,a ,,c\rse ,,( ,me*anical1 ,magnetical1 ,optical1 ,hydro/atical1 ,,& ,pneumatical ,,exp]im5ts4 ,to be p]=m'd by ,,francis ,,hauksbee2 & ! ,explanatory ,lectures read by ,,william ,,:i/on1 ,m4 ,a4 ,,me*anicks4 #a/ ,day4 ,,sir ,,isaac ,,newton's ,?ree ,laws ( ,motion1 or ,nature1 demon/rat$ by ,exp]im5ts4 ,t ! ,velocity ( ,fall+ ,bodies is z ! ,times ( ,fall+1 & ! ,l9es ( ,desc5t 9 ! ,duplicate ,proportion ( ^? ,times4 ,an ,in/rum5t to measure ! ,=ce ( ,fall+ ,bodies4 ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! ,slid+1 ,roll+1 & ,fall+ ( ,bodies4 ,t ,bodies w asc5d z high1 z :5ce !y fall by ! la/ ,velocity impress'd1 :5 all ,ob/acles are remov$4 ,t ,bodies by a comp\nd ,=ce move 9 a ,diagonal ,l9e4 #b;d--,! ,balance & ,/ily>d1 ) all _! ,prop]ties & ,uses %ewn & expla9'd4 ,! ,me?od ( e/imat+ ! ,mom5tum1 or ,quantity ( ,motion 9 any giv5 ,body4 ,! g5]al ,pr9ciple ( ,me*anicks e/abli%$ ^u ?is ,me?od4 ,exp]im5ts to demon/rate ! diff]5t ,effects ( ! same ,weight ( ,p[] act+ 9 diff]5t ,directions at ! same ,po9t ( any ,eng9e4 ,! ,resolution ( ,=ces into ^? ( o!r ,directions4 ,all ! v>i\s ,k9ds ( ,lev]s expla9'd4 #c;d--,all ! ,phnom5a ( ,pulleys1 bo? s+le & 9 all _! possible ,comb9ations expla9'd4 ,! ,p[] ( ! ,:eel or ,axis 9 ,p]itro*io expla9'd4 ,! ,w$ge1 ) ! ,me?od ( comp>+ its ,=ce1 d$uc$ f ,exp]im5ts4 ,! ,screw1 ) ! mann] ( comput+ its ,=ce4 ,a ,comp\nd ,eng9e4 #d?--,an ,exp]im5t ( ,lift+ a ,weight by a ,*a9 ( ,inflat$ ,bladd]s1 ) its ,application to ,muscul> ,motion4 ,galilo's ,demon/ration conc]n+ ! ,/r5g? ( ! ,bones1 ,timb]1 c4 r$uc$ to ,exp]im5t4 ,! ,me?od ( comput+ ! ,=ce ( ! ,air on ! ,sails ( ,w9dmills1 & ( ,%ips2 & ( ,wat] on ,wat]-,:eels1 & on ! ,rudd] ( a ,%ip4 ,exp]im5ts to %ew ! proportional ,advantages ( l>ge & small ,:eels1 9 all ,sorts ( ,c>riages1 z ,c\*es1 ,waggons1 ,c>ts1 c4 #e?--,an ,exp]im5t to %ew1 t ! lat]al ,motion comp\nd$ ) ! p]p5dicul> ,projection1 does n alt] ! ,l9e ( ,asc5t or ,desc5t 9 ! project$ ,body4 ,! mo/ consid]able ,objections aga9/ ! ,motion ( ! ,e>?1 answ]$ f ?is ,exp]im5t4 ,t ! ,l9e describ$ by a ,projectile is a ,p>abola4 ,! ,exp]im5ts ^u :i* ! ,art ( ,gunn]y does dep5d1 mo/ exactly p]=m'd4 #f?--,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ,p5dulums4 ,! ,description & *ief ,prop]ties ( ! ,cycloid1 & ! ,application ( ,cycloidal ,*eeks = regulat+ ! ,vibrations ( ,p5dulums4 ,an ,exp]im5t to %ew ! ,analogy betwe5 ! ,sw+s ( a ,p5dulum & ! ,waves ( ! ,sea4 ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! ,expansion ( ,metals by ,heat4 #g?--,! ,laws ( ,motion 9 ! ,collision ( ,h>d & ,ela/ick ,bodies4 ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! ,c5trifugal & ,c5tripetal ,=ces ( ,solid & ,fluid ,bodies 9 ,motion4 ,exp]im5ts 9 ord] to e/imate ! ,c5trifugal ,=ces ( ,solid ,bodies4 ,,magneticks4 #h? ,day4 ,attractive & ,directive ,p[]s ( ,load/ones4 ,! ,=m or ,position ( ,fil+s ( ,iron at ! ,poles & ,equator ( a ,load/one4 ,magnetick ,p[] acts ?ro' all ,bodies b ,iron4 ,! ,attraction ( diff]5t1 & ,repulse ( correspond+ ,poles4 ,! mann] ( t\*+ & unt\*+ ( ,ne$les4 ,! ,law ( ,magnetick ,attraction discov]'d4 #i?--,! ,phnom5a ( ,t]rella1 or ,sph]ical ,load/ones4 ,! ,direction ( ,magnetick ,ne$les on ! ,surfaces ( ,t]rella ne>ly t[>ds ! ,poles4 ,_! ,v>iation ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,! ,incl9atory or ,dipp+-,ne$le1 ) ! ,law ( ! ,alt]ation ( t ,incl9ation on ! ,surface ( a ,t]rella4 ,! ,t]re/rial ,magnetism consid]'d4 ,! ,application ( ! ,dipp+-,ne$le to ! ,discov]y ( ! ,longitude & ,latitude ( ,places by ,l& & ,sea4 ,,opticks4 #aj? ,day4 ,exp]im5ts to demon/rate1 t 9 ! ,rays ( ,light ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce is equal to ! ,angle ( ,reflection 9 all ,sorts ( ,surfaces4 ,! ,me?od ( trac+ ! reflect$ ,rays ( ,light f ,pla91 ,convex1 ,concave1 & ,cyl9drical ,sup]ficies1 ) all _! wond]ful ,prop]ties & ,uses1 %ew'd & expla9'd4 #aa?--,sir ,is4 ,newton's ,reflect+ ,telescope exhibit$1 & its ,con/ruction expla9$2 toge!r ) "s ,specim5s ( its ,uses 9 obs]v+ ! ,planets & ,fix$ ,/>s4 #ab?--,exp]im5ts to %ew ! ,mann] ( ,refraction4 ,! ,s9es ( ! ,angles ( ,incid5ce & ,refraction1 %ewn to be 7at all ,degrees ( ,incid5ce7 9 a con/ant ,proportion to ea* o!r4 ,an ,in/rum5t to measure ! ,refraction ( ,fluids4 ,! ,me?od ( trac+ ! ,refract$ ,rays ( ,light ?ro' ,pla91 ,convex1 & ,concave ,sup]ficies4 #ac?--,an artificial ,eye1 9 :i* all ! ,coats & ,hum\rs are curi\sly repres5t$4 ,! ,dissection ( ! ,eye4 ,! ,explication ( ,vision by ! nak$ ,eye1 d$uc$ f ,exp]im5ts4 #ad?--,all ! ,effects1 ,prop]ties1 & ,uses ( ,pla91 ,convex1 & ,concave ,glasses1 bo? s+le & comb9'd 9 ,telescopes & ,microscopes1 %ew'd & expla9'd4 ,sev]al ,k9ds ( ,microscopes & ,telescopes1 ) ! ,mann] ( apply+ !m to _! respective ,objects2 toge!r ) a ,specim5 ( ! ,uses ( su* ,microscopes & ,telescopes4 ,a ,multiply+ ,glass4 ,! ,magick ,lan?orn4 #ae?--,a p>ticul> ,app>atus to manife/ & measure ! ,refraction ( ,air4 ,! ,cam]a ,obscura4 ,! ,!ory ( ,light & ,col\rs1 z deliv]$ by ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 demon/rat$ by sev]al ( 8 pr9cipal ,exp]im5ts4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,spalato's ,exp]im5t1 :i* discov]$ ! ,cause ( ! ,ra9b[4 ,monsieur ,hug5's ,exp]im5ts1 :i* discov] ! ,causes ( ,halo's1 ( ! ,mock ,suns & ,moons1 & ( inv]t$ ,ra9b[s4 ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! bl5d+ & ,production ( ,col\rs by ,motion4 ,,hydro/aticks4 #af? ,day4 ,t ,fluids gravitate 9 proprio loco1 ! upp] ,p>ts cont9ually press+ ^u ! l[]3 ,t ?is ,pressure is n only propagat$ ,d[nw>ds1 b ev5 ,upw>ds1 & ,sideways1 accord+ to all possible ,directions2 ,t a light] ,fluid may gravitate ^u a heavi]1 & an heavi] ^u a light]2 ,t a ,fluid may su/a9 a ,body heavi] 9 ,specie ?an x self1 & ev5 raise x up2 ,t a ,fluid may deta9 a ,body light] 9 ,specie ?an x self1 & ev5 depress x4 ,a g5]al ,exp]im5t to prove1 t a compet5t ,pressure ( a ,fluid may produce ! rem>kable ,phnom5a ( ! ,torricellian ,tube1 ! ,pump1 ,syr+e1 ,syphon1 poli%$ ,plates1 & o!r ,effects ( ! l ,nature4 #ag?--,t ,fluids press accord+ to _! p]p5dicul> ,altitudes1 :atev] be _! ,quantities1 or h[ev] ! conta9+ ,vessels be figur$4 ,! exact ,e/imate ( all mann] ( ,pressures4 ,t ! ,velocity & ,quantity ( ,fluids runn+ out at a giv5 ,hole1 is 9 ! subduplicate ,proportion ( _! p]p5dicul> ,altitudes4 ,sev]al ,sorts ( ,pumps4 ,( ! s9k+ & float+ ( ,bodies imm]s'd 9 ,fluids2 _! relative ,gravities & ,levities2 _! ,situations & ,positions4 ,! ,phnom5a ( ,glass ,bubbles & ,images acc\nt$ =4 #ah?--,an ,in/rum5t to f9d out ! ,specifick ,gravity ( all ,liquors4 ,! ,hydro/atical ,balance expla9'd1 ) ! ,me?ods ( det]m9+ ! ,specifick ,gravities ( all ,sorts ( ,bodies1 :e!r ,solid or ,fluid1 !reby4 ,! ,praxis ( ! ,hydro/atical ,balance1 :]eby ! ,specifick ,gravities ( sev]al p>ticul> ,bodies are actually f\nd out4 ,"s ,acc\nt ( ! v>i\s ,uses ( su* ,enquiries4 ,,pneumaticks illu/rat$ by ,exp]im5ts = ! mo/ "p ,tubul>1 be+ su* z 7 wont to be made be=e ! ,air-,pump 0 inv5t$4 #ai? ,day4 ,! sev]al ,phnom5a ( ! ,torricellian ,exp]im5t exhibit$ & expla9$4 ,o!r ,exp]im5ts ( ! l ,nature1 ) ,fluids v>i\sly comb9'd4 ,sev]al ,sorts ( ,b>omet]s1 ,!rmomet]s1 & ,hygroscopes4 ,! ,pressure ( ! ,air %ewn by ,exp]im5t to be diff]5t at diff]5t ,altitudes f ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?4 #bj?--,! ,d5sity & ,spr+ ( ! ,air prov$ by sev]al ways to be z ! ,=ce :i* compresses x1 & reciprocally z ! ,spaces into :i* x is compress'd4 ,f h5ce an ,enquiry is made into ! ,limits & ,/ate ( ! ,atmosph]e4 #ba/--,! ,effects ( ! ,weight & ,spr+ ( ! ,air 9 ,syr+es1 ,pumps1 ,siphons1 poli%$ ,plates1 ,cupp+-,glasses1 ,suction3 ,respiration expla9$ by artificial ,lungs2 ,t ! ,air may be s disord]'d by a viol5t ,impulse1 z to require ,"t to recov] its ,/r5g? & ,ela/icity aga94 ,! m kn[n ,prop]ties ( ! ,air e/abli%$ by ! ,air-,pump1 & o!r ,eng9es4 #bb;d ,day4 ,! ,air-,pump2 ! ,in/rum5ts = ,cond5s+ & ,transf]r+ ( ,air2 _! ,fabrick1 ,op]ation1 & ,gages expla9$4 #bc;d--,a ,p>cel ( ,air weigh$ 9 ! ,balance2 its ,specifick ,gravity to t ( ,wat] det]m9$ !reby2 an artificial ,/orm1 %ew+ t high ,w9ds may make ! ,b>omet] s9k mu* & sudd5ly4 #bd?--,! ,weight1 ,pressure1 & ,spr+ ( ! ,air prov'd sev]al ways2 by ! ,s5se ( ,feel+2 by break+ ,glass ,vials2 ! ,phnom5a ( ,bladd]s1 ,glass-bubbles1 ,f\nta9s2 ! ,g>d9]'s ,wat]+-,pot2 ! ,div+-,bell1 c4 #be?--,! ,torricellian ,tube 9 ,vacuo2 ,quicksilv] rais$ to ! usual ,height ( ! ,wea!r-,glass1 by ! b>e ,spr+ ( a little includ$ ,air2 ,otto ,g]ick's ,hemisph]es2 & t d5se ,air has ! same ,advantage ov] common ,air1 z t has ov] a ,vacuum4 ,! ,ebullition ( ,liquors 9 ,vacuo2 ! ,quantity ( ,air conta9'd 9 !m2 ! ,su/5tation ( ,fumes & ,vap\rs2 ! ,desc5t ( ,bodies 9 ,vacuo4 ,! m hidd5 ,prop]ties ( ! ,air consid]'d by ! help ( ! l ,eng9es4 #bf? ,day4 ,! ,influ5ce ( ! ,air exam9'd z to ! ,causes ( ,magnetism2 ! ,ela/icity ( ,spr+s2 ! ,cohsion ( ! ,p>ts ( ,matt]2 ! ,sph]icity ( ! ,drops ( ,fluids2 ! ,asc5t ( ,liquors 9 capill>y ,tubes1 & betwe5 ,glass-,planes 9 ! ,curve ( ! ,hyp]bola1 bo? by ! ,attractive & ,repulsive ,p[] ( ! ,glass4 #bg?--,! ,influ5ce ( ! ,air1 z to ,s\nds1 ,fire1 & ,flame2 ! ,consumption ( ,fuel2 ! fir+ ( ,gunp[d]2 ! ,effects ( r>ifi$1 cond5s$1 & burnt ,air ^u ! ,life ( ,animals4 #bh?