,nore3 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are    
available ?r\gh        ,int]net ,ar*ive4
 ,see                                   
https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/book(w>mi
lit>#jj;caltiala      ,transcrib]'s     
note3          ,text enclos$ by         
und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74      
,*anges made are li/$ at ! end ( ! text4
          ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,w>    ,!     
,milit>y ,classic ( ! ,f> ,ea/          
,translat$ f ! ,*9ese by    ,,capta9 ,e4
 ,f4 ,,cal?rop1 ,r4,f4,a4               
,london  ,john ,murray1 ,albem>le ,/41  
,w4  #aijh          ,,cont5ts           
,,page              ,,introduction      
#g                ,,! ,,articles ,,(    
,,suntzu           ,i4 ,,prelim9>y      
,,reckon+              #ag              
,,ii4 ,,op]ations ,,( ,,w>              
#bj         ,,iii4 ,,! ,,attack ,,by    
,,/ratagem            #bd          ,,iv4
 ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,battle                
#bh           ,v4 ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,!      
,,troops           #ca          ,,vi4   
,,empt9ess ,,& ,,/r5g?             #cd  

,,vii4 ,,battle ,,tactics               
#dj        ,,viii4 ,,! ,,n9e ,,*anges   
#dd          ,,ix4 ,,movem5t ,,(        
,,troops                 #dg            
,x4 ,,gr\nd                             
#ec          ,,xi4 ,,n9e ,,gr\nds       
#eh         ,,xii4 ,,assault ,,by ,,fire
                    #fg        ,,xiii4  
,,! ,,employm5t ,,( ,,spies             
#gj                ,,! ,,say+s ,,(      
,,wutzu              ,,introduction     
#ge           ,i4 ,,! ,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,a 
,,c\ntry        #gg          ,,ii4      
,,e/imation ,,( ,,! ,,enemy             
#he         ,,iii4 ,,control ,,( ,,!    
,,army                #ic          ,,iv4
 ,,qualities ,,( ,,! ,,g5]al            
#aja           ,v4 ,,suit+ ,,!          
,,occasion              #ajh            
,,vi4 ,,enc\ragem5t ,,( ,,! ,,troops    
#aaf          ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,w>       
,,introduction      ,i    ,writt5 9 !   
fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 ,suntzu & ,wutzu    
/ill rema9 !  mo/ celebrat$ works on w> 
9 ! lit]ature ( ,*9a4 ,:ile !  *>iot has

 gone1 & weapons h *ang$1 ^! anci5t     
ma/]s h  held _! own1 s9ce !y deal      
*iefly ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciples  ( w>1 )
 ! influ5ce ( politics & human nature on
 milit>y  op]ations2 & !y %[ 9 a mo/    
/rik+ way h[ un*ang+ ^!  pr9ciples are4 
,:5 ^! books 7 writt51 ,*9a 0 a         
conglom]ate (  pr9cipalities 9 cont9ual 
f]m5t4 ,p]sonal ambition & intrigue1  & 
n ! wi%es ( ! p1 7 ! ma9 factors 9 ^!   
w>s4  ,patriotism1 or a popul> cause1   
c\ld n1 !re=e1 be reli$ on  to ma9ta9 ! 
moral ( ! levies4 ,in/ead ( ^!1 :at may 
be  call$ ! =ce ( despair is po9t$ out z
 ! mo/ p[]ful ag5t  9 giv+ cohesion &   
en]gy to an army4 ,! g5]al is urg$ to   
take a vigor\s (f5sive2 & to act at a   
di/ance f 8 base1  :]e defeat means     
disa/]1 & :]e des]tion is m9imis$ ow+ to
  ! di/ance f home4 ,he %\ld1 9 fact1   
burn 8 boats be=e an  action1 or1 9     
,*9ese phrase1 act z "o :o removes !    
ladd] f  "u ^? m\nt$ ^u ! ro(4    ,on ! 
o!r h&1 e c>e mu/ be tak5 n to r5d] !   
enemy  desp]ate2 &1 z an in/ance ( ?is1 

,sun obs]ves t an oppon5t  %\ld on no   
acc\nt be completely surr\nd$4 ,a       
loop-hole ( escape  weak5s ! resolution 
( ! g5]al & ! en]gy ( 8 troops4    ,x is
 int]e/+ to notice t moral1 or ! _s ( ! 
troops1  is ?us consid]$ a det]m9+      
factor 9 w>4 ,! ,*9ese are  p]haps      
unusually affect$ by climatic           
conditions4 ,z is well kn[n1  ! umbrella
 0 "p ( a soldi]'s equipm5t2 & = ! same 
reasons1 ! sunny side ( high gr\nd is   
recomm5d$ z mo/ suitable  = def5ce1     
tactical consid]ations p]mitt+4    ,!   
l>ge numb] ( bann]m5 9 ! ,*9ese army 0  
out ( all  proportion to ! s]vice (     
/&>ds 9 provid+ rally+ po9ts4  ,! *ief  
use ( bann]s 0 to ma9ta9 ! _s ( !       
troops4  ,a =e/ ( bann]s1 held erect1   
gave a feel+ ( livel9ess &  security to 
! ranks1 9 ! same way z a milit>y b&1 & 
:5 ,sun  rem>ks t ! m>* ( an army %\ld  
be calm l ! =e/1 he is  us+ a simile t  
is n inappropriate4    ,probably ow+ to 
! fact t ! pr(ession ( arms has nev] be5
  highly reg>d$ 9 ,*9a1 we f9d t ! rul] 

( ! /ate did n  usually take ! field1 b 
employ$ a pr(essional to comm& !        
army--"o ( ! ma/]s ( w> :o w&]$ f /ate  
to /ate at  t "t ) ! secrets ( victory  
to imp>t to ! highe/ bidd]4  ,! "q (    
political int]f]5ce ) ! g5]al 9 ! field 
naturally arises "u ^! conditions4 ,!   
two sages po9t out1 t  to unite ! nation
 "u firm & j gov]nm5t is ! bus9ess (  ! 
rul] & necess>y to victory2 b t ! g5]al 
is ! be/  judge ( ! que/ions t arise on 
a di/ant field1 & t all  int]f]5ce ) him
 causes delay & disa/]4    ,w> mean+    
ravage1 x 0 ess5tial t ! op]ations %\ld 
be  conduct$ 9 ! enemy's t]ritory4 ,once
 !re1 h[ev]1 a vigor\s  (f5sive is no   
long] advis$4 ,at fir/ behave ) !       
discretion (  a maid5 is ! c\nsel (     
,sun4 ,! enemy mu/ be induc$ to take !  
initiative1 & :5 he is worn out by m>*+1
 or makes a false move1  !n1 says !     
ma/]1 d>t 9 l a rabbit4    ,unlike !    
tactics ( ! ,japanese1 9 :om ! _s (     
attack  burns s /rongly1 ^? ( ,suntzu & 
,wutzu are ess5tially (  !              

(f5sive-def5sive ord]--manoeuvre be=e   
fight+1 &  non-committal until ! enemy  
has %[n 8 h&4 ,! bus9ess ( !  g5]al is  
to avoid enc\nt] 9 battle until ! enemy 
is no long]  capable ( (f]+ a successful
 resi/ance4    ,! ma/]s d n make1 h[ev]1
 ! mi/ake ( advocat+ a passive          
def5sive4 ,suntzu lays d[n t ! division 
( ! =ces :i* ?is  /rategy involves1 is  
to be ev]y:]e weak1 r5d]+ ! army liable 
to be tak5 9 detail by ! conc5trat$ =ces
 ( ! enemy4 ,x is  r ! def5ce :i* avoids
 battle by mobility & manoeuvre1        
induces ! enemy by /ratagem to divide 8 
=ces1 or act 9  con=mity ) our wi%es1 & 
!n falls ^u him4    ,) reg>d to !       
tactics ( ! battlefield1 ! pit*$ battle1
  or1 9 o!r words1 ! frontal attack1 is 
consid]$ unwor?y ( !  skilful g5]al4 ,! 
plan ( attack %\ld consi/1 broadly      
speak+1  9 ! division ( ! army into two 
=ces4 ,! enemy is attract$  & engag$ by 
"o =ce1 & defeat$ ) ! o!r2 & "h we  h ! 
conta9+ or second>y attack1 & ! ma9 or  
res]ve =ce  :i* decides ! battle (      

to-day--a mo/ /rik+ in/ance ( !         
cont9uity ( milit>y pr9ciples4          
,consid]able space is devot$ to !       
influ5ce ( gr\nd on w>4 ,!  passage (   
defiles & riv]s is /ill conduct$ 9 !    
same way4 ,!  _m l>ge riv]s ( ,*9a      
naturally affect$ milit>y op]ations2 &1 
among o!r axioms1 x is laid d[n t !     
passage ( a riv] %\ld  n be disput$1 z !
 enemy w probably give up ! attempt1 &  
make ! passage unt\*$ at "s o!r po9t1 b 
t he %\ld  be attack$ :5 half 8 =ce is  
across ! /ream4 ,aga91 an army  %\ld n  
encamp on a riv] bel[ ! enemy1 z x is   
!reby liable  to be inundat$1 or to h   
its wat] poison$2 or ! enemy may come   
d[n /ream & make a sudd5 attack4        
,:ile bo? writ]s 7 pr(essional soldi]s1 
!y %[ a f9e  dis9t]e/$ness by repeat$ly 
po9t+ out t ev5 successful  w> br+s evil
 9 its tra94 ,wu rem>ks t few are ^? :o 
h  ga9$ p[] on e>? by _m victories1 & he
 is insi/5t t w>  %\ld n be und]tak5    
until a c>eful comp>ison ( ! two sides  
%[s t victory is c]ta92 & he adds1 ,!   

army :i* conqu]s  makes c]ta9 ( victory 
& !n attacks1 :ile ! army t is  defeat$ 
fights 9 ! hope ( success4    ,h5ce !   
importance !y assign to intellig5ce ( ! 
enemy1 & to  ! spy2 & z ! sages dealt ) 
w> betwe5 memb]s ( ! same  race1 ! "w ( 
spies 0 greatly facilitat$4 ,! spy 0    
treat$  ) great hon\r by 8 c\ntrym51 & !
 fact t _m ( !  national h]oes ( ,*9a 7 
spies1 %[s t ! "p t !y  play$ 0 n       
=gott54 ,!y frequ5tly toil$ = ye>s1 &   
rose  to high rank 9 ! enemy's s]vice2 &
 ?us1 by wrong c\nsel & by  spread+     
mi/ru/ 9 8 ranks1 !y became a two-edg$  
sword 9 !  h&s ( ! g5]al4 ,wond]ful1    
inde$1 is _! p[]1 exclaims  ,sun2 b he  
also rem9ds u t _! managem5t is ! mo/   
difficult  & delicate duty ( ! g5]al4   
,,ii    ,sun & ,wu are p]haps held 9 ev5
 great] rev]5ce 9 ,japan ?an  9 ,*9a1   
:]e w> is look$ ^u z a tr\blesome phase 
9 national  life1 & victory 9 battle is 
n consid]$ ! greate/ a*ievem5t  ( a     
/ate4 ,f> o!rwise is x 9 ,japan2 &      
successive g5]ations  ( h] soldi]s h be5

 br\ght up on ,sun & ,wu4 ,l o!r arts1  
my/]y 0 =m]ly suppos$ to surr\nd ! art (
 w>1 a belief t  0 enc\rag$ by !        
/rategi/2 & = a consid]able "t1 ! few   
copies ( ?is book1 t 7 br\ght ov] f ,*9a
 to ,japan1 7  jeal\sly gu>d$ by _!     
possessors4 ,lat]1 z !y became kn[n1 an 
army ( ,japanese comm5tators arose--=   
,*9ese lit]ature is ?\ght  compress$1 to
 be unfold$ 9 ! m9d ( ! read]4          
,to-day ,sun & ,wu h giv5 way to !      
sci5tific works ( ,european  writ]s1 b  
_! say+s h become prov]bs1 & _! influ5ce
  und\bt$ly help$ ! ,japanese to victory
 9 ! late w>4 ,belief  9 ! importance ( 
a k ( ! enemy & 8 res\rces1 (           
prep>ation & tra9+1 _h gr[n out ( a long
 /udy ( ^!  anci5t ma/]s2 & s9ce x 0 !  
vital importance ( a successful  issue  
to ! ,japanese :i*1 aft] all1 fir$ _!   
resolution &  c>ri$ !m ?r\gh1 !y prov$ !
 sage's words t x is !  en]gy1 born (   
despair1 t w9s ! victory4      ,,iii    
,little is kn[n ( ! life ( ei!r ma/]4   
,!y 7 9 no s5se  patriots b pr(essional 

/rategi/s1 cont9ually *ang+ _!  employ]4
 ,*9ese hi/ory tells a fam\s /ory ab\t  
,sun4 ,a c]ta9  rul] ask$ ,sun to give a
 practical demon/ration ( 8 pr9ciples 9 
! neighb\rhood ( ! palace1 & entru/$ him
 ) ! wom5 (  ! c\rt = ?is purpose4 ,dur+
 ! op]ations1 ! lead] ( "o (  ! sides   
did n obey ! ma/]'s in/ructions1 & h]   
execution 0  ord]$4 ,%e happ5$ to be !  
k+'s fav\rite wife1 b ,sun po9t$  out t 
! k+'s wi% t h] life %\ld be sp>$ 0 a   
case (  political int]f]5ce ) ! g5]al 9 
! field2 & ! s5t5ce  0 c>ri$ out4    ,wu
 is repres5t$ z a p]son ( l[ moral "*4  
,on two sep>ate  occasions1 = fe> ( giv+
 rise to suspicion1 he kill$ "o ( 8     
wives :o belong$ to a /ate ) :i* 8      
employ] at ! "t 0  at w>2 &1 grav] /ill 
9 ! eyes ( ! ,*9ese hi/orian1 he 0  n   
pres5t at ! dea?-b$ ( 8 "m4             
,e4 ,f4 ,c4      ,,note4    ,!          
translator is indebt$ to ,major ,j4 ,c4 
,som]ville = 8 k9d help  & criticism4   
,,! ,,articles ,,( ,,suntzu          ,i 
,,prelim9>y ,,reckon+      ,! words (   

,sun ! ,ma/]3--    ,to all nations ,w>  
is a great matt]4 ,^u ! army dea? or    
life  dep5d3 x is ! means ( ! exi/5ce or
 de/ruction ( ! ,/ate4    ,!re=e x mu/  
be dilig5tly /udi$4    ,n[1 9 w>1       
besides /ratagem & ! situation1 !re are 
five  indisp5sable matt]s4 ,! fir/ is   
call$ ,! ,way2#a ! second1  ,heav52 !   
?ird1 ,e>?2 ! f\r?1 ! ,lead]2 ! fif?1   
,law4    ,! ,way or ! prop] conduct (   
man4 ,if ! rul+ au?ority be  upright1 ! 
p are unit$3 fe>less ( dang]1 _! lives  
are at  ! s]vice ( _! ,"l4    ,heav54   
,y9 & ,yang2#b heat & cold2 "t & season4
    ,e>?4 ,di/ance2 nature2 ext5t2      
/rategic position4    ,! ,lead]4        
,intellig5ce2 tru?2 b5evol5ce2 c\rage & 
/rictness4    ,law4 ,p>tition & ord]+ ( 
troops4    ,^! ?+s mu/ be kn[n by !     
lead]3 to "k !m is to conqu]2  to "k !m 
n is to be defeat$4    ,fur!r1 ) reg>d  
to ^! & ! foll[+ sev5 matt]s1 !         
condition ( ! enemy mu/ be comp>$ ) our 
own4    ,! sev5 matt]s are3--    ,!     
virtue ( ! pr9ce2 ! ability ( ! g5]al2  

natural  advantages2 ! discipl9e ( !    
armies2 ! /r5g? ( ! soldi]s2  tra9+ ( ! 
soldi]s2 ju/ice bo? 9 rew>d & puni%m5t4 
,kn[+ ^! ?+s1 ,i c =etell ! victor4     
,if a g5]al "u me fight accord+ to my   
plans1 he always conqu]s1  & ,i cont9ue 
to employ him2 if he diff] f my plans1  
he w be  defeat$ & dismiss$ f my s]vice4
    ,:]e=e1 ) reg>d to ! =ego+1 consid]+
 t ) u  lies ! advantage1 & ! g5]als    
agree+1 we create a situation  :i*      
promises victory2 b z ! mom5t & me?od _c
 be fix$  be=eh&1 ! plan mu/ be modifi$ 
accord+ to circum/ances4    ,w> is a ?+ 
( pret5ce3 !re=e1 :5 capable ( action1  
we  pret5d disability2 :5 ne> to !      
enemy1 we pret5d to be f>2 :5  f> away1 
we pret5d to be ne>4    ,allure ! enemy 
by giv+ him a small advantage4 ,confuse 
& capture  him4 ,if !re be defects1 give
 an appe>ance ( p]fection1 & awe !      
enemy4 ,pret5d to be /rong1 & s cause ! 
enemy to avoid y4 ,make  him angry1 &   
confuse 8 plans4 ,pret5d to be inf]ior1 
& cause him  to despise y4 ,if he h     

sup]abundance ( /r5g?1 tire him out2  if
 unit$1 make divisions 9 8 camp4 ,attack
 weak po9ts1 & appe>  9 unexpect$       
places4    ,^! are ! secrets ( !        
successful /rategi/1 !re=e !y mu/  n be 
made kn[n be=eh&4    ,at ! reckon+ 9 !  
,sanctu>y be=e fight+1 victory is to !  
side t excels 9 ! =ego+ matt]s4 ,!y t h 
_m (  ^! w conqu]2 !y t h few w n       
conqu]2 hopeless1  inde$1 are !y t h    
none4    ,if ! condition ( bo? sides )  
reg>d to ^! matt]s be kn[n1 ,i  c =etell
 ! victor4          ,,ii    ,,op]ations 
,,( ,,w>      ,sun ! ,ma/] said3--      
,n[ ! requirem5ts ( w> are su* t we ne$ 
a ?\s& light  *>iots ) f\r horses ea*2 a
 ?\s& lea!r-cov]$ *>iots1  & "o hundr$  
?\s& arm\r$ m52 & we mu/ s5d supplies to
  di/ant fields4 ,:]e=e ! co/ at home & 
9 ! field1 !  ent]ta9m5t ( gue/s1 glue &
 lacqu] = repairs1 & necessities  = !   
upkeep ( waggons & arm\r are su* t 9 "o 
day a  ?\s& pieces ( gold are sp5t4 ,) t
 am\nt a =ce ( "o  hundr$ ?\s& m5 c be  
rais$3--y h ! in/rum5ts (  victory4     

,b1 ev5 if victori\s1 let ! op]ations   
long cont9ue1 & !  soldi]s' ard\r       
decreases1 ! weapons become worn1 &1 if 
a siege be  und]tak51 /r5g? disappe>s4  
,aga91 if ! w> la/ long1 ! c\ntry's     
means d n suffice4  ,!n1 :5 ! soldi]s   
are worn out1 weapons blunt$1 /r5g? gone
  & funds sp5t1 neighb\r+ pr9ces arise &
 attack t weak5$  c\ntry4 ,at su* a "t !
 wise/ man _c m5d ! matt]4    ,=1 :ile  
quick accompli%m5t has be5 kn[n to give 
! victory to  ! unskilful1 ! skilful    
g5]al has nev] ga9$ advantage f  l5g?y  
op]ations4    ,9 fact1 !re nev] has be5 
a c\ntry :i* has b5efit$ f a  prolong$  
w>4    ,he :o does n "k ! evils ( w> w n
 reap advantage !reby4  ,he :o is       
skilful 9 w> does n make a second levy1 
does n load 8  supply waggons ?rice4    
,w> mat]ial & arms we obta9 f home1 b   
food suffici5t = !  army's ne$s c be    
tak5 f ! enemy4    ,! co/ ( supply+ !   
army 9 di/ant fields is ! *ief dra9  on 
! res\rces ( a /ate3 if ! w> be di/ant1 
! citiz5s are  impov]i%$4    ,9 !       

