,,note ,,to ,,! ,,ppv] ,,& ,,ww] ,! tables h be5 left z a replica ( ! orig9al because !re is no way to ensure a cle> read+ if ! size is r$uc$4 ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d5 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,good ,,collection ,,( ,,home-,,gr[n ,,vegetables ,illu/ration3 ,,lettuce ,,matur+ ,,9 ,,home-,,made ,,cold ,,frame ,! ,vegetable ,g>d5 ,,:at1 ,,:51 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,plant ,repr9t$ f ,! ,f>m]'s ,cyclop$ia ,,g>d5 ,,city ,,new ,,york ,,d\bl$ay1 ,,page ,,company #aiag ,copyright1 #aiab1 by ,,agricultural ,,s]vice ,,company ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,all rights res]v$ ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,its ,importance #c ,location #e ,plan & ,arrangem5t #e ,f]tiliz]s #g ,prep>ation ( ! ,soil #i ,"t ( ,plant+ #aj ,selection ( ,se$ #aj ,s[+ & ,plant+ #aa ,tools #ae ,mul*+ #ae ,irrigation #ah ,?9n+ #ai ,transplant+ #ai ,sett+ 9 ! ,op5 ,gr\nd #bj ,protection ( ,plants #ba ,h>ve/+1 ,pack+ & ,%ipp+ #bb ,cann+ ,vegetables on ! ,f>m #bc ,/or+ #bg ,e>ly ,plants 9 ,hotb$s #bi ,h&l+ ,plants #cj ,frames ,us$ 9 ,truck ,gr[+ #ca ,v5tilation #cc ,soils & ,f]tiliz]s #cd ,wat]+ ,crops #cd ,g>d5 ,products3 ,anise #ce ,arti*oke #ce ,asp>agus #ce ,beans #dj ,beans1 ,lima #df ,beets #dg ,borage #dh ,broccoli #dh ,brussels ,spr\ts #di ,cabbage #di ,calaba% #ea ,cantal\pe #eb ,c>doon #ec ,c>rot #ed ,caulifl[] #ed ,cel]iac #eg ,cel]y #eg ,cetewayo #fd ,*ayote #fd ,*]vil #fd ,*icory #fd ,*ile #fe ,*ive #ff ,citron #ff ,coll>ds #fg ,corn ,salad #fg ,cress #fg ,cucumb]s #fg ,d&elion #ga ,dill #gb ,egg ,plant #gb ,endive #gb ,f5nel #gc ,g>lic #gc ,g+] #gc ,h]bs #gc ,horse ,radi% #gd ,ice ,plant #gc ,kale #gd ,kohl-,rabi #gd ,leek #ge ,lettuce #ge ,ll]5 #ge ,m>tynia #gf ,melon--,muskmelon #gf ,melon--,wat]melon #ha ,mu/>d #hb ,na/urtium #hb ,new ,zeal& ,sp9a* #hc ,okra #hc ,onions #he ,p>sley #ie ,p>snip #ie ,peas #ie ,pepp]s #if ,physalis #if ,potato #ig ,pumpk9 #aaf ,radi% #aaf ,rhub>b #aaf ,ruta-,baga #aag ,salsify #aag ,scolymus #aag ,skirret #aag ,sorrel #aah ,sp9a* #aah ,squa% #aah ,/a*ys #aah ,sweet ,basil #aai ,sweet ,corn #aai ,sweet ,m>joram #aai ,sweet ,potato #aai ,swiss ,*>d #abh ,?yme #abh ,tomatoes #abh ,turnips #acg ,vegetable ,m>r[ #acg ,quantity ( ,se$ to ,plant #ach ,composition ( ,roots #adj ,au?orities ,consult$ #adj ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,a ,good ,collection ( ,home-,gr[n ,vegetables4 ,lettuce ,matur+ 9 ,home-,made ,,cold ,,frame ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,liquid ,manure is ,"o ( ! ,be/ ,act+ ,f]tiliz]s #h ,! ,:eel ,hoe is ! ,h&ie/ ,g>d5 ,tool #af ,! ,easie/ ,runn+ ,:eel ,hoe ,valuable = ,ma9ta9+ a ,du/ ,mul* #af ,tempor>y ,hotb$s 9 a ,city ,back ,y>d #cj ,%[+ ,vegetables ,gr[+ 9 ,hotb$ #cb ,cel]y ,bank$ ,) ,e>? to ,blan* ,x #fb ,japanese ,climb+ ,cucumb]s1 ,ne>ly ,six ,feet ,f ! ,gr\nd #fh ,well-,gr[n ,cucumb]s #fh ,?or\gh ,cultivation ( ! ,gr[+ ,crop is an ,ess5tial ( ,successful ,potato ,rais+ #aaj ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d5 ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d5 ,p]haps ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n f>ms is ! home vegetable g>d54 ,ev5 :]e no or*>d has be5 plant$1 & :]e ! ornam5tal surr\nd+s ( ! home h be5 neglect$1 a fairly well-kept g>d5 9 :i* are gr[n a numb] ( ! /aple k9ds ( vegetables is g5]ally to be f\nd4 ,9 _m cases ! pr9cipal int]e/ 9 ! g>d5 is manife/$ by ! wom5 ( ! h\sehold & mu* ( ! necess>y c>e is giv5 by !m4 ,a small portion ( ! g>d5 inclosure is g5]ally devot$ to ! cultivation ( fl[]s1 & a numb] ( m$ic9al plants is inv>iably pres5t4 ,?r\gh\t ! new] p>ts ( ! c\ntry x is se5 t ! conditions gov]n+ ! ma9t5ance & use ( ! vegetable g>d5 are some:at diff]5t1 &1 :ile a numb] ( vegetable crops may be gr[n some:]e on ! f>m1 !re is want+ t di/9ction s *>act]i/ic ( ! typical ,new ,engl& kit*5 g>d54 ,x w\ld be impossible to make an accurate e/imate ( ! value ( crops gr[n 9 ! kit*5 g>d5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b f c>eful obs]vation ! /atem5t c safely be made t a well-kept g>d5 w yield a return t5 to fifte5 times great] ?an w\ld ! same area & location if devot$ to g5]al f>m crops4 ,a half acre devot$ to ! v>i\s k9ds ( g>d5 crops w easily supply a family ) #ajj wor? ( vegetables dur+ ! ye>1 :ile ! av]age return = f>m crops is consid]ably less ?an "o-t5? ( ?is am\nt4 ,a b\ntiful supply ( vegetables close at h& :]e !y may be secur$ at a few mom5ts' notice is ( ev5 m importance ?an ! m]e money value4 ,fre% vegetables f ! home g>d5 are n subject$ to exposure on ! m>kets or 9 transportation & are n liable to become infect$ 9 any way4 ,_m ( ! products ( ! g>d5 lose _! *>act]i/ic flavor :5 n us$ )9 a few h\rs aft] ga!r+4 ,by means ( ! home g>d5 ! production ( ! vegetable supply = ! family is directly "u control1 & 9 _m cases is ! only way :]eby clean1 fre% produce may be secur$4 ,! home vegetable g>d5 is wor?y ( increas$ att5tion1 & a great] numb] & v>iety ( crops %\ld be includ$ 9 ! g>d54--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,! developm5t & ext5sion ( truck f>m+ 9 ! ,atlantic coa/ ,/ates h be5 co9cid5t ) ! developm5t ( transportation facilities ?r\gh\t t section4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! po9ts af=d+ wat] connection ) ! great consum+ c5t]s ( ! ,nor? 7 ^? at :i* truck f>m+ fir/ became e/abli%$4 ,! ph5om5al gr[? ( ! great consum+ c5t]s ( ! c\ntry has /imulat$ a correspond+ gr[? & ext5sion ( ! food-produc+ t]ritory1 especially t capable ( produc+ p]i%able truck crops4 ,! dem&s = vegetables out ( season1 foll[$ lat] by ! cont9u\s dem& = fre% vegetables ?r\gh\t ! ye> by ! great cities1 l$ fir/ to ! m>ket g>d5]s locat$ ne> ! cities supplem5t+ _! field op]ations by ext5sive =c+-h\se ent]prises4 ,naturally1 ! products f ! gre5h\ses 7 exp5sive & available only to ! few :o 7 able to pay fancy prices = gre5 products out ( season4 ,! improvem5t & ext5sion ( ! transportation facilities :i* came ) ! great railway-build+ era ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates made x possible to take advantage ( ! wide div]sity ( climate (f]$ along ! ,atlantic coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to furni% ^! p]i%able products to ! great cities ( ! ,nor? & ,ea/4 ,transportation facilities1 toge!r ) *eap labor & *eap l&s at ! ,s\?1 h made x possible to produce 9 extreme s\!rn locations products out ( season at ! ,nor? 9 competition ) gre5h\se products4 ,! great] l& area & ! small] am\nt ( capital involv$ 9 ! production ( crops at ! ,s\?1 ev5 ?\gh transportation *>ges 7 high1 h enabl$ s\!rn gr[]s to produce mu* l>g] quantities ( ! desir$ crops ?an c\ld be gr[n pr(itably "u glass4 ,x 0 !re=e n _m ye>s be=e lettuce1 cel]y1 tomatoes1 radi%es1 beets1 & bun* beans came to be regul> w9t] & e>ly spr+ products ( g>d5s locat$ at great di/ances f ! c5t]s ( consumption4--7,y4 ,b4 #aijg47 ,x is only necess>y to look ar\nd ! village & t[n g>d5s 9 ! ,s\? to become conv9c$ ( ! great ne$ t exi/s = in=mation 9 reg>d to ! prop] c>e ( ! g>d51 & p>ticul>ly t "p :i* is int5d$ to give supplies to ! table4 ,!re t[n g>d5]s are v active 9 ! e>ly spr+1 & _! en?usiasm (t5 leads !m to g ahead & plant a great _m ?+s at a season too e>ly = _! safety1 s t a return ( cold (t5 compels ! almo/ entire replant+ ( ! g>d54 ,b ) ! production ( ! e>ly crops 9 ! g>d51 ! en?usiasm ( ! g>d5]s oozes out "u ! influ5ce ( ! summ]'s heat1 & ! g>d5 t at fir/ look$ s neat 9 its spr+ dress becomes m]ely a we$ pat*4 ,few p realize ! advantage t long summ]s & sunny autumns give = ! production ( a con/ant succession ( crops 9 ! g>d51 & /ill few] realize t 9 ?is climate ! g>d5 ne$ at no season ( ! ye> be ab&on$ to ! we$s4 ,"o ( ! greate/ tr\bles t results f ! common practice ( all[+ ! g>d5 to gr[ up 9 we$s aft] ! fir/ peas1 corn1 cabbage1 & tomatoes are secur$1 is t ^! we$s are ! places :]e ! l>v ( ! cut-worm hide1 & are ready to beg9 _! de/ructive "w z soon z ! g>d5 plants are set 9 ! spr+4 ,if ! g>d5 is kept clean & cropp$ cont9u\sly all ! ye> r\nd1 z x may & %\ld be "h1 !re w be no cut-worms to bo!r ! e>ly plants4 ,f ,janu>y to ,janu>y !re is no ne$ 9 ! ,s\? = any space 9 ! g>d5 unoccupi$ by crops4 ,f ! "t ! e>lie/ peas g into ! gr\nd 9 ,janu>y up to ! "t x is necess>y to prep>e = !m ! foll[+ ye> !re c be a con/ant succession ( fre% vegetables f ! g>d51 by ! ex]cise ( a little =e?\ght4 ,& ?is succession c be made /ill m p]fect if !re be add$ a frame ) "s hotb$ sa%es = ! production ( lettuce1 caulifl[]1 radi%es1 c>rots1 etc41 dur+ ! cold] mon?s2 :ile all ?r\gh ! w9t] !re c be cel]y1 kale1 sp9a* & turnips4--7,n4 ,c4 ,bul4 #acb47 ,,location4 ,! "q ( ! proximity to ! h\se or o!r build+s is ( great importance :5 locat+ ! g>d54 ,c>+ = a g>d5 is usually done at sp>e times1 & = ?is reason alone ! location %\ld be ne> ! dwell+4 ,9 case ! site *os5 = ! g>d5 %\ld become unsuitable = any cause1 x is n a difficult matt] to *ange ! location4 ,_m p]sons pref] to plant ! g>d5 9 a diff]5t location e five or six ye>s4 ,! lay ( ! l& has consid]able influ5ce ^u ! "t t ! soil c be work$1 & a g5tle slope t[>d ! s\? or s\!a/ is mo/ desirable = ! production ( e>ly crops4 ,x is an advantage to h protection on ! nor? & nor?we/1 by ei!r a hill1 a gr\p ( trees1 ev]gre5s1 a h$ge1 build+s1 a tight bo>d f5ce1 or a /one wall to break ! =ce ( ! w9d4 ,good natural dra9age ( ! g>d5 area is ( prime importance4 ,! l& %\ld h suffici5t fall to dra9 (f surplus wat] dur+ heavy ra9s1 b ! fall %\ld n be s great t ! soil w be wa%$4 ,! surface ( ! g>d5 %\ld n conta9 depressions 9 :i* wat] w accumulate or /&4 ,wa/e wat] f surr\nd+ l& %\ld n fl[ t[>d ! g>d51 & ! fall bel[ %\ld be su* t !re w be no dang] ( flood wat] back+ up4 ,! g>d5 %\ld n be locat$ along ! banks ( a creek or /ream t w be liable to ov]fl[ dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,a good f5ce ar\nd ! g>d5 plot is almo/ indisp5sable1 & x %\ld be a safegu>d aga9/ all f>m animals1 includ+ p\ltry1 & %\ld be close en\gh to keep out rabbits4 ,a tight bo>d f5ce w accompli%1 ?is result & also s]ve z a w9d-break4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,plan ,,& ,,arrangem5t4 ,! g>d5 %\ld be plann$ ) a view to furni%+ a l>ge assortm5t & cont9u\s supply ( vegetables ?r\gh ! entire season4 ,its size w dep5d prim>ily ^u ! am\nt ( l& available4 ,on ! f>m1 :]e any am\nt ( l& ! own] desires c be res]v$1 = a g>d51 vegetables to be /or$ = w9t] z well z ! summ] supply1 %\ld be gr[n4 ,on ! village lot1 space may be insuffici5t to gr[ m ?an ! summ]'s supply1 & x may also be necess>y to leave out c]ta9 vegetables t require a l>ge am\nt ( space4 ,on a city lot1 ! space available = gr[+ vegetables is necess>ily small1 & plant+s mu/ usually be conf9$ to ^? vegetables :i* produce a l>ge am\nt ( edible product = ! space occupi$4 ,:e!r ! g>d5 is on ! f>m1 9 ! village1 or on ! city lot1 ! pr9ciples gov]n+ its plant+ & c>e are ! same al?\gh ! di/ances ( plant+1 me?ods ( tillage1 & int5sity ( cropp+ may diff] widely4 ,on ! f>m1 ! sav+ ( labor is m important ?an ! sav+ ( space2 ev5 ! small vegetables are plant$ 9 long r[s r ?an 9 b$s2 & horse p[] is sub/itut$ = h& p[] :]ev] possible4 ,9 ! village & ! city1 ! vegetables mu/ usually be plant$ z closely z ! nature ( _! gr[? w p]mit1 & h& tillage employ$ almo/ exclusively4 ,mu* loss ( "t 9 plant+ a g>d5 c be avoid$ by mak+ a def9ite plan ( ! g>d5 sev]al weeks or ev5 mon?s be=e ! plant+ is to beg94 ,aft] measur+ ! area to be us$ = ! g>d51 ! next /ep is to decide :at vegetables are to be gr[n4 ,if space is ample1 ?is w be det]m9$ prim>ily by ! p]sonal ta/es ( ! g>d5] & 8 family4 ,h[ev]1 if only a limit$ am\nt ( "t & att5tion c be giv5 ! g>d51 x may be wise n to und]take ! gr[+ ( "s ( ! m exact+ crops4 ,:atev] ! space to be devot$ to g>d5+1 ! crops to be gr[n %\ld be decid$ ^u long be=e ! "t ( plant+4 ,9 plann+ ! g>d51 x is well to arrange ! vegetables 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are to be plant$4 ,?is facilitates ! prep>ation ( ! l& = plant+1 & makes x possible to ma9ta9 ! unplant$ portion 9 a good friable condition ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( labor4 ,9 ord] t ! vegetables may be s arrang$1 x is necess>y to "k ! prop] "t = plant+ ea* crop4 ,?is dep5ds prim>ily ^u ! temp]ature & moi/ure requirem5ts ( ! p>ticul> crop 9 "q4 ,if any ( ! small fruits1 su* z raspb]ries1 currants1 & gooseb]ries1 are to be plant$ )9 ! g>d5 enclosure1 !y %\ld be includ$ ) ! p]man5t crops4 ,! area devot$ to ! hotb$1 cold frame1 & se$ b$ %\ld be decid$ ^u1 b ^! may be %ift$ m or less f ye> to ye> or locat$ 9 "s conv5i5t place outside ( ! g>d54 ,:]e !re is any great v>iation 9 ! composition ( ! soil 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! g>d5 x w be advisable to take ?is into consid]ation :5 arrang+ = ! location ( ! v>i\s crops4 ,if a "p ( ! l& is l[ & moi/1 su* crops z cel]y1 onions1 & late cucumb]s %\ld be plac$ !re4 ,if "p ( ! soil is high1 w>m1 & dry1 t is ! prop] location = e>ly crops & ^? t ne$ quick1 w>m soil4 ,9 plann+ ! location ( ! v>i\s crops 9 ! g>d51 due consid]ation %\ld be giv5 to ! matt] ( succession 9 ord] t ! l& may be occupi$ at all times4 ,z a rule x w\ld n be be/ to h a second plant+ ( ! same crop foll[ ! fir/1 b "s su* arrangem5t z e>ly peas foll[$ by cel]y1 or e>ly cabbage or potatoes foll[$ by late beans or corn1 & simil> comb9ations1 are m satisfactory4 ,9 ! ,s\? z _m z ?ree crops may be gr[n "o aft] ! o!r on ! same l&1 b at ! extreme nor?1 :]e ! season is %ort1 b "o crop c be gr[n1 or possibly two by "s su* comb9ation z e>ly peas foll[$ by turnips4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,f]tiliz]s4 ,! k9d ( f]tiliz] employ$ has a m>k$ influ5ce ^u ! "* & quality ( ! vegetables produc$4 ,= ! g>d5 only ^? f]tiliz]s t h be5 c>efully prep>$ %\ld be us$4 ,f]tiliz]s ( organic composition1 su* z b>ny>d manure1 %\ld h pass$ ?r\gh ! f]m5t+ /age be=e be+ us$4 ,! use ( night soil g5]ally is n to be recomm5d$1 z its application1 unless prop]ly treat$ = ! de/ruction ( disease g]ms1 may prove dang]\s to heal?4 ,,b>ny>d ,,manure4 ,= g>d5 crops !re is no f]tiliz] t w comp>e ) good1 well-rott$ b>ny>d manure4 ,9 localities :]e a supply ( su* manure c n be secur$ x w be necess>y to dep5d ^u comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 b ! results are r>ely s satisfactory4 ,9 select+ manure = ! g>d51 c>e %\ld be tak5 t x does n conta9 any elem5t t w be injuri\s to ! soil4 ,an excess ( sawdu/ or %av+s us$ z b$d+ w h a t5d5cy to produce s\rness 9 ! soil4 ,*ick51 pigeon1 & %eep manures rank high z f]tiliz]s1 _! value be+ some:at great] ?an ord9>y b>ny>d manures1 & almo/ z great z "s ( ! l[] grades ( comm]cial f]tiliz]s4 ,! manure f f[ls is especially adapt$ = dropp+ 9 ! hills or r[s ( plants4 ,,comm]cial ,,f]tiliz]s4 ,comm]cial f]tiliz]s are sold "u a gu>ante$ analysis1 & g5]ally at a price consi/5t ) _! f]tiliz+ value4 ,no def9ite rule c be giv5 = ! k9d or quantity ( f]tiliz] to be appli$1 z ?is v>ies ) ! crop & ! l&4 ,at fir/ ! only safe proc$ure is to use a good high-grade f]tiliz] at ! rate ( f #a1jjj to #b1jjj p\nds to ! acre & note ! results4 ,m>ket g>d5]s frequ5tly apply z mu* z #b1ejj p\nds ( high-grade f]tiliz] p] acre ea* ye>4 ,f>m]s :o d n h suffici5t b>ny>d manure = _! crops %\ld beg9 gradually to use ! comm]cial f]tiliz]s4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,pr(its ,,f ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,f]tiliz]s4 ,! aim usually 9 ! use ( artificial f]tiliz]s is to s supplem5t soil supplies ( plant-food z to obta9 a pr(it1 &1 z already intimat$1 ! pr(its = ! diff]5t crops w be 9 proportion to _! economical use ( ! desir$ con/itu5t4 ,/ill1 "o %\ld n be det]r$ f ! use ( f]tiliz+ mat]ials1 ev5 if ! conditions %\ld r5d] ! application app>5tly wa/eful--t is1 ! f>m] %\ld e/imate ! increase t x is necess>y = him to obta91 9 ord] to be reg>d$ z pr(itable1 & if only ?is is obta9$1 he %\ld n be disc\rag$4 ,_m p]sons seem to h gott5 ! impression t ! use ( f]tiliz]s is a gamble at be/1 & are n satisfi$ unless ! returns f ! inve/m5t 9 f]tiliz]s are disproportionately l>ge4 ,we v (t5 he> ! /atem5t t by ! use ( c]ta9 f]tiliz]s ! crop is d\bl$ or tripl$1 z if ?is 7 a rem>kable occurr5ce1 & p>took ( ! nature ( a my/]y4 ,su* results are n my/]i\s2 !y c be readily expla9$4 ,9 an exp]im5t on cel]y x is %[n t ! weight ( cel]y f an application ( #djj p\nds p] acre ( nitrate ( soda is two & "o-half times great] ?an on ! l& ^u :i* no nitrate 0 us$1 & t v great pr(it foll[$ its use4 ,?is result is n my/]i\s--! nitrog5 appli$1 if all _h be5 us$ by ! crop1 w\ld h giv5 a /ill great] increase2 x simply %[s t :]e no extra nitrog5 _h be5 appli$ ! plant 0 n able to obta9 en\gh to make ! crop :at ! conditions ( ! season & soil1 9 o!r respects1 p]mitt$4 ,^! favorable conditions1 h[ev]1 are n uni=m1 & v>iations 9 return f def9ite application mu/ be expect$4 ,x is q possible to h a return ( #ej p] acre f ! use ( #e wor? ( nitrate ( soda on crops ( high value1 z1 = example1 e>ly tomatoes1 beets1 cabbage1 etc4 ,?is is an extraord9>y return = ! money inve/$ & labor involv$2 /ill1 if ! value ( ! increas$ crop f its use 0 b #aj1 x %\ld be reg>d$ z a pr(itable inve/m5t1 s9ce no m l& is requir$1 & b little m capital ) ?is return4 ,! wa/e ( nitrog5 does n result 9 loss4 ,,dang] ,,( ,,loss ,,( ,,nitrates ,,by ,,lea*+4 ,! *ief difficulties 9 ! use ( nitrate ( soda are due to promptness 9 its solubility & availability4 ,! fact t x is s soluble c>ries ) x ! v grave dang] t losses by lea*+ may occur if ! conditions ( soil & crop at ! "t ( its application are n favorable = a rapid absorption ( ! nitrate by ! plant4 ,?is dang] is great] if x is appli$ to ! soil be=e rapid gr[?1 :5 !re is a limit$ numb] ( plants t h n made mu* gr[?1 or ^: roots h n tak5 possession ( ! soil1 z 9 ! case ( ! vegetable crops4 ,9 mead[s1 on ! o!r h&1 or 9 gra9 crops1 :]e !re are a l>ge numb] ( plants p] unit ( area1 & 9 or*>ds or b]ry pat*es1 :]e !re are few] plants1 b a wid] di/ribution ( ! fe$+ roots1 losses are n s liable to occur4 ,!re may be1 !re=e1 great disappo9tm5t 9 ! returns f ! use ( nitrate ( soda1 if op9ions z to its usefulness are bas$ entirely ^u its availability4 ,nev]!less1 because no unkn[n conditions ent] 91 9 ref]5ce to its availability1 x is possible to avoid1 9 a great degree1 ! losses liable to occur1 & ?us to secure a maximum return f ! application ( ?is =m ( nitrog54 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,quantity ,,appli$ ,,& ,,me?od ,,( ,,application4 ,if ! quantity appli$ is too small to meet ! dem&s ( ! crop1 unless all seasonal conditions are favorable1 ! *ances are t ! results w n be completely satisfactory1 z wea!r conditions are n likely to be p]fect2 x may be too wet or too dry1 too cold or too hot1 & h5ce1 dur+ c]ta9 p]iods1 ! plants w\ld n be able to obta9 _! food--t is1 x w\ld be impossible = ! plant to absorb always its food uni=mly1 or 9 su* am\nts & at su* times z w\ld result 9 ! be/ developm5t ( ! plant4 ,9 all cases an am\nt %\ld be appli$ t w\ld exce$ ! ne$$ requirem5t "u p]fect conditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,liquid ,,manure ,,is ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,be/ ,,act+ ,,f]tilis]s ,9 ! second place1 if ! quantity f\nd to be necess>y = a def9ite increase ( crop1 "u av]age conditions1 7 all appli$ at once1 say 9 ! e>ly spr+1 a great] opportunity w\ld be (f]$ = losses f lea*+ ?an w\ld be ! case if ! mat]ial 7 giv5 9 successive dress+s1 s t ! losses due to ! escape ( ! nitrog5 w\ld be m9imiz$2 on ! o!r h&1 if no losses occurr$1 ! plant might take up m ?an c\ld be utiliz$ 9 a normal developm5t1 ?us defeat+ ! purpose1 because result+ 9 a product ( less comm]cial value4 ,?is w\ld apply1 ( c\rse1 only 9 ! case ( ^? crops t are injur$ by abnormal developm5t 9 c]ta9 directions1 z1 = example1 too l>ge a proportion ( /raw 9 c]eal gra9s1 too l>ge a root 9 sug> beets1 etc4 ,all ^! difficulties may be obviat$ by a fractional application1 or1 9 o!r words1 by supply+ ! nitrog5 at ! "t & 9 ! quantity be/ adapt$ = ! plant & = ! purpose 9 view 9 its gr[?4 ,! results f ! use ( nitrog5 may be also unsatisfactory if nitrog5 only ( ! elem5ts ess5tial is us$4 ,! be/ results f ! use ( nitrate c come only :5 !re exi/ 9 ! soil1 or are appli$ ) x1 suffici5t am\nts ( ! m9]al elem5ts to enable ! plant to obta9 a food suit$ to its ne$s--nitrog5 is b "o elem5t ( plant food4--7,n4 ,j4 ,a4 ,e4 ,/a41 #aeg47 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,soil4 ,:]e !re is consid]able *oice 9 ! location ( ! g>d5 plot1 x is (t5 possible to select l& t w require v little special prep>ation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may be necess>y to take an undesirable soil & br+ x into suitable condition1 & x is g5]ally surpris+ to note ! *ange t c be wr\ght 9 a s+le season4 ,pl[+4--,autumn is ! "t = pl[+ h>d or /iff clay soils1 especially if 9 a "p ( ! c\ntry :]e freez+ takes place1 z ! action ( ! fro/ dur+ ! w9t] w break ! soil into f9e p>ticles & r5d] x suitable = plant+4 ,s&y loams & soils t conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( humus may be pl[$ 9 ! spr+1 b ! "w %\ld be done e>ly 9 ord] t ! soil may settle be=e plant+4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :]e !re is n suffici5t fro/ to mell[ ! soil1 ?is process mu/ be accompli%$ by means ( frequ5t cultivations1 9 ord] t ! air may act ^u ! soil p>ticles4 ,x is desirable to pl[ ! g>d5 e>ly1 at lea/ a few days soon] ?an = g5]al field crops4 ,s&y soils w be> pl[+ mu* e>li] ?an heavy clay soils4 ,! usual te/ is to squeeze toge!r a h&ful1 & if ! soil adh]es 9 a ball x is too wet = work+4 ,9 ! g>d5 great] dep? ( pl[+ %\ld be practic$ ?an = ord9>y f>m crops1 z ! roots ( _m ( ! vegetables g deeply into ! soil4 ,subsoil+ w be f\nd advantage\s 9 mo/ cases1 z ! dra9age & g5]al movem5t ( ! soil moi/ure w be improv$ !reby4 ,h& spad+ %\ld be resort$ to only 9 v small g>d5s or :]e x is desirable to prep>e a small area v ?or\ghly4 ,smoo?+ & ,pulv]iz+ ! ,soil4--,aft] pl[+1 ! next important /ep is to smoo? & pulv]ize ! soil4 ,if ! soil be well prep>$ be=e plant+1 ! "w ( c>+ = ! crops w be v mat]ially less5$4 ,x is n suffici5t t ! l& be smoo? & f9e on top1 b ! pulv]iz+ process %\ld ext5d z deep z ! pl[+4 ,"s g>d5]s pref] to ?or\ghly cut ! l& ) a disk h>r[ be=e pl[+1 s t :5 x is turn$ by ! pl[ ! bottom soil w be f9e & mell[4 ,aft] ! pl[ ! disk or cutt+ h>r[ is aga9 br\ght into play & ! pulv]iz+ process complet$4 ,if ! soil is a trifle too dry & conta9s lumps1 x may be necess>y to use "s =m ( roll] or clod cru%] to br+ x d[n4 ,= smoo?+ ! surface & fill+ up depressions a float or drag made f planks or scantl+s w be f\nd s]viceable4 ,,"t ,,( ,,plant+4 ,no def9ite rule c be giv5 reg>d+ ! "t = plant+ se$s & plants 9 ! g>d51 = ! date v>ies ) ! locality & ! "t t x is desir$ to h ! crop mature4 ,a little practice w soon det]m9e :5 & h[ (t5 s[+s %\ld be made 9 ord] to escape fro/ & mature ! crop at a "t :5 x w be mo/ useful4 ,c]ta9 crops w n ?rive dur+ ! heat$ "p ( ! summ]1 & _! "t ( plant+ mu/ be plann$ accord+ly4 ,,! ,,selection ,,& ,,pur*ase ,,( ,,g>d5 ,,se$s4 ,9 ord] to h a good g>d5 x is necess>y to plant good se$s4 ,x is n alone ess5tial t ! se$s be capable ( gr[+2 !y mu/ be capable ( produc+ a crop ( ! desir$ quality1 "u ! conditions exi/+ :]e ! g>d5+ is to be done4 ,"s v>ieties ( vegetables are re/rict$ 9 _! adaptations1 :ile o!rs ?rive ov] a wide range ( t]ritory & "u widely diff]5t conditions ( soil & climate4 ,if ! behavior ( diff]5t v>ieties 9 a giv5 locality is n kn[n1 ! safe plan to foll[ 9 select+ v>ieties = plant+ is to *oose ma9ly ^? t h prov$ !mselves adapt$ to a wide range ( conditions & h !reby become recogniz$ z /&>d sorts4 ,! new] v>ieties may be te/$ 9 small quantities until _! suitabl5ess = a giv5 place & purpose has be5 det]m9$4 ,p>ticul> c>e %\ld be tak5 to select v>ieties t are capable ( yield+ a product ( high quality4 ,su* v>ieties are num]\s1 & "s are bett] = "o region ?an ano!r4 ,x is always a safe plan to h a little m se$ on h& ?an is actually ne$$ to plant ! area desir$4 ,sometimes ! fir/ plant+ ( a giv5 crop is de/roy$ by fro/ or insects1 mak+ replant+ necess>y4 ,9 su* a case1 delay 9 replant+ c\ld be avoid$ by hav+ ! se$s on h&4 ,! additional exp5se is slight comp>$ ) ! value ( ! crop4 ,9 ! case ( _m se$s1 an ounce co/s b little m ?an a packet2 & 9 su* cases1 x is ! "p ( wisdom to pur*ase an ounce1 ev5 ?\gh a packet might conta9 suffici5t se$ to b>ely plant ! desir$ area4 ,! m exp5sive se$s may be pur*as$ 9 small] quantities1 ) less m>g9 betwe5 ! actual am\nt requir$ & ! quantity pur*as$4--7,u4 ,ill4 ,b4 #aed47 ,,se$ ,,s[+4 ,g>d5 se$s %\ld always be s[n 9 /raight r[s reg>dless ( :]e ! plant+ is made4 ,if a w9d[ box is employ$ = />t+ e>ly plants 9 a dwell+1 ! soil %\ld be well firm$ & !n laid (f 9 /raight r[s ab\t #b in*es ap>t4 ,! same me?od holds good = plant+ se$s 9 a hotb$1 cold frame1 or b$ 9 ! g>d51 except t ! r[s %\ld be f>!r ap>t ?an 9 ! w9d[ box4 ,by plant+ 9 /raight r[s ! se$l+s w be m uni=m 9 size & %ape1 & ?9n+ & cultivat+ w be m easily accompli%$4 ,9 all cases :]e ! soil ( ! se$ b$ is n too wet x %\ld be well firm$ or press$ d[n be=e lay+ (f & m>k+ = s[+ ! se$s4 ,aft] ! se$s are s[n & cov]$1 ! surface %\ld aga9 be firm$ by means ( a smoo? bo>d4 ,no def9ite rule c be giv5 = ! dep? to :i* se$s %\ld be plant$1 = ! dep? %\ld v>y ) ! k9d ( se$ & ) ! "* & condition ( ! soil4 ,9 heavy clay & moi/ soils ! cov]+ %\ld be light] ?an 9 s&y or dry soils4 ,9 all cases ! dep? %\ld be uni=m1 & :5 plant+ se$s 9 boxes or a b$ ! grooves 9 :i* ! se$s are plant$ %\ld be made ) ! edge ( a ?9 la?4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,plant+4--,! mo/ di/9ctive feature ( ! g>d5 on ! f>m %\ld be ! r$uction ( h& labor to a m9imum4 ,9 plant+ ! g>d51 !re=e1 x %\ld be laid out 9 long r[s1 suffici5tly f> ap>t to p]mit ! use ( a horse & cultivator 9 t5d+ ! crops4 ,"t & confusion w also be sav$ if ! vegetables are gr\p$ accord+ to _! cultural requirem5ts1 & ! numb] ( plant+s made z small z is consi/5t ) ! dem&s ( ! v>i\s crops4 ,ea* gr\p ( crops may !n be plant$ & t5d$ z "o crop1 & ! g>d5 op]ations ?us greatly simplifi$4 ,:5 m ?an "o plant+ ( a giv5 crop is desir$ = ! sake ( secur+ a succession1 ! second plant+ may be put 9 at ! same "t t o!r crops are be+ plant$1 s t ev5 9 ?is case1 ! numb] ( plant+s ne$ n be multipli$4 ,! use ( two or m v>ieties ( ! same vegetable1 diff]+ 9 _! "t ( maturity1 w also aid 9 keep+ d[n ! numb] ( diff]5t plant+s4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! g>d5 z to l5g? ( r[s & "t ( plant+1 is n ! only labor sav+ feature t %\ld *>act]ize ! typical f>m]'s g>d54 ,field me?ods %\ld be practic$ 9 prep>+ ! l& = plant+1 & z mu* prelim9>y "w done 9 ! fall z is possible1 = ! sake ( bo? secur+ an e>ly g>d5 & r$uc+ ! am\nt ( labor 9 spr+4 ,aft] ! l& is cle>$ ( refuse f prec$+ crops1 x %\ld be heavily manur$1 & pl[$ 9 ! fall4 ,! am\nt ( manure to be appli$ w dep5d some:at ^u ! f]tility ( ! l&1 b m l>gely ^u ! tru5ess ( ! f>m]'s conception ( ! plant food requirem5ts ( g>d5 crops4 ,! be/ g>d5s are possible only :]e plant is suppli$ mu* m lib]ally ?an is consid]$ ample = field crops4 ,=ty tons ( manure p] acre is a v mod]ate application = g>d5 crops1 & ?is am\nt %\ld be appli$ annually1 ev5 on soils already ri*1 if maximum crops ( vegetables are to be gr[n4 ,! pl[+ "u ( manure 9 ! fall ha/5s ! dry+ out ( ! soil 9 ! spr+1 s t plant+ may beg9 e>li] ?an if ! manur+ & pl[+ 7 def]r$ until spr+4 ,?is is bo? because ! soil actually dries out e>li]1 & also because no "t is lo/ 9 manur+ or pl[+ aft] ! soil has rea*$ workable condition4 ,x (t5 happ5s t e>ly 9 ! spr+ :5 ! cool season crops %\ld be plant$1 ! soil rema9s 9 ideal condition = work+ only a brief p]iod1 & !n becomes s ?or\ghly wet by copi\s ra9s t fur!r g>d5 "w is preclud$ = two or ?ree weeks4 ,if ! manur+ & pl[+ h be5 done 9 ! fall1 x is (t5 possible to plant ! e>ly vegetables 9 ! brief p]iod dur+ :i* ! soil is fit to "w1 :ile o!rwise ?is entire p]iod might be exp5d$ 9 mak+ prep>ations1 & ! actual plant+ necess>ily def]r$ until ! next "t ! soil 0 dry4 ,s9ce ! success ( _m ( ! e>ly crops dep5ds ^u e>ly plant+1 ! wisdom ( fall prep>ation is app>5t4 ,if ! l& has be5 manur$ & pl[$ 9 ! fall1 & is work$ at ! prop] "t 9 spr+1 v little labor is necess>y 9 ! prep>ation ( a se$-b$ = ! e>ly plant+4 ,soil conta9+ suffici5t humus to gr[ vegetable crops advantage\sly1 c be fitt$ = plant+ )\t ! use ( h& tools1 if ! precaution is tak5 to "w x at ! exact "t x rea*es ! "r degree ( dryness4 ,x w !n crumble readily1 & a se$-b$ c be prep>$ by ! use ( a disk1 h>r[1 & plank]4 ,! use ( ^! tools saves an enorm\s am\nt ( labor1 & is a va/ improvem5t ov] ! old me?od ( us+ a hoe & rake4 ,! actual plant+ ( ! g>d5 is a simple matt]1 provid$ a def9ite plan has previ\sly be5 made1 s t no "t is lo/ 9 decid+ :i* vegetable to plant fir/1 :]e to plant x1 or h[ mu* to plant4 ,9 ! home g>d51 only a small am\nt ( se$ ( ea* k9d is plant$1 s t a se$ drill _c be us$ to advantage1 & ! plant+ is !re=e almo/ inv>iably done by h&4 ,= ! small vegetables1 s[n 9 drills1 ! plant+ involves f\r di/9ct op]ations3 7#a7 mak+ ! drills1 7#b7 dropp+ ! se$1 7#c7 cov]+1 & 7#d7 firm+4 ,! mo/ rapid way ( mak+ ! drills 9 a g>d5 to be plant$ 9 long r[s is to use a m>k] t makes ?ree or f\r drills ea* "t x is drawn across ! area to be plant$4 ,) a m$ium weight m>k]1 & ! soil 9 prop] condition = plant+1 ! m>ks w be ( ! prop] dep? = plant+ se$s ( any ( ! small] vegetables usually s[n 9 drills4 ,= peas or beans a deep] drill may be made ) ! pl[ atta*m5t ( a :eel hoe4 ,aft] ! se$ is dropp$1 x is cov]$ ) a rake1 or 9 ! case ( deep plant+1 ) a hoe1 or a :eel hoe4 ,! soil is firm$ ov] ! se$ by ! use ( ! feet1 ! back ( a hoe1 or a g>d5 roll]4 ,:atev] ! means employ$1 ! firm+ mu/ be ?or\gh1 especially 9 light soil or dry wea!r2 = unless ! soil is br\ght 9 close contact ) ! se$s1 !y w n g]m9ate4--7,u4 ,ill4 ,b4 #aed47 ,cultivation4--,by ! prop] cultivation ( ! g>d5 !re is accompli%$ ?ree ?