,transcrib]'s note3 ,a few typographical errors h be5 correct$3 !y are li/$ at ! end ( ! text4 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 99 99 99 99 99 ,zoological ,illu/rations1 ,,or ,,orig9al ,,figures ,,& ,,descriptions ,,( ,,new1 ,,r>e1 ,,or ,,int]e/+ ,,animals1 ,,select$ ,,*iefly ,,f ,,! ,,classes ,,( ,orni?ology1 ,entomology1 & ,con*ology1 ,,& ,,arrang$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,app>5t ,,aff9ities4 ,,by ,,wm4 ,,swa9son1 ,,esq41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,,assi/ant ,,commiss>y ,,g5]al ,,to ,h4 ,m4 ,,=ces4 ,,correspond+ ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,society ,,( ,,p>is2 ,,honor>y ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,hi/oric ,,society ,,( ,,new ,,york2 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,w]n]ian ,,society1 c4 c4 c4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,second ,,s]ies4 ,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,r4 ,,havell1 ,,jun4 ,,newman ,,/reet4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,baldw9 ,,& ,,cradock1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 #ahbi4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,mrs4 ,,corrie1 ,,( ,,woodville1 ,,ne> ,,birm+ham4 ---- ,,my ,,de> ,,madam1 ,all[ me1 9 d$icat+ ?is volume ( ,illu/rations to y1 to ev9ce my respect & fri5d%ip = "o ^: tal5ts %un publicity4 ,x may h a b5eficial influ5ce on ! ris+ g5]ation1 to "k1 t a highly cultivat$ und]/&+1 & v>i$ accompli%m5ts1 are n inconsi/5t ) a p]fect dis*>ge ( all ! social duties4 ,& t a m9d /or$ ) k1 & imbu$ ) ,religion1 is an effectual antidote to ! *e]less influ5ce ( debilitat$ heal?4 ,t ^!1 my ,zoological ,recreations1 may 9 y\r op9ion1 contribute to ! great end :i* ! naturali/ %\ld ev] keep 9 view1 ! developem5t ( ! h>monies ( ,creation1 & ! discov]y ( ! natural sy/em1 is ! hope (1 ,,my ,,de> ,,madam1 ,y\r oblig$ & s9c]e ,fri5d1 ,,william ,,swa9son4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface4 ---- ,! execution ( ! ,zoological draw+s n[ publi%$1 h be5 to u an agreeable relaxation f sev]] /udies2 & ! concise descriptions by :i* !y are accompani$1 are int5d$ to convey1 9 a cond5s$ & popul> =m1 ! p>tial result ( m ext5d$ inve/igations4 ,species are ! objects ( :i* ! :ole fabric ( animat$ nature is compos$1 & _! respective prop]ties mu/ be inve/igat$1 be=e _! natural comb9ations c be und]/ood4 ,_! del9eation is !re=e highly important4 ,figures br+ be=e u objects :i* _c always be und]/ood by words2 :ile if fai?fully execut$1 !y possess ! same value z e p]iod ( "t2 = nature is un*angeable4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ( late mu* discussion %\ld h aris5 among our own naturali/s1 z to ! relative m]its ( ! diff]5t modes by :i* !y /udy nature4 ,! se>*]s aft] ! natural sy/em ?r[+ obloquy on ^? :o inve/igate species1#a :ile ! latt] cont5d t mank9d is m int]e/$ 9 kn[+ ! prop]ties ( species1 ?an ^? ( gr\ps4#b ,to u x appe>s t su* discussions are unnecess>y1 & b ill calculat$ to promote t good feel+ :i* %\ld prevail 9 a division ( lab\r4 ,! p[] ( embrac+ compreh5sive views1 & ( detect+ div]sifi$ relations1 mu/ be conf9$ to a few1 because su* objects require ! greate/ ex]tion ( a sup]ior m9d1 yet !y mu/ ev] be ma9ly dep5dant on ! lab\rs ( ano!r class ( naturali/s3 ^? :o analyze ! prop]ties ( species1 & sep>ate ) critical judgm5t1 & nice discrim9ation1 resemblances f aff9ities4 ,b = ^! valuable coadjutors our acqua9tance ) nature w\ld be altoge!r speculative3 !y supply1 9 %ort1 by analysis1 t basis ^u :i* all true k ( nature mu/ repose4 ,natural comb9ations c nev] be fully detect$1 )\t an acqua9tance ) _! compon5t p>ts4 ,! inve/igator ( g5]al laws1 & ! discrim9ator ( species1 are ?us advanc+ ! k ( _! fav\rite sci5ce by diff]5t modes ( /udy4 ,! pa?s !y h *os51 al?\gh ess5tially di/9ct1 lead b to "o common po9t2 & z bo? mu/ be trodd51 x seems unnecess>y to discuss :i* road is ! mo/ hon\rable4 ,9 ! classification ( ! subjects "h compris$1 we h foll[$ no p>ticul> sy/em3 ! *ief object aim$ at1 be+ to po9t out app>5t relations & aff9ities4 ,to ^? ,orni?ological gr\ps :i* ,l9neus nam$ ,g5]a1 & :i* subsequ5t sy/emati/s h consid]$ ,families or sub-families1 we h appli$ ! designations long us$ by ,lea*1 ,/ev5s1 ,flem+1 ,vigors1 c41 b 9 all cases :]e su* divisions are unaccompani$ by a def9ition1 79 ! foll[+ pages17 we wi% x to be und]/ood1 t ! "n is m]ely appli$ provisionally2 indicat+ ! probable /ation ( ! individual2 & t 9 v few in/ances d our own op9ions on ! nature ( su* gr\ps1 co9cide ) ^? ( ! diff]5t writ]s :o h gone be=e u4 ,! spl5did discov]y ( ! circul> sy/em ( ,nature1 has giv5 a totally new aspect to ?is sci5ce2 b has nev]!less be5 att5d$ ) an evil1 no :]e m app>5t ?an 9 ,orni?ology2 :]e syn!sis has completely set aside analysis1 & :]e ! rugg$ & labori\s pa? ( pati5t inve/igation1 has be5 des]t$ = ! fl[]y walks ( ,speculation & ,hypo!sis4 ,! comb9ations ?us produc$1 may well excite ! smile ( our cont95tal neighb\rs1 nor ne$ we feel surprise t !y look1 ) some?+ l contempt1 on su* arrangem5ts call$ natural ( aff9ities & relations4 ,on ! o!r h& ! ,orni?ological writ+s ( ,sonn9i1 ,le ,vaillant1 ,wilson1 & ,az>a1 are nev] fail+ s\rces ( in=mation to ! se>*] aft] tru?4 ,! obs]vations ( su* m51 :o record$ ,nature z %e really is1 & :o c>$ v little = ! fa%ionable sy/ems ( ! day1 may be = a "t neglect$3 b !y mu/ f9ally assume t importance :i* is ev] atta*$ to unbiass$ & dis9t]e/$ te/imony4 ,to ?is hon\rable li/ our own c\ntry c furni% o!r names4 ,! habits & economy ( our native birds h be5 accurately & pati5tly inve/igat$ by ^? lyncean naturali/s1 ,:ite1 ,montague1 & ,selby1 :ile _! int]nal /ructure is n[ engag+ ! att5tion ( ,mr4 ,y>rell1 a ,g5tleman em95tly qualifi$ by long /udy1 & matur$ reflection1 = su* a task4 ,9 ,con*ology we h be5 m desir\s to illu/rate gr\ps1 ?an species2 ! latt] w be done1 on a v ext5sive scale1 9 ! =?com+ "w ( ,mess4 ,s[]by4 ,f ! pati5t lab\rs1 & cauti\s d$uctions1 ( ,dr4 ,horsfield1 we expect a m p]fect elucidation ( ! ,lepidopt]\s ,insects ?an has yet1 p]haps1 be5 attempt$4 ,z ?is w be ! result ( c>eful analysis1 we %all place a high degree ( confid5ce 9 ! views x may develope4 ,9 conclusion1 x may be z well to add1 t our views on sev]al ( ! high] gr\ps1 "h b slightly notic$1 w be m fully expla9$ 9 ano!r "w1 n[ prep>+ = ,publication4 ,titt5hang] ,gre51 ,/4 ,albans1 #bd? ,july1 #ahbi4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,sapphire cr[n$ ,p>rot fem4 ,,psittaculus v]nalis4 ,v]nal ,p>rakeet4 ---- ,family ,psittacid4--,vigors4 ,g5us ,psittaculus4--7,lesson4 ,man4 #b4 p4 #adh47 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,gre51 ) ! head m spl5did2 bill r$2 rump & upp] tail cov]s sc>let2 spot on ! ?roat orange4 ,psittacus v]nalis4 ,sp>man ,mus4 ,c>l4 ,pl4 #bi4 ,psittacula v]nalis4 ,g54 ,zool4 #ad4 p4 #add4 ---- ,! ,v]nal ,p>rakeet has hi!rto rema9$ unfigur$1 except 9 ! sc>ce & little kn[n "w ( ,sp>man3 nor 0 its native c\ntry asc]ta9$1 until rec5t travell]s discov]$ x 9 ! isl&s ( ,java & ,te9or4 ,?is is "o ( ! smalle/ ( p>rots1 sc>cely exce$+ five in*es 9 l5g?2 ! fea!rs ( ! head h a silky texture1 & _! col\r1 9 "s lights1 is p>ticul>ly vivid3 ! tail & ! w+s are gre5 above1 b ( a ri* deep blue b5ea?2 a "* said to be equally conspicu\s 9 ,p4 galgulus ,l4 ,! spot on ! ?roat1 9 our specim51 is orange4 ,9 respect to ! situation ( ?is bird among its cong5]s1 we reta9 x1 provisionally1 9 ! g5us ,psittacula ( ,brisson ,kuhl1 adopt+ ! t]m9ation us$ by ,m4 ,spix1 to avoid ! alt]ation ( specific names4 ,we h n yet _h leisure to /udy ! new divisions made 9 ?is family1 ) t att5tion !y des]ve2 b x /rikes u1 z a defect 9 ! g5us ,psittaculus1 t x unites birds ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,_w 9 "o gr\p4 ,except 9 _! size1 no two p>rots c be m dissimil> 9 con/ruction ?an ! ,indian ,p4 v]nalis1 & ! ,am]ican ,p4 pass]9us4 ,9 ! fir/1 ! "u m&ible is smalle/1 n>r[1 & r po9t$2 ! fir/ quill longe/2 & ! tail fea!rs r\nd$4 ,9 ,p4 pass]9us1 ! "u m&ible is l>ge/1 high1 v ?ick1 & q obtuse2 ! second quill longe/1 & ! tail fea!rs acutely po9t$4 ,^! may be usefully employ$ z sectional *>act]s1 until ! cont5ts ( ! two gr\ps are bett] und]/ood4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,brazilian ,cre/$ ,eagle1 ,polyborus ,brazili5sis4 ,,polyborus ,brazili5sis ,! ,c>ac>a2 or ,brazilian-cre/$ ,eagle4 ---- ,family ,falconid4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,vieil4 ,orn4 #c4 p4 #aahj4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,body above & b5ea?1 cre/ ( ! head1 & end ( ! tail1 blacki% br[n3 ! re/ ( ! plumage cream col\r1 v>i$ ) spots & b&s4 ,falco ,brazili5sis4 ,l94 ,gm4 #fd4 ,buz>d du ,brzil4 ,buffon4 ,la ,c>ac>a4 ,az>a ,voy4 #c4 p4 #cb4 ,vieil4 ,orn4 #c4 p4 #aahj4 ,polyborus ,vulg>is4 ,vieil4 ,gall4 ,pl4 #g4 ,9 ,mus4 ,p>is4 ,d4 ,taylor4 ---- ,! :ole ext5t ( ,tropical ,am]ica1 f ,mexico to ! banks ( ! ,rio ,plata1 is inhabit$ by ?is maje/ic bird4 ,x has be5 slightly notic$ by ! e>li] writ]s1 b no?+ 0 kn[n ( its hi/ory1 until ! publication ( ! invaluable ,memoirs ( ,az>a4 ,its l5g? is ab\t tw5ty-"o in*es4 ,9 its habits !re is a mixture ( c[>dice & d>+4 ,x w attack all o!r rapaci\s birds1 except+ eagles1 = ! purpose ( robb+ !m ( _! prey1 & w (t5 seize ! game ( ! hunt]1 be=e he has "t to secure x4 ,yet ! ,c>ac>a is frequ5tly driv5 f its haunts by ! c\rage ( small birds2 & w only attack "y *ick5s :5 n def5d$ by _! "m4 ,! birds :i* =m ! mod]n g5]a ( ,daptrius1 ,ibyct]1 ,polyborus1 & ,milvago1 pres5t s _m *>act]s 9 common1 t we _c consid] !m ( suffici5t rank to be call$ g5]a4 ,!y appe> to u1 tak5 collectively1 to =m "o gr\p1 9 :i* e species exhibits a peculi> modification ( /ructure1 assimilat+ ei!r to ! ,vultures or ! ,falcons4 ,alli$ bo? 9 /ructure & mann]s to bo? ^! families1 ea* bird may be consid]$ z a /rongly m>k$ l9k ( connexion4 ,!y pres5t1 9 %ort1 t int]*ange ( *>act]s1 g5]ally conf9$ to individual species1 :i* ,nature inv>iably exhibits at ! union ( h] m compreh5sive gr\ps4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,flycat*] ,setophaga picta4 ,,setophaga picta4 ,pa9t$ ,flycat*]4 ---- ,family ,muscicapid ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,lesson ,man4 #b p4 #dcj4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,black2 brea/ & middle ( ! body crimson2 great] w+ cov]s1 & ?ree ext]nal tail fea!rs1 sn[y4 ,9 ,mus4 ,d4 ,taylor4 ---- ,a specim5 ( ?is ri*ly-col\r$ bird 0 s5t to ,john ,taylor1 ,esq41 ,f4 ,g4 ,s41 c41 f ,real del ,monte1 9 ,mexico4 ,x is n only new to ,orni?ologi/s1 b =ms a beautiful addition to a geographic gr\p1 orig9ally f\nd$ ^u "o species4 ,! figure is ! size ( life4 ,! bri/les at ! bill are compact1 rigid1 & all direct$ =w>ds3 "u tail cov]s & ?ighs :iti%3 ! :ite b& on ! w+s occupies ! great] cov]s1 & ! tips ( ! less]3 ! quill cov]s are also m>g9$ ) :ite3 ! extreme base ( ! ?ree out] tail fea!rs are m or less black4 ,! *>act]s ^u :i* we =m$ ?is gr\p1 conf9e x /rictly to birds ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,= al?\gh ! habits ( ! typical species ev9ce a m>k$ aff9ity to ! ,fantail$ ,flycat*]s ( ,au/ralia1 ! con/ruction ( _! w+s is totally diff]5t4 ,! disposition ( ! black & crimson col\rs on our bird1 w rem9d ! ,orni?ologi/ ( ! ,r$-belli$ ,flycat*] ( ,la?am1 ( :i*1 9 fact1 x is ne>ly an exact prototype4 ,b ?is resemblance1 h[ev] /rong1 appe>s to u to be "o ( analogy1 r ?an ( aff9ity4 ,we consequ5tly consid] ! ,muscicapa ,multicolor1 ,la?ami1 & ,good5ovia1 ( ,,mm4 ,horsfield & ,vigors1 z m truly belong+ to ! family ( ,sylviad4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,ancill>ia rubig9osa ,,ancill>ia rubig9osa4 ---- ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,%ell oblong1 smoo?1 entirely poli%$3 suture n *annell$4 ,base ( ! pill> oblique1 ?ick5$1 & /riat$4 ,s4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell imp]=ate1 oblong1 *e/nut2 spire elongat$2 body :orl above b&$2 base ) two belts & a concave groove4 ,sw4 9 ,phil4 ,mag4 #fb4 p4 #djc4 ,a4 rubig9osa4 ,sw4 9 ,br&'s ,j\rn41 ,no4 #cf1 p4 #bhc4 ---- ,! ,ancill>i are m>9e %ells1 few 9 numb]1 & peculi> to w>m latitudes4 ,!y are naturally poli%$1 & v mu* %ap$1 l ! ,olives2 b ! suture1 :i* 9 ^? %ells is m>k$ by a deep grove1 is 9 ^! cov]$ by a ?ick enamel4 ,! animal1 we believe1 rema9s unkn[n4 ,9 a monograph ( ?is g5us1 publi%$ 9 ! ,j\rnal above quot$1 we describ$ f\rte5 rec5t1 & f\r fossil species1 be+ all :i*1 at t p]iod1 we _h se54 ,( ^!1 ! pres5t is "o ( ! l>ge/1 & c]ta9ly ! mo/ beautiful4 ,our figure 0 made f a mat*less specim51 receiv$ by ,mrs4 ,mawe f ,*9a1 & n[ 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,brod]ip4 ,we he>1 ) pleasure1 t ,mr4 ,george ,s[]by has select$ ?is int]e/+ gr\p = an e>ly illu/ration 9 8 promis$ ,species ,con*yliorum4 ,! pr(essional opportunities :i* ?is zeal\s ,con*ologi/ enjoys w1 no d\bt1 enable him to make consid]able & valuable additions to ?is & e o!r dep>tm5t ( 8 subject2 & he has our cordial good wi%es = success 9 ?is mo/ labori\s und]tak+4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,mitra melaniana ,,mitra melaniana4 ---- ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,zool4 ,illu/r4 #a ,s]ies1 ,pl4 #bc4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell smoo?1 blacki% br[n1 ) v m9ute punctur$ transv]se /ri2 spire att5uat$1 long] ?an ! ap]ture2 pill> #d-plait$4 ,mitra melaniana4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #cad4 ,m4 nigra8 ,*em4 ,con*4 #aj ,pl4 #aea4 f4 #adcj1 #adca4 ,m4 c>bon>ia4 ,sw4 9 ,bligh4 ,cat4 ,app4 p4 #aj4 ---- ,we are acqua9t$ ) two %ells1 p]fectly di/9ct z species1 yet suffici5tly alike to r5d] ,lam>ck's description ( 8 ,m4 melaniana applicable to bo?4 ,9 ?is unc]ta9ty1 we at fir/ int5d$ to di/+ui% ?is by ! "n ( c>bon>ia1 & to consid] ! o!r z ,lam>ck's melaniana1 b fur!r consid]ation induces u to alt] ?is arrangem5t2 ! second species we propose to illu/rate 9 an e>ly numb]4 ,our figure 0 tak5 f a full-siz$ specim51 receiv$ f ,au/ralia1 & n[ 9 ! ,man*e/] ,museum4 ---- ,,mitra tessellata4 ---- ,%ell ovate1 smoo?1 ) remote transv]se punctur$ /ri2 :iti%1 cancellat$ by transv]se & longitud9al fulv\s l9es2 inn] lip br[n at ! base2 out] lip smoo?4 ,mitra tessellata4 ,swa9s4 9 ,br&'s ,j\rnal1 ,no4 #cc4 p4 #cd4 7,ap4 #ahbd47 ---- ,we h already giv5 a full acc\nt ( ?is v r>e %ell2 a repetition ( :i* is r5d]$ unnecess>y by ! publication ( ! figures4 ,! specim5 f :i* ^! 