neighb\rhood ( an army prices are high1 
& s ! money  ( ! soldi]s & foll[]s is   
us$ up4 ,likewise ! /ate funds  are     
exhau/$1 & frequ5t levies mu/ be made2 !
 /r5g? ( !  army is dissipat$1 money is 
sp5t1 ! citiz5's home swept b>e3 9  all1
 sev5-t5?s ( 8 income is =feit$4 ,aga91 
z reg>ds ,/ate  prop]ty1 *>iots are     
brok51 horses worn out1 arm\r & helmet1 
arr[ & b[1 spe>1 %ield1 pike & fight+   
t[]1 waggon & ox5  us$ & gone1 s t      
six-t5?s ( ! ,gov]nm5t's income is sp5t4
    ,!re=e ! intellig5t g5]al /rives to 
fe$ on ! enemy2 "o  bale ( ! enemy's    
rice c\nts z tw5ty f our own waggons2 "o
  bundle ( ! enemy's =age is bett] ?an  
tw5ty ( our own4    ,incitem5t mu/ be   
giv5 to vanqui% ! enemy4    ,!y :o take 
advantage ( ! enemy %\ld be rew>d$4     
,!y :o are ! fir/ to lay _! h&s on m ?an
 t5 ( !  enemy's *>iots %\ld be rew>d$2 
! enemy's /&>d on !  *>iots ex*ang$ =   
our own2 ! captur$ *>iots mix$ ) our    
own *>iots & tak5 into use4    ,!       
accompany+ w>riors mu/ be treat$ well1 s

 t1 :ile !  enemy is beat51 our side    
increases 9 /r5g?4    ,n[ ! object ( w> 
is victory2 n l5g?y op]ations1 ev5      
skilfully conduct$4    ,! good g5]al is 
! "l ( ! p's lives1 ! gu>dian ( !       
c\ntry's welf>e4          ,,iii    ,,!  
,,attack ,,by ,,/ratagem      ,sun !    
,ma/] said3--    ,n[ by ! laws ( w>1    
bett] ?an defeat+ a c\ntry by fire & !  
sword1 is to take x )\t /rife4    ,bett]
 to capture ! enemy's army intact ?an to
 ov]come x aft]  fi]ce resi/ance4       
,bett] to capture ! ,lu1#c ! ,tsu or !  
,wu :ole1 ?an to  de/roy !m 9 battle4   
,to fight & conqu] "o hundr$ times is n 
! p]fection (  atta9m5t1 = ! supreme art
 is to subdue ! enemy )\t fight+4       
,:]e=e ! mo/ skilful w>rior outwits !   
enemy by sup]ior  /ratagem2 ! next 9    
m]it prev5ts ! enemy f unit+ 8  =ces2   
next to him is he :o engages ! enemy's  
army2 :ile to  besiege 8 citadel is !   
wor/ exp$i5t4    ,a siege %\ld n be     
und]tak5 if x c possibly be avoid$4 ,=1 
be=e a siege c be comm5c$1 ?ree mon?s   

are requir$ = !  con/ruction ( /ages1   
batt]+-rams & siege eng9es2 !n a  fur!r 
?ree mon?s are requir$ 9 front ( !      
citadel1 9 ord] to  make ! ,*uy94#d     
,:]e=e ! g5]al is ang]$1 8 pati5ce      
exhau/$1 8 m5 surge l ants aga9/ !      
ramp>ts be=e !  "t is ripe1 & "o-?ird ( 
!m are kill$ to no purpose4 ,su* are  ! 
mis=tunes t sieges entail4    ,!re=e !  
ma/] ( w> causes ! enemy's =ces to      
yield1 b  )\t fight+2 he captures 8     
=tress1 b )\t besieg+  x2 & )\t l5g?y   
fight+ takes ! enemy's k+dom4 ,)\t      
t>ni%+ 8 weapons he ga9s ! complete     
advantage4    ,?is is ! assault by      
/ratagem4    ,by ! rules ( w>1 if t5    
times z /rong z ! enemy1 surr\nd him2  )
 five times 8 /r5g?1 attack2 ) d\ble 8  
numb]s1 divide4  ,if equal 9 /r5g?1 ex]t
 to ! utmo/1 & fight2 if inf]ior 9      
numb]s1 manoeuvre & await ! opportunity2
 if altoge!r inf]ior1  (f] no *ance (   
battle4 ,a det]m9$ /& by inf]ior numb]s 
does  b lead to _! capture4    ,! w>rior
 is ! c\ntry's support4 ,if 8 aid be    

entire1 ! c\ntry  is ( necessity /rong2 
if x be at all defici5t1 !n is ! c\ntry 
weak4    ,n[ a pr9ce may emb>rass 8 army
 9 ?ree ways1 namely3--    ,ignorant t !
 army 9 ! field %\ld n advance1 to ord] 
x to  g =w>d2 or1 ignorant t ! army %\ld
 n retreat1 ord] x to  retire4    ,?is  
is to tie ! army z ) a /r+4    ,ignorant
 ( milit>y affairs1 to rule ! armies 9 !
 same way z !  /ate4    ,?is is to      
p]plex ! soldi]s4    ,ignorant ( !      
situation ( ! army1 to settle its       
dispositions4    ,?is is to fill !      
soldi]s ) di/ru/4    ,if ! army be      
p]plex$ & di/ru/ful1 !n dang]s f        
neighb\r+  pr9ces arise4 ,! army is     
conf\nd$1 & (f]$ up to ! enemy4    ,!re 
are five occasions :5 victory c be      
=etold3--    ,:5 ! g5]al kn[s ! "t to   
fight & :5 n to fight2 or  und]/&s :5 to
 employ l>ge or small numb]s2 :5        
gov]nm5t  & p are ( "o m9d2 :5 ! /ate is
 prep>$1 & *ooses  ! enemy's ungu>d$    
mom5t = attack2 :5 ! g5]al possesses    
ability1 & is n int]f]$ ) by 8 pr9ce4   

,^! five ?+s are ! h]alds ( victory4    
,x has be5 said a=etime t he :o kn[s bo?
 sides has no?+  to fe> 9 a hundr$      
fights2 he :o is ignorant ( ! enemy1 &  
fixes 8 eyes only on 8 own side1        
conqu]s1 & ! next "t is  defeat$2 he :o 
n only is ignorant ( ! enemy1 b also ( 8
 own  res\rces1 is inv>iably defeat$4   
,,iv    ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,battle         
,sun ! ,ma/] said3--    ,! anci5t ma/]s 
( w> fir/ made _! armies inv9cible1 !n  
wait$ until ! adv]s>y c\ld ) c]ta9ty be 
defeat$4    ,! causes ( defeat come f   
)92 victory is born 9 ! enemy's  camp4  
,skilful soldi]s make defeat impossible1
 & fur!r r5d] ! enemy  incapable (      
victory4    ,b1 z x is writt51 !        
conditions necess>y = victory may be    
pres5t1 b !y _c always be obta9$4    ,if
 victory be unatta9able1 we /& on !     
def5sive2 if victory be  sure1 we       
attack4    ,defici5cy compels def5ce2   
sup]-abundance p]mits attack4    ,!     
skilful 9 def5ce cr\*1 hidd5 9 ! deepe/ 
%ades2 !  skilful 9 attack pu% to !     

topmo/ heav54#e    ,if ^! precepts be   
obs]v$1 victory is c]ta94    ,a victory1
 ev5 if popul>ly proclaim$ z su* by !   
common folk1 may  n be a true success4  
,to w9 9 fight1 & = ! k+dom to say1     
,well done1 does n m>k ! summit (       
atta9m5t4 ,to lift an autumn  fleece#f  
is no pro( ( /r5g?2 ! eyes t only see ! 
sun &  moon are n ! eagle's2 to he> !   
?und] is no great ?+4    ,z has be5 said
 a=etime1 ! able w>rior ga9s ! victory  
)\t  desp]ate & bloody engagem5ts1 & w9s
 !reby no reputation =  wisdom or brave 
de$s4 ,to fight is to w91 = he attacks  
only :5 !  enemy has s[n ! se$s (       
defeat4    ,moreov]1 ! skilful soldi] 9 
a secure position does n let pass  !    
mom5t :5 ! enemy %\ld be attack$4    ,! 
army t conqu]s makes c]ta9 ( victory1 & 
!n seeks battle4    ,! army de/9$ to    
defeat1 fights1 tru/+ t *ance may br+   
success to its arms4    ,! skilful lead]
 is /eadfa/ 9 ! ,way2 upholds ! ,law1 & 
!reby controls ! issue4    ,t\*+ ! laws 
( w>1 x is said3 fir/1 ! rule2 second1 !

  measure2 ?ird1 ! tables2 f\r?1 !      
scales2 fif?1 ! =etell+  ( victory4     
,= ! rule is ! survey ( l&2 ! measure   
tells ! am\nt (  t l&'s produce2 !      
tables its population2 f ! scales _!    
weight or quality is made kn[n2 & !n c  
we calculate victory or  defeat4    ,!  
army t conqu]s z aga9/ ! army de/9$ to  
defeat1 is z a  beam aga9/ a fea!r 9 !  
scales4 ,! attack ( conqu]+ =ces  is z !
 outbur/ ( long-p5t-up wat]s into sunk5 
valleys4    ,su* are ! ord]s ( battle4  
,v    ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,troops         
,sun ! ,ma/] said3--    ,! control (    
l>ge numb]s is possible1 & l unto t (   
small  numb]s1 if we subdivide !m4      
,by means ( drum1 bell & flag1#g !      
direction ( l>ge =ces 9  battle is      
possible1 & l unto ! direction ( small  
=ces4    ,by ! skilful int]*ange (      
normal & abnormal manoeuvres are !      
armies c]ta9ly pres]v$ f defeat4    ,!  
enemy is cru%$1 l ! fall ( a gr9d/one ^u
 an egg1 by  k ( 8 /r5g? & weakness1 &  
by ! employm5t ( tru?  & artifice4      

,moreov]1 9 battle ! enemy is engag$ ) !
 normal & defeat$  by ! abnormal =ce4#h 
,! abnormal =ce1 skilfully h&l$1 is l ! 
heav5 & e>?1  et]nal2 z ! tides & ! fl[ 
( riv]s1 unceas+2 l ! sun  & moon1 = ev]
 int]*ang+2 com+ & pass+1 z ! seasons4  
,!re are five notes2 b by comb9ations1  
innum]able h>monies are  produc$4 ,!re  
are b five col\rs2 b if we mix !m1 !    
%ades  are inf9ite4 ,!re are five ta/es1
 b if we mix !m !re are m  flav\rs ?an !
 palate c di/+ui%4#i    ,9 w> !re are b 
two =ces1 ! normal & ! abnormal2 b !y   
are capable ( inf9ite v>iation4 ,_!     
mutual int]*ange is l a  :eel1 hav+     
nei!r beg9n+ or end4 ,!y are a my/]y t  
none  c p5etrate4    ,z ! ru% (         
rock-%\ld]+ torr5ts1 s is ! _s ( !      
troops4    ,l ! well-judg$ flight ( !   
falcon1 9 a fla% cru%+ its  qu>ry1 s    
%\ld ! /roke be tim$4    ,:]e=e ! _s ( !
 good fight] is t]rify+1 8 occasions    
sudd52 l ! /ret*$ cross-b[1 ^: /r+ is   
releas$ at !  t\* ( ! trigg]4    ,9 !   
maze & tumult ( ! battle1 !re is no     

confusion2 9 !  ?ick ( action ! battle  
array is imp5etrable4    ,if discipl9e  
be p]fect1 disord] c be simulat$2 if    
truly bold1 we  c feign fe>2 if really  
/rong1 we c feign weakness4    ,we      
simulate disord] by subdivision2 fe>1 by
 _s2 weakness1 by  battle =mation4      
,we set ! enemy 9 motion by adopt+      
diff]5t =mations to :i* he  mu/ con=m4  
,if we (f] ! enemy a po9t ( advantage1  
he w c]ta9ly take x3  we give him an    
advantage1 set him 9 motion & !n fall ^u
 him4    ,:]e=e ! good fight] seeks     
victory f _s1 & does n  dep5d entirely  
^u ! skill ( 8 m54 ,he is c>eful 9 8    
*oice1  & leaves ! re/ to battle =ce2   
yet1 :5 an op5+ or advantage  %[s1 he   
pu%es x to its limits4    ,z a log or   
rock :i*1 motionless on flat gr\nd1 yet 
moves )  ev]-increas+ =ce :5 set on an  
incl9e1 s await ! opportunity1  & s act 
:5 ! opportunity arrives4    ,if ! g5]al
 be skilful1 ! _s ( 8 troops is z !     
impetus  ( a r\nd /one roll$ f ! top ( a
 high m\nta94          ,,vi             

,,empt9ess ,,& ,,/r5g?      ,sun ! ,ma/]
 said3--    ,to be ! fir/ 9 ! field1 &  
!re to await ! enemy1 is to  husb&      
/r5g?4    ,to be late1 & hurry+ to      
advance to meet ! foe1 is exhau/+4    ,!
 good fight] contrives to make ! enemy  
approa*2 he does n  all[ himself to be  
beguil$ by ! enemy4    ,by (f]+ an      
app>5t advantage1 he induces ! enemy to 
take up a  position t w cause 8 defeat2 
he plants ob/ructions to dissuade  him f
 act+ 9 su* a way z to ?reat5 8 own     
dispositions4    ,if ! enemy be at re/ 9
 com=table qu>t]s1 h>ass him2 if he be  
liv+ 9 pl5ty1 cut (f 8 supplies2 if     
sitt+ compos$ly await+  attack1 cause   
him to move4    ,?is may be done by     
appe>+ :]e ! enemy is n1 & assault+     
unexpect$ po9ts4    ,if we g :]e ! enemy
 is n1 we may g a ?\s& leagues )\t      
exhau/ion4    ,if we attack ^? positions
 :i* ! enemy has n def5d$1 we  inv>iably
 take !m3 b on ! def5ce we mu/ be /rong1
 ev5 :]e  we are n likely to be attack$4
    ,aga9/ ^? skilful 9 attack1 ! enemy 

does n "k :]e to  def5d3 aga9/ ^?       
skilful 9 def5ce1 ! enemy does n "k :]e 
to attack4    ,n[ ! secrets ( ! art (   
(f5ce are n to be easily appreh5d$1  z a
 c]ta9 %ape or noise c be und]/ood1 ( ! 
s5ses2 b :5  ^! secrets are once le>nt1 
! enemy is ma/]$4    ,we attack1 & !    
enemy _c resi/1 because we attack 8     
insuffici5cy2 we retire1 & ! enemy _c   
pursue1 because we  retire too quickly4 
,aga91 :5 we are anxi\s to fight1 b !   
enemy is s]5ely secure  beh9d high walls
 & deep moats2 we attack "s su* o!r     
place t  he mu/ c]ta9ly come out to     
relieve4    ,:5 we d n want to fight1 we
 occupy an un=tifi$ l9e2 &  prev5t !    
enemy f attack+ by keep+ him 9 susp5se4 
,by mak+ fe9ts1 & caus+ ! enemy to be   
unc]ta9 z to our  movem5ts1 we unite1   
:il/ he mu/ divide4    ,we become "o    
body2 ! enemy be+ sep>at$ into t5 p>ts4 
,we  attack ! divid$ t5 ) ! unit$ "o4   
,we are _m1 ! enemy is  few1 & 9        
sup]iority ( numb]s !re is economy (    
/r5g?4    ,! place select$ = attack mu/ 

be kept secret4 ,if ! enemy "k  n :]e he
 w be attack$1 he mu/ prep>e 9 e qu>t]1 
& s  be ev]y:]e weak4    ,if ! enemy    
/r5g!n 8 front1 he mu/ weak5 8 re>2 if  
he  /r5g!n 8 "r1 8 left is weak5$2 & if 
he /r5g!n 8  left1 8 "r is weak5$4      
,ev]y:]e to make prep>ations1 is to be  
ev]y:]e weak4 ,! enemy is  weak5$ by 8  
ext5d$ prep>ations1 & we ga9 9 /r5g?4   
,hav+ decid$ on ! place & day ( attack1 
?\gh ! enemy be a  hundr$ leagues away1 
we c defeat him4    ,if ! gr\nd &       
occasion be n kn[n1 ! front _c help !   
re>2 ! left _c support ! "r1 nor ! "r ! 
left1 nor  ! re> ! front4 ,= on         
occasion1 ! p>ts ( ! army are two  score
 leagues ap>t1 :ile a di/ance ( f\r or  
five leagues is  comp>atively close4    
,! soldi]s ( ,wu#aj are less ?an !      
soldi]s ( ,yueh2 b z  sup]iority 9      
numb]s does n ( necessity br+ victory1  
,i say1  !n1 t we may obta9 ! victory4  
,if ! enemy be _m 9 numb]1 prev5t him f 
tak+ advantage (  8 sup]iority1 &       
asc]ta9 8 plan ( op]ations4 ,provoke !  

enemy & discov] ! /ate ( 8 troops2 fe9t 
& discov] !  /r5g? ( 8 position4 ,flap !
 w+s1 & unmask 8 suffici5cy or          
insuffici5cy4 ,by con/ant fe9ts &       
excursions1 we may produce on !  enemy  
an impression ( intangibility1 :i* nei!r
 spies nor art c  dispel4    ,! g5]al   
makes 8 plans 9 accordance ) !          
dispositions (  ! enemy1 & puts 8 ho/s 9
 motion2 b ! multitude _c  appreciate ! 
g5]al's int5tion2 !y see ! signs (      
victory1 b  !y _c discov] ! means4      
,if a victory be ga9$ by a c]ta9        
/ratagem1 d n repeat x4 ,v>y  ! /ratagem
 accord+ to circum/ances4    ,an army   
may be lik5$ to wat]4    ,wat] leaves   
dry ! high places1 & seeks ! holl[s4 ,an
 army turns  f /r5g? & attacks empt9ess4
    ,! fl[ ( wat] is regulat$ by ! %ape 
( ! gr\nd2 victory is  ga9$ by act+ 9   
accordance ) ! /ate ( ! enemy4    ,!    
%ape ( wat] is indet]m9ate2 likewise !  
_s ( w> is n  fix$4    ,! lead] :o      
*anges 8 tactics 9 accordance ) 8       
adv]s>y1  & !reby controls ! issue1 may 

be call$ ! ,god ( w>4    ,among ! five  
elem5ts#aa !re is no settl$ prec$5ce2 ! 
f\r  seasons come & g2 ! days are long &
 %ort2 & ! moon waxes  & wanes4 ,s 9 w> 
!re is no fixity4          ,,vii        
,,battle ,,tactics      ,sun ! ,ma/]    
said3--    ,= ! mo/ "p1 milit>y proc$ure
 is z foll[s3--    ,! g5]al receives    
ord]s f 8 "l2 assembles & settles       
h>mony among ! =ces1 & takes ! field4   
,!re is no?+ m difficult ?an ,battle    
,tactics4 ,_! difficulty  lies 9 !      
calculation ( "t & di/ance1 & ! rev]sal 
(  mis=tune4    ,to make ! enemy take a 
circuit\s r\te by a %[ ( ga91 & !n1     
:il/ />t+ aft] him1 to arrive be=e him1 
is to be a ma/] (  ! art ( manoeuvre4   
,! op]ations ( an army may reap         
advantage2 ! wrangles ( a  multitude are
 fraught ) p]il4    ,employ+ our :ole   
=ce at "o "t 9 ord] to ga9 advantage ov]
  ! enemy1 we may n h "t en\gh to ga9   
our object4 ,if we pu%  on ) a portion (
 ! =ce only1 ! transport is lo/4        
,disc>d+  helmet & arm\r2 /opp+ nei!r   

day nor night2 m>*+ d\ble  di/ance2 do+ 
d\ble "w2 & f9ally cont5d+ ) ! enemy at 
a di/ance ( a hundr$ leagues3 results 9 
! loss ( ! g5]al4  ,s9ce ! /rong m5     
arrive fir/1 & ! tir$ drop 9 re>1 only  
"o-t5? ( ! =ces is available4    ,a =c$ 
m>* ( fifty leagues to secure an        
advantage may result 9  failure to !    
lead] ( ! vangu>d1 = only half 8 m5 w   
arrive4    ,aft] a =c$ m>* ( ?irty      
leagues to secure an advantage1 only    
two-?irds ( ! army w be available4      
,fur!r1 a lack ( ammunition1 ( supplies1
 or ( /ores1 may lead to  disa/]4    ,! 
rul] :o is ignorant ( ! designs (       
neighb\r+ pr9ces1  _c treat ) !m4    ,he
 :o is ignorant ( m\nta9 & =e/1 defile &
 m>%1 _c  lead an army4    ,he :o does n
 employ a guide1 _c ga9 advantage f !   
gr\nd4    ,disguise y\r movem5ts2 await 
a fav\rable opportunity2 divide or      
unite accord+ to circum/ance4    ,let   
y\r attack be swift z ! w9d2 y\r m>*    
calm l !  =e/2#ab y\r occupation        
deva/at+ z fire4 ,9 def5ce1 z a  m\nta9 