+s3 7#a7 ,! we$s are kept out s t !y d n %ade or take away valuable plant food & moi/ure f ! plants :i* "o desires to p]fect4 7#b7 ,! surface soil is br\ght into ! be/ condition to resi/ dr\?2 t is1 into ! be/ condition = avail+ itself to ! utmo/ ( ! /ores ( wat] 9 ! subsoil & to prev5t ! evaporation ( ?is wat] f ! surface soil4 7#c7 ,! /ores ( insoluble plant food are made soluble by ! *emical action & f]m5tation1 :i* are increas$ by loos5+ ! soil1 !reby lett+ 9 ! air4 ,keep+ ,out ! ,we$s4--,! me?ods be/ adapt$ = keep+ ! we$s out ( ! g>d5 are _m & v>i$1 & dep5d mu* ^u ! condition & k9d ( soil 9 :i* ! we$s gr[2 ^u ! k9d ( crop & ^u ! habits ( ! we$s !mselves4 ,! mo/ important /ep 9 mak+ easy ! prev5tion ( we$s 9 ! g>d5 is ! h>r[+ or o!r ?or\gh cultivation ( ! l& j be=e ! plant+ ( ! se$1 to kill ! "y we$s4 ,if ?is is done ?or\ghly1 ! we$s d n h a bett] *ance ?an ! crop4 ,if ?is is n done1 ! we$s w be ahead ( ! crop 9 gr[?1 & if />t$ ev5 ev] s little :5 ! crop is plant$1 ! result g5]ally is t ! crop is s]i\sly ov]gr[n by !m be=e x is l>ge en\gh to be cultivat$4 ,?is is a common mi/ake1 & is1 p]haps1 responsible = m failures 9 ! g>d5 ?an any o!r factor :i* ent]s into ! consid]ation ( ?is subject2 & x is a v simple matt] to prev5t any tr\ble f ?is s\rce if a little =esight is ex]cis$4 ,e>ly ,cultivation to ,kill ,we$s4--,! next mo/ important factor 9 ! prev5tion ( we$s 9 ! g>d5 is e>ly cultivation4 ,9 ! case ( se$s t require a long "t to g]m9ate1 x is an excell5t plan to lightly rake ov] ! l& ) an ord9>y f9e-too!d rake1 ev5 be=e ! crop appe>s above ! gr\nd1 provid+ ! "w is s c>efully done z n to di/urb ! se$s4 ,:5 ! se$ is s[n ) a drill1 ! l9e ( ! r[ may be pla9ly se5 ev5 be=e ! plants come up1 ?us mak+ x easy to comm5ce cultivat+ x 9 advance ( ! we$s4 ,9 case ( su* crops z c>rots1 onions1 p>snips & beets1 :i* are q delicate :5 "y1 cultivation %\ld beg9 ) "s h& g>d5 cultivator1 ev5 if x is int5d$ lat] on to cultivate ) a horse1 & ! crop is plant$ ) ?is purpose 9 view4 ,su* close & c>eful "w _c be done ) any horse implem5t n[ 9 use z ) ! be/ h& implem5ts4 ,) prop] tools1 ! "w may be done ne>ly z quickly by h& z by horse p[]1 & f> m p]fectly :5 ! plants are small4 ,c>eful e>ly cultivation is ( ! utmo/ importance1 s9ce1 if ! we$s are remov$ :5 !y are "y1 ! "w ( we$+ is v small4 ,if all[$ to rema9 until well root$1 _! removal is (t5 a v s]i\s matt]1 & frequ5tly1 if neglect$ at ?is e>ly /age1 ! we$s become s firmly e/abli%$ z to make x a "q :e!r to remove !m or pl[ "u ! :ole crop2 & (t5 x is ! "p ( wisdom to adopt ! latt] alt]native4 ,aside f its effect 9 ! prev5tion ( we$s1 e>ly cultivation is ( great value 9 break+ up ! cru/ t packs firmly ar\nd ! t5d] gr[+ /ems ( plants1 & t s]i\sly int]f]es ) _! gr[?4 ,x is also1 l all surface cultivation1 ( aid 9 ! cons]vation ( moi/ure 9 ! soil4 ,importance ( ,n ,all[+ ,we$s to ,g to ,se$4--,a common s\rce ( we$ infection is (t5 f\nd 9 ! few we$s t are all[$ to g to se$ t[>d ! end ( ! gr[+ season 9 ! matur+ crop or aft] ! crop has be5 ga!r$4 ,to "s f>m]s x (t5 seems a small matt] to all[ a few plants ( pig-we$1 purslane1 tumble we$ & we$s ( o!r k9ds to g to se$ 9 ! g>d51 b absolute cleanl9ess %\ld be ! only rule 9 ?is p>ticul>1 & x is by f> ! mo/ economical 9 practice 9 ! long run4 ,x requires b little labor & saves mu* useless exp5se to de/roy we$s t are go+ to se$4 ,if ! prev5tives = we$s sugge/$ are closely foll[$ h& we$+ w be r$uc$ to a m9imum & w (t5 be unnecess>y ) any crop4 ,we$ ,se$s 9 ,manure = ! ,g>d54--,! manure appli$ to ! g>d5 is (t5 co>se & conta9s _m we$ se$s1 & is a fruitful s\rce ( we$ infection4 ,! manure int5d$ = ! g>d5 t conta9s ! se$s ( we$s %\ld be pil$ up & all[$ to f]m5t until ! :ole mass is ?or\ghly rott$4 ,by ?is means ! se$s 9 x w be kill$4 ,b 9 ord] to rot manure to be/ advantage1 x %\ld be =k$ ov] occasionally :5 well w>m$ up by f]m5tation1 & ! :ole turn$ ov]1 ) ! outside ( ! pile ?r[n into ! c5t]4 ,if dry1 x %\ld be wat]$ en\gh to enable f]m5tation to cont9ue1 & to prev5t fire-fang+4 ,x is seldom advisable to use fre% manure 9 ! g>d51 & manure %\ld only be appli$ 9 ?is condition :5 free f we$s1 & !n only = "s late-matur+ crops1 9 :i* case !re w be "t = x to rot be=e ! crops ne$ x4 ,all e>ly crops ne$ well rott$ manure1 & require x 9 mu* l>g] quantities ?an d ! late-matur+ crops4--7,u4 ,m9n4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s4 #ch47 ,g5]al ,cultivation4--,! me?ods to be pursu$ 9 ! g5]al cultivation ( g>d5 crops w v>y some:at1 accord+ to ! soil1 season & crop4 ,h[ev]1 x is v important to rememb] t ! de/ruction ( we$s is b a small "p ( ! "w ( cultivation4 ,! mo/ important "p is to s fit ! soil t x may be/ )/& dr\?4 ,?is is accompli%$ by frequ5t %all[ cultivation dur+ ! p]iod ( gr[?4 ,! fir/ implem5ts to use 9 ! c>e ( su* crops z are g5]ally cultivat$ by h& are ^? t "w ! soil to only a v slight dep?1 close to ! plants4 ,su* implem5ts may be us$ j z ! se$l+s are break+ gr\nd4 ,z soon z ! plants h ga9$ "s little /r5g?1 implem5ts %\ld be us$ t w g deep]1 until a dep? ( two or ?ree in*es c be easily work$ )\t endang]+ ! safety ( ! crop by cov]+ ! plants ) dirt4 ,x is d\btful if any ( our g>d5 crops %\ld ev] be cultivat$ m ?an ?ree in*es deep1 & x is v c]ta9 t _m crops are injur$ by cultivat+ deeply v close to ! plants1 9 :i* case ! roots are cut (f ne> _! upp] ends & ?us :olly de/roy$4 ,cultivation 9 a p]iod ( dr\? results 9 =m+ a mul* or blanket ( dry e>? on ! surface ( ! l&1 :i* prev5ts ! moi/ure f pass+ into ! atmosph]e1 & a r %all[ blanket1 say two in*es deep1 accompli%es ?is purpose4 ,a compact subsoil readily transmits ! wat] upw>ds to ! surface soil1 9 ! same mann] t a lamp wick c>ries ! oil to ! flame4 ,at ! surface ! soil wat] is prev5t$ f evaporat+ by a blanket ( loose e>?1 & is ?us sav$ 9 ! upp] subsoil & l[] & middle p>ts ( ! furr[ slice = ! roots ( ! crop2 loose surface soil is a good non-conductor ( wat]4 ,dur+ ! gr[? ( a crop1 ! surface ( ! gr\nd %\ld nev] be left long ) a cru/ on x1 b %\ld be /irr$ aft] ea* ra9 or aft] artificially wat]+4 ,,tools4 ,!re are a numb] ( "o-horse cultivators t are especially adapt$ = "w 9 ! g>d54 ,^! may be provid$ ) sev]al sizes ( tee? & %ovels1 & are easily trans=m$ = v>i\s k9ds ( "w4 ,9 work+ ! crops :ile !y are small ! h>r[ or small] tee? may be us$1 & lat] :5 ! plants become l>g] ! size ( ! %ovels may be increas$4 ,_m g>d5]s1 h[ev]1 pref] to use ! h>r[ tee? at all times4 ,:5 x is desirable to ridge up ! soil ar\nd a crop1 ! w+s1 or hill]s1 may be put on ei!r side ( ! cultivator4 ,a "o-horse turn+ pl[ is useful = runn+ (f r[s or ?r[+ up ridges4 ,aside f ! horse tools 9 g5]al use on ! f>m1 !re are only "o or two cultivators t w be requir$ = ! g>d51 & ^! are n exp5sive4 ,! outfit ( h& tools = ! g>d5 %\ld include a spade1 a spad+ =k1 a cut-/eel rake1 a #aj-;foot measur+ pole1 a l9e = lay+ (f r[s1 a /&>d hoe1 a n>r[ hoe1 dibbles1 a tr[el1 an assortm5t ( h& we$]s1 a wat]+ c1 a :eelb>r[1 & if ! "w is to be done l>gely by h& ! outfit %\ld also include "s =m ( :eel hoe1 ( :i* !re are a numb] on ! m>ket4 ,,mul*+4 ,! t]m mul* z g5]ally us$ means a lay] ( litt] appli$ to ! surface ( ! gr\nd prim>ily = ! purpose ( ret>d+ evaporation f ! soil4 ,mul*es are ?us us$ z a sub/itute = cultivation to cons]ve ! moi/ure 9 ! soil 9 summ] & to keep d[n we$s4 ,!y are also us$ z w9t] & spr+ cov]+s = l[-gr[+ small fruits to ret>d fl[]+ & fruit+ & ?us to protect !m f injury by late fro/s4 ,:at is t]m$ a soil mul* or du/ mul* is ma9ta9$ by frequ5t cultivation ( ! surface soil1 &1 l ! ord9>y mul*1 is an effective means ( ret>d+ evaporation4 ,among ! common mat]ials us$ = mul*+ crops are /raw1 m>% hay1 & leaves4 ,^! mat]ials are usually appli$ to ! :ole surface ( ! soil 9 lay]s #d to #f in*es deep4 ,mul*+ crops ) /raw or o!r litt] is n v common4 ,on a l>ge scale x is too exp5sive4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s on a f>m1 h[ev]1 t spr+ f9ds an old /raw /ack 9 ! b>ny>d t w be practically valueless = fe$ ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,c x be us$ pr(itably z a mul*8 ,?is "q 0 inve/igat$ q ?or\ghly by ! ,nebraska ,/ation4 ,exp]im5ts 7 made to det]m9e h[ mul*+ vegetables comp>es ) ! mo/ ?or\gh cultivation z a g5]al f>m practice4 ,old /raw 0 ! mat]ial us$4 ,aft] settl+1 ! lay] appli$ 0 ab\t #d in*es deep4 ,a l>ge numb] ( diff]5t vegetables 7 gr[n4 ,9 g5]al x 0 f\nd t mul*+ 9 ,nebraska gave mu* bett] results 9 normal or dry seasons ?an 9 wet seasons4 ,! value ( ! mul* 9 cons]v+ ! soil moi/ure 0 f\nd to be q m>k$4 ,soil samples tak5 "o season 9 ,july & ,augu/ %[$ ! moi/ure cont5t to a dep? ( #f in*es to be #ah4b p] c5t1 z comp>$ ) #ag4a p] c5t 9 cultivat$ soil4 ,:5 ! mul* 0 appli$ e>ly 9 ! season be=e ! gr\nd became ?or\ghly wet1 x (t5 _h a ret>d+ effect on ! gr[? ( ! vegetables4 ,) e>ly spr+ vegetables1 l lettuce1 :i* require only a few cultivations1 x 0 f\nd *eap] & bett] to cultivate ?an to mul*2 b ) long]-gr[+ crops t require frequ5t cultivation ?r\gh\t ! season1 su* z cabbage1 tomatoes1 etc41 mul*+ usually prov$ m effective & *eap] ?an cultivation4 ,! fact t mo/ vegetables1 especially ! m t5d] k9ds1 c n be mul*$1 until !y h become well e/abli%$ & ! wea!r has become w>m1 ?us requir+ "s prelim9>y cultivation1 c]ta9ly increases ! labor requir$ 9 gr[+ mul*$ vegetables ov] :at w\ld be necess>y if ! mul* c\ld be appli$ e>li]4 ,b1 if ! impracticability ( e>ly mul*+ is a s]i\s drawback to ! use ( mul*es1 s is ! impracticability ( midsumm] cultivation "u f>m conditions a s]i\s objection to dep5d5ce ^u cultivation alone4 ,= mo/ vegetables mul*+ %\ld be us$ to supplem5t cultivation r ?an to displace x4 ,su* cultivation z is commonly giv5 f>m g>d5s is bett] = mo/ vegetables 9 e>ly spr+ ?an mul*+2 b mul*+ is j z surely bett] 9 midsumm] ?an ! neglect :i* is ! common ?+ 9 f>m g>d5s at t "t ( ye>4 ,! exp]im5t /ation te/s h inde$ %[n mul*+ to be bett] 9 _m cases ?an ! mo/ ?or\gh cultivation ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,! /ation te/s indicate t x is unwise to mul* drill$ onions1 lettuce1 or sweet corn4 ,! /& ( ! onions & lettuce is injur$ by mul*+1 :ile s few cultivations are requir$ = sweet corn t mul*+ is h>dly pr(itable1 & 9 wet seasons ! yield 0 decid$ly decreas$ by mul*+4 ,) transplant$ onions1 beets1 salsify1 p>sley1 peas1 & melons ! labor requir$ & yield obta9$ 7 f\nd to be ab\t ! same by ei!r me?od ( culture4 ,) cabbage1 tomatoes1 beans1 cucumb]s1 potatoes1 & sweet potatoes1 v favorable results 7 secur$ by mul*+4 ,! yields ( ea* ( ^! crops 7 consid]ably increas$ by mul*+ & ! labor requir$ 0 consid]ably less ?an 9 case ( cultivation alone4 ,mul*$ cabbage produc$ l>g] heads ?an cultivat$ cabbage1 & !re 0 less injury f rot4 ,! vigor ( tomato plants 0 decreas$ by mul*+1 b ! yield ( fruit increas$4 ,! fruit 0 also clean] & less subject to rot4 ,mul*$ cucumb]s produc$ p]fect fruits dur+ dry p]iods :5 ! fruit f ! cultivat$ plants 0 small & imp]fect4 ,! quality ( potatoes 0 n hurt by mul*+ except 9 wet places4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,:eel ,,hoe ,,is ,,! ,,h&ie/ ,,g>d5 ,,tool ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,easie/ ,,runn+ ,,:eel ,,hoe ,,valuable ,,= ,,ma9ta9+ ,a ,,du/ ,,mul* ,9 a special te/ ( a #d-;in* & #h-;in* /raw mul* & e>ly & late mul*+ = potatoes a #d-;in* mul* appli$ late 9 summ] aft] sev]al cultivations gave ! be/ results4 ,9 ! case ( sweet potatoes ! v9es did n take root ?r\gh ! /raw mul* z !y d on cultivat$ gr\nd1 :i* 0 consid]$ a decid$ advantage = mul*+4 ,on ! :ole ?is "w seems to indicate t on ! f>m :]e cultivation ( ! g>d5 is likely to be neglect$ 9 midsumm]1 a mul* ( /raw c be us$ pr(itably z a sub/itute4 ,= ! be/ results ! mul* %\ld n be appli$ until ! gr\nd has become ?or\ghly w>m$ up & aft] two or ?ree cultivations h be5 giv54 ,! mul* may !n be safely appli$ to su* vegetables z cabbage1 tomatoes1 potatoes1 & beans1 & ! g>d5 left to take c>e ( itself ! re/ ( ! season4 ,! same plans 7 work$ at ! ,new ,j]sey /ations4 ,"o season x 0 f\nd t mul*+ increas$ ! yield ( s\nd fruits ( eggplants #ff4e p] c5t & ( tomatoes & pepp]s ab\t #ac p] c5t ea*4 ,! keep+ quality ( cucumb]s also appe>$ to be slightly b5efit$ by ! use ( a mul*4 ,! season foll[+1 :i* 0 consid]ably m ra9y1 no advantage result$ f mul*+4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t !re 0 no noticeable diff]5ce 9 ! effectiv5ess ( new salt hay1 old hay1 or excelsior z a mul*4 ,sev]al ( ! exp]im5t /ations h c>ri$ out exp]im5ts 9 mul*+ potatoes4 ,! favorable results obta9$ 9 su* exp]im5ts 9 dry seasons at ! ,nebraska ,/ation h already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,at ! ,mi*igan ,/ation ! foll[+ yields 7 obta9$3 ,mul*$1 #afg bu%els ( potatoes p] acre2 cultivat$1 #aii bu%els p] acre4 ,) ano!r v>iety ! yield ( mul*$ potatoes 0 #beb bu%els1 & ( cultivat$1 #che bu%els4 ,! co/ ( cultivation 0 less ?an ! co/ ( mul*+1 & ! pr(it 9 bo? in/ances 0 9 favor ( cultivation4 ,x %\ld be /at$1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 a l>ge am\nt ( ra9 dur+ ?is season1 & t ! /raw us$ z a mul* conta9$ a consid]able am\nt ( gra91 :i* came up on ! mul*$ plats1 bo? ( :i* conditions 7 unfavorable to mul*+4 ,at ! ,oklahoma ,/ation ! total potato crop 0 increas$ ab\t #ej p] c5t by mul*+1 ! m>ketable crop ne>ly #ajj p] c5t1 & ! size ( ! tub]s ab\t #gj p] c5t4 ,mul*+ potatoes ) old %av+s at ! ,new ,j]sey /ations increas$ ! total numb] ( tub]s on a small plat ab\t #af p] c5t & ! weight ( ! crop ab\t #ce p] c5t4 ,at ! ,georgia ,/ation mul*+ potatoes ) p9e /raw 0 n f\nd to be ( suffici5t value to recomm5d ! practice4 ,^! conflict+ results secur$ ) potatoes w\ld seem to confirm ! conclusion rea*$ at ! ,nebraska ,/ation t mul*+ is ( greate/ value 9 a dry season4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a drawback to mul*+ t may n at fir/ occur to ! read]1 viz41 ! dang] x involves f fire4 ,9 dry wea!r a light$ mat* or cig> dropp$ ^u ! mul* may easily />t a conflagration t x may be impossible to /op until ! or*>d is de/roy$4 ,x gives disaffect$ trespass]s 9 ! or*>d an excell5t opportunity to take v5geance ^u ! own]4 ,! co/ ( ! mul* w ( c\rse dep5d mu* ^u ! price at :i* ! mat]ial may be obta9$4 ,clean :eat1 rye1 or oats /raw w\ld answ] ! purpose well1 & 9 _m localities w\ld be *eap] ?an m>% hay4 ,9 "s seasons oats s[n z a second crop w\ld gr[ fa/ en\gh to make mul*+ mat]ial by ! "t ( fro/4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( m>%es ! co>s] m>% grasses t h no value z hay may be cut aft] ! gr\nd freezes 9 autumn & w\ld make excell5t mat]ial = mul*+4 ,corn/alks h be5 sugge/$1 b !y are probably too co>se to keep d[n we$s4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t by s[+ rye 9 ,septemb]1 & h>ve/+ ! crop ! foll[+ ,june1 & !n s[+ ! same gr\nd to millet1 ! rye /raw ) ! millet w\ld mul* an area ( plums equal to t on :i* ! two crops 7 gr[n1 & w\ld leave ! ?ra%$ rye to comp5sate = ! labor4 ,?is is c]ta9ly wor? try+ by ^? :o h no bett] s\rce f :i* to obta9 mul*+4--7,nebr4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #gi1 #hj47 ,,irrigation4 ,?r\gh\t ! portions ( ! c\ntry :]e ra9s occur dur+ ! gr[+ season x %\ld n be necess>y to irrigate except occasionally 9 ord] to produce ! ord9>y g>d5 crops4 ,9 arid regions1 :]e irrigation mu/ be dep5d$ ^u = ! production ( crops1 ! sy/em be/ adapt$ = use 9 t p>ticul> locality %\ld be employ$ 9 ! g>d54 ,:]ev] irrigation is practic$ ! wat] %\ld n be appli$ until ne$$1 & !n ! soil %\ld be ?or\ghly soak$4 ,aft] irrigation1 ! l& %\ld be cultivat$ z soon z ! surface becomes suffici5tly dry1 & no m wat] %\ld be appli$ until ! plants beg9 to %[ ! ne$ ( additional moi/ure4 ,con/ant or excessive wat]+ is v detrim5tal 9 e case4 ,apply ! wat] at any "t ( ! day t is mo/ conv5i5t & :5 ! plants require x4 ,by ! subirrigation me?od ( wat]+1 l9es ( f>m dra9 tiles or p]=at$ pipes are laid on a level a few in*es bel[ ! surface ( ! soil4 ,?is sy/em is especially adapt$ = use 9 backy>d g>d5s :]e city wat] is available & :]e ! area "u cultivation is small4 ,subirrigation is exp5sive to in/all1 z ! l9es ( tiles %\ld be ab\t #c feet ap>t1 or "o l9e = ea* /&>d r[4 ,by connect+ ! tiles at "o end by means ( a tile across ! r[s ! wat] may be dis*>g$ into ! tiles at "o po9t f a hose1 & w f9d its way to all p>ts ( ! sy/em1 ent]+ ! soil ?r\gh ! op5+s4 ,,?9n+4 ,:]e plants are n to be transplant$ twice1 b rema9 9 ! plant b$ until requir$ = sett+ 9 ! g>d51 x may be necess>y to ?9 !m some:at4 ,?is "p ( ! "w %\ld be done z soon z ! plants are l>ge en\gh to pull1 & be=e !y beg9 to draw or become sp9dl+ f cr[d+4 ,:5 ?9n+ plants 9 ! plant b$ x %\ld be ! aim to remove ! c5t]s ( ! ?ick bun*es1 leav+ ! spaces z uni=m z possible4 ,:5 ?9n+ ! r[s ( se$l+s 9 ! g>d5 ! be/ plants %\ld be all[$ to rema91 b due consid]ation %\ld be giv5 to ! matt] ( prop] spac+4 ,failure to ?9 plants prop]ly w inv>iably result 9 ! production ( an inf]ior crop4 ,!re is a t5d5cy = "s g>d5]s to leave ! plants ( c>rots1 onions1 & simil> vegetables too ?ick1 or to def] ! ?9n+ too long1 ) ! int5tion ( mak+ use ( ! ?9n+s4 ,usually ?is is a s]i\s error1 except 9 ! case ( beets1 :i* c be us$ q "y = gre5s4 ,! cr[d$ se$l+s d n rea* edible size z soon z !y w\ld if n cr[d$2 & ! removal ( "p ( ! cr[d$ plants :5 !y are want$ = ! table is likely to s]i\sly di/urb & impair ! gr[? ( ^? :i* rema94 ,a bett] plan is to make at lea/ a prelim9>y ?9n+ z e>ly z possible1 leav+ ! plants p]haps twice z ?ick z !y are ev5tually to /&2 & !n to pull out e o!r plant aft] !y rea* edible size4 ,?is me?od ( ?9n+ is especially adapt$ to beets1 c>rots1 lettuce & onions4 ,! o!r root crops1 l p>snips & salsify1 %\ld be ?9n$ to ! full di/ance at ! fir/ ?9n+4--7,u4 ,wis4 ,cir4 #af2 ,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,transplant+4 ,at ! ,nor?1 :]e ! gr[+ season is %ort1 x is necess>y to transplant sev]al ( ! g>d5 crops 9 ord] to secure /rong plants t w mature )9 ! limits ( ! gr[+ season4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ! season is long]1 & transplant+1 :ile desirable1 may n be necess>y1 z _m crops t mu/ be />t$ indoors at ! ,nor? c be plant$ 9 ! g>d5 :]e !y are to rema94 ,transplant+ %\ld be done z soon z ! se$l+s are l>ge en\gh to h&le1 & aga9 :5 ! plants beg9 to cr[d "o ano!r4 ,aside f produc+ m uni=m & h>dy plants1 ! transplant+ process has sev]al o!r v m>k$ influ5ces4 ,c]ta9 crops :i* are gr[n = _! /raight roots are (t5 injur$ by hav+ _! roots b5t or brok5 9 transplant+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 su* plants z cel]y1 :i* at fir/ h a /raight root & are gr[n = _! tops1 are greatly b5efit$ by transplant+4 ,9 all cases transplant+ has a t5d5cy to increase ! numb] ( small roots1 & ^! are ! ma9 dep5d5ce ( ! plant at ! "t x is set 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,a l>ge numb] ( g>d5 crops1 includ+ melons1 cucumb]s1 & beans1 d n transplant readily f ! se$ b$ to ! op5 gr\nd1 & "s special means = h&l+ ! plants mu/ be employ$ :]e extra e>ly plant+ is desir$4 ,a common practice among g>d5]s is to fill p9t or qu>t b]ry boxes ) good soil & plant a s+le hill 9 ea* box4 ,ano!r me?od is to cut sods into pieces ab\t #b in*es ?ick & #f in*es squ>e & place !m1 root side upw>d1 on ! gre5h\se b5* or 9 ! hotb$1 ! hills be+ plant$ 9 ! loamy soil held 9 place by ! roots ( ! grass4 ,:5 ! wea!r becomes suffici5tly w>m1 & x is desir$ to set ! plants 9 ! g>d51 ! b]ry boxes or pieces ( sod are plac$ on a flat tray & c>ri$ to ! place :]e ! plant+ is to be done4 ,holes ( suffici5t size & dep? are dug & ! boxes or sods are simply buri$ at ! po9ts :]e x is desir$ to h ! hills ( plants4 ,! boxes %\ld be plac$ a little bel[ ! surface & f9e e>? work$ 9 ar\nd ! plants4 ,if x is ?\ght desirable1 ! bottoms ( ! boxes may be cut away :5 set 9 ! g>d54 ,,sett+ ,,9 ,,! ,,op5 ,,gr\nd4 ,a few h\rs be=e remov+ plants f ! se$ b$ or plant b$ !y %\ld be well wat]$ & ! wat] all[$ to soak into ! soil4 ,?is w insure a portion ( ! soil adh]+ to ! roots & prev5t ! plants f wilt+4 ,if ! plants h be5 prop]ly ?9n$ or transplant$ x is (t5 possible to run a knife or tr[el betwe5 !m1 ?us cutt+ ! soil into cubes t are transf]r$ ) !m to ! g>d54 ,:]e ! soil does n adh]e to ! roots ( ! plants x is well to puddle !m4 ,9 ! process ( puddl+1 a hole is dug 9 ! e>? ne> ! plant b$1 or a l>ge pail may be us$ = ! purpose1 & a ?9 slime1 consi/+ ( clay1 c[ manure1 & wat]1 is prep>$4 ,! plants are tak5 9 small bun*es & _! roots ?or\ghly coat$ ) ?is mixture by dipp+ !m up & d[n 9 ! puddle a few times4 ,puddl+ insures a coat+ ( moi/ e>? ov] ! entire root sy/em ( ! plant1 prev5ts ! air f rea*+ ! rootlets :ile on ! way to ! g>d51 & aids 9 secur+ direct contact betwe5 ! roots & ! soil4 ,previ\s to sett+ out plants1 ! l& %\ld be work$ ov] & put 9 good condition1 & ev]y?+ %\ld be ready = quick op]ations :5 a suitable "t arrives4 ,! r[s %\ld be measur$ (f1 b x is well to def] mak+ ! furr[s or digg+ ! holes until ready to plant1 9 ord] to h ! soil fre%4 ,! "t be/ suit$ = transf]r+ plants f ! plant b$ to ! op5 gr\nd is :5 !re is consid]able moi/ure 9 ! air & cl\ds obscure ! sun1 & if ! plants c be set be=e a %[] !re w be no difficulty 9 gett+ !m to gr[4 ,dur+ seasons :5 !re is v little ra9 at plant+ "t1 or 9 irrigat$ regions1 ev5+ is ! be/ "t to set ! plants4 ,x is possible to set plants 9 q dry soil1 provid$ ! roots are puddl$ & ! e>? well pack$ ab\t !m4 ,:5 wat] is us$ 9 sett+ plants x %\ld be appli$ aft] ! hole has be5 p>tially fill$1 & ! moi/ e>? %\ld !n be cov]$ ) dry soil to prev5t bak+4 ,:]e wat] is available = irrigation x w be suffici5t to puddle ! roots & !n irrigate aft] ! plants are all 9 place4 ,plants %\ld be set a trifle deep] 9 ! g>d5 ?an !y 7 9 ! plant b$4 ,! majority ( plants require to be set upright1 & :]e ! dibble is us$ = plant+ c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! soil is well press$ ar\nd ! roots & no air spaces left4 ,,precautions ,,to ,,avoid ,,attacks ,,( ,,insects ,,& ,,diseases4 ,9 ! control ( insects & diseases t infe/ g>d5 crops x is (t5 possible to accompli% a great am\nt ( good by c>eful sanit>y managem5t4 ,9 ! autumn1 aft] ! crops h be5 h>ve/$1 or z fa/ z any crop is dispos$ (1 any refuse t rema9s %\ld be ga!r$ & plac$ 9 ! compo/ heap1 or burn$ if diseas$ or infe/$ ) insects4 ,sev]al ( ! g>d5 insects f9d protection dur+ ! w9t] "u bo>ds & any loose mat]ial t may rema9 9 ! g>d54 ,dead v9es or leaves ( plants are frequ5tly cov]$ ) spores ( diseases t affect ^? crops dur+ ! gr[+ season1 & ^! %\ld be burn$1 z !y possess v little f]tiliz+ value4 ,,protection ,,( ,,plants4 ,"s plants require protection f ! direct rays ( ! sun 9 summ] or f cold 9 w9t]1 & !re are _m t ne$ special protection :ile !y are q small4 ,se$l+s ( _m ( ! g>d5 crops are unable to =ce _! way ?r\gh ! cru/ =m$ on ! soil aft] heavy ra9s1 & x is necess>y ei!r to break ! cru/ ) a /eel rake or s(t5 x by wat]+4 ,9 p>ts ( ! c\ntry :]e ! sun%9e is extremely hot dur+ a "p ( ! summ]1 "s plants1 especially ^? t are gr[n = salad purposes1 are b5efit$ by %ad+4 ,%ad+ is (t5 us$ 9 ! c>e ( small plants :5 !y are fir/ transplant$4 ,:]e bo>ds are available !y c be us$ = protect+ plants t h be5 set 9 r[s 9 ! g>d5 by plac+ !m on ! s\? side ( ! r[ at an angle t w ca/ a %ad[ ov] ! plants1 & hold+ !m 9 place by %ort /akes driv5 9 ! gr\nd4 ,la?s1 wood5 slats1 cotton clo?1 or %ad$ sa% are frequ5tly us$ to protect plant b$s f ! heat ( summ]4 ,= protect+ plants f cold 9 w9t] sev]al k9ds ( mat]ials are us$1 su* z bo>ds1 clo?1 p9e b\ghs1 /raw1 manure1 or leaves4 ,!re are a numb] ( crops ( a tropical nature t may be gr[n f> nor?1 provid$ !y are prop]ly protect$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,sev]al ( ! annual crops c be matur$ mu* e>li] 9 ! spr+ if !y are plant$ 9 ! autumn & protect$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,plants ( ?is k9d c (t5 be protect$ by means ( bo>ds set at an angle on ! nor? side ( ! r[ in/ead ( on ! s\?4 ,a mul* ( manure1 /raw1 or leaves =ms a good protection1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! mul* does n conta9 se$s ( any k9d or s]i\s tr\ble w att5d ! fur!r cultivation ( ! crop4 ,plants are l animals 9 t !y require air1 & c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 putt+ on ! w9t] cov]+ n to smo!r !m4 ,co>se1 loose mat]ials are bett] = a w9t] cov]+ ?an f9e1 easily compact$ sub/ances4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,h>ve/+1 ,,pack+ ,,& ,,%ipp+4 ,z a rule ! crop %\ld be h>ve/$ j be=e x rea*es maturity4 ,! "t = ?is dep5ds some:at ^u ! di/ance f ! m>ket & ! me?od ( %ipm5t4 ,rememb] t x co/s j z mu* freight = a package ( poor goods z = ! be/1 & :ile !re is a m>ket = good produce1 poor /uff n only does n br+ good prices1 b reacts ^u ! sup]ior article1 r$uc+ its price4 ,x is1 !re=e1 poor policy to %ip inf]ior goods4 ,inspect & assort rigor\sly1 reta9+ all d\btful product = cann+1 or to be o!rwise dispos$ (4 ,bett] lose x entirely ?an s5d x to m>ket to und]m9e ! good4 ,le>n :at k9d ( package ! m>ket y are sell+ 9 pref]s4 ,provide t package1 & pack ! goods securely & hone/ly4 ,be sure ! package is full4 ,n only is ?is m hone/1 b y\r produce w arrive ^u ! m>ket 9 bett] condition if ?is is done4 ,h ! goods 9 ea* package z ne> ! same size z possible1 & z ne> ! same degree ( rip5ess4 ,d n make ! error ( plac+ ! be/ on top4 ,rememb] t e package is exam9$ by ! buy] until he le>ns :e!r y are hone/ or n1 & ?is practice fools no "o1 & only s]ves to make ! buy] w>y ( y\r goods4 ,pack neatly 9 a neat clean package4 ,nail x up securely1 /5cil y\r "n & po/ (fice1 & ! "n ( ! consignee ^u x1 & %ip z promptly1 & by ! mo/ direct r\te possible4 ,notify ! consignee promptly ( ! %ipm5t 9 ord] t he may "k x is on ! way1 & h a *ance to provide = its reception & disposal4 ,! %ipm5t ( p]i%able goods by freight 9 refrig]ator c>s is pref]able4 ,v e>ly 9 ! season v5tilat$ c>s may give satisfaction4 ,except ) a few packages ( v e>ly vegetables or fruits1 express %ipm5ts w n1 z a rule1 be f\nd pr(itable4 ,n only w ! *>ges be f\r or five fold1 b ! packages are h&l$ s (t51 & s r\ghly1 t !y inv>iably rea* _! de/9ation 9 poor condition4 ,besides ?is1 !re is no assurance z to ! temp]ature be+ kept l[1 & a l[ temp]ature1 :ile 9 transit1 is ess5tial to ! arrival ( y\r produce ^u ! m>ket 9 good condition4 ,c>eful selection1 pack+ & %ipp+ _c be too /rongly urg$4 ,^u ! intellig5ce & c>e ) :i* ?is is done1 dep5ds1 l>gely1 ! success ( ! %ipp]4 ,rememb] t aft] leav+ y\r h&s1 & be=e rea*+ ! consum]1 ^! p]i%able goods are subject$ to _! greate/ ordeal1 & too mu* c>e _c be giv5 to make ?is te/ z light z possible4 ,a prop] und]/&+ ( ?is by ! %ipp] w\ld save _m a disappo9tm5t1 & _m a h>d ^w = ! consignee4 ,( c\rse1 all else be+ equal1 x is mu* saf] & m satisfactory to sell on ! track4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is n always possible1 nor is x always advisable :5 possible4 ,x w\ld be unju/ to dem& or to expect ! buy] to pay y ! net price ( ! big city m>ket = y\r goods at y\r home t[n4 ,9 buy+ f y !re1 he takes ! risk ( transportation1 ( ! fluctuations ( ! m>ket1 & pays all sell+ *>ges1 & x is b j & "r t he %\ld be all[$ a fair m>g9 = ^! risks4 ,on ! o!r h&1 human nature is ! same ! _w ov]1 & unless y wat* ,mr4 ,buy] closely1 y w f9d he %[s a decid$ t5d5cy to make ?is m>g9 unnecess>ily l>ge4 ,to sell on track1 intellig5tly & advantage\sly1 !re=e1 y mu/ make a close /udy ( ! m>ket conditions4 ,x is n en\gh to "k :at /uff sold = la/ week4 ,y %\ld "k :at x sold = ! day be=e1 & :at ! conditions ( supply & dem& are4 ,is ! crop a l>ge "o8 ,is ! movem5t to y\r m>ket l>ge or light8 ,is ! dem& brisk or dull8 ,is y\r railroad s]vice effici5t8 ,all ^! que/ions %\ld be consid]$1 & unless ! f>m] recognizes t ! disposal ( 8 crop is a bus9ess1 & adopts bus9ess me?ods1 he is sure to come to grief4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 x is necess>y to h "s reliable s\rce ( in=mation4 ,= ?is purpose1 select "s reliable commission h\se1 & if necess>y1 pay !m to furni% y daily m>ket reports by wire dur+ ! %ipp+ season4 ,d n begrudge ! little money ^! telegrams w co/1 = !y w frequ5tly save y _m a doll>1 ev5 on "o c>load4--7,la4 ,/4 ,u4 ,a4 ,m4 ,col4 #ha47 ,,cann+ ,,vegetables ,,9 ,,! ,,home4 ,"o ( ! _m problems t confront ! ,am]ican h\sewife is ! supply ( vegetables = h] table dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,:at c ,i h = d9n] today8 is a "q (t5 he>d4 ,s9ce ! adv5t ( ! mod]n gre5h\se & ! =c+ ( vegetables "u glass1 fre% vegetables c usually be f\nd at any "t 9 ! m>kets ( ! l>ge cities4 ,b ! co/ ( =c+ vegetables or gr[+ !m out ( season is & w cont9ue to be v great4 ,?is makes ! price s high z almo/ to prohibit _! use by p ( mod]ate means1 except z a luxury4 ,a heal?ful diet1 h[ev]1 mu/ include vegetables1 & !re=e ! h\sewife turns to cann$ goods z ! only alt]native4 ,^! are sometimes poor sub/itutes = ! fre% article1 especially ! *eap] comm]cial grades1 :i* necess>ily lack ! delicate flavor ( ! fre% vegetable4 ,!re is practically no dang]1 h[ev]1 f contam9ation ) t9 or o!r metals provid+ ! conta9]s are made ( prop] mat]ials & h&l$ c>efully4 ,9 "s cases ! prop] c>e is n tak5 9 pack+ vegetables = m>ket4 ,! decay$ & refuse portions are n s c>efully remov$ z !y %\ld be & ! requisite degree ( cleanl9ess is n obs]v$ 9 _! pack+4 ,happily1 h[ev]1 su* c>elessness is n g5]al4 ,e h\sewife may run a m9iature cann+ factory 9 h] own kit*51 & on ! f>m ?is is especially economical & desirable1 ! economy be+ less pron\nc$ 9 ! case ( city dwell]s1 :o mu/ buy _! fruits & vegetables4 ,en\gh vegetables annually g to wa/e f ! av]age f>m g>d5 to supply ! table dur+ ! entire w9t]4 ,b usually ! f>m]'s wife cans h] tomatoes1 pres]ves h] fruits1 & leaves h] mo/ :olesome & nutriti\s vegetables to decay 9 ! field1 "u ! impression t x is impossible to keep !m4 ,?is is a great mi/ake4 ,x is j z easy to keep corn or /r+ beans z x is to keep tomatoes1 if y "k h[4 ,/]ilization4--,! great secret ( cann+ or pres]v+ lies 9 complete /]ilization4 ,! air we brea!1 ! wat] we dr9k1 all fruits & vegetables1 are teem+ ) m9ute =ms ( life :i* we call bact]ia1 or molds1 or g]ms4 ,^! g]ms are practically ! sole cause ( decomposition or rott+4 ,! exclusion ( air f cann$ articles1 :i* 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be s important1 is unnecess>y provid$ ! air is /]ile or free f g]ms4 ,! exclusion ( air is necess>y only because 9 exclud+ x we exclude ! g]m4 ,9 o!r words1 air :i* has be5 /]iliz$ or fre$ f g]ms by heat or me*anical means c be pass$ cont9u\sly ov] cann$ articles )\t affect+ !m 9 ! lea/4 ,if a glass bottle is fill$ ) "s vegetable :i* ord9>ily spoils v rapidly--= in/ance1 /r+ beans--&1 in/ead ( a cork1 x is /opp]$ ) a ?ick plug ( raw cotton & heat$ until all g]m life is de/roy$1 ! beans w keep indef9itely4 ,! air c readily pass 9 & out ( ! bottle ?r\gh ! plug ( cotton1 :ile ! g]ms f ! outside air _c pass ?r\gh1 b are caught & held 9 its me%es4 ,?is %[s t ! g]ms & _! spores or se$s are ! only causes ( spoilage t we h to deal ) 9 cann+4 ,g]ms :i* cause decay may be divid$ into ?ree classes--yea/s1 molds & bact]ia4 ,all ?ree ( ^! are !mselves plants ( a v l[ ord]1 & all attack o!r plants ( a high] ord] 9 some:at ! same way4 ,e h\sewife is famili> ) ! yea/ plant & its habits4 ,x ?rives 9 sub/ances conta9+ sug>1 :i* x decomposes or breaks up into c>bonic acid & alcohol4 ,?is fact is made use ( 9 bread mak+1 z well z 9 ! manufacture ( di/ill$ spirits4 ,yea/s are easily kill$1 s !y c be left out ( consid]ation 9 cann+ vegetables4 ,molds1 l yea/s1 ?rive 9 mixtures conta9+ sug>1 z well z 9 acid vegetables1 su* z ! tomato1 :]e nei!r yea/s nor bact]ia readily gr[4 ,al?