,,*ur* ,,& ,,nation ,,! ,,bi%op ,,paddock ,,lectures ,,= #aiad-ae ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,! ,,g5]al ,,!ological ,,sem9>y1 ,,new ,,york ,,by ,,william ,,temple ,,hon4 ,,*apla9 ,,to ,h4,m4 ,,! ,,k+ ,rector ( ,/4 ,james's1 ,piccadilly1 ,*apla9 to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury ,=m]ly ,fell[ ( ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d1 & ,headma/] ( ,repton ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,/reet1 ,,london #aiae ,,copyright ,,to ,,my ,,"m ,,:o ,,fell ,,asleep ,,z ,,good ,,friday ,,dawn$ ,,april #b1 #aiae 99,,preface99 ,:5 ,i receiv$ & accept$ ! invitation to deliv] ! ,paddock ,lectures = ! season #aiad-aiae1 no "o imag9$ t ^! ye>s 7 de/9$ to h ! hi/orical significance :i* !y mu/ n[ possess = all "t4 ,i 0 myself "o ( ^? :o _h all[$ conc]n = social re=m1 & int]nal problems g5]ally1 to occupy my m9d almo/ to ! exclusion ( =eign que/ions4 ,i 0 prep>$ to /ake a good deal ^u :at seem$ to me ! improbability ( any outbreak ( ,european w>4 ,= all :o took ?is view ! ev5ts ( rec5t mon?s h involv$ p]haps a great] re-%ap+ ( fundam5tal notions ?an 0 requir$ by p :o _h ?\ght probable su* a cata/rophe z t 9 :i* we are n[ involv$4 ,i f\nd x impossible to conc5trate my m9d ^u any subject :olly unconnect$ ) ! w>1 :ile at ! same "t x w\ld h be5 9 ! la/ degree unsuitable t 9 my lectures to ,am]ican ,!ological ,/ud5ts ,i %\ld deliv] myself ( su* views z ,i _h =m$ conc]n+ ! rights & wrongs ( ! w> itself1 or ! que/ions at /ake 9 x4 ,^! lectures1 !re=e1 repres5t an attempt to ?9k out afre% ! und]ly+ problems :i* = a ,*ri/ian are fundam5tal 9 reg>d n only to ?is w> b to w> 9 g5]al--! place ( ,nationality 9 ! s*eme ( ,div9e ,provid5ce & ! duty ( ! ,*ur* 9 reg>d to ! gr[? ( nations4 ,b 9 a preface x may be p]missible to say :at w\ld be inappropriate 9 ! ,lectures !mselves1 & fir/ ,i w\ld take ?is opportunity ( reit]at+ c]ta9 convictions :i* h =m$ ! basis ( a s]ies ( pamphlets issu$ "u ! auspices ( a ,committee drawn f v>i\s ,*ri/ian bodies & political p>ties1 ( :i* ,i h _h ! hon\r to be ,editor3 #a4 ,t ,great ,brita9 0 9 ,augu/ morally b\nd to decl>e w> & is no less b\nd to c>ry ! w> to a decisive issue2 #b4 ,t ! w> is none ! less an outcome & a revelation ( ! un-,*ri/ian pr9ciples :i* h dom9at$ ! life ( ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom & ( :i* bo? ! ,*ur* & ! nations h ne$ to rep5t2 #c4 ,t foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 z memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 are l9k$ to "o ano!r 9 a fell[%ip :i* transc5ds all divisions ( nationality or race2 #d4 ,t ! ,*ri/ian duties ( love & =giv5ess are z b9d+ 9 "t ( w> z 9 "t ( peace2 #e4 ,t ,*ri/ians are b\nd to recognise ! insuffici5cy ( m]e compulsion = ov]com+ evil1 & to place supreme reliance ^u spiritual =ces & 9 p>ticul> ^u ! p[] & me?od ( ! ,cross2 #f4 ,t only 9 proportion z ,*ri/ian pr9ciples dictate ! t]ms ( settlem5t w a real & la/+ peace be secur$2 #g4 ,t x is ! duty ( ! ,*ur* to make an altoge!r new ef=t to realise & apply to all ! relations ( life its own positive ideal ( bro!rhood & fell[%ip2 #h4 ,t ) ,god all ?+s are possible4 ,^! propositions 7 v c>efully draft$ by ! ,committee ref]r$ to above & entirely repres5t my own beliefs2 b !re is some?+ m :i* ,i w\ld add4 ,! new ,triple ,alliance ( ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 & ,turkey is no accid5t2 x is ! comb9ation ( j ^? ?ree ,p[]s :i* op5ly & av[$ly believe 9 oppression--t is1 9 ! imposition by =ce ( ! /&>ds accept$ by "o race ^u p ( ano!r race4 ,all nations h at "o "t or ano!r practis$ oppression2 c]ta9ly ,great ,brita9 is n free f ! *>ge1 & ! hi/ory ( ,russia has _m d>k pages 9 ?is respect4 ,b we c all claim t :5 we h be5 guilty ( oppression x has be5 "u ! influ5ce ( fe>1 :e!r ( revolution1 an>*ism1 or "s o!r =ce ?\ght to be disruptive ( ! ,/ate4 ,) our enemies ?is is n s4 ,we all "k ab\t ,turkey2 x is ! ess5tially ,mohamm$an p[]1 & ,mohamm$anism is ! religion ( oppression2 x believes 9 impos+ its fai? by means ( ! sword4 ,! ,au/rian ,empire consi/s ( ?ree divisions 9 ea* ( :i* "o race is impos+ its mann] ( life ^u ano!r4 ,9 ,au/ria-prop] ! ,g]mans oppress ! ,cze*s2 9 ,galicia ! ,poles h1 9 "s degree at lea/1 oppress$ ! ,ru!nes2 9 ,hung>y ! ,magy>s h sy/ematically & av[$ly oppress$ ! ,r\manians 9 ! ea/1 & ! ,croats 9 ! s\? & we/4 ,g]many has %[n h] political fai? by h] conduct 9 ,alsace-,lorra9e1 & /ill m 9 ,pol&4 ,no?+ has yet appe>$ s illum9at+ ) reg>d to :at is at /ake 9 ?is w>1 z ,pr9ce ,buel['s *apt] on ,pol& 9 8 book1 ,imp]ial ,g]many2 he describes :at seems to u ! mo/ gr9d+ oppression ) obvi\s self-cont5tm5t & )\t a "q ( its righte\sness2 & !re h be5 abundant signs t1 at lea/1 _m p 9 ,g]many are will+ to impose ,g]man ,kultur by ! sword z ,mohamm$ans impose belief 9 _! prophet4 ,if ?is is true1 & if ! analysis 9 my lectures ( ! ,*ri/ian function ( ! ,/ate & ( ! pr9ciples ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god is s\nd1 !n x becomes cle> t ?is w> is be+ f\ght to det]m9e :e!r 9 ! next p]iod ! ,*ri/ian or ! directly anti-,*ri/ian me?od %all h an increase ( influ5ce4 ,! ?ree mo/ democratic ( ! great ,we/]n ,p[]s--,great ,brita91 ,france1 & ,italy--9 conjunction ) ,russia1 :i* is aft] all pr(\ndly democratic 9 its local life ?\gh imp]ially x is a milit>y autocracy1 are l9k$ toge!r 9 a natural union on behalf ( fre$om z !y und]/& x1 aga9/ an idea embodi$ & embattl$ :i* is 9 exact opposition to all !y live =4 ,x 0 !re=e no surprise to f9d t all ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) :om ,i came 9 contact 7 q def9itely ^u ! side ( ! ,allies 9 sympa?y4 ,to advocate w> 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ is to adopt a position :i* looks self-contradictory & :i* c]ta9ly involves imm5se responsibility1 & yet if our p c ma9ta9 ! attitude ( m9d 9 :i* !y ent]$ on ! w> & c secure at ! end a settlem5t h>moni\s ) t frame ( m9d1 ,i believe !y w h s]v$ ! ,k+dom ( ,god ?r\gh fight+1 bett] ?an x 0 possible to d at ?is mom5t 9 human hi/ory by any o!r means4 ,w4,t4 ,lecture ,,ii4 9 ?is s]ies is almo/ id5tical ) ! pamphlet ,our ,ne$ ( a ,ca?olic ,*ur*--,no4 #ai ( ,pap]s = ,w> ,"t4 ,9 ,lectures ,i4 & ,,iii4 ,i am "u great obligation to ,pr(essor ,a4 ,g4 ,hogg1 ?\gh my position is n at all id5tical ) 84 99,,cont5ts99 ,,lecture ,i ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,fre$om ,,lecture ,,ii ,,*ur* ,,& ,,/ate ,,lecture ,,iii ,,ju/ice ,,& ,,lib]ty ,,9 ,,! ,,/ate ,,lecture ,,iv ,,hol9ess ,,& ,,ca?olicity ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,lecture ,v ,,! ,,citiz5%ip ,,( ,,heav5 ,,lecture ,,vi ,,god ,,9 ,,hi/ory ,,app5dix ,i ,,on ,,! ,,apocalyptic ,,consci\sness ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,on ,,moral ,,& ,,spiritual ,,au?ority ,,app5dix ,,iii ,,on ,,ju/ice ,,& ,,education ,,app5dix ,,iv ,,on ,,ord]s ,,& ,,ca?olicity ,,app5dix ,v ,,on ,,provid5ce ,,9 ,,hi/ory 99,,*ur* ,,& ,,nation99 99,,lecture ,i99 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,fre$om ,& ,jesus1 full ( ! ,holy ,_s1 return$ f ! ,jordan1 & 0 l$ by ! ,_s 9 ! wild]ness dur+ =ty days1 be+ tempt$ ( ! ,devil4--,s4 ,luke iv4 #a4 ,our ,"l1 9 accept+ = ,himself ! title ( ! ,messiah1 or ! ,*ri/1 claim$ t x 0 ,8 function to inaugurate ^u e>? ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,:atev] else might at t "t be believ$ ab\t ! ,messiah1 ?is at lea/ 0 univ]sally held1 t ! ,messiah1 :5 ,he came1 w\ld inaugurate ^u e>? ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,t is ! task ( ! ,"l's m9i/ry2 t is ! task to :i* we1 z ,8 foll[]s1 are pl$g$2 & at ?is "t :5 ! civilisation1 :i* = ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s has be5 "u ! ,*ri/ian influ5ce1 has culm9at$ 9 z great a cata/rophe z has ev] beset any civilisation1 ,*ri/ian or ,pagan1 x is well = u to g back & ask1 ,:at are ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,k+dom :i* ,*ri/ f\nd$1 :at ! me?od by :i* ,he f\nd$ x1 & :at are ! pr9ciples & me?ods :i* ,he reject$8 ,!re 7 v>i\s anticipations ( ! way 9 :i* ! promis$ ,*ri/ w\ld d ,8 "w2 b broadly speak+ !re 7 two ma9 types ( expectation4 ,!re 7 ^? :o suppos$ t ! ,messiah :5 ,he came1 w\ld rule 9 ! mann] ( an e>?ly rul]1 e/abli%+ righte\sness by ! ord9>y me?ods ( law & political au?ority1 & ?is expectation und\bt$ly d]iv$ "s col\r f ! way 9 :i* ,isaiah _h envisag$ ! com+ ,*ri/3 ,isaiah ix1 #f1 #g4 ,= unto u a *ild is born1 unto u a son is giv52 & ! gov]nm5t %all be ^u 8 %\ld]3 & 8 "n %all be call$ ,wond]ful-,c\nsellor1 ,mighty ,god1 ,ev]la/+ ,fa!r1 ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,( ! increase ( 8 gov]nm5t & ( peace !re %all be no end ^u ! ?rone ( ,david1 & ^u 8 k+dom1 to e/abli% x1 & to uphold x ) judgm5t & ) righte\sness f h5ce=?1 ev5 = ev]4 ,x is a k+ rul+ ^u ! ?rone ( ,david t is sugge/$2 & :ile x is only ! mo/ fooli% lit]alism :i* w say t ! ,prophet himself 0 committ$ to su* a view1 x 0 natural en\gh = ^? :o read 8 writ+s to conceive ( ! ,messiah z act+ aft] t fa%ion4 ,! p w5t into captivity2 & :5 !y return$1 x 0 n to any realis$ ,k+dom ( ,god ^u e>?1 b r to difficulties great] ?an _h ev] confront$ !m be=e1 until at la/ ,antio*us ,epiphanes initiat$ ! great p]secution ^: aim 0 to /amp out altoge!r ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah1 sett+ up z he did 9 ! v ,temple ,c\rt at ,j]usalem ! alt> ( ,zeus1 on :i* sw9e 7 sacrific$--! abom9ation ( desolation /&+ :]e x ought n4 ,out ( ! fi]y furnace ( t p]secution comes ! gl[+ prophecy ( ,daniel4 ,:at is ! answ] :i* he conceives ,god z giv+ to ! blasphem] ,antio*us8 ,x is no?+ less ?an ! div9e judgm5t & ! mission ( ! div9e ,deliv]]3 ,daniel vii1 #i1 #aj1 #ac1 #ad4 ,i beheld till ?rones 7 plac$ & "o t 0 anci5t ( days did sit3 8 raim5t 0 :ite z sn[1 & ! hair ( 8 head l pure wool2 8 ?rone 0 fi]y flames1 & ! :eels !re( burn+ fire4 ,a fi]y /ream issu$ & came =? f be=e him2 ?\s& ?\s&s m9i/]$ unto him1 & t5 ?\s& times t5 ?\s& /ood be=e him2 ! judgm5t 0 set1 & ! books 7 op5$4444 ,i saw 9 ! night visions1 &1 behold1 !re came ) ! cl\ds ( heav5 "o l unto a son ( man1 & he came ev5 to ! anci5t ( days1 & !y br\ght him ne> be=e him4 ,& !re 0 giv5 him dom9ion1 & glory1 & a k+dom1 t all ! peoples1 nations1 & languages %\ld s]ve him2 8 dom9ion is an ev]la/+ dom9ion1 :i* %all n pass away1 & 8 k+dom t :i* %all n be de/roy$4 ,?is conception ( ! ,messiah1 com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( ,heav51 e/abli%+ ! ,k+dom ( ,god by s manife/ an exhibition ( ! div9e au?ority ) :i* ,he is end[$1 t all d\bt & hesitation are q impossible1 is t :i* took ! greate/ hold ^u ! religi\s imag9ation ( ,israel1 & p>ticul>ly ( t great body ( p1 ! heirs ( ! tradition ( ! ,maccabees1 inh]itors ( ! h]oism :i* _h /ood out aga9/ ! p]secution1 :om we "k z ! sect ( ! ,ph>isees--m5 :o liv$ 9 ! /r5g? ( a fell[%ip t _h beh9d x ! greate/ religi\s tradition 9 all ! _w1 b :o1 because !y tru/$ m to _! tradition ?an to ! ,god :o inspir$ x1 7 unable to recognise ! /ill fur!r call ( ,god :5 x came to !m4 ,! lit]ature ( ! p]iod betwe5 ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t %[s h[ wide & deep 0 ! influ5ce ( ,daniel's vision ^u _! ,messianic hopes4 ,at ,8 baptism1 ! ,"l is call$ to beg9 ,8 ,messianic "w2 ! voice :i* ,he he>d f ,heav5 spoke words :i* 7 by all int]pret]s ( ! "t believ$ to ref] to ! ,messiah3--,?\ art my belov$ son2 9 !e ,i am well pleas$4 ,! ,messiah w be end[$ ) ,div9e au?ority & p[]4 ,h[ %all ,he use x8 ,& imm$iately ! ,"l goes into ! wild]ness to face ! temptations t arose f precisely ! conviction t ,8 ,messianic "w is ev5 n[ to beg94 ,! temptation has two sides to x--an inw>d & an outw>d4 ,z reg>ds ,himself1 :at does ! temptation mean8 ,let u rem9d ourselves t !re 0 app>5tly no "o ) ,him 9 ?is crisis2 ! /ory1 z we h x1 mu/ come f ,himself4 ,x is ,8 own acc\nt 7( c\rse 9 p>able =m1 l s mu* else 9 ,8 tea*+7 ( ! /ruggle ( ^? e>ly days4 ,:at is meant by ! p>able conc]n+ ! turn+ ( /ones into bread8 ,surely = ,himself x is ! temptation to use ! p[]1 ) :i* u ! ,*ri/ ( ,cod ,he is end[$1 = ! satisfaction ( ,8 own ne$s1 & t 9 su* a way z w d no k9d ( h>m to anybody else4 ,no "o w be ! worse = 8 satisfy+ ,8 hung] 9 t way4 ,x is a self-conc]n f :i* nobody c suff]2 x is p]fectly innoc5t & p]fectly rational4 ,b no6 ,x is n = any selfi% purpose1 h[ev] h>mless1 t ! p[] ( ,god is giv52 selfi%ness 9 its mo/ innoc5t =m is set aside4 ,h[ %all ,he set ab\t ,8 "w8 ,%all ,he fulfil t expectation :i* ,isaiah's vision _h fo/]$8 ,he looks out on ! k+doms ( ! e>? & ! glory ( !m1 & ,he kn[s t !y c be ,81 if ,he w fall d[n & wor%ip ! ,pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ?is _w4 ,%all ,he use worldly me?ods to conv]t ! _w to ,god8 ,no2 worldl9ess 9 its mo/ attractive =m is set aside4 ,or %all ,he fulfil ! expectation enc\rag$ by ! vision ( ! ,son ( ,man 9 ,daniel1 appe>+ ) ! cl\ds ( ,heav51 desc5d+ ^u ,j]usalem up-borne by angels1 giv+ t sign f ,heav5 :i* ! ,ph>isees1 :o p>ticul>ly adopt$ ?is view ( ! ,messiah1 7 aft]w>ds go+ to dem& s frequ5tly8 ,f ,8 answ] we "k t ?is is a temptation n only to give !m a sign1 b to secure x = ,himself1 = ! answ] is ,?\ %alt n tempt1--t is1 ,?\ %alt n put to ! pro(--! ,"l ?y ,god4 ,! promise ( ,god is to be tru/$1 n te/$4 ,! te/ comes z we obey ! comm& & 9 t s5se e act ( fai? is an exp]im5t1 b !re mu/ be no te/ cases to see :e!r ,god fulfils ,8 promise4 ,infidelity 9 its mo/ insidi\s =m is set aside4 ,b !re is an outw>d aspect also to ! temptations4 ,%all ,he use ,8 p[] to satisfy ! bodily ne$s ( m58 ,%all ,he ex]t a p[] p>allel ) t ( political rul]s1 :i* w co]ce _! conduct )\t fir/ w9n+ _! free allegiance8 ,%all ,he give su* pro( ( div9e au?ority t any d\bt1 intellectual or o!rwise1 becomes impossible8 ,no2 n any ( ^!4 ,& z ,he leaves ! temptation vanqui%$1 :at ,he has set aside is precisely e me?od ( controll+ m5's action )\t w9n+ _! he>ts & wills4 ,he has reject$ co]cion2 ,he has decid$ to appeal to ,fre$om4 ,:at is left8 ,at fir/1 only ! commission to proclaim ! ,k+dom2 & ,he comes proclaim+ x4 ,all ?r\gh ! e>ly "p ( ! m9i/ry ,he moves f place to place prea*+ or proclaim+ ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,he does n at pres5t ann\nce t ,he is ,k+ ( t ,k+dom2 x is ! ,k+dom itself on :i* all att5tion is conc5trat$4 ,he has inde$ ! p[] to d works ( m]cy1 & :5 ) t p[] ,he /&s 9 ! face ( human ne$1 ,he mu/ = v love ex]t ! p[] & satisfy ! ne$2 s p come cr[d+ ar\nd ,him1 attract$ by ,8 wond]-work+4 ,b t is n :at ,he desires4 ,! disciples are excit$ ab\t x2 b ,he has gone out a long :ile be=e dawn1 & is alone 9 pray]2 & :5 ,/4 ,pet] f9ds ,him1 & says ,all m5 are seek+ ,!e1 ,he does n say1 ,!n let u g to !m1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ,let u g into ! villages t ,i may prea*--t ,i may make my proclamation--!re also4 ,z ! deadness1 ! indiff]5ce1 & ho/ility ( ! p gradually %[s itself to be inv9cible1 ,he ga!rs ab\t ,him ^? ^: he>ts h be5 t\*$1 & f among !m *ooses twelve1 t !y may be ) ,him4 ,!y are to live 9 ,8 company1 cat*+ ,8 ,_s1 le>n+ to und]/& ,him4 ,) !m ,he goes on two long j\rneys--nor?-we/ to ,tyre & ,sidon1 & !n nor?-ea/1 to ,caes>ea ,philippi2 ?r\gh all ^? j\rneys !y are alone ) _! ,ma/]1 mov+ ?r\gh c\ntry outside ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,jewi% religion1 & !re=e free f controv]sy4 ,s4 ,m>k i1 #ce-ch4 ,s4 ,m,ark iii1 #ad4 ,at ,caes>ea ,philippi ,he feels t ! "t is ripe1 & asks !m1 ,:o d m5 say t ,i am8 ,!y m5tion ! v>i\s conjectures 444 ,elijah2 ,john ! ,bapti/2 "o ( ! ,prophets4 ,:o say ye t ,i am8 ,& ,/4 ,pet] ) a leap ( inspir$ insight answ]s3 ,?\ art ! ,messiah4 ,s4 ,m>k viii1 #bg-cj4 ,! ,"l recognises t ?is is ! revelation ( ,god to fai?3 ,bless$ art ?\1 ,simon1 ,son ( ,jonah2 fle% & blood ha? n reveal$ x unto !e1 b my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav54 ,imm$iately t ,he has be5 ?us spontane\sly recognis$1 ,he beg9s to say :at ,he _h nev] said be=e3 ,! ,son ( ,man mu/ suff]4 ,! ,son ( ,man is ! title ( ! ,messiah 9 glory1 z ,he 0 conceiv$ 9 ,daniel's vision & ! ,apocalyptic writ+s :i* drew _! inspiration f x4 ,! ,son ( ,man mu/ suff]2 t is ! great ,messianic act2 t is ! way 9 :i* ! ,k+dom ( ,god %all be f\nd$4 ,b x 0 n :at ,/4 ,pet] meant4 ,pet] took ,him1 & began to rebuke ,him 444 ,be x f> f ,!e1 ,"l2 ?is %all n be unto ,!e4 ,& our ,"l recognises ! voice ( ! tempt] 9 ! wild]ness1 :o bade ,him take ?\ght = self4444 ,get !e beh9d me1 ,satan1 = ?\ ?9ke/ n ,god's ?\ghts1 b m5's ?\ghts4 ,s4 ,mat!w xvi1 #ag4 ,s4 ,mat!w xvi1 #bb1 #bc4 ,j z1 :5 once ,he 0 spontane\sly recognis$1 ,he began to set =? ! new conception ( ! ,messiah%ip1 ,! ,son ( ,man mu/ suff]2 s too ,he imm$iately />ts on t la/ j\rney to ,j]usalem :i* culm9ates ) ! ,cross4 ,arriv$ at ,j]usalem1 ,he arranges ! triumphal entry4 ,he c>efully fulfils ,ze*>iah's prophecy--?us claim+ ! ,messiah%ip1 & *all5g+ ! religi\s rul]s4 ,b ! prophecy :i* ,he ?us selects = delib]ate fulfilm5t is "o :i* repres5ts ! ,messiah z a civil1 n a milit>y au?ority 7= ?is is ! mean+ ( ! ass z di/+ui%$ f ! horse71 & z "o :o %all speak ,peace to ! nations4 ,x is ! conception ( ! ,messiah :i* 9 all ! ,old ,te/am5t has lea/ sugge/ion ( co]cion & is !re=e ! ne>e/ to ,8 own4 ,ze*>iah ix1 #i1 #aj4 ,b ! prim>y purpose ( ! triumphal entry is no d\bt to make ,8 claim & issue ,8 *all5ge4 ,on ! j\rney & aft] ! entry itself ,he decl>es ) increas+ emphasis t ! ,k+dom ( ,god is at h&2 ^? :o /ood !re %\ld see x come ) p[]2 & z ,he /&s be=e ,caiaphas1 ,he answ]s ! "q ,art ,?\ ! ,*ri/8 ) ! words1 ,i am1 & f ?is "t !re %all be ! ,son ( ,man seat$ on ! "r h& ( p[]4 ,daniel's prophecy is "h & n[ fulfill$4 ,9 ! mom5t t love completes its sacrifice 9 dea?1 ! glory ( ,god is fully made kn[n & ! p[] ( ,8 ,k+dom is come2 ?is is ! ,"l's own ,apocalypse4 ,diff]5t words 9 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,luke1 b agree+ 9 s5se1 :i* s5se ! au?oris$ v]sion spoils4 ,see ,app5dix ,i43 ,! ,apocalyptic ,consci\sness4 ,s ,he _h spok5 on t la/ j\rney4 ,ye "k t !y :i* are acc\nt$ to rule ov] ! ,g5tiles "l x ov] !m1 & _! great ones ex]cise au?ority ov] !m4 ,b x is n s among y2 b :osoev] w\ld become great among y %all be y\r m9i/]1 & :osoev] %all be fir/ among y %all be s]vant ( all1 = v]ily ! ,son ( ,man came--7aga9 ! title ( ! ,messiah 9 ,glory7--n to be m9i/]$ unto1 b to m9i/]2 & to give ,8 life a ransom = _m4 ,s4 ,m>k x1 #db-de4 ,s1 too1 ,/4 ,john records ,8 say+ t 9 precisely ?is way he w\ld w9 ,8 royalty--,i1 if ,i be lift$ up f ! e>?1 w draw all m5 unto me4 ,! ,cross 0 =ese5 by ! ,"l to be :at1 z we look back1 we "k t x has be5--! ?rone ( ,8 glory & ,8 p[]2 & ! capacity to realise x z su* is = ,/4 ,paul ! t\*/one ( "*1 ! te/ ( election--,we prea* a ,messiah on a ,cross--to ,jews a sc&al & to ,g5tiles an absurdity1 b to ! v p :o are call$1 :e!r ,jews or ,greeks1 a ,messiah :o is ,god's p[] & ,god's wisdom4 ,s4 ,john xii1 #cb4 #a ,cor4 i1 #bc1 #bd4 ,"h !n is ! mode ( ,god's p[]1 & we "k t x c be no o!r2 = if ,god is truly ,k+1 ,he mu/ be ,k+ ( our he>ts & wills1 & n only ( our conduct4 ,!re is only "o way to w9 m5's he>ts & wills1 t is by %[+ love2 & !re is only "o way to %[ love1 & t is by sacrifice1 by do+ or suff]+ :at1 ap>t f our love1 we %\ld n *oose to d or suff]4 ,sacrifice is ! ,div9e activity2 ,calv>y is ! mode ( ! ,div9e omnipot5ce4 ,x is ! actual ,div9e me?od & ! ideal human me?od4 ,z we come to consid] h[ f> x has become also ! actual human me?od1 we are confront$ at ! outset by ! %e] impossibility ( our apply+ ?is me?od1 j because we h n 9 ourselves ! necess>y love4 ,our p]fection1 we are told1 is to consi/ 9 j t quality :i* %[s ! ,fa!r's p]fection1 namely1 t ,he is k9d to ! un?ankful & evil1 & makes ,8 sun to rise on ! evil & good & s5ds ,8 ra9 on ! j & on ! unju/2 & we are to be p]fect 9 ! way t ,he is p]fect4 ,s4 ,mat!w v1 #dc-dh4 ,b until we rea* t p]fection we _c imitate ,8 action2 = a man's act is n :at ,he int5ds2 nor is x ! m]e motion ( 8 body2 b x is ! :ole tra9 ( circum/ances t he initiates4 ,*ri/ 9 ,8 p]fect purity may /& be=e ! woman tak5 9 h] s9 & say1 ,nei!r d ,i condemn !e1 because !re is no possibility t %e w int]pret ,8 m]cy z condonation ( ! s92 b if we said x1 p w\ld s int]pret x1 & usually q rightly s4 ,our problem !n is s to guide our conduct t we come z ne> z we are capable ( com+ to ! div9e ideal t is set =? 9 ,*ri/1 & t we come p]petually clos] & clos] to x4 ,! ,"l 9 ,8 temptation reject$ all use ( =ce & sub/itut$ = x ! appeal ( love express$ 9 sacrifice1 s f> z ! actual & positive build+ ( ,8 ,k+dom is conc]n$4 ,= u !re mu/ always be "s use ( ! l[] me?od1 because we are incapable ( apply+ ! highe/4 ,if any man1 :5 he is confront$ ) evil :i* he c prev5t by ! ex]cise ( =ce1 refra9s f do+ x1 we mu/ imm$iately put to him ! "q1 ,b did y s suff] "u t act ( evil t !re is any hope ( y\r suff]+ prov+ to be ! r$emption ( ! evil-do]8 ,if s1 well & good2 b1 if n1 !n y are idle & c[>dly1 n ,*ri/ian4 ,no "o :o is n a ,*ri/ian 9 _s c p]=m ! ,*ri/ian act2 & ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is n a code ( rules to be me*anically foll[$2 x is ! description ( ! life :i* any man w spontane\sly lead :5 once ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ has tak5 complete possession ( 8 he>t4 ,& yet !re is a p]fectly legitimate use ( =ce also1 & a use :i* our ,"l ,himself makes ( x4 ,we may use =ce 9 v>i\s circum/ances 9 spite ( ! fact t = ! positive "w ( ! build+ ,8 ,k+dom ! ,"l reject$ x4 ,x is legitimate1 9 ! fir/ place1 :5 x is appli$ to immature *>act]s--*>act]s :i* are1 z all our *>act]s are 9 e>ly *ildhood1 a *aos ( impulses & in/9cts1 z yet unregulat$ by any gov]n+ pr9ciple4 ,"h x may be necess>y simply to re/ra9 ! activity ( "o set ( impulses )\t conv]t+ ! he>t or w ( ! p]son to :om t re/ra9t is appli$1 m]ely 9 ord] to give ! o!r side ( nature its *ance ( developm5t4 ,s 9 education x is legitimate to employ =ce 9 ?is re/ra9+ way = ! sake ( ! developm5t :i* is made possible !reby 9 ! o!r p>ts ( nature4 ,b our ,"l's example also %[s u t ! use ( =ce is p]missible 9 deal+ ) ^? :o are s case-h>d5$ t ! appeal ( love c nev] rea* !m until _! pres5t /ate ( m9d is brok5 up4 ,x is sometimes said t ! ,"l nev] made use ( physical =ce2 b :e!r or n t is true--! "q is unimportant1 because = all moral purposes !re is no diff]5ce :atev] betwe5 physical & non-physical =ce4 ,! appeal to =ce always means ! appeal to pa9 or inconv5i5ce1 = ^! are ! only ?+s t =ce c inflict ^u "o4 ,physical =ce may break a man's bones2 b "o may en=ce a c]ta9 k9d ( conduct by ! ?reat1 = example1 ( social o/racism1 :i* might break 8 he>t2 & !re is no diff]5ce :atev] betwe5 ! two1 except t ! second is a m ref9$ =m ( cruelty4 ,n[ 9 our ,"l's d5unciation ( ! ,ph>isees1 9 ^? words :i* are ?r[n1 burn+ & sma%+1 into ! self-complac5t cont5tm5t ( ^? uphold]s ( tradition1 !re is e moral quality ( =ce & viol5ce4 ,_! aim is to batt] d[n a /ate ( m9d1 ! /ate ( m9d :i* _c receive ! appeal ( love1 z x %[s :5 x /&s b5ea? ! v ,cross & only je]s4 ,b ?is use ( =ce is only negative & prep>atory2 x is ! ef=t ( love to make ready = ! rebuild+ :i* only love's own me?od c really accompli%4 ,only ) *>act]s q immature & liable to develop 9 _m diff]5t directions1 c =ce be us$1 except 9 ?is :olly prep>atory way2 & ev5 !re its "w is prep>atory1 = at t /age ev]y?+ t is done is /ill prep>atory4 e4g41 :e!r or n ,he employ$ ! sc\rge ( small cords to drive m5 f ! ,temple ,c\rts z ,he c]ta9ly did ! animals2 ! ,greek words sugge/ t ,he did n4 ,x is sometimes said t society re/s ^u =ce4 ,( c\rse x does n1 & x c\ld n1 because =ce is a dead ?+ :i* c only op]ate z human wills direct x2 &1 h[ev] mu* =ce !re may be 9 ! ma9t5ance ( society1 t =ce itself mu/ be controll$ by ! cons5t ( human wills4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t society1 z we "k x1 re/s simultane\sly ^u two contradictory pr9ciples1 ^u ! pr9ciple ( antagonism & ! pr9ciple ( fell[%ip4 ,s f> z x is repres5t$ by ! police =ce1 x re/s ^u antagonism4 ,m5 are selfi%2 9 _! selfi%ness !y are br\ght into conflict ) "o ano!r4 ,9 ord] t anyone may be able to enjoy1 h[ev] selfi%ly1 any prop]ty or com=t 9 life1 x is necess>y to re/ra9 to "s degree ! selfi%ness ( all ! re/2 & to secure t re/ra9t plac$ ^u o!rs1 a man submits to a simil> re/ra9t ^u himself4 ,& s we arrive at t contract ( :i* ,plato speaks3 ! contract nei!r to commit nor to suff] injury4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 z ,plato imm$iately aft]w>ds po9ts out1 society w\ld arise q equally if m5 7 :olly altrui/ic1 because m5's natures are diff]5t1 & !y ne$ "o ano!r = support1 = protection1 & = ! v in/9ct ( fell[%ip4 ,n[ ^? pr9ciples are bo? pres5t 9 all actual societies2 & progress has consi/$ ( ! /eady developm5t ( ! pr9ciple ( co-op]ation & fell[%ip1 at ! exp5se ( ! pr9ciple ( competition & antagonism4 ,greek3 mete adike9 mete adiki/hai4 ,republic ii4 #cei99;a994 ,! :ole ,ideal ,/ate4 ,republic ii1 #cfi99;b99 to vii end4 ,t has be5 :at we h meant 9 ! la/ resort by political progress2 b ! conclusion inevitably foll[s t society makes progress precisely 9 t degree 9 :i* x realises m & m a relation%ip ( love betwe5 its v>i\s memb]s1 & becomes ! ,k+dom :i* ,*ri/ came on e>? to f\nd4 ,?us1 at ! v outset ( our enquiry we f9d t ! pr9ciples ( secul> progress & ( ! ,div9e revelation 9 ,*ri/ are id5tical4 ,i %all v5ture 9 a subsequ5t lecture to trace out ! way 9 :i*1 z ,i ?9k1 fur!r progress 9 accordance ) ?is pr9ciple w lead u4 ,b let me close ?is lecture by recall+ our ?