7 tak51 0 !n 9 ! possession ( ,mrs4 ,mawe1 ^: k9dness & lib]ality1 9 =w>d+ our sci5tific pursuits1 has be51 = v _m ye>s1 con/ant & inv>iable4 ,we "k n its c\ntry1 nor h we ev] se5 a second example4 ,mr4 ,grey has rec5tly giv5 an additional int]e/ to ?is gr\p1 by publi%+ an acc\nt ( ! /ructure ( ! animal4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,african ,jacana ,p>ra ,africana4 ,,p>ra ,africana4 ,african ,jacana4 ---- ,family ,rallid4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,lesson ,man4 #b4 p4 #bhe4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,above deep c9namon2 cr[n ( ! head nak$2 ?roat :ite2 brea/ fulv\s2 neck & quills black2 spur on ! w+ obsolete4 ,p>ra ,africana4 ,la?4 ,ind4 ,orn4 #b4 #gfd4 ,african ,jacana4 ,la?4 ,g54 ,syn4 #e4 p4 #bdf4 ,g54 ,hi/4 #i4 p4 #cic4 ,9 ,mus4 ,p>4 ,no/ro4 ---- ,! ,jacanas are wad+ birds1 some:at analag\s1 bo? 9 /ructure & habits1 to ! ,european wat]-h52 b 9 _! native haunts1 f n be+ di/urb$1 !y are less %y4 ,! numb] ( ^! birds on ! lakes ( ,brazil1 ! elegance ( _! movem5ts1 & _! fe>lessness ( man1 excite an int]e/ 9 ! travell] :o j\rneys ?r\gh regions1 ornam5t$ alone by ,nature4 ,mo/ ( ! ,jacanas inhabit ,s\? ,am]ica--a few occur 9 ,india2 & ?is1 z its "n implies1 is f\nd 9 ,africa4 ,! typical species h ! w+s arm$ ) a /rong & v acute bony spur2 b 9 ,p4 ,africana1 ?is is s small1 z n to be p]ceiv$ :5 ! w+ is clos$4--,bruce m5tions ?is bird by ! "n ( ,meylie1 z inhabit+ ,abyss9ia2 & ,mr4 ,salt f\nd x at ,mozambique4 ,our specim5 0 receiv$ f ,we/]n ,africa1 by ,mr4 ,w>d1 ,animal ,pres]v]1 ,broad ,/reet1 ,gold5 ,squ>e4 ,! peculi> /ructure ( ! feet ( ^! birds is highly s+ul>1 b _! p>ticul> use has n1 we believe1 be5 expla9$4 ,! ,jacanas are v light birds2 & _! long toes1 spread+ ov] a wide surface1 enable !m to walk on ! float+ leaves ( aquatic plants1 ) z mu* facility z if !y 7 on l&4 ,9 su* situations _! appe>ance is really delusive2 = _! pressure be+ suffici5t to s9k ! support+ leaf j bel[ ! surface1 ! birds actually appe> to walk ^u ! wat]4 ,total l5g?1 ab4 #aj2 bill1 #a-b_/aj2 w+s1 #e-b_/aj2 t>si1 #b-b_/aj2 h9d toe & claw1 #e-a_/aj4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,african ,,black ,,cuck[4 ,cuculus nigricans4 ,,cuculus nigricans4 ,african ,black ,cuck[4 ---- ,family ,cuculid4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,lesson4 ,man4 #b4 #aai4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,black gloss$ ) blue2 quills int]nally :ite1 ) blacki% b&s2 tips ( ! lat]al tail fea!rs :iti%2 bill & legs black4 ---- ,! g5us ,cuculus1 ev5 z n[ re/rict$1 conta9s a numb] ( species1 disp]s$ ov] ! cont95ts & isl&s ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,9 ,am]ica !y are n kn[n3 b ! g5us ,coccyzus1 :i* !re repres5ts ! gr\p1 is "o ( ^? few :i* are common to bo? hemisph]es4 ,! specific di/9ctions ( birds hav+ a uni=m black plumage1 is at all times difficult2 & m s1 :5 we attempt to id5tify !m ) ! descriptions ( au?ors4 ,( ! black ,cuck[s ( ,africa1 our bird comes ne>e/ to ! ,c\c\ cri>d ( ,levaillant1 7,ois4 d',af4 pl4 #bjd-e17 b diff]s 9 hav+ ! bill & feet black in/ead ( yell[3 x _c be ! ,cuculus ,indicus nig] ( ,brisson1 z t has ! quills1 int]nally1 t\t fait noir3 nei!r is x ! black ,indian ,cuck[ ( ,edw>ds1 pl4 #eh1 7,cuculus nig] ,l9417 ^: bill & feet are r$4 ,we 7 incl9$ to ?9k t ! second species ( ,buffon's ,c\keels might be our bird1 not)/&+ ! diff]5ce ( _! locality2 b ,comm]son's orig9al description decides ! "q2 8 words are ,cuculus cri/atus m9dan5sis co]uleo nigricans totus1 7,buff4 ed4 ,son4 #ed4 p4 #ed47 ,our bird has no cre/4 ,we h "h consult$ only orig9al writ]s2 = subsequ5t transcrib]s h s bl5d$ ^! birds "u "o "n1 t x is sc>cely possible to dis5tangle _! synonyms4 ,m4 ,vieillot has increas$ ! confusion1 by transpos+ ! specific names ( ,l9nu3 ! true ,c4 nig]1 ,l4 be+ 8 ,ori5talis 7,en4 ,me?4 ,orn4 #acca74 ,our bird 0 s5t to u = exam9ation by ,mr4 ,w>d4 ,x is a g5u9e ,cuck[3 ! no/rils be+ r\nd1 ! ?ird quill longe/1 & ! second %ort] ?an ! f\r?4 ,x came f ,we/]n ,africa4 ,total l5g?1 #ab2 bill1 #a-a_/aj2 w+s1 #f2 tail1 #f4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,blue neck$ ,lory ,,lorius ,isidorii4 ,blue-neck$ ,lory4 ---- ,family ,psittacid4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,lesson4 ,man4 #b4 #adh4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,crimson2 cr[n1 nape1 neck1 ?roat1 & middle ( ! belly violet blue2 quill cov]s tipt ) black2 tail mod]ate1 graduat$1 r$di% br[n4 ---- ,a spl5did specim5 ( ?is lovely bird 7! only "o we believe 9 ?is k+dom71 came into our possession "s ye>s ago ?r\gh ,mr4 ,w>wick1 a travell+ naturali/ ( great m]it4 ,x 0 pur*as$ by him1 alive1 9 ! ,isle ( ,france1 :]e x _h be5 br\ght 9 a trad+ vessel f ,new ,gu9ea3 b x un=tunately di$ on its passage to ,engl&4 ,we feel happy1 t 9 record+ ?is new & beautiful bird1 an e>ly opportunity is giv5 u ( commemorat+ our deep s5se ( ! k9dness we receiv$ f a "y naturali/ ( ,france1 ^: writ+s h already acquir$ celebrity1 & :o promises to inh]it ! great & comm&+ tal5ts ( 8 illu/ri\s fa!r4 ,9 prosecut+ our /udies at ! ,g>d5 ( ,plants1 we met ) su* unexampl$ lib]ality f its mo/ di/+ui%$ ,pr(essors1 t we feel emb>rass$ :]e fir/ to return our ?anks4 ,b ! facilities & att5tions we receiv$ f ,m4 ,isidore ,ge(froy ,sa9t ,hilaire1 p>tly involv$ a sacrifice ( p]sonal conv5i5ce2 uncall$ =1 ei!r by ! nature ( 8 appo9tm5t1 or by ! common rules ( c\rtesy4 ,s mu* = ! reception :i* ,briti% naturali/s receive 9 ,france4 ,we %\ld d well1 :5 /riv+ to imitate ! ,zoological ,in/itutions ( t nation1 if we imbib$ some:at m ( _! lib]ality4 ,we hope ! "t is n f> di/ant1 :5 ! sy/em ( regulations & re/rictions1 :i* n[ f5ce ! ,museum ( a popul> ,society1 f all :o _c pay = admittance1 z memb]s1 may be ex*ang$ = a policy m cr$itable to ! age1 & m hon\rable to ! nation4 ,we %all (f] a few rem>ks1 illu/rat+ ?is p>ticul> g5us1 9 our next numb]4 ,total l5g?1 #i 942 w+s #e2 tail 7beyond7 #a1 f ! base1 #c4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,ampull>ia ,pl4 #a4 ,a4 c>9ata4 ,,ampull>ia c>9ata4 ,c>9at$ ,apple-snail4 ---- ,family ,ampull>id4--,guild4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,,pa*y/oma4 ,%ell v5tricose2 m>g9 ( ! lip ?ick1 g5]ally groov$2 op]culum te/ace\s4 ,zool4 ,j\rn4 #ab4 p4 #ecf4 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell olive1 v5tricose1 )\t b&s2 :orls c>9at$ ne> ! suture4 ---- ,9 ! fir/ ,s]ies ( our ,illu/rations1 we endeav\r$ to less5 ! confusion :i*1 at t "t1 prevail$ among ! species ( ,ampull>ia1 figur+ & nam+ su* z appe>$ to u truly di/9ct4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( our lab\rs1 ! six? "p ( ! ,animaux sans ,vetebres ( ! celebrat$ ,lam>ck 0 publi%$ 9 ,p>is2 9 :i* is describ$ sev]al species1 figur$ 9 our volumes "u o!r names4 ,a want ( mutual communication betwe5 au?ors writ+ at ! same "t1 & on ! same subject1 has naturally caus$ confusion 9 nom5clature2 :i*1 at an e>ly p]iod1 we int5d to elucidate4 ,our fri5d ! ,rev4 ,l4 ,guild+1 ^: accuracy ( obs]vation c only be equall$ by 8 indefatigable zeal1 has e/abli%$ ! di/9ction betwe5 ! horny & %elly op]culat$ ,ampull>i1 on anatomical pr9ciples4 ,! pres5t species 7:i* 0 engrav$ be=e 8 valuable memoir 0 publi%$7 mu/ consequ5tly be plac$ 9 8 g5us ,pa*y/oma2 :ile ! c>9ata ( ,lam>ck1 f hav+ a horny op]culum1 rema9s ) ! true ,ampull>i4 ,we "k n ! precise locality ( our species2 b conjecture x may be f "s ( ! riv]s ( ,india4--,specim5s1 9 diff]5t /ages ( gr[?1 are 9 ! ,man*e/] ,museum1 & 9 our own4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,unio ,pl4 #a4 ,u4 truncatus ,,unio truncatus4 ,truncat$ ,riv] ,mussel4 ---- ,acephala ,dimy>ia4 ,sub-family ,les ,nayades4--,lam4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,,g5]a4 ,,unio4 ,%ells ) lat]al & c>d9al tee?1 ! latt] %ort & deeply divid$4 ,,hyria4 ,lat]al & c>d9al tee? di/9ct2 b ! latt] l5g!n$1 & unit$ to ! =m] by irregul> d5tations4 ,,irid9a4 ,tee? consi/+ ( a s+le cr5at$ l9e1 p>allel ) ! ligam5t4 ,,anodon4 ,all ! tee? ei!r obsolete1 or entirely want+4 ,,alasmodon4 ,lat]al tee? none2 c>d9al tee? simple1 or slightly divid$4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell ?ick1 oblong1 sub-cyl9drical1 )9 pe>ly1 umbones close to ! ant]ior m>g91 :i* is truncate2 po/]ior extremity n>r[$4 ---- ,9 our =m] ,s]ies1 we h frequ5tly m5tion$ ! ,fluviatile ,bivalve ,%ells1 ( :i* ! g5us ,unio appe>s to be ! type4 ,9 a gr\p :i* pres5t s few c]ta9 *>act]s1 ei!r = discrim9at+ ! species or *>act]iz+ ! g5]a1 we h1 ) o!r writ]s1 held diff]5t op9ions at diff]5t times4 ,& ! read] has only to p]use an int]e/+ pap] on ^! %ells1 9 ! ,zoological ,j\rnal 7,vol4 ,i4 p4 #ec71 to be conv9c$ ( ! intricacy ( ! subject4 ,nev]!less x is obs]v$1 by ^? :o /udy natural aff9ities1 t :5 ! l9ks betwe5 two di/9ct =ms ( animals are s complete1 t _! dissimil>ities are lo/ 9 int]m$iate & undef9able gradations1 x is !n t ! natural arrangem5t is mo/ likely to be discov]$4 ,= x has be5 demon/rat$ 9 su* gr\ps1 t ! mo/ p]fect ord] & h>mony w come out1 ( :at appe>$ an inextricable entanglem5t ( relations4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 w nev] result f ! belief 9 a simple scale ( ,nature1 or by attempt+ to circumscribe gr\ps by absolute *>act]s4 ,we !re=e n[ (f] ! =ego+ sket* ( ! natural divisions ( ! ,nayades1 z ! result ( all we h se5 or read ^u ?is difficult subject4 ,we are unacqua9t$ ) any describ$ species to :i* ! %ell "h figur$ c be ref]r$4 ,its sub/ance is v ?ick1 & its =m ne>ly cyl9drical4 ,we h se5 b "o specim51 & t 0 ) ,mrs4 ,mawe4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,brea/$ ,,wr54 ,?ryo?orus ,mexicanus4 ,,?rio?orus ,mexicanus4 ,mexican1 or ,:ite-?roat$ ,wr54 ---- ,family ,c]?iad4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,vieil4 ,orn4 #b4 #fbg4 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,br[n1 v>i$ ) dusky l9es & :ite dots2 ?roat & brea/ sn[y2 tail f]rug9\s1 ) black b>s4 ,mus4 ,d4 ,taylor4 ---- ,9 ! collection ( ,birds be=e allud$ to1 =m$ by ! late ,mr4 ,john ,morgan at ,real del ,monte1 0 a s+le sk9 ( ?is new & elegant species4 ,! sn[y :it5ess ( its ?roat1 r5d]s x n liable to be mi/ak5 9 a gr\p ( birds1 pres5t+ 9 g5]al a great simil>ity ( plumage4 ,! upp] p>ts are greyi% br[n1 v>i$ ) obscure1 dusky1 brok5 l9es ( blacki%2 ea* fea!r be+ tipt ) a small r\nd :ite spot3 w+ cov]s & t]tials ! same3 upp] & "u tail cov]s f]rug9\s2 ea* fea!r ) a :ite spot be=e ! :ite "o :i* is at ! tip1 l[] brea/ & all ! "u plumage ruf\s br[n1 cross$ by black l9es2 ! :ite dots ne>ly obsolete1 tail f]rug9\s1 ) ab\t six black b>s3 legs br[n1 h9d claw z long z ! t>sus4 ,f\r? & fif? quill longe/4 ,?is g5us has be5 judici\sly sep>at$ by ,m4 ,vieillot f ,troglodytes 7to :i* belongs our ,br[n ,european ,wr571 on acc\nt ( its l5g!n$ & g5]ally not*$ bill3 ! great] prolongation ( ! h9d toe is a fur!r di/9ction2 indicat+ an aff9ity ) ! m p]fect scansorial ,creep]s4 ,to ?is gr\p belongs ! ,myo!ra obsoleta ( ,pr9ce ,*>les ,bonap>te4 ,no example ( t g5us1 or ( ,?amnophilus 79 _! mo/ ext5d$ s5se71 has yet be5 f\nd nor? ( ,cuba3 _! /raight1 cyl9drical1 & abruptly-hook$ bills1 (f] a /rik+ contra/ to ! l5g!n$1 compress$1 curv$1 & consequ5tly feeble /ructure ( ?is "p 9 ,?rio?orus & ,troglodytes4 ,total l5g?1 #e2 bill1 #a-a_/aj2 w+s1 & tail1 #b-f_/aj t>si1 #g_/aj4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,c]am ,lory ,,lorius g>rulus4 ,c]am ,lory4 ---- ,family ,psittacid4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,bill mod]ate1 compress$1 end ( ! upp] m&ible1 )91 entirely smoo?2 "u m&ible l5g!n$1 conic2 ! tip entire4 ,legs /\t2 ,tail mod]ate1 r\nd$ or graduat$2 ! fea!rs broad1 _! tips obtuse4 ,nob4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,sc>let3 w+s gre51 %\ld]s yell[1 half ( ! tail blui% black4 ,psittacus g>rulus4 ,l94 #add4 ,kuhl4 ,cons4 ,psit4 p4 #da4 ,no4 #ef4 ,le ,lori-,noira4 ,buffon4 ,sonn4 #bg4 p4 #abf4 ,pl4 ,enl4 #baf4 ,le ,p]roquet ,lori ,n\>a4 ,levail4 #b4 pl4 #if4 ,sc>let ,lory4 ,edw4 pl4 #agb4 ,le ,lory de ,c]am4 ,briss4 ,orn4 #d4 #bae4 ---- ,! popul> "n ( ,lories has long be5 giv5 to ^? ,p>rots1 peculi> to ! cont95t & isl&s ( ,india1 ^: brilliant r$ plumage =ms a /rong contra/ to ! gre5 col\r :i* g5]ally p]vades ?is family4 ,! s\!rn limits ( _! di/ribution d n ext5d to ,au/ralia1 b mu* ( _! g5]al /ructure is transf]r$ to ! ,lory-,p>rakeets1 =m+ ! mod]n g5us ,tri*oglossus2 ?is latt] gr\p be+ diffus$ ov] ! rema9+ isl&s ( ! great ,pacific ,ocean4 ,! ,c]am ,lory1 f be+ well kn[n1 & exhibit+ ! prom95t *>act]s ( its tribe1 is a correct type ( ! g5us4 ,its l5g? is ab\t elev5 in*es4 ,! g5]al col\r is ri* sc>let1 ) ! w+s & ?ighs gre53 ! b5d ( ! %\ld]1 7& sometimes a spot on ! back17 is yell[4 ,tail graduat$1 ! l[] half ( ! fea!rs deep blacki% gre51 gloss$ ) blue4 ,inhabits ! ,molucca ,isl&s4 ,not)/&+ ! att5tion rec5tly be/[$ 9 *>act]iz+ ! gr\ps ( ?is family1 ! mo/ important ext]nal peculi>ity ( ,lorius & ,tri*oglossus has be5 ov]look$4 ,9 ^! birds1 t "p ( ! ro( ( ! "u m&ible :i* projects beyond ! l[]1 is g5]ally ?91 & always p]fectly smoo?3 a weakness ( /ructure :i* r5d]s x impossible = ^! p>rots to fe$ ^u h>d sub/ances2 & betrays _! frugivor\s & suctorial nature1 by indications p]ceptible to e "o4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,levaillants ,,cuck[4 ,coccyzus ,levaillanti ,,coccyzus ,levaillantii4 ,black & ,:ite-?roat$ ,cuck[4 ---- ,family ,cuculid4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,lesson4 ,man4 #b4 #abj4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,head cre/$1 ! fea!rs po9t$2 plumage above black gloss$ ) gre52 b& at ! base ( ! quills1 end ( ! tail1 & "u p>ts ( ! body1 :ite2 ?roat /rip$ ) black4 ,v>iete du ,c\c\ ,edolio1 ,le ,vail4 ,ois4 d',af4 #d4 pl4 #bji4 ---- ,unlike ! true ,cuck[s1 ! birds ( ?is g5us re> & provide = _! "y 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,! species are num]\s 9 ! tropical latitudes ( bo? hemisph]es4 ,two are f\nd 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 :i*1 9 _! ext]nal *>act]s1 approa* s ne> to ! g5u9e ,cuck[s1 t !y b>ely come )9 ! def9ition ( ! pres5t gr\p4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t species1 orig9ally well describ$1 become involv$ 9 obscurity by compil]s4 ,le ,vaillant1 :o fir/ describ$ ?is bird1 suppos$ x a v>iety ( 8 ,c\c\ ,edolio3 b 9 ?is he 0 mi/ak52 ! "o be+ a ,cuculus2 ! o!r a ,coccyzus4 ,we %\ld h ?\ght our species might be ! ,cuculus ,af]4 ( ,drs4 ,lea* & ,la?am1 _h n ! =m] /at$ 8 bird to be a v>iety ( ,le ,vaillant's1 & figur$ x z an example ( ! g5us ,cuculus4 ,dr4 ,la?am 7,g54 ,hi/4 #c1 #bij7 copies ?is description ( ,c4 ,af]4 7,zool4 ,mis4 #a4 p4 #ca71 adds "s fur!r *>act]s n se5 9 our bird1 &1 "u ! same "n1 describes :at is evid5tly ano!r species4 ,la/ly1 ,m4 ,vieillot1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! g5us ,coccyzus 7,orn4 ,ency4 ,me?4 p4 #acdb71 rely+ on ! usual accuracy ( ,le ,vaillant--& nev]1 p]haps1 hav+ se5 ! bird--omits x altoge!r4 ,to prev5t ?is confusion ext5d+ fur!r1 & to deta* ! species f ^? dubi\s descriptions ) :i* x has be5 mix$1 we h ?\ght x be/ to record x by ! "n ( its fir/ describ]4 ,our figure w r5d] a detail$ description unnecess>y3 ! w+s1 al?\gh long1 are r\nd$2 ! fif? quill be+ ! longe/4 ,! total l5g? is fifte5 in*es4 ,inhabits ,s5egal1 & ! ,we/]n ,coa/ ( ,africa4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>m>o/oma4 ,pl4 #a4 ,m4 undulata4 ,,m>m>o/oma undulata4 ,wav$ ,pe>l ,snail4 ---- ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,%ell turb9at$1 pond]\s1 ! :orls g5]ally angulat$1 ! sub/ance pe>ly3 ap]ture circul>1 clos$ by a te/ace\s op]culum3 umbilicus none4 ,type1 ,turbo *ryso/omus4 ,l4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell angulat$1 v>iegat$ ) gre5 & br[n undulat$ /ripes1 summit ( ea* :orl coronat$4 ---- ,f ! g5]a ,turbo & ,tro*us ( mod]n ,con*ologi/s1 we h deta*$ all ^? species ^: %ells are clos$ by a calc>i\s op]culum2 & ?is gr\p we propose to di/+ui% by ! "n ( ,m>m>o/oma4 ,! species1 l ! ,tro*i1 prop]ly s call$1 are all ( a pe>ly /ructure2 b _! sub/ance is mu* ?ick]2 ! base ( ! %ell is slightly produc$2 ! ext]ior surface is m>k$ ei!r ) tub]cles1 grooves1 or elevat$ ridges2 & ! ap]ture 7f ! convexity ( ! la/ :orl7 =ms a circle4 ,if ! /ud5t comp>es ^! *>act]s ) ,tro*us ,zizyph9us1 a common ,briti% %ell1 he w imm$iately p]ceive ! lead+ diff]5ces betwe5 ! two gr\ps4 ,b x is ! calc>i\s nature ( ! op]culum 7z indicat+ an important diff]5ce 9 ! organization ( ! animal7 :i* con/itutes ! prim>y "* ( ,m>m>o/oma3 ! p>ticul> /ructure ( ?is app5dage v>ies consid]ably 9 ! diff]5t species3 9 "s its out] surface is smoo? & convex2 & 9 o!rs v>i\sly granulat$4 ,9 ! pres5t %ell x is m>k$ by ?ree or f\r deep semicircul> grooves2 t ne>e/ ! middle is ! deepe/1 & t]m9ates 9 an umbilicus4 ,9 "s specim5s1 ! sp9es on ! pr9cipal ridge ( ! body :orl are ne>ly obsolete2 b ^? :i* cr[n ! summit appe> con/ant4 ,we are indebt$ to ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,bulw]1 a sci5tific & ardu\s ,con*ologi/1 = our specim5s ( ?is new species1 pur*as$ by him 9 a collection s5t f ,panama4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,voluta4 ,pl4 ,i4 ,v4 ,bullata ,,voluta bullata4 ,bulla-%ap$ ,volute4 ---- ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,zool4 ,ill4 #a ,s]ies1 pl4 #afa4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell oval1 smoo?1 fulv\s1 m>k$ by zigzac d>k] l9es2 spire %ort1 papill>y2 out] lip asc5d+ t[>ds ! spire2 base ( ! pill> ) two /rong plaits4 ,mus4 ,d4 ,brod]ip4 ---- ,among ! %ells :i* =m$ "p ( ! ,african ,museum1 exhibit$ & f9ally sold 9 ,london "s few ye>s back1 0 a s+le specim5 ( ?is new & curi\s ,volute4 ,worn & batt]$ by ! friction ( ! waves1 x /ill reta9$ its col\r & m>k+s suffici5tly di/9ct to admit ( a tol]ably accurate del9eation4 ,! only "p we h v5tur$ to re/ore is ! cont\r ( ! out] lip1 :i* we h adapt$ to ! l9es ( gr[?4 ,! middle figure repres5ts ! %ell 9 its brok5 /ate2 & ?is cle>ly %ews ! asc5d+ ( ! lip t[>ds ! spire1 9 ! same mann] z 9 ,v4 lapponica4 ,! aff9ities :i* are sugge/$ by ! peculi> /ructure ( ?is %ell1 are curi\s4 ,9 its g5]al %ape1 & 9 ! numb] ( its plaits1 x is obvi\sly alli$ to ,voluta ,nucleus1 h>pa2 lyr=mis1 c41 :]e ! two la/ plaits ( ! pill> are v ?ick1 & ^? above ei!r small or evanesc5t2 b f su*1 our %ell diff]s mat]ially by be+ q smoo?1 & 9 hav+ a %ort obtuse spire4 ,we d n believe t ?is "p has receiv$ mu* injury4 ,! suture is p]fect to ! v end3 fur!r evid5ce may be drawn f ! extreme n>r[ness ( ! ?ird spiral :orl2 a =mation :i* only belongs to papill>y spir$ %ells4 ,?is "*1 jo9$ ) ! smoo?ness & size ( ! body :orl1 %ews a clos] approximation to ! ,melon %ells1 ?an to any o!r division ( ! gr\p4 ,?ree or f\r int]m$iate =ms are alone want+ to complete ! d\ble s]ies4 ,mr4 ,brod]ip1 :o is 9 possession ( ?is %ell1 has rec5tly arrang$ ! ,lam>kian ,volut into v natural gr\ps2 two ( :i* are consid]$ z hold+ ! rank ( g5]a4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,mu/a*oe ,p>rakeet4 ,,paleornis ,pondic]ianus4 ,pondi*]y1 or ,mu/a*oe ,p>rakeet4 ---- ,family ,psittacid4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,zool4 ,j\rn4 #b1 p4 #df4--,less4 ,man4 #b1 p4 #ade4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,gre52 head pale blui%2 frontal l9e & /ripe on ! l[] jaw black2 w+s ) a c5tral spot ( yell[i%2 brea/ pale r$4 ,le ,p]ru*e a m\/a*es4 ,buffon4 ,sonn4 #bg1 p4 #ahe1 ,pl4 ,enl4 #eag4 ---- a poitr9e rose4 ,levail4 ,pl4 #ca4 ,p4 ,pondic]ianus4 ,kuhl1 ,nova ,acta1 c4 ,no4 #dh994 ,paleornis ,pondic]ianus4 ,vigors4 ,zool4 ,j\rn4 #b1 p4 #ed4 ---- ,! ,r+-neck$ ,p>rakeets ( ,india1 & ! ,asiatic ,isl&s1 are n[ consid]$ z =m+ a p>ticul> g5us4 ,! geographic di/ribution ( ! gr\p1 & ! *>act]s ( ! species1 h be5 detail$ ) mu* skill & classic erudition1 9 ! ,zoological ,j\rnal4 ,among ! num]\s orni?ological facts1 :i* ! di/+ui%$ lib]ality ( ,,mm4 ,cuvi] & ,ge(froy ,/4 ,hilaire enabl$ u to asc]ta91 dur+ a c\rse ( /udy at ! ,royal ,museum ( ,p>is1 is "o t relates to ?is species4 ,specim5s 9 t noble collection1 bo? f ,pondi*]y & ,java1 enable u to affirm1 t ! ,psittacus ,osbeckii & ,pondic]ianus ( au?ors1 are "o & ! same species4 ,not)/&+ ! frequ5cy ( ?is bird 9 ,java1 & o!r p>ts ( ,india1 we are completely ignorant ( its natural hi/ory1 ( ^? div]sifi$ habits1 & modes ( liv+1--9 %ort1 ( t k1 :i* gives su* an animat+ *>m to natural hi/ory1 :i* manife/s ! provision ( ! ,almighty = all ,8 creatures1 :i* c be kn[n & und]/ood by all1 & :i* prompts ! he>t to contemplation & praise4 ,is !re no "o1 9 all our va/ ,ori5tal t]ritory1 to record some?+ ( ! fea!r$ inhabitants ( ! ,ea/]n ,_w8 ,is !re n1 ?r\gh\t ,india1 ev5 "o ( our c\ntrym51 imbu$ ) ! _s ( a ,wilson1 a ,levaillant1 or an ,audubon8 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,b&$ ,,swall[4 ,hirundo fasciata4 ,,hirundo fasciata4 ,:ite-b&$ ,swall[4 ---- ,family ,hirund9id4--,sub-,fam4 ,hirund9a4 ,feet sl5d]1 p]*+1 ! out] & middle toe connect$ at ! base3 bill entirely depress$4 ,nob4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,g4 ,,hirundo4--,lesson4 ,man4 #a1 #dai4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,glossy blue black3 ?ighs & b& on ! abdom5 sn[y4 ,hirundo fasciata4 ,la?4 ,ind4 ,orn4 #b1 #ege4 ,l',hirondelle a ce9ture blan*e4 ,buffon4 ,pl4 ,enl4 #gbd1 f4 #b4 ,:ite-belli$ ,swall[4 ,la?4 ,g54 ,syn4 #d4 #efg4 ---- ,?is elegant bird1 al?\gh m5tion$ by sev]al writ]s1 is ( great r>ity4 ,s seldom1 inde$1 is x se5 9 collections1 t we nev] beheld a specim5 prior to our visit to ! ,royal ,museum ( ,p>is1 :]e our draw+ 0 made4 ,buffon's description seems to h be5 transcrib$ by all succe$+ writ]s2 & ! only figure hi!rto publi%$ is t at ,plate #gbd ( ! ,plan*es ,enlum9es4 ,! habits ( ! ,swall[ tribe are kn[n to e "o4 ,l ! ,flycat*]s1 !y fe$ ^u insects captur$ on ! w+2 b ^! insects are ( s small a size1 t !y are swall[$ dur+ ! flight ( ! bird4 ,?is at once acc\nts = ,swall[s n be+ provid$ ) ^? /iff bri/les1 = conf9+ ! /ruggles ( _! prey1 :i* are s ess5tial to ! ,flycat*]s4 ,^! latt] birds frequ5tly fe$ ^u insects mu* too l>ge to be swall[$ at ! mom5t ( capture2 !y !re=e hold _! prey until !y aga9 p]*1 & swall[ x :5 at re/4 ,! figure is ! size ( life4 ,except+ ! b& on ! body1 & ! spot on ! ?ighs--bo? ( :i* are sn[y :ite--! :ole plumage is ( a deep black1 ri*ly gloss$ ) d>k blue4 ,! fir/ quill is longe/1 & ! tail is deeply =k$4 ,accord+ to ,buffon1 ?is bird is sometimes se5 p]*$ on float+ trees 9 ! riv]s ( ,guiana & ,cay5ne4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,anodon1 ,pl4 #a ,a4 areolatus4 ,,anodon areolatus4 ,areolat$ ,horse ,mussel4 ---- ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,see ,unio1 ,pl4 #a4 7,anodon4 ,irid9a4 ,dipsus4 ,auct47 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell transv]sely oval1 n w+$1 umbones small1 v5tricose1 n t\*+2 ) a %ort undulat$ projection ( ! h+e m>g9 9 "o valve1 & a correspond+ concavity 9 ! o!r2 bo? plac$ b5ea? ! umbones4 ---- ,! pr9cipal "* ( ,anodon1 re/s on ! abs5ce ( tee?2 ! ,a4 anat9us1 common to our riv]s & ponds1 be+ tak5 z ! type ( ! gr\p4 ,b1 z ,nature /eps progressively1 9 h] dep>ture f "o =m1 & 9 h] advance to ano!r1 s among ! ,anodons we f9d sev]al %ells1 :i* d n /rictly exhibit ! typical "*2 & ^! we %all briefly notice4 ,9 ! sket* already giv5 ( ?is gr\p1 we h plac$ ! g5us ,anodon betwe5 ,irid9a & ,alasmodon4 ,! ,irid9a nilotica ,s[1 has sc>cely any appe>ance ( cr5ations along ! h+e l9e1 b = ?is1 x consequ5tly w\ld pres5t a simple lamell> ridge1 ext5d+ ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! %ell2 su*1 9 %ort1 z is se5 9 ,dipsus plicatus 7,lea*71 ^: too? may be s describ$4 ,by ?is %ell we are l$ to ,a4 rub5s ,lam4 :]e a lamell> plate1 ?