\gh m resi/ant to heat ?an yea/s1 !y are usually kill$ at ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat]4 ,z a g5]al rule1 molds are likely to attack jellies & pres]ves & are n conc]n$ ) ! spoil+ ( cann$ vegetables4 ,! spoil+ ( vegetables is due prim>ily to bact]ia4 ,! reproduction ( bact]ia is br\ght ab\t by "o ( two processes4 ,! g]m ei!r divides itself into two p>ts1 mak+ two bact]ia :]e "o exi/$ be=e1 or else reproduces itself by means ( spores4 ,^! spores may be comp>$ ) se$s ( an ord9>y plant1 & !y pres5t ! *ief difficulty 9 cann+ vegetables4 ,:ile ! p>5t bact]ia may be readily kill$ at ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat]1 ! se$s reta9 _! vitality = a long "t ev5 at t temp]ature1 & ^u cool+ w g]m9ate1 & ! newly =m$ bact]ia w beg9 _! de/ructive "w4 ,!re=e x is necess>y1 9 ord] to completely /]ilize a vegetable1 to heat x to ! boil+ po9t ( wat] & keep x at t temp]ature = ab\t "o h\r1 ^u two or ?ree successive days1 or else keep x at ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat] = a long p]iod ( "t--ab\t five h\rs4 ,! process ( boil+ ^u successive days is ! "o t is always employ$ 9 sci5tific "w & is mu* to be pref]r$4 ,! boil+ on ! fir/ day kills all ! molds & practically all ( ! bact]ia1 b does n kill ! spores or se$s4 ,z soon z ! j> cools ^! se$s g]m9ate & a fre% crop ( bact]ia beg9 "w ^u ! vegetables4 ,! boil+ ^u ! second day kills ?is crop ( bact]ia be=e !y h _h "t to develop spores4 ,! boil+ ^u ! ?ird day is n always necess>y1 b is advisable 9 ord] to be sure t ! /]ilization is complete4 ,among sci5ti/s ?is is call$ fractional /]ilization1 & ?is pr9ciple con/itutes ! :ole secret ( cann+4 ,if ! h\sewife w only be> ?is 9 m9d %e w be able ) a little +5uity to c any meat1 fruit1 or vegetable4 ,exclusion ( ! ,air4--,ev5 aft] /]ilization is complete ! "w is n yet done4 ,! spores ( bact]ia are s light t !y float ab\t 9 ! air & settle ^u almo/ ev]y?+4 ,! air is alive ) !m4 ,a bubble ( air no l>g] ?an a pea may conta9 hundr$s ( !m4 ,!re=e x is necess>y aft] /]iliz+ a j> ( vegetables to exclude c>efully all outside air4 ,if "o bact]ium or "o ( its spores %\ld get 9 & f9d a re/+ place1 9 ! c\rse ( a few days ! cont5ts ( ! j> w\ld spoil4 ,?is is :y ! exclusion ( air is an important factor1 n because ! air itself does any damage b because ( ! ev]-pres5t bact]ia4 ,all ( ?is may seem new fa%ion$ & unnecess>y to "s h\sekeep]s4 ,p]sons h q (t5 he>d x said3 ,my gr&mo!r nev] did ?is1 & %e 0 ! mo/ successful woman at cann+ t ,i ev] knew4 ,possibly s1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t gr&mo!r made h] pres]ves--delici\s !y 71 too--& cann$ h] tomatoes1 b did n attempt to keep ! mo/ nutriti\s & mo/ delicately flavor$ vegetables1 su* z lima beans1 /r+ beans1 okra1 asp>agus1 or ev5 corn4 ,s-,call$ ,pres]v+ ,p[d]s4--,!re are a great _m br&s ( s-call$ pres]v+ p[d]s on ! m>ket4 ,^! are sold n only "u adv]tis$ trade names b by druggi/s & p$dl]s ev]y:]e4 ,9 ! directions = use ! h\sewife is told to fill ! j> ) ! fruit or vegetable to be cann$1 to cov] ) wat]1 & to add a teaspoonful ( ! p[d]4 ,x is true t ^! p[d]s may prev5t ! decay ( ! fruit or vegetable1 b !y also enc\rage uncleanly1 c>eless "w1 & 9 ! h&s ( inexp]i5c$ p]sons may be dang]\s4 ,:ile ) small doses ! influ5ce may n be app>5t 9 an adult 9 normal heal?1 ) a *ild or an invalid ! effect may be ( a s]i\s nature4 ,! prop] way to /]ilize is by means ( heat1 & z ?is c be done v easily & *eaply ! use ( *emical pres]vatives 9 cann+ is n to be recomm5d$4 ,k9ds ( ,j>s4--,! fir/ requisite = successful cann+ is a good j>4 ,glass is ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,t9 is m or less soluble 9 ! juices ( fruits & vegetables4 ,ev5 ! mo/ improv$ /yles ( t9 cans :i* are lacqu]$ on ! inside to prev5t ! juice f com+ 9 contact ) ! t9 are op5 to ?is objection4 ,:ile ! am\nt ( t9 dissolv$ "u ^! conditions is v small1 en\gh does come ?r\gh ! lacqu] & into ! cont5ts ( ! c to be detect$ 9 an ord9>y analysis4 ,:ile ! small am\nt ( t9 may n be injuri\s1 x gives an undesirable color to _m cann$ articles4 ,t9 cans c n readily be us$ a second "t1 :ile glass ) prop] c>e w la/ indef9itely4 ,!re are a great _m k9ds ( glass j>s on ! m>ket1 _m ( !m possess+ c]ta9 di/9ct po9ts ( advantage4 ,! ord9>y screw-top j> is ! "o 9 mo/ common use4 ,al?\gh *eap 9 price1 ^! j>s are ! mo/ exp5sive 9 ! long run4 ,! tops la/ only a few ye>s &1 be+ *eaply made1 ! breakage is usually great] ?an t ( a bett] grade ( j>4 ,! tops also furni% an excell5t hid+ place = g]ms1 :i* makes /]ilization v difficult4 ,! mo/ satisfactory j> is ! "o :i* has a rubb] r+ & glass top1 held 9 place by a simple wire spr+4 ,!re are sev]al br&s ( ^! j>s on ! m>ket1 s no difficulty %\ld be exp]i5c$ 9 obta9+ !m4 ,vegetables (t5 spoil aft] be+ /]iliz$ because ( defective rubb]s4 ,x is poor economy to buy *eap rubb]s or to use !m a second "t4 ,z a g5]al rule black rubb]s are m durable ?an :ite ones4 ,buy a good grade ( j>4 ,! be/ quality usually retails at f a doll> to a doll> & tw5ty-five c5ts a doz54 ,! initial exp5se may be1 !re=e1 some:at high1 b ) prop] c>e !y %\ld la/ _m ye>s4 ,! annual breakage %\ld be less ?an #c p] c5t on ! av]age4 ,9 select+ a j> always give pref]5ce to ^? hav+ wide m\?s4 ,9 cann+ :ole fruit or vegetables & 9 clean+ ! j>s ! wide m\? w be f\nd to be decid$ly pref]able4 ,conta9]s = ,/]iliz+4--,a t9 clo!s boil] ) a false bottom made ( wire nett+ cut to fit may be us$ z a conta9] = /]iliz+4 ,! nett+ is made ( m$ium-siz$ galvaniz$ wire 7,no4 #af7 ) "o-half in* me%4 ,a false bottom is absolutely necess>y1 z ! j>s w break if set flat ^u ! bottom ( ! boil]4 ,n>r[ /rips ( wood1 /raw1 or almo/ any?+ ( ?is nature may be us$ = ! purpose1 b ! wire gauze is clean & conv5i5t4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( pat5t /eam]s or /eam cook]s 9 common use4 ,^! h ei!r "o or two doors & hold a doz5 or m qu>t j>s4 ,!y are ideal = cann+1 b !y are some:at exp5sive & c be easily disp5s$ )4 ,a common ham boil] or clo!s boil] ) a tight-fitt+ cov] w answ] e purpose4--7,f4 ,b4 #cei47 ,selection & ,prep>ation ( ,vegetables4--,! fir/ /ep 9 successful cann+ is ! selection & prep>ation ( ! vegetables4 ,nev] attempt to c any vegetable t has matur$ & comm5c$ to h>d5 or "o t has begun to decay4 ,z a g5]al rule1 "y vegetables are sup]ior 9 flavor & texture to ! m mature ones4 ,?is is especially true ( /r+ beans1 okra1 & asp>agus4 ,vegetables are bett] if ga!r$ 9 ! e>ly morn+ :ile ! dew is /ill on !m4 ,if x is impossible to c !m imm$iately1 d n all[ !m to )]1 b put !m 9 cold wat]1 or 9 a cold1 damp place & keep !m crisp until y are ready = !m4 ,d y\r cann+ 9 a well-swept & well-du/$ room4 ,?is w t5d to r$uce ! numb] ( spores float+ ab\t & less5 ! *ances ( inoculation4 ,,/or+4 ,! assortm5t ( vegetables :i* c be made available = w9t] use is mu* l>g] ?an is ord9>ily suppos$4 ,no less ?an ?irty di/9ct k9ds ( vegetables c be pres]v$ = w9t] use by prop] me?ods ( /or+1 cann+1 & pickl+4 ,( ^!1 at lea/ tw5ty may be kept 9 ! fre% /ate1 )\t cann+ or pickl+4 ,besides ! /aple crop1 potatoes1 ! li/ includes ! root crops 7beets1 c>rots1 horse-radi%1 p>snips1 w9t] radi%1 ruta-baga1 salsify1 turnips71 kohl-rabi1 cabbage1 cel]y1 leeks1 *icory1 p>sley1 onions1 dry beans1 pumpk9s1 squa%es & sweet potatoes4 ,! vegetables mo/ commonly cann$ are rhub>b1 tomatoes1 corn1 peas & /r+ beans2 ^? commonly pres]v$ by pickl+ are caulifl[]1 cucumb]s 7bo? gre5 & ripe71 citron1 gre5 pepp]s & gre5 tomatoes4 ,:5 vegetables are to be cann$ or pickl$1 x is n usually necess>y to gr[ !m especially = t purpose1 except to make sure t a suitable v>iety is plant$ 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,:5 ! vegetables h rea*$ ! "r /age ( maturity & ! supply is abundant1 "p ( ! crop is simply cann$ or pickl$ )\t special reg>d to ! p>ticul> "t 9 ! season x may be done4 ,h[ev]1 ) vegetables to be pres]v$ 9 ! fre% /ate = w9t] use x is ess5tial t !y be plant$ at su* a "t t !y w rea* ! "r /age ( developm5t at ! prop] season = /or+4 ,?is means t 9 ! case ( "s ( ! crops !y w be plant$ consid]ably lat] ?an if design$ = summ] use1 s9ce ! product is ( bett] quality if n all[$ to cont9ue gr[? aft] rea*+ ! desir$ /age ( developm5t1 & ?is /age %\ld n be rea*$ be=e ! arrival ( ! /orage season4 ,s9ce mo/ vegetables usually keep be/ if put into /orage comp>atively late1 x %\ld be ! aim ( ! g>d5] to mature ! vegetables = w9t] use z late 9 ! season z he c1 & yet h !m h>ve/$ be=e !y are injur$ by cold4 ,( ! vegetables /or$ = w9t]1 "s require entirely diff]5t conditions 9 /orage ?an d o!rs1 s t attempts to /ore all vegetables "u ! same conditions w\ld result only 9 failure4 ,9 ord] t ! root crops may be /or$ )\t wilt+1 rott+ or />t+ into gr[?1 !y mu/ be kept cool1 fairly moi/1 & away f contact ) circulat+ air4 ,cabbage may be successfully /or$ "u ! same conditions4 ,onions mu/ be kept at a l[ temp]ature1 b diff] f ! root crops 9 t !y mu/ be 9 a dry atmosph]e & h free circulation ( air4 ,9 a moi/ atmosph]e1 "u high temp]ature1 !y w\ld ei!r rot or spr\t4 ,vegetables t are expect$ to cont9ue gr[? :ile 9 /orage1 su* z cel]y1 leeks1 ,brussels spr\ts1 *icory & p>sley1 mu/ be plant$ 9 dirt & ! roots kept moi/4 ,air %\ld circulate freely ab\t ! tops1 & ! temp]ature mu/ be l[4 ,on ! o!r h&1 sweet potatoes1 pumpk9s & squa%es dem& a high temp]ature & dry atmosph]e1 ) free circulation ( air4 ,! conditions ( /orage favorable to ! diff]5t crops are secur$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,m>ket g>d5]s use outdoor pits or specially con/ruct$ cell>s = _! root crops1 cabbage & cel]y4 ,onions are comm]cially /or$ 9 slatt$ crates pil$ 9 ti]s 9 fro/-pro( h\ses provid$ ) means = v5tilation s t ! temp]ature c be ma9ta9$ at slightly above freez+4 ,sweet potatoes & squa%es are also /or$ 9 specially con/ruct$ h\ses1 9 :i* ! temp]ature c be controll$2 b s9ce a high temp]ature is dem&$ = ^! crops1 artificial heat is usually employ$4 ,circulation ( air ab\t ^! products 9 /orage is facilitat$ by ! use ( slatt$ b9s1 & all[+ ample space betwe5 ! b9s & ! side walls ( ! build+4 ,= home use ! root crops & cabbage c be/ be /or$ 9 outdoor pits = late w9t] use1 & 9 ! cell> = use e>ly 9 ! season4 ,! *ief objection usually urg$ aga9/ /or+ root crops 9 ! cell> is t !y are likely to wilt4 ,?is difficulty c be obviat$ by pack+ ! roots 9 boxes ) alt]nate lay]s ( e>? or s&1 & plac+ ! boxes 9 ! coole/ "p ( ! cell>4 ,! e>? w absorb any odors 9 case ! vegetables %\ld />t to decay1 & ?us avoid endang]+ ! heal? ( ! family4 ,cabbage c be /or$ 9 ! same way if ! roots & out] leaves are remov$ & m]ely ! heads are pack$ 9 boxes or b>rels ( e>?4 ,cabbage int5d$ = late w9t] use1 h[ev]1 w keep bett] 9 an outdoor pit ?an 9 a cell>4 ,! same is true ( p>snips1 salsify1 horse-radi% & "s ( ! o!r root crops4 ,except :]e ! gr\nd is especially well dra9$1 ! pits are usually made entirely above gr\nd4 ,= /or+ cabbage 9 ?is mann]1 ! plants are pull$ ) ! roots & leaves on1 & plac$ upside-d[n 9 regul> ord] on a level piece ( gr\nd4 ,usually ?ree plants are plac$ side by side1 ) two above1 & ?is arrangem5t repeat$ s t ! f9al result is a long1 l[ pile ( cabbage %[+ five plants 9 a cross section4 ,e>? is pil$ aga9/ & ov] ?is array ( cabbage until ! plants1 includ+ ! roots1 are entirely cov]$4 ,9 a sev]e climate1 a lay] ( manure may be add$ :5 cold wea!r arrives4 ,= /or+ p>snips1 salsify & horse-radi%1 :i* are un9jur$ by freez+1 ! roots may be plac$ 9 a pile on ! gr\nd & cov]$ ) ab\t six in*es ( e>?4 ,! advantage ( /or+ 9 ?is mann]1 in/ead ( all[+ ! roots to rema9 :]e !y grew1 is ! sav+ 9 "t ( digg+1 :5 a few roots are want$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,x is mu* easi] to op5 ! pit :5 ! gr\nd is froz5 ?an to dig roots f ! g>d5 ) a pick4 ,9 fact1 ! difficulty ( digg+ almo/ precludes ! use ( ^! crops 9 midw9t] unless !y are m accessible ?an 9 ! place :]e !y grew4 ,beets1 c>rots1 turnips1 ruta-bagas1 kohl-rabi & ,iri% potatoes c also be /or$ 9 outdoor pits1 b !y mu/ be cov]$ suffici5tly to prev5t freez+4 ,"o ( ! be/ ways ( h&l+ ^! crops is to place !m 9 a conical pile & cov] fir/ ) six or eight in*es ( hay or /raw1 !n ) e>? to a simil> dep?4 ,if extremely cold wea!r is expect$1 a lay] ( manure %\ld be plac$ outside ( ! e>?4 ,9 gett+ vegetables f pits ( ?is k9d 9 midw9t]1 ! manure is remov$ slightly f "o side ( ! pit ne> ! bottom & a hole ab\t a foot squ>e *opp$ ?r\gh ! froz5 e>? ) an old ax4 ,suffici5t hay is !n pull$ out by means ( an iron hook1 to enable a p]son to ?ru/ 8 arm into ! op5+ & rea* ! vegetables4--7,u4 ,ill4 #aed47 ,,e>ly ,,plants ,,9 ,,hotb$s4 ,! mo/ common me?od ( />t+ e>ly plants 9 ! ,nor? is by means ( a hotb$4 ,! hotb$ consi/s ( an inclosure cov]$ ) sa% & suppli$ ) "s =m ( heat1 usually f]m5t+ /able manure1 to keep ! plants w>m & 9 a gr[+ condition4 ,z a rule1 ! hotb$ %\ld n be plac$ )9 ! g>d5 inclosure1 b ne> "s frequ5tly us$ pa? or build+ :]e x c receive att5tion )\t int]f]+ ) o!r "w4 ,! hotb$ %\ld always face to ! s\?1 & ! s\? side ( ei!r a dwell+1 b>n1 tight bo>d f5ce1 h$ge1 or any?+ af=d+ a simil> protection1 w furni% a good location4 ,! hotb$ %\ld be />t$ 9 ,febru>y or e>ly 9 ,m>*1 9 ord] t su* plants z ! tomato & e>ly cabbage may be well gr[n 9 "t to plant 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,!re are two or ?ree =ms ( hotb$s t are wor?y ( use4 ,a tempor>y hotb$1 su* z w\ld ord9>ily be employ$ on ! f>m1 is easily con/ruct$ by ! use ( manure f ! horse /able z a means ( furni%+ ! heat4 ,select a well-dra9$ location1 :]e ! b$ w be %elt]$1 %ake out ! manure into a broad1 flat heap1 & ?or\ghly compact x by tramp+4 ,! manure heap %\ld be #h or #i feet wide1 #ah to #bd in*es deep :5 compact$1 & ( any desir$ l5g?1 accord+ to ! numb] ( sa% to be employ$4 ,! manure = hotb$ purposes %\ld conta9 suffici5t litt]1 su* z leaves or /raw1 to prev5t its pack+ soggy1 & %\ld spr+ slightly :5 trodd5 ^u4 ,aft] ! manure has be5 prop]ly tramp$ & level$1 ! frames to support ! sa% are plac$ 9 position fac+ t[>d ! s\?4 ,^! frames are g5]ally made to c>ry #d /&>d hotb$ sa%1 & ! front bo>d %\ld be #d to #f in*es l[] ?an ! back1 9 ord] t wat] w dra9 f ! glass4 ,?ree to five in*es ( good g>d5 loam or specially prep>$ soil is spread ev5ly ov] ! area inclos$ by ! frame1 ! sa% put on1 & ! b$ all[$ to heat4 ,at fir/ ! temp]ature ( ! b$ w run q high1 b no se$s %\ld be plant$ until ! soil temp]ature falls to #hj ,f41 :i* w be 9 ab\t ?ree days4 ,9 mo/ f>mh\ses en\gh heat is wa/$ ?r\gh\t ! w9t] to su/a9 a small ho?\se to say no?+ ( a hotb$4 ,hotb$s hav+ m or less p]man5ce may be s con/ruct$ z to be heat$ ei!r ) f]m5t+ manure1 a /ove1 a brick flue1 or by means ( radiat+ pipes suppli$ ) /eam or hot wat] f a dwell+ or o!r heat+ plant4 ,= a p]man5t b$ 9 :i* f]m5t+ manure is to supply ! heat1 a pit #bd to #cj in*es 9 dep? %\ld be provid$4 ,! sides & ends ( ! pit may be support$ by brick walls or by a l9+ ( #b-;in* plank held 9 place by /akes4 ,/&>d hotb$ sa% are #c by #f feet 9 size1 & are usually con/ruct$ ( :ite p9e or cypress4 ,z a rule1 hotb$ sa% c be pur*as$ *eap] ?an !y c be made locally1 & are on sale by se$sm5 & deal]s 9 g>d5 supplies4 ,9 ! cold] p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 9 addition to glaz$ sa% ei!r bo>d %utt]s1 /raw mats1 burlap1 or old c>pet w be requir$ z a cov]+ dur+ cold nights4 ,x is also desirable to h a supply ( /raw or loose manure on h& to ?r[ ov] ! b$ 9 case ( extremely cold wea!r4 ,dur+ bright days ! hotb$ w heat v quickly f ! sun%9e on ! glass & x w be necess>y to v5tilate dur+ ! e>ly morn+ by slightly rais+ ! sa% on ! opposite side f ! w9d4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 v5tilat+ to protect ! plants f a draft ( cold air4 ,t[>d ev5+ ! sa% %\ld be clos$ 9 ord] t ! b$ may become suffici5tly w>m be=e nightfall4 ,hotb$s %\ld be wat]$ on bright days & 9 ! morn+ only4 ,wat]+ 9 ! ev5+ or on cl\dy days w h a t5d5cy to *ill ! b$ & increase ! dang] f freez+4 ,aft] wat]+1 ! b$ %\ld be well v5tilat$ to dry ! foliage ( ! plants & ! surface ( ! soil & prev5t ! plants be+ lo/ by damp+-(f fungus or mildew4 ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,plants4 ,successful transplant+ ( indoor-gr[n plants to ! g>d5 or field dep5ds l>gely ^u _! prop] treatm5t dur+ ! two weeks prec$+ ! "t ( _! removal4 ,sp9dl+ & t5d] plants w n )/& ! exposure ( ! op5 gr\nd s well z /urdy1 well-gr[n plants1 su* z may be secur$ by prop] h&l+4 ,plants gr[n 9 a h\se1 hotb$1 or cold frame w require to be h>d5$ (f be=e plant+ 9 ! g>d54 ,by ! process ( h>d5+ (f1 ! plants are gradually acclimat$ to ! effects ( ! sun & w9d s t !y w /& transplant+ to ! op5 gr\nd4 ,h>d5+ (f is usually accompli%$ by v5tilat+ freely & by r$uc+ ! am\nt ( wat] appli$ to ! plant b$4 ,! plant b$ %\ld n become s dry t ! plants w wilt or be s]i\sly *eck$ 9 _! gr[?4 ,aft] a few days x w be possible to leave ! plants uncov]$ dur+ ! entire day & on mild nights4 ,by ! "t ! plants are requir$ = sett+ 9 ! g>d5 !y %\ld be ?or\ghly acclimat$ to outdoor conditions & c be transplant$ ) b few losses4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,u4 ,mo4 ,col4 ,ag4 ,me*4 ,arts #cc2 ,n4 ,la4 #ha2 ,kan4 ,/4 ,ag4 ,col4 #gj2 ,s4 ,dak4 #dg2 ,u4 ,idaho #ag47 ,illu/ration3 ,,tempor>y ,,hotb$s ,,9 ,a ,,city ,,back ,,y>d ,,frames ,,us$ ,,9 ,,truck ,,gr[+4 ,int5sive g>d5+ "u sa% or clo? cov]s has become "o ( ! mo/ popul> &1 9 c]ta9 localities :]e ! conditions are suitable1 "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable l9es ( outdoor "w4 ,! truck] & ! m>ket g>d5] ( ! pres5t day h be5 compell$ by ke5 competition & a con/antly increas+ dem& = high-grade products out ( season to provide special facilities = increas+ & improv+ ! product1 z well z to take advantage ( e favorable natural condition4 ,_m localities are especially favor$ ) an abundance ( sun%9e at all seasons ( ! ye>1 & at ! same "t _! climate1 due to ! influ5ce ( l>ge /reams or ne>-by bodies ( wat]1 is mild & free f extremes ( temp]ature4 ,9 su* localities x w\ld be possible to gr[ lettuce1 radi%es1 & simil> crops dur+ ! entire w9t] )\t protection 7 x n = a few cold days & nights4 ,a v slight cov]+ or ! application ( a small am\nt ( heat w1 z a rule1 c>ry ! plants ?r\gh 9 good condition4 ,?is indu/ry may readily be comb9$ ) regul> truck f>m+1 z x furni%es remun]ative employm5t dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,a comp>atively small area is necess>y = ! frames1 b sev]al times t acreage ( l& %\ld be available1 s t ! site ( ! frames may be *ang$ e few ye>s to safegu>d aga9/ diseases & insect injuries4 ,clo?-,cov]$ ,frames4--,! type ( frame or b$ v>ies ) ! diff]5t localities & is ord9>ily no m elaborate or exp5sive ?an is necess>y to protect ! crops4 ,9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,c>ol9a ! type ( frame g5]ally us$ is t hav+ = ! sides two l9es ( #ab-;in* bo>ds set on edge & held 9 place by means ( /akes driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,! cov]+ ( *eap unblea*$ musl9 is support$ on /rips ( wood #a in* ?ick & #b-a_/b or #c in*es wide1 :i* are rais$ 9 ! c5t] by be+ c>ri$ ov] ! top ( a /ake2 ! ends are held d[n by nail+ to ! sides ( ! b$4 ,mo/ ( ^! frames are tempor>y & are tak5 ap>t & /or$ dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,be=e plac+ ! frames 9 position 9 ! autumn ! soil is pl[$1 ?or\ghly fitt$1 & giv5 a lib]al dress+ ( well-rott$ /able manure & comm]cial f]tiliz]s4 ,! plac+ ( ! bo>ds w cause "s trampl+ ( ! b$1 & be=e putt+ 9 ! ends & nail+ on ! raft]s or /rips to support ! clo? x is desirable to loos5 ! soil aga9 by means ( a h>r[ or cultivator4 ,! /akes = support+ ! cross /rips or raft]s are !n driv5 ?r\gh ! c5t] & ! /rips nail$ 9 place at int]vals ( #d feet4 ,! ends are inclos$ by means ( #ab-;in* bo>ds1 & ! b$ is !n ready = ! clo? cov]4 ,! clo? is fir/ /it*$1 ) ! /rips runn+ l5g?wise ( ! b$1 into "o great %eet l>ge en\gh to cov] ! entire b$4 ,?is %eet is fa/5$ on ! nor? side ( ! frame by nail+ ov] x pla/]+ la?s or simil> /rips ( wood4 ,! clo? %\ld n be fa/5$ to ! top edge ( ! bo>d b on ! side1 #a or #b in*es bel[ ! top4 ,= fa/5+ ! %eet on ! s\? side ( ! frame %ort loops ( /r+ or clo? are atta*$ to its edge & ^! are loop$ ov] nails driv5 into ! side ( ! b$4 ,sa%-,cov]$ ,frames4--,9 ! tidewat] region ( ,virg9ia ! frames are cov]$ ) hotb$ sa%4 ,! climate ( ,norfolk is a little too sev]e = ! use ( clo? except = e>ly autumn & spr+ crops4 ,a numb] ( gr[]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,norfolk h&le sa%-cov]$ frames occupy+ z mu* z #c1 #d1 or #e acres ea* season4 ,= ! sides & ends ( ^! frames ! same class ( *eap lumb] z = ! clo?-cov]$ frames is us$4 ,heat$ ,frames4--,f>!r nor?1 ne> ,*icago1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,clevel&1 ,detroit1 ,baltimore1 ,philadelphia1 ,c9c9nati1 ,new ,york1 & ,bo/on1 sa%-cov]$ frames are ext5sively us$ = gr[+ e>ly vegetables4 ,?is "w is practically ! same z t f\nd at ,norfolk1 except t ! frames are con/ruct$ ov] an excavation :i* is fill$ ) f]m5t+ manure to provide heat4 ,:]e manure-heat$ b$s are ext5sively us$ = gr[+ e>ly vegetables a long1 %all[ pit is op5$1 ! manure is trodd5 91 & #ab-;in* bo>ds are fa/5$ to /akes to =m ! sides4 ,! bo>d on ! nor? side is rais$ a little high] ?an ! "o on ! s\? side 9 ord] to =m a slope = ! glass4 ,a few /rips are nail$ across ! b$ to prev5t ! sides f com+ 9 by ! pressure ( ! manure or soil t is bank$ on ! outside1 & ! sa% simply re/ on ! sides )\t any guide or support+ /rips betwe5 !m4 ,/raw mats & bo>d %utt]s are employ$ z a protection = ! sa% dur+ cold wea!r4 ,temp]ature ( ,frames4--,! temp]ature at :i* ! air ( ! b$s %\ld be c>ri$ w dep5d entirely ^u ! crop be+ gr[n4 ,!rmomet]s %\ld be plac$ at int]vals 9 ! b$s1 z x is n safe to judge ! temp]ature by p]sonal s5sation4 ,if lettuce1 p>sley1 or radi%es are gr[+ 9 ! b$s1 ! temp]ature %\ld n g above #gj ,f4 be=e v5tilation is giv52 on ! o!r h&1 if ! frames are fill$ ) cucumb]s1 eggplant1 or pepp]s1 ! temp]ature may run #h or #aj degrees high]4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t any cov]+1 :e!r clo? or sa%1 w exclude a "p ( ! light1 & e precaution is necess>y to prev5t ! plants becom+ drawn4 ,! safe/ plan is to keep ! temp]ature a trifle l[ & ?us reta9 ! plants 9 a /rong1 ?rifty condition4 ,:]e t5d] plants are be+ gr[n "u clo? !re is great] dang] ( injury f keep+ !m cov]$ too tightly ?an f exposure to mod]ate cold4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%[+ ,,vegetables ,,gr[+ ,,9 ,,hotb$ ,,v5tilation4 ,op5-,air4--,9 ! c>e ( clo?-cov]$ frames ! cov]s are left (f dur+ bright wea!r & ! plants subject$ to op5-air conditions4 ,:5 !re is dang] ( cold ! cov]s are put on at night1 & dur+ unfavorable wea!r !y are frequ5tly left on dur+ ! day4 ,:ile ! clo? cov]s cons]ve ! heat1 !y at ! same "t exclude ! sunlight1 & if !y are kept on too great a portion ( ! "t ! crops w become drawn & sp9dl+4 ,) sa%-cov]$ frames ! matt] ( v5tilation is ( prime importance4 ,! glass admits & holds ! heat ( ! sun's rays1 & dur+ bright wea!r x is necess>y to op5 ! frames q e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,v5tilation is accompli%$ by propp+ up "o end or "o side ( ! sa% on a not*$ /ick4 ,! rule to be foll[$ is to v5tilate on ! side away f ! w9d1 s t ! w9d w bl[ ov] ! op5+ & n into ! b$4 ,protection ( ,frames4--,! area occupi$ by ! frames is (t5 surr\nd$ by a high bo>d f5ce or a h$ge ( ev]gre5s to break ! =ce ( ! w9d4 ,if a l>ge area is devot$ to frames x is sometimes subdivid$ by num]\s cross f5ces to break up air curr5ts & less5 ! =ce ( /orms4 ,:]e no heat is appli$ to ! frames ! control ov] temp]ature w n be great except 9 ! prev5tion ( too high temp]ature by means ( v5tilation dur+ bright wea!r4 ,9 _m in/ances /raw & burlap mats are kept ready at h& = ?r[+ ov] sa%-cov]$ frames to prev5t loss f freez+1 b ?is w\ld n be practicable on a l>ge scale4 ,sometimes ! glass is cov]$ by %ovel+ "o-half or ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* ( soil ov] x1 b ?is involves consid]able labor & frequ5tly results 9 ! breakage ( a great deal ( glass4 ,x is possible to w>d (f fro/ by ! use ( a numb] ( or*>d heat]s 9 ! frame y>d4 ,^! heat]s burn k]os5e or crude oil & give (f bo? heat & a smudge :i* w prev5t injury f a reasonable degree ( cold4 ,crops ,gr[n 9 ,frames4--,! crops mo/ commonly gr[n 9 frames are lettuce1 radi%es1 cucumb]s1 g>d5 beets1 p>sley1 eggplant1 pepp]s1 & snap beans4 ,! crops gr[n 9 ! sa%-cov]$ frames d n diff] mat]ially f ^? gr[n "u clo?4 ,9 ! spr+1 h[ev]1 _m gr[]s devote _! b$s almo/ entirely to cucumb]s & eggplant in/ead ( to lettuce & radi%es4 ,to ! s\?w>d ! clo? cov]s are suffici5t to protect ! m h>dy crops ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,to ! nor?w>d ! h>dy crops may be gr[n "u sa% 9 midw9t]1 & ^? requir+ m heat are gr[n 9 ! spr+4 ,m>ket+ ,crops ,gr[n 9 ,frames4--,crops gr[n 9 frames are usually sup]ior 9 quality & appe>ance to ^? gr[n 9 ! op5 & %\ld be giv5 m c>e 9 h&l+ & m>ket+4 ,! co/ ( production is some:at high] ?an = outdoor crops1 & x is ess5tial t !y be put up 9 neat packages 9 ord] to br+ ! highe/ m>ket price4 ,! m successful gr[]s give ! "w ( ga!r+1 grad+1 & pack+ ! crop _! close/ p]sonal att5tion & use only clean1 attractive packages = h&l+ & %ipp+4 ,! packages employ$ = h&l+ ! frame products are g5]ally ! same z ^? us$ = m>ket+ outdoor vegetables1 ( ! same k9ds4 ,9 a few in/ances a di/9ctive package has be5 employ$4 ,! use ( special %ipp+ packages t w\ld give ! frame-gr[n produce special recognition on ! m>kets w\ld be a decid$ advantage to ! gr[]4--7,f4 ,b4 #dfj47 ,,soil ,,& ,,f]tiliz]s4 ,! great] portion ( ! "w ) frames is conduct$ on light or s&y loam soils :i* are naturally well dra9$ & adapt$ to int5sive truck+4 ,! orig9al soil is usually employ$1 b :5 necess>y ri* soil is haul$ & plac$ 9 ! b$s4 ,! fir/ ess5tial is good dra9age1 & if ! l& is n naturally well dra9$ x %\ld be til$ or provid$ ) num]\s op5 dit*es to c>ry (f ! wat]4 ,! surface ( ! soil %\ld be grad$ & all depressions fill$ 9 & level$4 ,= be/ results ! l& %\ld be subject$ to two or ?ree ye>s ( prep>ation by manur+ & plant+ to legum9\s crops4 ,! pres5ce ( pl5ty ( organic matt] 9 ! soil is v important1 especially :]e l>ge quantities ( comm]cial f]tiliz]s are to be us$4 ,?is organic matt] may be add$ 9 ! =m ( /able manure1 b m satisfactory results w be obta9$ :]e legum9\s crops are includ$ 9 ! prep>atory treatm5t4 ,= gre5 manure no?+ is bett] ?an c[peas z a summ] crop & crimson clov] z a w9t] crop4 ,! crimson clov] %\ld be turn$ "u ab\t ! "t x comes into full bloom 9 ! spr+1 ! l& plant$ to c[peas1 & ! result+ crop pl[$ "u or m[$ = hay dur+ ! mon? ( ,augu/ 9 ample "t to prep>e ! l& = frame "w dur+ ! autumn4 ,:5 heavy crops ( gre5 manure are turn$ "u x is ess5tial t lime be us$ to improve ! me*anical condition & to sweet5 ! soil2 a dress+ ( #a1jjj p\nds to ! acre %\ld be suffici5t4 ,l>ge quantities ( /able manure are us$ 9 gr[+ crops 9 frames1 sometimes z mu* z #cj to #fj c>tloads to ! acre4 ,! manure is g5]ally spread 9 a broad1 flat pile to compo/ be=e x is appli$ to ! soil on :i* frames are to be locat$4 ,:]e manure is employ$ = heat+ ! b$s x may aft]w>ds be mix$ ) ! soil = ! gr[+ ( subsequ5t crops4 ,p\ltry & %eep manure is excell5t f]tiliz] = frame "w1 b ! quantity obta9able is v small4 ,9 ! application ( natural manures ( all k9ds x is ess5tial t ! manure %\ld be f9e2 t x be :at is t]m$ %ort manure4 ,,wat]+ ,,crops4 ,to insure success 9 ! cultivation ( plants 9 frames x is necess>y to provide "s means ( apply+ wat] to ! soil4 ,occasionally ! supply ( wat] c be obta9$ f ! sy/em ( "s city1 b m (t5 x mu/ be pump$ f a well or /ream & /or$ = use 9 an elevat$ tank4 ,wat]+ is g5]ally done dur+ ! late aft]noon1 b %\ld be complet$ e>ly en\gh to p]mit ! foliage to become reasonably dry be=e clos+ ! frames = ! night4 ,if ! plants are "y & v t5d] x w be important to avoid too great a degree ( moi/ure4 ,s]i\s losses f damp+-(f (t5 result f excessive moi/ure1 especially at night1 :5 evaporation is n s rapid z dur+ ! day4 ,_m g>d5]s make ! mi/ake ( wat]+ too (t5 & n do+ ! "w ?or\ghly4 ,"u ord9>y conditions twice a week w be (t5 en\gh to apply wat]1 & 9 w9t]1 :5 evaporation is at its l[e/ po9t1 once a week w be suffici5t4 ,9 wat]+ ! sa%-cov]$ frames x is necess>y ei!r to remove ! sa% or to prop !m up high en\gh to p]mit work+ "u !m4 ,z a rule ! sa% are tak5 (f e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( a bright day1 ! soil is /irr$1 sometimes a little f]tiliz] is add$1 lat] 9 ! day ! b$ is wat]$1 & t[>d night ! sa% are replac$4 ,,anise4 ,?is is an annual4 ,leaves us$ z a g>ni%4 ,! se$s are ! s\rce ( ,anise oil4 ,?is plant gr[s well & gives a good yield ( se$4 ,se$s %\ld be soak$ ov] night 9 w>m wat] & s[n ?ickly4--7,u4 ,idaho #aj47 ,,arti*oke1 ,,globe4 ,?is plant requires a deep1 ri* s&y loam1 ) a lib]al supply ( well-rott$ manure1 is be/ suit$ = gr[+ arti*okes4 ,plant ! se$s z soon z ! soil is w>m 9 ! spr+1 & :5 ! plants h =m$ ?ree or f\r leaves !y may be transplant$ to r[s #c feet ap>t & #b feet ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! plants d n produce until ! second season1 & 9 cold localities "s =m ( cov]+ w be necess>y dur+ ! w9t]4 ,?is crop is n suit$ = cultivation nor? ( ! l9e ( z]o temp]ature4 ,aft] ! b$ is once e/abli%$ ! plants may be reset ea* ye> by us+ ! side %oots f ! base ( ! old plants4 ,if n reset ! b$ w cont9ue to produce = sev]al ye>s1 b ! burs w n be s l>ge z f new plants4 ,! bur1 or fl[] bud1 is ! "p us$1 & ! burs %\ld be ga!r$ be=e ! blossom "p appe>s4 ,if !y are remov$ & no se$ is all[$ to =m1 ! plants w cont9ue to produce until ! end ( ! season4 ,,arti*oke1 ,,j]usalem4 ,?is useful & productive plant w gr[ 9 any good g>d5 soil1 & %\ld be plant$ ?ree to f\r feet ap>t ea* way1 ) ?ree or f\r small tub]s 9 a hill4 ,if l>ge tub]s are us$ = plant+ !y %\ld be cut ! same z ,iri% potatoes4 ,plant z soon z ! gr\nd becomes w>m 9 ! spr+ & cultivate z = corn4 ,a p9t ( tub]s cut to eyes w plant ab\t ?irty hills4 ,! tub]s w be ready = use 9 ,octob]1 b may rema9 9 ! gr\nd & be dug at any "t dur+ ! w9t]4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,u4 ,idaho #aj47 ,,asp>agus4 ,?is valuable plant 0 =m]ly a luxury on ! tables ( ! ri*1 b is n[ dur+ ! season a vegetable se5 daily ^u ! tables ( p ( mod]ate or ev5 small incomes4 ,x is also frequ5tly recomm5d$ z an article ( diet = ! sick & convalesc5t4 ,to ! asp>agus gr[] !re are two me?ods by :i* plants c be secur$1 7#a7 by pur*as+ or sav+ ! se$ f :i* to raise !m1 & 7#b7 by pur*as+ ! plants f ei!r a se$sman or "s gr[]4 ,tak+ ! second me?od1 z be+ ! quicke/ way to />t a b$ z well z ! mo/ easily dispos$ (1 x is sugge/$ t roots ov] two ye>s old be reject$1 & only "o-ye>-old roots select$ if a suffici5t numb] c be secur$1 z ! latt] are mu* bett] & w 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s produce m & l>g] spe>s to ! plant & yield pr(itable crops = a long] p]iod4 ,x is be/ to deal ) reliable firms2 !y w be m likely to supply plants ( bo? ! k9d & age desir$4 ,se$4--,only reliable se$sm5 %\ld be tru/$1 or ! se$ %\ld be procur$ f "s neighbor :o has ! desir$ v>iety & has tak5 prop] c>e 9 produc+ & sav+ ! se$1 if ! fir/ plan is to be foll[$4 ,if "o already has an asp>agus b$ ( ! desir$ sort1 produc+ f9e spe>s1 & ( ! prop] age 7#h to #ab ye>s old7 = se$ production1 x is always be/ to save se$ f x = new plant+s4 ,! gr[+ ( "o's own plants is pref]able1 bo? because ( ! extra ye> int]v5+ betwe5 ! det]m9ation to plant & ! actual sett+ out ( ! b$1 !reby p]mitt+ ! soil ( ! propos$ b$ to be put 9 a bett] & m friable condition1 & because1 good se$ hav+ be5 secur$ & prop] c>e giv5 to ! "y plants1 a m satisfactory supply ( ! "y roots is obta9$4 ,t !re are objections to gr[+ "o's own se$ is und\bt$ly true1 b !re are also comp5sat+ advantages1 & if prop] c>e is ex]cis$ x w pay ! gr[] to raise 8 own se$ 7f b$s :i* are satisfactory7 ev5 if se$ c be b\ght 9 ! op5 m>ket = mu* less ?an ! tr\ble ( att5d+ to ! home gr[n may co/4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a gr[] is unwill+ or unable to ex]cise ! necess>y c>e 9 ! production ( se$1 he w\ld d mu* bett] n to attempt x1 b dep5d ^u "s reliable deal]1 /udi\sly avoid+ ^? ^: claims to patronage are bas$ ^u *eapness ( /ock4 ,good se$ are wor? good money2 poor se$ %\ld n be accept$ "u any conditions4 ,soil4--,asp>agus w gr[ on mo/ soils1 & w yield l>ge crops ^u /iff soils2 b = ! purpose ( ! gr[] = m>ket1 a light s&y soil ( fair f]tility is mu* to be pref]r$1 bo? because ( ! e>l9ess ) :i* x produces m>ketable spe>s & ! ease ) :i* x is cultivat$4 ,a soil on :i* wat] /&s aft] ra91 or "u :i* ! /&+ subsurface wat] is ne> ! surface1 into :i* ! roots are liable to p5etrate1 is to be avoid$4 ,( c\rse1 su* a soil1 if o!rwise suitable1 c be made fit by a ?or\gh sy/em ( "u dra9age1 s9ce an occasional ov]fl[1 or ev5 a subm]g5ce ( ! b$s = sev]al days1 is n necess>ily injuri\s if ! dra9age1 ei!r natural or artificial1 is good4 ,! soil %\ld be free ( roots1 /ones1 or any tra% t w n readily dis9tegrate or t w int]f]e ) ! gr[? ( ! spe>s4 ,a r /iff b naturally well-dra9$ soil :i* produces e>ly & f9e asp>agus1 not)/&+ ! fact t x is full ( l>ge gravel1 "s ( ! /ones be+ twice ! size ( a man's fi/4 ,%ade4--,fruit or o!r trees or high %rubs mu/ n be all[$ 9 ! asp>agus b$1 because ( ! %ade !y ?r[ ov] ! b$s & because _! roots make heavy drafts ^u ! soil4 ,nor %\ld high trees1 h$ges1 hills1 or build+s be s ne> z to ?r[ a %ad[ ^u ! b$s1 because all ! sun%9e obta9able is ne$$ to br+ ! spe>s quickly to ! surface4 ,! l& %\ld be protect$ f ! nor? or ea/ 7or f ! direction ( ! preval5t w9ds7 & s slope t ! full b5efit ( ! sun%9e w be obta9$ dur+ ! :ole day4 ,fre$om f we$s is v desirable1 ev5 m s ?an great f]tility1 = ! latt] c be produc$ by ! heavy manur+ :i* ! future cultivation w require2 & to ! end t we$s may be few1 x is well t = a ye> or two previ\s to plant+ ! l& %\ld h be5 occupi$ by "s ho$ crop1 su* z potatoes1 beets1 cabbages1 etc4 ,cultivation4--,9 ! late fall or e>ly w9t] ! select$ area1 %\ld be a light s&y loam z describ$ above1 ne$s to be deeply pl[$1 & if ! subsoil is n already ( an op5 & por\s nature1 ?r\gh :i* surface wat] w readily dra9 & ! roots easily p5etrate1 a subsoil pl[ %\ld foll[1 break+ ! soil to ! dep? ( at lea/ #ae in*es4 ,aft] h>r[+ ! field1 a good compo/ ( well-rott$ horse1 c[1 %eep1 or o!r manure %\ld be spread broadca/ & left to ! action ( ! wea!r until z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z ! gr\nd is 9 condition to be work$1 :5 ! manure %\ld be pl[$ 91 ! surface c>efully h>r[$1 & ! soil put 9 a light & friable condition4 ,z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z ! condition ( ! gr\nd w p]mit "w to be done--:5 x is dry en\gh to be> pl[+ & ! soil w break up f9e--r[s %\ld be m>k$ (f #d to #f feet ap>t & op5$ up ) a l>ge pl[1 go+ a suffici5t numb] ( times to make a furr[ f #h to #ab in*es deep4 ,loose soil t ! pl[ does n ?r[ up %\ld be tak5 up ) a %ovel or wide-blad$ hoe4 ,x is 9 ^! furr[s t ! cr[ns are to be set1 ! di/ance to be left betwe5 plants v>y+1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! gr[]1 f #ah in*es to #e feet4 ,plant+4--,r[s %\ld be run nor? & s\?1 s t ! full b5efit ( ! sun%9e w be secur$4 ,if ! r[s run ea/ & we/1 !y w be %ad$ by ! ridges 9 e>ly spr+1 :5 ! sun is l[ 9 ! s\?1 & lat] 9 ! season !y w be completely %ad$ on "o side by ! tall foliage4 ,?is delays spr\t+ 9 ! spr+1 & prev5ts ! be/ developm5t ( ! plants at all times4 ,( c\rse1 any conditions1 su* z ! slope ( ! l&1 etc41 :i* make x inadvisable to run ! r[s nor? & s\? mu/ be consid]$1 b s\!a/ to nor?we/ or nor!a/ to s\?we/ is bett] ?an due ea/ or we/1 or1 9 %ort1 ! natural conditions p]mitt+1 ! c\rse %\ld be z f> f ea/ & we/ z possible4 ,?is is especially important to ^? :o ridge ! r[s to produce :ite asp>agus4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ( ea* ye>1 aft] ! plants are old en\gh to cut1 !re mu/ be a ridge made ov] ! r[s to blan* ! %oots1 if :ite asp>agus is to be cut2 & once ridg+ is n suffici5t1 b aft] ! spe>s beg9 to appe> ! ridges w ne$ r5ew+ e week or t5 days dur+ ! cutt+ season1 z ! ra9s beat !m d[n & ! sun bakes a cru/ ^u ! top4 ,! gr[] ( gre5 asp>agus has ab\t ! same "w1 less ! ridg+ & pl[+ d[n4 ,z x is necess>y to keep d[n all we$s1 "s hoe+ may be necess>y z supplem5t>y to a free use ( ! #a-;horse cultivator4 ,aft] ! cutt+ season1 a cutaway h>r[ run twice diagonally across ! r[s loos5s up ! soil & de/roys a va/ numb] ( we$s )\t injury to ! cr[ns1 al?\gh "s spe>s may be brok5 (f4 ,bru%4--,! bu%es %\ld be cut z soon z ! b]ries are fully color$1 z ! gr[? w be suffici5tly matur$ s t no injury w be done ! roots by remov+ ! tops1 ?us avoid+ a fur!r dra9 ^u ! roots to mature ! se$1 & prev5t+ ! dropp+ ( se$1 foll[$ by ! spr++ up ( innum]able "y asp>agus plants4 ,all bru% %\ld be promptly collect$ & burn$1 t !re may be no lodg+ places = insects & diseases4 ,9 case ! fields 7 n level$1 h>r[$1 & manur$ at ! close ( ! cutt+ season1 n[ is a conv5i5t "t to p]=m ?is "w1 al?\gh if ! soil is r too moi/ x is well to leave ! surface firm1 t ! w9t] ra9s may run (f r ?an p5etrate to ! already too damp subsoil ar\nd ! roots4 ,manur+4--,9 no?+ relat+ to asp>agus has !re be5 a great] *ange ?an 9 ! practice ( manur+4 ,=m]ly x 0 ?\ght necess>y to place l>ge quantities ( manure 9 ! bottom ( ! deep tr5*es 9 :i* ! "y plants 7 set out 9 ord] t suffici5t f]tility might be pres5t = sev]al ye>s = ! roots1 z aft] ! plants 7 once plant$ !re w\ld be no fur!r opportunity to apply ! manure 9 su* an advantage\s place2 x 0 also consid]$ necess>y to use mu* manure e autumn to bank ! b$s 9 ord] t ! cr[ns %\ld n be injur$ by ! w9t]'s fro/4 ,^! applications1 especially t giv5 prior to plant+ ! "y cr[ns1 made ! outlay s great1 & t = s _m ye>s be=e any return w\ld be receiv$ f ! b$1 t only small plant+s 7 possible to ^? :o 7 )\t consid]able capital4 ,al?\gh asp>agus is /ill heavily manur$1 ! am\nt n[ us$ is mu* less ?an 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be necess>y1 only ab\t d\ble ! quantity ord9>ily us$ ^u root crops1 su* z potatoes1 beets1 etc4 ,x is n a good practice to put manure 9 ! bottom ( ! tr5*es or furr[s :5 sett+ out ! cr[ns1 because x is demon/rat$ to be r a wa/e ( manure ?an o!rwise1 & besides ! roots ( asp>agus ?rive bett] :5 re/+ ^u a m compact soil2 nor is x necess>y t ! soil %\ld conta9 great am\nts ( humus or be 9 an extremely f]tile condition :5 ! plants are fir/ put out1 s9ce by ! pres5t sy/em ( top dress+ a mod]ately f]tile soil soon becomes exce$+ly ri* & equal to ! dem&s :i* ! plants make ^u x4 ,consid]able improvem5t is produc$ 9 ! me*anical condition ( ! soil by ! use ( /able manure ^u b$s4 ,by ! addition ( humus1 por\s s&y soil is made some:at m b9d+ & its ability to take up & reta9 moi/ure !reby increas$2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 cold1 heavy soils are made w>m] & m por\s4 ,all organic manures are suitable = use on ! b$s2 b c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ! use ( any ( ^! le/ !y be too hot & injure ! plants1 especially if appli$ directly to ! roots & imm$iately ov] ! cr[ns4 ,:]e ! "y %oots come up ?r\gh x1 fre%1 hot manure is likely to produce ru/ or to r5d] ! %oots unsightly & ?us injure _! sale4 ,especially is ?is true 9 light1 s&y soils4 ,! "t ( apply+ manure on b$s1 & ! position :]e x %\ld be plac$1 are ( "s importance4 ,9 ! use ( /able manure1 bo? writ]s ^u ! subject & gr[]s actually engag$ 9 produc+ asp>agus = ! m>ket almo/ unanim\sly /ate t 9 ! autumn1 aft] ! /alks h matur$ & h be5 cut1 manure %\ld be appli$ on top ( ! r[s4 ,"s give ! caution n to put x j ov] ! cr[ns1 le/ ! %oots next spr+ be injur$ by contact ) x4 ,?is plan ( top dress+ b$s dur+ ! autumn or e>ly w9t] is gradually giv+ way to ! m rational mode ( top dress+ 9 ! spr+ & summ]4 ,x 0 believ$ t autumn dress+ /r5g!n$ ! roots & enabl$ !m to ?r[ up /rong] %oots dur+ ! foll[+ spr+4 ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,x is dur+ ! gr[? ( ! /alks aft] ! cutt+ season is ov] t ! cr[ns =m ! buds f :i* ! spe>s ( next season spr+1 & x is probable t x is pr9cipally dur+ ?is p]iod t ! roots assimilate & /ore up ! mat]ial :i* produce ^! spe>s4 ,?is be+ true1 ! plant food add$ to ! soil & becom+ available aft] ! cessation ( vegetation 9 ! autumn c h little1 if any1 effect ^u ! spe>s :i* are cut = m>ket ! foll[+ spr+2 x fir/ becomes ( use to ! plant aft] ! crop has be5 cut & ! /alks are all[$ to gr[4 ,9 ! use ( hot1 or fre%1 manure x may be t ! w9t] season is none too long to p]mit ! f]tiliz+ elem5ts to become available & well di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! soil1 b if well-rott$ manure is us$ !re is dang] ( ! f]tility be+ lea*$ out ( ! soils by ! ra9s & melt$ sn[s ( w9t]4 ,^? gr[]s :o apply a lib]al dress+ ( /able manure or f]tiliz] imm$iately aft] ! cutt+ season supply ! requir$ n\ri%m5t to ! plants at ! "t !y mo/ ne$ x & c mo/ pr(itably utilize x 9 ! production ( spe>s4 ,manure ?us appli$ w also act z a mul*1 prev5t+ ! gr[? ( we$s1 keep+ ! soil light & cool1 & pres]v+ ! moi/ure intact4 ,x %\ld n be made on top ( ! r[4 ,?is sugge/ion ! writ] wi%es to emphasize4 ,manur+ 9 ,novemb] 9 _m cases does m h>m ?an good1 z ! mass ( manure causes _m roots to decay1 & ^? :i* d survive are weak & only produce small spe>s4 ,x w\ld be mu* bett] to rely ^u lib]al supplies ( food ?r\gh ! gr[+ season ?an to give manure :5 ! bu%es are cut1 z at ! =m] p]iod ! roots c m readily absorb ! food giv54 ,by fe$+ 9 spr+ & summ] ! cr[ns are built up = ! next season's supply ( grass4 ,! roots ( ! asp>agus are p]haps always active1 b mu* less s 9 w9t] ?an at any o!r season1 & !y w obta9 z mu* nutrim5t f ! soil z !y c !n use4 ,if heavily cov]$ ) manure sun%9e is exclud$1 gr[? is *eck$1 & ! roots h to fight h>d = exi/5ce at a "t :5 !y are none too /rong4 ,9 ! culture ( gre5 spe>s ! manure is be/ utiliz$ by broadca/+1 ?is application to be foll[$ by a ?or\gh h>r[+ ( ! field4 ,:5 :ite asp>agus has be5 cut1 ei!r manur+ 9 ! tr5* betwe5 ! ridges be=e di/urb+ !m or h>r[+ d[n ! ridges & !n manur+ broadca/ is p]haps ! mo/ rational way4 ,z betwe5 manur+ 9 ! r[ & betwe5 ! r[s1 ! latt] %\ld be select$ z ! evid5tly advisable "o by :i* ! fe$+ roots ( ! plants are mo/ easily rea*$4 ,plac+ ! manure 9 ! r[ only rea*es ^? fe$+ roots :i* are to be f\nd ab\t midway betwe5 ! cr[ns1 z j ar\nd ! cr[ns are no?+ b /orage roots1 besides x is n desirable to place manure too close to ! cr[ns1 b manur+ betwe5 ! r[s puts ! manure "r :]e ! summ] ra9s c c>ry ! f]tility directly d[n into ! 7z x 77 op5 m\?s ( ! fe$+ roots4 ,gre5 ,crop4--,if gre5 asp>agus is desir$1 ! /alks ne$ be cut only s f> b5ea? ! surface z to furni% a #i or #aj in* spe>1 ! major "p ( :i*1 say #f in*es or m1 w be gre51 & ( c\rse above gr\nd4 ,if :ite asp>agus is s\ght =1 ! r[s w h be5 ridg$ f #aj to #ae in*es above ! cr[ns1 & ! spe>s mu/ be cut z soon z !y %[ at1 & be=e !y peep above1 ! surface4 ,?is means cutt+ #i or #aj in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,to accompli% ?is1 long *isel-l knives ( v>i\s %apes are us$4 ,cutt+ %\ld be done at lea/ e day1 & :5 vegetation is rapid twice ea* day w be necess>y = :ite asp>agus1 & is (t5 desirable :5 ! gre5 sort is be+ cut4 ,h>ve/+ & ,m>ket+4--,asp>agus is "o ( ! e>lie/ vegetables1 especially if ! roots are ne> to ! surface or ! soil above !m has be5 tempor>ily remov$ s t ! rays ( ! sun c easily p5etrate to !m4 ,"s v>ieties are e>li] ?an o!rs1 & ?is diff]5ce 9 "t ( appe>ance v>ies f a day or two to sev]al weeks4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,e>ly ,arg5teuil is ab\t t5 days e>li] ?an ! ord9>y asp>agus gr[n 9 ! same locality1 & ! ,late ,arg5teuil at lea/ t5 days lat]2 s t !re w\ld be ne>ly ?ree weeks betwe5 ! ,e>ly & ,late ,arg5teuil4 ,among ! ord9>y v>ieties1 h[ev]1 !re is only a %ort p]iod betwe5 ! e>lie/ & ! late/4--7,f4 ,b4 #fa1 #bee2 ,u4 ,cal4 #afe2 ,u4 ,mo4 #dc2 ,u4 ,kans4 #gj2 ,u4 ,miss4 #aije47 ,,beans4 ,k9ds4--,= conv5i5ce 9 ref]5ce & = discussion1 beans may be divid$ into two g5]al gr\ps--field & g>d5 beans--:i* are by no means di/9ctly sep>ate ei!r 9 appe>ance or 9 *>act]i/ics4 ,ea* ( ^! gr\ps c aga9 be divid$ into bu% & pole beans4 ,bu% beans ( ! field type are recogniz$1 = comm]cial purposes1 "u ?ree well-m>k$ types1 kn[n z ,kidney1 ,m>r[1 & ,pea beans1 ea* ( :i* may be subdivid$ into two gr\ps1 color$ & :ite4 ,! g>d5 beans1 l ! field beans1 may be divid$ into bu% & pole types2 ^! aga9 into ,kidneys & ,limas1 ! t]m ,kidney 9 ?is case includ+ all ( ! common g>d5 beans :e!r ( "o type or ano!r1 & ?is gr\p may aga9 be divid$ into wax & gre5 pod4 ,! same subdivision may also be record$ "u pole beans1 z is sugge/$ 9 ! foll[+ classification3 ,kidney44444444444,color$4 ,:ite4 ,bu%44444,m>r[44444444444,color$4 ,:ite4 ,field beans444444444 ,pea44444444444444,color$4 ,:ite4 ,pole or corn hill4 ,:ite or color$4 ,kidney4444444444,wax4 ,bu%444444,lima ,gre5 pod4 ,g>d5 beans44444444 ,kidney4444444444,wax4 ,pole444444,lima ,gre5 ,pod4 ,runn] 7,sc>let ,runn]74 ,soil4--,:ile clay loams or soils ov]ly+ lime/one are mo/ desirable1 s&y & ev5 gravelly loams may be us$1 b ^! latt] soils %\ld conta9 m or less humus & ! gravelly soil %\ld n be too co>se4 ,beans may be gr[n on heavy clay soils b ! surface or und]gr\nd dra9age1 or bo?1 mu/ be good & special att5tion mu/ also be giv5 cultural me?ods to produce a f9e1 mell[ se$ b$4 ,muck soils or ^? ) a sup]abundance ( humus are n suitable z !y t5d to produce v9es at ! exp5se ( ! se$4 ,x is also true t ?is crop w n ?rive on l[1 wet1 poorly dra9$ soils4 ,beans seem to produce good crops on soils some:at defici5t 9 nitrog5 :5 well suppli$ ) pota% & phosphorus4 ,contr>y to a some:at preval5t notion1 beans w n produce well on v poor soils1 b require a fair degree ( f]tility4 ,se$4--,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! selection ( beans = se$4 ,none b ! be/ h&-pick$ beans %\ld be us$ = plant+1 z ! success ( ! crop is q l>gely dep5d5t on ! vitality ( ! se$4 ,til?4--,s9ce ! bean is a w>m-season crop & c n safely be plant$ until aft] dang] f kill+ fro/ has pass$1 ! prep>ation ( ! soil = field beans %\ld be def]r$ until ! vegetation cov]+ ! area has made consid]able gr[?1 s t x may be z completely de/roy$ z possible dur+ ! op]ations ( pl[+1 h>r[+1 & fitt+ ! l& = ! reception ( ! se$4 ,! %ort-season "* ( ! bean crop enables ! l& to be occupi$ dur+ ! w9t] mon?s by "s cov] crop1 su* z :eat or rye1 & if ! same l& is us$ ye> aft] ye> = ! production ( beans1 ! turn+ "u ( w9t] cov] crops furni%es an important means by :i* ! /ore ( organic matt] 9 ! soil c be ma9ta9$1 a consid]ation ( great mom5t 9 sections *iefly dep5d5t ^u comm]cial f]tiliz]s z a s\rce = available plant food4 ,aft] ! l& has atta9$ prop] dryness 9 ! spr+ x %\ld be pl[$ f #f to #h in*es 9 dep?1 & imm$iately compact$ & h>r[$1 s z to prev5t ! loss ( moi/ure4 ,! surface ( ! se$ b$ %\ld be made smoo? & f9e1 s t ! drill or plant] c be economically us$ ^u x4 ,if dry wea!r foll[s at ?is season ( ! ye>1 a good practice is1 imm$iately prec$+ ! plant+ ( ! crop1 to run a heavy l& roll] ov] ! area1 p>ticul>ly if ! plant+ is done ) an ord9>y gra9 drill4 ,if ! plant+ is done ) a plant] simil> to ! ord9>y corn plant] & ! l& has be5 roll$ previ\sly1 x is advisable to g ov] x ) a spike-too? h>r[ or "s o!r type ( smoo?+ h>r[ aft] ! crop has be5 plant$1 9 ord] t ! l& may n possess a compact$ condition f ! sub/ratum to ! surface4 ,plant+4--,gr[]s h f\nd t x is bett] to po/pone plant+ ! crop until z late 9 ! season z is practicable & yet be able to safely h>ve/ ! crop be=e ! v9es are injur$ by fall fro/4 ,! late plant$ crop has ! advantage ( escap+ ! mo/ s]i\s attacks ( ! bean ru/4 ,:ile !re are und\bt$ly v>ieties :i* are m or less resi/ant to ?is tr\ble1 yet ! g5]al practice ( late plant+ has be5 f\nd to be ( decid$ advantage4 ,9 plant+ ! field crop ! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s v>ies f #bh to #cf in*es1 accord+ to ! implem5ts us$ 9 h>ve/+ ! crop1 #cj in*es be+ a v satisfactory & n an unusual di/ance = plac+ ! r[s4 ,! se$s are s scatt]$ z to fall f #b to #d in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! ideal di/ance w\ld be und\bt$ly #f in*es1 if x 7 possible to obta9 a p]fect /& ( plants at ?is di/ance4 ,= di/ribut+ ! se$ 9 ! r[ at ^! di/ances a bean plant] or a *eck r[ corn plant] may be set to drop ! se$s 9 drills4 ,a common practice is to use an ord9>y gra9 drill & /op a suffici5t numb] ( tubes to enable two or ?ree r[s ( beans to be plant$ at ! prop] di/ance ap>t )\t ! necessity ( pur*as+ a special implem5t4 ,quantity ( ,se$4--,! quantity requir$ to plant an acre ( beans v>ies ) ! size ( ! beans2 t is1 a half-bu%el ( small ,pea beans is suffici5t to plant an acre ( gr\nd1 :ile a bu%el ( ,r$ ,kidney beans is h>dly suffici5t to plant an acre :5 ! se$ is di/ribut$ 9 ! ord9>y fa%ion 9 drills r ?an 9 hills4 ,9 plant+ beans ( ! ,pea & ,m>r[ types ! quantity ( se$ v>ies f "o-half to a bu%el p] acre1 dep5d+ ^u ! quality ( ! beans & ^u ! pref]5ces ( ! plant]4 ,= ,kidney beans ! quantity v>ies f a bu%el to z mu* z six pecks p] acre4 ,ord9>ily1 ) r[s #cj in*es ap>t1 a bu%el is a suffici5t quantity = se$+ an acre4 ,dep? ( ,plant+4--,! dep? at :i* beans %\ld be plant$ is det]m9$ by ! "* ( ! soil & ! season ( ! ye> at :i* !y are plant$4 ,9 heavy1 ret5tive soils plant+ %\ld be made comp>atively %all[1 z ! peculi> habit ( gr[? ( ! bean is su* t x c n readily rea* ! surface if plant$ deep 9 su* soils4 ,^u light soils & e>ly 9 ! season1 plant+ c be made q deep4 ,?ree in*es is n too deep ^u su* soils1 b an in* & a half or #b in*es is ! maximum dep? = plant+ ^u ret5tive soils4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 a satisfactory dep? = plant+ beans is ab\t #a-a_/b in*es4 ,cultivation4--,l all o!r hoe crops field beans require frequ5t1 %all[ cultivation4 ,! /irr+ ( ! soil = ! purpose ( hold+ ! we$s 9 *eck & pres]v+ a soil mul* ov] ! area occupi$ by ! gr[+ crop1 is ! important factor to be consid]$ 9 culture4 ,at ! la/ cultivation ! plants may be slightly hill$2 t is1 ! soil may be ?r[n t[>d ! plants ) small w+s4 ,?is has ! advantage ( leav+ ! plants on a slight ridge1 :i* facilitates ! "w ( h>ve/+ :5 su* "w is done by me*anical means4 ,9 ! cultivation ( beans x is traditional t !y %\ld n be cultivat$ :5 ! dew is on ! v9es4 ,?is und\bt$ly has a slight f\ndation = ! reason t moi/ure is a conveyor ( spores ( disease & might h a t5d5cy to di/ribute !m m widely ?an w\ld be ! case if moi/ure 7 all[$ to dry (f ! leaves )\t be+ di/urb$4 ,h>ve/+4--,= _m ye>s ! h&l+ ( hoe crops1 su* z field beans1 ^u an ext5sive scale 0 impossible because ( ! great am\nt ( h& labor necess>y to ga!r ! crop4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s1 h[ev]1 labor-sav+ devices h be5 inv5t$ s t n[ ! once labori\s practice ( h&-pull+ individual plants c be done away ) by ! use ( a bean h>ve/]4 ,aft] ! plants are ?r[n toge!r by ! h>ve/] x is cu/om>y = m5 ) ord9>y pit*=ks1 ei!r #b or #c t9$1 to foll[ ! h>ve/] & place ! beans 9 small heaps to cure = sev]al days be=e /or+ !m 9 b>ns or %$s = ?ra%+4 ,9 "s in/ances1 :]e ! "w is done ^u a v ext5sive scale & :]e ! loss f %ell+ is n consid]$ suffici5t to ju/ify ! employm5t ( h& labor = bun*+ ! beans ) =ks1 an ord9>y hors]ake is employ$ = ! purpose4 ,:]e ! beans are to rema9 = a long] p]iod & to become m ?or\ghly cur$ 9 ! field & :]e ! "w ( h>ve/+ is done entirely by h&1 ! crop is frequ5tly plac$ 9 %ocks :i* are built ab\t a pole #d or #e feet 9 height1 bo? ends ( :i* h be5 %>p5$ & "o end firmly plac$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,a small quantity ( /raw1 grass1 or o!r mat]ial is plac$ ar\nd ! base ( ! /ake1 & ! beans z !y are pull$ are pil$ ar\nd ! pole until a compact m9iature /ack ab\t #d or #e feet high is =m$4 ,! cur+ process 9 any case is c>ri$ f> en\gh to prev5t ! v9es mold+ aft] /or+ !m 9 ! b>n prior to ?ra%+4 ,if ! v9es are ?or\ghly rip5$ 9 ! field be=e h>ve/+1 !y c be /or$ 9 f two to ?ree days if ! wea!r is satisfactory4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! v9es h "s gre5 leaves ^u !m & ! pods are n ?or\ghly dry1 ! p]iod = cur+ 9 ! field is ( necessity mu* long] ?an ) ?or\ghly rip5$ plants4 ,/orage4--,aft] ! crop has be5 prop]ly cur$ 9 ! field x is cu/om>y to /ore ! beans 9 b>n l(ts or 9 %$s until ! wea!r has become q cool be=e ! "w ( ?ra%+ is done4 ,9 "s in/ances1 h[ev]1 if ! beans are ?or\ghly field cur$ !y may be ?ra%$ 9 ! field2 b ord9>ily1 9 ^? regions :]e beans are ext5sively gr[n1 wea!r conditions w n p]mit ( _! be+ cur$ & left 9 ! field a suffici5t p]iod to enable ! entire "w ( h>ve/+ & ?ra%+ to be c>ri$ on 9 ! op54 ,c>e ,necess>y4--,all op]ations connect$ ) ! h>ve/+ & field managem5t ( beans %\ld be done z c>efully z possible1 9 ord] to avoid injury to ! plants :ile 9 ! gr[+ condition & to prev5t %ell+ ! beans aft] !y h rip5$4 ,mo/ v>ieties ( beans %ell m or less easily aft] ! pods h become ?or\ghly matur$4 ,mo/ ext5sive gr[]s ( beans consid] ! loss by %ell+ result+ f ! use ( labor-sav+ ma*9]y ( less money value ?an ! add$ co/ ( c>ry+ on all op]ations by h& 9 ! mo/ c>eful way4 ,9 o!r words1 ! loss f ! use ( labor-sav+ ma*9]y is n suffici5t to ju/ify ! return to h& labor 9 ! c>e & managem5t ( ! crop4 ,?re%+4--,beans are n[ ?re%$ by a special ma*9e or bean] :i* has be5 in/rum5tal 9 mat]ially increas+ ! acreage ( beans gr[n4 ,^! ma*9es are usually introduc$ into localities :]e beans are gr[n comm]cially & (f]$ = hire on a plan simil> to t us$ by gra9 ?re%]s4 ,clean+ & ,grad+4--,:ile ! f>m op]ations 9 connection ) ! prep>ation ( field beans = m>ket usually cease ) ! ?ra%+ ( ! crop1 ! clean+ & grad+ ( ! product is a v important item & requires mu* h& "w4 ,besides ! removal ( /icks & /raws f ! gra9 by ! use ( ! fan1 ! beans are pass$ ?r\gh a ma*9e :i* is provid$ ) a broad1 sl[-mov+ belt plac$ at su* an angle t split beans & peas1 dirt1 & /ones :i* are n remov$ by ! fan adh]e to ! belt & are ?r[n out1 :ile ! smoo?1 p]fect se$s fall back into ano!r receptacle & are ?us sep>at$ f ! dirt & brok5 se$s4 ,aft] ?is ! beans are usually subject$ to a ?ird op]ation1 :i* consi/s 9 remov+ by h& all brok5 & discolor$ se$s1 z well z =eign matt]1 :i* 7 n remov$ 9 ! o!r op]ations4 ,g>d5 ,beans4--,! type z well z ! v>iety ( g>d5 bean to be gr[n is det]m9$ by ! purpose = :i* x is to be us$4 ,if x is to be us$ z a snap or /r+ bean = e>ly m>ket1 quick-matur+ gre5 or wax-podd$ v>ieties are select$4 ,if = cann+ purposes1 a diff]5t v>iety is select$1 :i* may h ei!r gre5 or wax pods1 :ile z a rule gre5 beans :i* are requir$ late 9 ! season = table use belong to ! pole type4 ,= e>ly beans1 h[ev]1 ! bu% type is ! "o mo/ commonly us$4 ,f]tiliz]s4--,:ile beans are quick-gr[+ & e>ly-matur+ plants requir+ an abundance ( available plant food 9 ! soil1 yet1 because ( _! family relations1 be+ legumes1 !y make ! soil bett] = hav+ be5 gr[n ^u x4 ,!y are nitrog5-ga!r+ plants1 & = ?is reason require only a small p]c5tage ( ?is elem5t 9 any f]tiliz] us$ ^u !m4 ,:ile heavy applications ( f]tiliz]s conta9+ nitrog51 phosphoric acid1 & pota% are us$ by truck gr[]s 9 ! production ( beans1 z a rule su* f]tiliz]s %\ld be relatively ri*] 9 phosphoric acid & pota% ?an 9 nitrog54 ,! production ( g>d5 beans = snap or /r+ beans1 h[ev]1 dem&s a l>g] p]c5tage ( imm$iately available nitrog5 ?an does ! production ( field beans = ! dry gra91 z 9 ! =m] case ! crop occupies ! l& a %ort] "t & !re=e gives x less opportunity to provide itself ) a supply ( nitrog5 f ! atmosph]e4 ,! f]tiliz]1 if us$ 9 ! =m ( comm]cial f]tiliz]1 may be di/ribut$ broadca/ ov] ! area occupi$ by ! crop ) a gra9 drill or a f]tiliz] di/ribut]1 or x may be scatt]$ along ! r[ at ! "t ! se$s are s[n by "o ( ! _m types ( se$ drill hav+ a f]tiliz] atta*m5t4 ,plant+4--,g>d5 beans1 l field beans1 may be plant$ ei!r 9 hills or 9 drills4 ,! cu/om>y practice1 h[ev]1 is to plant ! se$s 9 drills s t !y %all fall #b or #d in*es ap>t 9 r[s f> en\gh ap>t to admit ( cultivation ) ei!r "o or two horse implem5ts4 ,because ( _! peculi> habit ( g]m9ation--! elongation ( ! "p betwe5 ! root & ! se$ leaves1 call$ ! hypocotyl--! se$ leaves or cotyl$ons are lift$ out ( ! soil4 ,a l>ge exp5diture ( en]gy on ! "p ( ! plant is necess>y to accompli% ?is1 & ! m compact$ ! soil & ! deep] ! se$ is plant$ ! m "t & en]gy are requir$ 9 accompli%+ ?is result4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ! %all[] ! beans c be plant$ )\t ret>d+ satisfactory g]m9ation1 ! bett]4 ,^u ?or\ghly f9e & compact$ soils ! se$s are plant$ f #a-a_/b to #b in*es deep4 ,%all[] plant+ does n z a rule give z satisfactory g]m9ation z plant+ )9 ! range above m5tion$4 ,:ile g>d5 beans are plant$ 9 ext5sive areas1 !y are1 nev]!less1 frequ5tly us$ z a cat* crop betwe5 o!r plants1 su* z squa%es & cucumb]s4 ,! bean1 be+ a quick-gr[+ plant1 matures its crop & is out ( ! way be=e ! entire area is dem&$ by ! companion crop4 ,h>ve/+4--,f ! nature ( ! product ! h>ve/+ ( g>d5 beans = use z /r+ or snap beans mu/ necess>ily be done by h&4 ,_! ext5sive culture is !re=e re/rict$ to areas 9 :i* an abundant labor supply :i* c be comm&$ at %ort notice is available4 ,aft] ! beans are pick$ !y are c>ri$ to a conv5i5t sort+ table1 ei!r 9 ! op5 or "u %elt]1 :]e !y are look$ ov]1 all diseas$ & brok5 beans reject$1 & ! baskets uni=mly fill$ & %ak5 d[n prep>atory to cov]+ !m = %ipm5t4 ,,lima ,,beans4 ,"u ! "n ( ,lima beans two di/9ct types are n[ recogniz$3 ,pole ,limas & dw>f1 or bu%1 ,limas4 ,lima beans are ( v great comm]cial value1 b are n suffici5tly appreciat$ z a table food because x is n g5]ally kn[n t 9 a dry /ate !y c be us$ 9 practically ! same mann] z are ! common beans4 ,9 reality !y are ri*] & m delicate 9 flavor ?an ! common beans1 & c be us$ 9 z _m diff]5t ways4 ,! virtues ( ^! types z gre5 beans ne$ only a pass+ m5tion1 & _! value z an accompanim5t ( corn 9 succota% is well kn[n to e consum] ( cann$ goods4 ,plant+4--,! common me?od ( h&l+ ! ,lima bean 9 ! climate ( ! nor!rn ti] ( ,/ates1 outside ( ! irrigat$ belt1 is to plant f ?ree to five beans 9 hills #ah to #cf in*es ap>t1 ) ! r[s #c-a_/b to #d feet ap>t1 & aft] all dang] f cold & f insect enemies is pa/ ! beans are ?9n$ to ab\t ?ree plants to ! hill4 ,z ! beans are exce$+ly t5d]1 x is necess>y to delay plant+ 9 ! op5 until ab\t a week or t5 days aft] ! "t = plant+ ! common g>d5 beans4 ,aft] ! second cultivation1 :5 ! t5d5cy to climb has manife/$ itself1 ! plantation is suppli$ ) poles f #e to #f feet high1 or ) a trellis runn+ f end to end ( ! r[1 :i* may be made by /ret*+ two or ?ree wires l5g?wise ( ! r[ & weav+ betwe5 !m /r&s ( ord9>y wool tw9e4 ,if ! trellis is employ$ ! beans c be plant$ 9 practically cont9u\s r[s1 s t !y /& ab\t a foot ap>t4 ,t[>d ! nor!rn limit = cultivat+ ?is crop1 "o is =tunate if "o-half to two-?irds ( ! pods :i* set ^u ! plants mature ! se$4 ,f>!r s\? ! crop is proportionally heavi]4 ,9 ,cali=nia & 9 o!r irrigat$ regions :]e !re are well-m>k$ wet & dry seasons1 ! dry season1 accompani$ by heavy fogs1 occurr+ dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 x is possible to cultivate ,lima beans some:at z foll[s3 ,^u mod]ately ri*1 some:at s&y valley l&1 cultivation c be c>ri$ out by plant+ ! beans z soon z all dang] f ra9s has ceas$ & ! plantation w rema9 dry except = irrigation4 ,if !re has n be5 suffici5t w9t] ra9 to ?or\ghly moi/5 ! l& x %\ld be well wat]$ & all[$ to dry to a good cultural condition be=e plant+4 ,se$ c !n be plant$ 9 hills ab\t #c-a_/b or #d feet ap>t ea* way1 or 9 drills1 ! beans scatt]$ ab\t a foot ap>t 9 r[s #d feet ap>t4 ,aft] ! beans h g]m9at$ x may be necess>y to cultivate !m once or twice ) a sweep ( "s type1 to de/roy any we$s :i* may h sprung up f ! moi/ gr\nd4 ,all moi/ure %\ld be )held & a du/ mul* ov] ! surface pres]v$ by runn+ a sweep ov] ! plantation once or twice m1 & !n ! v9es %\ld be all[$ to take possession ( ! t]ritory4 ,?is obviates ! necessity ( us+ poles1 & ! crop c gr[ to maturity "u ^! conditions )\t irrigation1 )\t cultivation1 & )\t poles4 ,at h>ve/ "t a root cutt] is pass$ "u ! l9es ( ! r[s1 sev]+ ! roots ( ! plants1 & aft] ! plants h dri$ & become some:at cur$ !y are ?r[n into conv5i5t heaps = load+ on wagons & are all[$ to rema9 9 ^! heaps until ne> ! approa* ( ! ra9y season4 ,!n !y are c>ri$ to ! ?ra%+ floors1 :]e !y are beat5 out by ! tramp+ ( animals or by driv+ ov] ! heap a device some:at simil> to ! ord9>y cutaway h>r[4 ,! dw>f ,lima beans1 because ( _! habit ( gr[?1 are plant$ & cultivat$ practically ! same z are field beans4 ,!y are slightly h>di] ?an pole ,limas1 & = t reason t[>d ! nor!rn limit ( ! range ( ?is crop c be plant$ some:at e>li] 9 ! season ?an ! pole ,limas4--7,f4 ,b4 #bhi2 ,u4 ,mi*4 #bei2 ,s4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #dg1 #ia2 ,i[a ,e4 ,s4 #dg2 ,miss4 ,e4 ,s4 #aca47 ,,beets4 ,! r$ g>d5 beet may be gr[n 9 any good soil1 b ri*1 s&y loam w give ! be/ results4 ,s[ ! se$s 9 ! spr+ z soon z dang] ( fro/ has pass$4 ,beets %\ld be plant$ 9 drills #ab to #ah in*es ap>t1 & :5 ! plants are well up !y %\ld be ?9n$ to #d or #e in*es 9 ! r[4 ,if desirable to plant 9 r[s #c feet ap>t = horse cultivation1 ! se$s may be s[n 9 a d\ble drill ) #f in*es betwe51 leav+ #cj in*es = cultivation4 ,two ounces ( beet se$ are requir$ to plant #ajj feet ( r[1 or #e p\nds to ! acre4 ,z a rule ea* se$ ball conta9s m ?an "o se$1 & ?is acc\nts = beets com+ up v ?ickly4 ,! se$ %\ld be cov]$ to a dep? ( ab\t #a in*4 ,= a succession ( "y beets dur+ ! summ]1 plant+s %\ld be made e f\r or five weeks dur+ ! spr+ mon?s4 ,beets int5d$ = w9t] /orage %\ld n be s[n until late 9 ! summ]1 ! crop be+ h>ve/$ & /or$ 9 ! same mann] z turnips4 ,sug> beets are (t5 sub/itut$ = ! ord9>y g>d5 beet1 especially = w9t] use4 ,a soil t is well adapt$ to gr[+ ! usual vegetables w be f\nd good = ?is "o4 ,x may be slightly heavi] ?an t = ! crops t are gr[n = _! foliage1 z lettuce4 ,a good cabbage soil w be f\nd ( ab\t ! "r consi/5cy4 ,wet or soggy l& w n raise a crop4 ,pl[ deep & prep>e ! gr\nd well2 ! se$l+s are q small & ne$ consid]able coax+ be=e !y w make a good />t4 ,use pl5ty ( f]tiliz] ( "s well prep>$ k9d4 ,r\gh or undecompos$ mat]ial %\ld n be us$4 ,a spr9kl+ ( p[d]$ nitrate soda z a top dress+ :5 ! plants are "o-?ird gr[n w produce a rapid gr[?4 ,9 apply+1 be c>eful n to apply s z to t\* ! foliage1 unless dur+ a ra94 ,x is n pr(itable to transplant beets2 x may be done on a small scale1 b x is too exp5sive to practice on a l>ge scale4 ,v>ieties4--,accord+ to %ape ( ! root "o may divide beets into two classes1 viz41 ,long ,root$ & ,globul>4 ,if color is made ! basis ( classification y h r$1 :ite & yell[ k9ds4 ,extra ,e>ly ,blood ,turnip1 ,eclipse & ,extra ,e>ly ,egyptian are good v>ieties to gr[ = m>ket4 ,! fir/ nam$ is probably ! be/2 ! la/ nam$ has ! disadvantage ( becom+ /r+y if x matures dur+ a long1 dry spell1 or if all[$ to /& too long4 ,! deep r$ v>ieties are pref]r$ 9 ! m>kets1 & ^? t are turnip %ap$ sell bett] ?an ! long4 ,m>ket+4--,! usual me?od is to use b>rels or l>ge boxes2 ?is is a clumsy way1 & "o n calculat$ to br+ ! be/ price4 ,! usual vegetable crate w be f\nd h&y & desirable4 ,9 di/ricts :]e !re are pickl+ factories1 & ne> l>ge cities1 small beets1 ) gre5s1 are rais$ ) pr(it1 b ^! c n be %ipp$ to a di/ant m>ket4 ,= a di/ant m>ket ga!r tops & all2 c>ry to ! pack+-h\se2 remove ! tops ) a %>p knife1 leav+ ab\t an in* ( ! leaf-/alk on ! beet4 ,remove ! dirt1 & pack 9 vegetable crates4 ,! leaves put 9 a compo/ heap w pay = ! tr\ble ( haul+1 or !y c be f$ to dome/ic animals ) pr(it4 ,! beet itself makes "o ( ! be/ fe$s = mil* c[s1 & is excell5t = o!r dome/ic animals4--7,f4 ,b4 #bbe2 ,n4 ,c4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,fla4 ,e4 ,s4 #ca2 ,u4 ,idaho #aj2 ,n4 ,h4 ,col4 #ii1 #abe2 ,n4 ,j4 ,a4 ,col4 ,rpt4 #aijj47 ,,borage4 ,! leaves are us$ = flavor+4 ,,broccoli4 ,broccoli is simply a v>iety ( caulifl[] t is m commonly gr[n = fall use1 z x is r m h>dy ?an ! true caulifl[]4 ,lee's ,spr\t+ ,broccoli is a bran*+ sort t is e/eem$ 9 "s places4 ,!re is a great deal ( misund]/&+ reg>d+ ! ,caulifl[] & ,broccoli4 ,bo? are ! same 9 _! g5]al make up & gr[?1 bo? produc+ heads 9 ! same mann] & to ! casual obs]v] are tak5 "o = ! o!r4 ,! diff]5ce is t ,caulifl[] is a m t5d] v>iety & !re=e w n /& a v l[ temp]ature4 ,! se$ is s[n 9 e>ly spr+ & w produce heads dur+ ! summ]4 ,! ,broccoli w /& a temp]ature z l[ z #be )\t mu* injury to ! plant4 ,! se$ is s[n 9 ! spr+1 ! plants set out 9 ,june or e>ly "p ( ,july & cont9ue to gr[ until ! spr+ foll[+1 "s v>ieties produc+ heads at int]vals dur+ w9t] & up to z late z ,may4 ,att5tion ne$s to be direct$ dur+ ! w9t] to su* plants z are ab\t to produce heads4 ,^! %\ld h ! out] leaves turn$ ov] ! head to protect x f fro/ to :i* x is v susceptible4 ,! se$ may be s[n & ! plants treat$ 9 e way z = ! cabbage4 ,!y ?rive well 9 a deep1 ri* soil4 ,mu* bett] results w\ld be _h if m att5tion 7 giv5 to ! matt] ( deep cultivation1 t is1 9 deep spad+ or pl[+ ( ! gr\nd4 ,manure t has be5 well compo/$ %\ld be us$ pl5tifully & pl[$ 9 deep4 ,by s do+ ! roots ( ! plants are enc\rag$ to p5etrate deep into ! soil :]e !y c f9d moi/ure z well z food4 ,! %all[ pl[+ 9 ( manure has ! t5d5cy to keep ! fe$+ roots ( plants ne> ! surface & w !re=e soon dry out & turn blue1 & :5 once ! plants are /rick5 ) ! blues no fur!r gr[? w be made & !y might z well be disc>d$4--7,oreg4 ,e4 ,s4 #gd2 ,n4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb47 ,,brussels ,,spr\ts4 ,?is crop is closely relat$ to cabbage & caulifl[]4 ,in/ead ( a s+le head1 ,brussels spr\ts =m a l>ge numb] ( small heads 9 ! axils ( ! leaves4 ,z ! heads beg9 to cr[d1 ! leaves %\ld be brok5 f ! /em ( ! plant to give !m m room4 ,a few leaves %\ld be left at ! top ( ! /em :]e ! new heads are be+ =m$4 ,brussels spr\ts are m h>dy ?an cabbage1 & 9 mild climates may rema9 9 ! op5 gr\nd all w9t]1 ! heads be+ remov$ z desir$4 ,= w9t] use 9 cold localities1 take up plants t are well lad5 ) heads & set !m close toge!r 9 a pit1 cold frame1 or cell>1 ) a little soil ar\nd ! roots4 ,! uses ( ,brussels spr\ts are simil> to ^? ( cabbage1 b !y are consid]$ to be ( a sup]ior flavor4 ,!y require ! same treatm5t z cabbage4 ,! soil mu/ be ri* & requires consid]able moi/ure4 ,! small spr\ts mu/ gr[ rapidly or !y w be t\gh4 ,s[ ! se$ 9 hotb$ & transplant1 or scatt] se$ 9 hills & ?94 ,! plants mu/ h pl5ty ( room4 ,r[s %\ld be ?irty in*es ap>t & ! plants n clos] ?an two feet4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,u4 ,idaho ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,cornell ,u4 ,e4 ,s4 #bib47 ,,cabbage4 ,cabbage is "o ( ! mo/ univ]sally cultivat$ ( ! g>d5 plants4 ,al?