\ghts to t ideal me?od = m51 :i* is ! actual me?od ( ,god1 sett+ ?is 9 ! words ( a fable :i* ,i take f ! ma/]piece ( ! mo/ ,russian ( ! ,russian noveli/s--,do/oievsky--m]ely ?r[+ x into my own language4 ,9 ! days ( ! ,inquisition1 ?is fable runs1 our ,"l return$ to e>?1 & visit$ a city :]e x 0 at "w4 ,z ,he mov$ ab\t1 m5 =got _! c>es & sorr[s4 ,he heal$ ! sick folk z ( old1 & meet+ ) a fun]al procession :]e a "m 0 m\rn+ ! loss ( h] only son1 ,he /opp$ ! procession1 & re/or$ ! dead boy to life4 ,t 0 9 ! ,ca!dral ,squ>e1 & at t mom5t !re came out f ! ,ca!dral doors ! ,gr& ,inquisitor1 an old man ov] n9ety ye>s ( age1 clad n[1 n 9 ! ,c>d9al's robe 9 :i* only ! day be=e he _h condemn$ a score ( h]etics to ! /ake1 b 9 a simple cassock1 ) only two gu>ds 9 att5dance4 ,see+ :at 0 done he turn$ to ! gu>ds & said1 ,arre/ ,him4 ,!y mov$ =w>d to obey2 & he s5t ! ,prison] to a cell 9 ! dungeon4 ,t night ! ,gr& ,inquisitor visit$ 8 ,prison]1 & to all t he said ! ,prison] made no reply4 ,i "k :y ,?\ art come1 said ! ,inquisitor2 ,?\ art come to spoil our "w1 to repeat ,?y great mi/ake 9 ! wild]ness1 & to give m5 aga9 ,?y fatal gift ( fre$om4 ,:at did ! great wise _s (f] ,!e !re8 ,j ! ?ree ?+s by :i* m5 may be controll$--bread & au?ority & my/]y4 ,he bade ,!e take bread z ! in/rum5t ( ,?y "w2 m5 w foll[ "o :o gives !m bread4 ,b ,?\ w\lde/ n2 m5 7 to foll[ ,!e out ( love & devotion or n at all4 ,we h _h to correct ,?y "w1 or !re w\ld be few to foll[ ,!e4 ,he bade ,!e assume au?ority2 m5 w obey "o :o gives comm&s1 & puni%es ! disob$i5t4 ,b ,?\ w\lde/ n2 m5 7 to obey out ( love & devotion or n at all4 ,we h _h to correct ,?y "w1 or !re w\ld be few to obey ,!e4 ,he bade ,!e %[ "s m>vel t m5 might be p]suad$ & believe4 ,b ,?\ w\lde/ n2 m5 7 to believe f p]ception ( ,?y grace & tru? or n at all4 ,we h _h to correct ,?y "w & h$ge ,!e ab\t ) my/]y1 or !re w\ld be few to believe4 ,& :i* ( u has s]v$ mank9d ! bett]8 ,?y appeal 0 to ! few /rong s\ls4 ,we h c>$ = ! weak4 ,_m :o w\ld be disord]ly & mis]able h be5 made ord]ly & happy4 ,& n[ ,?\ art come to spoil our "w & repeat ,?y great mi/ake 9 ! wild]ness by giv+ to m5 aga9 ,?y fatal gift ( fre$om1 ?r\gh tru/ 9 ! p[] ( love4 ,b x %all n be2 = to-morr[ ,i %all burn ,!e4 ,! ,gr& ,inquisitor ceas$2 & /ill ! ,prison] made no reply2 b ,he rose f :]e ,he sat1 & cross$ ! cell1 & kiss$ ! old man on 8 bloodless lips4 ,!n ! ,inquisitor too1 rose1 & op5$ ! door2 ,g1 he said4 ,! ,prison] pass$ out into ! night & 0 n se5 aga94 ,& ! old man8 ,t kiss burns 9 8 he>t4 ,b he has n alt]$ 8 op9ion or 8 practice4 99,,lecture ,,ii99 99,,*ur* ,,& ,,/ate99 ,he put all ?+s 9 subjection "u 8 feet1 & gave him to be head ov] all ?+s to ! ,*ur*1 :i* is 8 body1 ! fulness ( him t1 all 9 all1 is be+ fulfill$4--,ephesians i1 #bb1 #bc4 ,if "o ( ! great sa9ts ( ! e>ly ,*ur* _h be5 told t 9 ! ye> #aiae ! _w w\ld /ill be wait+ = ! f9al consummation1 & _h tri$ to conceive ! life ( m5 & nations z x w\ld be aft] t long p]iod ( ,*ri/ian influ5ce1 :at w\ld 8 conception h be58 ,surely he w\ld h expect$ t all nations w\ld be l9k$ toge!r 9 ! ,holy ,communion1 ! ,fell[%ip ( ,sa9ts4 ,roman1 ,spani>d1 ,african1 ,syrian1 ^? /range ,g]mans1 & ! b>b>\s ,britons :o liv$ 9 ! remote/ corn] ( ! e>?1 might h ma9ta9$ _! own v>ieties ( culture1 b ea* w\ld f9d 8 joy & pride 9 (f]+ 8 contribution to ! life ( ! :ole family ( nations4 ,root$ 9 k ( ! love ( ,god1 _! life w\ld gr[ luxuriantly & be> fruit 9 love ( "o ano!r & s]vice ( ! common cause4 ,inspir+ ea* & knitt+ all toge!r1 ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 fulfill+ itself 9 s]vice ( ! _w1 w\ld ga!r up all ?is exub]ance ( life & love into itself1 & pres5t x to ! ,god & ,fa!r ( mank9d 9 unceas+ adoration4 ,b ! _w 9 #aiae is n 9 ! lea/ l t4 ,! old man ( our selfi% nature1 selfi% himself & !re=e suppos+ t o!rs mu/ be selfi% too1 s t he relies ^u ! me?ods ( cajol]y & co]cion1 has inde$ receiv$ ! kiss ( ,*ri/2 & :ile t kiss burns 9 8 he>t1 s t sometimes he is r\s$ to an aspiration aft] an ord] ( ?+s altoge!r diff]5t1 8 op9ions & 8 conduct rema9 fundam5tally un*ang$4 ,& ! contra/ betwe5 :at is & :at might h be5 is due 9 "p1 at lea/1 to ! failure ( ! ,*ur* to be true to its own commission4 ,x is also because ( ?is t no practical man dreams ( turn+ to ! ,*ur* to f9d ! way out f ! intol]able situation into :i* ! nations h drift$4 ,an em95t politician is report$ to h def9$ ! ,*ur* on a rec5t occasion 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,! ,*ur* is1 ,i suppose1 a volunt>y organisation = ! ma9t5ance ( public wor%ip 9 ! int]e/ ( ^? :o desire to jo9 9 x4 ,& x is to be fe>$ t _m p reg>d x 9 "s su* way z t4 ,b ( c\rse ! ,*ur* is no?+ ( ! k9d2 ! ,*ur* is ! ,body ( ,*ri/4 ,x is n a volunt>y organisation any m ?an my body is a volunt>y organisation ei!r ( limbs or ( cells4 ,no "o c\ld volunt>ily jo9 ! ,*ur*1 if by t 7 meant t ! act orig9at$ 9 8 own w4 ,no man c say ,jesus is ,"l1 b 9 ! ,holy ,_s4 ,a man _c make himself a ,*ri/ian4 ,! ,apo/les 7 made ,*ri/ian by ,*ri/ ,himself--,ye did n *oose ,me1 b ,i *ose y2 o!rs 7 made ,*ri/ian by ! ,apo/les1 or 7z !y always said7 by ,*ri/ work+ 9 & ?r\gh !m2 & s successive g5]ations h be5 made ,*ri/ian by ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ op]ative 9 ! fell[%ip ( ,8 disciples--t is to say1 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,?is is ! aspect ( tru? express$ & pres]v$ 9 ! practice ( infant baptism4 ,we are ,*ri/ians1 if at all1 n ?r\gh any act initiat$ by our own w1 b ?r\gh our be+ receiv$ into ! ,*ri/ian fell[%ip & subject$ to its influ5ce4 ,j z we are born memb]s ( our family1 s by our reception into ! fell[%ip ( ! disciples we are made memb]s ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r1 we may repudiate our memb]%ip or we may disgrace x2 we c nev] aboli% x4 ,let me ha/5 9 p>5!sis to add1 t ?is is only "o aspect ( ! tru?1 & ! prote/ ( ^? :o object to infant baptism w be a valuable =ce 9 ! ,*ur*1 until we are f9ally secure aga9/ ! temptation to reg>d a sacram5t z a piece ( magic4 ,= ( c\rse x is true t1 :ile no man c make himself a ,*ri/ian by 8 own w1 no man c be made a ,*ri/ian aga9/ or )\t 8 w4 ,x is precisely 8 w t ! ,_s mu/ lay hold ( & conv]t1 & ! w c refuse conv]sion4 #a ,cor4 xii1 #c ,s4 ,john xv1 #af4 ,! ,*ur*1 !n1 is n a volunt>y organisation1 b ! creation ( ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ,9 fact x is ! "o imm$iate result ( our ,"l's e>?ly m9i/ry4 ,:5 ,8 physical pres5ce 0 )drawn1 !re rema9$ 9 ! _w1 z fruit ( ,8 soj\rn "h1 no volume ( writ+s1 no elaborat$ organisation ) codifi$ aims & me?ods1 b a gr\p ( p :o 7 unit$ to "o ano!r because ,8 ,_s liv$ & work$ 9 ea*4 ,& ! great m>vel lay 9 ?is3 :]eas all m5 realise t fell[%ip is bett] ?an rivalry1 & yet fail to pass f "o to ! o!r because !y are radically selfi% bo? individually & corporately1 9 ,*ri/ m5 f\nd !mselves to be a real community 9 spite ( _! z yet unpurg$ selfi%ness4 ,by ! invasion ( ! ,div9e ,life 9 ,*ri/1 ! ideal itself1 ! life ( fell[%ip1 is giv51 & is made into ! means ( de/roy+ j ^? qualities :i* _h hi!rto prev5t$ its own realisation4 ,! ecclesia/ical organisations ( to-day are n fell[%ips ( ?is sort1 b if ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* lose _! hold on ?is c5tral pr9ciple ( fell[%ip1 z !y h l>gely done1 we are ?r[n back ^u ! futile ef=t to build up fell[%ip on ! f\ndation ( unr$eem$ selfi%ness4 ,z x is n true to say t ! ,*ur* is a volunt>y organisation1 s also x is n true to say t x exi/s = ! ma9t5ance ( public wor%ip1 at lea/ 9 ! s5se t mo/ ,engli%m5 w\ld give to ! words4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,*ur*1 consi/+ ( m5 & wom5 :om ,god ( ,8 %e] goodness has deliv]$ f ! p[] ( d>kness & translat$ into ! k+dom ( ,8 de> ,son1 w f9d its fir/ duty1 z also its fir/ impulse1 9 an ab&onm5t ( adoration4 ,b if ! ,god :o is wor%ipp$ is n only "s ,jewi% ,jehovah or ,mohamm$an ,allah1 b ! ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?is love & adoration ( ,god w imm$iately express itself 9 ! love & s]vice ( m51 & especially 9 ! passionate desire to %>e ) o!rs ! supreme treasure ( ! k ( ,god4 ,! ,*ur*1 l its ,ma/]1 w be *iefly conc]n$ to seek & to save t :i* is lo/1 call+ m5 ev]y:]e to rep5t because ! ,k+dom ( ,god is at h&4 ,wor%ip is inde$ ! v brea? ( its life1 b s]vice ( ! _w is ! bus9ess ( its life4 ,x is ! ,body ( ,*ri/1 t is to say1 ! in/rum5t ( ,8 w1 & ,8 w is to save ! _w4 ,! spiritual life ( m5 is n limit$ to ?is planet1 & ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,*ur*'s task c nev] be "h alone4 ,! ,*ur* mu/ call m5 f temporal to et]nal hopes4 ,b 9 ?is way x w d m ?an is possible 9 any o!r way to purify ! temporal life itself4 ,= mo/ temporal goods are su* t ! m "o p]son has ! less !re is = o!rs1 s t absorption 9 !m leads inevitably to /rife & w>4 ,b ! et]nal goods--love1 joy1 peace1 loyalty1 beauty1 k--are su* t ! full] fruition ( !m by "o leads ( itself to full] fruition by o!rs also1 & absorption 9 !m leads )\t fail to bro!rhood & fell[%ip4 ,x is n ( wor%ip1 ! brea? ( ! *ur*'s life1 b ( s]vice1 ! bus9ess ( its life1 t ,i wi% to speak4 ,b ?is c only be mislead+ if ! o!r has n fir/ be5 giv5 prom95ce4 ,! ,*ur* s]ves because x fir/ wor%ips4 ,only because x has 9 itself a =eta/e ( et]nal life1 ! realis$ ,k+dom ( ,god1 c x prep>e ! way ( ! ,"l1 s t ,8 ,k+dom may come on e>? z x is 9 heav54 ,"o "q :i* dem&s att5tion conc]ns ! nature ( ! ,*ur* :i* is to p]=m ?is function4 ,is x en\gh t !re %\ld be va/ numb]s ( ,*ri/ian individuals ga!r+ toge!r 9 :atev] way is prov$ by exp]i5ce to be ! mo/ effective = edification1 pursu+ _! pr(ession z ,*ri/ians1 & s gradually leav5+ life8 ,or is !re ne$ = a q def9ite society1 ) a coh]5t con/itution & a kn[n basis ( memb]%ip8 ,! =m] has mu* to recomm5d x2 x avoids ! dead5+ influ5ce ( a rigid ma*9]y2 x ensures fre$om ( spiritual & intellectual developm5t2 x may seem to correspond ) t loosely con/itut$ gr\p ( disciples1 :i* 01 z we h se51 ! actual fruit ( ! e>?ly m9i/ry ( ,*ri/4 ,yet x is condemn$ by all analogies1 & is inadequate to ! ess5tial nature ( religion4 ,all relevant analogy sugge/s t a _s mu/ take def9ite & concrete =m be=e x c be effective 9 ! _w1 ev5 z ,god ,himself mu/ become inc>nate 9 ord] to e/abli% ,8 ,k+dom ^u e>?4 ,no d\bt ! =m has (t5 fett]$ ! _s & sometimes ev5 p]v]t$ x2 ! hi/ory ( ! ,franciscan movem5t is an in/ance ( ?is2 b ! influ5ce ( ,/4 ,francis w\ld nev] h done = ,europe :at x actually accompli%$ if ! ,ord] _h n be5 f\nd$4 ,"o ( ! cle>e/ illu/rations ( ! pr9ciple is be=e our eyes 9 our exp]i5ce to-day4 ,:5 ! _s ( national patriotism makes its appeal1 no "o has to make any ef=t to und]/& its claim2 our nation is a def9ite & concrete society 9 :i* we easily realise our memb]%ip to ! full4 ,we "k t !re is no escap+ f x1 & t1 :5 x appeals = our s]vice or our lives1 we mu/ ei!r respond or refuse4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 z we "k x1 is p[]less to br+ home its appeal 9 ! same way4 ,l>gely because ( its divisions & endless controv]sy ab\t ! po9ts1 second>y ?\gh important1 :i* sep>ate ! v>i\s sections1 x has become curi\sly impot5t 9 ! face ( any great occasion su* z ! pres5t1 & curi\sly unsuccessful 9 p]suad+ ei!r its own memb]s or ! _w outside ( ! nature ( its mission4 ,we are n consci\s1 = example1 t we are p]man5tly ei!r respond+ to1 or else refus+1 ! appeal to prea* ! ,gospel to e creature4 ,t appeal does n hit u p]sonally z does ! appeal1 e fit man want$4 ,our memb]%ip 9 ! ,*ur* does n 9 fact make u feel a p]sonal obligation to assi/ ! cause ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we are cont5t to belong to x )\t admitt+ t x has any p[] to dispose ( its belong+s2 we ?9k t we support x by go+ to *ur* & contribut+ to *ur* exp5ses4 ,b we feel no l9k ) our fell[-,*ri/ians 9 ,g]many at all comp>able to t :i* b9ds u to an agno/ic b patriotic ,engli%man1 or at all capable ( bridg+ spontane\sly ! gulf fix$ by national antagonism4 ,by a delib]ate ef=t we c realise t we & !y are equally preci\s 9 ! sight ( ,god1 & t !y are our fell[-memb]s 9 ,*ri/4 ,b !re is no realis$ bond ( corporate unity t b9ds u to ea* o!r1 & we rely ^u ! v feeble res\rces ( our p]sonal good-w & p]sonal fai? = any s5se ( unity ) !m t we may atta94 ,! ,*ur* is less p[]ful ?an ! nation z an influ5ce 9 our lives1 p>tly at lea/ because x is 9 fact less actual4 ,! ,*ur* univ]sal1 :e!r z an organisation or z _s ( life1 is an ideal1 n a reality4 ,su* an argum5t1 h[ev]1 simply invites refutation4 ,x is po9t$ out t :5 ! :ole ( "o section ( ,*ri/5dom 0 organis$ z a s+le religi\s community "u ! ,pope1 m5 did1 z a m]e matt] ( hi/orical fact1 fight & hate ev5 m bitt]ly ?an n[4 ,a common memb]%ip 9 "o ,ca?olic ,*ur* did n prev5t ,edw>d ,,iii4 & ,h5ry ,v4 f mak+ w> ^u _! neighb\rs across ! ,engli% ,*annel4 ,& at ?is mom5t ,roman ,ca?olic ,fr5*m5 appe> to be fight+ aga9/ ,roman ,ca?olic ,bav>ians ) no m signs ( fell[%ip betwe5 ! oppon5ts ?an appe> 9 o!r p>ts ( ! field ( w>4 ,s f> z ! ,*ur* is organis$ z a unity1 ?is does n1 9 fact1 create unity ( _s 9 its memb]s suffici5t to mitigate national antagonisms4 ,& ?is1 x w be urg$1 is only to be expect$4 ,! w9d bl[e? :]e x li/e?1 & ma*9]y _c control ! _s4 ,x is only a p]sonal fai? 9 ,*ri/ t w lift m5 above natural divisions s t !y spontane\sly recognise z bro!rs ^? :o h simil> fai?4 ,to build up aga9 a great ecclesia/ical organisation :i* %all include all ,europe1 or ev5 all ! _w1 w n ( itself create fri5d%ip betwe5 ! memb]s :o compose x if o!rwise !y are antagoni/ic4 ,individual conv]sion1 n ecclesia/ical /atesman%ip1 is ! "o ?+ ne$ful2 no?+ c take its place4 ,no2 ( c\rse no?+ c take its place4 ,& ( c\rse an all-compreh5sive lukew>m ,*ur* w %>e ! fate ( its small] c\nt]p>t at ,laodicea4 ,:5 x is said t ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* is n a reality1 x is n only ! abs5ce ( a _w-wide organisation t is deplor$2 /ill worse is ! total abs5ce ( any typical mann] ( life by :i* memb]s ( ! ,*ur* may be kn[n f o!rs4 ,m5 die = ,great ,brita91 n because ,brita9 is a unit$ k+dom1 b because !re is a def9ite ,briti% "* :i* is ours & :i* we love4 ,b !re is no specifically ,*ri/ian type ( "* actually di/+ui%+ memb]s ( ! ,*ur* f o!rs :i* may make m5 ready to die = ,*ri/5dom4 ,*ri/ians diff] f o!rs1 z ,sp9oza bitt]ly rem>k$1 n 9 fai? or *>ity or any ( ! fruits ( ! ,_s1 b only 9 op9ion4 ,assur$ly individual conv]sion is ! prim>y requisite4 ,b half our tr\bles come f ^! absurd dilemmas4 ,d y believe 9 fai? or 9 organisation8 ,well2 d ,i believe 9 my eyes or my e>s8 ,:y n 9 bo?8 ,( c\rse organisation _c take ! place ( fai?2 ( c\rse fai? )\t ord] is bett] ?an ord] )\t fai?4 ,b :y _c we h 9 ! ,*ur* :at we h got 9 ! nation fai? op]ative ?r\gh ord] z loyalty is op]ative ?r\gh ! ,/ate & 9 s]vice to x8 ,! e>li] objection1 h[ev]1 is equally s]i\s4 ,ca?olicism has fail$ 9 ! pa/ & is fail+ n[4 ,"o ma9 gr\nd ( its failure is to be f\nd1 ,i believe1 9 its inadequate recognition ( nationality1 :i* has av5g$ itself by almo/ ou/+ ,ca?olicism1 & ) x ,*ri/ianity itself1 :]e national int]e/s are conc]n$4 ,i am speak+ ?r\gh\t ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*3 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* has p]haps be51 if any?+1 too national4 ,?is failure to give adequate recognition to nationality arises f too exclusive emphasis on ! pr9ciple :i* is1 q rightly1 ! root idea ( ,ca?olicism--! idea ( transc5d5ce4 ,"h 9 ! la/ resort is ! fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 naturalism & religion2 naturalism may take a =m :i* /imulates ! religi\s emotions & supports a high e?ical ideal2 b x conf9es itself to ! limits ( secul> exp]i5ce4 ,= naturalism ! hi/ory ( man & ( ! univ]se is ! />t+-po9t & ! goal2 ?is z fact is ! datum1 ?is z und]/ood is ! solution4 ,! ,w ( ,god1 on ?is view1 is to be discov]$ f ! empirical c\rse & t5d5cy ( hi/ory4 ,b religion beg9s ) ,god2 x breaks 9 ^u :at we ord9>ily call exp]i5ce f outside2 9 its mono!i/ic =m x reg>ds ! _w z creat$ by ,god = ,8 own pleasure1 & la/+ only dur+ t pleasure2 9 its pan!i/ic =m x reg>ds ! _w z a phase or a mom5t ( ,8 ,be+ :i* is by no means limit$ to t phase or mom5t4 ,its philosophy does n elaborately conceive :at ,god mu/ be l 9 ord] to be ! solution ( our p]plexities1 b1 />t+ ) ! assurance ( ,8 ,be+ & ,nature1 %[s h[ ?is is 9 fact ! answ] to all our ne$s4 ,x is "o peculi>ity & glory ( ,*ri/ianity t x unites bo? ( ^?4 ,its fai? is fix$ ^u ,"o :o = u m5 & = our salvation came d[n f heav51 & :o is yet ! et]nal ,^w ?r\gh :i* all ?+s 7 made1 ! indwell+ pr9ciple ( all exi/5ce4 ,transc5d5ce & imman5ce are "h p]fectly comb9$4 ,b because ! =m] is ! di/9ctively religi\s elem5t1 )\t :i* ! latt] w\ld h be5 9 dang] ( relaps+ into naturalism1 ! delib]ate emphasis 0 all laid on transc5d5ce4 ,we c see1 z we look back1 t :5 once ! ,inc>nation has actually tak5 place ^u ! plane ( hi/ory1 x makes no jot ( diff]5ce 9 logic1 provid$ only t ! ,life ( ! ,inc>nate is tak5 z ! />t+-po9t & c5tre ( ?\ght1 :e!r t]ms ( transc5d5ce or ( imman5ce are us$4 ,! life ( ,*ri/ is at once ! irruption ( ! ,div9e into ! _w--7= ! previ\s hi/ory ( ! _w c]ta9ly does n expla9 x7--& is also ! manife/ation ( ! indwell+ p[] :i* _h all along su/a9$ ! _w4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,god :o r$eems is ! same ,god :o creates & su/a9s4 ,b x is /ill true t ! note ( transc5d5ce1 ( some?+ giv5 to man by ,god z di/9ct f some?+ em]g+ out ( man 9 8 se>* ( ,god1 is ! specifically religi\s note4 ,& ! ,*ur*1 z ! div9e creation & in/rum5t1 %>es & mu/ express ?is "*4 ,x mu/ be s con/itut$ z to keep alive ?is fai?4 ,t is ! mean+ ( hi]>*ies & sacram5ts4 ,:e!r any giv5 ord] is ! mo/ adequate t c be design$1 is ( c\rse a p]fectly legitimate "q4 ,b e ord] t aspires to be ca?olic aims1 at lea/1 at express+ ! tru? t religion is a gift ( ,god1 & n a discov]y ( man4 ,& c]ta9ly x is only ! gift ( ,god t c be truly ca?olic or univ]sal4 ,man's discov]ies are indef9itely v>i\s2 ! ,european f9ds "o ?+1 ! ,arab ano!r1 ! ,h9du yet ano!r1 & none f9ds satisfaction 9 ! o!r's discov]y1 ?\gh 9 all ( !m ,god is op]ative4 ,only 9 ,8 own gift ( ,himself is x reasonable to expect t all m5 w f9d :at !y ne$2 only 9 a ,*ur* :i* is ! vehicle ( ?is gift1 & is kn[n to be ?is1 & n a mutual b5efit society organis$ by its own memb]s = _! sev]al & collective advantage--only 9 a ,*ur* expressive ( ,div9e transc5d5ce c all nations f9d a home4 ,yet j because ( a too "o-sid$ emphasis on ?is tru?1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! ,we/ has1 z a rule1 n tri$ to be a home = nations at all4 ,*ri/ianity sep>at$ religion f patriotism = e nation :i* became1 & :i* rema9$1 ,*ri/ian4 ,patriotism is p>ticul>2 religion ought to be univ]sal4 ,! nation is a natural gr[?2 ! ,*ur* is a div9e creation4 ,& s ! primitive ,*ur* 0 organis$ 9 complete indep5d5ce ( national life1 except 9 s f> z its diocesan divisions foll[$ national or prov9cial b\nd>ies4 ,no d\bt ! conditions ( its exi/5ce made ?is almo/ necess>y1 = ! organis$ secul> life ( ! ,roman ,empire refus$ to tol]ate x4 ,b x 0 its own pr9ciple1 true inde$ b n ! :ole tru?1 :i* l$ to ?is l9e ( developm5t4 ,! same pr9ciple is app>5t 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 :5 !re 0 no ext]nal pressure4 ,! ,*ur*1 z x 0 conceiv$ 9 ! sublime ideal ( ,hildebr&1 0 to belong to no nation1 because supreme ov] !m all1 b9d+ !m toge!r 9 ! ob$i5ce & love ( ,*ri/1 & impos+ ^u !m ,8 holy w4 ,w> & ,religion 9 ,! ,times ,lit]>y ,supplem5t1 ,dec4 #ca1 #aiad4 ,! inevitable result ( ?is 0 t ! in/9ct ( nationality 0 nev] *ri/5$ at all4 ,x rema9$ a brute in/9ct1 )\t ei!r ! sanction or ! re/ra9t ( religion4 ,b x c\ld n be cru%$1 & s ! ,*ur* let x alone2 ) ! result t1 ?\gh murd] 0 reg>d$ z a s91 a w> ( dyna/ic or national ambition 0 n by p g5]ally consid]$ s9ful4 ,no d\bt !ologians condemn$ su* w> 9 g5]al t]ms2 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 = in/ance1 seems to reg>d z fully ju/ifi$ only su* w>s z are und]tak5 to protect o!rs f oppression1 & "s ( ! greate/ ,popes made h]oic ef=ts to gov]n national policy accord+ to righte\sness4 ,b 9 ! g5]al judgm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 int]national action 0 n subject$ to ,*ri/ian /&>ds ( judgm5t at all4 ,?is way ( reg>d+ ! ,*ur* sometimes leads p to speak ( alt]native loyalties s t !y ask1 ,ought ,i to be loyal to my ,*ur* or to my nation8 ,& :ile fai? & reason w comb9e to answ] ,to my ,*ur*1 an imp]i\s in/9ct w lead mo/ m5 9 actual fact to answ] ,to my nation4 ,! attempt to exalt ! ,*ur* to an unconditional supremacy has ! actual result ( mak+ m5 ignore x :5 its guidance is mo/ ne$$4 ,:atev] tru? !re may be 9 ! /atem5t t ! ,re=mation 0 9 "p due to ! gr[+ s5tim5t ( nationality1 is evid5ce ( ! failure ( ! old ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ?is matt]4 ,9 ,engl& at any rate "o ma9 s\rce ( ! popul> ,prote/antism 0 ! objection to any?+ l a =eign dom9ation4 ,no d\bt ! political ambitions ( ! ,papacy 7 l>gely responsible = ! feel+ t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* br\ght ) x a =eign yoke4 ,b ! :ole pr9ciple ( ! ,*ur* z non-national necess>ily meant t ! ,*ur* 0 reg>d$ z impos+ ,*ri/ian /&>ds r ?an p]meat+ national life ) !m4 ,! ,*ur* t5d$ to ignore ! spiritual function ( ! ,/ate altoge!r1 claim+ all spiritual activity = itself alone2 & ?us x t5d$ to make ! ,/ate 9 actual fact unspiritual1 & involv$ itself 9 ! necessity ( attempt+ :at only ! ,/ate c d4 ,x ?us n only t5d$ to weak5 ! moral p[] ( ! ,/ate1 b also =sook its own sup]natural function to ex]cise ^? ( ! magi/rate or judge1 s t fai? 9 ! p[] ( ,god 0 nev] put to a full te/4 ,! ,re=mation 0 n only a moral & spiritual re=m ( ! ,*ur*1 b ! upris+ ( ! nations1 n[ gr[+ fully consci\s ( _! national life1 aga9/ ! cosmopolitan rule ( ,rome4 ,b ! ,re=mation did n fully realise its task4 ,x express$ itself inde$ 9 national ,*ur*es1 b 9 actual doctr9e t5d$ to individualism2 :]eas ,ca?olicism laid emphasis on religion z ! gift ( ,god1 ,prote/antism1 at lea/ 9 its lat] developm5t1 laid /ress on ! individual's appreh5sion ( ! gift4 ,b n only ! individual--ev]y?+ t is human1 family1 s*ool1 guild1 trade union1 nation1 ne$s to appreh5d & appropriate ! gift ( ,god4 ,! nation1 too1 mu/ be *ri/5$ & submit to trans=m+ grace4 ,! upris+ ( ! national _s has _h ! deplorable result ( contribut+ to ! break-up ( ,*ri/5dom1 b x is n 9 itself deplorable at all4 ,all civilisation has 9 fact progress$ by ! developm5t ( diff]5t nationalities1 ea* ) its own type4 ,if we believe 9 a ,div9e ,provid5ce1 if we believe t ! life ( ,*ri/ is n only ! irruption ( ! ,div9e into human hi/ory b is also & !re9 ! manife/ation ( ! gov]n+ pr9ciple ( all hi/ory1 we %all confess t ! nation z well z ! ,*ur* is a div9e ,creation4 ,! ,*ur* is "h to witness to ! ideal & to guide ! _w t[>ds x1 b ! _w is by div9e appo9tm5t a _w ( nations1 & x is su* a _w t is to become ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,moreov]1 if x is by ,god's appo9tm5t t nations exi/1 _! exi/5ce mu/ itself be an in/rum5t ( t div9e purpose :i* ! ,*ur* also s]ves4 ,! :ole c\rse ( ,biblical revelation supports ?is view4 ,x is q true t if we 7 to read ! ,new ,te/am5t = ! fir/ "t1 kn[+ no?+ :atev] ab\t ! ,old1 we %\ld come to ! conclusion t x almo/ entirely ignor$ nationality & ev]y?+ :i* goes ) x4 ,b !n ! ,*ur* has always ma9ta9$ t ! ,new ,te/am5t gr[s by an organic life out ( ! ,old1 & presupposes x2 & :5 we g back to t1 !re c be no d\bt :atev] ab\t its view ( nationality4 ,! :ole ( ! e>ly books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are conc]n$ ) ?is1 & almo/ no?+ else4 ,! task ( ,moses 9 ! wild]ness1 ( ,jo%ua1 ( ! ,judges & ! e>ly ,k+s1 is precisely to fa%ion ,israel into a nation4 ,s mu* is all att5tion conc5trat$ ^u ?is t we f9d a cont5tm5t ) t contraction ( ! moral outlook :i* pres5ts to _m mod]n read]s ! *ief /umbl+ block ab\t ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ t 0 s]viceable to ,israel is approv$4 ,rahab is guilty ( %e] treason to h] own city ( ,j]i*o1 b x is s]viceable to ,israel1 & !re is no ^w ( condemnation4 ,jael is guilty ( a v trea*]\s murd]1 b x 0 s]viceable to ,israel1 s ,bless$ %all %e be above wom5 9 ! t5t4 ,ev]y?