re/ firm2 l d>kness imp5etrable to !    
enemy4 ,let y\r  movem5ts be swift z !  
lightn+4    ,let z _m z possible take "p
 9 ! plund]3 di/ribute ! pr(it  f !     
captur$ t]ritory4    ,s he :o und]/&s ! 
crook$ & ! /raight way conqu]s4    ,^!  
are ! me?ods ( ,battle ,tactics4        
,accord+ to ! anci5t books on w>1 ! drum
 & bell are us$1  because ! voice does n
 c>ry2 ! flag is us$ to assi/ !  sight4 
,! use ( bell1 drum1 bann] & flag is to 
attract ! unit$  att5tion ( eye & e>4   
,:5 all are unit$1 ! /rong are n left to
 g =w>d alone1  ! c[>dly are n free to  
retreat unre/rict$4 ,9 ?is way c a      
multitude be us$4    ,!re=e 9 night     
fight+1 beacons & drums are l>gely us$2 
9 day  fight+1 a great numb] ( bann]s & 
flags & ! enemy's eyes &  e>s are       
conf\nd$4    ,we ?us awe 8 army1 &      
defeat 8 g5]al's ambition4    ,9 ! morn+
 ! spirits are ke52 at midday !re is a  
laz9ess2 9  ! ev5+ a desire to return4  
,:]e=e1 he :o uses 8 soldi]s  well1     
avoids ! "t :5 ! spirits are ke52 b     

attacks ! enemy  :5 he is languid or    
seek+ 8 camp4    ,?us %\ld ! nature (   
en]gy be turn$ to acc\nt4    ,to oppose 
confusion ) ord]1 clam\r ) quiet1 is to 
h !  he>t "u control4    ,to await an   
enemy f a di/ance1 to oppose hung] )    
satiety1 re/  ) fatigue1 is ! way to    
husb& /r5g?4    ,d n attack :]e l9es (  
bann]s wave1 nor ! s]ri$ ranks (  battle
 spread1 b pati5tly await y\r "t4    ,d 
n attack an enemy on high gr\nd1 nor "o 
:o has high gr\nd at  8 back4 ,d n      
pursue an enemy :o is imitat+ flight2 d 
n attack  a spirit$ enemy4    ,if !     
enemy (f] an allurem5t1 d n take x4     
,d n int]f]e ) an enemy :o has /ruck    
camp1 & is ab\t to  retire4 ,:5 surr\nd+
 an enemy1 all[ him an outlet4 ,d n     
press a  desp]ate enemy4    ,^! are !   
me?ods ( employ+ troops4          ,,viii
    ,,! ,,n9e ,,*anges      ,sun ! ,ma/]
 said3--    ,9 g5]al1 ! proc$ure ( w>   
is3--! ,lead]1 hav+ receiv$  ord]s f 8  
"l1 assembles ! armies4    ,d n camp on 
m>%y or l[-ly+ gr\nd2 ent] into fri5dly 

relations ) neighb\r+ /ates2 d n l+] 9 a
 f> c\ntry2  use /ratagem 9 m\nta9\s &  
wood$ c\ntry2 on dea? gr\nd1 fight4     
,!re are always roads t mu/ be avoid$2  
=ces t mu/ n be  attack$2 ca/les t mu/ n
 be besieg$2 gr\nd t mu/ n be  *os5 =   
enc\nt]2 ord]s f ! "l t mu/ n be obey$4 
,! g5]al :o kn[s ! ,n9e ,*anges und]/&s 
! use ( troops2  on ! contr>y1 he :o    
does n und]/& !m1 c make no use (  8    
topographical k4    ,9 ! managem5t (    
armies1 if ! art ( ! ,n9e ,*anges be    
und]/ood1 a k ( ! ,five ,advantages is (
 no avail4    ,! wise man consid]s well 
bo? advantage & disadvantage4 ,he sees a
  way out ( adv]sity1 & on ! day (      
victory to dang] is n bl9d4    ,9 r$uc+ 
an enemy to submission1 inflict all     
possible damage ^u  him2 make him       
und]take useless adv5tures2 also make   
neighb\r+  rul]s move z y w\ld desire !m
 by tempt+ !m ) ga94    ,:]e=e 9 !      
conduct ( w> d n dep5d on ! enemy's n   
com+1 b rely on y\r own prep>ations2 d n
 c\nt on ! enemy  n attack+ y\r =tress1 

b leave no?+ undef5d$4    ,g5]als mu/ be
 on _! gu>d aga9/ ^! five dang]\s       
faults3--    ,bl9d impetuosity1 :i*     
leads to dea?4    ,ov]-cauti\sness1 :i* 
leads to capture4    ,quick temp]1 :i*  
br+s insult4    ,a too rigid propriety1 
:i* invites disgrace4    ,ov]-reg>d = ! 
troops1 :i* causes inconv5i5ce4    ,^!  
five faults 9 ! lead] are disa/r\s 9 w>4
 ,! ov]?r[ (  ! army & ! slaught] ( !   
g5]al arise f !m4 ,!re=e  !y mu/ be     
c>efully consid]$4          ,,ix        
,,movem5t ,,( ,,troops      ,sun ! ,ma/]
 said3--    ,t\*+ ! disposal ( troops & 
obs]vation ( ! enemy 9  relation to     
m\nta9 w>f>e3--    ,cross m\nta9s & camp
 9 valleys1 select+ positions ( safety4 
,place ! army on high gr\nd1 & avoid an 
enemy 9 high places4    ,9 relation to  
wat]3--    ,aft] cross+ wat]s1 pass on  
imm$iately to a di/ance4 ,:5 !  enemy is
 cross+ a /ream1 d n meet & engage him 9
 ! wat]s1  b /rike :5 half 8 =ce has    
pass$ ov]4 ,d n advance on an  enemy ne>
 wat]1 b place ! army on high gr\nd1 & 9

 safety4    ,d n fight :5 ! enemy is    
betwe5 ! army & ! s\rce ( !  riv]4    ,)
 reg>d to m>%es3--    ,cross salty m>%es
 quickly2 d n l+] ne> !m4    ,if by     
*ance compell$ to fight 9 ! neighb\rhood
 ( a m>%1 seek a  place :]e !re is wat] 
& grass1 & trees 9 pl5ty 9 ! re>4    ,9 
op5 c\ntry place ! army 9 a conv5i5t    
place ) ris+ gr\nd  9 ! "r re>2 s t :ile
 9 front lies dea?1 beh9d !re is        
safety4    ,su* is w> 9 flat c\ntry4    
,huangti1 by obs]v+ ^! ?+s1 ga9$ !      
victory ov] f\r  ,pr9ces4    ,z a rule1 
! soldi]s pref] high gr\nd to l[4 ,!y   
pref] sunny  places to ^? ! sun does n  
rea*4    ,if ! heal? ( ! troops be      
consid]$1 & !y are encamp$ on  high &   
sunny gr\nd1 diseases w be avoid$1 &    
victory made  c]ta94    ,if !re be ris+ 
gr\nd1 encamp on its sunny side & 9     
front (  x2 = !reby ! soldi]s are       
b5efit$1 & ! gr\nd us$ to our           
advantage4    ,if1 ow+ to ra9s 9 ! upp] 
rea*es1 ! riv] become turbul5t1 d  n    
cross until ! wat]s h quiet$4    ,/eep &

 impassable valleys2 well-l places2     
conf9$ places2  tangl$ imp5etrable      
gr\nd2 swamps & bogs2 n>r[ passages )   
pitfalls3--quickly pass f ^!1 & approa* 
!m n4 ,cause !  enemy to approa* ne> to 
!m1 b keep y\rself f ^! places2  face   
!m1 s t ! enemy has !m 9 8 re>4    ,if  
!re be ne> to ! army1 precipices1 ponds1
 m]es1 re$s &  ru%es1 or ?ick =e/s &    
trees1 se>* !m ?or\ghly4 ,^! are  places
 :]e ! enemy is likely to be 9 ambu%4   
,:5 ! enemy is close1 b quiet1 he is    
/rong 9 reliance on natural  def5ces4   
,if ! enemy *all5ge to fight f af>1 he  
wi%es y to advance4    ,if ! enemy be   
encamp$ 9 op5 c\ntry1 x is ) "s special 
object 9 view4    ,movem5t among ! trees
 %[s t ! enemy is advanc+4 ,brok5       
bran*es & trodd5 grass1 z ( ! pass+ ( a 
l>ge ho/1 mu/ be  reg>d$ ) suspicion4   
,! ris+ ( birds %[s an ambu%4    ,/>tl$ 
bea/s %[ t ! enemy is /eal?ily approa*+ 
f  sev]al sides4    ,high1 /raight      
spurts ( du/ betok5 t *>iots are com+4  
,long1 l[ masses ( du/ %[ ! com+ (      

infantry4    ,"h & !re1 ?9 & high       
columns ( du/ are signs t firewood  &   
fodd] are be+ collect$4    ,small cl\ds 
( du/ mov+ to & fro are signs t ! enemy 
is  prep>+ to encamp = a %ort "t4       
,busy prep>ations & smoo? words %[ t !  
enemy is ab\t to  advance to attack4    
,big words1 & ! spurr+ =w>d ( horsem51  
are signs t !  enemy is ab\t to retire4 
,an advance ( ! light *>iots to ! flanks
 ( ! camp is a sign  t ! enemy is com+  
=? to fight4    ,)\t consultation1      
sudd5ly to desire an armi/ice1 is a m>k 
(  ult]ior design4    ,! pass+ to & fro 
( mess5g]s1 & ! =m+ up ( troops1  %[ t !
 enemy has "s movem5t on foot4    ,an   
advance1 foll[$ by sudd5 retirem5t1 is a
 lure to attack4    ,:5 ! enemy use _!  
weapons to re/ ^u1 !y are hungry4    ,if
 ! draw]s ( wat] dr9k at ! riv]1 ! enemy
 is suff]+ f  ?ir/4    ,disreg>d ( booty
 t lies ready at h& is a sign (         
exhau/ion4    ,! clu/]+ ( birds r\nd a  
position %[s t x is unoccupi$4          
,voices call+ 9 ! night betok5 al>m4    

,disord] 9 ! army is a sign t ! g5]al is
 disreg>d$4    ,a *ang+ ab\t ( flags &  
bann]s is a sign t ! army is  unsettl$4 
,if ! (fic]s be angry1 x is because !   
soldi]s are tir$1 &  sl[ to obey4    ,! 
kill+ ( horses = food %[s t ! enemy is  
%ort (  provisions4    ,:5 ! cook+-pots 
are hung up on ! wall & ! soldi]s turn  
n 9 aga91 ! enemy is at an end ( 8      
res\rces4    ,exce$+ graci\sness &      
famili>ity on ! "p ( ! g5]al %[  t he   
has lo/ ! confid5ce ( ! soldi]s4        
,frequ5t rew>ds %[ t discipl9e is at an 
end4    ,frequ5t puni%m5ts are a sign t 
! g5]al is 9 difficulties4    ,! g5]al  
:o fir/ blu/]s1 & !n is obsequi\s1 is   
)\t  p]ception4    ,he :o (f]s apologies
 & ho/ages is anxi\s = a truce4    ,:5  
bo? sides1 eag] = a fight1 face ea* o!r 
= a consid]able  "t1 nei!r advanc+ nor  
retir+1 ! occasion requires ! utmo/     
vigilance & circumspection4    ,numb]s  
are no c]ta9 m>k ( /r5g?4    ,ev5 if    
incapable ( a headlong assault1 if !    
=ces be unit$1 &  ! enemy's condition   

asc]ta9$1 victory is possible4    ,he :o
 )\t tak+ ?\ght makes light ( ! enemy is
 c]ta9 to be  captur$4    ,if a g5]al :o
 is /range to ! troops puni% !m1 !y     
cease to  obey him4 ,if !y are n ob$i5t1
 !y _c be usefully employ$4    ,if !    
troops "k ! g5]al1 b are n affect$ by 8 
puni%m5ts1  !y are useless4    ,by      
humane treatm5t we obta9 ob$i5ce2       
au?ority br+s uni=mity4  ,?us we obta9  
victory4    ,if ! p h be5 tra9$ 9       
ob$i5ce f ! beg9n+1 !y  respect _!      
lead]'s comm&s4    ,if ! p be n e>ly    
tra9$ to ob$i5ce1 !y d n respect  _!    
lead]'s comm&s4    ,ord]s are always    
obey$1 if g5]al & soldi]s are 9 sympa?y4
          ,x    ,,gr\nd      ,sun !     
,ma/] said3--    ,) reg>d to ! diff]5t  
natures ( gr\nd !re are3--    ,op5      
gr\nd2 brok5 gr\nd2 susp5d$ gr\nd2      
defiles2 precipices2 f>  c\ntries4      
,op5 gr\nd is t :]e ei!r side has lib]ty
 ( movem5t3 be  quick to occupy any high
 gr\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood & consid] well  
! l9e ( supplies4    ,brok5 gr\nd4      

,advance is easy1 b retreat f x is      
difficult4 ,"h1  if ! enemy be n prep>$1
 we may w93 b %\ld he be prep>$1  &     
defeat u1 & retreat be impossible1 !n   
!re is disa/]4    ,susp5d$ gr\nd4 ,!    
side t takes ! initiative is "u a       
disadvantage4 ,"h1 if ! enemy (f] "s    
allurem5t1 we %\ld n  advance3 b r1 by  
feign+ retreat1 wait until he has put =?
  half 8 =ce4 ,!n we may attack him )   
advantage4    ,defiles1 make ha/e to    
occupy2 g>rison /rongly & await ! enemy4
  ,%\ld ! enemy be be=e y1 & 9 /r5g?1 d 
n engage him2 b  if !re be unoccupi$    
po9ts1 attack him4    ,9 precipit\s     
gr\nd quickly occupy a position on a    
sunny height1 &  await ! enemy4 ,if !   
enemy be be=e y1 )draw & d n attack     
him4    ,if di/ant f ! enemy1 & ! =ces  
be equal1 to take !  initiative is      
disadvantage\s4    ,n[1 ^! are ! six    
k9ds ( gr\nd4 ,x is ! duty ( g5]als to  
/udy !m4    ,aga91 !re are six          
calamities among ! troops1 aris+1 n f   
defect ( gr\nd1 or lack ( opportunity1 b

 f ! g5]al's  incapacity4    ,^! are3   
repulse1 relaxation1 di/ress1           
disorganisation1 confusion  & r\t4      
,if troops be s5t to attack an enemy (  
equal quality1 b t5 times  _! numb]1 !y 
retire discomfit$4    ,/rong soldi]s )  
weak (fic]s cause relaxation4    ,able  
(fic]s ) feeble soldi]s cause di/ress4  
,enrag$ s5ior (fic]s1 :o fall ^u ! enemy
 )\t ord]s1 &  obey n ! g5]al because he
 does n recognise _! abilities1  produce
 disorganisation4    ,weak & amiable    
g5]als1 ^: directions & lead]%ip are    
vague1  ^: (fic]s' & m5's duties are n  
fix$1 & ^: dispositions  are            
contradictory1 produce confusion4       
,g5]als1 :o are unable to e/imate !     
enemy1 :o oppose small  numb]s to l>ge1 
weakness to /r5g?1 & :o d n put pick$ m5
  9 ! van ( ! army1 cause x to be r\t$4 
,^! six ?+s lead to defeat4 ,x is ! duty
 ( ! g5]al to /udy  !m c>efully4        
,gr\nd is ! h&maid ( victory4           
,ability to e/imate ! enemy1 & plan !   
victory2 an eye =  /eepness1 comm& &    

di/ances3 ^! are ! qualities ( ! good   
g5]al4    ,:osoev] kn[s ^! ?+s1 conqu]s2
 he :o und]/&s !m n1 is  defeat$4    ,if
 victory be c]ta9 f ! milit>y /&po9t1   
fight1 ev5 if !  "l =bid4    ,if defeat 
be c]ta9 f ! milit>y /&po9t1 d n fight1 
ev5  ?\gh ! "l comm&s x4    ,! g5]al :o 
advances1 f no ?\ght ( 8 own glory1 or  
retires1  reg>dless ( puni%m5t2 b only  
/rives = ! p's welf>e1  & 8 "l's        
advantage1 is a treasure to ! /ate4     
,! good g5]al c>es = 8 soldi]s1 & lov+ly
 treats !m z  8 *ildr52 z a consequ5ce  
!y foll[ him ?r\gh deep valleys1  & are 
beside him 9 dea?4    ,nev]!less1       
ov]-c>e = ! soldi]s may cause           
disob$i5ce2  ov]-att5tion may make !m   
uns]viceable2 ov]-indulg5ce may produce 
disord]3 !y become l spoilt *ildr51 & _c
 be us$4    ,he :o is confid5t ( 8 own  
m51 b is ignorant t ! enemy  %\ld n be  
attack$1 has no c]ta9ty ( victory4      
,he :o kn[s t ! enemy may be attack$ )  
advantage1 b kn[s  n 8 own m51 has no   
c]ta9ty ( victory4    ,confid5ce 9 !    

troops1 "r judgm5t :5 to attack ! enemy1
 b  ignorance ( ! gr\nd1 br+ unc]ta9    
victory4    ,! wise soldi]1 once 9      
motion1 does n wav]1 & is nev] at a     
loss4    ,z has be5 said3 ,"k ?yself2 "k
 ! enemy2 fe> n = victory4    ,also1 if 
! season & ! opportunity be realis$1 & !
 gr\nd  kn[n1 complete victory is c]ta94
          ,,xi    ,,! ,,n9e ,,gr\nds    
,sun ! ,ma/] said3--    ,9 respect to ! 
conduct ( w> !re are3--    ,di/ract+    
gr\nd2 di/urb+ gr\nd2 gr\nd ( cont5tion2
  int]sect+ gr\nd2 pa?-ridd5 gr\nd2     
deeply-involv$ gr\nd2  difficult gr\nd2 
enclos$ gr\nd2 dea? gr\nd4    ,at all   
times1 :5 ! pr9ce fights 9 8 own        
t]ritory1 x is call$  di/ract+#ac gr\nd4
    ,t gr\nd a %ort way inside ! enemy's
 bord] is call$ di/urb+  gr\nd4         
,gr\nd giv+ advantage to :i*ev] side is 
9 possession1 is call$  gr\nd (         
cont5tion4    ,gr\nd to :i* ei!r side   
has access1 is call$ int]sect+ gr\nd4   
,gr\nd betwe5 ?ree prov9ces fir/        
possession ( :i* enables !  peoples ( ! 

e>? to be controll$1 is call$ pa?-ridd5 
gr\nd4    ,! int]ior ( ! enemy's c\ntry 
) _m ( 8 =tifi$ t[ns 9  re>1 is call$   
deeply-involv$ gr\nd4    ,m\nta9 & =e/1 
precipices1 rav9es1 m>% & swamp1 all    
places  :]e passage is h>d1 are call$   
difficult gr\nd4    ,a n>r[ entrance &  
w9d+ outlet1 :]e a small numb] c oppose 
a  l>ge =ce1 is call$ enclos$ gr\nd4    
,t gr\nd :]e delay means disa/]1 is     
call$ dea? gr\nd4    ,:]e=e1 d n fight  
on di/ract+ gr\nd2 d n l+] on  di/urb+  
gr\nd4    ,if ! enemy be 9 possession ( 
disput$ gr\nd1 d n attack4    ,9        
int]sect+ gr\nd1 d n int]rupt !         
highways4    ,at ! cross+ ( highways1   
cultivate int]c\rse4    ,:5 deeply      
involv$1 levy & /ore up ! enemy's       
prop]ty4    ,quickly dep>t f difficult  
gr\nd4    ,on enclos$ gr\nd1 use        
/ratagem4    ,on dea? gr\nd1 fight4     
,! skilful fight]s ( old 7 at pa9s to   
disconnect ! enemy's  front & re>2 !y   
cut asund] small & l>ge =ces ( ! enemy2 
prev5t$ mutual help betwe5 8 (fic]s &   

m52 spread mi/ru/  betwe5 high & l[4 ,!y
 scatt]$ ! enemy1 & prev5t$ him f       
conc5trat+2 if 8 soldi]s 7 assembl$1 !y 
7 )\t unity4    ,if !re be a *ance (    
victory1 move2 if !re be no *ance (     
success1 /& fa/4    ,if ,i 7 ask$ h[ a  
p[]ful & unit$ =ce ( ! enemy %\ld be    
met1 ,i w\ld say3 lay h&s on :at ! enemy
 *]i%es & he w  con=m to our desires4   
,9 w>1 above all1 spe$ su/a9s ! _s ( !  
troops4 ,/rike  be=e ! enemy is ready2 &
 attack 8 unprep>$ness f an  unexpect$  
qu>t]4    ,) reg>d to w> 9 =eign l&s4   
,:5 /rang]s 9 a f> c\ntry  ! soldi]s are
 unit$ & are pro( aga9/ defeat4 ,plund] 
f]tile  pla9s s t ! army is f$2 be      
c>eful ( ! heal? ( !  soldi]s2 d n tire 
!m uselessly2 unite _! m9ds2 /ore up    
/r5g?2 plan well & secretly4 ,if !re be 
no refuge ! soldi]s  w n fly f dea?4    
,if !re be no alt]native b dea?1 !      
soldi]s ex]t !mselves to  ! utmo/4    ,9
 desp]ate places1 soldi]s lose ! s5se ( 
fe>4    ,if !re be no place ( refuge1   
!re w be no wav]+4    ,if deeply involv$

