,transcriber's note3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 ,small capital text has been replaced with all capitals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,feeding ,,her ,,bird ,mabel ,c----1 aged #ab1 ,algona1 ,washington ,,school ,,credit ,,for ,,home ,,work ,,by ,l4 ,r4 ,,alderman ,,city ,,superintendent ,,of ,,schools ,,portland1 ,,oregon ,,formerly ,,superintendent ,,of ,,public ,,instruction1 ,,state ,,of ,,oregon ,,houghton ,,mifflin ,,company ,,boston ,,new ,,york ,,chicago ,the ,riverside ,press ,cambridge ,,copyright1 #aiae1 ,,by ,l4 ,r4 ,,alderman ,,all ,,rights ,,reserved ,the ,riverside ,press ,,cambridge4 ,,massachusetts ,u4,s4,a ,,to ,,the ,,memory ,,of ,,my ,,father ,,and ,,mother ,who made their boys happy partners in the work of the home and farm ,,preface ,it has been a surprise and a delight to me1 as this book has been in progress1 to learn of the many different ways that people have worked out these home credit plans4 ,it has been as if ,i could see into many happy schoolrooms4 ,letters from mothers and fathers boasting of the accomplishments of their children1 have brought to me a little glow from the hearthsides of many homes4 ,a father brought his boy--or rather the boy brought his father--up to see me and talk over what the boy was doing at home4 ,the father boasted of the boy's fine garden1 his big pumpkins1 his watermelons that would attract the neighbors4 ,johnny almost burst the top button off his vest with pride as his father praised him and patted him on the head4 ,after this happy meeting1 the father and the son got on the high wagon seat and rode home2 and as ,i saw them going down the street1 ,i could imagine what they talked about4 ,such glimpses help to make a school man's life worth while2 and ,i have had many of them as ,i have been writing this book4 ,for the fact that this book exists at all1 ,i am indebted to my wife1 who has helped me with every part of it1 and to ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,c4 ,c4 ,thomason1 of ,olympia1 ,washington1 who believed in the book from the first4 ,mrs4 ,thomason has also done much work on the book2 she has gathered all the illustrative material1 visiting many schools and writing many letters4 ,she and my wife have done most of the organizing of material1 and have gone over the manuscript together4 ,to ,miss ,fanny ,louise ,barber1 of the ,washington ,high ,school1 ,portland1 ,i am grateful for her careful reading and revision of several chapters4 ,i owe thanks to ,mrs4 ,sarah ,j4 ,hoagland1 of ,belt1 ,montana1 for the true and vivid stories she has sent me2 and ,i am thankful to all the home credit teachers1 with whom we have been corresponding1 for their painstaking answers to our letters1 as well as for the valuable plans that they have originated4 ,l4 ,r4 ,,alderman4 ,,portland1 ,,oregon1 ,november #af1 #aiad4 ,,contents ,,part ,,one ,i4 ,,introduction #a ,,ii4 ,,mary #g ,,iii4 ,,the ,,spring ,,valley ,,school #aa ,,iv4 ,,what ,,will ,,become ,,of ,,the ,,algebra8 #bd ,v4 ,,honoring ,,labor #cd ,,vi4 ,,habit-,,building #ci ,,vii4 ,,that ,,other ,,teacher ,,and ,,that ,,teacher',s ,,laboratory #df ,,viii4 ,,stella ,,and ,,sadie #ec ,,ix4 ,a ,,story ,,and ,,letters ,,from ,,teachers #fj ,,part ,,two ,i4 ,,illustrative ,,home ,,credit ,,plans #ga ,,ii4 ,,home ,,credit ,,in ,,high ,,schools #aef ,,appendix #afg ,,index #agg ,,illustrations ,,feeding ,,her ,,bird ,frontispiece ,,spring ,,valley ,,school #ab ,,picnic ,,luncheon1 ,,spring ,,valley #bj ,,joe ,,in ,,the ,,garage #bh ,,work ,,credited ,,at ,,school #cf ,,earning ,,home ,,credits #db ,o4 ,h4 ,,benson ,,potato ,,club #hh ,,high ,,school ,,boys ,,in ,,railroad ,,shops #aef ,,school ,,credit ,,for ,,home ,,work ,,part ,,one ,i ,,introduction ,the child is a born worker2 activity is the law of his nature4 ,,francis ,w4 ,,parker4 ,this book is simply the narrative of the working-out of an idea4 ,the idea first came to me from memories of my own home1 where tasks were assigned to us children and were made to seem important4 ,with my father1 the work was always carried on in the spirit of a game1 and the game could be made as interesting as any other game2 in the meantime something was being done that was worth while4 ,among many other memories there comes one of our laying a rail fence by moonlight1 after a freshet had taken the other fence away2 when the game was to get the line completed before the moon went down4 ,i can still see father laying rail on rail1 and enjoy his glowing enthusiasm at our accomplishment4 ,the fence still stands4 ,besides seeking to make the work interesting in itself1 father had a device to put a value on time for his boys by giving us free time after the tasks were completed to do as we saw fit4 ,the desire1 after ,i became a teacher1 to put myself in the enviable position of my father as an inspiring influence with children1 was the motive that took my thoughts out of the schoolroom into the homes of my pupils4 ,should not the school be simply a group of people come together for improvement1 with the teacher as their best friend1 ready to discuss and promote everything that seems worth while8 ,we found it easy to talk at school about the things the children were concerned with out of school4 ,one spring my pupils carried home1 from our little boxes at school1 cabbage plants and tomato plants to become members of their families for the summer4 ,later we had a county school fair for the exhibition of the children's clear jelly and fine bread and vegetables and sewing and carpentry4 ,the schools were trying to recognize the whole child4 ,this book is written in the hope that parents1 teachers1 and children may be helped to work together more joyously and harmoniously on the real problems of life4 ,when ,i was teaching in the ,university of ,oregon in the spring of #aiaj1 ,i wrote and had published in the ,oregon papers the following article3-- ,we all believe that civilization is founded upon the home4 ,the school should be a real helper to the home4 ,how can the school help the home8 ,how can it help the home establish habits in the children of systematic performance of home duties so that they will be efficient and joyful home helpers8 ,one way is for the school to take into account home industrial work and honor it4 ,it is my conviction1 based upon careful and continuous observation1 that the school can greatly increase the interest the child will take in home industrial work by making it a subject of consideration at school4 ,a teacher talked of sewing1 and the girls sewed4 ,she talked of ironing1 and they wanted to learn to iron neatly4 ,she talked of working with tools1 and both girls and boys made bird houses1 kites1 and other things of interest4 ,recently a school garden was planned in a city and one of the boys was employed to plow the land4 ,seventy-five children were watching for him to come with the team4 ,at last he came driving around the corner4 ,he could manage a team4 ,he drove into the lot1 and a hundred and fifty eyes looked with admiration at the boy who could unhitch from the sled and hitch to the plow2 and then as he1 man-fashion1--lines over one shoulder and under one arm1--drove the big team around the field1 all could feel the children's admiration for the boy who could do something worth while4 ,and ,i have seen a girl who could make good bread or set a table nicely get the real admiration of her schoolmates4 ,the school can help make better home-builders4 ,it can help by industrial work done in the school1 but as that is already receiving consideration by the press and in a few schools1 ,i shall not in this short article treat of it4 ,the plan ,i have in mind will cost no money1 will take but little school time1 and can be put into operation in every part of the ,state at once4 ,it will create a demand for expert instruction later on4 ,it is to give school credit for industrial work done at home4 ,the mother and father are to be recognized as teachers1 and the school teacher put into the position of one who cares about the habits and tastes of the whole child4 ,then the teacher and the parents will have much in common4 ,every home has the equipment for industrial work and has some one who uses it with more or less skill4 ,the school has made so many demands on the home that the parents have in some cases felt that all the time of the child must be given to the school4 ,but an important thing that the child needs along with school work is established habits of home-making4 ,what people do depends as much upon habit as upon knowledge4 ,the criticism that is most often made upon industrial work at school is that it is so different from the work done in the home that it does not put the child into that sympathetic relation with the home1 which after all is for him and the home the most important thing in the world4 ,juvenile institutions find that they must be careful not to institutionalize the child to such an extent that he may not be contented in a real home4 ,in my opinion it will be a great thing for the child to want to help his parents do the task that needs to be done and to want to do it in the best possible way4 ,the reason why so many country boys are now leading men of affairs is because early in life they had home responsibilities thrust upon them4 ,i am sure that the motto ,everybody ,helps is a good one4 ,but one says3 ,how can it be brought about8 ,how can the school give credit for industrial work done at home8 ,it may be done by sending home printed slips asking the parents to take account of the work that the child does at home under their instruction1 and explaining that credit will be given for this work on the school record4 ,these slips must be used according to the age of the child1 so that he will not be asked to do too much1 for it must be clearly recognized that children must have time for real play4 ,the required tasks must not be too arduous1 yet they must be real tasks4 ,they must not be tasks that will put extra work on parents except in the matter of instruction and observation4 ,they may well call for the care of animals1 and should include garden work for both boys and girls4 ,credit in school for home industrial work 7with the parents' consent7 should count as much as any one study in school4 ,to add interest to the work1 exhibitions should be given at stated times so that all may learn from each other and the best be the model for all4 ,the school fairs in ,yamhill1 ,polk1 ,benton1 ,lane1 ,wasco1 and ,crook ,counties1 together with the school and home industrial work done at ,eugene1 have convinced me most thoroughly that these plans are practicable1 and that school work and home work1 school play and home play1 and love for parents and respect for teachers and fellow pupils can best be fostered by a more complete coperation between school and home1 so that the whole child is taken into account at all times4 ,after the home-credit schools of ,mr4 ,o',reilly and ,mr4 ,conklin were well under way1 ,i received many inquiries about the home credit idea4 ,as ,i was then ,state ,superintendent1 ,i had a pamphlet printed by the ,state ,office1 describing the workings of the plan1 and had it distributed to ,oregon teachers4 ,fifteen thousand copies were also printed for ,mr4 ,claxton1 ,commissioner of ,education1 in the summer of #aiab1 and distributed by the ,national ,bureau to superintendents and teachers throughout the ,united ,states4 ,since this pamphlet has been out of print there have been many inquiries sent me about home credit1 and ,i hope that this book may answer some of them4 ,,ii ,,mary ,the brain and the hand1 too long divorced1 and each mean and weak without the other2 use and beauty1 each alone vulgar2 letters and labor1 each soulless without the other1 are henceforth to be one and inseparable2 and this union will lift man to a higher level4--,g4 ,,stanley ,,hall4 ,the idea of giving school credit for home work first occurred to me when ,i was a high-school principal in ,mc,minnville1 ,oregon1 in #aija4 ,often1 in the few years that ,i had been teaching1 ,i had felt keenly a lack of understanding between school and home4 ,as ,i was thinking over this problem1 and wondering what could be done1 ,i chanced to meet on the street the mother of one of my rosiest-cheeked1 strongest-looking high-school girls4 ,i saw that the little mother looked forlorn and tired4 ,there was a nervous twitch of the hand that adjusted the robes about the crippled child she was wheeling in a baby buggy4 ,i had frequently noticed that ,mary1 the daughter1 who was one of the very poorest students in her class1 was on the streets the greater part of the time after school hours4 ,i thought1 ,what value can there be in my teaching that girl quadratic equations and the nebular hypothesis1 when what she most needs to learn is the art of helping her mother8 ,in the algebra recitation next day ,i asked1 ,how many helped with the work before coming to school8 ,hands were raised1 but not ,mary's4 ,how many got breakfast8 ,hands again1 not ,mary's4 ,i made some bread a few days ago1 bread that kept1 and kept1 and kept on keeping4 ,how many of you know how to make bread8 ,some hands1 not ,mary's4 ,i then announced that the lesson for the following day would consist as usual of ten problems in advance1 but that five would be in the book1 and five out of the book4 ,the five out of the book for the girls would consist of helping with supper1 helping with the kitchen work after supper1 preparing breakfast1 helping with the dishes and kitchen work after breakfast1 and putting a bedroom in order4 ,surprise and merriment gave place to enthusiasm when the boys and girls saw that ,i was in downright earnest4 ,when ,i asked for a report on the algebra lesson next day all hands went up for all the problems both in algebra and in home-helping4 ,as ,i looked my approval1 all hands fell again1 that is1 all hands but ,mary's4 ,what is it1 ,mary8 ,i asked4 ,i worked five in advance1 she replied with sparkling eyes3 ,i worked all you gave us1 and five ahead in the book6 ,since that day ,i have been a firm believer in giving children credit at school for work done at home4 ,we did not work home problems every day that year1 but at various times the children were assigned lessons like the one mentioned1 and scarcely a day passed that we did not talk over home tasks1 and listen to the boys and girls as they told what each had achieved4 ,the idea that washing dishes and caring for chickens was of equal importance with algebra and general history1 and that credit and honor would frequently be given for home work1 proved a stimulus to all the children1 and especially to ,mary4 ,her interest in all her school duties was doubled1 and it is needless to say that her mother's interest in the school was many times increased as her heavy household cares were in part assumed by her healthy daughter4 ,a few weeks after the first home credit lesson ,mary brought her luncheon to school4 ,at the noon hour she came to my desk1 opened her basket1 and displaying a nicely made sandwich said1 ,i made this bread4 ,the bread looked good1 and must have been all right1 for she ate the sandwich1 and it did not seem to hurt her4 ,she came again wearing a pretty new shirt-waist1 and told me she had made it herself1 and that it had cost just eighty-five cents4 ,after ,mary graduated from high school she went out into the country to teach1 and boarded with her uncle's family4 ,her uncle's wife was ill for a while1 and ,mary showed that she knew how to cook a fine meal1 and how to set a table so that the food looked good to eat4 ,she made herself generally useful4 ,her uncle came to my office one day and told me that ,mary was the finest girl he ever saw1 and that every girl like that should go to college1 and that he was going to see that she went to college if he had to sell the farm to send her4 ,she went to college1 but it didn't take the farm to send her4 ,,iii ,,the ,,spring ,,valley ,,school ,an excellent result of the absence of centralization in the ,united ,states4444 ,the widest possible scope being allowed to individual and local preferences1 444 one part of our vast country can profit by the experience of the other parts4 ,,john ,,fiske4 ,kindly convey my blessing to that genius of a teacher in ,spring ,valley1 the same to stand good till judgment day4 ,,wm4 ,,hawley ,,smith4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,i4 ,o',reilly1 in the school at ,spring ,valley1 ,oregon1 was the first to give systematic1 certified credit for home work4 ,he originated the idea of having a prize contest for credits1 and put care for health and cleanliness on the list of home duties4 ,dr4 ,winship classifies new educational suggestions as dreams1 nightmares1 and visions4 ,the remarkable success of ,mr4 ,o',reilly in his home credit school should place his ideas in the vision list4 ,spring ,valley is a rich farming district in ,polk ,county1 ,oregon1 about nine miles from ,salem4 ,mr4 ,o',reilly took the school in the fall of #aiji4 ,he rented a farmhouse about half a mile away1 brought his wife and little boys out from ,dakota1 where he had served as county superintendent1 and went to work building up his school4 ,he gained great influence with the boys and girls1 and was much respected and thoroughly liked by everybody4 ,he noticed that on each big1 well-developed farm in the neighborhood there was a great deal of work for the boys and girls to do1 but that they did not as a rule do it with cheerfulness and interest4 ,he wanted1 if possible1 to change their attitude of mind4 ,so1 with the hearty approval of his board of directors1 he arranged to give school credit for home work4 ,this was in the fall of #aiaa4 ,various tasks that the children ought to do he put into a list1 and allowed a certain number of minutes credit for each one4#a ,the three children having earned the greatest number of credits at the close of the nine school months were to receive three dollars each1 and the three next highest1 two dollars4 ,the money was to be allowed by the school board1 and put into the savings bank to the credit of the prize-winners4 #a ,the details of ,mr4 ,o',reilly's plan are given in ,part ,two1 pages #gc-gg4 ,every one of the thirty-three pupils in the school was enrolled in this new kind of contest4 ,the registering of the credits each morning meant extra work for the teacher1 but it brought extra results4 ,the prospect of a bank account for the winners incited the children to learn for the first time something about banks and banking4 ,there was a we-are-doing-something atmosphere throughout the school4 ,illustration3 ,,spring ,,valley ,,school1 ,,oregon1 ,,where ,,home ,,credits ,,were ,,given1 #aiaa-aiab ,in answer to the query of some visitors if this giving of credit for home work did not interfere with school work1 ,mr4 ,o',reilly pointed to the record in the county spelling contest1 in which his school had earned #ajj per cent that month4 ,the county superintendent1 ,mr4 ,seymour1 had announced that a banner would be given to his rural schools showing that they were standard schools as soon as they should meet certain requirements4 ,these requirements were well-drained school grounds2 school building properly lighted1 heated1 and ventilated2 schoolhouse and grounds neat and attractive2 sanitary outbuildings2 walk made to building and outbuildings2 individual drinking-cups2 the purchase each year of one standard picture2 thorough work on the part of teacher and pupils2 the enrollment of every pupil in the spelling contest2 and an average of #ie per cent in attendance4 ,spring ,valley was the first school in the county to receive the banner and become a standard school4 ,the county superintendents of ,oregon were assembled at ,salem in ,january1 #aiab1 for the purpose of grading teachers' examination papers4 ,they were much interested in what they heard of ,mr4 ,o',reilly's work at ,spring ,valley and accepted with great pleasure the invitation of ,mr4 ,seymour to visit the school4 ,as that day in ,mr4 ,o',reilly's school is significant1 ,i wish to quote an article about it written by ,t4 ,j4 ,gary1 superintendent of ,clackamas ,county4 ,mr4 ,gary's article was printed in one of the ,oregon ,city papers in ,january1 #aiab4 ,last ,saturday seventeen county school superintendents and the superintendent of public instruction drove through the wind and rain to ,spring ,valley1 ,polk ,county1 to attend a parent-teachers' meeting4 ,why8 ,because we had heard much of a new plan that was being tried out by the teacher1 pupils1 and parents of the school in that beautiful valley4 ,did we go because it was a new plan8 ,no4 ,if we should try to investigate every new plan we would be going all the time4 ,we went because we thought we saw a suggestion1 at least1 of a solution of two very important problems3 ,how to bring the school and the home into closer relation1 and ,how to make the boys and the girls in the country love their home4 ,we arrived at the ,spring ,valley ,school at #aj4cj ,a4,m4 and observed first a board walk from the road to the schoolhouse door and a well-drained school-yard free from all rubbish1 such as sticks1 pieces of paper1 and so forth4 ,upon entering the room we observed that the directors had made provision for the proper heating1 lighting1 and ventilation of the schoolroom4 ,on the walls were three nicely framed pictures1 the ,sistine ,madonna1 ,the ,christ1 and ,the ,lions1 all beautiful reproductions of celebrated works of art4 ,the building was a modest one1 much like many school buildings we find through the country1 but there was about it that which said plainer than words can say it1 ,this is a well-ordered school4 ,looking to the right1 we saw on a partition wall1 on the floor1 and on the side wall1 a variety of articles3 aprons1 dresses1 doilies1 handbags1 handkerchiefs1 kites1 traps1 bird houses1 and various other things made by the boys and girls of the school4 ,at the left in the other corner of the room were loaves of bread1 pies1 cakes1 tarts1 doughnuts1 and other tempting things prepared by the girls and boys4 ,the writer sampled various edibles1 among them a cake baked by ,master ,z----1 son of our ex-superintendent1 ,j4 ,c4 ,z----4 ,i can cheerfully say that it was the kind of cake that makes a man want more4 ,these things were all of interest to us1 but the one thing we were most curious to know about was the system the teacher had of giving credits for home work2 not school work done at home1 but all kinds of honest work a country girl or boy can find to do4 ,pupils were given five minutes credit for milking a cow1 five minutes for sleeping in fresh air1 five minutes for taking a bath1 and so on through the long list of common duties incident to home life in the country4 ,the rule of the school is that any pupil who has earned six hundred minutes may have a holiday1 at the discretion of the teacher4 ,if the pupil asks for a holiday to use for some worthy cause the teacher grants it1 providing it does not interfere too much with the pupil's school work4 ,space will not permit my giving a more detailed account of the plan4 ,i trust that enough has been given to show the principle involved4 ,the teacher was subjected to volley after volley of questions from the superintendents1 but was able to answer all of them with alacrity4 ,the chairman called upon the parents to give their testimony as to the success of the movement4 ,i cannot write here all that was said1 but will give two statements as fair samples of all4 ,one good motherly-looking country woman said3 ,before this plan was started ,i got up in the morning and prepared breakfast for the family1 and after breakfast saw to the preparation of the children for school4 ,now1 when morning comes the girls insist upon my lying in bed so that they may get breakfast4 ,after breakfast they wash the dishes1 sweep the kitchen1 and do many other things as well as make their own preparation for school4 ,i think the plan is a success4 ,my only fear is that it will make me lazy4 ,one father said3 ,i have two boys--one in the high school and ,jack1 here4 ,it was as hard work to get the older boy out in the morning as it was to do the chores1 and as ,jack was too young to be compelled to do the work1 ,i let them both sleep while ,i did it4 ,now1 when the alarm sounds1 ,i hear ,jack tumbling out of bed1 and when ,i get up ,i find the fires burning and the stock at the barn cared for2 so all ,i have to do is to look happy1 eat my breakfast1 and go about my business4 ,yes1 it is a great success in our home4 ,at this point ,superintendent ,alderman said3 ,jack1 stand1 we want to see you1 and ,jack1 a bright1 manly-appearing country boy of fourteen years stood blushing1 while we looked our appreciation4 ,one man told of the many things that his daughter had done1 whereupon it was suggested that she might do so much that her health would be in danger4 ,a pleasant smile flitted across the face of the father as he said1 ,daughter1 stand and let these men see if they think you are injuring your health4 ,a bright1 buxom1 rosy-cheeked girl--the very picture of health and happiness--arose while we laughed and cheered4 ,to the question1 ,does this work interfere with the work of the school8 the teacher pointed to the record of the school in a spelling contest that is being conducted in this county1 and read #ajj per cent for this month2 #ih4ab per cent for last1 and said1 ,no1 ,i find that the children have taken more interest in their work and are making more progress than before4 ,when alone1 after time for reflection1 ,i thought1 ,one swallow does not make a summer and one school does not prove that this is a good plan4 ,in ,spring ,valley the conditions are ideal1--a board of directors who do their duty1 a citizenship that is far above the average1 girls and boys from well-ordered homes of a prosperous people1 a teacher who would succeed anywhere with half a chance1 a wide-awake1 sympathetic county school superintendent1--and yet ,i thought if this is good for the ,spring ,valley ,school1 might it not be a good thing for all our schools8 ,i have not reached a conclusion1 but have had much food for thought1 and am more than pleased with my experience and observation4 ,what do you think about it1 gentle reader8 ,is it a passing fancy8 ,a fad1 if you please8 ,or is it a means for training boys and girls to habits of industry and to a wholesome respect for honest toil8 ,will it bring the home and the school into closer relation8 ,and will it cause the country boys and girls to love their homes1 to love the country with its singing birds1 its babbling brooks1 its broad fields and friendly hills8 ,there was not a school in the ,state that responded better to any movement initiated by the ,state or county than the one in ,spring ,valley4 ,every pupil was greatly interested in the boys' and girls' industrial and agricultural contest which ,oregon carried on that year for the first time4 ,the children raised cabbage plants at school1 protected from the cold by a tent that ,mr4 ,o',reilly provided4 ,they planned to sell them to the neighbors in order to get money for seeds1 but were sadly disappointed1 when they came to school one morning1 to find that a cow had broken in during the night and destroyed almost every plant4 ,the owner of the cow paid them the value of the plants1 but they were never quite so happy over the fund as they would have been if the plants had been allowed to grow4 ,six weeks before the end of the school year ,mr4 ,o',reilly began making ,saturday trips to ,salem to arrange for the fair with which he intended to close the school4 ,the merchants subscribed liberally for prizes both for the children's work and for the athletic events which ,mr4 ,o',reilly had planned for the afternoon4 ,a local piano house sent out a piano for the occasion1 and an amusement company put up a merry-go-round1 and stands for lemonade1 ice-cream1 and all the rest that goes with a first-class picnic4 ,the picnic was held in the grove a short distance from the schoolhouse4 ,mr4 ,o',reilly and the neighbors had made a platform for which the children's work formed the background1--dresses1 bird houses1 fancy work1 cakes1 bread1 and other articles1--and had made seats of rough lumber for the crowd4 ,and a crowd it was1 for the whole county was interested in the ,spring ,valley ,school4 ,this was one of the first local fairs in connection with the county school fairs which were held throughout the ,state1 and the awards were also to be made to the children who had earned the most credits in the home credit contest4 ,illustration3 ,,picnic ,,luncheon ,,cooked ,,and ,,served ,,by ,,spring ,,valley ,,children ,we drove out from ,salem in automobiles4 ,on reaching the grove we found it filled with teams tied everywhere1 and many automobiles standing about4 ,promptly at ten o'clock the school children marched down from the schoolhouse in an industrial parade1 carrying things that they had made or raised in the garden4 ,a pretty sight they were1 as they took their places on the reserved benches in front1 all in their best clothes1 most of the girls in white dresses of their own making4 ,the ,governor of ,oregon was there1 and made the first address4 ,at the close of his talk1 the ,spring ,valley children sang in voices as clear as the birds1 ,there is no ,land ,like ,oregon1 and were most heartily cheered4 ,after the remainder of the addresses and songs came the most breathless part of the day1 the awarding of the school-credit prizes for the year's work4 ,a member of the school board read the list of winners1 and took occasion to express the appreciation that the district felt for ,mr4 ,o',reilly's work4 ,he assured the audience that the people of the district considered the plan one of the very finest that they had ever known1 for it put the children in the right attitude toward their work1 and gave the parents