---------------------------------------- --------- ,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s typographic errors h be5 correct$4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,civilisation3 ,,its ,,cause ,,& ,,cure ,,& ,,o!r ,,essays 7,,newly-,,enl>g$ ,,& ,,complete ,,edition7 ,,by ,,edw>d ,,c>p5t] ,,au?or ,,( ,,t[>ds ,,democracy1 ,,my ,,days ,,& ,,dreams1 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 logo ,,london3 ,,george ,,all5 ,,unw9 ,,ltd4 ,,rusk9 ,,h\se1 #dj ,,museum ,,/reet1 ,w4,c4#a ,fir/ ,edition1 ,june #ahhi2 ,second ,edition1 ,decemb] #ahij2 ,?ird ,edition1 ,novemb] #ahic2 ,f\r? ,edition1 ,july #ahie2 ,fif? ,edition1 ,septemb] #ahig2 ,six? ,edition1 ,octob] #aijj2 ,sev5? ,edition1 ,july #aijb2 ,eigh? ,edition1 ,m>* #aijc2 ,n9? ,edition1 ,janu>y #aijf2 ,t5? ,edition1 ,janu>y #aijh2 ,elev5? ,edition1 ,octob] #aiaj2 ,twelf? ,edition1 ,dec4 #aiab2 ,?irte5? ,edition1 ,aug4 #aiad2 ,f\rte5? ,edition1 ,june #aiaf2 ,fifte5? ,edition1 ,sept4 #aiag2 ,complete ,edition1 ,jan4 #aiba 7,all rights res]v$7 ,,preface ,,to ,,complete ,,edition 7#aibj7 ,9 look+ ov] ?is volume1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahhi1 ) a view to a f9al ,edition1 ,i am glad to note t aft] all !re is n mu* 9 x requir+ alt]ation4 ,consid]+ t ! orig9al issue took place m ?an #cj ye>s ago1 ,i _h ?\ght t ! great *anges 9 sci5tific & philosophic ?\ght :i* h tak5 place dur+ t p]iod w\ld probably h r5d]$ out ( date a good deal ( ! book4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! fir/ pap]--t on ,civilisation--0 giv5 z a lecture be=e ! ,fabian ,society1 9 #ahhh2 & ,i %all n easily =get ! furi\s attacks :i* 7 made ^u x on t occasion4 ,! book--publi%$ z a :ole 9 #ahhi--;came 9 = a v simil> reception f ! press-critics4 ,!y slat$ x to ! top ( _! b5t--except 9 ^? n unfrequ5t cases :5 !y ignor$ x z almo/ b5ea? notice4 ,! :ole tr5d ( ! ?\ght ( ! "t 0 aga9/ its conclusions2 & x is p]haps wor? :ile to recall ^! facts 9 ord] to measure h[ f> we h travell$ 9 ^! #cj ye>s4 ,= to-day 7,i ?9k we may say7 ^! conclusions are g5]ally admitt$ z correct2 & ! views :i* seem$ s haz>d$ & prec>i\s at ! e>li] date are n[ fairly accept$ & e/abli%$4 ,! ^w ,civilisation has und\bt$ly dur+ ?is p]iod suff]$ an om9\s *ange ( color4 ,x is no long] an easy t]m d5ot+ all t is ideal & delightful 9 social life1 b on ! contr>y1 c>ries ) x a s5se ( d\bt & ( criticism1 z ( some?+ t is by no means accept$ yet1 b is r on its trial--if n actually condemn$6 ,i am sorry to note1 h[ev]1 t ! sugge/ion made m ?an once 9 ! c\rse ( my book--namely t ! t]m 7,civilisation7 %\ld prop]ly be giv5 an hi/orical in/ead ( ideal value1 z applicable to a c]ta9 p]iod only 9 ! hi/ory ( ea* p1 has n yet be5 g5]ally tak5 up4 ,yet a pap] by "s m compet5t p]son ?an myself on ! def9ite m>ks & signs ( ! civilisation-p]iod 9 ,hi/ory--_! fir/ appe>ance 9 ! c\rse ( human progress & evolution1 & _! probable disappe>ance aga9 at a lat] /age--w\ld be greatly int]e/+ & in/ructive4 ,my little essay on ?is subject 0 writt5 at ! "t ( its composition ) a good deal ( imag9ative lan2 & is ( c\rse op5 to criticism on t side1 z be+ ma9ly en?usia/ic 9 "* & only sl5d]ly support$ by exact data1 pro(s1 hi/orical illu/rations1 analogies1 & s =?4 ,b to l>gely alt] or am5d ! essay )\t s]i\sly crippl+ x w\ld be impossible2 & ?\gh ! =m may be hurri$ or inadequate1 yet z f> z ! actual cont5ts & conclusions are conc]n$ ,i /ill adh]e to !m absolutely1 & believe t "t w %[ !m to be fully ju/ifi$4 ,) reg>d to my views on ,mod]n ,sci5ce ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury has curi\sly corroborat$ !m4 ,= :ile on ! "o h&--z expect$--! progress 9 actual discov]y & application ( obs]v$ facts has be5 enorm\s1 ! !ories on ! o!r h& ab\t all ^! ?+s h rec$$ m & m into ! backgr\nd1 & h pass$ almo/ out ( sight4 ,:ile kn[+1 = in/ance1 inf9itely m ab\t electrical actions & adaptations ?an we did1 we seem to be if any?+ fur!r (f ?an ev] f any valid !ory ( :at ,electricity is4 ,! same ) reg>d to ,heat & ,light1 to ,a/ronomical1 ,biological & ,geological laws1 & s =?4 ,on su* matt]s ,mod]n ,sci5ce is on ! v]ge ( confess+ itself bankrupt1 b n wi%+ to d t1 x keeps a discreet sil5ce4 ,! ,atom1 :i* ,i v5tur$ 7to ! disgu/ ( my sci5tific fri5ds7 to make fun ( #cj ye>s ago1 has n[ explod$ ( itself z ?or\ghly z a ,g]man coal-box2 & ! fix$ ,*emical ,elem5ts ( old] days h ( late dissolv$ into protean vap\rs & emanations1 ions & electrons1 impossible to foll[ ?r\gh _! endless trans=mations4 ,z to ! num]\s ,laws ( ,nature :i* 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury we 7 j ab\t to e/abli% = all et]nity1 x is only ) ! greate/ difficulty t any ( ^! c n[ be discov]$--mo/ ( !m hav+ got secret$ away into ! d>kness ( anci5t text-books3 :]e !y lead =lorn & sightless exi/5ces1 l ! fi% 9 ! caves ( ,k5tucky4 ,"h aga9--9 my *apt]s on ,sci5ce--?\gh "s expressions rema9 :i* are n[ out ( date1 ,i h ?\ght x be/ to leave !m z orig9ally writt53 ! mean+s & g5]al conclusions be+ /ill valid & z !y 74 ,x w be se5 t ! g5]al drift ( ^! *apt]s is to po9t ! moral t ! true field ( sci5ce is to be f\nd 9 ,life1 & t ! be/ way to "k ?+s is to exp]i5ce _! mean+ & to id5tify oneself ) !m ?r\gh ,action4 ,f a /udy on ^! pr9ciples w ultimately em]ge a ,sci5ce truly humane & creative1 ma/]ful1 & capable ( build+ a true home = m5--in/ead ( ! fev]i%1 spectral & self-delud+ ?+ :i* has usurp$ ! "n up to n[4 ,some?+ ! same w happ5 ) ! conception ( ,morality4 ,! ab/ract codes on ?is subject1 :i* h wr\ght s mu* havoc by _! fatal intrusion on ! field ( human ,life1 are rapidly fad+ away4 ,^! gho/s1 l ! gho/s ( ,nature's ,laws1 are receiv+ _! quietus4 ,& ! g5]al outl9e :i* 0 sugge/$ 9 ,! ,def5ce ( ,crim9als has n[ be5 trac$ m positively 9 ! *apt] on ,! ,new ,morality ins]t$ at ! end ( ! pres5t volume4 ,morality has at la/ to become truly human1 & ! real expression ( our organic ne$4 ,man has to be lib]at$ f ! cramps & suppressions & fixations :i* h hi!rto p>alys$ him 9 ! moral field4 ,he has to em]ge f ! swa?+ b&s ( 8 pupal /age into ! free air ( heav51 & to become 9 ! highe/ s5se self-det]m9+ & creative4 ,?us ?ree ?+s1 7#a7 ! realisation ( a new ord] ( ,society1 9 close/ t\* ) ,nature1 & 9 :i* ! diseases ( class-dom9ation & ,p>asitism w h f9ally ceas$2 7#b7 ! realisation ( a ,sci5ce :i* w no long] be a m]e ?+ ( ! bra91 b a "p ( ,actual ,life2 & 7#c7 ! realisation ( a ,morality :i* w signalise & express ! vital & organic unity ( man ) 8 fell[s--^! ?ree ?+s w become ! h]alds ( a new era ( humanity--an era :i* w possibly pref] n to call itself by ! "n ( ,civilisation4 ,9 ord] to corroborate & confirm ! fir/ pap] 9 ! book an ,app5dix has n[ be5 add$ conta9+ notes & data on ! life & cu/oms ( _m uncivilis$ peoples2 = mu* ( :i* ,app5dix ,i am indebt$ to ! assi/ance ( my widely-read & res\rceful fri5d1 ,e4 ,b]tram ,lloyd4 ,e4 ,c4 ,decemb]1 #aibj4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface ,,to ,,complete ,,edition #g ,,civilisation3 ,,its ,,cause ,,& ,,cure #ae ,,mod]n ,,sci5ce3 ,a ,,criticism #gi ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,future3 ,a ,,=eca/ #abj ,,def5ce ,,( ,,crim9als3 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,morality #adc ,,exfoliation3 ,,lam>ck v]sus ,,d>w9 #aha ,,cu/om #bjf ,a ,,rational ,,& ,,humane ,,sci5ce #bai ,,! ,,new ,,morality #bdc ,,app5dix--,,be+ ,,notes ,,on ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,*>act]i/ics ,,& ,,cu/oms ,,( ,,pre-,,civilis$ ,,peoples #bfe ,,civilisation3 ,,its ,,cause ,,& ,,cure ,! fri5dly & fl[+ savage1 :o is he8 ,is he wait+ = civilisation1 or is he pa/ x1 & ma/]+ x8--,,:itman4 ,we f9d ourselves to-day 9 ! mid/ ( a some:at peculi> /ate ( society1 :i* we call ,civilisation1 b :i* ev5 to ! mo/ optimi/ic among u does n seem altoge!r desirable4 ,"s ( u1 inde$1 are incl9$ to ?9k t x is a k9d ( disease :i* ! v>i\s races ( man h to pass ?r\gh--z *ildr5 pass ?r\gh measles or :oop+ c\gh2 b if x is a disease1 !re is ?is s]i\s consid]ation to be made1 t :ile ,hi/ory tells u ( _m nations t h be5 attack$ by x1 ( _m t h succumb$ to x1 & ( "s t are /ill 9 ! ?roes ( x1 we "k ( no s+le case 9 :i* a nation has fairly recov]$ f & pass$ ?r\gh x to a m normal & heal?y condition4 ,9 o!r words ! developm5t ( human society has nev] yet 7t we "k (7 pass$ beyond a c]ta9 def9ite & app>5tly f9al /age 9 ! process we call ,civilisation2 at t /age x has always succumb$ or be5 arre/$4 ,( c\rse x may at fir/ s\nd extravagant to use ! ^w disease 9 connection ) ,civilisation at all1 b a little ?\ght %\ld %[ t ! association is n ill-gr\nd$4 ,to take ! matt] on its physical side fir/1 ,i f9d t 9 ,mullhall's ,diction>y ( ,/ati/ics 7#ahhd7 ! numb] ( accr$it$ doctors & surgeons 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom is put at ov] #bc1jjj4 ,if ! ext5t ( ! national sickness is su* t we require #bc1jjj m$ical m5 to att5d to u1 x mu/ surely be r s]i\s6 ,& !y d n cure u4 ,:]ev] we look to-day1 9 mansion or 9 slum1 we see ! features & he> ! compla9ts ( ill-heal?2 ! difficulty is really to f9d a heal?y p]son4 ,! /ate ( ! mod]n civilis$ man 9 ?is respect--our c\ghs1 colds1 muffl]s1 dread ( a waft ( *ill air1 c4--is any?+ b cr$itable1 & x seems to be ! fact t1 not)/&+ all our libr>ies ( m$ical sci5ce1 our kn[l$ges1 arts1 & appliances ( life1 we are actually less capable ( tak+ c>e ( ourselves ?an ! animals are4 ,inde$1 talk+ ( animals1 we are--z ,%elley ,i ?9k po9ts out--fa/ deprav+ ! dome/ic bre$s4 ,! c[1 ! horse1 ! %eep1 & ev5 ! confid+ pussy-cat1 are becom+ ev] m & m subject to disease1 & are liable to ills :i* 9 _! wild] /ate !y knew n (4 ,& f9ally ! savage races ( ! e>? d n escape ! baneful influ5ce4 ,:]ev] ,civilisation t\*es !m1 !y die l flies f ! small-pox1 dr9k1 & worse evils x br+s along ) x1 & (t5 its m]e contact is suffici5t to de/roy :ole races4 ,b ! ^w ,disease is applicable to our social z well z to our physical condition4 ,= z 9 ! body disease arises f ! loss ( ! physical unity :i* con/itutes ,heal?1 & s takes ! =m ( w>f>e or discord betwe5 ! v>i\s p>ts1 or ( ! abnormal developm5t ( individual organs1 or ! consumption ( ! sy/em by pr$atory g]ms & gr[?s2 s 9 our mod]n life we f9d ! unity gone :i* con/itutes true society1 & 9 its place w>f>e ( classes & individuals1 abnormal developm5t ( "s to ! detrim5t ( o!rs1 & consumption ( ! organism by masses ( social p>asites4 ,if ! ^w disease is applicable any:]e1 ,i %\ld say x is--bo? 9 its direct & its d]iv$ s5se--to ! civilis$ societies ( to-day4 ,aga91 m5tally1 is n our condition mo/ unsatisfactory8 ,i am n allud+ to ! numb] & importance ( ! lunatic asylums :i* cov] our l&1 nor to ! fact t maladies ( ! bra9 & n]v\s sy/em are n[ s common2 b to ! /range s5se ( m5tal unre/ :i* m>ks our populations1 & :i* amply ju/ifies ,rusk9's cutt+ epigram3 t our two objects 9 life are1 ,:atev] we h--to get m2 & :]ev] we are--to g some:]e else4 ,?is s5se ( unre/1 ( disease1 p5etrates d[n ev5 into ! deepe/ regions ( man's be+--into 8 moral nature--disclos+ itself !re1 z x has done 9 all nations notably at ! "t ( _! full civilisation1 z ! s5se ( ,s94#a ,all d[n ! ,*ri/ian c5turies we f9d ?is /range s5se ( inw>d /rife & discord develop$1 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! naive ins\ciance ( ! pagan & primitive _w2 &1 :at is /range/1 we ev5 f9d p glory+ 9 ?is consci\sness--:i*1 :ile x may be ! h>b+] ( bett] ?+s to come1 is & c be 9 itself only ! evid5ce ( loss ( unity1 & !re=e ( ill-heal?1 9 ! v c5tre ( human life4 ,( c\rse we are aw>e ) reg>d to ,civilisation t ! ^w is sometimes us$ 9 a k9d ( ideal s5se1 z to indicate a /ate ( future culture t[>ds :i* we are t5d+--! impli$ assumption be+ t a suffici5tly long c\rse ( top hats & telephones w 9 ! end br+ u to ?is ideal condition2 :ile any little drawbacks 9 ! process1 su* z we h j po9t$ out1 are expla9$ z be+ m]ely accid5tal & tempor>y4 ,m5 sometimes speak ( civilis+ & ennobl+ influ5ces z if ! two t]ms 7 int]*angeable1 & ( c\rse if !y l to use ! ^w ,civilisation 9 ?is s5se !y h a "r to2 b :e!r ! actual t5d5cies ( mod]n life tak5 9 ! mass are ennobl+ 7except 9 a q indirect way h]eaft] to be dwelt ^u7 is1 to say ! lea/1 a d\btful "q4 ,any "o :o w\ld get an idea ( ! glori\s be+ t is z a matt] ( fact be+ turn$ out by ! pres5t process %\ld read ,mr4 ,kay ,rob9son's article 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,may1 #ahhc1 9 :i* he prophesies 7q solemnly & 9 ! "n ( sci5ce7 t ! human be+ ( ! future w be a too?less1 bald1 toeless creature ) flaccid muscles & limbs almo/ incapable ( locomotion6 ,p]haps x is saf] on ! :ole n to use ! ^w ,civilisation 9 su* ideal s5se1 b to limit its use 7z is done to-day by all writ]s on primitive society7 to a def9ite hi/orical /age ?r\gh :i* ! v>i\s nations pass1 & 9 :i* we actually f9d ourselves at ! pres5t "t4 ,?\gh !re is ( c\rse a difficulty 9 m>k+ ! comm5cem5t ( any p]iod ( hi/orical evolution v def9itely1 yet all /ud5ts ( ?is subject agree t ! gr[? ( prop]ty & ! ideas & in/itutions fl[+ f x did at a c]ta9 po9t br+ ab\t su* a *ange 9 ! /ructure ( human society t ! new /age might fairly be di/+ui%$ f ! e>li] /ages ( ,savag]y & ,b>b>ism by a sep>ate t]m4 ,! gr[? ( ,weal?1 x is %[n1 & ) x ! conception ( ,private ,prop]ty1 br\ght on c]ta9 v def9ite new =ms ( social life2 x de/roy$ ! anci5t sy/em ( society bas$ ^u ! g5s1 t is1 a society ( equals f\nd$ ^u blood-relation%ip1 & introduc$ a society ( classes f\nd$ ^u diff]5ces ( mat]ial possession2 x de/roy$ ! anci5t sy/em ( "m-"r & inh]itance ?r\gh ! female l9e1 & turn$ ! woman into ! prop]ty ( ! man2 x br\ght ) x private own]%ip ( l&1 & s creat$ a class ( l&less ali5s1 & a :ole sy/em ( r5t1 mortgage1 int]e/1 etc42 x introduc$ slav]y1 s]fdom & wage-lab\r1 :i* are only v>i\s =ms ( ! dom9ance ( "o class ov] ano!r2 & to rivet ^! au?orities x creat$ ! ,/ate & ! policeman4 ,e race t we "k1 t has become :at we call civilis$1 has pass$ ?r\gh ^! *anges2 & ?\gh ! details may v>y & h v>i$ a little1 ! ma9 ord] ( *ange has be5 practically ! same 9 all cases4 ,we are ju/ifi$ !re=e 9 call+ ,civilisation a hi/orical /age1 ^: comm5cem5t dates r\ghly f ! division ( society into classes f\nd$ on prop]ty & ! adoption ( class-gov]nm5t4 ,lewis ,morgan 9 8 ,anci5t ,society adds ! inv5tion ( writ+ & ! consequ5t adoption ( writt5 ,hi/ory & writt5 ,law2 ,engels 9 8 ,ursprung d] ,familie1 des ,privateig5?ums und des ,/aats po9ts out ! importance ( ! appe>ance ( ! ,m]*ant1 ev5 9 8 mo/ primitive =m1 z a m>k ( ! civilisation-p]iod2 :ile ! ,fr5* writ]s ( ! la/ c5tury made a good po9t 9 inv5t+ ! t]m nations polices 7policemanis$ nations7 z a sub/itute = civilis$ nations2 = p]haps !re is no bett] or m univ]sal m>k ( ! p]iod we are consid]+1 & ( its social degradation1 ?an ! appe>ance ( ! crawl+ ph5om5on 9 "q4 ,imag9e ! rage ( any dec5t ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians if !y _h be5 told !y requir$ policem5 to keep !m 9 ord]6 ,if we take ?is hi/orical def9ition ( ,civilisation1 we %all see t our ,engli% ,civilisation began h>dly m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago1 & ev5 s ! rema9s ( ! m primitive society la/$ long aft] t4 ,9 ! case ( ,rome--if we reckon f ! lat] times ( ! e>ly k+s d[n to ! fall ( ,rome--we h aga9 ab\t a ?\s& ye>s4 ,! ,jewi% civilisation f ,david & ,solomon d[nw>ds la/$--) breaks--some:at ov] a ?\s& ye>s2 ! ,greek civilisation less2 ! s]ies ( ,egyptian civilisations :i* we c n[ di/+ui% la/$ altoge!r v mu* long]2 b ! important po9ts to see are1 fir/1 t ! process has be5 q simil> 9 "* 9 ^! v>i\s 7& num]\s o!r7 cases1#b q z simil> 9 fact z ! c\rse ( ! same disease 9 v>i\s p]sons2 & secondly t 9 no case1 z said be=e1 has any nation come ?r\gh & pass$ beyond ?is /age2 b t 9 mo/ cases x has succumb$ soon aft] ! ma9 symptoms _h be5 develop$4 ,b x w be said1 ,x may be true t ,civilisation reg>d$ z a /age ( human hi/ory pres5ts "s features ( disease2 b is !re any reason = suppos+ t disease 9 "s =m or o!r 0 any less pres5t 9 ! previ\s /age--t ( ,b>b>ism8 ,to :i* ,i reply1 ,i ?9k !re is good reason4 ,)\t committ+ ourselves to ! unlikely !ory t ! noble savage 0 an ideal human be+ physically or 9 any o!r respect1 & :ile c]ta9 t 9 _m po9ts he 0 decid$ly inf]ior to ! civilis$ man1 ,i ?9k we mu/ all[ him ! sup]iority 9 "s directions2 & "o ( ^! 0 8 comp>ative fre$om f disease4 ,lewis ,morgan1 :o grew up among ! ,iroquois ,indians1 & :o probably knew ! ,nor? ,am]ican natives z well z any :ite man has ev] done1 says 79 8 ,anci5t ,society1 p4 #de71 ,b>b>ism ends ) ! production ( gr& ,b>b>ians4 ,& ?\gh !re are no native races on ! e>? to-day :o are actually 9 ! late/ & mo/ advanc$ /age ( ,b>b>ism2#c yet1 if we take ! mo/ advanc$ tribes t we "k (--su* z ! said ,iroquois ,indians ( tw5ty or ?irty ye>s ago1 "s ( ! ,kaffir tribes r\nd ,lake ,nyassa 9 ,africa1 n[ 7& possibly = a few ye>s m7 comp>atively unt\*$ by civilisation1 or ! tribes along ! riv] ,uaupes1 ?irty or =ty ye>s back1 ( ,wallace's ,travels on ! ,amazon--all tribes 9 :at ,morgan w\ld call ! middle /age ( ,b>b>ism--we und\bt$ly 9 ea* case discov] a f9e & 7:i* is our po9t "h7 heal?y p4 ,capta9 ,cook 9 8 fir/ ,voyage says ( ! natives ( ,otaheite1 ,we saw no critical disease dur+ our /ay ^u ! isl&1 & b few in/ances ( sickness1 :i* 7 accid5tal fits ( ! colic2 &1 lat] on1 ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 ,!y enjoy p]fect & un9t]rupt$ heal?4 ,9 all our visits to _! t[ns1 :]e "y & old1 m5 & wom51 cr[d$ ab\t u 444 we nev] saw a s+le p]son :o appe>$ to h any bodily compla9t1 nor among ! numb]s we h se5 nak$ did we once p]ceive ! slighte/ eruption ^u ! sk91 or any m>ks t an eruption _h left beh9d4 ,^! are pretty /rong words4 ,( c\rse diseases exi/ among su* peoples1 ev5 :]e !y h nev] be5 9 contact ) civilisation1 b ,i ?9k we may say t among ! high] types ( savages !y are r>]1 & no?+ l s v>i\s & s preval5t z !y are 9 our mod]n life2 :ile ! p[] ( recov]y f w\nds 7:i* are ( c\rse ! mo/ frequ5t =m ( disablem5t7 is g5]ally admitt$ to be some?+ a/oni%+4 ,speak+ ( ! ,kaffirs1 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood says1 ,_! /ate ( heal? enables !m to survive injuries :i* w\ld be almo/ in/antly fatal to any civilis$ ,european4 ,mr4 ,frank ,oates 9 8 ,di>y#d m5tions ! case ( a man :o 0 condemn$ to dea? by ! k+4 ,he 0 hack$ d[n ) axes1 & left = dead4 ,:at mu/ h be5 int5d$ = ! c\p de grce 0 a cut 9 ! back ( ! head1 :i* _h *ipp$ a l>ge piece out ( ! skull1 & mu/ h be5 meant to cut ! sp9al cord :]e x jo9s ! bra94 ,x _h1 h[ev]1 be5 made a little high] ?an ?is1 b _h left su* a w\nd z ,i %\ld h ?\ght t no "o c\ld h surviv$ 444 :5 ,i held ! lan?orn to inve/igate ! w\nd ,i />t$ back 9 amazem5t to see a hole at ! base ( ! skull1 p]haps two in*es long & an in* & a half wide1 & ,i w n v5ture to say h[ deep1 b ! dep? too mu/ h be5 an affair ( in*es4 ,( c\rse ?is hole p5etrat$ into ! sub/ance ( ! bra91 & probably = "s di/ance4 ,i d>e say a m\se c\ld h sat 9 x4 ,yet ! man 0 n s mu* disconc]t$4 ,l ,old ,k+ ,cole1 ,he ask$ = a pipe & a dr9k ( br&y1 & ultimately made a p]fect recov]y6 ,( c\rse x might be said t su* a /ory only proves ! l[ness ( organisation ( ! bra9s ( savages2 b to ! ,kaffirs at any rate ?is w\ld n apply2 !y are a quick-witt$ race1 ) l>ge bra9s1 & exce$+ly acute 9 argum5t1 z ,col5so f\nd to 8 co/4 ,ano!r po9t :i* indicates sup]abundant heal? is ! amaz+ animal spirits ( ^! native races6 ,! %\t+1 s++1 danc+ kept up nights long among ! ,kaffirs are exhau/+ m]ely to witness1 :ile ! grav] ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian exhibits a correspond+ p[] ( life 9 8 eag]ness = battle or 8 /oic resi/ance ( pa94#e ,simil>ly :5 we come to consid] ! social life ( ! wild] races--h[ev] rudim5t>y & undevelop$ x may be--! almo/ univ]sal te/imony ( /ud5ts & travel]s is t )9 its limits x is m h>moni\s & compact ?an t ( ! civilis$ nations4 ,! memb]s ( ! tribe are n organically at w>f>e ) ea* o!r2 society is n divid$ into classes :i* prey ^u ea* o!r2 nor is x consum$ by p>asites4 ,!re is m true social unity1 less ( disease4 ,?\gh ! cu/oms ( ea* tribe are rigid1 absurd1 & (t5 frightfully cruel1#f & ?\gh all outsid]s are liable to be reg>d$ z enemies1 yet )9 ^? limits ! memb]s live peacefully toge!r--_! pursuits1 _! "w1 are und]tak5 9 common1 ?iev+ & viol5ce are r>e1 social feel+ & community ( int]e/ are /rong4 ,9 _! own b&s ,indians are p]fectly hone/4 ,9 all my int]c\rse ) !m ,i h he>d ( n ov] half-a-doz5 cases ( su* !ft4 ,b ?is wond]fully exceptional hone/y ext5ds no fur!r ?an to ! memb]s ( 8 imm$iate b&4 ,to all outside ( x1 ! ,indian is n only "o ( ! mo/ arrant ?ieves 9 ! _w1 b ?is quality or faculty is held 9 ! highe/ e/imation4 7,dodge1 p4 #fd47 ,if a man set out on a j\rney 7?is among ! ,kaffirs7 he ne$ n tr\ble himself ab\t provisions1 = he is sure to fall 9 ) "s hut1 or p]haps a village1 & is equally sure ( obta9+ bo? food & %elt]4#g ,i h liv$1 says ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace 9 8 ,malay ,ar*ipelago vol4 ii4 p4 #dfj1 ) communities 9 ,s\? ,am]ica & ! ,ea/1 :o h no laws or law c\rts1 b ! public op9ion ( ! village 444 yet ea* man scrupul\sly respects ! rights ( 8 fell[s1 & any infraction ( ^? rights r>ely takes place4 ,9 su* a community all are ne>ly equal4 ,!re are none ( ^? wide di/9ctions ( education & ignorance1 weal? & pov]ty1 ma/] & s]vant1 :i* are ! product ( our civilisation4 ,inde$ ?is community ( life 9 ! e>ly societies1 ?is abs5ce ( division into classes1 & ( ! contra/ betwe5 ri* & poor1 is n[ admitt$ on all sides z a m>k$ feature ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! conditions ( ! primitive & ( civilis$ man4#h ,la/ly1 ) reg>d to ! m5tal condition ( ! ,b>b>ian1 probably no "o w be f\nd to dispute ! cont5tion t he is m easy-m9d$ & t 8 consci\sness ( ,s9 is less develop$ ?an 9 8 civilis$ bro!r4 ,our unre/ is ! p5alty we pay = our wid] life4 ,! mission>y retires r\t$ f ! savage 9 :om he c awake no s5se ( 8 supreme wick$ness4 ,an ,am]ican lady _h a s]vant1 a negro-woman1 :o on "o occasion ask$ leave ( abs5ce = ! next morn+1 say+ %e wi%$ to att5d ! ,holy ,communion8 ,i h no objection1 said ! mi/ress1 to grant y leave2 b d y ?9k y ought to att5d ,communion8 ,y "k y h nev] said y 7 sorry ab\t t goose y /ole la/ week4 ,lor' missus1 repli$ ! woman1 d ye ?9k ,i'd let an old goose /& betwixt me & my ,bless$ ,"l & ,ma/]8 ,b jok+ ap>t1 & h[ev] necess>y = man's ultimate evolution may be ! tempor>y developm5t ( ?is consci\sness ( ,s91 we _c help see+ t ! condition ( ! m9d 9 :i* x is abs5t is ! mo/ di/9ctively heal?y2 nor c x be conceal$ t "s ( ! greate/ works ( ,art h be5 produc$ by p l ! e>li] ,greeks1 9 :om x 0 abs5t2 & c\ld n possibly h be5 produc$ :]e x 0 /rongly develop$4 ,?\gh1 z already said1 ! late/ /age ( ,b>b>ism1 i4e41 t j prec$+ ,civilisation1 is unrepres5t$ on ! e>? to-day1 yet we h 9 ! ,hom]ic & o!r dawn-lit]ature ( ! v>i\s nations indirect records ( ?is /age2 & ^! records assure u ( a condition ( man v simil> to1 ?\gh some:at m develop$ ?an1 ! condition ( ! exi/+ races ,i h m5tion$ above4 ,besides ?is1 we h 9 ! num]\s traditions ( ! ,gold5 ,age1#i leg5ds ( ! ,fall1 etc41 a curi\s fact :i* sugge/s to u t a great numb] ( races 9 advanc+ t[>ds ,civilisation 7 consci\s at "s po9t or o!r ( hav+ lo/ a primitive condition ( ease & cont5tm5t1 & t !y embodi$ ?is consci\sness1 ) poetical adornm5t & lic5ce1 9 imag9ative leg5ds ( ! e>li] ,p>adise4 ,"s p inde$1 see+ ! univ]sality ( ^! /ories1 & ! rem>kable fragm5ts ( wisdom emb$d$ 9 !m & o!r extremely anci5t my?s & writ+s1 h suppos$ t !re really 0 a g5]al pre-hi/oric ,ed5-g>d5 or ,atlantis2 b ! necessities ( ! case h>dly seem to compel ?is supposition4 ,t ea* human s\l1 h[ev]1 be>s )9 itself "s k9d ( rem9isc5ce ( a m h>moni\s & p]fect /ate ( be+1 :i* x has at "s "t exp]i5c$1 seems to me a conclusion difficult to avoid2 & ?is by itself might give rise to manifold traditions & my?s4 ,,ii ,h[ev] all ?is may be1 ! "q imm$iately be=e u--hav+ e/abli%$ ! m heal?y1 ?\gh m limit$1 condition ( ! pre-civilisation peoples--is1 :y ?is lapse or fall8 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is manifold & int5sifi$ manife/ation ( ,disease--physical1 social1 intellectual1 & moral8 ,:at is its place & "p 9 ! great :ole ( human evolution8 ,& ?is involves u 9 a digression1 :i* mu/ occupy a few pages1 on ! nature ( ,heal?4 ,:5 we come to analyse ! conception ( ,disease1 physical or m5tal1 9 society or 9 ! individual1 x evid5tly means1 z already h9t$ once or twice1 loss ( unity4 ,heal?1 !re=e1 %\ld mean unity1 & x is curi\s t ! hi/ory ( ! ^w entirely corroborates ?is idea4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! words heal?1 :ole1 holy1 are f ! same /ock2 & !y indicate to u ! fact t f> back 9 ! pa/ ^? :o creat$ ?is gr\p ( words _h a conception ( ! mean+ ( ,heal? v diff]5t f ours1 & :i* !y embodi$ unconsci\sly 9 ! ^w itself & its /range relatives4 ,^! are1 = in/ance1 & among o!rs3 heal1 hall[1 hale1 holy1 :ole1 :olesome2 ,g]man heilig1 ,heil& 7! ,savi\r72 ,lat9 salus 7z 9 salutation1 salvation72 ,greek kalos2 also comp>e hail6 a salutation1 &1 less c]ta9ly connect$1 ! root hal1 to brea!1 z 9 inhale1 exhale--,fr5* hale9e--,italian & ,fr5* alma & me 7! s\l72 comp>e ! ,lat9 spiritus1 _s or brea?1 & ,sanskrit tman1 brea? or s\l4 ,:ol5ess1 hol9ess 444 if ?9e eye be s+le1 ?y :ole body %all be full ( light4 444 ?y fai? ha? made !e :ole4 ,! idea seems to be a positive "o--a condition ( ! body 9 :i* x is an entirety1 a unity--a c5tral =ce ma9ta9+ t condition2 & disease be+ ! break-up--or break-d[n--( t entirety into multiplicity4 ,! peculi>ity ab\t our mod]n conception ( ,heal? is t x seems to be a purely negative "o4 ,s impress$ are we by ! myriad pres5ce ( ,disease--s num]\s its dang]s1 s sudd5 & un=etellable its attacks--t we h come to look ^u heal? z ! m]e abs5ce ( ! same4 ,z a solit>y spy picks 8 way ?r\gh a ho/ile camp at night1 sees ! enemy sitt+ r\nd 8 fires1 & trembles at ! crackl+ ( a twig b5ea? 8 feet--s ! travell] ?r\gh ?is _w1 com=t] 9 "o h& & physic-bottle 9 ! o!r1 mu/ pick 8 way1 fe>ful le/ at any "t he di/urb ! sleep+ legions ( dea?--?rice bless$ if by any means1 /e]+ n[ to ! "r & n[ to ! left1 & ?9k+ only ( 8 p]sonal safety1 he pass by )\t discov]y to ! o!r side4 ,heal? ) u is a negative ?+4 ,x is a neutralisation ( oppos+ dang]s4 ,x is to be nei!r rheumatic nor g\ty1 consumptive nor bili\s1 to be untr\bl$ by head-a*e1 back-a*e1 he>t-a*e1 or any ( ! ?\s& natural %ocks t fle% is heir to4 ,^! are ! realities4 ,heal? is ! m]e negation ( !m4 ,! mod]n notion1 & :i* has evid5tly 9 a v subtle way p5etrat$ ! :ole ?\ght ( to-day1 is t ! ess5tial fact ( life is ! exi/5ce ( innum]able ext]nal =ces1 :i*1 by a v delicate balance & difficult to ma9ta91 concur to produce ,man--:o 9 consequ5ce may at any mom5t be de/roy$ aga9 by ! non-concurr5ce ( ^? =ces4 ,! old] notion app>5tly is t ! ess5tial fact ( life is ,man himself2 & t ! ext]nal =ces1 s-call$1 are 9 "s way subsidi>y to ?is fact--t !y may aid 8 expression or manife/ation1 or t !y may h9d] x1 b t !y c nei!r create nor annihilate ! ,man4 ,probably bo? ways ( look+ at ! subject are important2 !re is a man t c be de/roy$1 & !re is a man t _c be de/roy$4 ,! old words1 s\l & body1 indicate ?is contra/2 b l all words !y are subject to ! defect t !y are an attempt to draw a l9e :]e no l9e c ultimately be drawn2 !y m>k a contra/ :]e1 9 fact1 !re is only cont9uity--= betwe5 ! little mortal man :o dwells "h & n[1 & ! div9e & univ]sal ,man :o also =ms a "p ( our consci\sness1 is !re n a p]fect gradation ( be+1 & :]e 7if any:]e7 is !re a gulf fix$8 ,toge!r !y =m a unit1 & ea* is necess>y to ! o!r3 ! fir/ _c d )\t ! second1 & ! second _c get along at all )\t ! fir/4 ,to use ! words ( ,angelus ,silesius 7quot$ by ,s*op5hau]71 ,i* weiss dass ohne mi* ,gott ni*t e9 ,nu kann leb54 ,accord+ !n to ! eld] conception1 & p]haps accord+ to an eld] exp]i5ce1 man1 to be really heal?y1 mu/ be a unit1 an entirety--8 m ext]nal & mom5t>y self /&+ 9 "s k9d ( filial relation to 8 m univ]sal & incorruptible "p--s t n only ! remote/ & out]mo/ regions ( ! body1 & all ! assimilative1 secretive1 & o!r processes belong+ !reto1 b ev5 ! ?\ghts & passions ( ! m9d itself1 /& 9 direct & cle> relation%ip to x1 ! f9al & absolute transp>5cy ( ! mortal creature4 ,& ?us ?is div9ity 9 ea* creature1 be+ t :i* con/itutes x & causes x to coh]e toge!r1 0 conceiv$ ( z t creature's savi\r1 heal]--heal] ( w\nds ( body & w\nds ( he>t--! ,man )9 ! man1 :om x 0 n only possible to "k1 b :om to "k & be unit$ ) 0 ! alone salvation4 ,?is1 ,i take x1 0 ! law ( heal?--& ( hol9ess--z accept$ at "s eld] "t ( human hi/ory1 & by u se5 z ?ro' a glass d>kly4 ,& ! condition ( disease1 & ( s91 "u ! same view1 0 ! rev]se ( ?is4 ,enfeeblem5t1 obscuration1 duplicity--! c5tral radiation block$2 less] & insubord9ate c5tres e/abli%+ & ass]t+ !mselves z aga9/ x2 division1 discord1 possession by devils4 ,?us 9 ! body1 ! e/abli%m5t ( an insubord9ate c5tre--a boil1 a tumor1 ! introduction & spread ( a g]m ) innum]able prog5y ?r\gh\t ! sy/em1 ! enl>gem5t out ( all reason ( an exi/+ organ--means disease4 ,9 ! m9d1 disease beg9s :5 any passion ass]ts itself z an indep5d5t c5tre ( ?\ght & action4 ,! condition ( heal? 9 ! m9d is loyalty to ! div9e ,man )9 x4#aj ,b if loyalty to money become an indep5d5t c5tre ( life1 or gre$ ( k1 or ( fame1 or ( dr9k2 jeal\sy1 lu/1 ! love ( approbation2 or m]e foll[+ aft] any s-call$ virtue = itself--purity1 humility1 consi/5cy1 or :at n--^! may gr[ to s]i\sly endang] ! o!r4 ,!y are1 or %\ld be1 subord9ates2 & ?\gh ov] a long p]iod _! insubord9ation may be a necess>y condition ( human progress1 yet dur+ all su* "t !y are at w> ) ea* o!r & ) ! c5tral ,w2 ! man is torn & torm5t$1 & is n happy4 ,& :5 ,i speak ?us sep>ately ( ! m9d & body1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 z already said1 t !re is no /rict l9e betwe5 !m2 b probably e affection or passion ( ! m9d has its correlative 9 ! condition ( ! body--?\gh ?is latt] may or may n be easily obs]vable4 ,gluttony is a fev] ( ! dige/ive app>atus4 ,:at is a ta9t 9 ! m9d is also a ta9t 9 ! body4 ,! /oma* has />t$ ! orig9al idea ( becom+ itself ! c5tre ( ! human sy/em4 ,! sexual organs may />t a simil> idea4 ,"h are di/9ct ?reats1 m5aces made aga9/ ! c5tral au?ority--aga9/ ! ,man himself4 ,= ! man mu/ rule or disappe>2 x is impossible to imag9e a man presid$ ov] by a ,/oma*--a walk+ ,/oma*1 us+ h&s1 feet1 & all o!r memb]s m]ely to c>ry x f place to place1 & s]ve its assimilative mania4 ,we call su* a "o an ,hog4 ,& ?us 9 ! !ory ( ,evolution we see ! place ( ! hog1 & all o!r animals1 z =e-runn]s or (f-%oots ( special faculties 9 ,man1 & :y ! true man1 & rightly1 has au?ority ov] all animals1 & c alone give !m _! place 9 creation4 ,s ( ! ,bra91 or any o!r organ2 = ! ,man is no organ1 resides 9 no organ1 b is ! c5tral life rul+ & radiat+ among all organs1 & assign+ !m _! arts to play4 ,disease !n1 9 body or m9d1 is f ?is po9t ( view ! break-up ( its unity1 its entirety1 into multiplicity4 ,x is ! abeyance ( a c5tral p[]1 & ! gr[? ( insubord9ate c5tres--life 9 ea* creature be+ conceiv$ ( z a cont9ual ex]cise ( en]gy or conque/1 by :i* ext]nal or antagoni/ic =ces 7& organisms7 are br\ght into subjection & compell$ into ! s]vice ( ! creature1 or are ?r[n (f z h>mful to x4 ,?us1 by way ( illu/ration1 we f9d t plants or animals1 :5 9 good heal?1 h a rem>kable p[] ( ?r[+ (f ! attacks ( any p>asites :i* incl9e to infe/ !m2 :ile ^? t are weakly are v soon eat5 up by ! same4 ,a rose-tree1 = in/ance1 br\ght indoors1 w soon fall a prey to ! aphis--?\gh :5 h>d5$ out ( doors ! pe/ makes next to no impression on x4 ,9 dry seasons :5 ! "y turnip plants 9 ! fields are weakly f want ( wat] ! entire crop is sometimes de/roy$ by ! turnip fly1 :i* !n multiplies enorm\sly2 b if a %[] or two ( ra9 come be=e mu* damage is done ! plant w !n gr[ vigor\sly1 its tissues become m robu/ & resi/ ! attacks ( ! fly1 :i* 9 its turn dies4 ,late inve/igations seem to %[ t "o ( ! functions ( ! :ite corpuscles 9 ! blood is to dev\r disease-g]ms & bact]ia pres5t 9 ! circulation--?us absorb+ ^! organisms into subjection to ! c5tral life ( ! body--& t ) ?is object !y congregate 9 numb]s t[>d any "p ( ! body :i* is w\nd$ or diseas$4 ,or to take an example f society1 x is cle> en\gh t if our social life 7 really vivid & heal?y1 su* p>asitic products z ! idle %>ehold] & ! policeman above-m5tion$ w\ld simply be impossible4 ,! mat]ial on :i* !y prey w\ld n exi/1 & !y w\ld ei!r p]i% or be transmut$ into useful =ms4 ,x seems obvi\s 9 fact t life 9 any organism c only be ma9ta9$ by "s su* processes z ^!--by :i* p>asitic or infe/+ organisms are ei!r ?r[n (f or absorb$ into subjection4 ,to def9e ! nature ( ! p[] :i* ?us works t[>ds & creates ! di/9ctive unity ( ea* organism may be difficult1 is probably at pres5t impossible1 b t "s su* p[] exi/s we c h>dly refuse to admit4 ,probably x is m a subject ( ! gr[? ( our consci\sness1 ?an an object ( ext]nal sci5tific inve/igation4 ,9 ?is view1 ,dea? is simply ! loos5+ & t]m9ation ( ! action ( ?is p[]--ov] c]ta9 regions ( ! organism2 a process by :i*1 :5 ^! sup]ficial p>ts become h>d5$ & osse\s1 z 9 old age1 or irrep>ably damag$1 z 9 cases ( accid5t1 ! inw>d be+ sl\ghs !m (f1 & passes into o!r sph]es4 ,9 ! case ( man !re may be noble & !re may be ignoble dea?1 z !re may be noble & ignoble life4 ,! inw>d self1 unable to ma9ta9 au?ority ov] ! =ces committ$ to its *>ge1 decl9+ f its high pr]ogative1 sw>m$ ov] by p>asites1 & fall5 p>tially into ! clut* ( obsc5e foes1 may at la/ ) %ame & torm5t be driv5 =? f ! temple 9 :i* x ought to h be5 supreme4 ,or1 hav+ fulfill$ a holy & :olesome "t1 hav+ radiat$ div9e life & love ?r\gh all ! *annels ( body & m9d1 & z a p]fect workman uses 8 tools1 s hav+ ) p]fect ma/]y & non*alance us$ all ! mat]ials committ$ to x1 x may quietly & peacefully lay ^! d[n1 & un*ang$ 7absolutely un*ang$ to all b mat]ial eyes7 pass on to o!r sph]es appo9t$4 ,& n[ a few words on ! m$ical aspect ( ! subject4 ,if we accept any !ory 7ev5 remotely simil> to t j indicat$7 to ! effect t ,heal? is a positive ?+1 & n a m]e negation ( disease1 x becomes pretty cle> t no m]e inve/igation ( ! latt] w enable u to f9d out :at ! =m] is1 or br+ u ne>] to x4 ,y might z well try to create ! ebb & fl[ ( ! tides by an organis$ sy/em ( mops4 ,turn y\r back ^u ! ,sun & g =? into ! wild]nesses ( space till y come to ^? limits :]e ! rays ( light1 fa9t ) di/ance1 fall dim ^u ! conf9es ( et]nal d>kness--& phantoms & %ad[s 9 ! half-light are ! product ( ! wav]+ conflict betwixt day & night--inve/igate ^! %ad[s1 describe !m1 classify !m1 record ! *anges :i* take place 9 !m1 erect 9 va/ libr>ies ^! records into a monum5t ( human indu/ry & rese>*2 s %all y be at ! end z ne> to a k & und]/&+ ( ! sun itself--:i* all ?is "t y h left beh9d y1 & on :i* y h turn$ y\r back--z ! inve/igators ( disease are to a k & und]/&+ ( :at heal? is4 ,! sol> rays illum9e ! out] _w & give to x its unity & entirety2 s 9 ! inn] _w ( ea* individual possibly is !re ano!r ,sun1 :i* illum9es & gives unity to ! man1 & ^: w>m? & light w\ld p]meate 8 sy/em4 ,wait ^u ! %9+ =? ( ?is inw>d sun1 give free access & welcome to its rays ( love1 & free passage = !m into ! common _w ar\nd y1 & x may be y w get to "k m ab\t heal? ?an all ! books ( m$ic9e conta91 or c tell y4 ,or to take ! =m] simile3 x is ! c5tral =ce ( ! ,moon :i* act+ on ! great ocean makes all its wat]s "o1 & causes !m to rise & fall 9 timely cons5t4 ,b take y\r moon away2 hey6 n[ ! tide is fl[+ too f> d[n ?is e/u>y6 ,/ation y\r ?\s&s ) mops1 b x breaks ?r\gh 9 *annel & runlet6 ,block x "h1 b x ov]fl[s 9 a neighbor+ bay6 ,appo9t an army ( swabs !re1 b to :at end8 ,! inf9ite/ c>e along ! fr+e ( ?is great sea c nev] d1 ) all imag9able dirt & confusion1 :at ! c5tral p[] does easily1 & ) un]r+ grace & provid5ce4 ,& s ( ! great 7! va/ & wond]ful7 ocean :i* ebbs & fl[s )9 a man--take away ! c5tral guide--& n #bj1jjj doctors1 ea* ) #bj1jjj books to consult & #bj1jjj phials ( diff]5t cont5ts to adm9i/]1 c\ld meet ! myriad cases ( disease :i* w\ld ensue1 or bol/] up into :ol5ess ! be+ f :om ! s+le radiant unity _h dep>t$4 ,probably !re has nev] be5 an age1 nor any c\ntry 7except ,yankee-l&87 9 :i* disease has be5 s g5]ally preval5t z 9 ,engl& to-day2 & c]ta9ly !re has nev] 7) ! same exception7 be5 an age or c\ntry 9 :i* doctors h s sw>m$1 or 9 :i* m$ical sci5ce has be5 s p[]ful1 9 app>atus1 9 le>n+1 9 au?ority1 & 9 actual organisation & numb] ( adh]5ts4 ,h[ reconcile ?is contradiction--if inde$ a contradiction x be8 ,b ! fact is t m$ical sci5ce does n contradict disease--any m ?an laws aboli% crime4 ,m$ical sci5ce--& d\btless = v good reasons--makes a feti% ( disease1 & dances ar\nd x4 ,x is 7z a rule7 only se5 :]e disease is2 x writes enorm\s tomes on disease2 x induces disease 9 animals 7& ev5 m57 = ! purpose ( /udy+ x2 x kn[s1 to a m>vel\s ext5t1 ! symptoms ( disease1 its nature1 its causes1 its go+s out & its com+s 92 its eyes are p]petually fix$ on disease1 till disease 7= x7 becomes ! ma9 fact ( ! _w & ! ma9 object ( its wor%ip4 ,ev5 :at is s gracefully call$ ,hygi5e does n get beyond ?is negative attitude4 ,& ! _w /ill waits = its ,heal]1 :o %all tell u--diseas$ & suff]+ z we are--:at heal? is1 :]e x is to be f\nd1 :5ce x fl[s2 & :o hav+ t\*$ ?is wond]ful p[] )9 himself %all n re/ till he has proclaim$ & imp>t$ x to m54 ,no1 m$ical sci5ce does n1 9 ! ma91 contradict disease4 ,! same cause 7infidelity & decay ( ! c5tral life 9 m57 :i* creates disease & makes m5 liable to x1 creates /ud5ts & a sci5ce ( ! subject4 ,! ,moon#aa hav+ gone f ov] ! wat]s1 ! good p ru% =? ) _! mops2 & ! untimely inundations1 & ! mops & ! mess & ! po!r1 are all due to ! same cause4 ,z to ! lodgm5t ( disease1 x is cle> t ?is w\ld take place easily 9 a disorganis$ sy/em--j z a s$iti\s adv5tur] w\ld easily effect a l&+1 & w\ld f9d insubord9ate mat]ials ready at h& = 8 use1 9 a l& :]e ! c5tral gov]nm5t 0 weak4 ,& z to ! treatm5t ( a disease s introduc$ !re are obvi\sly two me?ods3 "o is to re9=ce ! c5tral p[] till x is suffici5tly /rong ( itself to eject ! insubord9ate elem5ts & re/ore ord]2 ! o!r is to attack ! malady f outside & if possible de/roy x--7z by doses & decoctions7--indep5d5tly ( ! inn] vitality1 & leav+ t z x 0 be=e4 ,! fir/ me?od w\ld seem ! be/1 mo/ durable & effective2 b x is difficult & sl[4 ,x consi/s 9 ! adoption ( a heal?y life1 bodily & m5tal1 & w be spok5 ( lat] on4 ,! second may be *>act]is$ z ! m$ical me?od1 & is valuable1 or r ,i %\ld be incl9$ to say1 w be valuable1 :5 x has f\nd its place1 :i* is to be subsidi>y to ! fir/4 ,x is too (t51 h[ev]1 reg>d$ z sup]ior 9 importance1 & 9 ?is way1 ?\gh easy ( application1 has come p]haps to be productive ( m h>m ?an good4 ,! disease may be brok5 d[n = ! "t be+1 b1 ! roots ( x n be+ de/roy$1 x soon spr+s up aga9 9 ! same or a new =m1 & ! pati5t is z badly (f z ev]4 ,! great positive =ce ( ,heal?1 & ! p[] :i* x has to expel disease f its neighborhood is a ?+ realis$1 ,i believe1 by few p]sons4 ,b x has be5 realis$ on e>?1 & w be realis$ aga9 :5 ! m squalid elem5ts ( our pres5t-day civilisation h pass$ away4 ,,iii ,! result !n ( our digression is to %[ t ,heal?--9 body or m9d--means unity1 integration z oppos$ to dis9tegration4 ,9 ! animals we f9d ?is physical unity exi/+ to a rem>kable degree4 ,an almo/ un]r+ in/9ct & selective p[] rules _! actions & organisation4 ,?us a cat be=e x has fall5 7say be=e x has become a v :eezy fireside pussy67 is 9 a s5se p]fect4 ,! wond]ful cons5t ( its limbs z x runs or leaps1 ! adaptation ( its muscles1 ! exactness & inevitabl5ess ( its in/9cts1 physical & affectional2 its s5ses ( sight & smell1 its cleanl9ess1 nicety z to food1 mo!rly tact1 ! expression ( its :ole body :5 enrag$1 or :5 wat*+ = prey--all ^! ?+s are s to speak absolute & in/antane\s--& fill "o ) admiration4 ,! creature is :ole or 9 "o piece3 !re is no m5tionable conflict or division )9 x4#ab ,simil>ly ) ! o!r animals1 & ev5 ) ! e>ly man himself4 ,& s x w\ld appe> return+ to our subject--t1 if we accept ! doctr9e ( ,evolution1 !re is a progression ( animat$ be+s--:i*1 ?\gh n p]fect1 possess 9 ! ma9 ! attribute ( ,heal?--f ! l[e/ =ms up to a heal?y & in/9ctive ?\gh c]ta9ly limit$ man4 ,dur+ all ?is /age ! c5tral law is 9 ! asc5dant1 & ! physical frame ( ea* creature is ! fairly clean vehicle ( its expression--v>y+ ( c\rse 9 complexity & degree accord+ to ! po9t ( unfoldm5t :i* has be5 rea*$4 ,& :5 ?us 9 ! long process ( developm5t ! inn] ,man 7:i* has la9 hidd5 or dormant )9 ! animal7 at la/ appe>s1 & ! creature consequ5tly takes on ! out] frame & faculties ( ! human be+1 :i* are only z !y are because ( ! inn] man :i* !y repres5t2 :5 x has pass$ ?r\gh /age aft] /age ( animal life1 ?r[+ out t5tative types & lik5esses ( :at is to come1 & go+ ?r\gh innum]able prelim9>y ex]cises 9 special =ms & faculties1 till at la/ x beg9s to be able to we> ! full maje/y ( manhood itself--!n x w\ld seem t t long process ( developm5t is draw+ to a close1 & t ! goal ( creation mu/ be )9 measurable di/ance4 ,b !n1 at t v mom5t1 & :5 ! goal is1 s to speak1 9 sight1 occurs ?is failure ( :ol5ess ( :i* we h spok51 ?is p>tial break-up ( ! unity ( human nature--& man1 in/ead ( go+ =w>d any long] 9 ! same l9e z be=e1 to all appe>ance falls4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is loss ( unity8 ,:at is ! cause & purpose ( ?is fall & c5turies-long exile f ! e>li] ,p>adise8 ,!re c be b "o answ]4 ,x is self-k--7:i* involves 9 a s5se ! ab&onm5t ( self74 ,man has to become consci\s ( 8 de/9y--to lay hold ( & realise 8 own fre$om & bless$ness--to transf] 8 consci\sness f ! out] & mortal "p ( him to ! inn] & undy+4 ,! cat _c d ?is4 ,?\gh p]fect 9 its degree1 its int]ior unfoldm5t is yet incomplete4 ,! human s\l )9 x has n yet come =w>d & decl>$ itself2 "s %ea?+ leaves h yet to op5 be=e ! div9e fl[]-bud c be cle>ly se54 ,& :5 at la/ 7speak+ z a fool7 ! cat becomes a man--:5 ! human s\l )9 ! creature has climb$ itself =w>d & f\nd expression1 trans=m+ ! out] frame 9 ! process into t ( humanity--7:i* is ! mean+ ,i suppose ( ! evolution !ory7--!n ! creature1 ?\gh p]fect & radiant 9 ! =m ( ,man1 /ill lacks "o ?+4 ,x lacks ! k ( itself2 x lacks its own id5tity1 & ! realisation ( ! manhood to :i* z a fact x has atta9$4 ,9 ! animals consci\sness has nev] return$ ^u itself4 ,x radiates easily outw>ds2 & ! creature obeys )\t let or hesitation1 & ) little if any self-consci\sness1 ! law ( its be+4 ,& :5 man fir/ appe>s on ! e>?1 & ev5 up to ! ?re%old ( :at we call civilisation1 !re is mu* to %[ t he %\ld 9 ?is respect /ill be class$ ) ! animals4 ,?\gh va/ly sup]ior to !m 9 atta9m5ts1 physical & m5tal1 9 p[] ov] nature1 capacity ( progress1 & adaptability1 he /ill 9 ^! e>li] /ages 0 l an animal 9 ! unconsci\s in/9ctive nature ( 8 action2 & on ! o!r h&1 ?\gh 8 moral & intellectual /ructures 7 f> less complete ?an ^? ( ! mod]n man--z 0 a necess>y result ( ! abs5ce ( self-k--he actually liv$ m 9 h>mony ) himself & ) nature1#ac ?an does 8 desc5dant2 8 impulses1 bo? physical & social1 7 cle>] & m unhesitat+2 & 8 unconsci\sness ( inn] discord & s9 a great contra/ to our mod]n condition ( ev]la/+ /rife & p]plexity4 ,if !n to ?is /age belongs "s degree ( human p]fection & felicity1 yet !re rema9s a mu* va/] height to be scal$4 ,! human s\l :i* has w&]$ d>kl+ = s _m ?\s&s ( ye>s1 f its t9y sp>k-l g]m 9 "s l[ =m ( life to its full spl5dor & dignity 9 man1 has yet to come to ! k ( its wond]ful h]itage1 has yet to become f9ally individualis$ & free1 to "k itself immortal1 to resume & int]pret all its pa/ lives1 & to ent] 9 triumph into ! k+dom :i* x has won4 ,x has 9 fact to face ! frightful /ruggle ( self-consci\sness1 or ! dis5tanglem5t ( ! true self f ! fleet+ & p]i%able self4 ,! animals & man1 unfall51 are heal?y & free f c>e1 b unaw>e ( :at !y are2 to atta9 self-k man mu/ fall2 he mu/ become less ?an 8 true self2 he mu/ endure imp]fection2 division & /rife mu/ ent] 8 nature4 ,to realise ! p]fect ,life1 to "k :at1 h[ wond]ful x is--to und]/& t all bless$ness & fre$om consi/s 9 its possession--he mu/ = ! mom5t suff] divorce f x2 ! unity1 ! repose ( 8 nature mu/ be brok5 up1 crime1 disease & unre/ mu/ ent] 91 & by contra/ he mu/ atta9 to k4 ,curi\s t at ! v dawn ( ! ,greek & ) x ! ,european civilisation we h ! my/ic words ,"k ,?yself inscrib$ on ! temple ( ! ,delphic ,apollo2 & t fir/ among ! leg5ds ( ! ,semitic race /&s t ( ,adam & ,eve eat+ ( ! tree ( ! ,k ( good & evil6 ,to ! animal !re is no su* k1 to ! e>ly man !re 0 no su* k1 & to ! p]fect$ man ( ! future !re w be no su* k4 ,x is a tempor>y p]v]sion1 indicat+ ! disunion ( ! pres5t-day man--! disunion ( ! out] self f ! inn]--! horrible dual self-consci\sness--:i* is ! means ultimately ( a m p]fect & consci\s union ?an c\ld ev] h be5 realis$ )\t x--! dea? t is swall[$ up 9 victory4 ,= ! fir/ man is ( ! e>?1 e>?y2 b ! second man is ! ,"l f heav54 ,9 ord] !n1 at ?is po9t 9 8 ,evolution1 to advance any f>!r1 ,man mu/ fir/ fall2 9 ord] to "k1 he mu/ lose4 ,9 ord] to realise :at ,heal? is1 h[ spl5did & glori\s a possession1 he mu/ g ?r\gh all ! long negative exp]i5ce ( ,disease2 9 ord] to "k ! p]fect social life1 to und]/& :at p[] & happ9ess to mank9d are involv$ 9 _! true relation to ea* o!r1 he mu/ le>n ! mis]y & suff]+ :i* come f m]e individualism & gre$2 & 9 ord] to f9d 8 true ,manhood1 to discov] :at a wond]ful p[] x is1 he mu/ fir/ lose x--he mu/ become a prey & a slave to 8 own passions & desires--:irl$ away l ,phae?on by ! horses :i* he _c control4 ,?is mom5t ( divorce1 !n1 ?is p>5!sis 9 human progress1 cov]s ! gr\nd ( all ,hi/ory2 & ! :ole ( ,civilisation1 & all crime & disease1 are only ! mat]ials ( its imm5se purpose--!mselves de/9$ to pass away z !y arose1 b to leave _! fruits et]nal4 ,accord+ly we f9d t x has be5 ! "w ( ,civilisation--f\nd$ z we h se5 on ,prop]ty--9 e way to dis9tegrate & corrupt man--lit]ally to corrupt--to break up ! unity ( 8 nature4 ,x beg9s ) ! ab&onm5t ( ! primitive life & ! gr[? ( ! s5se ( %ame 7z 9 ! my? ( ,adam & ,eve74 ,f ?is foll[s ! dis[nm5t ( ! sacr$ness ( sex4 ,sexual acts cease to be a "p ( religi\s wor%ip2 love & desire--! inn] & ! out] love--hi!rto undiff]5tiat$1 n[ become two sep>ate ?+s4 7,?is no d\bt a necess>y /age 9 ord] = ! developm5t ( ! consci\sness ( love1 b 9 itself only pa9ful & abnormal47 ,x culm9ates & comes to an end1 z to-day1 9 a complete divorce betwe5 ! spiritual reality & ! bodily fulfilm5t--9 a va/ sy/em ( comm]cial love1 b\ght & sold1 9 ! bro!l & 9 ! palace4 ,x beg9s ) ! =sak+ ( ! h>dy nature-life1 & x ends ) a society brok5 d[n & pro/rate1 h>dly recognisable z human1 amid e =m ( luxury1 pov]ty & disease4 ,he :o _h be5 ! free *ild ( ,nature d5ies 8 son%ip2 he dis[ns ! v brea/s t suckl$ him4 ,he delib]ately turns 8 back ^u ! light ( ! sun1 & hides himself away 9 boxes ) brea?