m>k] /ake ,c 7,fig4 #cff71 & ) x draw ! slack ( ! l9e taut z 9 ,fig4 #cfd4 ,! ellipse is m>k$ out z 9 ,fig4 #cfe4 ,?is is done by tak+ firm hold ( ! top ( ! /ake & us+ c>e to keep ! l9e taut :ile ! m>k] walks ar\nd ! gr\nd scrat*+ ! e>? ) ! po9t ( ! m>k+ /ick1 & all[+ ! cord to slip smoo?ly across ! /ick :ile ! m>k+ is be+ done 7,fig4 #cfd74 ,,:at ,,is ,,an ,,ellipse8 ,an ellipse might be call$ a flatt5$ circle4 ,if y take a t9 c & press ! two sides ( ! op5 end ( x inw>ds1 x w =m an ellipse4 ,! diction>y says t an ellipse is a conic :i* does n ext5d to inf9ity & ^: int]sections ) ! l9e ( inf9ity are imag9>y4 ,n[ t is a v lucid explanation6 ,i hope y und]/& x1 x is s simple1 b x is j l a diction>y to say su* t]rible ?+s ab\t a h>mless ellipse4 ,to tell ! tru?1 ,i ?\ght ,i knew all ab\t an ellipse until ,i read ?is explanation2 b nev] m9d1 we "k :at x looks l & if we d n "k :at x is1 we d "k t !re are a lot ( ?+s besides ellipses t d n ext5d to inf9ity1 & we also "k t an ellipse is a practical =m = a c\ncil fire 9 spite ( ! h>d names ! diction>y calls x4 ,?is oval is really %ap$ l ! body ( a !atre & x gives ! audi5ce a *ance to see :at is do+ on ! /age1 & ! p on ! /age a *ance to see & address ! audi5ce4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,divide ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,fire ,,gr\nd ,?is inf9ity talk has sugge/$ to u a good idea1 s we mu/ ?ank our highbr[ diction>y :ile we lay our c\ncil gr\nd out ) ! major axis 7! longe/ diamet]7 ext5d+ due nor? & s\?1 & ! m9or axis 7! %orte/ diamet]7 ext5d+ due ea/ & we/1 l any o!r well regulat$ c\ncil or lodge1 & we w put ! fire-place ne> ! s\!rn end ,s 7,fig4 #cga71 :ile ar\nd ! ellipse we w arrange ! seats1 :i* may be ( logs or /umps or sections ( logs set up on end1 z ,i us$ 9 "o ( my camps1 or ! seats may be r\gh plank b5*es1 or !y may be pon*os spread ^u ! gr\nd ) ! %9y side d[n to keep ! dampness f ! audi5ce z x squats tailor-fa%ion ^u ! pon*os4 ,,! ,,f\r ,,c\rts ,are compos$ ( %acks1 su* z are %[n by ,fig4 #cfg4 ,he-le-jah 7,fig4 #cga71 be+ ! ,c\rt ( ,k1 is ! only c\rt hav+ an elevat$ plat=m1 or pulpit1 or speak]'s /& 7,fig4 #cfh74 ,on ea* side ( ea* c\rt !re %\ld be a tor*2 ,fig4 #cfi is :at we w call ! camp meet+ tor*2 ,fig4 #cgj is :at we w call ! /eamboat tor*2 x mu/ be made by a blacksmi?4 ,x is an iron basket support$ by iron *a9s1 hung d[n f an iron b& at ! top ( a /aff2 ! latt] is %od ) an iron po9t s t x may be ?ru/ into ! gr\nd4 ,^! fire baskets ,i h us$ ) success 9 "o ( my camps4 ,b homemade tor*es are to be pref]r$ 7see ,fig4 #cfi74 ,a h& tor* 7,fig4 #cgc7 may be made ( p9e1 spruce or c$> sliv]s & us$ = processions ent]+ ! c\ncil gr\nds2 ?is gives a ?rill+ effect4 ,9 ! diagram 7,fig4 #cgj71 ! /aff is %ort1 b x %\ld be long en\gh to place ! tor* z high above ! gr\nd z a *&eli] is above ! floor at home4 ,fig4 #cgb %[s ! me?od ( pil+ up ! wood = ! c\ncil fire4 ,! k9dl+ wood is fir/ plac$ ^u ! gr\nd ready to light at a mom5t's notice2 ov] t ! heavy wood is pil$1 