the feeling that they were assisting in the work of the school4 ,never in the history of the community had there been such a year4 ,the judging of the industrial work was then carried on1 while the ,spring ,valley home-credit girls set the long tables for the luncheon1 which they had prepared without assistance from their mothers4 ,we all envied the three women up on the platform tasting the cakes1 and were glad when the ribbons were pinned on1 for we knew then that the dinner would begin4 ,the blue ribbon for cake-making by children under thirteen was awarded to a boy1 ,arthur ,z----4 ,the governor and ,i placed this lad between us at the head of the table1 and he gave us very generous portions of the prize cake4 ,this was ,mr4 ,o',reilly's last day with the ,spring ,valley ,school4 ,the next year he was chosen one of the rural school supervisors in ,lane ,county1 and he is still there making an excellent record4 ,a recent letter from him briefly takes up the later history of his ,spring ,valley winners in the home credit contest4 ,he says3-- ,evangeline ,j---- was one of the winners4 ,she is doing finely in high school1 and still winning prizes at fairs4 ,she leads her class in domestic science in the ,eugene ,high ,school4 ,she has eighty dollars in the bank1 sixty-one dollars and fifty cents earned from prizes4 ,you know the home credit started her bank account with three dollars4 ,golda ,b---- is another4 ,she is attending the high school at ,sheridan4 ,her standings are fine4 ,she very seldom has to take examinations4 ,she has about seventy-five dollars in the bank4 ,jack ,s---- has finished the eighth grade1 and is going to attend high school in ,eugene this year4 ,his bank account is thirty-seven dollars and fifty cents4 ,mabel ,s---- has finished the grades and will go to high school in ,hopewell this year4 ,her bank account is thirty-eight dollars4 ,she has a piano her father got her1 and is doing well in music4 ,verda ,r---- attends high school in ,eugene this year4 ,the other winners are still little ones1 and are attending school in ,spring ,valley4 ,,iv ,,what ,,will ,,become ,,of ,,the ,,algebra8 ,present interest is the grand motive power4--,,rousseau4 ,an objection to the introduction of new subjects is that children are already overworked in school4 ,there is1 however1 a precaution against overwork2 it is making school work interesting to the children4 ,to introduce new and higher subjects into the school program is not necessarily to increase the strain upon the child4 ,if this measure increases the interest and attractiveness of the work and the sense of achievement1 it will diminish weariness and the risk of hurtful strain4 ,,charles ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,when ,i was county superintendent in ,yamhill ,county ,i used to talk much of the home credit plan in local institutes4 ,one day when ,i was explaining how the plan worked1 and how ,i had given credit in algebra for home activities1 a teacher arose in the audience and said he was willing to go almost any length with me1 but he thought it was going too far to give credit in algebra for what was not algebra4 ,is it not dishonest8 he asked1 and will it not teach dishonesty8 ,besides1 if you give credit in this way for things not algebra1 what will become of the algebra8 ,this is an unsettled problem3 what will become of the algebra8 ,true1 ,mary got more algebra6 ,i put this unsettled question alongside of another4 ,i was arguing for the consolidation of schools in a little district near a larger district1 and had tried to show that consolidation would be much cheaper1 and would bring greater advantages1 when a man stood up and said that he agreed in general with the plan but that it would not work in this district1 for1 said he1 this district has a cemetery deeded to it1 and if the district should lose its identity1 what would become of the cemetery8 ,as these questions are similar1 ,i put the algebra into the cemetery4 ,i believe in algebra1 but in order to teach algebra ,i believe it is first necessary to see to it that the child is in a constructive frame of mind4 ,he should be in harmony with his surroundings4 ,when ,mary became interested in her home1 she was in a mood to work problems in advance4 ,when her home was neglected1 her algebra problems were all in arrears4 ,even though we omitted the consideration of the health1 the morals1 and the working ability of the pupils1 the home credit system would be justified as a part of the school work because of its revitalizing effect on the regular school work4 ,the teacher who succeeds in touching the hidden springs of youthful interest is doing more for humanity than the man who discovers the much-sought-for method of bringing static electricity out of space4 ,a child1 or a man either for that matter1 is a dynamo of energy when interested4 ,many people think that children in school are overworked2 in my opinion they are more often underinterested4 ,one little lad of about five1 taking a ,sunday walk with grown people1 told his father that he was very tired1 that his legs fairly ached1 and that he would have to be carried or else camp right there4 ,a member of the party 7,i wish ,i could remember his name1 for he was a good child psychologist7 said to the boy1 ,why1 sure1 you don't have to walk4 ,i'll get you a horse4 ,he cut a stick horse and a switch4 ,the boy mounted at a bound1 whipped his steed up and down the road1 beating up the dust in circles around the crowd4 ,by the time he reached home he had ridden the stick horse twice as far as the others had walked1 and had not remembered that he was tired4 ,my first trial of home credits convinced me that children would do better school work because of the plan4 ,i have letters from many teachers through the ,northwest bearing me out in my opinion4 ,i quote3 ,it stimulates to better work in school4 ,the teachers notice an improvement in school work along all lines4 ,it has helped to make our school1 in some respects at least1 as good as any in the county1 according to the county superintendent's own word4 ,a member of the board says the children have never made such progress since the school was built1 and all say these children have never made so much progress before4 ,tardiness is reported to be much less in home credit schools4 ,a prominent ,western dairyman remarked that arithmetic had always been a hopeless subject for him4 ,he declared that arithmetically he was born short4 ,a listener inquired if he had any trouble in keeping accounts1 in figuring out the profits on each dairy cow1 or in doing other problems connected with his farm4 ,he replied very quickly1 ,no1 not at all4 ,i don't have any trouble with anything except arithmetic4 ,home credits take into account the out-of-school mathematical activities4 ,so the boy who has measured a cord of wood1 laid out a garden plot1 figured out the costs1 income1 and profits of feeding a pig for a year1 or solved any problem that comes up on the farm1 will be considered to have done something in arithmetic4 ,from ,auburn1 ,washington1 comes a story of the effect of giving school credits for garage and shop work4 ,joe1 a boy of seventeen1 who had attended high school for a year and a half1 had earned only three academic credits1 and his other work was below passing4 ,the superintendent1 ,mr4 ,todd1 called a conference with ,joe's parents and1 to use his own expression1 went after ,joe with hammer and tongs4 ,after much discussion1 the superintendent finally asked the father and mother what the boy seemed most interested in outside of school4 ,exchanging a troubled glance with his wife1 the father said that as soon as ,joe got out of school he rushed straight to ,meade's garage4 ,so the superintendent went to the garage1 and found that ,joe could be taken into ,mr4 ,meade's employment for the afternoons4 ,again he called ,joe to his office1 and said to him1 ,now1 see here4 ,you are going on with your regular subjects here in school1 and in addition you are going to do some work down in ,meade's garage4 ,mr4 ,meade is going to grade your work and send in his report to me4 ,if you make good there it will help out your record here4 ,you will get pay for your work1 too4 ,you have got it in you to make good1 and ,i know you will4 ,what do you think about it8 ,i think it's bully6 exclaimed ,joe4 ,illustration3 ,,joe ,,in ,,the ,,garage1 ,,auburn1 ,,washington ,joe had failed in his geometry1 but as soon as he took the position at the garage his work in geometry improved4 ,it was about ,christmas that he began working1 and at the time of the report several months later he was doing well in his mathematics4 ,the credit he received from the garage counted toward his marks for high-school graduation4 ,mr4 ,meade1 incidentally1 was very much pleased with his part in the transaction1 and sent in his reports with religious regularity4 ,not only ,joe1 but some half dozen other boys in ,mr4 ,todd's school at ,auburn are now farmed out in this manner1 and work downtown under regular contract4 ,they are mostly boys who had lost interest in school1 and were at the dropping-out stage4 ,mr4 ,todd's plan is similar to the one in use at ,fitchburg1 ,massachusetts4 ,herbert ,m----1 of ,minnehaha1 ,washington1 is such a busy boy at home that he does not have time to look at a book after he leaves school4 ,this year1 #aiad1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,dudley1 the principal of the ,minnehaha school1 began to give credit for home work and allowed the credits obtained to be applied where most needed4 ,the first month of school this year ,herbert's arithmetic grade was below #fe per cent2 his last month's grade in the same subject1 without adding any credits1 was above #ie per cent4 ,at first ,herbert needed his extra credits applied to his mathematics to obtain a passing grade4 ,but for some cause his work in arithmetic has improved wonderfully4 ,if you care to get up at five o'clock and go through the day with ,herbert it may open your eyes as to what an industrious boy of fifteen does at home4 ,he is always up early1 for before the day's work begins he milks two cows1 feeds three skim-milk calves and eight head of cattle1 pumps water for them1 and feeds nine pigs4 ,he is then ready for a hearty breakfast4 ,one morning in ,march1 ,herbert and his father agreed that harrowing was more important than going to school4 ,so he worked five hours1 harrowing four and a half acres4 ,herbert did not lose credit at school1 for his teacher approved of his morning's work1 as he knew how important it was4 ,he was at school before the one o'clock bell rang1 had a game of ball with the boys1 and was ready for his lessons of the afternoon4 ,at four o'clock he hurried home1 and this is what he did before he went to bed4 ,first1 he herded six cows for over an hour1 milked two cows1 fed his skim-milk calves1 got in the wood1 fed the chickens1 gathered the eggs1 cleaned two barns1 fed the eight head of cattle1 pumped water for them1 fed the pigs1 and turned the separator ten minutes4 ,while ,herbert has had some trouble with his arithmetic he does fine work in composition4 ,at the children's fair at ,spokane in ,october1 #aiac1 he won fifteen dollars in cash for the best essay on caring for a skim-milk calf1 and a pair of scales as second prize for an essay on how to handle a farm separator4 ,here are ,herbert's prizes for three years3 ,in #aiaa at the county fair at ,vancouver1 ,washington1 he got the second award1 a diploma1 on his farm exhibit2 in #aiab as first prize on farm exhibit he won a trip to the fair at ,puyallup2 in #aiac at the ,clarke ,county fair he received ten dollars' worth of garden seeds as second prize on farm exhibit1 fifteen dollars in cash for judging dairy cattle1 while together with his parents he won seventy-five dollars for the best adult farm exhibit2 and at the children's state contest1 #aiac1 he received the first prize1 fifteen dollars1 for the skim-milk calf essay4 ,a boy in one of the ,portland1 ,oregon1 schools had trouble with his spelling1 getting a mark of only #d-a_/b on a scale of #aj4 ,soon after home credits were put into use by his teacher he came to her and anxiously inquired if he could help out his spelling grade with a good home record4 ,the teacher graciously assured him that he could4 ,the boy brought in each week one of the very best home record slips1 and in some mysterious manner his spelling improved as his hours of work increased4 ,he does not need his home record to help out his spelling grade now1 for last month he received more than a passing mark1 #g-a_/b in his weak subject4 ,the knowledge that there was help at hand relieved his nervousness1 and gave him confidence4 ,v ,,honoring ,,labor ,she 444 worketh willingly with her hands 444 and eateth not the bread of idleness4 ,give her of the fruit of her hands2 and let her own works praise her in the gates4 ,,proverbs ,,xxxi1 #ac1 #bg1 #ca4 ,we are still paying a heavy price for slave labor2 for instance1 the idea that it is undignified to cook has come down through the ages of slaveholding1 and has got into some people's blood4 ,the school by taking into account home tasks can make them seem worth while and thus dignify their doing4 ,many persons do not work because their ideals are made at school1 and their heroes are those who did not win honor at labor1 or1 at least1 the labor of these heroes is not emphasized4 ,in the case of ,mary1 the work she did at home transformed her from a heedless girl into a sympathetic helper4 ,she had the idea that too many young people have1 that it is more honorable to study algebra than to wash dishes or to cook a meal4 ,the minute that she saw that they were considered equal she no longer held back from the home work1 and when in a constructive frame of mind she not only did the home work but did her algebra too4 ,there is not a normal ,american boy who shrinks from a piece of work because he thinks it is hard4 ,on the contrary1 he likes the man's job1 and seeks out the hard things and tackles them4 ,he avoids the things he thinks are not worth while4 ,so it becomes a matter of the child's point of view whether he likes his work or not4 ,too often it is the case that the child never hears it suggested that there is any merit in home work within itself4 ,he has the idea that he goes to school to get an education1 and works at home because he has to4 ,many parents frankly tell their children that they should study well at school so they can make a living without working4 ,when we give home work its proper recognition1 and the child comes to understand that there are different degrees of efficiency and skill in doing it1 the work will take on a new color4 ,many are the reports that have come in from parents in home credit districts saying1 ,there is nothing left for us to do in the way of chores4 ,the children used to seem indifferent about the work1 and did as little as they could4 ,now the boys get up before we do instead of waiting to be called1 rush downstairs to make the fires1 and go at the chores1 while the girls go into the kitchen and start breakfast4 ,while youth is the time for play1 yet children like to work too4 ,since we have had the school gardens in ,portland we often find the playgrounds vacant1 and the gardens near by well filled with children at work4 ,we often hear that children should not have responsibilities2 yet we find that the successful men of to-day are the ones that bore burdens early4 ,a number of successful business men in ,portland were recently talking together of their boyhood days1 and each one said that he had had to assume a great deal of responsibility before he was twelve years old4 ,the importance of percentages1 credits1 grades1 or standings in the minds of school children1 especially in the upper grammar classrooms1 is surprising to a stranger4 ,even the drawing teacher is begged to give marks4 ,but there are the drawings1 arranged in the order of their merit1 on the screen4 ,they can see which are the best6 ,no1 they want a mark4 ,to raise our standings1 they say4 ,illustration3 ,,work ,,credited ,,at ,,school1 ,,weston1 ,,oregon ,of course1 we all feel that marks in school have but a temporary purpose2 that they are to furnish a motive to serve until a better motive can be substituted4 ,home work may be encouraged at first by the wish for higher standings1 or a prize1 or a holiday2 but many other influences are likely to come in to keep it up4 ,this is not the place to discuss the teaching without marks that is practiced in a few modern schools4 ,in most schools the system of giving percentages is firmly established4 ,the honoring of achievement in the schools1 by marks or otherwise1 has always been a great power in helping the school studies move along4 ,but only part of the available energy has been used4 ,there are vast reservoirs of power which may be put at the service of education and which as yet have scarcely been tapped4 ,i hope the giving of marks will never be the main consideration with those who follow the home credit idea1 but rather the giving of honor4 ,too long have pupils' out-of-school industries been ignored at school as though they were something to be ashamed of4 ,whether we give formal credit or not1 let us give honor at school for home work4 ,,vi ,,habit-,,building ,habit second nature8 ,habit is ten times nature4 ,,the ,,duke ,,of ,,wellington4 ,habits plus ideals make character4 ,the establishing of right habits in youth can best be done by coperation of parents and teachers4 ,so far as we take habit-building as our aim1 education becomes definite and concrete4 ,at the close of his famous chapter on ,habit1 ,william ,james says3-- ,could the young but realize how soon they will become mere walking bundles of habit1 they would give more heed to their conduct while in the plastic state4 ,we are spinning our own fates1 good or evil1 and never to be undone4 ,every smallest stroke of virtue or of vice leaves its never so little scar4444 ,let no youth have any anxiety about the upshot of his education1 whatever the line of it may be4 ,if he keep faithfully busy each hour of the working day1 he may safely leave the final result to itself4 ,he can with perfect certainty count on waking up some fine morning to find himself one of the competent ones of his generation1 in whatever pursuit he may have singled out4444 ,young people should know this truth in advance4 ,the ignorance of it has probably engendered more discouragement and faint-heartedness in youths embarking on arduous careers than all other causes put together4 ,one habit that works for success is industry4 ,how easy it is for a bright boy or girl to get through school without acquiring anything like a habit of being industrious1 even in learning book lessons6 ,if he is quick-minded1 as he has only to keep up with the average child1 he needs little or no work to give him a good standing in his class4 ,the alert child often gains all required information by merely listening to the other pupils4 ,thus we often find failures among those bright pupils whom we expected to find successful1 because they did not learn to dig and could do only what came easily4 ,most occupations demand more than an acquiring attitude of mind4 ,they demand vigorous exertion1 and the seeing to it that the thing is done4 ,but how is there to be any assurance that the child is forming habits of industry if there is not coperation8 ,the child tells the parent that he has to prepare his lessons and so he gets out of work at home2 he makes the plea that he is tired out by home tasks so that he may not be given hard work at school4 ,so he misses the work habit entirely4 ,politeness--a show of consideration for the rights and feelings of others--is partly a habit4 ,careful watching by parent and teacher is needed to establish this consideration as a permanent attitude of mind4 ,it is with much pleasure that ,i note that many of the home credit cards bear the items1 ,cheerfulness1 ,kindness1 ,politeness1 ,keeping temper1 ,doing before told1 ,care of language1 ,courtesy to parents1 and the like4 ,and it is with very great pleasure that ,i receive letters from parents and teachers saying that the attitude of the children in these things is becoming a habit4 ,illustration3 ,,algona1 ,,washington1 ,,girl1 ,,aged #ab1 ,,earning ,,home ,,credits ,elizabeth ,g---- and her mother have a small blackboard in the kitchen and here they keep a record of all the work ,elizabeth does ,neatness and personal care are habits that mean much to any one4 ,some grown people cannot help being neat4 ,others apparently cannot be neat no matter how much they try4 ,something is always wrong4 ,it is a habit formed when young1 perhaps before the age of twenty4 ,in ,mr4 ,o',reilly's list he included sleeping with window boards in1 bathing1 caring for the nails1 brushing the hair1 cleaning the teeth1 and going to bed by nine o'clock4 ,personal care has been given a place on the ,portland home credit record#b which is now used in some of the schools4 ,algona1 a home credit school about twenty miles from ,seattle1 uses the ,portland personal care section1 including bathing1 brushing teeth1 sleeping with open windows1 going to bed before nine o'clock1 and attending church or ,sunday school4 ,in looking over the first home credit slips that came in1 the ,algona principal found that ,nettie1 a girl of thirteen1 had earned just #g per cent out of the #ajj per cent given for a perfect record in the personal division4 ,she had earned more than the required two hundred and ten minutes for the week in the regular work department at a hard round of preparing meals1 washing dishes1 sweeping1 feeding the poultry1 scrubbing1 and so forth4 ,but ,nettie had slept with her window closed1 had not brushed her teeth1 had not taken a bath1 nor had she been in bed at the required hour4 ,nettie was obviously unhappy over the grade her card received in comparison with the grades of her schoolmates4 ,before the next report day she had in some way secured a toothbrush1 that effective means of promoting civilization1 and had made sufficient improvement in her personal care to secure #fe per cent4 ,her grade for the third week was #gb per cent1 and for the fourth1 #ic per cent4 ,her fourth week's report showed a hot bath1 toothbrushing twice a day1 window open every night1 and that she was in bed before nine every night but two4 ,what her reform will mean to the entire family it is interesting to conjecture4 #b ,for the ,portland ,home ,credit ,record card1 see p4 #abj ff4 ,be careful about that voice1 ,ella1 directed a teacher4 ,ella arose at her place1 a thin1 stooping girl of about thirteen4 ,she read her passage of the lesson in a voice scarcely audible to the visitor across the room4 ,a few minutes later the visitor was looking over some home credit report slips4 ,here is a girl who did not sleep with her windows open1 she said4 ,the teacher took the blank1 studied it a minute1 then replied1 ,this is the first time that child has brought in a home credit slip4 ,do you recall my reminding a little girl about her voice8 ,that is the girl1 and this card may explain her voice quality4 ,all the pupils except two in a little ,washington town learned to sleep with their windows open4 ,upon inquiry it was found that one girl could not open her window1 as it was made for admitting light only1 being built solidly into the wall4 ,in the case of the other child1 the parents absolutely refused to endanger their daughter's health by letting her breathe night air1 no matter how many faddists insisted that it was necessary6 ,some members of a church were discussing the problem of the spirit of incipient immorality that they felt was prevalent among children in the neighborhood4 ,a home credit teacher showed the speakers a number of the first report cards she had received1 which disclosed the fact that very few of the pupils under her care were ever in bed before nine o'clock4 ,a few months later she took occasion to display again her pupils' home credit cards and with pride pointed out that almost every child was going to bed early1 before nine o'clock4 ,it had grown to be a habit with the children to be up late1 she said4 ,the immorality talked of was not yet in actual existence among the children1 but through their outside evening associates was gradually working itself in4 ,the children had only to be reminded in a substantial way that it was not only desirable for them physically to retire early1 but that they were to receive recognition in their school standing for so doing1 and they at once happily complied4 ,,vii ,,that ,,other ,,teacher ,,and ,,that ,,teacher',s ,,laboratory ,we are just beginning to discover that the rural school has a fine laboratory for practical educational purposes1 in the neighborhood environment of the school4 ,with the development of scientific agriculture and domestic arts in many of our modern country homes this laboratory is constantly improving4 ,kansas ,state ,agricultural ,college ,bulletin1 #aiad4 ,there is a general idea among teachers that parents will not coperate with them4 ,this1 ,i believe1 is founded upon the assumption that because they cannot1 as a usual thing1 coperate in textbook work they will not coperate in other things4 ,but both parents and teachers want the same results accomplished4 ,if these are to be attained it means partnership work1 the parent and that other parent1 the teacher1 working together2 or one might say1 the teacher1 and that other teacher1 the parent1 working together4 ,i have been surprised to find to what extent parents will coperate with teachers if given a chance4 ,mrs4 ,brown goes to the schoolhouse on a bleak afternoon4 ,she is greeted warmly by the teacher1 ,miss ,smith1 and given an arithmetic text to follow while the class recites4 ,the lesson is on decimal fractions4 ,now1 ,mrs4 ,brown didn't have decimal fractions during her school days1 so the recitation is quite meaningless to her4 ,she is glad when the class is over1 and does not find time to visit school again that term4 ,but if she is asked to prepare a luncheon for the picnic at the close of the year1 or asked to assist in any social function at the schoolhouse1 she spends her time for the school1 and is glad to do it4 ,in ,eugene1 ,oregon1 several years ago ,i found that the women of the city were enthusiastic in aiding the schools4 ,thirty-two women gave up ,monday afternoon to teaching the girls sewing1 while the boys had military drill4 ,at a social center meeting at ,hover1 ,washington1 the suggestion was made that it would be well if one of the mothers would come to the school building occasionally to help the girls with their sewing1 as the eighth-grade pupils would have to take an examination in the subject in ,may4 ,so many mothers volunteered to undertake the task that a schedule was made out whereby a sewing period could be had every afternoon1 and no mother be on duty oftener than every two weeks4 ,at ,myrtle ,creek1 ,oregon1 domestic art work is carried on in this way3 the teacher gives instructions in the work that is to be done2 in cooking1 for instance1 recipes are given1 talked over1 and written down4 ,the girls then go home1 and actually do the work1 and make a report to the teacher4 ,they must have the signatures of their mothers for all the work they do4 ,this is managed with a home credit report card4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,h4 ,belknap1 a progressive rural teacher near ,jefferson1 ,oregon1 said in a recent letter3 ,we learn how a cow can be fed and cared for1 so as to produce the greatest amount of butter fat4 ,that is well1 but we regard it of far more value for the boy to go home1 apply the knowledge learned1 and produce the butter fat4 ,he is now worth something to the world1 and able to turn his education into dollars and cents at any time4 ,the girl takes the book1 and reads how to make butter4 ,she goes home1 tends the milk1 churns1 and makes the butter1 learns how really to do the work4 ,she has called the attention of the entire family to the amount and quality of her butter obtained from proper feeding and handling of the cow by the boy4 ,and yet it is said that nothing can be done in the small school in domestic science because there is no equipment4 ,in every home there is ideal equipment if we mean the equipment the children are to use4 ,if we are preparing for life1 why not use the equipment we must use in life8 ,best of all1 in using the home laboratory there is an immediate purpose4 ,none of us can get much out of an exercise when it is done just for an exercise4 ,there is the dinner to be cooked1 the bed to be made1 the ironing to be done2 somebody must do it4 ,and the dinner1 the bed1 and the ironing are to be put to the test by some one who sees real values4 ,there is no doubt that one of the things schools most lack is purpose4 ,it might be said that to stimulate a child to want to do things is only half the problem4 ,if children do things without expert instruction they may do them wrong1 and thus get a faulty habit4 ,but ,i think more than half of the problem is solved when we create the desire to do a thing4 ,the greatest fault of present-day education is that we constantly try to teach a child how to do a thing without his desiring to do it1 or even knowing the reason for doing it4 ,on the other hand1 ,i once knew a country girl who had never seen a domestic science equipment1 and who lived in a community where there was no one housekeeper especially noted2 yet with her strong desire to be a fine housekeeper she learned something good from each neighbor1 and for excellent results1 and for economy of time and material1 her daily practice would put the average domestic science teacher to disadvantage4 ,however ,i am not arguing that domestic science should not be taught at school2 ,i certainly believe it should4 ,but ,i do claim that it is worth while1 