+ is conc5trat$ ^u ?is prim>y object ( fa%ion+ ,israel into a nation & p]suad+ individual ,israelites to put ! welf>e ( ! :ole be=e ! int]e/ & ambition ( _! own clique or faction2 & :5 ! "t came = an advance to a wid] view1 x came precisely n by way ( say+ t national divisions d n matt] & t national life itself is unimportant1 b by insi/+ t nationality is equally preci\s 9 ^! o!r nations all ar\nd ,israel z x is )9 ,israel itself4 ,! turn+ po9t "h z 9 s mu* else 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is ! ,book ( ,amos1 ! fir/ ( ! writt5 prophecies4 ,x is wor? :ile to try to imag9e ! effect ( ^? op5+ clauses4 ,! prophet beg9s by secur+ a will+ he>+ f ^? to :om he writes3 9 o!r words he beg9s by abus+ _! neighb\rs4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,= ?ree transgressions ( ,damascus1 yea = f\r1 ,i w n turn away ! puni%m5t !re(4444 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,= ?ree transgressions ( ,gaza1 yea = f\r1 ,i w n turn away ! puni%m5t !re(4444 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,= ?ree transgressions ( ,tyre1 yea = f\r1 ,i w n turn away ! puni%m5t !re(4444 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,= ?ree transgressions ( ,edom1 yea = f\r1 ,i w n turn away ! puni%m5t !re(4444 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,= ?ree transgressions ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon1 yea = f\r1 ,i w n turn away ! puni%m5t !re(4444 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,= ?ree transgressions ( ,moab1 yea = f\r1 ,i w n turn away ! puni%m5t !re(4444 ,& !n1 )\t a *ange ( phrase1 )\t ev5 ! complim5t ( a height5$ d5unciation-- ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,= ?ree transgressions ( ,judah1 yea = f\r1 ,i w n turn away ! puni%m5t !re(4444 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,= ?ree transgressions ( ,israel1 yea = f\r1 ,i w n turn away ! puni%m5t !re(4444 ,amos i1 #c-;ii1 #f4 ,x w\ld be impossible m emphatically to insi/ t all nations1 ,israel & ! re/1 /& on an equal foot+ be=e ! ,judgm5t ,seat ( ,god1 & are to be reg>d$ z real entities1 & real moral ag5ts2 b t is n en\gh = ! prophet4 ,are ye n z ,*ildr5 ( ! ,e?iopians unto me1 ,o *ildr5 ( ,israel8--sai? ! ,"l4 ,i h no m c>e = y ?an ! ,e?iopians--:o !n1 z n[1 7 black folk4 ,h n ,i br\ght up ,israel out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 & ! ,phili/9es f ,caphtor1 & ! ,syrians f ,kir8 ,amos ix1 #g4 ,x is ! ,god :o _h guid$ ! hi/ory ( ,israel :o has equally guid$ ! hi/ory ( ! despis$ ,phili/9e & ! hat$ ,syrian4 ,& ?is l9e ( ?\ght rea*es its culm9ation :]e we %\ld expect to f9d x1 9 ! works ( ! /atesman-prophet ,isaiah4 ,8 little c\ntry ( ,judah 0 likely to be de/roy$ by ! ho/ilities ( ,assyria & ,egypt1 & 9 ! middle ( t p]il1 :5 ^! nations 7 at ea* o!r's ?roats1 he looks =w>d & says3-- ,9 t day !re %all be a highway out ( ,egypt to ,assyria & ! ,assyrian %all come into ,egypt1 & ! ,egyptian to ,assyria2 & ! ,egyptians %all wor%ip ) ! ,assyrians4 ,!re %all be free int]c\rse betwe5 !m1 & wor%ip ( ! "o ,god %all be ! l9k betwe5 !m4 ,9 t day %all ,israel be ! ?ird ) ,egypt & ) ,assyria1 a bless+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! e>?1 = t ! ,"l ( ho/s ha? bless$ !m1 say+1 ',bless$ be ,egypt my p1 & ,assyria ! "w ( my h&s1 & ,israel m9e inh]itance8' ,isaiah xix1 #bc-be4 ,j picture ! pallid fr5zy ( ! or?odox ,jew at ! words--,egypt my p4 ,! tea*+ ( ! ,bible is pla9 en\gh2 & z we come to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ) all ?is 9 our m9ds1 kn[+ ! emphasis t has already be5 laid ^u nationality1 we f9d t !re1 too1 is ! note ( patriotism4 ,no man has ev] lov$ 8 nation m ?an ! ,"l lov$ ,israel1 & 9 ! bitt]ness ( disappo9tm5t 9 ! lam5t ov] ,j]usalem we h ! measure ( ,8 patriotic love = ! holy places ( ,8 p4 ,/4 ,paul1 ! au?or ( ^? great ejaculations--,t !re c be nei!r ,jew nor ,g5tile1 ,greek nor ,scy?ian1 bond nor free1 b "o man 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus--is also ! au?or ( ! mo/ ard5t expression ( patriotism 9 all lit]ature4 ,gal4 iii1 #bh2 ,col4 iii1 #aa4 ,i say ! tru? 9 ,*ri/1 ,i lie n1 my consci5ce be>+ witness ) me 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 t ,i h great sorr[ & unceas+ pa9 9 my he>t4 ,= ,i c\ld wi% t myself 7 accurs$ f ,*ri/ = my bre?r5's sake1 my k9sm5 accord+ to ! fle%2 :o are ,israelites1 ^: is ! adoption1 & ! glory1 & ! cov5ants1 & ! giv+ ( ! law1 & ! s]vice ( ,god1 & ! promises2 ^: are ! patri>*s1 & ( :om is ,*ri/ z conc]n+ ! fle%4 ,rom4 ix1 #a-e4 ,"o c almo/ he> him pant+ z he dictates ! words4 ,! ,bible1 !n1 /rongly insi/s ^u ! nation z exi/+ by div9e appo9tm5t1 & x looks =w>d1 n to ! abolition ( national di/9ctions1 b to ! inclusion ( all nations 9 ! family ( nations4 ,s x 0 well t nationality %\ld insi/ ^u itself )9 ! sph]e ( religion 9 ! movem5t t we call ! ,re=mation4 ,b x left u ) a brok5 ,*ri/5dom1 & ) :at are call$ national ,*ur*es4 ,! old ,*ur* endeav\r$ to tyrannise ov] ! ,/ate2 "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,re=mation ! ,/ate t5d$ to tyrannise ov] ! ,*ur*4 ,!n comes a movem5t t[>ds a free ,*ur* 9 a free ,/ate2 b we %all only f9d satisfaction :5 we h a free ,/ate 9 a free ,*ur*4 ,! nation is a natural gr[? ) a spiritual significance4 ,x em]ges z a product ( v>i\s elem5t>y ne$s ( man2 b hav+ em]g$ x is f\nd to possess a value f> beyond ! satisfaction ( ^! ne$s4 ,! ,*ur* is a spiritual creation work+ ?r\gh a natural m$ium4 ,its in=m+ pr9ciple is ! ,holy ,_s ( ,god 9 ,*ri/1 b its memb]s are m5 & wom5 :o are p>tly animal 9 nature z well z *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,! nation z organis$ = action is ! ,/ate2 & ! ,/ate1 be+ natural1 appeals to m5 on t side ( _! nature :i* is l[] b is n 9 itself bad4 ,ju/ice is its highe/ aim & =ce its typical in/rum5t1 ?\gh =ce is progressively less employ$ z ! moral s5se ( ! community develops3 m]cy c f9d an entrance only on /rict conditions4 ,! ,*ur*1 on ! o!r h&1 is prim>ily spiritual2 hol9ess is its prim>y quality2 m]cy w be ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( its judgm5ts1 b x may fall back on ju/ice & ev51 9 ! la/ resort1 on =ce4 ,bo? ,/ate & ,*ur* are in/rum5ts ( ,god = e/abli%+ ,8 ,k+dom2 bo? h ! same goal2 b !y h diff]5t functions 9 relation to t goal4 ,see ,app5dix ,,ii43 ,on ,moral ,au?ority4 ,! ,/ate's action = ! mo/ "p takes ! =m ( re/ra9t2 ! ,*ur*'s ma9ly t ( appeal4 ,! ,/ate is conc]n$ to ma9ta9 ! highe/ /&>d ( life t c be g5]ally realis$ by its citiz5s2 ! ,*ur* is conc]n$ ) uphold+ an ideal to :i* n ev5 ! be/ w fully atta94 ,:5 a man rea*es a c]ta9 pit* ( developm5t1 he sc>cely realises ! pressure ( ! ,/ate1 ?\gh he is /ill unconsci\sly upheld by ! moral judgm5t ( society2 b he c nev] outgr[ ! dem& ( ! ,*ur*4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if a man is bel[ a c]ta9 /&>d1 ! appeal ( ! ,*ur* w n hold him & he ne$s ! support ( ! ,/ate's co]cion4 ,nei!r ,/ate nor ,*ur* is itself ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 ?\gh ! specific life ( ! ,*ur* is ! v _s & p[] ( t ,k+dom4 ,ea* plays its "p 9 build+ ! ,k+dom1 9 :i*1 :5 x comes1 =ce w h disappe>$1 :ile ju/ice & m]cy w coalesce 9 ! p]fect love :i* w treat e individual accord+ to 8 ne$4 ,! ,*ur* :i*1 (ficially at lea/1 ignor$ nationality has fail$4 ,! ,*ur* :i* all[$ itself to become little m ?an ! organ ( national religion has fail$4 ,! hope ( ! future lies 9 a truly int]national ,*ur*1 :i* %all fully respect ! rights ( nations & recognise ! spiritual function ( ! ,/ate1 !reby obta9+ ! "r to direct ! national ,/ates along ! pa? :i* leads to ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,we are all cle> by n[ t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* _c be made ! s]vant ( "o nation2 we mu/ become equally cle> t x _c be reg>d$ z /&+ ap>t f !m1 s t 9 becom+ a ,*ur*man a man is )drawn 9 "s degree f national loyalty4 ,we mu/ get rid ( ! idea ( alt]native loyalties4 ,! ,*ur* is inde$ ! h]ald & ! e>ne/ ( t ,k+dom ( ,god :i* includes all mank9d2 b unless all hi/ory is a m]e ab]ration1 t ,k+dom w h nations = its prov9ces1 & nations l individuals w realise _! de/9y by becom+ memb]s ( x4 ,we %all1 !n1 conceive ! relation ( ! nation to ! ,*ur* on ! analogy ( t betwe5 ! family & ! nation4 ,!re is 9 pr9ciple no conflict ( int]e/ or loyalty "h4 ,! family is a "p ( ! nation1 ow+ allegiance to x2 b ! nation consi/s ( families & c rea* its welf>e only ?r\gh !irs4 ,s ! nation 79 proportion z x is ,*ri/ian7 mu/ le>n to reg>d itself z a memb] ( ! family ( nations 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,no d\bt 9 ?is imp]fect _w !re is (t5 a conflict ( suppos$ int]e/s1 & sometimes ev5 ( real int]e/s4 ,moreov]1 !re is (t5 room = d\bt z to :]e ! true int]e/ lies4 ,b ! family f9ds its own true welf>e 9 ! s]vice ( ! nation1 & ! nation f9ds its own welf>e 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* is itself n yet a society ( j m5 made p]fect1 :ile uphold+ ! ideal ( bro!rhood & ! love :i* kills hate by suff]+ at its h&s1 & :ile call+ bo? m5 & nations to p5it5ce & r5ew$ aspiration 9 s f> z !y fail to rea* t ideal1 w none ! less recognise ! div9ity ( ! nation 9 spite ( all its failures4 ,x w n call ^u m5 to come out f _! nation or sep>ate !mselves f its action1 unless x believes t !n & !re ! nation itself is capable ( some?+ bett]1 or unless ! nation requires ( !m a repudiation ( ! v _s ( ,*ri/1 or an action intr9sically immoral4 ,if x is do+ ! be/ t at ! mom5t x is capable ( do+1 ! ,*ur* w bid its citiz5s support x 9 t act1 le/ ! nation be weak5$ 9 its def5ce ( ! "r or its control h&$ ov] to ^? :o h no c>e = ! "r4 ,! ,*ur* !n mu/ recognise ! nation hav+ a c]ta9 function 9 ! div9e provid5ce ) ref]5ce to man's spiritual life4 ,x mu/ n try to usurp ! ,/ate's functions1 = if x does x w p]=m !m badly1 & x w also--:i* is f> m s]i\s--be des]t+ ! "w = :i* x alone is compet5t2 & ! ,/ate mu/1 9 its turn1 recognise ! ,*ur* z ! ,society ( ,nations1 ( :i* x ) all o!rs is a memb]4 ,no?+ b su* a spiritual society c secure fell[%ip among nations4 ,s*emes ( arbitration1 conciliation1 int]national police & ! l1 presuppose1 if !y are to be effective1 an admitt$ community ( int]e/ betwe5 ! nations4 ,b ?is mu/ be n only admitt$ b believ$ 9 suffici5tly to prompt a nation :i* has no int]e/ 9 a p>ticul> dispute to make sacrifices = ! g5]al good1 by sp5d+ blood & treasure 9 uphold+ ! au?ority ( ! int]national c\rt or c\ncil4 ,:at w secure ?is1 except ! realisation ( common memb]%ip 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 its h]ald & e>ne/8 ,& yet ! ,*ur* we "k is n only divid$ b at w> )9 itself4 ,?is1 ! ,creation ( ,god 9 ,*ri/1 is n m free f /rife & faction ?an ! nations1 :i* are natural gr[?s4 ,if grace fails1 h[ c nature succe$8 ,:y %\ld we expect ! nations ( ! _w to be at peace1 :5 ! sections ( ! ,*ur* are at w>8 ,because ! ,*ur* is s f> f :at we hope x may become1 we c only sket* t future ,*ur* 9 outl9e4 ,its build+ w be ! "w ( ye>s1 p]haps ( c5turies4 ,& probably en\gh our attempt w fail z ,hildebr&'s fail$2 probably en\gh !re w be scores ( failures2 b ea* "t we mu/ beg9 aga9 9 ord] t = ,*ri/ & ,8 ,_s a ,body may be prep>$1 ?r\gh :i* ,8 purpose may 9 ! end ( ! ages f9d its accompli%m5t1 & ! nations ( ! e>? br+ _! glory--ea* its own--into ,8 ,holy ,city4 ,!re is ! goal2 dimly en\gh se52 b ! me?od is p]fectly pla94 ,?omas sai? unto ,him1 ,"l1 we "k n :i!r ,?\ goe/2 h[ "k we ! way8 ,jesus sai? unto him1 ,i am ! way4 ,& :5 t way l$ to ! ,cross1 beside ! innoc5t ,suff]] !re 7 two o!rs4 ,"o cri$ to ,him1 ,save ,?yself & u2 ! o!r recognis$ ,8 royalty 9 t utmo/ humiliation & pray$1 ,jesus1 rememb] me :5 ,?\ come/ 9 ,?y ,k+dom4 ,he1 & he alone 9 ! f\r ,gospels1 is record$ to h address$ ! ,"l by ,8 p]sonal "n4 ,p5it5ce creates intimacy1 :e!r x be (f]$ to ,god or to man4 ,we h be5 made v consci\s ( ! burd5 ( ! _w's pa9 & s91 ?\gh p]haps t burd51 z ,god be>s x1 is no heavi] n[ ?an 9 our selfi% & worldly peace4 ,w ! ,*ur* pray to ,him1 ,save ,?yself & u8 or w x will+ly suff] ) ,him1 unit$ ) ,him 9 ! intimacy ( p5it5ce1 see+ ,8 royalty 9 ,8 cr[n ( ?orns8 ,w x1 :ile bidd+ m5 bravely d _! duty z !y see x1 /ill say t ! real treasures are n ( ?is _w ?\gh !y may 9 "p be possess$ "h1 suff]+ :atev] may be ! p5alty = ?is unpopul> te/imony8 ,= ! k+doms ( ?is _w w become ! ,k+dom ( our ,god & ( ,8 ,*ri/ only :5 ! citiz5s ( ^? k+doms lay up _! treasure 9 heav5 & n ^u ! e>?1 only :51 be+ ris5 ) ,*ri/1 !y set _! affection on ?+s above--love1 joy1 peace1 loyalty1 beauty1 k--only :5 !y realise _! fell[%ip 9 ,8 ,body s t _! fell[%ip also 9 ,8 ,holy ,_s may purge _! selfi%ness away4 ,"h is field en\gh = h]oism & ! moral equival5t ( w>4 ,! ,*ur* is to be trans=m$ & become a b& ( p unit$ 9 _! indiff]5ce to p]sonal success or national expansion1 & c>+ only t ! individual is pure 9 he>t & ! nation hon\rable4 ,9 h] zeal = t purity & hon\r1 & 9 h] contempt = all else1 %e may h to suff] crucifixion4 ,x is a big risk t ! ,*ur* mu/ run2 = if %e does n save ! _w %e w h ru9$ x1 besides sacrific+ h]self4 ,if !re is no ,god nor ,holy ,city ( ,god1 ! ,*ur* w h j spoilt life = all h] fai?ful memb]s1 & 9 "s degree = e "o else z well4 ,b if h] vision is true1 !n ev]y?+ is wor? :ile--r ! greatness ( ! sacrifice is an addition to ! joy :5 ! prize is s unimag9ably great4 ,c we br+ ?is _s into ! ,*ur*8 ,on our answ] dep5ds ! c\rse ( hi/ory 9 ! next c5tury1 & a new /age 9 ! ,com+ ( ! ,"l4 ,! ,_s & ! ,bride say1 ,come4 ,& he t he>e?1 let him say1 ,come4 ,yea3 ,i come quickly4 ,am53 come1 ,"l ,jesus4 99,,lecture ,,iii99 99,,ju/ice ,,& ,,lib]ty ,,9 ,,! ,,/ate99 ,?9k n t ,i came to de/roy ! law or ! prophets3 ,i came n to de/roy b to fulfil4--,s4 ,mat!w v41 #ag4 ,i4--,9 ! la/ lecture ,i said t ju/ice w\ld seem to be ! typical virtue ( ! ,/ate1 z hol9ess ( ! ,*ur*4 ,let u1 !n1 fir/ consid] ?is virtue ( ju/ice 9 ! light ( our ,"l's tea*+ conc]n+ "o ( ! mo/ famili> aspects ( ju/ice--its p5al aspect4 ,^? say+s t h ( late giv5 rise to s _m se>*+s ( he>t among ,*ri/ians--! say+s ab\t turn+ ! o!r *eek & ! re/--are giv5 by our ,"l z explanations ( ! say+ t ,he came n to de/roy ! law b to fulfil x4 ,! words to fulfil ( c\rse mean n only to obey & c>ry out1 b to complete4 ,9 :at s5se is ?is tea*+ ( our ,"l ! completion ( ! law8 ,= ! law ( ,moses1 l e o!r law1 0 conc]n$ ) regulat+ ! relations ( m5 to "o ano!r1 z well z _! duties t[>ds ,god2 & x en=c$ :at x enjo9$ by p5alties4 ,at fir/ sight no d\bt x looks z if ,he 7 directly contradict+ :at _h be5 said to !m ( old "t-- ,ye h he>d t x 0 said1 ,an eye = an eye1 & a too? = a too?3 b ,i say unto y1 ,t ye resi/ n him t is evil2 b :osoev] smites !e on ?y "r *eek1 turn to him ! o!r also1 & if any man w sue !e at ! law1 & take away ?y coat1 let him h ?y cloak also4 ,h[ is ?is ! fulfilm5t or completion ( ! ,mosaic or any o!r law8 ,at ?is di/ance ( "t1 x is h>d to rememb] :at 0 ! orig9al significance ( ! law ( retaliation4 ,we are incl9$ to ?9k t ! words an eye = an eye & a too? = a too? are int5d$ to give a lic5ce to t degree ( v9dictiv5ess2 b on ! contr>y1 9 ! primitive /age 9 :i* t enactm5t 0 giv51 x 0 n a lic5ce giv5 to man's in/9ct = v5geance1 b a limitation set ^u t primitive & animal in/9ct1 ^: natural t5d5cy1 if un*eck$1 is to take two eyes = an eye & a set ( tee? = a too?4 ,! lex talionis said--,only an eye = an eye1 & only a too? = a too?4 ,our ,"l c>ries ! same pr9ciple fur!r2 n ev5 t degree ( v9dictiv5ess is all[$4 ,! fir/ necessity 0 to put b\nds ^u man's natural & almo/ insatiable lu/ = v5geance4 ,! next 0 to tell him t ! :ole me?od ( v5geance c\ld nev] succe$ 9 :at is its only really ju/ifiable aim4 ,= :at is ! true function ( ! law1 :e!r t ( ,moses or any o!r8 ,x is always two-fold2 x mu/ always aim n m]ely at *eck+ ! evil act1 b at conv]t+1 if possible1 ! evil w4 ,!re has nev]1 ,i suppose1 be5 any legal sy/em :i* 0 n ju/ifi$ by its uphold]s on ?is gr\nd4 ,no "o is really cont5t1 to ?9k t ! puni%m5t :i* he inflicts1 or may imag9e himself z inflict+ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! ,/ate1 or 9 any o!r way1 is purely det]r5t2 he always ?9ks x w also be re=mative4 ,b1 h[ are y z a matt] ( fact to attack ! evil w8 ,! m]e infliction ( p5alty w n ( any necessity a*ieve ?is goal at all4 ,we "k t x is v s]i\sly debat$ :e!r our :ole sy/em ( puni%m5t 9 ! civilis$ ,/ates ( to-day has any really moral effect1 at lea/ ^u ^? :o fall "u its mo/ sev]e p5alties4 ,probably mo/ convicts leave prison worse m5 ?an :5 !y ent]$4 ,= if a man is bel[ a c]ta9 level 9 moral atta9m5t1 pa91 f> f purify+1 only brutalises & co>s5s4 ,x is only ^? :o are already f> 9 ! pa? ( spiritual gr[? :o are purifi$ by suff]+1 ev5 z ! ,capta9 ( our ,salvation 0 ?us made p]fect4 ,b x is /ill true t ! aim ( all p5al law is tw(old2 to *eck ! evil act &1 if possible1 to conv]t ! evil w4 ,n[1 z ,i sugge/$ previ\sly1 m]e re/ra9t may h indirectly a positive moral value2 z = example 9 ! case ( a *ild1 :o is pot5tially ( v div]se *>act]s4 ,he has ! capacity to gr[ 9 _m diff]5t directions1 & x w dep5d v mu* ^u 8 surr\nd+s1 & ! influ5ces :i* play ^u 8 "*1 :e!r ?is set ( in/9cts or t receives developm5t2 & "h m]ely to keep =cibly )9 b\nds ! developm5t ( c]ta9 impulses1 :i* t5d to gr[ out ( proportion to ! prop] h>mony & economy ( nature1 may indirectly h ! effect ( pres]v+ t h>mony & ?us develop g5u9e virtue 9 ! s\l4 ,& aga91 ) ^? ^: *>act]s are relatively =m$1 ! direct re/ra9t1 = example1 ( ,/ate action may h positive moral value1 inasmu* z x is ! expression ( ! moral judgm5t ( ,society4 ,:at mo/ ( u w\ld %r9k f1 if we 7 9 dang] ( imprisonm5t1 w\ld n be ! physical inconv5i5ce1 :i* is n v great1 b ! fact t we %\ld h br\ght ourselves "u ! c5sure ( ,society1 & act$ 9 su* a way z to put ourselves bel[ ! level :i* ,society g5]ally consid]s itself ju/ifi$ 9 en=c+4 ,& s ! purely re/ra9+ influ5ce ( ! ,/ate1 ev5 op]at+ ?r\gh =ce1 may h a positive moral value1 because x repres5ts1 & is ! only way at pres5t devis$ ( repres5t+1 ! judgm5t ( ,society1 & to %r9k f ! judgm5t ( ,society is1 s f> z x goes1 a really moral fe>4 ,x is n inde$ ! highe/ gr\nd = ! avoidance ( evil1 b x is a moral gr\nd1 = x arises f our recognition ( our fell[-memb]%ip 9 ,society ) ^? ^: c5sure we fe>4 ,b ! ,/ate 9 all its actions is ( necessity me*anical1 & _c take acc\nt ( ! individual1 & all t makes him :at he is4 ,! ,/ate (fic] _c "k ! prison] 9 su* a way z really to det]m9e ! treatm5t allott$ to him 9 ! light ( :at is be/ = 8 spiritual welf>e2 & !re=e he has to fall back ^u r\gh & ready rules :i* w nev] be p]haps v f> f ! "r treatm5t1 ?\gh !y may fail to allot ! ideal treatm5t 9 any s+le case4 ,& "h1 9 p>5!sis1 let me j m5tion t ?is is ! *ief reason :y metaphors & comp>isons drawn f ! law-c\rts are s sadly mislead+ :5 us$ to illu/rate ! relation betwe5 ! human s\l & ,god2 our only fe> ( ! judge is conc]n$ ) :at he w d to u2 b :at we fe> ) our fa!r1 on e>? or 9 ,heav51 is n s mu* :at he w d to u1 z ! pa9 we h caus$--,!re is m]cy ) ,!e2 !re=e %alt ,?\ be fe>$4 ,our ,"l's me?od is ! only "o t aims /raight at ! evil w2 x is ! only me?od :i* has 9 x any real hope ( conv]t+ ! individual4 ,x may fail "t & aga92 b x is ! only "o t has a *ance ( real & absolute success4 ,let u look = a mom5t at ! in/ances :i* ,he *ooses to illu/rate ! pr9ciple1 & we %all see at once t !y are c>efully *os54 ,all ! acts *os5 are su* z are p>ticul>ly vexati\s to ! ord9>y natural & selfi% man--be+ /ruck 9 ! face2 hav+ a vexati\s suit br\ght aga9/ "o2 be+ pe/]$ by a begg>2 be+ compell$ to d some?+ = ! public s]vice :5 we are busy4 ,^? are j ! ?+s :i* ! natural man res5ts & :i* ! real ,*ri/ian w n m9d at all4 ,=1 aft] all1 !re is no real injury 9 be+ /ruck 9 ! face1 or hav+ "o's coat tak5 away4 ,:at "o m9ds is ! insult to "o's preci\s dignity2 & ! ,*ri/ian :o1 by def9ition1 has =gott5 all ab\t himself w n m9d su* injuries at all4 ,!re=e if ! acts comm&$ are spontane\sly done & n done ) a labori\s consci5ti\sness--t is to say if !y are done 9 ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 & n 9 ! _s ( ,ph>isaism--!y w express a complete conv]sion 9 ! w ( him :o does !m2 !y w express absolute conque/ ( self1 & a conc]n solely = ! welf>e ( him ) :om we are deal+2 & !re is no he>t yet made t c resi/ ! appeal ( love :i* is con/ant 9 spite ( e betrayal1 ! appeal ( tru/ :i* is r5ew$ 9 spite ( endless disappo9tm5ts4 ,he t love? 8 bro!r--says ,/4 ,john--walke? 9 ! light4 ,he is ! man :o kn[s :]e he is go+1 because he is ! man :o und]/&s p & sees into _! he>ts4 ,!y w reveal to him secrets ( _! nature1 :i* !y w hide f ! contemptu\s & indiff]5t2 & ev5 if at fir/ he is f "t to "t disappo9t$ & betray$1 9 ! end 8 me?od w succe$1 because love & tru/ create :at !y believe 94 ,! ju/ice !n1 :i* we f9d at "w 9 ! ,/ate1 is always a provisional ?+ po9t+ u to some?+ m1 some?+ :i* ! ,/ate itself by its v con/itution is unable to provide1 b :i* ,god provides 9 ,*ri/1 & w enable u 9 our measure to provide1 if we are fai?ful1 at lea/ 9 ! circle ( our imm$iate activities1 s f>1 t is1 z ! range ( our sympa?y w c>ry u4 ,,ii4--,! value ( ! ju/ice :i* ! ,/ate is able to secure actually resides = ! mo/ "p 9 ! lib]ty :i* x makes possible4 ,ju/ice1 z ! ,/ate int]prets x1 is ( itself1 z f> z ,i c see1 almo/ totally valueless4 ,i c see no k9d ( advantage 9 m]ely allott+ s mu* pa9 to s mu* evil4 ,!re is moral evil 9 a man & y put physical evil into him z well4 ,i d n see h[ y h made him or anyone else ! bett]4 ,only 9 s f> z ! puni%m5t is ei!r det]r5t or re=mative1 has x any moral value at all2 & only 9 ! latt] case1 :]e x re=ms ! "*1 c ! value be call$ 9 ! /rict s5se moral4 ,s f> z x only det]s m5 f evil acts :i* !y w\ld desire to commit1 x may add to ! conv5i5ce ( ! o!r memb]s ( ,society1 b x is n do+ any direct moral good4 ,indirectly1 h[ev]1 x has moral results2 = :5 we enquire 9 :at s5se we c say t su* ju/ice z ! ,/ate secures produces lib]ty1 ! fir/ answ] is to be f\nd 9 ! obvi\s & elem5t>y fact t ! lib]ty ( e "o ( u dep5ds ^u our k t c]ta9 impulses & in/9cts 9 o!r p1 %\ld !y arise1 w be *eck$ & n all[$ to receive full expression4 ,our lib]ty is increas$ by t *eck put ^u pr$atory or homicidal impulses 9 o!r p1 & _! lib]ty dep5ds ^u ! suppression ( su* impulses 9 u4 ,s f> x w\ld seem t !re mu/ be 9 ! mo/ obvi\s s5se ( ! words a c]ta9 curtailm5t ( ev]ybody's lib]ty 9 ord] t anybody may h lib]ty at all4 ,if we are all to be free to indulge our passions ( ang] & hatr$1 %\ld su* arise )9 u1 !n x is q cle> t !re w be v little fre$om ( action 9 ! ,society :i* re/s on t pr9ciple4 ,ev]yone w g ab\t 9 fe> ( ev]yone else4 ,b t is a v small "p ( ! bus9ess4 ,! *ief contribution ( su* ju/ice to human lib]ty is t x supplies ! necess>y conditions ( discipl9e )\t :i* !re c be no lib]ty4 ,we ?9k ( lib]ty z mean+ fre$om f ext]nal con/ra9t4 ,we ?9k t an act ( ours is free :5 we c say1 ,i did x1 & no "o made me d x2 b v little reflection is suffici5t to conv9ce u t a man ^: life is actually gov]n$ by "o or sev]al ov]-develop$ passions :i* he w1 z a matt] ( fact1 always gratify :5 opportunity (f]s1 9 spite ( ! damage t is done to 8 :ole life & to 8 p]man5t & delib]ate purpose1 is n really a free man4 ,to be ti$ & b\nd ) ! *a9 ( our s9s is j z mu* slav]y z to be 9 ! own]%ip ( ano!r man2 & we c acquire ! real lib]ty :i* is wor? hav+1 ! lib]ty1 t is1 to %ape our lives1 to live accord+ to our own purpose1 foll[+ out our own ideal1 only 9 s f> z our natures h be5 weld$ by discipl9e into unity1 s t we are no long] a *aos ( impulses & in/9cts1 any ( :i* may be set 9 motion by ! appropriate environm5t1 b are self-gov]n+ p]sons controll+ our own lives4 ,lib]ty1 9 s f> z x is ( any value1 always means self-control 9 bo? ! s5ses ( t t]m3 9 ! s5se t we are only controll$ by ourselves1 & also 9 ! s5se t by ourselves we are controll$1 & t e "p ( our nature is subs]vi5t to ! purpose to :i* our :ole nature is giv54 ,legislation is really an in/rum5t ( self-discipl9e4 ,! p :o write books ab\t political philosophy are ma9ly memb]s ( ! respectable classes4 ,!y naturally f9d x r difficult to envisage !mselves z liable to commit murd] & ! l2 & !y are !re=e v liable to repres5t ! crim9al law ( ! ,/ate z be+ enact$ aga9/ a few undiscipl9$ or recalcitrant memb]s4 ,b :5 we look at ! ?+ m closely1 we see t :at a community does1 especially a democratic community1 :5 x passes a law1 is to invoke1 e memb] ^u 8 own head1 ! p5alties enact$ by t law1 if he %\ld d ! act :i* ! law =bids4 ,let u consid]1 = example1 an int]national conv5tion4 ,:at is ! use ( nations agree+ ) "o ano!r n to d some?+1 = in/ance n to poison wells1 unless !re is "s *ance t 9 a mom5t ( /rong temptation !y may desire to d x8 ,!y !re=e /r5g!n _! delib]ate purpose to avoid su* acts by ent]+ into an agreem5t ) "o ano!r always to avoid !m4 ,!re w\ld be no object 9 do+ ?is unless !y ne$$ help1 or ?\ght t !y might at "s "t ne$ help1 9 liv+ up to _! own purposes4 ,& we h to rememb] t 9 ?is way ! law ( ! ,/ate is1 z a matt] ( fact1 p]petually op]at+ ^u e "o ( u4 ,we are (t5 liable to suppose t x is only active 9 relation to ^? p aga9/ :om x is def9itely set 9 motion2 b x does op]ate 9 ! life ( e "o ( ! citiz5s ( a community2 because ! fact t c]ta9 actions w\ld involve u 9 ,/ate-p5alty mo/ und\bt$ly does keep all ( u f indulg+ 9 ^? actions at c]ta9 times1 ev5 ?