+ holes 7:i* he calls h\ses71 liv+ ev] m & m 9 d>kness & asphyxia1 & only com+ =? p]haps once a day to bl9k at ! bright god1 or to run back aga9 at ! fir/ brea? ( ! free w9d = fe> ( cat*+ cold6 ,he muffles himself 9 ! ca/-(f furs ( ! bea/s1 e c5tury swa?+ himself 9 m & m lay]s1 m & m fe>fully & wond]fully fa%ion$1 till he ceases to be recognisable z ! ,man t 0 once ! cr[n ( ! animals1 & pres5ts a m ludicr\s spectacle ?an ! monkey t sits on 8 own b>rel organ4 ,he ceases to a great ext5t to use 8 muscles1 8 feet become p>tially deg5]ate1 8 tee? :olly1 8 dige/ion s en]vat$ t he has to cook 8 food & make pulps ( all 8 victuals1 & 8 :ole sy/em s obvi\sly on ! decl9e t at la/ 9 ! end ( "t a ,kay ,rob9son arises & prophesies z a=esaid1 t he w be=e long become :olly too?less1 bald & toeless4 ,& s ) ?is d5ial ( ,nature comes e =m ( disease2 fir/ delicatesse1 da9t9ess1 luxury2 !n unbalance1 en]vation1 huge susceptibility to pa94 ,) ! %utt+ ( himself away f ! all-heal+ ,p[]1 man inevitably weak5s 8 :ole manhood2 ! c5tral bond is loos5$1 & he falls a prey to 8 own organs4 ,he :o be=e 0 unaw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! latt]1 n[ becomes only too consci\s ( !m 7& ?is--is x n ! v object ( ! process872 ! /oma*1 ! liv] & ! sple5 />t out into pa9ful di/9ctness be=e him1 ! he>t loses its equable beat1 ! lungs _! cont9uity ) ! univ]sal air1 & ! bra9 becomes hot & fev]$2 ea* organ 9 turn ass]ts itself abnormally & becomes a seat ( disord]1 e corn] & cranny ( ! body becomes ! sc5e & symbol ( disease1 & ,man gazes agha/ at 8 own k+dom--^: ext5t he _h nev] suspect$ be=e--n[ all ablaze 9 wild revolt aga9/ him4 ,& !n--all go+ ) ?is p]iod ( 8 developm5t--sweep va/ epidemic tra9s ov] ! face ( ! e>?1 plagues & fev]s & lunacies & _w-wide fe/]+ sores1 foll[$ by armies1 ev] gr[+1 ( doctors--!y too ) _! ret9ues ( books & bottles1 vacc9ations & vivisections1 & gr9n+ dea?'s-heads 9 ! re>--a mad crew1 kn[+ n :at !y d1 yet all unconsci\sly1 d\btless1 fulfill+ ! great age-long de/9y ( humanity4 ,9 all ?is ! influ5ce ( ,prop]ty is app>5t en\gh4 ,x is evid5t t ! gr[? ( prop]ty ?r\gh ! increase ( man's p[]s ( production reacts on ! man 9 ?ree ways3 to draw him away namely1 7#a7 f ,nature1 7#b7 f 8 true ,self1 7#c7 f 8 ,fell[s4 ,9 ! fir/ place x draws him away f ,nature4 ,t is1 t z man's p[] ov] mat]ials increases he creates = himself a sph]e & an environm5t ( 8 own1 9 "s s5se ap>t & diff]5t f ! great elem5tal _w ( ! w9ds & ! waves1 ! woods & ! m\nta9s1 9 :i* he has hi!rto liv$4 ,he creates :at we call ! artificial life1 ( h\ses & cities1 &1 %utt+ himself up 9 ^!1 %uts ,nature out4 ,z a gr[+ boy at a c]ta9 po9t1 & p>tly 9 ord] to ass]t 8 indep5d5ce1 wre/s himself away f ! t5d] c>e ( 8 "m1 & ev5 displays--j = ! "t be+--a _s ( opposition to h]1 s ! gr[+ ,man f9d+ out 8 own p[]s uses !m--= ! "t--ev5 to d despite to ,nature1 & to create himself a _w 9 :i* %e %all h no "p4 ,9 ! second place ! gr[? ( prop]ty draws man away f 8 true ,self4 ,?is is cle> en\gh4 ,z 8 p[] ov] mat]ials & 8 possessions increases1 man f9ds ! means ( gratify+ 8 s5ses at w4 ,in/ead ( be+ guid$ any long] by t cont95t & :ole in/9ct :i* *>act]ises ! animals1 8 *ief motive is n[ to use 8 p[]s to gratify ?is or t s5se or desire4 ,^! become abnormally magnifi$1 & ! man soon places 8 ma9 good 9 _! satisfaction2 & ab&ons 8 true ,self = 8 organs1 ! :ole = ! p>ts4 ,prop]ty draws ! man outw>ds1 /imulat+ ! ext]nal "p ( 8 be+1 & = a "t ma/]+ him1 ov]p[]s ! c5tral ,w1 & br+s ab\t 8 dis9tegration & corruption4 ,la/ly1 ,prop]ty by ?us /imulat+ ! ext]nal & selfi% nature 9 ,man1 draws him away f 8 ,fell[s4 ,9 ! anxiety to possess ?+s = himself1 9 ord] to gratify 8 own bumps1 he is necess>ily br\ght into conflict ) 8 neighbor & comes to reg>d him z an enemy4 ,= ! true ,self ( man consi/s 9 8 organic relation ) ! :ole body ( 8 fell[s2 & :5 ! man ab&ons 8 true ,self he ab&ons also 8 true relation to 8 fell[s4 ,! mass-,man mu/ rule 9 ea* unit-man1 else ! unit-man w drop (f & die4 ,b :5 ! out] man tries to sep>ate himself f ! inn]1 ! unit-man f ! mass-,man1 !n ! reign ( individuality beg9s--a false & impossible individuality ( c\rse1 b ! only means ( com+ to ! consci\sness ( ! true individuality4 ,) ! adv5t ( a ,civilisation !n f\nd$ on ,prop]ty ! unity ( ! old tribal society is brok5 up4 ,! ties ( blood relation%ip :i* 7 ! f\ndation ( ! g5tile sy/em & ! gu>antees ( ! old frat]nity & equality become dissolv$ 9 favor ( p[]s & au?orities f\nd$ on m]e possession4 ,! gr[? ( ,weal? dis9tegrates ! anci5t ,society2 ! temptations ( p[]1 ( possession1 etc41 :i* accompany x1 wr5* ! individual f 8 moor+s2 p]sonal gre$ rules2 ea* man = himself becomes ! univ]sal motto2 ! h& ( e man is rais$ aga9/ 8 bro!r1 & at la/ society itself becomes an organisation by :i* ! ri* fatt5 ^u ! vitals ( ! poor1 ! /rong ^u ! murd] ( ! weak4 ,x is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection to f9d t ,lewis ,morgan makes ! inv5tion ( a writt5 alphabet & ! gr[? ( ! conception ( private prop]ty ! ma9 *>act]i/ics ( ! civilisation-p]iod z di/+ui%$ f ! p]iods ( savag]y & b>b>ism :i* prec$$ x2 = ! inv5tion ( writ+ m>ks p]haps bett] ?an any?+ else c\ld d ! p]iod :5 ,man becomes self-consci\s--:5 he records 8 own do+s & ?\ghts1 & s comm5ces ,hi/ory prop]2 & ! gr[? ( private prop]ty m>ks ! p]iod :5 he beg9s to sund] himself f 8 fell[s1 :5 !re=e ! conception ( s9 7or sep>ation7 fir/ ent]s 91 & ) x all ! long p]iod ( moral p]plexity1 & ! d5ial ( t community ( life betwe5 himself & 8 fell[s :i* is really ( ! ess5ce ( man's be+4 ,& !n arises ! in/itution ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,hi!rto ?is _h n exi/$ except 9 a q rudim5t>y =m4 ,! e>ly communities tr\bl$ !mselves little ab\t individual own]%ip1 & :at gov]nm5t !y _h 0 = ! mo/ "p ess5tially democratic--z be+ m]ely a *oice ( lead]s among blood-relations & social equals4 ,b :5 ! delusion t man c exi/ = himself alone--8 out] &1 z x 71 accid5tal self ap>t f ! great inn] & cosmical self by :i* he is "o ) 8 fell[s--:5 ?is delusion takes possession ( him1 x is n long be=e x f9ds expression 9 "s sy/em ( private prop]ty4 ,! old community ( life & enjoym5t passes away1 & ea* man tries to grab ! utmo/ he c1 & to retire into 8 own lair = its consumption4 ,private accumulations arise2 ! natural fl[ ( ! b\nties ( life is damm$ back1 & artificial b>ri]s ( ,law h to be con/ruct$ 9 ord] to pres]ve ! unequal levels4 ,outrage & ,fraud foll[ 9 ! wake ( ! desire ( possession2 =ce has to be us$ by ! possessors 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! law-b>ri]s aga9/ ! non-possessors2 classes are =m$2 & f9ally ! =mal ,gov]nm5t arises1 ma9ly z ! expression ( su* =ce2 & pres]ves itself1 z be/ x c1 until su* "t z ! inequalities :i* x upholds become too gl>+1 & ! p5t social wat]s ga!r+ head bur/ ?r\gh once m & rega9 _! natural levels4 ,?us ,morgan 9 8 ,anci5t ,society po9ts out ov] & ov] aga9 t ! civilis$ /ate re/s ^u t]ritorial & prop]ty m>ks & qualifications1 & n ^u a p]sonal basis z did ! anci5t g5s1 or ! tribe2 & t ! civilis$ gov]nm5t correspond+ly takes on q a diff]5t "* & function f ! simple organisation ( ! g5s4 ,he says 7p4 #abd71 ,mon>*y is incompatible ) g5tilism4 ,also ) reg>d to ! relation ( ,prop]ty to ,civilisation & ,gov]nm5t he makes ! foll[+ pregnant rem>ks 7p4 #eje73 ,x is impossible to ov]-e/imate ! influ5ce ( prop]ty 9 ! civilisation ( mank9d4 ,x 0 ! p[] t br\ght ! ,aryan & ,semitic nations out ( b>b>ism into civilisation4 ,! gr[? ( ! idea ( prop]ty 9 ! human m9d comm5c$ 9 feebl5ess & end$ 9 becom+ its ma/] passion4 ,gov]nm5ts & ,laws are in/itut$ ) prim>y ref]5ce to its creation1 protection & enjoym5t4 ,x introduc$ human slav]y z an in/rum5t 9 its production2 & aft] ! exp]i5ce ( sev]al ?\s& ye>s x caus$ ! abolition ( slav]y ^u ! discov]y t a freeman 0 a bett] prop]ty-mak+ ma*9e4 ,& 9 ano!r passage on ! same subject1 ,! dissolution ( society bids fair to become ! t]m9ation ( a c>e] ( :i* prop]ty is ! end & aim2 because su* a c>e] conta9s ! elem5ts ( self-de/ruction4 ,democracy is ! next high] plane4 ,x w be a revival 9 a high] =m ( ! lib]ty1 equality & frat]nity ( ! anci5t g5tes4 ,! in/itution ( ,gov]nm5t is 9 fact ! evid5ce 9 social life t man has lo/ 8 inn] & c5tral control1 & !re=e mu/ resort to an outw>d "o4 ,los+ t\* ) ! inw>d ,man--:o is 8 true guide--he decl9es ^u an ext]nal law1 :i* mu/ always be false4 ,if ea* man rema9$ 9 organic adhesion to ! g5]al body ( 8 fell[s1 no s]i\s dis-h>mony c\ld occur2 b x is :5 ?is vital unity ( ! body politic becomes weak t x has to be pres]v$ by artificial means1 & ?us x is t ) ! decay ( ! primitive & in/9ctive social life !re spr+s up a =m ( gov]nm5t :i* is no long] ! democratic expression ( ! life ( ! :ole p2 b a k9d ( outside au?ority & compulsion ?ru/ ^u !m by a rul+ class or ca/e4 ,p]haps ! s9c]e/1 & (t5 ?\gh n always ! e>lie/1 =m ( ,gov]nm5t is ,mon>*y4 ,! s5tim5t ( human unity hav+ be5 already p>tly b n q lo/1 ! p *oose--9 ord] to hold society toge!r--a man to rule ov] !m :o has ?is s5tim5t 9 a high degree4 ,he repres5ts ! true ,man & !re=e ! p4 ,?is is (t5 a "t ( ext5sive w>f>e & ! =mation ( nations4 ,& x is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection to note t ! q e>ly ,k+s or lead]s ( ea* nation j prior to ! civilisation p]iod 7 g5]ally associat$ ) ! highe/ religi\s functions1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,roman rex1 ! ,greek basileus1 ! e>ly ,egyptian ,k+s1 ,moses among ! ,israelites1 & ,druid lead]s ( ! ,britons1 & s on4 ,lat]1 & z ! c5tral au?ority gets m & m %ad[y 9 ea* man1 & ! ext]nal attraction ( ,prop]ty great]1 s x does 9 ,society4 ,! temporal & spiritual p[]s "p company4 ,! k+--:o at fir/ repres5t$ ! ,div9e ,_s or s\l ( society1 rec$es into ! backgr\nd1 & 8 nobles ( high degree 7:o may be comp>$ to ! nobl]1 m g5]\s1 qualities ( ! m9d7 beg9 to take 8 place4 ,?is is ! ,ari/ocracy & ! ,feudal ,age--! ,timocracy ( ,plato2 & is m>k$ by ! appe>ance ( l>ge private t5ures ( l&1 & ! gr[? ( slav]y & s]fdom--! slav]y ?us outw>dly appe>+ 9 society be+ ! symbol ( ! inw>d enslavem5t ( ! man4 ,!n comes ! ,comm]cial ,age--! ,olig>*y or ,plutocracy ( ,plato4 ,hon\r q gives place to mat]ial weal?2 ! rul]s rule n by p]sonal or h]$it>y1 b by prop]ty qualifications4 ,p>liam5ts & ,con/itutions & g5]al ,palav] are ! ord] ( ! day4 ,wage-slav]y1 usury1 mortgages1 & o!r abom9ations1 indicate ! advance ( ! mortal process4 ,9 ! individual man ga9 is ! end ( exi/5ce2 indu/ry & sci5tific cunn+ are 8 topmo/ virtues4 ,la/ ( all ! break-up is complete4 ,! individual loses all memory & tradition ( 8 heav5ly guide & c\nt]p>t2 8 nobl] passions fail = want ( a lead] to :om to d$icate !mselves2 8 indu/ry & 8 intellect s]ve b to m9i/] to 8 little sw>m+ desires4 ,?is is ! era ( an>*y--! democracy ( ,c>lyle2 ! rule ( ! rabble1 & mob-law2 caucuses & cackle1 competition & univ]sal gre$1 break+ out 9 canc]\s tyrannies & plutocracies--a m]e *aos & confusion ( society4 ,= j z we saw 9 ! human body1 :5 ! inn] & positive =ce ( ,heal? has dep>t$ f x1 t x falls a prey to p>asites :i* ov]spread & dev\r x2 s1 :5 ! c5tral inspiration dep>ts out ( social life1 does x wri! ) ! m]e maggots ( individual gre$1 & at l5g? fall "u ! dom9ion ( ! mo/ mon/r\s egoti/ :o has be5 br$ f its corruption4 ,?us we h briefly sket*$ ! progress ( ! symptoms ( ! disease1 :i*1 z said be=e1 runs mu* 7?\gh n q7 ! same c\rse 9 ! v>i\s nations :i* x attacks4 ,& if ?is la/ /age 7 really ! end ( all1 & ! true ,democracy1 !re 7 inde$ little left to hope =4 ,no words ( ,c>lyle c\ld bla/ t black en\gh4 ,b ?is is no true ,democracy4 ,"h 9 ?is ea* = himself is no rule ( ! ,demos 9 e man1 nor any?+ resembl+ x4 ,"h is no solid>ity su* z exi/$ 9 ! anci5t tribes & primval society1 b only dis9tegration & a du/-heap4 ,! true ,democracy has yet to come4 ,"h 9 ?is pres5t /age is only ! f9al d5ial ( all outw>d & class gov]nm5t1 9 prep>ation = ! re/oration ( ! inn] & true au?ority4 ,"h 9 ?is /age ! task ( civilisation comes to an end2 ! purport & object ( all ^! c5turies is fulfill$2 ! bitt] exp]i5ce t mank9d _h to pass ?r\gh is complet$2 & out ( ?is ,dea? & all ! torture & unre/ :i* accompanies x1 comes at la/ ! ,resurrection4 ,man has s\nd$ ! dep?s ( ali5ation f 8 own div9e _s1 he has drunk ! dregs ( ! cup ( suff]+1 he has lit]ally desc5d$ into ,hell2 h5ce=? he turns1 bo? 9 ! individual & 9 society1 & m\nts delib]ately & consci\sly back aga9 t[>ds ! unity :i* he has lo/4#ad ,& ! false democracy p>ts aside = ! disclosure ( ! true ,democracy :i* has be5 =m$ b5ea? x--:i* is n an ext]nal gov]nm5t at all1 b an inw>d rule--! rule ( ! mass-,man 9 ea* unit-man4 ,= no outw>d gov]nm5t c be any?+ b a make-%ift--a tempor>y h>d *rysalis-%ea? to hold ! grub toge!r :ile ! new life is =m+ inside--a device ( ! civilisation-p]iod4 ,f>!r ?an ?is x _c g1 s9ce no true life c rely ^u an ext]nal support1 &1 :5 ! true life ( society comes1 all its =ms w be fluid & spontane\s & volunt>y4 ,,iv ,& n[1 by way ( a glimpse into ! future--aft] ?is long digression :at is ! r\te t man w take8 ,?is is a subject t ,i h>dly d>e tackle4 ,! morn+ w9d ev] bl[s1 says ,?oreau1 ! poem ( creation is un9t]rupt$--b few are ! e>s t he> x4 ,& h[ c we1 gulf$ z we are 9 ?is pres5t :irlpool1 conceive rightly ! glory :i* awaits u8 ,no limits t our pres5t k puts ne$ al>m u2 ! impossibilities w yield v easily :5 ! "t comes2 & ! anatomical difficulty z to h[ & :]e ! w+s are to gr[ w vani% :5 !y are felt spr\t+6 ,x c h>dly be d\bt$ t ! t5d5cy w be--inde$ is already %[+ itself--t[>ds a return to nature & community ( human life4 ,?is is ! way back to ! lo/ ,ed51 or r =w>d to ! new ,ed51 ( :i* ! old 0 only a figure4 ,man has to undo ! wrapp+s & ! mummydom ( c5turies1 by :i* he has %ut himself f ! light ( ! sun & la9 9 seem+ dea?1 prep>+ sil5tly 8 glori\s resurrection--= all ! _w l ! funny old *rysalis t he is4 ,he has to em]ge f h\ses & all 8 o!r hid+ places :]e9 s long ago a%am$ 7z at ! voice ( ,god 9 ! g>d57 he conceal$ himself--& ,nature mu/ once m become 8 home1 z x is ! home ( ! animals & ! angels4 ,z x is writt5 9 ! old magical =mula3 ,man clo!s himself to desc5d1 unclo!s himself to asc5d4 ,ov] 8 spiritual or w9d-l body he puts on a mat]ial or e>?y body2 ov] 8 e>?-body he puts on ! sk9s ( animals & o!r g>m5ts2 !n he hides ?is body 9 a h\se beh9d curta9s & /one walls--:i* become to x z second>y sk9s & prolongations ( itself4 ,s t betwe5 ! man & 8 true life !re gr[s a d5se & imp5etrable h$ge2 &1 :at ) ! c>es & anxieties connect$ ) 8 e>?-body & all its sk9s1 he soon loses ! k t he is a ,man at all2 8 true self slumb]s 9 a deep & agelong swoon4 ,b ! in/9ct ( all :o desire to deliv] ! div9e imago )9 !m1 is1 9 some?+ m ?an ! lit]al s5se1 t[>ds unclo?+4 ,& ! process ( evolution or exfoliation itself is no?+ b a cont9ual unclo?+ ( ,nature1 by :i* ! p]fect human ,=m :i* is at ! root ( x comes ne>] & ne>] to its manife/ation4 ,?us1 9 ord] to re/ore ! ,heal? :i* he has lo/1 man has 9 ! future to t5d 9 ?is direction4 ,life indoors & 9 h\ses has to become a fraction only1 in/ead ( ! pr9cipal "p ( exi/5ce z x is n[4 ,g>m5ts simil>ly h to be simplifi$4 ,h[ f> ?is process may g x is n necess>y n[ to enquire4 ,x is suffici5tly obvi\s t our dome/ic life & clo?+ may be at once greatly r$uc$ 9 complexity1 & ) ! greate/ advantage--made subsidi>y in/ead ( be+ erect$ into ! feti%es :i* !y are4 ,& ev]yone may feel assur$ t ea* ga9 9 ?is direction is a ga9 9 true life--:e!r x be ! head t goes uncov]$ to ! air ( heav51 or ! feet t press b>e ! magnetic e>?1 or ! elem5t>y raim5t t all[s ?r\gh its me%es ! light itself to rea* ! vital organs4 ,! life ( ! op5 air1 famili>ity ) ! w9ds & waves1 clean & pure food1 ! companion%ip ( ! animals--! v wre/l+ ) ! great ,"m = 8 food--all ^! ?+s w t5d to re/ore t relation%ip :i* man has s long dis[n$2 & ! consequ5t in/ream+ ( en]gy into 8 sy/em w c>ry him to p]fections ( heal? & radiance ( be+ at pres5t unsuspect$4 ,( c\rse1 x w be said t _m ( ^! ?+s are difficult to realise 9 our c\ntry1 t an indoor life1 ) all its concomitants1 is =c$ ^u u by ! climate4 ,b if ?is is to "s small--?\gh v small--ext5t true1 x =ms no reason :y we %\ld n /ill take advantage ( e opportunity to pu% 9 ! direction indicat$4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 too1 t our climate is greatly ( our own creation4 ,if ! atmosph]e ( _m ( our great t[ns & ( ! l&s = miles 9 _! neighb\rhood is devitalis$ & deadly--s t 9 cold wea!r x grants to ! poor mortal no comp5sat+ p[] ( resi/ance1 b compels him at p]il ( 8 life to swa! himself 9 greatcoats & muffl]s--! blame is none b ours4 ,x is we :o h cov]$ ! l&s ) a pall ( smoke1 & are walk+ to our own fun]als "u x4 ,t ?is climate1 h[ev]1 at its be/ may n be suit$ to ! highe/ developm5ts ( human life is q possible4 ,because ,brita9 has be5 ! sc5e ( "s ( ! greate/ episodes ( ,civilisation1 x does n foll[ t %e w keep ! lead 9 ! p]iod t is to foll[2 & ! ,high] ,communities ( ! future w p]haps take _! rise 9 w>m] l&s1 :]e life is ri*] & full]1 m spontane\s & m g5]\s1 ?an x c be "h4 ,ano!r po9t 9 ?is connection is ! food "q4 ,= ! re/oration ( ! c5tral vig\r :5 lo/ or deg5]ate1 a diet consi/+ ma9ly ( fruits & gra9s is mo/ adapt$4 ,animal food (t5 gives = ! "t be+ a lot ( n]v\s en]gy--& may be useful = special purposes2 b ! en]gy is ( a spasmodic fev]i% k9d2 ! food has a t5d5cy to inflame ! subsidi>y c5tres1 & s to dim9i% ! c5tral control4 ,^? :o live ma9ly on animal food are specially liable to disease--& n only physically2 = _! m9ds also fall m easily a prey to desires & sorr[s4 ,9 times !re=e ( grief or m5tal tr\ble ( any k9d1 z well z 9 times ( bodily sickness1 imm$iate rec\rse %\ld be _h to ! m elem5t>y diet4 ,! body "u ?is diet endures "w ) less fatigue1 is less susceptible to pa91 & to cold2 & heals its w\nds ) extraord9>y cel]ity2 all ( :i* facts po9t 9 ! same direction4 ,x may be not$1 too1 t foods ( ! se$ k9d--by :i* ,i mean all mann] ( fruits1 nuts1 tub]s1 gra9s1 eggs1 etc4 7& ,i may include milk 9 its v>i\s =ms ( butt]1 *eese1 curds1 & s =?71 n only conta9 by _! nature ! elem5ts ( life 9 _! mo/ cond5s$ =ms1 b h ! additional advantage t !y c be appropriat$ )\t injury to any liv+ creature--= ev5 ! cabbage may inaudibly scream :5 torn up by ! roots & boil$1 b ! /rawb]ry plant asks u to take ( its fruit1 & pa9ts x r$ expressly t we may see & dev\r x6 ,bo? ( :i* consid]ations mu/ conv9ce u t ?is k9d ( food is mo/ fitt$ to develop ! k]nel ( man's life4 ,:i* all means cleanness4 ,! unity ( our nature be+ re/or$1 ! in/9ct ( bodily cleanness1 bo? )9 & )\t1 :i* is su* a m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( ! animals1 w aga9 *>act]ise mank9d--only n[ in/ead ( a bl9d in/9ct x w be a consci\s1 joy\s "o2 dirt be+ only disord] & ob/ruction4 ,& ?us ! :ole human be+1 m9d & body1 becom+ clean & radiant f its inmo/ c5tre to its f>!/ circumf]5ce--transfigur$--! di/9ction betwe5 ! words spiritual & mat]ial disappe>s4 ,9 ! words ( ,:itman1 objects gross & ! unse5 s\l are "o4 ,b ?is return to ,nature1 & id5tification 9 "s sort ) ! great cosmos1 does n involve a d5ial or depreciation ( human life & int]e/s4 ,x is n uncommonly suppos$ t !re is "s k9d ( antagonism betwe5 ,man & ,nature1 & t to recomm5d a life clos] to ! latt] means m]e asceticism & eremitism2 & un=tunately ?is antagonism does exi/ to-day1 ?\gh x c]ta9ly w n exi/ = ev]4 ,to-day x is un=tunately p]fectly true t ,man is ! only animal :o1 in/ead ( adorn+ & beautify+1 makes ,nature hide\s by 8 pres5ce4 ,! fox & ! squirrel may make _! homes 9 ! wood & add to its beauty 9 s do+2 b :5 ,ald]man ,smi? plants 8 villa !re1 ! gods pack up _! trunks & dep>t2 !y c be> x no long]4 ,! ,bu%m5 c hide !mselves & become indi/+ui%able on a slope ( b>e rock2 !y tw9e _! nak$ little yell[ bodies toge!r1 & look l a heap ( dead /icks2 b :5 ! *imney-pot hat & frock-coat appe>1 ! birds fly scream+ f ! trees4 ,?is 0 ! great glory ( ! ,greeks t !y accept$ & p]fect$ ,nature2 z ! ,p>!non sprang out ( ! lime/one t]races ( ! ,acropolis1 c>ry+ ! natural l9es ( ! rock by gradations sc>ce p]ceptible into ! f9i%$ & human beauty ( frieze & p$im5t1 & z1 above1 x 0 op5 = ! blue air ( heav5 to desc5d into x = a habitation2 s ?r\gh\t 9 all _! be/ "w & life did !y /& 9 ?is close relation to ! e>? & ! sky & to all in/9ctive & elem5tal ?+s1 admitt+ no gulf betwe5 !mselves & !m1 b only p]fect+ _! expressiv5ess & beauty4 ,& "s day we %all aga9 und]/& ?is :i*1 9 ! v sunrise ( true ,art1 ! ,greeks s well und]/ood4 ,possibly "s day we %all aga9 build our h\ses or dwell+ places s simple & elem5tal 9 "* t !y w fit 9 ! nooks ( ! hills or along ! banks ( ! /reams or by ! edges ( ! woods )\t di/urb+ ! h>mony ( ! l&scape or ! songs ( ! birds4 ,!n ! great temples1 beautiful on e height1 or by ! %ores ( ! riv]s & ! lakes1 w be ! /oreh\ses ( all preci\s & lovely ?+s4 ,!re m51 wom5 & *ildr5 w come to %>e 9 ! great & wond]ful common life1 ! g>d5s ar\nd w be sacr$ to ! unh>m$ & welcome animals2 !re all /ore & all facilities ( books & music & art = e "o1 !re a meet+ place = social life & int]c\rse1 !re dances & games & fea/s4 ,e village1 e little settlem5t1 w h su* hall or halls4 ,no ne$ = private accumulations4 ,gladly w ea* man1 & m gladly /ill ea* woman1 take 8 or h] treasures1 except :at are imm$iately or necess>ily 9 use1 to ! common c5tre1 :]e _! value w be increas$ a hundr$ & a ?\s& fold by ! great] numb] ( ^? :o c enjoy !m1 & :]e f> m p]fectly & ) f> less toil !y c be t5d$ ?an if scatt]$ abroad 9 private h&s4 ,at "o /roke half ! lab\r & all ! anxiety ( dome/ic c>etak+ w be annihilat$4 ,! private dwell+ places1 no long] co/ly & labyr9?9e 9 proportion to ! value & numb] ( ! treasures !y conta91 w ne$ no long] to h doors & w9d[s jeal\sly clos$ aga9/ fell[ m5 or "m nature4 ,! sun & air w h access to !m1 ! indwell]s w h unfett]$ egress4 ,nei!r man nor woman w be ti$ 9 slav]y to ! lodge :i* !y inhabit2 & 9 becom+ once m a "p ( nature1 ! human habitation w at l5g? cease to be :at x is n[ = at lea/ half ! human race--a prison4 ,m5 (t5 ask ab\t ! new ,ar*itecture--:at1 & ( :at sort1 x is go+ to be4 ,b to su* a "q !re c be no answ] till a new und]/&+ ( life has ent]$ into p's m9ds1 & !n ! answ] w be cle> en\gh4 ,= z ! ,greek ,temples & ! ,go?ic ,ca!drals 7 built by p :o !mselves liv$ b frugally z we %\ld ?9k1 & 7 ready to d$icate _! be/ "w & *ief treasure to ! gods & ! common life2 & z to-day :5 we mu/ ne$s h = ourselves spaci\s & luxuri\s villas1 we seem to be unable to design a dec5t *ur* or public build+2 s x w n be till we once m f9d our ma9 int]e/ & life 9 ! life ( ! community & ! gods t a new _s w inspire our ar*itecture4 ,!n :5 our ,temples & ,common ,halls are n design$ to glorify an individual ar*itect or patron1 b are built = ! use ( free m5 & wom51 to front ! sky & ! sea & ! sun1 to spr+ out ( ! e>?1 companionable ) ! trees & ! rocks1 n ali5 9 _s f ! sunlit globe itself or ! dep? ( ! />ry night--!n ,i say _! =m & /ructure w quickly det]m9e !mselves1 & m5 w h no difficulty 9 mak+ !m beautiful4 ,& simil>ly ) ! homes or dwell+ places ( ! p4 ,v>i\s z ^! may be = ! v>i\s wants ( m51 :e!r = a s+le individual or = a family1 or = gr\ps ( individuals or families1 :e!r to ! la/ degree simple1 or :e!r m or less ornate & complex1 /ill ! new conception1 ! new ne$s ( life1 w necess>ily dom9ate !m & give !m =m by a law unfold+ f )94 ,9 su* new human life !n--its fields1 its f>ms1 its work%ops1 its cities--always ! "w ( man p]fect+ & beautify+ ! l&s1 aid+ ! ef=ts ( ! sun & soil1 giv+ voice to ! desire ( ! mute e>?--9 su* new communal life ne> to nature1 s f> f any asceticism or inhospitality1 we are fa9 to see f> m humanity & sociability ?an ev] be=e3 an inf9ite helpfulness & sympa?y1 z betwe5 ! *ildr5 ( a common "m4 ,mutual help & comb9ation w !n h become spontane\s & in/9ctive3 ea* man contribut+ to ! s]vice ( 8 neighbor z inevitably & naturally z ! "r h& goes to help ! left 9 ! human body--& = precisely ! same reason4 ,e man--?9k ( x6--w d ! "w :i* he likes1 :i* he desires to d1 :i* is obvi\sly be=e him to d1 & :i* he kn[s w be useful1 )\t ?\ght ( wages or rew>d2 & ! rew>d w come to him z inevitably & naturally z 9 ! human body ! blood fl[s to ! memb] :i* is ex]t+ itself4 ,all ! endless burd5 ( ! adju/m5ts ( lab\r & wages1 ( ! w> ( duty & di/a/e1 ( want & we>9ess1 w be ?r[n aside--all ! huge wa/e ( "w done aga9/ ! gra9 w be avoid$2 out ( ! endless v>iety ( human nature w spr+ a p]fectly natural & inf9ite v>iety ( occupations1 all mutually contributive2 ,society at la/ w be free & ! human be+ aft] long ages w h atta9$ to deliv]ance4 ,?is is ! ,communism :i* ,civilisation has always hat$1 z x hat$ ,*ri/4 ,yet x is inevitable2 = ! cosmical man1 ! in/9ctive elem5tal man accept+ & cr[n+ nature1 necess>ily fulfils ! univ]sal law ( nature4 ,z to ,ext]nal ,gov]nm5t & ,law1 !y w disappe>2 = !y are only ! trave/ies & transitory sub/itutes ( ,inw>d ,gov]nm5t & ,ord]4 ,society 9 its f9al /ate is nei!r a ,mon>*y1 nor an ,ari/ocracy nor a ,democracy1 nor an ,an>*y1 & yet 9 ano!r s5se x is all ( ^!4 ,x is an ,an>*y because !re is no outw>d rule1 b only an inw>d & invisible _s ( life2 x is a ,democracy because x is ! rule ( ! ,mass-man1 or ,demos1 9 ea* unit man2 x is an ,ari/ocracy because !re are degrees & ranks ( su* inw>d p[] 9 all m52 & x is a ,mon>*y because all ^! ranks & p[]s m]ge 9 a p]fect unity & c5tral control at la/4 ,& s x appe>s t ! out] =ms ( gov]nm5t :i* belong to ! ,civilisation-p]iod are only ! expression 9 sep>ate ext]nal symbols ( ! facts ( ! true inn] life ( society4 ,& j z ?us ! v>i\s ext]nal =ms ( gov]nm5t dur+ ! ,civilisation-p]iod f9d _! ju/ification & int]pretation 9 ! ensu+ p]iod1 s w x be ) ! me*anical & o!r products ( ! pres5t "t2 !y w be tak5 up1 & f9d _! prop] place & use 9 ! "t to come4 ,!y w n be refus$2 b !y w h to be br\ght into subjection4 ,our locomotives1 ma*9]y1 telegraphic & po/al sy/ems2 our h\ses1 furniture1 clo!s1 books1 our fe>ful & wond]ful cook]y1 /rong dr9ks1 teas1 tobaccos2 our m$ical & surgical appliances2 high-falut+ sci5ces & philosophies1 & all o!r eng9es hi!rto ( human bewild]m5t1 h simply to be r$uc$ to abject subjection to ! real man4 ,all ^! appliances1 & a ?\s& o!rs su* z we h>dly dream (1 w come 9 to p]fect 8 p[] & increase 8 fre$om2 b !y w n be ! objects ( a m]e feti%-wor%ip z n[4 ,man w use !m1 in/ead ( _! us+ him4 ,8 real life w lie 9 a region f> beyond !m4 ,b 9 ?us = a mom5t d5y+ & ma/]+ ! products ( ,civilisation1 w he = ! fir/ "t discov] _! true value1 & reap f !m an enjoym5t unkn[n be=e4 ,! same ) ! moral p[]s4 ,z said be=e1 ! k ( good & evil at a c]ta9 po9t passes away1 or becomes absorb$ into a high] k4 ,! p]ception ( ,s9 goes ) a c]ta9 weakness 9 ! man4 ,z long z !re is conflict & division )9 him1 s long does he seem to p]ceive conflict+ & oppos+ pr9ciples 9 ! _w )\t4 ,z long z ! objects ( ! out] _w excite emotions 9 him :i* pass beyond 8 control1 s long d ^? objects /& z ! signals ( evil--( disord] & s94 ,n t ! objects are bad 9 !mselves1 or ev5 ! emotions :i* !y excite1 b t all ?r\gh ?is p]iod ^! ?+s s]ve to ! man z indications ( 8 weakness4 ,b :5 ! c5tral p[] is re/or$ 9 man & all ?+s are r$uc$ to 8 s]vice1 x is impossible = him to see badness 9 any?+4 ,! bodily is no long] antagoni/ic to ! spiritual love1 b is absorb$ into x4 ,all 8 passions take _! places p]fectly naturally1 & become1 :5 ! occasions arise1 ! vehicles ( 8 expression4 ,vices "u exi/+ conditions are vices simply because ( ! inord9ate & di/urb+ influ5ce !y ex]cise1 b w cease aga9 to be vices :5 ! man rega9s 8 prop] comm&4 ,?us ,socrates hav+ a clean s\l 9 a clean body c\ld dr9k 8 boon companions "u ! table & !n g out himself to take ! morn+ air--:at 0 a blemi% & defect 9 !m be+ simply an add$ p[] ( enjoym5t to himself6 ,! po9t ( diff]5ce ?r\gh\t 7be+ ! transf]5ce ( ! c5tre ( gravity ( life & consci\sness f ! p>tial to ! univ]sal man7 is symbolis$ by ! gradual resumption ( m univ]sal conditions4 ,t is to say t dur+ ! civilisation-p]iod1 ! body be+ sy/ematically wrapp$ 9 clo!s1 ! head alone repres5ts man--! little f9nik91 intellectual1 self-consci\s man 9 contra-di/9ction to ! cosmical man repres5t$ by ! entirety ( ! bodily organs4 ,! body has to be deliv]$ f its swa?+s 9 ord] t ! cosmical consci\sness may once m reside 9 ! human brea/4 ,we h to become all face aga9--z ! savage said ( himself4#ae ,:]e ! cosmic self is1 !re is no m self-consci\sness4 ,! body & :at is ord9>ily call$ ! self are felt to be only p>ts ( ! true self1 & ! ord9>y di/9ctions ( inn] & out]1 egotism & altruism1 etc41 lose a good deal ( _! value4 ,?\ght no long] returns ^u ! local self z ! *ief object ( reg>d1 b consci\sness is cont9ually radiant f x1 fill+ ! body & ov]fl[+ ^u ext]nal ,nature4 ,?us ! ,sun 9 ! physical _w is ! allegory ( ! true self4 ,! wor%ip] mu/ adore ! ,sun1 he mu/ saturate himself ) sunlight1 & take ! physical ,sun into himself4 ,^? :o live by fire & c&le-light are fill$ ) phantoms2 _! ?\ghts are ,w-o'-?'-wisp-l images ( !mselves1 & !y are torm5t$ by a horrible self-consci\sness4 ,& :5 ! ,civilisation-p]iod has pass$ away1 ! old ,nature-religion--p]haps greatly gr[n--w come back4 ,?is imm5se /ream ( religi\s life :i*1 beg9n+ f> beyond ! horizon ( e>lie/ hi/ory1 has be5 deflect$ into v>i\s metaphysical & o!r *annels--( ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity1 ,buddhism1 & ! l--dur+ ! hi/orical p]iod1 w once m ga!r itself toge!r to float on its bosom all ! arks & sacr$ vessels ( human progress4 ,man w once m feel 8 unity ) 8 fell[s1 he w feel 8 unity ) ! animals1 ) ! m\nta9s & ! /reams1 ) ! e>? itself & ! sl[ lapse ( ! con/ellations1 n z an ab/ract dogma ( ,sci5ce or ,!ology1 b z a liv+ & ev]-pres5t fact4 ,ages back ?is has be5 und]/ood bett] ?an n[4 ,our ,*ri/ian c]emonial is saturat$ ) sexual & a/ronomical symbols2 & long be=e ,*ri/ianity exi/$1 ! sexual & a/ronomical 7 ! ma9 =ms ( religion4 ,t is to say1 m5 in/9ctively felt & wor%ip$ ! great life com+ to !m ?r\gh ,sex1 ! great life com+ to !m f ! deeps ( ,heav54 ,!y deifi$ bo?4 ,!y plac$ _! gods--_! own human =ms--9 sex1 !y plac$ !m 9 ! sky4 ,& n only s1 b :]ev] !y felt ?is k9dr$ human life--9 ! animals1 9 ! ibis1 ! bull1 ! lamb1 ! snake1 ! crocodile2 9 ! trees & fl[]s1 ! oak1 ! a%1 ! laurel1 ! hyac9?2 9 ! /reams & wat]-falls1 on ! m\nta9-sides or 9 ! dep?s ( ! sea--!y plac$ !m4 ,! :ole univ]se 0 full ( a life :i*1 ?\gh n always fri5dly1 0 human & k9dr$ to _! own1 felt by !m1 n reason$ ab\t1 b simply p]ceiv$4 ,to ! e>ly man ! notion ( 8 hav+ a sep>ate individuality c\ld only ) difficulty occur2 h5ce he tr\bl$ himself n ) ! suicidal que/ion+s conc]n+ ! :5ce & :i!r :i* n[ vex ! mod]n m9d4#af ,= :at causes ^! que/ions to be ask$ is simply ! wret*$ feel+ ( isolation1 actual or prospective1 :i* man necess>ily has :5 he contemplates himself z a sep>ate atom 9 ?is imm5se univ]se--! gulf :i* lies bel[ seem+ly ready to swall[ him1 & ! anxiety to f9d "s mode ( escape4 ,b :5 he feels once m t he1 t he himself1 is absolutely indivisibly & inde/ructibly a "p ( ?is great :ole--:y !n !re is no gulf into :i* he c possibly fall2 :5 he is s5sible ( ! fact1 :y !n ! h[ ( its realisation1 ?\gh los+ none ( its int]e/1 becomes a matt] = ^: solution he c wait & "w 9 fai? & cont5tm5t ( m9d4 ,! ,sun or ,sol1 visible image ( 8 v ,s\l1 close/ & mo/ vital to him ( all mortal ?+s1 occupy+ ! illimitable heav51 fe$+ all ) its life2 ! ,moon1 emblem & nurse ( 8 own reflective ?\ght1 ! consci\s ,man1 measur] ( ,"t1 mirror ( ! ,sun2 ! planet>y passions w&]+ to & fro1 yet )9 b\nds2 ! />ry de/9ies2 ! *anges ( ! e>?1 & ! seasons2 ! upw>d gr[? & unfoldm5t ( all organic life2 ! em]g5ce ( ! p]fect ,man1 t[>ds ^: bir? all creation groans & travails--all ^! ?+s w return to become realities1 & to be ! frame or sett+ ( 8 supra-mundane life4 ,! mean+ ( ! old religions w come back to him4 ,on ! high tops once m ga!r+ he w celebrate ) nak$ dances ! glory ( ! human =m & ! great processions ( ! />s1 or greet ! bright horn ( ! "y moon :i* n[ aft] a hundr$ c5turies comes back lad5 ) su* wondr\s associations--all ! ye>n+s & ! dreams & ! wond]m5t ( ! g5]ations ( mank9d--! wor%ip ( ,a/>te & ( ,diana1 ( ,isis or ! ,virg9 ,m>y2 once m 9 sacr$ groves w he reunite ! passion & ! delight ( human love ) 8 deepe/ feel+s ( ! sanctity & beauty ( ,nature2 or 9 ! op51 /&+ uncov]$ to ! ,sun1 w adore ! emblem ( ! ev]la/+ spl5d\r :i* %9es )94 ,! same s5se ( vital p]fection & exaltation :i* c be trac$ 9 ! e>ly & pre-civilisation peoples--only a ?\s& times int5sifi$1 def9$1 illu/rat$ & purifi$--w return to irradiate ! r$eem$ & deliv]$ ,man4 ,9 sugge/+ ?us ! "p :i* ,civilisation has play$ 9 hi/ory1 ,i am aw>e t ! ^w itself is difficult to def9e--is at be/ only "o ( ^? phantom-g5]alisations :i* ! m9d is =c$ to employ2 also t ! acc\nt ,i h giv5 ( x is sadly imp]fect1 lean+ p]haps too mu* to ! m]ely negative & de/ructive aspect ( ?is ?\s&-ye> long lapse ( human evolution4 ,i w\ld also rem9d ! read] t ?\gh x is p]fectly true t "u ! dissolv+ influ5ce ( civilisation empire aft] empire has gone "u & disappe>$1 & ! curr5t ( human progress "t aft] "t has only be5 re/or$ aga9 by a fre% influx ( savag]y1 yet its corruptive t5d5cy has nev] _h a q unlimit$ fl+2 b t all d[n ! ages ( its dom9ance ov] ! e>? we c trace ! tradition ( a heal+ & r$eem+ p[] at "w 9 ! human brea/ & an anticipation ( ! second adv5t ( ! son ( man4 ,c]ta9 in/itutions1 too1 su* z ,art & ! ,family 7?\gh x seems n unlikely t bo? ( ^! w greatly *ange :5 ! special conditions ( _! pres5t exi/5ce h disappe>$71 h s]v$ to keep ! sacr$ flame alive2 ! latt] pres]v+ 9 isl&-m9iatures1 z x 71 ! anci5t communal humanity :5 ! seas ( individualism & gre$ cov]$ ! g5]al face ( ! e>?2 ! =m] keep+ up1 s to speak1 a navel-cord ( contact ) ,nature1 & a means ( utt]ance ( primal emotions else unsatisfiable 9 ! _w ar\nd4 ,& if x seem extravagant to suppose t ,society w ev] em]ge f ! *aotic condition ( /rife & p]plexity 9 :i* we f9d x all d[n ! lapse ( hi/orical "t1 or to hope t ! civilisation-process :i* has t]m9at$ fatally s inv>iably 9 ! pa/ w ev] ev5tuate 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a high] & m p]fect heal?-condition1 we may = our consolation rememb] t to-day !re are features 9 ! problem :i* h nev] be5 pres5t be=e4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 to-day ,civilisation is no long] isolat$1 z 9 ! anci5t _w1 9 surr\nd+ floods ( savag]y & b>b>ism1 b x practically cov]s ! globe1 & ! outly+ savag]y is s feeble z n possibly to be a m5ace to x4 ,?is may at fir/ appe> a drawback1 = 7x w be said7 if ,civilisation be n r5ovat$ by ! influx ( ext]nal ,savag]y its own inh]5t flaws w de/roy society all ! soon]4 ,& !re w\ld be "s tru? 9 ?is if x 7 n = ! foll[+ consid]ation1 namely1 t :ile = ! fir/ "t 9 ,hi/ory ,civilisation is n[ practically cont9u\s ov] ! globe1 n[ also = ! fir/ "t c we descry =m+ 9 cont9u\s l9e )9 its v /ructure ! =ces :i* are de/9$ to de/roy x & to br+ ab\t ! new ord]4 ,:ile hi!rto isolat$ communisms1 z sugge/$1 h exi/$ "h & !re & f "t to "t1 n[ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,hi/ory bo? ! masses & ! ?9k]s ( all ! advanc$ nations ( ! _w are consci\sly feel+ _! way t[>ds ! e/abli%m5t ( a sociali/ic & communal life on a va/ scale4 ,! pres5t competitive society is m & m rapidly becom+ a m]e dead =mula & husk )9 :i* ! outl9es ( ! new & human society are already disc]nible4 ,simultane\sly1 & z if to mat* ?is gr[?1 a move t[>ds ,nature & ,savag]y is = ! fir/ "t tak+ place f )91 in/ead ( be+ =c$ ^u society f )\t4 ,! nature movem5t begun ye>s ago 9 lit]ature & art is n[1 among ! m advanc$ sections ( ! civilis$ _w1 rapidly realis+ itself 9 actual life1 go+ s f> ev5 z a d5ial1 among "s1 ( ma*9]y & ! complex products ( ,civilisation1 & develop+ among o!rs into a gospel ( salvation by s&als & sunba?s6 ,x is 9 ^! two movem5ts--t[>ds a complex human ,communism & t[>ds individual fre$om & ,savag]y--9 "s sort balanc+ & correct+ ea* o!r1 & bo? visibly gr[+ up )91 ?\gh utt]ly =eign to--our pres5t-day ,civilisation1 t we h fair gr\nds1 ,i ?9k1 = look+ =w>d to its cure4 ,,notes 7,see p4 #bf7 ,! foll[+ rem>ks by ,mr4 ,h4 ,b4 ,cott]ill on ! natives ar\nd ,lake ,nyassa1 among :om he liv$ at a "t1 #ahgf-h1 :5 ! region 0 almo/ unvisit$1 may be ( int]e/4 ,9 reg>d ( m]ely 'animal' developm5t & well-be+1 t is 9 ! delicate p]fection ( bodily faculties 7p]ceptive71 ! ,african savage is z a rule incomp>ably sup]ior to u4 ,"o feels l a *ild1 utt]ly dep5d5t on !m1 :5 travell+ or hunt+ ) !m4 ,x is true t _m may be f\nd 7especially among/ ! weak] tribes t h be5 slave-hunt$ or driv5 into b>r5 corn]s7 :o are half-/>v$ & wiz5$1 b z a rule !y are spl5did animals4 ,9 "* !re is a great want ( t /r5g? :i* 9 ! educat$ civilis$ man is secur$ by ! roots /rik+ out into ! ,pa/ & ,future--& 9 spite ( _! imm5se p]ceptive sup]iority !y feel & ackn[l$ge ! sup]ior =ce ( "* 9 ! :ite man4 ,!y are ! v conv]se ( ! ,/oic self-suffici5t sage--l *ildr5 9 _! 'admiration' & wor%ip ( ! ,unkn[n4 ,h5ce _! absolute want ( ,conceit1 ?\gh !y possess self-comm& & dignity4 ,!y are1 to ^? !y love & respect1 fai?ful & devot$--_! fai?fulness & tru?fulness are dictat$ by no 'categorical imp]ative1' b by p]sonal affection4 ,t[>ds an enemy !y c be1 )\t any consci5ti\s scruples1 trea*]\s & inhumanly cruel4 ,i %\ld say t !re is sc>cely any possible idea t is s =eign to ! savage ,african m9d z t ( g5]al philan?ropy or enemy-love4 ,9 endurance ! ,african savage beats u holl[ 7except tra9$ a?letes74 ,on "o occasion my m5 r[$ my boat ) #aj foot o>s aga9/ ! w9d 9 a *oppy sea = #be h\rs at "o g1 across ,kuwirwe ,bay1 ab\t #fj miles4 ,!y nev] once /opp$ or left _! seats--j h&$ r\nd a h&ful ( rice n[ & !n4 ,i 0 at ! helm all ! "t--& _h en\gh ( x6444 ,!y c>ry #hj lbs4 on _! heads = #aj h\rs ?r\gh swamps & jungles4 ,f\r ( my m5 c>ri$ a sick man weigh+ #ad /ones 9 a hammock = #bjj miles1 "r across ! dread$ ,malikata ,swamp4 ,b = sudd5 em]g5cies1 squalls1 etc41 !y are n[h]e4 7,see p4 #bg7 ,s lovely a sc5e made easily cr$ible ! sugge/ion1 o!rwise highly probable1 t ! ,gold5 ,age 0 no m]e fancy ( ! poets1 b a rem9isc5ce ( ! facts ( social life 9 its primitive organisation ( village & h\se-communities4 7,j4 ,s4 ,/u>t-,gl5nie's ,europe & ,asia1 *4 i4 ,s]via47 7,see p4 #gb7 ,x 0 only on ! up-break ( ! primitive socialisms t ! passionate desire (1 & !re=e belief 91 individual ,immortality arose4 ,) an int5se feel+1 n ( an indep5d5t individual life1 b ( a dep5d5t common life1 !re is no passionate desire (1 ?\gh !re may be m or less ( belief 91 a cont9uance aft] dea? ( individual exi/5ce4 7,ibid1 p4 #afa47 ,foll[+ is an extract f a lett] f my fri5d ,havelock ,ellis1 :i* he k9dly all[s me to repr9t4 ,! passage is int]e/+ z indicat+ "o cause1 at any rate1 ( ! failure ( ! mod]n civilisations4 ,y\r rem>k t y are re-publi%+ ,civilisation3 its ,cause & ,cure has l$ me to read x once aga91 & ,i see h[ well adapt$ x is = reissue j n[ :5 !re is s widespread a discont5t ) 'civilisation4' ,i d n see any reason = *ang+ ! essay1 ?\gh1 no d\bt1 mu* might be add$ to supplem5t x4 ,:at has1 h[ev]1 /ruck me is t y leave out ( acc\nt ! reason = ! great] heal?1 vig\r1 & high _s ( savages 7:5 su* conditions exi/71 & t is ! m /r+5t natural selection among savages ow+ to ! great] h>dness ( _! life4 ,y d\btless "k *4 xvii ( ,we/]m>ck's ,moral ,ideas1 :]e he %[s h[ widespread among savages 7:5 !y h got pa/ ! fir/ crude primitive /age71 & 9 ! anci5t civilisations1 0 ! practice ( infanticide appli$ to inf]ior babies & ! habit ( all[+ sick p]sons to die4 ,t 0 evid5tly ! secret ( ! natural sup]iority ( ! savage & ( ! m5 ( ! old civilisation1 = ! ,greeks & ,romans 7 v /r+5t 9 ?is matt]4 ,! flabb9ess ( ! civilis$ & ! preval5ce ( doctors & hygi5i/s1 :i* y make fun (1 is due to ! mod]n t5d]ness = human life :i* is afraid to kill (f ev5 ! mo/ wor?less specim5s & s l[]s ! :ole level ( 'civilis$' humanity4 ,introduce a ,new ,h>dness 9 ?is matt] & we %\ld return to ! high level ( savag]y1 :ile ! doctors w\ld disappe> z if by magic4 ,i don't myself believe we c introduce ?is h>dness2 & t is :y ,i atta* s mu* importance to intellig5t eug5ics1 work+ ?r\gh bir?-control1 z ! only n[ possible way ( gett+ t[>ds t high natural level y aim at4--,,havelock ,,ellis 7#aibj74 ,,footnotes3 #a ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! s5se ( ,s9 seems n[ 7#aibj7 to h ne>ly pass$ away4 ,& ?is fact probably indicates a consid]able imp5d+ *ange 9 our ,social ,ord]4 #b ,= pro( ,i mu/ ref] ! read] to ,engels1 or to 8 own /udies ( hi/ory4 #c ,say l ! ,hom]ic ,greeks1 or ! ,sp>tans ( ! ,lycurgus p]iod4 #d ,matabele ,l& & ! ,victoria ,falls1 p4 #bji4 #e ,a simil> physical heal? & p[] ( life are also develop$ among ,europeans :o h liv$ = long p]iods 9 m native conditions4 ,x is n to our race1 :i* is probably sup]ior to any 9 capacity1 b to ! /ate 9 :i* we live t we mu/ ascribe our defect 9 ?is p>ticul> matt]4 #f ,see ,col4 ,dodge's ,our ,wild ,indians4 #g ,wood's ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,man4 #h ,see ,app5dix4 #i ,see ,note at end ( ?is *apt]4 #aj ,no words or !ory ev5 ( morality c express or =mulate ?is--no en?ronem5t ( any virtue c take its place2 = all virtue en?ron$ be=e our humanity becomes vice1 & worse ?an vice4 #aa ,x is curi\s t ?is ^w seems to h ! same root z ! ^w ,man1 ! orig9al idea app>5tly be+ ,ord]1 or ,measure4 #ab ,& ) reg>d to disease1 ?\gh x is n ma9ta9$ t among ! animals !re is any?+ l immunity f x--s9ce diseases ( a m or less p>asitic "* are common 9 all tribes ( plants & animals--/ill !y seem to be r>]1 & ! organic in/9ct ( heal? great]1 ?an 9 ! civilis$ man4 #ac ,z to ! unity ( ^! wild races ) ,nature1 t is a matt] seem+ly beyond dispute2 _! ke5ness ( s5se1 s5sitiv5ess to atmosph]ic *anges1 k ( prop]ties ( plants & habits ( animals1 etc41 h be5 ! subject ( frequ5t rem>k2 b beyond ?is1 _! /rong feel+ ( union ) ! univ]sal _s1 probably only dimly self consci\s1 b express+ itself v m>k$ly & cle>ly 9 _! cu/oms1 is mo/ /range & pregnant ( mean+4 ,! dances ( ! ,&aman ,isl&]s on ! s&s at night1 ! wild fe/ival ( ! new moon among ! ,fans & o!r ,african tribes1 ! processions ?r\gh ! =e/s1 ! *ants & dull ?udd+ ( drums1 ! torture-dances ( ! "y ,r$ ,indian bravos 9 ! burn+ heat ( ! sun2 ! ,dionysiac fe/ivals among ! e>ly ,greeks2 & inde$ ! sacrificial nature-rites & c>nivals & extraord9>y p[]s ( second-sight f\nd among all primitive peoples2 all ^! ?+s indicate cle>ly a faculty :i*1 ?\gh x _h h>dly become self-consci\s en\gh to be :at we call religion1 0 yet 9 tru? ! f\ndation elem5t ( religion1 & ! g]m ( "s human p[]s :i* wait yet to be develop$4 #ad ,!re is ano!r po9t wor? not+ z *>act]i/ic ( ! civilisation-p]iod4 ,?is is ! abnormal developm5t ( ! ab/ract intellect 9 comp>ison ) ! physical s5ses on ! "o h&1 & ! moral s5se on ! o!r4 ,su* a result might be expect$1 see+ t ab/raction f reality is naturally ! great eng9e ( t false individuality or ap>tness1 :i* x is ! object ( ,civilisation to produce4 ,z x is1 dur+ ?is p]iod man builds himself an intellectual _w ap>t f ! great actual univ]se ar\nd him2 ! gho/s ( ?+s are /udi$ 9 books2 ! /ud5t lives indoors1 he _c face ! op5 air--8 !ories may prove v well 9 lecture-rooms1 yet n prove at all "u ! spaci\s cl\ds1 & along ! l&scape & fl[+ curr5ts2 *ildr5 are educat$ af> f actual life2 huge phantom-temples ( philosophy & sci5ce are re>$ ^u ! mo/ sl5d] f\ndations2 & 9 ^! he lives def5d$ f actual fact4 ,= z a drop ( wat]1 :5 x comes 9 contact ) r$-hot iron1 wraps itself 9 a cl\d ( vapor & is sav$ f de/ruction1 s ! little m9d ( man1 le/ x %\ld t\* ! burn+ tru? ( ,nature & ,god & be consum$1 evolves at ea* po9t ( contact a veil ( insub/antial ?\ght :i* all[s x = a "t to exi/ ap>t1 & becomes ! nurse ( its self-consci\sness4 #ae ,see ,alonso di ,ovalle's ,acc\nt ( ! ,k+dom ( ,*ile 9 ,*ur*ill's ,collection ( ,voyages & ,travels1 #agbd4 #af ,see ,notes at end ( ?is *apt]4 ,,mod]n ,,sci5ce3 ,a ,,criticism ,greek3 panti log logos isos antikeitai4 ,x is "o ( ! difficulties :i* meet anyone :o sugge/s t mod]n sci5ce is n :olly satisfactory1 t x is imm$iately assum$ t ! writ] is cov]tly def5d+ :at ,+]soll calls ! rib-/ory1 or t he wi%es to re/ore belief 9 ! lit]al inspiration ( ! ,bible4 ,b1 religi\s controv]sy ap>t1 & :ile admitt+ t ,sci5ce has done a great "w 9 clean+ away ! kit*5-midd5s ( sup]/ition & op5+ ! pa? to cle>] & san] views ( ! _w1 x is possible--& !re is already a gr[+ feel+ t way--t h] positive contributions to our compreh5sion ( ! ord] ( ! univ]se h 9 late times be5 disappo9t+1 & t ev5 h] me?ods are only ( limit$ applicability4 ,aft] a glori\s bur/ ( p]haps fifty ye>s1 amid great acclamations & good hopes t ! crafty old univ]se 0 go+ to be caught 9 h] c>eful net1 ,sci5ce1 x mu/ be confess$1 n[ f9ds h]self 9 almo/ e direction 9 ! mo/ hopeless qu&>ies2 &1 :e!r ! rib-/ory be true or n1 has at any rate provid$ no v satisfactory sub/itute = x4 ,& ! reason ( ?is failure is v obvi\s4 ,x goes ) a c]ta9 defect 9 ! human m9d1 :i*1 z we h po9t$ out 7note1 p4 #eg71 necess>ily belongs to ! ,civilisation-p]iod--! t5d5cy1 namely1 to sep>ate ! logical & intellectual "p ( man f ! emotional & in/9ctive1 & to give x a locus /&i ( its own4 ,sci5ce has fail$1 because %e has attempt$ to c>ry out ! inve/igation ( nature f ! intellectual side alone--neglect+ ! o!r con/itu5ts necess>ily involv$ 9 ! problem4 ,%e has fail$1 because %e has attempt$ an impossible task2 = ! discov]y ( a p]man5tly valid & purely intellectual repres5tation ( ! univ]se is simply impossible4 ,su* a ?+ does n exi/4 ,! v>i\s !ories & views ( nature :i* we hold are m]ely ! fugitive envelopes ( ! successive /ages ( human gr[?--ea* set ( !ories & views belong+ organically to ! moral & emotional /age :i* has be5 rea*$1 & be+ 9 "s sort ! expression ( x2 s t ! attempt at any giv5 "t to set up an explanation ( ph5om5a :i* %all be valid 9 itself & )\t ref]5ce to ! m5tal condition ( ^? :o set x up1 necess>ily ends 9 failure2 & ! pres5t /ate ( confusion & contradiction 9 :i* mod]n ,sci5ce f9ds itself is m]ely ! result ( su* attempt4 ,( c\rse ?is limitation ( ! validity ( ,sci5ce has be5 recognis$ by mo/ ( ^? :o h ?\ght ab\t ! matt]2#ag b x is s commonly ov]look$1 & latt]ly ! notion has s f> ga9$ gr\nd t ! laws ( sci5ce are immutable facts & et]nal /atem5ts ( v]ity1 t x may be wor? :ile to treat ! subject a little m 9 detail4 ,! me?od ( ,sci5ce is ! me?od ( all mundane k2 x is t ( limitation or actual ignorance4 ,plac$ 9 face ( ! great unconta9$ unity ( ,nature we c only deal ) x 9 ?\ght by select+ c]ta9 details & isolat+ ^? 