--,a ,piece ( ,phosphorus 9 ,vacuo2 new ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! ,m]curial ,phosphori2 ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! ,electricity ( ,bodies4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,e ,,subscrib] is to pay ,?ree ,gu9eas2 ,"o ,gu9ea at ! ,"t ( ,subscription1 & ! ,rema9d]1 ! ,fir/ ,day ( ! ,c\rse4 ,,subscriptions are tak5 9 at ,mr4 ,:i/on's1 9 ,great ,russel-,/reet2 & at ,mr4 ,hauksbee's1 9 ,crane-,c\rt 9 ,fleet/reet2 :]e ! ,c\rse is to be p]=m'd4 ,adv]tisem5t4 ,air-,pumps1 or ,eng9es = ,exhau/+ ! ,air f prop] ,vessels1 ) all _! ,appurt5ances2 :]eby ! v>i\s ,prop]ties & ,uses ( t ,fluid are discov]'d & demon/rat$ by und5iable ,exp]im5ts4 ,eng9es = ! ,compression ( ! ,air3 ,f\nta9s1 9 :i* ! ,wat]1 or o!r ,liquor1 is made to asc5d by ! ,=ce ( ! ,air's ,spr+4 ,syr+es & ,bl[-,pipes1 ) ,valves = ,anatomical ,injections4 ,hydro/atical ,balances1 = det]m9+ ! ,specifick ,gravity ( ,fluids & ,solids4 ,! ,eng9e & ,glasses = ! ,new ,way ( ,cupp+ )\t ,fire4 ,sc>ificators1 :i* at once make ei!r #aj1 #ac1 or #af ,incisions4 ,wea!r-,glasses ( all ,sorts1 z ,b>omet]s1 ,!rmomet]s1 c4 ,reflect+ ,telescopes1 by :i* 9 s %ort a ,l5g? z ,six ,feet1 all t has hi!rto be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,heav5s 7by ! longe/ ,telescopes ( ! common ,con/ruction7 may be obs]v$4 ,all ! above-m5tion'd ,in/rum5ts1 accord+ to _! ,late/ & ,be/ ,improvem5ts1 are made & sold by ,,francis ,,hauksbee1 9 ,crane-,c\rt 9 ,fleet/reet1 ,london4 ,me*anicks ,plate ,i4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 #a ,,me*anicks4 ,an ,explication ( ! ,fir/ ,,plate4 ,figure4 #a4 ,?is belongs to ,galilo's fam\s ,demon/ration ( ! ,velocities & ,times ( ,bodies desc5d+ by an uni=m ,=ce1 su* is t ( ,gravity "h bel[3 ,& %ews t !y w ev] fall 9 equal ,times1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 c4 accord+ to ! odd ,numb]s1 #a1 #c1 #e1 #g1 c4 or ! ,trapezia ,b ,c ,d ,e1 ,d ,e ,f ,g1 ,f ,g ,h ,i1 c4 & by consequ5ce1 t _! ,velocity w increase uni=mly 9 ,proportion to ! ,l9es ,b ,c1 ,d ,e1 ,f ,g1 ,h ,i1 c4 or to ! ,times ( ,desc5t4 ,& t ! entire ,l9es ( _! ,desc5t w be z ! ,triangles ,a ,b ,c1 ,a ,d ,e1 ,a ,f ,g1 ,a ,h ,i1 c4 or z ! ,squ>es ( ^? ,times1 #a1 #d1 #i1 #af1 c4 ,fig4 #b4 ,?is is a /rong ,balance = an ,exp]im5t to prove ! =m] ,proposition1 by %ew+ t any ,bullet or ,ball1 :5 x falls f f\r ,times ! ,height1 has twice1 f n9e ,times ! ,height has ?rice its =m] ,velocity or ,=ce2 & w accord+ly raise a d\ble or triple ,weight 9 ! opposite ,scale1 to ! same ,height1 & no m2 & s = ev]4 ,fig4 #c4 ,?is %ews h[ ,bodies ^u an incl9'd ,plane w slide1 if ! ,p]p5dicul> ?r\gh ! ,c5t] ( _! ,gravity falls )92 & w r[l1 if t ,p]p5dicul> fall )\t _! common ,section4 ,fig4 #d4 ,?is %ews t an oblique ,body w /&1 if ! ,p]p5dicul> ?r\gh its ,c5t] ( ,gravity cut ! ,base2 & t x w fall1 if x cut n ! ,base3 ,z accord+ly we /& :5 ! ,p]p5dicul> ?r\gh ! ,c5t] ( ,gravity ( our ,bodies falls )9 ! ,base ( our ,feet2 & we are ready to tumble :5 x falls )\t ! same4 ,fig4 #e4 ,?is is a ,conick ,rhombus1 or two "r ,cones1 ) a common ,base1 r[l+ upw>ds to ,appe>ance1 or f ,e t[>ds ,f & ,g3 ,:i* ,po9ts are set high] by ,screws ?an ! ,po9t ,e4 ,b s t ! ,declivity f ,c t[>ds ,a & ,b is great] ?an ! ,aclivity f ,e t[>ds ,f & ,g4 ,:5ce x is pla91 t ! ,axis & ,c5t] ( ,gravity d really desc5d all ! ,way4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is a ,balance1 9 an horizontal ,po/ure1 ) weights at ,di/ances f ! ,c5t] reciprocally proportional to !mselves2 & !reby 9 quilibrio4 ,fig4 #g4 & #h4 ,are two o!r ,balances 9 an horizontal ,po/ure1 ) sev]al ,weights on ea* ,side1 s adju/$1 t ! ,sum ( ! ,motion on "o ,side1 made by multiply+ ea* ,weight by its ,velocity1 or ,di/ance f ! ,c5t]1 & s add$ toge!r1 is equal to t on ! o!r3 ,& s all /ill 9 quilibrio4 ,fig4 #i4 ,belongs to ! ,laws ( ,motion1 9 ! ,collision ( ,bodies to be tri$ ) ,p5dulums1 or o!rwise1 bo? z to ,ela/ical ,bodies1 & to ^? :i* are n ,ela/ical4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,belongs to t ,fam\s & ,fundam5tal ,law ( ,motion1 t if a ,body be impell'd by two di/9ct ,=ces 9 an ,proportion1 x w 9 ! same ,"t move along ! ,diagonal ( t ,p>allelogram1 ^: ,sides w\ld h be5 describ'd by ^? di/9ct ,=ces2 & t accord+ly all ,l9es1 9 :i* ,bodies move1 be consid]'d z ,diagonals ( ,p>allelograms2 & s may be resolv$ into ^? two ,=ces1 :i* w\ld h be5 necess>y = ! di/9ct ,motions along _! two ,sides respectively3 ,:i* gr& ,law includes ! ,composition & ,resolution ( all ,motions :atsoev]1 & is ( ! greate/ ,use 9 ,me*anical & ,natural ,philosophy4 ,fig4 #aa4 ,are two polite ,pla9s incl9$ to "o ano!r1 to %ew t ! ,desc5t d[n "o ,pla9 w elevate a ,ball almo/ to an equal ,height on ! o!r4 ,plate ,,ii4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 ,,me*anicks4 #b ,an ,explication ( ! ,second ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is ! deceitful ,balance2 :i* yet is 9 quilibrio because ! ,weights #bc & #bd are reciprocally proportional to _! ,di/ances f ! ,c5t] ( ,motion4 ,n[ ?is ,*eat is easily discov]'d by *ang+ ! ,position ( ! ,weights1 & putt+ ea* ( !m into ! o!r ,scale1 :i* w !n be v unequal1 or ne>ly z #aa to #ab4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is t sort ( ,balance :i* is call$ a ,/ili>d1 & ( frequ5t ,use among u4 ,x is only a ,common ,balance1 ) ,weights at ,di/ances f ! ,c5t] ( ,motion reciprocally ,proportionable to !mselves3 ,only "h ! ,l5g? ( ,"p ( ! ,beam is comp5sat$ by a l>ge ,ball or ,weight ,b1 fix$ to ! %ort] ,beam2 & "o ,weight z w remov$ along equal ,divisions is made use ( to weigh sev]al o!rs1 z #f w4 c4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is design'd to %ew h[ any ,=ce is dim9i%'d by its ,obliquity2 & t a ,weight hung obliquely at #c1 #b1 #a1 9 ! ,circumf]5ce ( a ,circle or ,:eel1 is ( no m ,efficacy1 z to ! turn+ ( ! ,:eel r\nd1 ?an if x 7 hung p]p5dicul>ly at ! correspond+ ,po9ts #c1 #b1 #a1 9 ! ,semidiamet] ( ! same ,circle4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is ! ,demon/ration ( ! =m] ,case1 by %ew+ t 9 ^? ,circum/ances ! ,=ce ,p ,b is resolv$ into two ,b ,f & ,b ,g1 ( :i* ,b ,f pulls directly f ! ,c5t]1 & is ( no ,use to ! turn+ ! ,:eel r\nd3 ,& s all ! rema9+ ,=ce is repres5t$ by ! p]p5dicul> ,=ce ,b ,g1 :i* is :olly sp5t 9 turn+ x r\nd4 ,s t z ,b ,p is to ,b ,g1 s is ! :ole oblique ,=ce1 to ! real or direct ,=ce3 ,or s1 9 ! simil> ,triangle ,b ,e ,c1 is ,b ,c ! :ole oblique ,radius1 to ,c ,e ! ,p]p5dicul>3 ,or s 9 ! =ego+ ,figure is ,o #a1 ,o #b1 ,o #c1 ! common ,hypot5use or entire ,radius1 to ,o #a1 ,o #b1 ,o #c1 ! ,bases or %ort] ,radij1 :]e ! ,/r+ cuts ! entire ,radius p]p5dicul>ly4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is ! fir/ ,sort ( ,lev]1 :]e ,c ! ,prop is betwe5 ! ,resi/ance to be ov]come1 or ,weight to be mov$ #e w1 & w #a ! ,p[] or ,weight to move ! o!r by3 ,& is s l ! ,case ( ! ,balance or ,/ili>d1 t x ne$s no p>ticul> ,explication4 ,a ,cr[ ( ,iron is ( ?is ,sort4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is ! second ,sort ( ,lev]1 :]e ! ,resi/ance to be ov]come1 or ,weight to be mov$ w #c1 is betwe5 ! ,prop ,c & ! ,po9t ,a1 to :i* by ! means ( ! ,pulley ,p1 ! ,p[] or ,weight to move ! o!r by1 is appli$4 ,bak]s ,knives = cutt+ ,bread are commonly ( ?is ,sort4 ,fig4 #g4 ,is ! ?ird ,sort ( ,lev]1 :]e ! ,resi/ance to be ov]come1 or ,weight to be mov$1 w #b is at "o ,end1 ! ,prop at ! o!r1 & ! ,p[] or ,weight w #c betwe5 !m4 ,a ,ladd] lift$ up by ! ,middle1 9 ord] to be re>'d1 :]e "o ,end is fix$1 is ( ?is ,sort4 ,only ! ,=ce be+ 9 ?is ,case ne>] ! ,prop ?an ! ,resi/ance to be ov]come1 or ,weight to be mov$1 ?is ,sort ( ,lev] dim9i%es ,=ce in/ead ( increas+ x1 & is !re=e ( little ,use4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is a common ,lev] ( ! fir/ ,sort1 ) its ,prop & equal ,divisions1 fit to be us$ z ! ,/ili>d4 ,fig4 #i4 ,is a comp\nd ,lev] ( ! fir/ ,sort1 z long z ! s+le "o j above x1 :]e a ,weight at ,g1 by be+ d\bl$ ?ree sev]al ,times1 w raise eight ,times its own ,weight at ,a1 z well z ! o!r does x at once4 ,?is la/ is !re=e ( ! same ,=ce z ! =m]1 & no m2 & by be+ comp\nd$1 is less consid]able ?an ! o!r4 ,n4 ,b4 ,_h ! ,proportion 9 ! ,comp\nd ,lev]1 ,fig4 #i4 be5 o!rwise1 z suppose ! ,"p ,b ,c on "o ,side ( ! ,prop ,b ?ree ,times ! ,l5g? ( ,a ,b on ! o!r ,side1 & ! same 9 ! o!r two ,lev]s ,c ,e & ,e ,g2 !n ! ,weight ,g be+ b ! #bg? ,"p ( ! ,weight at ,a1 w be 9 quilibrio ) x4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,is a b5d$ ,lev] ( ! fir/ ,sort1 :]e ,c ! ,prop is at an ,angle1 & ! ,=ce is increas'd ) ,c ,h1 ! ,di/ance ( ! ,weight w #a1 :i* by ! means ( ! ,pulley ,p1 is appli$ to ! long] ,"p ( ! ,lev]2 & 9 ?is ,lev]1 ! ,p[] is to ! ,resi/ance reciprocally z _! ,di/ances4 ,an ,hamm] draw+ out a ,nail is su* a b5d$ ,lev]4 ,fig4 #aa1 #ab4 ,%ew t ,lev]s or ,balances t are ev5 :5 horizontal1 may be unev5 9 o!r ,positions2 t is1 too light :5 ! ,c5t] ( ,gravity ( "o ,weight is fix'd to ! ,lev] or ,balance above1 & x is elevat$2 or bel[1 & depress'd3 ,because ! ,p]p5dicul> cuts ! horizontal ,l9e too ne> ! ,c5t] 9 ^! ,cases4 ,plate ,,iii4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 ,,me*anicks4 #c ,an ,explication ( ! ,?ird ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is a ,sort ( ,comp\nd ,lev] ( ! second ,k9d1 :]e ! ,weight ,h #f is unequally born by ! ,weights ,f #d & ,g #b1 :i* are reciprocally proportional to ! ,di/ances ,c ,b & ,c ,a2 & are accord+ly 9 quilibrio4 ,:5ce we see h[ two ,m5 may be> unequal ,p>ts ( ! same ,weight1 9 ,proportion to _! ,ne>ness !reto4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is ano!r ,eng9e ( ! same ,nature ) ! =m]2 :]e ! ,l9es ,d ,c1 ,a ,e1 ,b ,f1 & ! ,lev] ,a ,b1 are p>allel to ! ,horizon2 b ! ,l9es on :i* ! ,weights hang ,d w #g1 ,e w #e1 ,f w #b1 are p]p5dicul> !reto2 & "h a ,=ce or ,weight pull+ at ! ,po9t ,c su/a9s ! unequal ,weights w #e & w #b 9 quilibrio3 ,provid$ ! ,di/ances ,c ,b & ,c ,a be reciprocally proportional to ^? ,weights4 ,:5ce we le>n1 h[ ,horses ( unequal ,/r5g? may be duly fitt$ to pres]ve equally 9 _! ,lab\r2 viz4 by tak+ c>e t ! ,beam by :i* !y bo? draw a ,weight or ,waggon1 may be divid$ at ! ,po9t ( ,traction z ,c1 9 reciprocal ,proportion to su* _! ,/r5g?4 ,fig4 #c4 ,a ,b is an upp] ,pulley1 ( no direct ,advantage1 b = ,read9ess ( ! ,motion1 z increas+ n ! ,p[] at all2 equal ,weights be+ ev] requir$ to raise o!rs4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is an upp] & an "u ,pulley connect$ toge!r2 :]e ! upp] be+ ( no ,efficacy1 ! l[] does h[ev] d\ble ! ,=ce1 z is ev] ! ,case 9 su* ,pulleys4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is a ,comp\nd ,pulley ( ?ree upp] & ?ree "u ,pulleys1 all communicat+ toge!r2 :]e !re=e ! :ole ,weight is divid$ among #f ,/r+s2 & s #a ,p\nd balances #f ,p\nd4 ,! la/ ,/r+ ,b ,m #a1 z pass+ beyond ! la/ upp] ,pulley1 n be+ "h to be reckon'd ( any ,consequ5ce4 ,fig4 #f4 & #g4 ,^! are ,boxes ( ! same ,numb] ( upp] & "u ,pulleys ) ! =m]2 only 9 o!r ,positions1 & dep5d on ! same ,pr9ciple entirely4 ,plate ,,iv4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 ,,me*anicks4 #d ,an ,explication ( ! ,f\r? ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is a ,sy/em ( ,pulleys connect$ toge!r1 :]eby ! ,=ce is increas$ by ,addition 9 ,proportion to ! ,numb] ( ,cords2 s t "o ,p\nd1 w #a1 su/a9s five ,p\nds1 w #e1 z mu/ happ5 f ! ,equality ( ! /ret*+ ( ! :ole ,cord1 & ! consequ5t ,division ( ! :ole ,weight into five equal ,p>ts1 z equally support$ by !m all4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is a ,sy/em ( ,pulleys n connect$ toge!r1 :]eby ! ,=ce is increas'd1 = e l[] ,pulley2 accord+ to ! ,numb]s1 #b1 #d1 #h1 9 a d\ble ,proportion2 because e l[] ,pulley d\bles ! ,=ce ( ! =m]2 z is evid5t at ! fir/ ,sight2 s9ce ! ,velocity ( ,asc5t or ,desc5t ( ! great] ,weight is e ,"t b half s great z be=e4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is ! ,axis 9 ,p]itro*io2 or ,:eel1 ) its ,axel2 :]e any ,weight or ,=ce appli$ r\nd ,e ,f1 or ,c ,d1 or ,a ,b1 has j s mu* great] ,p[] to move ! ,:eel1 or entire ,ma*9e ab\t ! ,axis1 z ! ,velocity or ,di/ance f ! ,geometrical ,axis x self is great]4 ,nor is !re any f>!r ,difficulty 9 ?is pla9 ,eng9e4 ,fig4 #d4 ,?is is only a ,tra9 ( ,:eel-"w2 :i* by ,composition ( ,:eels va/ly increases ! ,=ce4 ,?us suppose ! ,diamet] ( ! ,b>rel ,e ,f1 be t5 times ! ,diamet] ( ! ,p9ion ,g3 ,& ! ,diamet]1 or ,numb] ( equal ,tee? 9 ,g1 be "o t5? ( ! ,diamet]1 or ,numb] ( equal ,tee? 9 ,h ,i3 ,& ! ,diamet] & ,velocity ( ! ,tee? 9 ,h ,i1 be t5 times ! ,diamet] & ,velocity ( ! ,p9ion ,k2 & ! ,diamet] or ,numb] ( equal ,tee? 9 ,k1 be "o t5? ( ! ,diamet]1 or ,numb] ( equal ,tee? 9 ,l ,m2 ,& t ! ,b>rel ,n ,o1 be ( ! same ,diamet] ) ! ,:eel ,l ,m4 ,!n a ,weight on ! ,b>rel ,e ,f w balance a ,weight "o hundr$ times z heavy ^u ! ,b>rel ,n ,o2 :i* is done by its mov+ an hundr$ ,times z swift z ! o!r4 ,= ! ,velocity 9 ! fir/ ,b>rel ,e ,f1 to t ( its ,p9ion ,g1 is z t5 to "o2 & t 9 ! ,:eel ,h ,i1 to t 9 its ,p9ion ,k1 is also z t5 to "o4 ,:ile ! ,velocities at ea* ,:eel1 & its correspond+ ,p9ion 9 ! o!r ,:eel1 z well z at ! ,:eel ,l ,m1 & its ,b>rel ,n ,o1 are equal4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is a comp\nd ,eng9e1 to prove t 9 a ,w$ge1 z ,e ,m ,g1 depress'd by a ,weight w1 or by its own ,weight1 or by a ,/roke1 ! ,=ce is dim9i%$ 9 ,proportion to ! ,s9e ( its ,ap]ture1 comp>'d ) ! ,l9e ( its ,dep?3 ,s t :5 ! =m] ,s9e is d\ble or triple1 c4 ! ,=ce is dim9i%$ "o half1 or "o ?ird1 c4 ,?is is "h prov'd by ! ,w$ges sep>at+ two ,cyl9d]s1 :i* are drawn toge!r by o!r ,weights1 9 ! ,scales ,r & ,s b5ea?1 :5 its ,sides are screw'd ne>] or f>!r (f1 to adju/ _! ,di/ance to ^? ,weights p]petually4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is a ,w$ge by x self1 :]e ! ,=ce is increas'd 9 ! ,proportion ( ! ,s9es ( ! ,angles ( ,ap]ture1 ,d ,f & ,d ,e1 to ! ,radius ,d ,b2 or is resolv'd into two ,=ces1 ! "o p]p5dicul>1 & ! o!r p>allel to ! ,pla9 ( ! ,tree or ,timb] x is to reeve3 ,& ?is because ! ,velocity d[nw>d is ev] to ! ,velocity side-ways 9 ! ,proportion ( ,d ,b to ,d ,f & ,d ,e1 or to #b ,d ,f4 i4 e4 by ! ,similitude ( ,triangles1 z ,a ,b or ,c ,b to ,a ,c4 ,fig4 #g4 ,is a ,pap] ,w$ge1 ,h ,f ,g coil'd r\nd a ,cyl9d]1 & s repres5t+ a ,screw2 & %ews t its ,=ce mu/ be increas'd 9 ,proportion to ! ,progress along its ,cyl9d]1 :5 x is comp>'d ) ! ,circumf]5ces on ! same ,cyl9drical ,surface1 or z ,h ,f to ,h ,g4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is a comp\nd ,eng9e to expla9 & measure ! ,p[] ( ! ,screw3 f :5ce x appe>s1 t ! ,=ce ( ,screws is reciprocally proportional to ! ,di/ance ( ! ,helix's or ,?reads :i* compose !m4 ,plate ,v4 ,sutton ,ni*olls del4 sculp3 ,,me*anicks4 #e ,an ,explication ( ! ,fif? ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is a ,comp\nd ,eng9e 9 :i* all ! sev]al ,me*anical ,p[]s are comb9'd3 z ! ,:eel & ,axle ,g ,h3 ,! ,balance or ,lev] ,i ,k3 ! ,screw ,f2 :i* includes ! ,w$ge3 & ! ,pulley ,l ,m4 ,! entire ,=ce ( ?is ,eng9e is to be comput$ by comp\nd+ ! sep>ate ,=ces toge!r4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is a ,w9dmill2 ^: ,=ce is "h repres5t$1 by its rais+ a ,weight on a ,b>rel4 ,! ,w9d is suppos$ to bl[ p>allel to ! ,axis1 f ,e t[>ds ,d2 its sev]al ,sails h _! ,pla9s ne>ly #de ,degrees oblique to ! ,pla9 ?r\gh ! middle ( ^? ,sails3 ,two ( !m incl9+1 & two recl9+4 ,by ?is ,means ! ,w9d fall+ at ab\t #de ,degrees obliquity on ! ,pla9 ( ea* ,sail2 ! ,bread? ( ea* ,sail is a ,diagonal ( a squ>e1 "o ( ^: ,sides is p>allel to ! ,direction ( ! circul> ,motion1 & has its full ,=ce2 & ! o!r is p]p5dicul> !reto1 & s has no ,effect z to t circul> ,motion at all4 ,& z mu* z ! ,side ( a ,squ>e is less] ?an ! ,diagonal1 s mu* ( ! :ole ,quantity ( ! ,w9d is lo/ on e s+le ,sail4 ,b !n ea* ,pair along ! same ,l9e1 by ! diff]5t ,situation ( ^? ,sails1 agree+ 9 ! same ,motion1 ! :ole unit$ ,quantity is m ?an ! s+le ,quantity ^u "o equal ,sail directly expos'd to ! same ,w9d1 z mu* z two ,sides ( a ,squ>e are great] ?an ! ,diagonal4 ,b ?is )\t ! ,consid]ation ( ! weakn+ ( ! ,=ce ( ! ,w9d by ! ,obliquity ( ,incid5ce2 :i* alt]s ! =m] ,proportion3 = ?is also dim9i%+ ! ,=ce 9 ! same ,proportion ) ! =m] ,dim9ution ( ! ,quantity ( ! ,w9d1 ! :ole ,dim9ution w ev] be z ! ,squ>es ( t ,quantity2 or z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,s9es ( ! ,angles ( ,incid5ce3 :]e=e 9 ?is ,case ( ,f\r oblique ,sails ( #de ,degrees w be equival5t to ,two direct ones4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is ! ela/ical spiral ,spr+ ( a ,wat*1 out ( its ,box1 & unw9d+ x self m weakly1 z x is less re/ra9$4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is ! same ,spr+ 9 its ,b>rel ,a ,b jo9'd by a ,*a9 to its ,fusee ,c ,d1 or spiral ,l9e ab\t a ,cone1 :i* ,cone has ! ,semidiamet] or ,di/ance f its ,axis 9 ! v same ,proportion1 great] z ! ,spr+ is weak]1 & less] z ! ,spr+ is /rong]3 t s ! absolute ,=ce on ! ,:eels ( ! ,wat* may be ev] ! same1 = ! exact ,equality ( _! ,motion 9 all ,cases4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is an ,imitation ( a ,waggon or ,coa*1 ) its =e ,:eels ,e ,f1 ei!r equal 7z "h17 or else less]1 or great]1 ?an ! h9d] ,g ,h2 to be drawn by a ,weight w 9 ! ,scale1 ei!r ^u an ,horizontal1 or ^u an ,incl9$ ,pla9 ,a ,b1 & to get ov] any ,ob/acle z ,c ,d3 ,! ,quadrant ,m1 & ,bullet ,n1 are to %ew ! ,quantity ( ! ,elevation ( t ,pla91 = ! ,tryal ( ,exp]im5ts relat+ to all su* ,sort ( ,vehicles4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is a /rong ,ma*9e1 ) a ,:eel ,o ,p1 & its ,w9* ,r1 & ,/r+ ,o ,p ,l ,k1 its less] ,b>rel ,k ,l1 circul> ,table ,a ,b1 ,scale ) a ,weight w1 susp5d$ by a ,/r+ t comes ?r\gh ! holl[ ,axis ,c ,d1 & oblique ,tube ,g ,c1 9 :i* ,m]cury or a ,bullet is includ$2 its ,screw ,h2 its ,balls ,i & ,b1 & _! ,/r+s2 ,to %ew t ,motion once begun always cont9ues1 till "s o!r ,cause /ops x3 ,t absolute & respective ,motion are entirely diff]5t3 ,& to %ew )al ! ,endeav\r ( ,bodies t move circul>ly to rec$e f ! ,c5t] ( _! ,motion1 on incl9$1 z well z horizontal ,pla9s1 & t 9 ! same ,circle 9 a duplicate ,proportion to _! ,velocity4 ,plate ,,vi4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 ,,me*anicks4 #f ,an ,explication ( ! ,six? ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is an ,in/rum5t to %ew ! v>i\s ,p>abola's t are made by ,projectils1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,tru? ( ! sev]al ,rules 9 ! ,art ( ,gunn]y4 ,:]e9 ,a ,b is a ,tunnel full ( ,quicksilv]1 ,d ,k is a ,glass ,tube1 let into a ,groove or ,frame ( ,wood = its ,support1 & at ,k is a f9e ,/em1 accommodat$ to ! ,ar* ( a ,quadrant ,l ,m1 & turn+ ^u its ,c5t]1 to direct ! project$ ,quicksilv] to any ,angle2 :ile ! ,tube's p]p5dicul> ,altitude1 or ! ,=ce t produces ! ,projection1 is ei!r ! same1 or alt]$ by a diff]5t ,incl9ation at ,pleasure1 accord+ to ! ,nature ( ! sev]al ,exp]im5ts4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is a ,cycloid ) its equal ,sides ,a ,b1 ,a ,c1 & p5dul\s ,body ,e1 oscillat+ !re94 ,&1 ,note1 ,t by ! ,make ( ! ,figure1 ! ,l9e ,b ,c is equal to ! ,circumf]5ce ( ! ,circle ,d ,g ,f1 by :i* x 0 describ'd2 t ! ,l5g? ( ! ,cycloid x self is f\r times t ,circle's ,diamet]2 t e ,"p ( x f ,f ! ,v]tex is /ill d\ble to ! ,*ord ( ! ,correspond5t circul> ,ar* ,g ,f2 t its includ$ ,area ,b ,d ,c ,f1 is ,?ree times ! ,area ( ! =m] ,circle2 t ! ,=ce ^u ! ,p5dulum at any ,po9t ,e1 is exactly proportional to ! ,di/ance along ! ,cycloid ( ! ,po9t f ! ,v]tex1 z ,e ,f2 & t !re=e ! ,"t ( e ,oscillation1 9 all ,angles :atsoev]1 is always equal4 ,fig4 #c4 ,a ,c ,b is a ,syphon ) ,quicksilv] f ,a to ,c1 & a ,p5dulum ( half t ,l5g?2 to %ew "h also t ! ,=ce is z ! ,l9e to be describ'd1 & t by ,consequ5ce ! ,vibrations 9 ! ,syphon are all equal3 z also to %ew t !y are equal to ^? ( a ,p5dulum1 ( half ! same ,l5g?3 ,z is pla9 f ! =m] ,case ( ! ,cycloid1 :]e ! ,l5g? ( ! ,p5dulum is half t ( ! ,cycloid 9 :i* ! ,body moves4 ,fig4 #d4 ,a ,b are two ,sph]es1 to d5ote ! sev]al ,laws ( ,motion 9 ! ,collision ( ,bodies1 :e!r ,ela/ical or n ,ela/ical1 to be tri$ 9 ! ,cycloid1 or 9 a ,circle1 ) prop] ,corrections3 ,:i* ,exp]im5ts yet are mo/ ( !m too difficult = su* a ,c\rse z ?is is4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is an ,in/rum5t to expla9 muscul> ,motion2 suppos+ ! ,muscles to be "s way l a ,/r+ ( ,bladd]s2 by %ew+ t a small] ,quantity ( an ela/ical ,fluid may equally raise equal ,weights ) a l>g]2 & to %ew exactly :at ,quantity is necess>y = any p>ticul> ,effect4 ,= ?us w ! less] ,quantity ( ,air1 7measur$ 9 bo? ,cases by ! ,gage ,c ,a ,k1 z cond5s'd by ! ,syr+e ,h ,a7 equally raise an equal ,weight to ! same ,height by ! less] ?ree ,bladd]s1 t ! great] ,quantity raises ! same by ! "o l>g] ,bladd]4 ,fig4 #f4 ,are sev]al ,p5dulums ( sev]al ,sorts ( ,matt]1 heavy & light2 :]e ! ,c5t]s ( ,susp5sion & ,oscillation are equally di/ant1 & ! ,times ( ^? ,oscillations are all equal4 ,?is also h9ts ! o!r rem>kable ,phnom5a ( ,p5dulums2 viz4 t ! ,semicircul> & ,cycloidal ,times ( ,oscillation are to ea* o!r z #cd to #bi3 ,t 9 bo? ! ,l5g? ( ! ,/r+s ( ,p5dulums are 9 a duplicate ,proportion to _! ,times ( ,oscillation2 & t ! ,heights ( ,ro(s1 c4 may be f\nd f ! ,times ( ! ,oscillations ( ,p5dul\s ,bodies fix$ to !m1 on ! kn[n ,hypo!sis t a ,p5dulum ( #ci4b ,in*es vibrates 9 "o ,second ( ,"t4 ,fig4 #g4 ,is a ,f\nta9 runn+ on ,:eels1 & made by ,air cond5s'd on ! ,surface ( ,quicksilv]1 & s =c+ ! ,quicksilv] to asc5d ?r\gh ! ,pipe ,g3 ,& is to %ew t ! ,l9es ( ,projectils1 or o!r ,bodies1 are n alt]'d by ! common ,motion ( ! :ole ,in/rum5t or ,floor on :i* !y are plac'd2 & t all ,motions on ! ,e>?1 if x move1 w be ! same z if x /& /ill4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is a ,p>abola ) ! sev]al ,l9es belong+ to x1 9 ord] to demon/rate ! ,doctr9e ( ,projectils2 & p>ticul>ly ! ,art ( ,gunn]y4 ,fig4 #i4 ,is an ,eng9e mov+ on ,:eels1 t lets a ,ball fall d[n f a ,groove ?r\gh a ,hole1 z x is 9 ,motion2 to %ew t x w !n fall on ! same ,po9t ( ! ,frame t x falls ^u :5 x is at re/2 z does a ,/one let fall f ! ,top ( ! ,ma/ ( a ,%ip "u ,sail3 & t all respective ,motions on ! ,e>? mu/ be ! v same1 :ile x self moves z if x 7 at re/4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,is a ,cyl9drical ,iron ,a ,b1 sw++ on a ,p9 ,e ,f1 9 ! v same "t t a p5dul\s ,body ,d ( two ?irds ( its ,l5g? ,c ,d does2 to %ew t two ?irds is ! ,c5t] ( ,oscillation or ,p]cussion 9 all su* prismatick or cyl9drical ,bodies4 ,opticks ,plate ,i4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 #g ,,opticks4 ,an ,explication ( ! ,fir/ ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,repres5ts ! ,f\ndation ( ,vision1 & ( all ,opticks :atsoev]1 by exhibit+ to ! ,eye a ,specim5 h[ ! ,rays ( ,light d z well orig9ally1 z aft] ,reflection or ,refraction1 spread !mselves 9 "r ,l9es f ea* ,po9t 9 e visible ,object1 z ,p1 to ea* o!r ,po9t1 z ,r1 ,r1 ,r1 ,r1 ,r1 e way1 to be receiv'd by ! ,eye 9 any direct ,position :atsoev]4 ,fig4 #b4 ,repres5ts ! kn[n ,law ( ,reflection2 t ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce ,c ,p ,d1 is equal to t ( ,reflection ,c ,p ,e1 or t ! ,angle ( ,incl9ation ,d ,p ,a is equal to ! o!r ,e ,p ,b4 ,fig4 #c4 ,%ews ! ,reason :y a pla9 ,look+-,glass1 z ,a ,e ,f ,b1 exhibits ! ,object ,c ,d by ! ,image c d1 :i* is equal to ,c ,d1 & equidi/ant f ! ,glass ,a c ,a ,c3 ,& 9 an erect ,po/ure2 all dep5d+ only on ! ,equality ( ! ,triangles1 ^: ,v]tices are ,c c 3 ,d d1 & h _! common ,bases bel[ ,e & above ,f1 :i* ,glass by =m+ ! same ,image c d1 s to ! ,eye1 z if ! real ,object ,c ,d 0 at c d1 mu/ ne$s %ew t ,picture 9 ! ,place assign'd1 )\t any ,inequality ( ,di/ance or ,magnitude1 or any ,inv]sion4 ,fig4 #d4 ,%ews ! ,reason :y ! same or equal ,object1 z ,a ,b1 ,c ,d1 ,e ,f1 appe>s l>g] :5 x is ne>]1 & small] :5 f>!r (f3 viz4 on acc\nt ( ! ,inequality ( ! ,angles ,a ,g ,b1 or ,m ,g ,n1 & ,c ,g ,d1 or ,k ,g ,l1 & ,e ,g ,f or ,h ,g ,i1 & ! consequ5t ,inequality ( ! ,pictures made by ! ,rays at ! ,bottom ( ! ,eye4 ,fig4 #e4 ,%ews ! ,reason :y a ,convex ,look+-,glass1 z ,a ,e ,f ,b1 exhibits ,object ,c ,d by ! ,image c d1 bo? ne>] to ! ,glass1 & less] ?an x self2 b /ill 9 an erect ,po/ure4 ,all dep5d+ only on ! diff]5t ,b5d ( ! ,circle betwe5 ,e & its l[] ,po9t1 betwe5 ,f & its upp] ,po9t2 :i* _c make ! ,angles ( ,reflection or ,incl9ation equal1 z !y mu/ ne$s be 9 all su* ,reflections1 )\t mak+ ! ,v]tices ( ! ,angles1 z c & d1 ne>] ! ,glass ?an ,c & ,d3 ,& s ! app>5t ,picture or ,diamet] c d less] ?an t ( ! ,object ,c ,d1 ?