\gh mu* %ort]1 is plac$ b5ea? ! umbones4 ,irid9a ,cailli&i p]fectly resembles ,a4 rub5s1 except 9 be+ )\t any ve/ige ( ?is plate4 ,we h n[ ent]$ among ! typical species1 :]e e =m occurs betwe5 a r\nd & an ensi=m %ape4 ,leav+ ^!1 ,nature proce$s to fa%ion an indi/9ct developem5t ( ,alasmodon 9 ! species be=e u1 :]e t "p ( ! h+e plate1 imm$iately b5ea? ! umbones1 is some:at rais$1 & undulat$4 ,9 ,a4 rugosus ^! compress$ undulations assume m ! =m ( tub]cles2 & f9ally1 9 ! ,alasmodon m>g9atus ( ,say1 ! tee? are suffici5tly develop$ to place t %ell 9 a di/9ct gr\p4 ,our e/eem$ & accompli%$ fri5d1 ,mrs4 ,corrie ( ,birm+ham1 fav\r$ u ) two examples ( :at appe>s to be a v>iety ( t :i* we h figur$4 ,! sub/ance ( bo? is opake2 ! inside :ite1 t+$ ) buff1 & ) sc>cely any pe>ly lu/re4 ,inhabits ,nor? ,am]ica1 b we "k n any precise locality4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,mitra4 ,pl4 #b4 #a4 /rigata4 #b4 bicolor4 #c4 c>9ata4 ,,mitra /rigata4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell v smoo?1 *e/nut ) pal] longitud9al /ripes1 :i* are :ite at _! comm5cem5t2 ap]ture :ite1 %ort] ?an ! spire2 pill> #d-plait$4 ,mitra /rigata4 ,sw4 9 ,br&'s ,j\rn41 ,no4 #cc1 p4 #cg1 ,ap4 #ahbd4 ---- ,! ,con*ologi/ w f9d a full description ( ! ?ree ,mitras "h figur$ 9 ! ,j\rnal above m5tion$4 ,!y are all ( s+ul> r>ity1 m p>ticul>ly /rigata & c>9ata1 z ( ^! we h nev] se5 second specim5s4 ,m4 /rigata belongs to t gr\p :i* conta9s ,m4 melaniana1 scutulata1 c4 ,its c\ntry is unkn[n4 ---- ,,mitra bicolor4 ---- ,%ell smoo?1 poli%$1 fusi=m1 :ite1 ) a br[n c5tral b&2 upp] "p ( ! body :orl & spire ) cancellat$ punctur$ /ri3 base ) simple /ri4 ---- ,?is pretty %ell seldom exce$s ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 l5g?2 our figure is consequ5tly enl>g$3 ! pill> has f\r plaits4 ,?is1 9 conjunction ) ,m4 ca/a1 oliv>ia1 dactylus 7,lam471 & oliv=mis 7,sw471 con/itute a p>ticul> gr\p1 alli$ to ,conoehelix1 hav+ ! plaits ext5d+ f> beyond ! ap]ture4 ,inhabits ! ,s\? ,seas4 ,9 ! ,man*e/] ,museum1 & 9 our own4 ---- ,,mitra c>9ata4 ,%ell sl5d]1 fusi=m1 br[n2 :orls ) a s+le c>9at$ ridge1 & /riat$ transv]sely ne> ! suture2 pill> #d-plait$4 ---- ,! habit ( ?is ,mitra w place x ) ! fusi=m species2 f all ( :i*1 h[ev]1 x diff]s 9 n hav+ ext]ior plaits1 nodules1 or impress$ sculpture4 ,! ap]ture is smoo? )91 & :ite4 ,we h only se5 "o specim51 receiv$ by ,mrs4 ,mawe1 f ,si]ra ,leone1 & ?is 0 cov]$ ) a br[n epid]mis4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,tell9a4 ,p4,i4 ,t4 latiro/ra4 ,,tell9a latiro/ra4 ,wide-beak$ ,tell54 ---- ,ord] ,acephala4--,tribe ,dimi>ia 7,nob474 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,lam4 ,sys4 #e1 #eai4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell oblong2 ant]ior side n>r[$ & angulat$2 bo? valves glossy1 smoo?1 equally convex1 & m>k$ by v delicate radiat+ /ri4 ,t4 te/ oblong1 purpurasc5te1 subradiat1 ant]is s9uato-angulat1 ro/ri m>g9e infimo asc5d5te4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #e1 p4 #ebc4 ---- ,!re are few gr\ps 9 ,con*ology1 m p>ticul>ly among ! bivalve %ells1 possess+ s great a union ( delicacy & beauty z ! ,tell92 & p]haps !re is none 9 :i* ! species1 f _! g5]al simil>ity ( %ape1 & v>iability ( col\r+1 are s little und]/ood4 ,= ^! reasons1 we int5d to illu/rate ?is elegant g5us v fully4 ,! ,tell9 appe> to hold a /ation ) ! mo/ typical gr\ps ( ! ,bivalve ,mollusca2 or ^? 9 :i* ! animal c freely remove1 f place to place1 by ! foot4 ,9 all su* ! %ells are solid1 regul>1 & n atta*$ to o!r sub/ances4 ,we select ! ,tell9a latiro/ra ( ,lam>ck = our fir/ subject4 ,z a species x has n be5 figur$2 :ile ! orig9al description1 :i* we h transcrib$1 is s slight1 t "s unc]ta9ty exi/s z to ! precise species int5d$ by ! writ]4 ,t to :i* we "h apply ! "n1 is c]ta9ly v l1 z ,lam>ck obs]ves1 to ,t4 ro/rata2 al?\gh 8 description1 9 o!r respects1 is applicable to o!r species n[ be=e u4 ,our ,tell9a latiro/ra is n common1 al?\gh we once receiv$ a consid]able numb] f ,amboyna4 ,its surface is v smoo?1 b ! delicate /ri1 :i* c sc>cely be se5 by ! nak$ eye1 become p]fectly cle> "u a common l5s4 ,! ,man*e/] ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,society is 9 possession ( a lovely s]ies1 exhibit+ ! foll[+ v>iations ( col\r3 #a1 pure :ite2 #b1 rose-col\r$ r\nd ! umbones1 pal] beyond2 #c1 entirely rose col\r2 #d1 blu% :ite1 ) a rosy %ade on ea* side ! umbones2 #e1 pale orange2 #f1 buff yell[1 resembl+ ,t4 depressa4 ,9 all ^! ! po9ts ( ! umbones are inv>iably :ite4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,blue-w+$ ,p>rakeet4 ,,nanodes v5u/us4 ,blue-front$ ,p>rakeet4 ---- ,family ,psittacid4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,bill entire2 ! l[] m&ible %ort1 deep1 ?ick1 & r\nd$2 no/rils v l>ge1 fle%y1 nak$2 w+s po9t$2 t>si1 toes1 & claws v sl5d]--! =m] manife/ly long] ?an ! h9d toe2 tail cuneat$2 ! fea!rs n>r[ & lanceolate4 ,nob4 ,type4--,psittacus pul*ellus4--,zool4 ,ill4 #b1 ,pl4 #gc4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,sides ( ! head yell[i%2 front ) a blue b&2 w+-cov]s & tail blue1 ! latt] tipt ) yell[2 ?roat & brea/ deep gre52 belly yell[4 ,psittacus v5u/us4 ,l9n4 ,trans4 7,temm47 xiii4 p4 #aba4 ---- *ryso/omas4 ,kuhl4 ,nov4 ,act4 p4 #ea1 ,pl4 #a4 ,nanodes v5u/us4 ,l9n4 ,trans4 7,vig4 & ,hors47 xv4 #bgd4 ---- ,! ,gr\nd ,p>rakeets ( ,au/ralia1 ( :i* ?is is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful1 =m a small b ri*ly col\r$ gr\p ( birds1 rem>kable = ! peculi> /ructure ( _! feet1 :i* leads !m to frequ5t ! gr\nd m ?an any ( _! family4 ,9 ! =m ( _! bill1 w+s1 & tail1 !y exhibit a close resemblance1 9 m9iature1 to ! ,maccaws ( ! ,new ,_w1 & may ju/ly be suppos$ to repres5t ^? birds 9 ! ,s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,we receiv$ two specim5s ( ! ,blue-front$ ,p>rakeet1 "s ye>s ago1 f ,van ,dieman's ,l&2 yet ev5 !re x is consid]$ sc>ce2 nor did we obs]ve x 9 any ( ! collections 9 ,p>is4 ,ass5t+1 9 a great measure1 to ^? g5]al pr9ciples ( arrangem5t :i* sev]al em95t ,orni?ologi/s h propos$ reg>d+ ?is family1 we nev]!less consid] t ! succession ( aff9ities1 & ev5 ! nature ( ! lead+ gr\ps1 are n yet correctly und]/ood4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 we w\ld r h se5 ,nanodes plac$ z a sub-g5us to ,pezoporus2 f :i* x m]ely diff]s 9 ! comp>ative %ortness ( ! feet4 ,! connexion betwe5 ! two =ms1 moreov]1 is s close z n1 9 our judgm5t1 to admit ! int]v5tion ( ,platyc]cus1 or any o!r gr\p yet discov]$4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,yell[ %\ld]$ ,oriole4 ,i4 ,cayan5sis4 ,,ict]us ,cayan5sis4 ,cay5ne ,hangne/4 ---- ,fam4 ,/urnid4--,sub-,fam4 ,ict]9a 7,nobis74 ,bill l5g!n$1 conic1 acute1 entire1 ! commissure n s9uat$4 ,t>si %ort1 adapt$ = p]*+2 claws /rong1 fully curv$4 ---- ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,bill black2 bo? m&ibles slightly b5t2 no/rils furni%$ ) a membrane2 tail l5g!n$1 graduat$2 w+s slightly r\nd$4 ,nob4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,black1 n glossy2 less] w+-cov]s above yell[1 b5ea? black m>g9$ by yell[2 legs blui%4 ,oriolus ,cayan5sis4 ,l94 #a4 p4 #afc4 ,xan?ornus ,cayan5sis4 ,brisson4 ,orn4 #b4 p4 #abc4 pl4 #i4 f4 #b4 ,c>\ge de ,/4 ,?omas4 ,pl4 ,enl4 #ece4 f4 #b4 ,yell[-w+$ ,pye4 ,edw>ds1 pl4 #cbb8 ,9 ,mus4 ,no/4 ---- ,! ,/>l+s ( ! old cont95t1 are repres5t$ 9 ,am]ica by a tribe ( birds =m]ly d5om9at$ ,orioles1 b :i* we %all di/+ui% by ! "n ( ,hangne/s4 ,!y are greg>i\s & noisy2 liv+ bo? ^u insects1 fruits1 & gra94 ,_! ne/s are purse-%ap$1 wov5 ) great dext]ity1 & g5]ally susp5d$ f ! extreme bran*es ( l(ty trees4 ,mu* has be5 done to illu/rate ! aff9ities ( ^! birds1 & to def9e ! species2 b bo? are imp]fectly kn[n4 ,reg>d+ _! natural arrangem5t1 our own views are q at v>iance ) ! +5i\s !ory ( ,mr4 ,vigors2 & z to ! species1 ! bird be=e u is a curi\s example ( error4 ,! true ,o4 cayan5sis1 9 ! be/ mod]n sy/ems1 has be5 lo/ sight (2 &1 "u ! new "n ( *rysopt]us 7,vieil4 ,wagl]471 has be5 conf\nd$ ) ?ree o!rs1 "o ( :i* is a ,xan?ornus1 "o an ,ict]us1 & "o an ,agelaius6 ,! only au!ntic synonyms1 :i* c !re=e be consult$ = our bird1 are ^? we h quot$4 ,cassicus1 ,cassiculus1 ,xan?ornus1 & ,ict]us are ! only publi%$ g5]a :i* w come )9 our def9ition ( ! ,ict]94 ,total l5g?1 #i 942 bill1 #a2 w+s1 #d2 tail1 #d-a_/aj2 t>si1 #h_/aj4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,long leg'd ,ant ,?ru% 7,m4 grallatoria47 ,,drymophila longipes4 ,long-legg$ ,ant ,?ru%4 ---- ,family ,m]ulad4 ,sub-family ,myo!r9a4 ,legs long1 adapt$ = walk+2 w+s & tail %ort1 ! latt] weak1 r\nd$ or ev51 b nev] =k$ or div>icat$2 claws b slightly curv$4 ,nob4 ---- ,,g5us ,,drymophila4--,lesson4 ,man4 #a4 p4 #aif4 ,d4 longipes4 ,above ruf\s2 sides ( ! head c9]e\s2 ?roat & brea/ black2 body b5ea? :ite2 t>si long1 pale4 ,sw4 9 ,zool4 ,j\rn4 #b4 p4 #aeb4 ,g54 ,zool4 #ac4 #b4 #agi4 ,lesson4 ,man4 #a4 p4 #aif4 ,9 ,mus4 ,no/4 ---- ,! ,ant ,?ru%es1 z orig9ally def9$ by u1 con/itute a natural gr\p ( ,birds peculi> to1 & v abundant 91 ! tropical regions ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,!y are f\nd only 9 ! deep %ades ( =e/s1 seek+ _! n\ri%m5t on ! gr\nd1 f ants & o!r t]re/rial insects4 ,beyond su* retreats !y nev] v5ture1 & ?us _! natural love = seclusion has prev5t$ u f kn[+ m ( _! economy4 ,! species are num]\s3 our own cab9et conta9s fifte53 b ne>ly d\ble t numb] are among ! ri* & surpass+ treasures ( ! ,royal ,museum at ,p>is4 ,( t "h figur$1 we h nev] se5 a second specim54 ,9 ! =m ( ! bill1 & ! elongat$ lax plumage ( ! back1 ,drymophila be>s a close resemblance to ! small] species ( ,bu% ,%rikes 7,?amnophilus71 b ! con/ruction ( ! feet--adapt$ 9 "o = p]*+1 & 9 ! o!r = walk+--w suffici5tly di/+ui% ^! gr\ps4 ,! specific "n ( grall>ia1 engrav$ on ! plate1 0 inadv]t5tly *ang$ = t ( longipes 9 ! publi%$ acc\nt4 ,! figure repres5ts ! natural size4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,l+ula anat9a4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,l+ula hians4 ,,l+ula anat9a4 ---- ,class ,mollusca4--,ord] ,bra*iopoda 7,macleay74 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,lam4 ,sys4 #fa1 #beg4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,valves ( equal bread?1 mu* depress$1 & longitud9ally sulcat$2 ! basal extremities approximat+4 ,l+ula anat9a4 ,cuv4 ,bullet91 ,no4 #eb994 ,ann4 du ,mus4 v4 #a1 p4 #fi994 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #fa1 #beh4 ,l+ula anat9a4 ,sw4 9 ,phil4 ,mag4 #fb1 p4 #djc1 ,dec4 #ahbc4 ,icones4 ,ency4 ,me?4 ,pl4 #bej1 f4 #a1 a1 b1 c4 ,*emn4 ,pl4 #agb1 #afge1 #afgg4 ,seba4 #c tab4 #af1 f4 #d994 ---- ,! nature ( ! animal inhabit+ ! %ell ( ,l+ula rema9$ unkn[n1 until ! illu/ri\s ,cuvi] detect$ its aff9ity ) ,t]ebratula1 ,crania1 & ^? s+ul> bivalve %ells =m+ ! ord] ,bra*iopoda ( ,mr4 ,macleay4 ,! valves h nei!r tee? or ligam5t1 b are unit$ by muscles1 & support$ on a fle%y p$uncle1 ?ree or f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 by :i* ! animal is atta*$ to m>9e bodies4 ,we believe t "u ! common "n ( ,anat9a1 two species h be5 includ$4 ,_! respective peculi>ities 7 publi%$1 "s "t ago1 9 ! ,j\rnal above allud$ to2 & are n[ m fully illu/rat$ by figures1 & by su* specific di/9ctions z are exhibit$ by ! %ells4 ,bo? species appe> to inhabit ! ,indian ,ocean4 ---- ,,l+ula hians4 ,valves n>r[$ t[>ds _! base1 convex1 & g5]ally smoo?2 bo? extremities widely gap+4 ---- ,we d n recollect to h se5 ?is species s frequ5t 9 collections z ! prec$+2 x is always small]1 m convex 9 ! middle1 & g5]ally smoo?4 ,mrs4 ,mawe fav\r$ u ) f9e specim5s ( bo?1 = del9eation4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,p5nantian ,p>rakeet4 ,,platyc]cus scapul>is4 ,tabuan1 or ,k+ ,p>rakeet4 ---- ,family ,psittacid4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,lesson4 ,man4 #b1 #adf4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,gre52 head1 neck1 & body b5ea? sc>let2 l[] "p ( ! back blue2 scapul> cov]s ) a pea gre5 /ripe2 tail black4 ,tabuan ,p>rot4 ,:ite's ,voyage1 pl4 9 p4 #afh 7male74 ,gr&e ,p]ru*e colli] et cr\pion bleus4 ,le ,vail4 ,p>4 pl4 #ee4 ,platyc]cus scapul>is4 ,vig4 & ,hors4 ,l9n4 ,trans4 #ae1 #a1 #bhd4 ---- ,greatly alli$ to ! ,gr\nd ,p>rakeets ( ,au/ralia1 b diff]+ f !m 9 _m p>ticul>s1 are ! ,broad-tail$ ,p>rakeets ( ! same region1 =m+ ! mod]n gr\p ,platyc]cus4 ,! =m] appe> to repres5t ! ,maccaws2 :ile ! latt] exhibit _m /rong po9ts ( analogy to ! ,lories2 b we "q if _! resemblance ext5ds fur!r4 ,we h _h "o ( ^! beautiful ,p>rakeets 9 our possession1 alive1 = _m ye>s4 ,its mann]s are g5tle & timid4 ,l _m ( its cong5]s1 x delights to wa% itself 9 a bas9 ( wat]4 ,9 ! day1 & dur+ w9t]1 x is g5]ally sil5t2 b on a mild ev5+ x w g on1 = two or ?ree h\rs1 ) a some:at :i/l+ note2 sometimes %rill1 b g5]ally s(t & pleas+4 ,its ord9>y diet is moi/5$ bread1 ) a little hemp & can>y se$2 b dur+ summ] & autumn ! small g>d5 fruits appe> to be highly welcome to our elegant little fav\rite4 ,our figure repres5ts a v>iety ( ! male bird1 :]e9 ! light gre5 on ! scapul> fea!rs is want+4 ,! total l5g? is ab\t sixte5 in*es4 ,we consid] ! prim>y divisions ( ! ,psittacid1 are ^? :i* h long be5 recogniz$ "u ! famili> names ( ,maccaws1 ,cockatoos1 ,p>rots1 ,lories1 & ,p>rakeets4 ,su* a s]ies is ! result ( a syn!tical inve/igation we h giv5 to ! subject2 b ?is mode ( inquiry is s deceptive1 & has l$ to s _m errone\s conclusions1 t until ea* ( ^! gr\ps are submitt$ to a pati5t analysis1 :i* has nev] yet be5 done1 no correct op9ion on ! subject c be =m$4 ,! "n on ! ,plate 7engrav$ five ye>s ago7 is a mi/ake4 ,! fir/ description & figure ( ?is bird is 9 ,:ite's ,voyage to ,new ,s\? ,wales1 :]e x is describ$ z n uncommon4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,:ite %\ld]'d ,ant ,?ru% 7,m4 ,bic9cta47 ,,drymophila trifasciata4 ,:ite-%\ld]$ ,ant ,?ru%4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,g5]al plumage black2 ) ! %\ld] cov]s1 int]scapul>s1 & two b&s on ! w+ cov]s1 sn[y4 ,d4 trifasciata4 ,swa9s4 9 ,zool4 ,j\rn4 #b1 p4 #aeb4 ,g54 ,zool4 #ac1 #b1 #agi4 ,lesson4 ,manuel4 #a1 p4 #aif4 ,9 ,mus4 ,p>is4 ,no/ro4 ---- ,we f\nd ?is rem>kable bird n uncommon 9 ! ?ick ,=e/s ( ,pitanga1 ne> ,bahia1 dur+ our travels 9 ,brazil 9 ! ye>s #ahae-g4 ,yet al?