\gh x is "o ( ! co>s] vegetables x f9ds a place 9 ! home g>d5 z well z 9 ! m>ket g>d5 & truck f>m4 ,9 "s sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates x is ext5sively gr[n z a f>m crop4 ,e>ly cabbage is practically all consum$ z a gre5 vegetable4 ,! late crop1 on ! o!r h&1 is h&l$ z a fre% vegetable1 z a /orage crop1 & = ! manufacture ( sau]kraut4 ,x is always 9 dem&1 & "u pres5t conditions is always available1 ei!r z ! product ( a s\!rn truck f>m or a nor!rn f>m1 g>d51 or /orage h\se4 ,! gr\p ( cultivat$ plants :i* has be5 d]iv$ f ! wild cabbage pres5ts a great] div]sity ( =m ?an t d]iv$ f any o!r s+le ance/ral type4 ,wild cabbage is a robu/-gr[+ broad-leav$ plant enjoy+ ! l[1 moi/ areas ne> ! seacoa/ ( s\!rn ,europe4 ,! mo/ closely alli$ =m n[ 9 cultivation is ! coll>d4 ,! wide v>iation 9 ! gr\p is illu/rat$ by ! div]sity ( =m %[n 9 coll>ds1 kale1 tree cabbage1 m>r[ kale1 caulifl[]1 & ,brussels spr\ts4 ,x is almo/ beyond ! b\nds ( reason to believe t all ^! =ms h be5 d]iv$ f a common p>5tage1 yet su* is ! fact4 ,se$4--,9 no truck crop does ! "* ( ! se$ c\nt = m ?an 9 cabbage4 ,x is v ess5tial t ! crop come to m>ketable maturity e>ly1 t ! heads be uni=m 9 size & "*1 & t !y mature s t ! :ole crop c be h>ve/$ at two cutt+s4 ,! small sav+ made by ! pur*ase ( *eap or inf]ior se$ is usually paid = a hundr$ times ov] 9 ! less5$ value ( ! crop4 ,a gr[] c n af=d to risk 8 crop = s small a sav+4 ,! be/ se$ t c be obta9$ is none too good1 & any?+ %ort ( ?is is n good bus9ess4 ,)\t highly viable se$ ( a good /ra91 true to type1 ! be/ results c n be expect$4 ,= e>ly spr+ cabbage 9 ! ,s\?1 s[ ! se$s 9 an outdoor b$ & transplant to ! g>d5 be=e ,janu>y #a4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 plant ! se$s 9 a hotb$ dur+ ,febru>y & set ! plants 9 ! op5 gr\nd z e>ly z ! soil c be work$4 ,= a late crop 9 ! ,nor?1 plant ! se$s 9 a b$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,may or ,june & transplant to ! g>d5 9 ,july4 ,e>ly cabbages require a ri*1 w>m soil 9 ord] t !y may mature e>ly4 ,= late cabbages ! soil %\ld be heavi] & m ret5tive ( moi/ure & n s ri* z = ! e>ly crop1 z ! heads are liable to bur/4 ,cabbages %\ld be set 9 r[s #cj to #cf in*es ap>t & #ad to #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,:]e ! plants are set out 9 ! autumn & all[$ to rema9 9 ! gr\nd ov] w9t]1 !y are usually plac$ on top ( ridges4 ,soil4--,! soil = cabbage mu/ necess>ily v>y 9 diff]5t localities4 ,9 "o area x may be ( an alluvial "*1 :ile 9 ano!r x may be s$5t>y1 & 9 /ill ano!r x may be *>act]i/ic glacial drift4 ,! fact t cabbage gr[s well 9 all ^! soils indicates its adaptation to a wide range ( conditions4 ,! ma9 ?+ ) cabbage is an abundant supply ( imm$iately available plant food4 ,m>ket g>d5]s rely *iefly ^u /able manure = _! supply ( plant food4 ,cultivation4--,among m>ket g>d5]s x is a common expression t cabbage %\ld be ho$ e day4 ,p]haps no o!r crop responds m quickly to good cultivation & an ample food supply4 ,?is is und\bt$ly ! explanation ( ! above quot$ expression4 ,9 cultivat+ cabbage ! "w %\ld be frequ5t & ?or\gh1 b ! cultivation %\ld n be deep4 ,! aim %\ld be to de/roy all compet+ we$s & to ma9ta9 a loose1 friable lay] ( soil ab\t #b in*es deep ov] ! surface ( ! area devot$ to cabbage4 ,/orage4--,e>ly cabbage mu/ be us$ soon aft] x has =m$ solid heads1 z x w n keep dur+ hot wea!r4 ,late cabbage may be buri$ 9 pits or /or$ 9 cell>s or specially con/ruct$ h\ses4 ,! usual me?od ( /or+ cabbage is to dig a tr5* ab\t #ah in*es deep & #c feet wide & set ! cabbage upright1 ) ! heads close toge!r & ! roots b$d$ 9 soil4 ,z cold wea!r comes on1 ! heads are cov]$ slightly ) /raw & !n #c or #d in*es ( e>? put on4 ,slight freez+ does n injure cabbage1 b x %\ld n be subject$ to repeat$ freez+ & ?aw+4 ,if /or$ 9 a cell> or build+1 ! heads are g5]ally cut f ! /ems & /or$ on slatt$ %elves or 9 %all[ b9s4 ,:ile 9 /orage1 cabbage %\ld be well v5tilat$ & kept z cool z possible )\t freez+4 ,v>ieties4--,! v>ieties ( cabbage us$ 9 ! truck+ section are practically limit$ to ! ,wakefield type4 ,!re are two /ra9s ( ?is type ( cabbage n[ ext5sively employ$3 ,! true ,j]sey ,wakefield1 ) its small1 acutely po9t$ tip & v firm1 t5d] fle% ( high quality1 & ! ,*>le/on ,wakefield1 :i* is broad]1 some:at flatt]1 m obtusely po9t$1 & slightly m angul> 9 cross section ?an ! ,j]sey type4 ,! v>ieties :i* may be us$ = field cultivation dep5d ^u ! purpose = :i* ! cabbage is int5d$4 ,if = sau]kraut or = imm$iate consumption1 ! ,flat ,dut* type f ,am]ican-gr[n se$ is ext5sively employ$ 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ! irrigat$ section ( ,colorado1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,greeley1 :]e cabbage is gr[n = sau]kraut1 a v>iety kn[n z ,scot* ,cross is almo/ univ]sally gr[n4 ,if ! cabbage is int5d$ = /orage ! ,dani% ,ball ,head f import$ se$ is almo/ exclusively us$4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #dcc2 ,colo4 ,e4 ,s4 #adc2 ,md4 ,ag4 ,col4 ,e4 ,s4 #acc2 ,tex4 ,e4 ,s4 #eb1 #fi2 ,ga4 ,e4 ,s4 #ia2 ,kans4 ,e4 ,s4 #gj2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #ia47 ,,calaba%4#a ,! increas+ popul>ity ( calaba% pipes made f ! fruits ( a ,s\? ,african calaba%1 or g\rd1 has ar\s$ a widespread int]e/ 9 ! gr[+ ( ?is v9e4 #a ,see page #cba1 = illu/ration4 ,calaba% pipes made f import$ ,s\? ,african g\rds h be5 ! fa%ion 9 ,engl& = "s "t & are n[ com+ into vogue 9 ,am]ica4 ,^! pipes are =m$ f ! crook$ necks ( a l>ge g\rd 7,lag5>ia vulg>is7 belong+ to ! well-kn[n gr\p ( plants :i* includes ! cucumb]1 ! melons1 & ! squa%es4 ,pipes made f ! import$ g\rds are exp5sive1 ,am]ican deal]s usually *>g+ #c to #ab apiece = !m4 ,!y are ! lighte/ pipes made = _! size1 are graceful 9 %ape1 color l me]s*aums1 & are delightful smok]s4 ,unlike ! *eap pipes :i* are turn$ out by ma*9]y1 no two ( ^! calaba% pipes are alike4 ,9 ?is lies mu* ( _! *>m4 ,9 ?is1 likewise1 lies _! co/1 =1 unlike ! great mass ( pipes turn$ out by ma*9]y1 ! crook ( ! calaba% v>ies s t ea* m\?piece mu/ be made to fit x & ea* l9+ ( me]s*aum or pla/] ( ,p>is mu/ be specially adapt$4 ,9 our l& ( labor-sav+ ma*9]y & exp5sive h& labor ?is is :at makes ! pipes co/ly4 ,! v9e =ms a v satisfactory cov] = unsightly bru% heaps or f5ces1 ?\gh its r rank odor might prove objectionable if us$ = an arbor too ne> ! dwell+4 ,to gr[ ! v9e = ! sake ( its g\rds is :]e ! *ief int]e/ lies1 h[ev]1 & to d ?is well x %\ld n be tra9$ on a trellis1 b all[$ to trail ov] ! gr\nd4 ,if ! fruits are all[$ to lie on ! gr\nd !y =m _! crook$ necks q naturally )\t assi/ance1 & :ile n all ( !m by any means make suitable necks = pipes a good proportion d4 ,x seems to induce a m p]fect neck to /& ! g\rds up :5 half gr[n s t !y re/ on _! big ends4 ,unless c>e is ex]cis$ 9 do+ ?is ! necks snap (f1 = !y are extremely brittle ev5 :5 fully gr[n4 ,x is only :5 almo/ mature t !y become h>d & !n !y are inde$ almo/ unbreakable4 ,mu* c\ld d\btless be done to p]fect ! me?ods ( culture1 insur+ p]haps a great] p]c5tage ( prop]ly crook$ necks & m p]fect surfaces4 ,x c\ld n be se5 t inh]itance plays any mat]ial "p 9 ?is matt] ( p]c5tage ( crooks4 ,if left to !mselves ! majority w crook _! necks1 b "s few w rema9 q /raight1 & ?is on ! same v9e ) p]fectly =m$ crooks4 ,! g\rds %\ld be left z long z possible on ! v9es to ?or\ghly ?ick5 _! %ells4 ,if pick$ gre5 ! %ell w be no ?ick] ?an /iff c>dbo>d & 9 dry+ x is v liable to crack4 ,fro/ w injure ! g\rds if !y are left on ! v9es too long4--7,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,cir4 #da47 ,,cantal\pe4 ,cantal\pe gr[+1 z develop$ s9ce its orig9 ne> ,rocky=d1 ,colorado1 9 #ahhe1 requires unusual judgm5t & cultural skill on ! "p ( ! f>m]4 ,co-op]ative organization & good bus9ess managem5t are also ess5tial1 = only by ^! means c ! crop be prop]ly tim$ & prep>$ = %ipm5t1 & necess>y arrangem5ts made ) transportation & sell+ ag5cies4 ,se$4--,se$ %\ld be mo/ c>efully select$ ) ref]5ce to flavor & appe>ance ( ! fruit2 to good %ipp+ *>act]s1 includ+ small cavities & heavy nett+2 & to a t5d5cy to produce melons ( /&>d size4 ,e>ly /ra9s are desir$ = "s situations2 b 9 ,arizona ru/ resi/ance is n a necess>y "* z ?is class ( diseases is little to be fe>$ "u ! arid conditions4 ,se$ %\ld be pur*as$ only f mo/ reliable s\rces4 ,rocky=d gr[]s are at pres5t ! pr9cipal means ( supply4 ,soil4--,exp]i5ce has prov5 t a s&y loam is ! soil be/ suit$ = cantal\pes1 & t its condition ( til? & ! available f]tility are ! prime ess5tials 9 br++ cantal\pes to quick maturity4 ,! secret ( gett+ soil 9 t a%y1 mell[ condition s desirable = cantal\pes is l>gely "o ( exp]i5ce1 = h>dly two f>ms c be h&l$ ! same4 ,9 g5]al1 !re mu/ be moi/ure 9 ! soil ov] w9t] to get ! dis9tegrat+ effect ( fro/1 & pl[+ %\ld n be done until ! gr\nd is dry en\gh to pulv]ize mell[4 ,b>ny>d manure has long be5 ! means ( supply+ f]tility to =ce cantal\pes to e>ly maturity4 ,old alfalfa gr\nd is mo/ excell5t = cantal\pe culture4 ,b]muda sod pl[$ up & expos$ to ! sun )\t irrigation ! prec$+ summ] makes excell5t cantal\pe gr\nd1 ! int5sive cultivation necess>y s]v+ bo? to b5efit ! crop & to re/ra9 ?is =midable we$4 ,plant+4--,! fir/ requisite aside f moi/ure = a good />t is w>m wea!r1 z cantal\pe se$ _c g]m9ate :5 ! gr\nd is cold & freez+2 & if p]*ance ! days are w>m en\gh to g]m9ate ! se$ t is plant$ 9 ,m>* or ,april1 ! cold nights t are sure to foll[ w (fset ! advantage ( e>ly plant+4 ,if !re is a secret 9 gett+ e>ly cantal\pes x is 9 gr[+ ! crop f />t to f9i% ) a uni=m un*eck$ gr[?2 ! cantal\pe does n seem to h ! p[] to rally f a *eck 9 gr[? or an injury f an insect & /ill makes its normal developm5t4 ,! back-set n only cuts (f ! production ( e>ly cantal\pes b s]i\sly affects ! size & quality ( ! melon4 ,!re are num]\s in/ances :]e unfavorable conditions ( gr[? h produc$ a l>ge quantity ( pony melons1 :ile "u m favorably gr[+ conditions ! same se$ & soil h yield$ /&>d siz$ cantal\pes4 ,"o ( ! fir/ signs ( promise = e>ly cantal\pes is a quick g]m9ation & rapid developm5t ( l>ge cotyl$ons4 ,se$ t g]m9ates sl[ly ) small1 yell[ appe>+ se$ leaves has nev] made e>ly cantal\pes4 ,irrigation4--,moi/ure = ! cantal\pe hill is g5]ally suppli$ by ! irrigation furr[4 ,x %\ld always rea* ! se$ or plant by soak+ ?r\gh ! soil4 ,irrigation %\ld nev] be all[$ to ov]-soak or flood ! gr\nd1 z ! soil w !n become h>d & n p]mit a good gr[?4 ,! relation ( irrigation to an e>ly set ( cantal\pes is a some:at moot$ "q4 ,!re are gr[]s :o argue ! use ( frequ5t irrigations dur+ ! sett+ p]iod to secure a good set1 & !re are o!rs :o pref] to keep ! v9es r dry & ev5 lett+ !m %[ ! ne$ ( wat] be=e !y w irrigate dur+ ! sett+ /age4 ,!re h be5 results t seem$ to support bo? !ories1 yet close obs]vation w\ld n w>rant foll[+ ei!r plan to an extreme1 b r a m$ium c\rse ( supply+ en\gh moi/ure = an ev51 heal?y gr[?1 :i* seems to be ! ess5tial condition all ! way ?r\gh4 ,an excess ( irrigation dur+ ! hot wea!r 9 ,july w d\btless t5d to gr[ v9es at ! exp5se ( e>ly fruit2 b ! mo/ disa/r\s result ( too mu* wat]--hav+ ! gr\nd s soak$ t ! surface is ne>ly all wet1 & af=d+ ! moi/1 dewy condition :i* is favorable to its developm5t--is 9 ! developm5t ( ru/4 ,! ru/ problem is a s]i\s "o 9 cantal\pe culture 9 ,colorado4 ,controll+ x by prop] application ( irrigation is only a palliative measure1 yet a m>k$ contra/ is (t5 se5 9 two portions ( a field2 "o ov]-irrigat$1 & ! o!r comp>atively dry1 aside f ! moi/ure necess>y to ! gr[? ( ! v9es4 ,ra9y wea!r & dewy nights af=d ! prop] conditions = ! gr[? ( ! ru/ spore1 & :ile ! f>m] _c *ange climatic conditions1 yet by c>eful att5tion 9 ! application ( wat]1 hav+ ! r[s well dit*$1 & ) adequate wa/e lat]als to prev5t ov]-soak+ & flood+1 ! surface ( ! gr\nd w dry rapidly aft] a ra9 or an irrigation4 ,?us ! dews at night w be less1 & 9 a measure alleviate ! effects ( ru/4--7,u4 ,ariz4 ,cir4 #gg2 ,ag4 ,col4 ,colo4 #fb1 #he1 #ie & #ajh47 ,,c>doon4 ,! c>doon is a ?i/le-l plant1 v simil> 9 appe>ance to ! ,globe arti*oke1 b is gr[n z an annual4 ,! se$s are s[n 9 e>ly spr+ 9 a hotb$ or cold frame & ! plants transplant$ lat] to ! op5 gr\nd4 ,! c>doon %\ld be plant$ 9 r[s #c feet ap>t & #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[ on ri* soil1 :]e x c secure pl5ty ( moi/ure & make rapid gr[?4 ,t[>d autumn ! leaves are drawn toge!r & ! c5t] blan*$ 9 ! same mann] z endive4 ,if int5d$ = w9t] use1 ! leaves are n blan*$ 9 ! g>d51 b ! plants are lift$ ) consid]able e>? adh]+ to ! roots & /or$ closely 9 a d>k pit or cell> to blan*4 ,! blan*$ leaf /ems are us$ = mak+ salads1 s\ps1 & /ews4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,c>rot4 ,! culture ( ! c>rot is practically ! same z ! p>snip1 except t c>rots are n ?9n$ s mu* & are all[$ to gr[ almo/ z ?ickly z plant$4 ,c>rots %\ld be dug 9 ! autumn & /or$ ! same z p>snips or turnips4 ,any surplus c be f$ sp>+ly to horses1 mules or cattle4 ,! roots ( ! c>rot are us$ at all times ( ! ye>1 mo/ly 9 s\ps1 b !y may be boil$ & s]v$ ) butt] or cream$4 ,c>rots are plant$ 9 r[s #af in*es ap>t & ! plants ?9n$ out to #d in*es 9 ! r[4 ,*ant5ay is an excell5t table c>rot ( m$ium size & d>k orange color1 slightly tap]+ & abruptly t]m9at+ ) a %ort1 f9e taproot4 ,! fle% is orange color$1 brittle1 juicy & mild flavor$4 ,:at x lacks 9 size x makes up 9 quality & good %ape4 ,sc>let ,int]m$iate1 some:at l>g] ?an ,*ant5ay1 is ( good size = table use4 ,9 %ape m tap]+ & ) a long] taproot4 ,x is d>k orange color$2 flavor & quality good4 ,fle% is q brittle & orange color$ ) a :ite c5t]4 ,to ^! two are add$ two v>ieties pr9cipally gr[n = /ock fe$1 simil> v>ieties be+ gr[n = table use 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe1 & m especially ^? ( ! ,:ite ,belgian v>iety4 ,bo? v>ieties are ( sl5d] %ape1 #a-a_/b to #b in*es 9 diamet]1 hold+ _! size well1 al?\gh av]ag+ #ab in*es 9 l5g?1 #c to #d in*es ( :i* gr[s above gr\nd & :i* z a consequ5ce is color$ light gre5 on ! outside4 ,:ite ,belgian is ! sweet] ( ! two1 & :ile ! fle% is some:at co>se1 ! flavor ( x1 :5 well /ew$ & ma%$1 is sweet] & n unlike t ( ! p>snip4 ,victoria1 ! o!r v>iety1 is ( ! same texture1 fairly sweet & ) a m pron\nc$ c>rot flavor1 ! fle% in/ead ( :ite1 be+ light orange color$4 ,?is vegetable c be gr[n to p]fection 9 ,porto ,rico almo/ any "t ( ! ye>4 ,x pref]s a ri* loam & gr[s v well on a heavy clay :i* is n too wet1 b a light s&y soil is n well adapt$ to x4 ,= f]tiliz]1 /able manure w d :5 no?+ else is available1 b a comm]cial f]tiliz]1 ri* 9 pota% & phosphoric acid1 is mu* to be pref]r$ = ?is crop4--,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #bie2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj2 ,n4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,u4 ,idaho ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,p4 ,r4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s4 #g4 ,,caulifl[]4 ,?is plant requires a v ri*1 moi/ soil4 ,l& t w produce only a fair crop ( cabbage is unfit = caulifl[]4 ,if ! l& is v ri* & well f]tiliz$ x may be reasonably expect$ t ! returns f ! crop ( caulifl[] w m ?an repay ! co/ ( putt+ ! l& 9 good condition4 ,se$4--,no m important elem5t ent]s into ! success ( ! caulifl[] crop ?an ! quality ( ! se$ & to ! se$ alone is (t5 due ! diff]5ce betwe5 success & failure1 pr(it & loss4 ,! be/ se$ t c be secur$ is ! *eape/ at any reasonable price1 & x %\ld always be obta9$ f a well-kn[n1 reputable se$sman4 ,se$-b$4--,?is %\ld be c>efully prep>$4 ,! soil %\ld be enri*$ ) a lib]al application ( comm]cial f]tiliz]1 or ?or\ghly decompos$ /able manure4 ,aft] ! f]tiliz] is appli$ x %\ld be ?or\ghly work$ 9 to a dep? ( ?ree or f\r in*es4 ,f a few days to two weeks %\ld elapse be=e ! se$ is s[n = !re is great dang] 9 plant+ se$ too soon aft] apply+ comm]cial f]tiliz] z ! se$ is likely to be de/roy$ by ! action ( ! m9]al sub/ance unless x has be5 dissolv$ & ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! soil4 ,! "t betwe5 ! application ( ! f]tiliz] & ! s[+ ( ! se$ w dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( ra9fall & x is (t5 bett] to wet d[n ! se$-b$ ea* day = f\r or five days be=e plant+ & n to dep5d ^u ! unc]ta9 ra9fall4 ,! r[s %\ld be ab\t ?ree in*es ap>t4 ,9 six or sev5 days ! "y plants %\ld beg9 to appe> & ! gr\nd betwe5 ! drills %\ld be cultivat$4 ,d n all[ ! soil to dry out z ! caulifl[] plant f se$ to head %\ld nev] be *eck$4 ,nei!r %\ld ! b$ be kept too wet1 else !re is dang] ( damp+ (f4 ,! b$ %\ld be c>efully wat*$ & if ! disease does break out x may be *eck$ by remov+ ! diseas$ plants1 work+ ! soil1 scatt]+ dry s& & sulphur along ! r[s & )hold+ wat] until ! surface soil becomes dry4 ,x might be po9t$ out "h t ab\t six mon?s mu/ be all[$ f ! s[+ ( ! se$ until ! crop matures4 ,transplant+4--,! plants %\ld n be all[$ to rema9 long 9 ! se$ r[s4 ,if left too long !y w soon cr[d & become weak & sp9dl+4 ,:5 !y h rea*$ ! height ( "o in*1 !y %\ld be prick$ (f & set 9 ano!r portion ( ! b$4 ,!y may be set 9 r[s f\r in*es ap>t ) ! plants "o & a half to two in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,"h !y %\ld rema9 until ready = ! field4 ,if c>e has be5 ex]cis$ all ! way ?r\gh1 ! plants w be %ort1 /ocky & vigor\s4 ,by ! "t !y are f\r or five in*es high or :5 ! leaves h lapp$ !y are ready = ! field4 ,x is n be/ to let !m get too l>ge1 because !re is (t5 a delay ( a few days 9 ord] to obta9 good climatic conditions = sett+ out4 ,if left too long 9 ! se$ b$1 great] c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 transplant+1 else ! plants may suff] a sev]e *eck & w button or break irregul>ly in/ead ( =m+ smoo? well %ap$ heads4 ,soils & ,prep>ation4--,"w %\ld be />t$ on ! gr\nd at lea/ a mon? be=e ! plants are set out4 ,! caulifl[] is a deep root$ plant1 consequ5tly ! soil %\ld be prep>$ deeply4 ,x is n advisable to turn "u ! good surface soil & to obviate ?is gr\nd may be pl[$ %all[ & !n /irr$ & op5$ ) a bull-tongue to a dep? ( sev5 or eight in*es4 ,aft] ?is ! surface %\ld be cultivat$ to a dep? ( two or ?ree in*es4 ,give ?or\gh prep>ation by frequ5t cultivation be=e ! f]tiliz] is appli$1 prep>atory to sett+ out ! plants4 ,sett+ ,out4--,x is be/ t ! plants be set out ei!r j be=e or imm$iately aft] a ra91 b if ?is c n be done !y %\ld be set out late 9 ! ev5+ & wat]$1 giv+ ea* plant ab\t a qu>t ( wat]4 ,a cl\dy day is mu* pref]able to a cle> "o & if ! day on :i* ! plants are set out is foll[$ by cl\dy wea!r1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be level$ or smoo!d ov]1 = :i* purpose a roll] or float may be us$4 ,aft] ?is ! gr\nd may be m>k$ (f4 ,two m>k]s %\ld be con/ruct$1 "o ) ! tee? ?ree feet ap>t1 ! o!r ) ! tee? two feet ap>t4 ,^! may be made ( wood aft] ! patt]n ( an ord9>y g>d5 rake4 ,9 place ( a m>k] a l9e may be us$ or ! gr\nd may be *eck$ (f ) a light h& pl[4 ,only a limit$ numb] ( plants %\ld be remov$ f ! se$-b$ at "o "t4 ,! leaves %\ld be cut back ab\t "o-half or "o-?ird1 us+ = ! purpose a l>ge pair ( %e>s4 ,spr9kle ! plants ) wat] z soon z remov$ f ! b$1 place 9 a %all[ box or basket & keep !m %ad$ f ! sun4 ,cultivation & ,c>e4--,! field %\ld be frequ5tly cultivat$ & ! gr\nd %\ld be sc>ifi$ at lea/ e week & aft] e ra9fall4 ,! be/ tool = cultivat+ is an ord9>y cultivator & ! gr\nd %\ld n be work$ to a great] dep? ?an two & "o-half or ?ree in*es4 ,?is w pres]ve a surface mul* ( dry e>? & prev5t loss ( moi/ure by evaporation4 ,z soon z ! heads comm5ce to =m ! leaves %\ld be drawn toge!r at ! top & loosely ti$ ne> _! tips ) a piece ( cord or tw9e4 ,rafia makes a good sub/itute = tw9e & is pref]able because !re is less dang] ( cutt+ ! leaves4 ,! practice ( break+ d[n ! leaves ov] ! head has be5 tri$1 b f\nd n q s satisfactory4 ,if ! heads are left uncov]$ !y become yell[ ?r\gh ! action ( ! sun & ra9 b :5 ! leaves are drawn toge!r & ti$1 !y blea* out pure :ite1 & curd-l4 ,ga!r+4--,caulifl[] may be cut be=e x is mature1 b ! flavor is n s well develop$ z x is :5 ! heads are full gr[n4 ,= w9t] %ipm5t heads f f\r to six in*es 9 diamet] are ( a desirable size & ! m>ket w take !m fully z well or bett] ?an l>ge ones4 ,! field %\ld be pick$ ov] at lea/ e two or ?ree days dur+ ! season1 ?\gh heads w rema9 9 good condition = ne>ly a week if ! wea!r be cold4 ,exam9e ! head by sep>at+ ! leaves on ! side4 ,z soon z ! head is well r\nd$ up 9 ! c5t] & develop$ s z to =ce ! leaves outw>d1 & assumes a gra9$ appe>ance1 x w be f\nd to be fully matur$4 ,! heads %\ld be cut1 pref]ably1 :5 dry4 ,if moi/ !y are likely to decay 9 transit4 ,! be/ "t ( day is ! aft]noon if !y are int5d$ = long di/ance %ipm5t4 ,ab\t an in* ( /em %\ld be left on ! head & ?ree r[s ( leaves4 ,aft] cutt+1 ! heads %\ld be c>efully plac$ 9 a wagon & c>ri$ to ! pack+ h\se or on dry pleasant days pack+ may be done 9 ! field4 ,pack+4--,! package recomm5d$ = g5]al use is ! ord9>y lettuce basket4 ,be=e pack+1 ! leaves %\ld be cut back to /ubs4 ,ea* head %\ld be c>efully wrapp$ 9 a l>ge %eet ( :ite glaz$ pap]4 ,! baskets %\ld be pack$ snug & tight )\t bruis+ ! heads1 & only ^? ( uni=m size %\ld be plac$ 9 ea* basket4 ,nev] place diff]5t sizes 9 ! same package & always disc>d inf]ior or injur$ heads2 ! compo/ heap is ! place = !m4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,fla4 ,e4 ,s4 #ei2 ,tex4 ,e4 ,s4 #eg2 ,cornell ,u4 ,e4 ,s4 #bib47 ,,cel]iac4 ,?is vegetable1 :i* is also kn[n z turnip-root$ cel]y1 or knot cel]y1 is closely relat$ to our ord9>y cel]y1 be+ inde$ a cultural v>iety ( ! same orig9al plant gr[n "u conditions :i* h develop$ ! root r ?an ! /alk4 ,9 ,europe x is by f> ! mo/ common =m ( cel]y1 b has nev] be5 ext5sively cultivat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?\gh x is f\nd 9 ! l>g] m>kets4 ,! roots are :ite & m or less globul> 9 %ape1 closely resembl+ turnips 9 appe>ance4 ,?is vegetable des]ves to be m widely kn[n1 be+ extremely h>dy & ( easy cultivation4 ,x is mo/ly us$ = flavor+ s\ps1 except by ! ,g]mans :o use x 9 ! same mann] z potatoes = potato salad4 ,plant$ #g or #h in*es ap>t & #c feet betwe5 ! r[s x w yield abundantly1 & succe$ be/ :]e cel]y w4 ,! edible portion develops into a bulb\s root weigh+ #d to #f ounces :5 trimm$1 & ^! bulbs :5 prop]ly pack$ away 9 ! cell> w keep almo/ until spr+4 ,:]e ! gr\nd b slightly freezes1 ! plants may be safely left unh>ve/$ = spr+ use4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #bie2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj47 ,,cel]y4 ,! ideal climatic conditions = ! production ( cel]y are bright sun%9e1 pure air1 cool nights1 & a well-di/ribut$ ra9fall ( ab\t #h in*es dur+ ! gr[+ p]iod 9 ! field or g>d54 ,soils4--,9 ! production ( cel]y = dome/ic use1 a ri*1 mell[1 s&y loam w give ! be/ results4 ,! soil ( ! se$ b$ %\ld conta9 pl5ty ( leaf mold & %\ld be pass$ ?r\gh a sieve hav+ n less ?an six me%es to ! in*4 ,! soil ( ! transplant+ b$ ne$ n be sift$ s f9e1 & "s well-rott$ b>ny>d manure %\ld replace a "p ( ! leaf mold2 9 o!r respects x %\ld be ! same z t ( ! se$ b$4 ,any f]tile1 well-dra9$ soil w gr[ cel]y1 b a loose1 s&y loam is pref]able4 ,if no?+ b clay soil is available1 x may be made to produce good cel]y by ! lib]al application ( well-rott$ b>ny>d manure4 ,on clay soils !re is likely to be injury caus$ by ! soil becom+ wa%$ into ! he>ts ( ! plants :ile !y are yet small4 ,f]tiliz]s4--,= ! production ( ! home supply ( cel]y !re is no f]tiliz] t is s satisfactory z well-rott$ b>ny>d manure4 ,9 _m localities ! supply ( manure is limit$1 & x may be necess>y to dep5d almo/ entirely ^u comm]cial f]tiliz]s4 ,if fre% /able manure is us$1 x %\ld be pl[$ "u 9 ! autumn4 ,if ! manure is well rott$1 x may be pl[$ "u e>ly 9 ! spr+ or us$ z a top-dress+ a %ort "t be=e plant+ 9 ord] to br+ ! manure to ! surface4 ,f #aj to #bj tons ( manure to ! acre %\ld be appli$ ea* ye> t ! l& is plant$ to cel]y4 ,! application ( lime w improve mo/ soils4 ,foll[+ ! use ( /able manure an application ( #a1jjj p\nds ( gr\nd quicklime z a top dress+ w be b5eficial4 ,soils t are liable to lea* dur+ ! w9t] c be held by plant+ to rye & ! crop turn$ "u q e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,:5 appli$ to clay soils ! lime has a t5d5cy to light5 !m1 & s&y soils are r5d]$ m ret5tive ( moi/ure by ! addition ( lime4 ,an application ( #ejj to #hjj p\nds ( common salt to ! acre is consid]$ desirable by "s gr[]s4 ,cel]y w take up a limit$ quantity ( salt1 & its flavor is improv$ !reby4 ,"o to #b tons ( high-grade f]tiliz] to ! acre may be pr(itably appli$ on mo/ soils 9 addition to ! /able manure & lime4 ,z a rule1 ! quick-act+ f]tiliz]s are us$1 & a mixture suitable = gr[+ cel]y %\ld conta9 ab\t #f p] c5t ( nitrog51 #e p] c5t ( available phosphoric acid1 & #aj p] c5t ( pota%4 ,"t & ,me?od ( ,pl[+4--,z a rule ! l& %\ld be pl[$ sev]al weeks be=e plant+4 ,at ! ,nor? x is desirable to pl[ ! cel]y l& 9 ! autumn & all[ ! soil to lie expos$ to ! action ( fro/ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,at ! ,s\? x w be necess>y to pl[ b a %ort "t be=e plant+4 ,! pl[+ %\ld be v ?or\gh1 & 9 mo/ cases ) a some:at heavi] pl[ ?an t g5]ally us$ = o!r crops4 ,smoo?