7ei!r wilfully or unconsci\sly7 f ! re/4 ,t is "r en\gh4 ,b 9 do+ s--9 isolat+ su* & su* details--we practically beg ! "q we are 9 se>* (2 &1 moreov]1 9 suppos+ su* isolation we suppose :at is false1 & !re=e vitiate our conclusion4 ,f ^! two radical defects ( all intellectual inquiry we _c escape4 ,! views ( ,sci5ce are l ! views ( a m\nta92 ea* is only possible z long z y limit y\rself to a c]ta9 /&po9t4 ,move y\r position1 & ! view is *ang$4#ah ,p]haps ! ^w species w illu/rate our mean+ z well z any ^w2 &1 9 a s5se1 ! ^w is typical ( ! me?od ( ,sci5ce4 ,i see a dog = ! fir/ "t4 ,x is a fox-h\nd4 ,!n ,i see a second fox-h\nd1 & a ?ird & a f\r?4 ,pres5tly ,i =m f ^! few in/ances a g5]al conception ( dog4 ,b aft] a "t ,i see a grey-h\nd & a t]ri] & a ma/iff1 & my old conception is de/roy$4 ,a new "o has to be =m$1 & !n a new "o & a new "o4 ,n[ ,i ov]look ! :ole race ( civilis$ dogs & am satisfi$ ) my wisdom2 b pres5tly ,i come ^u "s wild dogs1 & /udy ! habits ( ! wolf & ! fox4 ,geology turns me up "s l9ks1 & my conception ( dog melts away l a lump ( ice into surr\nd+ wat]4 ,my species exi/s no m4 ,z long z ,i knew a few ( ! facts ,i c\ld talk v wise ab\t !m2 or if ,i limit$ myself arbitr>ily1 z we w say1 to a /udy only ( animals 9 ,engl& at ! pres5t day1 ,i c\ld classify !m2 b wid5 ! b\nds ( my k1 ! area ( obs]vation1 & all my "w has to be done ov] aga94 ,my species is n a valid fact ( ,nature1 b a fiction aris+ out ( my own ignorance or arbitr>y isolation ( ! objects obs]v$4 ,or to take an in/ance f ,a/ronomy4 ,we are accu/om$ to say t ! pa? ( ! moon is an ellipse4 ,b ?is is a v loose /atem5t4 ,on enquiry we f9d t1 ow+ to p]turbations said to be produc$ by ! sun1 ! pa? deviates consid]ably f an ellipse4 ,9 fact 9 /rict calculations x is tak5 z be+ a c]ta9 ellipse only = an in/ant--! next in/ant x is suppos$ to be a portion ( ano!r ellipse4 ,we might !n call ! pa? an irregul> curve some:at resembl+ an ellipse4 ,?is is a new view4 ,b on fur!r enquiry x appe>s t1 :ile ! moon is go+ r\nd ! e>?1 ! e>? itself is spe$+ on ?r\gh space ab\t ! sun--9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! actual pa? ( ! moon does n 9 ! lea/ resemble an ellipse6 ,f9ally ! sun itself is 9 motion ) reg>d to ! fix$ />s1 & !y are 9 movem5t too4 ,:at !n is ! pa? ( ! moon8 ,no "o kn[s2 we h n ! fa9te/ idea--! ^w itself ceases to h any assignable mean+4 ,x is true t if we agree to ignore ! p]turbations produc$ by ! sun--z 9 fact we d ignore p]turbations produc$ by ! planets & o!r bodies--& if we agree to ignore ! motion ( ! e>?1 & ! flight ( ! sol> sy/em ?r\gh space1 & ev5 ! movem5t ( any c5tre r\nd :i* t may be spe$+1 we may !n say t ! moon moves 9 an ellipse4 ,b ?is has obvi\sly no?+ to d ) actual facts4 ,! moon does n move 9 an ellipse--n ev5 relatively to ! e>?--& probably nev] has done & nev] w d s4 ,x may be a conv5i5t view or fiction to say t x w\ld d s "u su* & su* circum/ances--b x is /ill only a fiction4 ,to attempt to isolate a small portion ( ! ph5om5a f ! re/ 9 a univ]se ( :i* ! unity is "o ( ,sci5ce's mo/ *]i%$ convictions1 is obvi\sly self-/ultify+ & useless4 ,b y say x c be prov$ by ma!matics t ! ellipse w\ld be ! pa? "u ^! conditions2 to :i* ,i reply t ! ma!matical pro(1 ?\gh no d\bt cog5t to ! human m9d 7z at pres5t con/itut$ 9 mo/ p71 is op5 to ! same objection t x does n deal ) actual facts4 ,x deals ) a m5tal supposition1 i4e41 t !re are only two bodies act+ on ea* o!r--a case :i* nev] has occurr$ & nev] c occur--& !n1 assum+ ! law ( gravitation 7:i* is j ! ?+ :i* has to be prov$71 x arrives at a m5tal =mula1 ! ellipse4 ,b to argue f ?is process t ! ellipse is really a ?+ 9 ,nature1 & t ! heav5ly bodies d move or ev5 t5d to move 9 ellipses1 is obvi\sly a mo/ unw>rantable leap 9 ! d>k4 ,f9ally y argue t ! leap is w>rant$ because1 by assum+ t ! moon & planets move 9 ellipses1 y c actually =etell ?+s t happ51 z = in/ance ! occurr5ces ( eclipses2 & 9 reply to t ,i c only say t ,ty*o ,brah =etold eclipses almo/ z well by assum+ t ! heav5ly bodies mov$ 9 epicycles1 & t mod]n a/ronom]s d apply ! epicycle !ory 9 _! ma!matical =mul4 ,! epicycles 7 an assumption made = a c]ta9 purpose1 & ! ellipses are an assumption made = ! same purpose4 ,9 "s respects ! ellipse is a m conv5i5t fiction ?an ! epicycle1 b x is no less a fiction4 ,9 o!r words--) reg>d to ?is pa? ( ! moon 7z ) reg>d to any o!r ph5om5on ( ,nature7--our k ( x mu/ be ei!r absolute or relative4 ,b we _c "k ! absolute pa?2 & z to ! relative1 :y all we c say is t x does n exi/ 7any m ?an species exi/s7--we _c break up ,nature s2 x is n a ?+ 9 ,nature1 b 9 our own m9ds--x is a view & a fiction4#ai ,aga91 let u take an example f ,physics--,boyle's law ( ! compressibility ( gases4 ,?is law /ates t1 ! temp]ature rema9+ con/ant1 ! volume ( a giv5 quantity ( gas is inv]sely proportional to its pressure4 ,x is a law :i* has be5 made a good deal (1 & at "o "t 0 ?\ght to be true1 i4e41 x 0 ?\ght to be a /atem5t ( fact4 ,a m ext5d$ & c>eful obs]vation1 h[ev]1 %[s t x is only true "u s _m limitations1 t1 l ! ellipse 9 ,a/ronomy1 x mu/ be reg>d$ z a conv5i5t fiction & no?+ m4 ,x appe>s t air foll[s ! suppos$ law pretty well1 b n by any means exactly except )9 v n>r[ limits ( pressure2 o!r gases1 su* z c>bonic acid & hydrog51 deviate f x v consid]ably--"s m ?an o!rs1 & "s 9 "o direction & "s 9 ! opposite4 ,x 0 f\nd1 among o!r ?+s1 t ! ne>] a gas 0 to its liquefy+ po9t1 ! great] 0 ! deviation f ! suppos$ law1 & ! conclusion 0 jump$ at t ! law 0 true = p]fect gases only4 ,?is idea ( a p]fect gas ( c\rse involv$ ! assumption t gases1 z !y get f>!r & f>!r remov$ f _! liquify+ po9t1 rea* at la/ a fix$ & /able condition1 :5 no fur!r *ange 9 _! qualities takes place--at any rate = a v long "t--& ,boyle's law 0 suppos$ to apply to ?is condition4 ,s9ce !n1 h[ev]1 x has be5 discov]$ t !re is an ultra-gase\s /ate ( matt]1 & on all sides x is becom+ abundantly cle> t ! *ange 9 ! condition ( matt] f ! liquid /ate to ! ultra-gase\s /ate is p]fectly cont9u\s--?r\gh all modifications ( liquidity & cond5sation & e degree ( p]fection & imp]fection ( gas9ess to ! utmo/ r>ity ( ! f\r? /ate4 ,at :at po9t1 !n1 does ,boyle's law really apply8 ,obvi\sly x applies exactly at only "o po9t 9 ?is long asc5d+ scale--at "o metaphysical po9t--& at e o!r po9t x is incorrect4 ,b no gas 9 ,nature rema9s or c be ma9ta9$ j at "o po9t 9 ! scale ( its innum]able *anges4 ,consequ5tly1 all we c say is t out ( ! innum]able diff]5t /ates t gases are capable (1 & ! innum]able diff]5t laws ( compressibility :i* !y !re=e foll[1 we c\ld !oretically f9d "o /ate to :i* w\ld correspond ! law ( compressibility call$ ,boyle's law2 & t1 if we c\ld pres]ve a gas 9 t /ate 7:i* we c't71 ,boyle's law really w\ld be true j = t case4 ,9 o!r words1 ! law is metaphysical4 ,x has no real exi/5ce4 ,x is a conv5i5t view or fiction1 aris+ 9 ! fir/ place out ( ignorance1 & only t5able z long z fur!r obs]vation is limit$ or wilfully ignor$4 ,?is !n is ! ,me?od ( ,sci5ce4 ,x consi/s 9 =m+ a law or /atem5t by only look+ at a small portion ( ! facts2 !n1 :5 ! o!r facts come 91 ! law or /atem5t gradually fades away aga94 ,conrad ,gessn] & o!r e>ly zoologi/s began by classify+ animals accord+ to ! numb] ( _! horns6 ,political ,economy beg9s by classify+ social action "u a law ( ,supply & ,dem&4 ,:5 p believ$ t ! e>? 0 flat1 !y g5]alis$ ! facts connect$ ) ! fall ( heavy bodies into a conception ( up & d[n4 ,^! 7 two opposite directions 9 space4 ,heavy bodies took ! d[nw>d2 x 0 _! nature4 ,b 9 "t1 & z fre% facts came 91 x became impossible to gr\p animals any long] by _! horns2 up & d[n ceas$ to h a mean+ :5 x 0 kn[n t ! e>? 0 r\nd4 ,!n fre% laws & /atem5ts _h to be =m$4 ,9 ! la/-m5tion$ case--x be+ conceiv$ t ! e>? 0 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se--! new law suppos$ 0 t all heavy bodies t5d$ to ! c5tre ( ! e>? z su*4 ,?is 0 all "r & satisfactory = a :ile2 b pres5tly x appe>$ t ! e>? 0 n ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 & t "s heavy bodies--su* z ! satellites ( ,jupit]--did n 9 fact t5d to ! c5tre ( ! e>? at all4 ,ano!r lump ( ignorance 7:i* _h enabl$ ! old g5]alisation to exi/7 0 remov$1 & a new g5]alisation1 t ( univ]sal gravitation1 0 aft] a "t =m$4 ,b x is probable t ?is law is only conceiv$ ( z true ?r\gh our ignorance2 nay x is c]ta9 t belief 9 its tru? pres5ts ! grave/ difficulties4 ,9 fact "h we come ^u an important po9t4 ,x is sometimes said t1 grant+ ! above argum5ts & ! p>tiality & defectiv5ess ( ! laws ( ,sci5ce1 /ill !y are approximations to ! tru?1 & z ea* fre% fact is introduc$ ! consequ5t modification ( ! old law br+s u ne>] & ne>] to a limit ( rigor\s exactness :i* we %all rea* at la/ if we only h pati5ce en\gh4 ,b is ?is s8 ,:at k9d ( rigor\s /atem5t %all we rea* :5 we h got all ! facts 98 ,rememb]+ t ,nature is "o1 & t if we try to get a rigor\s /atem5t = "o set ( ph5om5a 7z say ! lun> !ory7 by isolat+ !m f ! re/1 we are !reby condemn+ ourselves be=eh& to a false conclusion1 is x n evid5t t our limit is at all times inf9itely f> (f8 ,if "o knew all ! facts relat+ to a giv5 inquiry except two or ?ree1 "o might reasonably suppose t "o 0 ne> a limit ( exactness 9 "o's k2 b see+ t 9 our inve/igation ( ,nature we only "k two or ?ree1 s to speak1 out ( a million1 x is obvi\s t at any mom5t ! fre% law aris+ f increas$ exp]i5ce may completely upset our =m] calculations4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 approximat+ to a wall & approximat+ to ! ,nor? ,/>4 ,9 ! "o case y are t5d+ to a spe$y conclusion ( y\r lab\rs1 9 ! o!r case y are only go+ 9 a c]ta9 direction4 ,! !ories ( ,sci5ce g5]ally belong "u ! second head4 ,!y m>k ! direction :i* ! human m9d is tak+ at ! mom5t 9 "q1 b !y m>k no limits4 ,at ea* po9t ! appe>ance ( a limit is introduc$--:i* becomes1 l a mirage 9 ! des]t1 an object ( ke5 pursuit2 b ! limit is n really !re--x is only an effect ( ! /&po9t1 & disappe>s aga9 aft] a "t z ! obs]v] moves4 ,9 ! case ( gravitation !re is = ! mom5t an appe>ance ( f9ality 9 ! law ( ! inv]se squ>e ( ! di/ance1 b ?is arises probably f ! fact t ! law is d]iv$ f a limit$ area ( obs]vation only1 namely ! movem5ts 7at great di/ances f ea* o!r7 ( "s ( ! heav5ly bodies4#bj ,! ,cav5di% & ,s*ehalli5 exp]im5ts d n %[ m ?an t ! law at ord9>y di/ances on ! e>?'s surface does n v>y v mu* f ! above2 :ile ! s-call$ molecul> =ces compel u 7unless we make ! v artificial assumption t a v>iety ( attractions & repulsions co-exi/ 9 matt] alongside (1 & yet totally di/9ct f1 ! attraction ( gravitation7 to suppose v great modifications ( ! law = small di/ances4 ,9 fact1 z we saw ( ,boyle's law be=e--! ,newtonian law is probably metaphysical--true "u c]ta9 limit$ conditions--& ! appe>ance ( f9ality has be5 giv5 to x by ! fact t our obs]vations h be5 made "u su* or simil> conditions4 ,:5 we ext5d our obs]vation into q o!r regions ( space1 ! law ( ! inv]se squ>e ceases to appe> z ev5 an approximation to ! tru?--z1 = in/ance1 ! law ( ! inv]se fif? p[] has be5 ?\ght to be ne>] ! m>k = small molecul> di/ances4 ,& inde$ ! /ate ( ! great !ories ( ,sci5ce 9 ! pres5t day--! confusion 9 :i* ! ,atomic !ory ( physics f9ds itself1 ! dismal insuffici5cy ( ! ,d>w9 !ory ( ! survival ( ! fitte/2 ! collapse 9 late times ( "o ( ! fundam5tal !ories ( ,a/ronomy1 namely t ( ! /ability ( ! lun> & planet>y orbits2 ! cataclysms & convulsions :i* ,geology seems j n[ to be und]go+2 ! appall+ & inde$ insurm\ntable difficulties :i* atta* to ! ,undulatory !ory ( ,light2 ! f9al wreck & ab&onm5t ( ! ,value-!ory1 ! f\ndation-!ory ( ,political ,economy--all ^! ?+s d n seem to po9t to v ne> limits ( rigor\s exactness6 ,an impregnable !ory1 or "o ne>+ ! limit ( impregnability1 is 9 fact z great an absurdity z an impregnable arm\r-plate4 ,c]ta9ly1 giv5 ! cannon-balls1 y c g5]ally f9d an arm\r-plate :i* w be pro( aga9/ !m2 b giv5 ! arm\r-plate1 y c always f9d cannon-balls :i* w sma% x up4 ,! me?od ( ,sci5ce1 z be+ a me?od ( artificial limitation or actual ignorance1 is curi\sly illu/rat$ by a consid]ation ( its v>i\s bran*es4 ,i h tak5 "s examples f ,a/ronomy1 :i* is consid]$ ! mo/ exact ( ! physical sci5ces4 ,n[ does x n seem curi\s t ,a/ronomy--! /udy ( ! heav5ly bodies1 :i* are ! mo/ di/ant f u ( all bodies1 & mo/ difficult to obs]ve--%\ld yet be ! mo/ p]fect ( ! sci5ces8 ,yet ! reason is obvi\s4 ,a/ronomy is ! mo/ p]fect sci5ce because we "k lea/ ab\t x--because our ignorance ( ! actual ph5om5a is mo/ pr(\nd4 ,situat$ 9 fact z we are1 on a speck 9 space1 ) our obs]vations limit$ to p]iods ( "t :i*1 comp>$ ) ! /up5d\s flights ( ! />s1 are m]ely mom5t>y & evanesc5t1 we are 9 some:at ! position ( a mole survey+ a railway track & ! flight ( locomotives4 ,& z a man see+ a v small arc ( a v va/ circle easily mi/akes x = a /raight l9e1 s we are easily satisfi$ ) *eap d$uctions & solutions 9 ,a/ronomy :i* a m ext5sive exp]i5ce w\ld cause u to reject4 ,! man may h a long way to g along 8 /raight l9e be=e he discov]s t x is a curve2 he may h mu* f>!r to g along 8 curve be=e he discov]s t x is n a circle2 & mu* f>!r /ill to g be=e he f9ds out :e!r x is an ellipse or a spiral or a p>abola1 or none ( ^!2 yet :at curve x is w make an enorm\s diff]5ce 9 8 ultimate de/9ation4 ,s ) ! a/ronom]2 & yet ,a/ronomy is all[$ to pass z an exact sci5ce6#ba ,well !n1 z 9 ,a/ronomy we get an exact sci5ce1 because ! facts & ph5om5a are on su* a trem5d\s scale t we only see a m9ute portion ( !m--j a few details s to speak--& our ignorance !re=e all[s u to dogmatise2 s at ! o!r end ( ! scale 9 ,*emi/ry & ,physics we get quasi-exact sci5ces1 because ! facts & ph5om5a are on su* a m9ute scale t we ov]look all ! details & see only c]ta9 g5]al effects "h & !re4 ,:5 a solution ( cupric sulphate is treat$ ) ammonia1 a mass ( floccul5t gre5 precipitate is =m$4 ,no "o has ! fa9te/ notion ( all ! v>i\s movem5ts & comb9ations ( ! molecules ( ^! two fluids :i* accompany ! appe>ance ( ! precipitate4 ,!y are no d\bt v complex4 ,b among all ! *anges t are tak+ place1 "o *ange has ! advantage ( be+ visible to ! eye1 & ! *emi/ s+les t out z ! ma9 ph5om5on4 ,s *emi/ry at l>ge consi/s 9 a few1 v few1 facts tak5 at r&om z x 7 7or because !y happ5 to be ( su* a nature z to be obs]vable7 out ( ! enorm\s mass ( facts really conc]n$3 & because ( _! fewness ! *emi/ is able to arrange !m1 z he ?9ks1 9 "s ord]1 t is1 to g5]alise ab\t !m4 ,b x is c]ta9 z c be t he only has to ext5d ! numb] ( 8 facts1 or 8 p[]s ( obs]vation1 to get all 8 g5]alisations upset4 ,! same may be said ( magnetism1 light1 heat1 & ! o!r physical sci5ces2 b x is n necess>y to prove 9 detail :at is suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,b n[1 r\ghly speak+1 !re is a ?ird region ( human obs]vation--a region :i* does n1 l ,a/ronomy 7& ,geology71 lie s f> beyond & above u t we only see a v small portion ( x2 nor1 l ,*emi/ry & ,physics1 s f> bel[ u & "u su* m9ute conditions ( space & "t t we c only cat* its g5]al effects2 b :i* lies m on a level ) man himself--! s-call$ organic _w--! /udy ( man1 z an individual & 9 society1 8 hi/ory1 8 developm5t1 ! /udy ( ! animals1 ! plants ev51 & ! laws ( life--! sci5ces ( ,biology1 ,sociology1 ,hi/ory1 ,psy*ology1 & ! re/4 ,n[ ?is region is obvi\sly t :i* man kn[s mo/ (4 ,i don't say t he g5]alises mo/ ab\t x1 b he kn[s ! facts be/4 ,= "o obs]vation t he makes ( ! habits & behavi\r ( ! />s1 or ( *emical solutions--= "o obs]vation 9 ! remote regions ( ,a/ronomy or ,*emi/ry--he makes ?\s&s & millions ( ! habits & behavi\r ( 8 fell[m51 & hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ^? ( ! animals & plants4 ,is x n curi\s !n t 9 ?is region he is lea/ sure1 lea/ dogmatic1 mo/ d\btful :e!r !re be a law or no8 ,or1 r1 is x n q 9 accord ) our cont5tion1 namely t ,sci5ce1 l an un9=m$ boy1 is mo/ def9ite & dogmatic j :]e actual k is lea/4 ,x w h[ev] be repli$ t ! ph5om5a ( liv+ be+s are f> m complex ?an ! ph5om5a ( ,a/ronomy or ,physics--& t is ! reason :y exact sci5ce makes s little way ) !m4 ,?\gh man kn[s _m million times m ab\t ! habits ( 8 fell[-m5 ?an ab\t ! habits ( ! />s1 yet ! =m] subject is s _m million times m complicat$ ?an ! latt] t all 8 additional k does n avail him4 ,?is is ! plea4 ,yet x does n hold wat]4 ,x is an entire assumption to say t ! ph5om5a ( ,a/ronomy are less complicat$ ?an ! ph5om5a ( vitality4 ,a mom5t's ?\ght w %[ t ! ph5om5a ( ,a/ronomy are 9 reality inf9itely complex4 ,take ! movem5t ( ! moon3 ev5 ) our pres5t acqua9tance ) t subject we "k t x has "s relation to ! position & mass ( ! e>?1 includ+ its ocean tides2 also to ! position & mass ( ! sun2 also to ! position & mass ( e "o ( ! planets2 also ( ! comets1 num]\s & unkn[n z !y are2 also ! meteoric r+s2 & f9ally ( all ! />s6 ,! problem1 z ev]yone kn[s1 is absolutely insoluble ev5 = ! %orte/ p]iod2 b :5 ! elem5t ( ,"t ent]s 91 & we consid] t to d any?+ l ju/ice to ! problem 9 an a/ronomical s5se we %\ld h to solve x = at lea/ a million ye>s--dur+ :i* int]val ! e>?1 sun1 & o!r bodies conc]n$ w\ld !mselves h be5 *ang+ _! relative positions1 x becomes obvi\s t ! :ole "q is inf9itely complex--& yet ?is is only a small fragm5t ( ,a/ronomy4 ,to debate1 !re=e1 :e!r ! inf9ite complexity ( ! movem5ts ( ! />s is great] or less ?an ! inf9ite complexity ( ! ph5om5a ( life1 is l debat+ ! prec$5ce ( ! ?ree p]sons ( ! ,tr9ity1 or :e!r ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 begott5 or proce$+3 we are talk+ ab\t ?+s :i* we d n und]/&4 ,nature is "o2 %e is n1 we may guess1 less pr(\nd & wond]ful 9 "o dep>tm5t ?an ano!r2 b f ! fact t we live "u c]ta9 conditions & limitations we see mo/ deeply into t portion :i* is1 z x 71 on ! same level ) u4 ,9 humanity we look h] 9 ! face2 !re our glance pi]ces1 & we see t %e is pr(\nd & wond]ful beyond all imag9ation2 :at we le>n !re is ! mo/ valuable t we c le>n4 ,9 ! regions :]e ,sci5ce rejoices to disport itself we see only ! skirts ( h] g>m5ts1 s to speak1 & ?\gh we measure !m nev] s precisely1 we /ill see !m & no?+ m4 ,!re is ano!r po9t1 h[ev]1 ( :i* mu* is (t5 made z a plea = ! sub/antial accuracy ( ! sci5tific laws & g5]alisations1 namely t !y enable u to pr$ict ev5ts4 ,b ?is ne$ n deta9 u long4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill 9 8 ,logic has po9t$ out--& a little ?\ght makes x obvi\s--t ! success ( a pr$iction does n prove ! tru? ( ! !ory on :i* x is f\nd$4 ,x only proves ! !ory 0 good en\gh = t pr$iction4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! sun 0 a god go+ =? 9 8 *>iot e morn+1 & !re 0 a "t :5 ! e>? 0 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 & ! sun a ball ( fire revolv+ r\nd x4 ,9 ^? times m5 c\ld pr$ict ) c]ta9ty t ! sun w\ld rise next morn+1 & c\ld ev5 "n ! h\r ( its appe>ance2 b we d n !re=e ?9k t _! !ories 7 true4 ,:5 ,adams & ,lev]ri] =etold ! appe>ance ( ,neptune 9 a c]ta9 "p ( ! sky1 !y made a brief pr$iction to an unkn[n planet f ! obs]v$ relations ( ! movem5ts ( ! kn[n planets2 t does n %[1 h[ev]1 t ! gr& g5]alisation ( ^! movem5ts1 call$ ! law ( gravitation1 is correct4 ,x m]ely %[s t x did well en\gh = ?is v brief /ep--brief inde$ comp>$ ) ! real problems ( ,a/ronomy1 = :i* latt] x is probably q inadequate4 ,ty*o ,brah1 excell5t a/ronom] z he 01 kept z we saw to ! epicycle !ory4 ,he imag9$ t ! moon's pa? r\nd ! e>? 0 a fix$ comb9ation ( cycle & epicycle4 ,kepl] introduc$ ! conception ( ! ellipse4 ,lat] on ! motion ( ! p]igee & o!r deviations compell$ ! ab&onm5t ( ! ellipse & ! supposition ( an endless curve1 simil> to an ellipse at any "o po9t1 & ma9ta9+ a fix$ mean di/ance f ! e>?1 b nev] return+ on itself or mak+ a def9ite clos$ figure ( any k9d4 ,f9ally ! rese>*es ( ,mr4 ,george ,d>w9 h de/roy$ ! conception ( ! fix$ mean di/ance1 & introduc$ t ( a cont9ually enl>g+ spiral4 ,c]ta9ly no f\r !ories c\ld well be m di/9ct f ea* o!r ?an ^!2 yet if an eclipse _h to be calculat$ = next ye> x w\ld sc>cely matt] :i* !ory 0 us$4 ,! tru? is t ! actual problem is s va/ t a pr$iction ( a few ye>s 9 advance only t\*es ! fr+e ( x s to speak2 yet if ! fulfilm5t ( ! pr$iction 7 tak5 z a pro( ( ! !ory 9 ea* ( ^! diff]5t cases1 x w\ld lead 9 ! end to ! mo/ hopelessly contradictory results4 ,! success ( a pr$iction !re=e only %[s t ! !ory on :i* x is f\nd$ has _h practical value s f> z a work+ hypo!sis4 ,z work+ hypo!ses1 & z long z !y are kept d[n to brief /eps :i* c be v]ifi$1 ! sci5tific !ories are v valuable--inde$ we c\ld n d )\t !m2 b :5 !y are treat$ z objective facts--:51 = in/ance1 ! law ( gravitation--d]iv$ z x is f a brief /udy ( ! heav5ly bodies--has a univ]sal tru? ascrib$ to x1 & is made to apply to ph5om5a ext5d+ ov] millions ( ye>s1 & to w>rant unv]ifiable prophecies ab\t ! planet>y orbits1 or /atem5ts ab\t ! age ( ! e>? & ! duration ( ! sol> sy/em--all "o c say is t ^? :o argue s are fly+ (f at a tang5t f actual facts4 ,= z ! tang5t repres5ts ! direction ( a curve ov] a small arc1 s ^! !ories repres5t ! be>+ ( facts well en\gh ov] a small region ( obs]vation2 b z foll[+ ! tang5t we soon lose ! curve1 s foll[+ ^! !ories = any di/ance beyond ! region ( actual obs]vation we spe$ily "p company ) facts4#bb ,to proce$ ) a few m words ab\t ! g5]al me?od ( ,sci5ce4 ,sci5ce passes f ph5om5a to laws1 f individual details :i* c be se5 & felt to l>ge g5]alisations ( an intangible & phantom-l "*4 ,t is to say1 t = conv5i5ce ( ?\ght we classify objects4 ,h[ is ?is classification effect$8 ,x is effect$ ?r\gh ! p]ception ( id5tity amid diff]5ce4 ,among a lot ( objects ,i p]ceive c]ta9 attributes 9 common2 ?is gr\p ( common attributes s]ves1 s to speak1 z a b& to tie ^! objects toge!r )--into a bundle conv5i5t = ?\ght4 ,i give a "n to ! b&1 & t s]ves to d5ote any unit ( ! bundle by4 ,?us p]ceiv+ common attributes among a lot ( dogs--z 9 an example already giv5--,i give ! "n foxh\nd to ?is gr\p ( attributes1 & !nce=? use ! "n foxh\nd to connect ^! objects by 9 my m9d2 aga9 p]ceiv+ o!r common attributes among o!r simil> objects1 ,i inv5t ! ^w greyh\nd to d5ote ^! latt] by4 ,! concept foxh\nd diff]s f ! objects :i* x d5otes1 9 ?is respect t ^! latt] are 7z we say7 real dogs ) ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( attributes ea*3 "o ( !m has a brok5 too?1 ano!r is ne>ly all :ite1 ano!r answ]s to ! "n ,sally1 & s on2 :ile ! concept is only an imag9>y =m 9 my m9d1 ) only a few attributes & no individual peculi>ities--a k9d ( t9y ,g4,c4,m4 aris+ f ! contemplation ( a long r[ ( big figures4 ,n[ hav+ creat$ ^! concepts foxh\nd1 greyh\nd1 & a lot ( o!r simil> ones1 ,i f9d t !y 9 _! turn h a few attributes 9 common & ?us give rise to a new concept dog4 ,( c\rse ?is dog is m ( an ab/raction ?an ev]1 ! concept ( a concept4 ,9 fact ! peculi>ity ( ?is :ole process is t1 z sometimes /at$1 ! broad] ! g5]alisation becomes ! less is its dep?2 or 9 o!r words & obvi\sly1 t z ! numb] ( objects comp>$ increases1 ! numb] ( attributes common to !m all decreases4 ,ultimately z we saw at ! beg9n+1 :5 a suffici5t numb] ( objects are tak5 91 ! concept 7dog or :atev] x may be7 fades away & ceases to h any mean+4 ,?is !re=e is ! dilemma ( ,sci5ce & inde$ ( all human k1 t 9 c>ry+ out ! process :i* is peculi> to x1 x necess>ily leaves ! dry gr\nd ( reality = ! wat]y region ( ab/ractions1 :i* ab/ractions become ev] m t5u\s & ungraspable ! f>!r x goes1 & ultimately fade into m]e gho/s4 ,nev]!less ! process is a q necess>y "o1 = only by x c ! m9d deal ) ?+s4 ,to dwell = a mom5t ov] ?is la/ po9t3 x is cle> t e object has relation to e o!r object 9 ! _w--exi/s 9 fact only 9 virtue ( su* relation to o!r objects2 x has !re=e an inf9ite numb] ( attributes4 ,! m9d consequ5tly is p[]less to deal ) su* object--x _c by any possibility ?9k x4 ,9 ord] to deal ) x1 ! m9d is =c$ to s+le out a few ( its attributes 7! me?od ( ignorance or ab/raction already allud$ to7--t is a few ( its relations to o!r objects1 & to ?9k !m fir/4 ,! o!rs x w ?9k aft]w>ds--all 9 good "t4 ,9 ?us /ripp+ or ab/ract+ ! great mass ( its attributes f our object1 & leav+ only a few1 :i* x comb9es into a concept1 ! m9d practically ab&ons ! real article & takes up ) a %ad[2 b 9 return = ?is x gets some?+ :i* x c h&le1 :i* is light to c>ry ab\t1 & :i*1 l pap]-money1 = ! "t & "u c]ta9 conditions does really repres5t value4 ,! only dang] is le/ x--! m9d--c>ri$ away by ! ext5sive applicability ( ! p>tial concept :i* x has ?us =m$1 %\ld cr$it x ) an actual value--%\ld project x on ! backgr\nd ( ! ext]nal _w & ascribe to x t reality :i* belongs only to objects !mselves1 i4e41 to ?+s embody+ an inf9ite range ( attributes4 ,! peculi> me?od ( ,sci5ce is n[ cle> to u1 & c be abundantly illu/rat$ f mod]n results4 ,our exp]i5ce consi/s 9 s5sations1 we feel ! weight ( heavy bodies1 we see !m fall :5 let g1 we h s5sations ( heat & cold1 light & d>kness1 & s =?4 ,b ^! s5sations are m or less local & v>iable f man to man1 & we naturally seek to f9d "s common measure ( !m1 by :i* we c talk ab\t & describe !m exactly1 & indep5d5tly ( ! peculi>ities ( individual obs]v]s4 ,?us we seek to f9d "s common ph5om5on :i* und]lies 7z we say7 ! s5sations ( heat & cold1 or ( light & d>kness1 or some?+ :i* expla9s 7i4e41 is always pres5t 97 ! case ( fall+ bodies--& to d ?is we adopt ! me?od ( g5]alisation above describ$1 i4e41 we obs]ve a great numb] ( individual cases & !n see :at qualities or attributes !y h 9 common4 ,s f> good4 ,b x is j "h t ! fallacy ( ! ord9>y sci5tific proc$ure comes 92 =1 =gett+ t ^! common qualities are m]e ab/ractions f ! real ph5om5a we cr$it !m ) a real exi/5ce1 & reg>d ! actual ph5om5a z second>y results1 effects or :at-n ( ^! causes4 ,?is 9 pla9 language is putt+ ! c>t be=e ! horse--or r ! %ad[ be=e ! man4 ,?us f9d+ t a va/ numb] ( v>i\sly %ap$ & col\r$ bodies t5d to fall t[>ds ! e>?1 we erect ?is common attribute ( fall+ into an indep5d5t exi/5ce :i* we call attraction or gravitation--& ultimately posit a univ]sal gravitation act+ on all bodies 9 ,nature6--or f9d+ t a numb] ( diff]5t sub/ances1 su* z wat]1 air1 wood1 etc41 convey to u ! s5sation we call s\nd1 & t 9 all ^! cases ! common elem5t is vibration1 we deta* ! attribute vibration1 cr$it x ) a sep>ate exi/5ce1 & speak ( x z ! cause ( s\nd4 ,b ?\gh we may ?us ?9k ( ! %ad[ z sep>ate f ! man1 ! %ad[ _c be sep>ate f ! man2 & ?\gh we may try to ?9k ( ! fall+ or ! vibration z sep>ate f ! wood or ! /one1 su* fall+ & vibration _c exi/ ap>t f ^! & o!r su* mat]ials1 & ! ef=t to speak ( x z s exi/+ ends 9 m]e nons5se4 ,m /range /ill is ! fatuity1 :51 z 9 ! case ( ! undulatory ,!ory ( light or ! ,atomic !ory ( physics1 ! concepts ?us erect$ into actualities are compos$ ( purely imag9>y attributes--( :i* no "o has _h any exp]i5ce--an undulatory e!r 9 ! "o case1 a h>d & p]fectly ela/ic atom 9 ! o!r4 ,! total result is ( c\rse--j :at we see--,sci5ce l&+ itself 9 pure absurdities 9 e direction4 ,beg9n+ by deta*+ ! attribute ( fall+ f ! bodies t fall--beg9n+ t is by an ab/raction1 :i* ( c\rse is also a falsity--x g5]alises & g5]alises ?is ab/raction till at la/ x rea*es a p]fectly g5]alis$ absurdity & ?+ )\t any mean+--! law ( gravitation4#bc ,! /atem5t t e p>ticle 9 ! univ]se attracts e o!r p>ticle ) a =ce proportional to ! mass ( ! attract+ p>ticle & inv]sely proportional to ! squ>e ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! two is devoid ( mean+--! human m9d c give no def9ite mean+s to ! words mass1 attract1 & =ce1 :i* d n ov]lap & /ultify ea* o!r4 ,! law 9 e way baffles intellig5ce4 ,newton1 :o inv5t$ x1 decl>$ t no philosophic m9d w\ld suppose t bodies c\ld ?us act on "o ano!r )\t ! m$iation ( any?+ else by & ?r\gh :i* _! action might be convey$2 sci5tific m5 to-day are fa9 to see t a mat]ial m$iation ( ?is k9d w\ld only make ! law /ill m remote f our compreh5sion ?an x already is1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 an immat]ial m$iation or a f\r?-dim5sional m$iation1 su* z "s propose1 w\ld simply remove ! problem out ( ! regions ( sci5tific analysis4#bd ,aga91 ! =m ( ! law is decl>$ to be ! inv]se squ>e ( ! di/ance2 b ?is is ! law by ! nature ( space itself ( any p]fect radiation1 & if true ( gravitation involves ! conclusion t t radiation ( =ce 7:atev] its nature may be7 takes place )\t loss or dissipation ( any k9d4 ,?is w\ld make gravitation absolutely unique among ph5om5a4 ,m ?an ?is1 its propagation is suppos$ to be in/antane\s ov] ! mo/ enorm\s di/ances ( space1 & to take place always unh9d]$ & unret>d$1 :atev] be ! numb] or ! nature ( ! bodies betwe56 ,:at c be m cle> ?an t ! law is simply metaphysical--a projection into a mon/r\s univ]sality & ab/raction1 ( p>tially und]/ood ph5om5a 9 a p>ticul> region ( obs]vation--a ,brock5-%ad[ on ! backgr\nd ( ,nature ( ! obs]v]'s own mom5t>y attitude ( ?\ght8 ,aga91 ! undulatory !ory ( ,light4 ,/udy+ ! ph5om5a ( a va/ numb] ( col\r$ & bright bodies1 ,sci5ce f9ds t x c ?9k ab\t ^! ph5om5a--c g5]alise & tie !m into bundles be/ by assum+ t ! bodies are all 9 a /ate ( vibration2 a vibration s m9ute t 7unlike ! vibrations connect$ ) ,s\nd7 x _c be directly p]ceiv$4 ,s f> good4 ,!re is no h>m 9 ! assumption ( vibration1 z long z x is und]/ood to be a m]e assumption = a tempor>y conv5i5ce ( ?\ght4 ,b n[ ,sci5ce goes f>!r ?an ?is1 & n only supposes a common attribute to all visible bodies1 b cr$its ?is common attribute ) a real exi/5ce indep5d5t ( ! visible bodies 9 :i* x 0 suppos$ to inh]e--& makes ?is ! cause ( _! visibility6 ,obvi\sly n[ a common & univ]sal m$ium is requir$ = ?is common & univ]sal assum$ vibration 7j z ,newton requir$ a m$ium = 8 univ]sal fall+7--& s1 hey pre/o6 we h ! ,undulatory ,e!r4 ,& hav+ got x we f9d t to fulfil our requirem5ts x mu/ h a pressure ( #ag million million p\nds on ! squ>e in*1 & yet be s r>e & t5u\s z n to h9d] ! lighte/ brea? ( air2 t :ile x is ?us r>e en\gh to surpass all our p[]s ( direct scrut9y1 its vibrations mu/ yet be capable ( agitat+ & break+ up ! solide/ bodies2 t x mu/ pass freely ?r\gh "s d5se & close /ructures l glass1 & yet be exclud$ by "s light & por\s1 l cork1 & s on & on6 ,9 fact we f9d t x is un?9kable4 ,aga9/ ?is adamant9e1 impalpable ,e!r1 z aga9/ ?is in/antane\s1 untranslatable gravitation1 ,sci5ce bangs its devot$ head 9 va94 ,hav+ creat$ ^! absurdities by ! me?od ( p]sonification ( ab/ractions#be or ! reification ( concepts1#bf x s]i\sly & 9 all good fai? tries to und]/& !m2 hav+ dress$ up its own ,mumbo ,jumbo 7:i* x once je]$ at religion = do+7 x pi\sly %uts its eyes & endeav\rs to believe 9 x4 ,! ,atomic ,!ory af=ds a good example ( ! me?od ( ignorance4 ,:5 we try to ?9k ab\t mat]ial objects g5]ally--to g5]alise ab\t !m--t is1 to f9d "s attribute or attributes common to !m1 we are at fir/ puzzl$4 ,!y pres5t su* an imm5se v>iety4 ,b aft] a "t1 by d9t ( /ripp+ (f or ab/ract+ all su* attributes or qualities z we ?9k we p]ceive 9 "o body & n 9 ano!r--z = example1 r$ness1 blu5ess1 w>m?1 saltness1 life1 intellig5ce1 or :at n--we f9d an attribute left1 namely resi/ance to t\*1 :i* is common to all mat]ial bodies4 ,?is quality 9 ! body we call mass1 & s9ce x is only kn[n by motion1 mass & motion become correlative attributes :i* we f9d useful to class bodies by1 n because !y repres5t ! v>i\s bodies p>ticul>ly well1 b because !y are f\nd 9 all bodies2 j z y might class p by _! boots--n because boots are a v valuable me?od ( classification1 b simply because e "o we>s boots ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,s f> !re is no great h>m done4 ,b n[ hav+ by ! me?od ( ignorance ?\ght away all ! qualities ( bodies1 except ! two correlatives ( mass & motion1 we set ab\t to expla9 ! ph5om5a ( ,nature g5]ally by ^! two ?9ks t are left4 ,we cr$it ^! ?9ks 7mass & motion7 ) an indep5d5t exi/5ce & proce$ to d]ive ! re/ ( ph5om5a f !m4 ,! proce$+ ( c\rse is absurd1 & ends by expos+ its own absurdity4 ,?9k+ ( mass & motion z exi/+ 9 ! v>i\s bodies ap>t f col\r1 smell1 & s =?--:i* ( c\rse is n ! case--we comb9e ! two attributes into "o concept1 ! atom1 :i* we ?us assume to exi/ 9 all bodies4 ,! atom has nei!r col\r1 smell1 w>m?1 ta/e1 life or intellig5ce2 x has only mass & motion2 = x came by ! me?od ( dive/+ our ?\ght ( ev]y?+ b mass & motion4 ,x is a projection ( a ?9k ^u ! backgr\nd ( nature4 ,& x is an absurdity4 ,no su* ?+ exi/s 9 all ! wide univ]se z mass & motion dive/$ f col\r1 smell1 w>m?1 life & intellig5ce4 ,! atom is un?9kable4 ,x is p]fectly h>d & x is p]fectly ela/ic--:i* is ! same z say+ t x b5ds & x doesn't b5d at ! same "t2 x has =m1 & x hasn't =m2 x has aff9ities & yet is p]fectly indiff]5t4 ,to ju/ify to m5 ! ways ( _! ,mumbo ,jumbo has sorely ex]cis$ ! vot>ies ( ! ,atom4 ,"o philosoph] says t x is m]e matt]1 passive1 ex]cis+ no =ce b resi/ance2 ano!r says t x is a c5tre ( =ce1 )\t matt]2 a ?ird sugge/s t x is n itself matt]1 b only a vortex 9 o!r matt]6 ,all agree t x is n an object ( s5se1 & !re rema9s no conclusion b t x is nons5se6#bg ,& s on 9 all directions4 ,human ?\ght fly+ (f at its tang5ts f ,nature l&s itself 9 inf9ite no?+s af> (f1 poor gho/ly skeletons & ab/ractions f ,nature--:i* inde$ is all "r1 = human ?\ght z yet c only see gho/s & n realities2 b let !re be no mi/ake1 let ^! gho/s n be mi/ak5 = realities--= !y are n ev5 compatible ) ea* o!r4 ,! ,atom t suits ! physici/ does n suit ! *emi/4 ,! ,e!r t does = ! vehicle ( ,light w n d = ! vehicle ( univ]sal ,gravitation4 ,x w\ld be h>dly wor? :ile ent]+ into ^! criticisms1 7 x n evid5t t ,sci5ce 9 mod]n times1 ei!r tacitly or explicitly1 has be5 seek+1 z ,i said at ! beg9n+1 to en\nce facts indep5d5t ( ,man1 ! obs]v]4 ,see+ t ! ord9>y /atem5ts ( daily life are obvi\sly inexact & relative to ! obs]v]--*>g$ ) human s5sation 9 fact--,sci5ce has naturally tri$ to produce some?+ :i* %\ld be exact & indep5d5t ( human s5sation2 b "h x has ( c\rse condemn$ itself be=eh& to failure2 = no /atem5t ( isolat$ ph5om5a or gr\ps ( ph5om5a c be exact except by ! me?od ( ignorance a=esaid1 & no /atem5t obvi\sly c be really indep5d5t ( human s5sation4 ,:5 a man says ,x is cold1 8 /atem5t1 x mu/ be confess$1 is deplorably human & vague4 ,x--:at is t8 ,is--d y mean is8 or d y mean feels1 appe>s8 ,cold--9 :at s5se8 ,cold to y\rself1 or to o!r p1 or to pol> be>s1 or by ! !rmomet]8 ,& s on4 ,sci5ce !re=e /eps 9 ) an air ( au?ority & sets him "r4 ,x says ! temp]ature is #cj ,fahr5heit1 z if to settle ! matt]4 ,b does ?is really settle ! matt]8 ,temp]ature--:o kn[s :at t is8 ,:at is ! sci5tific def9ition ( x8 ,i f9d 7,cl]k-,maxwell's ,!ory ( ,heat1 p4 #b47 ! temp]ature ( a body is a quantity :i* indicates h[ hot or h[ cold ! body is4 ,?is s\nds v mu* l say+1 ! col\r ( a body is a quantity :i* indicates h[ blue1 r$1 or yell[ ! body is4 ,x does n br+ u mu* f>!r on our way4 ,b 9 ! next p>agraph ,maxwell %[s ! object ( 8 def9ition 7:i* ( c\rse is only prelim9>y7 by say+1 ,by ! use1 !re=e1 ( ! ^w temp]ature1 we fix 9 our m9ds ! conviction t x is possible n only to feel1 b to measure1 h[ hot a body is4 ,t is to say he cle>ly ma9ta9s t x is possible to f9d an absolute /&>d ( hotness or coldness--or r ( ! unkn[n ?+ call$ temp]ature--outside ( ourselves & indep5d5t ( human s5sation4 ,:5 ! man said he 0 cold he 0 probably j describ+ 8 own s5sations1 b "h ,sci5ce indicates t x is 9 se>* ( some?+ :i* has an indep5d5t exi/5ce ( its own1 & :i* !re=e :5 f\nd we c measure exactly & once = all4 ,:at !n is t ?+8 ,:at is temp]ature8 say1 :at is x8 ,we cudgel our bra9s 9 va94 ,p]haps ! rema9d] ( ! s5t5ce w help u4 ,! temp]ature is #cj ,fahr5heit4 ,! unkn[n ?+ is ?irty degrees4 ,:at !n is a degree8 ,t is ! next "q4 ,:5 ! ,!ory ( ,heat w5t out f s5sation & left x beh9d1 "o ( its fir/ l&+ places 0 9 ! expansion ( liquids--z 9 !rmomet] tubes4 ,"h = "s "t 0 ?\ght to be a satisfactory regi/] ( temp]ature4 ,b be=e long x became app>5t t ! degree--,fahr5heit1 ,raumur1 or :at-n--0 an entirely arbitr>y ?+1 also t x 0 n ! same#bh ?+ at "o end ( ! scale z ! o!r1 & f9ally t ! scale itself _h no />t+ po9t6 ,?is 0 awkw>d1 s a move 0 made to ! air !rmomet]1 & !re 0 "s talk ab\t an absolute z]o & absolute temp]atures2 x 0 ?\ght t ! ,unkn[n ?+ %[$ itself mo/ cle>ly & simply 9 ! expansion ( air & o!r gases1 & t ! degree might fairly be measur$ 9 t]ms ( ?is expansion4 ,b 9 a little "t ?is k9d ( !rmomet]--*iefly because no gas turn$ out to be !oretically p]fect--broke d[n1 absolute z]o & all1 & ano!r /ep _h to be made--namely1 to ! dynamical !ory4 ,x 0 ann\nc$ t ! ,unkn[n ?+ might be measur$ 9 t]ms ( me*anical en]gy1 & ,j\le at ,man*e/] proclaim$ t ! "w done by any quantity ( wat] fall+ !re a di/ance ( #ggb feet is capable ( rais+ t wat] "o degree ,fahr5heit4#bi ,"h seem$ some?+ def9ite4 ,to measure temp]ature by mass & velocity1 to measure a degree by ! flight ( a /one1 or ! heat 9 ! human body by ! fall ( a factory *imney--if r r\ndab\t & elusive ( ! ma9 "q--seem$ at any rate promis+ ( exact results6 ,un=tunately ! difficulty 0 to pass f ! !ory to its application4 ,! complicat$ nature ( ! problem1 ! imp]fection ( ! gases & o!r bodies "u consid]ation1 ! lat5t & specific heats to be all[$ =1 ! elusive nature ( heat 9 exp]im5t1 & ! v>iable value ( ! degree itself--all r5d] ! conclusions on ?is subject mo/ prec>i\s2 & ! g5]al equations connect+ ! ,fahr5heit or o!r temp]atures ) a !rmo-dynamic scale--:ile !y become s unwieldy z to be practically useless--are !mselves aft] all only approximate4 ,f9ally1 to give a la/ =m to ! me*anical !ory ( heat1 ! conception ( fly+ atoms or molecules 0 introduc$1 & a numb] ( neat g5]alisations 7 d$uc$ f dynamical consid]ations4 ,( c\rse x 0 inevitable1 hav+ once />t$ ) a me*anical !ory1 t "o %\ld arrive at ! ,atom "s "t or o!r--& 7f :at has already be5 said7 x 0 also inevitable t ! result %\ld be unsatisfactory4 ,x is suffici5t to say t ! molecul> !ory ( heat is n 9 accordance ) facts4 ,su* ?+s z ! law ( ,*>les & ! law ( ,boyle1 :i* accord+ to x %\ld be /rictly accurate & ( g5]al application1 are kn[n to be true only ov] a mo/ limit$ range4 ,?is failure ( ! !ory may be said to arise p>tly f its be+ pursu$ by ! /ati/ical me?od2 b if1 on ! o!r h&1 we 7 to try & foll[ out ! individual movem5t ( ea* molecule we %\ld be l&$ 9 a problem f> exce$+ 9 complexity ! wilde/ flights ( ,a/ronomy1 & %\ld h ex*ang$ = ! orig9al difficulty ab\t temp]ature a difficulty f> great]4 ,! result ( all ?is has be5 t not)/&+ ! talk ab\t en]gy & atoms1 ,sci5ce has sadly to confess t x c /ill give no valid mean+ to ! ^w temp]ature3 ! unkn[n ?+ is /ill unkn[n1 ! indep5d5t exi/5ce r\nd ! corn] /ill escapes u4 ,by ! v ef=t to arrive at some?+ indep5d5t ( human s5sation1 ,sci5ce has1 9 a r\ndab\t way1 arriv$ at an absurdity4 ,:5 ! man said he 0 cold1 8 /atem5t--deplorably vague z x c]ta9ly 0--_h "s mean+2 he 0 describ+ 8 feel+s1 or possibly he _h se5 "s sn[ or "s ice on ! road2 b :51 9 ! endeav\r to leave out ! human & to say some?+ absolute1 ,sci5ce decl>$ t ! temp]ature 0 ?irty degrees1 x committ$ itself to a rem>k :i* possibly 0 exact 9 =m1 b to :i* x has nev] giv5 & nev] c give any def9ite mean+4#cj ,simil>ly ) o!r g5]alities ( ,sci5ce3 ! law ( ! ,cons]vation ( ,en]gy1 ! law ( ! ,survival ( ! ,fitte/--! m y ?9k ab\t !m ! less possible is x to give any really intelligible s5se to !m4 ,! v ^w ,fitte/ really begs ! "q :i* is "u consid]ation1 & ! :ole ,cons]vation law is m]ely an att5uation ( ! already mu* att5uat$ law ( ,gravitation4 ,! ,*emical ,elem5ts !mselves are no?+ b ! projection on ! ext]nal _w ( concepts consi/+ ( ?ree or f\r attributes ea*3 !y are n m real1 b v mu* less real ?an ! individual objects :i* !y are suppos$ to acc\nt =2 & _! elem5t>y "* is m]ely fictional4 ,x probably is 9 fact z absurd to speak ( pure c>bon or pure gold1 z ( a pure monkey or a pure dog4 ,!re are no su* ?+s1 except z !y may be arriv$ at by arbitr>y def9ition & ! me?od ( ignorance4 ,9 ! se>* = exactness1 !n1 ,sci5ce has be5 cont9ually l$ on to disc>d ! human & p]sonal elem5ts 9 ph5om5a1 9 ! hope ( f9d+ "s residuum z x 7 beh9d !m :i* %\ld n be p]sonal & human b absolute & inv>iable4 ,& ! t5d5cy has be5 7hi!rto7 9 all ! sci5ces to get rid ( su* t]ms z blue1 r$1 light1 heavy1 hot1 cold1 concord1 discord1 heal?1 vitality1 "r1 wrong1 etc41 & to rely on any less human elem5ts discov]able 9 ea* case2 z = in/ance 9 ,s\nd1 to deal less & less ) ! judgm5ts & s5sations ( ! e>1 & to rely m & m on measurem5ts ( l5g?s ( /r+s1 numb]s ( vibrations1 etc4 ,ea* sci5ce has be5 7z f> z possible7 r$uc$ to its l[e/ t]ms4 ,e?ics has be5 made a "q ( utility & inh]it$ exp]i5ce4 ,political ,economy has be5 exhau/$ ( all conceptions ( ju/ice betwe5 man & man1 ( *>ity1 affection1 & ! in/9ct ( solid>ity2 & has be5 f\nd$ on its l[e/ discov]able factor1 namely self-int]e/4 ,biology has be5 d5ud$ ( ! =ce ( p]sonality 9 plants1 animals1 & m52 ! self "h has be5 set aside1 & ! attempt made to r$uce ! sci5ce to a "q ( *emical & cellul> aff9ities1 protoplasm1 & ! laws ( osmose4 ,*emical aff9ities1 aga91 & all ! wond]ful ph5om5a ( ,physics are empti$ d[n into a flight ( atoms2 & ! flight ( atoms 7& ( a/ronomic orbs z well7 is r$uc$ to ! laws ( dynamics--:i* ! /ud5t sitt+ 9 8 *amb] may write d[n on a piece ( pap]4 ,?us ! idea1 =mulat$ by ,comte1 ( a great scale ( sci5ces aris+ f ! simple/ to ! mo/ complex1 has tacitly und]la9 mod]n sci5tific "w4 ,x--,sci5ce--has s\ght to expla9 ea* /age by ref]5ce to a l[] /age--blu5ess by vibrations1 & vibrations by fly+ atoms--! human always by ! sub-human4 ,go+ out f humanity dissatisfi$1 x has w&]$ ?r\gh ! animal & vegetable k+doms1 ?r\gh ! regions ( ,*emi/ry & ,physics1 into t ( ,me*anics4 ,"h at la/1 9 ,me*anics1 is some?+ outside humanity1 some?+ exact 9 itself1 some?+ sub/antial1 x has said4 ,let u build aga9 on ?is z on a f\ndation1 & 9 "t we %all f9d out :at humanity is4 ,?is ,i say has be5 ! dream ( ,mod]n ,sci5ce2 yet ! fallacy ( x is obvi\s4 ,we h n got outside ! human1 b only to ! out]mo/ v]ge ( x4 ,mass & motion1 :i* 9 ?is process are tak5 to be real entities & ! fir/ prog5itors ( all ph5om5a1 are simply ! la/ ab/ractions ( s5sible exp]i5ce1 & our emptie/ concepts4 ,! mat]ial explanation ( ! univ]se is simply an attempt to acc\nt = ph5om5a by ^? attributes :i* appe> to u to be common to !m all--:i* is1 z said be=e1 l acc\nt+ = m5 by _! boots3--x may be possible to get an exact =mula ?is way1 b its cont5ts h little or no mean+4 ,! :ole process ( ,sci5ce & ! ,comtian classification ( its bran*es--reg>d$ ?us z an attempt to expla9 ,man by ,me*anics--is a huge vici\s circle4 ,x pr(esses to />t ) some?+ simple1 exact1 & inv>iable1 & f ?is po9t to m\nt /ep by /ep till x comes to ,man himself2 b inde$ x />ts ) ,man4 ,x plants itself on s5sations l[ d[n 7mass1 motion1 etc471 & endeav\rs by means ( !m to expla9 s5sations high up1 :i* rem9ds "o ( no?+ s mu* z t process vulg>ly describ$ z climb+ up a ladd] to comb y\r hair4 ,9 tru? ,sci5ce has nev] left ! great _w1 or cosmos1 ( ,man1 nor ev] really f\nd a locus /&i )\t x2 b dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree c5turies x has gone 9 ?is direction1 outw>ds1 cont9ually4 ,leav+ ! c5tral basis & facts ( humanity z too va/ & unmanageable1 & also z app>5tly v>iable f man to man & !re=e af=d+ no c]ta9 cons5t to "w ^u1 x has w&]$ gradually outw>ds1 seek+ some?+ ( m def9ite & univ]sal application ,disc>d+ ?us "o by "o ! int]ior phases ( s5sation--z ! s5se ( p]sonal relation%ip1 ! s5se ( ju/ice1 duty1 fitness 9 ?+s or :at-n 7z too unc]ta91 or p]haps develop$ to an unequal degree 9 diff]5t p]sons1 embryonic 9 "o & matur$ 9 ano!r71 drift+ pa/ ! m specialis$ bodily s5ses1 ( col\r1 s\nd1 ta/e1 smell1 etc41 z = simil> reasons unavailable--,sci5ce at la/ 9 ! primitive consci\sness ( muscul> contraction & its ab/raction mass or matt] comes to a pause4 ,"h 9 ?is la/ s5se1 common probably to man & ! l[e/ animals1 x f9ds its wide/1 mo/ univ]sal gr\nd--its f>!/ limit f ! ,c5tre4 ,x has rea*$ ! out]mo/ %ell1 z x 71 ( ! great ,man-cosmos4 ,ev5 ?is %ell is p>tially human2 x is n entirely osse\s1 & s f> n entirely exact & inv>iable2 b ,sci5ce c g no f>!r--& !re1 = ! pres5t1 x may rema96 ,"s day p]haps1 :5 all ?is %[y ve/ure ( sci5tific !ory 7:i* has ?is peculi>ity t only ! le>n$ c see x7 has be5 quasi-complet$1 & ,humanity is expect$ to walk solemnly =? 9 its new g>m5t = all ! _w to admire--z 9 ,&]ss5's /ory ( ! ,emp]or's ,new ,clo!s--"s little *ild /&+ on a door-/ep w cry out3 ,b he has got no?+ on at all1 & amid "s confusion x w be se5 t ! *ild is "r4 ,,note ,i fe> ,i h v imp]fectly succe$$ 9 express+ my /rong conviction t1 be=e a rigor\s logical scrut9y1 ! ,reign ( ,law w prove to be an unv]ifi$ hypo!sis1 ! ,uni=mity ( ,nature an ambigu\s expression1 ! c]ta9ty ( our sci5tific inf]5ces to a great ext5t a delusion4 7,/anley ,jevons1 ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce1 p4 ix47 ,,footnotes3 #ag ,see note1 p4 #aai4 #ah ,s9ce ! above 0 writt5 !re has c]ta9ly be5 a great *ange1 & ! dogmatic confid5ce 9 ! v]ity ( ! sci5tific laws has n[ 7#aibj7 almo/ disappe>$4 #ai ,su* fictions1 h[ev]1 are 7,i ne$ n say7 q necess>y z our only means ( ?9k+ out1 h[ev] imp]fectly1 ! problems be=e u 7#aibj74 #bj ,x is n g5]ally realis$ h[ feeble a =ce gravitation is4 ,x is calculat$ 7,encycl4 ,brit41 ,art4 ,gravitation7 t two masses1 ea* weigh+ #dae1jjj tons1 & plac$ a mile ap>t1 w\ld ex]t on ea* o!r an attractive =ce ( only "o p\nd4 ,if "o1 !re=e1 0 z f> f ! o!r z ! moon is f ! e>?1 _! attraction w\ld only am\nt to #a_/eg1fjj1jjj1jjj? ( a p\nd4 ,?is is a small =ce to gov]n ! movem5t ( a body weigh+ #dae1jjj tons6 & x is easy to see t a slight v>iation 9 ! law ( ! =ce might = a long p]iod pass undetect$1 ?\gh 9 ! c\rse ( hundr$s ( c5turies x might become ( ! greate/ importance4 #ba ,z ano!r in/ance ( ! same ?+1 let me quote a passage f ,maxwell's ,!ory ( ,heat1 p4 #ca2 ! italics are m9e3 ,9 our description ( ! physical prop]ties ( bodies z relat$ to heat we h begun ) solid bodies1 z ^? :i* we c mo/ easily h&le1 & h gone on to liquids1 :i* we c keep 9 op5 vessels1 & h n[ come to gases1 :i* w escape f op5 vessels1 & :i* are g5]ally invisible4 ,?is is ! ord] :i* is mo/ natural 9 our fir/ /udy ( ^! diff]5t /ates4 ,b z soon z we h be5 made famili> ) ! mo/ prom95t features ( ^! diff]5t conditions ( matt] ! mo/ sci5tific c\rse ( /udy is 9 ! rev]se ord]1 beg9n+ ) gases1 on acc\nt ( ! great] simplicity ( _! laws1 !n advanc+ to liquids1 ! m complex laws ( :i* are mu* m imp]fectly kn[n1 & conclud+ ) ! little t has be5 hi!rto discov]$ ab\t ! con/itution ( solid bodies4 ,t is to say t ,sci5ce f9ds x easi] to "w among gases--:i* are invisible & :i* we c "k little ab\t--?an among solids1 :i* we are famili> ) & :i* we c easily h&le6 ,?is seems a /range conclusion1 b x w be f\nd to repres5t a common proc$ure ( ,sci5ce--! tru? probably be+ t ! laws ( gases are n "o :it simpl] ?an ! laws ( liquids & solids1 b t on acc\nt ( our kn[+ s mu* less ab\t gases x is easi] = u to feign laws 9 _! case ?an 9 ! case ( solids1 & less easy = our errors to be detect$4 #bb ,all our ?