 9 ! enemy's c\ntry1 !re is unity4      
,if x be unavoidable1 ! soldi]s w fight 
_! h>de/4 ,ev5  )\t w>n+s !y are        
vigilant2 !y comply )\t insi/5ce2  )\t  
/ipulations !y are tractable2 )\t       
explicit in/ructions  !y w tru/ ! g5]al 
& obey him4    ,prohibit ! discussion ( 
signs & om5s1 & remove ! soldi]s'       
d\bts2 !n to ! mom5t ( dea? !y w be     
undi/ract$4    ,ri*es are d5i$ !        
soldi]s1 n because money is a bad ?+2   
old  age is =bidd5 !m1 b n because long 
life is evil4 ,h>d%ips  & dang] are !   
prop] lot ( ! soldi]4    ,:5 ! ord] =   
attack is giv51 ! coll>s ( ^? :o are    
sitt+ may be wet ) te>s2 te>s may roll  
d[n ! *eeks ( ^?  recl9+2 yet ^! m51 9 a
 desp]ate place1 w fight ) !  c\rage (  
,*u & ,kuei4    ,soldi]s %\ld be us$ l !
 snakes on ,mt4 ,*ang2 :i*1 if y hit  on
 ! head1 ! tail w /rike y2 if y hit !   
tail1 ! head  w /rike y2 if y /rike its 
middle1 head & tail w /rike  y toge!r4  
,%\ld any "o ask me :e!r m5 c be made to
 move l ^!  snakes1 ,i say1 yes4 ,! m5 (

 ,wu & ,yueh hate ea* o!r2 yet1 if  !y  
cross a riv] 9 ! same boat & a /orm     
ov]take !m1 !y  help ea* o!r l ! two    
h&s4    ,! horses may be ti$1 & ! *>iot 
:eels sunk 9 ! mud2 b  t does n prev5t  
flight4    ,univ]sal c\rage & unity     
dep5d on good managem5t4    ,! be/      
results f bo? ! weak & /rong are obta9$ 
by a prop]  use ( ! gr\nd4    ,! skilful
 w>rior c lead 8 army1 z a man leads    
ano!r by !  h&1 because he places x 9 a 
desp]ate position4    ,! g5]al %\ld be  
calm1 inscrutable1 j & prud5t4 ,he %\ld 
keep 8 (fic]s & m5 9 ignorance ( 8      
plans1 & in=m no "o  ( any *anges or    
fre% dep>tures4 ,by *ang+ 8 camps1 &    
tak+  devi\s & unexpect$ r\tes1 8 plans 
_c be guess$4    ,z "o tak+ away ! ladd]
 f "u ^? m\nt$ ^u ! ro(1  s acts ! g5]al
 :5 8 m5 are assembl$ to fight4 ,he     
p5etrates  into ! he>t ( ! enemy's      
c\ntry & !n divulges 8 plans4 ,he       
drives ! army hi!r & ?i!r l a flock (   
%eep1 kn[+ n  :i!r !y g4    ,!re=e !    
g5]al %\ld assemble ! armies1 & place !m

 9 a  desp]ate position4    ,! diff]5t  
natures ( ! ,n9e ,gr\nds2 ! suit+ ( !   
means to  ! occasion2 ! he>ts ( m53 ^!  
are ?+s t mu/ be /udi$4    ,:5 deep 9 ! 
int]ior ( a ho/ile c\ntry1 !re is       
cohesion2 if  only on ! bord]s1 !re is  
di/raction4 ,to leave home & cross !    
bord]s is to be free f int]f]5ce4    ,on
 di/ract+ gr\nd1 unite ! soldi]s' m9ds4 
,on di/urb+ gr\nd1 keep toge!r4    ,on  
disput$ gr\nd1 try to take ! enemy 9    
re>4    ,on int]sect+ gr\nd1 look well  
to ! def5ces4    ,on pa?-ridd5 gr\nd1   
cultivate int]c\rse4    ,on             
deeply-involv$ gr\nd be c>eful (        
supplies4    ,on difficult gr\nd1 d n   
l+]4    ,on enclos$ gr\nd1 close ! pa? (
 escape4    ,on dea? gr\nd1 %[ ! soldi]s
 t !re is no *ance ( survival4    ,x is 
! nature ( soldi]s to def5d :5 surr\nd$1
 to fight )  en]gy :5 compell$ !reto1 to
 pursue ! enemy if he retreat4    ,he _c
 treat ) o!r rul]s :o kn[s n _!         
ambitions4    ,he :o kn[s n m\nta9 &    
=e/2 cliffs2 rav9es2 lakes &  m>%es2 _c 

conduct an army4    ,he :o does n use   
guides1 _c take advantage ( ! gr\nd4    
,he :o has n a complete k ( ! ,n9e      
,gr\nds1 _c ga9  milit>y dom9ion4    ,! 
great g5]al1 :5 attack+ a p[]ful nation1
 prev5ts ! enemy  f conc5trat+ 8 ho/s4  
,he ov]awes ! enemy s t o!r /ates _c jo9
 aga9/ him4    ,he does n /ruggle = !   
fav\r ( o!r /ates2 nor is he c>eful  (  
_! rights4 ,he has confid5ce 9 himself1 
& awes ! enemy4    ,!re=e he easily     
takes ! =tress1 or r$uces ! c\ntry to   
subjection4    ,9 ! be/[al ( rew>ds1 or 
9 8 ord]s1 he is n b\nd by  anci5t rule4
    ,he manages 8 =ces z ?\gh !y 7 "o   
man4    ,ord]s %\ld direct ! soldi]s2 b 
:ile :at is advantage\s  %\ld be made   
kn[n1 :at is disadvantage\s %\ld be     
conceal$4    ,if ! =ces be plung$ into  
dang]1 !re is survival2 f dea?  gr\nd   
!re is retrieval2 = ! =ce 9 dang] ga9s !
 victory4    ,discov] ! enemy's         
int5tions by con=m+ to 8 movem5ts4 ,:5  
^! are discov]$1 !n1 ) "o /roke1 ! g5]al
 may be kill$1  ev5 ?\gh he be "o hundr$

 leagues di/ant4    ,:5 w> is decl>$1   
close ! b>ri]s2 de/roy passports2 prev5t
  ! passage ( ! enemy's spies2 conduct !
 bus9ess ( !  gov]nm5t ) vigilance4     
,take imm$iate advantage ( ! enemy's    
weakness2 discov] :at he mo/  values1 & 
plan to seize x4    ,%ape y\r plans     
accord+ to rule1 & ! circum/ances ( !   
enemy4    ,at fir/ behave ) ! discretion
 ( a maid52 !n1 :5 ! enemy  gives an    
op5+1 d>t 9 l a rabbit4    ,! enemy _c  
def5d himself4          ,,xii           
,,assault ,,by ,,fire      ,sun ! ,ma/] 
said3--    ,!re are five ways ( attack  
by fire3    ,! fir/ is call$ b>rack     
burn+2 ! second1 commiss>iat burn+2  !  
?ird1 equipm5t burn+2 ! f\r?1 /ore      
burn+2 ! fif?1 !  company burn+4    ,!  
mom5t = ! fire assault mu/ be suitable4 
,fur!r1 appliances  mu/ always be kept  
at h&4    ,!re is a "t & day prop] = !  
sett+ & c>ry+ out ( !  fire assault2    
namely3 su* "t z ! wea!r is dry2 & a day
 :5  ! moon is 9 ! qu>t]s ( ! />s ,*i1  
,pi1 ,i1 ,*53 = ^!  are days ( w9d4     

,reg>d well ! developm5ts t w c]ta9ly   
arise f ! fire1  & act ^u !m4 ,:5 fire  
breaks out inside ! enemy's camp1 ?ru/  
^u him ) all spe$ f )\t2 b if 8 soldi]s 
be quiet1  wait1 & d n attack4    ,:5 ! 
fire is at its height1 attack or n1 z   
opportunity may arise4    ,if !         
opportunity be fav\rable1 set fire to ! 
enemy's camp1 & d  n wait = x to break  
out f )94    ,:5 fire breaks out on !   
w9dw>d side1 d n attack f !  leew>d4    
,w9d t rises 9 ! day la/s long4 ,w9d t  
rises 9 ! night  "t quickly passes away4
    ,! peculi>ities ( ! five burn+s mu/ 
be kn[n1 & ! cal5d>  /udi$1 &1 if !     
attack is to be assi/$1 ! fire mu/ be   
unqu5*able4    ,if wat] is to assi/ !   
attack1 ! flood mu/ be ov]:elm+4        
,wat] may isolate or divide ! enemy2    
fire may consume 8 camp2 b  unless      
victory or possession be obta9$1 ! enemy
 quickly recov]s1  & mis=tunes arise4 ,!
 w> drags on1 & money is sp5t4    ,let !
 enlight5$ "l consid] well2 & ! good    
g5]al keep !  ma9 object 9 view4 ,if no 

advantage is to be ga9$ !reby1 d n      
move2 )\t prospect ( victory1 d n use ! 
soldi]s2 d n  fight unless ! /ate be 9  
dang]4    ,w> %\ld n be und]tak5 because
 ! "l is 9 a mom5t (  passion4 ,! g5]al 
mu/ n fight because !re is ang] 9 8     
he>t4    ,d n make w> unless victory may
 be ga9$ !reby2 if !re be  prospect (   
victory1 move2 if !re be no prospect1 d 
n move4    ,= passion may *ange to      
gladness1 ang] passes away2 b a c\ntry1 
once ov]turn$1 _c be re/or$2 ! dead _c  
be br\ght to life4    ,:]e=e x is       
writt51 ! enlight5$ "l is circumspect1 &
  ! good g5]al takes he$2 !n is ! /ate  
secure1 & ! army  victori\s 9 battle4   
,,xiii    ,,! ,,employm5t ,,( ,,spies   
,sun ! ,ma/] said3--    ,call+ #ajj1jjj 
m5 to arms1 & transport+ !m a hundr$    
leagues1  is su* an und]tak+ t 9 "o day 
#a1jjj taels ( ! citiz5s' &  nobles'    
money are sp5t2 commotions arise )9 &   
)\t ! /ate2  c>ri]s fall d[n exhau/$ on 
! l9e ( m>* ( ! army2 & !  occupations (
 #gjj1jjjad homes are upset4    ,aga91 =

 ye>s ! armies may face ea* o!r2 yet !  
issue may  dep5d on a s+le day's        
victory4    ,:]e=e1 by grudg+ slight    
exp5se 9 titles & sal>ies to spies1  to 
rema9 9 ignorance ( ! enemy's           
circum/ances1 is to be )\t  humanity4   
,su* a p]son is no g5]al2 he is no      
assi/ance to 8 "l2  he is no ma/] (     
victory4    ,! enlight5$ rul] & ! wise  
g5]al :o act1 w91 & are  di/+ui%$ beyond
 ! common1 are in=m$ be=eh&4    ,?is k  
is n to be got by call+ on gods &       
demons2 nor does  x come ( pa/ exp]i5ce 
nor calculation4 ,x is ?r\gh m5 t  k ( !
 enemy is ga9$4    ,n[ ! five k9ds (    
spies are ^!3 village spies1 inn] spies1
  conv]t$ spies1 dea? spies1 liv+ spies4
    ,if ^! five means be employ$        
simultane\sly1 none c discov]  _! work+4
 ,?is is call$ ! ,my/]i\s ,?read3 x is !
 ,"l's  ,treasure4    ,village spies are
 su* p ( ! c\ntry z give in=mation4     
,inn] spies are ^? ( ! enemy's (ficials 
employ$ by u4    ,conv]t$ spies are ^? (
 ! enemy's spies 9 our pay4    ,dea?#ae 

spies are s5t to mis9=m ! enemy1 & to   
spread false  reports ?r\gh our spies   
already 9 ! enemy's l9es4    ,liv+      
spies#af return to report4    ,9        
connection ) ! armies1 spies %\ld be    
treat$ ) !  greate/ k9dness2 & 9 deal+  
out rew>d1 !y %\ld receive !  mo/ g5]\s 
treatm5t4 ,all matt]s relat+ to spies   
are secret4    ,)\t inf9ite capacity 9 !
 g5]al1 ! employm5t ( spies is          
impossible4 ,_! treatm5t requires       
b5evol5ce & uprightness4  ,except !y be 
obs]v$ ) ! close/ att5tion1 ! tru? w n  
be obta9$ f !m4    ,wond]ful inde$ is ! 
p[] ( spies4    ,!re is no occasion :5  
!y _c be us$4    ,if a secret matt] be  
spok5 ( be=e ! "t is ripe1 ! spy :o     
told ! matt]1 & ! man :o repeat$ ! same1
 %\ld be put to  dea?4    ,if desir\s ( 
attack+ an army2 ( besieg+ a =tress2 or 
(  kill+ a c]ta9 p]son2 fir/ ( all1 le>n
 ! names ( ! g5]al  9 *>ge2 ( 8 "r-h&#ag
 m52 ( ^? :o introduce visitors  to !   
,pres5ce2 ( ! gate keep] & ! s5tries4   
,!n set !  spies to wat* !m4    ,seek   

out ! enemy's spies :o come to spy on u2
 give !m money2  cause !m to be lodg$ & 
c>$ =2 & conv]t !m to ! s]vice4  ,?r\gh 
!m we are enabl$ to obta9 spies among ! 
enemy's villag]s  & (ficials4    ,by    
means ( ! conv]t$ spy1 we c con/ruct a  
false /ory = !  dea? spy to c>ry to !   
enemy4    ,x is ?r\gh ! conv]t$ spy t we
 are able to use ! five  v>ieties1 to _!
 utmo/ advantage2 !re=e he mu/ be       
lib]ally  treat$4    ,9 anci5t times !  
rise to p[] ( ! prov9ce ( ,y9 0 due  to 
,i*ih1 :o 0 s5t to ! c\ntry ( ,hsia4    
,likewise dur+ !  f\ndation ( ! /ate (  
,*u1 ,luya liv$ among ! p ( ,%ang4      
,:]e=e1 intellig5t rul]s & wise g5]als  
use ! clev]e/ m5  z spies1 & inv>iably  
acquire great m]it4 ,! spy is a         
necessity to  ! army4 ,^u him ! movem5t 
( ! army dep5ds4          ,,! ,,say+s   
,,( ,,wutzu          ,,introduction     
,n[ ,wu1 albeit clo!d 9 ! raim5t ( a    
s*ol>1 0 a man skill$  9 ! art ( w>4    
,& ,w51 ,"l ( ,wei1 came unto him &     
said3--    ,i am a man ( peace1 c>+ n = 

milit>y affairs4    ,& ,wu said3--      
,y\r actions are witnesses ( y\r m9d2 :y
 d y\r words say n  :at is 9 y\r he>t8  
,y d prep>e & dress hides & lea!r ?r\gh 
! f\r seasons1  ornam5t+ !m ) r$ lacqu] 
& ! figures ( pan!rs &  elephants2 :i*  
give n w>m? 9 w9t]1 nei!r 9 summ]1      
coolness4 ,moreov]1 y make halb]ds1     
#bdah feet long1 & pikes #ab  feet long1
 & lea!r 7cov]$7 *>iots s l>ge z to fill
 up !  gateways1 :eels ) ornam5t1 &     
naves capp$ ) lea!r4 ,n[1  ^! are nei!r 
beautiful to ! eye nor light 9 ! *ase2  
,i "k  n = :at use my "l makes ^! ?+s4  
,b1 al?\gh provid$ ) ^! in/rum5ts ( w>1 
if ! lead] be  n compet5t1 a brood+ h5  
might z well /rike a badg]1 or a dog  ) 
"y *all5ge ! tig]3 ! _s ( enc\nt] may be
 pres5t1  b !re is no end b dea?4    ,9 
anci5t times1 ! ,pr9ce ,*5gsang         
cultivat$ virtue1 & put away  milit>y   
?+s1 & 8 k+dom fell4    ,! ,pr9ce ,yuhu 
put 8 tru/ 9 numb]s1 & delight$ 9 w> & 0
  driv5 f ! ?rone4    ,!re=e ! enlight5$
 rul] %\ld pond] ov] ^! ?+s2  enc\rage  

le>n+ & virtue 9 ! k+dom1 & be prep>$   
aga9/  w> f )\t4    ,to hesitate be=e ! 
enemy is n a cause = righte\sness2      
remorse  = ! fall5 is n true humanity4  
,& :5 ,"l ,w5 he>d ^! words1 he himself 
spread a seat1 & 8  wife (f]$ up a cup1 
& ,wu 0 appo9t$ g5]al be=e ! alt>4      
,n[1 9 ! def5ce ( ,hsihe aga9/ diff]5t  
/ates !re 7 f\ght  sev5ty-six great     
fights1 ( :i* sixty-f\r 7 complete      
victories1  & ! rema9d] undecid$4 ,& !  
k+dom grew & /ret*$ #a1jjj  leagues on e
 side1 :i* 0 all due to ! virtue ( ,wu4 
,i    ,,! ,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,a ,,c\ntry    
,& ,wu ! ,ma/] said3--    ,! mighty     
rul]s ( old fir/ tra9$ _! reta9]s1 & !n 
ext5d$ _! reg>d to _! outly+            
feudatories4    ,!re are f\r discords3--
    ,discord 9 ! /ate3 !n nev] make w>4 
,discord 9 ! army3 !n d n /rike camp4   
,discord 9 ! camp3 !n d n advance to    
attack4    ,discord 9 ! battle array3 !n
 seek n to decide ! issue4    ,!re=e1   
wise rul]s :o w\ld employ _! subjects 9 
great  endeav\rs1 %\ld fir/ e/abli%     

h>mony among !m4    ,l5d n a ready e> to
 human c\nsellors1 b lay ! matt] be=e  !
 alt>2 seek inside ! turtle1#ai &       
consid] well ! "t &  season4 ,!n1 if all
 be well1 commit ourselves to !         
und]tak+4    ,if ! p "k t _! "l is      
c>eful ( _! lives1 &  lam5ts _! dea?    
beyond all else2 !n1 9 ! "t ( dang]1 !  
soldi]s advance1 &1 advanc+1 f9d glory 9
 dea?2 & 9 survival  aft] retreat1      
di%on\r4    ,! ,ma/] said3--    ,! ,way 
mu/ foll[ ! only true pa?3 righte\sness 
lies at ! root  ( a*ievem5t & m]it4     
,! object ( /ratagem is to avoid loss & 
ga9 advantage4    ,! object ( gov]nm5t  
is to gu>d ent]prise & to pres]ve !     
/ate4    ,if conduct dep>t f ! ,way1 & !
 und]tak+ accord n )  righte\sness1 !n  
disa/] befalls ! mighty4    ,!re=e1 wise
 m5 ma9ta9 ord] by keep+ 9 ! ,way1 &    
gov]n+  ) righte\sness2 !y move )       
discretion1 & ) b5evol5ce  !y make ! p  
am5able4    ,if ^! f\r virtues be       
practis$1 !re is prosp]ity2 if !y be    
neglect$1 !re is decay4    ,=1 :5 ,"l   

,tang ( ,*5g defeat$ ,"l ,*ieh1 ! p (   
,hsia  rejoic$1 & :5 ,wu ( ,*\ defeat$  
,"l ,*\1 ! p (  ,y9 7 n discomfit$4 ,&  
?is 0 because x 0 orda9$ by  ,provid5ce 
& human desire4    ,! ,ma/] said3--     
,9 ! gov]nm5t ( a c\ntry & comm& ( an   
army1 ! inculcation  ( propriety1       
/imulation ( righte\sness1 & ! promotion
 ( a  s5se ( %ame are requir$4    ,:5 m5
 possess a s5se ( %ame1 !y w attack )   
resolution  :5 9 /r5g?1 & :5 few 9 numb]
 def5d to ! la/4    ,b :ile victory is  
easy 9 attack1 x is difficult 9 def5ce4 
,n[1 ( ! fight+ races bel[ heav52 ^? :o 
ga9$ five  victories h be5 worn out2 ^? 
:o h won f\r victories h  be5 impov]i%$2
 ?ree victories h giv5 dom9ion2 two     
victories  h f\nd$ a k+dom2 & ^u "o     
victory an empire has be5  e/abli%$4    
,= ^? :o h ga9$ p[] on e>? by _m        
victories are few2 &  ^? :o h lo/ x1 _m4
    ,! ,ma/] said3--    ,! causes ( w>  
are five3--    ,fir/1 ambition2 second1 
pr(it2 ?ird1 ov]burd5$ hate2 f\r?1      
int]nal disord]2 fif?1 fam9e4    ,aga91 