z %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,?is fire %\ld nev] be light$ ) a mat*2 t is t]rible bad =m4 ,! use ( fl9t & /eel or a rubb+ /ick to make fire is ! prop] c]emony = su* occasions4 ,fig4 #cgd %[s h[ to make a fire box ( /icks4 ,?is is an a]oplane view ( a fire box1 t is1 a view f above1 look+ d[n ^u x4 ,?is box %\ld be fill$ ) s&1 clay or dirt1 ^u :i* ! fire is built4 ,fig4 #cge & ,fig4 #cgf %[ y h[ to la% ! framework toge!r4 ,fig4 #cgg %[s h[ to put up ! framework4 ,fig4 #cfi is ! f9i%$ tor*4 ,! idea ( ?is tor* is to h ! light above ! heads ( ! camp]s4 ,! tr\ble ) a fire ^u ! gr\nd is t :ile ! flames give light !y also hide "p ( ! cr[d1 & ! smoke is always 9 someone's face4 ,?is elevat$ tor* is a br& new idea = ?is purpose4 ,x w be adopt$ all ov] ! c\ntry & cr$it$ to all sorts ( s\rces & p1 b y mu/ rememb] t x 0 design$ = ! read]s ( ?is book4 ,if mill$ lumb] is us$ 9 build+ ! %acks = ! f\r c\rts1 x %\ld be cam\flag$ ) pa9t or /a9 s z to look ru/ic4 ,x may be ro($ ) bo>ds & ! bo>ds cov]$ ) t> pap]1 or any ( ! mod]n ro(+ mat]ials to be _h1 b 9 t case ! ro( %\ld be cam\flag$ by lay+ poles ov] ! top ( x1 or1 if poles are n available1 cov]+ ! top ) sods4 ,y see ! idea is ?is3 we are hav+ a ,,c\ncil ,,fire--n some?+ else--& we want ! ?+ to look wild & ru/ic because t is "p ( ! game1 & if we are compell$ to g to ! lumb]y>d = our mat]ial1 :i* mo/ ( u w h to d1 !n we mu/ conceal ?is fact z f> z possible by cam\flage4 ,9 front ( ! ,s\? ,c\rt on ,fig4 #cga is ! fire-place made ( flat /ones set 9 ! e>?4 ,,c\ncil ,,fire ,,c]emonies ,on ent]+ ! c\ncil gr\nds always ent] f ! ea/1 salute ,too-le-ze1 ! :ite wolf1 !n g across ! ,gho/ ,walk ) ! sun to ! ,we/ ,c\rt1 & salute ,kor-le1 ! be>2 ab\t face & m>* back to ! ,s\? ,c\rt & salute ,too-w9ks1 ! badg]2 !n ab\t face & m>* up & salute ,he-le-jah1 ! pan!r2 rema9 /&+ at salute until ,he-le-jah :o is ! comm&+ (fic]1 gives y p]mission to retire1 or gives y ord]s :at to d2 !n g back1 always mov+ along ^! walks l a soldi]1 to y\r seat4 ,illu/ration3 #cgd1 #cge1 #cgf1 #cgg ,,details ,,( ,,camp ,,meet+ ,,tor* ,,/& ,,s& ,,box ,on ,sundays ! c\ncil gr\nd is a spl5did place = hold+ religi\s s]vices4 ,on su* occasions ! m9i/] sits 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,k1 ! ,nor? ,c\rt on ! "r-h& side ( ! presid+ (fic]1 & ! two tor*es 9 ! daytime are replac$ by flags or bann]s4 ,! "o on ! "r-h& side ( ! presid+ (fic] mu/ be ,old ,glory1 ! "o on ! left ! flag ( ! s*ool1 ! troop or ! club to :i* ! c\ncil fire belongs4 ,! c5t] ( ! c\ncil fire may be occupi$ by a ,lib]ty ,pole1 :i* is ! good old ,am]ican "n = ! flag pole1 f :i* ,old ,glory flies4 ,nev] =get to respect ! colors & greet !m ) ! greate/ c]emonial def]5ce1 = ^? colors possess a magic quality2 !y repres5t to y ev]y?+ t is gr&1 noble & inspir+1 & if y h any o!r k9d ( ?