\ghts1 !ories1 laws1 etc41 may p]haps be said to t\* ,nature--z ! tang5t t\*es ! curve--at a po9t4 ,!y give a direction--& are true--at t po9t4 ,b make ! slighte/ move1 & !y all h to be recon/ruct$4 ,! tang5ts are inf9ite 9 numb]1 b ! curve is "o4 ,?is may n only illu/rate ! relation ( ,nature to ,sci5ce1 b also ( ,art to ! mat]ials x uses4 ,! poet radiates ?\ghts3 b he sets no /ore by !m4 ,he kn[s 8 ?\ghts are n true 9 !mselves1 b !y t\* ! ,tru?4 ,8 l9es are ! envelope ( ! curve :i* is 8 poem4 #bc ,see ! report ( ! jo9t meet+ ( ! ,royal ,society & ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society1 ,novemb] #f1 #aiai1 :5 ,e9/e9's !ory 0 discuss$4 #bd ,x is obvi\s t ! ,e9/e9 !ory1 9 :i* ,"t ent]s z a k9d ( f\r? dim5sion 9 relation to ,space1 removes u at once out ( ! :ole field ( ord9>y sci5tific reason+ & l&s u1 s to speak1 9 a new _w4 ,! nature ( ,space 7or ( ! univ]sal m$ium1 :atev] x is7 9 any region--its possible fundam5tal accel]ations !re1 its curvature or non-,euclidean "*1 & s =?--is suppos$1 accord+ to ?is !ory1 to v>y ) ! am\nt ( matt] 91 or d5sity (1 t region2 & ! movem5ts ( bodies are consequ5tly suppos$ to take on ! *>act]s 7accel]ations1 etc417 :i* we ascribe to ! action ( ,gravitation4 ,gravitation 9 fact 9 any region is ! manife/ation 9 ,"t ( ! attributes ( ! univ]sal ,m$ium 9 t region--:i* latt] aga9 is dep5d5t on ! degree ( ,matt] pres5t4 ,?us1 ,matt]1 ,"t1 & ,space are "o ph5om5on4 ,! :ole ,e9/e9 !ory1 9 fact1 is a device to pres5t ^! ?ree ,protean & v>iable elem5ts ( all mat]ial exi/5ce 7,matt]1 ,"t & ,space7 z s f> involv$ & int]lac$ 9 ea* o!r t !y =m always an absolute & complete unity4 ,z su* ! !ory is no d\bt sugge/ive1 & along ! l9e ( future speculation3 b x awaits corroboration4 ,if corroborat$ x w po9t ! way to a new conception ( ! ,univ]se4 #be ,j4 ,s4 ,mill4 #bf ,see ,/allo's excell5t ,concepts ( ,mod]n ,physics4 #bg ,see1 = in/ance1 ! la/ new ?+ 9 ?is /yle--! ,helmholtz molecule z improv$ ^u by ,sir ,william ,?omson2 x is describ$ z foll[s3 ,a heavy mass connect$ by massless spr+s ) a massless enclos+ %ell2 or !re may be sev]al %ells enclos+ ea* o!r connect$ by spr+s ) a d5se mass 9 ! c5tre 7f> m d5se ?an ! e!r74 ,x is n1 ( c\rse1 s]i\sly ma9ta9$ t ?is nons5sical creation exi/s--b t if x did exi/ x w\ld acc\nt = c]ta9 unexpla9$ ph5om5a 9 ! disp]sion ( light1 etc4 ,lat] /ill 7#aibj7 we h ! foll[+ delightful v]dict on ! ,/ructure ( ! ,atom1 giv5 by ,sir ,erne/ ,ru!r=d--& :i* ,i comm5d to all lov]s ( cle> ?9k+3-- ,! ,bak]ian ,lecture 0 deliv]$ ye/]day be=e ! ,royal ,society by ,sir ,erne/ ,ru!r=d1 ^: subject 0 ',! ,nucle> ,con/ruction ( ! ,atom4' ,he said t dur+ rec5t ye>s mu* att5tion _h be5 paid to ! nature & /ructure ( atoms4 ,! atomic !ory ( matt] _h be5 def9itely prov$4 ,! mass ( ! individual atoms1 & ! numb] 9 any giv5 weight ( matt]1 7 n[ kn[n ) consid]able accuracy4 ,n only 0 matt] kn[n to be made up ( atoms1 b electricity 0 also atomic 9 nature1 & !re 0 a def9ite unit ( electrical *>ge :i* c\ld n fur!r be subdivid$4 ,! negative electron1 :i* 0 a con/itu5t ( all atoms ( matt]1 0 probably no?+ m ?an an isolat$ unit ( negative electricity1 & its small mass 0 electrical 9 orig94 ,x _h long be5 consid]$ probable t ! atom is an electrical /ructure1 consi/+ ( positive & negative p>ticles1 held 9 equilibrium by electric or magnetic =ces4 ,9 rec5t ye>s evid5ce _h accumulat$ t an atom consi/s ( a positively *>g$ nucleus surr\nd$ at a di/ance by a di/ribution ( electrons to make x electrically neutral4 7,f ,! ,morn+ ,po/ ( ,june #d1 #aibj47 #bh ,! v fact alone t ! degrees on a !rmomet] are equal space divisions %[s t !y mu/ be> a v>y+ relation to ! total volume ( liquid z t exp&s f "o end ( ! tube to ! o!r4 #bi ,a /atem5t obvi\sly apply+--f :at has be5 already said--at only "o po9t 9 ! scale4 #cj ,i am n1 ( c\rse1 "h argu+ aga9/ ! use ( !rmomet]s or o!r in/rum5ts = practical purposes4 ,?is is c]ta9ly ! legitimate field ( ,sci5ce4 ,b 7z 9 ! case ( pr$iction be=e m5tion$7 ! exactness ( results obta9$ is a v diff]5t matt] f ! tru? ( ! g5]alities :i* are suppos$ to und]lie ^! results4 ,9 us+ a !rmomet] y ne$ n ev5 m5tion ! ^w temp]ature4 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,future3 ,a ,,=eca/ ,once let t ! human ideal slip out ( ! ?\ght1 & sci5ce is ( no m use ?an ! invocations 9 ! ,egyptian papiri4--,,ri*>d ,,jeff]ies4 ,x w\ld appe> !n1 f ! prec$+ pap]1 t 9 "s s5se a mi/ake has be5 made 9 ! me?od ( mod]n sci5tific "w2 n t ! va/ am\nt ( lab\r exp5d$ 9 x has be5 altoge!r wa/$1 = 9 return = ?is !re is a mass ( practical results & detail$ obs]vations to %[2 b t 9 attempt+ to solve ! problem ( sci5ce by ! intellect alone1 a radical mi/ake has be5 made :i* c\ld only l& u 9 absurdity1 & t ?is mi/ake has = ! "t be+ also vitiat$ ! results t h be5 atta9$4 ,=--9 ref]5ce to ?is la/ po9t--! divorce ( ! intellectual f ! emotional has caus$ a great portion ( our sci5tific obs]vations to become m]ely p$antic & trifl+2 :ile x has turn$ ! practical results--z indu/rial & milit>y ma*9]y1 etc4--into eng9es ( evil z (t5 z into eng9es ( good4 ,sci5ce 9 se>*+ = a p]man5tly valid & purely intellectual repres5tation ( ! univ]se has1 z already said1 be5 se>*+ = a ?+ :i* does n exi/4 ,! v facts ( ,nature1 z we call !m1 are at lea/ half feel+4 ,if we try to clean ! feel+ out ( a fact & to produce a /atem5t :i* %all be devoid ( ! human or s5se elem5t1 x simply am\nts to clean+ ! mean+ out2 & ?\gh our result+ /atem5t may be exact x is nugatory & ( no value4 ,we might z well try to take ! clay out ( a brick4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ! logical processes--important z !y are--_c /& by !mselves1 h no /&+ gr\nd ( _! own4 ,!y presuppose assumptions & are ! expression ( ?+s t are unreason+1 p]haps illogical4 ,! /ricte/ logic is a m]e hook+ toge!r ( l9ks 9 a *a91 & ! la/ l9k is ( no use--y c put no /ress on x--unless ! fir/ is secur$ some:]e4 ,! /r5g? ( ! intellectual *a9 is no great] ?an t ( ! /aple f :i* x hangs--& t is a human feel+ ,! /r5g? ( ,euclid is no great] ?an t ( ! axioms--& !y are feel+s2 !y are unreason+ /atem5ts ( :i* all t we c say is1 ,i feel l t4 ,9 fact all ! propositions ( ,geometry are no?+ b ! analysis & elaborate expression1 s to speak1 ( ^! prim>y convictions--& ! ,geometry-/ructure /&s & falls ) !m4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z intellectual tru?--t is1 ,i mean1 a tru? :i* c be /at$ z exi/+ ap>t f feel+4 ,if1 = in/ance1 a proposition 9 ,geometry c be really %[n to be bas$ on ! axioms1 x is true1 n intellectually or absolutely1 b z an expression ( my prim>y ,geometrical s5se2 & if my giv+ a few p5ce to a cross+ sweep] is bas$ n on a m]e impression ( duty1 or an anxiety to appe> *>itable1 or wi% to escape 8 importunity1 b on g5u9e reg>d = ! man1 !n x is true1 n 9 any absolute signification1 b j z an expression ( :at x pr(esses to repres5t--namely my prim>y s5se ( humanity4 ,inde$ ! true/ tru? is t :i* is ! expression ( ! deepe/ feel+1 & if !re is an absolute tru? x c only be kn[n & express$ by him :o has ! absolute feel+ or ,be+ )9 himself4 ,?is be+ s--& ! nature ( ! intellectual processes be+1 l ! l9ks 9 a *a91 transitional--x becomes obvi\s t ! intellectual results may figure z a means b nev] z an end 9 !mselves4 ,to hang any weight ( reliance on !m 9 ! latt] s5se is l ! ,*9ese ,trick--describ$ by ,m>co ,polo--( ?r[+ a rope's end up 9 ! air & !n climb+ up ! rope4 ,h5ce x appe>s t our sci5tific !ories are p]fectly legitimate1 z long z !y are =m$ z a means t[>ds practical applications4 ,9 t s5se !y are transitional2 !y are =m$1 n z sub/antial tru?s1 b m]ely z l9ks 9 a *a9 t[>ds "s def9ite practical result4 ,= ?is purpose we may =m :atev] !ories are conv5i5t3 if we are calculat+ ! /r5g? ( bridges1 we may adopt :at g5]alisations we l conc]n+ me*anical /ructure1 z long z !y give u actual & practical results2 if we are pr$ict+ eclipses1 we may make use ( any !ory t w d4 ,! !ory does n matt]1 z long z x hauls ! practical result aft] x1 j z x does n matt] :e!r y\r cable is ( iron or hemp or silk1 z long z y c get y\r %ip into dock ) x4 ,9 ?is s5se our ,mod]n ,sci5ce is1 ,i conceive1 admirable4 ,= practical results & brief pr$ictions x af=ds a quantity ( useful g5]alisations--%or?& notes & conv5tional symbols & pocket summ>ies ( ph5om5a--:i* be> ab\t ! same relation to ! actual _w t a map does to ! c\ntry x is suppos$ to repres5t4 ,x _c be said to h any resemblance to ! real ?+--b1 :5 y und]/& ! pr9ciple on :i* x is =m$1 x is exce$+ly useful = f9d+ y\r way ab\t4 ,z long z ,sci5ce !re=e keeps ! practical end 9 view1 & />t+ f s5se seeks to return to s5se aga91 its int]m$iate !oris+ is p]fectly legitimate2 b ! mom5t x cr$its its !ory ) a positive & au?oritative exi/5ce1 z an actual repres5tation ( facts--& endeav\rs to pass by means ( x into unv]ifiable & ab/ract regions1 z ( invisible g]ms or atoms1 or f> di/ances ( space1 or ! remote pa/ or future--x is simply ?r[+ its rope's end into ! sky & try+ to climb up6 ,t ! wi% is fa!r to ! ?\ght is 9 its wide s5se pr(\ndly true4 ,9 ! individual1 feel+ prec$es ?9k+--z ! body prec$es ! clo!s4 ,9 hi/ory1 ! ,r\sseau prec$es ! ,voltaire4 ,!re is1 ,i believe1 a physiological p>allel2 = beh9d ! bra9 & det]m9+ its action /&s ! great sympa!tic n]ve--! organ ( ! emotions4 ,9 fact "h ! bra9 appe>s z di/9ctly transitional4 ,x /&s betwe5 ! n]ves ( s5se on ! "o h& & ! great sympa!tic on ! o!r4 ,*ange ! feel+ 9 an individual1 & 8 :ole me?od ( ?9k+ w be revolutionis$2 *ange ! axiom or prim>y s5sation 9 a sci5ce1 & ! :ole /ructure w h to be re-creat$4 ,! curr5t ,political ,economy is f\nd$ on ! axiom ( individual gre$2 b let a new axiomatic emotion spr+ up 7z ( ju/ice or fair play in/ead ( unlimit$ grab71 & ! base ( ! sci5ce w be alt]$1 & w necessitate a new con/ruction4 ,s :5 p argue 7on politics1 morality1 art1 etc47 x w g5]ally be f\nd t !y diff] at ! base2 !y g out1 p]haps q unconsci\sly1 f diff]5t axioms & h5ce !y _c agree4 ,occasionally ( c\rse a /rict exam9ation w %[ t1 :ile agree+ at ! base1 "o ( !m has made a false /ep 9 d$uction2 9 t case 8 ?\ght does n repres5t 8 prim>y feel+1 & :5 ?is is po9t$ out he is =c$ to alt] x4 ,b m (t5 x is f\nd t ! diff]5ce lies deep d[n at a po9t beyond ! rea* ( reason2 & !y disagree to ! end4 ,9 ?is case nei!r is "r & nei!r is wrong4 ,!y simply feel diff]5tly2 !y are diff]5t p]sons4 ,! ,?\ght !n is ! expression1 ! outgr[?1 ! cov]+ ( und]ly+ ,feel+4 ,& 9 ! great life ( ,man z a :ole1 z 9 ! less] life ( ! individual1 8 cont9ual new bir? & inw>d gr[? causes 8 ?\ght-sy/ems also cont9ually to *ange & be replac$ by new ones4 ,l ! bud-%ea?s & husks 9 a gr[+ plant or tree !y give =m = a "t to ! life )92 !n !y fall (f & are replac$4 ,! husk prep>es ! bud und]nea?1 :i* is to ?r[ x (f4 ,! ?\ght prep>es & protects ! feel+ und]nea?1 :i* gr[+ w inevitably reject x2 & :5 a ?\ght has be5 =m$ x is already false1 i4e41 ready to fall4 ,we are n[1 !n1 9 a position to come back to ! "q ( a g5u9e ,sci5ce1 truly s-call$4 ,z !re is no inv>iable & absolute datum on ! fr+e ( ,humanity--no def9able fly+ atom on :i* we c f\nd our reason+s--& z ,mod]n ,sci5ce1 consid]$ z an actual repres5tation ( ! univ]se1 falls mis]ably to pieces 9 consequ5ce--is x possible t we h made a mi/ake 9 ! direction 9 :i* we h s\ght = our datum2 & may x be t we %\ld look = t 9 ! v ,c5tre ( ,humanity in/ead ( 9 its remote/ circumf]5ce8 ,9 t direction evid5tly1 if we c\ld p5etrate1 we %\ld expect to f9d1 n a %ad[y intellectual g5]alisation1 b ! v opposite ( t--an int5se immutable feel+ or /ate1 an axiomatic condition ( ,be+4 ,is x possible t "h1 blaz+ l a sun 7if we c\ld only see x--& ! sun is its allegory 9 ! physical _w71 !re exi/s )9 u absolutely su* a ?+--! "o fact 9 ! univ]se1 ( :i* all else are %ad[s1 to :i* ev]y?+ has relation1 & r\nd :i*1 itself unanalysable1 all ?\ght circles & all ph5om5a /& z indirect modes ( expression8 ,is x possible8 ,t is ! "q--! "q :i* ea* "o ( u has to solve4 ,at any rate1 let u ?r[ ?is out z a sugge/ion4 ,let u sugge/ t z we h got no?+ satisfactory by clean+ ! s5se-elem5t out ( ph5om5a1 we %\ld take ! opposite c\rse & put z mu* s5se into !m z we c6 ,facts are1 at lea/1 half feel+s4 ,let u ackn[l$ge ?is & n empty ! feel+ out ( !m1 b deep5 & enl>ge t :i* we already h 9 !m4 ,:o kn[s :e!r we h ev] se5 ! blue sky8 ,:o kn[s :e!r we h ev] se5 ea* o!r8 ,is x n a commonplace to say t "o man sees 9 ! common objects ( ,nature :at ano!r is :olly unconsci\s (8 ,! primrose on ! riv]'s brim a yell[ primrose is to him--& no?+ m4 ,to :at ext5t may ! facts ( ,nature ?us be deep5$ & made m sub/antial to u--& :i!r w ?is process lead u8 ,d we n want to feel m1 n less1 9 ! pres5ce ( ph5om5a--to ent] into a liv+ relation ) ! blue sky1 & ! inc5se-lad5 air1 & ! plants & ! animals--nay1 ev5 ) poison\s & hurtful ?+s to h a ke5] s5se ( _! hurtfulness8 ,is x n a /range k9d ( sci5ce1 t :i* wakes ! m9d to pursue ! %ad[s ( ?+s1 b dulls ! s5ses to ! reality ( !m--:i* causes a man to try to bottle ! pure atmosph]e ( heav5 & !n to %ut himself 9 a gas-reek+1 ill-v5tilat$ laboratory :ile he analyses x2 or all[s him to vivisect a dog1 unconsci\s t he is blasphem+ ! pure & holy relation betwe5 man & ! animals 9 do+ s8 ,surely ! man ( ,sci5ce 79 its high] s5se1 t is7 %\ld be lynx-ey$ z an ,indian1 ke5-sc5t$ z a h\nd--) all s5ses & feel+s tra9$ by con/ant use & a pure & heal?y life 9 close contact ) ,nature1 & ) a he>t beat+ 9 sympa?y ) e creature4 ,su* a man w\ld h at comm&1 s to speak1 ! keybo>d ( ! univ]se2 b ! me*anical1 unheal?y1 indoor-liv+ /ud5t--is he n really ignorant ( ! facts8--,c]ta9ly1 s9ce he has n felt !m1 he is4 ,! process ( ! true ,sci5ce consi/s fir/ 9 ! nam+ & def9+ ( ph5om5a 7i4e41 ! facts ( human consci\sness71 & secondly1 9 ! discov]y ( ! true relation ( ^! ph5om5a to ea* o!r2 & s9ce ! def9itions ( ph5om5a & _! relations keep v>y+ ) ! /&po9t ( ! obs]v]1 ! process evid5tly involves all exp]i5ce1 & ultimately ! discov]y ( t la/ fact ( exp]i5ce to :i* & ?r\gh :i* all ! o!r facts are relat$4 ,x is !re=e an age-long process1 & has to d ) ! emotional & moral "p ( man z well z ) ! logical & intellectual4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! discov]y ( ! nature ( ,man himself1 & ( ! true ord] ( 8 be+4 ,mod]n ,sci5ce--?\gh seek+ = a unity 9 ,nature--fails to f9d x1 because1 f ! nature ( ! case1 any l>ge body ( k 9 :i* all p w agree is limit$ to c]ta9 small regions ( human exp]i5ce--regions 9 :i* v likely no unity is discov]able4 ,x takes ! em]ald1 & breaks x up2 treats ( its col\r & light-refract+ qualities on ! "o h&2 ( its cry/all9e /ructure & h>dness on ! o!r2 ( its weight & d5sity2 & ( its *emical prop]ties2 all sep>ately1 & produc+ long /r+s ( g5]alisation f ea* aspect ( ! subject4 ,b h[ all ^! qualities are conjo9$ toge!r1 :at _! relation is :i* con/itutes ! em]ald--yea1 ev5 ! smalle/ bit ( em]ald du/--x 7wisely7 does n attempt to say4 ,x takes ! man & dissects him2 treats ( 8 blood1 8 n]ves1 8 bones1 8 bra92 ( 8 s5ses ( sight1 ( t\*1 ( he>+2 b ( t :i* b9ds ^! toge!r into a unity1 ( _! true relation to ea* o!r 9 ! man1 x is sil5t4 ,yet ! man kn[s ( himself t he is a unity2 he kn[s t all p>ts ( 8 body h relation to him1 & to ea* o!r2 he kn[s t 8 s5ses ( sight & he>+ & t\* & ta/e & smell are conjo9$ 9 ! focus ( 8 individual life1 9 8 ,i am2 he kn[s t all 8 faculties & p[]s1 h[ev] mu* !y may belong to diff]5t planes1 spiritual or mat]ial1 or may come "u ! inquisition ( diff]5t ,sci5ces1 h an ord] ( _! own among ea* o!r--t !re is an ultimate ,sci5ce ( !m--ev5 ?\gh he be n yet :olly v]s$ 9 x4 ,& he kn[s1 moreov]1 t 9 a gra9 ( du/1 or 9 an em]ald1 or 9 an orange1 or 9 any object ( ,nature1 ! diff]5t attributes ( ! object--:i* ! ,sci5ces ?us treat ( sep>ately--are only ! reflexion ( 8 diff]5t s5ses2 s t ! problem ( ! conjunction ( diff]5t attributes 9 a body comes back to ! same problem ( ! union ( v>i\s s5ses & p[]s 9 himself--ea* individual object be+ only a case1 ext]nalis$ z x 71 & made a matt] ( consci\sness1 ( ! g5]al relation to ea* o!r ( 8 own s5sations & feel+s4 ,kn[+ all 8--,i say--he sees t ! und]/&+ ( ,nature 9 g5]al & ( ! laws or relations :i* he ?9ks he p]ceives among ext]nal ?+s mu/ always dep5d on ! relations & laws :i* he tacitly assumes1 or :i* he is directly consci\s (1 z exi/+ betwe5 ! v>i\s p>ts ( 8 own be+2 & t ! ultimate tru? :i* ,sci5ce--! div9e ,sci5ce--is really 9 se>* ( is a moral or psy*ologic ,tru?--an und]/&+ ( :at man is1 & ! discov]y ( ! true relation to ea* o!r ( all 8 faculties--involv+ all exp]i5ce1 & an ex]cise ( e faculty physical1 intellectual1 emotional & spiritual1 in/ead ( "o set ( faculties only4 ,n till we "k ! law ( ourselves1 9 fact1 %all we "k ! law ( ! em]ald & ! orange1 or ( ,nature g5]ally2 & ! law ( ourselves is n le>nt1 except subord9ately1 by intellectual inve/igation2 x is ma9ly le>nt by life4 ,! relation ( gravity to vitality is le>nt n s mu* by out] exp]im5t 9 a laboratory z by long exp]i5ce )9 ourselves f ! day :5 z infants we _c lift ourselves above ! floor1 ?r\gh ! ye>s ( ! pr\d /r5g? ( manhood scal+ ! l(tie/ m\nta9s1 to ! h\r :5 our dis5gag$ spirits f9ally ov]come & pass beyond ! attraction ( ! e>?2 & j z ! s5se ( weight--:i* fir/ appe>s z a q ext]nal s5sation--is ?us at la/ f\nd to /& 9 mo/ pregnant relation ) our deepe/ selves1 s ( ! o!r s5ses :i* fe$ ! individual life--! s5ses ( light1 ( w>m?1 ( ta/e1 ( s\nd1 ( smell4 ,ta/e1 :i* beg9s z x 7 on ! tip ( ! tongue1 becomes ultimately1 if normally develop$1 a s5se :i* id5tifies itself ) ! heal? & well-be+ ( ! :ole body2 ! pleasure ( ta/e becomes va/ly m ?an a m]e surface pleasure1 & its discrim9ation ( food m ?an a m]e reg>d = ! nutrition ( ! ord9>y corporeal functions4 ,! s5se ( ,light1 :i* beg9s 9 ! mat]ial eye1 gr[s & deep5s inw>dly till ! consci\sness ( x p]vades ! :ole body & m9d ) a k9d ( inw>d illum9ation or div9e ,reason1 %[+ ! places ( all ?+s & enfold+ ! s5se ( beauty 9 itself4 ,! s5se ( ,w>m? 9 ! same mann] is relat$ to & leads up to ,love2 & ,s\nd1 9 ! voices ( our fri5ds or ! div9e *ords ( music1 has pass$ away f be+ an ext]nal ph5om5on & has e/abli%$ itself z ! language ( our mo/ t5d] & intimate emotions4 ,all ! s5ses ?us1 z !y develop & deep51 are f\nd to unite 9 ! v focus ( individual life4 ,sl[ly1 & ?r\gh long exp]i5ce1 _! relation to ea* o!r1 _! v mean+ unfolds1 or w unfold2 & z ?is process takes place ! man kn[s himself "o1 a unity1 ( :i* ! v>i\s faculties are ! diff]5t manife/ations4 ,!n fur!r ?r\gh 8 less localis$ feel+s or m glorifi$ s5ses ! individual f9ds 8 relation to o!r individuals4 ,?r\gh 8 loves & hatr$s1 ?r\gh 8 s5ses ( attraction1 repulsion1 cohesion1 solid>ity1 ord]1 ju/ice1 *>ity1 "r1 wrong & ! re/--^! feel+s1 ea* l ! o!rs deep5+ back m & m z "t goes on--he gradually discov]s 8 true & abid+ relation%ip to o!r individuals1 & to ! div9e society ( :i* !y all =m a "p--& s at la/1 if we may v5ture to say s1 8 relation%ip to ! absolute & univ]sal4 ,at pres5t1 s9ce our mo/ important relation to ea* o!r is conceiv$ ( z "o ( rivalry & ,competition1 we ( c\rse ?9k ( ! objects ( ,nature z be+ *iefly engag$ 9 a ,/ruggle = ,exi/5ce ) ea* o!r2 b :5 we become aw>e ( all our s5ses & feel+s1 & ( ourselves z individuals1 z hav+ relation to ! ,absolute & univ]sal1 proce$+ f x1 z ! bran*es & twigs ( a tree f ! trunk--!n we %all become aw>e ( a ,div9e or absolute sci5ce 9 ,nature2 we %all at la/ und]/& t all objects h a p]man5t & indissoluble relation to ea* o!r1 & %all see _! true mean+--?\gh n till !n4 ,is x possible !n t ,sci5ce1 hav+ hi!rto--& we %all see 9 "t t ?is process has be5 really mo/ valuable & important--gone outw>ds f ! c5tre t[>ds ! v fr+e ( ,humanity--empty+ facts z f> z possible z x w5t ( all feel+1 & r$uc+ itself at la/ to ! mo/ %ad[y g5]alisations on ! v v]ge ( s5se & nons5se--is x possible1 ,i say1 t x w n[ return1 & fir/ fill+ up facts ) feel+ z f> z practicable 7t is1 by direct & ! mo/ liv+ contact ) ,nature 9 e =m1 le>n+ to ent] into direct p]sonal s5se-relation%ip ) e ph5om5on & phase71 w s gradually asc5d to ! great c5tral fact & feel+1 & !n at la/ & = ! fir/ "t become fully consci\s ( a va/ organisation--absolutely p]fect & intimately knit f its c5tre to its utmo/ circumf]5ce--7! true cosmos ( ,man--! conceptions ( man & god comb9$7--exi/+ in*oate or embryonic 9 e individual man1 animal1 plant1 or o!r creature--! object ( all life1 exp]i5ce1 suff]+1 & toil--! gr\nd ( all s5sation1 & ! hidd51 yet prop]1 !me ( all ?\ght & /udy8 ,= ?is is x possible t ,sci5ce w1 speak+ broadly1 h to leave ! laboratory & become "o ) ,life2 or t ! great curr5ts ( human life w h to be turn$ on into ^! (t5 ,augean /ables ( intellectual pruri5cy8--! inve/igation ( ,nature no long] a matt] ( ! intellect alone1 b ( pati5t li/5+ & ! quiet eye1 & ( love & fai?1 & ( all deep human exp]i5ce1 be>+ n sup]cili\sly its weight t[>ds ! int]pretation ( ! lea/ ph5om5on--e fact ?us deep5$ to its utmo/--all exp]i5ce 7r ?an exp]im5t7 c\rt$1 & filial walk+ ) ,nature1 r ?an te>+ ( veils aside--! life ( ! op5 air1 & on ! l& & ! wat]s1 ! companion%ip ( ! animals & ! trees & ! />s1 ! k ( _! habits at fir/ h& & ?r\gh individual relation%ip to !m1 ! recognition ( _! voices & languages1 & li/5+ well :at !y !mselves h to say2 ! ke5e/ education ( ! s5ses t[>ds ! physical p[]s & elem5ts1 & ! acceptance ( all human exp]i5ce1 )\t exception--till ,sci5ce become a reality4 ,is x possible t 9 "s s5se1 in/ead ( r$uc+ ea* bran* ( ,sci5ce to its l[e/ t]ms1 we %all h to read x 9 ! light ( its highe/ factors1 & take x up into ! ,sci5ce above--t we %all h to take up ! me*anical sci5ces into ! physical1 ! physical into ! vital1 ! vital into ! social & e?ical1 & s =?1 be=e we c und]/& !m8 ,is x possible t ! ph5om5a ( ,*emi/ry only f9d _! due place & importance 9 _! relation to liv+ be+s & processes2 t ! ph5om5a ( vitality & ! laws ( ,biology & ,zoology--,evolution includ$--c only be expla9$ by _! dep5d5ce on self-hood--bo? 9 plants & animals2 t ,political ,economy & ! ,social ,sci5ces 7:i* deal ) m5 z individual selves7 mu/1 to be und]/ood aright1 be /udi$ 9 ! light ( ^? great e?ical pr9ciples & en?usiasms1 :i* to a c]ta9 ext5t ov]ride ! individual self2 & t1 f9ally1 ,e?ics or ! /udy ( moral problems is only compreh5sible :5 ! /ud5t has become aw>e ( a region beyond ,e?ics1 into :i* que/ions ( morality & immorality1 ( "r & wrong1 d n & _c ent]8 ,( ?is rev]sal ( ! ord9>y sci5tific me?od ,rusk9 has giv5 a great & signal in/ance 9 8 treatm5t ( ,political ,economy2 x rema9s1 p]haps1 = o!rs to foll[ 8 example 9 ! o!r bran*es ( ,sci5ce4#ca ,) reg>d to ! absolute datum "q we h se5 t ,sci5ce has two alt]natives be=e x--ei!r to be m]ely intellectual & to seek = its />t-po9t 9 "s q ext]nal 7& imag9>y7 ?+ l ! ,atom1 or to be div9e & to seek = its absolute 9 ! inn]mo/ recesses ( humanity4 ,we h two simil> alt]natives 9 ! doctr9e ( ,evolution1 :i* looks ei!r to "o end ( ! scale or ! o!r = its int]pretation--ei!r to ! amoeba or to ! man--to some?+ x kn[s next to no?+ (1 or to t :i* x kn[s mo/ (4 ,goe!1 :5 gaz+ at a fan-palm at ,padua1 conceiv$ ! idea ( leaf-metamorphosis1 :i* he aft]w>ds enunciat$ 9 ! n[ accept$ doctr9e t all p>ts ( a plant--se$-vessel1 pi/il1 /am5s1 petals1 sepals1 /alk1 etc4--may be reg>d$ z modifications ( a leaf or leaves4 ,9 ?is view ! di/9ctions betwe5 ! p>ts are effac$1 & we h only "o "p in/ead ( _m--b ! "q is :at is t "p8 ,x is ( c\rse arbitr>y to call x a leaf1 = s9ce x is cont9ually v>y+ x is at "o "t a leaf1 & at ano!r a /alk1 & !n a petal or a sepal1 & s =?4 ,:at !n is x8 ,= ! mom5t we are baffl$4 ,s ) ! doctr9e ( ,evolution z appli$ to ! :ole organic k+dom up to man4 ,l ! doctr9e ( leaf-metamorphosis x oblit]ates di/9ctions4 ,ge(froy ,/4 ,hilaire propos$ to %[ ! ,fr5* ,academy t a ,cephalopod c\ld be assimilat$ to a ,v]tebrate by suppos+ ! latt] b5t backw>ds & walk+ on its h&s & feet4 ,!re is a cont9u\s v>iation f ! mollusc to ! man--all ! l9es ( di/9ction run & wav]--classes & species cease to exi/--& ,sci5ce1 in/ead ( _m1 sees only "o ?+4 ,:at !n is t "o ?+8 ,is x a mollusc1 or is x a man1 or :at is x8 ,are we to say t man may be look$ ^u z a v>iation ( a mollusc or an amoeba1 or t ! amoeba may be look$ on z a v>iation ( man8 ,"h are two directions ( ?\ght2 :i* %all we *oose8 ,b ! pla9 tru? is1 ! ,intellect c give no satisfactory answ]4 ,:i*ev]1 or :atev]1 x *ooses1 ! *oice is q arbitr>y--j z mu* s z ! *oice ( ! leaf 9 ! o!r case4 ,!re is no answ] to be giv54 ,& ?us x is t ! appe>ance ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution is ! signal ( ! de/ruction ( ,sci5ce 79 ! ord9>y acceptation ( ! ^w74 ,= ,evolution is ! successive oblit]ation ( ! arbitr>y di/9ctions & l&m>ks :i* by _! exi/5ce con/itute ,sci5ce1 & z soon z ,evolution cov]s ! :ole gr\nd ( ,nature inorganic & organic 7z be=e long x w d7--! :ole ( ,nature runs & wav]s be=e ! eye ( ,sci5ce1 ! latt] recognises t its di/9ctions are arbitr>y1 & turns ^u & de/roys itself4 ,?is has happ5$ be=e1 ,i believe--ages back 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human race--& probably w happ5 aga94 ,! only conceivable answ] to ! "q1 ,:at is t :i* is n[ a mollusc & n[ a man & n[ an inorganic atom8#cb is giv5 by man himself--& 8 answ] is1 ,i fe>1 n sci5tific4 ,x is ,i ,am4 ,i am t :i* v>ies4 ,& ! =ce ( 8 answ] dep5ds on :at he means by ! ^w ,i4 ,& s also ! only conceivable answ] to ! absolute datum "q is to be f\nd 9 ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,i--9 ! deep5+ back ( consci\sness itself4 ,man is ! measure ( all ?+s4 ,if we are to use ,sci5ce z a m9i/] to ! mo/ ext]nal "p ( man--to provide him ) *eap boots & %oes1 etc4--!n we d "r to seek our absolute datum 9 8 ext]nal "p1 & to take 8 foot z our fir/ measure4 ,we f\nd a sci5ce on feet & p\nds1 & x s]ves its purpose well en\gh4 ,b if we want to f9d a g>m5t = 8 inn] be+--or1 r1 "o t %all fit ! :ole man--to we> :i* w be a delight to him &1 z x 71 a v int]pretation ( himself--x seems obvi\s t we mu/ n take our measure f outside1 b f 8 v mo/ c5tral pr9ciple4 ,! :ole "q is1 :e!r !re is any absolute datum 9 ?is direction or n4 ,!re h be5 m5 ?r\gh all ages ( hi/ory 7& f be=e7 :o h decl>$ t !re is4 ,!y h p]haps be5 consci\s ( x 9 !mselves4 ,on ! o!r h& !re h be5 m5 :o1 />t+ f _! feet1 decl>$ t consci\sness itself 0 a m]e incid5t ( ! human ma*9e--z ! :i/le ( ! eng9e--& ?us ! matt] /&s4 ,on ! :ole1 at ! pres5t day1 ! feet h x1 & 7not)/&+ _! v>iety 9 size & boot-induc$ con=mation7 are g5]ally accept$ z ! be/ absolute datum available4 ,"u ! foot rgime ! univ]se is g5]ally conceiv$ ( z a m$ley ( objects & =ces1 m or less ord]ly & di/9ct f man1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* man is plac$--! purpose & t5d5cy ( 8 life be+ adaptation to 8 environm5t4 ,to und]/& ?is we may imag9e ,mrs4 ,br[n 9 ! middle ( ,ox=d ,/reet4 ',buses & cabs are runn+ 9 diff]5t directions1 c>ts & drays are rattl+ on all sides ( h]4 ,?is is h] environm5t1 & %e has to adapt h]self to x4 ,%e has to le>n ! laws ( ! vehicles & _! movem5ts1 to /& on ?is side or on t1 to run "h & /op !re1 conceivably to jump into "o at a fav\rable mom5t1 to make use ( ! law ( its movem5t1 & s get c>ri$ to h] de/9ation z com=tably z may be4 ,a long c\rse ( ?is sort ( ?+ adapts ,mrs4 ,br[n consid]ably1 & %e becomes m active1 bo? 9 m9d & body1 ?an be=e4 ,t is all v well4 ,b ,mrs4 ,br[n has a de/9ation4 7,inde$ h[ w\ld %e ev] h got into ! middle ( ,ox=d ,/reet at all1 if %e _h n _h "o8 & if %e did get !re ) no de/9ation at all1 b m]ely to skip ab\t1 w\ld !re be any ,mrs4 ,br[n left 9 a %ort "t87 ,! "q is1 ,:at is ! de/9ation ( ,man8 ,ab\t ?is la/ "q un=tunately we he> little4 ,! !ory is 7,i hope ,i am n do+ x inju/ice7 t by /udy+ y\r environm5t suffici5tly y w f9d out--t is1 t by inve/igat+ ,a/ronomy1 ,biology1 ,physics1 ,e?ics1 etc41 y w discov] ! de/9y ( man4 ,b ?is seems to me ! same z say+ t by /udy+ ! laws ( cabs & 'buses suffici5tly y w f9d out :]e y are go+ to4 ,^! are ways & means4 ,/udy !m by all means1 t is "r en\gh2 b d n ?9k !y w tell y :]e to g4 ,y h to use !m1 n !y y4 ,9 ord] !re=e = ! environm5t to act1 !re mu/ be a de/9ation4 ,?is ,i suppose is express$ 9 ! biological dictum1 organism is made by function z well z environm5t4 ,:at !n is ! function ( ,man8 ,& "h we come back aga9 to ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,i4 ,no?)/&+ !n ! preval5ce ( ! foot rgime1 & t ! hea!n s furi\sly rage toge!r 9 _! belief 9 x1 let u sugge/ t !re is 9 man a div9e consci\sness z well z a foot-consci\sness4 ,=1 z we saw t ! s5se ( ta/e may pass f be+ a m]e local ?+ on ! tip ( ! tongue to p]vad+ & becom+ synonym\s ) ! heal? ( ! :ole body2 or z ! blue ( ! sky may be to "o p]son a m]e sup]ficial impression ( col\r1 & to ano!r ! inspiration ( a poem or picture1 & to a ?ird--z to ! god-intoxicat$ ,arab ( ! des]t--a liv+ pres5ce l ! anci5t ,dyaus or ,zeus2 s may n ! :ole ( human consci\sness gradually lift itself f a m]e local & tempor>y consci\sness to a div9e & univ]sal8 ,!re is 9 e man a local consci\sness connect$ ) 8 q ext]nal body2 t we "k4 ,are !re n also 9 e man ! mak+s ( a univ]sal consci\sness8 ,t !re are 9 u phases ( consci\sness :i* transc5d ! limit ( ! bodily s5ses1 is a matt] ( daily exp]i5ce2 t we p]ceive & "k ?+s :i* are n convey$ to u by our bodily eyes or he>d by our bodily e>s1 is c]ta92 t !re rise 9 u waves ( consci\sness f ^? ar\nd u1 f ! p1 ! race1 to :i* we belong1 is also c]ta92 may !re n !n be 9 u ! mak+s ( a p]ception & k :i* %all n be relative to ?is body :i* is "h & n[1 b :i* %all be good = all "t & ev]y:]e8 ,does !re n exi/1 9 tru?1 z we h already h9t$--an inn] ,illum9ation--( :i* :at we call light 9 ! out] _w is ! p>tial expression & manife/ation--by :i* we c ultimately see ?+s1 z !y are1 behold+ all creation1 ! animals1 ! angels1 ! plants1 ! figures ( our fri5ds & all ! ranks & races ( human k9d1 9 _! true be+ & ord]--n by any local act ( p]ception b by a cosmical intuition & pres5ce1 id5tify+ ourselves ) :at we see8 ,does !re n exi/ a p]fect$ s5se ( ,he>+--z ( ! morn+-/>s s++ toge!r--an und]/&+ ( ! words t are spok5 all ?r\gh ! univ]se1 ! hidd5 mean+ ( all ?+s1 ! ^w :i* is creation itself--a pr(\nd & f> p]vad+ s5se1 ( :i* our ord9>y s5se ( s\nd is only ! fir/ novitiate & initiation8 ,d we n become aw>e ( an inn] s5se ( ,heal? & ( ,hol9ess--! translation & f9al outcome ( ! ext]nal s5se ( ta/e--:i* has p[] to det]m9e = u absolutely & )\t any ado1 )\t argum5t & )\t d5ial1 :at is good & appropriate to be done or suff]$ 9 e case t c arise8 ,& s on2 x is n necess>y to say m4 ,if !re are su* p[]s 9 man1 !n !re is inde$ an exact sci5ce possible4 ,%ort ( x !re is only a tempor>y & phantom sci5ce4 ,:atev] is kn[n to u by 7direct7 consci\sness1 says ,/u>t ,mill 9 8 ,sy/em ( ,logic1 is kn[n to u beyond possibility ( "q2 :at is kn[n by our local & tempor>y consci\sness is kn[n = ! mom5t beyond possibility ( "q2 :at is kn[n by our p]man5t & univ]sal consci\sness is p]man5tly kn[n beyond possibility ( "q4#cc ,,footnotes3 #ca ,?us ! /udy ( ,geometry w\ld be prim>ily an education ( ! eye1 & ! m9d's eye1 to ! p]ception ( geometrical =ms & facts1 ! judgm5t ( angles1 etc4--& second>ily only a process ( d$uctive reason+--a body ( empirical k /r5g!n$ & ti$ toge!r by b&s ( logic2 ! /udy ( ,natural ,hi/ory w\ld be prim>ily an affectionate intimacy ) ! habits ( animals & plants1 & classification w\ld be treat$ z a second>y matt] & z a help to ! =m]2 ,physiology w\ld be /udi$ 9 ! fir/ place by ! me?od ( ,heal?--! pure body--becom+ gradually transp>5t ) all its organs to ! eye ( ! m9d--& dissection w\ld be us$ to corroborate & correct ! results ?us atta9$2 & s on4 #cb ,comp>e ! ,sph9x-riddle3 ,:at is t :i* goes on f\r legs1 etc4 #cc ,see = cont9uation ( ?is subject ! *apt] on ,a ,rational & ,humane ,sci5ce1 p4 #bai infra4 ,,def5ce ,,( ,,crim9als3 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,morality ,! ,/ate is ! actually exi/+ realis$ moral life4 ,= x is ! unity ( ! univ]sal ess5tial ,w ) t ( ! individual1 & ?is is ,morality4--,,hegel4 ,a crim9al is lit]ally a p]son accus$--accus$1 & 9 ! mod]n s5se ( ! ^w convict$1 ( be+ h>mful to ,society4 ,b is he !re 9 ! dock1 ! pat*-coat$ brawl] or burgl>1 really h>mful to ,society8 is he m h>mful ?an ! mild old g5tleman 9 ! wig :o pron\nces s5t5ce ^u him8 ,t is ! "q4 ,c]ta9ly he has infr+$ ! law3 & ! law is 9 a s5se ! consolidat$ public op9ion ( ,society3 b if no "o 7 to break ! law1 public op9ion w\ld ossify1 & ,society w\ld die4 ,z a matt] ( fact ,society keeps *ang+ its op9ion4 ,h[ !n are we to "k :5 x is "r & :5 x is wrong8 ,! ,outca/ ( "o age is ! ,h]o ( ano!r4 ,9 execration !y nail$ ,rog] ,bacon's manuscripts out 9 ! sun & ra91 to rot crucifi$ ^u planks--8 bones lie 9 an unkn[n & unhon\r$ grave--yet to-day he is reg>d$ z a pione] ( human ?\ght4 ,! hat$ ,*ri/ian hold+ 8 ill-fam$ love-fea/s 9 ! d>kness ( ! catacombs has climb$ up to ! ?rone ( ,s4 ,pet] & ! _w4 ,! ,jew moneyl5d] :om ,front-de-,boeuf c\ld torture ) impunity is become a ,ro?s*ild--gue/ ( pr9ces & in/igator ( comm]cial w>s2 & ,%ylock is n[ a highly respectable ,railway ,bondhold]4 ,& ! ,accept$ ( "o age is ! ,crim9al ( ! next4 ,all ! glories ( ,alex&] d n condone 9 our eyes = 8 cruelty 9 crucify+ ! brave def5d]s ( ,tyre by ?\s&s along ! sea-%ore2 & if ,solomon ) 8 ?\s& wives & concub9es 7 to appe> 9 ,london to-morr[1 ev5 our mo/ frivol\s circles w\ld be %ock$1 & ,brigham ,"y by contra/ seem a dome/ic model4 ,! judge pron\nces s5t5ce on ! prison] n[1 b ,society 9 its turn & 9 ! lapse ( ye>s pron\nces s5t5ce on ! judge4 ,x holds 9 its h& a new canon1 a new code ( morals1 & consigns its =m] repres5tative & ! law :i* he adm9i/]$ to a limbo ( contempt4 ,x seems z if ,society1 z x progresses f po9t to po9t1 =ms ideals--j z ! individual does4 ,at any mom5t ea* p]son1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 has an ideal 9 8 m9d t[>d :i* he is work+ 7h5ce ! importance ( lit]ature74 ,simil>ly ,society has an ideal 9 its m9d4 ,^! ideals are tang5ts or vani%+ po9ts ( ! direction 9 :i* ,society is mov+ at ! "t4 ,x does n rea* its ideal1 b x goes 9 t direction--!n1 aft] a "t1 ! direction ( its movem5t *anges1 & x has a new ideal4 ,:5 ! ideal ( ,society is mat]ial ga9 or possession1 z x is l>gely to-day1 ! object ( its special condemnation is ! ?ief--n ! ri* ?ief1 = he is already 9 possession & !re=e respectable1 b ! poor ?ief4 ,!re is no?+ to %[ t ! poor ?ief is really m immoral or unsocial ?an ! respectable money-grubb]2 b x is v cle> t ! money-grubb] has be5 float+ ) ! great curr5t ( ,society1 :ile ! poor man has be5 swimm+ aga9/ x1 & s has be5 wor/$4 ,or :51 z to-day1 ,society re/s on private prop]ty 9 l&1 its c\nt]-ideal is ! poa*]4 ,if y g 9 ! company ( ! c\nty squire-ar*y & li/5 to ! aft]-d9n] talk y w soon ?9k ! poa*] a comb9ation ( all human & diabolic vices2 yet ,i h kn[n a good _m poa*]s1 & ei!r h be5 v lucky 9 my specim5s or s+ul>ly prejudic$ 9 _! fav\r1 = ,i h g5]ally f\nd !m v good fell[s--b ) j ?is "o blemi% t !y inv>iably reg>d a l&lord z an emiss>y ( ! evil "o6 ,! poa*] is z mu* 9 ! "r1 probably1 z ! l&lord1 b he is n "r = ! "t4 ,he is ass]t+ a "r 7& an in/9ct7 belong+ to a pa/ "t--:5 = hunt+ purposes all l& 0 held 9 common--or to a "t 9 ! future :5 su* or simil> rights %all be re/or$4 ,cs> says ( ! ,suevi t !y till$ ! gr\nd 9 common & _h no private l&s1 & !re is abundant evid5ce t all e>ly human communities1 be=e !y ent]$ on ! /age ( mod]n civilisation1 7 communi/ic 9 "*4 ,"s ( ! ,pacific ,isl&]s to-day are 9 ! same condition4 ,9 ^? times private prop]ty 0 !ft4 ,obvi\sly ! man :o attempt$ to reta9 = himself l& or goods1 or :o f5c$ (f a portion ( ! common gr\nd &--l ! mod]n l&lord--w\ld all[ no "o to till x :o did n pay him a tax--0 a crim9al ( ! deepe/ dye4 ,nev]!less ! crim9als pu%$ _! way to ! front1 & h become ! respectables ( mod]n ,society4 ,& x is q probable t 9 l mann] ! crim9als ( to-day w pu% to ! front & become ! respectables ( a lat] age4 ,! ascetic & mona/ic ideal ( e>ly ,*ri/ian & m$ival ages is n[ reg>d$ z fooli%1 if n wick$2 & pov]ty1 :i* 9 _m times & places has be5 held 9 hon\r z ! only g>b ( hone/y1 is condemn$ z crim9al & indec5t4 ,nomadism--if accompani$ by pov]ty--is crim9al 9 mod]n ,society4 ,to-day ! gipsy & ! tramp are hunt$ d[n4 ,to h no settl$ habitation1 or worse /ill1 no place to lay y\r head1 are suspici\s matt]s4 ,we close ev5 our ou?\ses & b>ns aga9/ ! son ( man1 & s to u ! son ( man comes n4 ,& yet--at "o "t & 9 "o /age ( human progress--! nomadic /ate is ! rule2 & ! settl] is !n ! crim9al4 ,8 crops are fir$ & 8 cattle driv5 (f4 ,:at "r has he to lay a limit to ! hunt+ gr\nds1 or to spoil ! wild free life ( ! pla9s ) 8 dirty agriculture8 ,z to ! m>riage relation & its att5dant moralities1 ! =ms are num]\s & notori\s en\gh4 ,public op9ion seems to h v>i$ ?r\gh all phases & ideals1 & yet !re is no indication ( f9ality4 ,mod]n inve/igations %[ t 9 primitive human societies ! aff9ities admitt$ or b>r$ 9 m>riage are mo/ v>i\s--! relation ( bro!r & si/] be+ ev5 9 cases all[$2 9 ! pres5t day su* a bond z ! la/-m5tion$ w\ld be consid]$ inhuman & mon/r\s4#cd ,poly&ry prevails among "o p or at "o "t1 polygyny prevails among ano!r p or at ano!r "t4 ,9 ,c5tral ,africa to-day ! *ief (f]s y 8 wife z a m>k ( hospitality1 9 ,india ! native ,pr9ce keeps h] hidd5 ev5 f 8 mo/ intimate gue/4 ,among ! ,japanese1 public op9ion holds "y wom5--ev5 ( good bir?--s+ul>ly free 9 _! int]c\rse ) m51 till !y are m>ri$2 at ,p>is !y are free aft]4 ,9 ! ,greek & ,roman antiquity m>riage seems1 ) "s brilliant exceptions1 to h be5 a prosaic affair--mo/ly a matt] ( conv5i5ce & h\sekeep+--! woman an und]l+--little ( ! ideal atta*+ to ! relation%ip ( man & wife4 ,! romance ( love w5t else:]e4 ,! bett] class ( free wom5 or ,hetairai 7 ^? :o gave a spiritual *>m to ! passion4 ,!y 7 an educat$ & recognis$ body1 & possibly 9 _! be/ times ex]cis$ a heal?y & discrim9at+ influ5ce ^u ! male y\?4 ,! respectful treatm5t ( ,!odota by ,socrates & ! advice :i* he gives h] conc]n+ h] lov]s3 to keep ! insol5t f h] door1 & to rejoice greatly :5 ! accept$ succe$ 9 any?+ hon\rable1 indicates ?is4 ,t _! influ5ce 0 at times imm5se ! m]e "n ( ,aspasia is suffici5t to %[2 & if ,plato 9 ! ,symposium reports correctly ! ^w ( ,diotima1 h] tea*+ on ! subject ( human & div9e love 0 probably ( ! noble/ & pr(\nde/ t has ev] be5 giv5 to ! _w4 ,) ! influx ( ! ,nor?-m5 ov] ,europe came a new ideal ( ! sexual relation1 & ! wife m\nt$ m into equality ) h] husb& ?an be=e4 ,! romance ( love1 h[ev]1 /ill w5t ma9ly outside m>riage1 & may1 ,i believe1 be trac$ 9 two *ief =ms--t ( ,*ivalry1 z an ideal devotion to simple ,womanhood2 & t ( ,m9/relsy1 :i* took q a diff]5t hue1 individual & s5tim5tal--! lov] & 8 mi/ress 7%e 9 mo/ cases ! wife ( ano!r71 ! s]5ade1 secret am\r1 etc4--bo? ( :i* =ms ( ,*ivalry & ,m9/relsy conta9 9 !mselves some?+ new & n q famili> to antiquity4 ,f9ally 9 mod]n times ! monogamic union has ris5 to pre-em95ce--! spl5did ideal ( an equal & life-long atta*m5t betwe5 man & wife1 fruitful ( *ildr5 9 ?is life1 & hopeful ( cont9uance beyond--& has become ! great !me ( romantic lit]ature1 & ! climax ( a ?\s& novels & poems4 ,yet x is j "h & to-day1 :5 ?is ideal aft] c5turies ( /ruggle has e/abli%$ itself1 & among ! nations t are 9 ! van ( civilisation--t we f9d ! doctr9e ( p]fect lib]ty 9 ! m>riage relation%ip be+ mo/ successfully prea*$1 & t ! communalisation ( social life 9 ! future seems likely to weak5 ! family bond & to relax ! obligation ( ! m>riage tie4 ,if ! ,greek age1 spl5did z x 0 9 itself & 9 its fruits ( human progress1 did n hold m>riage v high1 x 0 p>tly because ! ideal passion ( t p]iod1 & "o :i* m ?an all else inspir$ x1 0 t ( comrade%ip1 or male fri5d%ip c>ri$ ov] into ! region ( love4 ,! two figures ( ,h>modius & ,ari/ogiton /& at ! entrance ( ,greek hi/ory z ! type ( ?is passion1 be>+ its fruit 7z ,plato ?r\gh\t ma9ta9s is its nature7 9 unit$ self-devotion to ! c\ntry's good4 ,! h]oic ,!ban legion1 ! sacr$ b&1 into :i* no man might ent] )\t 8 lov]--& :i* 0 said to h rema9$ unvanqui%$ till x 0 annihilat$ at ! battle ( ,*rona--proves to u h[ publicly ?is passion & its place 9 society 7 recognis$2 :ile its univ]sality & ! dep? to :i* x _h /irr$ ! ,greek m9d are indicat$ by ! fact t :ole treatises on love1 9 its spiritual aspect1 exi/1 9 :i* no o!r =m ( ! s5tim5t seems to be contemplat$2 & by ! magnific5t panorama ( ,greek /atu>y1 :i* 0 obvi\sly to a l>ge ext5t inspir$ by x4 ,9 fact ! mo/ rem>kable ,society kn[n to hi/ory1 & its greate/ m51 _c be prop]ly consid]$ or und]/ood ap>t f ?is passion2 yet ! mod]n _w sc>cely recognises x1 or if x recognises1 does s *iefly to condemn x4#ce ,o!r in/ances might be quot$ to %[ h[ diff]5tly moral que/ions are reg>d$ 9 "o age & ano!r--z 9 ! cases ( ,usury1 ,magic1 ,suicide1 ,infanticide1 etc4 ,on ! :ole we pride ourselves 7& ju/ly ,i believe7 on ! g5]al advance 9 humanity2 yet we "k t to-day ! m]e/ savages c only %udd] at a civilisation ^: public op9ion all[s--z among u--! ri* to wall[ 9 _! weal?1 :ile ! poor are sy/ematically />v+2 & x is c]ta9 t ! vivisection ( animals--:i* on ! :ole is approv$ by our educat$ classes 7?\gh n by ! heal?i] s5tim5t ( ! un$ucat$7--w\ld h be5 /igmatis$ z "o ( ! mo/ abom9able crimes by ! anci5t ,egyptians#cf--;if1 t is1 !y c\ld h conceiv$ su* a practice possible at all4 ,b n only d ! moral judgm5ts ( mank9d ?us v>y f age to age & f race to race1 b--:at is equally rem>kable--!y v>y to an extraord9>y degree f class to class ( ! same society4 ,if ! l&lord class reg>ds ! poa*] z a crim9al1 ! poa*]1 z already h9t$1 looks ^u ! l&lord z a selfi% ruffian :o has ! police on 8 side2 if ! respectable %>ehold]1 politely & respectably subsi/+ on divid5ds1 dismisses navvies & ! frequ5t]s ( public-h\ses z disord]ly p]sons1 ! navvy 9 return despises ! %>ehold] z a sneak+ ?ief4 ,& x is n easy to see1 aft] all1 :i* is 9 ! "r4 ,x is useless to dismiss ^! discrepancies by suppos+ t "o class 9 ! nation possesses a monopoly ( morality & t ! o!r classes simply rail at ! virtue !y _c atta9 to1 = ?is is obvi\sly n ! case4 ,x is almo/ a commonplace1 & c]ta9ly a fact t _c be conte/$1 t e class--h[ev] s9ful or outca/ 9 ! eyes ( o!rs--conta9s )9 its ranks a l>ge proportion ( g5]\s1 noble1 self-sacrific+ *>act]s2 s t ! public op9ion ( "o su* class1 h[ev] diff]5t f t ( o!rs1 _c at lea/ be invalidat$ on ! above gr\nd4 ,!re are pl5ty ( cl]gym5 at ?is mom5t :o are models ( pa/ors--true %eph]ds ( ! p--?\gh a l>ge & increas+ section ( society p]si/ 9 reg>d+ prie/s z a k9d ( wolves 9 %eep's clo?+4 ,x is n uncommon to meet ) pr(essional ?ieves :o are g5]\s & op5-h&$ to ! la/ degree1 & ready to "p ) _! la/ p5ny to help a comrade 9 di/ress2 ) wom5 liv+ outside ! b\nds ( conv5tional morality :o are /rongly religi\s 9 s5tim5t1 & :o reg>d a!i/s z really wick$ p2 ) ari/ocrats :o h z /]n mat]ial 9 !m z qu>ry-m52 & ev5 ) bondhold]s & draw+-room l\ng]s :o are z capable ( brav]y & self-sacrifice z _m a pitman or ironwork]4 ,yet all ^! classes m5tion$ h _! codes ( morality1 diff]+ 9 great] or less] degree f ea* o!r2 & aga9 ! "q =ces itself ^u u3 ,:i* ( !m all is ! true & abid+ code8 ,x may be said1 ) reg>d to ?is v>iation ( codes )9 ! same society1 t1 ?\gh v>i\s codes may exi/ at ! same "t1 "o only is really valid1 namely1 t :i* has embodi$ itself 9 ! law--t ! o!rs h be5 reject$ because !y 7 unwor?y4 ,b1 :5 we come to look into ?is matt] ( law1 we see t ! plea c h>dly be ma9ta9$4 ,law repres5ts f age to age ! code ( ! dom9ant or rul+ class1 sl[ly accumulat$1 no d\bt1 & sl[ly modifi$1 b always add$ to & always adm9i/]$ by ! rul+ class4 ,to-day ! code ( ! dom9ant class may p]haps be/ be d5ot$ by ! ^w ,respectability--& if we ask :y ?is code has to a great ext5t ov]:elm$ ! codes ( ! o!r classes & got ! law on its side 7s f> t 9 ! ma9 x *>act]ises ^? classes :o d n con=m to x z ! crim9al classes71 ! answ] c only be3 ,because x is ! code ( ! classes :o are 9 p[]4 ,respectability is ! code ( ^? :o h ! weal? & ! comm&1 & z ^! h also ! flu5t p5s & tongues1 x is ! /&>d ( mod]n lit]ature & ! press4 ,x is n necess>ily a bett] /&>d ?an o!rs1 b x is ! "o t happ5s to be 9 ! asc5dant2 x is ! code ( ! classes t *iefly repres5t mod]n society2 x is ! code ( ! ,b\rgeoisie4 ,x is diff]5t f ! ,feudal code ( ! pa/1 ( ! knightly classes1 & ( ,*ivalry2 x is diff]5t f ! ,democratic code ( ! future--( bro!rhood & ( equality2 x is ! code ( ! ,comm]cial age--& its di/9ctive wat*word is prop]ty4 ,! respectability ( to-day is ! respectability ( prop]ty4 ,!re is no?+ s respectable z be+ well-(f4 ,! ,law confirms ?is3 ev]y?+ is on ! side ( ! ri*2 ju/ice is too exp5sive a ?+ = ! poor man4 ,(f5ces aga9/ ! p]son h>dly c\nt = s mu* z ^? aga9/ prop]ty4 ,y may beat y\r wife )9 an in* ( h] life & only get ?ree mon?s2 b if y /eal a rabbit1 y may be s5t = ye>s4 ,s aga91 gambl+ by ?\s&s on ,*ange is respectable en\gh1 b pit* & toss = half-p5ce 9 ! /reets is l[1 & mu/ be dealt ) by ! police2 :ile x is a m]e commonplace to say t ! high-class sw9dl] is receiv$ 9 society f :i* a m hone/ b pat*-coat$ bro!r w\ld infallibly be reject$4 ,z ,walt ,:itman has x1 ,!re is pl5ty ( glam\r ab\t ! mo/ damnable crimes & hoggi% meannesses1 special & g5]al1 ( ! feudal & dyna/ic _w ov] !re1 ) its p]sonnel ( lords & que5s & c\rts1 s well-dress$ & h&some4 ,b ! p are ungrammatical1 untidy1 & _! s9s gaunt & ill-br$4 ,?us we see t ?\gh !re are1 = in/ance 9 ! ,engl& ( to-day1 a v>iety ( classes & a v>iety ( correspond+ codes ( public op9ion & morality1 "o ( ^! codes1 namely t ( ! rul+ class ^: wat*word is prop]ty1 is /rongly 9 ! asc5dant4 ,& we may fairly suppose t 9 any nation f ! "t :5 x fir/ becomes divid$ into well-m>k$ classes ?is is or has be5 ! case4 ,9 "o age--! comm]cial age--! code ( ! comm]cial or money-lov+ class is dom9ant2 9 ano!r--! milit>y--! code ( ! w>rior class is dom9ant2 9 ano!r--! religi\s--! code ( ! prie/ly class2 & s on4 ,& ev5 be=e any "q ( division into classes arises1 :ile races are yet 9 a rudim5t>y & tribal /ate1 ! utmo/ div]sity ( cu/om & public op9ion m>ks ! "o f ! o!r4 ,:at1 !n1 are we to conclude f all ^! v>iations 7& ! f> great] numb] :i* ,i h n m5tion$7 ( ! respect or /igma atta*+ to ! same actions1 n only among diff]5t societies 9 diff]5t ages or p>ts ( ! _w1 b ev5 at any "o "t among diff]5t classes ( ! same society8 ,mu/ we conclude t !re is no su* ?+ z a p]man5t moral code valid = all "t2 or mu/ we /ill suppose t !re is su* a ?+--?\gh society has hi!rto s\ght = x 9 va98 ,i ?9k x is obvi\s t !re is no su* ?+ z a p]man5t moral code--at any rate z apply+ to actions4 ,probably ! respect or /igma atta*+ to p>ticul> classes ( actions arose f ! fact t ^! classes ( actions 7--or 7 ?