! natures ( w> are five3--    ,fir/1 a  
righte\s w>2 second1 a w> ( might2 ?ird1
 a w> (  rev5ge2 f\r?1 a w> ( tyranny2  
fif?1 an unrighte\s w>4    ,! prev5tion 
( tyranny & ! re/oration ( ord] is j2 to
  /rike 9 reliance on numb]s is         
oppression2 to raise ! /&>d =  reasons (
 ang] is a w> ( rev5ge2 to quit         
propriety1 & seize  advantage is        
tyranny2 :5 ! /ate is disord]$ & ! p    
worn  out1 to h>b\r designs1 & set a    
multitude 9 motion1 is a w> (           
unrighte\sness4    ,!re is a way (      
ov]com+ ea* ( ^! five4    ,righte\sness 
is ov]come by propriety2 might by       
humanity2 rev5ge by  words2 tyranny by  
deception2 unrighte\sness by /rategy4   
,"l ,w5 ask$ & said3--    ,i w\ld "k !  
way to control an army1 to measure m51 &
 make !  c\ntry /rong4    ,wu answ]$ &  
said3--    ,! enlight5$ rul]s (         
antiquity respect$ propriety betwe5     
sov]eign & p2 e/abli%$ etiquette betwe5 
high & l[2  settl$ (ficials & citiz5s 9 
close accord2 gave in/ruction 9         

accordance ) cu/om2 select$ m5 (        
ability1 & !reby provid$  aga9/ :at %\ld
 come to pass4    ,9 anci5t times1      
,pr9ce ,huan ( ,*i assembl$ #ej1jjj m5  
at arms1 &  became *ief among ! pr9ces2 
,pr9ce ,w5 ( ,*9 put #dj1jjj mighty  m5 
9 ! van1 & ga9$ 8 ambition2 ,pr9ce ,mu (
 ,*9 ga!r$  toge!r #cj1jjj inv9cibles1 &
 subdu$ 8 neighb\r+ foes4  ,:]e=e1 !    
pr9ces ( p[]ful /ates mu/ consid] _! p1 
& assemble ! valiant & spirit$ m5 by    
companies4    ,^? :o delight to attack1 
& to display _! val\r & fealty  %\ld be 
=m$ 9 companies4    ,^? skilful 9 scal+ 
heights1 or cov]+ long di/ances1 & :o   
are quick & light ( foot mu/ be collect$
 9 companies4    ,reta9]s :o h lo/ _!   
rank1 & :o are desir\s ( display+  _!   
pr[ess be=e _! sup]iors %\ld be ga!r$   
into companies4    ,^? :o h ab&on$ a    
ca/le1 or des]t$ _! tru/1 & are  desir\s
 ( aton+ = _! misconduct1 %\ld be       
collect$ &  =m$ into companies4    ,^!  
five bodies =m ! fl[] ( ! army4 ,)      
#c1jjj ( su*  troops1 if !y issue f )91 

an encompass+ enemy c be bur/  asund]2  
if !y ent] f )\t1 a ca/le c be ov]?r[n4 
,"l ,w5 ask$ & said3--    ,i desire to  
"k h[ to fix ! battle array1 r5d] def5ce
 secure1  & attack ) c]ta9ty ( victory4 
,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,to see ) ! eye 
is bett] ?an ready words4 ,yet1 ,i say1 
if !  wise m5 be put 9 au?ority & !     
ignorant 9 l[ places1 !n !  army is     
already arrang$4    ,if ! p be free f   
anxiety ab\t _! e/ates1 & love _!       
(ficials1 !n def5ce is already secure4  
,if all ! lieges be pr\d ( _! "l1 & ?9k 
ill ( neighb\r+  /ates1 !n is ! battle  
already won4    ,! ,"l ,w5 once assembl$
 a numb] ( 8 subjects to discuss affairs
  ( /ate3 & none c\ld equal him 9       
wisdom1 & :5 he left !  c\ncil *amb] 8  
face 0 pleas$4    ,!n ,wu advanc$ &     
said3--    ,9 anci5t times1 ,"l ,*uang (
 ,*u once consult$ ) 8 lieges1  & none 7
 l unto him 9 wisdom2 & :5 ! ,"l left ! 
c\ncil *amb] 8 c\nt5ance 0 tr\bl$4 ,!n !
 ,duke ,%5 ask$  & said3 ,:y is my ,"l  
tr\bl$8 ,& he answ]$3 ,i h he>d  t ! _w 

is nev] )\t sages1 & t 9 e c\ntry !re   
are wise m52 t good advis]s are !       
f\ndation ( an empire2 &  fri5ds (      
dom9ion4 ,n[1 if ,i1 lack+ wisdom1 h no 
equal among  ! multitude ( my (fic]s1   
dang]\s inde$ is ! /ate ( ,*u4 ,x       
grieves me t :]eas ,pr9ce ,*uang ( ,*u 0
 tr\bl$ 9 a l  case my ,"l %\ld be      
pleas$4    ,& he>+ ?is ,"l ,w5 0 inw>dly
 tr\bl$4          ,,ii    ,,e/imation   
,,( ,,! ,,enemy      ,& ,"l ,w5 said to 
,wu3--    ,*9 ?reat5s u on ! we/2 ,*u   
surr\nds u on ! s\?2 ,*ao  presses u 9 !
 nor?2 ,*i wat*es u 9 ! ea/2 ,y5 /ops   
our  re>1 & ,han is po/$ 9 our front4   
,?us1 ! armies ( six nations  encompass 
u on e side1 & our condition is v       
unpropiti\s4  ,can/ ?\ relieve my       
anxiety8    ,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,!  
pa? ( safety ( a /ate lies fir/ ( all 9 
vigilance4 ,n[ my  ,"l has already tak5 
w>n+1 :]e=e mis=tunes are yet di/ant4   
,let me /ate ! habits ( ^! six c\ntries4
 ,! =ces ( ,*i are  weighty b )\t       
solidity2 ! soldi]s ( ,*9 are scatt]$1 &

  fight ea* ( 8 own accord3 ! army ( ,*u
 is well ord]$1 b  _c endure3 ! soldi]s 
( ,y5 def5d well1 b are )\t da%3  !     
armies ( ! ?ree ,*9s are well gov]n$1 b 
_c be us$4    ,! nature ( ,*i is /ubborn
 & ! c\ntry ri*1 b pr9ce &  (ficials are
 pr\d & luxuri\s1 & neglectful ( !      
common p2  gov]nm5t is loose & rew>ds n 
imp>tial2 9 "o camp !re are  two m9ds2 !
 front is heavy1 b ! re> is light4      
,!re=e x is  pond]\s )\t /ability4 ,to  
attack x1 ! =ce mu/ be divid$  into ?ree
 p>ts1 &1 by ?reat5+ x on ?ree sides1   
its front c  be brok54    ,! nature (   
,*9 is /rong1 ! c\ntry rugg$1 & !       
gov]nm5t  firm2 rew>ds & puni%m5ts j1 ! 
p indomitable1 & all  h ! fight+ _s2    
:]e=e1 :5 sep>at$1 ea* fights ( 8  own  
accord4    ,to defeat ?is p1 !y mu/ fir/
 be tempt$ by ga9 to leave  _! cause1 s 
t ! soldi]s1 gre$y ( pr(it1 des]t _!    
g5]al3 !n1 tak+ advantage ( _!          
disob$i5ce1 _! scatt]$  =ces c be *as$1 
ambu%es laid1 fav\rable opportunities   
tak51  & _! g5]al captur$4    ,! nature 

( ,*u is weak1 its t]ritory wide1 !     
gov]nm5t weak1  & ! p exhau/$2 ! troops 
are well ord]$ b ( %ort  endurance4     
,! way to defeat !m is to assault _!    
camp1 ?r[ x into  confusion & cru% _!   
_s1 advance s(tly1 & retire quickly2    
tire !m out1 avoid a s]i\s enc\nt]1 & !y
 may be defeat$4    ,! nature ( ,y5 is  
/raight=w>d2 its p are cauti\s1 lov+    
c\rage & righte\sness1 & )\t guile2     
:]e=e !y def5d b  are n d>+4    ,! way  
to defeat !m is to draw close & press   
!m2 tease !m &  pass to a di/ance2 move 
quickly1 & appe> 9 ! re>1 ?us caus+     
bewild]m5t to _! (fic]s & fe> 9 _!      
ranks4 ,our *>iots  & horsem5 w act )   
circumspection & avoid enc\nt]4 ,?us  _!
 g5]al c be captur$4    ,! ?ree ,*9s are
 ! middle k+dom3 _! nature is peaceful  
& _! rule j4 ,_! p are tir$ ( w>2 _!    
troops are  tra9$1 b _! lead]s are      
despis$2 pay is small1 & ! soldi]s  lack
 ! _s ( sacrifice1 ?us !y are well      
gov]n$ b _c be  us$4    ,! way to defeat
 !m is to ?reat5 !m f af>4 ,if a        

multitude  attack--def5d2 if !y         
retreat--pursue1 & tire !m out4    ,9 e 
army !re are mighty w>riors ) /r5g? to  
lift !  ,c5s]1 swift] ( foot ?an ! w>   
horse2 :o c take ! enemy's  /&>d1 or    
slay 8 g5]al4 ,if su* m5 be select$1 &  
set ap>t1  c>$ = & hon\r$1 !y are ! life
 ( ! army4    ,^? :o use ! five arms#bj 
) skill1 :o are clev]1 /rong &  quick1 &
 c>eless ( ! enemy1 %\ld be giv5 rank & 
decoration1  & us$ to decide ! victory4 
,_! p>5ts & families %\ld be  c>$ =1    
enc\rag$ by rew>ds1 & kept 9 fe> (      
puni%m5t4 ,^!  m5 consolidate ! battle  
array2 _! pres5ce causes endurance4     
,if ^! m5 be well select$1 d\ble _!     
numb] c be defeat$4    ,& ,"l ,w5       
said3--    ,x is good6    ,wu ! ,ma/]   
said3--    ,9 ! e/imation ( ! enemy !re 
are eight cases :51 )\t  consult+ !     
oracles1 he may be attack$4    ,fir/1 an
 enemy :o1 9 great w9d & cold1 has ris5 
e>ly1 />t$  =? across ice & riv]s1 &    
brav$ /ress & h>d%ips4    ,second1 an   
enemy :o1 9 ! height ( summ]1 & 9 great 

heat1 has  ris5 e>ly1 has travell$      
incessantly1 is hungry & )\t wat]1  & is
 /riv+ to rea* a di/ance4    ,?ird1 an  
enemy :o has be5 encamp$ long 9 "o      
place1 :o is  )\t provisions1 :5 ! f>m]s
 are vex$ & indignant1 :o  has suff]$   
frequ5t calamities1 & ^: (fic]s are     
unable to  e/abli% confid5ce4    ,f\r?1 
:5 ! enemy's funds are exhau/$1 fuel &  
fodd] sc>ce2  :5 ! heav5s h be5 ov]ca/  
by long cont9u$ ra92 :5 !re  is ! desire
 to loot1 b no place to loot )al4       
,fif?1 :5 _! numb]s are few2 :5 wat] is 
sc>ce2 :5 m5 &  horses are sc\rg$ by    
pe/il5ce1 & f no qu>t] is succ\r at  h&4
    ,six?1 :5 night falls1 & ! way is   
yet f>2 :5 (fic]s & m5  are worn out &  
fe>ful1 we>y & )\t food1 & h laid aside 
_! arm\r & are re/+4    ,sev5?1 :5 !    
g5]al's au?ority is weak1 ! (ficials    
false1  & ! soldi]s unsettl$2 :5 _! army
 has be5 al>m$1 & no  help is =?com+4   
,eigh?1 :5 ! battle =mation is n yet    
fix$1 or camp pit*$2  :5 climb+ a hill1 
or pass+ ?r\gh a difficult place2 :5    

half  is hidd5 & half expos$4    ,an    
enemy 9 ^! situations may be smitt5 )\t 
hesitation4    ,!re are six enemies1 t1 
)\t consult+ oracles1 %\ld be  avoid$4  
,fir/1 wide & va/ t]ritories1 & a l>ge &
 ri* population4    ,second1 :]e !      
(ficials c>e = ! p1 & be/[ b\ntiful     
fav\rs & rew>ds4    ,?ird1 :]e rew>ds   
are well des]v$1 puni%m5t accurately    
apportion$1 & op]ations und]tak5 only :5
 ! "t is fitt+4    ,f\r?1 :]e m]it is   
recognis$ & giv5 rank1 wise m5 appo9t$1 
& ability employ$4    ,fif?1 :]e !      
troops are _m & _! weapons excell5t4    
,six?1 :5 help is at h& on e side1 or f 
a p[]ful ally4    ,=1 if ! enemy excel 9
 ! =ego+1 he mu/ be avoid$ )\t          
hesitation4 ,z x is writt51 if x be     
judg$ good1 advance2 if x be  kn[n to be
 difficult1 retreat4    ,& ,"l ,w5 ask$ 
& said3--    ,i desire to "k h[ !       
int]ior ( ! enemy c be kn[n f 8  out]   
appe>ance2 ! =m ( 8 camp by obs]v+ 8    
advance1 &  h[ victory may be det]m9$8  
,& ,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,if ! com+ ( 

! enemy be reckless l ro>+ wat]s1 8     
bann]s & p5nons disord]$1 & horses & m5 
frequ5tly look+  beh9d1 !n t5 c be /ruck
 ) "o4 ,panic w c]ta9ly seize  !m4      
,be=e ! v>i\s pr9ces h assembl$1 be=e   
h>mony has be5  e/abli%$ betwe5 "l &    
lieges1 be=e dit*es h be5 dug1 or       
regulations e/abli%$1 & ! army is al>m$2
 wi%+ to advance1  b unable2 wi%+ to    
retreat1 b unable3 !n ! =ce c /rike     
twice _! numb]s1 & 9 a hundr$ fights !re
 is no fe> (  retreat4    ,"l ,w5       
ask$3--    ,h[ c ! enemy be c]ta9ly     
defeat$8    ,wu answ]$ & said3--        
,make c]ta9 ( ! enemy's real condition &
 quickly /rike 8  weak po9t2 /rike an   
enemy :o has j arriv$ f af>1 be=e 8     
ranks are arrang$2 or "o :o has eat5 &  
has n complet$ 8  dispositions2 or an   
enemy :o is hurry+ ab\t1 or is busily   
occupi$2  or has n made fav\rable use ( 
! gr\nd1 or has let pass !  opportunity2
 or "o :o has come a long di/ance1 & ^? 
9 re> are  late & h n re/$4    ,/rike an
 enemy :o is half across wat]s2 or :o is

 on a difficult  or n>r[ road2 or ^:    
flags & bann]s are 9 confusion2 or :o is
  frequ5tly *ang+ position2 or ^: g5]al 
is n 9 accord )  ! soldi]s2 or :o is    
fe>ful4    ,all su* %\ld be assault$ by 
! pick$ m52 & ! rema9d] (  ! army %\ld  
be divid$1 & foll[ aft] !m4 ,!y may be  
attack$  at once )\t hesitation4        
,,iii    ,,control ,,( ,,! ,,army       
,"l ,w5 said3--    ,:at is ( fir/       
importance 9 op]ations ( w>8    ,wu     
answ]$ & said3--    ,lightness1 ( :i*   
!re are f\r natures1 ,weight1 ( :i* !re 
are two natures1 & ,confid5ce mu/ be    
cle>ly compreh5d$4    ,& ,w5 said3--    
,:at are ^!8    ,& ,wu answ]$3--    ,if 
! way be easy1 ! horses are light (     
foot2 if ! horses be  light ( foot1 !   
*>iots travel freely2 if ! *>iots travel
  easily1 m5 c ride 9 !m )\t difficulty2
 if ! m5 be free  to move1 ! fight      
prosp]s4 ,if ! difficult & easy ways be 
kn[n1  ! horses are light5$2 if ! horses
 be f$ at prop] int]vals1  ! *>iots are 
swift2 if !re be pl5ty ( oil on ! axles 

( !  *>iots1 ! rid]s are quickly        
convey$2 if ! spe>s be %>p &  ! arm\r   
/rong1 ! m5 make ! fight easy4    ,l>ge 
rew>ds 9 advance1 heavy puni%m5t 9      
retreat1 & imp>tiality  9 _! be/[al are 
requir$4    ,he :o well und]/&s ^! ?+s  
is ! ma/] ( victory4    ,& ,"l ,w5 ask$ 
& said3--    ,by :at means c ! army ga9 
! victory8    ,& ,wu answ]$3--    ,!    
f\ndation ( victory is good gov]nm5t4   
,aga91 ,w5 ask$ & said3--    ,is x n    
det]m9$ by numb]s8    ,& ,wu repli$3--  
,if laws & ord]s be n cle>2 if rew>ds & 
puni%m5ts be n  j2 if ! bell be s\nd$ & 
!y halt n1 or drum be beat5 &  m5 d n   
advance2 ev5 if !re be a hundr$ ?\s& m5 
at arms1  !y are ( no avail4    ,:]e !re
 is ord]1 !n !re is propriety at re/1 & 
dignity 9  motion2 none c )/& ! attack1 
& retreat =bids pursuit2  motion is     
regulat$1 & movem5ts to "r & left are   
made 9 answ]  to ! signal2 if ! ranks be
 cut asund]1 =mation is pres]v$2  if    
scatt]$1 !y are ma9ta9$2 9 =tune or 9   
dang]1 !re is  unity2 if a numb] be     

collect$1 !y _c be sep>at$2 !y may be   
us$ b n we>i$2 9 :atev] situation !y are
 plac$1 no?+  "u heav5 c )/& !m4 ,! army
 may be call$ a fa!r &  8 *ildr54    ,& 
,wu said3--    ,9 m>*+1 movem5ts & halts
 mu/ be prop]ly adju/$1 suitable        
occasions = ration+ n miss$2 ! /r5g? (  
m5 & horses  n exhau/$4 ,if ^! ?ree ?+s 
be obs]v$1 ! comm&s (  ! sup]ior c be   
c>ri$ out2 if ! comm&s ( ! sup]ior be   
c>ri$ out1 ord] is ma9ta9$4 ,if advances
 & halts be )\t  me?od1 victuall+       
unsuitable1 horses & m5 tir$ &          
we>y--nei!r  unsaddl$ or h\s$--x is     
because ! ord]s _c be obey$2  if ! ord]s
 be set aside1 !re is disord] 9 ! camp1 
& 9  battle--defeat4    ,wu ! ,ma/]     
said3--    ,on t depository ( corpses1 !
 battlefield1 if !re be c]ta9           
expectation ( dea?1 !re is life2 if !re 
be happy expectation (  life1 !re is    
dea?4 ,! good g5]al is l unto "o sitt+ 9
  a leak+ %ip1 or ly+ "u a burn+ ro(2 ! 
wise/ man _c  contrive aga9/ him2 !     
/ronge/ man _c de/roy 8 composure2  & ! 

enemy's onslaught c be )/ood4 ,=        
procra/9ation is  ! greate/ enemy ( !   
g5]al2 disa/]s to ! army are born (     
indecision4    ,wu ! ,ma/] said3--      
,m5 meet _! dea? f lack ( ability or    
unskilfulness4 ,:]e=e  tra9+ is ! fir/  
requirem5t ( w>4 ,"o man ) a k (  w> c  
tea* t52 t5 m5 skill$ 9 w> c tea* "o    
hundr$2 "o  hundr$ c tea* "o ?\s&2 "o   
?\s& c tea* t5 ?\s&2  & t5 ?\s& m5 c    
tra9 an army4    ,an enemy f a di/ance  
%\ld be await$1 & /ruck at %ort range2  
an enemy t is tir$ %\ld be met 9 good   
ord]2 hung] %\ld  be oppos$ by full     
bellies2 ! battle =mation %\ld be r\nd  
or  squ>e1 ! m5 %\ld kneel or /&2 g or  
rema92 move to ! "r  or left2 advance or
 retire2 conc5trate or disp]se2 close or
 ext5d  :5 ! signal is giv54    ,all ^! 
*anges mu/ be le>nt1 & ! weapons        
di/ribut$4 ,?is is  ! bus9ess ( ! g5]al4
    ,wu ! ,ma/] said3--    ,9 ! tea*+ ( 
w>1 spe>s are giv5 to ! %ort2 b[s &     
catapults to ! tall2 bann]s & /&>ds to !
 /rong2 !  bell & drum to ! bold2 fodd] 