and is absolutely necessary1 first to create the desire to do the things that are to be taught4 ,to do things without a purpose is like trying to eat without an appetite4 ,a pamphlet published by the ,kansas ,state ,agricultural ,college on ,school ,credit for ,home ,work3 ,the ,laboratory of the ,rural ,school1 makes these practical points3-- ,could there possibly be a more favorable condition for teaching ,domestic ,arts than in the rural school from which the girl goes every evening to a busy home where she is needed to take part in the actual work of housekeeping8 ,it is here that the girl has a chance to put into actual practice the things she has learned at school4 ,here the home has the chance to realize immediately upon the investment it is making in the education of the girl4 ,if sanitation1 ventilation1 sweeping and dusting1 care of the sick1 preparation of foods1 care of milk1 water supply and uses1 bathing1 care of health1 sewing1 proper clothing1 etc41 are taught in our schools1 and if the laboratories are in the immediate neighborhood1 and the girls and boys must go into them to stay overnight1 they should be used4 ,likewise1 the vegetable gardens at the homes should be made the experimental plots for the school1 after the best seeds have been selected1 best methods of preparing1 fertilizing1 and planting the soil1 best-known methods of cultivation and maturing the crops1 have been taught4 ,the actual experimental work should be carried out in the home gardens by the boys and girls4 ,proper records can be kept1 and the boys and girls will be anxious to get back into school1 after the out-of-doors summer experiments1 to compare reports1 and renew another phase of their educational work4 ,in agriculture the fields1 stock1 buildings1 etc41 about the schoolhouse should be studied and used4 ,these are the real agricultural laboratory4 ,the real problems of actual farming are present1 and the methods of work and the ways of handling the fields and the stock are the available resources of the school as a part of its actual laboratory4 ,in this connection study the dairy cows1 the feeding of cattle1 hogs1 and horses1 types and breeds of farm horses1 cattle1 hogs1 and sheep4 ,in every community there are many opportunities for type studies--such as fields of alfalfa or wheat or corn2 a dairy herd2 valuable and well-bred horses2 beef cattle2 hogs or sheep2 a silo1 or types of farm machinery1 and farm buildings4 ,it is natural for a child to want to assume home responsibilities1 but there are many things that interfere unless a special effort is made4 ,the school itself has been a great offender in weaning children from their homes and from natural living4 ,this1 of course1 is not strange when we consider that the school started out to make lawyers and ministers1 and not home-makers4 ,yet one of the great needs of the time is to make people home-loving1 and to have those wholesome habits that come from sharing home responsibilities4 ,anything is worth while that will make the child once taste the joy of doing a useful thing well4 ,,viii ,,stella ,,and ,,sadie ,through ignorance ye did it4--,acts ,,iii1 #ag4 ,let the school go on just as it has4 ,what business is it of the school to meddle with the home work8 ,of course most children do certain chores at home1 but why confuse the work of the home with the work of the school8 ,have you heard this speech8 ,i have heard it several times4 ,does justice demand that we know what pupils do outside of school8 ,must the teacher know home conditions in order to teach efficiently8 ,i have in mind a true story that answers these questions and shows the injustice of teaching children when one knows little or nothing of their home life4 ,i am sure most teachers have had similar experiences4 ,in a certain schoolroom in a certain town ,i noticed one day two girls in the same class sitting near each other4 ,the contrast between them was so great that ,i became interested in them1 and found out something of their history and circumstances4 ,stella1 the younger one1 eleven years old1 was a perfect picture of rosy health4 ,her brown hair was beautiful and most becomingly arranged4 ,many women would have been delighted to wear such furs as she put on at the noon recess4 ,well dressed and well nourished1 she had the look of one much loved at school and at home1 one to whom life was all happiness4 ,stella is the only child of wealthy and doting parents4 ,if we should follow her home we should find a well-kept modern house1 and we should see that the mother who greets her at the door is just such a mother as we should expect for such a girl4 ,while the evening meal is being prepared1 her mother sits beside her at the piano1 and helps with her practice1 and when the father comes in1 the three sing together until dinner is announced4 ,after dinner her mother helps her with her ,least ,common ,multiple and ,greatest ,common ,divisor4 ,they all discuss her composition and then her mother asks her to read aloud1 and reads to her4 ,promptly at nine o'clock she goes to bed in just the kind of room a little girl loves4 ,the windows are opened to the proper width1 the heat is turned off1 she is kissed good-night1 and is told1 ,mother loves you1 and ,father will come in and kiss you when he comes home4 ,in the morning at seven o'clock she is called by a very gentle voice1 and told it is time for ,mother's angel to leave her dreams4 ,her mother helps her dress1 and brushes and braids her hair4 ,what will ,father's sweetheart have for breakfast this morning8 ,she will have grape-fruit and a poached egg on toast4 ,after some fitting by the seamstress for a new dress to be added to her already full wardrobe1 she is thoroughly inspected and is ready for school4 ,she is given some flowers for the teacher1 and is accompanied part way by her mother4 ,she is early at school1 her teacher kisses her1 pats her cheeks1 and ,stella is ready for the lessons1 the lessons her mother helped her with the evening before4 ,there she is1 happy1 radiant6 ,now let us go home with the other girl4 ,sadie is thirteen1 but she looks much older notwithstanding her frail little figure4 ,did ,i say home8 ,be the judge4 ,a few years ago her father and her aunt ran away together1 leaving the mother with ,sadie and two younger children4 ,the broken-spirited mother died after the desertion1 and the father and aunt returned1 were married1 and took possession of the house and the three children4 ,they now have a baby a year old4 ,the family live in a tumbledown house at the edge of the city4 ,on entering the house ,sadie receives no greeting from her stepmother-aunt1 who is sitting by a dirty window reading4 ,the child knows what work there is to do1 and goes at it sullenly4 ,after the meal1 at which she scarcely has time to sit down1 she has to do up the work1 and then is sent on an errand4 ,when she returns it is nine o'clock and she is hardly able to keep her eyes open4 ,the ,least ,common ,multiple and the ,greatest ,common ,divisor are like ,greek to her4 ,after she has tried to study a few minutes1 her stepmother disturbs her by throwing her brother's stockings into her lap to be mended4 ,when this task is completed1 and the potatoes are peeled for breakfast1 she goes upstairs4 ,she tenderly draws the covers about her sleeping brother and creeps into bed beside her little sister4 ,though she is very weary1 her starved soul is comforted as she cuddles and kisses her sister before she drops to sleep4 ,in the night she awakens1 and thinking ,harry is again uncovered she slips over to his bed1 like a little mother1 and again adjusts the bedclothes4 ,the baby awakens at five o'clock1 and ,sadie is called and told to make a fire and warm the milk4 ,she then gets breakfast1 does the kitchen work1 spreads up the beds1 sews a button on her brother's coat1 braids her sister's hair1 and is late at school4 ,she came in a few minutes late the morning ,i visited her room4 ,the class was trying to make a record for punctuality1 and had tied another room for first place until this morning when ,sadie's lateness set them behind4 ,the teacher was provoked and reproved ,sadie4 ,the pupils showed their scorn in many ways and said she was the cause of all but three of the tardy marks of the term4 ,the teacher knew that the principal would ask her why she did not improve her tardy record4 ,the pupils knew that their chances for a half-holiday were spoiled as long as that ,sadie ,johnson was in the room4 ,this morning especially the teacher wished to make a good showing because she wanted a place in a larger city and hoped that ,i would recommend her4 ,arithmetic was the first thing on the program4 ,the principal had boasted of the work of his school in arithmetic4 ,the work went beautifully1 for ,stella led off with a perfect recitation4 ,the pride of the whole class was evident1 the teacher was hopeful4 ,but wanting to see the work of all the pupils1 ,i asked several questions1 and at last called upon ,sadie4 ,she didn't know1 she stood abashed1 and showed absolute lack of understanding of the subject4 ,the principal was provoked4 ,the teacher was plainly humiliated1 and said in a tone that was low1 but loud enough for ,sadie and several of the children to hear1 ,the girl is not only lazy1 but feeble-minded4 ,so it was the whole term4 ,sadie was tortured each school day1 condemned by the most powerful court in the world1 her companions1 led by her teacher4 ,and the reason was that the teacher was teaching only the six-hour-a-day girl4 ,one does not have to go to ,turkey to see examples of injustice and cruelty4 ,but let us not be too critical of the teacher4 ,she is tender-hearted and sympathetic4 ,she weeps over the heroines in books1 and has latent longings to be of service in the world4 ,in this case she did not know the conditions that made ,sadie stupid4 ,if she had been interested in the children's out-of-school work1 and had had them tell her about it1 she would have known that the frail little unkempt girl was compelled to do a woman's work at home besides trying to get her lessons4 ,then she would have seen the tragedy in the child's appealing glance and have understood her4 ,some people go through life without finding an opportunity to do justice1 such as was this teacher's4 ,in ministering to the soul-hunger of this little girl she might have given the service that she had dreamed of giving4 ,it would have been the kind of service that is its own reward4 ,,ix ,a ,,story ,,and ,,letters ,,from ,,teachers ,a ,,story ,,from ,,nebraska1 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,sarah ,j4 ,,hoagland ,one spring found me in ,nebraska teaching a school of ,german and ,bohemian children1 only two of whom spoke ,english4 ,i boarded with a ,german family who lived about a mile from the school4 ,in our walks to and from school ,i taught the children ,english4 ,they and their father were born in ,nebraska1 but at first none of them could speak ,english so that ,i could understand it1 although ,i understood some of their ,german4 ,the oldest boy--ten years old--lanky1 with awkward gait1 and fair1 straight-standing hair1 had a dogged1 sullen look4 ,it was a home look1 especially when the father was around1 but it left when he was trying to tell about birds or other interesting things4 ,his telling me that he intended to work in town as soon as possible gave me a peep into his heart as regarded home4 ,it was not a happy home4 ,the father often drank1 and at such times he was harsh and cruel4 ,the mother was meek and subdued4 ,she never had known how to do good housekeeping4 ,she told me that when a girl in ,germany1 being large and strong1 she had had to work in the fields instead of learning housework4 ,the farm was run down2 the house was bare and unhomelike4 ,the father's voice was often raised in upbraiding in ,low ,dutch4 ,he often had the children rounded up for punishment for starting fires or other mischief4 ,the seven-year-old boy was more efficient1 either in the home or out1 than the ten-year-old boy4 ,i noticed that he had a better head and intelligence4 ,his efficiency was due to this1 not to any better training4 ,the mother often cried over the brutality of the father to the oldest boy4 ,i determined to study the situation1 and ,i found a remedy4 ,i learned that the father could do practically nothing in arithmetic4 ,he had attended school for his confirmation--a little reading in ,german being the only apparent result4 ,so ,i taught the boy arithmetic1 and after ,i had worked with him two hours every night for several months1 he could do addition better than his father4 ,it was wonderful to see the pride and dawning respect on the father's face as the boy figured correctly the weight of many wagon-loads of grain lately taken to the elevator4 ,i knew then that the unreasonable whipping would tend to stop4 ,i seldom see a father unreasonable with a boy he can be proud of at school4 ,so the sky was clear for a time4 ,but when the press of spring work came on and the father found he could not afford to employ help1 he grew moody and was even savage again4 ,he drank1 and at times ,i was afraid of him myself4 ,but ,i liked the mother4 ,i knew she needed the board money for the children1 and ,i wanted to see the case of the boy to a finish4 ,so ,i stayed on4 ,the lovely outdoor surroundings1 too1 made me want to stay4 ,the orchard was beautiful--the finest in the neighborhood4 ,the birds sang in a large maple at my window4 ,this was a treat to a flat-dweller4 ,since then ,i have ever loved the country4 ,i often asked the mother what the father was saying to the oldest boy4 ,i knew as far as the boy was concerned ,i could help the matter by influencing him4 ,she said that the father was complaining that the boy was worthless as a worker4 ,for one thing1 he had milked and left the milk in the barnyard in order to play4 ,the complaints kept pouring in on the patient mother4 ,the father was working early and late to get abreast of the season's work4 ,he forgot what sleep was1 and grew thin and haggard and more and more savage4 ,i felt that only some distinct advance would have effect on either father or boy4 ,i asked if the boy could drive a horse4 ,he couldn't4 ,he could not work a single piece of the machinery on the farm4 ,that is most unusual in ,nebraska1 for the light soil can be worked by machinery which a boy can learn to run if he can also guide horses4 ,the father would not teach the boy--had no patience with him4 ,so the mother and ,i made our plans4 ,she approached the father with the question of getting a team and machine for the boy4 ,it happened to be a cornstalk cutter that was needed4 ,the father consented1 provided the mother would teach the boy6 ,she had done such work1 though she was not strong enough to do it this year4 ,but ,i saw her that ,saturday toiling in the hot sun1 walking up and down the rows1 touching up the horses4 ,the boy proved most apt4 ,i soon saw him going up and down alone1 still under his mother's eye1 however4 ,the boy seemed to grow two years in importance1 self-reliance1 and ambition in that day's work6 ,this training was kept up out of school hours for some time1 and the boy learned to work other machinery1 the last thing a corn-planter4 ,as soon as the father realized what the boy was doing1 he was a transformed man4 ,the knowledge that he had a helper seemed to clear the atmosphere4 ,before this the boy had always kept out of the father's way4 ,now he forsook the mother6 ,it was ,papa and me from that time in his talk4 ,this new attitude made it all the easier for the wife1 for it was a relief from what had been her greatest trouble--having to stand between the two4 ,the father's pride and confidence in his son kept on growing4 ,in many ways he was just a good-natured big giant1 but he turned like a bear on anything that annoyed him4 ,i remember the first day the boy stayed out of school to work1 how it seemed to me a deciding day in his life4 ,i rarely like to see a child stay out of school1 but that day ,i thought the industrial training much more important than anything ,i could teach the boy in those hours of school4 ,he came regularly after the rush of work was over4 ,a ,,school ,,in ,,montana3 ,,mrs4 ,,hoagland',s ,,first ,,letter ,,to ,,the ,,author ,last ,september ,i heard your lecture on credit being given in school for home work4 ,i have tried it lately after working the children up to grade4 ,i started by getting acquainted with the homes1 finding out what the children did and what they could do further4 ,i made inquiries as to whether the children1 in their play1 left things around for the mother to pick up and so on4 ,the spirit the work is done in counts1 too1 in credit given4 ,the work must be done pleasantly and cheerfully2 the mother must be asked for work2 she is not to be hunting the child up to get him to do the work4 ,one little girl of eleven made bread from beginning to end1 never having tried it entirely before4 ,she has an overworked mother4 ,in another home ,i found the two older children took charge of a teething baby while the mother1 an ex-teacher and rather delicate1 did the housework4 ,the little girl1 six years old1 could do dishes and otherwise help the mother4 ,in another home the boy has grown to be the pride of his father's heart by forcing the father back into the chair1 when he was weary1 and doing the chores himself4 ,one boy1 his father told me two weeks ago1 was growing as dependable as his brother five years older1 and helped bring the cows1 herd cattle from one field to another before and after school and on non-school days4 ,there was much other work1 light in itself1 but wonderfully helpful to his father1 that was taken charge of cheerfully4 ,one child's father had a hired man4 ,the boy did but little4 ,he is eight years old and large4 ,while visiting there1 ,i saw his father bringing in coal4 ,i told the boy he would find it necessary to look up work if he cared for credit4 ,his mother visited school shortly after this2 ,i was telling her of the idea and she said she now understood why ,bennie had started to clear the table several times1 and so on4 ,we had a very happy laugh over it4 ,the boy hunts the eggs1 gets in the wood and coal1 makes the mash for the chickens1 and helps wash the dishes4 ,another child1 aged thirteen1 has to do much outside work1 so she feels good over getting credit for it4 ,it is a kind of pay that makes her days pleasanter4 ,i believe each child richly deserves the credit ,i have given4 ,the results have been to make the tie between the parents and myself stronger1 and ,i am asked to come back next year4 ,i have seen a gladder1 prouder light in the parents' eyes concerning their children4 ,it has helped to make our school in some respects without a superior in the county1 according to the county superintendent's own word4 ,a member of the board says the children never have made such progress since the school was built1 and all say these children never have made as much progress before4 ,they are learning1 as far as ,i can teach them1 the honor of labor and the beauty of being useful1 willing1 and dependable4 ,i have had a hard battle to wage here for good1 thorough work and application1 but the right has won4 ,i enclose a report that shows the kinds of work the children are in the habit of doing4 ,i am the teacher who spoke to you about the new oats being brought into the dryland country4 ,it is now being introduced into another part of ,montana where my homestead is4 ,you will perhaps remember me4 ,very sincerely1 ,,mrs4 ,s4 ,j4 ,,hoagland4 ,,bennie ,mc,c,o,y ,,addison ,,shirley ,aged #h ,aged #i ,dries dishes ,takes out ashes ,makes fire ,gets eggs ,pulled up sunflower stalks ,gets coal and kindling ,milks 7some7 ,feeds horses oats 7#ae head7 ,gets in coal and kindling ,cleans out barn ,gathers eggs ,milks cows sometimes ,brings in wood ,drives cattle ,carries ashes out ,harnesses up ,smashes big coal for stove ,hunts eggs ,turns churn ,waters horses ,feeds cats ,dries dishes ,gets chicken feed ,cooks 7eggs1 pancakes1 coffee7 ,feeds sitting hen ,sets table ,helps catch calves ,fries apples and bakes them ,gets clean hay for chicken nests ,peels potatoes ,clears table ,fries potatoes ,turns windmill#c ,feeds chickens ,slops hogs ,carries slop to hogs ,kills flies ,drives to town ,fixed his hand cart #c ,probably means turns the power on or off4 ,,johnnie ,,mahoney ,,lovilo ,,murray ,aged #f ,aged #e ,feeds pig ,opens gate for calves ,hunts eggs ,gets kindling ,waters horse ,gets coal ,told where sow and her new pigs ,takes care of baby were when no one else could ,closes chicken-house door find them ,carries wood ,minds baby ,dries dishes ,hunts firewood ,leads horses to plow ,,may ,,mahoney ,,aleen ,,murray ,aged #aa ,aged #g ,bakes bread ,washes and dries dishes ,washes dishes ,sweeps floor ,minds baby ,does simple ironing ,gets coal and water ,gets wood1 water1 and coal ,gathers eggs ,closes chicken-house door ,makes cake ,dresses baby ,gets cows ,tends baby ,waters horses ,pumps water ,,susie ,,marckino ,sewed a doll petticoat ,aged #ac ,sewed sleeves in waist for little brother ,cooks meals ,scrubs ,washes dishes ,irons ,scrubs ,cooks meals ,irons ,peels potatoes ,sews--made a waist and a baby ,takes out ashes dress ,dusts ,gets coal ,sweeps ,feeds chickens ,makes beds ,goes for horse ,airs bedding ,brings water ,milks cows ,gets hay and feeds horses ,feeds calf ,builds fires ,hays horses ,turns churn ,builds fires ,polishes stoves ,turns churn ,cares for young chickens ,feeds chickens ,dusts ,feeds sitting hens ,salts horses ,sets and clears table ,washes range ,,rosie ,,marckino ,polishes cutlery ,aged #f ,does light washing ,prepares vegetables ,gets water ,did dishes with four-year-old sister when all else were gone ,a general little helper ,a ,,letter ,,from ,,mrs4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,belknap1 ,,marion ,,county1 ,,oregon ,i believe intensely in an education that teaches the boy or girl not only how the book says to do a thing1 but how1 by actual experience and practice1 that thing is best worked out and brought to perfection4444 ,in this district we have used home credits for two years4 ,first1 in order to make this a success1 the teacher must believe in it1 and must be a worker4 ,we have given credits for everything from plowing to washing the baby for breakfast4 ,as a result we have the little girls dressing their own hair for school1 the older ones cooking breakfast1 washing1 ironing1 etc4 ,the boys plow1 milk1 clean stables1 cut wood1 feed horses1 do all kinds of work for credits2 doing it1 they have become interested in it1 and before they knew it a habit has been formed of doing things at the right time in the right way4 ,it is truly wonderful what these children do4 ,some of them walk three or four miles1 and still earn hundreds of credits in a week4 ,some of my girls milk as many as eight cows twice a day1 and the boys plow and harrow acres of ground4 ,they do the work gladly1 too4 ,monday mornings we give out blanks to be filled out1 signed by parents1 and returned the following ,monday morning4 ,we always go over the cards carefully4 ,i call the names aloud1 and the pupils report quickly4 ,if extra work has been accomplished ,i always try to praise the effort4 ,it is a happy hour when the reports are rendered4 ,at first we agreed that when any pupil earned six hundred or more credits he should be entitled to a holiday4 ,thousands of credits have been earned1 but no one has asked for the holiday6 ,frequently1 when the pupil has been ill1 or forced to miss a day1 he has asked that the credits be applied to blot out the absent marks1 and this has always been granted4 ,,part ,,two ,i ,,illustrative ,,home ,,credit ,,plans ,upon the demonstration of the success of the home credit plan in the ,spring ,valley ,school ,i began to hear of other ,oregon schools that had taken it up and were carrying it on successfully4 ,during the school year #aiac-ad1 three hundred and twenty-five teachers in ,oregon and in ,washington were giving school credit for home work1 while the scheme had been adopted by some schools in other ,states4 ,for the aid of those who may contemplate its use1 the outlines of several plans that have been instituted are printed here1 together with excerpts of letters we have received1 and cards made out by pupils4 ,these reports come from teachers who have used the scheme successfully in various forms4 ,the daily report plans are given first1 and the letters are arranged according to the frequency of the report from the home to the school4 ,it will be noted that some teachers use a card that is supposed to last for a whole year1 being returned to the teacher monthly as school cards are often returned to the parent monthly2 others have cards that are marked daily1 and last for only a week4 ,some teachers use a contest plan of awards like ,mr4 ,o',reilly's2 others add credits to the average obtained in school subjects2 and others do both4 ,the first user of the parent-signed report1 ,mr4 ,o',reilly1 used no cards1 but had the children write little notes with lists of their labors every day for their parents to sign4 ,a bulletin from the ,kansas ,agricultural ,college suggests that pupils should furnish the reports themselves over their own signatures4#d ,the only record of failure we have was in a school where monthly report cards were used1 and no definite scheme of duties was laid down1--merely so many minutes of unspecified labor4 ,i find that children are more interested when their performance of particular duties is recorded4 #d ,see ,appendix4 ,i should never advise the wholesale adoption of any one plan1 but ,i would suggest that superintendents and teachers adapt plans to the needs of their districts4 ,several schools have been reported where an enthusiastic principal has put the plan into operation throughout his school1 regardless of the ideas of his teachers4 ,i find that teachers never feel inspiration in a work that they do not want to undertake4 ,therefore1 it would be my suggestion that under no circumstances should a teacher be asked to use home credits unless she herself desires it4 ,,daily ,,reports ,the following is the method which ,mr4 ,a4 ,i4 ,o',reilly originated at the ,spring ,valley ,school1 in #aiaa-ab3-- ,rules of the ,contest #a4 ,no pupil is obliged to enter the contest4 #b4 ,any pupil entering is free to quit at any time1 but if any one quits without good cause1 all credits he or she may have earned will be forfeited4 #c4 ,parent or guardian must send an itemized list 7with signature affixed7 to the teacher each morning4 ,this list must contain a record of the work each child has done daily4 #d4 ,each day the teacher will issue a credit voucher to the pupil4 ,this voucher will state the total number of minutes due the pupil each day for home work4 #e4 ,at the close of the contest pupils will return vouchers to the teacher1 the six pupils who have earned the greatest amount of time1 per the vouchers1 receiving awards4 #f4 ,contest closes when term of school closes4 #g4 ,once each month the names of the six pupils who are in the lead will be published in the county papers4 #h4 ,ten per cent credit will be added to final examination results of all pupils 7except eighth graders7 who enter and continue in the contest4 #i4 ,when a pupil has credits to the amount of one day earned1 by surrender of the credits1 and by proper application to the teacher1 he or she may be granted a holiday1 provided that not more than one holiday may be granted to a pupil each month4 #aj4 ,forfeitures--dropping out of contest without cause1 all credits due2 unexcused absence1 all credits due2 unexcused tardiness1 #be per cent of all credits due2 less than #ij per cent in deportment for one month1 #aj per cent of all credits due4 #aa4 ,awards--the three having the highest credits1 #c each2 the three having second highest1 #b each4 ,awards to be placed in a savings bank to the credit of the pupils winning them4 ,funds for awards furnished by the school district board out of the general fund4 ,list of duties with minutes credit allowed for each #a4 ,building fire in the morning #e minutes #b4 ,milking a cow #e #c4 ,cleaning a cow #e #d4 ,cleaning out the barn #aj #e4 ,splitting and carrying in wood 7#ab hours' supply7 #aj #f4 ,turning cream separator #aj #g4 ,cleaning a horse #aj #h4 ,gathering eggs #aj #i4 ,feeding chickens #e #aj4 ,feeding pigs #e #aa4 ,feeding horse #e #ab4 ,feeding cow #e #ac4 ,churning butter #aj #ad4 ,making butter #aj #ae4 ,blacking stove #e #af4 ,making and baking bread #fj #ag4 ,making biscuits #aj #ah4 ,preparing breakfast for family #cj #ai4 ,preparing supper for family #cj #bj4 ,washing and wiping dishes 7one meal7 #ae #ba4 ,sweeping floor #e #bb4 ,dusting furniture 7rugs1 etc41 one room7 #e #bc4 ,scrubbing floor #bj #bd4 ,making beds 7must be made after school71 each bed #e #be4 ,washing1 ironing1 and starching own clothes that are worn at school 7each week7 #abj #bf4 ,bathing each week #cj #bg4 ,arriving at school with clean hands1 face1 teeth1 and nails1 and with hair combed #aj #bh4 ,practicing music lesson 7for #cj minutes7 #aj #bi4 ,retiring on or before #i o'clock #e #cj4 ,bathing and dressing baby #aj #ca4 ,sleeping with window boards in bedroom 7each night7 #e #cb4 ,other work not listed1 reasonable credit ,while it is sometimes more convenient to have printed record slips1 it is not necessary4 ,mr4 ,o',reilly carried on the grading by having each child write out his home credit work on ordinary tablet paper4 ,the great majority of home credit schools have used the plan in #aiad without any printing whatever4 ,it affords the children practice in written expression4 ,i give here two sample slips brought in by ,mr4 ,o',reilly's pupils in the first home credit contest in the ,united ,states4 ,tora ,mortensen ,jan4 #ca1 #aiab4 ,prepared supper #cj ,washed