\gh at calm mom5ts we recognise t x w\ld be wrong to d s4 ,trivial in/ances are ne>ly always ! cle>e/4 ,mo/ ( u1 ,i suppose1 are suffici5tly hone/ to desire 9 g5]al t]ms to pay = :at we buy2 & we %\ld p]haps usually pay = our places 9 ! tra91 ev5 if !re 7 no ticket-inspector2 /ill1 ! exi/5ce ( ! inspector j cl9*es ! matt]4 ,! possibility ( ! p5alty z a matt] ( fact helps to ma9ta9 our g5]al1 p]man5t1 & delib]ate purpose ( hone/y aga9/ a mom5t>y temptation to be di%one/2 & s f> x is help+ u to live up to our purpose1 or1 9 o!r words1 is increas+ our real fre$om4 ,9 fact1 "o ma9 te/ ( good legislation is precisely :e!r x does or does n 9 ?is way develop real fre$om by increas+ p's p[] to live by _! own delib]ate purpose4 ,i owe ! illu/ration to ,mr4 ,a4 ,l4 ,smi?1 ( ,balliol4 ,n[ s f> we h be5 consid]+ ,society z consi/+ ( relatively free p]sons 7?\gh ! fre$om exi/s 9 v>y+ degrees1 bo? z reg>ds ! ext]nal con/ra9t & capacity = self-control71 ^! p]sons hav+ v>i\s claims :i* h to be regulat$ by ! ju/ice :i* ! ,/ate upholds2 9 o!r words1 9 ?is /age1 we are reg>d+ ju/ice 9 ! way 9 :i* ,i suppose x is mo/ usually reg>d$1 namely1 z r5d]+ to a man :at is due to him4 ,t is ! def9ition ) :i* ,plato 9 ,! ,republic />ts 8 enquiry1 & he naturally f\nd v soon t x w\ld n "w4 ,x w n "w because ! moral values ( p are n det]m9able4 ,y _c1 z a matt] ( fact1 ev] say :at is ! relative weight ( ! v>i\s claims t may be made on behalf ( ?is or t man4 ,mo/ p>ticul>ly !re is ! p]petual conflict betwe5 ! actual & ! pot5tial wor? ( any m54 ,he appropriately puts x 9 ! m\? ( ,polem>*us1 ! well-br\ght up1 b :olly inexp]i5c$1 "y man4 ,suppose t we decide t we w give to all m5 9 ,society t :i* is _! due4 ,h[ are we go+ to det]m9e :at is due8 ,is x to be det]m9$ by _! economic value1 = example by ! am\nt !y are contribut+ to ! economic or g5]al welf>e ( ,society8 ,well !n1 !re are a l>ge numb] ( p at bo? ends ( :at we call ! social scale :o ought to receive no?+ at all1 because !y are contribut+ no?+ economically1 or1 inde$1 9 any o!r way1 to ! public welf>e4 ,& yet t is n _! fault2 !y h be5 br\ght up1 x may be 9 squalor1 x may be 9 luxury1 b 9 ei!r case 9 circum/ances :i* h made !m almo/ incapable ( any?+ l good citiz5%ip4 ,are we to kill su* p]sons1 or leave !m to />ve1 9 ! int]e/ ( ! public welf>e8 ,all human in/9cts w prote/ t ?is is unju/1 & t !y c claim m ?an !y c possibly be repres5t$ z contribut+1 simply because !y h _h1 z we say1 bad luck1 & x is n _! fault4 ,see ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,on ,ju/ice & ,education4 ,let u try :at happ5s if aft] ,plato's example we turn ! matt] upside d[n1 & in/ead ( say+ t ju/ice w be f\nd :5 !re is r5d]$ to ea* man :at is due to him1 we say t ju/ice is f\nd :5 ea* man contributes :at is due f him4 ,n[ logically1 ( c\rse1 ^! two are ! same1 because duties & rights are absolutely correlative4 ,my rights con/itute o!r p's duties t[>ds me1 & _! rights con/itute my duties t[>ds !m4 ,! only diff]5ce is t x is f> m easy 9 any giv5 case to det]m9e :at is due f somebody--:at c be claim$ f him--?an to det]m9e :at is due to him4 ,9 ?is imp]fect /age ( ! _w1 :]e we are pass+ ?r\gh ! transition f some?+ l b>b>ism to ,*ri/ian civilisation1 z we hope1 x is possible t ( two correlative processes1 "o w actually c>ry u fur!r ?an ! o!r ev5 ?\gh x is logically insep>able f x4 ,& 9 fact we f9d at once1 t if we put x ?is way1 & say t ! pr9ciple ( ju/ice is n t ea* man %\ld obta9 :at is due to him1 b t ea* %\ld contribute :at is due f him1 we are com+ to ! c5tral pr9ciple ( ,god's adm9i/ration ( ,8 _w1 :i* is t we %\ld r5d] to e man n accord+ to 8 des]t1 b accord+ to 8 ne$4 ,inde$ = practical purposes1 if we are wi%+ to br+ ju/ice into our own deal+s1 & into ! deal+s ( any public body ) :i* we may h influ5ce1 ?is pr9ciple w c>ry u fur!r ?an any o!r--,r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 ne$4 ,let u suppose t we meet on "o day ) two begg>s4 ,"o ( !m is a man :o has borne a good "* ?r\gh\t 8 life1 & has lo/ 8 "w ?r\gh no fault ( 8 own2 ! works on :i* he 0 employ$ 7 clos$1 & he is n[ tramp+ 9 se>* ( m "w4 ,all ( u ( c\rse w say--,he des]ves help & we w help him4 ,yes2 & x is q easy to help him4 ,we h only to set him up aga91 & all w be well4 ,x is n 8 own fault & we c rely ^u him to make use ( ano!r opportunity4 ,! o!r begg> is a man :o has lo/ ?is place1 z he has lo/ _m be=e1 ?r\gh indulg5ce 9 "s vice1 su* z dr9k4 ,!re are v _m p :o w say1 ,well1 x is 8 own fault1 & n[ he mu/ suff] = x4 ,if ,god _h tak5 t l9e ) u1 :]e w\ld our r$emption be8--,x is 8 own fault1 n[ he mu/ suff] = x4 ,to say t is to repudiate ! ,gospel 9 its entirety4 ,x is to call ! ,cross absurd & sc&al\s4 ,god comm5de? ,8 love t[>d u 9 t :ile we 7 yet s9n]s ,*ri/ di$4 ,no2 ! ,*ri/ian w say1 ,?is man ne$s help m ?an ! o!r4 ,x w n be ! same k9d ( help4 ,x is no use m]ely to give him money4 ,t may m]ely help him to g wrong quick] ?an he w\ld o!rwise4 ,he ne$s some?+ t w co/ u1 probably1 m ?an money2 he ne$s our "t--"t to make fri5ds2 "t to remove 8 suspicions2 "t to ent] into real sympa?y ) him1 & to detect :at elem5ts ( /r5g? !re are 9 8 "*1 t we may build !m up aga94 ,b he ne$s help m ?an ! o!r1 & ! ,*ri/ian w be b\nd to give x1 & he w say--,x 0 8 own fault2 he _c help himself2 x dep5ds entirely on u2 we w r5d] to him accord+ to 8 ne$4 ,& all ( ?is w\ld lead to ano!r =mula = describ+ ! ju/ice :i* we %all desire to practise 9 ! ,/ate1 & 9 all our secul> life ( :i* ! ,/ate is ! highe/ organisation--,! recognition ( p]sonality4 ,i d n "k at all :at =ms y\r lab\r unre/ 9 takes 9 ?is cont95t1 b ,i claim to h consid]able opportunities ( kn[+ :at is ! root ( t unre/ 9 ,engl&1 at lea/ among ! bett] type ( work+ p2 = ,i am conc]n$ ) an organisation :i* is at "w among work+ folk all ov] ,engl&1 hav+ an enorm\s memb]%ip1 & :i* aims at claim+ = !m1 & supply+ !m )1 fur!r facilities = education4 ,^? ) :om ,i ?us come 9 contact are pick$ m51 no d\bt1 because ^? :o jo9 an educational association are !reby m>k$ (f at once z intellectually at lea/ m al]t ?an ^? :o d n jo92 b z ,i g ab\t !m1 ,i f9d no room :atev] = d\bt+ t ! root ( ! lab\r unre/ 9 ,engl& is a s5se t ! :ole organisation ( our life con/itutes a /&+ insult to ! p]sonality ( ! poor man4 ,:y1 = example1 he feels1 %\ld x be possible = a well-to-d man to secure = himself1 or = 8 wife1 or = 8 *ild1 ! m$ical att5dance t may be ne$$1 :ile he 9 v _m p>ts ( our c\ntry dep5ds ^u in/itutions ma9ta9$ by volunt>y contributions8 ,x is q compatible ) gratitude to ^? ^: g5]osity ma9ta9s ^! in/itutions to feel t = su* s]vice he %\ld n be dep5d5t ^u anybody's *>ity at all--:e!r ! solution is to be t ! ,/ate ma9ta9 su* in/itutions or t e man :o is do+ 8 fair %>e ( ! c\ntry's "w receive = himself ! wage t w enable him to deal ) su* em]g5cies z !y arise4 ,above all1 m5 feel ! d5ial ( _! p]sonality 9 ! organisation ( indu/ry itself4 ,m5 h f\ght & di$ = political lib]ty1 :i* means ! "r to h a voice 9 mak+ ! laws by :i* y are to be gov]n$4 ,b ! laws ( ! ,/ate d n = ! mo/ "p invade a man's home1 :]eas ! regulations ( an indu/rial firm d4 ,!y det]m9e :5 he %all get up 9 ! morn+ & :5 he %all g to b$2 !y det]m9e :e!r he %all h any leisure = ! pursuit ( any int]e/ ( 8 own4 ,9 ! mak+ ( ^? regulations he has1 z a rule1 no voice :atev]1 & no opportunity ( mak+ 8 views und]/ood except by ?reat1 ! ?reat ( a /rike4 ,! m5 feel t !y are :at !y are sometimes call$1 h&s n p]sons4 ,!y are ! tools ( o!r m54 ,y mu/ apply all ?is to y\r own c\ntry1 if & s f> z x does apply4 ,b "o might easily imag9e a village 9 ,lanca%ire1 or any o!r indu/rial di/rict :]e all ! inhabitants are dep5d5t ^u "o indu/ry2 !re are _m su*2 & ! control ( t indu/ry may be 9 ! h&s ( a ,bo>d ( ,directors1 settl$ p]haps 9 ,london2 x may only meet a few times a ye> = ! transaction ( bus9ess1 & o!rwise n exi/ at all4 ,!y nev] see ! p ^: lives & de/9ies !y ?us control4 ,! %>ehold]s :o want _! divid5ds make no enquiries z a rule ab\t ! conditions 9 :i* ! "w is done4 ,if t ,bo>d ( ,directors mismanages its bus9ess ! village 9 ,lanca%ire goes hungry4 ,if t ,bo>d ( ,directors1 :5 !y h already got a full supply ( "w1 takes on ano!r l>ge contract1 t village 9 ,lanca%ire works ov]time2 & ! p h no say 9 ! matt]4 ,:atev] else t is1 x is n lib]ty1 & 9 ! judgm5t ( ! p !mselves x is n ju/ice4 ,& inde$ x is n ei!r ju/ice or lib]ty z we h le>n$ 9 o!r sph]es to und]/& ^? t]ms4 ,! economic organisation ( life comes f> clos] to ! individual citiz5 ?an ! political organisation1 & ! developm5t ( ju/ice rema9s incomplete until x has secur$ lib]ty ( an economic z well z a political k9d4 ,if x is true t ! me?od ( ,*ri/ is to appeal to ! free p]sonality ( ! man1 s t he obeys out ( love & devotion & n f fe> ( p5alty nor hope ( rew>d1 o!r ?an ! rew>d ( realis+ ! love ( ! ,ma/]1 !n surely x is 9 ! true l9e ( developm5t t[>ds ! p]fect$ ,*ri/ian civilisation if we dem& t ^! opportunities = ! developm5t ( free p]sonality %all be af=d$4 ,no d\bt x mu/ be done ) wisdom4 ,r\gh & ready me?ods1 h[ev] well-meant1 might d f> m h>m ?an good1 & leave u 9 a situation ev5 worse ?an t :i* we "k4 ,b ! ,*ur* has paid sc>cely any att5tion to ^? ?+s 9 ,engl&4 ,x is v difficult to p]suade ,*ur*-p t1 because !y are foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 & !re=e might be assum$ to recognise t !y are memb]s "o ( ano!r ) all ^! o!rs1 !y are !re=e b\nd 7= example7 9 inve/+ _! money to f9d out ! conditions "u :i* _! divid5ds are go+ to be e>n$4 ,9 almo/ e dep>tm5t ( life we h left su* ?+s alone4 ,"u ! /ress ( w>1 we h sudd5ly become acutely consci\s ( ! dr9k evil4 ,x 0 !re be=e2 & we h be5 cont5t t ! great majority ( our fell[ citiz5s %\ld h no opportunity = gratify+ ^? in/9cts ( social life & m]rim5t1 :i* are ! bir?right ( all ,god's *ildr51 except 9 places :]e ! influ5ce ( alcohol 0 supreme4 ,we h be5 cont5t ) t4 ,we h n ?\ght x 0 our duty to f9d a means ( supply+ !m ) o!r places ( recreation & amusem5t2 we h sav$ our money4 ,& !n we h ! imp]t95t audacity to claim our own r$emption by ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,"o c g on ) "o evil aft] ano!r 9 ! same way4 ,?is is :at makes ! ,*ur* weak4 ,x is no sort ( use = u to say t ,*ri/ is ! ,r$eem] ( ! _w1 & ! ,reveal] ( ! way ( life1 if ) reg>d to j ^? evils :i* press mo/ heavily on m5 we h to say t = !m ,he has un=tunately n suppli$ a rem$y4 ,no d\bt if ^! evils are to be dealt ) on a l>ge scale1 ! "w mu/ be done by ! ,/ate1 = no?+ else is adequate2 & ! ,*ur* "h has two ma9 tasks4 ,x is no "p ( ! ,*ur*'s task to advocate g5]al pr9ciples or p>ticul> maxims ( economic sci5ce1 ?\gh its memb]s1 9 _! capacity ( citiz5%ip ought to be active 9 ^! ways4 ,! fir/ task ( ! ,*ur* is to inspire ! ,/ate1 :i* aft] all v l>gely consi/s ( ! same p]sons z itself1 ) ! desire to combat ! evil2 & ! second is to c\nt]act ! "o great difficulty :i* ! ,/ate exp]i5ces4 ,:5 ! ,/ate takes up su* "w z ?is1 !re is "o ?+ :i* we all fe>3 ,(ficialism4 ,:at is ,(ficialism8 ,simply lack ( love2 no?+ else 9 ! _w4 ,x consi/s 9 treat+ p z cases1 accord+ to rules & r$ tape1 in/ead ( treat+ !m z individuals2 & ! ,*ur* :i* mu/ inspire ! ,/ate to want to deal ) ^! ?+s1 mu/ !n supply ! ag5ts ?r\gh :om x may deal ) !m effectively1 inspir+ !m ) ! love ( m5 :i* is ! fruit & te/ ( a true love ( ,god4 ,b beyond all ?is1 ! ,*ur* mu/ be mak+ dem&s f> great] ?an x has ev] made ^u man's spiritual nature & spiritual capacity1 & mu/ !n po9t to ! organisation ( our social life & say--,t organisation1 because & 9 s f> z x deprives m5 ( ! full gr[? ( _! spiritual nature1 because & 9 s f> z x prev5ts !m f tak+ ! %>e :i* belongs to ,god's *ildr5 9 ,8 wor%ip & ! enjoym5t ( 8 gifts ( nature & ,grace1 is prov$ to be ( ! devil4 ,9 our wor%ip we f9d = ! mo/ "p :at we expect to f9d4 ,!re may be gifts (f]$ u1 gifts f ,god1 t we nev] receive because we h n look$ = !m4 ,x is 9 our int]c\rse ) ,*ri/ t we %all f9d ! means ( solv+ ! horror ( our social problem1 if we are expect+ to f9d x2 b we h n expect$ x4 ,we h n really believ$ t ,he is ! ,r$eem] ( ! ,_w2 we h n look$ to ,him = ! r$emption ( ,society4 ,! ,/ate by itself1 until ! ,*ur* comes to its help1 c d some?+ inde$1 b some?+ :i* by itself is almo/ wor?less4 ,x supplies ! indisp5sable f\ndation )\t :i* a spiritual /ructure _c be built up2 b1 if t build+ nev] comes1 ! f\ndation by itself is little m ?an useless4 ,to ^? :om ! social ord] fav\rs x (f]s real lib]ty & life1 b no inspiration2 a p]fect social ord] w\ld (f] lib]ty to all1 b /ill no inspiration4 ,! ,/ate alone c nev] be ! h\se ( _m mansions :]e9 e s\l is truly at home4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ! ,/ate is by its v nature l>gely limit$ to ! regulation ( ^? human relation%ips :]e m5 oppose ea* o!r ) rival claims2 z soon z m5 rise to ! reciprocity ( fri5d%ip ! me?od ( ! ,/ate is inappropriate4 ,p d n g to law to det]m9e :e!r ei!r loves ! o!r adequately4 99,,lecture ,,iv99 99,,hol9ess ,,& ,,ca?olicity ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur*99 ,?is is ! law ( ! h\se3 ^u ! top ( ! m\nta9 ! :ole limit !re( r\nd ab\t %all be mo/ holy4 ,behold1 ?is is ! law ( ! h\se4--,ezekiel xliii1 #ab4 ,& ,i saw no temple !re93 = ! ,"l ,god ,almighty1 & ! ,lamb1 are ! temple !re(4--,revelation xxi1 #bb4 ,! ,bible gives u two elaborately conceiv$ pictures ( ! p]fect$ life ( man4 ,! fir/ is t :i* occupies ! clos+ *apt]s ( ,ezekiel's prophecy2 its lead+ feature is ! imm5se sep>ation :i* is insi/$ ^u betwe5 ! ,temple & ! secul> ,city4 ,! ,hill ( ,zion has become a v high m\nta92 ^u ! top ( x ! ,temple is set1 & !re is a wide space1 at lea/ two miles1 betwe5 x & ! ,city ( ,j]usalem1 :i* has be5 mov$ away by t di/ance to ! s\?4 ,inde$1 if we take ! description z int5d$ to be complete1 ! ,city seems to exi/ *iefly to provide a congregation = ! ,temple's s]vices1 & ! ,pr9ce only to (f] repres5tative wor%ip on behalf ( ,8 p4 ,all att5tion is conc5trat$ ^u ! place ( ! wor%ip ( ,god1 & ! hol9ess :i* is to be *>act]i/ic ( t place4 ,by ?us keep+ ! ,temple holy1 ?r\gh sep>at+ x f ! body ( ! ,city & its secul> life1 ! ,prophet atta9s no d\bt ! end he has 9 view1 b he also1 ( necessity1 ?\gh probably un9t5tionally1 leaves ! sugge/ion t ! secul> life itself _c be :olly consecrat$4 ,9 %>p contra/ ) ?is is ,/4 ,john's picture 9 ! ,book ( ,revelation2 "h !re is no specific place ( wor%ip at all1 = ! :ole ,city is ! ,temple ( ,god2 m ?an t1 ! :ole ,city is ! v ,holy ( ,holies1 = x is describ$ z be+ a p]fect cube1 & ! ,holy ( ,holies 9 ,solomon's ,temple 0 a p]fect cube4 ,& ! city lie? f\r squ>e1 & ! l5g? !re( is z great z ! bread?3 & he measur$ ! city ) ! re$1 twelve ?\s& furlongs2 ! l5g? & ! bread? & ! height !re( are equal4 ,& he measur$ ! wall !re(1 & x 0 "o hundr$ & =ty & f\r cubits4 ,rev4 xxi1 #af1 #ag4 ,! ,city ?us corresponds 9 symbolic =m ) ! ,holy ( ,holies4 ,x is become ! dwell+ place ( ,god4 ,no special %r9e is ne$$1 no place to :i* m5 draw ap>t1 because _! :ole life is an act ( wor%ip1 & ,god dwells among !m 9 _! daily activities4 ,!re is "o feature ab\t ?is ,heav5ly ,city1 :i* is obscur$ ?r\gh ! use ( ! old t]ms ( measurem5t1 = ?is cube is describ$ z be+ #a1ejj miles high1 #a1ejj miles broad1 & #a1ejj miles long2 b ! wall :i* /&s = def5ce aga9/ foes )\t & = ! conta9m5t & ord] ( ! life )91 & inde$ repres5ts 9 g5]al ! pr9ciple ( organisation--! wall is only #baf feet high2 s small a ?+ is ord] 9 comp>ison ) ! life :i* x safegu>ds4 ,x is betwe5 ^? two poles1 :i* are set = u z ! extreme t]ms 9 a process1 t ! ,*ur* mu/ live its life4 ,!re is tru? 9 bo? ( !m4 ,we 7 consid]+ 9 ! la/ lecture ju/ice & lib]ty1 :i* are ! supreme a*ievem5ts ( ! ,national ,/ate4 ,let u to-day consid] ! ,hol9ess & ,ca?olicity1 :i* are ! supreme treasures ( ! ,*ur*4 ,hol9ess mu/ come fir/1 ,hol9ess :i* means absolute con=mity to ! w ( ,god4 ,:atev] ob/acles !re may be to ov]come1 :atev] s$uctions to avoid1 ! ,*ur* is to rema9 absolutely devot$ to ! ,div9e ,w4 ,only s c x be ca?olic or univ]sal4 ,x might = a mom5t a*ieve an all-embrac+ unity by giv+ up ev]y?+ t is (f5sive to m51 & ga!r+ all )9 x "u ! gl[ ( a com=table s5tim5t2 b !n its life w\ld be gone1 & aft] a little :ile ! m5 :o _h all become memb]s ( x w\ld be j z ?\gh !y _h n4 ,only a ,*ur* :i* is p]fectly loyal to ! ,w ( ,god1 c possibly be ! home = all mank9d4 ,b ,hol9ess has always _h two mean+s--an outw>d & an inw>d1 a c]emonial & a moral4 ,we %all agree1 ,i suppose1 9 say+ t ! outw>d & c]emonial is 9 itself ( no consequ5ce1 & exi/s only 9 ord] to pres]ve & make possible ! inw>d & spiritual con=mity to ,god's ,w2 b = t purpose1 z all human exp]i5ce has always %[n1 x is q indisp5sable4 ,we are made ( bodies z well z s\ls1 & if our :ole be+ is to be p]meat$1 !re mu/ be bodily expression ( t :i* our s\ls enjoy or ne$4 ,we mu/ wor%ip ) our bodies z well z ) our s\ls4 ,s ,/4 ,paul1 aft] all 8 emphasis ^u ! _s z aga9/ dead works1 beg9s 8 practical exhortation ) ! words1 ,i besee* y1 !re=e1 bre?r51 by ! m]cies ( ,god to pres5t y\r bodies a liv+ sacrifice4 ,! physical & bodily expression is always necess>y1 9 ?is human life ( ours1 to ! full efficacy & to ! survival ?r\gh ! ages ( ! spiritual1 ?\gh ?is no d\bt is alone ( ultimate consequ5ce4 ,rom4 xii1 #a4 ,if ! ,*ur* is to ma9ta9 its ,hol9ess1 x mu/ ( necessity be to "s ext5t sep>at$ f ! _w2 x _c mix z a ,*ur* 9 all worldly activities4 ,x _c simply set itself out to p]meate ! g5]al life ( m51 ma9ta9+ no?+ t is sep>ate & ap>t = itself4 ,if x does t1 x w simply be lo/ 9 ! g5]al life ( ! _w4 ,9 ! la/ resort our *>act]s dep5d almo/ entirely ^u ! influ5ces t play ^u !m 9 our environm5t2 ! "o place :]e we h effective *oice is 9 det]m9+ ! influ5ces to :i* we w submit ourselves4 ,if !re is no place 9 our society1 or 9 ! _w1 :]e m5 may c\nt ^u f9d+ ! p[] ( ,god 9 purity1 !n m5 w inevitably fail to rise above t sort ( "*1 :i* _! worldly environm5t happ5s to be =m+ 9 !m4 ,! ,*ur* !n1 precisely 9 ord] to d ?is "w 9 ! _w1 mu/ keep itself 9 "s s5se sep>ate f ! _w2 b ! va/ majority ( its memb]s are p 9 ! daily life ( ! _w1 pursu+ _! avocations !re2 & x w\ld pla9ly be :olly disa/r\s to require t all ,*ri/ian p1 9 virtue ( _! ,*ri/ianity1 %\ld )draw !mselves f ! ord9>y conc]ns ( m54 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no means by :i* ?is sep>at5ess ( ! ,*ur* c be a*iev$ unless !re are c]ta9 p]sons set ap>t to be repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur*1 & ( ! ,*ur* only2 & :o1 because !y are (ficial repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur* are !reby depriv$ ( ! "r to take "p 9 _m worldly activities1 ?\gh ^! 9 !mselves are "r en\gh4 ,x is n because !y are m truly memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ?an o!rs1 nor because !re is a diff]5t moral /&>d = cl]gy & laity1 b because 9 ! :ole life ( ! ,*ur* !re are c]ta9 functions :i* are incompatible ) o!rs1 j z 9 ! ,/ate a man _c be at ! same "t an advocate & a judge1 or comm&]-9-*ief & ambassador4 ,?us1 = example1 z x seems to me1 "o :o is call$ to be a prie/ ( ! ,*ur*1 inevitably =feits ! "r to take "p 9 ! hurly-burly ( p>ty politics2 p>tly because1 9 a _w :i* consi/s ( _m p>ties1 he is responsible = br++ be=e m5 ! claim ( ,god to :i* all ! p>ties ought to b[2 p>tly also because a man's activities inevitably affect ! quality ( 8 own m9d1 & if we are to be z x 7 repositories ( ! ,et]nal tru?s1 if we are to h ready = disp5sation all ! treasures :i* ,god commits to ,8 ,*ur*1 we ne$ a type ( m9d :i* _c1 at lea/ by mo/ m51 be ma9ta9$1 if we are engag$ 9 heat$ controv]sy & frequ5t debate4 ,ano!r example may be f\nd 9 ! "q :e!r a prie/ %\ld s]ve z a combatant 9 8 c\ntry's army4 ,he is call$ to repres5t ! ,*ur*2 & ! ,*ur* is ess5tially1 n accid5tally1 int]national2 x is n int]national m]ely z a sci5tific society may be1 9 t x is n conc]n$ ) political fronti]s & m5 ( all nations are welcome )9 x2 b x is int]national 9 ! s5se t x exi/s to b9d ! nations ( ! e>? 9 "o4 ,! (fic] ( su* a society may be z patriotic 9 8 feel+ z anyone else1 b1 j because he is an (ficial1 = him to take positive action on "o side ( ! o!r weak5s ! ,*ur*'s int]national position1 & is1 !re=e1 a m s]i\s act ?an x is 9 ! case ( ! layman4 ,"h aga9 !re are n two /&>ds1 b !re are div]se circum/ances4 ,if ! ,*ur* call$ on all its memb]s to refuse to s]ve1 ! result w\ld be to int]f]e ) ! fre$om ( ! ,/ate to act 9 its own sph]e2 if x all[s ev]yone to s]ve1 x is depriv$ ( its ,ca?olic witness j :5 t is mo/ vitally ne$$4 ,! only way ( do+ ju/ice to ! legitimate claims ( bo? nationalism & ,ca?olicity1 is to diff]5tiate betwe5 p]sons2 & !re is no practicable or ev5 s5sible way ( do+ ?is except to make ! ,*ur*'s (fic]s responsible = ! ,ca?olic witness & its lay1 or un(ficial1 memb]s = ! national4 ,b does ?is n involve ! dang] ( a prie/ly ca/e8 ,yes1 no d\bt x does2 b !re are two ways 9 :i* we may avoid fall+ into t dang]4 ,! fir/ is p]petually to rememb] t m5 are call$ by ,god to ! diff]5t k9ds ( "w :i* ,he has = !m to d2 & we %all avoid unctu\sness1 :i* is no d\bt :at m5 mo/ dread ab\t a prie/ly ca/e1 if we keep x p]petually 9 our m9d t we are n p]sonally holy because our call+ is4 ,we are entru/$ ) ?is great *>ge4 ,we h to fulfil x4 ,x is our "w = ,him4 ,b !re are ^? :om ,he calls to s]ve ,him z politicians & z soldi]s2 if !y d _! "w z 9 ,8 sight1 & to ,8 glory1 !y are s]v+ ,him e bit z mu* z we are4 ,all ! "w ( all ! k9ds ( m5 is ne$$ 9 ! _w1 & x is only if we suppose t we are made m holy because our call+ is conc]n$ ) ! specifically holy ?+s t we %all fall be=e t dang]4 ,& ! o!r safegu>d1 p>adoxical z x may s\nd1 is a v complete specialis$ tra9+4 ,"o ( ! reasons1 ,i am q sure1 :y lay p (t5 f9d u r /ilt$ & uncong5ial is because we h n secur$ a suffici5t grasp ^u :at is our own special subject to feel full lib]ty 9 conv]sation & to speak naturally4 ,we are p]petually wond]+ at :at po9t we %all be sudd5ly compromis+ t = :i* we are responsible4 ,we t5d to utt] 7& ev5 to hold7 m]ely conv5tional op9ions & to express ourselves only 9 ! /]eotyp$ phrases1 because we h n suffici5t grasp ( spiritual & moral tru? to tru/ ourselves 9 =m+ individual op9ions1 or 9 f9d+ our own language = express+ ! op9ions :i* we =m4 ,precisely 9 ! degree 9 :i* we "k our own "w & h full possession ( :at is entru/$ to u1 %all we obta9 lib]ty & ease ( mann]1 & be 9 g5]al behavi\r j l o!r p1 :i* is :at we ought mo/ to desire4 ,/ill x is 9 ! p]son ( its prie/s t ! ,*ur* mu/ ma9ta9 t outw>d hol9ess1 t sep>ation f ! _w1 :i* alone makes possible a conc5tration ^u ?+s div9e2 & )\t ?is conc5tration x c nev] become a ca?olic or univ]sal body4 ,univ]sal1 "h does n1 ( c\rse1 mean all-inclusive4 ,!re are ^? :o def9itely & delib]ately reject ! claim ( ,*ri/1 & ^? h nev] be5 submitt$ 9 any way to ,8 influ5ce4 ,! unbaptiz$ hea!n are n memb]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 & if !y refuse ! ,gospel :5 x comes1 !y rema9 outside4 ,moreov]1 z we h se51 !re is possible a vici\s z well z a holy ca?olicity4 ,!re is no?+ s s$uctive z ! temptation to suppose t doctr9e :i* evokes a response is on t acc\nt true1 or p>ticul>ly to be emphasis$4 ,sometimes p dislike ! tru?4 ,!re are p :o are ali5at$ by x2 & ! attractiv5ess ( our gospel to p1 irrespective ( _! frame ( m9d1 is no evid5ce ( its div9ity4 ,!re is a picture 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t :]e ,moses ! ,prophet is ap>t ^u ! m\nta9 top1 commun+ ) ,god1 :ile at ! foot ( ! m\nta91 ,a>on1 ! (ficial prie/1 is m9i/]+ to ! p ! k9d ( religion !y l4 ,he 0 enc\rag+ !m1 z ! ,psalmi/ satirically says1 to wor%ip3 ! similitude ( ! calf t eate? hay4 ,!re 0 no?+ v dignifi$ ab\t x4 ,b x 0 :at ! p lik$2 & ! response to 8 m9i/rations 0 imm$iate & imm5se4 ,our task is to lay hold1 s f> z we may 9 our inf9ite feebl5ess1 ( ! tru? t 0 giv5 to ! _w 9 ,*ri/ 9 all its /]nness z well z its love--or r 9 t /]nness :i* is an ess5tial "p ( its love2 & ?is is :at we mu/ pres5t to m54 ,aga91 x is n 9 proportion to _! virtue 9 ! ord9>y moral s5se t m5 are drawn to ! ,*ur*2 x is 9 proportion to _! consci\s ne$ ( ,god4 ,x is p]haps wor? :ile j n[ especially to emphasise ! p]il ( a fai?less virtue1 & ! dep? ( error involv$ 9 any attempt to take = ! basis ( a ,*ur* ! religion ( all good m54 ,:at w happ5 to a man :o sets 8 ef=t ^u ! build+ up ( 8 :ole "* accord+ to an e?ical ideal8 ,"o ( two ?+s4 ,ei!r he may 9 "p succe$1 p]haps z mu* z he himself desires to succe$1 & !n he may become self-satisfi$ & a ,ph>isee2 or else he w f9d himself ei!r fail+ altoge!r1 or1 hav+ succe$$ 9 "p1 incapable ( c>ry+ ! success to its full completion1 & n kn[+ :]e to f9d ! p[] t w take him fur!r2 & s he ends 9 despair4 ,no1 ! appeal ( ! ,*ur*1 z univ]sal1 is simply t x has )9 x t :i* answ]s ! real & deepe/ ne$ ( e human be+4 ,!re ev]yone w f9d 8 home1 :5 once he has f\nd 8 ne$ ( ,god1 if inde$ ! ,*ur* is holy4 ,& ?is is also its di/9ction f ! sects2 = x endeav\rs to uphold ! entire body ( ! tru?1 e p>ticle ( x t may be ( s]vice to anyone4 ,i suppose !re are v few ( u to :om ! :ole ( ! ,cre$ is a liv+ reality4 ,we may believe x all1 b :at we live by is usually a small "p ( x1 & x is a diff]5t "p ) diff]5t p]sons4 ,! ess5ce ( sect>ianism1 z ,i und]/& x1 is ! ga!r+ toge!r ( ^? p :o live by ! same "p ( ! ,cre$1 9 ord] t1 l m+l+ ) l1 !y may develop a great int5sity & f]v\r ( devotion4 ,= a mom5t1 inde$1 !y may be f> m effective ?an ! great body ( ! ,*ur*1 & yet !y _c become univ]sal4 ,!re is some?