& provisions to ! feeble2 !  arrangem5t 
( ! plan to ! wise4 ,m5 ( ! same di/rict
 %\ld  be unit$2 & gr\ps & squads %\ld  
help ea* o!r4 ,at "o beat  ( ! drum !   
ranks are put 9 ord]2 at two beats ( !  
drum1  =mation w be made2 at ?ree beats 
( ! drum1 food w be  issu$2 at f\r beats
 ( ! drum1 ! m5 w prep>e to m>*2 at     
five beats ( ! drum1 ranks w be =m$2 :5 
! drums beat  toge!r1 !n ! /&>ds w be   
rais$4    ,& ,"l ,w5 ask$ & said3--     
,:at is ! way ( m>*+ & halt+ an army8   
,& ,wu answ]$3--    ,natural ov5s &     
dragons' heads %\ld be avoid$4 ,natural 
ov5s are  ! m\?s ( l>ge valleys4        
,dragons' heads are ! extremities (     
l>ge m\nta9s4 ,! gre5 dragons 7bann]s7  
%\ld be plac$ on !  left1 & ! :ite tig]s
 on ! "r2 ! r$ sp>r[s 9 front2 !  snakes
 & tortoises beh9d2 ! pole /> 7/&>d7    
above2 & !  soldi]s w look to ! /&>d4   
,:5 go+ =? to battle1 ! direction ( !   
w9d mu/ be  /udi$2 if bl[+ 9 ! direction
 ( ! enemy1 ! soldi]s w  be assembl$ &  
foll[ ! w9d2 if a head w9d1 ! position w

 be  /r5g!n$1 & a wait made = ! w9d to  
*ange4    ,& ,"l ,w5 ask$ & said3--     
,9 :at way %\ld horses be treat$8    ,& 
,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,! places :]e !y
 are kept %\ld be made com=table2 fodd] 
%\ld be suitable & timely4 ,9 w9t] _!   
/ables %\ld be  w>m$1 & 9 summ] %elt]$ f
 ! heat2 _! coats clipp$1  _! feet      
c>efully p>$1 _! att5tion direct$ s t !y
  be n al>m$1 _! paces regulat$1 & _!   
go+ & halt+  tra9$2 horses & m5 %\ld be 
9 accord1 & !n ! horses c be  us$4 ,!   
h>ness1 ! saddle1 bit1 bridle1 & re9s   
mu/ be /rong2  if ! horse be )\t vice at
 ! beg9n+1 he c be us$ to !  end2 if !  
horse be hungry x is good2 if 8 belly be
 full1 8 value  decreases2 if ! sun be  
fall+ & ! way /ill long1 dism\nt        
frequ5tly4 ,= x is prop] t ! m5 be      
work$1 b ! horses  mu/ be us$ )         
discretion1 s t !y may be prep>$ %\ld ! 
enemy sudd5ly attack u4    ,if ^! ?+s be
 well kn[n1 !n !re is free passage "u   
heav54          ,,iv    ,,qualities ,,( 
,,! ,,g5]al      ,wu ! ,ma/] said3--    

,! lead] ( ! army is "o :o is ma/] ( bo?
 arms & lett]s4  ,he :o is bo? brave &  
t5d] c be entru/$ ) troops4    ,9 !     
popul> e/imation ( g5]als1 c\rage alone 
is reg>d$2  nev]!less1 c\rage is b "o ( 
! qualifications ( ! lead]4  ,c\rage is 
he$less 9 enc\nt]2 & ra% enc\nt]1 :i* is
 ignorant  ( ! consequ5ces1 _c be call$ 
good4    ,!re are five matt]s :i* lead]s
 mu/ c>efully consid]4    ,fir/1 reason2
 second1 prep>ation2 ?ird1 det]m9ation2 
f\r?1  vigilance2 fif?1 simplicity4     
,) reason1 a multitude c be controll$ l 
a small numb]4    ,prep>$ness sees an   
enemy outside ! gate4    ,det]m9ation   
be=e ! enemy has no ?\ght ( life4       
,ev5 aft] a victory1 vigilance behaves z
 be=e ! fir/ enc\nt]4    ,simplicity    
ensures few regulations1 & pres]ves     
ord]4    ,:5 ! lead] receives 8 ord]s1  
he =?) dep>ts4 ,n until  ! enemy has be5
 vanqui%$ does he speak ( return4 ,?is  
is ! duty  ( ! g5]al4    ,:]e=e1 f ! day
 ( dep>ture ( ! army1 ! g5]al seeks     
glory 9 dea?1 & dreams n ( return 9     

di%on\r4    ,wu ! ,ma/] said3--    ,9 w>
 !re are f\r important influ5ces4       
,fir/1 _s2 second1 gr\nd2 ?ird1         
opportunity2 f\r?1 =ce4    ,! milit>y   
value ( ! nation's =ces--( "o hundr$    
times t5  ?\s& fight+ m5--dep5ds ^u !   
p]sonality ( "o man alone2  ?is is call$
 ! influ5ce ( _s4    ,:5 ! road is /eep 
& n>r[1 :5 !re are fam\s m\nta9s &      
fa/nesses :]e t5 m5 c def5d & "o ?\s& _c
 pass !m  by2 su* is ! influ5ce ( gr\nd4
    ,:5 spies h be5 skilfully s[n1 &    
m\nt$ m5 pass to & f  ! enemy's camp1 s 
t 8 masses are divid$1 8 sov]eign &     
m9i/]s vex$ ) ea* o!r1 & sup]iors &     
inf]iors mutually  c5sori\s2 ?is is !   
mom5t ( opportunity4    ,:5 ! l9*-p9s   
are secure1 ! o>s & sweeps ready = use 9
  ! boats1 ! arm$ m5 tra9$ = w>1 & !    
horses ex]cis$1 we  h :at is call$ !    
influ5ce ( =ce4    ,he :o und]/&s ^! f\r
 matt]s has ! qualifications ( a  g5]al4
 ,fur!rmore1 dignity1 virtue1 b5evol5ce1
 c\rage1 are ne$$  to lead ! troops1 to 
calm ! multitude1 to put fe> 9 ! enemy1 

to remove d\bts4 ,:5 ord]s are issu$1 ! 
subord9ates d n defy  !m4 ,:]esoev] !   
army is1 t place ! enemy avoids4 ,if ^! 
f\r virtues be pres5t1 ! c\ntry is      
/rong2 if !y be n pres5t1  ! c\ntry is  
ov]?r[n4    ,( su* is ! good g5]al4     
,wu ! ,ma/] said3--    ,! use ( drums & 
bells is to attract ! e>2 ( flags1      
/&>ds1  & bann]s to /rike ! eye2 ( laws 
& p5alties to put fe> 9 !  he>t4    ,to 
attract ! e> ! s\nd mu/ be cle>2 to     
/rike ! eye !  col\rs mu/ be bright4 ,! 
he>t is aw$ by puni%m5t1 !re=e  puni%m5t
 mu/ be /rict4    ,if ^! ?ree matt]s be 
n ord]$1 ! /ate may1 p]adv5ture1  be    
pres]v$1 b defeat by ! enemy is c]ta94  
,!re=e1 z x has  be5 said 7if ^! ?ree   
?+s be pres5t71 !re is no dep>t+  f !   
comm&s ( ! g5]al2 :5 he ord]s1 !re is no
 go+  back f dea?4    ,wu ! ,ma/]       
said3--    ,! secret ( w> is1 fir/1 to  
"k :o is ! enemy's g5]al1 &  to judge 8 
ability4 ,if our plans dep5d on 8       
dispositions1 !n  success w be a*iev$   
)\t toil4    ,if _! g5]al be /upid1 &   

he$lessly tru/ful1 he may be entic$  by 
fraud2 if he be av>ici\s & c>eless ( 8  
fame1 he may be  brib$ ) gifts4 ,if he  
make unconsid]$ movem5ts )\t plan1 he   
%\ld be tir$ out & plac$ 9 difficulties4
 ,if ! sup]iors be  weal?y & pr\d1 & !  
inf]iors av>ici\s & res5tful1 !y  %\ld  
be set aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,an enemy t is    
undet]m9$1 n[  advanc+ & !n retreat+1 ^:
 soldi]s h n\ght :]e9 to  put _! tru/1  
%\ld be al>m$1 & put to flight4    ,:5  
an enemy ?9ks lightly ( ! g5]al1 &      
desires to return  home1 ! easy roads   
%\ld be block$1 & ! difficult & n>r[    
roads op5$2 await _! com+ & capture !m4 
,if _! advance be easy & retreat        
difficult1 await _! com+ &  !n advance  
aga9/ !m4    ,if _! advance be difficult
 & retreat easy1 !n press & /rike  !m4  
,an army t is camp$ 9 m>%y gr\nd1 :]e   
!re are no  wat]-c\rses1 & long &       
frequ5t ra9s1 %\ld be inundat$4    ,an  
army t is camp$ 9 wild m>%es1 cov]$ )   
d>k &  ov]hang+ grass & brambles1 &     
swept by frequ5t high w9ds1  %\ld be    

ov]?r[n by fire4    ,an army t has halt$
 long )\t mov+2 ^: g5]al &  soldi]s h   
gr[n c>eless1 & neglect precautions1    
%\ld be  approa*$ by /eal?1 & tak5 by   
surprise4    ,"l ,w5 ask$1 say+3--      
,if ! two armies be fac+ ea* o!r1 & ! "n
 ( ! enemy's  g5]al unkn[n1 9 :at mann] 
c we discov] x8    ,& ,wu answ]$ &      
said3--    ,a brave man ( l[ degree1    
lightly b well equipp$1 %\ld be         
employ$4 ,he %\ld ?9k only ( flight &   
naught ( advantage4 ,!n1  if he obs]ve !
 enemy's pursuit1 if !re be fir/ a halt 
& !n  an advance1 ord] is e/abli%$4 ,if 
we retreat & ! enemy pursue1  b pret5d n
 to be able to ov]take u1 see an        
advantage b pret5d  n to be aw>e ( x1 !n
 _! g5]al may be call$ a wise g5]al1  & 
conflict ) him mu/ be avoid$4 ,if _!    
army be full ( upro>2  _! bann]s & /&>ds
 disord]$1 _! soldi]s go+ ab\t  or      
rema9+ ( _! own accord1 "s 9 l9e1 o!rs 9
 column2 if  su* an enemy be eag] to    
pursue1 & see an advantage :i* !y are   
desp]ate to seize1 !n _! g5]al is a     

fool3 ev5 if !re be a  ho/1 !y may be   
tak54          ,v    ,,suit+ ,,!        
,,occasion      ,"l ,w5 ask$ & said3--  
,if /rong *>iots1 good horses1 /rong &  
valiant soldi]s sudd5ly  meet ! enemy1 &
 are ?r[n into confusion1 & ranks brok51
 :at  %\ld be done8    ,& ,wu answ]$ &  
said3--    ,9 g5]al1 ! me?od ( fight+ is
 to effect ord] 9 daylight by  means (  
flags & bann]s1 p5nons & batons2 at     
night by gongs &  drums1 :i/les &       
flutes4 ,if a signal be made to ! left1 
! troops  move to ! left2 if to ! "r1 !y
 move to ! "r4 ,advance is  made at !   
s\nd ( ! drum2 halt at ! s\nd ( ! gong2 
"o bla/  ( ! :i/le is = advance1 two = !
 rally4 ,if ^? :o disobey  be cut d[n1 !
 =ces are subject to au?ority4 ,if      
(fic]s &  soldi]s c>ry out ord]s1 a     
sup]ior enemy _c exi/2 no position  is  
impregnable 9 ! attack4    ,"l ,w5 ask$ 
& said3--    ,:at is to be done if !    
enemy be _m & we be few8    ,& ,wu      
answ]$ & said3--    ,avoid su* an enemy 
on op5 gr\nd1 & meet him 9 ! n>r[ way2  

=1 z x is writt51 if #a is to /& aga9/  
#a1jjj1 !re is naught  bett] ?an a pass2
 if #aj are to hold aga9/ #ajj1 !re is  
no?+  bett] ?an a /eep place2 if #a1jjj 
are to /rike #aj1jjj1 !re is  no?+ bett]
 ?an a difficult place4 ,if a small =ce1
 ) beat  ( gong & drum1 sudd5ly arise 9 
a n>r[ way1 ev5 a ho/ w  be upset4      
,:]e=e x is writt53 ',he :o has a       
multitude seeks !  pla91 & he :o has few
 seeks ! n>r[ way4'    ,& ,"l ,w5 ask$ &
 said3--    ,a mighty ho/1 /rong &      
c\rage\s1 :i* is on ! def5ce ) a  m\nta9
 beh9d1 a precipice betwe51 high gr\nd  
on ! "r1 &  a riv] on ! left1 ) deep    
moats1 & high walls1 & :i* has          
artill]y2 ^: retreat is l ! removal ( a 
m\nta91 advance  l ! hurricane1 & ^:    
supplies are 9 abundance1 is an enemy   
aga9/ :om long def5ce is difficult4 ,9  
effect1 :at %\ld be done  9 su* a case8 
,& ,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,?is inde$ is
 a great "q1 ^: issue dep5ds1 n ^u !    
might ( *>iot & horse1 b ^u ! s*emes ( a
 wise man4    ,let #a1jjj *>iots &      

#aj1jjj horse1 well equipp$ & ) foot-m5 
add$ to !m1 be divid$ into five armies1 
& a road allott$ to ea*  army4    ,!n if
 !re be five armies1 & ea* army take a  
diff]5t road1 !  enemy w be puzzl$1 & "k
 n 9 :at qu>t] to be prep>$4 ,if  !     
enemy's def5ce be /rong & unit$1 s5d    
envoys quickly to him  to discov] 8     
int5tion4 ,if he li/5 to our advices1 he
 w /rike  camp & )draw4 ,b1 if he li/5 n
 to our advice1 b /rikes  d[n ! mess5g]1
 & burns 8 pap]s1 !n divide & attack  f 
five qu>t]s4 ,if victori\s1 d n pursue2 
if defeat$1 flee  to a di/ance4 ,if     
feign+ retreat1 proce$ sl[ly1 &1 if !   
enemy  approa*1 /rike swiftly4    ,"o   
army w hold ! enemy 9 front1 ) ano!r cut
 8 re>1  two m ) gags 9 _! m\?s#ba w    
attack 8 weak po9t1  :e!r on ! "r or on 
! left4 ,if five armies ?us make        
alt]nate  onslaughts1 success is c]ta94 
,?is is ! way to /rike /r5g?4    ,& ,"l 
,w5 ask$ & said3--    ,if ! enemy draw  
ne> & encompass u1 & we w\ld retreat1 b 
!re is no way1 & 9 our multitude !re is 

fe>1 :at %\ld be  done8    ,& ,wu answ]$
 & said3--    ,9 su* a case1 if we be _m
 & !y be few1 divide & fall ^u  !m2 if !
 enemy be _m & we be few1 use /ratagem &
 act  accord+ to opportunity2 & if      
opportunities be untir+ly seiz$1  ev5 if
 ! enemy be _m1 he w be r$uc$ to        
subjection4    ,"l ,w5 ask$ & said3--   
,if1 9 a n>r[ valley ) /eep places on   
ei!r side1 ! enemy be  met1 & !y are _m 
& we are few1 :at %\ld be done8    ,&   
,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,if !y be met   
among hills1 woods1 9 deep m\nta9s1 or  
wide f5s1  advance quickly1 retire      
swiftly1 & hesitate n4 ,if ! enemy be   
sudd5ly met among high m\nta9s or deep  
valleys1 be ! fir/ to  /rike ! drum &   
fall ^u !m4 ,let b[ & cross b[ advance2 
%oot & capture2 obs]ve ! /ate ( _!      
ranks2 &1 if !re be  confusion1 d n     
hesitate to /rike4    ,"l ,w5 ask$ &    
said3--    ,if ! enemy be sudd5ly met 9 
a n>r[ place ) high m\nta9s on  ei!r    
side1 & advance & retreat are alike     
impossible1 :at %\ld  be done 9 su* a   

case8    ,& ,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,?is
 is call$ ,w> 9 valleys :]e numb]s are (
 no avail4 ,!  able/ (fic]s %\ld be     
collect$1 & set aga9/ ! enemy4 ,m5      
light ( foot & well arm$ %\ld be plac$ 9
 front2 ! *>iots  divid$2 ! horsem5     
drawn up1 & plac$ 9 ambu% on f\r sides1 
) _m leagues betwe51 & )\t %[+ _!       
weapons4 ,!n1  ! enemy w c]ta9ly make 8 
def5ce firm1 & nei!r advance  or        
retreat4 ,:]eupon1 ! /&>ds w be rais$1 &
 ! ranks (  bann]s %[n1 ! m\nta9s left1 
& camp pit*$ 9 ! pla94    ,! enemy w !n 
be fe>ful1 & %\ld be *all5g$ by *>iot  &
 horse1 & all[$ no re/4    ,?is is !    
me?od ( fight+ 9 valleys4    ,& ,"l ,w5 
ask$ & said3--    ,if ! enemy be met 9 a
 m>% :]e ! wat] is out1 s t !  :eels ( !
 *>iots s9k 91 & ! %afts be cov]$1 & !  
*>iots & horsem5 ov]come by ! wat]s1 :5 
!re are no boats  or o>s1 & x is        
impossible ei!r to advance or retreat1  
:at %\ld  be done 9 su* a case8    ,&   
,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,?is is call$   
wat] fight+4 ,*>iots & horsem5 _c be    

us$1  & !y mu/ be put = a "t on "o side4
 ,g up to ! top ( a high  place1 & look 
out to ! f\r qu>t]s4 ,!n ! /ate ( !     
wat]s  w c]ta9ly be se52 _! ext5t1 & !  
deep places & %all[s  fully asc]ta9$4   
,!n1 by /ratagem1 ! enemy may be        
defeat$4    ,if ! enemy %\ld cross !    
wat]s he %\ld be engag$ :5 half  ov]4   
,& ,"l ,w5 ask$ & said3--    ,if !re has
 be5 long cont9u$ ra9 s t ! horses s9k1 
& !  *>iots _c move2 if ! enemy appe> f 
f\r qu>t]s1 & !  =ces are fright5$1 :at 
is ! c\rse 9 su* a case8    ,& ,wu      
answ]$ & said3--    ,:5 wet & ov]ca/1 ! 
*>iots %\ld halt2 :5 f9e & dry1  !y %\ld
 arise4 ,seek height1 & avoid l[ places2
 drive ! /rong  *>iots1 & *oose well !  
road on :i* to advance or halt4 ,if !   
enemy sudd5ly arise1 imm$iately pursue  
!m4    ,"l ,w5 ask$ & said3--    ,if our
 fields & pa/ures be sudd5ly pillag$1 & 
our ox5 &  %eep tak51 :at %\ld be done8 
,& ,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,lawless     
enemies t arise are to be fe>$2 def5d   
well & d n  reply4 ,:51 at sunset1 !y   

seek to )draw1 !y w c]ta9ly  be ov]lad5 
& fe>ful4 ,/riv+ to return quickly to _!
 homes1  connection w be lo/4 ,!n if !y 
be pursu$ & attack$1 !y c  be ov]?r[n4  
,wu ! ,ma/] said3--    ,! way ( attack+ 
! enemy & inve/+ 8 ca/le is z  foll[s3--
    ,:5 ! outly+ build+s h be5 tak51 & !
 assault+  p>ties ent] ! inn]mo/        
sanctu>y1 make use ( ! enemy's          
(ficials1 & take *>ge ( _! weapons4 ,let
 ! army on no acc\nt  fell trees or ent]
 dwell+s1 cut ! crops1 slay ! six       
dome/ic  animals1 or burn ! b>ns2 & %[ !
 p t !re is no cruel  desire4 ,^? :o wi%
 to surr5d]1 %\ld be receiv$ & fre$ f   
anxiety4          ,,vi    ,,enc\ragem5t 
,,( ,,! ,,troops      ,& ,"l ,w5 ask$ & 
said3--    ,if puni%m5t be j & rew>d    
imp>tial1 is victory !reby ga9$8    ,&  
,wu answ]$ & said3--    ,i _c speak (   
all ! ?+s t conc]n ju/ice & imp>tiality1
  b on ^! alone dep5d5ce _c be plac$4   
,if ! p he> ! ^w ( comm&1 or li/5 to !  
ord] )  rejoic+2 if1 :5 ! army be rais$1
 & a multitude assembl$1 !y  g =? gladly

 to ! fight2 if1 9 ! tumult ( ! fight1  
:5  blade crosses blade1 ! soldi]s      
gladly die2 ^u ^! ?ree ?+s  c ! "l ( ! p
 place 8 tru/4    ,& ,"l ,w5 said3--    
,h[ c ?is be br\ght ab\t8    ,& ,wu     
answ]$ & said3--    ,seek out m]it1     
advance & rew>d x1 & enc\rage ^? )\t    
fame4    ,accord+ly ,"l ,w5 set seats 9 
! g>d5 ( ! palace 9 ?ree  r[s1 & made a 
fea/ unto 8 *ief reta9]s4 ,9 ! fir/ r[ 7
  set ^? ( *ief m]it1 & on ! table 7    
plac$ ! be/ meats  & preci\s ut5sils4   
,^? ( m$ium m]it 7 set 9 ! middle  r[1 &
 ! ut5sils on ! table 7 few] 9 numb]4   
,^? )\t  m]it 7 set 9 ! la/ r[1 &       
ut5sils ( no value 7 put  be=e !m4 ,& :5
 ! fea/ 0 ov]1 & !y _h all dep>t$1  !   
p>5ts1 wives1 & *ildr5 ( ^? ) m]it 7    
giv5  pres5ts outside ! gates ( ! palace
 accord+ to _! degree4    ,fur!r1       
mess5g]s 7 s5t ye>ly ) gifts to condole 
) !  p>5ts ( ^? :o _h lo/ a son 9 !     
s]vice ( ! /ate1 & to  %[ t !y 7 _h 9   
remembrance4    ,& aft] ?is 0 c>ri$ out 
= ?ree ye>s1 ! p ( ,*9  ga!r$ an army1 &

 came z f> z ! ,we/]n ,riv]4 ,& :5 !    
soldi]s ( ,wei he>d ?is1 )\t wait+ =    
ord]s1 !y arm$  !mselves & fell ^u !m2 &
 !y t w5t =? 7 #aj1jjj 9  numb]4    ,&  
,"l ,w5 call$ ,wu & said3--    ,! words 
t y spoke unto me1 h !y n inde$ be5     
c>ri$  out8    ,& ,wu answ]$ & said3--  
,i h he>d t !re are m51 great & small2  
s\ls1 gr& &  feeble4    ,z a trial1 let 
#ej1jjj m51 )\t m]it1 be collect$1 &    
plac$  "u my comm& aga9/ ! c\ntry ( ,*94
 ,if we fail1 ! /ate  w be ! laugh+-/ock
 among ! pr9ces1 & its p[] "u  heav5 w  
be lo/4 ,if a desp]ate robb] be hidd5 9 
a wide pla91  & #a1jjj m5 be pursu+ him1
 _! glances w be furtive l !  owl1 look+
 backw>d l ! wolf1 = !y are 9 fe> ( h>m 
f  a sudd5 onslaught4    ,"o desp]ate   
man c put fe> 9 ! he>ts ( a ?\s&4 ,n[1  
if ?is ho/ ( #ej1jjj m5 become z a      
desp]ate ?ief1 & are l$  aga9/ ,*91 !re 
is n\ght to fe>4    ,on he>+ ^! words   
,"l ,w5 agre$1 & add+ fur!r #ejj *>iots 
& #c1jjj horse1 ! ho/s ( ,*9 7 ov]?r[n1 
all be+ due to  ! enc\ragem5t ( !       