and wiped supper dishes #ae ,made #c beds #ae ,swept #a floor #e ,washed teeth #aj ,was in bed at #i o'clock #e ------------ ,total #a hr4 #bj min4 7,signed7 ,mrs4 ,emma ,savage4 ,la ,vern ,holdredge ,april #af1 #aiab4 ,fed chickens #e minutes ,gathered eggs #ae ,split kindling #aj ,carried in wood #ae ,swept four floors #bj ,fed one horse #e ,dried dishes #ae ,in bed before nine #e ,april #ag1 #aiab4 ,washed teeth4 #aj minutes ,swept three floors #ae ,put up lunch #aj ------------ ,total #abe minutes 7,signed7 ,,mrs4 ,,holdredge4 ,superintendent ,a4 ,r4 ,mack1 of ,holton1 ,kansas1 has issued the following plan for daily reports and the issue of credit vouchers monthly1 in bulletin form4 ,notice that the pupil who is paid in money1 or in any other way1 for home work receives no credit4 ,this card gives a very desirable emphasis to manners and personal care3-- ,rules #a4 ,no pupil is obliged to enter contest4 #b4 ,any pupil entering is free to quit at any time1 but if any one quits without good cause1 all credits he or she may have earned will be forfeited4 #c4 ,parent or guardian must send daily to the teacher an itemized list with signature attached2 this list must contain the record of the work each child has done daily4 #d4 ,at the end of each week the teacher may read the number of credits due the pupil for that week4 ,at the end of each month the teacher shall issue a credit voucher to the pupil giving the total number of credits due to the pupil up to date1 for home work4 #e4 ,the pupil in each grade making the highest number of credits each month will receive an added credit of #aj per cent of all credits due4 #f4 ,the school shall be divided into two divisions4 ,the boy and the girl in each division in each building receiving the highest number of credits at the end of each half-year shall be awarded a suitable medal4 #g4 ,the boy and the girl in each division in each building receiving the second highest number of credits shall at their own option be awarded a medal or an additional #aj per cent of credits already due4 #h4 ,ten per cent credit will be added to final examination results of all pupils who enter this contest before ,november #a1 and continue in it until the end of the year4 ,those entering school after ,november #a must enter contest before ,january #a1 in order to receive examination credit4 #i4 ,pupils entering the contest before ,november #a or ,january #a will be given credit not only on final examination grades1 but on monthly examination grades4 #aj4 ,in case a pupil enters the contest after ,november #a or ,january #a1 credits for home work will apply on monthly examination grades only4 ,the following schedule has been adopted3 ,grades of #ie to #ajj1 additional credit of half the amount between the grade and #ajj4 ,grades of #ij to #ie1 a credit of #c is given4 ,grades of #he to #ij1 a credit of #b is given4 ,grades of #hj to #he1 a credit of #a is given4 ,below #hj1 no credit4 #aa4 ,any pupil in the first three grades earning #fjj credits during a given month may have a quarter holiday4 ,pupils in the fourth grade must make #gjj credits2 pupils in the fifth grade must make #hjj credits2 pupils in the sixth grade must make #ijj credits2 pupils in the seventh and eighth grades must make #ajjj credits for a quarter holiday4 ,all holidays are at the discretion of the teacher2 provided1 that the pupil may not have more than one quarter holiday in any #bj days1 and provided1 that the teacher thinks that it will not interfere with school work4 ,in case deportment is below #ij per cent1 the holiday will be refused4 #ab4 ,forfeitures-- 7a7 ,dropping out of contest without cause forfeits all credits due4 7b7 ,unexcused absence forfeits all credits due4 7c7 ,tardiness forfeits #be per cent of all credits due4 7d7 ,less than #ij per cent in deportment in one month forfeits #aj per cent of all credits due4 7e7 ,loss of temper forfeits #e credits4 7f7 ,bad table manners forfeit #e credits4 7g7 ,impoliteness to elders forfeits #e credits4 7h7 ,bad language at home forfeits #e credits4 7i7 ,discourtesy to parents forfeits #aj credits4 7j7 ,unnecessarily soiling clothes forfeits #e credits4 7k7 ,unnecessarily tearing clothes forfeits #e credits4 7l7 ,report cards kept home #c days forfeits #e per cent credits and an additional #e credits for each succeeding day4 7m7 ,forgetting books forfeits #e credits per book4 #ac4 ,once each month the names of the six pupils who are in the lead will be published in the ,holton papers4 #ad4 ,a pupil who receives compensation for work done1 whether he is paid in money or in any other way1 shall receive no school credit for such work4 ,credit ,slip for ,primary to ,third ,grades1 inclusive ,credits4 #a4 ,carrying in cobs or kindling #e #b4 ,carrying in night wood for kitchen stove #aj #c4 ,feeding and watering chickens #e #d4 ,dusting one room #e #e4 ,making one bed #e #f4 ,wiping dishes #e #g4 ,washing dishes #aj #h4 ,setting table #e #i4 ,cleaning teeth #e #aj4 ,combing hair #e #aa4 ,properly preparing for school 7washing face1 ears1 neck1 hands2 cleaning teeth and finger nails7 #bj #ab4 ,dressing without help1 buttoning shoes1 etc #e #ac4 ,going to bed at or before #i ,p4,m4 #e #ad4 ,sleeping with window open each night #e #ae4 ,dressing younger child and washing its face #e #af4 ,caring for younger children half-hour #ae #ag4 ,proper use of handkerchief one day #e #ah4 ,cleaning mud or snow from feet #e #ai4 ,practicing music lesson #cj minutes #ae #bj4 ,cleaning snow from porch #e #ba4 ,cleaning snow from walks inside yard1 each walk #e #bb4 ,scrubbing porch #e #bc4 ,mending stockings1 per pair #e #bd4 ,filling the water bucket #e #be4 ,returning report card on first day #aj #bf4 ,returning report card on second day #e #bg4 ,polishing the shoes #aj #bh4 ,getting home before #d4cj and remaining home #cj minutes #ae ,other work not listed1 reasonable credit4 ,credit ,slip for ,fourth to ,eighth ,grades1 inclusive ,credits4 #a4 ,building a fire in morning #e #b4 ,milking a cow #e #c4 ,cleaning out a barn #aj #d4 ,splitting and carrying in wood1 #ab hours' supply #ae #e4 ,bringing in kindling #e #f4 ,bringing in coal1 per bucket #e #g4 ,filling water bucket #e #h4 ,cleaning a horse #aj #i4 ,feeding and watering chickens #e #aj4 ,feeding pigs #e #aa4 ,feeding horse #e #ab4 ,feeding cow #e #ac4 ,blacking stove #e #ad4 ,making and baking bread #fj #ae4 ,making biscuits #aj #af4 ,preparing breakfast for family #cj #ag4 ,preparing supper for family #cj #ah4 ,washing and wiping dishes1 one meal #ae #ai4 ,sweeping one room #e #bj4 ,dusting one room #e #ba4 ,making one bed #e #bb4 ,scrubbing one floor #bj #bc4 ,making a cake #bj #bd4 ,practicing music lesson half-hour #ae #be4 ,tending flowers in window #aj #bf4 ,working in garden half-hour #ae #bg4 ,cleaning snow from sidewalk #be #bh4 ,mending stockings1 per pair #e #bi4 ,washing1 starching and ironing own school clothes each week #fj #cj4 ,bathing 7each bath7 #cj #ca4 ,cleaning teeth #e #cb4 ,combing hair #e #cc4 ,properly preparing for school 7washing face1 ears1 neck1 hands2 cleaning teeth and finger nails7 #bj #cd4 ,retiring at or before #i ,p4,m #e #ce4 ,getting up at or before #g ,a4,m #e #cf4 ,bathing and dressing baby #aj #cg4 ,sleeping with window open each night #e #ch4 ,dressing younger child1 washing its face1 etc4 #e #ci4 ,caring for younger child1 each half-hour #ae #dj4 ,home study1 each half-hour #aj #da4 ,making pies1 #aj credits for the first and #e credits for each additional pie4 #db4 ,ironing one hour #cj #dc4 ,running washing machine one hour #cj #dd4 ,bringing cow from pasture1 #b or #c blocks #e #de4 ,bringing cow from pasture1 #h or #i blocks #ae #df4 ,errands down town #aj #dg4 ,carrying clothes #aj #dh4 ,helping prepare the meal #aj #di4 ,pumping a tank of water #fj #ej4 ,harrowing #b hours #fj #ea4 ,carrying dinner #aj #eb4 ,churning #bj #ec4 ,dressing a chicken #be #ed4 ,returning report cards on first day #aj #ee4 ,returning report cards on second day #e #ef4 ,polishing the shoes #aj #eg4 ,getting home before #d4cj and remaining home #cj minutes #ae ,other work not listed1 reasonable credit4 ,general ,rule ,for unlisted work credit will be given4 ,one credit will be given for every two minutes' work4 ,mr4 ,n4 ,v4 ,rowe1 the teacher at ,st4 ,john1 ,whitman ,county1 ,washington1 describes a novel plan3-- ,at first ,i used a credit card arranged after the order of a meal ticket4 ,the plan was to have the card hold credits enough for one school day of #cfj minutes1 arranged by #e's1 #aj's1 #ae's1 #bj's1 #be's1 and #cj's4 ,the idea is all right were it amplified so as to include a school week4 ,the teacher has a punch1 and punches or cancels credits as presented4 ,i found this took too many cards for each pupil4 ,some brought in as high as #cfj minutes in credits each day1 and even more than that in some cases4 ,at present ,i am using a plan similar to a grocer's manifolding or duplicating book where totals are forwarded each day4 ,this saves time and in some ways is better than the ticket plan4 ,the results have certainly justified the effort here4 7#a7 ,it lessens tardiness2 7#b7 it enlists the attention of parents quicker than anything else2 7#c7 it stimulates to better work in school2 7#d7 it creates a wholesome rivalry4 ,i have heard the following objections to it3 ,it requires too much time of a teacher already very busy2 and pupils get a holiday when they ought to be at their studies4 ,these objections are weak4 ,the plan certainly has a sound pedagogic principle for its foundation4 ,the children get but one holiday a month4 ,in case a pupil is ill or necessarily absent for a day1 it is very convenient to allow that as a holiday4 ,this helps the attendance record wonderfully1 and is perfectly legitimate1 so far as ,i can see4 ,we have been doing that way all the present year4 ,bear in mind1 we allow such as a holiday only when one has not been allowed already for that particular month4 ,in the register ,i mark the initial ,h wherever a holiday is granted1 and in this way ,i keep tab4 ,at ,burnt ,ridge1 near ,alpha1 ,washington1 in ,mrs4 ,venona ,e4 ,toman's school1 a postal-card photograph is given as a little reward of merit for each #ajjj credits earned4 ,five credits are taken off for coming to school with neck and ears not clean4 ,one hundred and twenty credits are given to the child who washes1 starches1 and irons her school clothes for the week4 ,practicing music and studying lessons get ten credits for half an hour2 but hard work1 like sawing wood and making a garden1 gets one credit for each two minutes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following is an excerpt from a letter from the ,burnt ,ridge teacher3-- ,i have the children keep their own records1 telling them that ,i want them to learn to do their own business4 ,then their mothers look over and sign their reports4 ,without one exception the parents are pleased with the plan4 ,the mothers tell me that the children hurry to get all done they possibly can before school time1 as they want their credits to increase4 ,one mother said there was more trouble now between her two girls because neither one wanted help than there was before when they wanted help4 ,i require that the work be done cheerfully4 ,one mother said she believed her daughters sang about their work many times when they did not feel a bit like it4 ,i notice myself1 and others tell me that it is making a difference in the homes4 ,i think this one of the best features that has been added to the school work4 ,it teaches independence1 thoughtfulness1 and thrift4 ,,morning ,,and ,,evening ,,record1 ,,weekly ,,report ,marion ,county1 ,oregon1 uses a card issued by ,superintendent ,w4 ,m4 ,smith1 which provides for a record of daily morning and evening home tasks1 and a weekly report4 ,this county forms an object lesson in the correct presentation of a subject of this kind4 ,superintendent ,smith first picked out a teacher that he knew had initiative and was able to carry her people with her4 ,he explained the matter to her in detail and kept in close touch with her work4 ,her success was so pronounced that he thought that it was not necessary to make much effort to extend the plan into the surrounding districts2 he knew it would spread of itself4 ,and it did2 like a prairie fire1 he found it leaping over districts and catching in others1 until now it is widely used in the county4 ,the card is the result of much experience and a few conferences with some of ,mr4 ,smith's best people4 ,notice that honesty of record is emphasized2 also observe the details of dairy work and the care of horses3-- ,illustration3 ,home ,credit ,blank ,school444444444444,dis't ,no4444444444444444,teacher4444444444444 4 ,name ,age ,grade ,object3 ,to secure the cooperation of the ,home and the ,school 444,day of,credits ,monday ,tuesday ,wednesday,thursday ,friday ,total 444 #aia44;for each4 a4m4 p4m4a4m4 p4m4a4m4 p4m4a4m4 p4m4a4m4 p4m4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #a4 ,bath #e ---------------------------------------- ------------ #b4 ,teeth #a cleaned ---------------------------------------- ------------ #c4 ,no4 loaves #ae of bread baked ---------------------------------------- ------------ #d4 ,no4 of cakes #aj baked ---------------------------------------- ------------ #e4 ,no4 of meals #ae prepared 7alone7 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #f4 ,wiped dishes #e 7all for one meal7 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #g4 ,washed dishes #e 7all for one meal7 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #h4 ,set the table #b ---------------------------------------- ------------ #i4 ,gathered #b up dishes ---------------------------------------- ------------ #aj4 ,churning #aj butter ---------------------------------------- ------------ #aa4 ,making #aj butter ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ab4 ,no4 of rooms #b swept ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ac4 ,no4 of rooms #b dusted ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ad4 ,no4 of beds #b made ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ae4 ,blacking #e stove ---------------------------------------- ------------ #af4 ,gathering #b the eggs ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ag4 ,carried #b in the wood ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ah4 ,no4 of fires #b built ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ai4 ,split #c the wood ---------------------------------------- ------------ #bj4 ,fed the #b chickens ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ba4 ,fed the pigs #b ---------------------------------------- ------------ #bb4 ,no4 of horses #a fed grain ---------------------------------------- ------------ #bc4 ,no4 horses #a hayed ---------------------------------------- ------------ #bd4 ,no4 horses #a watered ---------------------------------------- ------------ #be4 ,no4 horses #a bedded ---------------------------------------- ------------ #bf4 ,no4 cows #e milked ---------------------------------------- ------------ #bg4 ,no4 cows #a bedded ---------------------------------------- ------------ #bh4 ,no4 cow stalls #a cleaned ---------------------------------------- ------------ #bi4 ,no4 of horse #a stalls cleaned ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,total ,reasonable credit may be given for other work4 ,when the answer is ,yes or ,no as in #h and #i1 etc41 write #a for yes and leave blank for no4 ,,parent3--,as one who insists upon absolute honesty being taught1 my signature below certifies that to the best of my knowledge this report is correct4 44444444444444444,,parent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,oscar4 ,l4 ,dunlap1 principal of the school at ,salem ,heights1 ,marion ,county1 gives the following explanation of the way home credits were recognized in his school the first year3-- ,the first month we gave cash prizes2 then this was abandoned and we allowed #bj per cent to be added to each of any two subjects1 and #aj per cent to any one subject in the monthly tests4 ,we give twelve questions 7answer any ten7 and those having #bj per cent allowance need answer only eight questions1 and so on4 ,in my room the pupils work harder to earn the #bj per cent allowance than they did to earn the cash prizes2 for in this way every one receives a prize4 ,some think this is a wrong way to give rewards4 ,i was myself in doubt at first2 but my pupils have actually worked harder during the past two months than during the six months before we adopted this plan4 ,,daily ,,records1 ,,weekly ,,reports ,in ,spokane ,county1 ,washington1 one hundred and thirteen teachers have used home credits during the school year of #aiac-ad4 ,superintendent ,e4 ,g4 ,mc,farland became interested in the work that one of his rural teachers started on home credits at the opening of the schools in the fall of #aiac4 ,mr4 ,mc,farland obtained what information he could on the subject1 and then worked out a plan4 ,this made provision for a daily record for five days1 and a weekly report4 ,at his institute he presented the project to his teachers1 and in ,january some eighty-one began the work4 ,others soon followed4 ,illustration3 ,o4 ,h4 ,,benson ,,potato ,,club1 ,,moran1 ,,spokane ,,county1 ,,washington ,the members are receiving school credits for club work carried out regularly4 ,the president is talking potatoes to the members of the club ,the ,spokane ,chamber of ,commerce sent out a story of ,spokane ,county's home credits to eight hundred and fifty of its correspondents in the ,united ,states and ,canada4 ,for a while the superintendent's office was flooded with letters of inquiry relative to the plan4 ,this shows the great interest taken everywhere in any movement calculated to better the child's school and home relationship4 ,at a parent-teachers' meeting in ,spokane a committee was appointed to assist the principal of one of the schools in keeping the children off the streets4 ,at that time it was arranged that credit at school should be given to all children off the streets after six o'clock1 and to those who did not go to evening parties4 ,below is the ,spokane ,county plan4 ,bulletin for ,teachers3 ,home ,credits ,the following are the rules and reward offered for home work4 ,this work is to be done during the school week4 ,no one is compelled to enter this contest and the pupil may drop out at any time4 ,all work must be voluntary on the part of the pupil4 ,parents are requested not to sign papers for pupils if the work is not voluntarily and cheerfully done4 ,the rewards for this work are3-- ,one half-holiday each month to the child who has earned one hundred or more home credits1 and has not been absent or tardy for the month2 also #e per cent will be added to his final examination4 ,the pupil who earns one hundred or more credits each month but fails in perfect attendance will have the #e per cent added to his final examination4 ,in addition1 the board of directors may offer a prize to the pupil in each grade who shall have the greatest amount of home credits1 and shall be neither absent nor tardy during the term1 or from the adoption of these rules4 ,list of ,home ,credits ,personal cleanliness #b ,retiring before #i o'clock #a ,cleaning teeth #a ,feeding and watering chickens #a ,cleaning finger nails #a ,feeding and watering horses #a ,practicing music lesson #b ,feeding and watering cows #a ,dressing baby #a ,feeding and watering hogs #a ,washing dishes #a ,gathering eggs #a ,sweeping floor #a ,cleaning chicken house #a ,making bed #a ,going for mail #a ,preparing meal #b ,picking apples #b ,making a cake #a ,picking potatoes #b ,making biscuits #a ,bringing in wood for to-day #a ,churning #b ,splitting wood for to-day #a ,scrubbing floor #b ,bringing in water for to-day #a ,dusting #a ,grooming horse #a ,blacking stove #a ,milking cow #a ,darning stockings #a ,working in field #b ,delivering papers #b ,going for milk #a ,e4 ,g4 ,,mcfarland1 ,county ,superintendent of ,schools4 ,the following statement is made by ,superintendent ,mc,farland as to the effect home credits had on attendance in #aiac-ad3-- ,we attribute the increase in our attendance this year in the schools of ,spokane ,county1 outside the city of ,spokane1 largely to the ,home ,credit ,system and our certificates for perfect attendance4 ,while the enrollment was #ajh less than last year1 yet our attendance was #af1gab days more4 ,at the present rate of #af cents per day1 the pupils earned for the county1 from the ,state appropriation1 nearly #bgjj more than last year4 ,with the same enrollment as last year the increase of apportionment would have reached approximately #fjjj4 ,the credit slip for the school week provides for a daily record of chores or work done from ,monday to ,friday inclusive4 ,it does not contain a stated list of duties2 the blanks are to be filled in by the child4 ,the list of home credits is furnished each district1 but the teacher uses her judgment in allowing credit for any chore peculiar to her locality4 ,on page #ib is given one of these blanks with the work itemized4 ,note the evidence of cooperation between ,jessie and her mother4 ,on the mornings when ,jessie gets the breakfast her mother dresses the baby1 and vice versa4 ,illustration3 ,home ,credit ,work ,dist4 ,no4444444 ,name1 ,jessie ,jones4 ,age #ab4 ,grade #fth4 ,chores or work done ,mon4 ,tues4 ,wed4 ,thur4 ,fri4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,washing dishes #a #a #a 444 444 ,sweeping floor 444 444 #a #a #a ,making cake #a 444 444 444 444 ,making bed #a #a #a #a #a ,cleaning teeth #a #a #a #a #a ,dressing baby 444 #a 444 #a #a ,getting breakfast #a 444 #a 444 444 ,music lessons 444 444 #b 444 444 ,making biscuit 444 444 444 444 #a ,total for week #e #d #g #d #e ---------------------------------------- --------------- 7,signed7 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,a4 ,,jones1 ,parent's ,signature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,here is a letter from a little girl who earns home credits in a grown-up way3-- ,,cheney1 ,,washington4 ,april #bg1 #aiad4 ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,thomason3 ,i am nine years old1 and in the fourth grade4 ,i think ,i will pass into the fifth grade4 ,i like to go to school4 ,my teacher is ,miss ,grier4 ,i like her4 ,we get ,home ,credits in our school4 ,i haven't any pets1 but ,i have a little sister and a little brother4 ,they are twins1 and were born on my birthday1 ,june #aa4 ,their names are ,ruth and ,millard4 ,they are awfully sweet and good1 and ,i like them a good deal better than pets4 ,i get credit at school for taking care of them4 ,your little friend1 ,,clara ,,louise ,,peterson4 ,report of ,clara ,louise for week ending ,may #a1 #aiad3-- ,illustration3 ,home ,credit ,work ,dist4 ,no4 #ah4 ,name1 ,clara ,louise ,peterson4 ,age #i4 ,grade #dth4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,chores or work done ,mon4 ,tues4 ,wed4 ,thur4 ,fri4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,personal cleanliness #b #b #b #b #b ,cleaning teeth #a #b #b #b #b ,wiping dishes #a #a #a #a #b ,caring for baby #a #a #b #a #b ,carrying ,water 4444 #a #a #a #a ,sweeping floor 4444 #b #c #a 4444 ,gathering eggs #a #a #a #a #a ,going for mail #a 4444 4444 4444 4444 ,making beds 4444 #b #c #d #c ,churning 4444 #a 4444 #a 4444 ,setting table 4444 #a #a #a #a ,retiring before nine o'clock #a #a #a #a #a ------------------------------ ,total for week #h #ae #ag #af #ae ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- 7,signed7 ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,peterson1 ,parent's ,signature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,superintendent ,mc,farland has received many letters of appreciation from teachers and parents in his county4 ,one teacher writes3-- ,the system helps1 in bringing the school and home closer together by letting the parents see that we count the practical duties of the house and of the farm of actual value in the training of the child4 ,one father is encouraging his three boys to earn more than the required home credits by paying them a small sum of money for each additional five credits4 ,another writes3-- ,the teachers have noted many cases of much improved personal cleanliness1 which in itself has been a welcome reward4 ,then1 you know1 improved morals go hand in hand with clean bodies4 ,we are taking into account the fact that cleanliness on the part of one child usually forces another to clean up on account of the inevitable contrast4 ,a parent writes3-- ,the home credit system is to my mind one of the most practical features that has been introduced into the public-school curriculum for some time4 ,it teaches the children self-reliance1 and encourages them to take the initiative when heretofore they have been indifferent or careless4 ,its practical help to the parents is inestimable1 as children in pursuit of credits take innumerable burdens from the parents' shoulders4 ,this from another parent3-- ,regarding the home credit system of the public school1 my sentiment as the parent of two boys attending school is that it is working fine4 ,it makes my boys ambitious to earn as many credits as possible1 and this system as laid out leads them to take interest in the practical duties of their home1 thereby saving parents many a step1 and training the boys for useful work4 ,the home credit system also stimulates punctuality in attending school as well as personal neatness1 and regular habits in going to bed at the right time4 ,it seems to me that this credit system to a great extent completes the purpose of the public school4 ,one teacher in ,spokane ,county has solved the problem of the rural janitor with home credits4 ,like thousands of other girls teaching in country schools1 she had difficulty in keeping the schoolhouse clean4 ,beginning in ,january she offered school credit for outside work1 and she included in her list the care of the schoolhouse4 ,she reports that the room is kept perfectly now4 ,the floors are swept1 the woodwork dusted1 the blackboards and erasers cleaned1 water and wood supplied4 ,this same teacher1 ,miss ,lizzie ,k4 ,merritt1 says3-- ,it is not pleasant to work without appreciation4 ,we all know that we make a short job of the unappreciated piece of work4 ,we cannot expect a child to stay with a thing as long as an older person unless he sees a definite reward4 ,i have found that home credits teach observation1 accuracy1 and punctuality4 ,the following is an excerpt from a circular sent out by ,mr4 ,harry ,f4 ,heath1 principal of the school at ,eveline1 ,lewis ,county1 ,washington1 at the beginning of a home credit contest1 stating his plan4 ,this makes provision for a daily record for six days1 a weekly report1 and a voucher3-- ,eveline ,public ,school ,,eveline1 ,,wash41 ,january #e1 #aiad4 ,,dear ,,patron3-- ,sometimes1 in the rush of classes1 we of the school forget about the home life of the scholar4 ,and many times you of the home know but little of what is going on at school4 ,in order to connect more closely for the pupil the influences of both home and school1 ,i am planning this contest in home work for the next four months4 ,in order that the contest may be successful1 we ask the sympathy and aid of each parent4 ,the parent is the judge of the amount of work done by the pupil1 and upon the parent we depend for the accuracy of the reports4 ,have the pupil prepare his or her own list of duties performed1 ready for your signature1 and make it your duty to see that the lists are accurate at all times1 neither more nor less than the actual amount performed4 ,all lists should be dated1 and none will be accepted unless signed by you4 ,the prizes will not be expensive1 and will be given only as tokens of award4 ,the real awards will be realized during the course of the contest as set forth by the rules4 ,then follows the list of credits and the rules4 ,a letter from ,mr4 ,heath dated ,april #ba1 #aiad1 tells the way in which he carried on the work this year4 ,mr4 ,heath says3-- ,in answer to your request for information about our home credits contest1 ,i am sending some of the circulars which ,i used at the beginning1 and also some vouchers made by the pupils which ,i use to give out weekly credits4 ,i am also sending some sample slips of credits brought in by some of the pupils4 ,these slips show credits for an entire week1 which has proved to be the most satisfactory way to have the slips kept4 ,a notebook kept by me of the weekly and monthly totals1 as well as the holidays granted and forfeitures assessed1 is all of the record that our system has required4 ,two progressive business men of ,chehalis are furnishing inexpensive prizes in the form of books to go to the seven leaders in the contest at its close4 ,four of the prizes will probably go to boys1 but by the rules at least three are to go to girls4 ,i find in this community that the boys have much more opportunity to earn credits than the girls4 ,hence the rule4 ,the contest has run for four months and is closing this week4 ,it has been very well received in the community1 a number of suggestions having come in from parents in the way of additional credits4 ,one was a request that credits be given for daily reading of the ,bible1 and the change was made4 ,in my room1 which is the highest in our two-room school1 practically all of the scholars started1 and of the thirty-four at that time in the contest about twenty-five are still enrolled1 and the percentage would be larger if some of the beginners had not moved away4 ,the contest was tried for a while in the lower grades but was not successful there4 ,we limited the points that might be added to the general average to six in any one month1 and most of the live contestants got their six every month4 ,i got my ideas of the contest directly from ,mr4 ,alderman's article1 which ,i found in