\ghts1 ?is c\ntry is no place = y4 ,rememb] t ! c\ncil fire is ,am]ican1 & we are pr\d to be call$ ,am]icans4 ,! walk1 or pa? f ! ea/ to ! we/ is ! ,gho/ ,walk1 or ! ,_s's ,walk2 x is ! pa? :i* ,indians believe ! _s takes aft] leav+ ! body1 an idea :i* 0 consci\sly or unconsci\sly adopt$ by our brave boys dur+ ! rec5t w> & x expla9s :at !y meant :51 ) b[$ heads1 !y report$ t _! bunky1 pal or fri5d _h gone ,we/4 ,! ,we/]n ,c\rt has ! totem animal ( ! black be>2 ! color ( ! c\rt1 h[ev]1 is n black b blue1 blue f ! blue ,pacific2 ! totem object is a blue m\nta94 ,! walk f ! s\? to ! nor? is ! ,pa? ( ,k2 anyone travel+ t trail is seek+ fur!r k ( ! b5efits ( woodcraft1 nature & ! big outdoors2 ! totem animal ( ! ,nor? ,c\rt is ! ,am]ican pan!r1 c\g> or m\nta9 lion2 ! color ( ! ,nor? ,c\rt is yell[ or black1 ! latt] repres5t+ ! long arctic night4 ,! ,s\!rn ,c\rt has ! badg] = its totem animal1 & ! r$ m\nta9 = ! totem object2 r$ is its totem color4 ,?us we h :ite = ! totem color ( ! ea/1 mean+ light1 peace & purity2 r$ = ! s\?1 mean+ viol5ce1 di/urbance1 auction1 dang]1 revolution1 love & life4 ,?is color is bo? /imulat+ & di/urb+ to man1 animal & plant4 ,p]haps :5 we read ( ! turmoil t is con/antly di/urb+ our s\!rn bord]1 we may ?9k t ! ,indians _h a k ( ! real mean+ ( r$ :5 !y made ! totem ( ! s\? a r$ m\nta94 ,r$ is ! rul+ color1 ! k+ ( color1 ! dom9ant color1 ! /rong color1 & symbolizes ! blossom+ ( plants & is ! color ( b]ries & fruit4 ,r$ t9ts ! spr+ leaves & /a9s ! fall leaf4 ,9 ! spr+ ! ?ickets & tree trunks are t+$ ) r$2 !y are blu%+1 s to speak1 z ,rusk9 says1 9 ord] to %[ ! wait+ ( love4 ,r$ is emphatically a mascul9e color1 a ,,man',s ,,color4 ,blue is a fem99e color2 x /&s = s5tim5tal affections1 blue light has a depress+ effect & creates n]v\sness4 ,black is ! ogre among colors2 x dev\rs e o!r color2 sometimes ! ,nor? ,c\rt is black2 black /&s = w> & dea?1 & yet ! pa? to ! nor? is ! pa? ( k4 ,x may be t "s ( ! ,indians us$ black = ! nor? because !y may h not$ t climate affects ! color ( birds & animals4 ,accord+ to ,frank ,*apman1 ! fam\s orni?ologi/ at ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 ,new ,york1 ! animals ( ! humid climate ( ! nor?we/ are especially d>k 9 color4 ,if y use yell[ = ! nor? color1 yell[ means laught] & mir?4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t we use yell[ z a sign = contagi\s disease1 wom5 suffragi/s & c[>dice1 a yell[ light makes a ga!r+ *e]ful & m]ry2 s 9 approa*+ ! ,nor? ,c\rt y may s+4 ,! ,indian names = ! f\r c\rts are ,too-le-ze1 ! ea/1 = ! s\? ,too-w9ks1 = ! we/ ,kor-le1 & = ! nor? ,kon-w94 ,he-le-jah is ! ,indian "n = ! pan!r or m\nta9 lion t gu>ds ! nor? m\nta94 ,n[ !n y h ! symbolism2 9 o!r words1 "k :at ^! ?+s /& =1 & t w give a mean+ to y\r c]emony ar\nd ! c\ncil fire4 ,s9ce r$ means life & black means dea?1 possibly ! ,indians h plac$ a deep significance on ! pa? f ! ,r$ ,c\rt to ! ,black ,c\rt1 f life to dea?6 :5 !y call x ! ,pa? ( ,k4 ,at any rate1 we w take x z we f9d x & adapt ourselves to ! sugge/ions ^! mean+s give u4 ,we w claim t colors are ! spirits1 fairies or :at n :o gov]n ! c\ncil fire4 ,wit-tab-bah is ! "n ( ! fire itself or ! fire-place4 ,:5 ! fire is built1 plac$ ne> ! ,s\!rn or ,r$ ,c\rt1 x gives ! *ief1 ! capta91 ! sup]9t5d5t1 or ! sc\tma/]1 :o occupies ! ,nor? ,c\rt1 a space 9 front ( him big en\gh to accommodate 8 audi5ce4 ,! real way to illum9ate1 or light up1 ! c\ncil gr\nds is by hav+ ,,tor* ,,fires ,erect$ at ea* ( ! f\r c\rts4 ,^! fire tor*es at ! f\r c\rts1 if kept repl5i%$ ) dry wood1 w light up ! c\ncil gr\nds & give a mo/ picturesque & wild appe>ance1 & at ! same "t w n int]f]e ) ! c]emonies nor w !y scor* ! back or face ( ! speak]4 ,wit-tab-bah may be us$ on occasions :5 ! cr[d is n l>ge4 ,no c\ncil fire any:]e )9 ! bord]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld op5 )\t ! pl$ge to ! ,am]ican flag1 & ! recit+ 9 unison by all pres5t ( ! ,am]ican cre$4 7,see page #bfh47 ,! c\ncil %\ld close ) ! s++ ( ,am]ica4 ,especially %\ld ^! c]emonies be gone ?r\gh ) :5 ! assembly is compos$ ( _m "y p1 because :at ,george ,wa%+ton said 9 8 f>ewell address is z true to-day z x 0 a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,aga9/ ! insidi\s wiles ( =eign influ5ces ,i conjure y to believe me1 fell[ citiz5s1 ! jeal\sy ( a free p ought to be con/antly awake1 s9ce hi/ory & exp]i5ce prove t =eign influ5ce is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful foes ( republican gov]nm5t4 ,!re is no reason :y we %\ld n h a lot ( fun at ! c\ncil fires1 & at times x may ev5 be riot\s fun1 b always ,am]ican fun1 & ! patriotic _s %\ld nev] = a mom5t be =gott51 nor yet ! poetic _s :i* l9ks u up 9 bonds ( sympa?y ) all creat$ ?+s s t we may1 ) s]i\sness1 recite ! ,,indian ,,invocation ,o ,great ,my/]y1 we besee* !e4 ,t we may walk rev]5tly ,b5ea? ,lah-pah our bro!rs1 ! trees4 ,t we may /ep lightly ,on ,kis-s our k9sm51 ! grasses4 ,t we may walk lov+ly ,ov] ,loo-poo-oi-yes our bro!rs1 ! rocks4 ,t we may re/ tru/fully ,:]e ! ,o-lel-le bird s+s-- ,beside ,ho-ha-oe1 ! talk+ wat]s4 or ?is1 ,weave = u1 ,o ,great ,my/]y1 ,a bright blanket ( wisdom2 ,make ! w>p ! color ( ,fa!r ,sky1 ,let ,he-koo-las1 ! sun-woman4 ,l5d h] bright hair = ! weft4 ,& m+le ) x ! r$ & gold ?reads ( ev5+4 ,o ,great ,my/]y2 ,o ,"m ,e>?6 ,o ,fa!r ,sky6 ,we1 y\r *ildr51 love ! ?+s y love2 ,!re=e1 let ! bord] ( our blanket ,be b5d+ ,ku-yet-tah1 ! ra9b[4 ,& ! fr+e be glitt]+ ,nuk-kah1 ! sla%+ ra94 or ) ab&on we may s+1 or *ant ! song ( ! elves1 ,f,oh1 we are ! fays1 oh1 we are ! elves4 ,:o1 laugh+ at ev]y?+1 laugh at ourselves4 ,if ,=tune's :eel is broke4 ,:y1 we c put a spoke 9 x4 ,mis=tune hits no /roke1 ,b we c put a joke 9 x4 ,! owl c d our ?9k+4 ,z he sits aw9k+1 bl9k+4 ,we act f intuition1 ,fun & mis*ief is our mission2 ,solemn duty1 we h none ( x4 ,:at we d is = ! fun ( x2 ,fun is none too light to prize1 ,?