troops4    ,on ! day be=e ! battle ,wu  
gave ord]s to ! =ces1 say+3--    ,! army
 w attack ! enemy's *>iots1 horse &     
foot1 9  accordance ) our comm&s4 ,if ! 
*>iots d n capture !  enemy's *>iots1 or
 ! horse ^? ( ! enemy's1 or ! foot !    
enemy's footm51 ev5 if _! army be       
ov]?r[n1 no m]it w be  ga9$4    ,!re=e  
on ! day ( ! battle1 ! ord]s 7 simple1 &
 fe> (  ,wei %ook ! heav5s4             
,,index       ,a     ,abnormal          
manoeuvres1 #ca1 #cb     ,advance1      
foll[$ by retirem5t1 a lure1 #ea        
,advantages1 ! five1 #de     ,ally1 w>  
to be avoid$1 if enemy has p[]ful1 #ia  
,alt>1 ,wu made g5]al be=e1 #gg2        
difficult matt]s to be laid be=e1 #gh   
,ambition1 "o ( five causes ( w>1 #hj   
,ambu%1 likely places = enemy to be 91  
#di     ,ammunition1 lack (1 may cause  
disa/]1 #da     ,ang] ( (fic]s1 cause (1
 #ea2     n a fit reason = battle1 #fi  
,animals1 ! six dome/ic1 to be pres]v$  
by besieg]s1 #aae     ,apologies1 :at   
impli$1 by g5]al :o (f]s1 #eb           

,ar*]s1 employm5t (1 9 sieges1 #be1 note
     ,armies1 five1 alt]nate onslaughts 
by1 #aaa     ,armi/ice1 :at betok5$ by  
sudd5 desire =1 #ea     ,arm\r1 co/ (   
upkeep (1 #ba2     & ( r5ew+1 #bb2      
condition (1 an influ5ce 9 battle1 #id  
,arms1 pr(ession (1 n highly reg>d$ 9   
,*9a1 #i2     ! five1 #hh1 note         
,army1 control ( !1 #ic-ajj2     ord]ly1
 lik5$ to fa!r & *ildr51 #if            
,articles ( ,suntzu1 #ag-gd             
,assault1 by /ratagem1 #be     ,attack1 
proportionate numb] requir$ =1 #bf2     
on undef5d$ positions1 #ce2     place (1
 to be kept secret1 #cg2     five ways  
(1 by fire1 #fg-fh2     eight cases (1  
#hi2     reckless1 #ib       ,b         
,bann]s1 use (1 to inspirit troops1 #i2 
us$1 9 day fight+1 #dc2     enemy's l9es
 n to be attack$ :]e wav+1 #dc-dd2      
*ang+ (1 #ea2     to be entru/$ to /rong
 m51 #ih2     ,wutzu on attraction (1   
#ajd1 #ajh     ,b>rack burn+1 #fg       
,batons1 9 day fight+1 #ajh     ,battle1
 ! ,ord] (1 #bh-cj     ,beacons1 9 night

 fight+1 #dc     ,bea/s1 />tl$1 indicate
 /eal?y approa*1 #ej     ,bell1 use (1 9
 w>1 #ca2     a signal to halt1 #ca1    
note2     ,wutzu on1 #ie2     to be     
entru/$ to ! bold1 #ih2     use (1      
attracts e>1 #ajd     ,b5evol5ce1       
quality ne$$ by g5]al1 #ajc     ,birds1 
ris+ (1 indicates ambu%1 #ej2     clu/]+
 (1 r\nd position1 %[s x unoccupi$1 #ea 
,blu/] 9 ,g5]al1 #eb     ,bogs1 movem5t 
( troops reg>d+1 #di     ,booty1        
exhau/ion betray$ by disreg>d (1 #ea    
,b[s1 weapons = tall m51 #ih     ,brok5 
gr\nd1 #ed     ,burn+ b>rack1           
commiss>iat1 equipm5t1 /ore1 & company1 
#fg-fh       ,c     ,calamities1 six1   
among troops1 #ee     ,camp1 safe       
position =1 #dg2     skilful *anges (1  
#fc     ,ca/le1 ,wutzu's c\nsel =       
inve/+1 #aae     ,catapults1 weapons =  
tall m51 #ih     ,causes ( w>1 #hj      
,cauti\sness-ov]1 "o ( five dang]\s     
faults = g5]al1 #df     ,*ang ,mt41     
illu/ration ( snakes (1 #fb     ,*anges1
 ! ,n9e1 #dd-df     ,*>iots1 numb] (1   

requir$1 #bj-ba2     co/ ( r5ew+1 #bb2  
rew>ds = tak+ f enemy1 #bc2     advance 
( light1 #ej2     great size (1 #gf2    
axles (1 to be well oil$1 #id     ,*5g1 
,"l ,tang1 (1 #gi     ,*5gsang1 ,pr9ce1 
#gf     ,*i1 e/imation ( =ces (1 #he2   
nature (1 #hf     ,*ieh1 ,"l1 #gi       
,*91 nature (1 #hf2     unsuccessfully  
opposes ,wei1 #aag-aah     ,*9s1 ! ?ree1
 #hg-hh     ,*9a1 pr(ession ( arms n    
highly reg>d$ 91 #i2     l>ge riv]s (1  
affect milit>y op]ations1 #ab           
,*9ese1 greatly affect$ by climate1 #i  
,*9ese lit]ature1 place ( ,suntzu &     
,wutzu 91 #g     ,*9ese w>s1 patriotism 
n a factor 91 #h     ,*\1 ,wu1 (1 #gi   
,*u1 c\rage (1 #fb2     f\ndation ( /ate
 (1 #gd2     want ( endurance ( army (1 
#he     ,*uang1 ( ,*u1 holds            
consultation1 #hd     ,*uy91 use (1 9   
sieges1 #be1 & note     ,circumspection1
 circum/ances requir+1 #eb     ,cohesion
 ( troops1 9 int]ior ( ho/ile c\ntry1   
#fd     ,col\rs mu/ be bright1 9 w>1    
#ajd     ,comm&]1 pr(essional1 9 ,*9a1  

#i     ,commiss>iat burn+1 #fg          
,confid5ce1 importance (1 9 op]ations1  
#id     ,cont5tion1 gr\nd (1 #eh        
,cont9uity ( milit>y pr9ciples          
illu/rat$1 #ab     ,control ( army1     
#ic-ajj     ,conv]t$ spies1 #ga         
,cook+ pots may betray end ( res\rces1  
#ea-eb     ,co/ ( w>1 #ba2     ( supply+
 army at di/ance1 #bb     ,c\rage1      
univ]sal1 dep5d5t on good managem5t1    
#fc2     n ! only attribute necess>y to 
g5]al1 #aja2     b nev]!less ess5tial1  
#ajc     ,c[>dly1 place ( !1 9 action1  
#dc       ,d     ,daylight fight+1 use (
 flags1 bann]s1 p5nons1 & batons 91 #ajh
     ,dea?1 :5 only alt]native1 ensures 
ex]tion1 #fa     ,dea? gr\nd1 #eh2      
fight+ on1 #fj2     soldi]s mu/         
recognise conditions (1 #fd     ,dea?   
spies1 #ga1 #gb     ,decl>ation ( w>1   
action foll[+1 #ff     ,decoration =    
skill 9 five arms1 #hh     ,defeat1     
int]nal causes (1 #bh2     skilful      
soldi]s make impossible1 #bh2     army  
de/9$ to1 tru/s 9 *ance1 #cj2     causes

 (1 #ee-ef     ,def5ce1 long1           
difficulties 91 #aaj     ,def5sive      
w>f>e1 :5 victory unatta9able1 #bh2     
skill 91 #bh-bi     ,defici5cy1 def5ce  
compell$ by1 #bh     ,despair1 en]gy    
born (1 w9s victory1 #ae     ,desp]ate  
enemy n to be press$1 #dd               
,det]m9ation1 "o ( five important matt]s
 = g5]al1 #aja1 #ajb     ,dignity1      
ess5tial = g5]al1 #ajc     ,discipl9e1  
"o ( sev5 important matt]s 9 w>1 #ah2   
p]fection (1 leads to simulation1 #cc   
,discussion ( om5s1 =bidd51 #fa         
,disord]1 a cause ( defeat1 #if         
,disput$ gr\nd1 action reg>d+1 #fd      
,di/ract+ gr\nd1 action reg>d+1 #fd     
,di/urb+ gr\nd1 action reg>d+1 #fd      
,dragons1 gre5 7bann]s71 #ii            
,dragons' heads 7m\nta9 extremities71   
#ii     ,drum1 use (1 #ca2     9 night  
fight+1 #dc2     s\nds = advance1 #ie2  
mean+ ( diff]5t beats (1 #ih2     to be 
entru/$ to ! bold1 #ih2     ,wutzu on !1
 #ajd1 #ajh     ,du/1 spurts1 masses1   
columns & cl\ds (1 mean+ (1 #ej       ,e

     ,e>1 to be attract$ 9 w>1 #ajd     
,e>?1 "o ( five indisp5sable matt]s 9   
w>1 #ag1 #ah2     ! n9?1 #bi1 & note    
,elem5ts1 five1 #ci1 & note             
,empt9ess & /r5g?1 #cd-ci     ,enclos$  
gr\nd1 #eh2     /ratagem to be us$ on1  
#fj2     action reg>d+1 #fd             
,enemies1 six to be avoid$1 #ij-ia      
,equipm5t1 umbrella "p ( ,*9ese         
soldi]'s1 #i     ,e/imation ( enemy1    
#ef2     ,wutzu on1 #he-ic              
,exhau/ion1 result ( lat5ess 9 field1   
#cd2     avoid$ by good tactics1 #ce2   
%[n by disreg>d ( booty1 #ea            
,expectation ( life or dea?1 #if        
,eye1 to be /ruck 9 w>1 #ajd       ,f   
,fam9e1 a cause ( w>1 #hj     ,faults1  
five1 dang]\s = g5]als1 #df     ,fea/1  
giv5 by ,w5 to gue/s ) high1 m$ium1 &   
defici5t m]it1       #aag     ,fe9ts1   
use (1 #cf1 #ch     ,f5s1 advance 9     
wide1 #aab     ,fight+ races1           
consequ5ces ( victories by1 #hj         
,fire1 five modes ( assault by1 #fg-fh2 
attack on enemy 9 ov]gr[n m>% l& by1    

#ajf     ,flag1 use (1 9 w>1 #ca2     9 
day fight+1 #dc2     *ange (1 #ea2      
,wutzu on use (1 #ajd     ,flank+ 7or   
res]ve7 =ce1 #ab     ,flat c\ntry1      
disposal ( troops 91 #dh     ,flutes1   
,wutzu on use (1 #ajh     ,fodd]1 *>ge  
(1 giv5 to ! feeble1 #ih     ,food1 tak5
 f enemy1 #bb2     obta9$ by skilful    
g5]al1 #bc2     kill+ ( horses =1 #ea2  
attack on enemy )\t1 #ij2     *>ge (1   
giv5 to ! feeble1 #ih     ,=ce1 "o ( f\r
 important influ5ces 9 w>1 #ajb1 #ajc   
,=eign l&s1 w> 91 #fj                   
,=mation-battle1 #ig     ,frontal       
attack1 #aa       ,g     ,g5]al1        
int]f]5ce )1 ill-advis$1 #aj2           
ability (1 "o ( sev5 important matt]s1  
#ah2     skilful1 is /eadfa/ 9 ,way &   
,law1 #cj2     z ,god ( ,w> *anges      
tactics1 #ci2     mu/ "k ! ,n9e ,*anges1
 #de2     five faults dang]\s =1 #df2   
:at impli$ by exce$+ graci\sness (1 #eb2
     blu/]+ & obsequi\s1 #eb2     /range
 to troops1 #eb2     weak & amiable1    
#ee2     calamities due to defects 91   

#ee2     unable to e/imate enemy1 #ef2  
anxi\s = p's welf>e1 #ef2     mu/ be    
calm1 inscrutable1 j1 & prud5t1 #fc2    
conceals plans1 #fc2     mu/ h          
topographical k & use guides1 #fe2      
be/[s rew>ds discreetly1 #ff2     is n  
actuat$ by ang]1 #fi2     %\ld be 9     
accord ) soldi]s1 #ic2     mu/ n        
procra/9ate1 #ig2     ,wutzu on         
qualities (1 #aja-ajg2     five matt]s  
important =1 #aja2     ( ! enemy to be  
apprais$1 #ajd2     action 9 accordance 
) judgm5t ( enemy's1 #aje2     h[ to    
judge enemy's1 #ajf-ajg     ,gongs1 use 
(1 9 w>1 #ajh     ,gov]nm5t ( a c\ntry1 
#gg-hd2     object (1 #gi2     good1    
f\ndation ( victory1 #ie     ,gr\nd1    
influ5ce (1 9 w>1 #ab2     m>%y1 to be  
avoid$ = camp1 #dd2     action 9        
m\nta9\s & wood$1 #de2     disposal (   
troops on high1 m>%y1 flat1 sunny1 /eep1
 boggy1       & tangl$1 #dg-di2         
object ( enemy encamp$ on op51 #di2     
,suntzu on1 #ec-fg2     op51 #ec-ed2    
brok51 #ed2     susp5d$1 #ed2           

defiles 91 #ed2     precipit\s1 #ed2    
! h&maid ( victory1 #ef2     results f  
good use (1 #fc2     "o ( f\r important 
influ5ces 9 w>1 #ajb1 #ajc2             
inundation ( enemy on m>%y1 #ajf        
,gr\nds1 ! ,n9e1 #eh-fg2     action )   
reg>d to1 #fd2     k (1 necess>y to     
g5]al1 #fe     ,gue/s1 ent]ta9m5t (1    
co/ly 9 w>1 #ba     ,guides1 employm5t  
(1 necess>y1 #db1 #fe       ,h          
,halb]d1 "o ( ! five arms1 #hh1 note    
,halb]ds1 great l5g? (1 #ge-gf          
,h>ness1 mu/ be /rong 9 all details1    
#ajj     ,heal? ( troops1 consid]ation  
=1 #dh     ,heat1 attack on enemy :o has
 endur$1 #hi     ,heav51 "o ( five      
indisp5sable matt]s 9 w>1 #ag1 #ah      
,heav51 ! ,n9?1 #bi1 note     ,highways1
 :5 n to int]rupt1 #ei     ,horses1     
kill$ = food1 #ea2     c>e =1 #id2      
treatm5t (1 #ii-ajj     ,hsia1 #gc      
,hsihe1 def5ce (1 #gg     ,huangti1     
cause ( victory by1 #dh     ,humane     
treatm5t ensures ob$i5ce1 #ec           
,hung]1 h[ %[n1 by use ( weapons1 #ea2  

h[ to meet1 9 case ( enemy1 #ig       ,i
     ,i*ih1 #gc     ,ignorance1 ?ree    
ways (1 emb>rass+ to armies1 #bf2     ( 
enemy causes defeat1 #bg                
,imp>tiality1 ,wutzu on1 #aaf           
,impetuosity1 bl9d1 dang]\s fault 9     
g5]al1 #df     ,indisp5sable matt]s1    
five1 ,suntzu on1 #ag     ,indulg5ce1   
ill effects (1 #eg     ,influ5ces1 f\r  
important1 9 w>1 #ajb     ,initiative1  
disadvantage (1 on susp5d$ gr\nd1 #ed   
,inn] spies1 #ga     ,int]nal disord]1 a
 cause ( w>1 #hj     ,int]sect+ gr\nd1  
#eh2     action on1 #fd     ,inundation 
( enemy1 on m>%y gr\nd1 #ajf            
,inv9cible1 h[ anci5t ma/]s made armies1
 #bh     ,involv$ gr\nd1 #eh1 #ei2      
action reg>d+1 #ei1 #fd       ,j        
,japan1 ,sun & ,wu rev]$ 91 #ad         
,japanese tactics1 unlike ,*9ese1 #aj2  
comm5tators on ,*9ese lit]ature1 #ad    
,javel91 "o ( ! five arms1 #hh1 note    
,ju/ice1 importance (1 9 rew>ds &       
puni%m5t1 #ah2     ,wutzu on1 #aaf      
,k     ,k+dom1 ! ,middle1 #hg-hh        

,kuei1 c\rage (1 #fb       ,l           
,lat5ess 9 field1 cause ( exhau/ion1 #cd
     ,law1 !1 "o ( five indisp5sable    
matt]s 9 w>1 #ag2     includes p>tition 
& ord]+ ( troops1 #ah2     = defeat+ a  
c\ntry1 or tak+ x1 )\t /rife1 #bd2      
t\*+ ! rule1 measure1 tables1 & scales1 
& ! =etell+       ( victory1 #cj        
,lead]1 "o ( five indisp5sable matt]s 9 
w>1 #ag4     7,see ,g5]al7     ,lett]s1 
g5]al %\ld be ma/] (1 #aja     ,light   
e/eem ( enemy1 result (1 #eb            
,lightness1 importance (1 9 op]ations1  
#ic2     f\r natures (1 #ic-id          
,lit]ature1 ,*9ese1 place ( ,suntzu &   
,wutzu 91 #g2     ,japanese comm5tators 
on1 #ad2     ?\ght compress$ 91 #ad     
,liv+ spies1 #ga1 #gb     ,lu1 numb] (  
m5 91 #bd1 note     ,luya1 #gd       ,m 
,manoeuvre1 battle avoid$ by1 #aa2      
normal & abnormal1 #ca1 #cb2     ma/] 9 
art (1 #dj     ,m>*1 =c$1 #da2     %\ld 
be calm1 l =e/1 #db     ,m>%es1         
unsuitable = camp1 #dd2     disposal (  
troops reg>d+1 #dh2     attack by fire (

 enemy encamp$ 91 #ajf2     inundation (
 enemy 91 #ajf     ,measure1 ! second   
law ( w>1 #cj     ,m]es1 ambu% to be    
expect$ 91 #di     ,m]it1 recognition (1
 by enemy1 #ia2     to be s\ght1        
advanc$1 & rew>d$1 #aaf2     ,"l ,w5    
discrim9ates betwe5 gue/s ) & )\t1 #aag 
,mess5g]s1 enemy's movem5ts reveal$ by1 
#ea     ,midday1 "t = spirits ( troops  
to flag1 #dc     ,middle ,k+dom1 !1     
#hg-hh     ,might1 w> (1 #ha            
,modification ( milit>y plans1 #ai      
,moon1 9 qu>t]s suitable = attack by    
fire1 #fg-fh     ,moral ( troops1 #h2   
use ( bann]s to ma9ta91 #i     ,motion (
 troops1 dignifi$1 #ie     ,m\nta9      
w>f>e1 disposal ( troops 91 #dg         
,m\nta9s1 advance among1 #aab           
,movem5t ( troops1 #dg-ec     ,mu1      
,pr9ce ( ,*91 example (1 #hb            
,my/]i\s ,?read1 !1 #ga     ,my/]y1     
suppos$ to surr\nd art ( w>1 #ad        
,n     ,night1 fight+ 91 #dc2     voices
 call+ 91 #ea     ,n9e ,*anges1 !1      
#dd-df     ,n9e ,gr\nds1 !1 #eh-fg2     

action ) reg>d to1 #fd2     k (1        
necess>y to g5]al1 #fe     ,normal      
manoeuvres1 #ca1 #cb     ,numb]s1       
proportionate1 ne$$ to attack & to      
divide1 #bf2     subdivision (1 #ca2    
sup]iority (1 an economy ( /r5g?1 #cg2  
no c]ta9 m>k ( /r5g?1 #eb2     ,pr9ce   
,yuhu's tru/ 91 #gf2     tactics reg>d+ 
diff]5ces 91 #aji2     ( no avail 9 w> 9
 valleys1 #aab       ,o     ,ob$i5ce    
ensur$ by humane conduct1 #ec2     e>ly 
tra9+ 91 #ec     ,obsequi\sness 9 g5]al1
 #eb     ,(fic]s1 :5 ang]$ by soldi]s1  
#ea2     weak ) /rong soldi]s1 & vice   
v]sa1 #ee     ,(ficials1 :o h c>e = p1  
#ia     ,om5s1 discussion (1 to be      
=bidd51 #fa     ,op5 gr\nd1 movem5t on1 
#ec-ed     ,opportunity1 "o ( f\r       
important influ5ces 9 w>1 #ajb1 #ajc    
,oracles1 cases = attack1 :5 ne$less to 
consult1 #hi     ,ord] ( ,battle1 !1    
#bh-cj     ,ord]1 importance (1 #ie     
,outlet1 = retir+ enemy1 #dd2     f     
enclos$ gr\nd1 #ei     ,ov5s1 natural   
7m\?s ( valleys71 #ii       ,p          