some paper4 ,it has been on the whole very successful1 and worth while4 ,when ,i try this sort of work again1 it will be on the plan of regular credits1 not in contest form4 ,i believe the ,spokane ,county plan as used this spring is one that would prove very satisfactory4 ,the ,eveline voucher plan gives the pupil something to watch for4 ,the first paragraph of ,mr4 ,heath's letter explains the use of these vouchers4 ,below are sample vouchers1 and copies of slips made out by the pupils4 ,the pupils rule the columns1 and write out their own records1 according to a published list which shows the value in minutes of each task4 ,this work is good practice for the pupil in ruling lines and making neat cards1 and it saves the cost of printing cards4 ,the vouchers1 which are taken home1 enable each pupil to have at home1 as well as at school1 a record of the total amount of his work4 ,illustration3 two hand-drawn vouchers 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,home ,credits ,alberta ,lemon ,march #cj-;,april #d4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,mon4 ,tues4 ,wed4 ,thur4 ,fri4 ,sat4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,slept with window open #e #e #e #e #e #e ,cleaned teeth #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj ,swept floors #ae 444 #aj #e #e #be ,wiped dishes #e #e 444 444 444 444 ,washed separator 444 #ae #ae 444 444 444 ,made beds #aj #e #aj #aj #e #e ,dusted rooms #aj 444 #aj #e 444 #be ,got supper #cj 444 444 444 444 444 ,wiped milk pails #e #e 444 444 444 444 ,peeled apples #cj 444 444 #cj 444 444 ,made lunches 444 444 #bj 444 444 444 ,washed milk pails 444 444 #aj 444 444 444 ,washed dishes 444 444 #e 444 444 444 ,retired at #i 444 #e #e #e #e 444 ,mended garments 444 #bj 444 444 444 444 ,studied #aj #cj 444 #aj 444 #bj ,ironed garments 444 444 #ej 444 #bae #ge ,helped with meal 444 #aj #aj #aj 444 444 ,went errands #e 444 #e #aj 444 #e ,scrubbed 444 444 444 444 444 #dj ,took bath 444 444 444 444 444 #hj ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- #ace #aaj #afe #ajj #bde #bij #aaj 444 444 444 444 444 #afe 444 444 444 444 444 #ajj 444 444 444 444 444 #bde 444 444 444 444 444 #bij 444 444 444 444 444 --- #ajde 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,mrs4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,lemon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,home ,credits ,rosa ,c4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #f #g #h #i #aj #aa ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,made fires 444 444 #e #e #aj 444 ,preparing meals #fj #cj #cj #cj #fj #fj ,set table #aj #e #e #aj #aj #aj ,washed dishes #e #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj ,wiped dishes #e #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj ,washed milk pails #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj ,carried in water #aj #aj #aj #aj #bj #bj ,turning separator #aj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj ,washing separator #ae #ae #ae #ae #ae #cj ,fed pets #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj ,ironing clothes 444 #ce 444 #ajj 444 #djj ,making beds #ae #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj ,cleaned my teeth #e #e #e #e #e #e ,slept with window open #e #e #e #e #e #e ,retired before nine #e #e #e #e #e #e ,washed baby #e #e #e #e 444 #e ,dressed baby #e 444 #e 444 #e #e ,sweeping floors 444 444 444 444 444 #cj ------------------------------ ,total #ahe #aie #afe #bgj #bae #fee ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,total 444 #afhe ,,chas4 ,f4 ,,conradi4 ,the ,cowlitz ,county1 ,washington1 plan is a daily record for seven days and a weekly report4 ,the rules governing the work are printed on the back of the credit card3-- ,illustration3 ,work of ,home ,record ,lavita ,fowler age #ab4 ,for week ending ,march #ac1 #aiad4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,sun4 ,mon ,tues4 ,wed4,thur4 ,fri4 ,sat4 ----------------------------------- ,min4 ,min4 ,min ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,total ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #a4 ,work in garden 444 444 444 #cj 444 #fj 444 #ij #b4 ,splitting and carrying in wood 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #c4 ,milking 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #d4 ,care of horses or cows 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4 ,cleaning barn 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #f4 ,care of poultry or pigs 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #g4 ,turning separator 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #h4 ,churning 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #i4 ,sweeping or or dusting #be 444 #bj #cj #aj 444 #bj #aje #aj4 ,washing or ironing 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aa4 ,preparing meals 444 #cj #fj 444 444 444 #dj #acj #ab4 ,washing dishes #fj #ee #de #bj #cj #de #ij #cde #ac4 ,bedroom work 444 444 #cj #bj 444 444 444 #ej #ad4 ,sewing 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ae4 ,caring for little children #cj #ij #fj 444 444 444 #fj #bdj #af4 ,building fires 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ag4 ,bathing 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aj #aj #ah4 ,brushing teeth #e 444 444 #e 444 444 #f #af #ai4 ,sleeping with open window #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #gj #bj4 ,to bed by #i o'clock #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #gj #ba4 ,attending ,church or ,sunday ,school #aj 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aj ,getting sister ready for school 444 #ae #aj #ae #ae #bj 444 #ge ,washing floors 444 444 444 444 444 444 #dj #dj 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #afj ---------------------------------------- ,total #ce #ce #cj #dj #ce #dj #gf #dea ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,i certify that the above is a correct record4 ,,mrs4 ,,fowler1 ,signature of ,parent or ,guardian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,rules governing ,credit for ,home ,work ,to ,,parents ,,or ,,guardians3-- ,the scheme of giving credit at school for work done at home by the pupils can be made successful only through your coperation1 and faithful report of the work done4 ,every ,friday afternoon a ,home ,work ,record ,slip will be given each pupil4 ,beginning with ,sunday all time spent by the pupils in home work should be entered in the proper place4 ,each ,monday morning a slip filled in during the previous week should be returned to the teacher4 ,this slip must be signed by the parent or guardian4 ,extra work may be listed in the blank spaces4 ,to secure credit at school for his work1 the pupil should average eight hours a week1 thirty-two hours a month1 at real1 honest1 helpful labor that relieves the fathers and mothers of that amount of work4 ,if this is done1 the teacher will add three credits to the average gained by the pupil at the school during the month in his studies4 ,additional credits will be given for more than thirty-two hours a month at the rate of one credit for every ten hours' work4 ,please coperate with your teacher in this plan for making work more worth while to the boy and girl4 ,,lucia ,,jenkins1 ,county ,superintendent of ,schools4 ,in the ,district #fa ,school1 near ,bellingham1 ,washington1 taught by ,mrs4 ,lou ,albee ,maynard1 there is used a system of having the home credit accounts kept by pupils2 the children call it the ,ruth and ,grace ,system4 ,here is a plan that solves the problem1 if it is a problem1 of putting extra work on the teacher through home credits4 ,not only is the teacher entirely relieved of the bookkeeping which the system requires1 but the pupils are engaged in practical bookkeeping while they keep the records4 ,checks are made out in regular bank-check form1 and receipts are given4 ,the ,ruth and ,grace ,system is thus described in a neat account written by ,emma ,ames1 a pupil in the sixth grade3-- ,ruth and ,grace were girls who wanted to learn bookkeeping4 ,in order to give them a chance we took up the credit system4 ,at the end of each week the girls give us a slip of paper ruled and ready to be made out4 ,the mothers sign it4 ,each thing which we do counts so much4 ,at the end of the week these slips are handed back to the girls1 and we receive another4 ,we also get a check telling how many credits we received the week before4 ,when we make five thousand credits we then receive a composition book4 ,smaller things are also given for fewer credits4 ,the girls keep in their ledgers each person's work4 ,so if any mistake is made they will have something to refer to4 ,we call the system the ,ruth and ,grace ,system4 ,the prize list is as follows3-- ,washing dishes4444444444444444444444 #aj credits4 ,wiping dishes44444444444444444444444 #e ,sweeping4444444444444444444444444444 #e ,making beds4444444444444444444444444 #e ,baking bread444444444444444444444444 #ae ,dusting44444444444444444444444444444 #e ,scrubbing444444444444444444444444444 #be ,practicing music44444444444444444444 #aj ,brushing teeth4444444444444444444444 #e ,clean finger nails444444444444444444 #e ,splitting kindling444444444444444444 #aj ,splitting wood4444444444444444444444 #aj ,carrying water4444444444444444444444 #aj ,milking cow4444444444444444444444444 #ae ,feeding pigs444444444444444444444444 #e ,feeding chickens44444444444444444444 #e ,feeding and bedding cows444444444444 #be ,slashing one hour4444444444444444444 #be ,getting a meal4444444444444444444444 #ae ,taking charge of house44444444444444 #ej ,charge for father one day44444444444 #ej ,building fires4444444444444444444444 #aj ,sewing444444444444444444444444444444 #ae ,making an apron444444444444444444444 #ae ,carrying wood44444444444444444444444 #aj ,washing44444444444444444444444444444 #be ,ironing44444444444444444444444444444 #be ,the following letter from ,mrs4 ,maynard explains the system further3-- ,i have been requested to report on our plan for giving credit for home work as we have tried it4 ,one of my pupils has written a report of our system which explains our methods nicely4 ,this has been only a trial1 but ,i am so pleased with results that ,i intend to use it whenever there are older pupils who can do the bookkeeping1 for it represents a great deal of work1 and unless the school is a very small one the system would add too much to the already busy teacher's work4 ,the girls who are represented by our firm carried on the work on a strictly business basis4 ,they bought the work of the pupils as represented by the weekly reports4 ,this work was then sold to me at a gain of #bj per cent4 ,the girls have worked out a simple system of double entry in six weeks4 ,we1 as a school1 have spent an interesting and profitable time1 keeping track of our work1 and of their mistakes1 and the various ups and downs of a business4 ,we are planning a better schedule of wages1 a bank in which to deposit our checks1 and a store where the credits may be exchanged for little articles which represent the rewards2 but this is all in the making1 and may have to wait for another year1 as our school term closes soon4 ,this is a school whose average attendance is about sixteen4 ,the people are progressive1 and see that we have all modern appliances3 gymnasium1 school garden1 bubbling fountain1 sanitary toilets1 and a good heating system are some of the good things our country school enjoys4 ,some original features are included in a plan in operation in ,algona1 ,king ,county1 ,washington4 ,the ,algona plan of grading is this3 ,the actual number of minutes employed in doing the daily chores is registered4 ,thirty minutes is allowed for church attendance4 ,twenty-five per cent is given weekly for each of the personal care items1 bathing1 brushing teeth1 sleeping with open windows1 and going to bed before nine o'clock4 ,half an hour's work must be done each day1 else the pupil forfeits the work done that day4 ,if at the end of a month the pupil has made an average of #he per cent on personal care1 and has #he per cent on home work1 his grade average for the month is raised #aj per cent4 ,for instance1 if a boy should have the required #he per cent in the home credit department1 and should have an average of #hj per cent in his school subjects1 his final grade for the month would be #hh per cent4 ,algona uses a book system of keeping the pupils' weekly home credit grades4 ,the principal records the final grades for each week1 after collecting the cards from his three assistants4 ,he expects to substitute the card system for the book another year1 using the same plan of record4 ,below is given the plan for keeping the records1 together with the work of one boy for a month3-- ,leon ,noel's ,record in ,book ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,week ending ,minutes ,personal care ,leon ,noel ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,february #b #baj #ajj #i #baj #ajj #af #baj #ig #bc #baj #ig ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,home ,work ,record of ,leon ,noel4 ,for week ending ,february #ba1 #aiad4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,sun4 ,mon4 ,tues4,wed4 ,thur4,fri4 ,sat4 ,total ---------------------------------------- -------------------,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #a4 ,working in garden44 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #b4 ,splitting kindlings #ae 444 #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #fe #c4 ,bringing in fuel444 #e #e #e #e #e #e #e #ce #d4 ,milking cow44444444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4 ,care of horse444444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #f4 ,preparing meals4444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #g4 ,washing dishes44444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #h4 ,sweeping44444444444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #i4 ,dusting444444444444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aj4 ,bedroom work4444444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aa4 ,washing444444444444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ab4 ,ironing444444444444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ac4 ,care of baby4444444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ad4 ,care of chickens44444444444 #ae 444 #bj #ae #ae #ae #ae #ie #ae4 ,running errands444444444444 444 #fj 444 444 444 444 #abj #ahj ,a4 ,bathing444444444444 444 444 444 444 444 444 x 444 ,b4 ,brushing teeth44444 x x x x x x x 444 ,c4 ,sleeping with open windows4444444 x x x x x x x 444 ,d4 ,going to bed before #i o'clock4444444444 x x x x 444 x x 444 ,e4 ,attending ,church or ,sunday ,school4444444444444 #cj 444 444 444 444 444 444 #cj ---------------------------------------- ,total44444444444 #fe #fe #ce #cj #cj #cj #aej #dje ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,i certify that the above is a correct record4 7,signed7 ,,mrs4 ,c4 ,d4 ,,french1 ,signature of ,parent or ,guardian4 ,a comparison of ,leon ,noel's home credit record on his slip with the record in the principal's book shows that while he has #dje credits on the former he is credited with only the required #baj on the record4 ,c4 ,c4 ,calavan1 the principal1 expects to allow a holiday1 or grant additional credit on school work another year1 for credits above the half-hour a day4 ,the children of the school at first insisted on making an hour's work the minimum for a day's credit1 but ,mr4 ,calavan decided to start conservatively4 ,it will be noticed that ,leon ,noel lost three points in each of the last two weeks of ,february4 ,this was because he was not in bed before nine every evening4 ,mr4 ,calavan says he is going to change his plan along this line next year1 granting three or four evenings a month when a child may be in bed a little later than nine without forfeiting credits4 ,he believes that a happy1 wholesome evening1 spent in play with companions1 has a very valuable place in the child's development4 ,sunday-school and church attendance has become popular in ,algona since school credit has been given for it4 ,the little daughter in a non-church-going family had never attended any church services until it was brought out that the other children at school were getting credit for such attendance4 ,the parents dressed the little girl for ,sunday school1 and sent her off1 determined that their child should not be left out in the home credit game4 ,a boy's record was perfect1 except that he did not have a church attendance recorded4 ,on inquiry the principal found that ,albert's family was of the ,seventh ,day ,adventist faith1 and that the boy was at church as regularly as ,saturday came4 ,he was at once given credit4 ,the children of the ,catholic faith are given credit for attending the catechism class that meets in the schoolhouse ,tuesday afternoons4 ,the people took hold1 said ,mr4 ,calavan4 ,the ,parent-,teachers' ,association is enthusiastic over the plan1 and is doing all possible to help4 ,two decided results that home credits have brought about are that we have a much neater1 better-kept class of pupils1 and our boys are off the streets4 ,several persons have remarked to me that the school was doing something with the boys1 surely1 for they all seemed to be busy after school4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the system introduced in ,portland1 ,oregon1 schools1 is the daily record and weekly report plan4 ,the following suggestions were sent out early in #aiad by the ,portland office3-- ,suggestions for using the ,home ,record ,slip ,the regular monthly report card should contain two extra columns1 one entitled ,home ,work and one ,personal ,care1 and in these columns the pupil should be marked on the scale of #ajj4 ,one hundred per cent in the ,home ,work column would be secured by a daily record of not less than one half-hour of approved work for seven days each week4 ,one hundred per cent in the ,personal ,care column would be secured by daily practice of numbers ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 and ,d for seven days of the week1 and for attendance upon some religious service4 ,twenty per cent could be allowed for each number and twenty per cent for attendance at church or ,sunday school4 ,the matter of bathing should not be interpreted to refer strictly to tub baths1 since in large families daily tub baths are sometimes impracticable1 and inability to make a good showing on the card would have a tendency to discourage4 ,different plans of reward for a given number of minutes devoted to work during a week are outlined in the pamphlet1 ,school ,industrial ,credit for ,home ,industrial ,work4 ,these1 however1 may be modified or enlarged to suit4 ,all time1 including the half-hour a day and the amount allowed for all other operations1 should be counted toward a specified total necessary to earn the reward4 ,these rules are printed on the back of each home credit record card3-- ,rules governing ,credit for ,home ,work ,every ,friday afternoon a home work record slip will be given to each pupil4 ,beginning with ,sunday1 all time spent by the pupil in home work should be entered in the proper space4 ,each ,monday morning a slip filled during the previous week should be returned to the teacher4 ,the slip must be signed by the parent or guardian as an assurance that a correct record has been kept4 ,any work not listed but of value to the parents may be counted1 and the nature of the work specified in the blank spaces4 ,at the close of the school month1 when the report of school work is made out1 in the column ,home ,work1 the pupil will be marked on the scale of #ajj for actual work of not less than one half-hour each day1 and in the column ,personal ,care on the scale of #ajj for numbers ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 and ,d1 and for attendance at church or ,sunday school4 ,in addition to credit on the report card1 reward may be given at the option of the principal for a specified amount of time spent in useful work at home4 ,for purpose of reward credit of five minutes a day will be allowed for each operation listed as ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 and ,d1 and twenty minutes for attendance at church or ,sunday school4 ,the ,portland home work record slips are printed by the city office1 and furnished to teachers who wish to use them4 ,on pages #aae1 #aag1 and #aai are given home credit records of ,portland children1 showing the class of home work they are doing4 ,a swift review of a child's record gives the teacher a pretty accurate estimate of his home environment4 ,elsie ,g41 whose card is shown1 has kept weekly records of her work for more than a year4 ,she and some of the other girls make it a practice to help ,miss ,wright1 their teacher1 enroll the records for the class4 ,the method of crediting is extremely simple1 but it seems to work4 ,the pupils return the filled-out slips the first of every week2 at the end of each month the girls count the slips1 and for every pupil who has brought in four slips they register one credit in the book4 ,miss ,wright looks over the cards as they come in1 and often makes comment on the work1 to the individual1 or to the class as a whole4 ,illustration3 ,home ,work ,record of ,elsie ,g----4 ,for week ending ,december #ai1 #aiac4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,sun4 ,mon4,tues4,wed4 ,thur4,fri4 ,sat4 ------------------------------------,tot al ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #a4 ,work in garden 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #b4 ,splitting kindlings 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #c4 ,bringing in fuel 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #d4 ,milking cow 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4 ,care of horse 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #f4 ,preparing meals 444 #be #ae #be #be #be #bj #ace #a #a #c #c #b #b #g4 ,washing dishes #bj #be #ae #ae #ae #bj 444 #bjj #h4 ,sweeping 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #i4 ,dusting #ae 444 444 444 444 444 #ae #cj #aj4 ,bedroom work 444 444 #aj #aj #ae #aj #bj #fe #aa4 ,washing 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ab4 ,ironing 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ac4 ,care of baby #cj #fj #de #fj #fj #de #fj #cej ,a4 ,bathing x x x x x x x 444 ,b4 ,brushing teeth x x x x x x x 444 ,c4 ,sleeping with open windows x x x x x x x 444 ,d4 ,going to bed before #i o'clock 444 x x x x x x 444 ,e4 ,attending ,church or ,sunday ,school 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- - ,total #gij ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,i certify that the above is a correct record4 ,,mrs4 ,g4 ,h4 ,g----1 ,signature of ,parent or ,guardian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,miss ,wright began this home credit work by taking sixteen of the printed slips and laying them on her desk4 ,the boys left the room to go to manual training1 and the girls then gathered around her desk and discovered the slips4 ,what are these8 they inquired1 and they each wanted one to take home4 ,there were just enough for the girls1 but when the boys found out about it they clamored for slips1 too4 ,miss ,wright now leaves a pile of the blanks on her desk every ,friday1 and most of the pupils take them4 ,they used to ask to have the credit applied to raise their standings on their lowest studies 7they are allowed1 for instance1 to increase a mark of seven in grammar to a mark of eight for one month71 but now they seldom ask for the increase4 ,they do their home work and record it with no other incentive than the satisfaction of having a record and the honor and approval of their parents1 teacher1 and schoolmates4 ,the ten-year-old boy whose card is shown here goes on week-ends to the country1 and brings in his record afterward with great pride to show the other fellows that he has cared for horses4 ,illustration3 ,home ,work ,record of ,henry ,f4 ,p----4 ,for week ending 1 #ai444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,sun4 ,mon4 ,tues4,wed4 ,thur4,fri4 ,sat4 ---------------------------------------- ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,total ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #a4 ,work in garden 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aj #aj #b4 ,splitting kindlings #aj #ae #aj #aj #bj #aj #aj #he #c4 ,bringing in fuel #e #e #e #e #aj #ae #ae #fj #d4 ,milking cow 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4 ,care of horses #bj 444 444 444 444 444 #aj #cj #f4 ,preparing meals 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #g4 ,washing dishes 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #h4 ,sweeping 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #i4 ,dusting 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aj4 ,bedroom work 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aa4 ,washing 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ab4 ,ironing 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ac4 ,care of baby 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,feeding chickens #aj #e #aj #aj #ae #aj #aj #gj ,feeding rabbits #aj #e #ae #bj #ae #aj #aj #he ,a4 ,bathing x x x x x x x 444 ,b4 ,brushing teeth #b #b #b #b #b #b #b 444 ,c4 ,sleeping with open windows x x x x x x x ,d4 ,going to bed before #i o'clock 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,e4 ,attending ,church or ,sunday ,school 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ,total 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #cdj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,i certify that the above is a correct record4 ,,flora ,h4 ,p---- ,signature of ,parent or ,guardian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we find many instances1 like the following1 where boys who at first had nothing to do1 seemingly1 but to get in the fuel1 have begun to assist their mothers with the dishwashing1 dusting1 and cooking4 ,not only does this work run up their list of credits at school1 but it causes them to appreciate what mother has to do1 gets them acquainted with their homes1 and keeps them off the streets4 ,and it has other uses for a boy4 ,henry ,turner ,bailey says3-- ,away from home1 as a lonely art student and young teacher in strange and home-sickening boarding houses1 maybe ,i wasn't thankful to be able to sweep and dust1 to wash and iron and cook1 upon occasion1 to sew on buttons1 to darn1 and to mend4 ,but perhaps my keenest satisfaction came from my ability to make a bed4 ,the boarding-house madonnas are not1 as a rule1 highly skilled in that gentle art4 ,in view of my personal experiences ,i have often wondered why the advocates of ,domestic ,science are not more strongly co-educational4 ,what is sauce for the goose seems to me worthy to be sauce for the gander1--certainly during the gosling stage4 ,every boy should know how to sew1 just as every girl should know how to whittle4 ,every boy should know how to cook1 just as every girl should know how to swim4 ,skill in the elemental arts is a form of what ,henderson calls human wealth4 ,all should participate4#e #e ,school ,arts ,magazine1 ,may1 #aiad4 ,illustration3 ,home ,work ,record of ,harold ,r----4 ,for week ending ,december #bj1 #aiac4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,sun4 ,mon4 ,tues4,wed4 ,thur4,fri4 ,sat4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,min4 ,total ---- ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #a4 ,work in garden 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #b4 ,splitting kindlings 444 #e #aj #ae #aj #e #ae #fj #c4 ,bringing in fuel #e #aj #be #ae #aj #e #be #ie #d4 ,milking cow 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4 ,care of horse 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #f4 ,preparing meals 444 444 444 #ae 444 444 #ae #cj #g4 ,washing dishes #aj #aj #e #aj #ae #aj #fj 444 #h4 ,sweeping 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aj #aj #i4 ,dusting 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aj #aj #aj4 ,bedroom work 444 444 444 444 444 444 #aj #aj #aa4 ,washing 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ab4 ,ironing 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ac4 ,care of baby 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,a4 ,bathing 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,b4 ,brushing teeth x 444 x x x x x #cj ,c4 ,sleeping with open windows x x x x x x x #g ,d4 ,going to bed before #i o'clock x x x x x x --- #f ,e4 ,attending ,church or ,sunday ,school x 444 444 444 444 444 444 #a ---------------------------------------- ,total #bc #ag #eb #eg #cg #hb #aja #haj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,i certify that the above is a correct record4 ,,mrs4 ,f4 ,m4 ,r4----1 ,signature of ,parent or ,guardian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,portland woman1 who is much interested in the schools1 says3-- ,in looking over some of the cards ,i find that the child soon learns to do his chores in less time each week1 that he may have more time for other work or play1 and yet fill out his record card4 ,this is a great help to the parents4 ,i know one boy who cannot be induced to go out to an evening affair because he wants to get to bed before nine o'clock so that his record card will be perfect4 ,how soon could we dismiss the ,juvenile ,court if we could get all children to feel like that6 ,it is worth while to try4 ,in ,polk ,county1 ,oregon1 the system has been introduced into rural schools with marked success4 ,the plan here comprises a daily record1 and monthly reports4 ,below are excerpts from an article written for the ,oregon ,teachers' ,monthly1 by ,mr4 ,r4 ,g4 ,dykstra1 who used home credits in his rural school at ,suver1 ,polk ,county1 in #aiab-ac4 ,i should like to direct especial attention to his testimony on the tardiness record of the district2 