\gh ! male birds 7 frequ5t1 we 7 nev] =tunate en\gh to procure a female4 ,x has likewise be5 f\nd 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces ( t empire1 by ,dr4 ,langsdorff4 ,its total l5g? is ab\t sev5 in*es2 ! :ole plumage1 ) ! exception ( ! sn[y b&s on ! w+s1 is int5sely black3 ! :ite spot on ! back is only se5 :5 ! fea!rs are rais$3 ! irides1 9 ! live bird1 are ( a beautiful crimson4 ,my fri5d ,m4 ,lesson1 conjectures truly 9 ?9k+1 t ! birds plac$ by ,m4 ,temm9ck 9 our g5us ,drymophila1 h no connexion or analogy ) ^? species we h describ$1 or ) ! *>act]s on :i* we orig9ally f\nd$ ! gr\p3 !y belong1 9 %ort1 to a diff]5t family4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,r$ head$ ,tanag]4 ,t4 ,gyrola4 ,,agla,a ,gyrola4 ,r$-head$ ,tanag]4 ---- ,family ,fr+illid8--,g4 ,tanagra4 ,auct4 ,aglaa4 ,lesson4 ,man4 #b1 #dbc4 ,bill small1 %ort1 compress$2 no/rils conceal$ by velvet-l fea!rs4 ,w+s r l5g!n$1 po9t$2 #b1 #c & #d quills equal & longe/4 ,tail ev54 ,type4--,tanagra ,tatao4--,l94 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,vivid gre51 sometimes v>i$ on ! brea/ ) blue3 ! :ole head bright ruf\s1 bord]$ r\nd ! neck ) a n>r[ gold5 r+4 ,tanagra ,gyrola4 ,l94 #a1 #cae4 ,la?4 ,94 ,orn4 #a1 #dbg4 ---- ,desm>e/ ,tan4 pl4 #ae4 ,vieil4 ,orn4 #b1 p4 #ggh4 ,le ,r\v]d94 ,buff4 ,son4 #ab1 p4 #cda4 ,pl4 ,enl4 #acc1 f4 #b4 ,edw4 pl4 #bc4 ,r$-head$ ,tanag]4 ,la?4 ,syn4 #c1 #bcc4 ,g54 ,hi/4 #f1 #af4 ---- ,! spl5did little birds arrang$ "u ?is gr\p belong exclusively to ,tropical ,am]ica4 ,!y are g5]ally se5 9 pairs1 frequ5t+ op5 woody tracts2 fe$ pr9cipally ^u fruits1 & seldom if ev] p]* ^u ! gr\nd3 ,9 ! v>iety1 & ri*ness ( _! col\rs1 !y are only surpass$ by ! ,humm+ ,birds4 ,! ,r$-head$ ,tanag] has nev]1 we believe1 be5 f\nd 9 ,brazil2 al?\gh x occurs 9 ,cay5ne1 ,sur9am1 & "s ( ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s4 ,buffon 0 its fir/ describ]2 he in=ms u t 9 ,fr5* ,guyana x appe>s 9 small flocks1 two or ?ree times 9 a ye>2 arriv+ :5 ! fruit ( a p>ticul> tree is ripe1 & dep>t+ :5 x beg9s to fail4 ,"s specim5s are m brilliant ?an o!rs1 orig9at+ probably f age or locality3 ^? f ,cay5ne are kn[n by a delicate blue t+e on ! brea/4 ,a fur!r v>iety has be5 describ$ 7,ency4 ,me?471 9 :i* ! upp] "p ( ! neck is also r$1 & ! back m>k$ by a l>ge spot ( dull ruf\s 7brun-m>ron74 ,we suspect ?is w prove a di/9ct species4 ,! rank ( ?is gr\p1 :e!r z g5]ic or subg5]ic1 c only be det]m9$ by analyz+ ! :ole family4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,melania ,pl4 #a4 #a1 setosa4 #b1 am>ula4 ,,melania am>ula4 ---- ,ord] ,phytophaga4 7,ga/]opoda1 ,cuv4 ,p>s47 ,mollusc de/itute ( a syphon1 b furni%$ ) jaws1 & g5]ally enclos$ 9 a univale %ell1 ) an entire ap]ture4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,see ,lam4 ,sys4 #f1 #b1 p4 #afc4--;,dubois ,trans4 #aic4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell ovate-conical1 blacki%1 upp] "p ( ! :orls arm$ ) solid porrect sp9es2 ap]ture blui% :ite4 ,m4 am>ula4 ,lam4 ,sys4 #f1 #b1 p4 #aff4 ,*emn4 pl4 #acd1 f4 #abah-i4 ,ency4 pl4 #dfh1 f4 #f4 ---- ,?is is a g5us ( fre% wat] %ells1 p>ticul>ly abundant 9 ,africa1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica2 we h also he>d x has lately be5 detect$ 9 ,europe4 ,we %\ld n h figur$ ?is common & well kn[n %ell1 b = ! purpose ( comp>+ x ) ! next4 ,:5 9 a "y /ate1 ! sp9es are v acute3 m advanc$ !y become less s2 & 9 old individuals !y are (t5 v obtuse4 ---- ,,melania setosa4 ,%ell ovate-conical1 br[ni% olive2 :orls arm$ ) porrect tubul> sp9es1 enclos+ setace\s bri/les4 ,melania setosa4 ,sw4 9 ,br&'s ,j\rnal1 ,no4 #cc1 p4 #ac4 ,?is is a mo/ s+ul> species4 ,f ! tubul> sp9es em]ge two or ?ree hornlike1 ela/ic bri/les1 :i* appe> emb$d$ 9 ! sub/ance ( ! %ell4 ,a v ample acc\nt ( ! fir/ specim5 we ev] met )1 w be f\nd 9 ,br&'s ,j\rnal = ,april1 #ahbd4 ,x 0 discov]$ 9 ! ,isle ( ,france1 by ,mr4 ,w>wick1 :]e x appe>s to be v r>e4 ,o!r specim5s h s9ce be5 br\ght to ?is c\ntry4 ,we 7 unwill+ly drawn into a controv]sy respect+ ?is %ell "s ye>s ago4 ,our s5tim5ts1 9 e ?+ t reg>ds ! %ell itself1 are un*ang$4 ,n s ) respect to ! individual4 ,! civilities & att5tions we h s9ce receiv$ f ,mr4 ,gray1 leave u to regret1 v s9c]ely1 t su* a discussion %\ld h ev] tak5 place4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,mitra4 ,pl4 #c4 #a1 adu/a4 #b1 ambigua4 #c1 punctata4 ,,mitra fulva4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell ovate-acute1 smoo?1 fulv\s1 unspott$1 m>k$ ) transv]se sulcat$ /ri1 conta9+ punctur$ dots3 body :orl contract$2 suture cr5at$3 base obtuse3 out] lip ?ickly & /rongly cr5at$2 ! cr5ations1 & ! plaits on ! pill>1 :ite4 ---- ,! diff]5t nom5clature ( ,lam>k & ,dillwyn1 induc$ u to suspect t our pres5t species might /ill be reta9$ "u ! "n ( adu/a2 b z a great] degree ( confusion may p]haps arise 9 s do+1 ?an t :i* we wi%$ to avoid1 we h n[ giv5 x a di/9ct "n1 & def9$ its true *>act]s4 ,x is sometimes p>tially dott$ ) pure :ite4 ,! ,m4 adu/a ( ,lam>k is1 9 %ort1 ! same z ! ruff9a ( ,l9nu3 or at lea/ t species :i* ,dr4 ,sol&] & ,mr4 ,dillwyn conceive to be su*4 ,our %ell is f ! ,isle ( ,france1 & is n common3 ! cr5at$ tee? on ! lip are v /rong2 ! base obtuse1 & effuse3 ! spire & ap]ture ( equal l5g?4 ---- ,,mitra ambigua4 ,%ell ovate-fuci=m1 ruf\s1 ) a :ite b& ne> ! suture1 transv]sely /riat$ & punctur$1 suture & out] lip cr5at$1 base contract$2 spire %ort] ?an ! ap]ture4 ,less di/9ctly /riat$ & punctur$ ?an ! la/2 b diff]s consid]ably 9 be+ almo/ a fuci=m %ell3 ! base ( ! ap]ture is consequ5tly contract$4 ,we possess b "o specim51 & "k n its locality4 ---- ,,mitra punctata4 ,%ell ovate1 br[n1 /riat$ & punctur$3 spire v small1 some:at conic3 out] lip cr5at$3 pill> six-plait$4 ,a beautifully p]fect %ell ( ?is new & v r>e species1 we procur$ f our fri5d ,mrs4 ,mawe2 we h nev] se5 ano!r3 ! inside ( ! lip is m>g9$ ) deep br[n4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,gold5 back'd ,tanag]1 male4 ,t4 ,flava4 ,,agla,a flava4 ,yell[ ,tanag]4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,above glossy fulv\s yell[2 sides ( ! head1 & middle ( ! ?roat1 brea/1 & body1 deep black2 w+s & tail gre54 ,tanagra flava4 ,la?4 ,94 ,orn4 #a1 #dca4 ,tanagra ,brazili5sis flava4 ,briss4 ,orn4 #c1 #ci1 #bb4 ,le guira-p]ea4 ,buff4 ,son4 #ab1 p4 #cfb4 ,yell[ ,tanag]4 ,la?4 ,syn4 #c1 #bdd4 ,g54 ,hi/4 #d1 #bb4 ,tanagra *loropt]a4 ,vieil4 ,orn4 #b4 ---- ,! buff-col\r$ yell[ :i* spreads ov] ! upp] plumage ( ?is bird1 9 "s lights becomes mu* ri*]1 & delicately gild$4 ,! w+s appe> to be sea-gre51 b ?is col\r only m>g9s ! bord]s ( ! fea!rs1 ! inn] p>ts ( :i* are blacki%3 ! tail is col\r$ 9 ! same way1 ! fea!rs div>icat+ f ! middle1 :i* is slightly =k$4 ,! black 9 front t]m9ates at ! v5t2 :i*1 ) ! sides ( ! body1 are wax5 yell[4 ,9 ! ,orni?ology ( ,m4 ,vieillot1 we f9d no m5tion ( ?is well kn[n bird by its long e/abli%$ "n3 b ! ,t4 *loropt]a ( ?is writ]1 describ$ z a new species1 is evid5tly no o!r ?an ! flava ( ant]ior au?ors4 ,our figure is ( ! natural size4 ,! female is d>k blui% gre5 above1 & buff b5ea?1 mu* pal] on ! ?roat & brea/3 ! *9 & sides ( ! head blacki%2 & ! cr[n buff-col\r$ yell[4 ,we f\nd ?is species n uncommon 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,brazil1 p>ticul>ly r\nd ,p]nambucco2 frequ5t+ ! g>d5s1 & fe$+ on ! small]-siz$ fruits4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,papilio ,niamus ,,papilio ,niamus4 ---- ,ord] ,lepidopt]a4 ,g4 ,papilio4 7,auct47 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,w+s pale1 ) longitud9al b&s3 po/]ior l5g!n$1 caudat$2 ! tails long & acute4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,w+s yell[i% :ite ) black b&s2 po/]ior w+s acutely tail$1 ) a black l9e & :iti% lunule at ! anal angle1 & m>k$ b5ea? ) a macul> r$ b& m>g9$ ) black4 ,pap4 ,niamus4 ,alis flavo-albidis1 fasciis nigris2 po/icis caudatis1 apice nigro lunulis albidis3 8 subts /rig macul>i rubr4 ,latrielle et ,god>t4 ,ency4 ,me?4 #i1 p4 #ea4 ---- ,to describe 9 detail ^? col\rs & m>k+s ( an insect1 :i* ! eye c embrace at a s+le glance on a well execut$ repres5tation1 is surely unnecess>y4 ,we %all !re=e m]ely obs]ve t ?is species has hi!rto rema9$ unfigur$3 t x is a native ( ,s\!rn ,brazil1 & ( su* r>ity1 t 9 two ye>s1 we nev] met ) m ?an "o specim54 ,9 "s obs]vations ^u :at appe> to u ! lead+ gr\ps ( ! ,diurnal ,lepidopt]a1 publi%$ "s "t ago1 we consid]$ ^? gr\ps :]e9 ! ant]ior feet are p]fectly develop$1 & ! *rysalis brac$ by a transv]se ?read1 z ! mo/ p]fect & typical4 ,subsequ5t obs]vations confirm u 9 ?is g5]al view2 b x /ill rema9s to be inve/igat$1 to :i* gr\p ! g5]ic "n ( ,papilio %\ld be reta9$4 ,! wide disp]sion ( t =m repres5t$ 9 ! two ,european species ,podalirius & ,ma*aon1 & :i* =m occurs 9 all ! temp]ate & tropical regions ( ! globe1 leads u to suspect x z ! mo/ typical gr\p3 to ?is1 ,papilio ,niamus1 f its v close aff9ity to ,podalirius1 unque/ionably belongs4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,rhetus ,cram]ii ,,rhetus ,cram]ii4 ---- ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,l>va & ,pupa unkn[n4 ,w+s triangul>2 ! po/]ior l5g!n$ & r acutely tail$4 ,ant5n ) ! club l9e>-fuci=m4 ,palpi cyl9drical1 elongate1 porrect1 incurv$1 remote1 nak$2 ! second jo9t rem>kably long4 ,ant]ior feet 9 ! male %ort & v hairy2 9 ! female long]1 nak$1 & furni%$ ) m9ute claws4 ,w+s1 :5 at re/1 horizontal4 ,types4--,pap4 ,rhetus4 ,p]i&]4--7,cram]47 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,w+s black1 ) two :ite subhyal9e b&s1 bo? sides alike2 po/]ior w+s elongat$1 vivid blue1 acutely tail$1 ) a transv]se sub-lunul> b& at ! anal angle4 ,papilio ,rhetus4 ,cram]4 pl4 #fc1 f4 c4 ---- ,?is is "o ( ! r>e/ & mo/ spl5did lepidopt]\s insects ( ,brazil4 ,we 7 once =tunate 9 captur+ six specim5s1 flutt]+ ov] a %rub 9 ! e>ly morn+ sun1 dur+ our encampm5t 9 ! ,=e/ ( ,urupe1 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,bahia3 b we nev] aga9 met ) ?is *>m+ creature4 ,! p]fect insect has be5 figur$ 9 ! co/ly1 b truly valuable1 "w ( ,cram]2 yet z nei!r ! l>va or pupa are kn[n1 we _c det]m9e on its natural gr\p4 ,its relations1 z sugge/$ by ! p]fect insect1 appe> to be ^!4 ,we consid] ! analogy betwe5 ! gr\ps respectively conta9+ ,p4 ,podalirius1 & ,m>ius 7,cr471 to be imm$iate & direct3 ! =m ( ! la/ type1 & mu* ( its g5]al /ructure1 is se5 9 our insect2 b ! details w n admit ( a fur!r similitude4 ,among ! ,eric9 we aga9 detect ?is =m 9 ,p4 ,cor9eus & ,dorylus 7,cr471 & cont9u+ ! comp>ison1 we see ! ant5n1 palpi1 & feet 79 "o sex7 ( ,rhetus1 accurately repres5t$ 9 ^? ( ,p4 imp]ialis 7,cr471 among ! ,!clad4 ,we !re=e suspect1 t ! real aff9ities ( our insect lie betwe5 ! two la/ gr\ps3 ,x seems moreov] to h a /rong analogy ) ,leilus4 ,! upp] figure is ( ! male1 ! "u ( ! female4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,ro/ell>ia4 ,p4 #a ,r4 curviro/ris4 ,,ro/ell>ia curviro/ris4 ,%ort-beak$ ,sp9dle4 ---- ,class ,mollusca4 ,ord] ,zoophaga4--7,ga/]opoda1 ,cuv4 ,p>s47 ,c>nivor\s ,mollusca )\t jaws2 ! m\? =m$ into a retractile trunk3 convey+ nutrim5t by suction4 ,respiration aquatic3 ! wat] be+ conduct$ to ! bran*i by a project+ siphon4 ,family18 ,/rombid4 7,les ,ailes4 ,lam47 ---- ,,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,,g5]a4 ,div4 #a4 ,out] lip ) a s9us2 di/9ct f ! basal canal4 ,,/rombus4 ,l4 ,out] lip dilat$1 entire1 basal canal %ort4 ,/romb4 gigas1 auris-,diana1 trid5tatus1 urceus1 c4 ,,pt]oc]as4 ,lam4 ,out] lip digitat$2 canal l5g!n$1 arcuat$4 ,div4 #b4 ,s9us simple2 =m$ by ! prolongation ( ! canal4 ,,aporrhais4 ,daco/a4 ,out] lip dilat$ & digitat$4 ,/rombus pes-pelecani4 ,auct4 ,,ro/ell>ia4 ,lam4 ,out] lip d5tat$1 b n dilat$4 ,basal canal long4 ,,hippo*r5es4 ,montf4 ,out] lip g5]ally dilat$1 & always entire4 ,basal canal mod]ate or %ort4 ,spiral canal ne>ly equal to ! spire4 ,ro/3 macropt]a1 columbata1 fissurella1 ,lam4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,basal canal %ort3 spiral canal ?ick5$1 & p]p5dicul>ly asc5d+ on ! spire4 ,/rombus fusus4 ,l9n4 ,gm4 #cejf4 ,li/]1 #hed1 #ab4 ,seba1 #c1 #ef1 #a4 ,ro/ell>ia curviro/ris4 ,lam4 ,sys4 #g1 #a1 #aib4 ,ency4 ,me?4 pl4 #daa1 f4 #a4 ---- ,?is elegantly =m$ %ell is a native ( ! ,r$ & ,indian ,seas4 ,x is ! mo/ common ( ! few species reta9$ 9 ! g5us ,ro/ell>ia2 all ^! are rec5t2 :ile ,hippo*r5es has occur$ only 9 a fossil /ate4 ,! prec$+ table ( aff9ities1 connect+ ! lead+ =ms among ! ,/rombii1 w be adv]t$ to h]eaft]4 ,at pres5t we %all (f] a few obs]vations on ! nature ( t m compreh5sive division ( ! class ,mollusca1 to :i* ?is p>ticul> gr\p appe>s to belong4 ,! le>n$ ,au?or ( ! ,hor ,entomologic1 9 t "p ( 8 valuable essay relat+ to ! ,mollusc1 consid]s our k ( ^! animals too imp]fect to enable him to /ate ! nature ( ! typical gr\ps3 ! situations ( :i*1 9 8 diagram ( ! animal k+dom1 are !re=e m]ely indicat$ by />s4 ,m4 ,macleay fur!r rem>ks1 t ! ,ga/]opoda ( ,m4 ,cuvi]1 ) c]ta9 re/rictions1 evid5tly =m a circul> gr\p4 ,yet1 f ! above omission1 x appe>s he /ill ent]ta9$ "s d\bts on ! propriety ( ?is arrangem5t4 ,lab\r+ "u simil> disadvantages to ^? :i* imp$$ ! rese>*es ( s pr(\nd an obs]v]1 we feel "s hesitation 9 express+ a diff]5t s5tim5t on ! subject1 p>ticul>ly 9 ref]5ce to 8 own disposition ( aff9ities4 ,x is evid5t t ^! typical gr\ps1 :atev] may be _! nature1 mu/ pres5t "s v /rong po9ts ( analogy to ^? 