\ght is naught b fancy's flight4 ,folly's jolly1 wit is wise1 ,laught] aft] all is "r4 ,,footnote3 ,f ,f unpubli%$ v]ses by ,capta9 ,h>ry ,be>d4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,ritual ,,( ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,fire ,,program ,,( ,a ,,c\ncil ,,fire ,,invocation ,,! ,,pl$ge ,,& ,,cre$ ,,( ,,all ,,am]icans ,,appeal ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,ritual ,,( ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,fire ,,! c]emonies ( ! ,c\ncil ,fire may be conduct$ ) ! accompanim5t ( pageantry to any ext5t desirable4 ,at ! ,c\ncil ,fire ( ! ,dan ,be>d ,outdoor ,s*ool1 ! (fic]s dress 9 co/ume2 n masqu]ade co/umes b ! real ones4 ,,! ,,man ,,( ,,! ,,nor?1 :o att5ds to ! ,nor!rn ,lights1 is g>b$ 9 ! blanket clo!s ( a nor!rn lumb]man & c>ries an axe4 ,,! ,,man ,,( ,,! ,,ea/1 :o att5ds ! fire :]e ! sun maid5s dwell1 may be array$ 9 ! clo!s ( "o ( our ,pilgrim fa!rs4 ,,! ,,man ,,( ,,! ,,we/1 :o att5ds ! fire ( ! ,blue ,m\nta91 is deck$ 9 ! fr+$ bucksk9 clo!s ( ! trapp]1 pla9sman1 or m\nta9e]4 ,,! ,,man ,,( ,,! ,,s\?1 :o gu>ds ! fire ( ! ,r$ ,m\nta91 is dress$ 9 ! picturesque co/ume ( a ,mexican ) a high-cr[n$ sombr]o4 ,! seats ( ! diff]5t c\rts are drap$ ) ! colors ( ! c\rts4 ,,program ,,( ,a ,,c\ncil ,,fire ,! gue/s ent] & take _! seats1 !n ! ,h]ald ent]s dress$ 9 ! co/ume ( a sc\t1 a fronti]sman1 or a m$ic9e man1 accord+ to ! plan ( ! p>ticul> ,c\ncil ,fire4 ,! ,h]ald faces ! nor? f 8 /& 9 ! c5t] ( ! c\ncil gr\nd & bl[s assembly call1 or a bla/ on a c['s horn1 !n :eels ab\t & faces ! ea/1 !n ! s\? & !n ! we/1 & at ea* he bl[s assembly4 ,) ! la/ notes & ! la/ call ! ,sc\ts1 ,woodcraft]s1 ,pione]s or /ud5ts ent] ! circle1 m>*+ s+le-file ar\nd until ! circle is complete1 & !y /& opposite :]e !y are to sit4 ,! ,h]ald n[ bl[s a fanf>e & ! (fic]s m>* into ! c\ncil gr\nd ) ! colors & ! color gu>d4 ,! (fic]s gr\p !mselves ar\nd _! ,*ief1 ! ,sc\t ,executive1 ! ,sc\t ,commission]1 ! ,headma/] or ! man 9 au?ority at ! ,nor? ,c\rt4 ,,invocation ,! ,lead]1 or head (fic]1 /eps =w>d & ?r[+ bo? h&s up 9 a ge/ure ( appeal1 9 :i* he is imitat$ by ! assembly1 he repeats3 ,weave = u1 ,o ,great ,my/]y1 etc4 7z already giv574 ,!n he cries3 ,f\r ,w9ds ( ! ,e>?1 we h salut$ y6 ,w9d ( ! ,nor?1 f :5ce come our sn[ & ice1 ,w9d ( ! ,ea/1 f :5ce come our cl\ds & ra9s1 ,w9d ( ! ,we/1 f :5ce comes our sun%9e1 ,w9d ( ! ,s\?1 f :5ce comes our w>m?1 ,s5d u y\r m5 to gu>d ! my/ic fires4 ,! ,m5 ( ! ,nor?1 ,ea/1 ,we/ & ,s\?1 n[ /ep 9 front ( ! ,*ief1 & he directs !m to ,see t ! my/ic fires are blaz+4 ,! fires1 hav+ already be5 c>efully prep>$1 are n[ light$ by ! fire-keep]s "u ! direction ( ! m5 ( ! ,f\r ,w9ds1 & ! latt] return & report to ! ,*ief 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,*ief4444 ,man ( ! ,nor?1 y ^: mighty axe bites to ! he>t ( ! p9e1 ,are ! my/ic ,nor!rn ,lights burn+ at ,kon-w98 ,is ,he-le-jah1 ! ,m\nta9-lion1 on gu>d on ! yell[ m\nta9 ( ! ,nor?8 ,man ( ! ,nor?4444 ,*ief1 ! ,m$ic9e fire has be5 light$1 ! ,m\nta9-lion is gu>d+ ! yell[ m\nta9 ( ! ,nor?1 ,all is well4 ,*ief4444 ,man ( ! ,ea/1 is ! ,m$ic9e ,fire at ,too-le-ze blaz+8 ,is ! ,:ite ,wolf on gu>d at ! ,:ite ,m\nta91 :]e ! sun-maid5s dwell8 ,man ( ! ,ea/4444 ,*ief1 ,too-le-ze blazes 9 ! ,ea/1 ! ,:ite ,wolf is on gu>d4 ,wah-tab-bah1 ! rob91 %ields ! fire1 ,all is well4 ,*ief4444 ,man ( ! ,we/1 man ( ! pla9s & m\nta9s1 does ! my/ic fire at ,kor-le blaze8 ,is ! ,black ,be> gu>d+ ! ,blue ,m\nta91 :]e ! sun sets8 ,man ( ! ,we/4444 ,*ief1 ,kor-le is ablaze1 ! ,black ,be>'s gr[ls may be he>d 9 ! torr5t t gu>ds ! ,blue ,m\nta94 ,all is well4 ,*ief4444 ,man ( ! ,s\?1 h[ blazes ! fire at ,too-w9ks8 ,has ! ,r$ ,badg] come f its burr[ to /& gu>d on ! ,r$ ,m\nta98 ,man ( ! ,s\?4444 ,*ief1 ,too-w9ks flames to ! sky4 ,! ,r$ ,badg] is on gu>d4 ,all is well4 ,! ,color ,gu>d n[ ent]s1 m>*es up to 9 front ( ! (fic]s & all /& at salute4 ,! ,color ,gu>d ) colors ab\t faces & ! gue/s & all pres5t recite 9 unison3 ,,! ,,pl$ge ,,& ,,cre$ ,,( ,,all ,,am]icans ,i believe 9 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,i believe 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates =m ( gov]nm5t1 ,i believe 9 ! preamble ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ,i believe t all m5 are creat$ equal1 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights1 among :i* are ,life1 ,lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( ,happ9ess4 ,i believe 9 our ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p1 by ! ,p & = ! ,p1 a gov]nm5t ^: j p[]s are d]iv$ f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$1 a ,sov]eign ,nation ( _m ,sov]eign ,/ates1 a ,democracy 9 a ,republic1 a p]fect ,union1 "o & insep>able4 ,a ,union :i* w live because ( ! vital pr9ciples ( ,fre$om1 ,equality1 ,ju/ice1 ,humanity & ,k9dness :i* x conta9s1 & = :i* ,am]ican ,patriots h will+ly sacrific$ _! lives & =tunes4 ,i !re=e believe t 9 ord] to respect my own manhood ,i mu/ love my c\ntry1 support its ,con/itution & obey its ,laws2 also t ,i mu/ respect its ,flag1 & def5d x aga9/ all enemies4 ,aft] :i* may come ! ,sc\t oa?1 ,pione] oa? or ,camp-fire oa?1 z ! case may be4 ,!n ! comm& is giv5 to spread pon*os1 foll[$ by ! comm& squat6 :5 all ! ,sc\ts1 ,woodcraft]s1 ,pione]s1 or /ud5ts squat tailor-fa%ion ^u _! pon*os1 & ! gue/s seat !mselves on ! b5*es :i* h be5 provid$ = !m4 ,foll[+ ?is comes ! address by ! speak]s1 ! ent]ta9m5ts & exhibitions ( woodcraft1 sc\tcraft1 or h&icraft1 ! games1 & o!r ent]ta9m5t2 !n foll[s ! aw>d+ ( honors4 ,aft] :i* all /& to s+ ,am]ica4 ,!n ! ,*ief or ,lead] /eps =w>d & repeats ! foll[+ ,,appeal ,o ,great ,my/]y1 we besee* !e 7z previ\sly giv57 & ends up ) ! b5$iction1 9 :i* he uses ! ,indian phraseology3 ,may ! ,great ,my/]y put sun%9e 9 all y\r he>ts4 ,good-night4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,obvi\s punctuation errors repair$4 ,! text sometimes _h v n>r[ spaces betwe5 words ?is 0 n reta9$4 ,v>i$ hyph5ation 0 reta9$4 ,page ii1 quad *ang$ to quod 7objectum quod complexum7 ,page #ajc1 ,rodg] *ang$ to ,rodg]s 7,wa%+ton1 ,george ,rodg]s ,cl>k7 ,page #acg1 an upside d[n #a 0 pres5t 9 ! numb] #aib4 77,fig4 #aib71 !n put a loop7 ,page #ahi1 illu/ration ( a ,pack ,tra9 ,outfit is miss+ lett]s = ,q & ,r4 ,page #bjb1 con=table *ang$ to com=table 7a v com=table mattress7