also to his plan of allowing credit for a long walk to school4 ,with the following exceptions ,i carried out the work as started in the ,spring ,valley ,school last year3 ,i required the pupils to get eight hundred minutes' credit before taking the holiday instead of six hundred2 the number of minutes' credit for milking cows was increased from five to fifteen for each cow and a reasonable amount of credit was allowed for all work not named in the list of chores2 children living over a mile and a half from school were allowed credit for the distance they had to walk in proportion to the others1 and #e per cent instead of #aj was added to the end of the year on their final school averages for the carrying on of the work4 ,only two prizes were offered by the ,district1 three dollars and two dollars respectively4 ,children seldom took advantage of the holiday given for eight hundred minutes' credit unless it was used for sickness or unavoidable absence1 as they were encouraged in the knowledge that a day lost was a day's work lost as well4 ,tardiness on the part of any pupil doing the work meant a loss of so many credits already accumulated4 ,it would be impossible to enumerate the many things this work has done for this community1 but the following facts may prove interesting to the reader4 ,during the year of #aiaa-ab1 without home credit work1 this school had a record of #ie per cent in attendance and #ei tardies4 ,for the year #aiab-ac just closed1 the record is #ih per cent in attendance and #h tardies4 ,part of the home credits given have been for proper care of body1 sleeping with windows open1 care of teeth1 hair1 etc41 and the result of these requirements has been the showing of a healthier appearance on the part of nearly all the pupils4 ,the parents of the district claim that the children are doing more work at home than they ever did before1 and the people feel that their children are getting an education that will be of value to them and that the money is being well spent in this kind of work4 ,the card issued by ,county ,superintendent ,seymour is here reproduced filled out by a pupil4 ,it shows daily records for two weeks on each side of the card4 ,the five school days only are counted4 ,illustration3 ,home ,credit ,card ,north ,dallas ,school1 ,polk ,county1 ,oregon4 ,blanks to be filled in each day4 ,parents sign before returning it to teacher4 ,blanks to be returned each month and a new one secured4 ,edwin ,b----4 ,february1 #a1 #aiad4 ,pupil's name4 ,month4 ,m4 ,t4 ,w4 ,t4 ,f4 ,total ,m4 ,t4 ,w4 ,t4 ,f4 ,total ,building fire #e ,milking each cow daily #e ,cleaning barn1 each animal #e #be #be #be #be #be #abe #be #de #de #de #de #bje ,carrying wood #aj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #ajj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #ajj ,splitting wood #aj ,turning separator #aj ,cleaning separator #e ,churning butter #ej #cj #cj #fj ,working butter #aj ,cleaning horse #ae ,feeding chickens #e #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #ej #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #ej ,feeding pigs #aj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #ajj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #ajj ,feeding horse #e #ae #ae #ae #de #ae #ae #bj #ae #ae #hj ,feeding cows #e #be #be #be #ge #be #be #ae #ae #ae #ie ,blacking stove #ae ,making bread #aj ,getting breakfast #ej ,getting supper #de ,washing dishes #bj ,sweeping floor1 each room #e #ae ,cleaning house1 each room #bj ,scrubbing floor1 each room #ej ,making beds1 each #e ,washing clothes #fj ,ironing clothes #fj ,bathing #cj ,arrive at school clean #e #e #e #e #e #e #be #e #e #e #e #e #be ,music lesson ,bed at #i p4m4 #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #ej #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #ej ,gathering eggs #e #e #e #e #e #e #be #e #e #e #e #e #be ,cleaning teeth #e #e #e #e #e #e #be #e #e #e #e #e #be ,cleaning finger nails #e #e #e #e #e #e #be #e #e #e #e #e #be ,sleeping with window open #e #e #e #e #e #e #be #e #e #e #e #e #be ,making pies #aj ,cleaning and filling lamps #e ,errands #e #aj #aj #e #e ,reading book home #e ,distance school1 over half-mile #e #e #e #e #e #e #be #e #e #e #e #e #be ,total #aih #ach #aih #abh #aac #gee #aec #agc #agc #afc #afc #hbe ,teacher and pupils to go over list and agree on time for each thing4 ,distance from school more than one-half mile to be given credit for4 ,any work not listed that is creditable teacher will give credit for4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,b----1 ,signature of ,parents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the card given on pages #abb and #abc came from ,miss ,veva ,burns1 the teacher at ,north ,dallas1 with the following letter1 dated ,april #bf1 #aiad3-- ,i am pleased to explain the home credit system as we use it4 ,i am sending some of the cards filled out by the pupils4 ,we secure these cards from ,mr4 ,seymour1 the county school superintendent1 and are allowed to use them as we think best4444 ,we have a two-room school1 and have divided it into two divisions1 the smaller pupils having five thousand credits as their aim1 while the larger ones work for ten thousand4 ,of course the number to be obtained would vary with the opportunity the children would have to earn credits4 ,on the average1 it takes our pupils about three months to earn the required number4 ,when they have secured the number1 some prize1 such as a book1 is given1 and they are allowed to start again4 ,then1 at the end of school1 the one who has earned the most is given a special prize4 ,also1 ,mr4 ,seymour allows us to give ten points on each child's lowest grade1 at the close of school1 if he has kept up his home credit work during the school year4 ,some teachers give a holiday as a reward instead of a prize4 ,the cards are taken home by the pupils and filled out each evening4 ,if the pupils are too small to attend to the cards1 some member of the family looks after them4 ,we see to it that the system is thoroughly understood by each family4 ,as each card is filled out1 it is returned to us4 ,we have a school of over sixty pupils1 and all but four are working on the credit system4 ,we did not urge any one to take it up1 but allowed them to decide for themselves4 ,this letter is from ,miss ,miriam ,h4 ,rarey1 who has taught near ,dallas1 in #aiad3-- ,work done on ,saturdays and ,sundays does not count with the exception of bathing4 ,pupils1 as a rule1 when they bathe at all1 bathe on ,saturday4 ,so ,i told them they could take thirty minutes' credit for that1 and put it down in ,friday's space1 in the hope that it would induce them to bathe at least once a week4 ,it worked pretty well with some of the pupils1 but others would rather do without the credits than do anything so unusual4 ,when a pupil gets five thousand credits 7every minute counts one credit7 he gets his grade on his poorest study raised #e per cent1 or if he does not need that1 he gets a holiday without being marked absent4 ,the pupils have all worked pretty hard for credits1 and only a few have asked for holidays4 ,the people in the district have all been pleased with the results of home credit and ,i think it is a good thing4 ,i have seventeen pupils1 and they are all using home credits4 ,the ,idaho plan as sent out by the ,state ,superintendent1 ,miss ,grace ,m4 ,shepherd1 in a bulletin to teachers is as follows3 ,miss ,shepherd issued two mimeographed sheets1 one of rules1 and one a list of credits4 ,the blank has a place for a daily record and a report for several weeks4 ,rules governing ,home ,work #a4 ,no pupil is obliged to enter the contest4 #b4 ,parent must sign statement of work done by pupil4 #c4 ,contest closes when school term closes4 #d4 ,unexcused absence forfeits all credits4 ,unexcused tardiness forfeits #be per cent of credits per month4 ,less than #ij per cent deportment1 #bj per cent of all credits forfeited4 #e4 ,suggested awards3 ,names of the six highest at the close of school will be published in a county paper4 ,three highest at the close of school to be offered prize by the ,school ,board or some citizen4 ,five per cent credit to be added to final examination results of all pupils who enter and continue in the contest4 ,urge the hearty coperation of the parents4 ,illustration3 ,record of ,home ,credit ,work ,month beginning 444444444444444444444444 ,ending4444444444444444 444444444444444444444 ,school 4444444444444444444444 ,county ,pupils or parents will fill in the following blanks each day and return to the teacher each month signed by the parent4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,m4,t4,w4,t4,f4,m4,t4,w4,t4,f4,m4,t4,w4, t4,f4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,rising morning without being called #ajm4 ,building fire in morning #ajm4 ,milking #ajm4 ,cleaning barn #ajm4 ,cleaning each horse #em4 ,feeding pigs #em4 ,feeding horses #em4 ,feeding chickens #em4 ,feeding cows #em4 ,bringing fuel for the day #ajm4 ,getting breakfast #cjm4 ,washing and wiping dishes #aem4 ,sweeping floor #em4 ,scrubbing floor #aem4 ,making beds #em4 ,making and baking bread #dem4 ,dusting a room #ajm4 ,caring for younger children full time ,washing and ironing school clothes #fjm4 ,bathing #bjm4 ,cleaning teeth and finger nails #ajm4 ,bed at #i3jj p4m4 #em4 ,sleeping with window open #ajm4 ,total ---------------------------------------- --------------- 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444 ,signature of parent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,charleston1 ,washington1 ,superintendent ,h4 ,w4 ,elliott1 of the city schools1 put into successful operation1 in #aiac-ad1 a plan with several special features1 to which ,i am glad to call attention4 ,the plan comprises daily markings by the tally system1 monthly reports1 cash prizes to those showing the largest number of home credits1 and some reward to every pupil with credits above a certain specified number4 ,for the purpose of raising a fund to meet the cash prizes1 his school gave a play2 and an autumn fair1 in ,october1 was arranged for the distribution of the prizes for both school and home work4 ,the credit card is different from any other2 it seems to be the most simple of all the monthly systems4 ,illustration3 ,how to ,keep the ,credits in the ,home ,for every duty the child has done put down after the name of the duty the child has performed4 ,example3 ,cutting wood ,taking bath ,this is to indicate the number of times4 ,,all ,,that ,,are #e ,,credits ,,all ,,that ,,are #aj ,,credits ,canning jar of fruit44444444444 ,music practice 7#cj min474444444444 ,making and baking cake444444444 ,milking cow44444444444444444444444 ,making and baking pie4444444444 ,crocheting 7hour744444444444444444 ,sweeping room444444444444444444 ,cleaning basement44444444444444444 ,making bed444444444444444444444 ,making apron4444444444444444444444 ,setting table444444444444444444 ,keeping front yard clean4444444444 ,dusting furniture44444444444444 ,keeping back yard clean44444444444 ,making handkerchief444444444444 ,keeping sidewalk clean444444444444 ,making any other thing444444444 ,keeping alley clean444444444444444 ,keeping room ventilated44444444 ,keeping steps and porch clean44444 ,splitting kindling4444444444444 ,politeness to seniors4444444444444 ,cutting wood4444444444444444444 ,table etiquette4444444444444444444 ,bringing in fuel444444444444444 ,blacking stove44444444444444444 ,,all ,,that ,,are #ae ,,credits ,scrubbing room44444444444444444 ,running errands4444444444444444 ,up first and building fire44444444 ,taking care of birds44444444444 ,sprinkling lawn 7#a h47444444444444 ,washing teeth444444444444444444 ,clerking in store 7#a h474444444444 ,taking bath44444444444444444444 ,driving team 7#a h47444444444444444 ,in bed by nine44444444444444444 ,helping with freight 7#a h474444444 ,up by seven44444444444444444444 ,making and baking bread44444444444 ,helping others dress44444444444 ,attending ,sunday school44444444444 ,brushing clothes 7self744444444 ,attending ,church service4444444444 ,polishing shoes 7self7444444444 ,feeding cow or other animal4444 ,,all ,,that ,,are #cj ,,credits ,gathering eggs44444444444444444 ,at school with clean ,washing clothes 7#b h47444444444444 ,hands4444444444444444444444 ,ironing clothes 7#b h47444444444444 ,face44444444444444444444444 ,taking care of baby 7#b h4744444444 ,teeth4444444444444444444444 ,preparing meal 7family744444444444 ,nails4444444444444444444444 ,cleaning barn444444444444444444444 ,hair combed4444444444444444 ,cleaning henhouse44444444444444444 ,carrying papers4444444444444444444 ,,all ,,that ,,are #dj ,,credits ,making dress 7self7444444444444444 ,cutting half rick of wood444444444 ,spading up #djj sq4 ft4 garden44444 ,total444444444444444444444444 ,send in report on or before the #ajth of each month4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,elliott sent out a mimeographed sheet explaining the rules to be observed in the contest1 giving a list of the credits1 and also a list of the articles to be exhibited at the fair4 ,the rules1 and the list of articles are given here4 ,rules ,all boys and girls now in one of the eight grades of the ,charleston public schools1 ,district ,no4 #cd1 may enter in one of the four classes2 ,d1 first grade2 ,c1 #b;d and #c;d2 ,b1 #dth and #eth2 ,a1 #fth1 #gth1 and #hth4 ,home credits for each month must be reported to the school for record on or before the #ajth of each month4 ,records to be confidential4 ,we hope that every home will enter into this1 and that the parent will be very careful and conscientious in the marking4 ,credits to be kept by parents4 ,a ,list of ,articles to be exhibited ,for ,school ,fair ,exhibit--,to be determined by ,judges ,household ,economics-- #a4 ,domestic ,science3 ,best loaf of bread1 cake1 pie1 dozen cookies1 dozen doughnuts4 #b4 ,domestic ,art3 ,best made plain dress1 plain apron1 shirt-waist1 sofa pillow1 handkerchief1 patchwork pillow1 darning or repairing specimen4 #c4 ,canning3 ,peas1 peaches1 apples1 pears1 cherries1 string beans4 ,agriculture-- ,best #e ears of corn1 #e potatoes1 #e selected apples1 #e carrots1 #e onions1 #e turnips1 squash1 pumpkin1 raised by pupil4 ,horticulture-- ,nasturtiums1 pansies1 sweet peas1 each #aj sprays2 asters1 dahlias1 chrysanthemums1 each #e sprays--raised by pupil4 ,best #e roses cared for by pupil4 ,poultry-- ,best cockerel1 or pullet1 or cockerel and pullet reared from a setting of #ae eggs4 ,manual ,training-- ,best mechanical drawing1 joined work1 tabouret1 small piece of furniture1 large piece of furniture1 basket1 bookbinding1 etc4 ,school ,work-- ,what teachers see fit to make it--drawing1 etc4 ,music-- ,best played selection on piano1 violin1 cornet1 or other instrument3 or orchestra or band3 solo singing or chorus4 ,in band or orchestra work pupils may be judged collectively or singly4 ,same judgment for all chorus work4 ,something more may be added later4 ,yours for a good fair1 ,,the ,,teachers4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,elliott1 ,city ,superintendent4 ,mr4 ,elliott writes3 ,i believe there is nothing that will link the home and school more closely than the system of credits4 ,there is one danger1 however1 of cultivating dishonesty on the part of the over-anxious one4 ,this we watch1 but this tendency is sometimes noticeable4 ,occasionally we find a youngster attending ,sunday school or church fifteen or twenty times a month4 ,examples of the scheme of a weekly record with monthly report are plans in operation in ,jackson ,county1 and in ,weston1 ,umatilla ,county1 ,oregon4 ,the rules and schedule following were published by ,mr4 ,j4 ,percy ,wells1 county superintendent of ,jackson ,county4 ,rules governing ,home ,credit ,work #a4 ,no pupil shall be required to enter the home credit contest1 and any pupil shall be free to quit the contest at any time1 but if any one quits without good cause1 all credits earned shall be forfeited4 #b4 ,once each month the parent or guardian shall send to the teacher1 with signature affixed1 an itemized statement containing a record of the work each child has done during the preceding month4 ,the child may make out the list1 but the parent or guardian must sign the same4 #c4 ,at the end of each school month the teacher shall enter on the pupil's report card the total number of credits for home work during the month1 as certified to by the parent or guardian4 #d4 ,any pupil who has earned at least two hundred credits for home work during any school month shall be entitled to have #aj per cent added to his grade in any subject1 or distributed among several subjects1 and #a per cent additional for each twenty additional credits up to four hundred credits4 #e4 ,all pupils who shall have earned four hundred credits or more during any month shall be entitled to a half-holiday1 and shall have their names entered on a roll of honor4 #f4 ,forfeitures--,dropping out of contest without cause1 all credits earned2 unexcused absence1 all credits due2 unexcused tardiness1 #be per cent off all credits due2 less than #ij per cent in deportment for any month1 #aj per cent off all credits due4 ,these rules may be modified by teachers to suit local conditions4 ,if the half-holiday system of awards is not satisfactory1 some other system may be substituted4 ,to parents and guardians3 ,in this plan for giving school credit for home work it is not the intention of the school to intrude upon the domain of the home1 but to coperate with the home in the interest of the boys and girls4 ,here is a splendid chance for the school and the home to come closer together1 and we believe both will be improved thereby4 ,illustration3 ,home ,credit ,schedule1 ,school ,district ,no4 #b ,jackson ,county1 ,oregon ,name of ,pupil1 ,goldie ,trefren4 ,age1 #aa4 ,grade1 #dth4 ,month ending ,march #bc1 #aiad ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,credits #ast #b;d #c;d #dth ,total weekweekweekweek ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,building fire #fa #g #f #g #g #bg ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,milking cow #a #ae #ae #ae #h #ec ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,splitting and carrying in wood 7#ab hours' supply7 #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,turning cream separator #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,grooming horse #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,gathering eggs #a #f #g #e #d #bb ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,feeding chickens1 pigs1 horse1 or cow #a #ab #ab #aa #ab #dg ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,churning or making butter #c ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,blacking stove #c ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,making and baking bread #aj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,making biscuits #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,preparing meal for family #f #b #b #b #b #h ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,washing and wiping dishes #d ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,sweeping floor1 each room #a #ab #ab #ab #ad #ej ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,dusting furniture1 each room #a #d #e #b #aa ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,scrubbing floor1 each room #d #b #b #b #b #h ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,making bed 7after school7 #a #b #b #a #a #f ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,washing1 starching1 and ironing own clothes1 worn to school each week #cj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,bathing1 each bath #d #d #d #d #d #af ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,arriving at school with clean hands1 face1 teeth1 nails1 and hair combed #b #e #e #e #e #bj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,practicing music at least #cj minutes #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,retiring on or before #i o'clock #a #g #g #g #g #bh ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,bathing and dressing baby #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,sleeping with windows open or with window-boards #b #g #g #g #g #bh ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,work not listed1 per hour #f #h #f #e #d #bc ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,total #cfd ,l4 ,s4 ,,trefren1 ,parent or ,guardian #f ,a task counting #a done each day1 gives seven credits for the week4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following letter1 dated ,april #bj1 #aiad1 is from ,mrs4 ,bertha ,mc,kinney1 of a district near ,ashland1 ,jackson ,county4 ,pupils of the first1 second1 and third grades1 who have earned two hundred credits in a month have a half-holiday4 ,those of the fourth1 fifth1 and sixth grades must have earned three hundred credits to entitle them to the half-holiday1 and of the seventh1 eighth1 and ninth grades1 four hundred credits4 ,when all have the required number of credits1 all have the half-holiday4 ,i have twenty pupils1 and all are doing the home credit work4 ,i keep the record of the credits earned in a notebook1 and place the number earned by each pupil on the monthly report card4 ,i think the plan a good one1 though in a few cases the parents are not careful enough with their part2 that is1 they sign the blank form1 then the child can put down any number he pleases4 ,i have had only one such case4 ,superintendent ,joel ,o4 ,davis1 of ,weston1 tells of the manner in which his school began to use home credits3-- ,the opportunity came in ,october of last year1 when an unexpected influx of pupils made it necessary for us to engage an extra teacher and adopt a departmental plan for the fifth to eighth grades inclusive4 ,this made it necessary for those grades to prepare two lessons at home1 thus making the required home reading a burden4 ,i at once offered these students the choice of reading the required books1 and writing the reviews1 or making the points by home work1 under the conditions as shown by the accompanying card4 ,nearly every child accepted the home work plan1 and went to work enthusiastically4 ,on the opposite page is one of the ,weston credit cards1 filled out by a pupil1 ,crete ,allen3-- ,home ,work ,record1 ,weston ,public ,school ,credits will be given for the performance of the following named duties when this card is returned1 at the end of the month1 properly signed by the parent or guardian4 ,these credits will be accepted in place of the home reading heretofore required1 at the rate of #ajj points for each book4 ,the parent must check the work each day as performed4 ,any evasion or falsification of the record will forfeit all claim to credit4 ,to obtain credit each duty must be performed by the child unaided by others1 and must be well and satisfactorily done4 ,no credit will be given for work that is paid for by the parent or others4 ,parents are requested to see that the above conditions are complied with and to encourage thoroughness and truthfulness by using care in recording so as to give no unearned credits4 ,make one mark1 and only one1 for each duty each day4#g #g ,all the marking is done by tallies1 thus3 ,the reproduction on page #acg permits only the use of figures1 to indicate the total tally marks4 ,illustration3 ---------------------------------------- ---------- #ast #b;d #c;d #dth ,total week week week week ---------------------------------------- ---------- #a4 ,carrying wood #a 444 444 #a #b #b4 ,feeding horse 444 444 444 444 444 #c4 ,feeding cow #ad #ad #ad #ad #ef #d4 ,feeding pigs #e #c #ad #ad #cf #e4 ,feeding chickens 444 444 #a #c #d #f4 ,milking cow #db #ef #dc #ej #afj #g4 ,cleaning stable #g #c #f #f #bb #h4 ,washing dishes #a 444 444 444 #a #i4 ,drying dishes #b #a 444 444 #c #aj4 ,making bed 444 #b 444 #b #d #aa4 ,sweeping room #c 444 444 #e #h #ab4 ,setting table #h #e #d #b #ai #ac4 ,clearing table #a #a 444 #a #c #ad4 ,tidiness #g #g #e #f #be #ae4 ,brushing teeth #e #b #b #d #ac #af4 ,cleaning nails #f #b #b #d #ad ------------------------- ,total 444 444 444 444 #cgj ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,no4 #ad includes general tidiness1 hanging hat and coat1 putting away clothes1 shoes1 stockings1 etc41 and will be given more credit than any other one duty4 ,parents should use care in marking this number1 as the aim is to inculcate habits of neatness and thoughtful consideration of others4 ,this end can easily be defeated by careless or unfair marking4 ,i hereby certify that the above record is true and correct4 ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,allen 7,parent or ,guardian47 99 99 99 99 99 ,at the close of a later letter ,mr4 ,davis wrote3-- ,from my experience with this experiment ,i feel that the plan is worth all it costs and more1 that it should be extended to include all the grades1 that modifications to meet the needs of different communities can easily be made1 and that the pupils and patrons of any district will appreciate and support some such plan if it is carried out faithfully4 ,i kept a ledger account with every child1 and at the end of the month posted a bulletin exhibiting the condition of each pupil's account4 ,the interest was shown by the manner in which they gathered about the board and compared their credits4 ,some of the comments upon some lazy boy's or girl's lack of effort were rather caustic1 but served as effective spurs to the delinquent4 ,in ,pend ,oreille ,county1 ,washington1 six weeks is the unit of time for credit records4 ,miss ,hester ,c4 ,soules1 the ,county ,superintendent1 has issued the following circular3-- ,,the ,,home ,,we ,,work ,,together ,,the ,,school ,,school ,,credit ,,for ,,home ,,work ,in order that the school and home may unite forces1 that the school may help in establishing habits of home-making1 and that our boys and girls may be taught that their parents are their best friends and need their help1 the following system of credits has been devised for use in the schools of ,pend ,oreille ,county4 ,certificate of ,promotion with ,distinction ,any pupil who has completed the work of his grade in a satisfactory manner is entitled to ,,promotion ,,with ,,credit to the next higher grade1 provided he obtains #cjj points for ,home ,work4 ,he is entitled to ,,promotion ,,with ,,honor if he earns #ejj points4 ,six weeks' faithful and regular performance of the home duties listed below will entitle the pupil to credit as indicated4 ,points #a4 ,sawing1 splitting1 and carrying in wood and kindling #be #b4 ,building fires or tending furnace #bj #c4 ,caring for horse or cow and doing other barn chores #ae #d4 ,caring for poultry and gathering eggs #aj #e4 ,working in the school or home garden1 or on the farm #bj #f4 ,delivering milk or carrying water #bj #g4 ,running errands cheerfully #aj #h4 ,doing without being told #bj #i4 ,mowing the lawn #bj #aj4 ,feeding pigs #aj #aa4 ,making a bird-house and feeding the birds #bj #ab4 ,making useful piece of woodwork for the home #be #ac4 ,cleaning barn #bj #ad4 ,churning #ae #ae4 ,turning ,cream ,separator #aj #af4 ,retiring at nine o'clock or before #aj #ag4 ,bathing at least twice each week #ae #ah4 ,sleeping in fresh air #ae #ai4 ,getting up in the morning without being called #aj #bj4 ,preparing one meal alone daily for the family #be #ba4 ,blacking stove #aj #bb4 ,helping with the breakfast1 and with the dishes after breakfast #ae #bc4 ,preparing smaller children for school #aj #bd4 ,not being tardy #aj #be4 ,cleaning teeth daily #bj #bf4 ,making own graduating dress--,eighth ,grade #cj #bg4 ,writing weekly letter to some absent relative--,grandmother preferred #bj #bh4 ,reading and reporting on one approved library book #bj #bi4 ,reading aloud fifteen minutes or longer each night to some member or members of the family circle #bj #cj4 ,practicing music lesson thirty minutes daily #be #ca4 ,building fence1 #aj rods #bj ,fence may be built at intervals during any one period of six weeks4 #cb4 ,clearing #a_/d ,acre of land #cj ,land may be cleared any time during the school year and at different times provided the #a_/d ,a4 is completed before school closes4 #cc4 ,care of younger children #bj #cd4 ,raising one fourth acre of vegetables #bj #ce4 ,taking sole care of plants and flowers #ae #cf4 ,sweeping floor and dusting furniture #aj #cg4 ,making beds #aj #ch4 ,mopping and caring for kitchen #aj #ci4 ,scouring and cleaning bath tub and lavatory #ae #dj4 ,helping with the washing #bj #da4 ,sprinkling and ironing clothes #be #db4 ,making and baking bread1 biscuits or cake4 ,exhibit #be #dc4 ,setting table and serving #ae #dd4 ,helping cook supper and helping do the dishes after supper #bj #de4 ,doing own mending #bj #df4 ,learning to knit or crochet #ae #dg4 ,raising six varieties of flowers #ae #dh4 ,making piece of hand-work for the home #be ---- ,total #hdj ,certificate of ,promotion with ,distinction ---- having completed the work of the ---- ,grade in the ,pend ,oreille ,county ,schools1 in a satisfactory manner1 and having earned ---- points in our ,home and ,outside ,industrial ,work ,plan1 is hereby promoted to the ---- ,grade with ---- ---- and is commended for ,industry1 ,fidelity to ,home and ,cheerful ,helpfulness4 ,given at ,newport1 ,washington1 this ---- day of ----1 #aia 4 --------------------- ----------------- ,superintendent4 ,teacher4 ,the city of ,los ,angeles1 ,california1 uses a plan of marking home work on the report card and giving no other incentive4 ,notice that a certain number of minutes daily for ten weeks is the unit1 and that the number of minutes varies according to the age of the child4 ,observe the emphasis on care of yards and streets1 also on care of little brothers and sisters4 ,report of ,committee on ,home ,credits1 ,los ,angeles ,schools ,the ,committee on ,home ,credits makes these recommendations3-- #a4 ,that the ,home ,credits be not used