9 ! circle ( ,v]tebrata3 & t su* analogies %\ld ext5d to ! correspond+ gr\ps ( ! ,annulosa4 ,?is we %\ld expect1 n only z ! necess>y result ( a truly natural arrangem5t1 b z a prim>y te/1 by :i* ! correctness ( any s]ies ( aff9ities mu/ be tri$4 ,n[ admitt+ t ,quadrup$s & ,birds %ew ! same typical p]fection among ! ,v]tebrata1 z ! ,m&ibulate & ,suctorial ,insects unque/ionably d 9 ! ,annulosa1 we h two beautiful analogies betwe5 ^! o!rwise dissimil> gr\ps1 tak5 f "o ( ! mo/ important functions ( nature4 ,quadrup$s & m&ibulate insects are provid$ ) jaws = te>+ & ma/icat+ _! prey1 :ile 9 birds & suctorial insects1 ! m\? is l5g!n$ into a proboscis1 by :i* n\ri%m5t is imbib$ by suction4 ,^! analogies are equally conspicu\s among ! ,mollusc4 ,! ,phytiphages ( ,lam>ck 7( :i* ! g>d5 snail is a good example71 are furni%$ ) jaws & ma/icate _! food3 ! ,zoophages ( ! same accurate obs]v]1 h _! m\? elongat$ into a retractile trunk or proboscis1 by :i* !y pi]ce ?r\gh o!r %ells1 & suck ! juices ( ! inhabitant4 ,to insi/ on ! importance ( ^! di/9ctions1 employ$ z !y h be5 to *>act]ize prim>y divisions1 is surely unnecess>y4 ,t !y w be subject to consid]able modification1 9 ! subord9ate gr\ps1 may naturally be expect$3 b we refra9 at pres5t f (f]+ an op9ion on ! nature ( su* gr\ps1 dep5dant1 z !y mu/ be1 on great] anatomical k ?an we yet possess4 ,nev]!less1 until m direct analogies are discov]$1 ?an ^? "h /at$1 we feel "s confid5ce 9 employ+ !m z typical di/9ctions ( ! two great divisions ( ,ga/ropod ,mollusca4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,ps>is ,j>d9ii ,j>d9e's ,s>is4 ,,ps>is ,j>d9ii4 ,j>d9e's ,s>is4 ---- ,family ,todid4--,nob4 ,sub-family ,ps>iana4--,nob4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,bill ?ick1 /rong1 m or less depress$1 culm5 n elevat$1 bo? m&ibles not*$1 ! upp] convex3 no/rils r\nd1 ne>ly nak$3 rictus smoo?2 m\? v wide4 ,w+s long1 po9t$1 ! second & ?ird quill longe/4 ,tail %ort1 ev54 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,c9]e\s :ite2 head1 tail1 & out] half ( ! w+s1 black3 fir/ & fif? quill equal3 spuri\s quill none2 orbits plum$4 ,9 ,mus4 ,no/4 ---- ,9 a small collection ( birds1 f ! int]ior ( ! va/ ,empire ( ,brazil1 we met ) ?is new & highly int]e/+ species4 ,its resemblance to ! well kn[n ,ps>is ,cayanus is s close1 t ev5 ,orni?ologi/s w\ld n at fir/ suspect ! diff]5ce2 & ?is may possibly acc\nt = its hav+ be5 ov]look$4 ,! size & col\r ( ! two birds1 9 fact1 are p]fectly alike3 b 9 ?is1 ! bill is mu* m depress$2 ! orbits1 in/ead ( be+ nak$1 are cov]$ ) fea!rs3 & ! spuri\s int]m$iate quill is entirely want+4 ,our bird ?us pres5ts n only ! *>act]s ( a species1 b a modification ( =m1 lead+ to ! g5us ,pa*yrhyn*us ( ,spix4 ,our fri5d ,sir ,william ,j>d9e1 ,b>t41 :o has long felt1 ) u1 a peculi> int]e/ 9 ?is gr\p1 w accept our d$ication ( ?is species to him1 z a pro( ( ! e/imation 9 :i* we hold 8 /udies4 ,! publication ( ,ps>is ,cuvi]ii 9 ! e>ly s]ies ( our "w1 0 ! fir/ addition made to ?is gr\p aft] its publication 9 ! ,regn ,animal4 ,! g5]ic "n ( ,ps>is soon aft] became famili> to ,briti% ,orni?ologi/s1 by be+ univ]sally adopt$4 ,rec5tly1 h[ev]1 ! ,editor ( ! ,zoological ,j\rnal has express$ 8 op9ion t ?is "n1 on ! score ( priority1 %\ld give place to ano!r4 ,! "q w\ld be ( little mom5t did x m]ely conc]n ?is gr\p2 b involv+1 z x does1 ! entire nom5clature ( two sy/ems1 x becomes a matt] ( "s importance to asc]ta9 _! respective claims4 ,! p]iod ( typographic publication1 z connect$ ) ! only process by :i* k c be univ]sally communicat$1 is ! only crit]ion1 9 our op9ion1 by :i* su* claims %\ld be decid$4 ,dates1 if truly affix$1 speak = !mselves4 ,b to atta9 ?is advantage1 no surreptiti\s or disreputable practices c be all[$4 ,a plausible claim may inde$ be made by any au?or1 :o ha/ily puts toge!r an essay or pamphlet1 = ! sole purpose ( anticipat+ ! pati5t lab\rs ( ano!r3 b su* artifices1 :5 discov]$1 are sure to be disc\nt5anc$ by hon\rable m9ds4 ,to illu/rate our mean+ bett]1 we w /ate a case4 ,let u suppose1 !n1 a le>n$ ,naturali/1 9 *>ge ( a public museum1 is engag$ 9 a g5]al classification ( ! animal k+dom3 t to ! type ( ea* gr\p1 z progressively def9$1 he affixes a label1 ) ! propos$ "n1 & returns x aga9 to ! public rooms4 ,let u fur!r suppose t an ,orni?ologi/1 wi%+ to make a new sy/em1 b )\t any mat]ials = s do+1 goes to ?is museum1 selects1 z !y are successively nam$1 ^! id5tical types = 8 exam9ation1 well kn[+ by :om1 & = :at purpose !y are s nam$4 ,he !n goes home1 & publi%es1 ) all exp$ition1 an ill-dige/$ pamphlet1 :]e9 e gr\p appe>s "u a "n1 totally diff]5t f t by :i* he became acqua9t$ ) x4 ,x is n = u to make ! application4 ,b t su* practices h be5 resort$ to1 is well kn[n among ! highe/ sci5tific au?orities 9 ,p>is4 ,x is n s mu* 9 ju/ice to a di/+ui%$ individual1 z our respect = ! broad pr9ciples ( tru? & hon\r1 t we h said ?us mu*4 ,^! are grave *>ges1 b !y are n lightly br\ght =w>d4 ,re/+1 z !y d1 on te/imony ! mo/ unque/ionable1 we %\ld deem x almo/ insult+ to our c\ntrym5 c\ld we suppose !y w h5ce=w>d1 by adopt+ ^! names1 c\nt5ance a claim built on su* a fraudul5t basis4 ,our views ( ! natural situation ( ?is gr\p1 mu/ be res]v$ = ! next numb]4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,petroica multicolor4 ,sc>let brea/$ ,rob9 ,,petroica multicolor4 ,sc>let-brea/$ ,rob94 ---- ,family ,sylviad4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,bill sl5d]1 ! sides compress$1 ! tip gradually b5t1 & beset ) bri/les at ! base4 ,w+s long2 ! fir/ quill spuri\s2 ! second int]m$iate 9 l5g? betwe5 ! six? & sev5?4 ,t>si elevat$1 ! inn] toe manife/ly %ort] ?an ! ext]nal toe4 ,tail broad1 ev54 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,head1 ?roat1 & upp] plumage black2 front sn[y2 w+s ) "o longitud9al & two oblique :ite b&s2 brea/ & "p ( ! body sc>let2 belly dull :ite4 ,r$-brea/$ ,w>bl]4 ,lew94 ,birds ( ,new ,moll4 pl4 #ag4 ,muscicapa multicolor4 ,g54 ,horsf4 ,vig4 ,l9n4 ,tr4 v4 #af1 p4 #bdc4 ,r$-belli$ ,flycat*]4 ,la?4 ,g54 ,hi/4 #f1 p4 #bji1 pl4 #ajj8 ,mus4 ,no/4 c4 ---- ,! analag\s resemblances betwe5 ! species & gr\ps ( "o region1 & ^? by :i* !y are repres5t$ 9 ano!r1 are among ! mo/ curi\s & rem>kable facts 9 ,natural ,hi/ory3 :e!r we look to !m z pro(s ( a ,div9e plan1 va/ 9 its ext5t1 & wond]ful 9 its details1 or z exemplify+ t sy/em ( symbolical relation%ip by :i* e "p ( ! animat$ _w is mutually connect$4 ,bo? appe> int5d$ = "o great purpose1 ! p>tial initiation ( man into e>?ly my/]ies1 t he may h great] fai? 9 ^? :i* reg>d 8 et]nal welf>e4 ,! ,rob91 spread ov] ! :ole ( ,europe1 is repres5t$ 9 temp]ate ,am]ica by ! ,blue ,bird ( ,wilson 7,sialia ,wilsonii1 ,sw474 ,nei!r ( ^! are f\nd 9 ,new ,holl&1 b ! bird be=e u may be consid]$ _! repres5tative4 ,lew91 :o wrote ^u ! spot1 obs]ves t al?\gh 9 "s respects solit>y1 x frequ5ts ! abodes ( man 9 w9t]1 l ! ,rob92 :i* x fur!r resembles 9 its note4 ,our ,european bird is intimately connect$ ) ! ,/one*ats 7,saxicol74--,! rem>k ( ano!r eye witness1 proves ! ,au/ralian species to h ! same relation4 ,mr4 ,caley m5tions t he saw ?is bird 9 ,novemb] 7our ,european summ]71 :5 f> di/ant 9 ! m\nta9s1 9 ! r\ghe/ "p ( ! c\ntry ,i _h !n or s9ce visit$4 ,l9n4 ,tr4 #ae4 p4 #bde4 ,mr4 ,caley1 moreov]1 z if p]fectly aw>e ( its natural aff9ities1 names x ! ,au/ralian ,r$/>t4 ,s closely1 9 %ort1 does ?is bird resemble our ,european ,/one*at1 t b = ! rec5t acquisition ( m typical species1 we %\ld h _h d\bts :e!r to *>act]ize x z a di/9ct type4 ,l9nan writ]s1 z might be suppos$1 h always reg>d$ ?is z a ,flycat*]1 b z ,mess4 ,horsfield & ,vigors h rec5tly dwelt1 at "s l5g?1 on ! propriety ( su* an arrangem5t1 x may be z well to /ate ! lead+ diff]5ces betwe5 ! two families4 ,9 ,muscicapa atricapilla1 7) :i* ^! g5tlem5 h comp>$ our bird17 ! bill 7fig4 #a1 #b71 l t ( e g5u9e ,flycat*]1 is depress$ f ! base to ! tip1 :ile t ( ,petroica 7fig4 #e1 #f71 ( ! ,/one*at 7fig4 #c1 #d71 & ( all ,saxicol1 al?\gh depress$ at ! base1 is inv>iably compress$ on ! sides4 ,by ^! *>act]s ! =m] pres]ve _! aff9ity to ! ,todies1 & ! latt] to ! ,?ru%es4 ,9 ! g>nature ( ! rictus !re is also an ess5tial diff]5ce4 ,! bri/les ( ! ,muscicap 7f4 #a1 #b71 are always rigid & direct$ =w>ds3 :ile ^? ( ! ,saxicol1 al?\gh sometimes rem>kably long1 are g5]ally weak1 & div]ge 9 diff]5t directions4 ,?us mu* may be /at$ on ! *ief peculi>ities ( ! gr\ps 9 "q3 !y may = ! pres5t be t]m$ analogies1 b !re are consid]ations :i* induce u to suspect !y are m intimately connect$ by aff9ity ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,to facilitate comp>ison1 our figure is ( ! natural size1 & p>ticul> c>e has be5 tak5 9 ! correct del9eation ( all ! proportions & details4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,ploceus ,textor ,ruf\s neck$ ,weav] ,,ploceus textor4 ,ruf\s-neck$ ,weav]4 ---- ,family ,fr+illid8 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,bill l5g!n$-conic1 slightly curv$1 entire1 ! base advanc+ high on ! =ehead1 & divid+ ! frontal fea!rs1 ! culm5 curv$1 ! commissure s9uat$4 ,no/rils oval1 nak$3 )\t a membrane4 ,w+s mod]ate1 r\nd$1 ! fir/ quill spuri\s1 ! five next ne>ly ( equal l5g?4 ,feet %ort1 /rong1 ! middle toe long] ?an ! t>sus1 ! h9d toe ne>ly equal ) ! t>sus4 ,tail v %ort1 r\nd$4 ,,divisions ,,or ,,sub-,,g5]a4 ,,malimbus4 ,vieil4 ,bill m /raight1 sl5d]1 & l5g!n$4 ,,ploceus4 ,cuv4 ,z above4 ,,euplectes4 ,nob4 ,bill ( ,ploceus4 ,toes & claws v sl5d]4 ,! great] quills sc>cely long] ?an ! less]2 spuri\s quill v m9ute4 ,type1 ,loxia ,orix4 ,l4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,orange yell[1 v>i$ above ) black3 head1 *91 & front ( ! ?roat black3 nape ) a *e/nut b&4 ,oriolus textor4 ,auct4 ,ploceus textor4 ,cuvi]4 ,reg4 ,anim4 ,le cap-m4 ,buff4 ,son4 #ai1 p4 #afe4 ,pl4 ,enl4 #cge 7v bad74 ---- ,! ,weav+ ,birds1 conf9$ to ! hott] regions ( ! old _w1 are *iefly f\nd 9 ,africa1 :]e !y repres5t ! ,hangne/s 7,ict]97 ( ,am]ica3 an analogy long s9ce rem>k$ by ,buffon4 ,bo? ^! tribes a/oni% u by ! consummate skill ) :i* !y fabricate _! ne/s3 b ! intellig5ce display$ by ! ,african ,weav]s is /ill m wond]ful4 ,! curi\s read] w see a mo/ int]e/+ acc\nt ( ^! birds 9 ,pat]son's ,african ,travels1 or 9 ,wood's ,zoography4 ,( ! pres5t species1 al?\gh v common 9 ,s5egal1 no?+ appe>s kn[n beyond ! simple fact ( its weav+1 9 conf9em5t1 betwe5 ! wires ( its cage4 ,its total l5g? is ab\t six in*es1 ! m9or proportions may be correctly asc]ta9$ by ! scale on ! plate4 ,if ! g5us ,ploceus ( ,b>on ,cuvi] be re/rict$ to ! old _w1 x becomes "o ( ! mo/ natural gr\ps 9 ,orni?ology4 ,yet1 l all o!rs ( an ext5sive nature1 x exhibits sev]al modifications ( /ructure1 :i* ! pres5t /ate ( sci5ce r5d]s x necess>y to def9e4 ,:e!r su* def9itions are to be t]m$ g5]ic1 subg5]ic1 or sectional1 mu/1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 dep5d on m]e op9ion4 ,x is en\gh if ^! less] gr\ps are def9$4 ,to asc]ta9 _! relative value is ! next /ep3 ?is is ! second1 & by f> ! mo/ difficult process1 9 ! /udy ( real aff9ities2 = n only t p>ticul> gr\p :i* claims our att5tion1 b e o!r relat$ to x 9 a high] division1 mu/ be pati5tly analyz$4 ,h5ce x frequ5tly results t gr\ps assume a v diff]5t app>5t /ation to :at !y did 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,are we !re=e to refra9 f *>act]iz+ or nam+ !m1 because _! relative value _c1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 be asc]ta9$8 ,we ?9k n4 ,t g5]a h be5 unnecess>ily multipli$1 no "o c d\bt1 :o has look$ beyond su* circumscrib$ limits4 ,& if =ms ( transision1 7g5]ally compris+ "o or two species alone17 are to be s rank$1 we mu/ imm$iately treble or quadruple ! pres5t numb] ( orni?ological g5]a4 ,! tru? is1 t _m gr\ps1 :i* 9 our fir/ process ( comb9ation1 we are oblig$ to di/+ui%1 or p]haps "n1 w1 9 ! second1 be unit$ to o!rs4 ,s t x appe>s highly probable t ! numb] ( g5]a1 9 orni?ology1 ultimately reta9$1 w be few] p]haps ?an at pres5t4 ,we are1 9 %ort1 b 9 ! infancy ( ?is k1 & our g5]a1 = ! mo/ "p1 mu/ be look$ ^u z tempor>y l&m>ks1 to d5ote ! gr\nd gone ov]1 & to be fix$ or remov$ z our views become m ext5d$1 by a wid] analysis ( qualities & relations4 ,total l5g? #f in*es1 bill #g_/aj1 w+s #c-f_/aj1 t>si #i_/aj1 middle claw #a1 tail #b1 beyond ! w+s #a4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,ampull>ia ,pl4 ,,ii #a4 ,subc>9ata #b4 ,nilotica ,,ampull>ia subc>9ata4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell rev]se1 ?icki%2 :orls depress$ ne> ! suture1 & m>k$ by a p>allel l9e2 spire %ort1 obtuse2 umbilicus l>ge1 op51 slightly c>9at$1 & m>k$ ) an int]nal groove4 ,ampull>ia subc>9ata4 ,s[4 ,g5]a ( ,%ells1 f4 #d4 ---- ,! polit5ess ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,s[]by has giv5 u ! opportunity ( exam9+ ?is r>e & little kn[n species1 fir/ describ$ & accurately figur$ by himself4 ,x 0 discov]$1 we believe1 by ,mr4 ,cran*1 ! ill-fat$ naturali/ :o accompani$ ! un=tunate exp$ition to ! ,congo1 9 t riv]4 ,no specim5s1 we are in=m$1 h subsequ5tly rea*$ ?is c\ntry4 ,! surface is r\gh1 occasion$ by irregul> corrugat$ wr9kles3 ! epid]mis olive4 ---- ,,ampull>ia ,nilotica4 ,%ell rev]se1 ?91 smoo?1 :iti%1 ) an ,olive epid]mis f9ely /riat$ longitud9ally2 l[] half ( ! basal :orl mu* contract$3 spire prom95t1 obtuse2 op]culum horny2 umbilicus l>ge1 op51 ! m>g9 obtusely c>9at$4 ---- ,! %ell f :i* our figure 0 tak5 we receiv$ f ,mr4 ,g4 ,s[]by1 "u ! "n ( ,nilotica1 "s ye>s ago4 ,:e!r x is ! same1 or specifically di/9ct f ,lam>ck's ,gu9aica1 we h no means ( judg+1 o!rwise ?an f ! figures he cites ( ,*emnitz4 ,if ^! are accurate1 !re are _m po9ts ( diff]5ce2 b no d\bt ! ,editor ( ! ,bullet9 des ,sci5ces1 w h great pleasure 9 sett+ u "r ^u ?is subject4 ,on att5tively comp>+ ! descriptions1 giv5 by ,lam>ck1 ( elev5 species ( ,ampull>ia1 ) ^? we h *>act]iz$ 9 diff]5t works1 we c only discov] two in/ances :]e9 ! same species h be5 m5tion$ by bo? p>ties1 "u diff]5t names4 ,our ,a4 conica1 is probably ,lam>ck's vir5s1 & belongs to ! g5us ,pa*y/oma1 ,guild4 ,! o!r in/ance is curi\s2 9 ! ,app5dix to ! ,bligh ,collection1 we describ$ a rem>kable v>iety ( ,a4 fasciata1 "u ! sub-specific "n ( ,canaliculata4 ,9 ! foll[+ mon? appe>$ ! second "p ( ,lam>ck's ,sy/me1 :]e9 ?is v>iety appe>$ z a species1 "u ! v same "n4 ,x w\ld almo/ appe> z if ! two acc\nts _h be5 writt5 at ! same mom5t4 ,we h s9ce _h good reason to be confirm$ 9 our suspicion z to ?is %ell be+ a m]e v>iety ( fasciata1 f a f9e s]ies ( specim5s s5t u f ,dem]>a4 ,we take ?is opportunity1 h[ev]1 ( express+ a belief t our ,a4 leuco/oma1 is ! "y %ell ( rugosa4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ombus4 ,pl4 #a4 ,s4 ,p]uvianus ,,/rombus ,p]uvianus4 ---- ,ord] ,zoophaga4 ,family8 ,/rombid4 ,g5us ,/rombus4--,lam4 ,sys4 #g4 #aii4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell pond]\s1 nodul\s1 spire v small1 depress$2 out] lip above produc$ & att5uat$1 m>g9 reflect$2 ap]ture /riat$4 ,/rombus ,p]uvianus4 ,sw4 9 ,phil4 ,mag4 #fb1 p4 #cgg4 ---- ,we fir/ record$ ?is s+ul>-%ap$ ,/rombus f a specim5 s5t f ! ,coa/s ( ,p]u4 ,o!rs1 f ! opposite side ( ! ,am]ican ,i/hmus1 collect$ ne> ,panama1 h m rec5tly come into ! possession ( our fri5d1 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,bulw]1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,its g5]al =m is n unlike ,s4 gallus1 b ! spire is unusually depress$1 & ! ap]ture deeply /riat$3 ! upp] surface is m>k$ by p>allel grooves1 & "o ( ! nodules is p>ticul>ly l>ge4 ,9 our la/ numb] we def9$ :at appe> to be ! lead+ =ms among ! ,/rombii1 f su* *>act]s z are exhibit$ by _! %ells4 ,?is mode ( classification1 we admit1 is always att5d$ ) haz>d2 & %\ld n be v5tur$ ^u )\t due precaution4 ,to attempt a natural arrangem5t ( ! high] gr\ps1 on su* consid]ations alone1 w\ld be manife/ly absurd4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we ?9k bo? pr9ciples may be c>ri$ too f>3 & t a sy/em f\nd$ exclusively ^u ! animal w\ld1 9 our pres5t /ate ( k1 be little less artificial ?an ano!r tak5 m]ely f ! %ell4 ,we see1 on e side1 ?r\gh\t ,nature1 ! mo/ beautiful & p]fect adaptation ( /ructure to use4 ,! typical ,mollusca1 :e!r among ! ,acephala or ,ga/]opoda1 appe> to be te/ace\s2 & to exhibit a correspond+ p]fection 9 ! /ructure ( _! cov]+s3 "o =m passes into ano!r by z gradual modifications ( ! %ell1 z c\ld possibly be look$ = 9 ! nature ( ! animal4 ,we h attempt$ to exemplify ?is among ! ,unionid & ! ,oliv4 ,we %all n[ exam9e ! ,/rombii ) ref]5ce to ! same object4 ,les ,ailes1 obs]ves ,lam>ck1 con/itu5t une famille trs-naturelle1 qui avois9e celle des ,canalif]s p> ses rapports1 mais qui en e/ m9emm5t di/9cte4 ,?is able classifi] 7^: p]ception ( aff9ities is truly admirable71 !n proce$s to divide ^! %ells into ?ree gr\ps1 f\nd$ ^u su* excell5t di/9ctions1 t we ne$ n "h dilate on _! importance4 ,two ( ^! g5]a are *>act]iz$ by a deep & well def9$ s9us or not*1 t[>ds ! base ( ! out] lip2 q di/9ct f ! basal canal1 & int5d$ ei!r = ! passage ( ! animal's proboscis1 or its respiratory siphon4 ,9 ,/rombus ! out] lip is dilat$1 b entire2 9 ,pt]oc]as1 x is equally enl>g$1 b divid$ into long processes4 ,su* are ! typical di/9ctions1 & _! imm$iate union appe>s effect$ by ! ,/rombus lac9iatus ( ,*emnitz4 ,! ?ird g5us ( ,lam>ck's is ,ro/ell>ia1 9 :i* he places all ^? species :]e9 ! s9us above m5tion$ is unit$ to ! basal canal4 ,n[ if ! ,/rombus pespelecani ( au?ors _h ?is canal m clos$1 & ! s9us di/9ct1 x w\ld be a ,pt]oc]as4 ,da ,co/a long ago plac$ ?is %ell z ! type ( a g5us1 & ! obs]vations ( ,mr4 ,dillwyn1 9 8 %ort b highly valuable pap] on fossil %ells 7,phil4 ,trans4 = #ahbc1 p4 #a1 p4 #cic71 h %ew$ ! importance :i* we %\ld atta* to its /ructure3 x is1 9 fact1 a ,pt]oc]as1 b ) ! above m5tion$ s9us remov$ to ! base ( ! digitat$ lip1 & conf\nd$1 z x 71 ) ! basal canal4 ,except+ to a ,pt]oc]as1 x _c be comp>$ ) any kn[n %ell1 unless x be to ! ,/rombus fissus ( ,l9n4 ,! hiatus betwe5 !m c]ta9ly appe>s great1 yet ! aff9ity is n int]rupt$ by any ?+ kn[n3 ?is latt] %ell resembles ! true ,ro/ell>i1 b ) ! digitat$ processes ( ,pt]oc]as r$uc$ to tee?2 :i* tee?1 9 ,r4 curviro/ris1 become conf9$ to ! basal "p ( ! unexp&$ lip4 ,we are "h met by c]ta9 fossil %ells1 pres]v+ ! =m ( ,ro/ell>ia1 b ) ! out] lip entire1 & sometimes consid]ably exp&$3 9 ^! ! spiral canal sometimes ext5ds to ! summit ( ! %ell3 f9ally ! di/9ct s9us aga9 appe>s 9 su* species z ,s4 cancellatus1 canalus1 c41 all :i* h be5 class$ by con*ologi/s ) ,/rombus4 ,?is s]ies is suffici5t to %ew ! t5d5cy ( a circul> disposition ( relations1 b v _m ( ! int]m$iate =ms are want+1 nor is x at all cle> 9 :at way ! imm$iate passage is effect$ betwe5 ,hippo*r5es & ! g5u9e ,/rombii4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,oliva4 ,pl4 #a4 #a4 volutella #b4 /riata ,,oliva volutella4 ---- ,class ,mollusca4 ,ord] ,zoophaga4 ,lam4 ,g5us ,oliva4 ,lam4 ,sys4 #g1 p4 #daf4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell ovate-conic1 mitri=m2 *e/nut1 ! body :orl blui%2 spire l5g!n$1 acute2 pill> ) #f-g1 sl5d]1 regul> plaits4 ,oliva volutella4 ,o4 te/ ovato-conic1 subcrule1 ad spiram basimque luteo fuscat2 spir vald product1 acut4 ,lam4 ,sys4 #g1 #a1 p4 #dcb4 ---- ,we are indebt$ to ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,bulw> = our specim5s ( ?is elegant & highly int]e/+ species1 receiv$ by him f ! ,am]ican ,i/hmus4 ,x v>ies mu* 9 ! int5sity ( its col\r1 z may be se5 f ! above description1 giv5 by ,lam>ck1 ( examples procur$ by ,b>on ,humbolt on ! %ores ( ,mexico4 ,!re are reasons = believ+ ! g5us ,voluta1 z def9$ by ,lam>ck1 to be typical ( a natural gr\p1 compris+ ! g5]a ,mitra1 ,oliva1 ,ancill>ia & ,m>g9ella4 ,! obvi\s aff9ity betwe5 ,voluta & ,mitra ne$ n be dwelt ^u4 ,! connexion ( ,mitra ) ,oliva1 we notic$ 9 describ+ ,mitra oliv=mis1 at pl4 #dh ( our fir/ s]ies4 ,?is aff9ity appe>s fur!r /r5g!n$ by a %ell 9 ! late ,tank]ville ,collection1 especially record$ by ,mr4 ,g4 ,s[]by1 z rem>kable = its resemblance to an ,olive4 ,we regret n hav+ se5 ?is %ell1 b su* an au?ority is fully suffici5t4 ,! gr\p ( ,mitres1 by :i* ?is transision appe>s effect$1 is t m5tion$ "u ! head ( ,m4 bicolor 7,mitra1 ,pl4 #a47 ( ?is s]ies4 ,?is little gr\p has ?ree relations3 "o to ! smoo? ,mitres 7z ,m4 p]tusa71 ano!r to ,conohelix1 & a ?ird to ! ,olives3 ! species are all rem>kable = ! poli%$ smoo?ness ( _! surface1 = ! total abs5ce ( ! inn] lip1 & = ! l[] plaits ( ! pill> ext5d+ mu* beyond ! ap]ture3 ^! plaits1 moreov]1 are g5]ally five or six1 & all v sl5d]4 ,! con*ologi/ w p]ceive t ne>ly ! only "* want+1 to r5d] ?is description applicable to an ,olive1 is ! *annell$ groove r\nd ! suture4 ,?is "* is add$ to ! %ell be=e u1 :i* ?us pres5ts ! fir/ type ( =m 9 ! pres5t g5us4 ,proce$+ to ! m p]fect ,olives1 we obs]ve ! spire becom+ gradually %ort]2 ! vitri\s deposition on ! inn] lip increas$ 9 ?ickness2 ! upp] plaits on ! pill> num]\s1 & ^? at ! base ?ick] & m ext]nal 7,m4 fulm9eus1 ,lam4 elegans1 ,en4 ,me?4 #cfb1 #c471 ! v5tricose %ape ( "s 7,o4 undata1 inflata1 ,lam471 ! spire (t5 conceal$ by a vitri\s cov]+1 & ev5 ! col\rs ( o!rs 7,m4 tessellata1 guttata7 rem9d u ( ! typical ,volutes4 ,x is v rem>kable1 t 9 mo/ ( ! cyl9drical ,olives1 ! apex is m or less1 papill>y3 ! la/ complete t]m9al volution ( ! spire be+ ?ick1 inflat$1 & di/ort$3 7see p>ticul>ly ,o4 reticul>is1 ,en4 ,me?4 #cf1 f4 #a2 fusi=mis1 ,ib4 #cfg1 #a2 guttata1 ,ib4 #cfh1 f4 #b47 ,o!rs are se5 ( a m sl5d] =m1 z ,o4 subulata1 ,l4 acum9ata1 ,e4 ,m4 #cfh1 #c1 :]e ! pill> is simil>ly plait$4 ,b 9 sev]al small species alli$ to ,o4 conoidalis1 ano!r modification ( =m has evid5tly comm5c$3 ! spire is regul>ly acute2 ! upp] plaits disappe>2 & ^? :i* rema91 are only at ! ?ick5$ base ( ! pill>3 ! ap]ture1 no long] n>r[1 becomes wide at ! base1 :]e ! pill> takes an oblique direction inw>d3 we are ?us l$ to ! =m ( ,o4 hiatula1 ,e4 ,m4 pl4 #cfh1 f4 #e1 :]e ! *>act]s ( ,ancill>ia become app>5t 9 ! effus5ess ( ! m\?1 ! d\ble belt at ! base1 & ! imp]fect groove on ! out] side ( ! pill>4 ,:e!r we look to ?is %ell1 or to ! descriptions giv5 by ,lam>ck ( ! fossil species plic>ia1 canalif]a1 & laumontiana1 or f9ally1 to ! ,ancill>ia gl&i=mis1 ,s[4 no d\bt c rema9 ( ! g5us ,oliva be+ "h bl5d$ ) ! ,ancill>i4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r =m among ! ,oliv1 :i* des]ves m5tion1 z x _c well be associat$ ) ei!r ( ! prec$+3 ?is we h describ$ bel[4 ,ano!r g5us t may be ?\ght connect$ ) ,oliva1 is ,t]ebellum3 a gr\p v ably illu/rat$ by ,mr4 ,g4 ,s[]by1 9 8 ,g5]a ( ,%ells4 ,to t "w we mu/ ref] ! read] = ^? reasons :i* %ew its m imm$iate relation to ,ovula4 ,x is1 9 %ort1 "o ( ^? =ms too haz>d\s to class )\t a complete k ( ! animal4 ---- ,,oliva /riata4 ,%ell small1 cyl9drical1 sub-effuse1 di/9ctly m>k$ by regul> longitud9al /ri2 upp] "p ( ! body :orl ) "o1 l[] "p ) f\r1 belts2 spire %ort1 *annell$1 sub-papill>y1 nak$2 base ( ! pill> /riat$ & ext]nally deta*$ by a groove4 ,ancill>ia canalif]a88 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g1 #dae4 ---- ,we d n f9d ?is fossil cle>ly describ$4 ,our specim5s appe> to be f ! ,london clay4 ,its =m seems analog\s to ,conohelix among ! ,mitres4 ,! l9e adjo9+ ! figures d5otes ! natural l5g? ( ! %ells4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,ps>is cri/atus4 ,cre/$ or :ite back$ ,s>is4 ,,ps>is cri/atus4 ,cre/$1 or ,:ite-back$ ,s>is4 ---- ,family ,todid4--,nobis4 ,bill l5g!n$1 depress$1 boat-%ap$4 ,t>si mod]ate1 weak1 ! ?ree ant]ior toes m or less unit$4 ,w+s & tail %ort4 ,sub-family ,ps>iana4--,nobis4 ,head v l>ge1 depress$4 ,m\? v wide4 ,bill ?ick1 depress$1 convex above4 ,feet weak1 t>si r %ort1 toes unit$ at _! base1 ! out] manife/ly long] ?an ! inn]2 claws broad1 compress$2 ant]ior scales transv]se2 lat]al scales small1 num]\s4 ,! male g5]ally ) a spuri\s quill betwe5 ! fir/ & second4 ,,g5]a4 ,,ps>is4 ,cuv4 ,rictus smoo?1 w+s l5g!n$1 ! fir/ quill mu* long] ?an ! f\r?1 tail %ort1 ev54 ,type1 ,ps>is ,cayanus4--,cuv4 ,,pa*yrhyn*us4 ,spix4 ,rictus be>d$1 bill %ort]1 w+s m r\nd$1 tail l5g!n$1 graduat$4 ,type1 ,ps>is nig]4--,nob4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,blacki% br[n1 b5ea? pale fulv\s1 base ( ! w+s ) a conceal$ sn[y spot1 spuri\s quill broad1 cr[n black1 slightly cre/$4 ,ps>is cri/atus4 ,sw4 9 ,zool4 ,j\rn4 #b1 p4 #ced4 ,mus4 ,p>is4 ,no/4 ---- ,( ?is v r>e species we "k b ( two specim5s1 bo? ( :i* appe> to h come f ! m9+ prov9ces ( ,brazil4 ,! economy ( ^! int]e/+ birds has n yet be5 detect$1 ev5 by naturali/s :o h liv$ 9 _! native regions4 ,! indefatigable ,az>a pr(esses 8 ignorance on ?is po9t1 b /ates "s valuable in=mation on a species 7ne>ly alli$ to ! ,cay5ne ,s>is7 nam$ by him ,le ,di/+u a tte ,noir1 :i*1 9 ,p>aguay1 is a bird ( passage3 its flight is elevat$1 rapid1 & prolong$4 ,ils ne sont ni f>\*es1 ni remuans1 et ils se ti5n5t long temps la mme place4 ,ils ne sort5t po9t des gr&s bois1 et ils se p]*5t t\j\rs au plus haut des arbres les plus levs1 o ils ne *]*5t pas se ca*]4 ,az>a ,voy4 #c1 p4 #djg4 ,! size & /r5g? ( ! bill induc$ u1 "s ye>s ago1 to adopt ! popul> classification ( ?is g5us ) ! family ( ,%rikes2 b a m p>ticul> analysis ( t & ! neighb\r+ families1 lead u to suspect t its natural situation is f> diff]5t3 our reasons = ?is belief w be /at$ at l>ge 9 ano!r "w4 ,= ! pres5t x may be rem>k$1 t ! smoo?ness ( ! rictus1 z indicat+ a frugivor\s habit1 =bids u to place x ) ! ,flycat*]s2 :ile ! feet1 p]fectly diff]5t f ^? ( ! true ,%rikes 7,laniana1 ,sw471 c only be comp>$ ) ^? ( ! ,piauhau 7,buff474 ,! aff9ity :i* ?is gr\p be>s to ,gub]netes1 is m]ely sup]ficial3 b its analogies to ,ceblepyris1 among ! ,laniad1 & to ,pa*ycephala1 among ! ,ampelid1 are probably direct4 ,! m]it ( hav+ fir/ direct$ ! att5tion ( ,orni?ologi/s to ! s+ul> spuri\s quill1 :i* g5]ally di/+ui%es ! males ( ?is gr\p1 we transf] f ourselves to ,az>a4 ,8 invaluable "w we did n !n possess1 & knew n t ! circum/ance _h already be5 m5tion$ by him4 ,we are only acqua9t$ ) ! g5us ,pa*yrhyn*us ( ,spix1 by see+ ?is "n affix$ to our ,ps>is ,cuvi]ii 9 ! ,p>is ,museum4 ,! di/9ction is judici\s2 p>ticul>ly z ! two gr\ps po9t to diff]5t relations4 ,( ,ps>is1 z n[ re/rict$1 we "k ( six species1 & ( ,pa*yrhyn*us1 t54 ,our pres5t bird is oscul5t betwe5 ^! =ms3 we place x ) ,ps>is on acc\nt ( its w+s & tail2 b x accords ) ,pa*yryn*us 9 ! rictus be+ slightly bri/l$4 ,! spuri\s quill is half ! l5g? ( ! fir/1 :i* latt] is z long z ! f\r?4 ,! tail is 9 a slight degree r\nd$4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ne$less to rem>k1 t all ^! birds are conf9$ to ,equ9octial ,am]ica4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,*,,tura macropt]a ,longw+$ ,swift ,,*,,tura macropt]a4 ,long-w+$ ,swift4 ---- ,family ,hirund9id4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,bill entire1 ! sides mu* compress$1 ! culm5 ar*$4 ,! l[] m&ible recurv$ at ! tip4 ,w+s v long4 ,tail scansorial1 ! extremity ( ! %afts nak$1 & acute4 ,t>si nak$1 ! ?ree ant]ior toes & claws ne>ly equal2 h9d toe n v]satile4 ,nob4 ,type4 ,*tura pelasgia4 ,/ev5s4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,br[n3 w+s & tail gloss$ ) gre5i% blue2 back grey-:ite3 *9 & "u tail cov]s sn[y2 tail ev54 ,ob4 ,tail #c 94 long] ?an ! w+s1 ! two fir/ quills longe/ & equal4 ---- ,= an inspection ( ?is new & impos+ species1 we h to ?ank ,mr4 ,w>d1 an ,animal pres]v] ( consid]able tal5t4 ,we d n f9d x m5tion$ 9 any ,orni?ological "w we possess1 & our libr>y is n small3 b ) s _m publications cont9ually issu+ f ! cont95tal press1 we %all feel no surprise at discov]+ x has already be5 publi%$4 ,?is & ! ,hirundo albicollis1 7fir/ nam$ by ,m4 ,vieillot7 are two ( ! l>ge/ species yet discov]$1 ( a v s+ul> gr\p ( ,swifts2 :]e9 ! tail fea!rs are sp9$1 & ev5 m rigid ?an ^? ( ! ,woodpeck]s3 by ?is /ructure ! birds c rema9 = a consid]able "t 9 ! mo/ p]p5dicul> situations4 ,! exp&$ tail ?us acts z a p[]ful support1 :i* is fur!r increas$ by ! size & /r5g? ( ! claws1 mu* l>g] ?an ^? ( ord9>y ,swall[s4 ,!re are sev]al species1 mo/ ( :i* are natives ( ,am]ica4 ,! direct analogy :i* ?is gr\p be>s to ! typical scansorial ,birds1 jo9$ to ! g5]al sup]iority ( flight :i* ! ,swift possesses ov] ! ,swall[1 leads u to suspect ?is may prove to be ! typical gr\p ( ! ,fissiro/res2 an ord] 9 :i* ,nature1 9 h] wi% to develope ! greate/ p[]s ( flight1 appe>s to neglect all ^? laws :i* %e aft]w>ds s rigidly adh]es to3 ,we int5d 9 ano!r "w1 to ent] on ?is int]e/+ subject m fully4 ,our figure is 9 /rict con=mity ) ! scale on ! plate1 :i* is t ( an in*4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,petroica bicolor4 ,black :ite ,rob94 ,,petroica bicolor4 ,black & ,:ite ,rob94 ---- ,family ,sylviad4 ,sub-family ,saxicol94 7,see ,nor!rn ,zoology1 ,vol4 #b47 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,see ,no4 #h1 pl4 #cf4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,black & :ite4 ,head1 ?roat1 back1 & tips ( ! tail glossy rav5 black3 brea/1 scapul> cov]s1 /ripe on ! w+s1 & plumage b5ea?1 :ite3 tail slightly =k$4 ---- ,9 giv+ publicity to ?is new & int]e/+ bird1 we feel p>ticul> pleasure 9 express+ our ?anks to ,all5 ,cunn+ham1 ,esq41 ,8 ,maje/y's ,botani/1 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 by :om x 0 !re discov]$4 ,al?\gh devot$ to a sci5ce already s mu* b5efit$ by 8 rese>*es1 ?is en?usia/ic ,travell] f\nd "s leasure = ,orni?ology1 & has lately fav\r$ u ) a l>ge collection ( sk9s1 prep>$ dur+ "o ( 8 inl& j\rneys2 ) a reque/ t !y may be made public3 among o!r highly curi\s =ms1 ! pres5t bird is conspicu\s4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! op5 =e/ c\ntry1 ,nor? ( ,liv]pool ,pla9s4 ,:5 once we are s =tunate z to discov] ! natural /ation ( any be+1 we may be conv9c$ t e circum/ance reg>d+ its /ructure1 habits1 or ev5 col\r1 are employ$ by ,nature to typify its relations to o!r be+s2 & t until mo/ ( ^! c be expla9$1 !re is good reason to suspect ! accuracy ( our views on its true aff9ities4 ,possess+ all ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( ,petroica1 our bird exhibits 9 ! bill1 feet1 & tail1 an imm$iate aff9ity to ,sialia arctica3 :ile x is clo!d 9 ! pure :ite1 & glossy black plumage1 :i* nature aft]w>ds employs to designate ! typical gr\p ( ,,gryllivora1 7,nor?4 ,zool47 at ! opposite po9t ( ! circle ( ,saxicol94 ,?is rem>kable analogy is ext5d$ to ! bill1 ! po9t ( :i* is long] & m incurv$1 ?an 9 any ( ! imm$iate aff9ities ( our bird3 its close relation to ! old _w ,saxicol1 is too obvi\s to ne$ explanation4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>g9ella ,pl4 #a #a4 oblonga4 #b4 guttata4 ,,m>g9ella oblonga4 ---- ,family ,volutid4 ,g5us ,m>g9ella4 ,lam4 ,sys4 #g4 p4 #ced4 ,,sub-,,g5us ,,volutella4 ,nob4 ,%ell oval-v5tricose3 ,spire conceal$3 out] lip g5]ally smoo?2 base ( ! pill> ) f\r to five oblique plaits3 ap]ture smoo? )94 ,type1 ,m>g9ella bullata4 ,lam4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,%ell oblong1 r gibb\s r\nd ! middle1 fawn col\r$1 ) two obsolete b&s3 spire conceal$3 out] lip & summit m>k$ by orange spots3 pill> #d plait$4 ---- ,a species n hi!rto describ$2 its %ape is unusually oblong1 & ! spire is q conceal$3 ,we are unacqua9t$ ) its locality4 ,! p]p5dicul> l9e expresses ! natural size4 ,9 ,voluta & ,mitra1 ! two typical gr\ps ( ?is family1 ! v>iations ( =m are s /rik+1 & ! species s num]\s1 t we readily ass5t to ! plan1 propos$ by o!rs1 ( fur!r divid+ !m into g5]a3 b 9 ! ab]rant gr\p1 conta9+ ,oliva1 ,ancill>ia1 & ,m>g9ella1 ! =ms are less div]sifi$1 & ! species few]2 ! m9or divisions may !re=e1 = ! pres5t1 be t]m$ sub-g5]a4 ,! approximation ( ,m>g9ella to ,voluta has frequ5tly be5 /at$4 ,9 ,m4 bullata we h a m9iature melon ,volute1 :ile ,m4 faba is a no less obvi\s repres5tation ( ,v4 magnifica4 ,h5ce ^! =ms appe> typical4 ,yet ,m4 p]sicula & l9eata _c well be plac$ ) ei!r1 z _! *>act]s seem to indicate a direct analogy to ,conohelix among ! ,mitres4 ,z to ,volv>ia1 we concur ) o!r writ]s1 9 ?9k+ t ! ,fr5* ,con*ologi/s h erroni\sly bl5d$ t g5us ) ,m>g9ella4 ---- ,,m>g9ella guttata4 ,oval1 spire conceal$1 cov]$ ) transv]se oval spots m>g9$ ) :ite1 some:at ocellate1 & dispos$ longitud9ally2 pill> #d plait$4 ---- ,we c\ld give no correct idea ( ?is v pretty %ell1 )\t enl>g+ ! figures2 ! natural size is indicat$ by ! horizontal l9e4 ,our specim5 is ! only "o we h yet se51 nor d we "k its habitat4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ius ,c9na ,,m>ius ,c9na4 ---- ,family ,nymphalid4 7,/irps4 #c8 ,horsf47 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,l>va & pupa unkn[n4 ,p]fect insect4 ,w+s ,papilioni=m1 caudal app5dages long1 acute4 ,palpi porrect1 approximat+1 & meet+ at _! tips s z to =m an acute cone3 ! :ole cov]$ ) compact scales4 ,ant]ior feet small1 sl5d]1 imp]fect1 ! t>sal jo9ts8 conceal$ by long hairs3 club ( ! ant5n t]m9al1 sub-fuci=m & cyl9dric4 ,body %ort1 ?ick1 robu/4 ,type1 ,papilio ,m>ius4 ,auct4 ---- ,,specific ,,"*4 ,w+s above br[n1 ) two unequal :ite b&s2 b5ea? :ite1 ) n>r[ fulv\s b&s2 basal angle ( ! po/]ior w+s ) an orange spot1 ocellat$ ) black4 ,papilio ,c9na4 ,cram] ,vol4 ,i4 pl4 #ajj4 f4 #h4 ---- ,cram] describes ?is elegant ,butt]fly z a native ( ,sur9am1 & our own specim5s 7 receiv$ f ! same c\ntry4 ,all ! species ( ?is gr\p t h yet fall5 "u our inspection1 are natives ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,_! flight is high1 p[]ful & rapid3 ! pr$om9at+ col\r on ! upp] surface ( _! w+s is br[n1 & on ! "u :ite4 ,x is ! mis=tune ( n und]/&+ ! typical /ructure1 & ! pr9ciples :i* regulate its v>iation1 9 high] gr\ps1 t 9 def9+ ! *>act]s ( a less]1 we c =m no j idea ( its relative value3 :e!r1 9 %ort1 we %\ld consid] x a g5us or a sub g5us1 or :e!r x is typical1 ab]rant1 or oscul5t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is b a tempor>y evil2 & w only cont9ue until an insight is ga9$ into high] comb9ations1 by fir/ plac+ toge!r k9dr$ species "u "o common "n4 ,if ?is be done he$fully1 su* a gr\p mu/ be natural1 :atev] op9ions may be ent]ta9$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 z to its prop] d5om9ation4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]al ,,index ,,( ,,! ,,plates ,,to ,,vol4 #a4 ,,9 ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,publication4 ---- ,n4,b4 ,! numb] "h affix$ to ! ,plates1 = conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce1 _h bett] be m>k$ 9 p5cil ^u ! ,plates !mselves4 ,no4 #a4 ,psittaculus v]nalis1 #a ,polyborus ,brazili5sis1 #b ,setophaga picta1 #c ,ancill>ia 7,pl4 #a47 rubig9osa1 #d ,mitra 7,pl4 #a47 melaniana1 #e ---- tessellata ,no4 #b4 ,p>ra ,africana1 #f ,cuculus nigricans1 #g ,lorius ,isidorii1 #h ,ampull>ia ,pl4 #a4 ---- c>9ata1 #i ,unio 7,pl4 #a47 truncatus1 #aj ,no4 #c4 ,?rio?orus mexicanus1 #aa ,lorius g>rulus1 #ab ,coccyzus ,levaillantii1 #ac ,m>m>o/oma 7,pl4 #a47 ---- undulata1 #ad ,voluta 7,pl4 #a7 ---- bullata1 #ae ,no4 #d4 ,paleornis ,pondic]ianus1 #af ,hirundo fasciata1 #ag ,anodon 7,pl4 #a47 ---- areolatus1 #ah ,mitra 7,pl4 #b47 bicolor1 #ai ---- c>9ata ---- /rigata ,tell9a 7,pl4 #a471 #bj ---- latiro/ra ,no4 #e4 ,nanodes v5u/us1 #ba ,ict]us ,cayan5sis1 #bb ,drymophyla longipes1 #bc ,l+ula anat9a1 #bd ---- hians1 #be ,no4 #f4 ,platyc]cus scapul>is1 #bf ,drymophila fasciata1 #bg ,aglaa gyrola1 #bh ,melania 7,pl4 #a47 am>ula1 #bi ---- setosa ,mitra 7,pl4 #c47 fulva1 #cj ---- ambigua ---- punctata ,no4 #g4 ,aglaa flava1 #ca ,papilio ,niamus1 #cb ,rhetus ,cram]ii1 #cc ,ro/ell>ia 7,pl4 #a47 curviro/ris1 #cd ,ps>is ,j>d9ii1 #ce ,no4 #h4 ,petroica multicolor1 #cf ,ploceus textor1 #cg ,ampull>ia 7,pl4 #b47 ,nilotica1 #ch ---- subc>9ata ,/rombus 7,pl4 #a47 ,p]uvianus1 #ci ,oliva 7,pl4 #a47 volutella1 #dj ---- /riata ,no4 #i4 ,ps>is cri/atus1 #da ,*tura macropt]a1 #db ,petroica bicolor1 #dc ,m>g9ella 7,pl4 #a47 oblonga1 #dd ---- guttata ,m>ius ,c9na1 #de 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]al ,,alphabetic ,,index ,,( ,,lat9 ,,& ,,engli% ,,names1 c41 ,,to ,,vol4 #a4 ---- ,aglaa1 ,g5]ic ,"*1 #bg ---- flava1 #ca ---- gyrola1 #bh ,alasmodon1 ,g5]ic ,"*1 #aj ,ampull>ia c>9ata1 #i ---- canaliculata1 #ch ---- nilotica1 #ch ---- subc>9ata1 #ch ---- vir5s1 #ch ,ancill>ia rubig9osa1 #d ,ant-?ru%1 long legg$1 #bd ---- ,:ite %\ld]$1 #bf ,anodon1 ,g5]ic ,"*1 #aj ---- areolatus1 #ag ,apple ,snail1 c>9at$1 #i ,c>aca ,eagle1 #a ,*tura1 ,*>act]s (1 #db ---- macropt]a1 #db ,coccyzus ,vaillantii1 #ac ,cuculus nigricans1 #g ,cuck[1 ,african black1 #g ,cuck[1 black & :ite1 #ac ,drymophila fasciata1 #bg ---- longipes1 #bc ,eagle1 ,brazilian cre/$1 #a ,euplectes1 *>act]s (1 #cg ,flycat*]1 pa9t$1 #c ,hangne/1 ,cay5ne1 #bb ,hirundo fasciata1 #ag ,hyria1 ,g5]ic ,"*1 #aj ,ict]9a1 *>act]s (1 #bb ,ict]us1 ,g5]ic ,"*1 #bb ,ict]us1 ,cayan5sis1 #bb ,irid9a1 ,g54 ,*>acte1 #aj ,jacama1 ,african1 #f ---- ,habits ( !1 #f ,l+ula anat9a1 #bd ---- hians1 #be ,lorius g>rulus1 #ab ,lorius ,isidorii1 #h ,lory1 ,blue neck$1 #h ,lory1 ,c]am1 #ab ,malimbus1 *>act]s (1 #cg ,m>m>o/oma1 ,g54 ,"*1 #ad ---- undulata1 #ad ,m>g9ella oblonga1 #dd ---- guttata1 #dd ,m>ius1 *>act]s (1 #de ---- c9na1 #de ,melania am>ula1 #bi ---- setosa1 #bi ,mitra ambiguua1 #cj ---- bicolor1 #ai ---- c>9ata1 #ai ---- fulva1 #cj ---- melaniana1 #ae ---- punctata1 #cj ---- /rigata1 #ai ---- tessellata1 #e ,mussel-horse1 areolat$1 #ah ,myo!r91 *>act]s (1 #bc ,nanodes1 *>act]s (1 #ba ---- v5u/us1 #ba ,oliva1 aff9ities (1 #dj ---- volutella1 #dj ---- /riata1 #dj ,pa*yrhyn*us1 ,g54 ,*41 #da ,pa*y/oma1 ,g54 ,"*1 #i ,paleornis ,pondic]ianus1 #af ,papilio ,niamus1 #cb ,p>ra africana1 #f ,p>rakeet1 blue-front$1 #ba ---- mu/a*oe1 #af ---- ,tabuan1 or ,k+1 #bh ---- v]nal1 #b ,petroica1 ,g5]ic ,"*1 #cf ---- bicolor1 #dc ---- multicolor1 #cf ,phytophag\s ,mollusc1 #cj ,platyc]cus scapul>is1 #bf ,ploceus1 ,g5]ic ,"*1 #cg ---- ! sub-g5]a1 #cg ,ploceus textor1 #cg ,polyborus ,brazili5sis1 #a ,ps>iana1 *>act]s (1 #da ,ps>is cri/atus1 #da ---- ,j>d9ii1 #ce ,psittacid1 ,divisions (1 #bh ,psittaculus v]nalis1 #b ,rhetus ,cram]ii1 #cc ,rob91 black & :ite1 #dc ---- sc>let brea/$1 #cf ,ro/ell>ia curviro/ris1 #cd ,s>is1 cre/$1 #da ---- ,j>d9es1 #ce ,saxicol91 ,bill (1 #cf ,setophaga picta1 #c ,/rombus ,p]uvianus1 #ci ,/rombii1 ,g5]a (1 #ce ,snail1 ,wav$1 ,pe>l1 #ad ,swall[1 :ite-b&$1 #ag ,swift1 long-w+$1 #db ,tanag]1 r$-head$1 #bg ---- yell[1 #ca ,tell51 wide-beak$1 #bj ,tell9a latiro/ra1 #bj ,?rio?orus mexicanus1 #aa ,voluta bullata1 #ae ,volutella1 sub-g5us (1 #dd ,volute1 ,bulla-%ap$1 #ae ,unionid1 ,family (1 #aj ,unio1 ,g5]ic ,"*1 #aj ---- truncatus1 #aj ,weav]1 ruf\s neck$1 #cg ,wr51 mexican1 #aa ,zoophag\s ,mollusc1 #ce 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,notes4 #a ,zool4 ,j\rnal1 ,vol4 #d4 p4 #dje4 #b ,ill4 ( ,brit4 ,ent4 #a4 p4 #gj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,corrections made to pr9t$ text ,preface3 'sep>ate' 7) critical judgm5t7 correct$ f 'sep]ate' ,preface3 7,speculation &7 ',hypo!sis' correct$ f ',hypo?osis' ,plate #b1 ma9 title3 ',,polyborus ,brazili5sis' correct$ f '444 ,brazili5ses' ,plate #i3 ',animaux' 7sans ,vetebres7 correct$ f ',animanx' ,plate #af3 ',ge(froy ,/4 ,hilaire' correct$ f '444 ,hili>e' ,plate #bb3 ',! true ,o4 cayan5sis' correct$ f '444cayn5sis' ,plate #cj3 ,head+ 7,,mitra7 'ambigua' correct$ f 'ambigna' ,plate #cb3 "u ,g5]ic ,"*1 'caudat$' correct$ f 'c&at$' ,plate #cf3 ',/one*at' 7fig4 #c1 #d7 correct$ f ',sone*at' ,plate #ch3 'accurately' 7figur$ by himself7 correct$ f 'acurately' ,plate #ci3 'respiratory' 7siphon7 correct$ f 'respitory' ,bo? indexes1 ,plate #cj3 7,mitra7 'ambigua' correct$ f 'ambiguua'