\ght to be--b5eficial or injuri\s to ! society ( ! "t2 b x is also cle> t ?is good or bad "n once creat$ cl+s to ! action long aft] ! action has ceas$ 9 ! c\rse ( social progress to be b5eficial 9 ! "o case1 or injuri\s 9 ! o!r2 & inde$ long aft] ! ?9k]s ( ! race h discov]$ ! discrepancy4 ,& s 9 a %ort "t arises a great confusion 9 ! popul> m9d betwe5 :at is really good or evil = ! race & :at is reput$ to be s--! bold] spirits :o try to sep>ate ! two hav+ to atone = ?is confusion by _! own m>tyrdom4 ,x is also pretty cle> t ! actions :i* are b5eficial or injuri\s to ! race mu/ by ! nature ( ! case v>y almo/ indef9itely ) ! *ang+ conditions ( ! life ( ! race--:at is b5eficial 9 "o age or "u "o set ( conditions be+ injuri\s 9 ano!r age or "u o!r circum/ances--s t a p]man5t or ev]-valid code ( moral action is n a ?+ to be expect$1 at any rate by ^? :o reg>d morality z a result ( social exp]i5ce1 & z a matt] ( fact is n a ?+ t we f9d exi/+4 ,&1 inde$1 ( ^? :o reg>d morals z intuitive1 !re are few :o h ?\ght ab\t ! matt] :o w\ld be incl9$ to say t any act 9 itself c be ei!r "r or wrong4 ,?\gh !re is a sup]ficial judgm5t ( ?is k9d1 yet :5 ! matt] comes to be look$ into1 ! m g5]al cons5t seems to be t ! rightness or wrongness is 9 ! motive4 ,to kill 7x is said7 is n wrong1 b to d s ) murd]\s int5t is2 to take money out ( ano!r p]son's purse is 9 itself nei!r moral nor immoral--all dep5ds ^u :e!r p]mission has be5 giv51 or on :at ! relations betwe5 ! two p]sons are2 & s on4 ,obvi\sly !re is no m]e act :i* "u giv5 conditions may n be ju/ifi$1 & equally obvi\s !re is no m]e act :i* "u giv5 conditions may n become unju/ifiable4 ,to talk1 !re=e1 ab\t virtues & vices z p]man5t & di/9ct classes ( actions is illusory3 !re is no su* di/9ction1 except s f> z a sup]ficial & transi5t public op9ion creates x4 ,! !atre ( morality is 9 ! passions1 & !re are 7x is said7 virtu\s & vici\s passions--et]nally di/9ct f ea* o!r4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ab&on$ ! se>* = a p]man5t moral code among ! actions2 on ! und]/&+ t we are m likely to f9d su* a ?+ among ! passions4 ,& ,i ?9k x w\ld be g5]ally admitt$ t ?is is a move 9 ! "r direction4 ,!re are difficulties h[ev] "h1 & ! matt] is n "o :i* r5d]s itself up at once4 ,?\gh1 vaguely speak+1 "s passions seem nobl] & m dignifi$ ?an o!rs1 we f9d x v difficult1 9 fact impossible1 to draw any /rict l9e :i* %all sep>ate "o class1 ! virtu\s1 f ! o!r class1 ! vici\s4 ,on ! :ole we place ,prud5ce1 ,g5]osity1 ,*a/ity1 ,rev]5ce1 ,c\rage among ! virtues--& _! opposites1 z ,ra%ness1 ,mis]l9ess1 ,incont95ce1 ,arrogance1 ,timidity1 among ! vices2 yet we d n seem able to say t ,prud5ce is always bett] ?an ,ra%ness1 ,*a/ity ?an ,incont95ce1 or ,rev]5ce ?an ,arrogance4 ,!re are situations 9 :i* ! less hon\r$ quality is ! mo/ 9 place2 & if ! extreme ( ?is is undesirable1 ! extreme ( its opposite is undesirable too4 ,c\rage1 x is commonly said1 mu/ n be c>ri$ ov] into foolh>d9ess2 ,*a/ity mu/ n g s f> z ! monks ( ! e>ly ,*ur* took x2 !re is a limit to ! indulg5ce ( ! in/9ct ( ,rev]5ce4 ,9 fact ! less dignifi$ passions are necess>y sometimes z a c\nt]balance & set-(f to ! m dignifi$1 & a "* devoid ( !m w\ld be v insipid2 j z among ! memb]s ( ! body1 ! less hon\r$ h _! place z well z ! m hon\r$1 & c\ld n well be disc>d$4 ,h5ce a numb] ( writ]s1 ab&on+ ! attempt to draw a fix$ l9e betwe5 virtu\s & vici\s passions1 h boldly ma9ta9$ t vices h _! place z well z virtues1 & t ! true salvation lies 9 ! gold5 mean4 ,! ,greek3 epieikeia & ,greek3 sphrosun ( ! ,greeks seem to h po9t$ to ! idea ( a bl5d or h>moni\s adju/m5t ( all ! p[]s z ! p]fection ( "*4 ,plut>* says 7,essay on ,moral ,virtue71 ,?is1 !n1 is ! function ( practical reason foll[+ nature1 to prev5t our passions ei!r go+ too f> or too %ort4444 ,?us sett+ b\nd to ! emotional curr5ts1 x creates 9 ! unreason+ "p ( ! s\l moral habits :i* are ! mean betwe5 excess & defici5cy4 ,! ,engli% ^w g5tleman seems to h once convey$ a simil> idea4 ,& ,em]son1 among o!rs1 ma9ta9s t ea* vice is only ! excess or acridity ( a virtue1 & says ! fir/ lesson ( hi/ory is ! good ( evil4 ,accord+ to ?is view rightness or wrongness _c be pr$icat$ ( ! passions !mselves1 b %\ld r be appli$ to ! use ( !m1 & to ! way !y are proportion$ to ea* o!r & to circum/ances4 ,z1 f>!r back1 we left ! region ( actions to look = morality 9 ! passions t lie beh9d action1 s n[ we leave ! region ( ! passions to look = x 9 ! p[] t lies beh9d ! passions & gives !m _! place4 ,?is is a f>!r move 9 ! same direction z be=e1 & possibly w br+ u to a m satisfactory conclusion4 ,!re are /ill difficulties1 h[ev]1 ! *ief ones ly+ 9 ! want ( def9it5ess :i* necess>ily atta*es to our deal+s ) ^! remot] tracts ( human nature2 & 9 our own defective k ( ^! tracts4 ,= ^! reasons1 & z ! subject is a complex & difficult "o1 ,i w\ld ask ! read] to dwell = a few m9utes long] on ! consid]ations :i* %[ t x is really z impossible to draw a fix$ l9e betwe5 moral & immoral passions z x is betwe5 moral & immoral actions1 & :i* !re=e =ce u1 if we are to f9d any gr\nd ( morality at all1 to look = x 9 "s fur!r region ( our nature4 ,plato 9 8 allegory ( ! s\l1 9 ! ,phdrus1 ?\gh he app>5tly divides ! passions :i* draw ! human *>iot into two classes1 ! heav5w>d & ! e>?w>d--figur$ by ! :ite horse & ! black horse respectively--does n recomm5d t ! black horse %\ld be de/roy$ or dismiss$1 b only t he 7z well z ! :ite horse7 %\ld be kept "u due control by ! *>iote]4 ,by :i* he seems to int5d t !re is a p[] 9 man :i* /&s above & beh9d ! passions1 & "u ^: control alone ! human be+ c safely move4 ,9 fact1 if ! fi]c] & s-call$ m e>?ly passions 7 remov$1 half ! driv+ =ce w\ld be gone f ! *>iot ( ! human s\l4 ,hatr$ may be devili% at times--b1 aft] all1 ! true value ( x dep5ds on :at y hate1 on ! use to :i* ! passion is put4 ,ang]1 ?\gh inhuman at "o "t1 is magnific5t at ano!r4 ,ob/9acy may be out ( place 9 a draw+-room1 b x is ! late/ virtue on a battle-field1 :5 an important position has to be held aga9/ ! full brunt ( ! enemy4 ,& ,lu/1 ?\gh maniacal & mon/r\s 9 its ab]rations1 _c 9 ! la/ resort be sep>at$ f its div9e companion1 ,love4 ,to let ! m amiable passions h entire sway notori\sly does n d3 to turn y\r *eek1 too lit]ally1 to ! smit]1 is 7pace ,tol/oi7 only to enc\rage smit+2 & :5 society becomes s altrui/ic t ev]ybody runs to fet* ! coal-scuttle1 we feel sure t some?+ has gone wrong4 ,! :ite-wa%$ h]oes ( our biographies1 ) _! _m virtues & no faults1 d n please u4 ,we h an impression t ! man )\t faults is1 to say ! lea/1 a vague1 un9t]e/+ be+--a picture )\t light & %ade--& ! conv5tional semi-pi\s classification ( "* into good & bad qualities 7z if ! good might be kept & ! bad ?r[n away7 seems bo? inadequate & false4 ,:at ! /ud5t ( human nature r has to d is n to divide ! virtues 7s-call$7 f ! vices 7s-call$71 n to sep>ate ! black horse & ! :ite horse1 b to f9d out :at is ! relation ( ! "o to ! o!r--to see ! "* z a :ole1 & ! mutual int]dep5d5ce ( its diff]5t p>ts--to f9d out :at t p[] is :i* con/itutes x a unity1 ^: pres5ce & control makes ! man & all 8 actions "r1 & 9 ^: abs5ce 7if x is really possible = x to be entirely abs5t7 ! man & 8 actions mu/ be wrong4 ,:at we call vices1 faults1 defects1 appe> (t5 z a k9d ( limitation3 cruelty1 = in/ance1 z a limitation ( human sympa?y1 prejudice z a bl9dness1 a want ( disc]nm5t2 b x is j ^! limitations--9 "o =m or ano!r--:i* are ! necess>y conditions ( ! appe>ance ( a human be+ 9 ! _w4 ,if we are to act or live at all we mu/ act & live "u limits4 ,!re mu/ be *annels along :i* ! /ream is =c$ to run1 else x w spread & lose itself aimlessly 9 all directions--& turn no mill-:eels4 ,"o man is disagreeable & unconciliatory--! directions 9 :i* 8 sympa?y goes out to o!rs are few & limit$--yet !re are situations 9 life 7& ev]yone mu/ "k !m7 :5 a man :o is able & will+ to make himself disagreeable is invaluable3 :5 a ,c>lyle is wor? any numb] ( ,balaams4 ,sometimes aga9 vices1 etc41 appe> z a k9d ( raw mat]ial f :i* ! o!r qualities h to be =m$1 & )\t :i*1 9 a s5se1 !y c\ld n exi/4 ,s5suality1 = in/ance1 und]lies all art & ! high] emotions4 ,timidity is ! defect ( ! s5sitive imag9ative temp]am5t4 ,bluntness1 /upid c&or1 & want ( tact are indisp5sable 9 ! =mation ( c]ta9 types ( ,re=m]s4 ,b :at w\ld y h8 ,w\ld y h a rabbit ) ! horns ( a c[1 or a donkey ) ! disposition ( a spaniel8 ,! re=m] has n to extirpate 8 brusqu5ess & aggressiv5ess1 b to see t he makes good use ( ^! qualities2 & ! man has n to aboli% 8 s5suality1 b to humanise x4 ,& s on4 ,lecky1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,morals1 %[s h[ 9 society c]ta9 defects necess>ily accompany c]ta9 excell5ces ( "*4 ,_h ! ,iri% peasants be5 less *a/e !y w\ld h be5 m prosp]\s1 9 8 blunt ass]tion1 :i* he supports by ! cont5tion t _! e>ly m>riages 7:i* r5d] ! said virtue possible7 are ! mo/ conspicu\s pro(s ( ! national improvid5ce1 & "o ( ! mo/ fatal ob/acles to indu/rial prosp]ity4 ,simil>ly he says t ! gambl+ table fo/]s a moral n]ve & calmness sc>cely exhibit$ 9 equal p]fection 9 any o!r sph]e--a fact :i* ,bret ,h>te has f9ely illu/rat$ 9 8 "* ( ,mr4 ,john ,oakhur/ 9 ! ,outca/s ( ,pok] ,flat2 also t ! promotion ( indu/rial v]acity is probably ! s+le =m 9 :i* ! gr[? ( manufactures ex]cises a favorable influ5ce ^u morals2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ,tru/ 9 ,provid5ce1 cont5t & resignation 9 extreme pov]ty & suff]+1 ! mo/ g5u9e amiability1 & ! mo/ s9c]e read9ess to assi/ _! bre?r51 an adh]5ce to _! religi\s op9ions :i* no p]secutions & no bribes c %ake1 a capacity = h]oic1 transc5d5t1 & prolong$ self-sacrifice1 may be f\nd 9 "s nations1 9 m5 :o are habitual li>s & habitual *eats4 ,aga9 he po9ts out t ?rift9ess & =e?\ght--:i*1 9 an indu/rial civilisation l ours1 are look$ ^u z duties ( ! v highe/ ord]--h at o!r times 7:5 ! tea*+ 0 take no ?\ght = ! morr[7 be5 reg>d$ z q ! rev]se1 & concludes ) ! g5]al rem>k t z society advances !re is "s loss = e ga9 t is made1 & ) ! special indictm5t aga9/ civilisation t x is n favorable to ! production ( self-sacrifice1 en?usiasm1 rev]5ce1 or *a/ity4 ,! po9t ( all :i* is t ! s-call$ vices & defects--:e!r we reg>d !m z limitations or :e!r we reg>d !m z raw mat]ials ( "*1 :e!r we reg>d !m 9 ! individual solely or :e!r we reg>d !m 9 _! relation to society--are necess>y elem5ts ( human life1 elem5ts )\t :i* ! s-call$ virtues c\ld n exi/2 & t !re=e x is q impossible to sep>ate vices & virtues into di/9ct classes ) ! lat5t idea involv$ t "o class may be reta9$ & ! o!r 9 c\rse ( "t got rid (4 ,defects & bad qualities w n be treat$ s--!y clam\r = _! rights & w n be d5i$2 !y effect a lodgm5t 9 u1 & we h to put up ) !m4 ,l ! gra9 ( s& 9 ! oy/]1 we are =c$ to make pe>ls ( !m4 ,^! are ! precipices & *asms :i* give =m to ! m\nta94 ,:o wants a m\nta9 sprawl+ indiff]5tly out on all sides1 )\t angle or break1 l ! oceanic tide-wave ( :i* "o _c say :e!r x is a hill or a pla98 ,& if y want to gr[ a lily1 *a/ely :ite & fill+ ! air ) its fragrance1 w y n bury ! bulb ( x deep 9 ! dirt to beg9 )8 ,ackn[l$g+1 !n1 t x is impossible to hold p]man5tly to any l9e ( di/9ction betwe5 good & bad passions1 !re rema9s no c\rse = u b to accept bo?1 & to make use ( !m--r$eem+ !m1 bo? good & bad1 f _! n>r[ness & limitation by s do+--to make use ( !m 9 ! s]vice ( humanity4 ,= z dirt is only matt] 9 ! wrong place1 s evil 9 man consi/s only 9 actions or passions :i* are uncontroll$ by ! human )9 him1 & und$icat$ to its s]vice4 ,! evil consi/s n 9 ! actions or passions !mselves1 b 9 ! fact t !y are inhumanly us$4 ,! mo/ unblemi%$ virtue erect$ into a b>ri] betwe5 "o self & a suff]+ bro!r or si/]--! :ite/ m>ble image1 h[soev] lovely1 set up 9 ! ,holy ,place ( ! temple ( ,man1 :]e ! _s alone %\ld dwell--becomes blasphemy & a pollution4 ,:]e9 exactly ?is human s]vice consi/s is ano!r "q4 ,x may be1 &1 z ! read] w\ld ga!r1 probably is1 a matt] :i* at ! la/ eludes def9ition4 ,b ?\gh x may elude exact /atem5t1 t is no reason :y approximations %\ld n be made to ! /atem5t ( x2 nor is its ultimate elusiv5ess ( intellectual def9ition any pro( t x may n become a real & vital =ce )9 ! man1 & und]ly+ inspiration ( 8 actions4 ,to take ! two consid]ations 9 ord]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z we saw f ! beg9n+1 ! exp]i5ce ( society is cont9ually lead+ x to classify actions into b5eficial & h>mful1 good & bad2 & ?us moral codes are =m$ :i* eat _! way f ! outside into ! individual man & become "p ( him4 ,^! codes may be look$ ^u z approximations 9 ea* age to a /atem5t ( human s]vice2 b1 z we h se51 !y are by ! nature ( ! case v imp]fect2 & s9ce ! v conditions ( ! problem are cont9ually *ang+1 x seems obvi\s t a f9al & absolute solution ( x by ?is me?od is impossible4 ,! second way 9 :i* man works t[>ds a solution is by ! expansion & gr[? ( 8 own consci\sness1 & is ultimately by f> ! mo/ important--?\gh ! two me?ods h d\btless cont9ually to be correct$ by ea* o!r4 ,9 fact1 z man actually =ms a "p ( society ext]nally1 s he comes to "k & feel himself a "p ( society ?r\gh 8 inn] nature4 ,gradually1 & 9 ! lapse ( ages1 ?r\gh ! developm5t ( 8 sympa!tic relation ) 8 fell[s1 ! individual man ent]s into a wid] & wid] circle ( life2 ! joys & sorr[s1 ! exp]i5ces1 ( 8 fell[s become 8 own joys & sorr[s1 8 own exp]i5ces2 he passes into a life :i* is l>g] ?an 8 own individual life2 =ces fl[ 9 ^u him :i* det]m9e 8 actions1 n = results :i* return to him directly1 b = results :i* c only return to him indirectly & ?r\gh o!rs2 at la/ ! gr\nd ( humanity1 z x 71 reveals itself )9 him1 ! region ( human equality--& 8 actions come to fl[ directly f ! v same s\rce :i* regulates & inspires ! :ole movem5t ( society4 ,at ?is po9t ! problem is solv$4 ,! gr[? has tak5 place f )92 x is n ( ! nature ( an ext]nal compulsion1 b ( an inw>d compunction4 ,by actual consci\sness ! man has tak5 on an ev]-enl>g+ life1 & at la/ ! life ( humanity1 :i* has no fix$ =m1 no ev]-valid code2 b is itself ! true life1 surpass+ def9ition1 yet inspir+ all actions & passions1 all codes & =ms1 & det]m9+ at la/ _! place4 ,x is ! gradual gr[? ( ?is supreme life 9 ea* individual :i* is ! great & inde$ ! only hope ( ,society--x is t = :i* ,society exi/s3 a life :i* s f> f dw>f+ individuality enhances imm5sely its p[]1 caus+ ! individual to move ) ! weight ( ! univ]se beh9d him--& exalt+ :at 7 once 8 little peculi>ities & defects into ! spl5did manife/ations ( 8 humanity4 ,to return !n = a mom5t to ! practical be>+ ( ?is on ! "q be=e u1 we see t s soon z we h ab&on$ all codes ( morals !re rema9s no?+ = u b to put all our qualities & defects to human use1 & to r$eem !m by s do+4 ,our defects are our entrances into life1 & ! gateway ( all our deal+s ) o!rs4 ,?9k :at x is to be pla9 & homely4 ,! v ^w sugge/s an ende>m5t1 & a lib]ty ( access d5i$ to ! faultlessly h&some4 ,our v evil passions1 s call$1 are n ?+s to be a%am$ (1 b ?+s to look /raight 9 ! face & to see :at !y are good =--= a use c be f\nd = !m1 t is c]ta94 ,! man %\ld see t he is wor?y ( 8 passion1 z ! m\nta9 %\ld re> its cre/ con=mable to ! height ( ! precipice :i* b\nds x4 ,is x wom58 let him see t he is a magnanim\s lov]4 ,is x ambition8 let him take c>e t x be a gr& "o4 ,is x laz9ess8 let x r$eem him f ! folly ( unre/1 to become heav5-reflect+1 l a lake among ! hills4 ,is x closefi/$ness8 let x become ! nurse ( a true economy4 ,! m complicat$1 pron\nc$1 or awkw>d ! defect is ! f9] w be ! result :5 x has be5 ?or\ghly work$ up4 ,love ( approbation is difficult to deal )4 ,?r\gh sl\ghs ( duplicity1 ( concealm5t1 ( vanity1 x leads its victim4 ,x sucks 8 /urdy self-life1 & leaves him flatt5$ & bloodless4 ,yet once ma/]$1 once fairly torn out1 cudgel$1 & left ble$+ on ! road 7= ?is probably has to be done ) e vice or virtue "s "t or o!r71 x w rise up & foll[ y1 c>ry+ a magic key r\nd its neck1 meek & s]viceable n[1 in/ead ( dang]\s & demoniac z be=e4 ,deceit is difficult to deal )4 ,9 "s s5se x is ! wor/ fault t c be4 ,x seems to disorganise & ultimately to de/roy ! "*4 ,yet ,i am bold to say t ?is defect has its uses4 ,sev]ely exam9$ p]haps x w be f\nd t no "o c live a day free f x4 ,& beyond t--is n a noble dissimulation "p & p>cel ( ! v greate/ *>act]s3 l ,socrates1 ! :ite s\l 9 a satyr =m8 ,:5 ! div9e has desc5d$ among m5 has x n always1 l ,moses1 worn a veil be=e its face8 & :at is ,nature h]self b "o long & organis$ sy/em ( deception8 ,v]acity has an opposite effect4 ,x knits all ! elem5ts ( a man's "*--r5d]+ him solid r ?an fluid2 yet c>ri$ out too lit]ally & pragmatically x cond5ses & solidifies ! "* ov]mu*1 mak+ ! man wood5y & angul>4 ,& ev5 ( t ess5tial ,tru? 7tru? to ! inw>d & ideal p]fection7 :i* m ?an any?+ else p]haps con/itutes a man--x is to be rememb]$ t ev5 "h !re mu/ be a limitation4 ,no man c 9 act or ext]nally be q true to ! ideal--?\gh 9 _s he may be4 ,if he is to live 9 ?is _w & be mortal1 x mu/ be by virtue ( "s p>tiality1 "s defect4 ,& s aga9--s9ce !re is an analogy betwe5 ! ,individual & ,society--may we n conclude t z ! individual has ultimately to recognise 8 s-call$ evil passions & f9d a place & a use = !m1 society also has to recognise its s-call$ crim9als & disc]n _! place & use8 ,! arti/ does n omit %ad[s f 8 canvas2 & ! wise /atesman w n try to aboli% ! crim9al f society--le/ haply he be f\nd to h aboli%$ ! driv+ =ce f 8 social ma*9e4#cg ,f :at has n[ be5 said x is q cle> t 9 g5]al we call a man a crim9al1 n because he violates any et]nal code ( morality--= !re exi/s no su* ?+--b because he violates ! rul+ code ( 8 "t1 & ?is dep5ds l>gely on ! ideal ( ! "t4 ,! ,sp>tans appe> to h p]mitt$ !ft because !y ?\ght t ?iev+ habits 9 ! community fo/]$ milit>y dext]ity & disc\rag$ ! accumulation ( private weal?4 ,!y look$ ^u ! latt] z a great evil4 ,b to-day ! accumulation ( private weal? is our great good & ! ?ief is look$ ^u z ! evil4 ,:5 h[ev] we f9d1 z ! hi/orians ( to-day tea* u1 t society is n[ probably pass+ ?r\gh a p>5!tical /age ( private prop]ty f a /age ( communism 9 ! pa/ to a /age ( m highly develop$ communism 9 ! future1 x becomes cle> t ! ?ief 7& ! poa*] be=e-m5tion$7 is t p]son :o is prote/+ aga9/ ! too-exclusive dom9ation ( a pass+ ideal4 ,:atev] %\ld we d )\t him8 ,he is keep+ op5 = u1 z ,h9ton ,i ?9k expresses x1 ! pa? to a reg5]ate society1 & is m useful to t end ?an _m a plat=m orator4 ,he x is t makes ,c>e to sit ^u ! ,crupp] ( ,weal?1 & s1 9 c\rse ( "t1 causes ! burd5 & bo!r ( private prop]ty to become s intol]able t society gladly ca/s x d[n on common gr\nd4 ,va/ z is ! ma*9]y ( ,law1 & multif>i\s ! ways 9 :i* x seeks to cru% ! ?ief1 x has signally fail$1 & fails ev] m & m4 ,! ?ief w w94 ,he w get :at he wants1 b 7z usual 9 human life67 9 a way & 9 a =m v diff]5t f :at he expect$4 ,& :5 we reg>d ! ?ief 9 himself1 we _c say t we f9d him less human ?an o!r classes ( society4 ,! s5tim5t ( l>ge bodies ( ?ieves is highly communi/ic among !mselves2 & if !y ?us repres5t a survival f an e>li] age1 !y might also be look$ ^u z ! precursors ( a bett] age 9 ! future4 ,!y h _! pals 9 e t[n1 ) runs & refuges always op51 & are lavi% & g5]\s to a degree to _! own k9d4 ,& if !y look ^u ! ri* z _! natural enemies & fair prey1 a view :i* x might be difficult to ga9say1 _m ( !m at any rate are animat$ by a good deal ( ! ,rob9 ,hood _s1 & are really helpful to ! poor4 ,i ne$ n ,i ?9k quote t fam\s passage f ,lecky 9 :i* he %[s h[ ! pro/itute1 ?r\gh c5turies ( suff]+ & ill-fame1 has borne ! curse & contempt ( ,society 9 ord] t h] m =tunate si/] might rejoice 9 ! a*ievem5t ( a pure m>riage4 ,! ideal ( a monogamic union has be5 e/abli%$ 9 a s5se directly by ! slur ca/ ^u ! free woman4 ,if1 h[ev]1 z _m p ?9k1 a c]ta9 latitude 9 sexual relations is n only admissible b1 9 ! long run1 & )9 b\nds1 desirable1 x becomes cle> t ! pro/itute is t p]son :o aga9/ heavy odds1 & at ! co/ ( a real degradation to h]self1 has clung to a tradition :i*1 9 itself good1 might o!rwise h p]i%$ 9 ! face ( our devotion to ! spl5did ideal ( ! exclusive m>riage4 ,!re has be5 a "t 9 hi/ory :5 ! pro/itute 7if ! ^w c prop]ly be us$ 9 ?is connection7 has be5 glorifi$1 consecrat$ to ! temple-s]vice & hon\r$ ( m5 & gods 7! hi]od\loi ( ! ,greeks1 ! kode%o? & kode%im ( ! ,bible1 etc47 ,!re has also be5 a "t :5 %e has be5 sc\t$ & revil$4 ,9 ! future !re w come a "t :51 z free companion1 really free f ! curse ( mod]n comm]cialism1 & sacr$ & respect$ once m1 %e w aga9 be accept$ by society & take h] place ) ! re/4 ,& s ) o!r cases4 ,on look+ back into hi/ory we f9d t almo/ e human impulse has at "s age be5 held 9 e/eem & all[$ full play2 ?us man came to recognise its beauty & value4 ,b !n1 le/ x %\ld come 7z x surely w\ld7 to tyrannise ov] ! re/1 x has be5 de?ron$1 & s 9 a lat] age ! same quality is sc\t$ & bann$4 ,la/ ( all x has to f9d its p]fect human use & to take its place ) ! re/4 ,up to ! age ( ,civilisation 7accord+ to writ]s on primitive ,society7 ! e>ly tribes ( mank9d1 ?\gh limit$ ea* 9 _! habits1 7 ess5tially democratical 9 /ructure4 ,9 fact1 no?+ _h occurr$ to make !m o!rwise4 ,ea* memb] /ood on a foot+ ( equality ) ! re/2 individual m5 _h n 9 _! h&s an arbitr>y p[] ov] o!rs2 & ! tribal life & /&>d rul$ supreme4 ,& :51 9 ! future & on a mu* high] plane1 ! true ,democracy comes1 ?is equality :i* has s long be5 9 abeyance w be re/or$1 n only among m5 b also1 9 a s5se1 among all ! passions & qualities ( manhood3 none w be all[$ to tyrannise ov] o!rs1 b all w h to be subject to ! supreme life ( humanity4 ,! *>iot ( ,man in/ead ( two horses w h a ?\s&2 b !y w all be "u control ( ! *>iote]4 ,mean:ile x may n be extravagant to suppose t all ?r\gh ! ,civilisation-p]iod ! s-call$ crim9als are keep+ op5 ! possibility ( a return to ?is /ate ( society4 ,!y are pres]v+1 9 a r\gh & unattractive husk x may be1 ! preci\s se$ ( a life :i* is to come 9 ! future2 & are z necess>y & integral a "p ( society 9 ! long run z ! mo/ respect$ & mo/ hon\r$ ( its memb]s at pres5t4 ,! up%ot !n ( x all is t morals z a p]man5t code ( action h to be disc>d$4 ,!re exi/s no su* p]man5t code4 ,"o age1 "o race1 "o class1 "o family1 may h a code :i* ! us]s ( x consid] valid1 b only !y consid] x valid1 & !n only = a "t4 ,! ,decalogue may h be5 a r\gh & useful ready-reckon] = ! ,israelites2 b to u x admits ( s _m exceptions & int]pretations t x is practically wor?less4 ,?\ %alt n /eal4 ,exactly2 b :o is to decide1 z we saw at ! outset1 9 :at /eal+ consi/s8 ,! "q is too complicat$ to admit ( an answ]4 ,& :5 we h caught our half-/>v$ tramp sneak+ a loaf1 & are ready to condemn him1 lo6 ,lycurgus pats him on ! back1 & ! mod]n philosoph] tells him t he is keep+ op5 ! pa? to a reg5]ate society6 ,if ! tramp _h also be5 a philosoph]1 he w\ld p]haps h done ! same act n m]ely = 8 own b5efit b = t ( society1 he w\ld h committ$ a crime 9 ord] to save mank9d4 ,!re is no?+ left b ,humanity4 ,s9ce !re is no ev]-valid code ( morals we mu/ sadly confess t !re is no means ( prov+ ourselves "r & our neighb\rs wrong4 ,9 fact ! v act ( ?9k+ :e!r we are "r 7:i* implies a sund]+ ( ourselves1 ev5 9 ?\ght1 f o!rs7 itself introduces ! elem5t ( wrongness2 & if we are ev] to be "r at all1 x mu/ be at "s mom5t :5 we fail to notice x--:5 we h =gott5 our ap>tness f o!rs & h ent]$ into ! great region ( human equality4 ,equality--9 t region all human defects are r$eem$2 !y all f9d _! place4 ,to love y\r neighb\r z y\rself is ! :ole law & ! prophets2 to feel t y are equal ) o!rs1 t _! lives are z y\r life1 t y\r life is z !irs--ev5 9 :at trifl+ degree we may exp]i5ce su* ?+s--is to ent] into ano!r life :i* includes bo? sides2 x is to pass beyond ! sph]e ( moral di/9ctions1 & to tr\ble oneself no m ) !m4 ,betwe5 lov]s !re are no duties & no rights2 & 9 ! life ( humanity1 !re is only an in/9ctive mutual s]vice express+ itself 9 :atev] way may be be/ at ! "t4 ,no?+ is =bidd51 !re is no?+ :i* may n s]ve4 ,! law ( ,equality is p]fectly flexible1 is adaptable to all times & places1 f9ds a place = all ! elem5ts ( "*1 ju/ifies & r$eems !m all )\t exception2 & to live by x is p]fect fre$om4 ,yet n a law3 b r z said1 a new life1 transc5d+ ! individual life1 work+ ?r\gh x f )91 lift+ ! self into ano!r sph]e1 beyond corruption1 f> ov] ! _w ( ,sorr[4 ,! ef=t to make a di/9ction betwe5 act+ = self & act+ = "o's neighbor is ! basis ( morals4 ,z long z a man feels an ultimate antagonism betwe5 himself & society1 z long z he tries to hold 8 own life z a ?+ ap>t f t ( o!rs1 s long mu/ ! "q arise :e!r he w act = self or = ^? o!rs4 ,h5ce fl[ a long array ( t]ms--di/9ctions ( "r & wrong1 duty1 selfi%ness1 self-r5unciation1 altruism1 etc4 ,b :5 he discov]s t !re is no ultimate antagonism betwe5 himself & society2 :5 he f9ds t ! gratification ( e desire :i* he has or c h may be r5d]$ social1 or b5eficial to 8 fell[s1 by be+ us$ at ! "r "t & place1 & on ! o!r h& t e dem& made ^u him by society w & mu/ gratify "s portion ( 8 nature1 "s desire ( 8 he>t--:y1 all ! di/9ctions collapse aga92 !y d n hold wat] any m4 ,a l>g] life desc5ds ^u him1 :i* includes bo? sides1 & prompts actions 9 accordance ) an unwritt5 & unimag9$ law4 ,su* actions w sometimes be acc\nt$ selfi% by ! _w2 sometimes !y w be acc\nt$ unselfi%2 b !y are nei!r1 or--if y l--bo?2 & he :o does !m conc]ns himself n ) ! names t may be giv5 to !m4 ,! law ( ,equality includes all ! moral codes1 & is ! /&po9t :i* !y _c rea*1 b :i* !y all aim at4 ,judg$ by ?is f9al /&>d !n1 x may d\btless fairly be said--s9ce we all fall %ort ( x--t we are all crim9als1 & des]ve a good hid+2 & ev5 t "s ( u are great] crim9als ?an o!rs4 ,only ( ?is real crim9ality ! actual moral & legal codes af=d b ineffectual te/s4 ,i may be a f> worse or m self-includ$ 7idiotic or brutal7 man ?an y1 b ! m]e fact t ,i h violat$ ! laws & be5 clapp$ into prison does n prove x4 ,!re may be1 probably is1 a real & et]nal diff]5ce repres5t$ by ! words ,"r & ,wrong1 b no /atem5t t we c make w ev] q avail to def9e x4 ,"o use1 h[ev]1 ( all ^! laws & codes 9 ! pa/1 imp]fect ?\gh !y 71 may h be5 to gradually excite ! consci\sness 9 ! individual ( 8 opposition to society1 & s prep>e ! way = a true reconcilem5t4 ,z ,paul says1 ,i _h n kn[n s91 b by ! law1 &1 if we _h n be5 cudgel$ & bruis$ = c5turies by ?is r\gh bludgeon ( social conv5tion1 we %\ld n n[ be s s5sitive z we are to ! effect ( our actions ^u our neighb\rs1 nor s ready = a social life 9 ! future :i* %all be sup]ior to law4 ,( c\rse1 ! ultimate reconcilem5t ( ! individual ) society--( ! unit ,man ) ! mass-,man--involves ! subord9ation ( ! desires1 _! subjection to ! true self4 ,& ?is is a mo/ important po9t4 ,x is no easy lapse t is "h sugge/$1 f morality into a m]e jungle ( human passion1 b a toilsome & long asc5t--involv+ = a "t at any rate a det]m9$ self-control--into asc5dancy ov] ! passions2 x involves ! complete ma/]y1 "o by "o1 ( !m all1 & ! recognition & all[ance ( !m only because !y are ma/]$4 ,& x is j ?is tra9+ & subjection ( ! passions--z ( w+$ horses :i* are to draw ! human *>iot--:i* necess>ily =ms su* a long & pa9ful process ( human evolution4 ,! old moral codes are a "p ( ?is process2 b !y g on ! plan ( ext+ui%+ "s ( ! passions--see+ t x is sometimes easi] to %oot a re/ive horse ?an to ride him4 ,we h[ev] d n want to be lords ( dead c>rion1 b ( liv+ p[]s2 & e /e$ t we c add to our *>iot makes our progress ?r\gh creation s mu* ! m spl5did1 provid+ ,phoebus inde$ hold ! re9s1 & n ! incapable ,phaeton4 ,& by becom+ ?us "o ) ! social self1 ! individual1 in/ead ( be+ cru%$1 is made f> va/]1 f> gr&] ?an be=e4 ,! r5unciation 7if x mu/ be s call$7 :i* he has to accept 9 ab&on+ m]ely individual ends is imm$iately comp5sat$ by ! f> m vivid life he n[ ent]s into4 ,= e =ce ( 8 nature c n[ be utilis$4 ,plant+ himself out by contra/ he /&s all ! firm] because he has a left foot z well z a "r1 & :5 he acts1 he acts n half-he>t$ly z "o afraid1 b1 z x 71 ) ! :ole weight ( ,humanity beh9d him4 ,9 ab&on+ 8 exclusive individuality he becomes = ! fir/ "t a real & liv+ individual2 & 9 accept+ z 8 own ! life ( o!rs he becomes aw>e ( a life 9 himself t has no limit & no end4 ,t ! self ( any "o man is capable ( an inf9ite gradation f ! mo/ petty & exclusive exi/5ce to ! mo/ magnific5t & inclusive seems almo/ a truism4 ,! "o extreme is disease & dea?1 ! o!r is life ev]la/+4 ,:5 ! tongue = example--:i* is a memb] ( ! body--reg>ds itself z a purely sep>ate exi/5ce = itself alone1 x makes a mi/ake1 x suff]s an illusion1 & desc5ds into its pettie/ life4 ,:at is ! consequ5ce8 ,?9k+ t x exi/s ap>t f ! o!r memb]s1 x selects food j su* z %all gratify its mo/ local self1 x endeav\rs j to titillate its own s5se ( ta/e2 & liv+ & act+ ?us1 ere long x ru9s t v s5se ( ta/e1 poisons ! sy/em ) improp] food1 & br+s ab\t disease & dea?4 ,yet1 if heal?y1 h[ does ! tongue act8 ,:y1 x does n run c\nt] to its own s5se ( ta/e1 or /ultify itself4 ,x does n talk ab\t sacrific+ its own incl9ations = ! good ( ! body & ! o!r memb]s2 b x j acts z be+ "o 9 int]e/ ) !m & !y ) x4 ,= ! tongue is a muscle1 & !re=e :at fe$s x fe$s all ! o!r muscles2 & ! membrane ( ! tongue is a prolongation ( ! membrane ( ! /oma*1 & t is h[ ! tongue kn[s :at ! /oma* w l2 & ! tongue is n]ves & blood1 & s ! tongue may act = n]ves & blood all ov] ! body1 & s on4 ,!re=e ! tongue may ent] into a wid] life ?an t repres5t$ by ! m]e local s5se ( ta/e1 & exp]i5ces m pleasure (t5 9 ! dr9k+ ( a glass ( wat] :i* ! :ole body wants1 ?an 9 ! da9tie/ sweetmeat :i* is = itself alone4 ,exactly s man 9 a heal?y /ate does n act = himself alone1 practically _c d s4 ,nor does he talk cant ab\t s]v+ 8 neighbors1 etc4 ,b he simply acts = !m z well z = himself1 because !y are "p & p>cel ( 8 life--bone ( 8 bone & fle% ( 8 fle%2 & 9 do+ s he ent]s into a wid] life1 f9ds a m p]fect pleasure1 & becomes m really a man ?an ev] be=e4 ,e man conta9s 9 himself ! elem5ts ( all ! re/ ( humanity4 ,!y lie 9 ! backgr\nd2 b !y are !re4 ,9 ! front he has 8 own special faculty develop$--8 individual faade1 ) its projects1 plans & purposes3 b beh9d sleeps ! ,demos-life ) f> va/] projects & purposes4 ,"s "t or o!r to e man mu/ come ! consci\sness ( ?is va/] life4 ,! true ,democracy1 :]e9 ?is l>g] life w rule society f )9--obviat+ ! ne$ ( an ext]nal gov]nm5t--& 9 :i* all *>act]s & qualities w be recognis$ & h _! fre$om1 waits 7a hidd5 b necess>y result ( evolution7 9 ! con/itution ( human nature itself4 ,9 ! pre-,civilisation p]iod ^! vex$ que/ions ( morals practically did n exi/2 simply because 9 t p]iod ! individual 0 "o ) 8 tribe & mov$ 7unconsci\sly7 by ! l>g] life ( 8 tribe4 ,& 9 ! po/-,civilisation p]iod1 :5 ! true ,democracy is realis$1 !y w n exi/1 because !n ! man w "k himself a "p ( humanity at l>ge1 & w be consci\sly mov$ by =ces belong+ to ^! va/] regions ( 8 be+4 ,! moral codes & que/ion+s belong to ,civilisation1 !y are "p ( ! =w>d ef=t1 ! /ruggle1 ! suff]+1 & ! tempor>y ali5ation f true life1 :i* t t]m implies4#ch ,,footnotes3 #cd ,yet !re is no d\bt t la/+ & passionate love may exi/ betwe5 two p]sons ?us ne>ly relat$4 ,! dang] to ! heal? ( ! (fspr+ f occasional 9-bre$+ ( ! k9d appe>s to arise *iefly f ! acc5tuation ( infirmities common to ! two p>5ts4 ,9 a /ate ( society free f ! diseases ( ! civilisation-p]iod1 su* a dang] w\ld be greatly r$uc$4 #ce ,mod]n writ]s fix+ _! reg>d on ! physical side ( ?is love 7necess>y no d\bt "h1 z else:]e1 to def9e & corroborate ! spiritual7 h ent]$ _! prote/ z aga9/ ! m]e obsc5ity into :i* ! ?+ fell--= in/ance 9 ! days ( ,m>tial--b h miss$ ! pr(\nd significance ( ! h]oic atta*m5t itself4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ) ! ideals t we are j n[ conc]n$ & n ) _! dis9tegration4 #cf ,9 ! lat] ,egyptian c5turies vivisection app>5tly became an approv$ practice4 #cg ,! d]ivation ( ! ^w wick$ seems unc]ta94 ,may x be sugge/$ t x is connect$ ) wick or quick1 mean+ alive8 #ch ,= fur!r on ! same subject see ! la/ *apt]1 infra1 on ,! ,new ,morality4 ,,exfoliation ,creation's incessant unre/1 exfoliation4 ,,:itman4 ,i ?9k x may p]haps be agre$1 once = all1 t ! human m9d is incapable ( really def9+ ev5 ! smalle/ fact ( nature4 ,! simple/ ?+1 or ev5t1 baffles u at ! la/4 ,x is l try+ to look at ! front & back ( a mirror at ! same "t4 ,! utmo/ squ9t+ avails n4 ,! ego & ! non-ego dance elud+ ?r\gh creation4 ,to cat* !m bo? 9 any mortal object & p9 !m !re1 surpasses our p[]s4 ,& yet !y are !re4 ,montaigne quotes some:]e ! words ( ,s4 ,augu/9e3 ,modus quo corporibus adha]5t spiritus 444 omn9o mirus e/1 nec compreh5di ab hom9e pote/2 et hoc ipse homo e/4 ,! mann] :]eby spirits adh]e to bodies is altoge!r wond]ful1 & _c be conceiv$ ( by m52 & yet ?is is man4 ,man himself conta9s1 or r is1 ! reconcilem5t ( ?is & numb]less o!r contradictions4 ,we actually e day p]=m & exhibit miracles :i* ! m5tal "p ( u is utt]ly p[]less to grapple )4 ,yet ! solution1 ! intellig5t solution & und]/&+ ( !m is 9 u2 only x involves a high] ord] ( consci\sness ?an we usually deal )--a consci\sness possibly :i* includes & transc5ds ! ego & ! non-ego1 & s c envisage bo? at ! same "t & equally--a f\r?-dim5sional consci\sness to ^: gaze ! int]iors ( solid bodies are expos$ l m]e surfaces--a consci\sness to ^: p]ception "s usual anti!ses l cause & effect1 matt] & _s1 pa/ & future1 simply d n exi/4 ,i say ^! high] ord]s ( consci\sness are 9 u wait+ = _! evolution2 &1 until !y evolve1 we are p[]less really to und]/& any?+ ( ! _w ar\nd u4 ,mean:ile1 s9ce we mu/ h =mul & g5]alisations to ?9k by1 we are fa9 to accept our local views1 & look on ! _w f ?is side or f t4 ,sometimes we are ideali/s1 sometimes we are mat]iali/s2 sometimes we believe 9 me*anics1 sometimes 9 human or spiritual =ces4 ,! sci5ce ( ! la/ fifty ye>s has1 z po9t$ out 9 a prec$+ pap]1 look$ at ?+s m f ! me*anical ?an ! di/9ctively human side--f ! po9t ( view ( ! non-ego1 r ?an ( ! ego4 ,react+ f an extreme t5d5cy t[>ds a subjective view ( ph5om5a1 :i* *>act]is$ ! old] speculations1 & fe>+ to be sway$ by a k9d ( p>tiality t[>ds himself1 ! mod]n sci5ti/ has endeav\r$ to remove ! human & consci\s elem5t f 8 obs]vations ( ,nature4 ,& he has done valuable "w 9 ?is way--b ( c\rse has be5 betray$ into a correspond+ n>r[ness4 ,9 fact ! ma9 sci5tific doctr9e ( ! day1 ,evolution1 is obvi\sly suff]+ f ?is treatm5t1 & ! foll[+ rem>ks are m]ely a few notes by way ( sugge/ion ( "s ?+s :i* may be said on its m specially human side4 ,= s9ce ea* man is a "p ( nature1 & 9 t s5se a "p also ( ! evolution-process1 8 own subjective exp]i5ce ought at lea/ to ?r[ "s light on ! conditions "u :i* evolution takes place1 & to contribute some?+ t[>ds an und]/&+ ( ! problem4 ,if ! "q is3 ,:at is ! cause ( ,v>iation among animals8 "s approximation t[>ds an answ] ought to be got by ea* p]son ask+ himself1 ,:y d ,i v>y8 ,:y--he might say--am ,i a diff]5t p]son f :at ,i 0 t5 ye>s ago1 or :5 ,i 0 a boy8 ,:y h ,i v>i$ 9 "o direction & my bro!rs & si/]s f ! same ne/ 9 o!r directions8 ,?\gh my individual consci\sness only cov]s ! small gr\nd ( my own life1 & does n ext5d back to t ( my fa!r or =w>d to t ( my son1 /ill ! intimate k t ,i h ( ! =ces act+ on me dur+ t %ort p]iod may help me to an und]/&+ ( ! =ces t br+ ab\t ! modification ( m5 & animals at l>ge1 & ! discov]y ( "s laws ( my own gr[? may reveal to me ! laws ( race-gr[?4 ,9 answ] to su* a "q1 x w\ld spe$ily appe> t !re 7 two g5]al causes det]m9+ direction ( *ange or gr[? 9 ! individual1 :i* might be conv5i5tly di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r--an ext]nal & an int]nal4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! suppos$ p]son might say1 ,ext]nal conditions =c$ me along ^! l9es4 ,my fa!r 0 a t[n artisan1 b he appr5tic$ me to a f>m]4 ,i grew up a f>m]'s boy1 & became an agricultural type z y see4 ,i did n p>ticul>ly c>e = f>m+1 sometimes inde$ ,i w\ld h be5 glad to be out ( x2 b practically ,i succumb$ to circum/ances1 & "h ,i am4 ,b 9 ! second place he might answ] ?us3--,my fa!r 0 himself a f>m]2 ,i 0 e>ly us$ to ! craft1 & %\ld no d\bt h gr[n up 9 x1 _h ,i n hat$ x l poison4 ,i lov$ music1 broke away f home1 jo9$ a b&1 got on ! musical /aff ( a small !atre1 & am n[ a pr(essional musician4 ,my frame is comp>atively slight1 & my h&s are ( ! n]v\s type1 z y see4 ,( c\rse1 ,i h "s ( ! old agricultural /ock left 9 me1 b ,i feel t t is dy+ out4 ,! "o cause w\ld be a *ange ( ext]nal conditions1 =c+ ! man to accommodate himself to !m2 ! o!r w\ld be a *ange ( int]nal conditions1 an inw>d gr[?1 express+ itself fir/ 9 ! =m ( an int5se desire1 & compell+ ! man to *ange himself & probably also 8 environm5t 9 ob$i5ce to x4 ,two su* g5]al sets ( causes1 ,i say1 c\ld be r\ghly di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r2 & probably inde$ are recognis$ less or m di/9ctly by ev]yone z act+ to modify 8 life4 ,nor c ! life ( a man at any "t be said to be rul$ by "o ( ^! =ces alone4 ,no man is modifi$ by ext]nal conditions alone1 )\t any play or reaction ( inn] ne$s & desires & gr[? f )92 nor is any man trans=m$ 9 ob$i5ce to an inn] expansion )\t sundry lets & h9drances f )\t4 ,! two =ces are 9 con/ant play ^u "o ano!r2 b 9 "s ways t w\ld appe> to be ! m important :i* proce$s f ! ,man 7or creature7 himself1 s9ce ?is is obvi\sly vital & organic to him1 & !re=e ! mo/ consi/5t & reliable factor 9 8 modification1 :ile ! ext]nal =ce--aris+ f v>i\s & remote causes--mu/ r be reg>d$ z discont9u\s & accid5tal4 ,i propose1 !re=e1 9 ^! few pages to consid] especially ?is inn] =ce produc+ modification 9 man & animals--to try & f9d out ( :at nature x is1 :at is ! law1 & :at are ! limits ( its action--premis+ always1 z already sugge/$1 t ?is di/9ction betwe5 inn] & out]1 :i* is conv5i5t & easy to h&le on c]ta9 planes ( ?\ght1 may ultimately1 & 9 ! la/ resort1 prove v difficult or ev5 impossible to ma9ta94 ,x is (t5 said by ,biologi/s t function prec$es organisation--t is1 man fights ) 8 fell[s be=e he makes weapons to fight )2 ! rudim5t>y animal dige/s food 7z 9 ! case ( ! amoeba7 be=e x acquires a /oma* or organ ( dige/ion2 x sees or is s5sitive to light be=e x gr[s an eye2 9 society lett]s are c>ri$ by private h&s be=e an organis$ po/al sy/em is creat$4 ,su* facts prop]ly consid]$ are ( vital importance4 ,!y %[ u1 z x 7 by a sign-po/1 ! direction ( creation4 ,!y %[ h[ any new ?+ or modification ( an old ?+ may come into be+4 ,!y may be supplem5t$ by a second /atem5t--namely t desire prec$es function4 ,t is1 man desires to injure 8 fell[ be=e he actually fights ) him2 he exp]i5ces ! wi% to communicate ) di/ant fri5ds be=e ev] he ?9ks ( s5d+ su* a ?+ z a lett]2 ! amoeba craves = food fir/1 & circumv5ts its prey aft]w>ds4 ,desire1 or inw>d *ange1 comes fir/1 action foll[s1 & organisation or outw>d /ructure is ! result4 ,9 man ?is ord] ( creation1 if x may s be call$1 i4e41 f )9 outw>ds1 is v m>k$4 ,:5ev] a man creates any?+ new he pursues x2 :5 he builds a h\se1 = in/ance1 or composes a poem or piece ( music1 or designs an ,alp9e tunnel1 or :atev] x may be4 ,! ord] seems to be3 fir/1 a feel+--a dim want or desire2 !n ! feel+ becomes consci\s ( itself1 takes %ape 9 ?\ght2 ! ?\ght becomes m def9$ & issues 9 a di/9ct plan2 ! plan is committ$ to pap]1 models are made1 etc42 & f9ally ! actual "w is begun & complet$4 ,! process appe>s z a movem5t f )9 outw>ds--! e>lie/ & mo/ au!ntic disc]nible s\rce ( ! movem5t be+ a feel+--7?\gh !re may lie some?+ beh9d t74 ,ev5 9 ord9>y action ! same ord] is manife/2 =1 ?\gh ( c\rse e action is n prec$$ by desire--s9ce we "k t actions soon become habitual & m or less unconsci\s--/ill a va/ numb] ( !m are imm$iately s prec$$2 & 9 ! case ( any action t is new1 ei!r to ! individual or to ! race1 its inception is g5]ally accompani$ by ef=t s pa9ful t x w\ld n be ex]t$ unless ! desire 7 v /rong4 ,! difficulty :i* a man exp]i5ces 9 le>n+ any new art1 & ! records ( ! _m failures1 /ruggles1 oppositions1 p]secutions1 etc41 :i* h att5d$ e new inv5tion or innovation ( any k9d 9 human hi/ory1 af=d pl5ty ( evid5ce ( ?is la/ po9t4 ,c]ta9ly ! ef=t t accompanies a new action is n always fac$ s mu* f %e] desire ( ! new ?+ itself z f fe> p]haps ( some?+ else--z x may be cont5d$ t monkeys did n take to climb+ trees because !y lov$ trees1 b because !y fe>$ ! bea/s bel[1 or t ! giraffe did n /ret* its neck because x p>ticul>ly desir$ to fe$ on leaves1 z because x c\ld n get food any o!r way--b /ill1 ev5 9 ^! cases ! desire may be said to exi/1 ?\gh x is second>y--be+ f\nd$ ^u ano!r & m elem5t>y desire--! desire namely ( escap+ pa9 or obta9+ food4 ,9 ei!r case a desire ( "s k9d is a prec$5t condition ( ! new action4 ,& s z we "k ( no case ( a new action com+ into play )\t be+ prec$$ by desire1 we seem to be ju/ifi$ 9 suppos+ t all our actions :5 !y 7 fir/ initiat$ 79 our =efa!rs1 if n 9 ourselves7 7 s prec$$4 ,if ?is is s1 !n1 s9ce function is always prec$$ by desire1 & organisation is prec$$ by function1 organisation mu/ necess>ily be prec$$ by desire4 ,& if ?is is ! ord] ( creation 9 man1 %\ld we n reasonably look 9 ?is direction = ! key to ! v>iation ( animals & ! ord] ( creation 9 g5]al8#ci ,if a f>m]'s son is occasionally born :o hates f>m+ & loves music1 & :o ultimately ?r\gh ! =ce ( 8 desire 7driv+ him into oppositions & difficulties & p5uri\s /ruggles7 trans=ms himself into a musician1 is x n also likely t occasionally an animal is born :o hates ! cu/oms ( 8 tribe1 & at la/ 7also ?r\gh /ruggles7 trans=ms himself into some?+ else8 ,ev5 if he does n succe$ 7! animal7 9 entirely trans=m+ himself1 he likely transmits ! desire 9 "s degree to 8 desc5dants1 & ! trans=mation is ?us c>ri$ on & complet$ lat]4 ,= ev]y:]e among ! animals !re is desire1 ( "s k9d or ano!r1 obvi\sly act+2 & if 9 man1 by our own exp]i5ce1 desire is ! precursor & fir/ expression ( gr[?1 is !re any reason :y x %\ld n also be s among animals8 ,lam>ck gives ! in/ance--among o!rs--( a ga/]opod2 h[ ! ne$ or desire ( t\*+ bodies 9 front ( x z x crawl$ along w\ld result 9 ! =mation ( t5tacles4 ,! ga/]opod1 he says1 w\ld keep mak+ ef=ts to feel ) ! front ( its head1 & ! det]m9ation ( consci\sness t way w\ld be accompani$ by a supply ( n]v\s & o!r fluids1 :i* w\ld n\ri% ! "p & cause gr[? !re--! =m ( ! gr[? cont9u+ 9 ! same way to be det]m9$ by ne$--till at la/ two or m t5tacles w\ld appe>4 ,true1 ! inw>d det]m9ations ( consci\sness may n be s vivid & v>i$ 9 animals z !y are 9 m52 b !y are p]si/5t1 & by ! v cumulative =ce ( habit :i* is s /rong 9 animals1 mu/ at l5g? p5etrate d[n ?r\gh function into organisation & ext]nal =m4 ,:o %all say t ! l>k1 by ! m]e love ( so>+ & s++ 9 ! face ( ! sun1 has n alt]$ ! %ape ( its w+s1 or t ! =ms ( ! %>k or ( ! gazelle are n ! long-/or$ results ( "* lean+ always 9 c]ta9 directions1 z mu* z ! =ms ( ! mis] or ! lib]t9e are among m58 ,su* modification z ?is is v diff]5t f ! survival ( ! fitte/ ( ! ,d>w9ian evolution !ory4 ,we may fairly suppose t bo? k9ds ( modification take place2 b ! latt] is a sort ( easy success won by an ext]nal accid5t ( bir?--a success ( ! k9d t w\ld readily be lo/ aga92 :ile ! =m] is ! uphill fight ( a nature t has gr[n inw>dly & w9s expression = itself 9 spite ( ext]nal ob/acles--an expression :i* !re=e is likely to be p]man5t4 ,if ! prog5itors ( man took to go+ upright on two legs in/ead ( on all f\rs1 m]ely because a few ( !m by *ance 7 born ) a tal5t = t position1 :i* enabl$ !m to escape ! fang$ & pursu+ bea/s1 !n :5 ?is dang] 0 remov$ !y might h plump$ d[n aga9 into ! old attitude2 b if ! *ange 0 "p & p>cel ( a true evolution1 ! fulfilm5t ( a positive desire = ! upright position1 a true unfold+ ( a high] =m lat5t )9--an organic gr[? ( ! creature itself1 !n1 ?\gh ! mom5t ( ! evolution ( ?is p>ticul> faculty might be det]m9$ by ! fang$ bea/s1 ! fact ( su* evolution c\ld n be det]m9$ by !m4 ,besides1 are we to suppose t ,man1 ! "l & rul] ( ! animals1 came m]ely by way ( escape f ! animals8 ,d lords & rul]s g5]ally come s8 ,0 x fe> t made him a man8 ,7 x n likeli] t 9 t case he w\ld h turn$ into a worm8 ,he w\ld h escap$ bett] p]haps t way4 ,is x n r probable t x 0 "s nobl] p[] t work$ trans=m+--"s dim desire & prevision ( a m p]fect =m1 ! desire itself be+ ! fir/ consci\sness ( ! urge ( gr[? 9 t direction--t prompt$ him to pu% 9 ! "o direction r ?an ! o!r :5 he _h to hold 8 own aga9/ ! tig]s8 ,9 fact is x n ?us to-day1 :5 a man has to meet dang]1 t ! ideal :i* he has )9 him det]m9es h[ he %all meet t dang]1 & o!rs l x1 & s ultimately det]m9es ! :ole attitude & c>riage ( 8 body8 ,on ! :ole !n1 judg+ f man himself 7& x seems mo/ cauti\s & sci5tific to d]ive our ma9 evid5ce f ! be+ t we are be/ acqua9t$ )71 x c]ta9ly seems to me t1 ?\gh ! ext]nal conditions are a v important factor 9 ,v>iation1 ! c5tral explanation ( ?is ph5om5on %\ld be s\ght 9 an inn] law ( ,gr[?--a law ( expansion m or less common to all animate nature4 ,p>tly because1 z said be=e1 ! unfold+ ( ! creature f its own ne$s & inw>d nature is an organic process1 & likely to be p]si/5t1 :ile its modification by ext]nal causes mu/ be m or less =tuit\s & accid5tal & sometimes 9 "o direction & sometimes 9 ano!r2 p>tly also because ! movem5t f )9 outw>ds seems to be mo/ l ! law ( creation 9 g5]al4 ,"u ?is view ! ext]nal conditions w\ld be consid]$ a second>y--?\gh important cause ( modification2 & reg>d$ r z ! influ5ces t give =m & detail to ! great primal impulse ( gr[? f )92 :ile ! creature's own +5uity & good luck w\ld occupy ! gr\nd betwe5 ! two--z ! means :]eby ! ext]nal conditions 9 ea* individual case w\ld be turn$ to acc\nt to satisfy ! inn] ne$s1 or ! inn] life w\ld be accommodat$ to ! ext]nal conditions4 ,if we take ! ext]nal view ( ,v>iation--:i* is ! "o mo/ fav\r$ by mod]n sci5ce--modification or race-gr[? appe>s z an unconsci\s or accretive process1 simil> to ! =mation ( a coral reef4 ,!re is no l9e ( gr[? native 9 ! race itself1 b at any mom5t x is suppos$ to h an equal t5d5cy to v>y 9 any direction4 ,surr\nd+ conditions act selectively2 & by a process ( we$+ out c]ta9 types survive2 small successive modifications are ?us accumulat$2 & gradually & 9 ! lapse ( ages a m pliable & diff]5tiat$ creature1 & m adaptable to a v>iety ( conditions1 is produc$--9 :om h[ev] m9d is incid5tal1 & has play$ b small "p 9 ! creature's evolution4 ,?is 9 ! ma9 is ! ,d>w9ian-evolution !ory4 ,if we take ! int]nal view1 gr[? is f ! fir/ em95tly consci\s4 ,e *ange beg9s 9 ! m5tal region--is felt fir/ z a desire gradually tak+ =m into ?\ght1 passes d[n into ! bodily region1 expresses itself 9 action 7m or less dep5d5t on conditions71 & f9ally solidifies itself 9 organisation & /ructure4 ,! process is n accretive1 b exfoliatory--a cont9ual movem5t f )9 outw>ds4 ,:5 ! desire or m5tal condition1 :i* at fir/ 0 pa9fully consci\s1 has ov]come opposition & e/abli%$ itself 9 alt]$ bodily /ructure1 x has done its "w1 & becomes unconsci\s--! bodily function cont9u+ = a long p]iod to act automatically1 till f9ally x is ?r[n (f to make room = "s lat] developm5t4 ,?us race-gr[? or ,v>iation is a process by :i* *ange beg9s 9 ! m5tal region1 passes into ! bodily region :]e x becomes organis$1 & f9ally is ?r[n (f l a husk4 ,?is may be call$ ! !ory ( ,exfoliation4 ,to illu/rate our mean+4 ,let u take ! developm5t ( an eye4 ,9 ! amoeba !re is a dim p]vasive s5sitiv5ess to light ov] ! :ole body1 b !re is no eye1 no?