as a substitute for other work1 and also that they be not applied to increase the grade of other subjects except as any work well done necessarily improves all work of the child4 #b4 ,that the words ,home ,credit be written on the new cards just published1 and that in the future these words be printed as a regular part of the card1 with space for inserting the number of credits4 #c4 ,that in the several grades the following constitute one credit3-- 7a7 ,first and second grades1 #aj minutes of daily work for #aj weeks4 7b7 ,third and fourth grades1 #ae minutes of daily work for #aj weeks4 7c7 ,fifth1 sixth1 seventh1 and eighth grades1 #bj minutes of daily work for #aj weeks1 and that multiples of such work in #aj1 #ae1 #bj minutes be allowed so that a child may earn several credits each ten weeks4 #d4 ,that the following subjects be selected for the initial trial of the plan3-- #a4 ,taking care of the baby4 #b4 ,bathing baby4 #c4 ,washing or wiping dishes4 #d4 ,washing or ironing clothes4 #e4 ,washing windows4 #f4 ,scrubbing floor4 #g4 ,sweeping floor4 #h4 ,setting table4 #i4 ,dusting and putting room in order4 #aj4 ,sweeping or cleaning yard4 #aa4 ,sweeping sidewalk4 #ab4 ,cleaning street in front of home4 #ac4 ,care of garbage can4 #ad4 ,getting meals4 #ae4 ,making beds4 #af4 ,mending clothes4 #ag4 ,making new or making over old clothes for family4 #ah4 ,working in shop or store4 #ai4 ,working in and caring for garden4 #bj4 ,running errands1 going to market1 store1 etc4 #ba4 ,driving delivery wagon4 #bb4 ,selling papers4 #bc4 ,taking little brothers and sisters to school1 clean and on time4 #bd4 ,clean hands1 faces1 clothes4 #be4 ,clean heads4 #bf4 ,raising poultry or rabbits4 #bg4 ,any other outside work peculiar to particular district if approved by ,supervising ,superintendent4 ,,weekly ,,records1 ,,three ,,or ,,more ,,months' ,,reports ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,simmonds1 superintendent of city schools1 ,lewiston1 ,idaho1 has instituted a plan for daily and weekly records with a report for three months1 which he writes is working out most successfully4 ,the statement of his particular scheme which he gives in his home credit record folder is accompanied by an excellent presentation of the nature and scope of the home credit plan in general3-- ,a ,plan for ,school and ,home ,coperation ,one of the vital problems of school administration to-day is that of securing closer coperation between school and home life4 ,when the child learns that education is living and working the best way he has made considerable progress on the educational road4 ,our school curriculum should encourage this wholesome attitude toward the everyday tasks4 ,children must have time for real play and plenty of it1 but let us not forget that real work is also a part of the child's rightful heritage1 and that when rightly directed1 children like to work--they are eager to take part in some of the real activities of life4 ,however1 they must not be permitted to attempt too much--a reasonable amount of work well done regularly and suited to the child's age and ability is what is desired4 ,filling out this card is optional with the parent1 no grade on the quality of the work done by the child is asked for1 merely the approximate time regularly devoted to that task4 ,note the time2 one half-hour1 one hour1 two hours1 etc41 in the proper column on this card4 ,your filling out and signing this card will assure us that the work was well done1 regularly and satisfactorily4 ,the work may include any one or more of the multitude of home tasks1 or any work done regularly1 as sewing1 ironing1 washing dishes1 preparing meals1 baking1 cutting kindling1 gardening1 milking1 caring for poultry1 feeding stock1 making beds1 music lessons1 tending furnace1 etc4 ,some tasks occur daily 7others weekly1 as regular ,saturday chores1 music lessons and the like74 ,nothing less than a half-hour is to be recognized1 though two or more tasks may be grouped to make a half-hour daily or weekly4 ,the average child will be anxious to figure his home service in the large2 but a reasonably conservative statement of account will have a greater disciplinary value1 and will make for efficiency4 ,the unit of home credit will be one half-hour's daily work throughout the month4 ,time spent on regular weekly tasks will be adjusted by the teacher to this basis4 ,if the work in quantity1 quality and regularity is deemed worthy1 the teacher will credit the pupil with the number of home credits earned1 which will be added to the pupil's standing at the end of the semester in determining promotion4 ,each unit of credit in home work will have the effect of raising a monthly grade in some subject one step as from poor to fair1 or fair to good1 etc4 ,by means of home credits1 a pupil has an opportunity to raise his promotion standing to ,promoted with ,honor1 or ,promoted with ,highest ,honors as the case may be1 if he should lack a point or two1 and have earned enough home credits to offset this4 ,in the ,borough of the ,bronx in ,new ,york ,city1 ,mr4 ,frederick ,j4 ,reilly began to give school credit for home work in the fall of #aiad4 ,he issues two cards of different colors1 one for the girls and one for the boys4 ,the cards are alike except for the words he and she4 ,notice that the cards are well planned for use in city homes4 ,at present they are used by the children of seventh and eighth grades4 ,mr4 ,reilly says1 ,the important thing is not the amount of credit the child receives in school1 but rather the amount of influence this may have upon the training of the child at home4 ,illustration3 ,,public ,,school #cc1 ,,the ,,bronx ,,frederick ,j4 ,,reilly1 ,principal ,home ,record of4444444444 ,class44444444 ,term1 #ai44444444 ,this record card is part of an effort to bring the home and the school closer together2 pupils will receive credit in school for the things they do at home4 ,parents are invited to answer any or all of these questions as they see fit1 leaving blank any that they prefer not to answer4 ,there is nothing compulsory about this3 children will not lose in class standing if the parents do not choose to fill out this card4 ,please return the card in the envelop1 sealed4 ,answer ,i to ,v1 ,yes or ,no #ast ,mo4#b;d ,mo4#c;d ,mo4#dth ,mo4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,i4 ,does he get ready for school on time1 without constant urging8 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,ii4 ,is he careful about having his hair1 neck1 hands1 shoes1 etc41 clean8 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,iii4 ,does he keep his books1 clothes1 etc41 in the places assigned for them8 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,iv4 ,does he prepare his school work at a regular time and without constant urging8 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,v4 ,does he go to bed regularly at a reasonable hour8 ,answer ,,vi to ,x more fully ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,vi4 ,is he willing and helpful in #ast ,mo4 little household duties8 ,what -------------------------------------- does he do regularly for which #b;d he deserves credit8 -------------------------------------- #c;d -------------------------------------- #dth ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,vii4 ,does he attend faithfully to #ast ,mo4 any extra lessons1 as music1 -------------------------------------- dancing1 gymnasium1 religious #b;d instruction1 etc48 ,if so1 what8 -------------------------------------- #c;d -------------------------------------- #dth ,mo ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,viii4 ,has he any hobby at which he #ast ,mo4 spends a considerable part of his -------------------------------------- time1 as music1 drawing1 #b;d photography1 electricity1 gardening1------------------------------ -------- collecting1 etc48 #c;d -------------------------------------- #dth ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,ix4 ,does he read much8 #ast ,mo4 ,what does he read8 -------------------------------------- #b;d -------------------------------------- #c;d -------------------------------------- #dth ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,x4 ,does he do anything else1 not #ast ,mo4 already mentioned1 for which he -------------------------------------- deserves credits8 #b;d -------------------------------------- #c;d -------------------------------------- #dth ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,signature ,,of ,,parent3 #ast ,mo4444444444444444444444444 #c;d ,mo4444444444444444444444444 #b;d ,mo4444444444444444444444444 #dth ,mo4444444444444444444444444 99 99 99 99 99 ,superintendent ,e4 ,b4 ,conklin1 of ,ontario1 ,malheur ,county1 in #aiab1 was the next in ,oregon after ,mr4 ,o',reilly to send a letter to parents1 and to arrange for giving credits on home work4 ,on page #adi are the inside pages of the folder that ,mr4 ,conklin devised2 it was the first of the printed home credit report cards4 ,notice the entries of manners1 of doing before told1 and of kindness to animals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,e4 ,g4 ,bailey1 superintendent of ,ontario1 #aiac-ad1 writes that they have been using home credits continuously there1 and that the system has proved to be a wonderful help4 ,it gets parents and teachers together as nothing else can1 and gives the superintendent a show4 ,the home work is to the teacher what the school work is to the parent4 ,the teacher is enabled to get an insight into the home life of the pupil1 which in turn enables her the better to deal with whatever situation may arise4 ,in the main the parents make an effort to let the teacher know what the pupils are doing at home4 ,we have very few failures from parents not doing their duty in this matter2 where they fail1 we refuse to send any report home4 ,since adopting the system our attendance has been better1 and the punctuality has been better2 in fact1 things have been greatly improved in every respect4 ,illustration3 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,e--,excellent4 ,g--,good4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,sewing and mending444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,bread-making444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,general cooking444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,setting and serving table44444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,washing and wiping dishes44444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,washing and ironing44444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,sweeping and making beds444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,mopping and care of kitchen444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,care of younger children444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,making fires444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,getting water1 coal1 kindling1 etc44 4444444444444444444444444 ,feeding stock or poultry444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,milking cows444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,barn or yard work4444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,garden or field work4444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,errands44444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,f--,fair4 ,p--,poor4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,cheerfulness1 kindness44444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,order and care of clothes44444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,cleanliness1 bathing1 etc44444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,table manners44444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,politeness44444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,keeping temper4444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,doing before told4444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,care of language44444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,at home--off streets4444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,courteous to parents4444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,kindness to animals44444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,care of playthings444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,home study44444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ,ambition to succeed44444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- 99 99 99 99 99 ,early in ,december1 #aiac1 a large meeting in the interest of social center work was held in ,roslyn1 ,washington4 ,at this meeting the city superintendent1 ,linden ,mc,cullough1 explained the school credit for home work idea4 ,he advised that a vote be taken as to whether the schools of that town should adopt the plan4 ,the vote showed that parents1 teachers1 and pupils were enthusiastic over the idea and eager to try it4 ,the ,woman's ,club of the city volunteered to assist in every possible way4 ,the following from letters from ,mr4 ,mc,cullough gives the result of the trial3-- ,seventy-five per cent of our seven hundred and fifty pupils are taking advantage of the scheme4 ,our truant officer says that every parent he has talked with has praised the plan1 for the reason that all the children do their chores with more spirit4 ,our police officers have noticed a falling-off in the number of children on the streets2 so much so that juvenile court cases are much fewer in number4 ,the teachers notice an improvement in school work along all lines4 ,one boy in the fourth grade who was disagreeably indifferent about his personal care now takes baths regularly1 and always brushes his hair1 and keeps his clothing clean and neat4 ,roslyn has a large number of foreign people4 ,teachers in the first three grades say that parents of foreign children do not grasp the idea very well1 but that older brothers and sisters explain its workings1 and attend to keeping tab on the reports of the little children4 ,on the next two pages is a copy of the ,roslyn folder4 ,notice the entries of mending1 cleaning yard1 putting away playthings1 work done for wages1 work in father's place of business1 home study 7school work71 and reading good books4 ,illustration3 ,home ,credit ,report ,card1 ,roslyn ,public ,schools ,name of ,pupil 444444 ,teacher 4444444 ,grade 444 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,first,second,third,fourth,fifth monthmonth monthmonth month ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,caring for cows444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,caring for chickens44444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,caring for horses4444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,caring for hogs444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,cleaning barn or yard444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,washing dishes4444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,sweeping4444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,washing and ironing44444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,running errands444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,caring for baby444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,washing face and hands44444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,combing hair444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,cleaning teeth4444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,going to bed at444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,arising at44444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,sewing444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,making beds4444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,peddling milk or papers4444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,scrubbing444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,knitting4444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,mending44444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,cleaning house4444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,cleaning yard44444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,putting away playthings4444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,baking444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,carrying kindling4444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,carrying coal44444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,making fires444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,splitting wood4444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,washing windows444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,work done for wages44444444444444 444444444444444444444444444 ,work1 father's place of business4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,caring for flowers444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444 ,shoveling snow4444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444 ,home study1 school work4444444444 4444444444444444444444444444 ,reading good books444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444 ,cooking44444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444 ,gardening444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444 ,practicing music lesson4444444444 4444444444444444444444444444 ,odd jobs4444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,wilbur1 ,washington1 a scheme providing for a credit report for the semester is in successful operation4 ,here ,superintendent ,e4 ,o4 ,mc,cormick carries on the plan by means of two report cards1 the one sent from the school to the home1 the other from the home to the school1 every six weeks4 ,the home card is reproduced below4 ,illustration3 ,report ,card from the ,home to the ,school ,for4444444444444444444444444444 ,name4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4 ,parent or ,guardian4 ,first ,semester ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,period #a #b #c ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,subjects ,average ,quality ,average,quality ,average,quality ,time of work1,time of work1,time of work1 ,answer yes or no ,spent ,good1 ,spent ,good1 ,spent ,good1 ,daily ,fair1 ,daily ,fair1 ,daily ,fair1 ,poor4 ,poor4 ,poor4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,sleeping with open window 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 ,keeping temper 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 ,washing teeth 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 ,time in recreation 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 ,off streets 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,this report sent to the teacher when the report card is returned to the school will help raise the standing of your child in its school work4 ,e4 ,o4 ,,mccormick1 ,supt4 ,the following subjects are of a suggestive nature2 you may use as many as may be applicable to your child4 ,others not listed may be used4 ,write in the blank spaces on the front of this card those subjects under your observation4 ,sawing wood4 ,washing dishes4 ,care of house4 ,care of cows4 ,making beds4 ,sweeping4 ,ironing4 ,in bed by nine 7yes or no74 ,building fire in mornings4 ,care of chickens4 ,churning4 ,making bread1 biscuits1 etc4 ,preparing meals for family4 ,blacking the stove4 ,any work or interest in home as shown by the child should be noted on the front of the card1 under the list of subjects4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,sterling1 of ,clarke ,county1 ,washington1 was one of the first county superintendents to get out a card suitable for use throughout her schools4 ,she strongly urged the teachers of her county to try the plan1 and in #aiad eighty-five teachers were operating it4 ,this card provides a record for the whole school year1 with a general average for the nine months4 ,to secure credit the pupil is required to average eight hours per week1 or thirty-two hours per month1 at real honest1 helpful labor that relieves the father and mother of that amount of work4 ,this done1 the teacher is to add three credits to the average gained by the pupil at the school during the month of his or her studies4 ,additional credits are to be given for more than thirty-two hours per month at the rate of one credit for every ten hours' work4 ,the parent or guardian is cautioned to keep track of the number of hours that the boy or girl actually spends per week at any of the kinds of work named on the credit report card1 or any other real work that is not there listed4 ,the printed list comprises3-- ,milking4 ,churning4 ,turning separator4 ,caring for horses4 ,caring for cows4 ,caring for pigs4 ,caring for poultry4 ,cleaning barn4 ,splitting wood4 ,carrying in wood4 ,gardening4 ,cooking4 ,baking4 ,washing4 ,ironing4 ,sweeping4 ,dusting4 ,sewing4 ,running errands4 ,making beds4 ,washing dishes4 ,building fires4 ,caring for little children4 ,,ii ,,home ,,credit ,,in ,,high ,,schools ,several high schools have sent us reports of their plans for giving credit for work outside of school4 ,some of these schools use plans that differ considerably from those of the elementary schools where the movement began2 they lay emphasis on improvement in work1 and to this end they require that all the work be supervised by the teachers of home economics1 agriculture1 commerce1 or manual training4 ,other high schools try to encourage the habit of industry1 no matter what the kind of work1 and offer credit for such tasks as running errands1 delivering groceries1 or carrying a paper route4 ,in my opinion both ideas are good2 there is no end to the possibilities of developing skill in home work under the instruction of one who really knows how to do it1 and there is also great value in the encouragement of faithful industry in routine tasks4 ,illustration3 ,,auburn1 ,,washington1 ,,high ,,school ,,boys ,,in ,,railroad ,,shops ,this is good school equipment4 ,it cost #bjj1jjj ,descriptions of parts of the work of a few high schools are given here4 ,in the ,high ,school of ,santa ,monica1 ,california1 two credits for home work are allowed out of the total of sixteen required for graduation1 and pupils with a certain average standing who earn eighteen credits1 two of them for home work1 may graduate cum laude4 ,below is given a list of tasks for which school credit will be allowed3-- ,one-half credit per year3-- ,regular music lessons1 instrumental or vocal1 under a competent instructor4 ,making own clothes for school4 ,doing family darning and mending4 ,preparing one meal a day for a year4 ,carrying paper route4 ,one-half credit for half-time for a year1 or for full time for summer vacation3-- ,clerking in store1 bank1 or office4 ,cement work1 or work in any local trades or industries4 ,regular work on a farm4 ,one-half credit3-- ,raising one-fourth acre of potatoes1 melons1 onions1 strawberries1 or similar products4 ,employment in a dressmaking or millinery establishment for summer vacation4 ,one-fourth credit per year each3-- ,sleeping for one year in the open air4 ,retiring at #aj ,p4,m4 five days per week for one year4 ,taking a cold bath every morning five times per week on an average for one year4 ,walking three miles per day for a year4 ,credit will be given for the following according to the amount of work3-- ,public speaking or reciting4 ,reading aloud to family or to invalids4 ,horticulture4 ,gardening4 ,poultry-raising4 ,bee-culture4 ,taking care of cows or other animals4 ,general dairy work4 ,sewing for the family4 ,doing the family laundry4 ,house-cleaning1 bed-making1 dish-washing1 or any other useful work about the house4 ,getting younger children ready for school every day4 ,caring for a baby4 ,nursing the sick4 ,making a canoe or boat4 ,taking full care of an automobile4 ,perfecting any mechanical contrivance for saving labor about the home4 ,recognizing and describing twenty different native birds1 trees or flowers4 ,summer vacation travel with written description4 ,playing golf or tennis4 ,sea-bathing and swimming4 ,keeping a systematic savings bank account1 with regular weekly or monthly deposits4 ,keeping a set of books for father or some merchant4 ,doing correspondence for father or other business man4 ,running errands4 ,delivering groceries4 ,singing in church choir4 ,teaching in ,sunday school4 ,carpentry work4 ,cabinet-making1 furniture construction4 ,working as forest ranger4 ,illustration3 ,,santa ,,monica ,,high ,,school ,date 444444444444444444444444 #aia4444 ,i hereby declare my intention of earning 444444 credits for home or outside work by doing 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444444444444 ,signature of ,pupil 4444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,i approve of the above and agree to observe and certify to the quantity and quality of work performed4 ,signature of ,parent 444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,i hereby certify that 444444444444444444444444 has faithfully performed the above work1 spending on the average 444444 minutes per day for 4444444 days and is in my judgment entitled to 444444 credits4 ,signature of ,parent or ,employer 4444444444444444444444444444444444 ,credits granted 444444444444444 ,prin44444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the ,high ,school at ,st4 ,cloud1 ,minnesota1 great attention is paid to vacation work as well as to work done during the school year4 ,at the beginning of the fall term the following questionnaire is sent to high school pupils1 and to elementary pupils above the fourth grade3 ,vacation ,report--,grades ,five to ,twelve ,school4 ,,note--,teachers are requested to have pupils fill out this blank carefully4 ,it is very important4 ,explain each question4 ,caution children not to over- or under-estimate4 #a4 ,name 4444444444444 ,age 4444444444444 ,grade or ,class 4444444444444444 #b4 ,did you help at home during the summer vacation8 44444444444444444444 #c4 ,did you take music lessons8 44444 ,travel8 44444 ,attend ,summer ,school8 #d4 ,did you do any work along the line of agriculture1 horticulture1 gardening1 bee-culture or poultry-raising8 ,if so1 what8 4444444444444 44444444 ,estimate carefully the net profit 4444444444444444444 44444 #e4 ,did you have a flower garden8 44444444444444 ,name six or more of the leading flowers that you raised4 444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444444 #f4 ,name wild flowers1 birds1 or trees you have observed this summer4 ,flowers 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444 ,birds 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444 ,trees 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444 #g4 ,what pieces of hand-work1 if any1 did you do during vacation8 ,wearing apparel 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444 ,household art 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444 ,wood 4444444444444444444444444 ,iron4444444444444444444444444444444444 ,cement 44444444444444 ,give estimated value of such hand-work 4444444 #h4 ,what electrical contrivance or other home accessory did you make to save your mother work8 44444444444444444444444444444444444444 #i4 ,which of the following home tasks did you do this summer8 ,prepare one meal alone daily8 444444 ,bake the bread8 4444444444444444 ,bake a cake8 44444444444444444444444 ,make the beds8 44444444444444444 ,do the washing8 44444444444444444444 ,do the ironing8 4444444444444444 #aj4 ,are you sleeping in the open air or with open window8 444444444444444 #aa4 ,can you swim #cjj feet or more8 44444 ,did you learn this summer8 44444 #ab4 ,were you employed elsewhere than at home8 444444444444444444444444444 #ac4 ,state kind of work done 444444444444 ,employer 44444444444444444444444 #ad4 ,number of weeks employed 44444444444 ,amount earned per week4 4444444 #ae4 ,total amount of cash earned during vacation4 4444444 #af4 ,fair estimate of the value of your home work4 4444444 #ag4 ,total cash value of your summer work 7items #ae and #af74 4444444 #ah4 ,have you a savings bank account8 444 ,amount of your deposit4 4444444 ,principals ascertain amount of deposit for lower grades4 4444444 ,the financial results of this vacation work are summarized as follows3-- ,total ,deposit ,cash ,home ,work ,earnings in ,bank ,high ,school #f1cic4ja #agdd4de #hacg4dd #bgic4cf ,total for city #af1dbb4jj #cfff4ae #ieei4be #cadd4ib ,highest individual earnings -- ,high ,school #bfj4jj -- ,grades #bjj4jj ,average -- ,high ,school #gf4jj ,highest deposit -- #cjj4jj -- ,grades #ejj4jj ,pupils may graduate with honor from the ,st4 ,cloud ,high ,school by attaining certain standings and by offering two credits for home or continuation work4 ,one of the sixteen credits required for regular graduation may be a credit for home or continuation work4 ,the list of credits is divided into two parts1 outside work and home work4 ,among the many outside activities mentioned in the ,st4 ,cloud list1 we find3-- ,literary society work1 or rhetoricals1 debate1 public speaking1 or expressive reading1 one-fourth unit per year4 ,granite or paving-block cutting1 or work in any of the local trades1 shops1 factories1 or industries1 one-fourth unit for each summer vacation4 ,steady work on a farm1 followed by a satisfactory essay on some agricultural subject1 one-fourth unit for three months4 ,raising one-fourth of an acre of onions1 tomatoes1 strawberries1 or celery1 one acre of potatoes1 two acres of pop corn1 five acres of corn or alfalfa1 one-fourth unit4 ,running a split road drag or doing other forms of road-building for three months1 one-fourth unit4 ,judging1 with a degree of accuracy1 the different types of horses1 cattle1 and hogs1 one-fourth unit4 ,see ,minnesota ,first trip under approved instructor1 with essay1 one-fourth unit4 ,among the home tasks are mentioned3-- ,shingling or painting the house or barn4 ,making a canoe or boat4 ,swimming #cjj feet at one continuous performance4 ,cooking meat