+ lack+ f :at !y uphold1 :i* someone ne$s4 ,! aim ( ! ,*ur* is to be univ]sal "h also1 & to uphold ! entire body ( ! tru?1 pres5t+ x 9 its entirety1 ev5 ?\gh ! prie/ :o is call$ ^u to fulfil t (fice ( pres5t+ x to ! p may himself be actually liv+ by ! sl5d]e/ portion ( x4 ,no d\bt we %all pres5t mo/ =cibly t "p ( ! :ole tru? :i* is mo/ real to ourselves2 & = t reason1 if no o!r1 we ought to try our utmo/ to ga9 a p]sonal appreh5sion ( ! :ole4 ,b m5's spiritual diseases are ( _m k9ds1 & all ! heal+ tru?s mu/ be (f]$ by ! ,*ur* 9 :i* all m5 are to f9d life4 ,?is is a description ( ,sect>ianism1 n ( any p>ticul> ,d5om9ation4 ,we are all infect$ ) ! sect>ian _s4 ,9 _m respects ,rome is f> m sect>ian ?an ! great ,presbyt]ian bodies 9 ,scotl&4 ,) all its faults ,i s9c]ely believe t ! ,anglican ,communion is1 9 _s1 m ( a ,*ur* & less ( a sect ?an any o!r body4 ,b !n x conta9s sev]al sects )9 itself1 bo? ,high1 ,broad1 & ,l[4 ,! tru? :i* x ?us pres5ts1 ! ,*ur* believes to be ! gift ( ,god4 ,?is above all is ! idea :i* x tries to safegu>d by ! outw>d signs ( regul> ord]s & sacram5ts4 ,our belief ab\t ! communion s]vice is t !re ,*ri/ comes to u j z once ! et]nal ,^w1 :i* 0 pres5t ) all ,8 creation1 none ! less came 9 full manife/ation "u ! limitations ( "t & space at a p>ticul> mom5t & 9 a p>ticul> c\ntry4 ,s 9 ! communion ! ,div9e pres5ce :i* fills ! :ole _w 7,heav5 & e>? are full ( ,8 glory1 z we say 9 ! s]vice itself7 is (f]$ to u1 & draws ne> to u2 & t n because ( any virtue 9 u2 x 0 :ile we 7 yet s9n]s t ,*ri/ came & di$2 x is :ile we are yet s9n]s t ,*ri/ (f]s ,himself to u2 & x is z gu>d+ aga9/ any conception t we c det]m9e h[ ,he %all come1 or :5 & :]e1 & t we c1 z x 71 manufacture ,8 pres5ce 9 our own way1 t ! ,*ur* ma9ta9s ) ! utmo/ emphasis ! ord] t is necess>y = t s]vice4 ,x is to pres]ve ! conception ( spiritual life z a gift ( ,god1 & ( ! ,*ur* z ! society :i* recognises & receives x z su* a gift1 9 di/9ction f a mutual b5efit society organis$ = ! edification ( its own memb]s1 t ! ,*ur* insi/s ^u ! due ord] ( its adm9i/ration2 & x is ?r\gh conc5tration ^u ?is idea ( hol9ess1 & all t x ought to mean 9 our p]sonal lives1 t we c make our greate/ contribution t[>ds br++ into exi/5ce aga9 a real ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 a ,*ur* :i* %all g5u9ely include all ! p]sons :o believe 9 ,*ri/ 9 "o ord] & fell[%ip4 ,! fir/ & indisp5sable condition ( re-union is full] d$ication to ! w ( ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ,we %all be unit$ to "o ano!r :5 we are all truly unit$ to ,him4 ,b1 if t "w is to be accompli%$1 we %all also ne$ wisdom1 9 ord] rightly to c\nt]act ! effects alike ( folly & ( s9 9 ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*2 & "h e man mu/ be will+ to make :at sugge/ions he c1 m]ely submitt+ !m = acceptance or rejection by ! :ole body ( ! ,*ur*2 because unless p are prep>$ to speak ( ! problem z !y see x1 leav+ ! f9al judgm5t to be =m$ by ! body ( :i* !y are memb]s1 !re is no hope ( our mak+ any progress at all4 ,i w !re=e1 v5ture to sugge/ to y six pr9ciples1 ^u :i*1 z my vision is at pres5t1 ,i ?9k we might come ne> to agreem5t among ourselves2 & if we %\ld agree ^u !m1 !n we c\ld (f] ^! or :atev] modifications ( ^! ! ,*ur* ?9ks fit1 to ^? bodies :i* are at pres5t 9 sep>ation f u4 ,i4--,fir/1 :at d we mean by ! ,*ur*8 ,ideally & 9 its et]nal reality x is ! ,body & ,bride ( ,*ri/1 ! in/rum5t ( ,8 w & ! object ( ,8 love1 wor?y z bo?4 ,b 9 ! process ( "t & ^u ! /age ( ?is _w1 :at are we go+ to mean by x1 & :o are we go+ to acc\nt its memb]s8 ,:5 p beg9 to ?9k ( ?is "q1 !y always />t ) v>i\s en?usia/ic s*emes4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* are ! p :o h fai?1 or ! p :o are consci\s ( ! ne$ ( p>don1 & ! l2 b all ( ?is breaks d[n because y c nev] tell :o ^! p are4 ,we mu/ h "s p]fectly pla9 outw>d sign if ! ,*ur* is to be an op]ative ag5cy 9 ?is _w2 & y w f9d1 ,i ?9k1 t !re is none :i* y c rea* except t x is ! fell[%ip ( ! baptiz$4 ,baptism is ! ,"l's own appo9t$ way by :i* m5 %\ld be receiv$ 9 ! fell[%ip ( ,8 disciples4 ,we mu/ take t z our basis4 ,x is no bus9ess ( ours to pron\nce judgm5t ^u ! spiritual /ate ( o!r p]sons4 ,we %all ?ank ,god = e sign ( ! ,*ri/ian virtues & graces %[n 9 o!r p]sons :o h n be5 br\ght to baptism2 we may believe t !y are memb]s ( ! ,*ur* 9 heav52 b /ill1 ,i w\ld submit1 we mu/ say = all purposes ( practical work+1 t ! ,*ur* on e>? is ! fell[%ip ( ! baptiz$4 ,,ii4--,t fell[%ip exi/s 9 fragm5ts & sections4 ,:at is ! peculi> m>k ( our fragm5t8 ,?is is au?oritatively def9$ = u 9 ! ,lambe? ,quadrilat]al1 b our special "* may be express$ briefly by say+ t we are tru/ees = ! ,ca?olic ord]1 :o yet reject :at seem to u ! accretions :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,rome upholds4 7a7 ,! ,holy ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 z conta9+ all ?+s necess>y to ,salvation1 & z be+ ! rule & ultimate /&>d ( fai?4 7b7 ,! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 z ! ,baptismal ,symbol2 & ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 z ! suffici5t /atem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 7c7 ,! two ,sacram5ts orda9$ by ,*ri/ ,himself--,baptism & ! ,supp] ( ! ,"l--m9i/]$ ) unfail+ use ( ,*ri/'s words ( in/itution1 & ( ! elem5ts orda9$ by ,him4 7d7 ,! ,hi/oric ,episcopate1 locally adapt$ 9 ! me?ods ( its adm9i/ration to ! v>y+ ne$s ( ! nations & peoples call$ ( ,god into ! ,unity ( ,8 ,*ur*4 ,n[ "s su* ord] z t :i* we ma9ta91 is necess>y1 z x seems to me1 to ! fulfilm5t ( ! duty ( *>ity4 ,i hope ,i am n unfair to ^? :o are sep>at$ f u1 & are influ5c$ by ! ideals ( ,puritanism2 b x has seem$ to me t _! discipl9e is n always *>itable4 ,inde$1 a ,*ur* mu/ ei!r excommunicate freely or else possess a recognis$ ord] if x is to avoid becom+ indi/+ui%able f ! _w ab\t x2 if x is to be bo? holy & a fri5d ( s9n]s x mu/ h an ord]4 ,! ord] :i* we ma9ta9 is simply t :i* has come d[n to u z ! actual ord] ( hi/oric ,*ri/5dom4 ,,iii4--,?irdly1 ,i w\ld submit t ! ,body ) its ord]s is a liv+ :ole1 & t x is illegitimate to discuss su* a "q z ! validity ( ,ord]s out ( all relation to ! hi/oric life ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! "q ( ,ord]s mu/ be consid]$ 9 relation to ! :ole life ( ! ,body ( :i* !y are an organic "p4 ,see ,app5dix ,,iv4 ,on ,ord]s & ,ca?olicity4 ,?us1 if we take ! fam\s ,quadrilat]al z our />t+ po9t1 a body :i* /&s by ! ,canonical ,scriptures1 ! ,cre$s & ! two great ,sacram5ts1 ?\gh n uphold+ ! episcopal succession1 is clos] to ! ideal ?an "o :i* is indiff]5t to any ( ^! ?ree z well z to ! succession2 x has ma9ta9$ _m ( ! 7ex hypo!si7 ess5tial features ( a true ,*ur*2 x approximates to ! complete requirem5t4 ,moreov]1 )9 ! field ( ! problem ( ,ord]s1 !re are degrees ( approximation2 x is g5]ally consid]$ t an agreem5t betwe5 ! ,anglican & ,presbyt]ian communions c\ld be f> m easily rea*$ ?an betwe5 ! ,anglican & "s o!r ,prote/ant bodies4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 avoid two k9dr$ errors4 ,"o is to set up ! abrupt dilemma--,ei!r a true ,*ur* or n1 & ! o!r is to reg>d ! possession ( valid ,ord]s z be+ ! "o & only condition ( ! ,ca?olicity ( ! body possess+ !m4 ,! ,*ur* ,visible _c be id5tical ) ! ,*ur* ,invisible2 x is its sacram5t4 ,& ! "q resolves itself into "o conc]n+ ! degree ( adequacy ) :i* x expresses1 & !reby ma9ta9s ?r\gh ! ages1 ! fulness ( ! tru?4 ,our actual divisions 9 ! ,we/ date f ! ,re=mation4 ,no "o disputes t ! ,*ur* j be=e t "t 0 corrupt to a horrible degree4 ,x is possible to hold t ! corruption c\ld h be5 purg$ away )\t s*ism if ! re=m]s _h be5 :olly free f pride & impati5ce2 ,i see no means ( rea*+ a s\nd judgm5t on su* a po9t2 b at lea/ x w\ld seem t ! guilt = ! great division 0 z mu* 9 ,ca?olics z 9 ,prote/ants4 ,9 s f> z !re really 0 necessity ( *oos+ betwe5 moral purity ) s*ism on ! "o h&1 & organic unity ) sales ( indulg5ces & ! l on ! o!r1 !re c be no d\bt :i* ! :ole tea*+ ( ,*ri/ requir$ ,8 foll[]s to *oose4 ,i w h m]cy & n sacrifice2 ! ,sabba? 0 made = man1 n man = ! ,sabba?2 yet ! ,sabba? & ! sacrifice 7 ( ,div9e appo9tm5t4 ,if !n a fragm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 confront$ z x believes1 ) su* a *oice1 breaks (f & organises itself afre%1 int5d+ to ma9ta9 9 purity all ! ,*ur*'s life & means ( grace1 ,i _c ass]t t x is = all its g5]ations depriv$ ( ,*ri/'s sacram5tal pres5ce4 ,b assur$ly ! loss ( ! cont9u\s ord] :i* s impressively symbolises ! ,div9e orig9 ( ! ,*ur* & ( its ,sacram5ts t5ds to und]m9e ! int5tion to pres]ve ! :ole tru? & to obscure belief 9 x4 ,= ,ord]s1 z we und]/& !m1 are ! pl$ge ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur* across all space & ?r\gh all "t1 s t ! prie/ :o celebrates1 does s z ! organ & in/rum5t ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 & ! congregation at e ,eu*>i/ is n ! few p]sons ga!r$ toge!r 9 t build+1 b ,angels & ,ar*angels & all ! company ( ,heav51 ) :om we jo9 9 pray] & wor%ip4 ,,iv4--,consonantly ) ?is ,i w\ld come to my f\r? pr9ciple--t ! :ole "q ( ,ord]s & ,sacram5ts mu/ be consid]$ 9 ref]5ce to ! ,*ur*'s life ?r\gh ! ages1 & n ) direct ref]5ce to ! gift receiv$ by any individual at any giv5 s]vice4 ,h[ are we to secure 7?is is our problem7 t f g5]ation to g5]ation m5 %all cont9ue to feel t 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,holy ,communion ,*ri/ comes to !m z by ,8 own appo9tm5t1 & !y h only to be ready to meet ) ,him2 & t 9 meet+ ) ,him !y are unit$ ) ! :ole ,*ur* 9 ! ,holy ,communion1 ! ,communion ( ,sa9ts8 ,i believe t ! cont9u$ recitation ( ! ,cre$s 9 our own & o!r bran*es ( ! ,*ur* is ! ma9 safegu>d1 n only = ourselves b also = ^? :o d n say ! ,cre$s1 aga9/ t comb9ation ( ,pelagianism & ,unit>ianism to :i* m5 always t5d to drift2 simil>ly ,i c conceive t1 j because we uphold ! full conception ( sacram5tal wor%ip1 o!rs are enabl$ to receive sacram5tal grace at _! communions4 ,x may be s2 ,i "k n4 ,( c\rse x _c be receiv$ if x is n !re2 b ev5 if x is !re1 its full b5efit w n be enjoy$ except by ^? :o believe 9 its full p[]4 ,two m5 may /& opposite ! same picture2 bo? see ! same l9es & col\rs1 ! accid5ts2 b x may be t only "o sees ! arti/ic reality or sub/ance--! ,beauty--:ile ! o!r is bl9d to x4 ,b ! man :o f9ds x does n put x !re2 ! arti/ put x !re2 & if he _h n done s no "o c\ld f9d x !re2 s too ! reality ( ! ,sacram5t is ! "w ( ,god4 ,b our fruition ( x dep5ds on our fai?1 & ev5 on ! exact cont5t ( our fai?4 ,n[ ,i d n = a mom5t believe t t fai? 9 ! full doctr9e ( sacram5tal grace c survive ?r\gh ! c5turies1 if x is once sep>at$ f ! :ole ord] :i* expresses x4 ,!re=e1 :ile ,i am n entitl$ to d5y1 z ,i am equally n conc]n$ to ass]t1 t ! memb]s ( o!r d5om9ations at _! communion s]vice receive ! same gift t we d2 /ill ,i say t z tru/ees = ! ,ca?olic ord]1 & consid]+ ! matt] 9 ! light ( ! c5turies1 we h no "r to sacrifice any ( ^? means by :i* ?is full doctr9e has be5 giv5 to u1 & by :i* p]haps x has be5 also pres]v$ = !m4 ,v4--,fif?ly1 ,i w\ld sugge/ t 9 any s*eme = practical reunion no man mu/ be requir$ to repudiate 8 own spiritual ance/ry4 ,aft] all1 if ! ,*ur* is ! fell[%ip ( ! baptiz$1 !n our bre?r5 ( ! sep>ation1 z we sometimes call !m1 are memb]s ( ! ,*ur*2 b !y are n memb]s ( our bran* ( ! ,*ur*2 & _! fai? is corporate & active 9 _! memb]%ip ( _! own bodies2 consequ5tly we are b\nd to hold t !y & _! bodies are p>ts ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ?is "t ( ! division--! division :i* is due to s94 ,if x is true t x 0 l>gely1 & p]haps ma9ly1 ! fault ( ! m$ieval ,*ur* t ! split became a necessity2 if x is true t x 0 p>tly1 & p]haps ma9ly1 ! fault ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& t ! ,wesleyan movem5t 7= example7 ev] broke (f1 because we refus$ to make room = :at 0 9 its e>ly /ages mo/ und\bt$ly a movem5t ( ! ,_s ( ,god 9 ! _w1 !n we h no "r to condemn ^? :o by reason ( our s91 at lea/ z mu* z _! own1 are outside our fell[%ip2 & we mu/ recognise t1 j z 9 ,/4 ,paul's argum5t ab\t ! true ,israel1 bl9dness 9 "p happ5$ to ,israel1 & s ,god us$ ! ,g5tiles to provoke !m to jeal\sy--s bl9dness 9 "p happ5$ to ,ca?olicism1 & ,god is us+ ! ,prote/ant bodies to provoke u to jeal\sy4 ,we mu/1 ,i believe1 ma9ta9 t our ord] is = u ! only possible ord] = ! reunit$ ,*ur*4 ,b ord] is n ev]y?+4 ,! wall ( ! ,holy ,city is m9ute4 ,:5 ! "t = reunion comes1 we mu/ insi/ ^u our own "p ( ! tru? 9 su* a way z to avoid all condemnation ( o!r bodies = hav+ be5 sep>at$ dur+ ?is "t--at lea/1 all condemnation :i* we d n pron\nce q equally ^u ourselves4 ,:at has happ5$ 9 ! divisions ( ! ,*ur* is a sev]ance f "o ano!r ( elem5ts :i* are e "o ( !m necess>y to ! heal?y life ( ! ,body4 ,if "o set ( p c\ld only get dry food & no dr9k1 & ano!r set c\ld only get dr9k & no food1 nei!r w\ld be heal?y4 ,!y w\ld h to comb9e _! /ores be=e heal? 0 possible4 ,ca?olics h pres]v$ p]haps a full] s5se ( wor%ip & ( ! gifts ( ,god2 ,prote/ants h p]haps a tru] zeal = righte\sness & a m intimate access to ,god 9 pray]4 ,let u n judge ! pa/2 ,god w judge4 ,b let u recognise our ne$ ( "o ano!r & accept f ea* o!r ! positive tru? & life :i* ,god has giv5 to ei!r4 ,,vi4--,mean:ile1 9 ! "t ( ! division1 diff]5t bodies h develop$ diff]5t types ( religi\s life4 ,!re is a weal? ( spiritual activity 9 ! _w n[ su* z x is difficult to imag9e "u a rigidly unit$ ,*ur*2 b we c easily pres]ve t if we are ready t !re %\ld be )9 ! ,unit$ ,ca?olic ,*ur* diff]5t ,ord]s--an ,ord] ( ,/4 ,george ,fox = example1 te/ify+ to ! great ideal :i* ,*ri/ br\ght into ! _w1 n z ,i ?9k1 & z ,i h already expla9$1 ! "r ideal to be foll[$ by all m5 9 all sorts ( circum/ances1 b und\bt$ly ! "o me?od by :i* 9 ! end ! "w ( ,god c be f9ally accompli%$1 & = te/imony to :i* ,i believe "s m51 & inde$ ! :ole ,society ( ,fri5ds1 are ev5 n[ call$ by ,god4 ,also !re may well be an ,ord] ( ,/4 ,john ,wesley1 insi/+ m especially ^u ! ne$ ( individual conv]sion1 :i* ! ,*ur*1 z a va/ organisation conc]n$ ) _w movem5ts1 is p]petually tempt$ to leave too mu* on "o side4 ,^! ,ord]s c q well gov]n !mselves to a v l>ge ext5t1 & ord] _! wor%ip 9 v _m ways1 j z is ! case 9 ! ,ord]s famili> 9 ! m$ieval ,*ur*1 & 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome at ?is "t4 ,^! are ! pr9ciples :i* ,i w\ld v5ture to submit4 ,probably n "o ( !m w w9 univ]sal ass5t ev5 9 our own communion4 ,b amid all our amiable s5tim5ts x is "t = somebody to say some?+ def9ite1 or z def9ite z ! complexity ( ! problem all[s4 ,9 criticis+ & reject+ individual utt]ances we may at la/ rea* a corporate m9d4 ,b let me add "o p>ticul> w>n+ ab\t ! way we g3 = 9 my own m9d ,i am q sure t ! ,communion is j ! place :]e we ne$ to be divid$ until our unity is real4 ,p say ,h[ t]rible to be sep>at$ !re4 ,yes1 t]rible inde$6 ,x is ! measure ( ! s9 ( s*ism4 ,b we mu/ n try to escape ! consequ5ces ( ! s9 until we h got rid ( ! s9 itself4 ,i say no?+ ( ! problem ( ! mission field or ( ! possibility ( exceptional occasions4 ,b ,i am q sure t 9 normal ,*ur* life1 :]e all p h access to _! own s]vices1 int]communion c only be disa/r\s1 z t5d+ to obscure ! ne$ = real unity1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! v>i\s excell5ces ^: comb9ation is to be desir$4 ,x mu/ ( c\rse be recognis$ t ! problem ( int]communion 9 ! mission field is ( urg5t practical importance4 ,on ! pres5t situation1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury's /atem5t1 ,kikuyu4 ,b let u come back to :at aft] all is ! only true gu>antee & ! only condition ( reunion--! a*ievem5t ( hol9ess2 t hol9ess ne$s1 z we h se51 to be safegu>d$1 & ! safegu>d+ ( x is peculi>ly entru/$ to u1 ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:at ne$ !n = p]sonal d$ication6 ,= ^u ! degree 9 :i* we are :olly giv5 to our "w dep5ds 9 l>ge measure ! "t :5 ,god w reunite ,8 ,*ur*4 ,we keep sep>ate ev5 f _m "r activities1 b only 9 ord] to keep pure t _s by :i* we are to p]meate ! :ole life ( ! _w1 br++ x to be>1 s f> z we are able 9 our deta*m5t1 ^u e sort ( problem1 private or public--indu/rial1 comm]cial1 political1 int]national--till at la/ ! :ole _w is gov]n$ by t _s1 & !re is no ne$ = sep>ation any m nor = any special place ( wor%ip nor special ord] ( religi\s m9i/]s2 = !n ! _w & ! ,*ur* w be indi/+ui%able 9 ! ,holy ,city ( ,god1 :]e9 is no temple1 because ! ,"l ,god ,almighty & ! ,lamb are ! temple ( x4 99,,lecture ,v99 99,,! ,,citiz5%ip ,,( ,,heav599 ,our citiz5%ip is 9 heav54--,philippians iii4 #bj4 ,he t ha? se5 me ha? se5 ! ,fa!r4--,s4 ,john xiv4 #i4 ,we h consid]$ 9 outl9e ! functions ( ! ,/ate & ( ! ,*ur*1 ! two great in/rum5ts ( ,god = ! fur!r+ ( ,8 k+dom4 ,let u n[ turn to consid]1 /ill 9 m]e outl9e1 = no?+ m is possible1 ! nature ( t ,k+dom itself4 ,!re are v _m ways 9 :i* ! subject might be approa*$1 b ,i ?9k t x w be mo/ consonant ) ! g5]al l9e ( our ?\ght 9 ^! m$itations t we %\ld consid] x z ! home ( man's _s1 ! fulfilm5t ( 8 spiritual be+4 ,& to t end1 inasmu* z ! ,k+dom c only be kn[n by liv+ accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( its citiz5%ip1 & our pres5t ef=t is by its v nature intellectual only1 we mu/ try to rea* x 9 ?\ght z ! goal t[>ds :i* ! :ole spiritual life ( man is t5d+4 ,no life c be set =? 9 sci5tific t]ms4 ,! mom5t x is analys$1 ! vitalis+ p[] is gone4 ,& ev5 ! poet1 :o has f> m *ance ?an ! logician ( mak+ u realise :at ! life signifies = ^? :o live x1 is /ill speak+ ( x f outside4 ,x is only by life itself t we c truly "k ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,we f9d1 all ?r\gh ! ,new ,te/am5t1 a contra/ drawn betwe5 e>? & heav54 ,& x is wor? :ile to consid] ! logical pr9ciple ( t contra/1 ev5 ?\gh ! result is some:at dry & b>r54 ,! place ( c>eful analysis "h is analog\s to t :i* criticism holds 9 relation to art4 ,! critical analysis ( a "w ( art w nev] ( itself enable u to appreciate x1 if we are )\t ! cultivat$ arti/ic faculty2 b x may enri* our appreciation4 ,we may !reby f9d m ?an we %\ld o!rwise h f\nd ( ! elem5ts t are comb9$ toge!r to make up ! total effect4 ,& !n 9 ! unity ( ! r5ew$ exp]i5ce we receive m enjoym5t ?an we _h done be=e4 ,s1 too1 ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 :i* = u is some?+ t we /ill hope to rea*1 & ( :i* ! =eta/e t we h z yet receiv$ is a v slight e>ne/ ( ! glory t %all be reveal$1 may be a goal m pot5t 9 its attraction to our wills1 :5 we h se5 x z ! fulfilm5t ( ! pr9ciples ( our :ole spiritual life z ^! are discov]able 9 o!r dep>tm5ts & activities4 ,! goods ( ?is _w1 z we h already notic$1 are su* t ! m "o has ! less !re is = o!rs4 ,! goods ( heav5 are ( su* a k9d t ! m "o has ! m !re is on t acc\nt = o!rs4 ,s x is ) ! true virtues ( ! spiritual life1 ) love & joy & peace1 ! fruits ( ! _s4 ,s x is too ) o!r excell5ces :i* belong to man z a spiritual be+1 & :i* are out ( ! rea* ( our animal nature3 loyalty1 beauty & k4 ,n[ ! pr9ciple ( ?is :ole spiritual life is precisely ! pr9ciple ( unity1 n z di/9ct f v>iety b z di/9ct ei!r f antagonism or transitor9ess4 ,! two ?+s t di/ress ! s\l ( man are enmities1 & ! pass+ away ( t :i* he loves4 ,x is by ris+ above ^! evils1 :i* beset u 9 ?is e>?ly /ate1 t ! satisfaction ( ! s\l is f\nd4 ,!re are f\r ma9 dep>tm5ts ( ! spiritual life :i* aspire 9 ?is way to rise above ! evils :i* beset our mortal /ate4 ,!y are ,sci5ce & ,art & ,morality & ,religion4 ,z we "k !m 9 our exp]i5ce1 !y are all ( !m due on ! human side to a dissatisfaction ) our exp]i5ce z we f9d x4 ,! sci5tific man is di/urb$ by ! app>5t *aos 9 8 exp]i5ce1 & he sets out to give ord] to x1 & he is satisfi$ 9 s f> z he discov]s t all ! :ile x 0 n *aotic1 z x seem$1 b ord]ly4 ,! arti/ is crav+ = a beauty :i*1 9 8 ord9>y exp]i5ce1 he does n f9d4 ,he selects1 he conc5trates att5tion on c]ta9 aspects1 to rea* a satisfaction :i* ! _w o!rwise seems n to give4 ,! man ( moral aspiration is dissatisfi$ ) ! _w z he sees x1 & he sets himself !re=e to alt] bo? himself & x1 t x may be modell$ m 9 accordance ) ! he>t's desire4 ,& ! religi\s man f9ds all ( ^! s\rces ( dissatisfaction work+ toge!r )9 8 s\l2 he seeks1 & 9 fai? f9ds1 t :i* gives him bo? peace & p[]4 ,let u !n beg9 ) :at is 9 itself ! lea/ ri* ( ^! =ms ( human activity1 & consid] h[ x is t ,sci5ce rea*es its unity4 ,let u fir/ recall t !re are two =ms ( multiplicity or division :i* we are seek+ to ov]come3 t :i* arises f ! cla% ( v>i\s ideals or desires1 ! antagonism ( man ) man2 & t :i* arises f ! *angeabl5ess ( ! _w z we see x4 ,) reg>d to ! latt]1 sci5ce does inde$ rea* real unities2 b !y are unities :i* leave ,"t out ( sight4 ,sometimes1 no d\bt1 ! subject matt] :i* is h&l$ is itself non-temporal1 b n 9 ! s5se ( be+ et]nal4 ,s1 = example1 geometry is entirely )\t relation to "t4 ,!re is no temporal sequ5ce betwe5 ! equality ( ! sides & ! equality ( ! angles 9 ! isosceles triangle4 ,b :]e ! subject /udi$ is some?+ t *anges 9 ,"t1 x rema9s true t ! aim ( sci5ce is to rea* an un*ang+ pr9ciple4 ,s1 = example1 ! /ud5t ( biology may be try+ to discov] ! un*ang+ pr9ciple :i* gov]ns ! successive v>iations ( species4 ,b :5 he has f\nd x he has n really ma/]$ ! transitor9ess2 he has n 9 any way ga!r$ up ! pa/ & dead into 8 pres5t exp]i5ce2 he has m]ely f\nd ! pr9ciple :i* applies to e /age z t /age comes4 ,he rea*es "s sup]iority to ! transitor9ess ( ?+s1 only by ab/ract+ f ,"t altoge!r4 ,&1 simil>ly1 ! unity betwe5 m5 :i* is produc$ by a common absorption 9 su* pursuits does n /rike v deep4 ,= a man's temp]am5t has no?+ 9 ! _w to d ) 8 sci5tific conclusions1 or at lea/ ought n to h4 ,9 ! ideal pursuit ( k1 all ( ! ?+s t set m5 at v>iance c\nt = no?+ :atev]4 ,consequ5tly ! diff]5ces1 j because !y are ignor$1 are n ov]come1 ) ! result t1 z at ! beg9n+ ( ?is w>1 we may f9d pr(essors ( ! v>i\s nations1 :o _h be5 l9k$ toge!r1 z "o might ?9k1 closely en\gh 9 ! pursuit ( k1 hurl+ manife/oes at "o ano!r across _! national fronti]s4 ,:5 we pass to ! second ( ! great dep>tm5ts1 a real progress may be not$ 9 j ^! po9ts4 ,= 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! arti/ ,"t is g5u9ely ma/]$4 ,we get "s illu/ration ( ?is f ! absorption :i* m>ks ! ae/hetic contemplation ( a picture or a /atue4 ,= ! "t t we are really held by x1 we =get ab\t "t altoge!r4 ,b ! case is cle>] ) reg>d to ^? arts :i* h&le temporal processes--music & poetry4 ,= x is ! :ole po9t1 let u say1 ( a drama1 t x %all foll[ a c]ta9 succession2 x is vital to its significance t ! sc5es %all be 9 t ord] & no o!r4 ,if y h two plays1 ea* 9 ?ree acts1 9 "o ( :i* ! fir/ act is *e]ful 9 tone1 & ! second is neutral1 & ! ?ird depress+1 :ile 9 ! o!r ! fir/ act is depress+1 ! second neutral1 & ! ?ird *e]ful1 ! total effect ( ! two plays is n ! av]age ( ! ?ree acts 9 ea* case1 :i* w\ld be neutral = bo?1 b is 9 ! "o p>ticul>ly depress+1 & 9 ! o!r p>ticul>ly *e]+4 ,= ! play is grasp$ z a :ole4 ,x makes a s+le impression1 if x is a good play4 ,we "k :at x means--n inde$ because we c /ate x 9 o!r words1 = x is ! only expression ( its own mean+2 b x has a def9ite significance = u4 ,& ! "n ( ! play comes to /& = t significance4 ,?is is especially noticeable 9 trag$y1 :]e ! ,greeks1 ) _! sure in/9ct1 *ose a /ory ^: plot is kn[n to ! spectator 9 advance1 s t we h ?r\gh\t ! play bo? ! impression ( ! entire /ory & ! p>ticul> impression ( ea* sc5e z x comes & passes4 ,x is significant t ! ,greeks did s *oose = trag$y /ories ^: plot 0 kn[n1 :ile _! com$ians inv5t$ _! own plots4 ,& mo/ w agree t we enjoy a great play bett] :5 we h read x 9 advance1 or :5 we h already se5 x on ! /age be=e2 because !n we d rea* some?+ t may s]ve p]haps z ! ne>e/ image t we c get = et]nity--a grasp ( ! :ole /ret* ( "t1 realis$ 9 its successiv5ess & 9 ! mean+ :i* t successiv5ess gives to x1 & hav+ ! s5se ( ! :ole ?r\gh\t & see+ ea* mom5t1 z x comes1 9 ! light n only ( ! pa/ b ( ! future too4 ,on ?is side1 !n1 art is able1 = ! mom5t at lea/1 & ) reg>d to a p]iod def9itely limit$ by our capacities ( compreh5sion1 to ma/] ,"t & give u a unity :i* includes its successiv5ess )9 x2 s t ! pa/1 & ev5 ! future1 are ga!r$ up into ! real exp]i5ce ( ! pres5t1 & we are n only consci\s ( :at is be=e our eyes1 b are consci\s ( x z a "p ( ! :ole to :i* x belongs4 ,9 a simil> way we notice t :ile diff]5t temp]am5ts are ne$$ = ! production ( diff]5t types ( art1 yet 9 appreciation all are unit$4 ,= example1 x w\ld be q impossible = ! great ,russian novels to be produc$ 9 any o!r c\ntry ?an ,russia2 x w\ld h be5 q impossible = ! great ,g]man philosophy to h be5 produc$ 9 any o!r nation ?an ,g]many2 x w\ld h be5 q impossible = ! great ,engli% poetry to h be5 produc$ 9 any o!r nation ?an ,engl&4 ,^! lit]atures belong to ! soil out ( :i* !y spr+4 ,b ! p ( all ! o!r nations c appreciate !m1 & all are glad because !y are diff]5t4 ,& s f> z ! arti/ic side ( our nature gov]ns our :ole be+1 x is capable ( l9k+ u toge!r 9 a real fell[%ip1 :i* includes & is bas$ ^u our diff]5ces & ! appreciation ( !m1 & is !re=e firmly root$1 because :at might h be5 ! s\rce ( antagonism is become itself ! bond ( unity4 ,b we mu/ notice t ea* ( ^! only rea*es a v provisional atta9m5t4 ,if sci5ce likes to m>k (f a c]ta9 dep>tm5t ( reality = its inve/igation1 x c rea* some?