+ t we %\ld call vision4 ,/ill ?is vague s5sitiv5ess is ( use to ! amoeba4 ,! %ad[ ( its prey fall+ ^u ! creature & excit+ a s5sation h>dly yet diff]5tiat$ f t\* helps to guide its movem5ts4 ,on ?is dim s5sation x relies to "s ext5t2 its att5tion is direct$ t[>ds x4 ,gradually1 & 9 "s desc5dant =m1 !re comes to be a po9t on ! body on :i* ?is att5tion is mo/ specially conc5trat$4 ,! faculty is localis$2 & f t mom5t a *ange is effect$ !re1 a diff]5tiation & a special /ructure2 ev]y?+ t fav\rs s5sitiv5ess is enc\rag$ at t place1 ev]y?+ t dulls x is remov$2 & be=e long--!re is a rudim5t>y eye4 ,to-day we use our p]fect$ eyes1 & are h>dly consci\s t we are do+ s2 b e p[] ( vision t we h 0 ?us won = u by "s l[li] creature1 /ep by /ep1 ) ef=t & ) conc5tration4 ,or to take an illu/ration f society4 ,to-day society is ill at ease2 a dim feel+ ( discont5t p]vades all ranks & classes4 ,a new s5se ( ju/ice1 ( frat]nity1 has desc5d$ among u1 :i* is n satisfi$ ) m]e *att] ( dem& & supply4 ,= a long "t ?is new s5tim5t or desire rema9s vague & un=m$1 b at la/ x resolves itself into %ape2 x takes intellectual =m1 books are writt51 plans =m$2 !n aft] a "t def9ite new organisations1 = ! di/9ct purpose ( express+ ^! ideas1 beg9 to exi/ 9 ! body ( ! old society2 & be=e s v long ! :ole out] /ructure ( society w h be5 reorganis$ by !m4 ,aft] a few c5turies ! ideas = ^: realisation we n[ fight & /ruggle ) an int5se consci\sness w h become commonplace1 accept$ in/itutions1 m or less effete & ready to succumb be=e fre% m5tal bir?s tak+ place f )94 ,! mod]n evolution !ory w\ld ma9ta9 t among _m amoebas & desc5dant =ms1 "o w\ld at la/ by *ance be born hav+ ! usual s5sitiv5ess localis$ 9 a p>ticul> spot1 &1 surviv+ by =ce ( ?is advantage1 w\ld transmit ?is eye to its po/]ity2 or t 9 ! progress ( society1 new economic conditions hav+ aris51 t p w\ld prosp] be/ :i* mo/ effectually & rapidly adapt$ itself to !m4 ,b ?\gh !re is d\btless tru? 9 ?is view1 yet x seems1 :5 all has be5 said1 to be inadequate & ev5 feeble2 x omits at lea/ "o half ( ! problem4 ,if we look at ourselves1 z already po9t$ out1 we see ! two =ces--! inn] & ! out]--act+ & re-act+ on ea* o!r4 ,may x n be s 9 animals8 ,lam>ck1 poorly (f1 bl9d1 d]id$1 0 a true poet4 ,animals v>y f l[ & primitive types *iefly by d9t ( wi%+--& ! _w laugh$ & /ill laughs4 ,b x 0 8 deep sympa?y ev5 ) ! worms & insects 7:i* he /udi$ till he c\ld disc]n !m ) 8 mortal eyes no long]7 t l$ ,lam>ck to see ! human nature & ! human laws t mov$ )9 !m2 & z 8 outw>d sight grew dim !re arose be=e him ! inw>d vision ( ! true relation%ip :i* b9ds toge!r all liv+ creatures--:i* 0 inde$ a vision ( div9e ?+s1 & z diff]5t f ! m]e me*anism-!ory ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ z ! sight ( ! />ry heav5s is diff]5t f a gov]ness's lesson on ! use ( ! globes4 ,on ! !ory ( ,exfoliation1 :i* 0 practically ,lam>ck's !ory1 !re is a =ce at "w ?r\gh\t creation1 ev] urg+ ea* type onw>d into new & new] =ms4 ,?is =ce appe>s fir/ 9 consci\sness 9 ! =m ( desire4 ,)9 ea* %ape ( life sleep ne$s & wants )\t numb]1 f ! l[e/ & simple/ to ! mo/ complex & ideal4 ,z ea* new desire or ideal is evolv$1 x br+s ! creature into conflict ) its surr\nd+s1 !n ga9+ its satisfaction ext]nalises itself 9 ! /ructure ( ! creature1 & leaves ! way op5 = ! bir? ( a new ideal4 ,if !n we w\ld f9d a key to ! und]/&+ ( ! expansion & gr[? ( all animate creation1 su* a key may exi/ 9 ! nature ( desire itself & ! compreh5sion ( its real mean+4 ,x is n c]ta9 t x c be f\nd "h2 b x may be4 ,:at !n is desire 9 ,man8 ,"h we come back aga91 z sugge/$ at ! outset1 to ,man himself4 ,?\gh we see pretty cle>ly t desire is at "w 9 ! animals1 & t x is ! same 9 k9d z exi/s 9 man1 /ill1 among ! animals x is b dim & in*oate1 :ile 9 man x is develop$ & lum9\s2 9 ourselves1 too1 we "k x imm$iately1 :ile 9 ! animals only by inf]5ce4 ,= bo? reasons1 !re=e1 if we want to "k ! nature ( desire--ev5 to "k its nature among animals--we %\ld /udy x 9 ,man4 ,:at !n is ?is desire 9 ,man1 :i* seems to be ! in/igation & orig9 ( all 8 gr[? & developm5t8 ,at fir/ x seems a hydra-head$ s5seless ?+ )\t rhyme or reason2 b ! m "o reg>ds x ! m cle>ly "o sees t ev5 9 its l[e/ =ms x is /eadily build+ up & lib]at+ all ! functions ( ! human be+4 ,9 its mo/ p]fect =m--z 9 :at we call ,love--x is ! sum & solution ( human activities1 t 9 :i* !y conv]ge1 = :i* !y all exi/1 & )\t :i* !y w\ld be consid]$ useless4 ,! m y look into ?is matt]1 ! pla9] x becomes4 ,! less] desires--! self-pres]vation desires--hung]1 ?ir/1 ! desire ( p[]--exi/1 b :5 !y are satisfi$ !y empty !mselves into ?is "o2 !y f9d _! int]pretation 9 x4 ,! o!r desires are no?+ by !mselves--! mo/ absorb+1 av>ice1 ambition1 desire ( k1 tak5 alone1 /ultify !mselves--b love p]petuates itself2 x is a flame :i* uses all ! re/ z its fuel4 ,& ?is ,love1 :i* is ! culm9ation ( desire1 does x n appe> to u z a wor%ip ( & desire = ! human =m8 ,9 our bodies a desire = ! bodily human =m2 9 our int]ior selves a p]ception & wor%ip ( an ideal human =m1 ! revelation ( a ,spl5d\r dwell+ 9 o!rs1 :i*--cl\d$ & dimm$ z x inevitably may come to be--rema9s aft] all "o ( ! mo/ real1 p]haps ! mo/ real1 ( ! facts ( exi/5ce8 ,desire1 !re=e--z x exi/s 9 man1 look at x h[ y w--z x unfolds & its ultimate aim becomes cle>] & cle>] to itself1 is se5 to be ! desire & long+ = ! deliv]ance & expression ( ! real human ,be+4 ,may x n1 mu/ x n1 be ! same ?+ 9 animals & all ?r\gh creation8 ,beg9n+ 9 ! mo/ elem5t>y & dim %apes1 does x n gr[ ?r\gh all ! /ages ( organic life cle>] & m & m p[]ful1 till at la/ x atta9s to self-consci\sness 9 humanity & becomes av[$ly ! lead+ factor 9 our developm5t8 ,! desire :i* runs ?r\gh creation is "o desire4 ,rudim5t>y at fir/ & h>dly consci\s ( itself1 ?r[+ out a t5tacle "h1 a foot !re1 develop+ an eye1 a claw1 a no/ril1 a w+1 x seeks 9 innum]able %apes & ) ev] p>tial success to realise ! image x has dimly conceiv$4 ,! animal k+dom is ! gymnasium1 ! s*ool1 ! ante*amb]1 ( humanity2 to walk ?r\gh a zoological g>d5 is to see ! in*oate types ( man1 p]*$ on bran*es1 or br[s+ grass1 or bor+ holes 9 ! gr\nd2 x is to witness a gr& rehe>sal ( "s /up5d\s "p1 ^: "* we d n ev5 yet fully see or und]/&4 ,f su* half-consci\s beg9n+s ! desire gr[s1 its aim becomes cle>]1 till 9 ! high] animals--! horse1 ! dog1 ! elephant1 ! bird1 & _m o!rs--x becomes a m>k$ & unmi/akable =ce draw+ !m close to man1 unit+ !m to him 9 a k9d ( ackn[l$g$ k9%ip1 & z obvi\sly at "w modify+ _! /ructure z c be4 ,f9ally 9 man himself x becomes an absorb+ p[]2 love becomes a consci\s wor%ip ( ! div9e =m2 g5]ation itself is ! means :]eby1 9 "t1 ! supreme object ( desire is realis$4 ,:5 at la/ ! p]fect ,man appe>s1 ! key to all nature is f\nd1 e creature falls into its place & f9ds its ,int]pret]1 & ! purpose ( creation is at la/ made manife/4 ,! ,!ory ( ,exfoliation !n diff]s f t v specialis$ =m ( ,evolution :i* has be5 adopt$ by mod]n sci5ce1 9 ?is p>ticul> among o!rs3 t x fixes ! att5tion on t :i* appe>s la/ 9 ord] ( ,"t1 z ! mo/ important 9 ord] ( causation1 r ?an on t :i* appe>s fir/2 & recalls to u ! fact t (t5 9 any succession ( ph5om5a1 t :i* is fir/ 9 ord] ( prec$5ce & importance is ! la/ to be ext]nalis$4 ,?us 9 ! gr[? ( a plant we f9d leaf aft] leaf appe>+1 petal )9 petal--a cont9ual exfoliation ( husks1 sepals1 petals1 /am5s & :at-n2 b ! object ( all ?is movem5t1 & t :i* 9 a s5se sets x all 9 motion1 namely ! se$1 is ! v la/ ?+ ( all to be manife/$4 ,or :5 a volcano breaks out--fir/ ( all we h a crack+ & upheaval ( sup]ficial lay]s ( gr\nd1 !n ( lay]s bel[ ^!1 !n ! outfl[ ( lava1 & la/ ( all ! upru% ( ! inn] fires & =ces :i* set x all ago+4 ,:at appe>s fir/ 9 "t1 or 9 ! out] _w is--9 ! case ( ! build+ ( a h\se1 ! mak+ ( bricks2 9 ! case ( ! fl[]1 ! out]mo/ bracts2 9 ! case ( a volcano1 ! /irr+ ( ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 & 9 ! case ( ,life on ! ,e>?1 ! appe>ance ( protoplasms & primordial cells4 ,! bricks are n ! cause ( ! h\se 7if inde$ ! ^w cause %\ld be us$ "h at all7 b r ! h\se--or ! conception ( ! h\se--is ! cause ( ! bricks2 & ! cells are n ! orig9 ( ,man1 b ,man is ! orig9al ( ! cells4 ,! rationale ( sea-anemones & mud-fi% & fly+ foxes & elephants has to be look$ = 9 man3 he alone und]lies !m4 ,& man is n a v]tebrate because 8 ance/ors 7 v]tebrate2 b ! animals are v]tebrate1 because or 9 s f> z !y are =]unn]s & (f%oots ( ,man4 ,x has be5 frequ5tly said t great mat]ial *anges are succe$$ by intellectual & f9ally by moral revolutions--z ! conque/s ( ,alex&] pass$ on into ! lit]>y expansion ( ! ,alex&rian s*ools & !nce into ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 or z ! me*anical developm5ts ( our own "t h be5 foll[$ by imm5se lit]>y & sci5tific activities1 & are obvi\sly pass+ ov] n[ into a great social reg5]ation2 b a reconsid]ation ( ! matt] might1 ,i take x1 lead u n s mu* to look on ! lat] *anges z caus$ by ! e>li]1 z to look on ! e>li] z ! indications & fir/ outw>d & visible signs ( ! com+ ( ! lat]4 ,:5 a man feels 9 himself ! upheaval ( a new moral fact1 he sees pla9ly en\gh t t fact _c come into ! actual _w all at once--n )\t fir/ a de/ruction ( ! exi/+ ord] ( society--su* a de/ruction z makes him feel satanic2 !n an intellectual revolution2 & la/ly only1 a new ord] embody+ ! new impulse4 ,:5 ?is new impulse has ?or\ghly mat]ialis$ itself1 !n aft] a "t w come ano!r inw>d bir?1 & simil> *anges w be pass$ ?r\gh aga94 ,s x might be said t ! "w ( ea* age is n to build on ! pa/1 b to rise out ( ! pa/ & ?r[ x (f2 only ( c\rse 9 su* matt]s :]e all =ms ( ?\ght are inadequate x is h>d to say t "o way ( look+ at ! subject is tru] ?an ano!r4 ,z be=e1 we %\ld endeav\r to look at ! ?+ f diff]5t sides4 ,we are oblig$ to use images to ?9k by--e4g4 ! op5+ ( a fl[] or ! accretive gr[? ( a coral reef--& possibly x w\ld save a good deal ( tr\ble if we did n disguise by long words ! tru? t all our !ories 9 sci5ce & philosophy are simply metaphors ( ?is k9d--b ! fact /ill lies beh9d & bel[ !m4 ,p]haps1 if we are to use ! ^w ,cause at all1 we %\ld d well to use x 9 ! old s5se 9 :i* ! f9al cause & ! effici5t cause are "o 7! eidos ( ,ari/otle7--to use x n s mu* to l9k ph5om5a or ext]nals to ea* o!r z to l9k ea* ph5om5on 9 a gr\p to ! ?\ght or feel+ :i* und]lies t gr\p4 ,! notes 9 ! ,dead ,m>* 9 ,saul1 = in/ance4 ,we _c say t "o note is ! cause ( ano!r1 b we might say t ea* note /&s 9 a causal subord9ation to ! feel+ :i* inspir$ ! piece--:i* is ! orig9 ( ! piece & ! result ( its p]=mance--! alpha & omega ( x4 ,simil>ly1 ! gr\nd floor 9 a h\se is n ! cause ( ! fir/ floor1 nor ! fir/ floor ( ! second floor1 nor t ( ! ro(2 b ^! actualities & ! :ole h\se itself /& 9 /rict relation%ip to a m5tal some?+ :i* is n 9 ! same plane ) !m at all1 nor an actuality 9 ! same s5se4 ,accord+ to ?is view ! notion t "o configuration ( atoms or bodies det]m9es ! next configuration turns out to be illusive4 ,bo? configurations are det]m9$ by a ?ird some?+ :i* does n belong to q ! same ord] ( exi/5ce z ! said atoms or bodies4 ,*ance laws ( succession may d\btless be f\nd among physical ev5ts1 & are valuable = practical purposes1 b at any mom5t--ow+ to _! sup]ficiality--!y may fail4 ,?us1 an insect obs]v+ ! expansion ( ! petals ( a *rysan!mum might frame a law ( _! ord] ( succession 9 size & col\r1 :i* w\ld be valid = a "t1 b w\ld fail entirely :5 ! /am5s appe>$4 ,or1 to take ano!r illu/ration1 physical sci5ce acts l a man try+ to f9d direct causal relations betwe5 ! v>i\s leaves ( a tree1 )\t fir/ f9d+ ! relations ( ^! to ! bran*es & trunk--& s solv+ ! problem indirectly4 ,x deals only ) ! surface ( ! _w ( ,man4 ,9 ?9k+ ab\t su* matt]s1 ,music1 z ,s*op5hau] %[s1 is wond]fully illu/rative1 because 9 creat+ music man recognises t he is creat+ a _w ( 8 own--ap>t f & n to be confus$ ) t o!r _w ( ,nature 79 :i* he does n recognise any ( 8 h&iwork74 ,suppos+ a non-musical p]son 7 to exam9e & analyse ! score ( a ,bee?ov5 symphony1 he w\ld be 9 ! same position z a man exam9+ & analys+ ,nature by purely sci5tific or intellectual me?ods4 ,he w\ld discov] ! recurr5ce ( c]ta9 gr\ps among ! notes1 he w\ld e/abli% laws ( _! sequ5ces1 w\ld make all k9ds ( curi\s g5]alisations ab\t !m1 & po9t out "s rem>kable exceptions1 w\ld ev5 v likely be able to pr$ict a b> or two ov] ! page2 8 treatise w\ld be v le>n$1 & f a c]ta9 po9t ( view int]e/+ also1 b h[ f> w\ld he be f any real und]/&+ ( 8 subject8 ,let him *ange 8 me?od3 let him tra9 8 e>1 let him he> ! symphony p]=m$1 ov] & ov]1 till he und]/&s its mean+ & kn[s x by he>t2 & !n he w "k at any rate some?+ ( :y ea* note is !re1 he w see its fitness & feel 9 himself ! law ( its occurr5ce1 & possibly 9 "s new case w be able to pr$ict sev]al b>s ov] ! page6 ,! symphony is n und]/ood by exam9ation & comp>ison ( ! notes alone1 b by exp]i5ce ( _! relation to deepe/ feel+s2 & ,nature is n expla9$ by laws1 b by its becom+--or r be+ felt to be--! body ( ,man2 m>vell\s int]pret] & symbol ( 8 inw>d be+4 ,!re is a k9d ( k or consci\sness 9 u--z ( our bodily p>ts1 or affections1 or deep-seat$ m5tal beliefs--:i* =ms ! base ( our m obvi\s & self-consci\s ?\ght4 ,?is sy/emic k gr[s ev5 :ile ! bra9 sleeps4 ,x is n by any means absolute or infallible1 b x af=ds1 at any mom5t 9 man's hi/ory1 ! axiomatic gr\nd on :i* 8 ?\ght-/ructures1 sci5tific & o!r1 are built4 ,?us ! axioms ( ,euclid are "p ( our pres5t sy/emic k1 & af=d ! gr\nd ( all our geometry /ructures4 ,b z ! sy/emic consci\sness gr[s1 ! gr\nd %ifts & ! /ructures re>$ ^u x fall4 ,all our mod]n sci5ce1 = in/ance1 is f\nd$ on ! acceptation ( me*anical cause & effect z a basic fact ( consci\sness2 b :5 t base gives way ! entire /ructure w cave 91 & a new edifice w h to be re>$4 ,simil>ly1 :5 ! human =m becomes di/9ctly visible to u 9 ! animals--z an unavoidable "p ( our consci\sness--?is consci\sness w =m a new base or axiom = all our ?\ght on ! subject1 & ! !ory ( evolution1 z hi!rto conceiv$ by sci5ce1 w be entirely trans=m$4 ,?us1 al?\gh ! exp]im5tal inve/igatory coral-reef accretion me?od ( mod]n sci5ce is v valuable )9 its range1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! human m9d does n progress m ?an tempor>ily by ?is me?od--t its progression is a matt] ( gr[? f )91 & involves a cont9ual break+ away ( ! bases ( all ?\ght-/ructures2 s t1 :ile ?is latt]--i4e41 ! progression ( ! sy/emic consci\sness ( man--is necess>y & cont9u\s1 ! rise & fall ( 8 ?\ght-sy/ems is accid5tal1 s to speak1 & discont9u\s4 ,x is !n f9ally 9 ,man--9 our own deepe/ & mo/ vital exp]i5ce--t we h to look = ! key & explanation ( ! *anges t we see go+ on ar\nd u 9 ext]nal ,nature1 z we call x2 & our und]/&+ ( ! latt]1 & ( ,hi/ory1 mu/ ev] dep5d f po9t to po9t on ! exfoliation ( new facts 9 ! individual consci\sness4 ,r\nd ! ultimate disclosure ( ! ess5tial ,man all creation 7hi!rto groan+ & travail+ t[>ds t p]fect bir?7 ranges itself1 z x 71 l "s va/ fl[]1 9 conc5tric cycles2 rank beyond rank2 fir/ all social life & hi/ory1 !n ! animal k+dom1 !n ! vegetable & m9]al worlds4 ,& if ! out] circles h be5 ! fir/ 9 fact to %[ !mselves1 x is by ?is la/ disclosure t light is ultimately ?r[n on ! :ole plan2 &1 z 9 ! my? ( ! ,ed5-g>d51 ) ! appe>ance ( ! p]fect$ human =m t ! "w ( creation def9itely completes itself4 ,,footnote3 #ci ,?is does n1 ( c\rse1 preclude ! action ( ext]nal conditions1 or imply t organisation is det]m9$ by desire alone4 ,9 fact organisation may be reg>d$ z ! expression ( desire act+ "u conditions--z 9 ! cases ( ! monkey & giraffe above4 ,,cu/om ,:atev] is (f ! h+es ( cu/om is believ$ to be also (f ! h+es ( reason2 ?\gh h[ unreasonably1 = ! mo/ "p1 ,god kn[s4--,,montaigne4 ,e human be+ gr[s up inside a %ea? ( cu/om1 :i* enfolds x z ! swa?+ clo!s enfold ! infant4 ,! sacr$ cu/oms ( its e>ly home1 h[ fix$ & immutable !y appe> to ! *ild6 ,x surely ?9ks t all ! _w 9 all times has proce$$ on ! same l9es :i* b\nd its t9y life4 ,x reg>ds a brea* ( ^! rules 7"s ( !m at lea/7 z a wild /ep 9 ! d>k1 lead+ to unkn[n dang]s4 ,nev]!less its m5tal eyes h h>dly op5$ ere x p]ceives1 n )\t a %ock1 t :]eas 9 ! family d9+-room ! meat always prec$es ! pudd+1 bel[-/airs & 9 ! cottage ! pudd+ has a way ( com+ be=e ! meat2 t1 :]eas its fa!r puts ! manure on ! top ( 8 se$-potatoes 9 spr+1 8 neighbor inv>iably places 8 potatoes on top ( ! manure4 ,all its confid5ce 9 ! sanctity ( its home life & ! tru? ( ?+s is upset4 ,surely !re mu/ be a "r & a wrong way ( eat+ "o's d9n] or ( sett+ potatoes1 & surely1 if any "o1 fa!r or "m mu/ "k :at is "r4 ,! eld]s h always said 7& inde$ x seems only reasonable7 t by ?is "t ( day ev]y?+ has be5 s ?or\ghly work$ ov] t ! be/ me?ods ( ord]+ our life--food1 dress1 dome/ic practices1 social habits1 etc41 h long ago be5 det]m9$4 ,if s1 :y ^! div]g5cies 9 ! simple/ & mo/ obvi\s matt]s8 ,& !n o!r ?+s give way4 ,! sacr$ seem+-univ]sal cu/oms 9 :i* we 7 br$ turn out to be only ! practices ( a small & n>r[ class or ca/e2 or !y prove to be conf9$ to a v limit$ locality1 & mu/ be left beh9d :5 we set out on our travels2 or !y belong to ! t5ets ( a feeble religi\s sect2 or !y are j ! products ( "o age 9 hi/ory & no o!r4 ,& ! "q =ces itself ^u u1 ,are !re really no natural b\nd>ies8 has n our life any:]e be5 f\nd$ on reason & necessity1 b only on arbitr>y habit8 ,:at is m important ?an food1 yet 9 :at human matt] is !re m unacc\ntable div]g5ce ( practice8 ,! ,highl&] fl\ri%es on oatmeal1 :i* ! ,%effield ironwork] w\ld r />ve ?an eat2 ! fat snail :i* ! ,roman c\ntry g5tleman once s priz$ n[ crawls unmole/$ 9 ! ,gl\ce/]%ire peasant's g>d52 rabbits are taboo 9 ,g]many2 frogs are unspeakable 9 ,engl&2 sau]-kraut is dete/$ 9 ,france2 _m races & gangs ( p are q c]ta9 !y w\ld die if depriv$ ( meat1 o!rs ?9k spirits ( "s k9d a necessity1 :ile to o!rs aga9 bo? ^! ?+s are an abom9ation4 ,e c\ntry di/rict has its local practices 9 food1 & ! peasants look ) ! greate/ suspicion on any new di%1 & c r>ely be induc$ to adopt x4 ,?\gh x has be5 abundantly prov$ t _m ( ! ,briti% fungi are excell5t eat+1 su* is ! =ce ( cu/om t ! mu%room alone is ev] publicly recognis$1 :ile curi\sly en\gh x is said t 9 "s o!r c\ntries :]e ! claims ( o!r ag>ics are all[$ ! mu%room itself is n us$6 ,f9ally1 ,i feel myself 7& ! g5tle read] probably feels ! same7 t ,i w\ld r die ?an subsi/ on insects1 su* is ! deep-seat$ disgu/ we exp]i5ce t[>ds ?is class ( food4 ,yet x is notori\s t _m races ( respectable p adopt a diet ( ?is sort1 & only lately a book has be5 publi%$ giv+ details ( ! excell5t prov5d] ( ! k9d t we habitually ov]look--ta/y morsels ( cat]pill>s & beetles1 & s =?6 ,& inde$1 :5 "o comes to ?9k ( x1 :at c x be b prejudice :i* causes "o to eat ! p]iw9kle & reject ! l&-snail1 or to prize ! lively prawn & proscribe ! *e]ful gras%opp]8 ,x is useless to say t ^! local & o!r div]g5cies are root$ 9 ! necessities ( ! localities & times 9 :i* !y occur4 ,!y are no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y are m]e cu/oms1 p]haps gr[n orig9ally out ( "s necessity1 b n[ p]petuat$ f simple habit & inh]5t human laz9ess4 ,?is c p]haps be/ be illu/rat$ by go+ bel[ ! human to ! k+dom ( ! animals4 ,if cu/oms are /rong among m5 !y are f> /rong] among animals4 ,! %eep lives on grass1 ! cat lives on mice & o!r animal food4 ,& x is g5]ally assum$ t ! respective diets are ! mo/ natural 9 ea* case1 & ^? on :i* ! animals 9 "q w readie/ ?rive1 & inde$ t !y c\ld n well live on any o!r4 ,b no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,= cats c be br$ up to live on oatmeal & milk ) next to no meat2 & a %eep has be5 kn[n to get on v com=tably on a diet ( port w9e & mutton *ops6 ,dogs1 ^: natural food 9 ! wild /ate is ( ! animal k9d1 are und\bt$ly mu* heal?i] 7at any rate 9 ! dome/ic /ate7 :5 kept on f>9ace\s sub/ances ) little or no meat1 & inde$ !y take s k9dly to a vegetable diet t !y sometimes become p]fect nuisances 9 a g>d5--eat+ /rawb]ries1 gooseb]ries1 peas1 etc41 freely (f ! b$s :5 !y h once le>n$ ! habit4 ,any "o1 9 fact1 :o has kept _m pets kn[s :at an a/oni%+ v>iety ( food !y may be made to adopt1 ?\gh ea* animal 9 ! wild /ate has ! mo/ int5sely n>r[ prejudices on ! subject1 & w p]i% r ?an ov]/ep ! cu/oms ( its tribe4 ,?us pheasants w eat f]n-roots 9 w9t] :5 sn[ cov]s ! gr\nd1 b ! gr\se don't eat f]n-roots1 & die 9 consequ5ce4 ,a wolf ( an inquir+ turn ( m9d w\ld probably f9d /rawb]ries & peas z good food z a dog does1 b x is practically c]ta9 t any ord9>y memb] ( ! g5us w\ld p]i% 9 a g>d5 full ( ! same if depriv$ ( 8 cu/om>y bones4 ,all ?is seems to indicate :at an imm5sely important "p m]e cu/om plays 9 ! life ( m5 & animals4 ,! ma9 "p ( ! p[] :i* man acquires ov] ! animals dep5ds ^u 8 e/abli%+ habits 9 !m :i*1 once e/abli%$1 !y nev] ?9k ( violat+3 & ! almo/ insup]able nature ( ?is =ce 9 animals ?r[s back light on ! "p x plays 9 human life4 ,( c\rse1 ,i am n cont5d+ 9 ! above rem>ks ^u food t !re is no physiological diff]5ce betwe5 a dog & a %eep 9 ! matt] ( _! dige/ive organs1 & t ! "o is n by ! nature ( its body m fitt$ = "o k9d ( food ?an ! o!r2 b r t we %\ld n neglect ! importance ( m]e habit 9 su* matt]s4 ,cu/om *ang$ fir/2 ! *ange ( physiological /ructure foll[$ sl[ly aft]4 ,:at happ5$ 0 probably some?+ l ?is4 ,"s "t 9 ! f> back pa/ a gr\p ( animals1 driv5 p]haps by necessity1 took to hunt+ 9 packs 9 ! woods2 x develop$ a modifi$ physical /ructure 9 consequ5ce1 & special habits :i* 9 ! c\rse ( "t became deeply fix$ 9 ! race4 ,ano!r gr\p sav$ its life by tak+ to graz+4 ,grass is poor food2 b x 0 ! only *ance ?is gr\p _h1 & 9 "t x got s accu/om$ to eat+ grass t x c\ld n imag9e any o!r =m ( diet1 & at fir/ w\ld refuse ev5 oy/]s :5 plac$ 9 its way6 ,ano!r gr\p saw an op5+ 9 trees2 x develop$ a long neck & became ! giraffe4 ,b ! fact t ! giraffe lives on leaves1 & ! %eep on grass1 & ! wolf on animal matt]1 & t cu/om is 9 ea* s /rong t at fir/ ! creature w refuse any o!r k9d ( diet1 does n ( itself prove t t diet is ! be/ or mo/ physiologically suitable = x4 ,9 o!r words1 x is an assumption to suppose t adaptation to environm5t is ! sole or ev5 ! ma9 factor 9 ! con/itution ( well-m>k$ v>ieties or g5]a2 = ?is is to neglect 7among o!r ?+s7 ! =ce ( m]e use or wont1 :i* has ab\t ! same import 9 race-gr[? t mom5tum has 9 dynamics2 & causes ! race1 once />t$ 9 any direction1 to ma9ta9 its l9e ( movem5t--& (t5 9 despite ( its environm5t--ev5 = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,return+ to man we see him envelop$ 9 a myriad cu/oms--local cu/oms1 class cu/oms1 race cu/oms1 family cu/oms1 religi\s cu/oms2 cu/oms 9 food1 cu/oms 9 clo?+1 cu/oms 9 furniture1 =m ( habitation1 indu/rial production1 art1 social & municipal & national life1 etc42 & ! "q arises1 ,:]e is ! gra9 ( necessity :i* und]lies x all8 ,h[ mu* 9 ea* case is due to a real fitness 9 nature1 & h[ mu* to m]e otiose habit6 ,! fir/ ?+ t meets my eye 9 glanc+ out ( ! w9d[ is a tile on a neighbor+ ro(4 ,:y are tiles made ,s-%ap$ 9 "s localities & flat 9 o!rs8 ,surely ! conditions ( w9d & ra9 are mu* ! same 9 all places4 ,p]haps f> back !re 0 a reason1 b n[ no?+ rema9s b--cu/om4 ,:y d we sit on *airs in/ead ( on ! floor1 z ! ,japanese d1 or on cu%ions l ! ,turk8 ,x is a cu/om1 & p]haps x suits ) our o!r cu/oms4 ,! m we look into our life & consid] ! imm5se v>iety ( habit 9 e dep>tm5t ( x--ev5 "u conditions to all appe>ances exactly simil>--! m are we impress$ by ! abs5ce ( any v s]i\s necessity 9 ! =ms we ourselves are accu/om$ to4 ,ea* race1 ea* class1 ea* section ( ! population1 ea* unit ev51 vaunts its own habits ( life z sup]ior to ! re/1 z ! only true & legitimate =ms2 & peoples & classes w g to w> ) ea* o!r 9 ass]tion ( _! own special beliefs & practices2 b ! "q t r presses ^u ! +5u\s & inquir+ m9d is1 :e!r any ( u h got hold ( mu* true life at all8--:e!r we are n r m]e multitud9\s v>ieties ( caddis-worms %uffl$ up 9 ! ca/-(f sk9s & clo!s & dbris ( ^? :o h gone be=e u1 & ) v little vitality ( our own p]ceptible )98 ,h[ _m times a day d we p]=m an action t is au!ntic & n a m]e me*anical piece ( repetition8 ,inde$1 if our v>i\s actions & practices 7 au!ntic & fl[+ f ! true necessity1 p]haps we %\ldn't qu>rel ) ea* o!r ov] !m s (t5 z we d4 ,& !n to come to ! subject ( morals4 ,^! also are cu/oms--div]g5t to ! la/ degree among diff]5t races1 at diff]5t times1 or 9 diff]5t localities2 cu/oms = :i* x is (t5 difficult to f9d any gr\nd 9 reason or ! fitness ( ?+s4 ,?iev+ is suppos$ to be disc\nt5anc$ among u1 yet our pres5t-day trade-morality sanctions x 9 a ?\s& diff]5t =ms2 & ! respectable usur] 7:o c h>dly be said to be o!r ?an a ?ief7 takes a high place at ! table ( life4 ,to hunt ! e>? = game has f "t immemorial be5 consid]$ ! natural bir?right & privilege ( man1 until ! l&lord class 7:om wick$ ,sociali/s n[ d5\nce67 inv5t$ ! crime ( poa*+ & hang$ m5 = x4 ,z to m>riage cu/oms1 9 diff]5t times & among diff]5t peoples1 !y h be5 simply innum]able4 ,& "h ! s5se ( inviolability 9 ea* case is mo/ p[]ful4 ,! sev]e/ p5alties1 ! mo/ /r+5t public op9ion1 bit+ deep d[n into ! individual consci5ce1 en=ce ! v>i\s codes ( v>i\s times & places2 yet !y all contradict ea* o!r4 ,polygamy 9 "o c\ntry1 poly&ry 9 ! next2 bro!r & si/] m>riage all[$ at "o "t1 m>riage ) y\r "m's c\s9 =bidd5 at ano!r2 pro/itution sacr$ 9 ! temples ( antiquity1 trampl$ "u foot 9 ! gutt]s ( our great cities ( to-day2 monogamy respectable 9 "o l&1 a m>k ( class-inf]iority 9 ano!r2 celibacy scorn$ by "s sections ( p1 accept$ z ! highe/ /ate by o!rs2 & s on4 ,:at are we to conclude f all ?is8 ,is x possible1 once we h fairly fac$ ! imm5se v>iety ( human life 9 e dep>tm5t ( arts1 mann]s1 & morals--a v>iety1 too1 exi/+ 9 a va/ numb] ( cases "u conditions to all int5ts & purposes q simil>--is x possible ev] aga9 to suppose t ! p>ticul> practices :i* we are accu/om$ to are v mu* bett] 7or1 inde$1 v mu* worse7 ?an ! p>ticul> practices :i* o!rs are accu/om$ to8 ,we h be5 born1 z ,i said at fir/1 into a %ea? ( cu/om :i* enfolds u ) our swaddl+-clo!s4 ,:5 we beg9 to gr[ to manhood we see :at sort ( a ?+ x is :i* surr\nds u4 ,x is an old husk n[4 ,x does n be> look+ into2 x is rott51 x is inconsi/5t1 x is ?or\ghly indef5sible2 yet v likely we h to accept x4 ,! caddis-worm has gr[n to its tube & _c leave x4 ,a little sp>k ( vitality amid a heap ( dead matt]1 all x c d is to make its dwell+ a little m conv5i5t 9 %ape = itself1 or 7l ! coral insect7 to prolong its gr[? 9 ! mo/ fav\rable direction = ^? t come aft]4 ,! class1 ! ca/e1 ! locality1 ! age 9 :i* we 7 born has det]m9$ our =m ( life1 & 9 t =m v likely we mu/ rema94 ,b a *ange has come ov] our m9ds4 ,! vaunt+s ( e>li] days we ab&on4 ,we1 at any rate1 are no bett] ?an anybody else1 & at be/1 alas6 are only half alive4 ,if ^!1 !n1 are our conclusions1 is x n ) ju/ice t *ildr5 & e>ly races keep s rigidly to ! n>r[ pa? t cu/om has made = !m8 ,h !y n an in/9ctive feel+ t to =sake cu/om w\ld be to laun* out on a trackless sea :]e life w\ld cease to h any special purpose or direction1 & morality w\ld be utt]ly gulf$8 ,cu/om = !m is ! l9e ( _! gr[?2 x is ! coral-bran* f ! end ( :i* ! next insect builds2 x is ! h>d5+ b>k ( ! tree-twig :i* det]m9es ! direction ( ! gr[+ %oot4 ,x may be m]ely arbitr>y1 ?is cu/om1 b t !y d n "k2 its appe>ance ( f9ality & necessity may be q illusive2 b ! illusion is necess>y = life1 & ! arbitr>9ess is j :at makes "o life diff]5t f ano!r4 ,till he gr[s to manhood1 ! human be+1 he _c d )\t x4 ,& :5 he gr[s to manhood1 :at !n8 ,:y he dies1 & s becomes alive4 ,! caddis-fly leaves 8 tube beh9d & so>s into ! upp] air2 ! creature ab&ons its b>nacle exi/5ce on ! rock & swims at l>ge 9 ! sea4 ,= x is j :5 we die to cu/om t1 = ! fir/ "t1 we rise into ! true life ( humanity2 x is j :5 we ab&on all prejudice ( our own sup]iority ov] o!rs1 & become conv9c$ ( our entire indef5sibl5ess1 t ! _w op5s out ) comrade faces 9 all directions2 & :5 we p]ceive h[ entirely arbitr>y is ! sett+ ( our own life1 t ! :ole /ructure collapses on :i* our ap>tness f o!rs re/s1 & we pass easily & at once into ! great ocean ( fre$om & equality4 ,?is is1 z x 71 a new dep>ture = man1 = :i* ev5 to-day ! old _w1 ov]laid ) myriad cu/oms n[ br\ght into obvi\s & op5 conflict ) ea* o!r1 is evid5tly prep>+4 ,! p]iod ( human infancy is com+ to an end4 ,n[ comes ! "t ( manhood & true vitality4 ,possibly ?is is a law ( hi/ory1 t :5 man has run ?r\gh e v>iety ( cu/om a "t comes = him to be fre$ f x--t is1 he uses x indiff]5tly accord+ to 8 requirem5ts1 & is no long] a slave to x2 all human practices f9d _! use1 & none are =bidd54 ,at ?is po9t1 :5ev] rea*$1 morals come to an end & humanity takes its place--t is to say1 !re is no long] any code ( action1 b ! "o object ( all action is ! deliv]ance ( ! human be+ & ! e/abli%m5t ( equality betwe5 oneself & ano!r1 ! entry into a new life1 :i* new life :5 ent]$ into is glad & p]fect1 because !re is no m any ef=t or /ra9 9 x2 b x is ! recognition ( oneself 9 o!rs1 et]nally4 ,f> z cu/om has c>ri$ man f man1 yet :5 at la/ 9 ! ev]-bran*+ s]ies ! complete human be+ is produc$1 x kn[s at once its k9%ip ) all ! o!r =ms4 ,i h pass$ my _s 9 det]m9ation & compassion r\nd ! :ole e>?1 & f\nd only equals & lov]s4 ,m1 x kn[s its k9%ip ) ! animals4 ,x sees t x is only habit1 an illusion ( diff]5ce1 t divides2 & x p]ceives aft] all t x is ! same human creature t flies 9 ! air1 & swims 9 ! sea1 or walks bip$ ^u ! l&4 ,! two foll[+ *apt]s--?\gh n "p ( ! orig9al "w--are includ$ 9 ! pres5t edition because !y =m cont9uations or expansions ( ! *apt]s :i* criticise mod]n ,sci5ce & mod]n ,morality respectively4 ,! *apt] entitl$ ,a ,rational & ,humane ,sci5ce is 9 fact a repr9t ( an address giv5 be=e ! ,humanit>ian ,league 9 ,london 9 #ahif4 ,x 0 fir/ includ$ 9 ! pres5t volume 9 #aijf4 ,! *apt] entitl$ ,! ,new ,morality is1 ) slight alt]ations1 a repr9t ( an article :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,albany ,review 9 ,septemb]1 #aijg1 "u ! title ,morality "u ,socialism2 & x n[ appe>s 9 ! pres5t book = ! fir/ "t4 ,a ,,rational ,,& ,,humane ,,sci5ce ,9 br++ be=e y ?is subject ( a ,rational & ,humane ,sci5ce y w p]haps =give me if ,i dwell = a few mom5ts on "s po9ts ( p]sonal hi/ory 9 relation to x4 ,aft] read+ ma!matics = "s f\r ye>s at ,cambridge1 x happ5$ to me = ! next t5 ye>s or s to be engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ! physical sci5ces1 & 9 lectures on ^! subjects4 ,naturally1 dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ?is p]iod ,i accept$ ! curr5t me?ods & conclusions )\t any "q4 ,b z "t w5t on ,i became aw>e ( a c]ta9 dissatisfaction2 ,i felt t _m ( ! laws ( ,sci5ce1 en\nc$ z univ]sal tru?s1 7 ( v limit$ application only1 t _m ( ! conclusions1 s /rongly insi/$ on1 7 ( q d\btful validity2 & at la/ ?is increas+ dissatisfaction culm9at$ 9 a r viol5t attack or criticism ( ,mod]n ,sci5ce :i* ,i wrote & publi%$ ab\t ! ye> #ahhd4dj ,n[1 look+ back1 at ?is int]val ( "t1 ?\gh ,i admit t my attack 0 some:at ha/y & crude 9 detail1 ,i feel t 9 its ma9 cont5tion x 0 ?or\ghly ju/ifi$1 & ,i d n feel ! lea/ incl9$ to )draw x4 ,:at 0 t ma9 cont5tion8 ,x 0 z foll[s4 ,mod]n ,sci5ce is an attempt 7& no d\bt x w\ld accept ?is def9ition ( itself7 to survey & classify ! ph5om5a ( ! _w 9 ! pure dry light ( ! intellect1 uncol\r$ by feel+2 & s f> is an ef=t to sep>ate ! intellectual 9 man f ! m]ely p]ceptive1 ! emotional1 ! moral1 & s =?4 ,x 0 9 ?is v fact t my criticism lay2 = ,i cont5d$ t su* a sep>ation 0 9 ! long run q impossible4 ,b be=e proce$+ to def5d ?is position1 let me admit at once t ?is attempt ( ,mod]n ,sci5ce to get rid ( human feel+ & to look at ev]y?+ 9 ! dry light ( ! intellect 0 9 "s respects a v gr& "o4 ,:5 y consid] :at ! ,old-"t ,sci5ce 01 ) its fancies & prejudices1 its dragons pa/ur+ ^u ! sun & moon 9 eclipses1 its immolations ( hundr$s ( human be+s to appease "s god ( pe/il5ce or e>?quake1 its panics1 its sup]/itions1 & its incapability ( reg>d+ any?+ except f ! po9t ( view ( t ?+'s influ5ce on man's own com=t & 8 little hopes & fe>s1 x 0 inde$ a gr& advance to try & see facts1 uncol\r$ & = !mselves alone4 ,x 0 an ef=t ( ,man z x 7 to rise above himself1 to :i* ,i accord ! fulle/ cr$it & hon\r4 ,& yet1 dur+ ! "t spok5 (1 x kept gr[+ on me3 fir/1 t ! attempt 0 an impossible "o2 secondly1 t ! ,sci5ce s-call$ 0 n a true ,sci5ce2 & ?irdly1 t 9 its pret5ce to an intellectual exactitude :i* x did n really possess1 ?is ,mod]n ,sci5ce 0 lead+ to a n>r[-m9d$ness & a dogmatism z bad z ! old4 ,!re is 9 fact 7s ,i ?9k7 a fallacy 9 ! attempt4 ,b h[ %all ,i describe x8 ,our relations to ! _w may1 q r\ghly speak+1 be divid$ into ?ree gr\ps--^? t are s5su\s & p]ceptional1 ^? t are purely intellectual1 & ^? t are ( an emotional & moral ord]4 ,take any object ( ,nature--a bird1 = in/ance4 ,we may look ^u ! bird z an object ( s5se-p]ceptions--its =m1 its col\r1 its song1 & s =?4 ,"s p atta9 to extraord9>y skill & quickness 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 recognis+ 9 a mom5t ! note or ev5 ! flight ( a song/]4 ,!n aga9 we may look ^u ! bird f ! intellectual side--we may /udy x 9 relation to its surr\nd+s--! =m ( its w+s1 ! l5g? ( its leg1 ! "* ( its beak1 & _! adaptation to its habits1 to its locality1 to its food1 & s =?4 ,?us we may get a :ole s]ies ( purely intellectual results--relations ( ! bird to ! _w 9 :i* x lives4 ,?is is ! special field ( ! pres5t-day ,sci5ce4 ,b1 aga91 we may reg>d ! bird 9 its emotional & moral relations to u4 ,"o man at ! sight ( x may be affect$ ) admiration ( its beauty1 ) t5d]ness t[>ds x1 or sympa?y2 ano!r may be /imulat$ to wond] :e!r he c kill x1 or :e!r x is good to eat6 ,mod]n ,sci5ce is indiff]5t to :at ?is la/ set ( relations may be2 x does n conc]n itself mu* ) ! fir/2 b x takes ! middle t]m1 ! purely intellectual1 & seeks to ab/ract t f ! o!rs1 to /udy ! bird1 or :atev] ! object may be1 9 ! "o aspect only4 ,b c t really be done8 ,! answ] is1 ( c\rse1 ,no4 ,to %[ my g5]al mean+1 & :y ,i consid] ! claim an impossible "o1 let u imag9e a little cell--"o ( ! myriads :i* con/itute ! human body--pr(ess+ 9 ! same sort ( way to /& outside ! body & expla9 ! laws ( ! o!r cells & ! body at l>ge4 ,x is obvi\s t ! little cell1 swept along 9 ! curr5ts ( ! body & sway$ by its emotions1 9 close proximity & contact ) "s portions ( ! organism1 & f> remote f o!rs1 _c possibly pret5d to any su* imp>tial judgm5t4 ,x is obvi\s n only t x w\ld n h all ! clues ( ! problem at its comm&1 b t its own ne$s & exp]i5ces w\ld prejudice x frightfully 9 ! int]pretation ( su* clues z x _h4 ,yet man is su* a little cell 9 ! body ( ,nature1 or1 if y l1 9 ! body ( ! ,society ( :i* he =ms a "p4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o way1 x seems to me1 9 :i* a cell 9 ! human body might come to an adequate und]/&+ ( ! body2 & t w\ld be r ?r\gh exp]i5ce ?an ?r\gh direct reason+4 ,x is conceivable t !re might be "s cell 9 ! body :i*1 ?r\gh ! n]ves1 etc41 0 9 actual t\* & sympa!tic relation%ip ) e o!r cell4 ,!n x c]ta9ly w\ld h ! mat]ials ( ! requir$ solution4 ,e *ange 9 o!r p>ts ( ! body w\ld regi/] itself 9 ?is p>ticul> cell2 & its little bra9 7if x _h "o71 )\t exactly mak+ any great ef=t1 w\ld reflect sympa!tically ! /ructure ( ! :ole body--w\ld become1 9 fact1 a mirror ( x4 ,?is w p]haps give y ! key to my notion ( :at a true ,sci5ce might be4 ,b be=e proce$+ to t1 ,i want to g a little m 9 detail into ! fallacy ( ! absolute intellectual view ( ,sci5ce4 ,i say1 fir/1 t a complete summ>y ( any object or process 9 ,nature is impossible2 secondly1 t su* summ>y z we d make is1 & mu/ inevitably & necess>ily be1 col\r$ by ! und]ly+ feel+ ) :i* we approa* t phase ( ,nature4 ,to take ! fir/ po9t4 ,y say1 ,:y is a complete summ>y n possible8 ,a wat* or o!r ma*9e may be completely describ$ & def9$2 :y %\ld n 7) a little m k7 a fir-tree1 or ! human eye1 or ! sol> sy/em1 be completely describ$ & def9$8 ,& ?is br+s u to :at may be call$ ! ,ma*9e-view ( ,sci5ce4 ,x is curi\s 7& yet ,i ?9k x w pres5tly be se5 t x is q :at might h be5 expect$7 t dur+ ?is c5tury or s1 9 :i* ,ma*9]y has play$ su* an important "p 9 our daily & social life1 me*anical ideas h come to col\r all our conceptions ( ,sci5ce & ! ,univ]se4 ,mod]n ,sci5ce holds x z a k9d ( ideal 7ev5 ?\gh f9d+ x at times difficult to realise7 to r$uce ev]y?+ to me*anical action1 & to %[ ea* process ( ,nature intelligible 9 ! same s5se z a ,ma*9e is intelligible4 ,yet ?is conception1 ?is ideal1 involves a complete fallacy4 ,= ! mom5t y come to ?9k ( x1 y see t no "p ( ,nature really ev5 resembles a ma*9e4 ,:at is a ma*9e 9 ! ord9>y s5se8 ,x is an aggregation ( p>ts put toge!r to fulfil c]ta9 def9ite actions & no o!rs4 ,a sew+-ma*9e fulfils ! purpose ( sew+1 a wat* fulfils t ( keep+ "t1 & !y fulfil ^? purposes only4 ,all _! p>ts subs]ve ^? actions1 & 9 t s5se may be completely describ$--z f> z j _! me*anical action is conc]n$--! same by a ?\s& me*anicians4 ,b ,i make bold to say t no object 9 ,nature fulfils j "o action1 or s]ies ( actions1 & no o!rs4 ,on ! contr>y1 e object fulfils an endless s]ies ( actions4 ,let u take ! ,human ,eye4 ,& ,i *oose ?is z an in/ance mo/ adv]se to my position1 = !re is no d\bt t ! ,human ,eye is "o ( ! mo/ highly specialis$ objects 9 creation4 ,helmholtz1 z y "k1 is said to h rem>k$ conc]n+ x t if an ,optician _h s5t him an in/rum5t s defective he %\ld h return$ x ) 8 complim5ts4 ,helmholtz 0 a great man1 & ,i w n d him ! inju/ice to suppose t he did n "k :at he 0 say+4 ,he knew t1 reg>d$ z a ma*9e = focuss+ rays ( light1 ! eye 0 decid$ly defective2 b !n he knew well en\gh1 d\btless1 :y x 0 defective--namely1 because x is by no means m]ely su* a ma*9e1 b a great deal m4 ,! ,eye1 9 fact1 n only fulfils ! action ( focuss+ rays ( light--l an ,op]a ,glass or a ,telescope--b x might be comp>$ to ano!r in/rum5t1 a ,photographic ,cam]a1 9 respect ( ! fact t x =ms a picture ( ! out] _w :i* x ?r[s on a s5sitive plate at ! back--! ,ret9a4 ,b !n1 aga91 x is unlike any ( ^! ma*9es1 9 ! fact t x 0 nev] made by any ,optician1 human or div9e1 = any "o def9ite purpose4 ,on ! contr>y1 z we "k1 x has gr[n1 x has evolv$2 x has come d[n to u ov] ! c5turies1 & ov] ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( c5turies1 f dim beg9n+s 9 ! l[lie/ organisms :o fir/ conceiv$ ! faculty ( ,sight1 cont9ually modifi$1 cont9ually %ap5 by small increm5ts 9 v>i\s directions1 9 accordance ) ! myriad ne$s ( a myriad creatures1 liv+1 "s ( !m 9 wat]1 "s ( !m 9 air1 requir+ "s ( !m to see at close qu>t]s1 "s at great di/ances1 "s by "o k9d ( light1 "s by ano!r1 & s =?4 ,s t to-day x n only conta9s a great range ( inh]it$1 yet lat5t1 faculties1 b x is actually1 9 its complex /ructure1 an epitome & p>tial record ( its own extraord9>y hi/ory4 ,z an in/ance ( ?is la/ po9t1 let me rem9d y t ,sight 0 orig9ally a diff]5tiation ( ,t\*4 ,! light1 ! %ad[s1 fall+ on ! s5sitive g5]al surface ( a primitive organism provoke a tactile irritation4 ,9 ! c\rse ( evolution ?is s5se specialises itself at "s po9t ( ! surface into :at we call ,sight4 ,n[1 to-day1 :5 ! little picture =m$ by ! =e-"p ( ! ,human ,eye falls ^u ! ,ret9a at ! back1 x falls ^u a scre5 =m$ by ! myriad congregat$ f+]-tips1 s to speak1 ( ! optic n]ve--! rods & cones1 s-call$--:i* cov] l a mosaic ! :ole gr\nd ( ! ,ret9a1 & feel ) _! s5sitive po9ts ! images ( ! objects 9 ! out] _w4 ,& s ,sight is /ill ,t\*--x is ! p[] ( feel+ or t\*+ at a di/ance--z "o sometimes 9 fact becomes aw>e 9 look+ at ?+s4 ,b !n aga9 on & beyond all ^! ?+s--beyond ! focuss+ & photograph+ ( rays1 beyond ! lat5t adaptations to ! ne$s ( innum]able creatures1 & ! epitomis+ ( ages ( evolution--! ,human ,eye has faculties ev5 m f>-rea*+ p]haps & wond]ful4 ,x is ! m>vell\s organ ( human ,expression4 ,by ! dilatations & contractions ( ! iris1 by ! alt]+ convexities ( ! l5s & ! eyeball1 & 9 a hundr$ o!r ways1 x manages someh[ to convey intellig5ce ( ,comm&1 ,control1 ,p[]1 ( ,pity1 ,love1 ,sympa?y1 & all ^? myriad emotions :i* flit ?r\gh ! human m9d--an endless s]ies--a p]fect encyclopdia4 ,x is difficult ev5 to imag9e ! eye )\t ?is p[] ( language4 ,& :at o!r functions x may h x is n necess>y to inquire4 ,highly specialis$ ?\gh x is1 x is already obvi\s en\gh t to call x a ,ma*9e = focuss+ rays ( light is mon/r\sly & ludicr\sly inadequate--ev5 z x w\ld be to call ! ,he>t 7! v c5tre ( emotion & life1 & ! symbol ( human love & c\rage7 a common ,pump4 ,nature is an inf9itude1 & c at no po9t be circumscrib$ by ! human intellect4 ,nor obvi\sly is !re any s5se 9 tak+ "o little portion ( ,nature & isolat+ x f ! re/1 & !n describ+ x exhau/ively z if x really 7 s isolat$4 ,a ?\s& me*anicians w agree1 z ,i h said1 9 _! description ( a ma*9e1 because 9 fact !y w agree to view ! ma*9e j 9 ! "o aspect ( its p>ticul> action2 b ask a ?\s& p to describe "o & ! same face--or1 bett] /ill1 get a ?\s& portrait-pa9t]s1 skill$ 9 _! art1 to pa9t portraits ( ! same face--& y "k p]fectly well t all ! lik5esses w be diff]5t4 ,& :y w !y be diff]5t8 ,simply because e face1 h[ev] rude1 has inf9ite sides1 inf9ite aspects1 & ea* pa9t] selects :at he pa9ts f 8 own po9t ( view4 ,& ! same is true ( e object & process 9 ,nature4 ,!n if ^! ?+s are true 7y ask aga97 h[ is x t sci5tific m5 d arrive at def9ite conclusions1 & d agree ) ea* o!r s f> z !y d8 ,x is1 & obvi\sly mu/ be1 by ! me?od ( isolation2 by ! me?od ( select+ c]ta9 aspects ( ! problems pres5t$ to !m1 & ignor+ o!rs4 ,= s9ce all ! relations ( any ph5om5on ( ,nature _c possibly be compass$1 ! only way mu/ be to ignore "s & conc5trate att5tion on o!rs2 & :5 !re is a k9d ( tacit agreem5t z to :i* aspects %all be pass$ ov] & :i* consid]$1 !re is naturally an agreem5t 9 ! results4 ,?us by ?is me?od1 waiv+ all o!r aspects ( ! problem1 ! ,eye may be describ$ & def9$ z an optical in/rum5t1 ! ,he>t z a common ,pump1 & ! ,sol> ,sy/em z a neat illu/ration ( c]ta9 me*anical laws discov]$ by ,galileo & ,newton4 ,on ! subject ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em & ,a/ronomy ,i w dwell = a few mom5ts1 z "h--9 ?is great example ( ! p]fection ( ,mod]n ,sci5ce--we h aga9 a case app>5tly mo/ adv]se to my cont5tion4 ,! g5]alisations by :i* ,newton e/abli%$ ! nature ( ! planet>y orbits has be5 a wond] to succe$+ g5]ations2 ! positions ( ! planets c be =etold1 eclipses c be calculat$ ) amaz+ accuracy4 ,yet e tyro 9 ,ma!matics kn[s t ! equations :i* give ^! results c only be solv$ by :at is call$ neglect+ small quantities--t is1 ! problems _c be solv$ 9 _! entirety1 b by leav+ out c]ta9 t]ms & elem5ts1 :i* d n appe> important1 a solution c be approa*$4 ,& naturally x has be5 an important po9t to %[ t ^! small quantities may be safely neglect$4 ,9 ! case1 = in/ance1 ( ! orbits ( ! planets r\nd ! sun1 & ( ! moon r\nd ! e>?1 x 0 = a long "t tak5 z prov$ t ! small v>iations 9 ! %ape & position ( ea* elliptic orbit w\ld nev] be accompani$ by any p]man5t increase or dim9ution 9 its size--t is1 t ! mean di/ances ( ! planets f ! sun1 & ( ! moon f ! e>?1 w\ld always rema9 )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,( late ye>s h[ev] ,pr(essor ,george ,d>w91 tak+ up "o ( ^! poor little neglect$ quantities 9 ! !ory ( ! moon1 f\nd t x indicat$ aft] all v va/ & v p]man5t1 ?\gh ( c\rse v sl[1 *anges 9 h] mean di/ance f ! e>?2 s t n[ x appe>s probable t ! ,moon's true orbit1 in/ead ( be+ a limit$ ellipse1 is a cont9ually ?\gh gradually enl>g+ ,spiral1 :i* may "s day c>ry ! ,moon to a great di/ance f ! e>?4 ,if an eclipse 7 calculat$ = tw5ty ye>s 9 advance on ! ,elliptic !ory or ! ,spiral !ory1 x w\ld probably--s sl[ w\ld be ! div]g5ce--make no p]ceptible diff]5ce2 b 9 a hundr$ c5turies ! two !ories w\ld lead to results utt]ly diff]5t4 ,?us ! c]titude ( ,a/ronomy z a ,sci5ce arises l>gely f ! fact t our times are s brief comp>$ ) ,cele/ial p]iods4 ,! prop] p]iods ( ,cele/ial *anges are to be reckon$ by ?\s&s1 p]haps millions1 ( ye>s2 b we1 ignor+ t aspect ( ! problem1 fix our obs]vations on "o little po9t ( "t1 & are q satisfi$ ) ! result6 ,z ano!r illu/ration ( my mean+1 consid] ! ,fix$ ,/>s1 s-call$4 ,^! />s 9 _! gr\ps & clu/]s1 :i* we "k s well by sight1 h rema9$ app>5tly 9 ! v same1 or ne>ly ! same1 relative positions dur+ all ! #b1jjj or #c1jjj ye>s t we h any record ( ! %apes ( ! ,con/ellations4 ,yet n[ by m9ute telescopic & spectroscopic exam9ation we "k t !y are mov+1 & h be5 mov+ all ! "t1 9 v>i\s diff]+ directions ) great velocities1 am\nt+ to miles p] second4 ,nev]!less1 s great are ! spaces conc]n$1 s great ! times1 t all ?is long p]iod has n suffic$ to br+ !m into any greatly *ang$ attitude ) reg>d to ea* o!r6 ,:at w\ld y ?9k ( an intellig5t =eign] :o1 com+ to ,engl& to /udy ! game ( cricket1 rema9$ on ! cricket field = a qu>t] ( a m9ute--dur+ :i* "t ! play]s w\ld h h>dly *ang$ _! positions--& hav+ not$ a few po9ts1 w5t away & wrote a volume on ! laws ( ! game8 ,& :at are we to ?9k ( poor little ,man :o1 hav+ not$ ! />s = a few c5turies1 is s sure t he und]/&s _! movem5ts1 & t he is v]s$ 9 all ! ord9ances ( heav54 ,?us x w\ld appe> t e ,nature-problem is s enorm\sly complex t x c only be got at by :at we h call$ ! ,me?od ( ,ignorance4 ,let u take a practical ,sci5ce problem l t ( ,vacc9ation4 ,! "q "h1 put 9 its simple/ t]ms1 seems to be1 ,:e!r ,vacc9ation1 ) calf or human lymph1 prev5ts or alleviates ,smallpox2 & if x does1 :e!r x does s )\t eng5d]+ o!r evils at lea/ z great4 ,at fir/ sight ?is may appe> to y a v simple "q1 & easy to solve2 b ! mom5t y come to ?9k ab\t x1 y see its extreme complexity4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is obvi\s t 9 a "q l ?is1 individual cases af=d no te/4 ,x is obvi\s t ! fact t ,a4 is vacc9at$ & has n tak5 small-pox proves no?+1 = !re is no?+ to %[ t he w\ld h tak5 x if he _h n be5 vacc9at$4 ,& :5 y h got p vacc9at$ by ! hundr$ & ! ?