and eggs three ways and making three kinds of cake4 ,exhibit4 ,doing the laundry work weekly for three months4 ,recognizing and describing twenty different native birds1 trees1 and flowers4 ,the ,ames1 ,iowa1 ,high ,school course outlines out-of-school work in three departments3 agriculture1 manual training1 and home economics4 ,i quote from the home economics prospectus3-- ,unless the work is 444 made to connect with the work in the home it loses much of its vitality4 ,our aim is to relate the home and the school and permit each to contribute its share in making the work vital1 really worth while4 ,the girl 444 may carry into the home some new ways of working1 and there will be an exchange of ideas between mother and daughter as to hows and whys 444 that will result beneficially to both4 ,as the girl carries these ideas and discoveries back into the school we shall be able to know better the needs of home and social life1 and hence so plan our work that it may carry over into her out-of-school life4 ,a total of two credits to apply on graduation may be earned in home economics at the ,ames ,high ,school4 ,three hundred points equal one credit4 ,two hundred points each are offered for cookery1 general housework and sewing4 ,cooking is to be done for the family at home1 and whenever possible a sample brought to the school for examination1 together with the recipes giving itemized cost1 and a signed statement that the entire work was done by the girl herself4 ,a list of things to be cooked is given3 ten dishes are required1 the other five are to be chosen from the list4 ,the list for the first year follows2 dishes required are marked with a star and receive seven points credit1 the others receive six points4 ,some fresh vegetable cooked and served in a white sauce4 ,potatoes in some form4 ,tapioca4 ,rice4 ,macaroni4 ,muffins4 99,baking powder biscuit4 99,plain cake1 with or without frosting4 99,drop cookies4 99,rolled cookies4 99,pastry4 99,gelatin with soft custard4 ,cottage cheese4 ,scalloped dish4 ,custard1 or some kind of custard pudding 7bread1 rice1 tapioca74 ,steamed brown bread4 99,prune whip4 ,marguerites4 ,one of these required2 either may be chosen4 ,fondant candies4 ,salad with cooked or ,french dressing4 99,sandwiches--three kinds of filling4 99,bread4 99,baked beans4 ,general housework includes making girl's own bed each day2 daily and weekly care of bedroom1 helping with general housework one-half hour each day and one hour on ,saturdays 7sweeping1 dusting1 ironing1 washing dishes1 washing windows1 etc474 ,the total credit for this is #ab-a_/b points for one month4 ,in the course in sewing1 the home work is brought to school for examination and grading4 ,the list for second year sewing follows3-- ,one-third credit--#ajj points1 open to girls who are taking1 or who have completed second year sewing4 ,princess slip #ej points4 ,house dress #ge ,shirt waist #ej ,woolen skirt #ge ,made-over dress #ge ,nice dress #ajj ,the ,high ,school at ,north ,yakima1 ,washington1 gives credit for work in music under approved teachers2 for practice-teaching 7coaching7 by normal students in the grades2 and for work in agriculture4 ,the summer work in agriculture is planned before the close of the school in the spring4 ,each pupil informs the instructor in agriculture as to the kind of work he intends to do4 ,the instructor visits each pupil several times during the summer1 discussing methods of work1 results1 etc41 with him and his employer1 and designating pamphlets1 bulletins1 and magazine articles for him to read4 ,in #aiad1 fifty-four pupils applied for credit for work in agriculture4 ,rules for ,summer ,agricultural ,work in ,north ,yakima1 ,washington #a4 ,students may earn one credit in agriculture toward graduation by work completed outside of school during the vacation period4 #b4 ,at least #bej hours of work must be completed before any credit will be given4 #c4 ,complete records and systematic reports kept by the applicant1 giving all information required1 and signed by the parent or employer1 shall be filed with the instructor in agriculture every two weeks4 #d4 ,applicants shall secure such information as a result of reading1 study1 and questioning experienced workers1 as may be necessary to convince the instructor in charge that the work has been of sufficient educational value to justify the granting of a credit4 #e4 ,pupils wishing to receive credit for this work shall make application for the privilege before beginning the work4 ,lists of reference books1 kinds and character of notebooks1 shall be designated by the instructor in agriculture4 #f4 ,an examination covering the work may be given by the school authorities4 #g4 ,work may be done along the following lines3 a4 ,vegetable gardening work2 keeping results of work done in complete form4 b4 ,feeding of stock1 poultry1 etc42 keeping records of foods used1 amounts and results obtained4 c4 ,thinning1 picking1 packing1 marketing1 cultivation and irrigation of fruits1 etc4 d4 ,eradication of blight1 other orchard diseases and pests2 complete records of attempts to reduce damage done by these causes4 e4 ,growing of cereal1 grass1 or forage crops4 f4 ,keeping records of dairy animals2 milk testing records for monthly periods4 g4 ,care of bees1 handling of honey1 etc42 complete records4 ,,appendix ,,kansas ,,agricultural ,,college ,,bulletin ,mr4 ,john ,c4 ,werner1 of the college extension division of the ,kansas ,state ,agricultural ,college1 wrote in #aiad a very valuable bulletin entitled ,school ,credit for ,home ,work1 the essential features of which are given4#h ,notice that he recommends that pupils furnish the reports themselves over their own signatures1 as putting them on their honor is considered valuable1 and in justice due them4 #h ,for other quotations from this bulletin1 see pages #df1 #ej1 and #ea4 ,in a letter ,mr4 ,werner says3 ,my idea of giving credit is to use the old laboratory method of requiring the student to do a reasonable amount of work in a reasonable length of time4 ,this allows for many of the variable factors that enter into the problem2 ,i think it is better than to give so many points of credit for each piece of work done4 ,in the first six grades of the elementary school1 where so much depends upon using the child's knowledge which he has gained from actual experiences about home1 and the environment with which he comes in contact which is really a part of himself1 we have the best basis for his further education4 ,in these grades it will be raising and not lowering our standards when we give credit for home work and add it to the school credits for passing grades4 ,all of the subjects of these grades should be so closely affiliated with the home life of the child as to warrant our doing this4 ,it is so important that the child be engaged in the actual doing of things that the perfect grade of #ajj per cent should be divided into two divisions3 7#a7 ,a maximum of #ij per cent for school work4 7#b7 ,a maximum of #aj per cent for home work when proper records and reports are kept4 ,in the seventh and eighth grades and in the high school1 work corresponding to the age and ability of the pupils should be introduced and made part of the laboratory work1 giving two fifths of a unit of credit4 ,here written reports of the operations performed should be worked out by the pupils and presented as class work4 ,classes should visit the dairy barns1 feeding pens1 gardens1 corn or grass fields1 orchards1 etc4 ,pupils should carry on considerable individual home work1 which should continue throughout the summer as well as winter season4 ,this credit should be counted in agriculture1 domestic arts and manual-training courses4 ,the various contests among the boys and girls1 that are conducted in all parts of the state1 certainly should be counted worthy of school credit4 ,these contests are directly or indirectly under the auspices of the ,agricultural ,college1 and numerous bulletins are sent to the contestants4 ,many children actually receive in these contests almost the equal of a year's course in school4 ,suggestive ,list of ,subjects for ,credit for ,home ,work #a4 ,agriculture ,milking cows4 ,feeding horses4 ,cleaning cow barns4 ,cleaning horse barns4 ,feeding cows4 ,feeding sheep4 ,feeding beef cattle4 ,feeding hogs4 ,feeding poultry4 ,watering stock4 ,churning4 ,turning separator4 ,tending fires4 ,running errands4 ,digging potatoes4 ,hitching and unhitching horses4 ,beating rugs4 ,hauling feed4 ,pumping water4 ,cutting wood4 ,carrying in fuel4 ,getting the cows4 ,gathering eggs4 ,tending to the poultry house4 ,tending pig pen4 ,bedding of stock4 ,preparing kindling4 ,miscellaneous4 #b4 ,domestic ,arts ,preparing meals4 ,making biscuits4 ,baking bread4 ,baking cake4 ,baking pie4 ,washing clothes4 ,ironing clothes4 ,caring for baby4 ,overseeing home while mother is away4 ,scrubbing floor4 ,washing dishes4 ,wiping dishes4 ,making beds4 ,sweeping the house4 ,dusting rugs4 ,airing bedclothes4 ,ventilating bedroom4 ,dressing the baby4 ,canning fruit4 ,caring for milk4 ,sewing4 ,dusting furniture4 ,care of self4 ,making dress4 ,making apron4 ,care of teeth4 ,setting the table4 ,care of sick4 ,miscellaneous4 #c4 ,manual ,training ,making farm gate4 ,making peck crate4 ,making chair4 ,making clothes rack4 ,making pencil sharpener4 ,making ,t-square4 ,making towel roller4 ,making ruler4 ,making picture frame1 halved together joints1 end and center4 ,making mortise and tenon joint4 ,making bookrack4 ,miscellaneous4 ,making ax handle4 ,making hayrack4 ,making ironing board4 ,making cutting board4 ,making tool rack4 ,making staffboard liner4 ,making vine rack4 ,making sandpaper blocks4 ,making mail box4 ,open mortise and tenon joint 7end74 ,making halving joint1 or angle splice joint4 ,making feed hopper4 ,making whippletree4 ,making wood rack4 ,making bench hook4 ,making coat hanger4 ,making nail box4 ,making table4 ,making flower-pot stand4 ,making key board4 ,making pen tray4 ,making mortise and tenon joint 7center74 ,making dovetail joint4 ,making panel door4 ,making work bench4 #d4 ,home ,contests ,corn acre contest4 ,poultry and pig contest4 ,sewing contest4 ,potato plot contest4 ,tomato contest4 ,canning contest4 ,garden contest4 ,bread-baking contest4 ,miscellaneous4 ,plan for ,allowing ,credit ,it is absolutely essential in taking up this work that the teacher make a careful survey in her neighborhood of the kinds of home work that the pupils have opportunity to do4 ,the pupils should be put on their honor in reporting their work1 and the teacher must work out the amount of credit time the various items are to receive1 and from the pupils' reports grade the work4 ,a large number of items should be included and given their relative weight4 ,quality as well as quantity must be judged by the teacher4 ,this supplies a working basis for coperation between home and school4 ,besides the credits earned in the particular subjects of agriculture1 domestic arts and manual training1 where #baf hours will add two fifths of a unit1 other work may be given some additional credit up to say #aj per cent1 as physiology and geography4 ,it is also possible that subjects such as ,english and arithmetic may be so correlated as to be at least partially considered in connection with the agriculture1 domestic arts1 and manual training by the composition required and the problems furnished4 ,it is not expected that any boy or girl will enter all of the contests4 ,contests which require #baf hours' work should be given two fifths of a unit credit in the subject to which it belongs4 ,if the child in the contest is below the seventh grade1 the work should add to his entire school grade up to #aj per cent4 ,the fairness of this plan will appeal to the boys and girls1 for the girl or boy who has third1 fourth or fifth place in the contest deserves credit as well as the one who wins first place4 ,it is the object in the credit for home work both to recognize and give credit because of the educational value to the child of such work which he does with his hands1 and it is also hoped to develop the child into a better worker1 so that the work performed will be constantly of a higher order as the child grows older4 ,in other words1 we have a constantly changing variable as the child grows older as to the time necessary to do certain work1 and the proficiency with which the work is done4 ,speed in doing things is not the only consideration1 and yet all work should be done with reasonable dispatch4 ,in inaugurating this work it seems that the ordinary laboratory method for giving credit is quite as well adapted to home laboratory work as it is to school laboratory work4 ,if the perfect grade1 #ajj per cent in the elementary school in grades #a to #f1 inclusive1 be divided into two parts1 i4e41 a maximum of #ij per cent for school work and a maximum of #aj per cent for home work for all pupils who desire to do the home work1 then one tenth of the number of hours in the school year may be taken as the basis for credit4 ,counting the double period1 as should be done1 #baf hours or #f hours per week would be the required time for the nine-months' term of school to receive full credit4 ,the pupil would1 therefore1 need to work at home six hours per week4 ,this work should be scattered throughout the week as evenly as possible1 with the opportunity of doing not to exceed three hours' work in any one day1 as1 for example1 on ,saturday4 ,as in the laboratory system1 the pupils1 regardless of the overtime put in1 could only receive full credit for any year4 ,pupils who do not have the chance for home work will not be affected in their work1 as the usual method of grading will apply to them4 ,conditions must determine the time necessary for any given piece of work4 ,for example1 if one boy feeds a team of horses in ten minutes1 another in fifteen minutes1 another in five minutes1 and another in thirty minutes1 under similar conditions1 perhaps one boy is working too rapidly and another too slowly4 ,from such reports it seems that twelve to fifteen minutes should be allowed for feeding a team of horses4 ,the best and most profitable division of time for the home work would be about thirty minutes1 both morning and evening1 each day4 ,during these work periods different things should be done1 and during the year it is to be hoped that a large variety of different kinds of work may be included4 ,if the home is in sympathy with the child's work it can help very materially in setting tasks for the child that are of the most profitable nature4 ,reports to ,teachers ,the pupils should furnish the reports themselves over their own signatures for the home work4 ,putting them on their own honor is valuable and in justice is due them4 ,since results must be produced in most kinds of work1 the teacher can judge quite accurately as to the value of work4 ,illustration3 ,illustrative ,report ,card ,weekly report home work4 ,date44444444444444444444 ,elementary school4 ,pupil4444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,time spent each day4 --------------------------------------- ,work4 ,remarks4 ,m4 ,t4 ,w4 ,t4 ,f4 ,s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,feeding horses4 #a team1 twice each day #bj #bb #bj #ah #bj #bj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,cut wood #a_/b cord1 stove length #aej 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ 99 99 99 99 99 ,credit for seventh and eighth grades and high school grades should be allowed for efficient home work when properly reported as laboratory requirement in agriculture1 domestic arts and manual training4 ,in these grades all careful1 systematic work during the summer season1 as well as the regular school year1 such as corn acre1 garden1 potato plot1 tomato1 poultry1 pig1 canning1 sewing1 cooking1 and butter-making contests1 should be used for laboratory credit4 ,of course accurate records of the work must be made at the time the work is performed4 ,schools that have an agricultural teacher during the entire year will directly supervise this work4 ,in other schools the reports will be used as part of the next year's regular class work4 ,suitable report blanks should be used by the pupils and kept in laboratory notebook form4 ,the pupils of seventh1 eighth and high-school grades who do #baf hours of acceptable home work should be given two fifths of a unit of credit in the subjects of agriculture1 domestic arts1 or manual training4 ,here again the pupil should do some different kinds of work and make the experience somewhat varied4 ,in the home laboratory the teacher will determine a standard amount of work of any kind to be performed in a given time4 ,,california ,,report ,,on ,,outside ,,activities ,at the ,january1 #aiad1 meeting of the ,california ,teachers' ,association the following report on credit for work done outside of the school was submitted by ,mr4 ,hugh ,j4 ,baldwin3-- ,credit for ,work ,done ,outside of ,school ,fulfilling the wishes of this organization1 your committee sent communications to the heads of departments of large manufacturing and commercial interests1 to managers of railroads and educational institutions1 requesting information on lines of work upon which you wished a report4 ,not only were the circulars answered promptly1 but1 in many cases1 the answers were remarkable4 ,some of them suggested in definite language how outside activities might be made harmoniously supplemental to our regular school work1 better articulated therewith than had been planned4 99 99 99 99 99 ,many strong reasons were given2 one of the most potent was that the innovation would change the present attitude of the average person towards labor--in other words1 to dignify the labor of the land1 to honor and respect the woman who can prepare nourishing food in the kitchen or the man who can contribute to the world's wealth from his garden4 ,another strong thought from this compilation of opinions resulted in the contrast between the systems of ,american and ,german polytechnic or manual training education4 ,the ,german schools secure the coperation of the factories and shops and stores where there is particular industrial training given1 all without cost to state or municipality for the tuition4 ,on the other hand1 in the ,united ,states1 the only manual training that has been attempted by the school authorities has been at greater expense to the people4 ,in communities where there is no special educational industrial training the subject of this committee work is very important4 ,outside ,activities1 or credit on school reports for work done by school children at home1 has now a place in the course of study of ,san ,diego ,county4 ,the plan has passed from the experimental stage1 having been given a thorough tryout in all the schools4 ,from all parts of the county reports have come full of enthusiasm telling of the excellent working of the plan4 ,to be sure there are a few adverse reports4 ,we find that communities largely ,mexican in complexion evince little interest in the plan4 ,,index ,agriculture1 #ai1 #aca1 #aef1 #afb1 #afd1 #afe1 #afh4 ,alderman1 ,superintendent1 #ag4 ,algebra1 #h1 #i1 #bd1 #be1 #cd1 #ce4 ,algona1 ,wash41 #db1 #ajg1 #aaj4 ,ames1 ,iowa1 #afb-fd4 ,arithmetic1 #bg1 #cj1 #ca1 #dg1 #eh1 #fa4 ,ashland1 ,ore41 #ace4 ,auburn1 ,wash41 #bh1 #bi4 ,bailey1 ,e4 ,g41 #adh4 ,baldwin1 ,hugh ,j41 #agd4 ,banks and banking1 #ac4 ,banner1 school1 #ac1 #ad4 ,bathing1 #da1 #db1 #ea1 #ajg1 #abe4 ,belknap1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,h41 letters1 #dh1 #di1 #fi1 #gj4 ,bellingham1 ,wash41 #ajd4 ,benton ,county1 ,ore41 #f4 ,blanks1 home credit4 ,see ,cards4 ,bread-making1 #h1 #aj1 #fe4 ,bulletin for teachers1 ,spokane ,county1 ,ore41 #hi1 #ij4 ,burns1 ,miss ,veva1 #abd4 ,burnt ,ridge1 ,wash41 #hd1 #he4 ,cake-making1 #bb1 #ib4 ,calavan1 ,c4 ,c41 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,california ,report on ,outside ,activities1 #agd1 #age4 ,canning1 #acj4 ,cards1 home record1 #ga-agb4 ,care of language1 #da4 ,certificate of ,promotion with ,distinction1 #ach-da4 ,charleston1 ,wash41 #abh1 #acj4 ,cheerfulness1 #da4 ,cheney1 ,wash41 #ib4 ,chores1 #ag1 #cf1 #abj1 #aba1 #aea4 ,church attendance1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #acb4 ,clackamas ,county1 ,ore41 #ad1 #cb1 #aed4 ,claxton1 ,mr41 ,commissioner of ,education1 #f4 ,cleaning yard1 #aea4 ,cleanliness1 #aa4 ,commerce1 #aef4 ,conklin1 ,superintendent ,e4 ,b41 #f1 #adh4 ,consolidation of schools1 #be4 ,contests1 rules of1 #gc-hj1 #hc1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #aac1 #aad1 #abf1 #acj-cc2 for summer agricultural work1 #afe1 #aff4 ,see ,prizes4 ,cooking1 #h1 #aj1 #cd1 #dh1 #aah1 #afc4 ,coperation1 of parents and teachers1 #ci1 #df-dh2 plan for school and home1 #adc-de4 ,courtesy to parents1 #da4 ,cowlitz ,county1 ,wash41 #ajb4 ,credit for home work1 system of1 author's article on1 #c-f2 the case of ,mary1 #g-aj2 in ,o',reilly's school1 #aa-bc2 revitalizing effect of1 #be-cc2 honors labor1 #cd-ch2 illustrative cards of1 #ga-aee2 in high schools1 #aef-ff4 ,credits1 prizes for1 #aa-ac1 #ai-bb1 #cb1 #cg1 #hh1 #ij1 #ig1 #abd1 #abh4 ,credit-vouchers4 ,see ,vouchers4 ,crook ,county1 ,ore41 #f4 ,daily reports1 #gc-agb4 ,dallas1 ,ore41 #abe4 ,davis1 ,superintendent ,joel ,o41 #ace1 #acf4 ,dish-washing1 #i1 #cd1 #aah4 ,doing before told1 #da1 #adh4 ,domestic arts1 #dh1 #ea1 #acj1 #afi4 ,domestic science1 #bb1 #di1 #ej1 #acj4 ,drawing1 #cf1 #cg4 ,dudley1 ,w4 ,e41 #cj4 ,dunlap1 ,oscar ,l41 #hh4 ,dykstra1 ,r4 ,g41 #abj4 ,elliott1 ,superintendent ,h4 ,w41 #abh1 #acj1 #aca4 ,eugene1 ,ore41 ,high ,school1 #dg4 ,eveline1 ,wash41 #if4 ,fairs1 school1 #ai-bb1 #abh1 #acj4 ,farm labors1 #bh1 #cj-cb1 #eb4 ,feeding the poultry1 #db4 ,fitchburg1 ,mass41 #cj4 ,forfeitures1 #gi1 #hj4 ,garage work1 #bh1 #bi4 ,gary1 ,t4 ,j41 article by1 on ,o',reilly's school1 #ad-ah4 ,general housework1 #afc1 #afd4 ,geometry1 #bi4 ,grades1 #cf4 ,habit-building1 #ci-de4 ,harrowing1 #ca4 ,health1 care for1 home duty1 #aa4 ,heath1 ,harry ,f41 #if-ih4 ,high schools1 home credit in1 #aef-ff4 ,history1 #i4 ,hoagland1 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,j41 story by1 #fj-fe2 letter from1 #fe-fh4 ,holidays1 #af1 #cg1 #gj1 #hd1 #ij1 #aba1 #abd1 #abe1 #ace4 ,holton1 ,kansas1 #gg4 ,home contests1 #afi4 ,see ,contests4 ,home credit plans1 illustrative1 #ga-age4 ,see ,plans1 ,rules4 ,home economics1 #acj1 #aef1 #afb1 #afc4 ,home study1 #aea4 ,home work1 newspaper article on1 by author1 #c-f2 inception of idea1 #g2 ,spring ,valley ,school1 #aa-bc4 ,see ,plans4 ,hopewell ,high ,school1 #bc4 ,horticulture1 #aca4 ,housekeeping1 #ea4 ,hover1 ,wash41 #dg4 ,idaho plan1 #abe4 ,illustrative home credit plans1 #ga-age4 ,immorality among children1 #dd4 ,industrial work1 #d1 #e1 #ba4 ,industry1 #dj4 ,interest in work1 #bf4 ,jackson ,county1 ,ore41 #acb1 #acd1 #ace4 ,james1 ,william1 quoted on habit1 #ci4 ,jefferson1 ,ore41 #dh4 ,jenkins1 ,lucia1 #ajd4 ,kansas ,state ,agricultural ,college1 #ej2 ,bulletin1 #gb1 #afg-gc4 ,keeping temper1 #da4 ,kindness1 #da2 to animals1 #adh4 ,king ,county1 ,wash41 #ajg4 ,labor1 honoring1 #cd-ch4 ,laboratory of the ,rural ,school1 ,the1 #ea1 #eb4 ,lane ,county1 ,ore41 #f1 #bb4 ,letters1 from teachers and school officials3 ,mrs4 ,hoagland1 #fe-fg1 #fi1 #gj2 ,n4 ,v4 ,rowe1 #hc1 #hd2 ,mrs4 ,toman1 #he2 ,o4 ,l4 ,dunlap1 #hh2 ,mc,farland1 #ia2 ,miss ,merritt1 #if2 ,h4 ,f4 ,heath1 #if-ih2 ,miss ,jenkins1 #ajc1 #ajd2 ,mrs4 ,maynard1 #ajf1 #ajg2 ,miss ,burns1 #abd1 #abe2 ,miss ,rarey1 #abe2 ,mrs4 ,mc,kinney1 #ace2 ,j4 ,o4 ,davis1 #ace-ch2 ,linden ,mc,cullough1 #aej1 #aea2 ,j4 ,c4 ,werner1 #afg2 other teachers1 #id2 from parents1 #id1 #ie2 from pupils1 #ib1 #ic1 #aje2 from a ,portland woman1 #abj4 ,lewis ,county1 ,wash41 #if4 ,lewiston1 ,idaho1 #adc4 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal41 #ada-dc4 ,mack1 ,a4 ,r41 #gg4 ,making garden1 #he4 ,malheur ,county1 ,ontario1 #adh4 ,manners1 #adh4 ,manual training1 #aca1 #aef1 #afb1 #afi4 ,marion ,county1 ,ore41 a letter from1 #fi1 #gj2 card system of1 #hf1 #hh4 ,marks1 #cg4 ,mary1 the story of1 #g-aj4 ,mathematics1 #bi4 ,see ,algebra1 ,arithmetic1 ,geometry4 ,maynard1 ,mrs4 ,lou ,albee1 #ajd1 #ajf4 ,mc,cormick1 ,superintendent ,e4 ,o41 #aec4 ,mc,cullough1 ,linden1 #aej4 ,mc,farland1 ,e4 ,g41 #hh1 #ia1 #id4 ,mc,kinney1 ,mrs4 ,bertha1 #ace4 ,mc,minnville1 ,ore41 #g4 ,mending1 #aea4 ,merritt1 ,miss ,lizzie ,k41 #ie4 ,military drill1 #dg4 ,milking1 #cj4 ,minnehaha1 ,wash41 #cj4 ,montana1 a school in1 #fe-fh4 ,music1 #aca1 #afd4 ,myrtle ,creek1 ,ore41 #dh4 ,neatness1 #da4 ,nebraska1 a story from1 #fj-fe4 ,new ,york ,city1 #ade4 ,north ,dallas ,school1 ,polk ,county1 ,ore41 #abb1 #abd4 ,north ,yakima1 ,wash41 #afd-ff4 ,ontario1 #adh4 ,oregon1 ,university of1 #c2 teachers in1 #f2 ,mr4 ,o',reilly's school at ,spring ,valley1 #f1 #aa-bc2 home credit schools in1 #ga4 ,oregon ,city1 #ad4 ,oregon ,teachers' ,monthly1 #abj4 ,o',reilly1 ,a4 ,j41 home credit school of1 #f1 #aa-bc1 #da2 his method of daily reports1 #gb-gg4 ,parents1 and teachers1 coperation between1 #ci1 #df-dh1 #abj2 letters from1 #id1 #ie4 ,pend ,oreille ,county1 ,wash41 #ach4 ,percentages1 #cf4 ,personal care1 #da1 #db1 #ajh1 #aab1 #aac4 ,plan for school and home coperation1 #adc-ade4 ,plans1 illustrative home credit3 ,spring ,valley ,school1 #gc-gg2 ,holton1 ,kan41 #gg-hc2 ,st4 ,john1 ,wash41 #hc1 #hd2 ,burnt ,ridge1 ,wash41 #hd1 #he2 ,salem ,heights1 ,wash41 #hh2 ,spokane ,co41 #hi1 #ij2 ,eveline1 ,wash41 #if-aja2 ,cowlitz ,co41 ,wash41 #ajb-jd2 ,district #fa ,school1 ,wash41 #ajd-jg2 ,algona1 ,wash41 #ajg-ab2 ,portland1 ,ore41 #aab-bj2 ,polk ,co41 ,ore41 #abj2 ,suver1 ,ore41 #abj-bc2 ,north ,dallas1 ,ore41 #abd1 #abe2 near ,dallas1 ,ore41 #abe2 ,idaho1 #abe-bg2 ,charleston1 ,wash41 #abh-cb2 ,jackson ,co41 ,ore41 #acb-ce2 ,weston1 ,ore41 #acb1 #ace-ch2 ,pend ,oreille ,co41 ,wash41 #ach-da2 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal41 #ada-dc2 ,lewiston1 ,idaho1 #adc-de2 the ,bronx1 ,new ,york ,city1 #ade-dg2 ,mr4 ,conklin's1 #adh2 ,ontario1 #adh-ej2 ,roslyn1 ,wash41 #aej-ec2 ,wilbur1 ,wash41 #aec1 #aed2 ,clarke ,co41 ,wash41 #aed1 #aee2 ,santa ,monica1 ,cal41 #aeg-ei2 ,st4 ,cloud1 ,minnesota1 #afj-fb2 ,ames1 ,iowa1 #afb-fd2 ,north ,yakima1 ,wash41 #afd-ff2 ,mr4 ,werner's1 #afg-gc4 ,politeness1 #da4 ,polk ,county1 ,ore41 #f1 #aa1 #abj1 #abb4 ,portland1 ,ore41 #cb1 #cf1 #aab-ad4 ,portland home credit record1 #db4 ,practice-teaching1 #afd4 ,practicing music1 #he4 ,prizes1 for credits in home work1 #aa-ac1 #ai-bb1 #cb1 #cg1 #hh1 #ij1 #ig1 #abd1 #abh4 ,purpose1 lacking in schools1 #di4 ,putting away playthings1 #aea4 ,rarey1 ,miss ,miriam ,h41 #abe4 ,reading good books1 #aea4 ,record cards1 #ga-agb4 ,reilly1 ,frederick ,j41 #ade4 ,report of committee on home credits1 ,los ,angeles1 #ada-dc4 ,reports1 daily1 #gc-agb4 ,responsibilities1 #cf1 #eb4 ,roslyn1 ,wash41 #aej4 ,rowe1 ,n4 ,v41 #hc4 ,rules of contests1 #gc-hj1 #hc1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #aac1 #aad1 #abf1 #acj-cc2 for summer agricultural work1 #afe1 #aff4 ,running errands1 #aef4 ,sadie and ,stella1 #ec-ei4 ,st4 ,cloud1 ,minnesota1 #afj-fb4 ,st4 ,john1 ,wash41 #hc4 ,salem1 ,ore41 #aa1 #ad1 #ai1 #bj4 ,salem ,heights1 ,ore41 #hh4 ,santa ,monica1 ,cal41 #aeg-ei4 ,sawing wood1 #he4 ,school and home coperation1 #adc-de4 ,school ,credit for ,home ,work1 #afg4 ,schoolhouse janitor1 #ie4 ,schools1 consolidation of1 #be4 ,scrubbing1 #db4 ,sewing1 #c1 #dg1 #ea1 #afc4 ,seymour1 ,superintendent1 #ac1 #ad1 #abb1 #abd4 ,shepherd1 ,miss ,grace ,m41 #abe4 ,sheridan ,high ,school1 #bb4 ,shopwork1 #bh4 ,simmonds1 ,f4 ,w41 #adc4 ,sleeping with window open1 #dd4 ,slips1 home credit4 ,see ,cards4 ,smith1 ,w4 ,m41 #hf4 ,soules1 ,miss ,hester ,c41 #ach4 ,spelling1 #cb1 #cc2 contest1 #ac1 #ad1 #ah4 ,spokane1 ,wash41 #cb1 #hi1 #ia4 ,spokane ,chamber of ,commerce1 #hi4 ,spokane ,county1 ,wash41 #hh1 #hi1 #ia1 #ie4 ,spring ,valley1 ,ore41 ,mr4 ,o',reilly's school at1 #f1 #aa-bc1 #gb-gg4 ,standings1 #cf4 ,stella and ,sadie1 #ec-ei4 ,sterling1 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth1 #aed4 ,suggestions for using ,home ,record ,slip1 #aab1 #aac4 ,sunday school attendance1 #aaj1 #acb4 ,suver1 ,polk ,county1 ,ore41 school at1 #abj4 ,sweeping1 #db4 ,tardiness1 #bg1 #eg1 #hd1 #aba4 ,teachers1 and parents1 coperation between1 #ci1 #df-dh2 a story from1 #fj-fe2 letters from1 see ,letters4 ,tidiness1 #acg4 ,todd1 ,mr41 #bh-cj4 ,toman1 ,mrs4 ,verona ,e41 #hd1 #he4 ,toothbrushing1 #da-dc1 #ajg4 ,umatilla ,county1 ,ore41 #acb4 ,vacation report1 #afj1 #afa4 ,vancouver1 ,wash41 #cb4 ,voice1 care of1 #dc4 ,vouchers1 #gg1 #if-ii4 ,walking1 credit for1 #abj1 #aba4 ,wasco ,county1 ,ore41 #f4 ,washing dishes1 #i1 #db4 ,washington1 home credit schools in1 #ga4 ,weekly reports1 #hf1 #hh4 ,wells1 ,j4 ,percy1 #acb4 ,werner1 ,john ,c41 #afg4 ,weston1 ,ore41 #acb1 #ace1 #acf4 ,weston ,public ,school1 #acf4 ,whitman ,county1 ,wash41 #hc4 ,wilbur1 ,wash41 #aec4 ,winship1 ,dr41 #aa4 ,work1 done for wages1 #aea2 in father's place of business1 #aea4 ,see ,labor4 ,yamhill ,county1 ,ore41 #f1 #bd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's note3 ,minor typographical errors have been corrected without note4 ,irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have been retained as printed4 ,the illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs4 ,mismatched quotes are not fixed if it's not sufficiently clear where the missing quote should be placed4 ,the cover for the e,book version of this book was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain4 ,rather than 1 tally marks in the book are four upright bars with the fifth bar crossing the other four diagonally4 ,see footnote #g1 and pages #acj and #aha4 ,in addition to obvious errors1 the following changes have been made3 #a4 ,page #aah3 the word a was added in the phrase3 a lonely art student #b4 ,page #acc3 transposed words be will were corrected to will be in the phrase3 will be improved