+ l f9ality conc]n+ j t dep>tm5t4 ,i suppose t me*anics is some?+ l a complete sy/em ( tru?1 s f> z ! me*anical aspect ( ?+s c be isolat$ f all o!r aspects4 ,b !n1 no?+ 9 ! _w is me*anical & only me*anical4 ,no?+ 9 ! _w is *emical & only *emical4 ,!re are always o!r qualities !re1 f :i* ab/raction has be5 made4 ,sci5ce !re=e inevitably sets be=e itself z its goal ! und]/&+ ( ! univ]se1 & x c\ld n rea* any absolute c]ta9ty conc]n+ any real fact except s f> z x _h obta9$ omnisci5ce4 ,9 ma!matics x rea*es c]ta9ty1 because 9 ma!matics ! object is :at x is def9$ to be1 & no?+ else4 ,b no giv5 mat]ial ?+ is j a triangle4 ,x may ev5 be disput$ :e!r any giv5 ?+ c be1 accord+ to ! def9ition1 a triangle at all4 ,sci5ce !n is m>k$ by a re/lessness until x rea*es ?is omnisci5ce4 ,x began :5 ! fir/ man said ,:y8 ,! mom5t t "q is ask$1 ,sci5ce is laun*$ ^u its c\rse4 ,b ! answ] to t "q m]ely prompts anyone ( sci5tific in/9cts to say ,:y8 to ! answ]4 ,:y is !re a w>8 ,hi/orical sci5ce w po9t to ! diplomatic docum5ts1 & f !m to ! c\rse ( hi/ory m\ld+ national aspiration4 ,!n if we say1 ,:y 0 ! cause ( w> su*8 ,&1 :y 7 !re su* national aspirations8 we %all f9d ourselves soon inve/igat+ ! lit]ature ( ! c\ntries & !n _! climates2 f ?is we are %ortly involv$ 9 a/ronomy & geology & all ! o!r sci5ces4 ,y c h no?+ t is f9al until y rea* omnisci5ce4 ,& s ,sci5ce moves1 p]petually say+ ,:y8 to e /atem5t t is made4 ,f> 9 ! di/ance1 9 ! inf9ite di/ance1 is its goal ( a complete satisfaction ga9$ ?r\gh und]/&+ ! univ]se 9 its entirety4 ,art c simil>ly only a*ieve a provisional atta9m5t ( its goal2 b ! atta9m5t :ile x la/s is m sub/antial4 ,its me?od1 z di/9ct f t ( sci5ce1 is m5tal re/4 ,! aim ( ! arti/ is to conc5trate att5tion ^u ! object1 hold+ x !re by v>i\s devices4 ,t is :y pictures are put into frames4 ,some?+ abruptly irrelevant1 al?\gh n discordant1 is put r\nd ! object to help u fix our m9ds ^u x4 ,t is :y poetry is writt5 9 metre4 ,! m9d is abruptly br\ght back by ! recurr5ce ( ! rhy?m or ! recurr5ce ( ! s\nd 9 rhyme1 & held )9 ! total composition4 ,we notice t x is precisely :]e ! subject matt] ( ! poem is slight t ! rhy?m ne$s to be /rongly m>k$ or ! sy/em ( rhyme complicat$2 :]e ! subject matt] itself has a /rong appeal1 any rhym+ seems to be out ( place & tiresome4 ,! aim is simply to grip ! att5tion & hold x ^u ! object & make u see x z x is2 n aft] ! fa%ion ( sci5ce1 connect+ x ) o!r ?+s1 b und]/&+ x by gett+ to "k x 9 & = itself z ?or\ghly z may be4 ,n[ 9 ?us conc5trat+ att5tion ^u "s "o object & claim+ complete absorption 9 t object1 art is implicitly claim+ to give a p]fect m5tal satisfaction & an absolute peace4 ,b x c nev] succe$ 9 t unless ! object ^u :i* x is conc5trat+ our att5tion is an adequate symbol = ! :ole tru? ( ?+s 9 :i* ! :ole ( our nature w f9d su* satisfaction4 ,?is is :y no great "w ( art ov] becomes out ( date1 :]eas ! "w ( a great sci5ti/ is always liable to d s1 because 8 successors revise x 9 ! light ( ev] wid5+ k4 ,moreov]1 ^! activities ( ! m9d or _s fail to gov]n our lives z a :ole precisely because !y are contemplative & n active4 ,we /& be=e ! _w gaz+ at x1 sett+ our m9ds inde$ to "w ^u x 9 c]ta9 ways1 yet n fundam5tally *ang+ x4 ,b we are active be+s1 ) wills z well z contemplative m9ds1 & our volitional action lies v l>gely outside ! range :i* ^! activities & int]e/s c control4 ,& !re=e x is t s little real unity is rea*$ by means ( !m4 ,9 ,morality ! practical in/9cts & impulses are = ! fir/ "t includ$4 ,morality is ! sci5ce or ! art1 or bo?1 ( liv+ 9 society2 ( liv+1 t is to say1 z fell[ memb]s ) o!r be+s1 :o also h aspirations & ideals z legitimate z our own1 s t our own claim to pursue our own ideals mu/ be won by recognition ( _! equal claim to pursue !irs4 ,& ! man :o1 ) full ma/]y ( himself1 if su* a man exi/s1 is foll[+ out a great purpose t is adequate to satisfy 8 :ole nature1 is a man :o has a*iev$ ! conque/ ( ,"t 9 ! complete/ way4 ,x is ess5tial to ! pursuit ( a purpose t we move f /age to /age1 z we adapt means to our end1 & yet all ( x is "o ?+1 ?\ght & exp]i5c$ z "o4 ,inde$ a te/ t we always in/9ctively apply to a biography is :e!r x enables u to see ! diff]5t /ages ( a man's life z con/itut+ "o spiritual :ole4 ,t is j :at we desire ! biograph] to set =? be=e u4 ,at ! same "t ,morality conqu]s antagonism because x is ! life ( fell[%ip4 ,x beg9s ) ! recognition t o!r m5 h z mu* "r to live z we h1 & we buy our rights precisely by conc$+ !irs4 ,its root pr9ciple is ! recognition ( ?is bro!rhood or fell[-memb]%ip4 ,& yet x1 too1 nev] rea*es its goal2 x fails 9 two ways2 e man 9 ?is _w1 h[ev] p]fectly he may a*ieve ma/]y ( 8 own nature--& x may be d\bt$ if any man has ev] done ev5 t by 8 own /r5g?--is s condition$ by circum/ances t he is nev] able to make 8 life a p]fect ma/]piece ( art2 & z reg>ds ! :ole fell[%ip ( :i* he is a memb]1 & 8 own relation to x1 he c f9d no absolute rules except ! comm& to rea* a /ate ( m9d :i* he _c rea* by 8 own w4 ,!re are no moral laws t are absolute except ! law to love "o's neighb\r z oneself4 ,all ! re/ h exceptions some:]e4 ,?\ %all n kill1 0 ! =mula ( ! old law4 ,b we h alt]$ x into1 ,?\ %alt d no murd]4 ,x is always wrong to murd]1 because murd] is su* kill+ z is wrong4 ,b x is n always wrong to kill4 ,& s we f9d no pr9ciple t c be made entirely b9d+ & univ]sal1 except ! law to love our neighb\r z ourselves4 ,b h[ are we to d x8 ,is !re any man :o s]i\sly ?9ks t by tak+ ?\ght he c make himself love somebody else8 ,all ( ^! ?ree !n1 & ! la/ z emphatically z any1 9 spite ( its compreh5d+ a great] section ( human nature1 fail to rea* _! own a*ievem5t4 ,9 ! f\r? /age1 9 ,religion1 all w\ld f9d _! fulfilm5t4 ,= ! purpose ( ,god1 if !re be a ,god1 is ! pr9ciple ( unity :i* ! sci5ti/ is seek+4 ,! nature ( ,god1 if !re be a ,god1 is t p]fect beauty :i* w\ld be ! culm9ation ( ! life ( ,art4 ,! righte\sness ( ,god1 if !re be a ,god1 is ! satisfaction ( ! moral aspiration4 ,b we are n left s to conjecture :at life w\ld be l if we c\ld c>ry our own spiritual faculties to _! own highe/ developm5t4 ,we are giv5 ! express image ( ! p]son ( ,god4 ,he t ha? se5 ,me ha? se5 ! ,fa!r4 ,we %all n inde$ h p]fect k ( ! sph]e ( religion until we h se5 h[ ! :ole ( hi/ory & e detail ( our lives is1 aft] all1 ! result & "w ( creative ,love2 b :ile ,sci5ce & ,art & ,morality /ruggle t[>ds _! goal & only realise _! ne$ = x1 ,god gives ,himself z ! satisfaction ( t ne$4 ,x is ,8 gift1 n our discov]y2 b we see t 9 ?is pr9ciple all ,"t is ga!r$ up1 = if ! life ( ,*ri/ is ! manife/ation ( ! nature ( ,god1 !n x is ! manife/ation ( ! root-pr9ciple ( all hi/ory4 ,i am aw>e t ! argum5t "h is p] saltum1 b space =bids its full developm5t4 ,i hope soon to h complet$ a book :i* w fill 9 ! outl9e sket* (f]$ 9 ?is ,lecture4 ,mean:ile ,i w\ld ref] to my essay on ,! ,div9ity ( ,*ri/ 9 ,f\ndations1 specially pp4 #bac-bbc1 #bdb-bfc4 ,!n we see1 too1 h[ all m5 may be unit$ 9 p]fect fell[%ip1 because all m5 lov+ ,god w f9d !mselves lov+ ^? :om ,god s loves4 ,?is hope or conviction rema9s 9 ! region ( fai?1 n ( k2 :at ( t8 ,9 ! o!r dep>tm5ts also we h f\nd no k4 ,we h only f\nd approximation t[>ds x4 ,we h1 z x 71 conv]g+ l9es :i* nev] meet2 & we h also ! po9t at :i* we see !y w\ld meet if produc$4 ,is t n en\gh8 ,"h we f9d is ! pr9ciple t w give unity1 z we "w x out1 to ! :ole s*eme ( our spiritual life4 ,morality says1 ,love all m54 ,h[ c ,i8 ,sci5ce says1 ,realise ! tru? :i* expla9s ! univ]se4 ,h[ c ,i8 ,b ,i c gaze ^u ! manife/ation ( ,god 9 ,jesus ,*ri/2 ,i c m$itate ^u ,8 ,cross & ,resurrection4 ,i c see "h & !re h[ x may be true t ?is is inde$ ! explanation ( all ! sorr[1 ev5 ( all ! s94 ,= if x is true t ! supreme manife/ation ( ! love ( ,god 0 hi/orically condition$ by ! supreme s9 ( humanity 9 ! treason ( ,judas1 !n surely "o beg9s to see h[ ev5 out ( ! grosse/ evil ! glory ( ,god w9s triumph = itself1 :i* we too may %>e if we are fir/ drawn to %>e ! sacrifice4 ,z ,i become absorb$ 9 t contemplation ,i f9d 9 ! fir/ place a new p[] to love all m51 z ,i rememb] t ,he di$ = !m j z ,he di$ = me4 ,9 ! degree 9 :i* ,i really believe t ?is is ! manife/ation ( ! p[] ( ,god & ! gov]n+ au?ority ( ! univ]se1 ,i f9d ?is ?\ght ov]-rul+ o!r ?\ghts & temptations to ho/ility or enmity4 ,z ,i rememb] t ^? :om ,i am incl9$ to despise or hate are ^? = :om ,he ?\ght x wor? :ile to die1 my contempt & my hatr$ are rebuk$ & cancell$4 ,& simil>ly1 if ,i realise--or 9 ! degree 9 :i* ,i realise--t "h is set =? ! p[] t gov]ns all ?+s1 t ?is is ! way 9 :i* ,god rules ! _w1 & t ,calv>y is ! mode ( ,8 omnipot5ce1 ,i beg9 to f9d myself indiff]5t1 & t increas+ly1 to ^? ?+s :i* are call$ sorr[ & pa94 ,b we %all only f9d ?is z we expect to f9d x4 ,all ?r\gh our spiritual life we may be p]petually 9 contact1 z x 71 ) ! means ( receiv+ :at is good1 & nev] receive x because we are n expect+ x4 ,we h n expect$ peace ( m9d f our wor%ip1 we h n expect$ a s5se ( security aga9/ evil2 t is :y we h n f\nd x2 b x is our fault4 ,& c]ta9ly mo/ ( u h n expect$ to f9d fell[%ip f wor%ip4 ,we h kn[n some?+ ( ! grace ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 p]haps ev5 ( ! love ( ,god2 b ( ! fell[%ip ( ! ,holy ,_s1 ( ! s5se ( be+ l9k$ to "o ano!r because all dom9at$ by t "o p[]1 mo/ ( u h f\nd no?+1 because we h n expect$ x4 ,b if we are expect+ ?is1 all ! te/imony ( ! sa9ts 9 e g5]ation goes to %[ t we %all f9d :at we h expect$4 ,! p[] t c give u security aga9/ ! transitor9ess ( ! _w & aga9/ ! in/9cts ( antagonism is !re 9 ! fai? t we place 9 ,god4 ,i w put my tru/ 9 ,god1 ! ,psalmi/ says1 ,i w n fe> :at fle% c d unto me4 ,?is is n because fle% w n d su* hurt z x c to ! man :o puts 8 tru/ 9 ,god--! ,jews crucifi$ ,*ri/--b because to ! man :o puts 8 tru/ 9 ,god1 any?+ :atev] t happ5s becomes "p ( ,god's purpose = 8 life1 & !re=e he w n fe> x4 ,= all ?+s1 sorr[ z well z joy1 pa9 z well z pleasure1 s9 z well z righte\sness1 all ?+s "w toge!r = good to !m t love ,god4 99,,lecture ,,vi99 99,,god ,,9 ,,hi/ory99 ,i am ! ,alpha & ! ,omega1 sai? ! ,"l ,god1 :i* is & :i* 0 & :i* is to come1 ! ,almighty4--,revelation i4 #h4 ,we h consid]$ ! two great in/rum5ts ( ,god by :i* ,he fa%ions ! spiritual life ( man1 & we h consid]$ t spiritual life itself 9 ! outl9e at lea/ ( its f\r ma9 dep>tm5ts2 & n[1 z we close our l9e ( ?\ght1 we ne$ /ill to consid] h[ x is t1 9 ^! fields & by ^! in/rum5ts1 ,god c>ries =w>d ,8 "w4 ,! conception ( ,god z at "w 9 human hi/ory1 guid+ x1 controll+ x1 & judg+ m5 by its c\rse1 is ! great contribution ( ,israel to ! religion ( ! _w4 ,x is l9k$ ( c\rse ) t belief 9 ! union ( p]fect righte\sness ) ! div9e1 p[] :i* we usually speak ( "u ! some:at cumbr\s title ( ,e?ical ,mono!ism4 ,we rememb] :at 0 really at /ake 9 t great day ^u ,m\nt ,c>mel :5 ,elijah confront$ ! prie/s ( ,baal2 x 0 :e!r ! conception ( ,god z righte\s & dem&+ righte\sness %\ld prevail1 or ! conception ( ,god z a caprici\s ,be+1 ne$+ only to be propitiat$1 & 9 connection ) ^: v wor%ip lic5ti\sness 0 tol]at$ & ev5 enc\rag$4 ,b1 aft] all1 ! greate/ s\ls1 at lea/ 9 e highly-develop$ religion1 h believ$ t ,god is righte\s 9 ,himself4 ,:at gives to ,israel its supreme significance 9 ! spiritual hi/ory ( mank9d is ! conviction t ?is righte\s ,god is daily & h\rly at "w 9 ! hi/ory ( m52 & t conviction gives to ! fai? ( ,israel a primacy & supremacy ov] all ! o!r p>tial fai?s1 ev5 ?\gh !y may be sup]ior 9 c]ta9 dep>tm5ts4 ,if we ?9k ( "s ( ! conceptions by means ( :i* we try to br+ be=e our m9ds ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,god1 we may f9d t ) reg>d to sev]al ( !m1 o!r nations _h advanc$ fur!r ?an ,israel be=e ! com+ ( ! ,"l4 ,god is ,_s4 ,! ,h9du knew t1 & kn[s x /ill1 q z mu* z ,israel4 ,god is ,law4 ,! m ?\ghtful at lea/ among ! anci5t ,romans1 & p>ticul>ly ! great ,roman ,/oics1 knew t ) a vividness t 0 sc>cely ev] atta9$ 9 ,israel4 ,god is ,beauty4 ,assur$ly ! anci5t ,greeks knew t z ,israel nev] realis$ x at all4 ,b ! conception ( ,israel t ,god is at "w 9 hi/ory means t ! ,god ( ,israel gives to ^! o!r gods or conceptions ( ,god1 ea* its own "t & place ( em]g5ce & decay4 ,! ,god :o is reveal$ to u 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is ,himself ! ,be+ :o appo9ts t ! ,indian or ! ,roman or ! ,greek %\ld rea* ^! p>ticul> convictions2 & 9 ^! p>tial appreh5sions ( ! ,div9e1 be=e ! full revelation came1 ! fai? ( ,israel is det]m9ative & regulative = all ! o!r fai?s2 & moreov]1 x is ?is fai? t ,god is at "w 9 ! actual daily hi/ory ( m51 :i* makes ! fai? ( ,israel ! natural & prop] introduction to ! ,inc>nation1 :]e ,god ,himself took fle% & liv$ among m5 & di$ at a "t & 9 a place--9 ,pale/9e & "u ,pontius ,pilate4 ,?is exaltation ( ! ,holy ,god1 actually at "w )9 m5 & at _! side1 :ile x leads to a s5se ( awe be=e ! ,hol9ess ( ! ,almighty1 also leads to a s5se ( ! dignity ( ?is _w1 & ( man's life 9 x1 :i* is lack+1 z a rule1 f o!r great religions1 & t too 9 proportion z ^? o!r religions are spiritual4 ,= ! ,h9du1 = example1 ?is _w & all t is 9 x is m]e illusion4 ,he is spiritual en\gh b he is n mat]ial en\gh2 & we f9d !re t contempt = ! ?+s ( ! body :i* inv>iably issues 9 a contempt = moral conduct2 = our moral conduct "h1 :ile we live ^u ?is planet1 is wr\ght out ?r\gh our bodies4 ,b ! religion ( ,israel1 & especially its completion 9 ! ,inc>nation1 :]e9 ,god ,himself came 9 ! fle%1 gives at once a dignity to ?is _w ( ours1 to our bodies1 & to all ! mat]ial side ( life4 ,:5 ,*ri/ /ood be=e ,pilate1 ! ,k+dom ( ,god 0 9 appe>ance1 at lea/1 und]go+ judgm5t at ! h&s ( ! k+dom ( ?is _w2 b x is n m]ely a contra/ ( good ) evil4 ,x is a contra/ ( ! p]fect ) ! v imp]fect1 b yet n m]ely evil1 p[]4 ,pilate is n ,satan2 & ! ,"l ,himself1 9 ! mom5t ( ,8 trial1 recognises t ! au?ority by :i* ,he is condemn$ is an au?ority t is d]iv$ f ,god--,?\ c\lde/ h no p[] at all aga9/ ,me1 except x 7 giv5 !e f above4 ,! k+doms ( ?is _w1 :i* are to become ! k+doms ( our ,god & ( ,8 ,*ri/1 are n simply some?+ evil4 ,! contra/ ( ,*ur* & ,_w is n ! contra/ betwe5 good & evil2 b x is ! contra/ betwe5 two /ages 9 ! "w :i* ,god is accompli%+ 9 hi/ory1 & ^? two may (t5 come into conflict4 ,let u !n ask :at is ! c5tral pr9ciple ( ,god's guidance ( ,8 p1 s f> z x may be d$uc$ f ! t9y fragm5t ( hi/ory t we really "k4 ,9 t fragm5t at lea/1 we may say1 ,i ?9k1 ) little hesitation1 t its me?od & its aim is spiritual gr[?1 or1 if y l to put x an expansion & enri*m5t ( p]sonality4 ,we are sometimes incl9$ to ?9k our own p]sonality is some?+ t is giv5 to u f ! outset1 & entirely belongs to u2 b t idea w n /& exam9ation = a mom5t4 ,individual p]sonality is a social product4 ,x c only be develop$ "u social influ5ces4 ,a man may be born ) _m great tal5ts1 b if 8 environm5t does n enc\rage _! developm5t1 ^! tal5ts w rema9 = ! mo/ "p undevelop$ & unkn[n--ei!r to himself or to anybody else4 ,inde$ ! great] ! tal5t ) :i* a man is end[$1 ! m diff]5ce is made to him by ! k9d ( surr\nd+s 9 :i* he is put4 ,a man ( v few gifts & little natural capacity w be mu* ! same1 :e!r he has abundant opportunity = m5tal & spiritual gr[? or little opportunity2 b ! man ( great capacities1 ne$+ = _! developm5t ! enc\ragem5t ( surr\nd+s1 is an entirely diff]5t be+ accord+ z ^? surr\nd+s are fav\rable or ! rev]se2 & s we rea* ! curi\s result t ! greate/ p]sonality1 :ile no d\bt he mu/ h br\ght into ! _w some?+ giv5 to him by ,god t 0 capable ( developm5t1 is yet m entirely dep5d5t ^u ! society 9 :i* he is liv+ ?an p ) a less wide range ( gifts4 ,aga91 x is only )9 a society :i* has develop$ "s "* = itself1 :i* has inde$ a p]sonality ( its own1 t individual p]sonality c rea* v mu* developm5t4 ,y _c h g5ius 9 a savage tribe4 ,g5ius is ! focal expression ( ! p]sonality ( a :ole p4 ,x is t p com+ to life1 & possess$ ( voice2 & y d n f9d x :]e !re is little social developm5t4 ,x is only z ! tribe or ! nation beg9s to h "s def9ite "* ( its own t x is itself suffici5tly organis$ to develop f its own individual memb] ^? gifts1 & elicit ^? activities1 :i* are ! signs ( g5ius4 ,we f9d !n1 t individual p]sonality1 or spiritual life1 is dep5d5t ^u ! spiritual life ( society2 & we ne$ to notice t ?is society has e m>k by :i* we di/+ui% p]sonality 9 ! individual4 ,x has aspirations3 x has a pr$om9ant "*2 x has claims1 & x has duties4 ,x has 9 fact1 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! ^w1 corporate p]sonality1 & j z ! _m in/9cts & impulses :i* are to be f\nd 9 human nature1 & may be v discordant ) "o ano!r1 are weld$ toge!r to make up ! s+le life ( a human be+1 s ! :ole gifts & in/9cts & ambitions & aspirations ( all ! individual citiz5s are weld$ toge!r1 to make up ! p]sonality ( ! :ole society4 ,moreov]1 e nation is 9 itself n only ! comb9ation ( individual citiz5s1 b also ( m9or gr\ps )9 itself1 all ( :i* h ^! same m>ks1 & all ( :i* are 9 ! real g5u9e s5se p]sons1 spiritual individuals ) a life ( _! own4 ,n[1 z we look ov] ! hi/ory ( ! developm5t :i* ?us goes on side by side 9 ! individual & 9 society1 we f9d t its pr9ciple 9 ! fragm5t ( hi/ory t we really "k has be5 t isolat$ excell5ces %\ld be br\ght to p]fection fir/2 & aft] some?+ l p]fection has be5 rea*$ 9 ! sep>ate dep>tm5ts tak5 s+ly1 ! comb9ation ( !m is br\ght ab\t1 9 ord] t ! ri*] & full] life may be p]fect$1 9 :i* all ( !m f9d a place4 ,european hi/ory d]ives its :ole life f ,pale/9e1 ,greece & ,rome2 & 9 ea* ( ^? ?ree peoples1 "s "o excell5ce 0 develop$ to a peculi> degree4 ,rome p]fect$ & has bequea!d to u ! in/9cts = social ord]1 z embodi$ 9 law4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,roman p is ( significance1 precisely because "o may !re trace ! gr[? & work+ out ( ?is in/9ct = social or political life4 ,!re has nev] be5 any?+ to rival x 9 hi/ory4 ,no mod]n nation has %[n ! same extraord9>y political s5se & sanity4 ,! ,romans 7 n great political philosoph]s4 ,!y did n ?9k v mu* ab\t ! pr9ciples on :i* !y act$2 b simply because ( _! peculi> gift 9 ?is direction !y weld$ toge!r a social ord] :i* la/$ ?r\gh\t _! ,empire 9 a wond]ful way2 & to ?is day ! law ( ,europe is to an enorm\s ext5t ! law ( anci5t ,rome4 ,to anci5t ,greece1 x is h>d to say :at we d n owe4 ,h] peculi> *>act]i/ic is intellectual passion2 a passion = rea*+ p]fection 9 j :at ! intellect is p>ticul>ly qualifi$ to grasp1 tru? & beauty4 ,no d\bt ! anci5t ,greeks !mselves ?\ght a great deal ab\t _! ord9>y politics & _! milit>y activities1 & ! w>s betwe5 ! v>i\s ,/ates2 b ^! matt] v little4 ,! ,greek p are significant = ev]more n because ( ! ,a!nian trireme or ! ,mac$onian phalanx1 b because ,aes*ylus /ood 9 a/oni%$ awe be=e ! op]ation ( ! ,div9e ,ju/ice2 because ,sophocles reflect$ ! :ole ( human life1 ev5 its uglie/ manife/ations1 9 ! mirror ( a s\l s calm & pure1 t z we look at t reflection all life seems ba!d 9 peace & beauty2 because ,euripides ent]$ into ! sorr[s ( simple folk2 because ,?ucydides1 ) a /ill unrivall$ zeal = ! g5u9e tru? ( hi/ory1 said ! wise ^w ab\t ne>ly e political condition t has aris5 s9ce 8 "t2 because ,plato dream$ a ,vision ( all "t & all exi/5ce1 proclaim$ t x c nev] be j to d h>m to any man :atev] h>m he may h done to u2 proclaim$ also t ,god is 9 no way unrighte\s1 b 9 all ways absolutely righte\s1 nor is any?+ m l to ,god ?an :osoev] among m5 %all become p]fectly righte\s2 =esee+ also t if a p]fectly righte\s man %\ld come on e>? he w\ld die1 sc\rg$ & crucifi$4 ,!re is n[h]e be=e ! ,new ,te/am5t any?+ t comes ne>] to its own highe/ tru?s1 n 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t itself1 ?an :at y w f9d 9 ,plato4 ,republic i4 #cce99;d992 ,!aetetus #agf99;c992 ,republic ii4 #cfa99;e994 ,?is influ5ce1--! influ5ce ( ?is intellectual passion--has be5 ! driv+ =ce 9 ne>ly all ! movem5ts s9ce t "t4 ,x has be5 said !re is no?+ 9 ! _w :i* moves t is n ,greek 9 orig91 & x is almo/ true2 x is f ! ,greeks t we h le>nt ! use ( reason to modify exp]i5ce & !y d]iv$ x f ! intellectual passion = tru? & beauty4 ,to ,pale/9e we owe ! inspir+ & gov]n+ fai? ( :i* ,i h already spok5--! "o fai? t c give real significance to ^! o!r two1 fai? 9 ! ,holy ,god at "w 9 hi/ory4 ,x is noticeable t ea* ( ^! c\ntries 0 conspicu\sly weak 9 ^? o!r qualities :i* 7 n especially entru/$ to x4 ,anci5t ,rome 0 n at all specially religi\s & 0 conspicu\sly un9tellectual4 ,! p ( ,greece aga9 are n conspicu\sly religi\s1 ?\gh 9 _! cults !re is a haunt+ beauty2 & !y 7 n at all politically successful2 ! hi/ory ( ,a!ns1 ! fl[] ( ,greece1 is ! hi/ory ( a ,/ate 9 :i* almo/ e g5]ation ?rew up a supreme g5ius :o proce$$ to *ange ! con/itution 9 accordance ) 8 magnific5t ideas2 ! result 0 political in/ability ( an appall+ "*4 ,& ,pale/9e has contribut$ v little to u z reg>ds social organisation1 & is m>k$ly lack+ 9 ! sci5tific & arti/ic gifts4 ,we h only to consid] ! great images t are set be=e u1 let u say 9 ! ,book ( ,ezekiel1 or aga9 9 ! ,book ( ,revelation1 to see t !re is no attempt 9 ^! ef=ts ( ! imag9ation to a*ieve a beautiful or h>moni\s :ole4 ,! symbolic elem5ts are add$ "o to ano!r because ( ! value ( _! mean+2 b !re is no ef=t to visualise ! :ole2 & if we try to make x1 we quickly f9d t su* a ?+ 0 nev] int5d$4 ,x is ( c\rse true t ! ,greek g5ius gave u :at we n[ mean by civilisation1 namely1 ! comb9ation ( political unity & p]sonal fre$om4 ,on ?is see ! admirable fir/ *apt] ( ,mr4 ,edwyn ,bevan's ,! ,h\se ( ,seleucus4 ,b x rema9s true t ! race f ^: intellectual g5ius ?is :ole product sprang _h n 9 any consid]able degree ! capacity = controll+ _! own inv5tion4 ,ea* ( ^! !n rea*$ a g5u9e supremacy 9 its own dep>tm5t2 & ! hi/ory ( ,europe is to an enorm\s ext5t ! hi/ory ( ! int]-action ( ^! ?ree =ces z !y m+le & comb9e 9 ! polities ( ! b>b>ian invad]s :o wreck$ ! ,roman ,empire4 ,we wat* ! p]iods ( dom9ation ( ea* successively4 ,*ri/ianity grew up )9 ! ,roman ,empire1 & ! fasc9ation ( t great ,empire ca/ a glam\r ab\t x 9 ! m9ds ev5 ( ^? :o de/roy$ x1 s t ! life :i* em]ges out ( *aos 9 ! ,middle ,ages is pr$om9antly v ,lat94 ,! ,r5aissance is precisely ! invasion ( ,greek influ5ce1 & ! ,re=mation is v l>gely ! r$iscov]y ( ! ,hebrew4 ,= a :ile ! ?ree new =ces work$ toge!r1 c>ry+ m5's ?\ght & action =w>d2 & !n 9 ! #ah? c5tury x w\ld seem t !re 01 9 ,engl& at any rate1 a torpor due to _! exhau/ion2 :5 revival came x 0 because ,wesley & 8 fri5ds reviv$ ! ,hebrew elem5t 9 our life1 because ,newman & ,pusey ) _! fri5ds reviv$ ! ,lat9 elem5t1 & because ,f4 ,d4 ,maurice & ! ,broad ,*ur* movem5t reviv$ ! ,hell5i/ic1 & ?is1 ) its passion = m adequate compreh5sion & expression1 is ! dom9ant =ce ( our "t4 ,we wat* ^! ?ree influ5ces /ill at "w2 b z !y int]act ^u "o ano!r & )9 ! p]sons ( ! new races1 a new product is gradually be+ produc$1 & 9 ^? corporate p]sonalities :i* we call nations1 we see a "* be+ born :i* is some?+ t hi/ory has n kn[n be=e4 ,! fir/ requirem5t ( p]sonality is always fre$om--fre$om z we h already said 9 its two s5ses1 t conduct is n dictat$ f )\t b is gov]n$ by ! :ole p]son1 & n by isolat$ elem5ts2 & ! corporate p]sons ne$ fre$om j z mu* z ! individual2 h5ce ! ne$1 ! vital & absolute ne$1 = political sov]eignty 9 any ,/ate :i* is consci\s ( itself z a p]son1 t is z hav+ a s+le spiritual life4 ,b t life & fre$om are ex]cis$ only 9 ! citiz5s :o are memb]s ( ! ,/ate4 ,we _c surely ass]t t ! corporate p]son is immortal1 z ! individual is2 & !re=e1 to de/roy a ,/ate is to inflict a m irrep>able loss ?an to kill a man1 :i* is "o reason at lea/1 p]haps ! *ief reason1 :y a man %\ld die = ! political fre$om ( 8 c\ntry1 & ev51 if ne$ be1 kill = x2 b1 z fre$om is ! fir/ requirem5t ( p]sonality1 fell[%ip is its fir/ duty1 = x is true ( corporate p]sonalities q z mu* z ( individuals t !y only f9d !mselves & fulfil !mselves 9 _! int]-action ^u "o ano!r1 & ! nations ( ! _w d 9 fact ne$ "o ano!r1 & ne$ "o ano!r's full life4 ,9 economics we f\nd out long ago t 9 ord] to be weal?y1 a c\ntry ne$s ri* neighb\rs :o may af=d good m>kets4 ,x is s 9 e o!r dep>tm5t4 ,we ne$ ! gifts ( ! o!r peoples4 ,we ne$ t !y %all be free & vigor\s4 ,inde$ ! *ief lesson :i* ! _w at ?is "t ne$s to le>n is j ?is--t all ! nations ( ! _w ne$ "o ano!r1 ea* ne$+ also t ! o!rs %\ld be free1 9 ord] t !y may br+ _! contributions to ! common life 9 :i* all %>e4 ,b we %\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be read+ ! signs ( ! times amiss if we did n also take acc\nt ( ! fact t !re has be5 gr[+ up lately a new type ( corporate p]sonality1 n kn[n to hi/ory be=e1 & exemplifi$ by y\r own ,unit$ ,/ates & by ! ,briti% ,empire2 ! conception ( sov]eign ,/ates l9k$ toge!r 9 a s+le life1 & ex]cis+ !re9 a jo9t sov]eignty 9 deal+ ) ^? :o lie outside ! f$]ation1 is some?