\gh )\t any ,inv]sion4 ,fig4 #f4 ,%ews ! ,reason :y a ,concave ,glass1 z ,a ,e ,f ,b1 exhibits an ,object plac'd ne>] ! ,glass ?an ! ,c5t]1 z ,c ,d by ! ,image c d1 remot] f ! ,glass1 & l>g] ?an x self1 viz4 = ,reasons j contr>y to ^? "u ! fif? ,figure =ego+4 ,fig4 #g4 ,%ews ! ,reason :y a ,concave ,glass1 z ,c ,d ,e ,f1 exhibits an ,object1 if x be plac'd remot] ?an ! ,c5t]1 z ,a ,b1 inv]t$1 & at diff]5t ,di/ances betwe5 ! ,eye & ! ,glass2 accord+ to ! ,l5g? or ,%ortness ( its own ,di/ance1 z ,b ,c or ,a ,d1 viz4 ,because ! ,rays f ! same ,po9t /ill cross "o ano!r1 z at ,g & ,h1 be=e !y fall ^u ! ,eye2 & s by =m+ an inv]t$ ,image make x impossible = ! ,eye to see ! ,object 9 any o!r ,position ?an t ! ,image has2 :i* ,image inde$ x self is ! only prop] ,object ( ! ,eye1 9 all su* ,cases :atsoev]4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is a ,picture 9 ,confusion2 b rectifi$ by a ,convex ,cyl9d]1 & !reby br\ght into exact ,ord] aga94 ,fig4 #i4 ,repres5ts an ,image 9 a ,cyl9drical ,concave ,surface1 :5 ! ,eye is 9 a ,pla9 p]p5dicul> to its ,axis2 s t l5g?ways x is z a ,pla91 & bread?ways z a ,concave ,speculum3 ,:i* !re=e makes ! ,picture long]1 b n wid]4 ,! contr>y w happ5 9 a ,convex ,speculum1 :i* w make x %ort] b n n>r[]1 = ! l ,reason4 ,plate ,,ii4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp4 ,,opticks4 #h ,an ,explication ( ! ,second ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,%ews t an ,object1 z ,k1 se5 ?r\gh a pla9 ,glass1 ^: ,sides ,a ,b1 ,c ,d1 are p>allel1 by ! ,eye at ,g1 appe>s out ( its true ,place2 & ?is s mu* ! m z ! ,glass is ?ick]3 ,:ile at ! same "t ! two ,surfaces d exactly balance ea* o!r's ,refraction1 & make ! two ,rays ,h ,k1 ,g ,f exactly p>allel4 ,fig4 #b4 ,exhibits a pla9 ,me?od ( measur+ ! ,refraction ( ,fluids at all ,angles1 & ( prov+ !reby t x is always 9 "o fix$ ,proportion ( ! ,s9es1 z ! next ,figure w expla9 x4 ,= if ! moveable ,rule ,k ,c ,l1 ) its measur+ ,circle ,a ,b ,d ,e fix'd by ! ,prop ,e1 to a heavy ,p$e/al ,f ,g1 9 a l>ge ,glass ,a ,h ,i ,d1 be s f> imm]s'd 9 ! ,fluid1 t ! ,c5t] ,c may be 9 ! ,surface ( ! ,fluid1 & "o ( its ,legs ,c ,l be s f> b5t f a rectil9e> ,position1 t ! ,refraction ( ! ,fluid c j make x appe> z if x 7 9 a /rait ,l9e1 ! ,angle ,b ,c ,k1 or its equal ,m ,c ,e1 is ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce3 ,& ,l ,c ,e ! ,angle ( ,refraction3 ,& ,l ,c ,m ! ,diff]5ce1 or ! refract$ ,angle4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is = ! ,illu/ration ( ! =m] ,proposition1 & %ews ! ,s9es a=e-m5tion$2 z ,a ,d or ,g ,n 7= !y are suppos'd equal1 & ! ,l9e ,a ,c ,n "o /rait ,l9e17 is ! ,s9e ( ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce1 & ,f ,e ! ,s9e ( ! ,angle ( ,refraction1 :i* ,s9es d 9 ! same ,fluid at all ,angles be> "o & ! same ,proportion to ea* o!r2 till at la/1 if ! ,refraction be out ( a ?ick ,m$ium into a ?9 "o1 & makes ! second ,s9e equal to ! ,radius1 t ,ray _c em]ge at all1 b w be reflect$ back by ! ,surface into ! same ,m$ium :5ce x came1 along ! ,l9e ,c ,r4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is a ,bason ( ,wat]1 or o!r ,fluid2 to %ew ! common ,exp]im5t ( ,refraction2 :]e a ,%ill+1 or o!r ,object at ,a1 7:i* is s plac'd t x _c be se5 by ! ,eye at ,o1 ! ,side ( ! ,bason ,c int]pos+7 is readily se5 !re1 z soon z ! ,wat] or o!r ,fluid is put 9 to ! same ,bason1 & appe>s to be remov'd to ! ,po9t ,b4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is ! ,alt]ation ( a r\nd :ite ,object ,d1 z se5 ?r\gh a ,triangul> ,glass ,prism ,a ,b ,c1 by ! ,eye at ,g1 :]e ! d\ble ,refraction ( ! ,glass at ,e & ,f makes ! ,object appe> at d2 & t z an oblong col\r'd ,image2 :]e9 ! upp] ,"p is made by ! violet ,rays1 :i* are mo/ refrangible2 & ! l[] by ! r$ ,rays1 :i* are lea/ s2 & ! int]m$iate ,p>ts by ^? t are refrangible 9 a mean ,degree2 aft] ! ,ord] ( ! ,col\rs ( ! ,ra9b[4 ,fig4 #f4 ,%ews ! ,nature ( a multiply+ ,glass ,a ,d1 & its ,pla9s ,a ,b1 ,b ,c1 ,c ,d1 c4 & ! ,reason :y ! diff]5t ,refraction ( e oblique ,pla91 z ,a ,b1 ,c ,d1 c4 exhibits ! same ,object ,k z a diff]5t ,object k1 k1 c4 accord+ to ! ,numb] ( ! oblique ,pla9s3 ,:ile ! direct ,pla9 ,b ,c %ews x /ill 9 its own ,place3 ,& :ile ! ,convolution ( ! ,glass on ! ,axis ,k ,l removes all ! oblique ,images1 b does n remove ! direct "o1 on ,acc\nt ( ! ,*ange ( ! ,position ( ^? oblique ,pla9s1 & ( ! un*ang$ ,position ( ! direct ,pla94 ,fig4 #g4 ,%ews ! ,effect ( ! ,l5s1 or d\ble ,convex ,glass1 9 ga!r+ p>allel ,rays1 z ,g ,l1 ,h ,m1 ,a ,b1 ,i ,n1 ,k ,o1 c4 t[>ds a ,po9t1 z ,d2 because1 z 9 ! ,case ( ! ,prism above1 ! ,refraction to ! p]p5dicul> 9 ! ,entrance1 & f x 9 ! ,exit ( ^? ,rays1 d /ill1 by ! diff]5t ,position ( t ,p]p5dicul>1 conspire to unite ! same ,rays4 ,fig4 #h4 ,%ews ! contr>y ,effect ( ! d\ble ,concave ,glass1 9 scatt]+ ! p>allel ,rays2 & t exactly on ! l ,acc\nt2 & s ?is ne$s no new ,explication4 ,fig4 #i4 ,%ews ! ,reason :y a ,l5s1 or d\ble ,convex1 %ews a ne> ,object at ,q1 z m remote at q1 because x refracts x s t ! ,rays f ! same ,po9t meet m backw>d ?an be=e3 ,& :y x %ews ! same ,object l>g] also3 ,:i* mu/ ne$s be1 because e ,po9t 9 ! ,object appe>+ s mu* m backw>d1 & yet 9 ! same app>5t ,angle1 its ,l5g? & ,bread? mu/ e :]e be proportionably enl>g'd4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,%ews h[ su* a ,l5s inv]ts ,objects1 z ,a1 ,b1 b a1 :i* x does on ,acc\nt ( ! ,int]section ( ! ,rays f ea* ,po9t1 9 or ne> ! ,l5s x self3 ,:i* necess>ily inf]s su* an ,alt]ation3 j z ! ,images ( all ,objects are 9 ! ,eye 9 an inv]t$ ,position1 on ! l ,acc\nt4 ,fig4 #aa4 ,%ews h[ a ,l5s does s refract ! ,rays f e ,po9t ( an ,object1 t is 9 its ,focus ,c1 & ,b1 & ,a1 t ! ,rays f ea* ( ^? ,po9ts d become p>allel aft]w>d2 & also h[ p>allel ,rays ( diff]5t ,positions are ga!r'd 9 t ,focus4 ,fig4 #ab4 ,is ! ,nature ( direct ,vision by ! ,eye1 9 "s ,con=mity to ! #aj? ,figure3 only 9 ?is ,case ! ,cry/all9e ,hum\r is ! ,l5s4 ,fig4 #ac4 ,is ! ,case ( a ,concavo-convex ,glass1 ) its p>allel ,surfaces1 z 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,plate ,,iii4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 ,,opticks4 #i ,an ,explication ( ! ,?ird ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is a ,telescope1 ) two ,convex ,glasses1 ! "o t[>ds ! ,object & ! ,segm5ts ( a great ,sph]e1 ! o!r ne> ! ,eye1 ! ,segm5ts ( a small ,sph]e g h i1 & !y are to be s plac$ t ! di/9ct ,base or ,image may1 by ! ,collection ( ! ,rays1 be 9 ! common ,focus ( bo? ! ,glasses f e d4 ,by ^! two ,glasses ! p>allel ,rays1 or ^? ne>ly s1 z proce$+ f ! same ,po9t ( ! ,object ,a ,b ,c1 7:i* is to be suppos'd consid]ably remote7 are made to meet 9 ! int]m$iate ,image f e d1 at f1 & e1 & d2 & aga9 at ! ,bottom ( ! ,eye1 at r1 & s1 & t2 b 9 an erect ,position2 & !re=e s z to %ew ! ,object inv]t$4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is a ,telescope ) f\r ,convex ,glasses1 ! "o t[>ds ! ,object1 & ?ree ne>] ! ,eye3 ,^: ,images are made 9 ! common ,focus ( two ,glasses1 z be=e4 ,?is is l ! =m]2 b only t two ( ! ,eye ,glasses s]ve m]ely to re9v]t1 or to erect ! ,image1 t s x may be inv]t$ at ! ,bottom ( ! ,eye2 & !re=e may %ew ! ,object 9 its true or erect ,position4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is a ,telescope1 ) a ,convex ,object ,glass1 & a ,concave ,eye ,glass2 :i* la/1 by scatt]+ ! ,rays1 z if !y came f a ne>] ,po9t1 makes ! ,image inv]t$ 9 ! ,bottom ( ! ,eye1 & !re=e %ews ! ,object 9 its true or erect ,position4 ,only ?is takes 9 b a small ,"p ( an ,object1 an s is less us$ ?an ! two =m] ,telescopes4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is a ,telescope ) a ,triangul> ,prism ,d ,b 9 its ,axis2 & t ,prism's ,gage ,f ,g = ! ,demon/ration ( ! ,refraction out ( ,vacuum into ,air1 & out ( ?9n] ,air into ?ick]2 & bo? by ! ,means ( an ,object se5 ?r\gh ! ,prism1 z well :5 ! ,air is cond5s$1 z :5 x is exhau/$4 ,:]e 9 ! fir/ ,case ! ,object is se5 high]1 & 9 ! o!r l[] ?an 9 its natural ,situation2 z ! two foll[+ ,figures demon/rate4 ,fig4 #e4 ,%ews h[ ! ,object or ,circle :i* 0 l[ at fir/1 is to ,appe>ance rais'd z x passes ?r\gh cond5s'd ,air2 by be+ refract$ t[>ds ! p]p5dicul>1 9 its ,+ress into a ,glass ,prism1 & f x 9 its ,egress into ! common ,air aga94 ,fig4 #f4 ,%ews h[ ! same ,object or ,circle1 :i* 0 high at fir/1 is to ,appe>ance depress'd1 z x passes ?r\gh ! ,vacuum2 by be+ refract$ f ! ,p]p5dicul>1 9 its ,+ress into ! ,prism1 & t[>ds x1 9 its ,egress into ! common ,air aga94 ,fig4 #g4 ,is a ,triangul> ,glass ,prism1 fitt$ to receive all sorts ( ,fluids1 & :5 rightly apply'd to ! ,semi-circle ( ! next ,figure1 does exactly measure ! refractive ,p[] ( all ^? ,fluids4 ,:]e ! v]tical ,angle ,g ,d ,h is #de ,degrees2 & by consequ5ce ! half ,angles ,c ,d ,h1 ,c ,d ,g1 ,c ,h ,g1 are #bb #cj1 & :]e all is to be s contriv'd1 t ! ,rays )9 ! ,glass may be p>allel to ,g ,h1 & p]p5dicul> to ,c ,d1 & may fall on ea* side ,pla9 ( ! ,glass ,prism 9 an ,angle ( #bb #cj f _! ,p]p5dicul>s2 t s ! ,refractions at ! ,+ress & ,egress may be equal1 & ! ,computations easy4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is ! ,semicircle1 ) ! ,glass ,prism full ( its ,liquor rightly apply'd !reto2 & bo? ,arms ( ! ,index ,e ,d1 ,f ,d1 equally elevat$ above ! horizontal ,l9e ,a ,c4 ,?is %ews ! ,proportion ( ! ,s9e ( ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce to t ( ,refraction1 9 ?is ,incid5ce ( #bb #cj2 :i* ,proportion ( ,s9es be+ ! same 9 all o!r ,angles1 we h5ce le>n t ,proportion accurately & univ]sally4 ,plate ,,iiii4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 ,,opticks4 #aj ,an ,explication ( ! ,f\r? ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is ! ,app>atus = ,microscopes3 ,conta9+ ,a ,c a ,cyl9d] ( ,brass or ,ivory2 to :i*1 ne> ! ,eye at ,k1 ! ,microscope x self1 or v small ,sph]e ( ,glass set ,ivory1 is apply'd2 ,g ,h a small ,slice ( ,ivory1 & its ,muscovy ,glass ,circles1 ) ! f9e ,objects ^u !m1 ins]t$ 9 _! true ,place2 ,e ,f a ,convex ,glass1 screw$ into ! =m] ,cyl9d]1 & at a due ,di/ance ca/+ ,light on ! ,objects2 ) ,i ,l1 ! ,h&le ( ! ,microscope4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is only "o ( ! ,slices ( ,ivory ,a ,b1 l ,g ,h be=e-m5tion$1 set by x self2 ) ! d\ble ,circles ( ,muscovy ,glass1 & kept d[n by circul> ,wire2 betwe5 :i*1 on "o ( ^? ,glasses1 ! small ,objects are commonly plac'd4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is a ,s*eme to demon/rate h[ ! d\ble ,microscope comes to magnify s mu*4 ,:]e ,g is ! small ,object2 :i*1 if !re be ,light suffici5t1 may by ! small ,microscope ,glass ,e ,f1 plac$ v ne> ! ,object1 be ca/ into a l>g] ,image ,h ,i3 ,:i* by ! ,means ( ! two ,eye ,glasses1 are r$uc'd into a ,compass fit to ent] into ! ,eye4 ,& "h by ! way x is to be not$ t die small ,glasses1 :]eby s+le ,microscope d magnify s mu*1 & :]eby ! ,magnitude is 9 ,"p increas'd 9 ?is d\ble ,microscope1 is only a v small sph]ical ,glass1 or ,segm5t ( x1 :i* does s sudd5ly r$uce di/ant ,rays to ,p>allelism1 or ne>ly to x1 t a small ,object1 :i* by its great ,ne>ness c\ld n be o!rwise se51 is h]eby made visible4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is ! d\ble ,microscope1 ) all its ,app>atus & ,contrivances1 z to ! ,position ( ! ,object1 ! ,light to be ?r[n ^u x1 & ! ,elevation & ,depression ( ! ,in/rum5t x self1 z ! ,case requires1 c4 all :i* ! ,figure does pla9ly %ew to ! ,eye4 ,fig #e4 ,is a circul> ,plate ( ,ivory1 ) a small ,sph]e ( ,glass 9 its ,c5t]1 & a ,screw r\nd ! ,c5t]1 to be put ^u ! fir/ ,figure at ,b ,c1 z a s+le ,microscope4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is a small ,fi%1 repres5t$ 9 a ,cyl9drical holl[ ,glass1 s z x is to be plac$ :5 ! ,circulation ( ,blood 9 its ,tail is to be se5 by ! s+le ,microscope4 ,fig4 #g4 ,is ! ,magick ,lan?orn1 ) its ,p$e/al ,t3 its ,lamp ,w2 its d\ble ,convex ,glass ,x ,y2 its ,pictures inv]t$ ^u ! ,plate ,e ,f2 & its l>ge or gygantick ,images at ,b ,a project$ ^u ! :ite ,wall1 to ! ,surprize ( ! ,spectators4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is ! ,demon/ration ( ! ,cam]a obscura1 or d>k ,*amb]2 :i* w %ew ! ,object z ,a ,b erect4 ,:]e ,c ,d is ! d\ble ,convex ,glass1 ready to =m an inv]t$ ,picture b a3 ,:i* by ! ,reflection ( ! pla9 ,speculum ,e ,f1 plac'd obliquely 9 an ,angle ( #d1 is =m$ 9 an erect ,position at a b1 = ! ,view ( ! ,spectator4 ,plate ,v4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 ,,opticks4 #aa ,an ,explication ( ! ,fif? ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is "o ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton's ,exp]im5ts1 to %ew ! diff]5t ,refrangibility ( ! ,rays ( ,light1 ( ! diff]5t ,col\rs1 ,r$1 ,orange1 ,yell[1 ,gre51 ,blue1 ,indigo1 ,violet4 ,:]e ,d ,e is a ,p>allelogram ( ,pa/bo>d1 hav+ ! "o half ,d ,g blue1 & ! o!r half ,f ,e r$2 bo? /rongly illum9at$ by ! same ,c&le3 & hav+ black ,silk wrapp$ sev]al times r\nd x4 ,m ,n is a ,l5s or d\ble ,convex ,glass int]pos'd1 :i* ga!rs ^u :ite ,pap] ! blue ,rays soon] at h i ?an ! ,r$ at ,h ,i3 ,z appe>s by ! ,di/9ctness ( ! ,col\rs & ( ! ,silk at ^? & only ^? ,di/ances4 ,:]e also at some:at above #ab ,feet f ! ,col\rs to ! ,images1 ! ,di/ance betwe5 h i & ,h ,i is no less ?an an ,in* & half4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is ano!r ( ,sir ,isaac's ,exp]im5ts to ! same ,purpose3 ,:]e ,x ,y repres5ts ! ,sun3 ,e ,g1 a ,w9d[1 ) a small r\nd ,hole at ,f3 )9 :i* is a ,triangul> ,glass ,prism ,a ,b ,c1 by :i* ! ,rays ( ! ,sun are diff]5tly refract$ ^u a :ite ,wall or ,pap] ,m ,n2 & become an ,oblong ,image ,p ,t2 ! ,violet se5 at ,p z mo/ refract$2 & ! ,r$ at ,t1 z lea/ refract$3 ,& ! int]m$iate ,col\rs se5 9 int]m$iate ,places1 accord+ to ! diff]5t ,degrees ( _! ,refraction4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is ano!r ( 8 ,exp]im5ts1 to %ew t ,:ite is a ,mixture ( all ,sorts ( col\r'd ,rays2 :]e ,d ,c is a ,hole 9 ! ,w9d[1 :i* admits ! ,sun's ,rays4 ,e ,f ,g a ,prism1 ca/+ its oblong col\r'd ,image ^u a ,l5s1 or d\ble ,convex ,glass2 :i* collects all ^? ,rays into its ,focus4 ,9 :i* ,case1 ! ,po9t ( ,conc\rse exhibits a p]fect ,:ite ,col\r2 ?o' ^u _! ,sep>ation aga91 ! oblong col\r'd ,image appe>s aga91 only 9 an inv]t$ ,position3 z ! cross+ ( ! ,rays 9 ! ,focus mu/ ( ,necessity occasion4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is ! la/ ,exp]im5t improv'd2 by %ew+ t ! ,:ite ,light made by ! ,mixture ( all ! ,col\rs is b imp]fectly s1 :5 any ( ! sev]al ,col\rs are int]cept$ 9 _! ,passage to _! ,focus1 or ,place ( ,mixture4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is ! ,exp]im5tum ,crucis1 or det]m9+ ,exp]im5t4 ,:]e ,b ,f is ! ,hole t lets 9 a l>ge ,ray ( ,light3 ^: middle ,"p1 aft] x has pass'd ?r\gh ! ,prism ,a ,b ,c1 is let ?r\gh a less] ,hole at ,g1 & =ms an oblong col\r'd ,image at d e3 :]e ano!r small ,hole lets ?ro' "o ,col\r only2 :i* pass+ ?r\gh ! ,second ,prism a b c x is refract$ aga91 & ca/ ^u ,n ,m4 ,& "h x is mo/ rem>kable1 t ! two ,holes & second ,prism are kept immoveable2 & s ! ,rays ,g g fall ^u ! second ,prism 9 ! v same ,angle1 :atev] ,col\r !y are (1 & t by ! ,motion ( ! fir/ ,prism1 all ! ,col\rs may successfully pass ?r\gh ! same ,holes4 ,yet is ! ,refraction by ! second ,prism nev] !n able to produce any ,v>iety ( ,col\rs2 b exhibits ! ,image always ( t ,col\r alone1 :i* falls ^u x be=e ! second ,refraction4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is a ,figure = ! ,explication ( ! sev]al ,refractions & ,reflections ( ,light1 :i* cause ! ,phnom5a ( ! ,ra9b[4 ,?us if ! greate/ ,cr[d ( ,rays ent] 9 ,p>allel to ,b ,q along or ne> to ,a ,n1 ! r\nd ,drop ( ,wat] ,l ,b ,g ,q w refract ,"p ( ^? ,rays to ,f1 :5ce ,"p ( !m w be reflect$ to ,g3 ,& go+ !re out ( ! ,drop1 w be !reby refract$ to ,r1 :i* d\ble ,refraction w s sep>ate ! sev]al ,col\rs1 & make !m g out 9 ,angles s s5sibly diff]5t1 t z ! ,eye is plac$ a little high] or l[]1 x w see a diff]5t ,col\r2 & t 9 ,angles z ,a ,x ,r1 ( ab\t #da ,degrees2 & ?is is ! ,case ( ! prim>y ,ra9b[1 :i* appe>s 9 ab\t t ,angle f ! ,axis ,b ,q1 or its ,p>allel ,a ,x4 ,?us also1 if ! same ,l9e ,a ,n be n[ suppos'd to repres5t ano!r ,drop1 & t "s ( ! ,rays at ,g are reflect$ a second "t1 & s pass out at ,h1 & are !re refract$ to ,s2 "h w be a weak] ,impression1 b a l ,refraction & ,sep>ation ( ! ,col\rs z be=e2 & ! ,eye plac$ a little high] or l[] w also see diff]5t ,col\rs1 ?o' 9 a contr>y ,ord] to ! =m]2 & t 9 an ,angle1 z ,a ,y ,s1 ( ab\t #eb ,degrees & a half2 :i* is ! ,case ( ! second>y ,ra9b[4 ,fig4 #g4 ,are ! two ,ra9b[s !mselves1 r pres5t$ z !y appe> 9 ,nature4 ,:]e ,a ,e ,b ,f repres5ts ! ,air full ( sph]ical ,drops ( ,ra91 9 su* ,p>ts z ! ,angles ,e ,o ,p1 ,f ,o ,p are ab\t #da ,degrees f ! ,axis ,o ,p1 :i* ,axis is ! ,l9e f ! ,sun's ,c5t]1 ?r\gh ! ,eye ( ! ,spectator1 to ! ,c5t] ( ! ,ra9b[3 ,& :]e ,c ,g ,d ,h repres5ts ! same ,air1 full ( ! l ,drops1 9 su* ,p>ts :]e ! ,angles ,g ,o ,p1 ,h ,o ,p are ab\t #eb ,degr4 & a half4 ,:]e also ! ,rays ,s ,e1 ,s ,f1 ,s ,g1 ,s ,h1 com+ f ! ,sun's ,c5t]1 are repres5t$ z p>allel1 by reason ( its va/ ,di/ance4 ,^! ,rays1 :5 !y fall ^u ! high] ,quadrant ( ! ,drop1 z at ,s ,e1 ,s ,f1 come to ! ,eye at ,o 9 ab\t an ,angle ( #da ,degrees1 aft] two ,refractions1 & "o ,reflection2 & s cause ! prim>y ,ra9b[3 ! ,r$ is )\t1 by ! lea/ refrangible ,rays at ,f3 & ! blue )91 by ! m refrangible ,rays at ,e4 ,b :5 !y fall ^u ! l[] ,quadrant ( ! ,drop1 z at ,s ,g1 ,s ,h1 !y come to ! same ,eye at ,o1 b 9 an ,angle ( ab\t #eb ,degrees & a half1 aft] two ,refractions1 & two ,reflections1 & s cause ! second>y ,ra9b[4 ,:i* is ,blue )\t1 by ! m refrangible ,rays at ,h2 & ,r$ )9 by ! lea/ at ,g4 ,:]e note1 t because ! ,angles ,f ,o ,p1 ,e ,o ,p1 z well z ^? ,h ,o ,p1 ,g ,o ,p1 are ev] ! same1 ! same ,col\rs mu/ /ill be circul>1 or appe> 9 ! ,surface ( a "r ,cone1 ^: ,axis is ,o ,p1 & ^: ,sides are ! ,l9es turn$ r\nd !reon1 z ,o ,e ,o ,f1 & ,o ,g ,o ,h4 ,hydro/aticks ,plate ,i4 ,i4 ,s5ex sculp4t #ab ,,hydro/aticks4 ,an ,explication ( ! ,fir/ ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is a ,balance1 to weigh ,wat] 9 its own ,elem5t1 & 9 ! ,air2 & to prove t its ,weight is ! v same 9 ! =m] ,case z 9 ! latt]4 ,= :5 ! ,glass ,bottle ,f is exhau/$ ( ,air1 x w inde$ require mu* m ,weight to c\nt]poise x 9 ! ,air1 ?an 9 ! ,wat]2 by ,reason ( ! mu* great] ,weight ( ! ,wat] ?ru/ out by x1 ?an ( ! ,air2 yet :5 ^u ! ,admission ( ,wat] )91 y weigh x aga9 9 ! ,air1 & !n 9 ! ,wat]1 ! additional ,c\nt]poise n[ necess>y is ! v same2 & %ews t ! real ,weight ( ! ,wat] admitt$1 is ! same 9 bo? ,elem5ts4 ,?is ,figure does also %ew h[ ,trials may be made to %ew ! respective ,weight ( ^? ,bodies 9 ,fluids t s9k 9 !m4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is an inv]t$ ,syphon1 to %ew :y ,fluids ev] press accord+ to p]p5dicul> ,altitude1 & n accord+ to ,quantity ( ,matt]3 ,z ! small ,quantity ( ,wat] 9 ! small] ,tube is a ,balance = ! great ,quantity 9 ! great]1 & /&s ^u ! same ,level ,c ,d ,e ,g2 because 9 all possible ,motions & ,vibrations ( ! ,fluid1 ! ,velocity 9 ! small] mu/1 by ! ,make ( ! ,syphon1 comp5sate ! ,quantity 9 ! l>g]2 ! "o asc5d+ or desc5d+ z f> z ,b ,d1 :ile ! o!r asc5ds only z f> z ,e ,h1 & s ! ,=ce is equal on bo? ,sides1 z is ! kn[n ,case 9 ! ,/ili>d also4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is to %ew ! same equal p]p5dicul> ,height or ,level 9 a common ,syphon inv]t$4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is a ,numb] ( holl[ ,tubes1 ( all ,%apes & ,directions1 to %ew t if _! l[] ,orifices be put "u t+$ ,wat]1 & ,oil be p\r$ on ! ,surface ( t ,wat]1 f ,g ,h to ,e ,f1 ! t+$ ,wat] w equally be press$ upw>ds ?r\gh all ! ,tubes1 accord+ to all ,directions2 & w /& ^u a common ,level2 ?o' some:at "u ! ,surface ( ! ,oil1 because ,oil is light] ?an ,wat]4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is = ! same ,exp]im5t ) ,wat] on ! ,surface ( ,quicksilv]2 into :i* ,quicksilv] a holl[ ,tube is ins]t$ be=e ! p\r+s 9 ( ! ,wat]4 ,= ! ,wat] w press ^u ! ,quicksilv]1 & raise x 9 ! small ,tube1 till x be>s ! same ,proportion to ! ,height ( ! ,wat]1 t ! ,specifick ,gravity ( ,wat] be>s to t ( ,quicksilv]1 or ab\t a f\rte5? ,"p s high4 ,:i*1 by ! by1 is "o ready ,way also ( f9d+ ! ,specifick ,gravity ( ,quicksilv] to ,wat]1 by measur+ _! sev]al ,altitudes4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is to %ew h[ ,wat] 9 a v small ,tube may elevate ,quicksilv] x self1 :5 x is ?ru/ m bel[ ! ,surface ( ! ,wat]1 ?an ! ,diff]5ce ( _! ,specifick ,gravity requires2 & t x w rise or fall z y ?ru/ x l[]1 or raise x high]2 & w at la/ fall out at ! ,bottom1 if y raise x too high4 ,fig4 #g4 ,is to %ew t ,fluids ( diff]5t ,specifick ,gravities1 z ,wat] ,a ,b1 & ,oil ,a ,c1 w /& at unequal p]p5dicul> ,altitudes1 9 ,proportion to _! ,quantities1 & ,diff]5ce ( ,specifick ,gravities4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is a ,"p ( a ,comp\nd ,balance1 to be jo9$ to t ( ,fig4 #a4 = ! weigh+ ( ,levity1 or ( ! ,p[] ( ,asc5t 9 a ,body1 z ,f1 light] ?an ! ,fluid :]e9 x is2 & w %ew t t ,levity is ! ,diff]5ce ( ! ,weight ( t ,body1 & ( an equal ,bulk ( ! ,fluid3 ,:i* is also ! respective ,gravity ( ^? ,bodies :i* are heavi] ?an _! ,fluids1 z may be tri$ by ! same ,balance ( ,fig4 #a4 alone4 ,plate ,,ii4 ,i4 ,s5ex sculp4t ,,hydro/aticks4 #ac ,an ,explication ( ! ,second ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is a l>ge ,glass ,vessel ,a ,d full ( ,wat] z high z ,e ,f4 ,)9 ?is is a less] ,glass ,vessel ,p ,h1 op5 at bo? ,ends1 b some:at n>r[] at ! ,bottom4 ,?r\gh ! middle ( ?is goes a /rong ,wire ,m ,n1 to :i* is fix$ at ! l[] ,end a ,plate ( ,lead ,g ,h1 ) wet ,lea!r to its upp] ,surface1 to be appli$ to ! l>ge l[] ,orifice ( ! less] ,glass ,i ,k1 to keep out ! ,wat] f entr+ into ! same any o!rwise ?an by a sl[ ,ins9uation4 ,?is is to %ew t a ,plate ( ,lead1 or o!r ,metal1 may be support$ by ,wat]1 & n s9k 9 x1 :]e ! ,wat] is kept f press+ on its upp] ,surface1 s long z its ,dep? "u ! ,wat] is great] ?an its ,specifick ,gravity requires2 & t by ,consequ5ce :ile ,wat] is gradually admitt$ ov] x1 x w n s9k till ! p]p5dicul> ,height ( ! ,column ( ,air betwe5 ,e ,f & ,r ,s be>s no great] ,proportion to ! ,?ickness ( ! metall9e ,plate 7) :at is annex$ to x7 ?an ! ,specifick ,gravity ( ! ,metal be>s to ,wat]4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is a cyl9drical ,vial or ,glass ,a ,d1 ) a small ,cyl9d] ( ,wood bel[ ,g ,h fix$ to its ,bottom1 & made v smoo? at ,top2 & ano!r l ,cyl9d] ( ,wood above ,g ,h1 made equally smoo? on ! l[] ,side1 t x may z exactly z possible fit ! o!r2 ) a /rong ,p9 ,i1 fix$ 9 its ,axis4 ,^u ^! ,two1 :5 laid close1 is p\r'd ,quicksilv]1 till x cov]s !m bo? z f> z ,e ,f4 ,?is is to %ew1 t !re is no su* ?+ z positive ,levity2 b t ,wood is s f> f ris+ 9 ,quicksilv] ( x self1 t till a suffici5t ,=ce pulls x up1 & p]mits ! ,quicksilv] to ins9uate betwe5 ! two ,plates1 ! upp] is fa/n$ to ! l[] by t ,quicksilv]3 ,?o' ^u ! fir/ ,ins9uation ( ! same x imm$iately & viol5tly em]ges ( x self3 ,z ,dr4 ,moor's ,fam\s ,tr5*] did 9 8 ,bucket1 to 8 great ,surprize2 till he 0 =c'd to solve x by ! ,introduction ( 8 ,_s ( ,nature4 ,fig4 #c1 & #d4 ,are ,vessels ( equal ,altitude1 b unequal ,bases1 & ( ! same ,quantity ( ,wat]2 to %ew t ,fluids ev] press accord+ to _! ,bases1 if _! p]p5dicul> ,height be equal2 & accord+ to _! p]p5dicul> ,height1 if _! ,bases be equal1 :atev] ,figure !y are (4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is a cubical ,vessel full ( ,wat]1 9 ord] to compute ! entire ,quantity ( ! ,pressure its ,sides & ,bottom su/a94 ,& t ! ,bottom alone su/a9s ! :ole ,weight ( ! ,wat]2 z is mo/ evid5t4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is to %ew t ea* ,side ( ! same ,vessel su/a9s a ,pressure equal to half ! ,weight ( ! same ,wat]4 ,= s9ce ! ,pressure at e po9t1 z ,l1 ,m1 ,n1 ,c1 is equal to ! ,altitude ( ! ,wat] above x1 ,a ,l1 ,a ,m1 ,a ,n1 ,a ,c1 by erect+ equal ,p]p5dicul>s ,l ,o1 ,m ,p1 ,n ,q1 ,c ,d1 & s at all ! int]m$iate ,po9ts1 & summ+ !m up1 we %all h ! ,triangle ,a ,c ,d z ! ,sum ( all ! ,pressures2 :i* be+ half ! ,squ>e ,a ,c ,d ,b1 made by z _m ,p]p5dicul>s equal to ! longe/ ,c ,d1 & be>+ ! :ole ,weight ( ! ,squ>e ov] x ,a ,c ,d ,b1 %ews t ! ,pressure on e physical ,l9e1 z ,a ,c ( a triangul> ,prism1 & s on ! :ole ,side repres5t$ by x1 is "o half ( ! :ole ,wat]4 ,s t s9ce ea* ( ! f\r ,sides su/a9 half1 & ! ,bottom ! :ole ,weight not)/&+1 ! entire ,pressure is ?ree times ! ,weight4 ,fig4 #g4 ,is a l ,me?od ( ,computation = an incl9$ ,pla9's ,pressure1 & h[ to e/imate x2 viz4 by ! ,weight ( ,wat] equal to ! ,prism repres5t$ by ! ,triangle ,a ,r ,c1 :]e ! ,l9es ,l ,o1 ,m ,p1 ,n ,q1 ,c ,r1 are erect$ p]p5dicul> to ,a ,c1 & equal to ,l ,g1 ,m ,t1 ,n ,v1 ,c ,x1 respectively4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is to det]m9e ! ,c5t] ( ,pressure ,z aga9/ su* a ,pla92 at :i* if an equal ,weight ,w directly pulls along ,z ,p ov] ! ,pulley ,p1 x w j balance ! ,wat]1 & ev5ly su/a9 its ,pressure4 ,fig4 #i4 ,is to %ew t ?is ,c5t] ( ,pressure is no o!r ?an ! ,c5t] ( ,p]cussion or ,oscillation ab\t an ,axis1 z ,d4 ,= ! ,pressures be+ z ! ,p]p5dicul>s ,e ,a1 ,f ,b1 ,g ,c2 & ! ,p]cussions1 z ,d ,a1 ,d ,b1 ,d ,c1 ! ,radij ( ! ,circles ( ,motion2 & ,e ,a be+ to ,f ,b1 z ,d ,a to ,d ,b2 & ,f ,b to ,g ,c1 z ,d ,b to ,d ,c3 ,! ,p]cussions are /ill z ! ,pressures2 & s ! ,c5t] ( ,p]cussion1 ! same ) ! ,c5t] ( ,pressure4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,is = ! ,computation ( ! ,quantity & ,c5t] ( ! ,pressure on any erect ,rectangle "u ,wat]2 accord+ to t ,rule1 t ! ,dep? ( any ,bodies or ,surfaces ,c5t] ( ,gravity is to be tak5 = ! p]p5dicul> ,altitude ( all ! ,pressures1 z a ,mean betwe5 !m4 ,fig4 #aa4 ,is a l>ge ,glass ,vessel ,a ,d1 conta9+ ,wat] ne> ! ,bottom2 ) ano!r small] ,vessel ,f ,k ) ,wat] almo/ to its ,top4 ,!re is also a ,syphon ,b ,h ,k1 ) an holl[ ,/em ,g ,h1 communicat+ ) bo? its ,legs4 ,to %ew t if y /op ! ,top ( ! ,/em ( ! ,syphon :ile y p\r ,oil into bo? ,vessels1 a consid]able ,height above ! ,b5d ( ! ,syphon1 & !n un/op x1 ! ,oil w press ^u ! ,wat] 9 bo? ,vessels1 & =ce x to asc5d 9 ea* ,leg2 till meet+ at ! ,b5d1 x run d[n ! long] ,leg1 out ( ! high] ,wat] into ! l[]4 ,?is is to %ew h[ ! ,air press+ ^u ,wat] may raise x up1 & cause ! kn[n ,effects ( ,syphon1 ,pumps1 ,syr+es1 c4 ,:i* us$ to be ascrib$ to ,nature's ,abhorr5ce ( a ,vacuum4 ,fig4 #ab4 ,is a ,cube at diff]5t ,dep?s ( ! same ,wat]2 to %ew h[ x mu/ h ! same ,weight 9 "o ,place t x has 9 ano!r1 because ! ,wat] & ,cube h ev] ! same ,proportion ( ,bulk & ,gravity to "o ano!r4 ,fig4 #ac4 ,is a ,bucket "u ,wat]2 to %ew x c h !re no respective ,gravity1 or _c prepond]ate2 ?o' x has ev] ! same absolute ,gravity4 ,fig4 #ad4 ,are a ,bubble & ,images ( ! same ,nature1 made ( ,glass1 ,air1 & ,wat]2 all s nicely pois'd1 t by ! ,pressure or ,relaxation ( ! ,air includ$1 :i* is done at ! ,bladd] ,a ,d1 ! ,bubble & ,images rise & fall aft] a surpriz+ ,mann]4 ,plate ,,iii4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp4 ,,hydro/aticks4 #ad ,an ,explication ( ! ,?ird ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is a ,tube full ( ,wat]1 ) ,two ,holes ,e1 ,f1 = ! ,wat] to run out at1 ! "o ,f f\r times z mu* bel[ ! ,surface ( ! ,wat] ,a ,b z ! o!r2 7! ,vessel to be /ill kept equally full all along37 to %ew t ! ,velocity & ,quantity ( ,fluids t run out1 are 9 only a subduplicate ,proportion ( ! ,altitude ( ! ,fluids1 or twice s mu* 9 a ,f\rfold ,altitude4 ,n c x be o!rwise3 ,= twice ! ,quantity runn+ out1 ) twice ! ,velocity1 implies ! ,=ce or ,pressure to be ,f\rfold1 z ! ,f\rfold ,altitude requires2 & s = ev]4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is a ,pump2 :]e ,g ,m is a holl[ ,cyl9d]1 rea*+ to ! ,wat] bel[1 ) a ,valve ,g1 :i* w be lift up by ! asc5d+ ,wat]1 & p]mit its ,entrance into ! ,body ( ! ,pump2 b w n p]mit its ,return :5 x is attempt+ to desc5d4 ,d is ! ,suck]1 ) its holl[ ,cyl9d]1 & a l ,valve3 :i* ,suck] is pull$ upw>d or ?ru/ d[nw>d by ! ,h&le ,i ,l ,k4 ,:5 x is pull$ upw>d1 x leaves ! ,body ( ! ,pump a ,vacuum3 :5ce ! ,air's ,pressure on ! ,wat]'s ,surface bel[ raises x up into t ,space1 & fills x2 & :5 x is ?ru/ d[n1 ! ,wat]1 :i* is /opp'd by ! l[] ,valve f go+ back1 is =c'd ?r\gh ! ,valve 9 ! ,suck] ,d1 into ! ,ci/]n above2 :5ce by its own ,gravity x runs out at ! ,canal ,a ,c4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is a ,=c+ ,pump1 9 ! ma9 made l ! o!r1 only )\t a ,ci/]n2 & ! ,exit is out ( ! ,side ?r\gh a ,hole1 ) a ,valve op5+ outw>d1 b %utt+ inw>d1 9 :i* ! ,suck] :5 ?ru/ d[nw>ds =ces ! ,wat] out sideways ) great ,viol5ce4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is ,ar*im$es's ,spiral ,pump ,c ,d1 made ( only a ,cyl9d]1 ) a holl[ ,spiral ,tube wrea?'d ab\t x2 :]e ! ,fluid p>tly desc5d+1 & p>tly asc5d+1 all ! way1 makes its fl[+ along ! m easy1 till ^u its ,arrival at ! ,top x runs out at ,c4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is ! :ole ,app>atus ( ! ,hydro/atical ,balance4 ,! ,glass ,bubble ,g is heavi] ?an all ,fluids b ,quicksilv]1 & is to be put into all ^? ,fluids3 ,! ,bulk ( ,wat] 9 ours is #hcj ,gra9s ,troy4 ,if :5 pois'd 9 ,wat] x s9k m by any ,numb] ( ,gra9s1 t ,numb] ( ,gra9s sub/ract$ f2 if less1 add$ to ^? #hcj1 d by _! ,proportion to #hcj give ! ,specifick ,gravity ( all su* ,fluids to ,wat]4 ,i ,k is ! ,glass ,bucket1 :i* 9 ,air is 9 quilibrio ) ! ,scale ,e3 ,& because :5 x is let into ,wat]1 x w be no long] an ,equipoise to ! opposite ,scale1 b light]2 ! ,scale ,r is to be add$ to ! ,"p ,h1 by :i* ! ,bucket is susp5d$1 & t w re/ore ! quilibrium 9 ,wat]4 ,by ?is ,solids & ,quicksilv] are weigh$ fir/ 9 ,air1 & !n 9 ,wat]3 ,! ,diff]5ce ( :i* ,weights be+ ! ,weight ( an equal ,bulk ( ,wat]1 by its ,proportion to ! fir/ ,weight 9 ,air1 gives ! ,specifick ,gravity ( ! ,solid comp>$ ) ,wat]3 ,& if t ,diff]5ce /ill divide ! ,weight 9 ,air1 = all sort ( ,bodies1 we may h a ,table ( ! ,specifick ,gravities ( ! ,solids2 z by divid+ #hcj by ! ,sum or ,diff]5ce ( ! o!r ,fluids1 we may h a l ,table ( ! ,specifick ,gravity ( ,fluids1 su* an "o z "h pres5t$ ! ,read]4 ,,hydro/aticks4 ,a ,,table ( ! ,specifick ,gravities ( sev]al ,solid & ,fluid ,bodies4 ,f9e ,gold #ai1fdj ,calculus ,humanus #a1gjj ,/&>d ,gold #ah1hhh ,oyl ( ,vitriol #a1gjj ,quicksilv] #ad1jjj ,oyl ( ,t>t> #a1eej ,lead #aa1cbe ,bezo> #a1ejj ,f9e ,silv] #aa1jia ,honey #a1dej ,/&>d ,silv] #aj1ece ,gum ,arabick #a1cge ,bismu? #i1gjj ,_s ( ,nitre #a1cae ,copp] #i1jjj ,aqua ,=tis #a1cjj ,ca/ ,brass #h1jjj ,s]um ( ,human ,blood #a1aij ,/eel ,s(t #g1gch ,pit* #a1aej ! same ,h>d #g1gjd ,_s ( ,salt #a1acj ,piece ,spr+ ,temp] #g1hji ,_s ( ,ur9e #a1abj ,iron #g1fde ,human ,blood #a1jdj ,t9 #g1cbj ,amb] #a1jdj ,glass ( ,antimony #e1bhj ,milk #a1jcj ,a ,pseudo ,topaz #d1bgj ,ur9e #a1jcj ,a ,diamond #c1djj ,dry ,box-,wood #a1jcj ,cle> ,cry/al ,glass #c1aej ,sea-,wat] #a1jcj ,icel& ,cry/al #b1gbj ,common ,wat] #a1jjj ,f9e ,m>ble #b1gjj ,camphire #j1iif ,rock ,cry/al #b1fej ,bees-,wax #j1iee ,common ,gre5 ,glass #b1fbj ,lynse$ ,oyl #j1icb ,/one ( a mean ,gravity #b1ejj ,dry ,oak #j1ibe ,sal ,gemm #b1adc ,oyl ,olive #j1iac ,brick #b1jjj ,_s ( ,turp5t9e #j1hgd ,nitre #a1ijj ,rectifi$ ,_s ( ,w9e #j1hff ,alaba/] #a1hge ,dry ,a% #j1hjj ,dry ,ivory #a1hbe ,dry ,maple #j1gee ,brim/one #a1hjj ,dry ,elm #j1fjj ,dantzick ,vitriol #a1gae ,dry ,firr #j1eej ,allom #a1gad ,cork #j1bdj ,borax #a1gad ,air #j1jja ,plate ,i4 ,pneumaticks #ae ,,pneumaticks4 ,an ,explication ( ! ,fir/ ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,are sev]al ,torricellian ,tubes or ,b>omet]s ( diff]5t ,%apes1 ,bores1 & ,positions2 b :]e ! p]p5dicul> ,altitude ( ! ,quicksilv] 9 ! ,tubes1 above ! ,level ( ! ,surface ( t 9 ! ,bason1 is ev] ! same1 or betwe5 #bh & #ca in*es high2 :i* is ! kn[n ,c\nt]poise betwe5 #cb & #cf ,feet ( ,wat]2 & to ! entire ,atmosph]e 9 its sev]al ,/ates & ,elevations1 :]e ! ,bases or ! sev]al ,tubes are suppos$ equal4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is a ,diagonal ,b>omet]1 :]e ! ,alt]ation ( ! ,p]p5dicul> ,altitude ( #c ,in*es1 by ! ,obliquity ( t ,"p ,b ,c ( ! ,tube ,a ,b ,c1 7z a ,diagonal is oblique to ! ,sides ( its ,p>allelogram17 is increas'd to #bj or #cj ,in*es ,sideways1 = m ,nicety ( ,obs]vation4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is a ,:eel ,b>omet]1 :]e by two ,weights ,g & ,h on a ,pulley1 by :i* a ,h& is turn$1 ! "o ( :i* plays freely 9 ! ,air1 & ! o!r rises & falls ) ! ,quicksilv] 9 ! ,tube1 ! ,divisions are l>g] & m obvi\s ?an 9 ! ord9>y ,b>omet]3 z !y are 9 ! ,diagonal "o2 = ! l great] ,nicety ( ,obs]vation4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is a common ,!rmomet]1 to det]m9e ! ,quantity ( ! ,heat ( ! ,air1 or ( any ,liquor1 by ! ,r>efraction ( ,_s ( ,w9e conta9'd 9 ! holl[ ,ball at ! ,bottom1 & its consequ5t asc5d+ to ! sev]al ,divisions on ! small ,tube4 ,fig4 #e1 & #ab4 ,are to %ew t ! ,air's ,d5sity is z its ,compression1 ! =m] ^u a great] ,compression1 & ! latt] ^u a great] ,r>efraction2 & t accord+ly1 9 ! fir/ ,case1 ,b ,d ! ,/&>d ,altitude1 or ab\t #bi ,in*es1 & ,l ,m ! ,additional ,altitude ( ,quicksilv] p\r'd 9 high] ?an ! ,level ,h1 tak5 toge!r1 is to ,b ,d ! ,/&>d ,altitude alone1 z ,i ,g ! inv]t$ ,"p ( ! ,tube :5 full ( common ,air1 to ,h ,g ! ,"p full ( cond5s'd ,air3 ,& 9 ! ,second ,case1 ,b ,d ! ,/&>d ,altitude1 is to ,d ,c ! ,depression by ! ,air1 z ,e ,c ! ,"p ( ! ,tube full ( ! exp&$ ,air1 to ,e ,f ! ,"p at fir/ left full ( common ,air4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is ,monsieur ,az\t's noble ,exp]im5t1 to det]m9e1 t 'tis c]ta9ly ! ,air's ,pressure t raises ! ,quicksilv] 9 ! ,b>omet]4 ,! ,in/rum5t is no?+ b a d\ble ,b>omet] communicat+ toge!r1 by ! ,means ( a small holl[ ,pipe 9 ! ,middle3 ,its l[] ,tube is /opp'd at ! ,bottom ) a ,bladd]2 & :5 ! entire ,cavities are full ( ,quicksilv]1 ! ,bladd] is prick'd or cut1 & ! ,quicksilv] runs out3 ,h]eupon ! upp] ,b>omet]'s ,tube1 & ,"p ( its ,bason1 becomes empty2 :ile ! l[] is yet full3 ,b ^u ! unscrew+ a ,screw1 & lett+ ,air 9 above ! upp] ,bason1 t ,air presses on ! ,quicksilv]'s ,surface1 & raises x into its ,tube2 :ile ! same ,air press+ d[n ! upp] ,"p ( ! "u ,tube1 depresses ! ,quicksilv] !re9 at ! same "t4 ,fig4 #g4 ,is a ,hygromet]1 or ,cord1 ) a ,ne$le or ,index 9 a ,circle1 to measure ! ,air's ,moi/ure by its %r9k+ up1 & consequ5t ,revolution "o way2 & ! ,air's ,dryness1 by its ,ext5sion d[n1 & consequ5t ,revolution ! contr>y way2 & bo? measur$ by ! ,degrees ( ! ,bottom ,circle4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is a ,syphon above #bi ,in*es high1 along :]e no ,suction nor ,art c make ! ,quicksilv] run1 z x uses to d :5 x is ( any less ,altitude4 ,fig4 #i4 ,is ! new ,sort ( ,cupp+-,glass1 :5ce ! ,air is suck'd out by a ,syr+e1 & :]e by a ,valve x is h9dr$ f return+4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,is an ,example ( ,suction2 & w %ew t ,quicksilv] c !reby nev] be rais'd to #bi ,in*es4 ,fig4 #aa4 ,is an ,example ( a ,weight rais$ by a ,syr+e1 z ,wat] uses to be2 & /ill %ews1 t all is proportionable to ! ,p[] ( ! ,air's ,pressure1 & is limit$ !reby4 ,plate ,,ii4 ,i4 ,s5ex sculp4t ,,pneumaticks4 #af ,an ,explication ( ! ,second ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is ! ,air-,pump1 ) its ,receiv] & ,gage1 z ready = ,use2 a a1 a a are two /rong holl[ ,cyl9drical ,b>rels1 9 :i* are suppos'd to be ,suck]s1 ) _! ,h&les c c1 c c not*$2 into :i* ,not*es a ,cog-:eel falls1 :i* ,cog-:eel moves ^u ! ,axis f1 :5 ! ,eng9e is put into ,motion by ! ,w9* b b4 g g1 g g are two ,cyl9d]s ( ,wood1 fix$ to ! ,frame ( ! ,air-,pump1 ) ,screws at ! ,top1 on :i* ! ,nuts e1 e e d run1 & press d[n ! upp] ,piece f f ^u ! ,tops ( ! ,brass ,b>rels1 to fix !m bo? at ,top & ,bottom4 h h is a ,swan-neck'd1 or small b5d$ holl[ ,brass ,pipe1 lead+ f ! ,top-,plate i i i i1 or r f ! ,brass holl[ ,piece above n n1 :i* communicates ?r\gh t ,top-,plate ) ! ,cavity ( ! ,receiv]4 ,?is ,pipe is screw$ to a bottom ,brass ,piece1 includ$ 9 ! ,box d d2 :i* is p]=at$ n only l5g?ways1 b also upw>ds1 9 ?ree ,places3 ,! ,middle "o = a ,communication ) ?is ,swan-neck'd ,pipe1 & at ! two ,ends ?r\gh small ,cyl9d]s2 ins]t$ into ! two ,brass ,b>rels a a a a2 & 'tis by ?is ,?reefold ,communication1 t ! ,air is pump'd out ( ! ,receiv]4 l l l is ! ,gage2 :i* is no o!r ?an a common ,b>omet]1 or ,wea!r-,glass2 ) its ,bason ( ,m]cury m m1 fix'd to ! ,eng9e by a p>ticul> ,contrivance1 & its ,index or ,box5 ,receptacle1 ) ,in*es1 & its ,cork to support t ,index ^u ! ,surface ( ! ,m]cury1 & to rise & fall ) x2 = ! ,exactness ( measur+ ! ,height ( ! ,m]cury f t ,surface4 ,only ?is ,b>omet] is op5 at ! ,top1 & communicates1 z does ! ,swan-neck'd ,pipe1 ) ! ,cavity ( ! ,receiv]4 n n is a ,/op-cock1 t communicates also ) ! ,cavity ( ! ,receiv]1 & ei!r excludes or readmits ! ,air1 z y see conv5i5t4 k is ! ,bottom ( ! ,receiv]1 gr\nd true to fit ! ,brass ,circle bel[ x2 to :i* x is affix$ by ! ,h& at fir/1 & aft]w>d by ! ,pressure ( ! ,air1 ) wet ,lea!r in/ead ( ,cem5t4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is a ,b>omet] ,tube1 op5 at ! ,top ,h1 & includ$ 9 su* a ,receiv] ,g ,b1 z gives room = x to /& upright1 & yet p]mits ! ,air to g backw>d or =w>d on its ,surface1 accord+ z y pump ! same out ( or readmit ! same into t ,receiv]4 ,& ?is is done s1 t ! includ$ ,air ,c ,d1 :i* supports ! ,m]cury1 by press+ on ! ,surface ( t 9 its ,bason ,e ,d1 is conf9'd )94 ,?is small ,quantity ( ,air1 on ! ,extraction ( t 9 ! ,receiv]1 w1 by its ,ela/icity1 raise ! ,m]cury almo/ z high z ! usual ,/&>d3 ,& !reby %ews1 t ! ,spr+ ( any small ,"p ( common ,air presses equally ) ! :ole correspond5t ,column ( ! ,atmosph]e4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is a ,contrivance to make an ,explosion ( ,gunp[d] 9 ,vacuo3 ,:]e ,h ,d is a r$ hot ,iron1 /&+ on its ,p$e/al ,e1 )9 a ,receiv] ,g ,c2 & ,f is a ,cock made above l a ,di%1 to conta9 ! ,gunp[d]2 :i* by ! pull+ up & ?ru/+ d[n a /rong ,wire1 ) a ,hole l ! ,eye ( a ,ne$le1 is 9 a c]ta9 ,quantity let fall e "t ^u ! hot ,iron2 & on ! ,explosion produces ,flame1 & fictiti\s ,air2 b v little ,s\nd1 by reason ( ! ,abs5ce ( ! ,air t %\ld convey x4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is a ,syr+e1 :i* w suck up ! ,wat] 9 ! ,glass ,c ,d1 :5 x is 9 ! op5 ,air2 b w n d ! same "u ! ,exhau/$ ,receiv] ,e ,f1 unless = s small an ,altitude z ! rema9+ ,air c su/a94 ,plate ,,iii4 ,i4 ,s5ex sculp4t ,,pneumaticks4 #ag ,an ,explication ( ! ,?ird ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is a l>ge /rong ,glass ,receiv]1 or ,cond5s]1 ,arm'd ) ,brass ,circles at bo? ,ends1 & fit to receive & be> ! ,pressure ( ,air consid]ably cond5s'd1 :5 cr\d$ into x by a ,syr+e fitt$ = t ,purpose4 ,x has also annex$ to x a ,gage ,c ,d1 to det]m9e ! ,quantity ( ! cond5s'd ,air )94 ,?is ,gage consi/s ( a holl[ ,tube1 ,h]metically seal'd at ,d1 ) ano!r small] includ$1 op5 t[>ds ,d1 & ,h]metically seal'd at ! o!r ,end4 ,9 ?is small] ,tube is left a little ,quicksilv]3 ,?is ,quicksilv] is by ! ,air at ,d 9 ! l>g] ,tube1 :i* communicates ) ! cond5s'd ,air 9 ! ,receiv] x self1 & s is ( ! same ,d5sity ) x1 cr\d$ inw>ds t[>ds ,c e "t ( ! ,admission ( new ,air2 & by its :ole ,l5g? f ! ,end ne> ,d1 comp>'d ) its ,di/ance f ! ,end ne> ,c1 x det]m9es ! ,proportion ( ! ,d5sity ( ! includ$ ,air to t ( ! common ,air4 ,note1 ,t ! ,syr+e to be made use ( ) ! ,receiv]1 is ! same ) t repres5t$ 9 ! next ,figure1 z jo9$ to ! cond5s+ ,eng9e x self2 & acts by pull+ up ! ,suck] above ! ,hole ,h1 = ! ,admission ( a full ,cyl9d] ( common ,air1 & !n cr\d+ x d[n into ! ,receiv]2 at ! ,bottom ( ?is ,syr+e is a ,valve1 t h9d]s :at is once cr\d$ 9 f return+ back aga91 z is necess>y on all su* ,occasions4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is ! usual ,brass ,cond5s] x self1 ) a ,/op-cock ,e ,f ne> x2 to be int]pos$ betwe5 ! ,syr+e & ! ,receiv] ^u ,occasion4 ,! ,in/rum5t1 besides ! ,frame1 is compos$ ( a ,recipi5t ( ,brass1 made ( ,two ,hemisph]es1 or :at is equival5t to !m1 clos$ toge!r by a ,r+ ( wet ,lea!r1 to keep 9 ! ,air2 & because 9 ?is ,case ! d5se ,air )9 endeav\rs =cibly to disjo9 ^! ,hemisph]es1 !y are conf9'd d[n close by a /rong ,piece ( ,iron1 & ,screws belong+ !reto4 ,! ,syr+e already describ'd1 is repres5t$ z jo9'd to x aft] ! same mann] t x is :5 ! ,air is !reby intrud$4 ,?is ,brass ,recipi5t w be> ,air v mu* d5s] ?an ! =ego+ ,glass "o1 ?o' x be+ n transp>5t z ! o!r is1 _c be s pleasant1 nor s well %ew ! ,mutations t happ5 to ,animals or o!r ,bodies 9 cond5s'd ,air z ! =m]4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is ! ,log>i?mick ,curve ,a ,c c1 ) its ,ord9ates ,a ,b1 ,c ,d1 c d1 ,k repres5t+ ,absolute ,numb]s1 & its ,absciss1 ,c ,g or ,d ,b1 ,i c or ,b d & ,b 1 repres5t+ _! ,log>i?ms1 ^: fam\s ,prop]ty x is1 t "o ,ord9ate z ,a ,b1 is to ano!r ,ord9ate z ,c ,d1 or c d or ,k 1 z t unlimit$ ,space betwe5 ! ,curve & ,asymptote above ! "o1 is to t above ! o!r2 & :5ce is d$uc'd ! ,proportion ( ! ,air's ,r>ity at all ,altitudes :atsoev]2 t at #g ,miles high x is #d times z r>e2 at ano!r #g1 or #ad ,miles1 x is #af times z r>e1 & s = ev]1 9 a ,geometrical ,proportion ( ,r>ity1 comp>'d ) ! ,ari?metical ,proportion ( its ,altitude2 ?o' all ?is is "h ^u ! ,hypo!sis t ! ,di/ances are n s great1 t ! real ,gravity ( ! ,p>ts be s5sibly dim9i%$4 ,= 9 t ,case1 ,fig4 #d4 ,gives ! ,s*eme1 :i* is made use ( to discov] ! ,air's ,r>5ess1 ev5 at su* ,di/ances1 z imply a consid]able ,alt]ation 9 t ,gravity2 :5ce x w appe>1 t ! ,d5sity ( ! ,air is dim9i%$ 9 t ,case m ?an #d times = e #g ,miles ( ,altitude4 ,plate ,,iiii4 ,i4 ,s5ex sculp4t ,,pneumaticks4 #ah ,an ,explication ( ! ,f\r? ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,is a comp\nd ,in/rum5t1 to %ew1 :y 9 a ,/orm ! ,m]cury 9 ! ,b>omet] vibrates s mu*1 by a p>allel ,case 9 an ,imitation ( su* a ,/orm4 ,a ,a is a l>ge holl[ ,brass ,sph]e1 into :i* by ! means ( ! ,syr+e 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,air is cr\d$ till x is #h or #aj times z d5se z usual4 ,h ,f & ,l ,k are ,two ,b>omet]s1 ) _! ,basons 9 ! ,boxes ,f ,f1 ,k ,k1 :i* ,boxes communicate by a long holl[ ,tube ,i ,i4 ,e ,e is a ,brass holl[ ,tube1 to convey ! cr[d$ ,air ne> ! ,surface ( "o ( ! ,basons ( ,quicksilv]1 :i* ,air passes out ( t into a l>g] holl[ ,pipe ,g ,g1 & s into ! op5 ,air4 ,^u ! turn+ ( ! ,/opcock ,c to give v5t to ! cond5s$ ,air1 x ru%es ) great ,=ce along ! holl[ ,pipes ,e ,e1 ,g ,g2 & z x passes n f> (f ! ,surface ( ! ,bason ( ,quicksilv] ,f ,f1 x causes ! ,m]cury 9 bo? ! ,b>omet]s ,h ,h1 & ,l ,l1 to desc5d & vibrate sev]al ,in*es1 z ! great ,/orm made ,b>omet]s desc5d & vibrate 9 ,*amb]s at a di/ance f x4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is a ,transf]r]2 conta9+ "o common holl[ ,/em ,i 7"h repres5t$ z screw'd to a squ>e ,piece ( ,wood1 & !reby held upright7 ) its ,/opcock ,i1 & its ,horizontal ,holl[ ,g ,h ) :i* x communicates4 ,^u ?is ,horizontal ,piece two m holl[ ,/ems are erect$1 & communicate !re)4 ,^! also h ,/opcocks ,e & ,f1 & to ^! are screw'd ,two ,brass ,plates ,a ,b & ,c ,d1 on :i* ,two ,recipi5ts may be fix'd1 & may communicate ) ! re/4 ,by ?is means ! :ole ,in/rum5t may be apply'd to ! ,air ,pump1 & "o or m ( its ,recipi5ts exhau/$2 & aft]w>d any ,factiti\s or ,natural ,air may be transf]r'd f "o ,receiv] to ano!r1 z ,occasion requires3 ,( :i* ,in/rum5t ,mr4 ,boyle made great ,use 9 8 ,second ,cont9uation ( ,exp]im5ts4 ,fig4 #d4 ,are v small or capill>y ,glass ,tubes1 ( diff]5t ,bores1 let d[n into ,t+$ ,wat]1 9 ,vacuo1 to %ew1 t by ! ,attraction ( ! ,glass ! ,wat] w be elevat$1 contr>y to ! ord9>y ,law ( ,hydro/aticks1 & t to a consid]able ,height2 & :at is *iefly rem>kable1 is1 t ! ,altitude ( ! ,liquid 9 ! ,tubes is ! same 9 ,vacuo z 9 ! op5 ,air1 & is always 9 an exact reciprocal ,proportion to ! ,diamet]s ( _! ,bases4 ,fig4 #e4 ,is ! noble ,improvem5t ( ! =m] ,exp]im5t by ,mr4 ,hauksbee1 ,s54 ^u :i* ! ,le>n$ ,mr4 ,ditton has writt5 a small ,treatise4 ,x is done by two ,glass ,pla9s1 ,a ,c ,b1 ,a ,d ,b1 meet+ 9 an ,axis at ,a ,b2 & be+ ab\t a ,t5? ( an ,in* di/ant at ! greate/ ,ap]ture ,d ,c4 ,^! ,pla9s are ,erect$ 9 ,_s ( ,w9e1 & are l a ,s]ies ( ,tubes ( all diff]5t ,diamet]s less ?an ,d ,c1 :i* mu/ !re=e elevate ! ,fluid a little at ,d ,c1 & high] all ! way to ,b1 :]e ! ,elevation ought to be ,inf9ite2 ! ,tops ( ! elevat$ ,columns w =m an ,hyp]bola1 ,e ,f ,g1 ) its ,two ,asymptotes1 ! ,surface ( ! ,fluid ,d ,c ,b1 & ! ,l9e ,b ,a4 ,note1 ,t if ! ,angle at ,d ,c be alt]$1 ! ,bigness ( ! ,hyp]bola w be alt]'d1 :ile its ,species rema9s2 b t if ! ,angle ,a ,b ,c be alt]'d1 ! ,species ( ! ,hyp]bola w be alt]'d also1 ?\gh x w /ill be a true ,hyp]bola1 & t if ! ,glass be clean1 to a surpriz+ ,degree ( ,exactness4 ,plate ,v4 ,sutton ,ni*olls sculp3 ,,pneumaticks4 #ai ,an ,explication ( ! ,fif? ,,plate4 ,figure #a4 ,are ,otto ,gu]ick's ,hemisph]es1 ) _! sev]al ,screws & ,app>atus at l>ge1 set sep>ately by !mselves4 ,!y are design$ to prove t ! ,=ce ( ! outw>d ,air1 :5 ! inw>d is extract$ f betwe5 !m1 is equal to ! ,weight ( a ,column ( ,quicksilv] ( ab\t #bi ,in*es & a half3 ,( ,wat] ( ab\t #cd ,feet3 ,& ( ,air to ! ,top ( ! ,atmosph]e1 all press+ ^u ! same ,base ) ! l>ge/ ,circles ( ^? ,hemisph]es4 ,fig4 #b4 ,is ! ,syr+e1 ) its ,hole2 to be screw'd on to ! ,top ( ! ,receiv] ( ! next ,figure2 9 ord] to ?ru/ ,air into x1 = ! ,improvem5t ( ! =m] ,exp]im5t2 or to %ew t ?o' common ,air be left 9 ! ,hemisph]es1 yet if t on _! outw>d ,surface be made twice or ?rice z d5se1 !y w /ill su/a9 an equal1 or a d\ble ,weight respectively1 be=e !y are sep>at$4 ,fig4 #c4 ,is t ,in/rum5t includ$ 9 su* a ,receiv] ,d ,b1 & t ,receiv] kept close to its ,basis by a cross ,piece & ,screws1 z 9 ! ,cond5s] be=e3 ,toge!r ) a newly contriv'd ,/ili>d1 to :i* ! upp] ,hemisph]e is hung2 ) its fix$ ,base1 & its ,gage1 to measure ! ,degrees ( ,cond5sation ( ! ,air1 :]e by ! ,proportion ( ,s ,p to ,p ,k1 ! ,weight #ej w4 is equival5t to great] ,weights1 & %ews h[ _m ,p\nds are requir$ to sep>ate ! ,hemisph]es 9 all ,cases4 ,if ! ,diamet] be #c ,in*es & a half1 !y w su/a9 ab\t #aej ,p\nds2 & s 9 all o!r ,proportions4 ,fig4 #d4 ,is ! ,plate :i* cov]s ! upp] ,"p ( ! ,receiv]4 ,& ?r\gh ! ,hole ,c ! ,piece ,d ,e slides1 :i* takes hold on ! upp] ,hemisph]e4 ,fig4 #e4 ,%ews ! ,gage ( ! same ,in/rum5t2 ?is is l t = ! ,glass ,cond5s] be=e describ'd1 & conta9s a b5d$ ,tube1 ^: op5 ,end is 9 a small ,bas9 ( ,m]cury2 & ! o!r is ,h]metically seal'd3 ,= ?is ,m]cury cr[d$ by ! cond5s$ ,air 9 ! ,receiv]1 w cr\d ! ,air 9 ! small ,tube clos] 9 ,proportion to its ,d5sity1 & s w af=d u ! ,k ( ! ,quantity !re(4 ,fig4 #f4 ,is a l ,exp]im5t ( ! ,cohesion ( poli%$ ,plates ( ,brass1 or ( ,m>ble2 :5 ! ,air is exclud$ by a little ,oil1 & an exact ,application4 ,?is ,cohesion may be weigh$ by ! ,/ili>d1 z well z t ( ! ,hemisph]es2 & is equal to ! same1 ^u ! same ,base2 provid$ a ,r+ d prev5t _! side or slid+ ,motion2 & provid$ ! ,air c equally be exclud$ f betwe5 ! ,plates1 z betwe5 ! ,hemisph]es4 ,:i* la/ yet is almo/ impossible to be done4 ,fig4 #g4 ,is a ,numb] ( great ,weights1 kept /eady "o ov] ano!r by an ,iron ,rod pass+ ?r\gh !m1 & press+ ^u a ,bladd] half bl[n1 plac'd bel[ !m3 ,?is ,bladd]1 by ! ,ela/icity ( its includ$ ,air1 gradually elevates all ^? ,weights2 z soon z by ! ,extraction ( ! o!r ,air out ( ! ,receiv]1 :]e9 !y are all includ$1 its ,c\nt]poise is gradually tak5 away4 ,fig4 #h4 ,is a ,numb] ( ,jet d',eaus1 or ,f\nta9s1 made by cond5s'd ,air1 9 a l>ge ,copp] ,vessel ,c ,d1 press+ on ! ,surface ( ,wat] at ! ,bottom ( ! ,vessel2 into :i* ,wat] a holl[ ,brass ,pipe is imm]s'd4 ,= if !re be !n a ,/opcock at ,g1 to op5 or %ut ! holl[ ,pipe at ,pleasure2 & sev]al small] ,pipes at ,i ,k1 communicat+ !re)1 turn+ ^u ,balls or ,jo9ts1 & plac'd 9 ,ord]1 we %all h a v pleasant ,set ( ^! ,jet d',eaus1 or ,f\nta9s2 all ^: ,wat] w be caught by ! ,bason ,a ,b1 :i* ,wat] may be aga9 let into ! ,vessel ,c ,d1 by unscrew+ ! ,pill> 9 ! ,c5t] ( ! ,bason4 ,plate ,,vi4 ,i4 ,s5ex sculp4t ,,pneumaticks4 #bj ,an ,explication ( ! ,six? ,,plate4 ,?is ,plate is 9 ,reality b "o comp\nd ,in/rum5t or ,app>atus1 = try+ ! ,electricity ( ,glass1 & its ,lum9\sness1 :5 put into ,motion1 & rubb'd ^u to heat x4 ,:]e9 ,b ,c is a ,:eel1 ) its ,/r+ ,a ,b ,c4 ,d ,e is a ,sph]e ( ,glass1 ^: ,air has be5 drawn out by ! ,air-,pump3 ,?is is turn$ r\nd by ! =m] ,:eel-/r+ at ,a4 ,f is a ,/opcock1 :]eby ! ,air is exhau/$1 & may be readmitt$ at ,discretion4 ,9 ,fig4 #a4 ,k ,l ,m is an ,ar* ) ,?reads ( ,cruel or ,y>n ^u x1 z !y hang ab\t ! ,glass ,d ,e1 7"h repres5t$ by a small] ,circle )9 ! ,ar*7 be=e x is turn$ r\nd or heat$ by rubb+4 ,fig4 #b4 ,g ,h ,i is ! same ) ! =m]2 only ! ,?reads are "h repres5t$ z !y hang at ! ,beg9n+ ( ! turn+ r\nd ( ! ,globe1 be=e x be heat$ by ,friction2 be+ pla9ly b5t "o way1 by a ,w9d aris+ f t ,convolution4 ,fig4 #c4 ,n ,p ,o is ! same2 only ) ! ,?reads po9t+ t[>ds ! ,sph]e1 or its ,c5t]1 :5 ! ,ar* is 9 an upright ,po/ure1 & "s ( ! ,?reads hang p>tly d[nw>ds1 & ?is ^u ! ,sph]es be+ heat$ suffici5tly4 ,fig4 #d4 ,q ,s ,r is ! same1 ) its ,?reads po9t+ ! same way1 ?\gh 9 a d[nw>d ,po/ure1 :5 "s ( ! ,?reads !reby are =c'd to /& erect4 ,fig4 #e4 ,t ,u is a ,circul> ,ar*1 9 an horizontal ,position1 :5 ! ,?reads po9t t[>ds ! same ,c5t]1 9 ! same horizontal ,pla94 ,fig4 #f4 ,is ano!r ,sph]e1 communicat+ ) ! ,air1 & to be apply'd to ! same ,:eel 9 ! ,room ( ,d ,e1 :]e-into is ins]t$ an ,axis ) a ,circle affix$ to x2 at ! ,edges ( :i* ,circle ! ,?reads are plac$4 ,^! ^u ! ,friction & ,heat ( ! ,glass ext5d !mselves outw>d1 & po9t f ! ,c5t] to ! ,circumf]5ce1 contr>y to ! =m]4 ,9 bo? ,cases ! ,?reads1 :5 "u ! ,influ5ce ( ! ,electricity1 w be mov$ by ! ,f+]1 ev5 )\t ,contact1 nay by ! ,f+] & ,brea?1 ev5 ?r\gh ! ,glass x self2 s subtle are ^! ,effluvia4 ,! ,light is made :5 ! ,air is exhau/$1 & dim9i%es z y readmit x4 ,x spreads & bran*es x self inw>dly l ,lightn+1 :5 ab\t half t ,air is readmitt$4 ,! ,col\r ( t ,light is always ,purple4 ,x spreads at "s ,di/ance1 & makes ! ,edges ( a ,cravat look a little l ! milky ,way1 by ! great ,numb] ( ,sp>kles x emits3 ,:i* may also be felt by ! ,fle%1 ) a crackl+ ,noise t accompanies !m4 ,if y also suffici5tly rub & heat a l>ge ,tube ( ,glass1 ei!r solid or holl[1 x becomes /rongly ,electrical1 ev5 ?r\gh ,glass x self2 ?o' n s mu* ?r\gh ,musl94 ,o!r ,heat ?an t by ,friction signifies no?+4 ,x w attract & repel ,leaf ,gold1 & ! l small & light ,bodies1 aft] a /range mann]1 by turns2 :5 once !y h be5 fully repell'd !y _c be made to t\* !m1 till !y h be5 reflect$ f "s o!r ,body4 ,if !y lye betwe5 two ,pieces ( ,wood1 laid pretty ne>1 ! ,electricity fails ( its ,effect4 ,) o!r ,circum/ances v surpriz+ & unacc\ntable4 ,,f9is4 ,transcription note3 ,! orig9al punctuation & ortography ( ! book h be5 fai?fully pres]v$2 words :i* are spell$ v>iantly1 or inconsi/5tly capitaliz$ 7e4g41 ,axel vs4 ,axle1 cr[d$ vs4 cr\d$1 blue1 r$ vs4 ,blue1 ,r$1 etc47 h be5 left z su*4 ,likewise1 ! 7mis7spell+ ( names l ,galilo1 ,az\t1 ,hug51 ,gu]ick1 has be5 reta9$4 ,! foll[+ typographical mi/akes h be5 correct$1 tak+ into acc\nt recurr5ces across ! text3 99 ,page ,,iii1 #be? day3 99 ,! ,ebullition ( ,liquors 9 ,vacuo ,! ,ebullition ( ,liquors 9 ,vacuo 99 ,me*anicks1 ,explication ( ! #bnd ,plate3 99 ,figure4 #a4 ,is ! deceitful ,balance2 :i* yet is 9 ,equilibrio ,figure #a4 ,is ! deceitful ,balance2 :i* yet is 9 quilibrio 99 ,fig4 #c ,fig4 #c4 99 ,fig4 #aj3 p]p5dicul>y p]p5dicul>ly 99 betwe5 ,fig4 #i & #aj3 ,n4 ,b4 ,n4 ,b4 99 ,fig4 #aj3 & 9 ?is ,leav] & 9 ?is ,lev] 99 ,me*anicks1 ,expl4 #e? ,plate1 ,fig4 #c3 99 u x is less re/ra9$4 z x is less re/ra9$4 99 ,opticks1 ,expl4 #a/ ,plate1 ,fig4 #c3 99 ,look+-glass ,look+-,glass 99 ,opticks1 ,expl4 #bnd ,plate3 99 ,fig4 #h4 ,%[s ,fig4 #h4 ,%ews 99 ,fig4 #aj3 on ! l ,accc\nt4 on ! l ,acc\nt4 99 ,hydro/aticks1 ,expl4 #a/ ,plate3 99 ,fig4 #e3 specifick ,gravity ( ,wat] ,specifick ,gravity ( ,wat] 99 ,hydro/aticks1 ,table ( ,specifick ,gravities3 99 ,_s ( ,nirre ,_s ( ,nitre 99 ,pneumaticks1 ,expl4 #bnd ,plate3 99 ,fig4 #a3 'tis by ?is ,?teefold 'tis by ?is ,?reefold 99 ,fig4 #b3 small ,"p ( ccmmon ,air small ,"p ( common ,air 99 ,pneumaticks1 ,expl4 #e? ,plate3 99 ,fig4 #f3 z betwe5 ! ,hemisph]es z betwe5 ! ,hemisph]es4 99 ,pneumaticks1 ,expl4 #f? ,plate3 99 ,fig4 #f3 ?r\gn ,musl9 ?r\gh ,musl9