+ & ,pulv]iz+4--,a few days be=e ! l& is requir$ = plant+1 ! surface %\ld be cut ) a disk or cutt+ h>r[1 foll[$ by su* tools z are necess>y to pulv]ize ! soil to a dep? ( #e or #f in*es4 ,j be=e plant+1 ! l& %\ld ei!r be roll$ or gone ov] ) a float1 or drag1 made by nail+ toge!r planks or scantl+s1 9 ord] to secure an ev5 surface = plant+4 ,m>k+ ,r[s4--,! r[s 9 :i* ! cel]y plants are to be set %\ld n be m>k$ until a %ort "t be=e plant+1 9 ord] t ! soil may rema9 fre%4 ,a m>k+ device simil> to ! ord9>y corn m>k] may be us$1 b "s =m ( roll] ) a numb] ( project+ pegs to =m holes 9 :i* to set ! plants is desirable4 ,a device ( ?is "* c be con/ruct$ by replac+ ! :eel ( an ord9>y :eelb>r[ ) a roll] hav+ a s]ies ( pegs4 ,selection ( ,se$4--,! fir/ & mo/ important consid]ation :5 prep>+ to gr[ a crop ( cel]y is ! secur+ ( good se$1 n m]ely se$ ( :i* a l>ge p]c5tage w g]m9ate1 b t hav+ /r5g? & vigor suffici5t to give ! se$l+ a good />t4 ,z ! se$s ( cel]y are v small1 x is necess>y t only a small p]c5tage ( ! numb] usually s[n %\ld actually gr[ 9 ord] to secure an abundance ( plants2 b z l[ g]m9ation & ! necess>y vigor are seldom bo? to be f\nd 9 ! same packet ( se$ t se$ :i* has a high p]c5tage ( g]m9ation is pref]able4 ,s[+ = an ,e>ly ,crop4--,= s[+ se$ dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! season1 ! plan be/ suit$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! f>m] or amateur gr[] ( cel]y is to secure a wood5 flat or tray ab\t #af by #bd in*es 9 size & #c in*es deep1 ) sev]al small holes 9 ! bottom = dra9age4 ,aft] fill+ ) sift$ soil level x (f ev5 ) ! top1 & ei!r %ake d[n ! soil or press x d[n by means ( a bo>d be=e ! se$s are s[n4 ,ei!r s[ 9 drills #b in*es ap>t or scatt] broadca/1 & cov] ! se$ by spr9kl+ ?r\gh a f9e sieve a v small quantity ( leaf mold or s&4 ,?is tray c be plac$ 9 ! w9d[ ( a mod]ately w>m room 9 ! dwell+1 & ! soil %\ld be wat]$ by spr9kl+ v lightly z (t5 z necess>y to keep ! surface f %[+ dryness1 b ! soil %\ld n become wat]logg$4 ,s[+ = a ,late ,crop4--,! me?od n[ 9 use by mo/ l>ge gr[]s is to prep>e a tract ( l& by pulv]iz+ ) horse tools & !n rak+ by h&1 aft] :i* ! se$ is s[n broadca/ by means ( a :eelb>r[ grass-se$ drill4 ,! soil is sometimes press$ d[n ) a plank aft] ! se$s are scatt]$1 b "s gr[]s ma9ta9 t !re is a decid$ advantage 9 leav+ ! soil slightly unev51 z ! se$s fall into ! %ad$ places & are protect$ f ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,! se$ w become suffici5tly cov]$ by ra9s or by wat]+4 ,%\ld m ?an #bj p] c5t ( ! se$ usually s[n g]m9ate1 x is necess>y to ?9 out to prev5t ov]cr[d+1 ) its att5dant injury4 ,to prev5t ! surface ( ! soil becom+ too dry1 x may be necess>y to p>tially %ade ! "y plants dur+ ! w>m days ( e>ly summ]1 b ! %ad+ %\ld nev] be s d5se z to cause !m to become drawn4 ,transplant+4--,9 case ! gr[] adopts ! plan ( transplant+ twice1 ! se$l+s w be ready = ! fir/ h&l+ 9 f f\r to six weeks f ! "t ! se$ is s[n4 ,! se$l+s may be transplant$ to trays or to b$s 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,?is transplant+ answ]s two purposes3 7#a7 ,! se$l+ plant ( cel]y has a /raight root1 or taproot1 :i* is brok5 9 transplant+1 caus+ a l>ge mass ( fibr\s roots to be =m$4 ,9 ! case ( a plant all[$ to rema9 9 ! se$ b$ until plant+-out "t ?is taproot has gone f> d[n into ! soil & ! plant has =m$ v few side roots2 consequ5tly x suff]s a great %ock 9 ! process ( plant+ 9 ! field1 & a l>ge numb] ( plants w ne$ to be replac$4 7#b7 ,:5 transplant+ twice is practic$ !re is no necessity = ?9n+1 & a m uni=m lot ( plants is obta9$4 ,two h&l+s c n be recomm5d$ :5 cel]y is gr[n on a l>ge scale1 z ! co/ ( labor is too great4 ,x is bett] to h a surplus ( plants & to r5ew ^? t fail4 ,wat]+4--,:5 ! se$ b$ is prep>$1 ! soil ( :i* x is compos$ %\ld conta9 z mu* moi/ure z possible & yet be 9 good condition to h&le4 ,aft] s[+ & cov]+ ! se$s ! b$ %\ld be spr9kl$ lightly4 ,dur+ ! p]iod betwe5 se$+ & ! appe>ance ( ! plants ! b$ %\ld be wat]$ only z (t5 z x %[s indications ( dryness2 h[ev]1 ! surface %\ld nev] become dry4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few days a moi/ clo? may be spread ov] ! surface ( ! se$ b$ 9 ord] to cons]ve ! moi/ure1 b ?is cov]+ %\ld be remov$ be=e ! se$l+s beg9 to appe>4 ,aft] ! plants are up1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to wat] too heavily1 z ! se$l+s are liable to damp (f2 b ! gr\nd %\ld nev] become s dry z to *eck _! gr[?4 ,cel]y requires ! mo/ wat] :ile mak+ its greate/ gr[?1 :i* occurs late 9 ! summ]4 ,z ! crop approa*es maturity ! wat] %\ld be appli$ sp>+ly1 & x %\ld be )held altoge!r = "s "t be=e blan*+4 ,among ! me?ods ( apply+ ! wat]1 ! mo/ simple & usually ! mo/ desirable practice1 especially :]e ! surface ( ! soil is ev51 is to run ! wat] along ! r[s by means ( small furr[s1 #h or #aj in*es di/ant on ei!r side ( ! r[4 ,?is me?od is well adapt$ to use on a g5tle slope ) ! r[s runn+ up & d[n ! incl9e4 ,:5 ! wat] is spr9kl$ ov] ! entire surface x %\ld be done late 9 ! day1 s t ! soil may1 dur+ ! night1 absorb ! moi/ure & prev5t a cru/ be+ =m$1 z w\ld be ! case 7 ! wat] appli$ "u ! direct heat ( ! sun4 ,gr[+ ,)\t ,irrigation4--,= a home supply ( cel]y x is (t5 possible to select a r moi/ b well-dra9$ piece ( l& :]eon x may be gr[n )\t artificial wat]+4 ,9 ?is case ! plants %\ld be set :ile ! atmosph]e is fill$ ) moi/ure1 pref]ably betwe5 g5tle %[]s1 & ! moi/ure aft]w>ds reta9$ 9 ! soil by frequ5t %all[ cultivation or by ! application ( a mul* ar\nd ! plants4 ,?is me?od c n be foll[$ 9 climates :]e irrigation is necess>y = ! production ( crops1 b is applicable 9 regions t h an ord9>y ra9fall dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,plant+4--,= dome/ic use1 :]e pl5ty ( l& is available1 x w be f\nd mo/ economical to plant 9 s+le or d\ble r[s #d1 #e or #f feet ap>t1 ) ! plants #e or #f in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,if ! space is limit$1 solid b$s ab\t #e feet wide w be f\nd suitable1 ) ! plants set #g or #h in*es ap>t ea* way4 ,by plant+ 9 r[s ! crop may be work$ ) a horse cultivator or a :eel hoe & ! bank+ m easily done1 & ?us ! co/ ( production is less5$4 ,) ! solid-b$ sy/em ! "w mu/ all be done by h&4 ,if possible1 ! plant+ %\ld be done :5 ! soil is r moi/ & ! atmosph]ic conditions suitable to ! subsi/5ce ( ! plants until ! roots c aga9 furni% suffici5t moi/ure to supply !m4 ,! b$ %\ld be ?or\ghly wat]$ a few h\rs be=e ! plants are remov$1 & a knife or tr[el %\ld be run betwe5 ! plants s t !y may be lift$ ) a clump ( e>? & ) mo/ ( _! roots atta*$4 ,mul*+4--,9 muck soils x w n be f\nd necess>y to mul* ! gr\nd ar\nd ! plants aft] sett+1 b "s k9d ( a cov]+ is desirable on s&y & clay soils4 ,z soon z ! plants are 9 position & be=e any wat] is appli$1 cov] ! gr\nd = a di/ance ( #h or #aj in*es on ei!r side ) any f9ely divid$ mat]ial t w %ade ! top ( ! soil & prev5t a cru/ be+ =m$ aft] wat]+2 half-rott$ manure is pref]able = ?is1 z x aids ! gr[? by its f]tiliz+ qualities4 ,good cel]y c be gr[n on clay upl& ) b "o wat]+--at ! "t ( plant+--provid$ t pl5ty ( mul* is appli$ z soon z ! plants are set4 ,! roots ( cel]y1 aft] x is once transplant$1 run close to ! surface1 & ! mul* w protect !m f ! heat ( ! sun4 ,among mat]ials t may be us$ = a mul* may be m5tion$ p9e ne$les1 leaves ( any k9d1 /raw1 corn/alks run ?r\gh ! cutt]1 clipp+s f ! lawn1 etc41 none ( :i*1 h[ev]1 are z good z b>ny>d manure4 ,h ! mat]ial to be us$ z a mul* ne> at h&1 & z ! plants are set cov] ! soil ar\nd !m to a dep? ( #b in*es1 br++ ! mul*+ mat]ial up close to ! plant1 b be+ c>eful to all[ none to get into ! he>t4 ,apply ! mul* be=e wat]+1 if possible4 ,:]e cel]y is plant$ 9 s+le r[s & mul*$ x w only be necess>y to ma9ta9 %all[ cultivation betwe5 ! r[s1 n all[+ ! cultivator tee? to come ne>] ! plants ?an ! edge ( ! mul*4 ,:]e no mul* is us$ ! cultivation may be c>ri$ a little clos] to ! plants1 b %\ld be v %all[1 & at no "t %\ld deep cultivation be practic$1 z ! roots are to be f\nd v ne> ! surface ( ! soil4 ,if a mul* is us$ no h& cultivation w be requir$1 ei!r along ! side or betwe5 ! plants 9 ! r[1 except to pull any we$s t may spr+ up4 ,:]e no mul* is us$ x w be necess>y lightly to /ir ! surface ) a :eel hoe or iron rake1 to prev5t a cru/ be+ =m$ aft] ea* ra9 or wat]+4 ,keep ! surface ( ! soil smoo? & 9 no case all[ lumps ( e>? to rema9 ne> ! plants4 ,blan*+4--,9 its orig9al wild /ate ! /ems ( cel]y are t\gh1 full ( woody /r&s1 ( a rank flavor1 & gre5 9 color1 be+ simil> to ! outside /ems or trimm+s ( our pres5t v>ieties4 ,! object ( blan*+ is to secure leaf/alks free f woody /r&s1 crisp & t5d]1 & )\t ! rank flavor f\nd 9 ^? t are gre54 ,( ! cultivat$ plant !re are two classes ( v>ieties1 ! l>ge-gr[+1 or giant1 & ! dw>f sorts4 ,^! are aga9 divid$ into ^? :i* mu/ be blan*$ by exclud+ all ! light & ^? :i* are 9 a measure self-blan*+4 ,( ! =m] ! ,giant ,pascal v>iety is a type1 & ( ! latt] ! ,gold5 ,self-,blan*+ v>iety is a good illu/ration4 ,blan*+ is accompli%$ by ! same g5]al me?od t is employ$ = de/roy+ ! color+ matt] 9 any plant tissue1 t is1 by exclud+ ! light & all[+ ! gr[? to proce$ 9 ! d>k4 ,! p>ticul> me?od to be adopt$ mu/ be det]m9$ l>gely by ! "t :5 ! crop is to be us$4 ,if = e>ly use or m>ket+1 ! blan*+ mu/ be complet$ :]e ! plants are gr[n2 b if ! cel]y be = w9t] use ! blan*+ may take place aft] ! crop has be5 remov$ f ! field & plac$ 9 /orage4 ,9 fact1 x is be/ to blan* z little z possible be=e /or+ :5 ! product is to be kept until late1 z ! keep+ qualities are bett] :ile x is unblan*$4 ,:5 plant+ = e>ly use x is necess>y to *oose "o ( ! self-blan*+ v>ieties1 su* z may be conv5i5tly blan*$ by ! use ( bo>ds or o!r simil> means4 ,= e>ly blan*+ on a small scale1 su* z w\ld be employ$ on ! f>m or 9 ! g>d5 ( ! amateur horticulturi/1 !re are sev]al me?ods4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common is by means ( bo>ds plac$ on edge along ea* side ( ! r[4 ,aft] ! bo>ds are 9 position x is a good plan to run a cel]y hill] betwe5 ! r[s & to ?r[ a little soil aga9/ ! l[] edges ( ! bo>ds to close any op5+s t may result f ! unev5 surface ( ! soil4 ,two or ?ree weeks' "t w be requir$ to complete ! blan*+ ( ! e>ly v>ieties1 & ! bo>ds mu/ be kept 9 position until ! crop is remov$ f ! gr\nd1 aft] :i* !y may be us$ aga9 two or ?ree times dur+ ! season4 ,if ! cel]y is all[$ to rema9 9 ! bo>ds too long aft] x has rea*$ a m>ketable /age1 x loses 9 weight & flavor & is liable to be injur$ or ev5 de/roy$ by ! attacks ( blight4 ,?is is especially true dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ! season1 :5 ! wea!r is w>m4 ,at ! end ( ! season ! bo>ds %\ld be pil$ flat1 ) /rips ins]t$ at e f\r? or fif? c\rse1 & ! :ole pile ro($ ov] to %$ (f ra92 treat$ 9 ?is mann] !y w la/ f t5 to twelve ye>s4 ,p]haps ! mo/ satisfactory way ( blan*+ e>ly cel]y on a small scale is by means ( ord9>y f>m dra9 tiles ( ab\t #d in*es inside diamet]1 plac$ ov] ! plants aft] !y h become almo/ fully gr[n4 ,to facilitate ! "w ( plac+ ! tiles ov] ! plants1 "s ( ! outside leaves %\ld be pull$ away & ! ma9 "p ( ! plant loosely ti$ toge!r by means ( a s(t /r+1 or1 bett]1 ) :at is kn[n z pap] tw9e1 be+ a /r+ made by twi/+ a /rip ( s(t pap]4 ,?is /r+ w lose its /r5g? z soon z x becomes wet1 & w (f] no resi/ance to ! fur!r gr[? ( ! plant4 ,if ! common1 unglaz$ tiles are us$ ! evaporation f _! surface has a t5d5cy to keep ! plant cool dur+ ! heat ( ! day1 & a v crisp & t5d] product is ! result4 ,?is me?od ( blan*+ is desirable also on acc\nt ( its cleanl9ess1 z cel]y treat$ 9 ?is way w ne$ v little wa%+ be=e m>ket+4 ,! mo/ common me?od = blan*+ cel]y on a small scale is t ( bank+ ) soil1 & x is by ?is means t ! f9e/ flavor c be obta9$4 ,:]e ! plants are set 9 s+le r[s ! soil c (t5 be p>tially ?r[n up by means ( a pl[1 or1 bett]1 by a cel]y hill]4 ,be=e ! pl[ or bank+ ma*9e is us$ a small quantity ( dirt mu/ be plac$ ar\nd ! plants by h& to hold !m 9 position :ile ! e>? is be+ ?r[n ar\nd !m4 ,?is may also be accompli%$ by ty+ up ! plants ) pap] tw9e1 z previ\sly recomm5d$ = use 9 connection ) tiles4 ,/or+4--,! plan usually adopt$ :]e b a small quantity ( cel]y is to be /or$ = w9t] use is to bank up ) e>? & cov] ! plants :]e gr[n4 ,place en\gh e>? ar\nd ! base ( ! plants to hold !m 9 good =m1 & !n all[ !m to rema9 )\t any fur!r bank+ z long z !re is n dang] ( a h>d fro/4 ,cel]y may be safely /or$ 9 cell>s provid$ ! temp]ature is kept l[ & pl5ty ( v5tilation ma9ta9$4 ,! w>m? & dampness ( ! ord9>y cell> h a t5d5cy to cause ! cel]y to decay1 b ^! conditions c frequ5tly be ov]come4 ,cel]y w readily absorb any odor t may be pres5t 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! /orage place1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 to provide sanit>y conditions4 ,:5 /or+ 9 a cell>1 ! plants %\ld h mo/ ( _! roots atta*$1 & a b$ ( moi/ s& 9 :i* to set !m %\ld be provid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cel]y ,,bank$ ,,) ,,e>? ,,to ,,blan* ,,x ,prep>+ ,cel]y = ,m>ket4--,9 prep>+ x f ! r[s :]e gr[n1 x is n necess>y to remove ! entire root f ! e>?1 b x may be cut (f j bel[ ! surface ( ! soil by means ( a /iff knife4 ,remove ! outside leaves & trim ! root ev5ly1 pack 9 boxes1 & load on ! wagon = removal to ! wa%+ h\se4 ,! blan*+ bo>ds %\ld n be remov$ till necess>y1 & ! trimm$ cel]y mu/ n be all[$ to lie expos$ to ! sun or w9d = any l5g? ( "t4 ,x is well also to h a piece ( canvas to protect ! cel]y :ile x is on ! wagon on ! way to ! wa%+ h\se4 ,9 m>ket+ f ! tr5*es ! process is practically ! same z f ! r[s1 except t ! cel]y is already loos5$ f ! soil & ! roots c be remov$ m easily4 ,^u rea*+ ! wa%+ room ! cel]y is plac$ ^u a rack consi/+ ( wood5 slats ov] a l>ge tr\gh & subject$ to a spray ( cold wat] to cool x & to remove ! adh]+ soil4 ,aft] wa%+1 x is all[$ to dra92 !n x is ti$ 9 bun*es ( #ab or m plants ea*1 accord+ to ! size4 ,! bun*es are pack$ #f 9 a box = fir/-grade cel]y & #h or #i = second or ?ird grades4 ,^! boxes %\ld be practically air-tight1 & a l9+ ( pap] %\ld be plac$ 9 !m be=e pack+ ! cel]y1 or ea* bun* %\ld be wrapp$ sep>ately4 ,! cel]y %\ld be ne>ly dry be=e x is plac$ 9 ! boxes1 & ?r\gh\t ! entire h&l+ mu/ be kept z cool z possible4 ,sanit>y ,conditions4--,x is ess5tial t ! cel]y %\ld be wa%$ 9 pure wat] to prev5t ! transmission ( disease g]ms4 ,any g]m1 su* z t produc+ typhoid fev]1 :i* is f\nd 9 contam9at$ wat]1 is readily c>ri$ to ! dige/ive sy/em ( ! consum]1 & may or may n produce an attack ( ! disease1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! p]son to resi/ x4 ,! wa%h\se & its surr\nd+s %\ld be kept clean & free f any decompos+ mat]ials4 ,%ipp]s & deal]s alike lose sight ( ! fact t ! edible portion ( cel]y is con/antly be+ expos$ to ! contam9at+ effects ( dirty wagons1 unclean c>s1 & du/y m>kets4 ,_m p]sons h discont9u$ ! use ( cel]y on acc\nt ( ! unclean condition 9 :i* x is s]v$4 ,?is /atem5t holds good = all vegetables t are s]v$ 9 ! raw /ate1 b x is especially applicable to cel]y4 ,e/imates ( ,returns4--,anyone contemplat+ mak+ a />t 9 cel]y gr[+ w d well to fir/ inve/igate ! m>ket prospects1 & unless satisfactory %ipp+ arrangem5ts c be made be=eh& ! crop %\ld be plant$ only on a small scale = "o or two ye>s1 until a local trade c be e/abli%$4 ,x is fair to e/imate a return ( #a1ejj doz5 f #a acre2 & ?is %\ld br+ #be c5ts p] doz51 at ! l[e/ av]age e/imate2 ?is w yield a gross income ( #cge to ! acre1 leav+ a net balance ( #abe to cov] ! int]e/ on ! inve/m5t & ! pr(it4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! gr[]s :o are mak+ a success ( cel]y rais+--& _m are do+ s--receive a net pr(it ( #ajj an acre ov] & above ! int]e/ on ! inve/m5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 hundr$s ( acres are gr[n annually :i* d n mu* m ?an pay exp5ses1 b ?is is due to ! fact t ! soil has become exhau/$ & ! product is consequ5tly und]siz$ & inf]ior4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #bhb2 ,cornell ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,colo4 ,e4 ,s4 #add47 ,,cetewayo1 ,,or ,,zulu1 ,,potatoes4 ,! ,cetewayo1 or ,zulu1 potato1 a wild v>iety ( ,solanum tub]osum f\nd 9 ,africa1 is sometimes gr[n z a g>d5 vegetable = its flavor & novelty4 ,x has practically ! same p]c5tage composition z ! ord9>y potato4 ,:5 cook$1 ! fle% is purple 9 color1 b :5 br\ght 9 contact ) v9eg>1 z 9 salads1 x turns r$4--7,f4 ,b4 #bie47 ,,! ,,*ayote4 ,! *ayote sugge/s ! cucumb] r ?an any o!r ( ! cultivat$ plants ( ! same family1 b is a l>g] & m vigor\s plant1 climb+ widely by means ( num]\s bran*$ t5drils4 ,:5 gr[n "u ord9>y g>d5 conditions ! cultural requirem5ts ( ! *ayote may be said to be two 9 numb]3 7#a7 ,a some:at %elt]$ situation & 7#b7 some?+ to climb ^u4 ,:ile ! v9e w n refuse to gr[ )\t ^! advantages1 ! results w n be satisfactory4 ,l _m climb+ plants1 ! *ayote is v susceptible to injury f ! w9d1 :ile1 unlike _m ,cucurbitaceae1 x does n seem to take k9dly to creep+ ^u ! gr\nd1 at lea/ 9 ! ,tropics4 ,9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w ! *ayote has be5 f\nd to gr[ ^u a great v>iety ( soils1 ?\gh x is g5]ally consid]$ to ?rive be/ 9 a loose s&y or loamy sub/ratum1 provid+ suffici5t humus or o!r f]tiliz+ mat]ial be at h&4 ,al?\gh x has be5 f\nd possible to secure plants f ! se$ :5 plant$ alone1 or ev5 f ! embryo :5 c>efully extract$ f its se$ coats1 x is ! univ]sal practice to plant ! entire fruit4 ,! fruit %\ld be ga!r$ be=e fully matur$1 because ( ! t5d5cy to g]m9ate4 ,x is l ! cucumb]1 edible at any /age ( gr[?1 & may be pick$ :5 l>ge en\gh4 ,! *ayote is a good %ipp] & may be %ipp$ 9 bulk 9 vegetable crates1 wrapp$ & well pack$2 cold /orage w n be necess>y4--7,dept4 ,ag41 ,div4 ( ,botany #bh2 ,p4 ,rico ,a4 ,e4 ,s4 #g74 ,,*]vil4 ,"u ! "n ( *]vil two di/9ct plants1 kn[n z salad *]vil & ! turnip-root$ *]vil1 are cultivat$4 ,! se$s ( ! salad *]vil are s[n 9 spr+ & ! crop w ?rive on any good g>d5 soil4 ,! se$s ( ! turnip-root$ *]vil %\ld be s[n 9 ! e>ly autumn1 b !y w n g]m9ate until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! edible "p ( ?is plant is ! root1 :i* some:at resembles ! c>rot & is us$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! leaves are us$ ! same z p>sley = g>ni%+ & 9 flavor+ s\ps4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,*icory4 ,*icory is gr[n = two or ?ree purposes4 ,! root ( ?is plant is ! common adult]ant ( c(fee1 & l>ge quantities are us$ = ?is purpose4 ,! comm]cial gr[+ ( *icory is conf9$ to a few sections1 z ! crop w n ?rive on e k9d ( soil4 ,a deep1 ri* loam1 )\t excessive am\nts ( clay or s&1 is desirable1 & soil t is n too ri* 9 nitrog5\s matt] is be/ suit$ to ! production ( roots4 ,! roots are frequ5tly plac$ 9 soil "u a gre5h\se b5* or 9 a w>m cell> & cov]$ ) a foot or m ( /raw1 or ) a light cov]+ ( /raw & !n sev]al in*es ( w>m manure4 ,"u ?is cov]+ ! leaves w be =m$ 9 a solid head1 :i* is kn[n on ! m>ket z witlo(4 ,*icory has run wild 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry & is consid]$ a bad we$4 ,! h&some blue fl[]s1 :i* are borne ! second season1 are v attractive4 ,z a pot h]b *icory is us$ l sp9a*1 b ! leaves %\ld be boil$ 9 two wat]s to remove ! bitt] ta/e4 ,z a salad ! roots are dug 9 ! autumn & plant$ 9 cell>s or "u a gre5h\se b5*1 :]e !y produce an abundance ( blan*$ leaves1 :i* are eat5 raw4 ,! blan*$ leaves are also boil$ & us$ z gre5s4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,u4 ,idaho ,e4 ,s4 #aj47 ,,*ile4 ,! *ile is us$ 9 _m diff]5t ways & x is q an important article ( food among ! ,spani% speak+ population 9 ! ,s\?we/ & 9 ,mexico4 ,x is eat5 bo? 9 ! gre5 & ripe /ate4 ,x may be gr[n on ridges or 9 level plats4 ,! =m] me?od is ! m common 9 ,new ,mexico4 ,9 ! spr+ aft] ! gr\nd has be5 pl[$ & level$ 7! pl[+ ( ! l& c be done 9 ! fall or w9t]7 & j a little be=e plant+ ! ridges are made4 ,^! ridges may v>y 9 height f #h to #ab in*es4 ,x is bett] to irrigate ! ridges be=e plant+1 ?\gh ?is is n always done4 ,! object ( irrigat+ be=e plant+ is to get ! wat] m>k on ! side ( ! ridges & to settle ! newly pl[$ soil some:at4 ,z soon z ! soil is dry en\gh s x c be work$1 :i* is g5]ally f f\r to sev5 days1 ! se$ is plant$ usually on "o side ( ! ridge & j above ! wat] m>k4 ,! se$ is plant$ by h& 9 hills ab\t e two feet 9 ! r[4 ,! *ile does n /& freez+ wea!r1 ?\gh x w /& a little m cold ?an tomatoes4 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( int5d+ *ile gr[]s ! foll[+ table :i* gives ! numb] ( hills p] acre at diff]5t di/ances has be5 prep>$3 ,numb] ( ,di/ance4 ,hills p] ,acre4 #c-a_/b feet betwe5 r[s #b feet 9 ! r[ #fbbb #c-a_/b feet betwe5 r[s #b-a_/b feet 9 ! r[ #digh #d feet betwe5 r[s #b feet 9 ! r[ #edde #d feet betwe5 r[s #b-a_/b feet 9 ! r[ #dcef ,plant+4--,! se$ is plant$ on ! side ( ! ridge1 :5 ! ridge me?od is practic$4 ,! s\!rn exposure ( ! ridge is always pref]able s9ce ?is is usually w>m] & ! g]m9ation1 o!r factors be+ uni=m1 is quick]4 ,if level culture is practic$ !re is no *oice ( exposure4 ,:atev] me?od ( plant+ is foll[$ c>e %\ld be tak5 n to bury ! se$ too deeply4 ,z a g5]al ?+ ! se$ %\ld n be deep] ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* to an in* & a half4 ,%all[] plant+1 if ! moi/ure is kept normal1 w give quick] & bett] g]m9ation4 ,m se$ is requir$ p] acre :5 ! plant+ is done by h& on ! ridges ?an :5 x is drill$ ) a g>d5 drill 9 plats4 ,?9n+4--,*ile />t$ f se$ plant$ 9 ! field mu/ be ?9n$ to "o or ?ree plants to ! hill4 ,:5 ! *ile has be5 ?9n$ out prop]ly ! plant or plants 9 ! hill bran* out consid]ably & produce a heavi] & bett] crop4 ,if too _m plants are left to ! hill !re is a m>k$ t5d5cy = ! plants to gr[ too tall & m or less top heavy4 ,! *ile is ?9n$ out :5 ab\t #c to #e in*es high4 ,if a good g]m9ation takes place x is m difficult to ?9 ! *ile1 because !re are m small plants to ! hill to be pull$ out4 ,c>e %\ld be _h 9 select+ ! /ronge/ plants 9 ! hill & 9 injur+ z little z possible ! roots ( ^? :i* rema94 ,:ile ! common way ( gr[+ *ile is to plant ! se$ out 9 ! field 9 ! spr+1 x c also be gr[n by />t+ ! plants 9 cold frames e>ly 9 ! season & transplant+ to ! field z soon z dang] ( fro/ is ov]4 ,irrigation4--,aft] ! irrigations to get ! crop />t$ h be5 giv51 ! frequ5cy ( ! subsequ5t irrigations dep5ds ^u ! wea!r & soil conditions1 & = t reason no specific /atem5t c be made j :5 & h[ (t5 ! *ile %\ld be irrigat$4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is important to keep 9 m9d1 & t is t ! *ile plant keeps be>+ z long z x is gr[+4 ,if ! gr[? %\ld be *eck$ by ! lack ( irrigation ! plant /ops be>+ & ! blossoms & ! v small pods are likely to drop (f4 ,! gr[] himself %\ld /udy 8 local conditions & decide = himself :5 & h[ mu* to irrigate4 ,:ile ! *ile plant resi/s consid]able dr\ght1 at ! same "t1 x %\ld n be all[$ to suff] f ! lack ( irrigation4 ,:5 ! *ile is gr[n on ridges ! space betwe5 ! ridges %\ld be all[$ to fill ) wat] almo/ up to ! plant4 ,if ! wat] is simply turn$ 9 & all[$ to ru% d[n ! furr[ to ! o!r end ! ridges w rema9 practically dry1 necessitat+ frequ5t irrigations to keep ! plants f suff]+4 ,9 irrigat+ ! *ile on ridges always aim to hold ! wat] long en\gh 9 ! furr[ = ! ridges to get fairly well soak$ ?r\gh4 ,9 ! level plat ! irrigation is m simple & ! soil ar\nd ea* hill gets wet suffici5tly :ile ! wat] is runn+ d[n to ! end ( ! plat4 ,:5 ! plats are q long & are made up ( a s]ies ( squ>es z soon z ea* squ>e is fill$ ) wat] ! bord]1 divid+ t squ>e f ! next "o1 is cut & ! wat] ru%es into ! next squ>e :i* is treat$ ! same z ! "o be=e4--7,n4 ,mex4 ,col4 ,ag4 & ,me*4 ,arts #fg47 ,,*ive4 ,?is is a small onion-l plant hav+ flat1 holl[ leaves :i* are us$ = flavor+ s\ps4 ,! *ive r>ely =ms se$s1 & x is propagat$ by ! bulbs1 :i* gr[ 9 clu/]s4 ,! leaves may be cut freely & are soon replac$ by o!rs4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fh47 ,,citron4 ,! citron is a type ( wat]melon ) solid fle% :i* is us$ = pres]ves & sweet pickles4 ,! r9d ( ! wat]melon is frequ5tly sub/itut$ = citron4 ,! cultivation ( ! citron is ! same z = ! wat]melon4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,u4 ,idaho ,e4 ,s4 #aj47 ,,coll>ds4 ,! culture & uses ( coll>ds are ! same z = cabbage & kale4 ,coll>ds )/& ! heat bett] ?an ei!r cabbage or kale1 & a type kn[n z ,georgia coll>ds is highly e/eem$ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,coll>ds d n =m a true head1 b in/ead a loose rosette ( leaves1 :i*1 :5 blan*$1 are v t5d] & ( delicate flavor4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,u4 ,idaho ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,p4 ,rico ,a4 ,e4 ,s4 #g47 ,,corn ,,salad4 ,corn salad is also kn[n z lamb's-lettuce & fetticus4 ,s[ ! se$ dur+ ! e>ly spr+ 9 drills #ad to #ah in*es ap>t & cultivate ! same z = lettuce or mu/>d4 ,= an extra e>ly crop ! se$ may be plant$ dur+ ! autumn & ! plants cov]$ lightly dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ! cov]+ w n be necess>y & ! plants w be ready = use dur+ ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,! leaves are frequ5tly us$ 9 _! natural gre5 /ate1 b !y may be blan*$ by cov]+ ! r[s ) any?+ t w exclude ! light4 ,corn salad is us$ z a salad 9 place ( lettuce1 or mix$ ) lettuce or wat] cress4 ,! flavor ( corn salad is v mild1 & x is improv$ by mix+ ) "s o!r salad plant = use4 ,x is also boil$ ) mu/>d = gre5s4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,cress4 ,"u ! "n ( cress !re are two =ms1 ! wat] cress & ! upl& cress4 ,! upl& cress1 sometimes call$ pepp]grass1 is easily gr[n f se$ s[n 9 drills a foot ap>t4 ,z ! plants la/ b a %ort "t1 x w be necess>y to make a s[+ e few days if a cont9u\s supply is desir$4 ,wat] cress c be gr[n all ! ye> 9 small op5 dit*es conta9+ runn+ spr+ wat]4 ,x is be/ & mo/ easily produc$ 9 wat] f r w>m spr+s 9 lime/one regions4 ,a suffici5t supply = family use c be gr[n 9 a small spr+-f$ brook1 & ! plants may be />t$ ei!r f small pieces ( plants or f se$4 ,cress is us$ 9 salads1 to :i* x imp>ts a pleasant pung5cy4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,u4 ,idaho ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,p4 ,rico ,a4 ,e4 ,s4 #g47 ,,cucumb]s4 ,soil4--,! soil be/ adapt$ to ! cultivation ( cucumb]s 9 ! op5 is a light s&y loam1 "o :i* responds quickly to temp]ature & f]tiliz]4 ,su* soils are prep>$ e>ly 9 ! season & ?r[n into g5tle undulations1 s z to produce slight ridges ^u :i* to plant ! se$ to insure good surface dra9age4 ,f]tiliz]s4--,! soil = cucumb]s %\ld be made v ri* by ! annual application ( heavy dress+s ( /able manure to be incorporat$ ) ! soil4 ,dur+ ! "t x is n occupi$ by cucumb]s or lettuce1 c[peas are frequ5tly gr[n ^u ! area & turn$ "u prior to plant+ a fall crop ( lettuce4 ,9 addition to ?is1 lib]al applications ( a f]tiliz] c>ry+ a consid]able p]c5tage ( nitrog5 are employ$4 ,plant+4--,!re are almo/ z _m me?ods ( plant+ cucumb]s z !re are gr[]s4 ,"s plant 9 hills ! /&>d di/ance ( #f feet ap>t ea* way2 o!rs plant 9 hills #f feet ap>t 9 "o direction & #b or #c feet ap>t 9 ! r[1 :ile o!rs plant 9 drills or broad belts #f feet ap>t & *op out ! plants to /& ab\t a foot ap>t 9 ! r[ aft] all dang] f insect depr$ation has ceas$4 ,! me?ods :i* seem mo/ economical "u ! conditions at h& w ( c\rse be adopt$ by ! gr[]4 ,9 outdoor culture ! cucumb] is frequ5tly us$ z a companion crop to o!r crops1 l beans4 ,beans be+ ( rapid gr[? come on quickly & =m a p>tial protection or w9d-break = ! "y cucumb] plants4 ,:5 arrang$ 9 ?is way1 cucumb]s are plant$ 9 drills or 9 hills #f feet ap>t & a r[ ( beans is plac$ betwe5 two r[s ( cucumb]s1 a me?od :i* insures a v complete & satisfactory use ( ! gr\nd4 ,! quick maturity ( ! beans all[s !m to be h>ve/$ & entirely remov$ f ! area be=e x is requir$ = ! cucumb]s4 ,h>ve/+4--,cucumb]s int5d$ = pickl+ purposes are h>ve/$ :5 !y h atta9$ a l5g? ( f #b-a_/b to #e in*es4 ,because su* cucumb]s are b\ght by weight x w readily be se5 t ! small-siz$ pickles are less pr(itable to ! gr[] ?an ! l>g] ones1 & 9 ord] to secure !m be=e !y h atta9$ an unsalable size x is necess>y t ! pick+ be repeat$ at frequ5t int]vals1 z cucumb]s gr[ rapidly & a delay ( tw5ty-f\r to =ty-eight h\rs 9 h>ve/+ w\ld r5d] _m ( !m unsalable4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to h regul> int]vals to h>ve/ c]ta9 areas ( ! pat* & to cont9ue ?is r\t9e ?r\gh\t ! be>+ season4 ,ano!r po9t :i* is ( prime importance 9 ! managem5t ( ! cucumb] pat* is t none ( ! fruits be all[$ to come to maturity4 ,! rip5+ process1 :i* means ! developm5t & matur+ ( ! se$s1 produces a heavy /ra9 ^u ! gr[+ plant1 ! life & yield ( ! plant be+ 9 proportion to ! numb] ( fruits :i* are all[$ to rip54 ,if no fruits are all[$ to come to maturity ! plants w rema9 gre5 & 9 an active vegetative condition long] & w produce a mu* l>g] aggregate numb] ( fruits4 ,dill ,pickles4--,dill pickles1 :i* are mu* priz$ & comm& ! highe/ price among pickles1 c be made f fre% cucumb]s z !y come f ! v9es1 or f vat /ock :i* has be5 c>ri$ = "s "t at ! salt+ /ation4 ,cucumb]s ,gr[n 9 ,cold ,frames = ,m>ket4--,soil = use 9 cold frames %\ld be a well-enri*$ s&y loam ( ! type ( ! usual s&y loam4 ,if x c be d>k 9 color1 ?is is an advantage4 ,if normally light1 ! color c be *ang$ by ! addition ( muck or by incorporat+ well-decompos$ /able manure ) ! surface soil4 ,a d>k color is ( "s advantage 9 help+ to raise ! temp]ature 9 ! frames "u ! glass4 ,wat]+4--,s9ce ! glaz$ sa% prev5t ! soil b5ea? !m be+ moi/5$ by natural means--t is1 by ra9 or dew--x is necess>y t means be provid$ = wat]+ or irrigat+ ! plants4 ,?is c be done by arrang+ pipes ^u ! surface ( ! gr\nd or at a conv5i5t height ov]head1 s z n to int]f]e ) cultivation1 f :i* wat] c be drawn to spr9kle ! surface ( ! b$s at desir$ int]vals & z ! plants may require4 ,! "w ( wat]+ %\ld1 h[ev]1 be v c>efully done4 ,! same g5]al precautions necess>y = ! c>e ( plants 9 cold frames %\ld be obs]v$--t is1 to d ! wat]+ 9 ! morn+ on bright days only1 :5 air c be admitt$ & :5 ! sun w soon dry ! moi/ure f ! leaves ( ! plants4 ,9 ?is way mu* c be done to protect ! plants f injury f su* diseases z ! damp+-(f fungus & mildew4 ,illu/ration3 ,,japanese ,,climb+ ,,cucumb] ,,ne>ly ,,six ,,feet ,,f ,,! ,,gr\nd ,illu/ration3 ,,well-,,gr[n ,,cucumb]s ,v5tilation4--,besides ! precautions to be obs]v$ 9 wat]+ plants 9 cold frames1 extreme c>e is necess>y to give ! plants suffici5t air to keep !m 9 a heal?y condition4 ,if ! atmosph]e is all[$ to become close & v hot1 ! plants w be weak5$ & ?us r5d]$ m susceptible to ! attacks ( plant diseases4 ,=c+ ,cucumb]s ,"u ,glass4--,=c+ is a te*nical t]m us$ by g>d5]s to designate ! gr[+ ( plants out ( _! normal season "u an artificial environm5t4 ,! cucumb] is "o ( ! few g>d5 plants :i* l5d !mselves to ?is mann] ( cultivation 9 addition to _! m ext5sive cultivation 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,"u ! /imulus ( =c+ "w1 two di/9ct types ( cucumb]s h be5 develop$4 ,^! are recogniz$ 9 ! trade z ! ,engli% type & ! ,am]ican type4 ,! ,engli% type is purely a product ( =c+-h\se conditions1 z ! climate ( ,engl& is n cong5ial to ! gr[? & developm5t ( ! cucumb] 9 ! op54 ,! ,am]ican type ( cucumb] is prim>ily a product ( field conditions1 & ! few v>ieties :i* h be5 develop$ to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! =c+ h\se are simply modifications ( ! exi/+ field or outdoor =ms4 ,! ,engli% type ( cucumb] is a long1 cyl9drical1 uni=mly gre5 fruit1 ) few se$s & a v fle%y se$ cavity2 9 fact1 ! normal se$ cavity ( ! =c$ cucumb] is almo/ entirely want+4 ,! triangul> %ape *>act]i/ic ( ! normal outdoor cucumb] has be5 lo/1 & ! cyl9drical outl9e almo/ p]fect$4 ,!re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! size & l5g? ( ! v>i\s ,engli% v>ieties ( cucumb]s4 ,! ,am]ican type ( cucumb] is prim>ily gr[n 9 ! field1 ! product to be us$ ei!r = pickl+ or = slic+4 ,=c+ cucumb]s 9 ,am]ica is conf9$ to ^? v>ieties :i* produce l>ge fruits suitable = slic+4 ,only ?ree or f\r ( ! bett] & l>g] field v>ieties are adapt$ to ?is purpose4 ,notable among ^! is ! ,:ite ,sp9e1 ! ,arl+ton ,:ite ,sp9e be+ ! v>iety :i* has be5 especially develop$ = =c+4 ,! ,long ,gre51 or a modification ( x1 is also sometimes us$1 b aside f ^! two v>ieties !re are few t ev] f9d _! way into ! =c+ h\se4 ,su* v>ieties z ! ,bo/on ,pickl+1 ,*icago ,pickl+1 & ! clu/] v>ieties 9 g5]al are n adapt$ to =c+ purposes4 ,! =c+ ( cucumb]s presupposes t an adequate =c+ h\se or gre5h\se is at h& = su* "w4 ,! *ief desid]atum 9 a =c+ h\se = cucumb]s is a maximum am\nt ( light1 suffici5t headroom1 & adequate radiation to ma9ta9 a temp]ature v>y+ f #fe to #he ,f4 ,! am\nt ( radiation w1 ( c\rse1 dep5d ^u ! /yle ( heat+ employ$1 :e!r /eam or hot wat]1 & ^u ! location ( ! gre5h\se1 :e!r at ! nor? or ! s\?2 ! outside temp]ature det]m9+ to a consid]able ext5t ! am\nt ( radiation requir$ 9 ! h\se to ma9ta9 a giv5 degree ( heat4 ,propagation4--,!re are a numb] ( me?ods ( propagation foll[$ by