+ ( :i* hi/ory be>s no record2 & we ne$ to try to und]/& its pr9ciple1 & see :at x is capable ( contribut+ to ! life ( m5 9 ord] t we may n fail to use our opportunity1 & br+ our contribution4 ,see ,app5dix ,v4 ,on ,provid5ce 9 ,hi/ory4 ,!re is our outl9e sket* ( ! way 9 :i* ! hi/ory ( our own civilisation has gr[n1 )9 :i* ! ,*ur* & ,nation are at "w4 ,we are memb]s ( bo?4 ,:at duty falls ^u u z ! result ( t dual memb]%ip8 ,! ,*ri/ian citiz5 is call$ ( necessity to fulfil "o ( ?ree functions--prophet1 prie/ & k+4 ,! prophet is "o :o is call$ to te/ify to ! ideal unfl9*+ly1 n consid]+ consequ5ces1 n p]haps consid]+ ways & means ( rea*+ ! ideal1 b simply insi/+ on its nature & call+ m5 & nations to p5it5ce s f> z !y fail to rea* x4 ,x may require m c\rage ?an ! (fice ( ! k+ or /atesman1 & yet 9 itself x is ! easie/1 because x is relatively simple4 ,9 all mod]n nations1 & m s 9 ! degree 9 :i* !y are democratic1 e citiz5 p>takes ( ! duty ( k+%ip4 ,he has "s %>e 9 det]m9+ h[ 8 nation %all act1 ei!r 9 ! managem5t ( its own int]nal affairs or 9 its deal+s ) o!r p1 & "o :o has ?is responsibility & is also a ,*ri/ian1 is involv$ 9 ! absolute duty ( try+ to ?9k1 & to ?9k ) g5u9e ef=t1 h[ he may be actually guid+ 8 nation t[>d ! ideal4 ,he mu/ n be cont5t ) pi\s platitudes lead+ to no action1 nor cont5t to consid] only 8 own c\ntry's welf>e2 b z a memb] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ :i* embraces all mank9d1 he is call$ to ?9k out &1 hav+ ?\ght1 to pursue 9 act ! me?ods by :i* 8 nation may g5u9ely be do+ its "p to build up ! "o great ,temple ( ,god--,8 ,holy ,city4 ,! prie/ is prophet & /atesman1 bo? at once4 ,he1 z m9i/] ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 mu/ p]petually insi/ ^u ! true ideal1 & bid m5 to gu>d aga9/ all self-cont5tm5t s f> z !y fail to rea* x2 & yet he mu/ be ready to take 8 /& by ! side ( e individual or gr\p ( individuals1 ev5 ( ! nation itself1 n]v+ ea* to d ! be/ ( :i* x !n & !re 9 ! circum/ances ( ! day is capable4 ,& mean:ile he is a wret*$ human be+ l ! re/1 t]ribly liable to pride if he upholds an ideal high] ?an is usually recognis$2 t]ribly liable to worldl9ess1 alike 9 8 own s\l & 9 8 tea*+1 if = a s+le mom5t he =sakes ! ,div9e ,pres5ce2 & uniquely expos$ to ! deadlie/ ( all temptations2 = :ile we prea* :at nei!r we nor anybody else c practise1 we are sorely tempt$ to be cont5t ) spiritual m$iocrity ourselves4 ,b above all1 at ?is "t ! necessity1 ,i ?9k1 is = a cle> te/imony conc]n+ ! purpose ( ,god = ,8 p1 & ,8 k+dom t %all surely come4 ,we h made our precepts s tame2 our ef=ts = peace & fell[%ip h be5 s mu* less exhil>at+ ?an o!r m5's ef=ts = w>2 we h be5 v mild2 & t is n ! _s ( ,*ri/1 or ( ,8 ,k+dom4 ,! _s ( ,*ri/ is ! _s ( all h]oism 9 all ages4 ,9 #ahdh1 a little republic 0 f\nd$ 9 ,rome to /& = ju/ice & purity ( gov]nm5t amid ! corrupt ,/ates all r\nd4 ,x 0 attack$ by ^? ,/ates1 & at la/ x yield$2 on ! day :5 ! capitulation 0 sign$ masses ( p 7 ga!r$ toge!r 9 ! great ,piazza outside ,/4 ,pet]'s1 & !re rode among !m ! man ^: fai? & h]oism _h su/a9$ t siege = m weeks ?an ! wiseacres ?\ght x c\ld la/ days4 ,:5 ! *e]+ _h subsid$1 he made no ackn[l$gm5t1 b simply said3 ,i am go+ out f ,rome4 ,i (f] nei!r qu>t]s1 nor provisions1 nor wages4 ,i (f] hung]1 ?ir/1 =c$ m>*es1 battles1 dea?4 ,let him :o loves 8 c\ntry ) 8 he>t n ) 8 lips only foll[ me4 ,& !y /ream$ out aft] him into ! hills4 ,8 "n 0 ,g>ibaldi2 & because ( 8 h]oism & !irs ! k+dom ( ,italy is 9 ! _w to-day4 ,b ! invitation ( ,*ri/ is 9 exactly t _s--,i (f] nei!r qu>t]s1 nor provisions1 nor wages4 ,i (f] hung]1 ?ir/1 =c$ m>*es1 battles1 dea?4 ,if any man w\ld come aft] ,me1 let him d5y himself1 & take up 8 cross1 & foll[ ,me4 ,! cross1 :5 our ,"l spoke ^? words1 0 q a real ?+4 ,to take up ! cross did n mean be>+ life's little inconv5i5ces ) equanimity4 ,x meant lit]ally to put ! rope r\nd "o's neck1 & be ready simply = any?+ t might come4 ,t is ! _s 9 :i* we are summon$ to "w = ,*ri/4 ,c we rise to x8 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,peace 0 n a mild man4 ,?is is ! vision t ,8 disciple _h ( ,him3 ,8 head & ,8 hair 7 :ite1 z :ite wool1 :ite z sn[2 & ,8 eyes 7 z a flame ( fire2 & ,8 feet l unto burni%$ brass1 z if x _h be5 ref9$ 9 a furnace2 & ,8 voice z ! voice ( _m wat]s4 ,& ,he _h 9 ,8 "r h& sev5 />s3 & out ( ,8 m\? proce$$ a %>p two-edg$ sword2 & ,8 c\nt5ance 0 z ! sun %9e? 9 its /r5g?4 ,& :5 ,i saw ,him1 ,i fell at ,8 feet z "o dead4 ,c we pres5t ! figure ( ,*ri/ z end[$ ) any?+ l t compell+ p[]8 ,if s1 we are wor?y m9i/]s4 ,x n1 we are mak+ dull ! "o great adv5ture ( ! _w4 ,!re is only "o way 9 :i* we c succe$4 ,x is t we cl+ to fai? 9 ,god1 ! ,au?or ( ! drama1 9 :i* we play our "p2 ,god1 ,himself ! ,guide along ! pa? we are to foll[2 ,god1 n only ! ,guide1 b ! v ,way 9 :i* we are to walk2 ,god1 n only ! ,guide & ,way1 b ! ,/r5g!n] )9 our s\ls1 enabl+ u to foll[2 & ,god ! ,guide1 ! ,way1 ! ,/r5g!n]1 ,himself also ! ,goal to :i* we w\ld come4 ,= 9 ,him we move & live & h our be+4 ,yea ?ro' life1 dea?1 ?ro' sorr[ & ?ro' s9n+ ,he %all suffice me1 = ,he ha? suffic$2 ,*ri/ is ! end1 = ,*ri/ 0 ! beg9n+1 ,*ri/ ! beg9n+1 = ! end is ,*ri/4 ,i am ! ,alpha & ! ,omega1 sai? ! ,"l ,god1 :i* is & :i* 0 & :i* is to come1 ! ,almighty4 99,,app5dix ,i99 99,,on ,,! ,,apocalyptic ,,consci\sness99 ,x is v difficult = ! mod]n read] to recov] ! frame ( m9d 9 :i* ,apocalypse has its orig91 b we may d ?is m easily if we look = p>allels outside ! field ( religi\s hi/ory4 ,x has be5 well said t ! m$iaeval man look$ upw>ds & d[nw>ds--to ,hell & to ,heav52 8 view ( ! _w is on a v]tical plane2 ! mod]n man has a horizontal view1 look+ to ! pa/ & future--! pa/ z x has exi/$1 & ! future z x %all exi/1 9 ! hi/ory ( human society ^u ?is e>?4 ,we ne$ if possible to comb9e ^! two1 b x is a v difficult a*ievem5t4 ,) our po9t ( view we inevitably read ,apocalypse z if x 7 a lit]al hi/ory ( ! future writt5 be=e ! ev5t2 b ?is is n its prim>y significance4 ,! religi\s consci\sness f :i* x spr+s 0 highly indiff]5t to ! lapse ( "t3 v likely ! se] expect$ ! spe$y realisation ( 8 vision s f> z he ?\ght ab\t ?+s 9 t way at all1 b ?is 0 n 8 prim>y conc]n4 ,let u take a p>allel1 z 0 sugge/$ a mom5t ago1 f ano!r field4 ,! sociali/ic movem5t 9 its e>ly days seem$ committ$ to an imm$iate expectation ( ! mill5nium foll[+ ^u a cata/rophic *ange 9 ! /ructure ( human society4 ,! arrival ( ! mill5nium n[ seems po/pon$ indef9itely & evolution has tak5 ! place ( revolution z a me?od1 & yet a sociali/ :o is really 9 ! movem5t does n feel any brea* ( cont9uity2 he kn[s t he is "o 9 _s ) ! e>li] writ]s & t !y 7 nev] ma9ly conc]n$ ei!r ) ! date at :i* ! mill5nium w\ld come or ! means by :i* !y imag9$ x br\ght ab\t1 b precisely ) ! contra/ betwe5 ! ideal z !y conceiv$ x & ! actual z !y saw x4 ,we may take ano!r in/ance f a slightly diff]5t dep>tm5t ( ?\ght4 ,dante imag9$ t ! ,m\nt ( ,purgatory 0 ! imm$iate antipodes ( ! ,hill ( ,zion1 b if "s travell] _h gone r\nd ! _w & assur$ him t ! ,m\nt ( ,purgatory 0 n !re1 x w\ld n 9 ! smalle/ degree h affect$ 8 doctr9e ( ,purgatory4 ,s x is ) ! apocalypti/s2 !re is an imm5se am\nt ( ma*9]y provid$ by :i* ?is _w is to be abruptly *ang$ into ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & because t ,k+dom is s pres5t to ! consci\sness ( ! writ]1 he c speak ( x z ev5 n[ ab\t to appe> ^u ! e>?4 ,b ?is is n :at *iefly int]e/s him3 8 po9t ( view is v]tical1 n horizontal2 all "t-spans are =e%ort5$ into a mom5t1 because 8 :ole int]e/ is 9 ! contra/ betwe5 ! ,k+dom ( ,god & ! k+doms ( ?is _w2 we !re=e d him wrong 9 suppos+ t ! po/ponem5t ( 8 hope is any griev\s disappo9tm5t1 or any pro( ( real error4 ,! date ( its fulfilm5t 0 nev] a matt] ( mu* conc]n to him4 ,s we may1 ,i ?9k1 rev]5tly believe t our ,"l ,himself passes ?r\gh ! exp]i5ce ( ! apocalypti/s at mom5ts ( great exultation1 z1 = example1 :5 ! sev5ty return & say t ! devils are made subject to !m1 or :5 ,he realises ! imm95ce ( ! fall ( ,j]usalem1 & !re=e ! removal ( ! *ief b>ri] to ,8 ,k+dom's progress4 ,all "t is =e%ort5$2 ,satan falls f ,heav5 & ! ,son ( ,man appe>s 9 glory2 b ?is is no =eca/ ( hi/ory z we und]/& hi/ory4 ,"o evangeli/ tells u ( a p>able :i* ,he utt]$ precisely because ( ,8 p]ception t ! disciples errone\sly suppos$ t ! ,k+dom ( ,god 0 imm$iately to appe>4 ,all ,8 insi/5ce ^u ! com+ ,k+dom is focuss$ 9 ! ,passion1 z has be5 %[n 9 ! text4 ,:5 ! revelation ( ,god's inmo/ nature 0 complet$ 9 ! completion ( ,8 own self-sacrifice1 ?is br\ght ) x ! p[] t c\ld *ange ! k+doms ( ?is _w into ! ,k+dom ( our ,god & ( ,8 ,*ri/4 ,f !n onw>ds ,he come? ) ! cl\ds2 b ! completion ( ,8 ,k+dom :5 e eye %all see ,him1 & !y :i* pi]c$ ,him1 lies /ill 9 ! future4 ,! contra/ ( t5ses 9 ?is passage c h>dly be accid5tal2 f ! mom5t :5 ,he 0 lift$ up f ! e>? 9 ! ,passion1 ,resurrection & ,asc5sion 7:i* are ! revelation 9 successive phases ( ! "o un*ang+ glory ( ,god7 ,8 com+ is a pres5t fact2 b our p]ception ( ,8 com+ is some?+ /ill gr[+ z ,8 ,_s guides u into all ! tru?1 until at la/ we "k ev5 z we are kn[n4 99,,app5dix ,,ii99 99,,on ,,moral ,,& ,,spiritual ,,au?ority99 ,x may be object$ t ! ,*ur* %\ld nev] 9 any circum/ances employ =ce--at any rate1 physical =ce4 ,b ,i believe ! objection is due1 p>tly to a lat5t ,mani*aeism :i* holds t matt] is always evil1 or at lea/ unspiritual1 & p>tly to a v j fe> t =ce may be wrongly us$ if its use is p]mitt$ at all4 ,yet !re are "s cases :]e ! ,*ur* w\ld pla9ly be n only at lib]ty1 b morally b\nd1 to use =ce4 ,suppose a cl]gyman beg9s to give tea*+ t is absolutely at v>iance ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,*ur* may appeal to 8 bett] feel+s & ask him to resign2 b if he w n1 ! ,*ur* mu/ assur$ly h ! "r to turn him out1 & t1 if necess>y1 by =ce4 ,no d\bt 9 a civilis$ c\ntry :at ! ,*ur* does z a rule is to ask ! ,/ate to act aga9/ ! man1 on ! gr\nd t he has brok5 contract & holds 8 position on false pret5ces4 ,?is is :at ! ,m$iaeval ,*ur* call$ h&+ ! (f5d] ov] to ! secul> arm4 ,b let u imag9e ! situation 9 a ,mission ,*ur* :]e a conv]t has1 = p5ance1 be5 exclud$ f att5dance at public wor%ip = a p]iod4 ,suppose he insi/s ^u com+2 !n c]ta9ly ! congregation w\ld be "r =cibly to remove him4 ,aga91 suppos+ ! use ( =ce z discipl9e may be ( advantage to moral developm5t 7& up to a c]ta9 /age ,i am sure x may71 & suppos+ !re is no civilis$ ,/ate to employ x1 ! ,*ur* w be "r to d :at is be/ = ! "* ( ^? = :om x is conc]n$4 ,b no d\bt all ?is is purely prep>atory to ! positive spiritual "w ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* mu/ always take ! =m ( appeal & n ( =ce4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 s mu* confusion on ! subject ( moral & spiritual au?ority 9 g5]al1 t x may n be out ( place to add "h "s rem>ks ^u x4 ,! ^w au?ority is d]iv$ f a ,lat9 ^w :i* may p]haps be be/ translat$ by weight4 ,:5 we speak ( a man ( weight1 or an op9ion t c>ries weight1 we h some?+ v ne> ! orig9al mean+ ( ! t]m au?ority4 ,sometimes we are incl9$ to ?9k ( au?ority z be/ repres5t$ by ! political rul]1 or ! milit>y comm&]4 ,b ^! are n really typical k9ds ( au?ority4 ,!y are v special cases :]e au?ority is clo!d ) compell+ =ce4 ,b 9 ! sph]es ( :i* we are ?9k+ !re is n necess>ily pres5t any compell+ =ce at all4 ,:5 we ?9k ( au?ority 9 religion1 9 its connection ) morals & su* que/ions1 !re is no =ce1 at any rate necess>ily1 pres5t at all1 & ! ,*ur*'s au?ority 9 ! true s5se is n any ! less because x does n practise ! me?ods ( ! ,inquisition3 nor 0 x any great] 9 ! days :5 to its own prop] au?ority x add$ co]cive p[]1 appeal+ to p 9 ! "n ( :at is 9 itself n au?ority /rictly speak+1 at all4 ,= if ,i believe j because ! ,*ur* is an assembly ( ! sa9ts ( ,god & its =mul>ies are summ>ies ( _! exp]i5ce1 !n ,i am believ+ on ! gr\nd ( ! ,*ur*'s au?ority4 ,b if ,i believe because an (fic] ( ! ,*ur* ?reat5s me ) ! rack 9 ! case ( disbelief1 ,i am believ+ n because ! ,*ur* has au?ority1 b because ,i dislike physical pa94 ,s au?ority always 9 ! end means weight--:at c>ries weight ) our judgm5t4 ,we c weigh "o au?ority aga9/ ano!r2 we may weigh ! au?ority ( "o !ologian ) t ( ano!r by consid]+ :i* has %[n ! great] k ( ! subject 9 "q & ! s\nd] judgm5t 9 deal+ ) x4 ,9 moral que/ions we d z a matt] ( fact p]petually come back to ! man ( moral weight4 ,& :at con/itutes 8 weight is to beg9 ) a c]ta9 uprightness 9 8 own "*1 & !n a c]ta9 sympa?y & insight :i* enables him to und]/& h[ he w\ld apply to ! circum/ances ( o!r p ! pr9ciples by :i* he lives 9 8 own4 ,s1 = example1 ,ari/otle 9 ! end det]m9es all moral que/ions by ref]5ce to ! /&>d :i* ! man ( moral s5se w\ld use2 ev]y?+ 9 ! la/ resort is det]m9$ simply by 8 judgm5t4 ,virtue1 he says1 resides 9 a mean betwe5 two vici\s extremes1 & ! mean is to be det]m9$ by a pr9ciple :i* ! man ( moral s5se w\ld use4 ,lat] on1 aft] an int]lude ( two or ?ree books wisely int]polat$1 he comes to ask1 ,:o is ! man ( moral s5se8 & he turns out to be ! man :o has ! "r pr9ciple enabl+ him to det]m9e ! mean betwe5 vici\s extremes2 t is to say1 t 8 /&>d ( judgm5t 9 ! end is simply ! good1 s5sible man1 & = practical purposes t does well en\gh1 because = practical purposes we d "k ^: judgm5t we value1 we d "k :o x is ^: approval we %\ld c>e to w91 ^: approval w\ld ( itself assure u t our conduct 0 "r1 & ^: disapproval w\ld ( itself g f> at lea/ to assure u t our conduct 0 wrong1 or at any rate t ! matt] ne$$ c>eful reconsid]ation4 ,!re is inde$ ano!r me?od ?an ?is ( reliance ^u ! au?ority ( a wise man1 & x is repres5t$ by ! o!r great ?9k] ( ,greece1 by ,plato4 ,plato's ideal me?od 9 moral que/ions 0 to try to det]m9e ! purpose ( ! :ole univ]se & !n det]m9e h[ 9 any giv5 circum/ances a man may s]ve t purpose4 ,! basis ( 8 morals1 9 o!r words1 0 :at we %\ld call !ological2 & s f> z we are able to apply ?is1 x is ! only f9ally satisfactory me?od2 s f> z we c say t ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity imp]atively dem& "s p>ticul> action or attitude ( m9d1 we %all n c>e h[ little o!r au?ority we c quote1 b %all say t we c see q cle>ly t our allegiance to ,*ri/ & ,8 religion involves a c]ta9 po9t ( view = u2 & if no "o else has tak5 t po9t ( view1 provid$ we c f9d no flaw 9 our reason+1 we %all say none ! less1 ,?is is ! po9t ( view :i* we1 z ,*ri/ians1 are b\nd to take4 ,t has be5 ! me?od by :i*1 z a matt] ( fact1 mo/ ,*ri/ian re=ms h be5 c>ri$ out4 ,t 0 ! way by :i*1 9 an in/ance to :i* ,i %all return 9 a mom5t1 slav]y 0 aboli%$4 ,slav]y _h be5 tol]at$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* = c5turies4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* might !re=e h be5 quot$ z sub/antially 9 fav\r ( x4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( ,*ri/ians did1 9 fact1 fav\r reta9+ x1 because1 ( c\rse1 ! abolition ( ! slave trade 0 an int]f]5ce ) prop]ty1 & he>tr5d+ appeals 7 made 9 ! "n ( ! un=tunate wid[ ) a few /rong blacks1 z 9 our day appeals are made aga9/ legislation 9 ! "n ( ! wid[ :o has %>es 9 brew]ies4 ,b ,wilb]=ce's po9t ( view 0 simply ?is1 t :atev] ! ,*ur* may h said ?r\gh all ^! c5turies1 :5 y look at ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple ( ! "r way to treat human be+s x condemns slav]y2 & if all ! ,*ri/ians 9 all ! ages _h d5i$ t1 x w\ld n h alt]$ ! fact t1 z we see x--s ,wilb]=ce & 8 fri5ds w\ld h urg$--z we see x1 slav]y is condemn$2 t is en\gh = u2 we g =w>d 9 ! c]ta9ty t we are c>ry+ out ! w ( ,god4 ,wilb]=ce br\ght p r\nd to 8 po9t ( view2 n[ y w h>dly f9d a ,*ri/ian to def5d slav]y z an in/itution4 ,"s day1 p]haps1 x w be ! same ) w>4 ,b 9 mo/ moral que/ions ! au?ority to :i* we appeal is n t ( ! good & wise individual1 b t ( ! moral s5se ( our civilisation4 ,we c v seldom give an adequate reason = ^? po9ts on :i* we h ! /ronge/ moral convictions4 ,= example1 9 argum5t ,i suppose we %\ld mo/ ( u f9d x v difficult to produce a case = monogamy z aga9/ polygamy any?+ l s /rong z ! feel+ :i* we h 9 fav\r ( ! "o aga9/ ! o!r4 ,t feel+ is implant$ 9 u by ! exp]i5ce ( our civilisation1 a civilisation :i* has1 9 fact1 em]g$ f "o into ! o!r1 & ^! v /rong in/9ctive feel+s1 :i* are common to great masses ( p & = :i* usually any "o individual 9 all t mass c only give a mo/ inadequate reason1 are some?+ to :i* an enorm\s volume ( human exp]i5ce has contribut$4 ,g5]ation aft] g5]ation has come to feel t c]ta9 relations ( ! sexes are1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! only ones t c be ma9ta9$ ) real :olesom5ess1 & ?is belief becomes s /rong 9 ! community t x is receiv$ ) ! air we brea! all ?r\gh ! =mative ye>s ( our life1 & ! result is an int5se conviction = :i*1 z ,i say1 we c h>dly give any argum5t--an int5se conviction t "o sort ( ?+ is "r & ! o!r wrong2 & :at mo/ ( u mean by our consci5ce is j ?is body ( feel+ conc]n+ "r & wrong :i* has be5 implant$ 9 u z ! result ( ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( civilisation4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! individual x is usually m an emotion ?an a reason$ judgm5t2 & x is mu* m ( ! nature ( prejudice ?an ( an argum5tative conclusion4 ,:5 p talk ab\t consci5ti\s objections to obey+ ! law1 x is always q impossible to di/+ui% betwe5 _! prejudice & _! consci5ce2 !re is no /&>d by :i* to det]m9e4 ,b ! fact t x is unreason$ 9 ! individual does n mean t x is irrational1 or )\t reason 9 itself4 ,:at has be5 built up by ! /eady pressure ( :ole c5turies ( exp]i5ce has enorm\s weight ( pure reason beh9d x1 ev5 ?\gh ! individual _c himself give ! reason1 & ev5 ?\gh !re may be no individual alive :o c give x2 x has come out ( ! logic ( exp]i5ce2 x has be5 built up 9 ! /rictly sci5tific way by a :ole s]ies ( facts4 ,!re is an enorm\s inductive backgr\nd1 an enorm\s sci5tific basis = ! moral convictions ( ! bett]1 m self-controll$ memb]s ( any civilis$ society4 ,! moral v]dict ( society1 & ! consci5ce ( ! individual1 :i* is 8 own e*o1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( t moral v]dict1 is a ?+ ( q enorm\s au?ority4 ,b1 x w be urg$1 ! au?orities cla%4 ,! v]dict ( ,european civilisation is = monogamy2 ! v]dict ( c]ta9 o!r civilisations is q z emphatically aga9/ x4 ,does ?is mean t ! :ole di/9ction ( "r & wrong is a m]e matt] ( conv5tion8 ,no1 x does n4 ,b ev5 if x did1 ! ?+ w\ld n be z bad z p (t5 imag9e1 because conv5tion is n some?+ artificial 9 ! s5se ( contr>y to nature or fictiti\s2 a conv5tion is simply ! expression ( human nature work+ on a l>ge scale4 ,man is a be+ ^: nature x is to set up conv5tions1 & a conv5tion is a product ( human nature1 a prop]ty & m>k ( human nature1 j z mu* gravitation is a prop]ty & m>k ( me*anical nature2 & x only becomes contr>y to nature & a nuisance :5 x has surviv$ ! purpose = :i* x orig9ally grew up4 ,b none ! less !re is some?+ m ?an any conv5tion or social gr[? ab\t ! di/9ction ( "r & wrong2 ! di/9ction 9 itself is absolute & fundam5tal4 ,x is ! di/9ction betwe5 recognis+ oneself z memb] ( a community & n s recognis+ oneself4 ,morality is always recognition ( a claim on ! "p ( o!r p]sons1 ! recognition t _! po9t ( view & _! int]e/s h to be tak5 into acc\nt 9 ! det]m9ation ( my conduct4 ,z man is by nature social1 z by nature he is design$ to live 9 communities1 ! di/9ction ( "r & wrong1 t is ! recognition ( ! claim ( ! community & ( ! memb]s 9 x1 is absolute & f9al4 ,b :at is ! cont5t ( ! two t]ms "r & wrong1 :at actual action %all be call$ "r & :at wrong on any giv5 occasion1 may v>y easily accord+ to circum/ances1 accord+ to ! degree ( social developm5t & ! l4 ,!re is conduct :i* is "r at "o /age ( society & wrong at ano!r1 precisely because at "o /age x t5ds to ! heal? ( society1 :ile at ano!r x w be bad = ! heal? ( society2 j z !re are ways 9 :i* x is good f "t to "t to tra9 *ildr5 9 :i* x w\ld n be well to tra9 gr[n-up p2 & !re is conduct :i* is appropriate to e>li] /ages ( society1 because b5eficial to society1 :i* becomes inappropriate & h>mful at any o!r /age4 ,:at is "r & :at is wrong may dep5d v l>gely ^u circum/ances1 /age ( developm5t1 spiritual receptiv5ess1 & a ho/ ( o!r ?+s2 b ! di/9ction betwe5 "r & wrong itself rema9s unaffect$ by all ^!1 & absolutely fundam5tal & inv>iable4 ,n[1 h[ is x t 9 society progress is actually made 9 morals8 ,! appeal to au?ority c always be made 9 two ways4 ,x c be made 9 ! mo/ obvi\s =m 9 ! int]e/ ( m]e /agnation1 by say+1 ,:at 0 good en\gh = our fa!rs is good en\gh = u1 a ?+ nobody ev] does say2 or by say+1 ,:at is good en\gh = u is good en\gh = our *ildr51 a ?+ :i* numb]s ( p say4 ,:ile ! fir/ =m may be "s safegu>d aga9/ wild exp]im5ts--& wild exp]im5ts 9 morals are m dang]\s ?an wild exp]im5ts any:]e else 9 life1 = a reason ,i w m5tion 9 a mom5t--yet ! t5d5cy ( ?is appeal is to pure /agnation4 ,b ! "r appeal is to ask1 n :at ! great m5 ( ! pa/ actually did1 b :at 7 ! pr9ciples ^u :i* !y act$4 ,:at we want to be do+ ) ! prophets ( ! la/ g5]ation is n say+ aga91 l p>rots1 j :at !y said1 b f9d+ out ! pr9ciples & _s ( _! life & apply+ t same _s to circum/ances :i* are *ang$ j because ^? prophets liv$ & wr\ght4 ,!y w\ld n h be5 prophets1 !y w\ld n h be5 great m51 if !y _h n *ang$ 9 "s degree ! _w !y liv$ 94 ,!n j because !y h *ang$ ! _w _! action may no long] be appropriate2 x is n ! action :i* !y !mselves w\ld n[ take if !y 7 /ill alive & reta9$ _! p[] ( developm5t4 ,:at we d !n is to appeal1 n to _! conduct b to ! pr9ciple ( _! conduct4 ,s :5 ,wilb]=ce />t$ ! campaign aga9/ slav]y :at he did 0 to appeal f ! conduct ( ! ,*ur* to ! pr9ciple ( t conduct :i* x pr(ess$ & admitt$4 ,9 o!r sph]es x admitt$ ! sanctity ( human p]sonality2 b x _h nev] appli$ ?is pr9ciple to ! p>ticul> problem ( slav]y4 ,9 ?is way ! appeal to au?ority is bo? j1 safe1 & progressive4 ,x is only a fool :o w ?r[ away all t ! exp]i5ce ( ! ages has built up4 ,b ! wise/ man ( all is surely he :o1 rejoic+ 9 t great inh]itance1 c /ill appeal n to its outw>d =m1 b to its indwell+1 liv+ _s1 & c>ry =w>d ! "w :i* ! pa/ has done4 ,! ages 9 ! pa/ t we value are n ^? 9 :i* p 7 ma9ly conc]n$ to praise _! pr$ecessors1 b ^? 9 :i* m5 7 agre$ to press =w>d to :atev] new life ,god has 9 /ore4 ,s x mu/ be "h3 if we w\ld be true to ! great m5 ( ! pa/1 to ! au?ority ( ^? :o h built up our moral life1 x w n be by /&+ /ill1 b by mov+ on 9 ! direction to :i* !y po9t4 ,! appeal to au?ority1 !n1 w n be an appeal to practice1 b always an appeal to pr9ciple2 & s we %all be sav$ f t dang] ( moral exp]im5t1 a dang] t is s imm5sely great because ! individual :o has made ! exp]im5t has !reby v (t5 spoilt himself4 ,"o _c exp]im5t 9 ! moral life ) ! deta*m5t t we use 9 sci5ce4 ,i may try mix+ a c\ple ( fluids toge!r to see :at happ5s1 & ,i c reg>d ! result q accurately2 b ,i _c try ! exp]im5t ( /eal+1 or ( murd]1 9 ord] to see :at ! real moral value ( ! ?+ is1 because 9 ! process ( do+ ! act ,i %all vitiate my own s\l2 "h ! mat]ial 9 :i* we exp]im5t is itself ! in/rum5t by :i* we h to judge2 & ! man :o has once done an evil ?+ himself1 v seldom has ! same cle>ness ( vision conc]n+ its good & evil z ! man :o has kept true to "s l(ty purpose4 ,! m]e exp]im5t1 ! m]e try+ :at x feels l to be a murd]]--n t anyone w\ld take s extreme an in/ance z t--is always a me?od condemn$ 9 advance to futility1 because 9 ! process ( mak+ ! exp]im5t we de/roy our p[] ( judg+ ! result4 ,we want !re=e to rely ^u "s au?ority2 be+ unable to exp]im5t = ourselves1 we mu/ foll[ ! g5]al rule t ,i h /at$2 ! au?ority to :i* we appeal mu/ be an au?ority ( pr9ciple & n ( practice4 ,b :at ( ! au?ority ( our ,"l ,himself8 ,to u :o h accept$ x1 or :o are try+ to accept x1 x is f9al2 yet /ill1 surely1 9 ! _s r ?an 9 ! lett]4 ,:y did ,he tea* by a s]ies ( amaz+ p>adoxes if x 0 n to prev5t u sett+ up a code ( rules z ,8 legislation1 if x 0 n to =ce u back ^u ! _s ( ,8 tea*+1 beh9d ! detail$ regulations 9 :i* t _s 0 embodi$8 ,ev5 "h x is /ill true t ! appeal is to ! au?ority ( ,8 ,_s & n to t ( detail$ action or individual precept4 ,& beyond all ?is1 x is c]ta9 t ,he ,himself w9s ,8 au?ority by fir/ submitt+ ,himself to ! moral judgm5t ( ,8 p4 ,he rejects1 9 ! second & ?ird ( ! ,messianic temptations aft] ,8 baptism1 ! me?od ( co]cion4 ,he rejects ?is1 & /&s be=e m5 submitt+ ,himself to _! moral judgm5t1 to _! consci5ce1 to _! capacity to und]/& pure goodness & love1 z t capacity has gr[n ?r\gh ! civilisation :i* ,god ,himself _h guid$ z ! prep>ation = ,8 f9al revelation 9 ,8 ,son4 ,s ,he submits ,himself fir/ ( all to our moral judgm5t2 & ?us our consci5ce1 com+ d[n to u1 z x does1 out ( ! ,div9ely-guid$ hi/ory ( ! pa/1 is ! supreme au?ority2 if we *oose ,him to be ! ,guide ( our life x is because our consci5ce has fir/ pron\nc$ ,him to be ! highe/ & ! holie/1 :i* we mu/ ne$s love :5 we see x4 99,,app5dix ,,iii99 99,,on ,,ju/ice ,,& ,,education99 ,z long z !re are great numb]s ( citiz5s ^: faculties are undevelop$ x is impossible = society to be ju/ly ord]$4 ,! democracies ( ! _w h be5 curi\sly bl9d to ?is tru?1 z !y h to ! p>allel tru? t education is ess5tial to true lib]ty4 ,z long z !re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 a man's actual wor? to society & 8 pot5tial wor?1 !re w be two j claims conc]n+ him1 & no possibility ( adjudicat+ betwe5 !m4 ,to treat a man :o is 9 fact useless z ?