\s&1 y /ill are n c]ta92 = ^! p may belong to a c]ta9 class1 or a c]ta9 locality1 or may h c]ta9 habits & conditions ( life1 :i* may acc\nt = _! comp>ative immunity1 & ^! causes mu/ be elim9at$ be=e any def9ite conclusion c be rea*$4 ,?us x is n till ! great mass ( ! population is vacc9at$ t we c expect reliable /ati/ics4 ,b ! introduction ( a practice ( ?is k9d on s great a scale necess>ily takes a long p]iod ( ye>s1 & mean:ile *anges are tak+ place 9 ! habits ( ! p1 ,sanitation is be+ improv$1 cu/oms ( ,diet are alt]+1 possibly 7z s (t5 happ5s 9 ! hi/ory ( an epidemic7 ! disease1 hav+ run its c\rse1 is beg9n+ spontane\sly to decl9e4 ,& ?us ano!r s]ies ( possible causes has to be discuss$4 ,!n1 suppos+ ! "q1 not)/&+ all ^! difficulties1 to be s f> settl$ 9 fav\r ( ! pres5t sy/em--!re /ill arises t :ole o!r s]ies ( difficulties ) reg>d to ! possibility ( ! spread ( o!r diseases by ! practice1 & ) reg>d to ! ext5t ( su* spread1 be=e we c arrive at any f9ale4 ,?is s]ies ( que/ions is almo/ z complex z ! o!r2 & x includes t great elem5t ( unc]ta9ty--! "q :at int]val ( "t may elapse betwe5 inoculation ) a disease & its actual appe>ance4 ,= if 9 sev]al cases *ildr5 break out ) erysipelas imm$iately aft] vacc9ation1 ( c\rse !re is a c]ta9 presumption t vacc9ation has be5 ! cause2 b if ! erysipelas only appe>s "s ye>s aft]1 its connection ) ! op]ation may1 ?\gh real1 be impossible to trace4 ,! matt] /&+ ?us1 x seems to u almo/ a my/]y h[ x 0 t ! m$ical au?orities ( ! e>ly days ( ,j5n]ism 7 s cocksure ( _! conclusions--until we rememb] t 9 arriv+ at ^? conclusions !y practically ignor$ all ^! o!r po9ts t ,i h m5tion$1 l *anges ( ,sanitation1 spontane\s decl9e ( ,small-pox1 ! spread ( o!r diseases1 etc41 & simply limit$ !mselves to "o small aspect ( ! problem4 ,b n[1 aft] ?is int]val ( "t1 :5 ! neglect$ facts & aspects h mean:ile =c$ !mselves on our att5tion1 h[ rem>kable is ! *ange ( attitude z evid5c$ by ! f9d+ ( ! late ,royal ,commission6 7#ahif74 ,f all ?is d n und]/& me to d]ide ,sci5ce--= ,i h no int5tion ( do+ t2 on ! contr>y1 ,i ?9k ! debt we owe to mod]n inve/igation q incalculable2 b ,i only wi% to w>n y h[ complex all ^! problems are1 h[ impossible t notion ( settl+ ev5 "o ( !m by a cut-&-dri$ intellectual =mula4 ,b y w ask 7= ?is is ! second po9t ,i m5tion$ "s little "t back7 h[ p's emotions & feel+s come 9 to col\r _! sci5tific conclusions8 ,& ! answ] is--v simply1 namely by direct+ _! *oice z to :at aspects ( ! problem !y w ignore & :at aspects !y w envisage2 by det]m9+ _! po9t ( view1 9 fact4 ,to return to t illu/ration ( sev]al portrait-pa9t]s pa9t+ ! same face2 j z ea* pa9t] is l$ by 8 feel+1 8 sympa?ies1 8 g5]al temp]am5t1 to select c]ta9 po9ts 9 ! face & to pass ov] o!rs1 s ea* gr\p ( sci5tific m5 9 ea* g5]ation is l$ by its sympa?ies1 its idiosyncrasies1 to envisage c]ta9 aspects ( ! problems ( ! day & to ignore o!rs4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ,sci5ce illu/rates ?is4 ,we are all famili> ) ! way 9 :i* ! pr$ilections ( religi\s feel+ 9 ! "t ( ,cop]nicus & ,galileo ret>d$ ! progress ( a/ronomical ,sci5ce4 ,z long z p believ$ t a div9e drama ( r$emption _h be5 enact$ on ?is e>? alone1 !y naturally conclud$ t ?is e>? 0 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 & refus$ to look at facts :i* contradict$ _! conclusion4 ,:5 ,galileo turn$ 8 newly-made telescope on ,jupit] & saw x circl$ by its satellites1 he saw 9 ?is an image ( ! ,cop]nican sy/em & ( ! planets circl+ r\nd ! c5tral ,sun2 b :5 he ask$ o!rs to %>e 8 obs]vation & 8 inf]5ce1 !y w\ld n4 ,o1 my de> ,kepl]1 he writes 9 a lett] to 8 fell[ a/ronom]1 h[ ,i wi% we c\ld h "o he>ty laugh toge!r4 ,"h at ,padua is ! pr9cipal ,pr(essor ( ,philosophy1 :om ,i h repeat$ly & urg5tly reque/$ to look at ! moon & planets ?r\gh my glass2 b he p]t9aci\sly refuses to d s4 ,:at %\ts ( laught] we %\ld h at ?is glori\s folly6 ,& ?\gh we laugh at ! folly ( ^? be=e u1 we d ! same ?+s ourselves to-day4 ,take ! sci5ce ( ,political ,economy4 ,a revolution has tak5 place 9 t1 almo/ comp>able to ! *ange f ! geoc5tric to ! helioc5tric view 9 ,a/ronomy4 ,dur+ ! di/9ctively comm]cial p]iod ( ! la/ #ajj ye>s1 ! lead+ /ud5ts ( social sci5ce1 be+ !mselves fill$ ) ! _s ( ! "t1 h be5 fa9 to look ^u ! acquisition ( private weal? z ! "o absorb+ motive ( human nature2 & s x has come ab\t t ! economi/s1 f ,adam ,smi? to ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 h f\nd$ _! sci5ce on self-seek+ & competition1 z ! base ( _! analysis4 ,to-day ano!r s]ies ( economi/s com+ to ! front--_! m9ds preoccupi$ ) ! great facts ( ,community ( life & ,co-op]ation--h discov]$ t ,society is 9 ! ma9 an illu/ration ( ^! latt] pr9ciples1 & h evolv$ a q new phase ( ! sci5ce4 ,x is n t ,society has *ang$ s mu* dur+ ?is p]iod1 z t ! alt]$ po9t ( view ( ! /ud5ts ( ,society has caus$ !m simply to fix _! att5tion on a diff]5t aspect ( ! problem & a diff]5t range ( facts4 ,i h allud$ already to ! way 9 :i* ! preval5t use ( ,ma*9]y 9 practical life has affect$ our m5tal outlook on ! _w4 ,x is curi\s t dur+ ?is me*anical age ( ! la/ #ajj ye>s or s1 we h n only come to reg>d ,society 9 a me*anical light1 z a conc\rse ( sep>ate individuals b\nd toge!r by a m]e ca%-nexus1 b h ext5d$ ! same idea to ! univ]se at l>ge1 :i* we look ^u z a conc\rse ( sep>ate atoms1 associat$ toge!r by gravitation1 or possibly by m]e mutual impact4 ,yet x is c]ta9 t bo? ^! views are false1 s9ce ! individuals :o compose ,society are n sep>ate f ea* o!r2 & ! !ory t ! univ]se1 9 its ultimate analysis1 is compos$ ( a va/ numb] ( discrete atoms is simply un?9kable4 ,:5 we come to a practical & mod]n "q l ,m$ic9e1 ! influ5ce ( ! _s 9 :i* x is approa*$ on ! c\rse ( ! sci5ce is v easy to see4 ,= if ! sci5ce ( ,m$ic9e is approa*$ 7z x p]haps mo/ly is to-day7 9 a _s ( comb9$ ,fe> & ,self-indulg5ce--fe> = "o's own p]sonal safety1 comb9$ ) a k9d ( anxiety to cont9ue liv+ 9 ! indulg5ce ( habits kn[n to be unheal?y--if x is approa*$ 9 ?is uncom=table & contradictory /ate ( m9d1 x is pretty obvi\s t its c\rse w be simil>ly uncom=table3 t x w consi/ = ! mo/ "p 9 a se>* = drugs :i* %all1 )\t ef=t on our "p1 palliate ! effects ( our misconduct2 9 ! discov]y1 z 9 a k9d ( nightm>e1 t ! air r\nd u is full ( billions ( microbes2 9 a t]rifi$ /udy ( ^! mess5g]s ( disease1 & 9 a frantic ef=t to w>d !m (f by inoculations1 vacc9ations1 vivisections1 & s =?1 )\t end4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! sci5ce is approa*$ f q a diff]5t side--f t ( ! love ( ,heal?1 & ! desire to make life lovely1 beautiful & clean2 if ! /ud5t is fill$ n only ) ?is1 b ) a great belief 9 ! ess5tial p[] ( ,man1 & 8 comm& 9 creation1 to control n only all ^! little microbes ^: "n is ,legion1 b ?r\gh 8 m9d all ! processes ( 8 body2 !n x is obvi\s en\gh t a :ole s]ies ( diff]5t facts w arise be=e 8 eyes & become ! subject ( 8 /udy--facts ( sanitation1 ( ! laws ( cleanly life1 diet1 clo?+ & s =?1 me?ods ( control1 & ! details & practice ( ! influ5ce ( ! m5tal ^u ! physical "p ( man--facts q equally real ) ! o!rs1 equally important1 equally num]\s p]haps & complex1 b =m+ a totally diff]5t range ( sci5ce4 ,9 conclusion1 y beg9 to see d\btless t ,i d n believe 9 a sci5ce ( m]e ,=mulas1 :i* c be p\r$ f "o bra9 to ano!r l wat] 9 a pot4 ,i believe 9 some?+ m organic to ,humanity--:i* %all comb9e ,s5se1 ,intellect & ,s\l2 :i* %all include ! ke5e/ tra9+ ( ! ,s5ses1 ! exacte/ use ( ! ,bra91 & ! subord9ation ( bo? ( ^! to ! f9e/ & mo/ g5]\s attitude ( ,man t[>ds ,nature4 ,to come to q practical aspects1 ,i ?9k t ,physical ,sci5ce1 & = t matt] ,natural ,hi/ory too1 ought to be f\nd$ on ! close/ obs]vation & actual intimacy ) ,nature4 ,x is notori\s t 9 _m respects ! p]ceptions1 ! ,nature-intuitions1 ( savage races f> outdo ^? ( civilis$ man4 ,we h let t side g slack1 & too (t5 ! man ( sci5ce :5 he comes out ( 8 /udy is a m]e baby 9 ! ext]nal _w4 ,i look back ) a k9d ( %ame :5 ,i ?9k t ,i /udi$ ! ma!matical side ( ,a/ronomy = ?ree or f\r ye>s at ,cambridge & absolutely at ! "t h>dly knew "o /> f ano!r 9 ! sky4 ,b su* are ! me?ods ( tea*+ t h be5 9 use4 ,!y ought h[ev] to be rev]s$1 & practical acqua9tance ) ! facts %\ld come a long way fir/1 & !n be succe$$ by inductive & d$uctive reason+ :5 ! difficulties ( ! subject h =c$ !mselves on ! /ud5t's m9d4 ,!n 9 ,natural ,hi/ory & ,botany ,i ?9k t we h hi!rto n only neglect$ ! p]ceptive side1 b also :at may be call$ ! intuitive & emotional aspects4 ,if any "o w att5d to ! subject1 ,i believe !y w p]ceive t !re are dormant 9 ! m9d ! f9e/ intuitions & in/9cts ( relation%ip to ! v>i\s animals & plants--intuitions :i* h play$ a f> m important "p 9 ! life ( b>b>ic races ?an !y d to-day4#da ,primitive peoples h a rem>kable in/9ct ( ! m$ic9al & dietetic uses ( h]bs & plants--an in/9ct :i* we also f9d well develop$ among animals--& ,i believe t ?is k9d ( k w\ld gr[ l>gely if1 s to speak1 x 7 giv5 a *ance4 ,! =mal classification ( animals & plants--:i* n[ =ms ! ma9 "p ( ^! sci5ces--w\ld !n come 9 simply z an aid & an auxili>y to ! m direct & human /udy4 ,aga91 let u take ! sci5ce ( ,physiology4 ,at pres5t ?is is ma9ly c>ri$ on by means ( ,dissection or ,vivisection4 ,b bo? ^! me?ods are unsatisfactory4 ,dissection1 because x am\nts to /udy+ ! organisation ( a liv+ creature by ! exam9ation ( its dead c>case2 & ,vivisection1 because x is n only op5 to a simil> objection1 b because x necess>ily violates ! highe/ relation ( man to ! animal he is /udy+4 ,!re is1 ,i believe1 ano!r me?od--a me?od :i* has be5 kn[n 9 ! ,ea/ = c5turies1 ?\gh little reg>d$ 9 ! ,we/--:i* may p]haps be call$ ! me?od ( ,heal?4 ,x consi/s 9 r5d]+ ! body1 by prop] habits ( life1 pure & heal?y1 till x becomes1 z x 71 transp>5t to ! inn] eye1 & !n project+ ! consci\sness inw>d s z to become almo/ z s5sible ( ! /ructure & function ( ! v>i\s int]nal organs1 z x usually is ( ! out] surface ( ! body4 ,( c\rse ?is is a process :i* _c be effectuat$ at once1 & :i* may ne$ help & corroboration by ext]nal me?ods ( /udy1 b ,i believe x is "o :i* w lead to consid]able results4 ,!re is no d\bt t _m ( ! ,yogis ( ,india atta9 to great skill 9 x4 ,simil>ly1 f :at we h already said ab\t ,political ,economy1 x is obvi\s t satisfactory results 9 t sci5ce mu/ dep5d imm5sely on ! high degree ( social in/9ct & feel+ ) :i* ! /ud5t approa*es x1 & on ! ?or\ghness ( 8 acqua9tance ) ! actual life ( a p2 & t ! developm5t ( ^! factors is fully z important a "p ( ! sci5ce z t :i* consi/s 9 ! logical ord]+ & arrangem5t ( ! mat]ial obta9$4 ,i ne$ n1 ,i ?9k1 g any fur!r into detail ( new me?ods 9 ea* ,sci5ce4 ,y rememb] :at ,i said at ! beg9n+ ab\t ! ,cell /udy+ ! ,body ( :i* x =m$ a "p4 ,we may imag9e1 if we l1 ?ree /ages 9 ?is process4 ,9 ! fir/ /age ! ,cell reg>ds ! o!r cells & ! ,body simply f ! po9t ( view ( h[ !y affect x1 & its com=t & safety4 ,?is might be tak5 to correspond to ! ,old-"t ,sci5ce4 ,9 ! second /age ! ,cell1 ) its t9y exp]i5ce ( ! o!r cells & ! small "p ( ! body 9 :i* x is plac$1 becomes highly intellectual1 & pr(esses to lay d[n ! laws ( ! /ructure ( ! body g5]ally4 ,?is corresponds to ! attitude ( ,mod]n ,sci5ce4 ,9 ! ?ird /age ! ,cell1 gr[+ & evolv+1 & com+ daily into clos] sympa!tic relation%ip ) all p>ts ( ! body1 beg9s to f9d its true relation to ! o!r cells1 n to use !m1 b to fulfil its "p 9 ! :ole4 ,gradually draw+ all ! ?reads toge!r & com+ m & m1 s to say1 into a c5tral position1 x at la/ 9 its little bra9 spontane\sly & inevitably reflects ! :ole1 & becomes ! mirror ( x4 ,?is w\ld answ] to :at we h call$ a really rational & humane ,sci5ce4 ,man has to f9d & to feel 8 true relation to o!r creatures & to ! :ole ( :i* he is a "p1 & has to use 8 bra9 to fur!r ?is4 ,sci5ce is1 z we all "k1 ! se>* = ,unity4 ,t is its ideal4 ,x unites innum]able ph5om5a "u "o law2 & !n x unites _m laws "u "o high]2 always seek+ = ! ultimate complete integration4 ,b 7is x n obvi\s87 ,man _c f9d t unity ( ! ,:ole until he feels 8 unity ) ! ,:ole4 ,to f\nd a ,sci5ce ( "o-ness on ! murd]\s ,w>f>e & insane ,competition ( m5 ) ea* o!r1 & on ! ,slaught] & ,vivisection ( animals--! se>* = unity on ! practice ( disunity--is an absurdity1 :i* c only 9 ! long run reveal itself z su*4 ,i d n "k :e!r x seems obvi\s to y1 b x does to me1 t ,man w nev] f9d 9 !ory ! unity ( out] ,nature till he rea*es 9 practice ! unity ( 8 own4 ,:5 he has le>nt to h>monise 9 himself all 8 p[]s1 bodily & m5tal1 8 desires1 faculties1 ne$s1 & br+ !m into p]fect co-op]ation--:5 he has f\nd ! true hi]>*y ( himself--!n someh[ ,i ?9k t ,nature r\nd him w reflect ?is ord]1 & range itself 9 cle> & intelligible h>mony ab\t him4 ,b ,i c say no m4 ,i h dragg$ y by ! neck1 z x 71 ?r\gh a recondite & difficult subject2 & ev5 s ,i d n feel t ,i h by any means done ju/ice to x4 ,b x is possible1 p]haps1 t ,i h ca/ ! g]m ( an idea among y1 :i*1 if y ?9k ov] x at leisure1 may develop into some?+ ( value4 ,,footnotes3 #dj ,aft]w>ds repr9t$ 9 a modifi$ =m1 z ,mod]n ,sci5ce--a ,criticism1 9 ! fir/ edition 7#ahhi7 ( ! pres5t book4 #da ,elise ,reclus1 9 8 rem>kable pap]1 ,la ,gr&e ,famille1 po9ts out ! wide-rea*+ ,fri5d%ip1 & free alliance = v>i\s purposes1 ( primitive man ) ! animals1 exi/+ long be=e ! s-call$ dome/ication ( ! latt]4 ,see ,humane ,review1 ,janu>y1 #aijf4 ,,! ,,new ,,morality ,! t5d5cy ( ! ,evolution ,!ory1 z x p5etrates human ?\ght1 is to rub out l9es--! old l9es ( =mal classification4 ,we no long] n[ put 9 a class ap>t ^? animals :i* h horns or clov5 hooves1 because we f9d t cont9u\s desc5t & close k9%ip weave relations :i* are n b\nd$ by horns or hooves4 ,&1 = a n dissimil> reason1 mod]n ?\ght1 bas$ on ! !ory ( evolution1 is t5d+ to rub out ! h>d & fa/ l9es betwe5 moral ,"r & ,wrong--! old =mal classifications ( actions z "s 9 _! nature good1 & "s 9 _! nature bad4 ,! ,ea/]n1 or at lea/ ,indian1 ?\ght & religion rubb$ out ^! l9es long ago4 ,its philosophy inde$ 0 f\nd$ on a !ory ( ,evolution--! cont9u\s evolution or emanation ( ! ,_m f ! ,"o4 ,x c\ld n !re=e reg>d any class ( be+s or creatures z ess5tially bad1 or any class ( actions z ess5tially wrong1 s9ce all sprang f a common ,root4 ,! only ess5tial evil 0 ignorance 7avidya7--t is1 ! fact ( ! be+ or creature n kn[+ or p]ceiv+ its emanation f1 or k9%ip )1 ! ,"o--& ( c\rse any action done "u ?is condition ( avidya1 h[ev] outw>dly correct1 0 ess5tially wrong2 :ile on ! o!r h& all actions done by be+s fully realis+ & consci\s ( _! union ) ! ,"o 7 necess>ily "r4 ,( ?is attitude t[>ds ,"r & ,wrong !re are abundant in/ances 9 ! ,upani%ads4 ,! *oice ( ! pa? does n lie betwe5 ,good & ,bad1 z 9 ! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 b x lies above & 9 a region transc5d+ !m bo?4 ,by ! s]5ity ( 8 ?\ghts a man blots out all actions1 :e!r good or bad4#db ,he does n di/ress himself ) ! ?\ght1 ,:y did ,i n d :at is good8 ,:y did ,i d :at is bad8#dc ,all religions inde$1 by ! v fact ( _! be+ religions1 h indicat$ a sph]e above morality1 to :i* _! foll[]s %all & mu/ aspire4 ,:at else is ,/4 ,paul's reit]at$ *>ge to escape f ! dom9ion ( s9 & law1 into ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god8 ,& 9 all ages ! great my/ics--^? :o /& ne> ! f\nta9-s\rces ( evolution & emanation--h se5 & said ! same4 ,says ,sp9oza3--,) reg>d to good & evil1 ^! t]ms indicate no?+ positive 9 ?+s consid]$ 9 !mselves1 nor are !y any?+ else ?an modes ( ?\ght1 or notions :i* we =m f ! comp>ison ( "o ?+ ) ano!r4 ,= "o & ! same ?+ may at ! same "t be bo? good & evil1 or indiff]5t4#dd ,"h inde$1 9 ^! pregnant words1 we come ^u ! v root ( ! matt]4 ,a ?+1 an action1 may be call$ good or bad 9 respect to a c]ta9 purpose or object2 b 9 itself1 ,no4 ,w9e may be good = ! enc\ragem5t ( sociability1 b may be bad = ! liv]4 ,! ,sabba?-day may be pron\nc$ a b5eficial in/itution f "s po9ts ( view1 b n f o!rs4 ,a scrupul\s respect = private prop]ty may c]ta9ly be a help to settl$ social life2 b ! practice ( ?iev+--z recomm5d$ by ,plato--may be v useful to *eck ! lu/ ( private ri*es4 ,to speak ( w9e z 9 its nature good or bad is manife/ly absurd2 & ! same ( a pi\s respect = private prop]ty or ! ,sabba?-day4 ,^! ?+s are good "u c]ta9 conditions or = c]ta9 purposes1 & bad "u o!r conditions or = o!r purposes4 ,b ( c\rse x belongs & goes ) ! brute ext]nalis+ t5d5cy ( ! m9d1 to /]eotype ! actual mat]ial ?+--:i* %\ld be only ! vehicle ( ! _s--& give x a "* & a cult z good or bad4 ,! ,sabba? ceases to be made = man1 & man is made = ! ,sabba?4 ,law1 ,cu/om1 ,ph>isaism1 & ,self-righte\sness spr+ up & usurp ! sph]e ( morality1 & all ! hi/ories ( savage & civilis$ nations1 ) _! endless feti%es & taboos & sup]/itions & c]emonies1 & ca/e-m>ks & phylact]ies1 & petty regulations & proprieties1--includ+ bitt] scorn & p]secution ( ^? :o d n fulfil !m1--are b illu/rations ( ?is process4 ,all ! prophets & savi\rs ( ! _w h be5 = ! ,_s z aga9/ ! lett]--& ! tea*+s ( all religions h 9 _! turn become lit]alis$ & fossilis$6 ,p]haps !re has be5 no great] anti-lit]al ?an ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & yet p]haps no religion has become m a ?+ ( =ms & dogmas ?an t :i* passes "u 8 "n4 ,ev5 8 c\nsels ( ,g5tl5ess & ,love--:i* "o w\ld inde$ h ?\ght might escape ?is process--h be5 corrupt$ into m]e prescriptions ( morality1 su* z ^? ( ,non-resi/ance1 & ( philan?ropic ,altruism4 ,x seems /range inde$ t s great a man z ,tol/oy %\ld h l5t himself to ?is process--to ! p9n+ d[n ( ! excell5t _s ( ,*ri/ 7:o by ! way 0 man en\gh to drive ! money-*ang]s out ( ! ,temple7 to a m]e =mula1 z "o might p9 a dragon-fly to a labell$ c>d--,?\ %alt n use ,viol5ce3 ?\ %alt n ,resi/6 ,& all ! :ile to cleave to a =mula only means to admit ! evil 9 "s o!r %ape :i* ! =mula does n meet--to =swe> ! /ick only means to resort to rebuke & s>casm 9 self-def5ce1 :i* may inflict m pa9 & a deep] sc>1 & 9 "s cases m injury1 ?an ! /ick2 or if self-def5ce 9 any %ape is q =sworn !n t only means to resign & ab&on "o's place 9 ! _w completely4 ,& ! same ( ! some:at spooney ,altruism1 :i* 0 at "o "t mu* recomm5d$ z ! maxim ( conduct4 ,= all ! :ile x is notori\s t ! specially altrui/ic p are z a rule pa9fully dull & un9t]e/+1 & af=d f> less life & *>m to ^? ar\nd !m ?an _m :o are frankly egoti/ic2 & s by foll[+ a =mula ( ,altruism x seems !y wreck ! v "w !y set be=e !mselves to d--namely1 t ( mak+ ! _w bright]6 ,aga9/ ^! weaknesses ( ,*ri/ianity ,nietzs*e 0 a heal?y reaction4 ,x 0 he insi/$ on ! t]ms good & bad be+ re/or$ to _! prop] use1 z t]ms ( relation--good = :at8 bad = :at8 ,b 8 reaction aga9/ maudl9 altruism & non-resi/ance l$ him t[>ds a pitfall 9 ! opposite direction1 t[>ds ! erection ( ! wor%ip ( ,=ce almo/ into a =mula1 ,?\ %alt use ,viol5ce1 ?\ %alt ,resi/4 ,8 contempt = ! feeble & ! spooney & ! knock-kne$ & ! humbug is v delightful & ent]ta9+1 &1 z ,i say1 heal?y 9 ! s5se ( reaction2 b "o does n get a v cle> idea :at ! /r5g? :i* ,nietzs*e glorifies is =1 or :i!r x is go+ to lead4 ,8 blonde bea/s & 8 laugh+ lions may repres5t ! ,w to ,p[]2 b ,nietzs*e seems to h felt1 himself1 t ?is latt] alone w\ld n suffice1 & s he pass$ on to 8 discov]y or inv5tion ( ! ,beyond-man1--i4e4 ( a *ildlike be+ :o1 )\t argum5t1 affirms & creates1 & be=e :om in/itutions & conv5tions dissolve1 z x 7 ( _! own accord4#de ,?is 0 a /roke ( g5ius2 b ev5 s x leaves d\btful :at ! relation ( su* ,beyond-m5 to ea* o!r may be1 & :e!r1 if !y h no common s\rce ( life1 _! actions w n utt]ly cancel & de/roy ea* o!r4 ,! tru? is t ,nietzs*e nev] really p5etrat$ to ! realisation ( t f>!r /ate ( consci\sness 9 :i* ! deep und]ly+ unity ( man ) ,nature & 8 fell[s is p]ceiv$ & felt4 ,he saw app>5tly t !re is a life & an inspiration ( life beyond all te*nical good & evil4 ,b = "s reason--p>tly because ( ! natural difficulty ( ! subject1 p>tly p]haps because ! ,ea/]n outlook 0 uncong5ial to 8 m9d--he nev] f\nd ! solution :i* he ne$$2 & 8 outl9e ( ! ,sup]man rema9s cl\dy & unc]ta91 vague & v>i\sly int]pret$ by foll[]s & critics4 ,! "q arises1 ,:at d we ne$8 ,we are to-day1 9 ?is matt]1 9 a some:at p>l\s /ate4 ,! old codes ( ,morality are moribund2 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts comm& only a v qualifi$ ass5t2 ! ,*ri/ian religion z a real inspiration ( practical life & conduct is dead2 ! social conv5tions & ,mrs4 ,grundy rema91 feebly gall+ & (fici\s4 ,:at are we to d8 ,are we to bol/] up ! old codes1 9 :i* we h l>gely ceas$ to believe1 m]ely 9 ord] to h a code8--or are we to let !m g8 ,( c\rse1 if we h decid$ :at ! f9al purpose or life ( ,man is1 !n we may say t :at is good = t purpose is f9ally good1 & :at is bad = t purpose is f9ally evil4 ,! ,ea/]n philosophy1 z ,i h said1 decid+ t ! f9al purpose ( ,man is id5tification ) ,brahm1 decl>es all actions to be evil 7ev5 ! mo/ sa9tly7 :i* are done by ! self z sep>ate f ,brahm2 & all actions z good :i* are done 9 ! condition ( vidya or consci\s union4 ,b "h1 ?\gh a f9al good & evil are all[$ & ackn[l$g$1 z exi/+ respectively 9 ! conditions ( vidya or avidya1 ^? conditions altoge!r escape any ext]nal rule or classification4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t ,*e/]ton1 tak+ up ?is subject n long ago 9 a criticism#df ( ,mr4 ,orage's little book on ,nietzs*e1 said t all ?is talk ab\t beyond good & evil 0 nons5se2 t we mu/ h "s code2 & t 9 effect1 any code1 ev5 a bad "o1 0 bett] ?an none4 ,& "o sees :at he means4 ,x is p]fectly true1 9 a s5se1 t ! h>ness1 ! %afts1 & ! bl9k]s keep a l>ge "p ( ! _w on ! beat5 road & out ( ! dit*1 & t folk are always to be f\nd :o1 r ?an use _! high] faculties1 w rely on ^! ext]nal guides2 b to enc\rage ?is k9d ( salvation by bl9k]s seems ! v rev]se ( :at ought to be done2 & "o might ev5 ask :e!r salvation by su* means is salvation at all--:e!r ! dit* 7 n bett]6 ,besides1 :at c we d8 ,x is n s mu* t we are delib]ately ab&on+ ! codes z t !y are ab&on+ u4 ,) ! gradual infiltration ( new ideas1 ( ,ea/]n ?\ght1 ( ,d>w9ian philosophy1 ( cu/oms & cre$s ( races o!r ?an our own1 ) ,b]n>d ,%aw lectur+ on ! futility ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & s =?1 x is n difficult to see t 9 a %ort :ile x w be impossible to rehabilitate any ( ! anci5t codes or to give !m a sanction & a s5se ( awe 9 ! public m9d4 ,if ) ,gilb]t ,*e/]ton we %\ld succe$ 9 bol/]+ up su* a ?+ = a "t--well1 x w only be = a "t4 ,& ! "q is1 :e!r ! "t has n really come = u to /& up--l s5sible m5 & wom5--& d )\t rules2 :e!r we _c tru/ ourselves at la/ to ?r[ aside ! bl9k]s4 ,! "q is :e!r we _c realise t solid & c5tral life :i* und]lies & yet surpasses all rules4 ,= truly1 if we _c d ?is1 our /ate is pitiable--hav+ ceas$ to believe 9 ! lett] ( ,morality1 & yet unable to f9d its _s6 ,x is "h1 !n1 t ! ,new ,morality comes 91 z m or less cle>ly und]/ood & express$ by ! progressive sections to-day4 ,mod]n ,socialism1 9 effect1 tak+ up a position 9 its way some:at simil> to t ( ,ea/]n philosophy1 says3 ,morality 9 its ess5ce is n a code1 b simply ! realisation ( ! ,common ,life2#dg & t is a ?+ :i* is n =eign & ali5 to humanity1 b v g]mane & natural to x--a ?+ s natural t )\t d\bt x w\ld be m 9 evid5ce ?an x is1 did n ! in/itutions & tea*+s ( ,we/]n civilisation t5d all along to d5y & disguise x4 ,to lib]ate ?is in/9ct ( ! ,common ,life1 free+ x f h>d & cramp+ rules1 & to let x take its own =m or =ms--graft$ on & v>i$ ( c\rse by ! p]sonal & selective elem5t ( ,affection & ,sympa?y--is ! hope t lies be=e ! _w to-day = ! solution ( all sorts ( moral & social problems4 ,& ! m ?is position is ?\ght ov]1 ! m1 ,i believe1 w x comm5d itself4 ,! s5se ( organic unity1 ( ! common welf>e1 ! in/9ct ( ,humanity1 or ( g5]al helpfulness1 are ?+s :i* run 9 all directions ?r\gh ! v fibre ( our individual & social life--j z !y d ?r\gh t ( ! greg>i\s animals4 ,9 a ?\s& ways3 ?r\gh h]$ity & ! fact t common ance/ral blood fl[s 9 our ve9s--?\gh we be only /rang]s t pass 9 ! /reet2 ?r\gh psy*ology1 & ! simil>ity ( /ructure & concat5ation 9 our m9ds2 ?r\gh social l9kage1 & ! necessity ( ea* & all to ! o!rs' economic welf>e2 ?r\gh p]sonal affection & ! ties ( ! he>t2 & ?r\gh ! my/ic & religi\s s5se :i*1 div+ deep bel[ p]sonalities1 p]ceives ! va/ flood ( univ]sal be+--9 ^! & _m o!r ways does ?is ,common ,life compel u to recognise itself z a fact--p]haps ! mo/ fundam5tal fact ( exi/5ce4 ,to tea* ?is simple f\ndational fact & :at fl[s f x to e *ild--n only z a !ory1 b z a practical habit & inspiration ( conduct--is n really difficult1 b easy4 ,*ildr51 hav+ ?is s5se wov5 into _! v be+1 gr[ up 9 ! _s & practical habitude ( x1 & f ! beg9n+ possess ! inspiration ( :at we call ,morality--f> m effectually inde$ ?an copy-book maxims c provide4 ,respect = tru?1 consid]ation t[>ds p>5ts & eld]s1 respect = ! reasonable prop]ties1 dignities1 conv5i5ces ( o!rs1 z well z = "o's own ne$s & dignities1 become p]fectly natural & habitual4 ,& t ?is is no m]e hypo!sis ! example ( ,japan has lately %[n :]e e "y ?+ is br\ght up s f> dr5*$ 9 ! s5tim5t ( community t to give "o's life = "o's c\ntry is look$ ^u z a privilege4#dh ,! g5]al l9es1 ,i say1 ( morality w\ld be secure1 & mu* m secure ?an !y n[ are1 if we c\ld only br+ ! *ildr5 up 9 an educational & practical atmosph]e ( t solid>ity :i* z a matt] ( fact is dem&$ to-day by socialism & ! economic movem5t g5]ally4 ,& on ?is gr\nd-"w1 z ,i h h9t$1 ,p]sonal ,affection & ,sympa?y w\ld build a sup]/ructure ( _! own2 !y w\ld outl9e a society z mu* m beautiful1 p[]ful & closely knit ?an ! pres5t "o f\nd$ on ! ,ca%-nexus1 z1 say1 ! ,a!nian society ( ! "t ( ,p]icles 0 sup]ior to t ( ! ,lapi? :o fir/ bitt$ & bridl$ ! horse4 ,:ile ! g5]al ,life1 equal1 p]vasive1 & 9 a s5se undiff]5tiat$1 is a great fact :i* has to be ackn[l$g$2 s ?is p]sonal ,love & ,affection1 *oos+1 select+1 & giv+ outl9e & =m to t life1 is equally a fact1 equally und5iable1 equally sacr$--& "o :i* has to be tak5 9 conjunction ) ! o!r4 ,i say equally sacr$3 because !re has be5 a t5d5cy 7no d\bt due to c]ta9 causes7 to look ^u p]sonal affection1 9 its v>i\s phases f slight incl9ations ( sympa?y to ! /rong] compulsions ( passion1 z some?+ r dubi\s 9 "*1 at be/ an amiable weakness n to be enc\rag$4 ,tol/oy1 9 "o ( 8 writ+s1 figures ! case ( a little h\sehold 9 days ( fam9e n really hav+ bread en\gh = _! own wants4 ,!n a /rang] *ild comes to ! door & pleads = food4 ,tol/oy sugge/s t ! "m ought to take ! scanty cru/ f h] own *ild to fe$ ! /rang] )al1 or at lea/ to %>e ! food equally betwe5 ! two *ildr54 ,b su* a conclusion seems to me d\btful4 ,:atev] ought may mean 9 su* a connexion1 we "k pretty well t su* nev] w be ! rule ( human life1 we may almo/ say nev] c be2 p]haps we %\ld be equally ju/ifi$ 9 say+1 nev] ought to be4 ,= obvi\sly !re mu/ be pref]5ces1 selections4 ,our affections1 our aff9ities1 our sympa?ies1 our passions1 are n giv5 u = no?+4 ,x is n = no?+ t e individual p]son1 e tree1 e animal has a %ape1 a %ape ( its own4 ,if x 7 n s ! _w w\ld be inf9itely1 inconceivably1 dull4 ,yet to ask t a "m %\ld 9 all cases treat /range *ildr5 exactly ! same z h] own1 t a man f ! oceanic multitude %\ld s+le out no special or privileg$ fri5ds1 b %\ld love all alike1 is to ask t ^! folk 9 _! m5tal & moral nature %\ld become z jellyfi%--( no di/9ct %ape or satisfaction to !mselves or any "o else4 ,pr(\nd & indisp5sable z is ! ,law ( ,equality--! law1 namely1 t !re is a region )9 all be+s :]e !y t\* to a common & equal life--! o!r law1 t ( ,individual pr$ilection1 is equally indisp5sable4 ,try to r$uce all to ! "o motive ( ! g5]al int]e/1 & y might h a p]fect morality1 b a morality wood5y1 h>d & dull1 )\t =m & feature4 ,try to disp5se ) ?is1 & to f\nd society on individual affection & love1 & on individual initiative1 )\t morals1 & y w\ld h a flighty1 un/able ?+1 )\t consi/5cy or backbone4 ,my cont5tion1 !n1 is t our hope = ! future society lies 9 its embodim5t ( ^! two great pr9ciples jo9tly3 7#a7 ! recognition ( ! ,common ,life z provid+ ! f\ndation-elem5t ( g5]al morality1 & 7#b7 ! recognition ( ,individual ,affection & ,expression--& to a mu* great] degree ?an hi!rto--z build+ up ! high] gr\p+s & f9] =ms ( ! /ructure4 ,& 9 proportion z 7#a7 provides a solid] basis ( morals ?an we h hi!rto _h1 s w x be possible to give to 7#b7 a wid? ( scope & fre$om ( action hi!rto untri$ or untru/$4 ,conjo9tly ) ! /r5g!n+ ( ^! pr9ciples ( ,solid>ity & ,affection 9 society mu/ ( c\rse come ! /r5g!n+ ( ,individuality--! "r & ! desire ( e be+ to pres]ve & develop its own prop] %ape1 & s to add to ! ri*ness & int]e/ ( life--& ?is involves ! "r ( ,resi/ance1 & 7once m7 ! relegation ( ! =mula ( non-resi/ance into ! backgr\nd4 ,^! consid]ations1 h[ev]1 are lead+ u too f> afield1 & away f ! special subject ( our pap]4 ,i m5tion !m *iefly 9 ord] to %[ t :ile we are consid]+ ,morality z a f\ndation-elem5t ( ,society1 x mu/ nev] be lo/ sight ( t x is n ! only elem5t1 & t x w\ld be comp>atively s5seless & useless unless graft$ on & complem5t$ & complet$ by ! o!rs4 ,! me?od ( ! ,new ,morality1 !n1 w be to m9imise =mul1 & 7except z illu/rations7 to use !m sp>ely2 & to br+ *ildr5 up--& s indirectly all citiz5s--9 su* conditions ( ab\nd+ life & heal? t _! sympa?ies1 ov]fl[+ naturally to ^? ar\nd1 w cause !m to realise 9 ! /ronge/ way _! organic "p 9 ! great :ole ( society--& ?is n z an intellectual !ory1 s mu* z an abid+ consci\sness & f\ndation-fact ( _! own exi/5ce4 ,make ?is ! basis ( all tea*+4 ,make !m realise--by all sorts ( habit & example--t to injure or deceive o!rs is to injure !mselves--t to help o!rs someh[ satisfies & =tifies _! own inn] life4 ,let !m le>n1 z !y gr[ up1 to reg>d all human be+s1 ( :atev] race or class1 z ends 9 !mselves--nev] to be look$ ^u z m]e ?+s or *attels to be made use (4 ,let !m also le>n to look ^u ! animals 9 ! same light--z be+s1 !y too1 :o are climb+ ! great ladd] ( creation--be+s ) :om also we humans h a common _s & int]e/4 ,& let !m le>n to respect !mselves z wor?y & indisp5sable memb]s ( ?is great ,body4 ,?us w be e/abli%$ a true ,morality--a morality f> m se>*+1 m consid]ate ( o!rs1 m adaptive & m g5u9e ?an t ( ! pres5t day--a morality1 we may say1 ( common-s5se4 ,= x may inde$ be said t ,morality--tak+ a d[nright & almo/ physiological view ( x--is simply abundance ( life4 ,t is1 t :5 a man has s ab\nd+ & vital an inn] nature t 8 sympa?ies & activities ov]fl[ ! m>g9 ( 8 own petty days & p]sonal advantage1 he is by t fact ent]+ ! doma9 ( morality4 ,be=e t "t & :ile limit$ to ! p]sonal organism1 ! creative life 9 ea* be+ is ei!r non-moral l t ( ! animals1 or simply selfi% l t ( ! immature man2 b :5 x ov]fl[s ?is limit x necess>ily becomes social1 & moves to ! support & consid]ation ( ! neighb\r4 ,hav+ =m]ly f\nd its complete activity 9 ! su/5tation ( ! p]sonal self x n[ spreads its helpful en]gies into ! lives ( ! o!r selves ar\nd4 ,altruism1 9 fact1 9 its heal?y =ms1 is ! ov]fl[ ( ab\nd+ vitality4 ,x is a morality )\t a code1 & happily free f limit+ =mul4#di ,& if x be aga9 said t a morality ( ?is k9d1 :i* re/s on a pr9ciple & a m5tal attitude only1 is a dang]1 let u pause = a mom5t to consid] h[ mu* m dang]\s is "o :i* re/s on =mul4 ,if morality )\t a code is a s]i\s matt]1 h[ mu* m s]i\s is "o :i* is nail$ up )9 a code6 ,= look+ back on hi/ory x w\ld sometimes seem t ! black-&-:ite1 ! ?is-?+-"r-&-t-?+-wrong morality has be5 ! mo/ wick$ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,x has be5 an excuse = all ! mo/ devili% de$s & p]secutions imag9able4 ,a =mula ( ! ,sabba?-day1 a =mula ab\t ,wit*craft1 a =mula ( ,m>riage 7reg>dless ( ! real human relation71 a =mula conc]n+ ,!ft 7reg>dless ( ! dire ne$ ( ! ?ief7--& burn+s1 hang+s1 tortur+s )\t m]cy6 ,! t]rible ?+ ab\t ?is ,"r-&-,wrong morality is n only t x leads to ^! dreadful reprisals2 b t x br&s ^u ! victim z well z ^u ! oppressor ! fatu\s notions t a c]ta9 ?+ is "r or wrong1 & t :at "o has to d is to save oneself--two notions bo? ( :i* are directly contr>y to true ,morality4 ,a boy tells a v]bal lie--p]haps ?r\gh fe>1 p]haps ?r\gh inadv]t5ce4 ,he has brok5 a =mula & is imm$iately can$4 ,moral3 he w keep to v]bal tru? aft]w>ds--h[ev] mean or insidi\s x may be--& be ph>isaically self-satisfi$2 b he w nev] realise t ! importance ( tru? & lies re/s n 9 ! words1 b 9 ! confid5ce & mutual tru/ :i* !y ei!r create or de/roy4 ,! peculi>ly ,engli% wor%ip ( ,duty is op5 to ! same objection4 ,lilies t fe/] smell f> worse ?an we$s1 & spl5did z is ! conception & practice ( ,duty1 z a self-oblivi\s inspiration & en?usiasm1 x becomes a truly revolt+ ?+ :5 x takes ! all-too-common =m ,i h done my ,duty1 ,i'm all "r6 ,i am go+ to d my ,duty1 :atev] becomes ( y4 ,c any?+ be imag9$ m dis9tegrat+ to society1 m c]ta9 to split x up into a du/heap ( self-reg>d+ units1 ?an a =mula ( ?is k9d8 ,x is my pa9ful ,duty to condemn y to be hang$ by ! neck until y are dead1 says ! ,judge to ! wret*$ girl :o1 9 a fr5zy ( despair1 has dr[n$ h] baby4 ,:at he really means is t :ile he p]fectly recognises ! mon/rosity ( ! ,law :i* he has sworn to adm9i/]1 & ! s\l-kill+ effect on ! girl :i* 8 s5t5ce may h1 yet 9 ord] to save himself f ! risk or ! wrong ( break+ t ,law1 he is will+ & ready to pron\nce t s5t5ce4 ,x is my duty to burn y1 says ! ,inquisitor to ! h]etic2 & ! implication is really1 ,i am afraid t if ,i d n burn y ,i %all get burnt myself1 9 ! next _w4 ,! soon] an end c be made ( ?is sort ( morality1 ! bett]--:i* "u ! cloak ( public advantage or b5efit is only ?9k+ ab\t self-promotion & self-int]e/1 ei!r 9 ?is _w or ! next1 & :i* truly is calculat$ n to fur!r human solid>ity b to de/roy x4 ,x runs & trickles ?r\gh all ( mod]n society1 poison+ ! well-spr+s ( affection1 ?is morality :i*1 hav+ paid its dome/ic s]vants _! regul> wages1 is q satisfi$ ) itself1 & expects !m to d _! duty 9 return1 b is sil5t ab\t _! real ne$s & welf>e2 :i* treats its wage-work]s z simple ma*9es = ! gr9d+ out ( pr(its1 & lifts its eyebr[s 9 s]5e surprise :5 !y retaliate aga9/ su* treatm5t2 :i* c only reg>d a crim9al z a p]son :o has brok5 a =mula1 & 9 return mu/ be puni%$ accord+ to a =mula2 & a pig z an animal = :i* y provide reasonable prov5d] & a /ye1 & :i* 9 return y are entitl$ to eat4 ,ph>isaical1 self-c5tr$ & self-int]e/$1 mat]iali/ic to ! la/ degree1 & really s5seless 9 its outlook1 ?is curr5t morality is inde$1 & v s]i\sly1 a public p]il4 ,?\ %alt n /eal3 an empty feat1 ,:5 x's s lucrative to *eat4 ,keep )9 ! code1 )9 ! lett]2 always speak ! nom9al tru? 7:oev] may suff] !reby72 keep up ! accept$ =mul ( m>riage & ! sex-relation 7?\gh he>ts may be ble$+ & p]i%+72 pay e respect to prop]ty1 & s =?2 & y may h ! gratification ( be+ look$ ^u z a bulw>k ( society4 ,b none ! less x is probable t y are und]m9+ & corrupt+ t society to ! core4 ,y\r outlook is m]ely on ! surface1 :ile y are condon+ deep-seat$ ill4 ,( c\rse ! ,new ,morality--to look )91 to feel & ref] to ! ne$s ( o!rs almo/ z in/9ctively z to "o's own1 to refuse to reg>d any ?+ z 9 itself good or bad1 & to look ^u all be+s1 oneself includ$1 z ends 9 !mselves & n z a means ( p]sonal self-advancem5t & glorification--:ile x is ! m natural1 is also ! m difficult 9 a s5se1 z provid+ no set patt]n or rule4 ,b surely ! "t has arriv$ = its adoption4 ,x is ! morality :i* mu/ und]lie ! fre]1 m v>i$ =ms ( ! society ( ! future2 & x is ! only escape f ! corruption ( ! old ord]4 ,to take p>ticul> examples4 ,tru?1 9 ^w or act1 is--we all feel--v important1 v fundam5tal4 ,x is ! basis ( ! common und]/&+ ( :i* ,i h spok54 ,x is ! basis ( ! expression ( oneself1 & ( ! recognition ( o!rs4 ,any "o :o is deeply imbu$ ) ! consci\sness ( ! common life w necess>ily h a deep respect = ! ,tru?2 he w also h a deep respect = ! ,life1 ! ,prop]ty1 ! good ,"n1 ! ,affections1 & s =?1 ( o!rs1 z well z = 8 own simil> attributes4 ,he w n be able to say1 z a =mula3 ,i w nev] deceive ano!r 7tell a lie72 ,i w nev] take ! life ( o!rs1 man or animal 7kill72 & s on1 because he kn[s !re are situations 9 :i* t v ,life aris+ )9 him1 or ev5 8 own absolute necessity1 w dem& su* actions1 w compel him to ! p]=mance ( !m2 b all ! same he w 9 8 ord9>y exi/5ce c>ry out ! pr9ciple :i* und]lies ^! =mul1 & mu* m ?or\ghly1 probably1 ?an ! =mul !mselves w\ld dem&4 ,simil>ly ab\t su* matt]s z sexual morality4 ,!re are outcries aga9/ ,lady-,godiva-%[s & liv+ /atu>y--app>5tly because folk are afraid ( su* ?+s r\s+ ! passions4 ,no d\bt ! ?+s may act t way4 ,b :y1 we may ask1 %\ld p be afraid ( r\s+ passions :i*1 aft] all1 are ! great driv+ =ces ( human life8 ,cle>ly x is because !y ?9k ! o!r =ces :i* %\ld guide ^! passions or give !m a helpful & useful direction are too weak4 ,& 9 ?is la/ respect !y are "r4 ,! guid+ & inhibit+ =ces 9 our pres5t society are feeble--because !y consi/ only 9 a few conv5tional =mul1 :i* are rapidly be+ und]m9$4 ,we are g5]at+ /eam 9 a boil] :i* is already cank]$ ) ru/4 ,! cure is n to cut (f ! passions1 or to be weakly afraid ( !m1 b to f9d a new1 s\nd1 heal?y eng9e ( g5]al morality & common-s5se )9 :i* !y w "w4 ,& ?is is :at 9 ! future we mu/ try to d4 ,?is morality1 ?is organic1 vital1 almo/ physiological morality ( ! common life--:i* means a quick response ( ea* unit to ! ne$s ( ! o!r units1 & mu* ! same 9 ! body politic z heal? means 9 ! physical body--mu/ und]lie & be ! basis ( ! societies ( ! future4 ,x w mean ! lib]ation ( a ?\s& & "o in/9cts1 desires & capacities :i* s9ce our *ildhood's days h la9 buri$ )9 u1 conceal$ & ignor$ because we h ?\ght !m wrong or unwor?y1 :5 really all !y h want$ has be5 recognition & ! opportunity to become heal?y by recognition--by ! process 9 fact ( balanc+ aga9/ ea* o!r1 & aga9/ oppos+ & complem5t>y elem5ts1 & s f9d+ _! places 9 ! ,:ole4 ,on ?is new ,morality ( acceptance & recognition & wide-rea*+ r$emption1 x w be possible1 z ,i h already said1 to graft n only a /rong] expression ( individuality all r\nd1 b also a high] & m v>i$ & m graci\s life ( p]sonal affection--:i* n[ alas6 lies l a ?+ w\nd$ & half dead4 ,its e/abli%m5t w1 ,i take x1 mean ! oncom+ ( a society :i* w lib]ate p]sonal affection & love--w lib]ate =ces hi!rto artificially crippl$ because _! lib]ation w\ld te> our curr5t morality ( =mul to m]e rags & tatt]s4 ,x means1 ,i take x1 ! oncom+ ( a society ^: ma9 motive w no long] be ! /ruggle = ,bread 7s9ce t is rul$ out by ! enorm\s gr[? ( our weal?-produc+ p[]s71 b ! desire = ! satisfaction ( ! ,he>t--?us prep>+ no d\bt new & un=ese5 difficulties & suff]+s1 yet fill+ life ) su* beautiful ?+s t ! motives ( gre$ & ! mean pursuit ( money1 :i* n[ weigh ^u ! _w1 w be l an evil nightm>e ( ! ,pa/ f :i* ! dawn deliv]s u4 ,,footnotes3 #db ,maitrayana-,brahmana-,upani%ad1 vi4 #cd1 #d4 #dc ,taittiriyaka-,up1 ii4 #i1 etc4 #dd ,sp9oza's ,e?ic1 "p iv4 #de ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,nietzs*e supposes ?ree /ages ( ! _s--7#a7 ! ,camel1 7#b7 ! ,lion1 & 7#c7 ! ,*ild4 ,& ! ,beyond-man prop]ly corresponds to ! la/ /age4 #df ,daily ,news1 ,decemb] #bi1 #aijf4 #dg ,i ne$ h>dly say t ?is does n mean1 z ,nietzs*e s (t5 & s>donically sugge/s1 ! realisation ( ! common-place life1 b some?+ v diff]5t4 #dh ,_m ,japanese committ$ suicide on acc\nt ( n be+ all[$ to jo9 9 ! ,russian ,w>4 ,see also ,lafcadio ,he>n's description ( ! habitual dignity & c\rtesy ( ! y\? ( ,japan4--,life & ,lett]s1 vol4 i1 pp4 #ab1 #aac4 #di ,?is morality1 inde$1 may be said to be implicit 9 mu* ( ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/2 yet1 curi\sly en\gh1 x has nev] be5 s]i\sly adopt$ by ! ,*ur*es4 ,& z to ! reg>d = animals z ends 9 !mselves1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ,i believe1 positively repudiates any su* attitude4 ,,app5dix ,z ! au?or's attacks 9 ! body ( ?is book ^u ! ,civilisation peoples h sometimes be5 reg>d$ z extreme & unju/ifi$1 x has be5 ?\ght appropriate1 "h 9 ! ,app5dix1 to collect a few notes f reliable au?orities on ! *>act]i/ics & cu/oms ( pre-civilis$ m5--n s mu* ( c\rse ) ! object ( prov+ ! latt] always sup]ior to ! =m]1 z ( br++ to light ! _m admirable virtues ( ! e>ly peoples1 :i* a *eap mod]n civilisation has neglect$ or some:at contemptu\sly ignor$4 ,no "o w\ld d5y t !re are _m cases ( primitive folk--folk unclean & ignorant & absurdly sup]/iti\s--:o c h>dly be said to comm& our admiration4 ,on ! o!r h& !re are a va/ numb] ( cases ( an opposite sort--cases :i* pres5t to u ! realisation ( "s rem>kable human *>act]i/ic or social capacity well wor?y ( consid]ation or ev5 ( imitation4 ,if our ,civilisation is ev] to move on to "s =m bett] ?an ! pres5t1 x is ^! latt] cases :i* ought to be ( assi/ance2 = !y n only direct our att5tion to human possibilities1 b by %[+ :at has be5 realis$ 9 ! pa/ assure u t su* ideals are by no means unatta9able n[4 ,x is !re=e ) a view to cases ( ?is k9d t ! foll[+ ,app5dix has be5 fram$4 ,e4 ,c4 ,civilisation does n ,engross all ! ,virtues4 ,quotations f ,h]man ,melville's ,typee1 pp4 #bbe1 etc4 7,john ,murray1 #ahfa47 ,civilisation does n engross all ! virtues ( humanity3 %e has n ev5 h] full %>e ( !m4 ,!y fl\ri% 9 great] abundance & atta9 great] /r5g? among _m b>b>\s p4 ,! hospitality ( ! wild ,arab1 ! c\rage ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian1 & ! fai?ful fri5d%ips ( "s ( ! ,polynesian nations1 f> surpass any?+ ( a simil> k9d among ! poli%$ communities ( ,europe4 ,if tru? & ju/ice1 & ! bett] pr9ciples ( our nature1 _c exi/ unless en=c$ by ! /atute-book1 h[ are we to acc\nt = ! social condition ( ! ,typees8 ,s pure & upright 7 !y 9 all ! relations ( life1 t ent]+ _! valley1 z ,i did1 "u ! mo/ errone\s impressions ( _! "*1 ,i 0 soon l$ to exclaim 9 amazem5t3 ',are ^! ! f]oci\s savages1 ! blood?ir/y cannibals ( :om ,i h he>d su* frightful tales6 ,!y deal m k9dly ) ea* o!r1 & are m humane1 ?an _m :o /udy essays on virtue & b5evol5ce1 & :o repeat e night t beautiful pray] brea!d fir/ by ! lips ( ! div9e & g5tle ,jesus4' ,i w frankly decl>e1 t aft] pass+ a few weeks 9 ?is valley ( ! ,m>quesas1 ,i =m$ a high] e/imate ( human nature ?an ,i _h ev] be=e ent]ta9$4 ,b alas6 s9ce !n ,i h be5 "o ( ! crew ( a man-(-w>1 & ! p5t-up wick$ness ( five hundr$ m5 has ne>ly ov]turn$ all my previ\s !ories4 99 99 99 99 99 ,h[ little d "s ( ^! poor isl&]s compreh5d1 :5 !y look ar\nd !m1 t no inconsid]able "p ( _! disa/]s orig9ate 9 c]ta9 tea-p>ty excitem5ts1 "u ! influ5ce ( :i* b5evol5t-look+ g5tlem5 9 :ite cravats solicit alms1 & old ladies 9 spectacles1 & "y ladies 9 sob] russet l[ g[ns1 contribute sixp5ces t[>ds ! creation ( a fund1 ! object ( :i* is to ameliorate ! spiritual condition ( ! ,polynesians1 b ^: end has almo/ inv>iably be5 to accompli% _! temporal de/ruction6 ,let ! savages be civilis$1 b civilise !m ) b5efits1 & n ) evils2 & let hea!nism be de/roy$1 b n by de/roy+ ! hea!n4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon hive h extirpat$ ,paganism f ! great] "p ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t2 b ) x !y h likewise extirpat$ ! great] portion ( ! ,r$ race4 ,civilisation is gradually sweep+ f ! e>? ! l+]+ ve/iges ( ,paganism1 & at ! same "t ! %r9k+ =ms ( its unhappy wor%ipp]s4 ,among ! isl&s ( ,polynesia1 no soon] are ! images ov]turn$1 ! temples demoli%$1 & ! idolat]s conv]t$ into nom9al ,*ri/ians1 ?an disease1 vice1 & premature dea? make _! appe>ance4 ,! depopulat$ l& is !n recruit$ f ! rapaci\s hordes ( enlight5$ individuals :o settle !mselves )9 its bord]s1 & clamor\sly ann\nce ! progress ( ! ,tru?4 ,neat villas1 trim g>d5s1 %av5 lawns1 spires1 & cupolas arise1 :ile ! poor savage soon f9ds himself an int]lop] 9 ! c\ntry ( 8 fa!rs1 & t too on ! v site ( ! hut :]e he 0 born4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dur+ my :ole /ay on ! isl& ,i nev] witness$ a s+le qu>rel1 nor any ?+ t 9 ! slighte/ degree approa*$ ev5 to a dispute4 ,! natives appe>$ to =m "o h\sehold1 ^: memb]s 7 b\nd toge!r by ! ties ( /rong affection4 ,! love ( k9dr$ ,i did n s mu* p]ceive1 = x seem$ bl5d$ 9 ! g5]al love2 & :]e all 7 treat$ z bro!rs & si/]s1 x 0 h>d to tell :o 7 actually relat$ to ea* o!r by blood4 ,let x n be suppos$ t ,i h ov]drawn ?is picture4 ,i h n done s4 ,nor let x be urg$ t ! ho/ility ( ?is tribe to =eign]s1 & ! h]$it>y feuds !y c>ry on aga9/ _! fell[-isl&]s beyond ! m\nta9s1 are facts :i* contradict me4 ,n s3 ^! app>5t discrepancies are easily reconcil$4 ,by _m a leg5d>y tale ( viol5ce & wrong1 z well z by ev5ts :i* h pass$ be=e _! eyes1 ^! p h be5 taught to look ^u :ite m5 ) abhorr5ce4 ,! cruel invasion ( _! c\ntry by ,port] has alone furni%$ !m ) ample provocation2 & ,i c sympa?ize 9 ! _s :i* prompts ! ,typee w>rior to gu>d all ! passes to 8 valley ) ! po9t ( 8 levell$ spe>1 &1 /&+ ^u ! bea*1 ) 8 back turn$ ^u 8 gre5 home1 to hold at bay ! intrud+ ,european4 ,influ5ces ( ,civilisation ,f ,r4 ,l4 ,/ev5son's ,9 ! ,s\? ,seas1 p4 #dc4 7,*atto & ,w9dus1 #aijh47 ,x is ask$ ,0 n ! ,polynesian always un*a/e8 ,d\btless he 0 s always3 d\btless he is m s s9ce ! com+ ( 8 rem>kably *a/e visitors f ,europe4 ,take ! ,hawaiian acc\nt ( ,cook3 ,i h no d\bt x is entirely fair4 ,take ,krus5/]n's c&id1 almo/ innoc5t description ( a ,russian man-(-w> at ! ,m>quesas2 consid] ! disgraceful hi/ory ( missions 9 ,hawaii itself 444 add ! practice ( :al+ fleets to call at ! ,m>quesas & c>ry (f a complem5t ( wom5 = ! cruise 444 & be> 9 m9d h[ x 0 ! cu/om ( ! adv5tur]s1 & we may almo/ say ! bus9ess ( ! mission>ies1 to d]ide & infract ev5 ! mo/ salut>y tapus 7taboos74 ,capta9 ,cook at ,owyhee 9 #agii ,f 8 ,life & ,voyages1 p4 #cgi4 7,george ,newnes1 #aijd47 ,9 ! progress ( ! int]c\rse :i* 0 ma9ta9$ betwe5 our voyag]s & ! natives1 ! quiet & in(f5sive behavi\r ( ! latt] took away e appreh5sion ( dang]1 s t ! ,engli% tru/$ !mselves among !m at all times & 9 all situations4 ,! in/ances ( k9dness & civility :i* our p exp]i5c$ f !m 7 s num]\s t !y c\ld n easily be rec\nt$4 ,a society ( prie/s1 9 p>ticul>1 display$ a g5]osity & munific5ce ( :i* no equal example _h hi!rto be5 giv53 = !y furni%$ a con/ant supply ( hogs & vegetables to our navigators1 )\t ev] dem&+ a return1 or ev5 h9t+ at x 9 ! mo/ di/ant mann]4 ,( ! isl& ( ,wateeoo 7p4 #cji71 ! inhabitants are v num]\s1 & _m ( ! "y m5 7 p]fect models 9 %ape4 ,natives ( ,tahiti ,f ,havelock ,ellis' ,sex 9 relation to ,society1 p4 #adh4 7#aiaj47 ,! example ( ,tahiti is in/ructive z reg>ds ! preval5ce ( *a/ity among peoples ( :at we g5]ally consid] l[ grades ( civilisation4 ,an e>ly explor]1 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/] 7,obs]vations made on a voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 #aggh71 speaks ( ! f9e climate & ! beauty ( ! females1 z invit+ p[]fully to ! enjoym5ts & pleasures ( love4 ,yet he is ov] & ov] aga9 impell$ to set d[n facts :i* be> te/imony to ! virtues ( ^! p4 ,?\gh r effem9ate 9 build !y are a?letic1 he says4 ,moreov] 9 _! w>s !y fight ) great brav]y & val\r4 ,!y are1 = ! re/1 hospitable4 ,he rem>ks t !y treat _! m>ri$ wom5 ) great respect1 & t wom5 g5]ally are ne>ly ! equals ( m51 bo? 9 intellig5ce & social position2 he gives a *>m+ description ( ! wom54 ',9 %ort _! "*1' he concludes1 'is z amiable z t ( any nation t ev] came unimprov$ out ( ! h&s ( ,nature'6444 ,:5 ,cook1 cont9ues ,ellis1 :o visit$ ,tahiti _m times1 0 among ?is 'b5evol5t1 humane' p1 he not$ _! e/eem = *a/ity1 & f\nd t n only 7 betro!d girls /rictly gu>d$ be=e m>riage1 b t m5 also :o _h refra9$ f sexual int]c\rse = "s "t be=e m>riage 7 believ$ to pass at dea? imm$iately into ! abode ( ! bless$4 ,radack--"o ( ! ,c>ol9e ,isl&s ,f ,*amisso's ,reise um die ,welt1 p4 #ahc4 7,leipzig47 ,?us we made acqua9tance ) a p :o h ende>$ !mselves to me m ?an any o!rs ( ! *ildr5 ( ,e>?4 ,! v weaknesses ( ! ,radack folk remov$ mi/ru/ on our side2 _! v g5tl5ess & goodness caus$ !m to be tru/ful t[>ds u1 ! all-p[]ful /rang]s2 we became decl>$ fri5ds4 ,i f\nd among !m simple1 unsophi/icat$ mann]s1 *>m1 natural grace1 & ! pleasant bloom ( mode/y4 ,9 ! matt]1 c]ta9ly1 ( /r5g? & manly indep5d5ce ! ,o-,waihi] ,owyhees are greatly _! sup]iors4 ,my fri5d1 ,kadu1 :o1 ?