successful cucumb] gr[]s1 all ( :i* h "s advantages4 ,?ree ( ! m common practices are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,to plant ! se$s ( cucumb]s 9 ! soil ( ! b5* :]e ! plants are to gr[ & mature2 7#b7 to plant ! se$s ( ! cucumb]s 9 #c-;in* or #d-;in* pots fill$ ab\t half full ( soil & aft] ! se$s h g]m9at$ & ! hypocotyl or /em ( ! se$l+ has elongat$ to fill ! pots well up to ! se$ leaves ) soil2 & 7#c7 to plant ! se$s 9 cups simil> to ^? us$ = h>ve/+ /rawb]ries1 except t ! cups = ?is purpose are usually made ( ,georgia p9e4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 :]e ! se$s are plant$ directly 9 ! soil on ! b5*es1 cucumb]s are usually employ$ z a crop to foll[ lettuce1 se$s be+ plant$ 9 ! lettuce b5*es be=e ! crop is entirely remov$1 heads ( lettuce be+ tak5 out at prop] di/ances to all[ = ! correct spac+ ( ! cucumb] plants1 & ! se$s ( cucumb]s plant$ 9 ! areas s left4 ,9 ! o!r two cases ! re>+ ( ! plants = =c+ purposes c be c>ri$ on 9 a small h\se especially design$ = ?is purpose or 9 a g5]al propagat+ h\se1 ?us obviat+ ! necessity ( heat+ & ma9ta9+ normal conditions 9 ! gr[+ h\se dur+ ! p]iod previ\s to :i* ! plants beg9 to run4 ,plant+ on ! ,b5*es4--,z soon z ! plants %[ well-develop$ runn]s & are #aj to #ab in*es long !y %\ld be plac$ 9 _! p]man5t position ^u ! gre5h\se b5*es4 ,plants gr[n 9 pots mu/ be c>efully remov$ f ^! receptacles to ! b5*1 b ^? gr[n 9 ! wood5 cups above ref]r$ to c be plant$1 cup & all1 9 ! soil ( ! b5*4 ,! utmo/ c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to keep ! plants ( ! cucumb] gr[+ rapidly at all times4 ,if cucumb]s receive a sev]e *eck or are plac$ "u conditions :i* are n entirely cong5ial to !m1 !y are liable to become dw>f$ & /unt$1 & z soon z vigor\s gr[? ceases !y become ! prey ( ! melon aphis1 mildew1 & o!r pe/s & diseases :i* are s annoy+ to gr[]s ( cucumb]s "u artificial conditions4 ,di/ance to ,plant4--,aft] ! plants h atta9$ a height ( #aj or #ab in*es & are 9 a vigor\s gr[+ condition !y %\ld be plac$ ab\t #ae or #ah in*es ap>t 9 s+le r[s ^u ! side b5*es ( ! gre5h\se1 :i* are normally #c-a_/b feet wide1 or if plant$ on #h-;foot b5*es !y %\ld be plant$ ab\t #aj or #ab in*es f ! edge ( ! b5* & #ae to #ah in*es ap>t & p>allel ) ! edge ( ! b5*4 ,9 ! broad b5*es1 :]e m ?an a d\ble r[ c be c>ri$1 plants c be set ab\t #ah in*es ap>t & 9 r[s ab\t #b feet ap>t4 ,a satisfactory plan = an #h-;foot b5* w be a r[ p>allel ) & #aj in*es f ea* edge ( ! b5* & a d\ble r[ #ah in*es ap>t ?r\gh ! middle ( ! b5*4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to all[ z mu* space z possible4 ,! cucumb] is a rank-gr[+ plant & _m side bran*es w develop if suffici5t space is all[$4 ,tra9+ ! ,plants4--,z soon z ! plants %[ a t5d5cy to run !y %\ld be tra9$ s z to keep !m f becom+ unduly tangl$ & 9 ord] to fill all ! space ^u ! trellis4 ,galvaniz$ wires ,no4 #af c be run l5g?wise ( ! h\se & /apl$ to ! supports1 :i* %\ld be plac$ ab\t #f feet ap>t4 ,^u side b5*es :i* are elevat$ x w be necess>y to tra9 ! cucumb]s to ! framework ( ! gre5h\se4 ,= ?is purpose screw eyes ab\t #h in*es 9 l5g? c be plac$ 9 ! sa% b>s at int]vals ( #d or #e feet & ! p>allel wires to :i* ! v9es are to be ti$ /ret*$ #ab in*es ap>t l5g?wise ( ! h\se ?r\gh ^! screw eyes & firmly fa/5$ at ! ends4 ,! v9es %\ld !n be loosely ti$ to ! support+ wires ) raffia or s(t cotton y>n4 ,:5 ! fruits become heavy1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,engli% v>ieties1 x w become necess>y to truss !m to prev5t _! weight break+ ! v9es4 ,heavy fruits w cause ! support+ wires or b&s ( raffia to break or girdle ! v9es unless !y are support$ indep5d5tly4 ,! ,am]ican v>ieties seldom atta9 suffici5t size to require ?is precaution4 ,fruits ( ^! v>ieties z soon z !y are #h to #aj in*es 9 l5g? & #b in*es 9 diamet] are h>ve/$ = m>ket4 ,! v9es are usually suffici5tly /rong to )/& ! weight ( fruit ( ?is size4 ,poll9ation4--,! cucumb]1 l ! o!r memb]s ( ! g\rd family to :i* x belongs1 be>s two k9ds ( blossoms on widely sep>at$ p>ts ( ! plant4 ,! /am9ate or nonfruit-be>+ fl[] is ! fir/ to appe> & is 9 g5]al borne ne> ! base ( ! plant4 ,! pi/illate blossom ) ! embryo cucumb]s at its base appe>s lat] & is borne ne> ! extremity ( ! newly =m+ & rapidly gr[+ %oots4 ,s9ce ^! fl[]s are normally produc$ 9 ?is way1 x is necess>y t a transf] ( poll5 be made f ! /am9ate to ! pi/illate fl[]s ?r\gh\t ! ag5cy ( insects or by o!r artificial means4 ,"u gre5h\se conditions & at ! "t ( ye> t ! cucumb] is =c$ x is necess>y to provide = poll9ation4 ,9 small e/abli%m5ts ?is "w c be done by h&4 ,! /am9ate blossoms are remov$1 ! petals turn$ back s z to all[ ! an!rs to project1 & ! p5cil ?us produc$ is !n ?ru/ into ! cup ( ! pi/illate fl[] 9 su* a way z to di/ribute poll5 ^u ! /igma ( ! pi/illate fl[]4 ,9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts :]e h& poll9ation is out ( ! "q a colony ( honey bees is plac$ 9 ea* h\se to accompli% ! "w4--7,f4 ,b4 #bed1 #bee2 ,mass4 ,ag4 ,col4 ,e4 ,s4 #hg2 ,i[a ,ag4 ,col4 ,e4 ,s4 #dg47 ,,d&elion4 ,s[ ! se$ ( d&elion 9 spr+ 9 drills #ah in*es ap>t1 cov]+ x "o-half in* deep4 ,?9 ! plants to ab\t #ab in*es ap>t & give good clean cultivation ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,9 ! cold] p>ts ( ! c\ntry x may be desirable to mul* slightly dur+ ! w9t] to prev5t ! plants heav+ out ( ! soil4 ,e>ly ! foll[+ spr+ ! plants w be ready = use z gre5s1 b !y are greatly improv$ if blan*$ by sett+ two bo>ds 9 ! =ms ( an inv]t$ lett] ,v ov] ! r[4 ,! blan*+ n only makes ! leaves m t5d] b de/roys a "p ( ! bitt] ta/e4 ,d&elion gre5s %\ld be boil$ 9 two wat]s to remove ! bitt]ness4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee-fh2 ,s4 ,dak4 #fh2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj47 ,,dill4 ,gr[n z f5nel :i* x greatly resembles1 bo? be+ well kn[n h]bs us$ = flavor+ pickles1 & bo? be+ ( unsurpass$ h>d9ess4--7,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj47 ,,egg ,,plant4 ,?is delici\s vegetable is n s mu* cultivat$ 9 our g>d5s z x %\ld be4 ,?is has aris5 l>gely f ! difficulty ( gett+ ! plants f se$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,if y h no gre5h\se1 hotb$1 nor frame1 x w be be/ to buy ! plants at sett+-"t f "s "o :o gr[s !m e>ly 9 pots4 ,plants pull$ f a b$ are seldom wor? plant+1 z ! egg plant is sl[ to recov] f a s]i\s *eck4 ,k9d ( ,soil4--,a s&y loam w be f\nd excell5t soil2 ?is %\ld be well dra9$ & h a moi/ subsoil4 ,l& t has be5 dra9$1 if all o!r conditions are prop]1 w make an excell5t field4 ,?is plant is a deep fe$]1 s t ! l& %\ld be pl[$ z deeply z possible4 ,a new field %\ld n be tak51 :ile "o might succe$1 ! *ances are n s good z on an old & well-tri$ piece ( l&4 ,be sure t all rubbi% & matt] t c\ld int]f]e ) cultivation has be5 remov$4 ,f]tilize ! field broadca/2 !re is little or no dang] ( ! plants fail+ to get ! food if x is 9 ! soil4 ,! be/ way is to apply ! f]tiliz] j be=e pl[+ ! field1 & !n apply a small] am\nt :]e ! plants are to /&2 "w ! f]tiliz] 9 well a week or two be=e sett+ out4 ,lay ! l& (f into r[s f\r feet ap>t1 & set ! plants ?ree or f\r feet ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,at conv5i5t di/ances a r[ may be skipp$ to make a road to ga!r ! crop4 ,aft] ! crop has be5 plant$ !re is little or no use = a hoe2 ! pl[ c & ought to d ! "w4 ,no we$s %\ld be all[$ to %[ m ?an ! se$ leaves1 & ! gr\nd %\ld be kept mell[ en\gh to let a p]son s9k ne>ly to ! ankles 9 dry times4 ,:5 ! f]tiliz] has be5 appli$ prop]ly ! roots w seek ! deep] soil1 & ! ord9>y horse cultivator w n rea* !m at all4 ,eggplant rais+ pays be/ "u high cultivation4 ,by repl5i%+ ! f]tiliz]1 plants may be kept 9 be>+ until fro/ kills !m 9 ! fall1 b x w be f\nd m pr(itable to r5ew ! field1 if a summ] or fall crop is desir$4--7,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,n4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,fla4 ,e4 ,s4 #ca2 ,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,i[a ,e4 ,s4 #dg47 ,,endive4 ,! endive is a =m ( *icory4 ,s[ ! se$s ?9ly 9 drills1 & :5 ! plants are well e/abli%$ ?9 to #h in*es4 ,wat] & cultivate ?or\ghly 9 ord] t a good gr[? ( leaves may be made4 ,:5 ! leaves are #f to #h in*es 9 l5g? draw !m toge!r & tie !m s ! he>t w blan*4 ,! leaves %\ld n be ti$ up :ile wet or decay w foll[4 ,! heads %\ld be us$ z soon z blan*$4 ,= w9t] use s[ ! se$s r late & remove ! plants1 ) a ball ( e>? adh]+ to ! roots1 to a cell> or cold frame1 & blan* dur+ ! w9t] z requir$ = use4 ,endive is us$ z a salad at times ( ! ye> :5 lettuce & simil> crops are out ( season4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fh47 ,,f5nel4 ,cultivat$ = ! sweet aromatic foliage & fruit is an h]b us$ = flavor+ pickles4--7,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj47 ,,g>lic4 ,g>lic is closely alli$ to ! onion1 b w rema9 9 ! gr\nd f "o ye> to ano!r if undi/urb$4 ,g>lic is plant$ by sett+ ! small bulbs1 or cloves1 ei!r 9 ! autumn or e>ly spr+4 ,! culture is practically ! same z = ! onion4 ,! bulbs are us$ = flavor+ purposes4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,g+]4 ,g+]1 ! und]gr\nd root /ock ( ,z+ib] (fic9ale1 is p]haps mo/ commonly us$ dry z a spice1 ?\gh ! fre% root or gre5 g+] is common 9 autumn1 be+ us$ 9 pickle mak+1 pres]v+1 & 9 o!r ways4 ,! "y & t5d] ends ( ! bran*+ root or rhizome1 call$ g+] buds1 are ! mo/ delicate portion z reg>ds bo? texture & flavor4 ,l>ge quantities ( g+] root are pres]v$ 9 ri* sug> syrup1 ! r\nd /one j>s ( ,canton g+] be+ an old-fa%ion$ confection :i* is /ill mu* priz$4 ,! cry/alliz$ or c&i$ g+] is ev5 m common & is frequ5tly s]v$ z a sweetmeat1 & is also us$ 9 mak+ des]ts ( v>i\s sorts4--7,f4 ,b4 #bie47 ,,h]bs4 ,to ?is gr\p belong a numb] ( plants h>dly recogniz$ z vegetables 9 ! common use ( ! t]m1 yet ( suffici5t importance to entitle !m to a corn] 9 ! family g>d54 ,! h]b g>d5 or pat* is too (t5 consid]$ a wor?less gift or fa%ion h&$ d[n f gr&mo!r's day4 ,9 e well ord]$ g>d5 !re %\ld be a few ( ! common h]bs4 ,! same conditions conc]n+ c>e1 cultivation1 etc41 w answ] = all4 ,! site select$ %\ld be out ( ! way s t x may n be di/urb$4 ,z ! b$ is to be p]man5t x %\ld be made f]tile & cultivat$ deeply4 ,9 s[+ classify accord+ to :e!r !y are annuals or p]5nials4 ,! plants may be gr[n f se$ b :5ev] possible1 propagation by root division is mu* m easy & c]ta94 ,9 autumn be=e fro/ ! leaves & /ems ( ^? desir$ = w9t] use %\ld be ga!r$1 ti$ 9 small bun*es & hung up to dry 9 an airy room4 ,:]e ! se$ is desir$1 x %\ld be all[$ to rip5 & h>ve/$4--7,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fh2 ,n4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb47 ,,ice ,,plant4 ,?is plant 7,mesembryan!mum cri/all9um7 gets its "n f ! cry/all9e ice-l cov]+ ( ! leaves4 ,9 hot c\ntries ! leaves are us$ z a salad or boil$ ! same z sp9a*4--7,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fh47 ,,horse-,,radi%4 ,?is plant w ?rive be/ 9 a deep1 ri* soil1 :]e !re is pl5ty ( moi/ure4 ,! r[s %\ld be #c feet ap>t & ! plants #ab to #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,tops cut f l>ge roots or pieces ( small roots are us$ = plant+4 ,a comp>atively few hills ( horse-radi% w be suffici5t = family use1 & ! roots requir$ = />t+ c be secur$ ( se$sm5 = #be or #cj c5ts a doz54 ,?is crop w require no p>ticul> cultivation except to keep d[n ! we$s1 & is incl9$ to become a we$ itself if n controll$4 ,! l>ge fle%y roots are prep>$ = use by peel+ & grat+4 ,! grat$ root is treat$ ) a little salt & v9eg> & s]v$ z a reli% ) meats1 oy/]s1 etc4 ,! roots %\ld be dug dur+ ! w9t] or e>ly spr+ be=e ! leaves />t4 ,aft] be+ treat$ ) salt & v9eg> ! grat$ root may be bottl$ = summ] use4 ,z ?is has always be5 consid]$ /rictly a cold-wea!r plant1 is w\ld seem useless to try to gr[ x 9 ,porto ,rico1 b1 z x gave v favorable results at ?is /ation1 x c no d\bt be produc$ = local consumption4 ,x is practically unkn[n 9 ,porto ,rico1 b mo/ p acquire a ta/e = x1 & =eign]s1 :o are us$ to x 9 _! native c\ntry1 w f9d x v gratify+ t !y c gr[ x "h4 ,9 ! ,nor? x ?rives 9 any soil f a light s& to a heavy clay1 b pref]s a m$ium heavy loam4 ,"h x gr[s luxuriantly 9 heavy clay b may n d s well 9 s&4 ,x is plant$ f cutt+s ( ! lat]al roots1 :i* %\ld be f #d to #f in*es long & plant$ at a di/ance ( #ab to #ae in*es 9 r[s #bd to #cj in*es ap>t4 ,root cutt+s c be obta9$ ei!r 9 spr+ or fall f any se$ firm1 & ^! %\ld be plant$ :5 receiv$4 ,! roots c be dug :5 l>ge en\gh = use or c be left 9 ! gr\nd until want$4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee3 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,p4 ,rico ,e4 ,s4 #g47 ,,kale1 ,,or ,,borecole4 ,!re are a l>ge numb] ( =ms ( kale1 & ^! are ?\ght by "s to be ! orig9al type ( ! cabbage4 ,kale does n =m a head & has convolut$ leaves & ?ick leaf /ems4 ,x is cultivat$ ! same z cabbage1 b may be set some:at clos]4 ,?is crop is v h>dy & w live ?r\gh ! w9t] 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 localities :]e freez+ x n too sev]e4 ,! flavor ( kale is improv$ by fro/4 ,kale is us$ = gre5s dur+ ! w9t]1 & z a sub/itute = cabbage4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,n4 ,c>4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj47 ,,kohl-,,rabi4 ,kohl-rabi belongs to ! same class z cabbage & caulifl[]1 b pres5ts a m>k$ v>iation f ei!r4 ,x is1 p]haps1 half-way betwe5 ! cabbage & turnip1 9 t its edible "p consi/s ( ! swoll5 /em ( ! plant4 ,= an e>ly crop1 plant & cultivate ! same z = e>ly cabbage4 ,= a late crop or = all seasons 9 ! ,s\? ! se$ may be s[n 9 drills :]e ! crop is to be gr[n & ?9n$ to ab\t #h in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! r[s %\ld be f #ah to #cf in*es ap>t1 accord+ to ! k9d ( cultivation employ$4 ,! fle%y /ems %\ld be us$ :ile !y are "y & q t5d]4 ,prep>e kohl-rabi = ! table 9 ! same mann] z turnips1 :i* x v mu* resembles :5 cook$4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj2 ,n4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,la4 ,e4 ,s4 #ij47 ,,leek4 ,?is plant belongs to ! same class z does ! onion1 b requires some:at diff]5t treatm5t4 ,leeks c be gr[n on any good g>d5 soil & are usually s[n 9 a %all[ tr5*4 ,! plants %\ld be ?9n$ to /& ab\t #d in*es ap>t 9 ! r[ & ! cultivation %\ld be simil> to t = onions4 ,aft] ! plants h atta9$ almo/ full size ! e>? is drawn ar\nd !m to ! height ( #f or #h in*es to blan* ! fle%y /em4 ,! leek does n =m a true bulb l ! onion1 b ! /em is uni=mly ?ick ?r\gh\t4 ,leeks are m>ket$ 9 bun*es l "y onions1 & !y may be /or$ ! same z cel]y = w9t]4 ,leeks are us$ = flavor+ purposes & are boil$ & s]v$ ) a cream dress+ ! same z "y onions4--7,n4 ,c>4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,la4 ,e4 ,s4 #ij2 ,f4 ,b4 #bee47 ,,lettuce4 ,?is crop atta9s its be/ developm5t 9 a ri* s&y loam 9 :i* !re is pl5ty ( organic matt]4 ,lettuce ?rives be/ dur+ ! e>ly spr+ or late autumn & w n )/& ! heat ( summ]4 ,9 ord] t ! leaves may be crisp & t5d]1 x is necess>y to =ce ! gr[?4 ,! usual me?od ( gr[+ lettuce = home use is to s[ ! se$s broadca/ 9 a b$ & remove ! leaves f ! plants z rapidly z !y become l>ge en\gh = use4 ,a mu* bett] me?od is ei!r to ?9 or transplant ! se$l+s & all[ ! plants to =m r compact heads & !n cut ! entire plant = use4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ! se$s may be s[n dur+ ! autumn & ! plants all[$ to rema9 9 ! gr\nd ov] w9t]4 ,at ! ,nor? ! se$s may be s[n 9 a hotb$ or cold frame & ! se$l+s transplant$ to ! op5 gr\nd1 or ! se$+ may be 9 r[s 9 ! g>d5 & ! plants ?9n$ to #e or #f in*es 9 ! r[4 ,lettuce may be gr[n 9 r[s ab\t #ab in*es ap>t4 ,9 ord] to produce crisp & t5d] lettuce dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 x may be necess>y to provide "s =m ( p>tial %ad+4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,n4 ,y4 ,e4 ,s4 #bjh2 ,n4 ,c>4 ,e4 ,s4 #adg2 ,t5n4 ,e4 ,s4 #b2 ,purdue ,ind4 ,e4 ,s4 #ff & #hd2 ,kas4 ,e4 ,s4 #gj47 ,,ll]5 7,cala!a all\ya74 ,?is vegetable1 al?\gh cultivat$ 9 ,porto ,rico = a long "t1 is n ext5sively kn[n4 ,! plant at a cursory glance resembles a canna4 ,! edible tub]s1 :i* are =m$ 9 great pr(usion1 c be eat5 boil$ l potatoes2 b1 unlike potatoes1 !y d n become s(t1 b appe> h>d & crisp aft] prolong$ boil+4 ,ll]5 some:at resembles boil$ sweet corn 9 ta/e1 & mo/ p pron\nce x delici\s )\t ne$+ to acquire a ta/e = x4 ,! be/ soil = ll]5 is a ri*1 moi/1 well-dra9$ loam1 :i* is usually b5efit$ by an application ( wood a%es or sulphate ( pota%2 an excess ( nitrog5 causes ! production ( l>ge tops & few tub]s4 ,! /ools or roots imm$iately adh]+ to /alks are ! p>ts us$ = propagat+2 ! tub]s w n g]m9ate4 ,ll]5 %\ld be plant$ at int]vals ( #b feet 9 r[s #d feet ap>t1 & cultivat$ l any o!r vegetable4 ,x requires t5 to fifte5 mon?s to mature tub]s1 :i* are #c_/d to #a in* 9 diamet]1 & may be h>ve/$ at any "t :5 l>ge en\gh1 b c be left 9 ! gr\nd = a long "t )\t spoil+4 ,x is a good %ipp] & if introduc$ into ! nor!rn m>ket x w\ld soon create a dem&4--7,p4 ,rico ,e4 ,s4 #g47 ,,m>tynia 7,unicorn ,plant74 ,! curi\s1 long beak$ fruit is us$ = pickles4 ,! plants are q h>dy & ornam5tal1 ! fruit be+ no less conspicu\s = its odd %ape ?an ! l>ge wax-l fl[]s ( :iti% color ) purple & yell[ spots4--7,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj47 ,,melon--,,musk4 ,soil & ,location4--,! soil = muskmelons mu/ be well dra9$ & conta9 an abundance ( humus & readily available plant food4 ,if ^! conditions are met1 x matt]s little :at ! p>ticul> type ( soil may be4 ,a knoll or ridge slop+ g5tly to ! s\? & protect$ by timb] on ! nor? & we/ furni%es an ideal site = melons4 ,su* a location w usually produce e>li] melons ?an a nor? or we/ slope & is bett] ?an a level area because ! soil dries out m quickly aft] a ra91 ?us p]mitt+ m timely tillage 9 a wet season1 & result+ 9 ! production ( melons ( bett] flavor4 ,x is only 9 dry seasons t l[1 flat l&1 unless ?or\ghly tile-dra9$1 produces good melons4 ,! condition ( ! soil 9 ref]5ce to its supply ( humus has a m>k$ influ5ce ^u ! welf>e ( ! melon crop4 ,because ( its abundance ( humus1 newly cle>$ timb] l& is well adapt$ to melon culture1 b is difficult to "w on acc\nt ( ! /umps & roots4 ,l& slightly defici5t 9 humus c be put 9 condition = gr[+ melons by pl[+ "u a clov] sod1 or a crop ( c[peas or rye1 or a coat ( manure appli$ broadca/4 ,if melons are to be gr[n z "o ( ! crops 9 a regul> rotation1 !y %\ld con/itute ! crop imm$iately foll[+ ! legum9\s crop design$ to add humus & nitrog5 to ! soil4 ,9 regions :]e w9t] :eat & clov] are gr[n1 a rotation ( :eat1 clov] & melons is highly satisfactory4 ,ano!r good rotation w\ld be3 oats1 clov]1 melons1 corn4 ,9 regions :]e clov] does n ?rive & :eat & oats are n gr[n1 a rotation ( corn1 c[peas1 & melons may be employ$1 or ! rotation ext5d$ by se$+ to grass aft] ! melons are h>ve/$4 ,ev5 ) c>eful att5tion to rotation & ! incorporation ( humus by pl[+ "u cat* crops or manure1 ord9>y f>m l&--includ+ good corn l&--is n suffici5tly ri* to produce a satisfactory crop ( melons )\t ! use ( f]tiliz+ mat]ial 9 ! hills4 ,x is only on g>d5 soil t has be5 made exce$+ly ri* by repeat$ applications ( manure1 t x is wise to attempt to gr[ melons )\t special treatm5t ( ! hills4 ,manure = ! ,hills4--,! manure = use 9 ! melon hills is rick$ up 9 ! fall 9 long l[ piles1 ab\t eight feet wide & two or ?ree feet deep4 ,! sides ( ! pile are made z ne>ly p]p5dicul> z possible & ! top is flatt5$ s t ra9s w soak 9 in/ead ( runn+ (f4 ,sometimes a lay] ( dirt ab\t ?ree in*es deep is plac$ on top ( ! manure to help reta9 ! moi/ure4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+1 "w is comm5c$ on ! manure to put x 9 condition = use4 ,! pile mu/ be cut d[n & ! manure turn$ & mix$ until x is ?or\ghly decompos$ & ( f9e texture4 ,=m]ly ?is "w 0 done by h& ) a =k1 & entail$ a l>ge am\nt ( labor4 ,n[ "s ( ! l>ge gr[]s d all ?is turn+ ( ! manure ) a disk & pl[4 ,! pile is work$ ?ree or f\r times at int]vals ( "o or two weeks4 ,"t ( ,plant+4--,! melon is a w>m season crop1 & unless ! soil is w>m & ! wea!r favorable ! se$s w n g]m9ate nor ! plants gr[4 ,x is !re=e usually unwise to plant 9 advance ( ! normal season 9 ! hope ( secur+ an e>ly crop4 ,occasionally1 su* plant+s d well1 b usually ! /& is poor1 necessitat+ mu* replant+1 & ! e>ly plants :i* d survive are likely to be s badly /unt$ by reason ( ! cool wea!r t !y d n mature _! crop mu* 9 advance ( ! lat] plant+s :i* h _h ! b5efit ( w>m wea!r f ! />t4 ,prep>ations = ,plant+4--,melon gr\nd %\ld be pl[$ e>ly 9 ! spr+1 or repl[$ if x 0 brok5 9 ! fall4 ,aft] pl[+1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly pulv]iz$ by ! use ( a disk or h>r[1 or bo?1 & !n kept 9 good1 friable condition by occasional work+ until plant+ "t arrives4 ,%ortly be=e plant+ is to beg91 ! field %\ld be furr[$ out bo? ways ) a s+le-%ovel pl[ or a "o-horse turn+ pl[4 ,! furr[s %\ld be ab\t six in*es deep1 & z f> ap>t z ! hills are to be plac$4 ,on "s soils melon v9es make only a mod]ate gr[? & ! hills may be plant$ z close z f\r feet ap>t ea* way2 b on ri* soil1 :]e !y make a /rong] gr[?1 !y %\ld be at lea/ five by five1 & 9 "s cases six by six4 ,aft] ! l& is furr[$ out ! rott$ manure is appli$ at ! int]sections ( ! furr[s4 ,f a qu>t to a half-peck ( manure is us$ = ea* hill1 dep5d+ ^u ! quality ( ! manure & also ! quantity available4 ,! manure is dropp$ into ! bottom ( ! furr[1 & ei!r mix$ ?or\ghly ) ! soil !re1 & cov]$ ) a lay] ( pure soil 9 :i* to plant ! se$1 or is m]ely cov]$ ) ! soil )\t any mix+4 ,! latt] me?od seems to give fully z good results z ! =m]1 especially :5 a small quantity ( manure is us$1 & is a great sav+ ( labor4 ,9 ei!r case1 especial c>e %\ld be tak5 to compact ! soil ov] ! manure s t :5 ! se$ is plant$ x w n suff] f lack ( moi/ure by reason ( any vacant air space 9 or ab\t ! mass ( manure4 ,sometimes ! manure is cov]$ ) soil by m]ely pl[+ a furr[ on ea* side ( ! furr[ conta9+ ! manure1 b unless ! soil is 9 exce$+ly f9e condition1 ?is me?od is n z satisfactory z us+ a hoe & giv+ ea* hill individual att5tion4 ,9 mak+ ! hill1 "s plant]s compact ! soil ) ! hoe1 :ile o!rs use ! feet4 ,:5 ready = plant+1 ! hill %\ld be practically level ) ! g5]al surface ( ! field4 ,if too l[1 ! hill w become wat]-soak$ 9 case ( ra9 & ! se$s or plants injur$2 if too high1 !re is likely to be insuffici5t moi/ure to insure prop] g]m9ation & gr[?4 ,plant+ ! ,se$4--,if ! hills h be5 made m ?an a few m9utes be=e ! se$ is dropp$1 ! top lay] ( dry soil %\ld be scrap$ aside ) a hoe s t ! se$ may be plac$ 9 imm$iate contact ) moi/ soil4 ,! area ?us prep>$ = plant+ ! se$ %\ld be at lea/ six in*es across1 & %\ld be smoo? & level4 ,f t5 to fifte5 se$s %\ld be scatt]$ uni=mly ov] ?is area1 & cov]$ ) ab\t half an in* ( f9e1 moi/ soil4 ,?is %\ld be firm$ ) ! back ( ! hoe & !n cov]$ ) a spr9kle ( loose dirt to s]ve z a mul*4 ,if a heavy ra9 packs ! top ( soil & a cru/ is =m$ be=e ! plant appe>s1 x is wise to g ov] ! field & c>efully break ! cru/ ov] ea* hill by means ( a g>d5 rake4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ ! hills & plant+ ! se$ describ$ above applies to field r ?an g>d5 conditions & to soils ( m$ium r ?an excessive f]tility4 ,9 a m>ket g>d5 :]e ! soil is exce$+ly ri* z a result ( repeat$ manur+ = onions or cabbage1 & is 9 f9e til?1 x is a common practice to s[ ! melon se$ 9 drills six to eight feet ap>t1 by means ( a g>d5 se$ drill4 ,?is is done )\t any special prep>ation ( ! soil :]e ! plants are to /&1 or application ( f]tiliz+ mat]ial o!r ?an manure appli$ broadca/ be=e pl[+4 ,?9n+4--,:ile t5 to fifte5 se$s are plant$ p] hill = ! sake ( insur+ a full /&1 only two1 or at mo/ ?ree1 plants are left to make ! crop4 ,?9n+ is usually def]r$ until ! plants h become fully e/abli%$1 & ! /ruggle aga9/ ! /rip$ beetle is ne>ly ov]4 ,h[ev]1 ! plants mu/ be ?9n$ be=e !y beg9 to cr[d badly1 or ^? :i* are to rema9 w be /unt$ 9 gr[?4 ,usually ! ?9n+ is complet$ by ! "t ! plants h f\r r\gh leaves4 ,if ! se$ has be5 well scatt]$ 9 plant+1 s t ea* plant /&s ap>t by itself1 ! sup]flu\s plants may be pull$ ) ! f+]s1 b extreme c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid di/urb+ ! roots ( ! rema9+ plants4 ,sometimes ! plants are cut (f ) a knife or %e>s1 in/ead ( be+ pull$1 & ?us all dang] ( di/urb+ ! roots is avoid$4 ,if ! se$s h be5 s[n ) a drill z 9 m>ket g>d5+ practice1 ! plants are usually ?9n$ to "o 9 a place at di/ances ( two to two & "o-half feet 9 ! r[4 ,transplant+4--,s9ce x is impossible to increase ! e>l9ess ( ! crop to any great ext5t by e>ly plant+ 9 ! field1 gr[]s h adopt$ ! transplant+ me?od4 ,?is makes x possible to plant ! se$ ?ree or f\r weeks e>li] ?an w\ld o!rwise be feasible1 & to gr[ ! plants "u controll$ conditions ( temp]ature & moi/ure dur+ _! mo/ critical p]iod4 ,x also simplifies ! matt] ( protection f /rip$ beetles4 ,! ma9 objections to ?is me?od are ! exp5se = sa%1 & ! difficulties att5d+ ! transplant+4 ,a melon plant w n survive transplant+ if ! root sy/em is di/urb$4 ,= ?is reason ! se$ is s[n on inv]t$ sod1 9 pots or 9 dirt b&s4 ,! dirt b&s are us$ almo/ exclusively by comm]cial gr[]s4 ,^! are ?9 /rips ( wood v5e]1 ?ree in*es wide & eighte5 in*es long1 scor$ at int]vals ( f\r in*es s t !y c be b5t )\t break+4 ,:5 fold$ ready = use1 ea* b& resembles a small /rawb]ry box )\t ! bottom4 ,^! b&s are plac$ close toge!r 9 a hotb$ & fill$ level full ) f9e1 ri* soil4 ,) a block ( wood %ap$ = ! purpose1 ! soil )9 ! b&s is press$ until x is #a_/b to #c_/d in* bel[ ! top ( ! b&4 ,if only "p ( ! dirt is put 9 at fir/1 & is press$ d[n firmly1 !n ! re/ ( ! dirt put on & press$1 ! soil 9 ! b& w be m compact ?r\gh\t & w hold toge!r bett] 9 ! transplant+ ?an if ! dirt 7 press$ only once4 ,unless ! soil us$ 0 v moi/1 ! b$ is !n ?or\ghly wat]$4 ,next1 ?ree se$s are plac$ 9 ea* b&4 ,^! are cov]$ ) f9e1 loose soil deep en\gh to fill ! b&4 ,?is soil is n firm$4 ,! hotb$ = melon plants %\ld h full exposure to light & be ma9ta9$ at a high temp]ature--ab\t #he degrees ,f4 dur+ ! day & #fe to #gj degrees at night4 ,z mu* v5tilation %\ld be giv5 z ! wea!r w p]mit1 & c>e ex]cis$ to avoid ov]wat]+4 ,z soon z ! plants are well />t$1 !y are ?9n$ to two 9 a b& by cutt+ (f ! extra plant ) a %>p knife4 ,:5 ! plants are ab\t f\r weeks old f ! plant+ ( se$ !y w be 9 ! "r condition = transplant+ to ! field4 ,!y are !n compact1 /ocky plants ) ab\t f\r r\gh leaves4 ,if all[$ to rema9 long] 9 ! b$ !y beg9 to /ret* = light & are ( little value = plant+1 = ! long nak$ /ems1 unable to support !mselves & unaccu/om$ to direct sunlight1 w\ld easily be sun-burn$1 & ! plants s]i\sly *eck$ if n kill$ outright4 ,cultivation4--,:e!r ! melons are transplant$ f a hotb$ or gr[n f se$ plant$ 9 ! field1 ! tillage ( ! crop %\ld beg9 z soon z ! plants c be se54 ,9 ! case ( transplant$ plants1 ?is w be ! same day t !y are set 9 ! field4 ,! e>ly tillage %\ld be deep1 & z close to ! plant z x is feasible to run ! cultivator4 ,! object ( ?is deep tillage is to e/abli% a deep root sy/em s t ! plants w n suff] s sev]ely f dry wea!r lat] 9 ! season4 ,9 ! case ( a field plant$ crop x is n feasible to cultivate s close to ! plants e>ly 9 ! season because ( ! dang] ( te>+ out ! little plants4 ,= ?is deep tillage a "o-horse five-%ovel cultivator1 (t5 weight$ ) a rock1 is ! tool mo/ commonly us$4 ,x is cu/om>y to foll[ ?is ) a boat or a #ad-too? cultivator to m fully pulv]ize ! soil4 ,tillage is usually giv5 aft] ea* ra9 or at lea/ once ea* week s t ! soil is ma9ta9$ 9 a loose friable condition4 ,9 addition to ! cultivation ) a horse1 mu* h& hoe+ is requir$ close ab\t ! plants4 ,any cru/ =m+ aft] a ra91 is brok51 & fre%1 moi/ soil drawn up ab\t ! plant4 ,crab grass & we$s appe>+ 9 ! hill are remov$ by h&4 ,mo/ gr[]s cease tillage & lay-by ! crop z soon z ! v9es h run en\gh to int]f]e ) ! cultivator4 ,! exp]i5ce ( a few gr[]s :o h turn$ ! v9es & kept !m 9 w9d[s s t tillage c\ld be cont9u$ until ! pick+ season op5$1 indicates t a dep>ture f ! old me?od is likely to insure bett] developm5t ( ! melons & a long] pick+ season1 ?\gh ! fir/ fruits may n rip5 s e>ly4 ,!re is ano!r di/9ct advantage 9 ?is turn+ ( ! v9es1 9 t ! ga!r+ ( ! crop is greatly facilitat$ & !re is no injury to ! v9es f tramp+4 ,se$4--,no matt] :at v>iety ( melon is gr[n1 x is extremely important t pure se$ be plant$ if good melons are to be produc$4 ,! melon det]iorates v rapidly "u c>eless me?ods ( se$ selection4 ,none b ! v *oice/ specim5s ( ! desir$ type1 f productive v9es1 %\ld be select$ = se$4 ,x is unsafe to cut se$ f a field 9 :i* m ?an "o v>iety ( melon is gr[n2 = se$ f su* a field w\ld likely be v badly mix$1 & ! product undesirable = m>ket4 ,if a gr[] has sale = all 8 good melons1 x may be *eap] = him to pur*ase 8 se$ ?an to save x4 ,b "h aga9 !re is dang] ( procur+ inf]ior se$1 = mu* ( ! melon se$ on ! m>ket is cut )\t c>eful selection1 9 ord] to meet ! dem& = *eap se$4 ,ev5 cull melons are us$ to supply ?is dem&4 ,su* se$ is exp5sive at any price4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! co/ ( good se$ & poor se$ is insignificant :5 comp>$ ) ! advantages to be d]iv$ f ! use ( se$ :i* c be dep5d$ ^u to produce melons ( a giv5 type4 ,pick+4--,!re is consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! exact /age ( maturity at :i* melons %\ld be pick$ = %ipm5t4 ,if all[$ to become too ripe be=e pick+1 !y become s(t by ! "t !y rea* ! m>ket1 & (t5 mu/ be sacrific$ 9 ord] to effect an imm$iate sale4 ,if pick$ too gre51 ! melons rea* m>ket 9 firm condition1 b are lack+ 9 flavor1 & are n desir$ by ! be/ trade4 ,x is a nice po9t to pick melons at su* a degree ( rip5ess t !y w rea* ! m>ket 9 firm condition1 & yet possess ! requisite flavor4 ,! f>!r f m>ket ! melons are produc$1 ! less mature !y mu/ be :5 pick$4 ,fur!rmore1 ! rapidity ( s(t5+ aft] pick+ v>ies ) ! temp]ature to :i* ! melons are subject$4 ,! cool] !y c be kept aft] pick+1 ! long] !y c be all[$ to rema9 on ! v9es & ! bett] flavor !y w h4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ess5tial t ! melons be plac$ 9 ! %ade z soon z possible aft] pick+1 & be kept %ad$ until !y are load$ into ! c>4 ,= ! same reason1 rip] melons c be %ipp$ "u ! refrig]ation ?an 9 v5tilat$ c>s4 ,x is also true t melons %ipp$ dur+ excessively hot wea!r1 unless "u refrig]ation1 w s(t5 m rapidly ?an ^? %ipp$ dur+ cool] wea!r4 ,! condition ( ! v9es & ! rapidity ( rip5+ ( ! melons 9 ! field w also h a be>+ ^u ! /age ( maturity at :i* !y %\ld be pick$4 ,e>ly 9 ! %ipp+ season1 :5 ! v9es are 9 full vigor & ! melons rip5+ sl[ly1 ! fruits may safely be left ^u ! v9es until m mature ?an w\ld be safe lat] 9 ! season :5 ! plants h become some:at weak5$1 or1 by reason ( excessive heat1 ! melons are rip5+ v rapidly4 ,melons %\ld n be pick$ at ! same degree ( maturity "u diff]5t conditions ( rip5+1 me?ods ( transportation1 & di/ances f m>ket4 ,:ile x is true t no rule c be giv5 = pick+ melons t w apply "u all conditions1 & t ! gr[] mu/ ex]cise judgm5t 9 ref]5ce to ea* day's pick+1 ! ideal w be atta9$ :5 ! conditions are su* t ! melons w rea* ! m>ket 9 ! be/ condition if pick$ z soon z ! fruit w "p readily f ! /em :5 ! latt] is press$ ) ! ?umb or f+]4 ,!re is a t5d5cy among "s gr[]s to pick consid]ably be=e ?is po9t has be5 rea*$1 9 ord] to run no risk ( ! melons becom+ s(t 9 transit4 ,9 fact1 "s gr[]s make a practice ( pick+ ! melons be=e a crack appe>s ab\t ! /em or any *ange ( color takes place1 ev5 on ! "u side ( ! fruit4 ,m>ket ,dem&s4--,:ile v>i\s types ( muskmelon may be dispos$ ( ^u a local m>ket1 !re are c]ta9 types :i* are recogniz$ z /&>ds 9 ! l>ge city m>kets2 & x is seldom wise to attempt to =ce ^u a g5]al m>ket a v>iety n recogniz$ z a /&>d 9 t p>ticul> m>ket4 ,9 ! ,*icago m>ket ! sorts mo/ 9 dem& are ! ,nett$ ,gem1 or ,rocky ,=d type1 & ! ,osage4--7,ill4 ,e4 ,s4 #abd1 #aci2 ,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fg2 ,n4 ,hamp4 ,e4 ,s4 #gj1 #if2 ,n4 ,y4 ,e4 ,s4 #bjj2 ,n4 ,mex4 ,e4 ,s4 #fc47 ,,melon--,,wat]melon4 ,! cultivation ( ! wat]melon is practically ! same z = ! muskmelon1 except t ! plants gr[ l>g] & require m room = developm5t ?an ^? ( ! muskmelon4 ,wat]melons require t ! soil %\ld conta9 a l>g] p]c5tage ( s& ?an muskmelons1 & t ! l& %\ld be q ri*4 ,wat]melons %\ld be plant$ #aj feet ea* way betwe5 ! hills1 or 9 drills #aj feet ap>t & ?9n$ to #c feet ap>t 9 ! drills4 ,! wat]melon se$l+s mu/ be protect$ f ! cucumb] beetle until ! foliage becomes t\gh5$4 ,wat]melons readily gr\p !mselves into six classes bas$ ^u ! color or *>act]i/ics ( ! sk9 or ext]nal appe>ance4 ,x does n necess>ily foll[ t 9 ! propos$ classification ! fruit ( ea* v>iety w all be ( ! same =m to :i* x is ref]r$2 =1 z e melon gr[] kn[s1 ! fruits 9 ea* hill v>y m or less2 b if ev]y?