,pass1 :5 to meet enemy 91 #aji         
,passages1 n>r[1 avoidance (1 #di       
,pa?-ridd5 gr\nd1 #eh-ei                
,patriotism1 n a factor 9 ,*9ese w>s1 #h
     ,p5alties1 ,wutzu on1 #ajd         
,p5nons1 ,wutzu on use (1 #ajh          
,pe/il5ce1 attack on enemy :o endures1  
#ij     ,pike1 "o ( five arms1 #hh1 note
     ,pillage by enemy1 ,wutzu on1 #aae 
,plan ( campaign1 modifications 91 #ai  
,pole /> 7/&>d71 #ii     ,population1   
told by tables ( laws ( w>1 #cj2        
division (1 into milit>y gr\ps1 #gj1    
note2     cases ( enemy's l>ge1 #ij     
,precipit\s gr\nd1 occupation (1 #ed    
,prep>ation1 "o ( five important matt]s 
= g5]al1 #aja-ajb     ,pret5ce1 w> a ?+ 
(1 #ai     ,proc$ure1 milit>y1 #dj      
,procra/9ation1 evil (1 9 w>1 #ig       
,pr(it1 a cause ( w>1 #hj     ,puni%m5t1
 frequ5t1 :at betok5$ by1 #eb2     :5   
ord]$ by /range g5]al1 #eb       ,q     
,qualities1 ( ! g5]al1 #aja-ajg       ,r
     ,rank1 = ^? skilful 9 five arms1   
#hh     ,reason1 "o ( five important    

matt]s = g5]al1 #aja     ,reg>d-ov]1 =  
troops1 dang]\s fault1 #df              
,relaxation ( troops1 #ee     ,repulse1 
result+ f g5]al's incapacity1 #ee       
,requirem5ts ( w>1 #bj-ba     ,res]ve   
7or flank+7 =ce1 #ab     ,re/1 propriety
 91 #ie     ,rew>ds1 ju/ice 9 accord+1  
#ah2     = ^? :o take advantage ( enemy1
 #bc2     frequ5t1 %[ lack ( discipl9e1 
#eb2     g5]al's fre$om 9 be/[+1 #ff2   
= families ( skilful 9 five arms1 #hh2  
consequ5ce ( enemy's wise be/[al (1 #ia2
     9 advance1 #id2     to be giv5 to  
m]it1 #aaf     ,rev5ge1 w> (1 #ha       
,ri*es1 :y d5i$ to soldi]s1 #fa         
,"r-h& m51 #gc1 & note     ,righte\s w>1
 #ha     ,righte\sness1 ov]come by      
propriety1 #ha2     at root ( a*ievem5t 
& m]it1 #gi     ,riv]s ( ,*9a affect    
op]ations1 #ab2     encampm5t on1       
inundation1 & poison+ (1 #ab2     n to  
be cross$ :5 turbul5t1 #di2             
obs]vation ( draw]s f1 #ea     ,roads to
 avoid1 #de     ,rule1 z to survey ( l&1
 #cj2     g5]al above1 9 be/[+ rew>ds1  

#ff2     modifi$ by circum/ances1 #fg   
,s     ,sanctu>y1 reckon+ 91 be=e       
fight+1 #bj     ,scales1 9 laws ( w>1   
#cj     ,secret ( w>1 ,wutzu on1 #ajd   
,secret1 gr\nd ( approa*+ attack to be  
kept1 #cg     ,%51 ,duke1 #hd           
,%ield1 "o ( five arms1 #hh1 note       
,siege1 n to be und]tak51 if avoidable1 
#be2     mis=tunes entail$ by1 #be      
,simplicity1 "o ( five important matt]s 
= lead]1 #aja1 #ajb     ,simulation1 use
 (1 #cc     ,situation1 important matt] 
9 w>1 #ag     ,snakes 7bann]s71 #ii     
,soldi]s1 tra9+ (1 #ah2     /r5g? (1 #ah
     ,sp>r[s1 r$ 7bann]s71 #ii          
,spe>s1 weapons = %ort m51 #ih          
,spies1 e/imation (1 9 ,*9a1 #ac2       
,suntzu on p[] (1 #ac-ad2     on titles 
& sal>ies to1 #gj2     five k9ds (1 #ga2
     ( enemy1 #gc2     skillfully s[n1  
#ajc     ,_s ( troops1 #ca-cd2          
comp>$ to torr5t1 #cc2     good fight]  
seeks victory f1 #cd2     ke5 9 morn+1  
#dc2     su/a9$ by spe$1 #fj2           
influ5ce (1 #ajb     ,/ables1 c>e (1 #ii

     ,/&>d ( ,tak$a ,%+51 #db1 note     
,/&>ds to be entru/$ to /rong m51 #ih2  
,wutzu on use (1 #ajd     ,/rata1 ,*9ese
 division ( e>? & sky into n9e1 #bi1    
note     ,/ratagem1 ! attack by1 #bd-bg2
     use (1 on enclos$ gr\nd1 #fj2      
importance (1 9 w>1 #ag     ,/rategy1   
secrets (1 #bj2     h[ to outwit enemy  
by1 #bd2     assault by1 #be2     9 (f]+
 app>5t advantage1 #ce2     n to be     
repeat$1 if victori\s1 #ci     ,/eep    
place1 advantage (1 #aji     ,/ore      
burn+1 #fg     ,/r5g?1 fir/ 9 field     
husb&s1 #cd2     economy (1 #cg2        
ways ( husb&+1 #dc     ,/rong1 place (1 
) c[>dly1 #dc     ,sun4 7,see ,suntzu47 
,sunny gr\nd1 #i     ,suntzu1 place (1 9
 ,*9ese lit]ature1 #g2     on m>* (     
army1 #i2     on (f5sive action1 #aj2   
tactics (1 unlike ,japanese1 #aj2       
dis9t]e/$ comm5ts on w> by1 #ab-ac2     
rev]$ 9 ,japan1 #ad2     influ5ce (1 9  
late ,japanese w>1 #ae2     n patriot1 b
 /rategi/1 #ae2     /ory told (1 #ae-af2
     ,articles (1 #ag-gd2     on five   

indisp5sable matt]s1 #ag2     on        
op]ations ( w>1 #bj-bc2     on attack by
 /ratagem1 #bd-bg2     on ,ord] (       
,battle1 #bh-cj2     on _s ( troops1    
#ca-cd2     on empt9ess & /r5g?1 #cd-ci2
     on battle tactics1 #dj-dd2     on !
 ,n9e ,*anges1 #dd-df2     on movem5t ( 
troops1 #dg-ec2     on gr\nd1 #ec-eg2   
on ! ,n9e ,gr\nds1 #eh-fg2     on       
assault by fire1 #fg-fi2     on !       
employm5t ( spies1 #gj-gd     ,surprise1
 case ( enemy tak5 by1 #ajf     ,survey 
( l&1 #cj     ,susp5d$ gr\nd1 #ed       
,swamps1 movem5ts reg>d+1 #di           
,sympa?y1 betwe5 g5]al & soldi]s1 #ec2  
consequ5ces (1 #ef-eg       ,t          
,tables ( population1 #cj     ,tactics1 
skill 9 *ange (1 #ci2     difficulty (  
milit>y1 #dj2     battle1 #dj-dd        
,tak$a ,%+51 words on /&>d (1 #db1 note 
,tang1 ,"l1 ( ,*5g1 #gi     ,temp]1     
quick1 dang]\s fault 9 g5]al1 #df       
,tig]s1 :ite 7bann]s71 #ii              
,tortoises 7bann]s71 #ii     ,tra9+1 "o 
( sev5 important milit>y matt]s1 #ah2   

,wutzu e/eems fir/ requirem5t 9 w>1 #ig 
,transport1 loss (1 ?r\gh bad tactics1  
#da     ,trees1 movem5t among1 #di-ej   
,truce1 apologies betray anxiety =1 #eb 
,tsu1 numb] ( m5 91 #bd1 note           
,turtle1 enquiry by1 #gh1 & note        
,tyranny1 w> (1 #ha       ,u            
,umbrella1 "p ( ,*9ese soldi]'s         
equipm5t1 #i     ,uni=mity1 br\ght ab\t 
by au?ority1 #ec     ,unity results f   
position ( troops 9 enemy's l&1 #fa     
,unrighte\s w>1 #ha       ,v            
,valleys1 movem5t ( troops reg>d+ /eep1 
#di2     advance 91 #aab2     w> 91 #aab
     ,victory1 h[ to =etell1 #ah2       
in/rum5ts (1 #ba2     ! object ( w>1    
#bc1 #fi2     five h]alds (1 #bg2       
skillful soldi]s ensure1 #bh2     n     
always real success1 #bi2     h[ to     
calculate1 #cj2     _s1 great factor 91 
#cd2     gr\nd h&maid (1 #ef2     good  
gov]nm5t f\ndation (1 #ie               
,vigilance1 :5 especially necess>y1 #eb2
     "o ( five important matt]s = g5]al1
 #aja1 #ajb     ,village spies1 #ga     

,virtue ( ! pr9ce1 "o ( sev5 important  
matt]s1 #ah2     ess5tial = g5]al1 #ajc 
,virtues1 ! five1 compris$ 9 ,! ,way1   
#ag1 note     ,voices 9 night1          
signification (1 9 w>1 #ea       ,w     
,waggons1 co/ ( upkeep (1 #ba     ,w>1  
evils 9 tra9 (1 #ab-ac2     a ?+ (      
pret5ce1 #ai2     requirem5ts (1 #bj-ba2
     quick accompli%m5t (1 desirable1   
#ba1 #bb2     evils (1 %\ld be realis$1 
#bb2     victory--n long                
op]ations--object (1 #bc2     supreme   
art (1 #bd2     no fixity 9 _s (1 #ci2  
action on decl>ation (1 #ff2     five   
causes (1 #hj2     five natures (1 #ha2 
ways ( ov]com+ five natures (1 #ha      
,wat]1 army lik5$ to1 #ci2     troops 9 
relation to1 #dg2     obs]vation (      
draw]s (1 #ea2     isolation or division
 ( enemy by1 #fh-fi2     attack on enemy
 :o lacks1 #hi2     /rik+ ( enemy :5    
half across1 #ic1 #aad     ,way1 !1 an  
indisp5sable matt] 9 w>1 #ag2           
skillful lead] /eadfa/ 91 #cj2          
,wutzu on1 #gh-gi     ,weapons1 ! five1 

#hh1 note2     condition ( enemy's      
important1 #ia2     di/ribution (1 to   
tall1 %ort1 /rong1 bold1 feeble1 & wise1
 #ih     ,wei1 ,w51 ,"l (1 #ge2     army
 (1 opposes t ( ,*91 #aag-aah2          
victory by1 #aai     ,w51 ,pr9ce ( ,*91 
example (1 #hb     ,w51 ,"l ( ,wei1     
que/ions ,wutzu1 #ge2     result (      
que/ion+ by1 #gg2     addresses fur!r   
que/ions1 #ha1 #hc1 #he1 #ia1 #ib1 #ic1 
#id1 #ie1 #ih1 #ii1       #ajf1 #ajh1   
#aji1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #aad1 #aae1     
#aaf2     treatm5t by1 ( gue/s ) great1 
m$ium1 & defici5t m]it1 #aag2           
proposal by ,wutzu to1 #aah     ,:i/les1
 ,wutzu on use (1 #ajh     ,w9d1 "q (1 9
 assault by fire1 #fh2     attack on    
enemy :o has enc\nt]$1 #hi2             
direction (1 to be /udi$1 #ii           
,woods1 advance among1 #aab     ,words1 
big or smoo?1 mean+ (1 #ej     ,wu1     
numb] ( m5 91 #bd1 note     ,wu1 soldi]s
 (1 #ch2     hatr$ betwe5 m5 (1 & ^? (  
,yueh1 #fb     ,wutzu1 place (1 9 ,*9ese
 lit]ature1 #g2     (f5sive-def5sive    

tactics (1 #aj2     comm5ts dis9t]e/$ly 
on w>1 #ab-ac2     rev]$ 9 ,japan1 #ad2 
influ5ce (1 9 late ,japanese w>1 #ae2   
n patriot1 b /rategi/1 #ae2     in/ance 
( l[ moral "* (1 #af2     say+s (1      
#ge-aai2     a s*ol>1 b skill$ 9 w>1    
#ge2     made g5]al be=e alt>1 #gg2     
on controll+ army1 select+ m51 & /r5g!n+
 c\ntry1 #ha-hb2     on di/ribution (   
m51 #hb2     on battle array1 #hc2      
gives in/ance ( ,"l ,*uang ( ,*u1 #hd2  
say+s on e/imation ( ! enemy1 #he-ic2   
on eight cases ( attack1 #hi2     on six
 enemies to avoid1 #ij-ia2     on       
judgm5t ( enemy's condition1 #ib2     on
 be/ "t = attack1 #ib-ic2     on control
 ( army1 #ic-ajj2     on ma9t5ance (    
ord]1 #if2     on expectation ( life or 
dea?1 #if2     on tra9+1 #ig2     on    
treatm5t ( horses1 #ii2     on qualities
 ( g5]al1 #aja-ajg2     on f\r important
 influ5ces ( w>1 #ajb2     on use (     
bells1 drums1 flags1 /&>ds1 bann]s1     
laws1 &       p5alties1 #ajd2     on    
secret ( w>1 #ajd2     advice = case (  

troops 9 confusion1 #ajh2     on        
num]ical diff]5ces1 #aji2     on        
division ( troops into five armies1     
#aaj-aaa2     on diff]5ces ( position1  
#aab2     on w> 9 valleys1 #aab2     on 
wat] fight+1 #aad2     on fight+ aft]   
long ra91 #aad2     on pillage by enemy1
 #aae2     on inve/+ a ca/le1 #aae2     
on imp>tiality1 #aaf2     success (     
c\nsels (1 #aai       ,y     ,yang1     
pr9ciple 9 ,*9ese philosophy1 #ah1 note 
,y51 e/imation ( soldi]s (1 #he-hf2     
nature (1 #hg     ,y91 pr9ciple 9 ,*9ese
 philosophy1 #ah1 note     ,y91 prov9ce 
(1 #gc     ,y91 ev5 numb]1 #gf1 note    
,yueh1 cont9ually at w> ) ,wu1 #ch1 note
     ,yuhu1 ,pr9ce1 #gf                 
,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,ed9burgh ,,press1 #i 
,,& #aa ,,"y ,,/reet      ,,footnotes3  
#a ,! five virtues ( humanity1          
righte\sness1 propriety1 wisdom &  fai? 
are kn[n z ,! ,way4    #b ,! ,y9 & ,yang
 are ! two pr9ciples into :i* natural   
ph5om5a are divid$ 9 ,*9ese philosophy4 
,y9 is ! mascul9e1  active1 or light    

pr9ciple1 & ,yang is ! fem99e1 passive1 
or d>k  pr9ciple4 ,9 ?is connection1 day
 & night1 ra91 mi/ & w9d are  designat$4
    #c ,! ,*9ese army consi/$ ( #ab1ejj1
 ! lu ( #ejj1 tsu ( #ej1  & ! wu ( #e   
m54    #d ,! ,*uy9 0 a l>ge t[] or "w   
con/ruct$ to give comm&  ov] ! int]ior (
 ! enemy's =tress4    ,high poles 7 also
 erect$1 f ! top ( :i* ar*]s1 ea*       
encas$ 9 an arr[-pro( box & rais$ by a  
rope & pulley1 %ot at  ! besieg$4    #e 
,lit]ally #i? heav51 & #i? e>?4 ,!      
,*9ese divid$ ! e>?  & sky ea* into #i  
/rata4    #f ,an animal's coat is ?9ne/ 
9 autumn4    #g ,! drum 0 us$ to beat ! 
assembly & 9 ! advance1 ! bell  z a     
signal to halt4 ,flags 7 ( two k9ds1    
signall+ flags &  di/+ui%+ bann]s4    #h
 ,! normal & ! abnormal ref] to :at 9   
mod]n phrase are  t]m$ ! frontal or     
hold+ =ce & ! flank+ or surprise =ce4   
#i ,! five c>d9al ta/es are1 acridity1  
bitt]ness1 s\rness1  sweetness & sal9e  
ta/e4    #aj ,sun1 z has be5 said1 0 a  
man ( ,wu4 ,wu & ,yueh 7  cont9ually at 

w>4    #aa ,wood1 fire1 e>?1 metal &    
wat]4    #ab ,?is passage 0 writt5 on ! 
/&>d ( ,tak$a ,%+51 "o (  ,japan's mo/  
fam\s g5]als4    #ac ,?is & ! foll[+ are
 s call$ because ! m5 are  cont9ually   
?9k+ (1 & slipp+ back to _! homes4      
#ad ,! population 0 divid$1 = milit>y   
purposes1 into gr\ps (  eight families4 
,9 "t ( w>1 ea* gr\p s5t "o man into !  
field1  furni%$ 8 wants1 & provid$ = 8  
family4 ,!re=e if #ajj1jjj  m5 are tak51
 #gjj1jjj homes are affect$4    #ae ,s  
call$ because !y are put to dea? :5 !   
enemy f9ds out  t he has be5 trick$4    
#af ,mess5g]s & o!rs1 :o d n disguise _!
 id5tity1 are  includ$ "u ?is head+4    
#ag ,lit]ally1 "r & left m51 i4e4 !y :o 
sat on ei!r side4    #ah ,all numb]s    
connect$ ) weapons 7 ,y91 t is to       
say--ev51  or belong+ to ! negative     
pr9ciple ( ,*9ese philosophy f _!       
connection ) dea?4    #ai ,! back ( a   
turtle 0 burnt1 & ! answ] 0 asc]ta9$ by 
! mann] 9 :i* ! %ell split4    #bj      
,halb]d1 %ield1 javel91 pike1 & %ort    

pike4    #ba ,sil5tly4                99
      99      99      99      99      99
          ,transcrib]'s note3        ,e 
ef=t has be5 made to replicate ?is text 
z fai?fully z      possible4        ,,oe
 ligatures h be5 exp&$4        ,! foll[+
 is a li/ ( *anges made to ! orig9al4   
,! fir/ l9e is ! orig9al l9e1 ! second !
 correct$ "o4        ,page #dj3         
reap advantage2 ! wrangles ( a multitude
 are fr\ght ) p]il4      reap advantage2
 ! wrangles ( a multitude are fraught ) 
p]il4        ,page #ib3        ,*i      
answ]$ & said3--      ,wu answ]$ &      
said3--        ,page #ie3        ,by :at
 means c ! army ga9 ! victory8      ,by 
:at means c ! army ga9 ! victory8       
,page #aji3        ,& ,"l ,wu ask$ &    
said3--      ,& ,"l ,w5 ask$ & said3--