\gh n belong+ to ?is isl&-gr\p1 atta*$ himself to u1 0 "o ( ! f9e/ *>act]s ,i h ev] met & "o ( ! mo/ de> to me ( human be+s2 & he aft]w>ds became my in/ructor ) reg>d to ,radack & ! ,c>ol9e ,isl&s4 ,adaptation ( ,e>ly ,peoples to ,surr\nd+s ,,! ,,d9kas 7,c5tral ,africa73 f ,grogan's ,cape to ,cairo1 p4 #bgh4 7,hur/ ,blackett1 #aijj47 ,e "o 9 ,d9ka-l& c>ries a long spe>1 or po9t$ fi%-spe>1 & a club made ( a heavy purple wood1 :ile ! m important g5tlem5 we> enorm\s ivory bracelets r\nd _! upp] arm2 /rict nudity is ! fa%ion1 & a m>ab\t fea!r 9 ! hair is ! ess5ce ( *ic4 ,!y are all beautifully built1 hav+ broad %\ld]s1 small wai/1 good hips1 & well-%ap$ legs4 ,! /ature ( "s is colossal4 ,x 0 mo/ curi\s to see h[ ^! ,d9kas1 liv+ z !y d 9 ! m>%es1 approximate to ! type ( ! wat]bird4 ,!y h mu* ! same walk z a h]on1 pick+ _! feet up v high & ?ru/+ !m well =w>d2 :ile _! feet are enorm\s4 ,_! colossal height is inde$ a great advantage 9 ! re$ gr[n c\ntry 9 :i* !y live4 ,! fav\rite pose ( a ,d9ka 7on "o foot1 ) ! o!r foot re/+ on ! knee7 is 9 reality ! fav\rite pose ( a wat] bird4444 ,!y are ! complete anti!sis ( ! pigmy1 z ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y live is ! complete anti!sis ( ! d5se =e/ :i* is ! home ( ! dw>fs4444 ,our camp 0 ne> a l>ge village :]e !re 7 at lea/ #a1ejj head ( cattle1 besides %eep & goats1 & ! *ief br\ght me a f9e fat bull-calf--:i* settl$ ! n]v\s "q ( food = two days4444 ,! rambl+ village ) its gr\ps ( figures & long l9es ( home-com+ cattle1 dimly se5 9 ! smoke ( a hundr$ fires z ,i approa*$ at sunset1 0 v picturesque4 ,,! ,,pigmies3 f ,cape to ,cairo1 pp4 #add & #afa4 ,! pigmies h no settl$ villages1 nor d !y cultivate any?+4 ,!y live ! life ( ! brute 9 ! =e/s1 p]petually w&]+ 9 se>* ( honey or 9 pursuit ( elephant2 :5 !y succe$ 9 kill+ any?+1 !y ?r[ up a few grass %elt]s & rema9 !re till all ! meat is ei!r eat5 or dri$4 ,!y dep5d ^u ! o!r natives = ! necess>y gra91 :i* !y ei!r /eal or b>t] = elephant meat or honey4 ,all _! knives1 spe>heads & arr[-heads !y likewise pur*ase f o!r p1 b !y make _! own b[s & arr[s4 ,s well are ^! made t !y are held 9 great e/eem by ! surr\nd+ p4 444 ,an h\r lat] ,i met an eld]ly pigmy 9 ! =e/ & manag$ to induce him to talk4 ,he 0 a spl5did little fell[1 full ( self-confid5ce1 & gave me mo/ concise in=mation1 /at+ t ! :ite man ) _m belong+s _h pass$ ne> by two days be=e1 & _h !n gone d[n to ! lake-%ore1 :]e he 0 camp$ at t mom5t4 ,^! p mu/ h a wond]ful code ( signs & signals1 z despite _! isolat$ & nomadic exi/5ce !y always "k exactly :at is happ5+ ev]y:]e4 ,he 0 a typical pigmy z f\nd on ! volcanoes--squat1 gn>l$1 pr\d1 & easy ( c>riage4 ,8 be>d hung d[n ov] 8 *e/1 & 8 ?ighs & *e/ 7 cov]$ ) wiry hair4 ,he c>ri$ ! usual pigmy b[ made ( two pieces ( cane splic$ toge!r ) grass1 & ) a /r+ made ( a s+le /r& ( a ru% t gr[s 9 ! =e/s4 ,! pigmies are spl5did examples ( ! adaptability ( ,nature to h] surr\nd+s2 ! comb9ation ( /r5g? & concis5ess enabl+ !m to move ) a/oni%+ rapidity 9 ! pig-runs t =m ! only pa?way ?r\gh ! imp5etrable gr[?1 & to endure ! fatigue ( elephant-hunt+4 ,,natives ,,9 ,,ru&a 7ne> ,lake ,kivu73 ,cape to ,cairo1 p4 #aah4 ,society 9 ,ru&a is divid$ into two ca/es1 ! ,watusi & ! ,wahutu4 ,! ,watusi are ! desc5dants ( a great wave ( ,galla invasion t rea*$ ev5 to ,tanganyika4 ,!y /ill reta9 _! pa/oral in/9cts1 & refuse to d any o!r "w ?an ! t5d+ ( cattle2 & s great is _! affection = _! bea/s1 t r ?an sev] company !y w become slaves1 & d ! m5ial "w ( _! belov$ cattle = ! b5efit ( _! conqu]ors4 ,?is is all ! m rem>kable :5 "o takes into acc\nt _! inh]5t pride ( race & contempt = o!r peoples1 ev5 = ! :ite man4444 ,_m signs ( sup]ior civilisation1 obs]vable 9 ! peoples ) :om ! ,watusi h come into contact1 are traceable to ?is ,galla influ5ce4 ,! hills are t]rac$1 ?us increas+ ! area ( cultivation1 & obviat+ ! d5udation ( f]tile slopes by torr5tial ra9s4 ,9 _m cases irrigation is c>ri$ out on a suffici5tly ext5sive scale1 & ! swamps are dra9$ by dit*es4 ,artificial res]voirs are built ) side tr\ghs = wat]+ cattle4 ,! fields are 9 _m cases f5c$ 9 by plant$ h$ges ( euphorbia & ?orn1 & simil> f5ces are plant$ along ! n>r[ p>ts ( ! ma9 cattle tracks1 to prev5t ! bea/s f /ray+ or trampl+ d[n ! cultivation4 ,!re is also an exceptional div]sity ( plants cultivat$1 su* z hungry rice1 maize1 r$ & :ite millet1 sev]al k9ds ( beans1 peas1 bananas1 & ! edible arum4 ,"s ( ! high] gr[+ beans are ev5 tra9$ on /icks plant$ = ! purpose4 ,pumpk9s & sweet potatoes are also common2 & ! ,watusi own & t5d enorm\s h]ds ( cattle1 goats & %eep4 ,ow+ to ! magnific5t pa/urage ! milk is ( excell5t quality1 & !y make l>ge quantities ( butt]4 ,!y are exce$+ly clev] ) _! bea/s1 & h _m calls :i* ! cattle und]/&4 ,at milk+ "t !y light smoke-fires to keep ! flies f irritat+ ! bea/s4444 ,!y are tall slightly built m5 ( graceful non*alant c>riage1 & _! features are delicate & ref9$4 ,i notic$ _m faces t1 blea*$ & set 9 a :ite coll>1 w\ld h be5 conspicu\s = "* 9 a ,london draw+-room4 ,! legal type 0 especially pron\nc$4 444 ,! ,wahutu are _! absolute anti!sis4 ,!y are ! aborig9es ( ! c\ntry1 & any pri/9e orig9ality or "* has be5 effectually /amp$ out ( !m4 ,hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat]1 !y d all ! h>d "w1 & unque/ion+ 9 abject s]vility give up ! proce$s on dem&4 ,_! num]ical proportion to ! ,watusi mu/ be at lea/ a hundr$ to "o1 yet !y def] to !m )\t prote/2 & 9 spite ( ! obvi\s hatr$ 9 :i* !y hold _! ov] lords1 !re seems to be no friction4 ,natives ( ! ,&aman ,isl&s ,! foll[+ extracts1 ab\t ! ,&aman-isl&]s ( ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 ! ,bu%m5 ( ,s\? ,africa1 & ! ,eskimo tribes ( ,nor!rn latitudes1 are specially int]e/+ because !y deal ) peoples ^: pres5t-day culture is und\bt$ly on a p> )1 & 9 all probability directly inh]it$ f1 ! peoples ( a long-pa/ ,/one ,age4 ,?us we get indirectly a glimpse ( :at ! culture ( ! ,/one ,ages 0--bo? 9 its mat]ial acquisitions & its grade ( social & psy*ological evolution4 ,f ,9 ! ,&amans & ,nicob>s1 p4 #ahd1 by ,c4 ,bod5 ,kloss4 7,murray1 #aijc47 ,! ,&aman ,isl&s are inhabit$ by p ( pure ,negrito blood1 memb]s ( p]haps ! mo/ anci5t race rema9+ on ! e>?1 & /&+ close/ to ! primitive human type4444 ,x w\ld be impossible to f9d any:]e a race ( pur] desc5t ?an ! ,&amanese1 = ev] s9ce !y peopl$ ! isl&s 9 ! ,/one ,age1 !y h rema9$ seclud$ f ! out] _w4444 ,9 /ature !y are f> bel[ ! av]age height2 b al?\gh !y h be5 call$ dw>fs & pygmies1 ^! words mu/ n be und]/ood to imply any?+ 9 ! nature ( a mon/rosity4 ,_! reputation = hide\sness1 l _! poison$ arr[s & cannibalism1 has long be5 a fallacy :i*1 ?\gh widely popul>1 %\ld n[ be explod$4 ,! av]age heights ( ! m5 & wom5 are f\nd to be #d feet #aj in*es1 & #d feet #g in*es respectively1 & _! figures1 :i* are proportionately built1 are v symmetrical & graceful4 ,al?\gh n to be describ$ z muscul>1 !y are ( good developm5t1 ! m5 be+ agile1 yet /urdy1 ) broad *e/s & squ>e %\ld]s4 ,f ,e4 ,h4 ,man on ,! ,aborig9es ( ! ,&aman ,isl&s1 p4 #ad4 7,trbn]1 #ahhc47 ,no idiots1 maniacs or lunatics h ev] yet be5 obs]v$ among !m1 & ?is is n because ^? s afflict$ are kill$ or conf9$ by _! fell[s1 = ! greate/ c>e & att5tion are inv>iably paid to ! sick1 ag$ & helpless4 ,mr4 ,man also rem>ks 7,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ,,xii1 #ib73 ,x has be5 obs]v$ ) regret by all int]e/$ 9 ! race1 t int]c\rse ) ! ali5 population has1 g5]ally speak+1 prejudicially affect$ _! morals2 & t ! c&\r1 v]acity1 & self-reliance !y manife/ 9 _! savage & untutor$ /ate are1 :5 !y become associat$ ) =eign]s1 to a great ext5t lo/1 & habits ( untru?fulness1 dep5d5ce & slo? eng5d]$4 ,! ,bu%m5 ,extract f ,f4 ,c4 ,sel\s' ,african ,nature-,notes1 pp4 #cdd & #cdg4 7#aijh47 ,:5 ,i met ) ! fir/ ,bu%m5 ,i ev] saw1 on ! banks ( ! ,orange ,riv] 9 #ahgb1 ,i 0 a v "y man1 &1 reg>d+ !m ) "s repugnance1 wrote 9 my di>y t !y appe>$ to be remov$ by a v few /eps f ! brute creation4 ,t 0 a v fooli% & ignorant rem>k to make1 & ,i h s9ce f\nd out t ?\gh ,bu%m5 may possibly be to-day 9 ! same backw>d /ate ( mat]ial developm5t & k z once 7 ! paloli?ic ance/ors ( ! mo/ highly cultur$ ,european races 9 prehi/oric times1 yet fundam5tally !re is v little diff]5ce betwe5 ! natures ( primitive & civilis$ m51 s t x is q possible = a memb] ( "o ( ! m cultur$ races to live = a "t q happily & cont5t$ly among/ be+s :o are (t5 describ$ z degrad$ savages1 & f :om he is sep>at$ by ?\s&s ( ye>s 9 all t is impli$ by ! ^w 'civilisation4' ,i h hunt$ a great deal ) ,bu%m51 & dur+ #ahhd ,i liv$ among/ ^! p cont9u\sly = sev]al mon?s toge!r4 ,on _m & _m a night ,i h slept 9 _! encampm5ts )\t ev5 any ,kafir att5dants1 & ?\gh ,i 0 entirely 9 _! p[] ,i always felt p]fectly safe among !m4 ,z mo/ ( ! m5 spoke ,se*wana ,i 0 able to conv]se ) !m1 & f\nd !m v intellig5t1 good-natur$ companions1 full ( k conc]n+ ! habits ( all ! wild animals inhabit+ ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y liv$4444 ,i h nev] se5 _! wom5 & *ildr5 ill-treat$ by !m1 & ,i h se5 bo? ! m5 & ! wom5 %[ affection = _! *ildr54 ,else:]e ,sel\s speaks ( ,john--a memb] ( ! close-relat$ ,korana clan--:o 0 9 8 s]vice1 z ( a pale yell[-br[n col\r1 beautifully proportion$1 ) small delicately made h&s & feet4 ,f preface by ,h5ry ,balf\r to ! book ,bu%m5 ,pa9t+s ,copi$1 by ,hel5 ,tongue4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! designs repres5t+ animals1 etc41 :i* are pa9t$ ^u ! walls ( _! caves & rock-%elt]s1 frequ5tly exhibit a realism & fre$om 9 treatm5t :i* are q rem>kable 9 ! art ( s primitive a p4 ,! skill ) :i* _m ( ! *>act]i/ic ,s\? ,african animals are portray$ te/ifies n only to unusual arti/ic effici5cy1 b also to a close obs]vance ( & an intimate acqua9tance%ip ) ! habits & peculi>ities ( ! animals !mselves4444 ,! pa9t+s are rem>kable n only = ! realism exhibit$ by s _m1 b also = a fre$om f ! limitation to del9eation 9 pr(ile :i* *>act]ises = ! mo/ "p ! draw+s ( primitive peoples1 especially :]e animals are conc]n$4 ,attitudes ( a k9d difficult to r5d] 7 v5tur$ ^u )\t hesitation1 & an appreciation ev5 ( ! rudim5ts ( p]spective is occasionally to be not$4 ,note f ! same book1 by ,s4 ,bleek1 daught] ( ! well-kn[n ,dr4 ,bleek1 ( ! ,grey ,libr>y at ,cape ,t[n 7#ahgj74 ,bu%m5 are call$ li>s & ?ieves all ov] ! ,colony1 b all ^? :o /ay$ ) u 7 tru?ful & v hone/4 ,on no occasion did !y /eal ev5 a pocket-knife lo/ 9 ! g>d51 or fruit f ! trees4 ,!y might h tak5 %eep f ho/ile f>m]s1 b !y w\ld nev] rob a fri5d or neighb\r4 ,!y 7 cleanly 9 _! habits1 & mo/ p>ticul> ab\t mann]s4444 ,z a p !y 7 grateful & rev5geful1 indep5d5t 9 _s1 excell5t fight]s--:o pref]r$ dea? to captivity4444 ,captives 7 sometimes made s]vants1 b n (t5 well-treat$1 nor did !y take to a settl$ life easily4 ,ev5 k9d ma/]s f\nd _! long+ = fre$om h>d to conqu]4 ,! ,ne*illi ,eskimo ,f ,amunds5's ,nor? ,we/ ,passage1 vol4 i1 p4 #bid4 7,con/able1 #aijh47 ,we 7 sudd5ly br\ght face to face "h ) a p f ! ,/one ,age3 we 7 abruptly c>ri$ back sev]al ?\s& ye>s 9 ! advance ( human progress1 to p :o z yet knew no o!r me?od ( procur+ fire ?an by rubb+ two pieces ( wood toge!r1 & :o ) great difficulty manag$ to get _! food j lukew>m1 ov] ! seal-oil flame on a /one slab1 :ile we cook$ our food 9 a mom5t ) our mod]n cook+ app>atus4 ,we came "h1 ) our mo/ +5i\s & mo/ rec5t inv5tions 9 ! way ( fire>ms1 to p :o /ill us$ lances1 b[s & arr[s ( re9de] horn4444 ,h[ev]1 we %\ld be wrong if f ! weapons1 implem5ts1 & dome/ic appliances ( ^! p we 7 to argue t !y 7 ( l[ intellig5ce4 ,_! implem5ts1 app>5tly s v primitive1 prov$ to be z well adapt$ to _! exi/+ requirem5ts & conditions z exp]i5ce & ! skilful te/s ( _m c5turies c\ld h made !m4 ,ugpi1 an ,eskimo ,f ,amunds5 vol4 i1 p4 #aij4 ,ugpi or ,ugl5 7! ',owl'7 z we always call$ him1 attract$ imm$iate att5tion by 8 appe>ance4 ,) 8 long black hair hang+ ov] 8 %\ld]s1 8 d>k eyes & frank hone/ expression1 he w\ld h be5 good-look+ if 8 broad face & l>ge m\? _h n spoilt 8 beauty f a ,european /&po9t4 ,!re 0 some?+ s]i\s1 almo/ dreamy1 ab\t him4 ,hone/y & tru?fulness are unmi/akably impress$ on 8 features1 & ,i w\ld nev] h hesitat$ = a mom5t to entru/ him ) any?+4 ,dur+ 8 association ) u he became an exceptionally clev] hunt] bo? = birds & re9de]4 ,he 0 ab\t ?irty ye>s old & 0 m>ri$ to ,kabloka1 a v small girl ( sev5te54 ,eskimo & ,civilisation ,f ,amunds5 vol4 ii1 p4 #dh4 ,dur+ ! voyage ( ! ,gjoa1 we came into contact ) t5 diff]5t ,eskimo tribes 9 all 444 & ,i mu/ /ate x z my firm conviction t ! ,eskimo liv+ absolutely isolat$ f civilisation ( any k9d are und\bt$ly ! happie/1 heal?ie/1 mo/ honorable & mo/ cont5t$ among !m4 ,x mu/ !re=e be ! b\nd5 duty ( civilis$ nations :o come into contact ) ! ,eskimo to safegu>d !m aga9/ contam9at+ influ5ces1 & by laws & /r+5t regulations protect !m aga9/ ! _m p]ils & evils ( s-call$ civilisation4 ,unless ?is is done !y w inevitably be ru9$4444 ,my s9c]e/ wi% = our fri5ds ! ,ne*illi ,eskimo is t ,civilisation may nev] rea* !m4 ,high ,/&>d ( ,tribal ,morality among ! ,ale\tes ,witness$ to by ! ,russian mission>y1 ,v5iam9(f4 ,see ,mutual ,aid1 pp4 #ii & #ajj1 by ,p4 ,kropotk94 ,! high /&>d ( ! tribal morality ( ! ,eskimos has (t5 be5 m5tion$ 9 g5]al lit]ature4 ,nev]!less ! foll[+ rem>ks ^u ! mann]s ( ! ,ale\tes--ne>ly ak9 to ! ,eskimos--w bett] illu/rate savage morality z a :ole4 ,!y 7 writt51 aft] a t5 ye>s' /ay among ! ,ale\tes1 by a mo/ rem>kable man--! ,russian mission>y1 ,v5iam9(f4 ,i sum !m up1 mo/ly 9 8 own words3-- ,endurability 7he wrote7 is _! *ief feature4 ,x is simply colossal4 ,n only d !y ba! e morn+ 9 ! froz5 sea1 & /& nak$ on ! bea*1 inhal+ ! icy w9d1 b _! endurability1 ev5 :5 at h>d "w on insuffici5t food1 surpasses all t c be imag9$4 ,dur+ a protract$ sc>city ( food1 ! ,ale\te c>es fir/ = 8 *ildr52 he gives !m all he has1 & himself fa/s4 ,!y are n incl9$ to /eal+2 t 0 rem>k$ ev5 by ! fir/ ,russian immigrants4 ,n t !y nev] /eal2 e ,ale\te w\ld confess hav+ sometime /ol5 some?+1 b x is always a trifle2 ! :ole is s *ildi%4 ,! atta*m5t ( ! p>5ts to _! *ildr5 is t\*+1 ?\gh x is nev] express$ 9 words or pett+s4 ,! ,ale\te is ) difficulty mov$ to make a promise1 b once he has made x he w keep x :atev] may happ54 7,an ,ale\te made ,v5iam9(f a gift ( dri$ fi%1 b x 0 =gott5 on ! bea* 9 ! hurry ( ! dep>ture4 ,he took x home4 ,! next occasion to s5d x to ! mission>y 0 9 ,janu>y2 & 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb] !re 0 a great sc>city ( food 9 ! ,ale\te encampm5t4 ,b ! fi% 0 nev] t\*$ by ! />v+ p1 & 9 ,janu>y x 0 s5t to its de/9ation47 ,home ,life ( ! ,eskimo ,by ,villialm ,/efansson4 ,f ,h>p]'s ,mon?ly1 ,octob]1 #aijh4 ,/efansson liv$ = ?irte5 mon?s 9 ! h\sehold ( a ,*ief1 ,ovaynak1 on ! ,mack5zie ,riv]1 & knew 8 subject well4 ,he says3-- ,) _! absolute equality ( ! sexes & p]fect fre$om ( sep>ation1 a p]man5t union ( uncong5ial p]sons is well-nigh inconceivable4 ,b if a c\ple f9d ea* o!r cong5ial en\gh to rema9 m>ri$ a ye> or two1 divorce becomes exce$+ly improbable1 & is mu* r>] among ! middle-ag$ ?an among u4 ,p ( ! age ( tw5ty-five & ov] are usually v fond ( ea* o!r1 & ! family--:5 once x becomes settl$--appe>s to be on a high] level ( affection & mutual consid]ation ?an is common among u4 ,9 an ,eskimo home ,i h nev] he>d an unpleasant ^w betwe5 a man & 8 wife1 nev] se5 a *ild puni%$1 nor an old p]son treat$ inconsid]ately4 ,yet ! h\sehold affairs are c>ri$ on 9 an ord]ly way1 & ! good behavi\r ( ! *ildr5 is rem>k$ by practically e travell]4 ,^! *>m+ qualities ( ! ,eskimo home may be l>gely due to _! equable disposition & ! g5]al fitness ( _! "* = ! communal relations2 b x seems reasonable to give a portion ( ! cr$it to _! rem>kable social organisation2 = !y live "u conditions = :i* "s ( our be/ m5 are /riv+--conditions t ) our ideali/s are ev5 yet m]ely dreams4 ,religi\s ,beliefs among ! ,eskimos ,f ,rasmuss5's ,p ( ! ,pol> ,nor?1 pp4 #abe & #abg4 7#aijh47 ,_! religi\s op9ions d n lead !m to any sort ( wor%ip ( ! sup]natural1 b consi/--if !y are to be =mulat$ 9 a cre$--( a li/ ( comm&m5ts & rules ( conduct controll+ _! relations ) unkn[n =ces ho/ile to man4 ,a wise & indep5d5t ?9k+ ,eskimo1 ,otag ! ,magician1 said to me ( dea?3 ',y ask1 b ,i "k no?+ ( dea?2 ,i am only acqua9t$ ) life4 ,i c only say :at ,i believe3 ei!r dea? is ! end ( life1 or else x is ! transition into ano!r mode ( life4 ,9 nei!r case is !re any?+ to fe>4 ,nev]!less ,i d n want to die1 because ,i consid] t x is good to live4' ,?is calm way ( envisag+ dea? is n unusual2 ,i h se5 _m pagan ,eskimos g to meet c]ta9 dea? )\t a trace ( fe>4 ,p]iodical ,di/ributions to ,obviate ,accumulations ( ,weal? ,f ,kropotk9's ,mutual ,aid1 p4 #ig4 7,he9emann1 #aijh47 7,! ,eskimos7 h an orig9al means = obviat+ ! inconv5i5ces aris+ f a p]sonal accumulation ( weal?--:i* w\ld soon de/roy _! tribal unity4 ,:5 a man has gr[n ri* he convokes ! folk ( 8 clan to a great fe/ival1 & aft] mu* eat+1 di/ributes among !m all 8 =tune4 ,on ! ,yukon riv] ,dall saw an ,ale\te family di/ribut+ 9 ?is way t5 guns1 t5 full fur dresses1 two hundr$ /r+s ( beads1 num]\s blankets1 t5 wolf furs1 two hundr$ beav]s & five hundr$ zibell9es4 ,aft] t !y took (f _! fe/ival dresses1 & putt+ on old ragg$ furs1 address$ a few words to _! k9sfolk1 say+ t1 ?\gh !y are n[ poor] ?an any "o ( !m1 !y h won _! fri5d%ip4#ej ,l di/ributions ( weal? appe> to be a regul> habit ) ! ,eskimos1 & to take place at a c]ta9 season1 aft] an exhibition ( all t has be5 obta9$ dur+ ! ye>4 ,9 my 7,kropotk97 op9ion1 ^! di/ributions reveal a v old in/itution1 contemporane\s ) ! fir/ app>ition ( p]sonal weal?2 !y mu/ h be5 a means = re-e/abli%+ equality among ! memb]s ( ! clan1 aft] x _h be5 di/urb$ by ! enri*m5t ( ! few4 ,! p]iodical r$i/ribution ( l& & ! p]iodical ab&onm5t ( all debts1 :i* took place 9 hi/orical times ) s _m diff]5t races 7,semites1 ,aryans1 etc471 mu/ h be5 a survival ( t old cu/om4 ,! ,samoy$es ,f ,iceb\nd on ! ,kolguev1 p4 #chd1 by ,a4 ,trevor-,battye4 7,con/able1 #ahie47 ,family affection among ! ,samoy$s is v /rongly develop$4 ,x w\ld be impossible to f9d great] evid5ce ( ?is among any p4 ,ano!r extremely m>k$ "* among !m is family ord]4 ,all ev]yday (fices & occupations are c>ri$ out by a well-def9$ me?od & subdivision ( lab\r4 ,i nev] saw a s+le in/ance ( any?+ approa*+ a family qu>rel4444 ,!y are v h&y sailors1 pati5t & successful hunt]s & fi%]m51 & admirable workm5 ) su* tools z !y und]/&4 ,no man c repair a damag$ boat m quickly ?an a ,samoy$1 & f ! r\ghe/ drift-wood 7su* z an ,engli% c>p5t] w\ld ?r[ on ! fire71 !y fa%ion b[s1 arr[s1 sleighs1 spoons1 dr9k+-cups1 bullet-m\lds1 & a v>iety ( articles ( ev]yday use4 ,! ,belle ( ,kolguev ,f ,iceb\nd on ! ,kolguev1 p4 #acj4 ,h] si/]-9-law ,u/ynia 0 really1 if y accept ! type1 a pretty girl4444 ,h] eyes 7 bright1 & a pleasant smile play$ ab\t h] lips4 ,:5 %e laugh$--& ^! p are always laugh+--%e betray$ ! mo/ p]fectly beautiful tee? x is possible to imag9e4 ,inde$ all ^! p1 ev5 old ,uano1 _h mo/ wond]ful tee?--:ite1 regul> & p]fectly %ap$4 ,on h] f+]s ,u/ynia wore heavy r+s ( :ite & yell[ metal1 & h] h&s1 l ^? ( all ,samoy$s1 7 faultless 9 %ape & extraord9>ily supple4 ,if y add to ?is a dress rea*+ to ! knees1 =m$ ( "y re9de] sk91 work$ 9 _m /ripes ( :ite & br[n1 ! skirt b&$ ) sc>let clo? & dogsk9 fur1 & foot & leg cov]+s ( s(t patt]n$ sk9 rea*+ above ! knee--!re y h ,u/ynia1 ! belle ( ,kolguev4 ,! ,todas ,quot$ f ,! ,todas1 by ,w4 ,h4 ,riv]s 7#aijf74 ,^! p live on a v l(ty & isolat$ plateau ( ! ,nilgiri ,hills 9 ,s\? ,india2 & are especially int]e/+ to u because till #ahab !y 7 absolutely unkn[n to ,europeans1 & develop$ _! own cu/oms unt\*$ by ,we/]n civilisation4 ,!y are a purely pa/oral p1 limit+ _! activities almo/ entirely to ! c>e ( _! buffaloes & to ! complicat$ ritual :i* has gr[n up 9 association ) ^! animals4 7p4 #f7 444 ,!y h a completely organis$ & def9ite sy/em ( poly&ry4 ,:5 a woman m>ries a man1 x is und]/ood t %e becomes ! wife ( 8 bro!rs at ! same "t4 ,:5 a boy is m>ri$ to a girl1 n only are 8 bro!rs usually reg>d$ z also ! husb&s ( ! girl1 b any bro!r born lat] w simil>ly be reg>d$ z %>+ 8 old] bro!r's rights4 7p4 #eae47 ,! m5 are /rong & v agile2 ! agility be+ mo/ 9 evid5ce :5 !y h to cat* _! infuriat$ buffaloes at ! fun]al c]emonies4 ,!y /& fatigue well1 & (t5 travel great di/ances4444 ,9 go+ f "o "p ( ! hills to ano!r a ,toda always travels z ne>ly z possible 9 a /raight l9e1 ignor+ altoge!r ! influ5ce ( gravity1 & m\nt+ ! /eepe/ hills ) no app>5t ef=t4 ,9 all my "w ) ! m5 x seem$ to me !y 7 extremely intellig5t4 ,!y grasp$ readily ! po9ts ( any enquiry on :i* ,i ent]$1 & (t5 %[$ a m>k$ appreciation ( complicat$ que/ions4444 ,i c only record my impression1 aft] sev]al mon?s' int]c\rse ) ! ,todas1 t !y 7 j z intellig5t z "o w\ld h f\nd any av]age body ( educat$ ,europeans4444 ,! *>act]i/ic note 9 _! demean\r is _! absolute belief 9 _! own sup]iority ov] ! surr\nd+ races4 ,!y are grave & dignifi$1 & yet ?or\ghly *e]ful & well-dispos$ t[>ds all4 7pp4 #ah-bc47 ,nudity ,,! ,,pelew ,,isl&s3 f ,j4 ,g4 ,wood 7vol4 ,am]ica1 p4 #ddg74 ,see ,capta9 ,h4 ,wilson1 :o 0 wreck$ !re 9 #aghc4 ,! inhabitants are ( a d>k copp] col\r1 well-made1 tall1 & rem>kable = _! /ately gait4 ,!y employ ! tattoo 9 r a curi\s mann]1 prick+ ! patt]ns ?ickly on _! legs f ! ankles to a few in*es above ! knees1 s t !y look z if _! legs 7 d>k] 9 col\r ?an ! re/ ( _! bodies4 ,!y are cleanly 9 _! habits1 ba?+ frequ5tly & rubb+ !mselves ) coco-nut oil1 s z to give a s(t & glossy appe>ance to ! sk94444 ,! m5 we> no clo?+1 n ev5 ! k+ himself hav+ ! lea/ ve/ige ( raim5t1 ! tattoo be+ suppos$ to answ] ! purposes ( dress4444 ,9 spite1 h[ev]1 ( ! abs5ce ( dress1 ! deportm5t ( ! sexes t[>ds ea* o!r is p]fectly mode/4 ,= example1 ! m5 & wom5 w n ba! at ! same spot1 nor ev5 g ne> a ba?+ place ( ! opposite sex unless x be des]t$4 ,natives ( ! ,amazon ,region ,alfr$ ,russell ,wallace1 9 8 ,travels on ! ,amazon 7#ahec71 speaks mo/ w>mly ab\t ! aborig9es ( t di/rict--bo? z to _! grace ( =m1 _! quickness ( h&1 & _! goodnatur$ in(f5sive disposition4 ,he says 7*ap4 xvii73 ,_! figures are g5]ally sup]b2 & ,i h nev] felt s mu* pleasure 9 gaz+ at ! f9e/ /atue z at ^! liv+ illu/rations ( ! human =m4 ,9 8 ,my ,life1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bhh1 he says3 ,_! :ole aspect & mann] 7 diff]5t 7f ! semi-civilis$ tribes72 !y walk$ ) ! free /ep ( ! indep5d5t =e/-dwell] 444 orig9al & self-su/a9+ z ! wild animals ( ! =e/ 444 liv+ _! own lives 9 _! own way1 z !y _h done = c\ntless g5]ations be=e ,am]ica 0 discov]$4 ,! true d5iz5 ( ! ,amazonian =e/s1 l ! =e/ itself1 is unique & n to be =gott54 ,f ,! ,putumayo1 or ,devil's ,p>adise4 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,h>d5burg 7#aiab74 ,! ,huitotos are a well-=m$ race1 & al?\gh small1 are /\t & /rong1 ) a broad *e/ & a prom95t bu/2 b _! limbs1 especially ! l[]1 are b little develop$4444 ,t repugnant sight1 a protrud+ abdom51 s common among ! ':ites' & half-bre$s on ! ,amazon1 is v r>e among ^! aborig9es4444 ,not)/&+ "s defects x is n r>e to f9d among ^! wom5 _m :o are really beautiful--s magnific5t are _! figures1 & s free & graceful _! movem5ts4 7p4 #aeb74 ,unions are consid]$ b9d+ among ! ,huitotos1 & x is v r>ely t s]i\s disagreem5ts arise betwe5 husb& & wife4 ,! wom5 are naturally *a/e1 & x 0 n till ! adv5t ( ! rubb] collectors t !y began to lose ?is primitive virtue--s g5]ally met ) among p n yet 9 contact ) :ite m5 7p4 #aed74 ,n4,b4--,^! 7 "s ( ! p s villa9\sly tortur$--m51 wom5 & *ildr5--= ! collection ( rubb]1 by comm]cial sc\ndrels1 ^: atrocities 7 expos$ by ,rog] ,casem5t & o!rs4 ,e4,c4 ,f9e ,figures & ,features ( ! ,dyaks ,quotations f ,becc>'s ,9 ! ,=e/s ( ,borneo1 pp4 #cbe & #cbi4 7,con/able #aijd47 ,on ! morn+ ( ,octob] #ai1 z previ\sly arrang$1 ,ladja1 ) eight o!r ,dyaks1 came to ! =t duly equipp$ = ! j\rney4 ,ladja 0 a h&some "y man1 tall l mo/ ( 8 companions1 sl5d]1 & beautifully made4 ,8 pr(ile 0 ne>ly regul>1 ! nose p]fectly /raight1 b ! *eek bones r too prom95t & ! *9 r po9t$4 ,8 complexion 0 v light4 444 ,our ,arno boatm5 9 ,flor5ce always pole :]e ! riv] is %all[1 & use _! poles exactly z ! ,dyaks d !irs1 only !y c]ta9ly _c comp>e ) ! latt] 9 ! l5g? ( ! j\rneys ?us p]=m$ ) _! light canoes4 ,ours lit]ally flew ov] ! wat] h&l$ ) incomp>able dext]ity by my six "y savages4 ,!re is to my m9d no light] & m pleasant mode ( progression1 & c]ta9ly no k9d ( "w displays s well ! elegant movem5ts & p]fect proportions ( ^! "y ,dyaks1 :o1 practically un5cumb]$ ) clo?+1 are truly spl5did specim5s ( humanity4 ,f ,ida ,pfeiff]'s book ,me9e zweite ,weltreise1 vol4 i1 p4 #aaf4 7,vi5na1 #ahef47 ,i mu/ confess t ,i w\ld gladly h j\rney$ long] among ! free ,dayaks4 ,i f\nd !m wond]fully hon\rable1 g5tle & mode/2 inde$ 9 ^! respects ,i put !m above any p t ,i h z yet become acqua9t$ )4 ,i c\ld leave all my ?+s ab\t1 & g away = h\rs toge!r1 & nev] 0 ! lea/ ?+ miss+4 ,!y begg$ me occasionally = _m an object !y saw1 b imm$iately gave way :5 ,i expla9$ t ,i ne$$ x myself4 ,!y 7 nev] ov]-press+ or tiresome4 ,x w be said1 9 d5ial ( ?is1 t ! behead+ ( corpses & pres]vation ( skulls does n look exactly l g5tl5ess2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is sad cu/om is *iefly ! result ( rude & ignorant sup]/ition4 ,i /ick to my op9ion1 & z a fur!r pro(1 w\ld cite _! dome/ic & ?or\ghly patri>*al mode ( life1 _! morals & mann]s1 ! love t !y h = _! *ildr51 & ! respect _! *ildr5 %[ to !m4 ,a ,rodiya ,boy ,ern/ ,haeckel 9 8 ,visit to ,ceylon1 describes ! devotion to him ( 8 ,rodiya s]v+-boy at ,belligam ne> ,galle4 ,! keep] ( ! re/-h\se !re 0 an old man :om ,haeckel1 f 8 lik5ess to a well-kn[n head1 call$ by ! "n ( ,socrates4 ,& ,haeckel cont9ues3 ,x really seem$ z ?\gh ,i %\ld be pursu$ by ! famili> aspects ( classical antiquity f ! fir/ mom5t ( my arrival at my idyllic home4 ,= z ,socrates l$ me up ! /eps ( ! op5 c5tral hall ( ! re/-h\se1 ,i saw be=e me1 ) uplift$ arms 9 an attitude ( pray]1 a beautiful nak$ br[n figure1 :i* c\ld be no?+ else ?an ! fam\s /atue ( ! ',y\? ,ador+4' ,h[ surpris$ ,i 0 :5 ! graceful bronze /atue sudd5ly came to life1 & dropp+ 8 arms fell on 8 knees1 & aft] rais+ 8 black eyes implor+ly to m9e b[$ 8 h&some face s l[ at my feet t 8 long black hair fell on ! floor6 ,socrates in=m$ me t ?is boy 0 a ,p>iah1 a memb] ( ! l[e/ ca/e1 ! ,rodiyas1 :o _h lo/ 8 p>5ts at an e>ly age4 ,he 0 told (f to my exclusive s]vice1 & 9 answ] to ! "q :at ,i 0 to call my new body-s]vant1 ! old man in=m$ me t 8 "n 0 ,gamam$a4 ,( c\rse ,i imm$iately ?\ght ( ,ganym$e1 = ! favorite ( ,jove himself c\ld n h be5 m f9ely made1 or h _h limbs m beautifully proportion$ & m\ld$4 ,among ! _m beautiful figures :i* move 9 ! =egr\nd ( my memories ( ! ,p>adise ( ,ceylon1 ,ganym$e rema9s "o ( my de>e/ favorites4 ,n only did he fulfil 8 duties ) ! greate/ att5tion & consci5ti\sness1 b he develop$ a p]sonal atta*m5t & devotion to me :i* t\*$ me deeply4 ,! poor boy1 z a mis]able outca/ ( ! ,rodiya ca/e1 _h be5 f 8 bir? ! object ( ! deepe/ contempt ( 8 fell[-m51 & subject$ to e sort ( brutality & ill-treatm5t4 ,he 0 evid5tly z mu* surpris$ z delight$ to f9d me will+ to be k9d to him f ! fir/4444 ,i owe _m beautiful & valuable contributions to my museum to ,ganym$e's unfail+ zeal & dext]ity4 ,) ! ke5 eye1 ! neat h&1 & ! supple agility ( ! ,c+halese y\?1 he c\ld cat* a flutt]+ mo? or a glid+ fi% ) equal promptitude2 & 8 nimbl5ess 0 really amaz+ :51 out hunt+1 he climb$ ! tall trees l a cat1 or scrambl$ ?r\gh ! d5se/ jungle to recov] ! prize ,i _h kill$4 7p4 #bjj47 ,second ,sight ,native div9]s 9 ,s\? ,africa1 f ,! ,spiritualism ( ! ,zulu1 by ,c4 ,h4 ,bull1 ( ,durban4 ,_m ye>s ago ,i 0 rid+ transport betwe5 ,durban & ! ,umzimkulu4 ,i *eck$ my loads at ,durban & f\nd !m correct ) ! waybill1 b :5 ,i rea*$ my de/9ation ,i discov]$ t ,i 0 "o case %ort1 = :i* ,i _h to pay4 ,on my return to my f>m1 ,i m5tion$ ! fact to my bro!r1 :o propos$1 m 9 ! _s ( fun ?an any?+ else1 t we %\ld visit a div9]1 & endeav\r to discov] :at _h become ( x4 ,i cons5t$1 & toge!r we repair$ to a native div9]4 ,he imm$iately in=m$ u ( ! object ( our visit1 al?\gh1 s f> z ,i c tell1 x 0 morally impossible = him to h kn[n x ?r\gh any ord9>y *annels1 & !n he w5t on speak+ z ?\gh 9 a dream3 ',i see a waggon load$ ) cases climb+ up ! ,umgwababa ,hill2 !re has be5 a lot ( ra9 & ! roads are slipp]y4 ,half way up ! hill ! ra9s h wa%$ a gully2 into ?is ! waggon lur*es1 displac+ a small case1 :i* falls to ! gr\nd1 b ! driv]1 :o is busy urg+ 8 team up ! hill1 does n notice x4 ,n[ ! waggon has pass$ out ( sight1 b ,i see a ,kaffir com+ up ! hill4 ,:5 he rea*es ! spot :]e ! case is ly+1 he /ops = a few mom5ts to exam9e x1 & !n proce$s to ! top ( ! hill1 :]e he /&s = a few mom5ts %ad+ 8 eyes ) 8 h&1 z ?\gh look+ beyond4 ,n[ he returns to :]e ! case is ly+1 & lift+ x up1 crosses ! road1 & pu%+ 8 way ?r\gh "s tall tambootie grass1 he rea*es a l>ge indonie tree2 "u ! tree !re is a /unt$ clump ( wild bananas4 ,he places ! case 9 ! c5tre ( ! clump1 & aft] conceal+ x ) "s ( ! dry leaves1 he goes on 8 way4 ,! case is /ill !re4' ,?\gh :olly incr$ul\s ( ! tru? ( ! vision1 ,i s5t two 'boys' to ! spot indicat$1 & !y return$ br++ ) !m ! lo/ case1 hav+ f\nd x exactly :]e ! div9] said t he saw x4 ,! ,zulus ,,! ,,zulus3 ,quotations f ,g5]al ,sir ,w4 ,butl]'s ,nabo?'s ,v9ey>d1 p4 #bfc 7giv5 9 ,blyd5's ,african ,life & ,cu/oms1 p4 #dc74 ,9 all ! sad hi/ory ( ,s\? ,africa few ?+s are sadd] ?an ! ,zulu "q4 ,:]e ! ,zulu came 79 ^? days71 no lock or key 7 necess>y4 ,no man :o knew ! ,zulu--n ev5 ! :ite coloni/1 ^: rage 0 l>gely ! result ( 8 be+ unable to get s]vile lab\r f him--c\ld say t he _h n f\nd ! ,zulu hone/1 tru?ful1 fai?ful2 t ! :ite wife & *ild _h n be5 entirely safe f insult or h>m at ! h&s ( ?is black man2 or t money & prop]ty 7 n immeasurably m secure 9 ,zulu *>ge ?an 9 t ( ,europeans or ,asiatics4 ,f ,blyd5's ,african ,life & ,cu/oms1 p4 #cg4 ,!re are to-day hundr$s ( s-call$ civilis$ ,africans :o are com+ back to !mselves4 ,!y h grasp$ ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ! ,european social & economic ord] & reject !m z n equal to _! own z means ( mak+ adequate provision = ! normal ne$s ( all memb]s ( society bo? pres5t & future--f bir? all ?r\gh life to dea?4 ,!y h discov]$ all ! wa/e places1 all ! nak$ness ( ! ,european sy/em1 bo? by read+ & travel4 ,! great weal? c no long] dazzle !m1 or conceal f _! view ! va/ masses ( ! population liv+ "u :at !y once suppos$ to be ! ideal sy/em--:o are ( no e>?ly use to !mselves or to o!rs4444 ,"u ! ,african sy/em ( communal prop]ty & co-op]ative ef=t1 e memb] ( a community has a home & a suffici5cy ( food & clo?+ & o!r necess>ies ( life--& = life2 & 8 *ildr5 aft] him h ! same advantages4 ,9 ?is sy/em !re is no workh\se & no necessity = su* an arrangem5t4 ,ov]-gov]nm5t ,f ,wallace's ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 p4 #ccf4 7#ahid edition47 ,?is motley1 ignorant1 blood?ir/y1 ?ievi% population 7,papuans1 ,javanese1 ,*9ese1 etc471 live "h )\t ! %ad[ ( a gov]nm5t1 ) no police1 no c\rts1 & no lawy]s2 yet !y d n cut ea* o!r's ?roats2 d n plund] ea* o!r day & night2 d n fall into ! an>*y su* a /ate ( ?+s might be suppos$ to lead to4 ,x is v extraord9>y6 ,x puts /range ?\ghts into "o's head ab\t ! m\nta9-load ( gov]nm5t "u :i* p exi/ 9 ,europe1 & sugge/s ! idea t we may be ov]-gov]n$4 ,?9k ( ! hundr$ ,acts ( ,p>liam5t annually enact$ to prev5t u1 ! p ( ,engl&1 f cutt+ ea* o!r's ?roats1 or f do+ to our neighb\rs z we w\ld n be done by4 ,?9k ( ! ?\s&s ( lawy]s & b>ri/]s ^: :ole lives are sp5t 9 tell+ u :at ! hundr$ ,acts ( ,p>liam5t mean1 & "o w\ld be l$ to inf] t if ,dobbo has too little law ,engl& has too mu*4 ,society )\t ,gov]nm5t ,f ,morley's ,r\sseau1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bbg1 note4 7,ev]sley edition1 #aiaj47 ,jeff]son1 :o 0 ,am]ican m9i/] 9 ,france f #aghd to #aghi1 & absorb$ a great _m ( ! ideas !n afloat1 writes 9 words t seem z if !y 7 borr[$ f ,r\sseau3 ',i am conv9c$ t ^? societies 7z ! ,indians71 :i* live )\t gov]nm5t1 enjoy 9 _! g5]al mass an inf9itely great] degree ( happ9ess ?an ^? :o live "u ,european gov]nm5ts4 ,among ! =m] public op9ion is 9 ! /ate ( law1 & re/ra9s morals z p[]fully z laws ev] did any:]e4 ,among ! latt]1 "u pret5ce ( gov]nm5t1 !y h divid$ ! nation into two classes1 wolves & %eep4 ,i d n exagg]ate2 ?is is a true picture ( ,europe4' 7,f ,tuck]'s ,life ( ,jeff]son1 vol4 i1 p4 #bee47 ,security )\t ,gov]nm5t ,f ,tafilet1 p4 #cec4 ,by ,w4 ,b4 ,h>ris4 7,blackwood1 #ahie47 ,! ,moors h a prov]b1 & x is a v true "o1 t safety & security c only be f\nd 9 ! di/ricts :]e !re is no gov]nm5t--t is to say1 :]e ! gov]nm5t is a tribal "o4 ,degradation ?r\gh ,civilisation ,f ,! ,spiritualism ( ! ,zulu4 ,by ,c4 ,h4 ,bull1 ( ,durban4 ,?irty-two ye>s ago1 ,i liv$ = "s "t 9 a di/rict 9 ,natal1 !n ?ickly populat$ ) natives1 /ill con=m+ to ! primitive cu/oms ( _! race1 yet hone/1 manly & intellig5t p1 ) v def9ite ideas 9 reg>d to moral que/ions4 ,aft] an abs5ce ( ?irty ye>s1 j prior to my sail+ = ,engl&1 ,i aga9 visit$ ! di/rict & 0 amaz$ to obs]ve ! *ange :i* _h tak5 place 9 ! p2 _! habits1 *>act]s & physique4 ,sordid pov]ty1 dress$ 9 mean rags or tawdry f9]y1 sugge/ive ( s]vice to vice1 _h displac$ ! old dignity1 born ( consci\s physical /r5g? & symmetry ( =m1 :i* once1 ?\gh attir$ only 9 ! trapp+s t simple art c\ld devise f ! r\gh products ( nature1 0 *>act]i/ic2 :il/ drunk5ness1 di%one/y & immorality s\ght %elt] "u ! meagre cloaks ( ! religion disp5s$ by ! diff]5t sections ( belief1 e/abli%$ 9 ! little iron1 or wattle & daub *ur*es1 :i* ev]y:]e disfigur$ ! c\ntry side4 ,! *ange 0 complete & deplorable1 nor 7 ! natives unconsci\s ( _! degradation1 or )\t regret = ! pass+ ( ! old days4 ,slav]y ,f ,waitz's ,an?ropologie d] ,naturvlk]1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bha4 7,leipzig1 #ahfj47 ,"o f9ds t ! fate ( ,slaves among ! rud] peoples is mu* happi] ?an among ! civilis$2 inde$ x seems to gr[ worse & worse 9 proportion to ! civilisation ( ! rul+ folk4 ,/range & incr$ible z at fir/ sight ?is seems1 ! foll[+ facts e/abli% x beyond d\bt4 ,& inde$ x is n difficult to expla94 ,! *ief reason is t ) ! increase ( m]ely mat]ial culture1 ,"t & ,lab\r-=ce are m & m priz$1 & consequ5tly always m viol5tly & unscrupul\sly exploit$1 :ile on ! contr>y among primitive p 9 g5]al a less] value is plac$ on ^! ?+s4 ,! ,fraud ( ,we/]n ,civilisation ,extract f ,a ,lett] to a ,*9ese ,g5tleman1 by ,leo ,tol/oy4 7,publi%$ 9 ,saturday ,review1 ,decemb] #a1 #aijf47 ,among/ all ^! ,we/]n nations !re unceas+ly proce$s a /rife betwe5 ! de/itute exasp]at$ work+ p & ! gov]nm5t & weal?y1 a /rife :i* is re/ra9$ only by co]cion on ! "p ( deceiv$ m5 :o con/itute ! army2 a simil> /rife is cont9ually wag+ betwe5 ! diff]5t /ates dem&+ endlessly increas+ armam5ts1 a /rife :i* is any mom5t ready to plunge into ! greate/ cata/rophes4 ,b h[ev] dreadful ?is /ate ( ?+s may be1 x does n con/itute ! ess5ce ( ! calamity ( ! ,we/]n nations4 ,_! *ief & fundam5tal calamity is t ! :ole life ( ^! nations :o are unable to furni% !mselves ) food is entirely bas$ on ! necessity ( procur+ means ( su/5ance by viol5ce & cunn+ f o!r nations1 :o l ,*9a1 ,india1 ,russia & o!rs /ill pres]ve a rational agricultural life4 ,con/itutions1 protective t>iffs1 /&+ armies1 all ?is toge!r has r5d]$ ! ,we/]n nations :at !y are--p :o h ab&on$ agriculture & become unus$ to x1 occupi$ 9 t[ns & factories 9 ! production ( articles = ! mo/ "p unnecess>y1 p :o ) _! armies are adapt$ only to e k9d ( viol5ce & robb]y4 ,h[ev] brilliant _! position may appe> at fir/ sight x is a desp]ate "o1 & !y mu/ inevitably p]i% if !y d n *ange ! :ole /ructure ( _! life f\nd$ z x n[ is on deceit & ! plund] & pillage ( ! agricultural nations4 ,f ,o',bri5's ,:ite ,%ad[s 9 ! ,s\? ,seas4 7,new ,york1 #aiai47 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago !re 7 #afj1jjj ,m>quesans 9 ^! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s4 ,to-day _! total numb] does n rea* #b1ajj4 ,o',bri5 describes ! bad effects ( ,*ri/ianity on ^! savages4 ,= he says ! s-call$ sup]/itions ( ^! races _h a great vitalis+ influ5ce4 ,_! danc+1 _! tattoo+1 _! religi\s rites1 _! *ant+ & _! w>f>e gave !m a ze/ 9 life4 ,b to-day all ,polynesians f ,hawaii to ,tahiti are dy+ because ( ! suppression ( ! play-in/9ct t _h its expression 9 mo/ ( _! cu/oms & occupations4 ,& !y are n[ no?+ b joyless ma*9es & tir$ ( life4 ,failure ( ,our ,civilisation ,= a se>*+ comp>ison betwe5 our social conditions & ^? ( ! _m savage communities visit$ by him--& mu* to ! g5]al advantage ( ! latt]--see ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace's ,malay ,ar*ipelago 7#a/ ed4 #ahfi71 pp4 #def1 #g 7ed4 #ahid74 ,& he ends ! book by say+3 ,until !re is a m g5]al recognition ( ?is failure ( our civilisation--result+ ma9ly f our neglect to tra9 & develop m ?or\ghly ! sympa!tic feel+s & moral faculties ( our nature1 & to all[ !m a l>g] %>e ( influ5ce 9 our legislation1 our comm]ce1 & our :ole social organisation--we %all nev]1 z reg>ds ! :ole community1 atta9 to any real or important sup]iority ov] ! bett] class ( savages4 ,?is is ! lesson ,i h be5 taught by my obs]vations ( uncivilis$ man4 ,i n[ bid my read]s--,f>ewell6 ,,footnote3 #ej ,dall1 ,alaska & its ,res\rces1 ,cambridge1 ,u4,s41 #ahgj4 ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,,unw9 ,,bro!rs1 ,,limit$ ,,wok+ ,,& ,,london ,,adv]tisem5ts ,,books ,,by ,,edw>d ,,c>p5t] ,,angels' ,,w+s3 ,essays on ,art & its ,relation to ,life4 ,illu/rat$4 ,l>ge ,cr4 #hvo1 #fs4 #f;d4 net4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,,art ,,( ,,creation1 ,,!3 ,essays on ! ,self & its ,p[]s4 ,cr4 #hvo1 #es4 net4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,*ants ,,( ,,lab\r3 a ,songbook = ! ,p1 ) frontispiece & cov] by ,walt] ,crane4 7,repr9t+47 ,fif? ,edition4 ,,civilization3 ,,its ,,cause ,,& ,,cure4 ,essays on ,mod]n ,sci5ce4 ,cr4 #hvo4 ,orig9al ,edition4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 net1 & ,limp ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,sixte5? ,edition4 ,new & mu* enl>g$ ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,days ,,) ,,walt ,,:itman4 ,cr4 #hvo1 #es4 net4 ,second ,edition4 ,,! ,,drama ,,( ,,love ,,& ,,dea?3 a ,/udy ( ,human ,evolution & ,transfiguration4 ,cr4 #hvo1 #fs4 net4 ,second ,edition4 ,,engl&',s ,,ideal4 ,cr4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 net1 & ,limp ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,,f ,,adam',s ,,peak ,,to ,,elephanta3 ,sket*es 9 ,ceylon & ,india4 ,l>ge ,cr4 #hvo4 7,repr9t+47 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,heal+ ,,( ,,nations1 ,,!4 ,cr1 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,pap]1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,six? ,edition4 ,,! ,,int]m$iate ,,sex3 a ,/udy ( "s ,transitional ,types ( ,m5 & ,wom54 ,cr4 #hvo1 #es4 net4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,int]m$iate ,,types ,,among ,,primitive ,,folk3 a ,/udy 9 ,social ,evolution4 #hvo1 #es4 net4 ,second ,edition4 ,,iol,,u3 an ,an?ology ( ,fri5d%ip4 ,cr4 #hvo1 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,f\r? ,edition ,enl>g$4 ,,love',s ,,com+ ,,( ,,age3 on ! ,relations ( ! ,sexes4 #hvo1 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,elev5? ,edition4 ,,my ,,days ,,& ,,dreams3 be+ ,autobiographical ,notes ) ,portraits & ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo1 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,pagan ,,& ,,*ri/ian ,,cre$s4 ,demy #hvo1 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,promis$ ,,l&3 a ,drama ( a ,p's ,deliv]ance4 ,a new & revis$ edition ( ,moses4 ,cr4 #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,simplification ,,( ,,life4 ,cr4 #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,t[>ds ,,democracy4 ,libr>y ,edition1 #fs4 net4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,pocket ,edition1 #es4 net4 ,?irte5? ,edition4 ,,t[>ds ,,indu/rial ,,fre$om4 ,cr4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,pap]1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,second ,impression4 ,a ,,visit ,,to ,a ,g,,ani4 ,l>ge ,cr4 #hvo4 ,half ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,photogravure ,,portrait ,,( ,,edw>d ,,c>p5t]1 ) a facsimile autograph4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,gov]nm5t & ,indu/ry ,,by ,c4 ,,delisle ,,burns ,au?or ( ,political ,ideals ,demy #hvo4 ,ab\t #afs4 net4 ,?is is a description ( ! exi/+ relations betwe5 ,briti% gov]nm5t & ! indu/rial sy/em4 ,! pres5t t5d5cies are %[n to indicate ! =mation ( an organiz$ economic community1 bas$ ^u ! ,/ate organization b di/9ct f x4 ,! dom9ant conception op]at+ 9 ?is economic community is t ( public s]vice4 ,! !ory express$ 9 ! book1 h[ev]1 is subord9at$ to a description ( actual facts--! adm9i/rative treatm5t ( lab\r conditions1 unemploym5t1 comm]ce & f9ance1 :i* w be f\nd valuable ev5 by ^? :o d n agree ) ! !ory1 s9ce ! description is ! only "o :i* cov]s contempor>y po/-w> adm9i/ration4 ,k>l ,m>x ,,by ,,a*ille ,,loria ,,translat$ ,,by ,,ed5 ,,& ,,c$> ,,paul ,cr4 #hvo4 ,limp ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t :5 ,m>xianism is s prom95tly be=e ! public1 x is useful to h a translation ( ?is monograph1 :i* makes cle> ,loria's affiliation to1 & diff]5ce f1 ! fam\s au?or ( ',kapital4'--,times4 ,! ,practice & ,!ory ( ,bol%evism ,,by ,,b]tr& ,,russell1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 net4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,mr4 ,russell's rec5t visit to ,russia4 ,a p[]ful & conclusive book 444 z tr5*ant & orig9al z any?+ he has writt54--,daily ,news4 ,!re h be5 few m incisive & p5etrat+ criticisms ( all =ms ( ,communism ?an ,mr4 ,russell's c&id admissions4--,times4 ,roads to ,fre$om3 ,socialism1 ,an>*ism & ,syndicalism ,,by ,,b]tr& ,,russell1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,new ,,& ,,*eap] ,,edition ,cr4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #es4 net2 ,limp1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,a rem>kable book by a rem>kable man4--,times4 ,our ,social ,h]itage ,by ,,pr(essor ,,graham ,,wallas ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,! ,social ,h]itage discuss$ 9 ?is book is ! :ole body ( k & habit :i* is h&$ d[n f "o human g5]ation to ano!r by tea*+ & le>n+4 ,m5 h be5 = s _m g5]ations dep5d5t = _! exi/5ce on ?is h]itage t !y h become biologically unfitt$ to live )\t x1 & its consci\s criticism & revision has become ! ma9 problem ( human organization4 ,! *apt]s deal fir/ ) ! socially inh]it$ exp$i5ts us$ 9 individual "w & ?\ght1 & !n ) ! exp$i5ts us$ 9 gr\p1 national & int]national co-op]ation1 ) special ref]5ce to ! educational problems involv$ & to ! pres5t conflict betwe5 democracy & vocationalism4 ,! book ends ) a discussion ( ! effici5cy z means ( human co-op]ation ( ! conceptions ( ,lib]ty & ,sci5ce1 & ( ! in/itutions ( ,con/itutional ,mon>*y & ! ,*ur*4 ,! me?od us$ ?r\gh\t is ! same k9d ( psy*ological analysis z t us$ 9 ! ,au?or's ,human ,nature 9 ,politics 7#aijh7 & ,! ,great ,society 7#aiad74 ,problems ( a ,new ,_w ,,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,hobson ,cr4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,ev5ts ( ! la/ few ye>s h %ak5 our political & economic sy/ems to _! f\ndations4 ,! old gu>antees ( ord] & progress no long] suffice4 ,! problems ( #aibj are n ^? ( #aiad4 ,human ,nature itself1 z an op]ative =ce1 has *ang$4 ,^! *apt]s discuss ! revelations & describe ! new ideals t are /ruggl+ to get !mselves realiz$ 9 ! new ,indu/ry1 ! new ,/ate1 & ! new ,_w-,ord]4 ,pr9ciples ( ,revolution ,,by ,c4 ,,delisle ,,burns ,cr4 #hvo4 #es4 net4 ,?is is a /atem5t ( ! g5]al pr9ciples und]ly+ mod]n programmes = a radical trans=mation ( society4 ,revolution is tak5 to mean ! me?od by :i* su* a trans=mation may be secur$2 & x is !re=e oppos$ to *aos or viol5ce & contra/$ ) piecemeal re=ms4 ,! description ( ! ideal is giv5 z ! int]pretation ( c]ta9 contempor>y movem5ts & n z propag&a = any political p>ty4 ,?is book1 !re=e1 aims n at an advocacy ( revolution b at an explanation ( ! gr\nds :i* lead m5 to desire x4 ,mod]n ,engli% ,/atesm5 ,,by ,g4 ,r4 ,,/irl+ ,,taylor ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,9 a s]ies ( hi/orical "* /udies1 ?is book reconsid]s ! position ( mod]n /atesman%ip s9ce ! ,/u>t ,rebellion4 ,tak+ ! accept$ facts ( ! late/ hi/orians1 b us+ evid5ce to :i* !y r>ely give its due weight1 ! au?or ma9ta9s t _m ( ! or?odox op9ions are n logical d$uctions f ! data4 ,! book is a *>ge t s9ce ! days ( ,"l ,burghley /atesman%ip has too (t5 deg5]at$ into politics4 ,x is an attempt to e/imate "s typical public m5 9 ! light ( a cold] reason1 :i* %[s1 = example1 t ,oliv] ,cromwell 0 a f\nd] ( mod]n ,plutocracy1 :ile ,b5jam9 ,disraeli 0 ! def5d] ( ,democracy4 ,a ,guildsman's ,int]pretation ( ,hi/ory ,,by ,a4 ,j4 ,,p5ty ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,mr4 ,p5ty is c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( liv+ m51 & ?is is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( 8 books4 ,i recomm5d e "o to read x4--,g4 ,k4 ,,*e/]ton4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,social ,developm5t ,,by ,,dr4 ,f4 ,m,,ll]-,,ly] ,,translat$ ,,by ,,elizabe? ,,coote ,,lake ,h4 ,a4 ,,lake1 ,b4,sc47,econ47 ,,) ,,an ,,introduction ,,by ,,pr(essors ,l4 ,t4 ,,hobh\se ,e4 ,j4 ,,urwick ,demy #hvo4 #ahs4 net4 ,?is translation ( ,dr4 ,f4 ,mll]-,ly]'s fam\s book1 ,phas5 d] ,kultur1 w appeal to all :o are int]e/$ 9 lab\r problems at ! pres5t "t4 ,x conta9s a s]ies ( /udies ( ! diff]5t economic ph5om5a ( to-day1 describ+ ! gradual evolution ( ea* f ! e>lie/ times1 ) an indication ( ! probable tr5d ( future developm5ts4 ,! int]-connection ( ! diff]5t conditions s describ$ is well illu/rat$1 & ea* *apt] ends ) a brief summ>y ( its subject matt]4 ,! acc\nts ( ! v>i\s /ages ( food production1 ( clo?+1 ( h\s+ & ( ! use ( tools conta9 9 a brief & readable =m ! results ( ! inve/igations ( ! pa/ c5tury1 & ,"p ,,iii1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,evolution ( ,lab\r1 w be read ) especial int]e/4 ,,london3 ,,george ,,all5 ,,unw9 ,,limit$ ,,rusk9 ,,h\se1 #dj ,,museum ,,/reet1 ,w4,c4#a