\gh he 7 useful1 is to injure ! community by enc\rag+ a p>asite2 to treat him z useless1 :5 only lack ( opportunity has prev5t$ 8 becom+ useful1 is to injure him4 ,a va/ am\nt ( ! exi/+ social ord] is an attempt to compromise betwe5 ^! two injuries1 by inflict+ a little ( bo?4 ,! only real solution is to be f\nd 9 a complete educational sy/em :i* w raise ! actual wor? ( e man to ! level ( 8 pot5tial "w precisely by enabl+ him to realise 8 pot5tialities4 ,b education :i* is to h ?is effect1 )\t produc+ m]e selfi%ness & aggressiv5ess & !reby defeat+ its own object1 mu/ be a moralis+ =ce2 & t means1 if ! argum5t ( ,app5dix ,,ii is s\nd1 t its processes mu/ be l>gely sub-consci\s4 ,9 fact1 "o root ( ! great s9 ( ,g]many is to be f\nd 9 ! ef=t to control life ?r\gh ! highly develop$ consci\s intellect4 ,! specialis$ tra9+ ( adm9i/rators & ! attempt to guide human action by sci5tific me?od is doom$ to failure4 ,if x 7 possible to collect all ! relevant facts1 x might be "r m]ely to =m an inductive conclusion & act ^u x4 ,b 9 reg>d ( any human problem x is nev] possible to collect all ! facts2 !y are at once too num]\s & too subtly diff]5tiat$4 ,consequ5tly ! ,engli% me?od1 ?\gh grotesquely defici5t j :]e ! ,g]man is /rong1 is yet morally pref]able & politically m successful4 ,x takes a boy & ?r[s him into a society ( boys :i* l>gely gov]ns itself2 appall+ risks are tak5 & disa/]s are n unkn[n2 boy /&>ds are all[$ to prevail1 ) ! result t =m-"w is reg>d$ z a tiresome ?\gh inevitable adjunct r ?an ! *ief bus9ess ( s*ool life4 ,p]haps x is z well to m5tion "h t ! exaltation ( games ov] "w1 h[ev] disa/r\s 9 its exagg]ation1 is yet morally s\nd2 = ! boy feels t 9 8 games he plays = 8 h\se & s*ool1 :ile 8 "w is done = himself4 ,wise s5iors w tell him f ! pulpit t he %\ld "w h>d at s*ool s z to fit himself = ! s]vice ( ! community 9 lat] ye>s2 & ?is is true en\gh2 b ! boy w be a t]rible prig if he is cont9ually consci\s ( its tru?4 ,! same pr9ciple det]m9es our ,univ]sity ideal4 ,! prim>y te/ = a degree is resid5ce--t is1 an adequate %>e 9 a g5]al life4 ,colleges may require att5dance at lectures1 b ! ,univ]sity does n4 ,x dem&s t a c&idate = a degree %\ld h "s k--n v mu*1 x is true--b x nev] asks :]e or h[ he got x2 x only asks if he has kept 8 t]ms4 ,at ! end ( ! process !re are "s failures1 ( c\rse2 b ^? :o repres5t ! sy/em's success1 & !y are ! great majority1 ?\gh !y may n h any l>ge am\nt ( k1 h acquir$ ! in/9ct to act wisely 9 almo/ any em]g5cy ) :i* !y may be confront$4 ,v (t5 !y c\ld n give any !oretical gr\nd = act+ z !y d1 = _! wisdom is l>gely sub-consci\s or in/9ctive2 b ! action is "r all ! same4 ,9 ,engl& we are at ! pres5t "t witness+ ! collision ( two educational types1 ( :i* ,i h outl9$ ! old] & m traditional4 ,b ?is collision is itself ( su* exce$+ int]e/ t1 at ! risk ( "s repetition1 ,i w\ld v5ture to sket* out ! two oppos+ types & attempt to indicate ! mode ( _! int]action4 ,! aim ( education may be def9$ z ! attempt to tra9 m5 & wom5 to und]/& ! _w !y live 91 s t !y may be able to assi/ or resi/ ! t5d5cies ( _! "t 9 ! light ( ideals & /&>ds re/+ on ! wide/ possible f\ndation ( k & exp]i5ce4 ,n[1 our educational hi/ory = ! la/ hundr$ ye>s has be5 ! result ( ! int]action betwe5 two pr$om9ant educational types1 :i* ,i may call1 simply = ! purposes ( description1 ! traditional & ! mod]n4 ,! traditional type comes d[n to u 7) modifications1 no d\bt7 by a cont9u\s hi/ory f ! ,middle ,ages1 & its *ief repres5tatives 9 ,engl& at ! pres5t "t are ^? l>ge private in/itutions :i* are call$ public s*ools1 & ! two old] univ]sities4 ,! fir/ great m>k ( ?is type ( education is t 9 practice--:atev] its !ory may h be5--9 practice x is corporate4 ,x has believ$ 9 educat+ p r ?r\gh influ5ce ?an ?r\gh in/ruction1 & x has believ$ 9 educat+ !m 9 direct relation to _! social context & sett+4 ,n[ t1 9 a c\ntry ( ari/ocratic organisation1 inevitably involv$ an exclusive & ari/ocratic type ( education4 ,if y h got a society /ratifi$ 9 lay]s "o above ! o!r1 & y are !n go+ to educate p 9 direct relation to _! social context1 y\r educational sy/em is b\nd to be simil>ly /ratifi$4 ,t is inevitable1 & consequ5tly1 ?r\gh ! social conditions ( ! "t1 ! education :i* is mo/ /rongly corporate 9 tone & _s has also t5d$ to be ari/ocratic4 ,z ,i h said1 ?is me?od deals ) p r ?r\gh influ5ce ?an ?r\gh in/ruction4 ,( c\rse1 x does n ignore in/ruction1 b x is true t n v long ago ,i he>d a v di/+ui%$ lady ask$ :e!r a c]ta9 s*ool 0 :at we call a public s*ool2 ,oh1 yes1 %e repli$1 x is a real public s*ool4 ,i mean !y don't le>n any?+ !re4 ,! in/rum5ts :i* = ! mo/ "p ?is education has us$ h be5 ! great lit]atures ( all ages1 & p>ticul>ly ! lit]atures ( ,greece & ,rome1 & _! civilisations4 ,^! lit]atures & civilisations h a great advantage ov] all o!rs z in/rum5ts ( education1 because1 :ile !y are 9 _m ways closely ak9 to our own1 :i* are desc5d$ f !m1 !y are complete & c be /udi$ 9 _! entirety4 ,! aim ( ?is type ( education has be5 to br+ ! /ud5t's m9d into close/ possible contact ) ! greate/ m9ds ( ! human race 9 all ages1 ) ! m9ds t h done or attempt$ mo/ 79 hi/ory71 ) ! m9ds t h ?\ght mo/ accurately & deeply 79 sci5ce & philosophy71 ) ! m9ds t h felt mo/ t5d]ly & truly 79 poetry74 ,x may1 or may n1 succe$ 9 t aim4 ,x may attempt x 9 ! case ( individual /ud5ts :o are p>ticul>ly ill-suit$ = x2 b t is its aim1 & no "o is go+ to say t x is an ignoble aim4 ,9 do+ ?is1 x has suppli$ to ^? :o h be5 mo/ able to pr(it by x /&>ds ( judgm5t1 /&>ds ( criticism4 ,?is enables a man to /& ap>t f ! t5d5cies ( ! mom5t & to pron\nce judgm5t on !m 9 ! light ( :at has be5 be/ 9 human exp]i5ce4 ,^? are ! /ronge/ po9ts1 z ,i consid]1 ( ! old traditional type4 ,b x has c]ta9 faults1 "o ( :i* ,i h already m5tion$1 :i* is a fault 9 our day if x 0 n a fault 9 ! day 9 :i* ?is type ( education became pr$om9ant4 ,i mean t x is liable to be exclusive1 to %ut up p )9 ! limits ( _! own class s t !y are unable to acquire any liv+ acqua9tance ) ! great movem5ts go+ on 9 ! _w ar\nd !m4 ,! o!r sy/em has n ^! p>ticul> evils2 ?is m mod]n type ( education1 s f> z y c draw l9es across hi/ory at all1 may be said to beg9 ) ,r\sseau2 x is pr$om9antly individual r ?an corporate1 intellectual r ?an spiritual1 democratic r ?an ari/ocratic2 x supplies p ) k ( facts r ?an ) /&>ds ( judgm5t4 ,x is individual r ?an corporate1 = x began to take possession ( ! _w :5 ! =ces ( progress 7 almo/ all ( !m /rongly individuali/ic2 at t "t ! dem& ( democracy 0 = ! abolition ( privileges1 ! break+ d[n ( class re/rictions & ! insi/5ce t ! individual mu/ be able to live 8 own life2 ) all ( :i* we entirely agree1 ?\gh we ?9k x ne$s a good deal ( supplem5t+2 &1 consequ5tly1 its t5d5cy has be5 to sugge/ to p t ! aim ( education is t !y may get on 9 ! _w4 ,! in/rum5t :i* x has us$ has be5 = ! mo/ "p in/ruction1 & its appeal has be51 n z 9 ! traditional sy/em to sympa?y & imag9ation1 b to intellig5ce & memory4 ,?is1 x seems to me1 is precisely because x believes 9 ! c>e] op5 to tal5t1 & s f> cuts across all social divisions4 ,its ideal is ! educational ladd]4 ,n[ !re w\ld be no objection to ! educational ladd] if p w5t d[n x z well z up1 if1 t is to say1 m5 ( small ability & "* always sank 9 ! social scale & m5 ( great ability & "* always rose4 ,b s long z y h social classes ma9ta9$ 9 _! position1 n by ability & "* alone1 b by ! m]e accid5t ( possession1 s long x w be true t to lift a man by education f "o social /ratum to ano!r is to expose him to a t]rible temptation--! temptation to despise 8 own p4 ,& :5 once a man's native sympa?ies h be5 root$ up1 x is h>d = any m to gr[4 ,!re is real dang] t ! m mod]n type ( education may s]ve to produce a race ( self-seek]s4 ,b ?is mod]n type has great advantages4 ,x is alive & 9 t\* ) ! _w at ! mom5t2 & ! p :o receive education ( ?is k9d w probably be v vitally aw>e ( mo/ ( ! liv+ int]e/s ( _! own "t4 ,b x fails to supply /&>ds ( judgm5t4 ,n[1 ( c\rse1 no exi/+ in/itution belongs purely & entirely to ei!r ( ^! types2 b we c all ?9k easily ( in/itutions 9 :i* "o or ! o!r is ! pr$om9ant *>act]i/ic4 ,& "o ( our tr\bles is t mo/ p>5ts l ! faults & dislike ! virtues ( bo? types4 ,!y l ! ari/ocratic & exclusive tone ( ! traditional type2 & !y l ! pu%fulness & get-on-9-!-_w tone ( ! mod]n type4 ,! great problem be=e ! educational _w 9 ! next p]iod is to draw ! two types & t5d5cies 9 education clos] toge!r1 to leave ! :ole /r5g? ( bo? unimpair$1 b to unite !m4 ,x is n easy to d4 ,x is a v big problem1 easily /at$1 b v h>d to solve 9 practice4 ,i w\ld sugge/ t "o ( ! flaws ( ! mod]n t5d5cy is t x leaves p v /rongly aw>e ( :at is go+ on at ! mom5t1 b n always equally aw>e ( :at has be5 ?\ght by ! greate/ m5 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,?is is v liable to lead p to suppose t :atev] is mod]n is on t acc\nt good4 ,n[ t is exactly z fooli% z to suppose t :atev] is anci5t is !re=e good4 ,! fact its antiquity or mod]nity has no?+ to d ) its value at ! pres5t mom5t4 ,( c\rse1 x is true t any in/itution :i* has la/$ ?r\gh _m c5turies is likely to be ( use aga91 ?\gh we may always h j rea*$ ! po9t at :i* x beg9s to be an incubus4 ,( c\rse1 x is true t an idea :i* arises out ( ! /ress ( life at ! mom5t is v likely to be v well adapt$ to ! realities ( t mom5t 9 :i* x arises1 b1 also1 x may be well adapt$ to assi/ a d[nw>d c\rse4 ,:at we want is t ! p %all "k ! facts & also h ! p[] to judge !m--to be able1 z ,i said1 to assi/ or resi/ ! t5d5cies ( _! "t1 9 ! light ( ! be/ ideals & /&>ds4 ,!re is a v /rong incl9ation among _m ( u 7,i am p]sonally v mu* aw>e ( x 9 myself7 to ?9k t ! new ?+ mu/ be good2 & yet "o rememb]s ! words ( ,cl\gh3-- ',old ?+s ne$ n be !re=e true1' ,oh1 bro!r m56 nor yet ! new4 ,aga91 ! old type :i* tra9s p ?r\gh _! social sett+ is v l>gely co-op]ative 9 its me?ods4 ,x m]ges ! individual 9 8 s*ool1 or 8 college1 s t he comes q g5u9ely to c>e m ke5ly = ! welf>e ( 8 h\se & s*ool & college ?an = 8 own progress4 ,nobody :o has _h any int]c\rse at all ) ! life ( public s*ools or univ]sities c d\bt t4 ,! mod]n me?od1 on ! :ole1 ,i suppose1 tru/s ma9ly r to competition4 ,x aims at assi/+ p to put out _! be/ en]gy by pitt+ !m aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,i want to raise a v s]i\s "q to :i* ,i am n prep>$ to give an answ]4 ,i want all p int]e/$ 9 education to consid] x4 ,is x wor? :ile to get ! greate/ ef=t out ( a p]son at ! co/ ( tea*+ him t he is to make ef=ts 9 8 own int]e/8 ,i am v d\btful4 ,i he>d a little :ile ago a di/+ui%$ s*oolma/] describe ! visit ( ! fa!r ( "o ( ! boys 9 8 h\se2 ! boy 0 be+ v idle1 & ?is di/+ui%$ man said1 ,i wi% y w\ld speak to him z s]i\sly z ev] y c2 ! fa!r said1 ,i w4 ,he saw ! boy & :5 he came back he said1 ,i spoke to him v s]i\sly1 9 fact ,i spoke to him q religi\sly4 ,i said ',y mu/ be gett+ along1 y "k1 or o!r p w be pu%+ pa/ y4' ,! religion w\ld appeal to be ( a ,d>w9ian type4 ,n[ ,i wi% to express a purely p]sonal conviction ) reg>d to ^! two types ( tea*+1 & x is ?is3 :ile we h got to incorporate all1 or at any rate1 ne>ly all1 t ! m mod]n type ( education has giv5 u1 x has got to be us$ 9 su* a way z to leave ! great m>ks ( ! traditional type pr$om9ant4 ,education1 ,i hold1 %\ld rema9 prim>ily corporate r ?an individual1 prim>ily spiritual 7t is1 effective ?r\gh influ5ce1 & ?r\gh an appeal to sympa?y & imag9ation71 r ?an prim>ily intellectual 7t is1 effective ?r\gh an appeal to intellig5ce & memory71 prim>ily conc]n$ ) giv+ p ! p[] to pron\nce judgm5t on any facts ) :i* !y may come 9 contact r ?an supply+ !m simply ) ! facts4 ,x %\ld be prim>ily co-op]ative & n prim>ily competitive4 ,x is ma9ly ! new democratic movem5ts 9 education :i* h emphasis$ ?is view4 ,inde$1 ! ,work]s' ,educational ,association has und]/ood m def9itely ?an any o!r body ,i am aw>e (1 t :at x f9ds ( supreme value 9 ! great c5tres ( education is ! _s ( ! place r ?an ! in/ruction2 & ^? ( u :o h receiv$ ! be/1 or at all ev5ts h be5 9 a position to receive ! be/1 t ,ox=d c give1 & ^? :o h _h j a ta/e ( h] treasures at ! ,summ] ,s*ool1 w agree t ,ox=d does m = u ?an any lectures d4 ,b :ile we say t1 we ne$ also to insi/ on a great] en]gy & effici5cy1 a great] & m liv+ contact ) ! _w ( to-day 9 "s1 at lea/1 ( ! c5tres ( ! old traditional type4 ,yet x is ! traditional type t mu/ control1 because ! traditional type on ! :ole /&s = _s aga9/ ma*9]y4 ,i h no d\bt x is true t ! old s*ools & univ]sities are amateuri% 9 me?od2 & ,i h no d\bt t we ought to organise ourselves m effici5tly4 ,!re is a good deal ( wa/e t may be sav$2 b ,i %all regret ! day :5 we become effici5t at ! co/ ( our _s4 ,i believe t 9 ! ,univ]sity ,tutorial ,classes organis$ by ! ,work]s' ,educational ,association y w f9d ^u ! :ole ! s\nde/ educational pr9ciples :i* are at ?is mom5t op]ative any:]e 9 ,engl&4 ,! classes *oose _! own subjects1 &1 z a g5]al rule1 !y *oose ^? subjects ab\t :i* nobody kn[s ! tru?4 ,^? are always ! be/ in/rum5ts ( education2 = if anyone kn[s ! tru?1 he has only to say :at x is & 8 he>]s believe him4 ,t may be in/ruction1 b x is n education4 ,real education is always be/ conduct$ z a jo9t se>* = tru?2 & 9 ^! ,tutorial ,classes we h1 n "o tea*] & ?irty he>]s1 b ?irty-"o fell[ /ud5ts1 "o ( :om has comm5c$ ! /udy e>li] ?an ! re/1 & c !re=e act z guide4 ,^! are wide-rea*+ problems2 &1 inde$1 !re is no limit to ! range ( ! influ5ce ( education4 ,x is ! supreme reg5]ative =ce4 ,:at is ! *ief ob/acle ( all :o "w = progress 9 any dep>tm5t ( life8 ,always ! apa?y ( ^? :om we especially wi% to help4 ,& :y are !y apa!tic8 ,simply because !y h _h no opportunity ( f9d+ out :at is ! life f :i* !y are exclud$4 ,b op5 by ! m]e/ *9k ! door ( t treasure-h\se :]e9 are conta9$ ! g>n]$ /ores ( lit]ature & sci5ce1 ( hi/ory & art1 & !y w be =emo/ 9 dem&+ t !y %all no long] be exclud$ f ! bir?right ( ! sons ( civilisation4 ,^! are ! good ?+s ( :i* no "o is depriv$ because ano!r possesses !m2 !y are ! true social goods ( :i* possession by "o r$\nds to ! enri*m5t ( all4 ,x is ! ta/e ( !m t c mo/ /imulate ! zeal = progress2 & z x supplies ! motive p[]1 s x supplies also ! directive wisdom4 ,! p]fect+ & expansion ( our education is j :at is mo/ vital = social progress to-day1 & = ! e/abli%m5t ( real ju/ice 9 our social life1 = x alone c br+ )9 ! rea* ( all t k :i* is at once ! s\rce ( p[] & ! gu>antee t ! p[] %all be b5efic5t4 99,,app5dix ,,iv99 99,,on ,,ord]s ,,& ,,ca?olicity99 ,! position tak5 9 ! text ( ^! lectures might be summ>is$ z foll[s3 ,x is ! liv+ body :i* gives au?ority to its ,ord]s2 x is n ! possession ( valid ,ord]s :i* gives au?ority to ! body4 ,9 support ( ?is view ,i h ! k9d p]mission ( ,dr4 ,headlam to quote ! foll[+ f 8 article--,notes on ,reunion3 ,! ,kikuyu ,conf]5ce1 9 ! ,*ur* ,qu>t]ly ,review = ,janu>y1 #aiad4 ,on ,decemb] #bj?1 #aiab1 ! ,bi%op ( ,madras deliv]$ an in=mal spee* to ! memb]s ( ! ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,mission>ies1 at ,calcutta4 ,?is creat$ 9 ,india & else:]e a consid]able am\nt ( s5sation4 ,z 9 t spee* he ref]r$ to some?+ :i* ! pres5t writ] _h writt5 & to an article 9 ! ,*ur* ,qu>t]ly ,review by ,dr4 ,fr]e1 & z 8 spee* has be5 v widely misund]/ood1 ,i ?9k ,i may be all[$ to ref] briefly to ! po9ts he rais$4 ,! views :i* he prop\nd$ 7 ^? :i* ,i _h put =w>d 9 ! ',pray] ,book ,diction>y1' & ,i %\ld l to be all[$ to quote !m aga93 ,! ,reorganisation ( ,wor%ip1 by ,w4 ,h4 ,fr]e1 ,d4,d41 ,sup]ior ( ! ,community ( ! ,resurrection1 ,mirfield 7,*ur* ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,octob]1 #aiab74 ,if we comb9e ! ,patri/ic !ory ( ,ord]s ) ! rule ( ord9ation1 we %all be able to put ! idea ( ,apo/olic ,succession into its "r place4 ,x is really a d$uction f ! "r !ory ( ,ord]s1 & ! mi/ake has be5 to make ,ord]s dep5d ^u ,apo/olic ,succession & transmission4 ,! au?ority to consecrate & orda91 or to p]=m all spiritual (fices1 resides 9 & comes f ! ,*ur* to :i* ,god gives ,8 ,holy ,_s4 ,f ! beg9n+ ?is "w ( ! ,*ur* has be5 ex]cis$ by ^? :o h receiv$ a commission = x1 & ! rule ( ! ,*ur* has be5 t t commission %\ld always be giv5 by ^? :o h receiv$ au?ority f o!rs ) a simil> commission4 ,! hi/orical fact1 !re=e1 ( ,apo/olic ,succession has result$ f ! rule ( ! ,*ur* be+ always regul>ly c>ri$ out4 ,if ?is be correct1 ! foll[+ fur!r d$uctions may be made3 #a4 ,! idea ( 'transmission' is an additional & late conception :i*1 in/ead ( express+ ! idea ( ,succession1 has1 by its exagg]ation ( x l$ to a rigid & me*anical !ory ( ! ,m9i/ry4 #b4 ,z ! grace ( ,ord]s dep5ds ^u ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* & n ^u me*anical transmission1 all objections f suppos$ irregul>ities ( ord9ation are beside ! po9t1 & ! op9ions ( *ur*m5 & o!rs :o h ma9ta9$ t 9 c]ta9 circum/ances a presbyt] may orda9 are expla9$4 ,ord9ation dep5ds ^u ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 & n ! ,*ur* ^u ord9ation4 #c4 ,! idea ( ,succession1 :i* results f ! ,*ur*'s rule ( ord9ation1 is an hi/orical fact1 & n a doctr9e4 ,x repres5ts an ext]nal connection ) ! fir/ beg9n+s ( ,*ri/ianity ( inf9ite value = ! ,*ur*2 & no?+ %\ld be done to break su* a connection1 z x acts l a l9k = b9d+ toge!r ! ,*ur*es z p>ts ( a liv+ :ole4 #d4 ,"o "p ( ! "w ( ,*ri/ian reunion %\ld be to re/ore & secure ! l9ks ( ,succession ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w2 b no rigidity or me*anical !ory ( ,ord]s ne$ compel u to d5y div9e grace to ^? sep>at$ f u4 ,! ,pray] ,book ,diction>y 7,sir ,isaac ,pitman & ,sons1 ,ltd41 #aiab71 p4 #db4 ,! p>ticul> po9t t ,i wi% to emphasise is t !re are two ?+s to be sep>at$--! "o ! rule ( ! ,*ur*1 ! o!r ! !ory ( t rule4 ,i d n believe t x w\ld be possible on any ,ca?olic pr9ciple to dep>t f ! rule ( ! ,*ur* ) reg>d to ,ord]s2 ,i %\ld g fur!r & say t ,i believe t no real reunion w\ld ultimately be possible except on ! basis ( t rule4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 h[ev]1 cont9u\s emphasis is laid on ! !ory ( ,ord]s1 & t !ory is (t5 put z an extreme =m ( a me*anical conception ( ! ,apo/olic ,succession4 ,n[ x is q true t f ! beg9n+ ,bi%ops h be5 look$ ^u z '! successors' ( ! ,apo/les1 b ,i c f9d no au?oritative int]pretation ( t phrase o!r ?an t !y p]=m at ! pres5t day ^? functions ( ! ,apo/les :i* 7 n miracul\s or extraord9>y4 ,nei!r ! =mul>ies ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& nor1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ^? ( any o!r ,*ur*1 lay d[n any !ory ( m9i/ry1 & to impose1 !re=e1 any su* !ory on ! ,*ur* is to dep>t f ,ca?olic tradition4 ,see1 = example1 ,van ,esp51 i4 #af1 #a4 ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 ,sessio xxiii41 ,cap4 iv4 ,an incid5tal result ( ?is is t our attitude t[>ds ,sacram5ts ( ,noncon=mi/ bodies w n p>take ( t rigid "* :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( "s 9 ! pres5t day4 ,we are glad to see t ,dr4 ,s&ay takes exception to ^!4 ',x seems to me to be a v delicate matt]1 &1 inde$1 sc>cely admissible = "o ,*ri/ian body to take ^u itself to pron\nce ^u ! validity or o!rwise ( ! m9i/rations ( ano!r4 ,i ?9k t at lea/ ! "q ought n to be put 9 t bald & sweep+ =m4' ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,dr4 ,pusey w\ld h be5 equally av]se to su* language4 ,he ( c\rse accepts ! doctr9e ( ,apo/olic ,succession 9 v def9ite =m1 b he writes z foll[s3 ',b :ile ma9ta9+ t !y only are commission$ to adm9i/] ! ,sacram5ts :o h receiv$ t commission f ^? appo9t$ 9 succession to be/[ x1 we h nev] d5i$ t ,god may make ,8 own sacram5ts efficaci\s ev5 :5 irregul>ly adm9i/]$2 we %\ld tru/ x might be s4' ,x w\ld be ( great advantage if we 7 to speak ( non-episcopal ord]s & sacram5ts z 'irregul>1' :i* we "k !y are1 n z 'invalid1' ab\t :i* we "k no?+4 ,) ^! words ( ,dr4 ,headlam ,i am 9 pr(\nd agreem5t4 ,b !re is ano!r q diff]5t matt] to :i* ,i w\ld allude4 ,if ! ,*ur* is inde$ to be ! vehicle ( ! p[] ( ,*ri/ 9 its pl5itude1 x mu/ be ,ca?olic n only 9 pr9ciple & "r1 b 9 actual fact4 ,deep] ?an all divisions ( ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant is ! division ( ! great human family--,european1 ,indian1 ,*9ese1 & s =?4 ,^! great civilisations mu/ ea* br+ its own gift1 consecrat$ by ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 to ! life ( ! :ole ,body be=e t ,body reveals ! measure ( ! fulness ( ! /ature ( ,*ri/4 ,a m]ely ,european ,*ur* _c be fully ,ca?olic1 nor c x ev] d1 ev5 = ,europe1 :at ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is call$ by ,god to d = ! nations :i* become its prov9ces4 99,,app5dix ,v99 99,,on ,,provid5ce ,,9 ,,hi/ory99 ,! mo/ out/&+ facts 9 ! hi/ory kn[n to u1 :i* pla9ly reveal ! provid5tial guidance ( its c\rse1 are ! c>e]s ( ,alex&] ! ,great & ,napoleon4 ,!re _h develop$ 9 ,greece ! :ole _s ( civilisation 9 ref]5ce to ! small problems ( ! city-/ate2 ! :ole pr9ciple ( civilisation :i* _h be5 ?us work$ out 0 n[ e/abli%$2 ,greek civilisation 0 s p]fectly develop$ t x _h ev5 a p]fect !ory ( itself 9 ,plato & ,ari/otle4 ,j at ?is mom5t !re appe>s ^u ! sc5e ! absolutely amaz+ figure--,alex&] ( ,mac$on1 himself ! pupil ( ! man 9 :om ! ,greek _s rea*$ its f9al =mulation4 ,he c>ries t _s 9 8 a/\nd+ triumphs ?r\gh ,asia ,m9or & ,syria to ! ,we/]n ,prov9ces ( ,india4 ,z a milit>y a*ievem5t ! m]e lead+ ( 8 troops to ! banks ( ! ,indus is "o ( ! supreme wond]s ( ! _w4 ,no d\bt he 0 consci\s ( a mission to spread ! gifts :i* ,greece held 9 tru/ = humanity2 b also no d\bt he 0 v mu* conc]n$ ) ! political fabric :i* 8 conque/s set up4 ,! mom5t 8 "w is f9i%$1 he himself dies4 ,politically 8 ,empire 0 n e/abli%$ & x imm$iately fell to pieces4 ,spiritually x rema9$4 ,x suppli$ ! inspiration ( ,*&ra gupta1 & ! c>e] ( ,asoka is un9telligible ap>t f ,alex&]4 ,! arrival ( ! ,greeks 9 ,india is1 ,i am assur$1 ! beg9n+ ( all t we n[ und]/& by ,indian art4 ,f> m important to ! hi/ory ( ! _w 0 ! br++ ( ,greek culture into ,pale/9e2 ?is culture 9 itself 0 no d\bt decad5t1 & ! ,*asidim & ,ph>isees 7 "r en\gh to resi/ x3 yet ! leav5 ( ?is humanis+ influ5ce is an ess5tial "p ( ! prep>ation = ! ,inc>nation 9 ! soil ( ,judaism4 ,x is to be notic$ t ,galilee 0 a region p>ticul>ly affect$ by ! ,greek influ5ce & ! settlem5t ( ,decapolis 0 /ill ma9ly ,greek 9 ! ,gospel p]iod4 ,asoka & ,/4 ,paul are n at all ! k9d ( successors t ,alex&] w\ld h anticipat$ or desir$1 b 8 consci\s desires 7 utilis$ by ,provid5ce to s]ve an end ( :i* he nev] dream$4 ,8 e>ly dea? be=e 8 ,empire c\ld be consolidat$ 9 a political s5se is z m>k$ly provid5tial z 8 em]g5ce at ! precise mom5t ( hi/ory :5 he appe>s ^u ! sc5e4 ,! case is simil> ) ,napoleon4 ,alex&] at 8 dea? 0 #cb ye>s old4 ,napoleon 0 #eb4 ,he also appe>s at a critical mom5t1 is active precisely z long z he c s]ve :at we n[ see to h be5 ! cause ( progress1 & is !n remov$4 ,! great feature ( ! p]iod is ! gr[? ( ! s5tim5t ( nationality4 ,?is is ! s5se ( memb]%ip 9 a p unit$ by common *>act]i/ics & a common purpose2 x is !re=e always democratic 9 _s ?\gh x ne$ n at all necess>ily be democratic 9 ma*9]y4 ,! old ,european con/itutions1 :i* _h be5 valuable en\gh 9 _! "t1 7 becom+ a b>ri] to its fur!r developm5t2 ! flood ( progress bur/ ! dam 9 ,france1 & soon aft] !re appe>s ! supreme g5ius1 n himself a ,fr5*man1 :o 0 to c>ry ! _s ( :i* ,france _h j become consci\sly possess$ ?r\gh ! entire l5g? & bread? ( ,europe4 ,napoleon1 l ,alex&]1 0 consci\s ( 8 mission2 he ?\ght ( himself z be+ ! organ ( ! ,revolution2 he is report$ to h said t moral pr9ciples did n apply to him2 !y appli$ only to p]sons1 & he 0 a =ce4 ,b !re c be no d\bt t he 0 z mu* conc]n$ ) e/abli%+ a va/ ,fr5* ,empire z he 0 ) m]ely c>ry+ ! pr9ciples ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution into ! o!r nations4 ,he is all[$ success s long z ! "w ( de/ruction is /ill ne$$2 8 activities fir/ z g5]al & !n z rul] began ! unification alike ( ,italy & ,g]many2 b z soon z ! spiritual "w :i* he 0 to d is fully accompli%$1 ! political con/ruction1 :i* 0 z a great scaffold+ surr\nd+ x1 falls to pieces1 & he is driv5 into exile to end 8 days 9 solitude & impot5ce4 ,p]haps "s day p w look back ^u ! horror t n[ lies ^u ! _w & n only believe t ,god 0 active 9 x1 b see ! bless+s :i* ,he 0 conf]r+ by its means4 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,by ,,ri*>d ,,clay ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,,brunswick ,,/reet1 ,,/am=d ,,/reet1 ,s4,e4 ,,& ,,bungay1 ,,suffolk4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99,by ! ,rev4 ,,william ,,temple499 ,,! ,,fai? ,,& ,,mod]n ,,?\ght4 ,,six ,,lectures4 ,) an ,introduction by ,pr(essor ,mi*ael ,sadl]4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god4 ,a ,,c\rse ,,( ,,f\r ,,lectures4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,p]sonality4 ,a ,,c\rse ,,( ,,lectures4 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,! ,,_s ,,& ,,tru? ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4 ,,be+ ,,univ]sity ,,& ,,s*ool ,,s]mons4 ,,repton ,,s*ool ,,s]mons4 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,inc>nation4 ,,f\ndations4 ,a ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,belief ,,9 ,,t]ms ,,( ,,mod]n ,,?\ght4 ,by ,sev5 ,ox=d ,m53 ,b4 ,h4 ,,/reet]1 ,r4 ,,brook1 ,w4 ,h4 ,,mob]ly1 ,r4 ,g4 ,,p>sons1 ,a4 ,e4 ,j4 ,,rawl9son1 ,n4 ,s4 ,,talbot1 ,w4 ,,temple4 ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,ltd4