+ is normal & favorable = _! developm5t ! *>act]i/ic =m or t typify+ ! v>iety w pr$om9ate4 ,! l>g] ! exp]i5ce ( ! gr[]1 ! easi] x is = him to und]/& ^! v>i\s types4 ,9 ord] to get ! true type ( ea* v>iety1 x is important t ! se$s be secur$ directly f ! se$sman :o fir/ introduc$ !m ?us avoid+ complications or errors4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,n4 ,h4 ,e4 ,s4 #hf2 ,ind4 ,e4 ,s4 #abc2 ,n4 ,mex4 ,e4 ,s4 #fc2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fg47 ,i4 ,light ,gre5 ,sweet ,he>t ,type ,class 7oval %ape7 ---- ---- 7m$ium %ape7 ,mon>* ,type1 7,long %ape7 ,,ii4 ,m$ium ,gre5 ,ic+ ,type1 ,class 7oval %ape7 ---- ---- 7m$ium %ape7 ,jackson ,type1 7long %ape7 ,,iii4 ,d>k ,gre5 ,black ,spani% ,type ,class 7oval %ape7 ---- ---- 7m$ium %ape7 ,boss ,type1 7long %ape7 ,,iv4 ,light ,/rip$ ,kolb's ,gem ,type1 ,class 7oval %ape7 ,cuban ,que5 ,type1 7m$ium %ape7 ,rattlesnake ,type1 7long %ape7 ,v4 ,dull ,/rip$ ,pride ( ,georgia ,type1 ,class 7oval %ape7 ,*ri/mas ,type1 7m$ium %ape7 ,favorite ,type1 7long %ape7 ,,vi4 ,mottl$ ,gre5 ,nabob ,type1 ,class 7oval %ape7 ,ph9ney ,type1 7m$ium long %ape7 ,,mu/>d4 ,almo/ any good soil w produce a crop ( mu/>d4 ,! basal leaves ( mu/>d are us$ = gre5s1 & z ! plants require b a %ort "t to rea* ! prop] /age = use frequ5t s[+s %\ld be made4 ,s[ ! se$s ?ickly 9 drills z e>ly z possible 9 ! spr+1 or = late use s[ ! se$s 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,! =ms ( :ite mu/>d1 ( :i* ! leaves are (t5 curl$ & frill$1 are g5]ally us$4 ,mu/>d gre5s are cook$ l sp9a*4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj2 ,la4 ,e4 ,s4 #ij47 ,,na/urtium4 ,! h>d9ess & unsurpass$ beauty ( ?is plant %\ld make x a favorite ne> e home4 ,! se$ pods j be=e beg9n+ to rip5 make a delici\s flavor+ = pickles4--7,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fh47 ,,new ,,zeal& ,,sp9a*4 ,! plant kn[n z ,new ,zeal& sp9a* is n a true sp9a*1 b gr[s mu* l>g] & %\ld be plant$ 9 r[s #c feet ap>t1 ) ! plants #ab to #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,"s difficulty may be exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ ! se$s to g]m9ate1 & !y %\ld be soak$ "o or two h\rs 9 hot wat] be=e plant+4 ,new ,zeal& sp9a* is satisfactory = gr[+ 9 w>m climates1 z x )/&s heat bett] ?an ! ord9>y sp9a*4 ,! fle%y leaves & t5d] /ems are cook$ ! same z sp9a*4 ,,okra 7,gumbo74 ,?is plant may be gr[n ?r\gh\t ! great] portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b only "o crop c be produc$ dur+ a season 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! region ar\nd ,new ,orleans successive plant+s are made & a con/ant supply is ma9ta9$4 ,! plant is ( a tropical nature & w n endure fro/1 b ! pods beg9 to be produc$ v soon aft] ! plants />t into rapid gr[? & cont9ue to =m = sev]al weeks1 especially if all pods are remov$ :ile "y & no se$s all[$ to rip5 ^u ! plants4 ,soil & ,its ,prep>ation4--,! soil ^u :i* okra c be mo/ successfully gr[n is a ri* mell[ loam1 pl[$ r deeply & well work$ ov] ) pulv]iz+ tools4 ,aft] ! se$l+s become e/abli%$ & ! roots get a firm hold ( ! soil1 ! gr[? is v rapid & a l>ge am\nt ( available plant food1 especially ( a nitrog5\s nature1 is requir$4 ,quick-act+ comm]cial f]tiliz]s may be appli$ 9 mod]ate quantities1 b ^! %\ld be well mix$ ) ! soil4 ,! same conditions t w produce good cotton or corn w be f\nd suitable = ! production ( okra4 ,plant+ ! ,se$4--,?r\gh\t ! ,nor!rn ,/ates plant+ %\ld be done z e>ly z possible 9 spr+1 or z soon z ! soil is w>m en\gh = ! plant+ ( g5]al g>d5 se$s4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :]e a cont9u\s supply is desir$1 successive se$+s ( f\r or five weeks ap>t %\ld be made4 ,plant 9 r[s #c-a_/b feet ap>t = ! dw>f types1 & #d-a_/b feet = ! l>g]-gr[+ v>ieties4 ,scatt] ! se$s 9 drills1 or plant loosely 9 hills1 z ) corn1 & cov] to a dep? ( #a or #b in*es1 accord+ to ! compactness & moi/ure cont5t ( ! soil4 ,! se$s may be plant$ ) any good se$ drill1 b :5 plac$ 9 hills !y %\ld be sep>at$ #c or #d in*es to all[ space = ! developm5t ( ! /ems4 ,if ! soil is reasonably w>m1 g]m9ation w take place )9 a few days1 b %\ld !re be a heavy ra9fall 9 ! mean "t ! soil %\ld be lightly cultivat$ betwe5 ! r[s & ! cru/ brok5 ov] ! se$ by means ( an iron rake4 ,cultivation4--,z soon z ! plants are well e/abli%$ !y may be ?9n$ to ?ree or f\r 9 a hill1 or1 if gr[n 9 drills1 to #ab or #ad in*es = ! dw>f & #ah to #bd in*es = ! l>g] gr[+ v>ieties4 ,:]e vacant places occur f failure 9 g]m9ation !y may be fill$ 9 by transplant+4 ,cultivate z 9 ! case ( corn or cotton1 keep+ ! gr\nd well /irr$ & ! surface soil loose1 especially :ile ! plants are small4 ,aft] ! leaves beg9 to %ade ! gr\nd1 v little cultivation is necess>y except to keep ! l& free f we$s4 ,a poor soil & insuffici5t moi/ure w yield pods ( inf]ior size & quality1 & irrigation may (t5 be desirable 9 ord] to produce a m>ketable crop4 ,okra is sometimes gr[n z a mix$ crop ) cotton1 ! okra be+ remov$ be=e ! cotton beg9s to mature2 b ?is practice is n to be recomm5d$1 z bo? crops draw heavily ^u ! nitrog5\s matt] ( ! soil4 ,! okra plants w usually cont9ue to gr[ until late 9 ! season1 b aft] a "t ! pods are n s l>ge or t5d] z ^? produc$ e>li] 9 ! season4 ,z ! pod is ! only "p ( ! plant ord9>ily us$ = food1 x is desirable to secure a rapid & cont9u\s gr[? 9 ord] to produce ! greate/ quantity ( m>ketable pods4 ,ga!r+ & ,m>ket+4--,z soon z ! plants beg9 to set fruit ! pods %\ld be ga!r$ ea* day1 pref]ably 9 ! ev5+4 ,! fl[] op5s dur+ ! night or e>ly morn+ & fades aft] a few h\rs4 ,! poll5 mu/ be transf]r$ dur+ ! e>ly morn+1 & ! pod ?us =m$ w usually be ready = ga!r+ dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! foll[+ day1 al?\gh ! "t requir$ to produce a m>ketable pod v>ies accord+ to ! age ( ! plant & ! conditions "u :i* x is gr[n4 ,! pods %\ld always be ga!r$1 irrespective ( size1 :ile !y are /ill s(t & be=e ! se$s are half gr[n4--7,f4 ,b4 #bcb47 ,cultivation = ,se$4--,if okra is to be gr[n = se$ alone1 only "o v>iety %\ld be plant$1 or if m ?an "o v>iety is gr[n ea* %\ld be sep>at$ f ! o!r by at lea/ "o-f\r? mile to prev5t mix+4 ,:5 sev]al v>ieties ( okra are gr[n ne> ea* o!r no se$ %\ld be sav$ except t produc$ by ! me?od ( bagg+ & h& poll9ation4 ,to secure se$ 9 ?is way is a r simple matt] :5 only a small quantity is requir$1 z ! pods =m$ on a s+le day :5 ! plants are at _! be/ w produce en\gh se$4 ,! bags %\ld be ti$ ov] ! fl[] buds 9 ! ev5+ & ! poll5 transf]r$ e>ly ! foll[+ day4 ,replace ! bags imm$iately1 z an insect or ! w9d may at any mom5t br+ to ! fl[] ! poll5 ( ano!r v>iety4 ,aft] go+ ov] all ! fl[]s ( a v>iety x is well to return to ! fir/ ?ree or f\r & repoll9ate !m 9 ord] t !y may receive poll5 f diff]5t individual fl[]s ( ! same v>iety & to insure p]fect f]tilization4 ,be=e beg9n+ ^u ano!r v>iety ! bru% us$ = transf]r+ ! poll5 %\ld be ?or\ghly clean$4 ,if a bru% is n available1 use a portion ( a "y leaf1 fold$ toge!r betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]1 to convey ! poll54 ,?is improvis$ bru% %\ld be disc>d$ & a new "o adopt$ = ea* v>iety4 ,! bags ne$ rema9 only dur+ ! day on :i* ! poll5 is transf]r$ & may be replac$ by a tag to m>k ! pod4 ,! se$ %\ld rema9 on ! plant until fully ripe4 ,! common bumblebee is a frequ5t visitor to ! fl[]s ( ! okra1 & a s+le bee 0 on "o morn+ obs]v$ to poll9ate ov] #ejj fl[]s1 compris+ m ?an #ej sep>ate samples4 ,9 ?is in/ance practically e fl[] 9 ! field 0 visit$ & poll9at$1 al?\gh no poll5 _h previ\sly be5 transf]r$4 ,?is obs]vation demon/rat$ ! necessity ( great c>e to prev5t cross-poll9ation4 ,our v>iety te/s ) okra h %[n t se$ gr[]s h n always succe$$ 9 keep+ ! v>ieties sep>ate1 & z a result !re has be5 a gradual bl5d+ toge!r ( all ! sorts4 ,9 _m ( ! samples all ! sorts usually gr[n are repres5t$4 ,uses4--,! pr9cipal use ( okra is 9 s\ps & v>i\s cul9>y prep>ations 9 :i* meats =m an important factor1 z 9 ! s-call$ gumbo s\ps1 to :i* ! "y pods imp>t an excell5t flavor1 besides giv+ a pleasant mucilag9\s consi/5cy4 ,! "y se$s are occasionally cook$ 9 ! same way z gre5 peas1 & ! v "y & t5d] pods are boil$ & s]v$ z a salad ) ,fr5* dress+4 ,bo? ! /em & ! mature pod conta9 a fibre :i* is employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( pap]4 ,no copp]1 brass1 or iron cook+ vessels %\ld be employ$ 9 prep>+ okra1 z ! metal w be absorb$ & ! pods discolor$ or ev5 r5d]$ poison\s4 ,! cook+ %\ld be done 9 agate1 porcela91 or e>!n w>e4--7,f4 ,b4 #bcb47 ,v>ieties4--,!re are ?ree g5]al types ( okra1 viz41 tall gre51 dw>f gre51 & lady f+]4 ,ea* ( ^! is aga9 divid$ accord+ to ! l5g? & color ( ! pods1 mak+ 9 all six classes or v>ieties1 namely1 tall gre51 long pod2 tall gre51 %ort pod2 dw>f gre51 long pod2 dw>f gre51 %ort pod2 lady f+]1 :ite pod2 & lady f+]1 gre5 pod4 ,all v>iations f ^! are m]ely ! results ( mixtures1 no true crosses or hybrids be+ =m$4 ,^! mixtures are easily sep>at$ & ref]r$ to ! p>5t type1 & a little att5tion to rogu+ & selection is necess>y 9 ord] to keep ! v>ieties pure4 ,x is ess5tial t ! p>ietal /ra9 %\ld be pure 9 ord] t a uni=m & m>ketable lot ( pods may be produc$4--7,f4 ,b4 #bcb1 #bee2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj47 ,,onions4 ,! onion is exceptional 9 t x w ?rive "u a v wide range ( climatic & soil conditions4 ,!re is p]haps no ext5d$ area 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 except ! m\nta9\s regions1 :]e ! onion c n be successfully gr[n4 ,= be/ results a temp]ate climate )\t great extremes ( heat & cold %\ld be select$4 ,onion culture is r>ely pr(itable 9 regions :]e ! climate does n *ange or has no def9ite seasons ( heat & cold or wet & dry4 ,naturally ! onion does be/ "u r cool conditions1 ) pl5ty ( moi/ure dur+ its e>ly /ages1 b requires a reasonable degree ( heat1 toge!r ) dryness ( bo? soil & atmosph]e1 = its prop] rip5+4 ,soils4--,! ess5tial requirem5ts ( a soil ^u :i* to gr[ onions pr(itably are a high /ate ( f]tility1 good me*anical condition 9 ord] t ! crop may be easily work$1 suffici5t dra9age1 & fre$om f we$s4 ,if a soil has ! prop] me*anical prop]ties--t is1 if x conta9s suffici5t s& & humus to be easily work$1 is ret5tive ( moi/ure & f]tiliz]s1 & is capable ( dra9age--all o!r requirem5ts c be met4 ,z a g5]al rule new l& is n adapt$ to onion gr[+ until x has be5 work$ "o or two ye>s ) o!r crops4 ,onions %\ld foll[ "s crop t has be5 kept "u ! hoe & free f we$s ! previ\s season4 ,corn1 beans1 & potatoes are suitable crops ) :i* to prec$e onions4 ,muck & s&y soils may 9 "s cases be br\ght to a suitable condition = onions ! fir/ season1 b ! fitt+ w h to be v ?or\ghly p]=m$4 ,! l& %\ld be pl[$ 9 ! autumn1 !n repl[$ 9 ! spr+1 aft] :i* num]\s h>r[+s & d\btless "s h& "w w be requir$ to get ! soil 9 suitable %ape4 ,if necess>y to manure ! l& heavily be=e plant+ to onions1 x w be desirable to plant to "s f>m crop "o season1 !n apply ! manure dur+ ! autumn 9 ord] to give x "t to become incorporat$ ) ! soil4 ,ow+ to ! value ( good onion l& x w\ld n be advisable to devote x to g5]al f>m crops = any ext5d$ p]iod1 al?\gh corn is frequ5tly plant$ & oats or rye are sometimes us$ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,c[peas may be ( great s]vice 9 br++ new l& into %ape = plant+ to onions4 ,prep>ation ( ! ,soil4--,assum+ t ! l& int5d$ = plant+ to onions is capable ( be+ br\ght to a good me*anical condition1 f]tile1 well dra9$1 & reasonably free f we$ se$s1 ! fir/ /ep 9 ! production ( ! crop w be to pl[ mod]ately deep1 !n h>r[1 disk1 roll1 & drag until ! soil is smoo? & mell[ to a dep? ( #d or #e in*es4 ,on soils t are naturally well dra9$ & :]e surface wat] c n accumulate1 ! pl[+ may be done 9 l>ge blocks1 b :]e ! opposite conditions are f\nd or irrigation is practic$ x may be necess>y to pl[ ! l& 9 n>r[ b$s4 ,9 ! case ( insuffici5t dra9age x w be desirable to ?r[ ! soil toge!r into b$s1 leav+ a d\ble furr[ betwe5 ea* b$ to c>ry (f surplus wat]4 ,:]e ! flood+ sy/em ( irrigation is practic$ ! b$s mu/ be level$ & a sy/em ( dit*es & ridges provid$ = di/ribut+ & controll+ ! wat]4 ,crop ,rotation4--,onions %\ld n be plant$ on ! same piece ( l& ye> aft] ye>1 & "s sy/em ( crop rotation %\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,c>e %\ld be tak51 h[ev]1 to use crops 9 ! rotation t w n be exhau/ive ( ! high f]tility necess>y 9 ! onion l&4 ,dur+ ! ye>s :5 ! l& is n devot$ to onions x c be plant$ to "s truck crop t w give a return t w ju/ify ! application ( l>ge quantities ( f]tiliz]s1 or1 bett] to a legum9\s crop to be turn$ "u z gre5 manure4 ,cont9u\s cropp+ ) onions w cause ! l& to become infe/$ ) bo? disease & insect enemies t w soon] or lat] injure ! crop to su* an ext5t z to r5d] x unpr(itable4 ,f]tiliz]s4--,z ! onion is an int5sive crop & yields great quantities ( m>ketable bulbs = ! area plant$1 ! gr[] is ju/ifi$ 9 manur+ heavily4 ,x w\ld be difficult inde$ to make ! soil too ri* = onions1 provid$ ! manures are ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! soil4 ,a heavy application ( fre% raw manure j be=e plant+ w\ld h an injuri\s effect1 b :]e ! manure is well rott$ & uni=mly appli$ !re is no?+ to be fe>$4 ,animal ,manures4--,!re is p]haps no f]tiliz] s well adapt$ to ! production ( onions z pl5ty ( clean1 well-compo/$ /able manure1 & ! quantity & frequ5cy ( application w dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! l& "u cultivation4 ,all /able manure us$ on onion l& %\ld be well compo/$ be=e use & !n spread ^u ! l& sev]al mon?s be=e plant+ to onions4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates ! manure may be appli$ dur+ ! autumn & well disk$ into ! soil4 ,! l& c !n be all[$ to lie 9 ! r\gh /ate & expos$ to ! action ( fro/ dur+ ! w9t]1 or x c be smoo!d & se$$ to rye1 9 :i* case x w be necess>y to repl[ dur+ ! e>ly spr+time4 ,l>ge quantities ( fre% manure appli$ to onion l& j be=e plant+ w h a t5d5cy to produce an ov]gr[? ( tops at ! exp5se ( ! bulbs4 ,?is is especially true on irrigat$ l&s & soils t are naturally moi/4 ,comm]cial ,f]tiliz]s4--,:]e !re is an abundance ( humus matt] 9 ! soil ! onion crop w be greatly b5efit$ by mod]ate applications ( high-grade comm]cial f]tiliz]s4 ,_m gr[]s foll[ ! practice ( apply+ only a "p ( ! f]tiliz] at plant+ "t1 res]v+ ! balance to be put on z a top-dress+ at "s "t dur+ ! p]iod ( cultivation4 ,?is plan is especially desirable :]e onions are gr[n dur+ ! w9t]1 z ! application ( highly nitrog5\s f]tiliz]s 9 ! autumn is liable to promote a s(t gr[? t w be injur$ by cold4 ,if ! f]tiliz] is n put on until cold wea!r is ov]1 ! crop may be =c$ )\t dang] ( injury4 ,= ?is purpose only ^? f]tiliz]s ( a v available =m w answ]4 ,plant+ & ,?9n+4--,exp]i5c$ gr[]s are frequ5tly able by us+ extreme c>e 9 regulat+ ! drills to di/ribute onion se$ 9 r[s :]e ! crop is to mature s t little ?9n+ w be necess>y4 ,?9n+ is g5]ally left until ! "t ( ! fir/ h& we$+1 :5 all ?ick bun*es along ! r[s are ?9n$ to a uni=m /& ( eight or t5 plants to ! foot4 ,x is always well1 h[ev]1 to all[ = consid]able loss ( plants1 & unless ! plants are s ?ick z to actually cr[d1 ?9n+ w n be necess>y4 ,transplant+4--,! transplant+ process1 (t5 spok5 ( z ! new onion culture1 is m]ely a modification ( ! regul> se$+ me?od4 ,! objects ga9$ by transplant+ are an e>li] crop1 a uni=m /&1 & bulbs ( m regul> size4 ,:]e a small area is to be gr[n1 ! transplant+ process is ! ideal me?od1 b = l>ge acreages & :]e labor is difficult to obta91 ?is w\ld n be practical4 ,aft] transplant+1 ! se$l+s w require ra9 or wat]+ 9 ord] t !y may />t1 & = ?is reason ! transplant+ process is practically limit$ to areas :]e "s =m ( irrigation is available4 ,9 gr[+ onions by ! transplant+ me?od ! se$ is s[n 9 gre5h\ses1 hotb$s1 cold frames1 or specially prep>$ b$s at ! rate ( #c-a_/b or #d p\nds = ea* acre to be plant$4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are gr[n "u cov]1 !y are giv5 ! necess>y att5tion reg>d+ wat]+ & v5tilation & kept gr[+ q rapidly until ne> ! "t = sett+ !m 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,z plant+ "t approa*es1 ! se$l+s are h>d5$ or prep>$ = transplant+ by increas$ v5tilation & exposure & by )hold+ wat]4 ,:5 ready to transplant1 ! se$l+s %\ld be some:at small] ?an a lead p5cil & r /ocky4 ,! plants are lift$ f ! se$ b$ & ! roots & tops bo? trimm$ some:at4 ,me?ods ( ,tillage4--,! cultural requirem5ts ( ! onion are frequ5t %all[ /irr+ ( ! soil & fre$om f we$s4 ,! fe$+ roots ( ! onion run close to ! surface ( ! soil & %\ld n be di/urb$ by deep cultivation4 ,sometimes a heavy ra9 imm$iately aft] se$+ w s pack ! surface t ! se$l+s c n break ?r\gh4 ,"u su* circum/ances x w be necess>y to slightly break ! surface by means ( a /eel rake or a rake-l atta*m5t on a cultivator4 ,z soon z ! plants are up & ! r[s c be foll[$ ! cultivator %\ld be />t$ to loos5 ! soil1 :i* is always m or less compact$ dur+ se$+4 ,x is well-nigh impossible to produce a crop ( onions )\t "s h& we$+4 ,dur+ favorable seasons ! /rictly h& "w may be r$uc$ to b "o or two we$+s1 b a great] numb] w be necess>y dur+ ra9y seasons4 ,! "w ( h& we$+ may be facilitat$ by ! use ( "s ( ! small h& tools design$ = ! purpose4 ,among ^! tools might be m5tion$ ! onion hoe1 ! h& we$]1 & ! ?9n+ or we$+ hook4 ,irrigation4--,outside ( ! areas :]e irrigation me?ods are dep5d$ ^u = ! production ( g5]al crops x is n cu/om>y to use artificial wat]+ 9 ! gr[+ ( onions4 ,h>ve/+4--,9 ! ,nor? ! bulbs are all[$ to become z ripe z possible be=e remov+ !m f ! soil4 ,gr[]s pref] t ! tops rip5 d[n & %rivel & t ! out] sk9 ( ! bulbs be dry be=e !y are pull$4 ,to ! s\?w>d1 :]e ! onions are n cur$ s ?or\ghly1 !y are (t5 pull$ ab\t ! "t t ! tops beg9 to break & fall4 ,! rip5+ process may (t5 be ha/5$ by roll+ a v light roll] or a b>rel ov] ! tops to break !m d[n4 ,?is process is frequ5tly spok5 ( z b>rel+4 ,:]e ! bulbs are practically ^u ! surface !y may be pull$ by h& & ?r[n 9 w9dr[s consi/+ ( eight or t5 onion r[s4 ,if ! onion bulbs are consid]ably cov]$ ) soil x w be necess>y to employ a "o-horse pl[ or a cultivator ) a sweep atta*$ = lift+ !m4 ,9 any case x w be necess>y to ga!r !m f ! soil by h&4 ,aft] ly+ 9 ! w9dr[s = sev]al days & be+ /irr$ occasionally ) wood5 rakes !y are gone ov] & ! tops remov$ ei!r by twi/+ or cutt+ ) ord9>y %eep %e>s4 ,9 cases :]e v bright color is important z ) fancy ,:ite ,globe onions1 & ?is w\ld be injur$ by exposure to ! sun & ra91 ! bulbs are cur$ 9 long1 n>r[1 l[ ricks =m$ by two r[s ( onions laid ) ! bulbs regul>ly to ! c5t]1 tops to ! outside1 ! r[s a few in*es ap>t at ! bottom ( ! rick b com+ toge!r at ! top1 & ! top ( ! rick cov]$ by /raw or bo>ds to %$ ! ra94 ,z ! tops are remov$ ! bulbs are g5]ally plac$ 9 crates = dry+4 ,9 "s sections onion-topp+ ma*9es are employ$1 ! bulbs be+ haul$ f ! field to a c5tral location & run ?r\gh ! topp]4 ,^! ma*9es remove ! tops1 grade ! bulbs1 & deliv] !m into ! crates or bags4 ,if crates are n employ$ = cur+1 ! bulbs are all[$ to lie 9 ! w9dr[s = "s "t1 & are !n ei!r put into sacks or haul$ to slat cribs1 :]e !y complete ! cur+ process4 ,too long exposure to hot sun%9e w injure ! bulbs4 ,:]e ! bulbs are extremely dry at ! "t ( _! removal f ! soil1 !y may be all[$ to lie 9 ! w9dr[s = a few days only1 & !n sort$ & clean$ 9 ! field ready = pack+ & m>ket+4 ,/orage4--,9 ord] t onions %\ld keep well :5 /or$ !y mu/ be well rip5$ & ?or\ghly cur$4 ,^? t are immature1 s(t1 or ?ick necks %\ld nev] be plac$ 9 /orage b sold z soon z ga!r$ = :atev] price !y w br+4 ,good /orage onions w rattle almo/ l blocks ( wood :5 p\r$ f "o crate to ano!r4 ,9 ord] t ! bulbs may rema9 bright & ( attractive appe>ance !y %\ld n be all[$ to lie expos$ to ! wea!r1 b %\ld be haul$ & /or$ 9 op5 %$s j z soon z !y may safely be plac$ 9 "o-bu%el crates4 ,aft] ! bulbs h rema9$ 9 dry+ %$s or cribs = sev]al weeks !y w be ready = scre5+ & removal to ! /oreh\se4 ,9 h&l+ onions x is ! rule to pass !m ov] a scre5 ea* "t !y are mov$1 z 9 ?is way ! loose sk9s are remov$ & any s(t or decay+ bulbs may be sort$ out4 ,! ess5tials = ! successful /orage ( onions are pl5ty ( v5tilation1 /or+ 9 small quantities1 a comp>atively l[ temp]ature1 dryness1 & safety f actual freez+4 ,any build+ :]e9 ! above conditions may be secur$ w answ]4 ,m>ket+4--,l>ge quantities ( onions are sold & %ipp$ direct f ! fields :]e !y are gr[n4 ,a "p ( ! crop is held 9 tempor>y /orage until late autumn or e>ly w9t]4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s ! w9t] /orage ( onions has become ( great importance & ! f9e/ /ock is held = late w9t] deliv]ies4 ,! ,b]muda crop f ! s\?we/]n "p ( ! c\ntry comes ^u ! m>ket dur+ ,april & ,may1 s t mo/ ( ! /orage onions are dispos$ ( be=e t "t4 ,9 m>ket+ onions ! fir/ ess5tial is to prop]ly grade & clean ! bulbs1 9 ord] t !y may pres5t an attractive appe>ance :5 (f]$ = sale4 ,ord9>ily ! bulbs are sep>at$ into ?ree grades--primes1 seconds1 & pickl]s4 ,! primes include all ^? ( #a-a_/d in*es1 9 diamet] & l>g]1 & ! seconds consi/ ( ^? f #c_/d in* to #a-a_/d in*es 9 diamet]1 :ile all ^? t w pass ?r\gh a #c_/d-;in* scre5 are sold = pickl+ purposes4 ,! grad+ is g5]ally done 9 ! field dur+ ! clean+ process1 b z onions %r9k consid]ably :ile 9 /orage x is necess>y to regrade be=e plac+ ^u ! m>ket4 ,weight ( ,onions4--,! legal weight ( onions p] bu%el v>ies some:at 9 diff]5t ,/ates1 b #ef p\nds ( dry onions are g5]ally consid]$ a /&>d bu%el4 ,important ,comm]cial ,v>ieties4--,! v>ieties ( onions t h di/9ctively yell[1 :ite1 & r$ sk9s & are ( ! globul> type are ( greate/ comm]cial importance4 ,among ! v>ieties t belong to ! yell[ globe class are ! ,prizetak]1 ,yell[ ,danv]s1 ,yell[ ,globe1 ,danv]s1 ,s\?port ,yell[ ,globe1 & ,ohio ,yell[ ,globe4 ,! pr9cipal :ite v>ieties are ,s\?port ,:ite ,globe1 ,new ,que51 ,italian ,tripoli1 ,silv] ,sk91 & ,:ite ,silv] ,k+4 ,among ! m important r$ sorts are ,r$ ,globe1 ,r$ ,we!rsfield1 & ,au/ralian ,br[n4 ,! pr9cipal ,b]muda v>ieties are ,r$ ,b]muda1 ,:ite ,b]muda & ,cry/al ,wax4 ,! ,b]muda onions are all ( ! m or less flat type4 ,! r$ coloration ( ! ,b]muda onion is n di/9ctive l t ( ! ,r$ ,we!rsfield or ,r$ ,globe v>ieties1 b is light] 9 color4 ,! fam\s ,d5ia onion is some:at ( ! ,prizetak] type1 is light yell[ 9 color1 gr[s to a l>ge size1 & is mild 9 flavor4 ,9 ! selection ( v>ieties = any p>ticul> locality ! soil conditions & m>ket requirem5ts %\ld bo? be consid]$4 ,^? adapt$ to ! muck soils are ! yell[ & r$ sorts4 ,= alluvial & prairie soils ! r$ & br[n v>ieties are to be pref]r$1 :ile all k9ds d well on ! s&y loams & light soils4 ,a clean]1 bett] grade ( :ite onions c g5]ally be produc$ on light or s&y soils ?an on muck or clay loams4 ,^? ( ! ,b]muda1 ,spani%1 & ,egyptian types fl\ri% on ! deep1 ri* alluvial soils ( ! riv] bottoms & delta regions4 ,c]ta9 ( our m>kets %[ a decid$ pref]5ce = onions belong+ to a p>ticul> type4 ,! r$ & br[n v>ieties f9d ready sale on ! m>kets ( ! ,middle ,we/1 :ile onions ( ! yell[ & :ite v>ieties are pref]r$ 9 ! ea/]n cities4 ,onions w )/& long-di/ance %ipm5t1 ^? ( ! ,r$ ,globe type be+ g5]ally m subject to injury ?an ! yell[ & br[n sorts4 ,"s ( ! :ite v>ieties also h a ?9 sk9 & are easily injur$4 ,x %\ld be ! aim ( e gr[] to employ v>ieties t w )/& h&l+ & at ! same "t f9d ready sale on ! m>ket4 ,o!r types ( onions are top onions1 multipli]s1 g>lic1 & leeks1 :i* are plant$ to "s ext5t = m>ket+ purposes4 ,b]muda ,onions4--,! production ( ,b]muda onions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a comp>atively new indu/ry & has ?us f> be5 und]tak5 ma9ly 9 ,texas & ,cali=nia4 ,soils ( a silty or alluvial nature are suit$ to ! production ( ,b]muda onions1 & ^? conta9+ consid]able s& are mo/ desirable4 ,! ,b]muda requires a v ri* soil = ! be/ results1 & ?is c only be obta9$ by fir/ select+ a good soil & !n manur+ heavily4 ,! ,b]muda onion z gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry is a w9t] crop2 !re=e1 mild climatic conditions are requir$4 ,:ile ! plants w\ld )/& consid]able freez+1 _! gr[? is s]i\sly *eck$ by cold wea!r1 & ! crop w n mature 9 "t = ! e>ly m>ket if gr[n to ! nor?w>d4 ,! cultural me?ods employ$ 9 ! gr[+ ( ,b]muda onions are ess5tially ! same z ^? = ord9>y onions4 ,z ! great] portion ( ! crop is gr[n 9 a region :i* has no regul> ra9fall1 irrigation me?ods are employ$ almo/ univ]sally4 ,! great] "p ( ! crop is gr[n by ! transplant+ process & a great am\nt ( h& labor is requir$4 ,b]muda onions are h>ve/$ z e>ly z possible1 g5]ally be=e ! tops h become fully rip5$4 ,ph5om5al yields ( #cd1jjj & #ce1jjj p\nds ( ,b]muda onions are frequ5tly made on an acre ( l&1 b ?is is f> above ! g5]al av]age1 :i* is 9 ! neighborhood ( #aj1jjj or #ab1jjj p\nds to ! acre4 ,_m fields1 especially :5 plant$ = ! fir/ "t1 d n yield z mu* z #aj1jjj p\nds to ! acre4 ,on l& t has be5 heavily manur$ & plant$ to onions = sev]al ye>s ! yield av]ages ab\t #af1jjj p\nds4 ,! be/ ,b]muda-onion f>ms are valu$ at #cjj to #ejj an acre4 ,9 ord] to prove pr(itable1 ! gr[+ ( ,b]muda onions %\ld be conduct$ on a comp>atively l>ge scale4 ,! necess>y l& & irrigation facilities w require ! initial outlay ( f #aj1jjj to #cj1jjj1 & ! runn+ exp5ses are q heavy4 ,labor c be secur$ at a l[ price1 b is correspond+ly ineffici5t & (t5 n to be _h 9 suffici5t quantities4 ,fur!rmore1 ! m>kets are n[ pretty well suppli$ ) ,b]muda onions1 & p]sons :o desire to engage 9 _! production are advis$ to inve/igate e phase ( ! indu/ry be=e emb>k+ too heavily 9 x4 ,! expansion ( ! ,b]muda-onion indu/ry is limit$ by ! facts t a l>ge supply ( bulbs c be gr[n on a comp>atively small area1 t ! di/ance to m>ket is great1 t ! product is p]i%able1 & t ! m>kets w consume only a limit$ quantity at ! prices at :i* ! crop c be sold ) pr(it4 ,gre5 ,onions = ,bun*+4--,ano!r phase ( onion culture t is ( consid]able importance 9 c]ta9 localities is ! production ( "y bun*+ onions = ! e>ly spr+ trade4 ,9 sev]al sections along ! ,s\? ,atlantic coa/ ! gr[+ ( ?is class ( onions is q an ent]prise4 ,_m p]sons :o are engag$ 9 o!r l9es ( "w foll[ ! practice ( gr[+ a small area ( bun*+ onions z a side issue4 ,! v>ieties kn[n z multipli]s & top onions are g5]ally employ$ = ?is purpose2 h[ev]1 bun*+ onions are sometimes gr[n f ord9>y sets1 f inf]ior & damag$ l>ge onions1 & f se$4 ,! multipli]s & top onions are ! only k9ds adapt$ = ?is "w on a l>ge scale4 ,= gr[+ bun*+ onions ! bulbs or sets are plant$ dur+ ! autumn ei!r 9 b$s or 9 r[s #ab or #ad in*es ap>t ) ! bulbs q close 9 ! r[s4 ,! bulbs w />t gr[+ )9 a %ort "t & make m or less gr[? dur+ ! w9t]4 ,z soon z ! wea!r becomes w>m dur+ ! fir/ mon?s ( spr+ ! onions make a rapid gr[? & are ready = m>ket+ ab\t ! "t pea* trees beg9 to bloom4 ,9 m>ket+ ?is class ( onions ! "y %oots are pull$1 ! roots trimm$1 & ! outside peel$ (f1 leav+ ! /em :ite & clean4 ,! onions are !n ti$ 9 small bun*es by means ( a s(t :ite /r+1 ! tops trimm$ slightly1 & ! bun*es pack$ 9 crates or baskets = %ipm5t or sale on ! local m>ket4 ,?is phase ( ! onion indu/ry is limit$ to small plant+s & is well suit$ to ! ne$s ( ! g5]al m>ket g>d54 ,dur+ ! spr+time & e>ly summ] l>ge quantities ( ord9>y "y onions are pull$ :5 ! bulb is ab\t ! size ( a fifty-c5t piece1 ! roots & tops are trimm$1 & !y are !n bun*$ & sold = /ew+ purposes4 ,s f> z kn[n1 ?is class ( onions is n %ipp$ to any great ext5t1 b is sold ma9ly on local m>kets4 ,home ,production ( ,onion ,se$4--,! bulbs1 or "m bulbs1 z !y are commonly call$1 = ! production ( onion se$ %\ld be gr[n 9 ! same mann] z ^? int5d$ = m>ket+1 except t m c>e %\ld be tak5 ?r\gh\t4 ,"s se$ gr[]s pref] to use #f p\nds ( se$ to an acre = ! production ( se$ bulbs in/ead ( #d p\nds1 z ord9>ily us$ 9 gr[+ = m>ket1 9 ord] t ! bulbs may cr[d & n become too l>ge4 ,! plant+1 culture1 & h>ve/+ ( ! bulbs are practically ! same z = fir/-class m>ketable /ock4 ,onion-se$ gr[+ is a two-ye> process & two crops are con/antly to be c>$ =4 ,aft] gr[+ ! bulbs ! fir/ summ] !y mu/ be /or$ ov] w9t] & replant$ ! foll[+ spr+ = ! production ( se$4 ,meantime ! crop = ! next ye>'s plant+ mu/ be com+ on 9 ord] to h a crop ( se$ e ye>4 ,! fir/ requisite = ! gr[+ ( ! be/ se$ is a cle>-cut ideal ( ! exact %ape1 =m1 color1 & g5]al *>act]i/ics s\ght 9 ! v>iety be+ gr[n4 ,! second requisite is ! gr[+ ( se$ f bulbs ( t exact type = ! greate/ possible numb] ( g5]ations4 ,two selections %\ld be made1 ! fir/ to include b a small numb] ( ! v f9e/ & mo/ ideal bulbs f :i* to produce ! /ock se$ to be us$ ! foll[+ ye> = ! gr[+ ( ! se$ bulbs1 & ! second to include ! bulbs f :i* to gr[ ! supply ( se$ = ! m>ket4 ,by keep+ ! v be/ /ock sep>ate & us+ ! product = propagation ! entire /ra9 w be gradually improv$4 ,bulbs a trifle bel[ ! ideal m>ket size1 or ab\t #a-a_/b to #b in*es 9 diamet]1 are ! mo/ pr(itable = se$ production4 ,bulbs t are to be us$ = se$ productions %\ld be all[$ to become ?or\ghly ripe 9 ! field4 ,aft] pull+ !y %\ld be /or$ 9 crates "u a ro( :]e !y w h pl5ty ( v5tilation & be protect$ f sun & ra94 ,be=e freez+ wea!r beg9s ! onions %\ld be grad$ & remov$ to a h\se :]e bo? v5tilation & temp]ature c be controll$4 ,! temp]ature ( ! /orage h\se %\ld at no "t be s l[ z to cause ! bulbs to become fro/$4 ,a temp]ature ( #cb ,f4 = a %ort p]iod w d no h>m1 b %\ld n be all[$ to cont9ue4 ,if ! bulbs become fro/$1 heat$1 or sweat$ 9 /orage !y w spr\t be=e plant+ "t & be greatly injur$ = se$ purposes4 ,9 g5]al1 ! /orage conditions %\ld be ! same z = m>ketable onions4 ,! prop] "t to ga!r ! se$ is :5 ! inside ( ! gra9 has rea*$ ! d\gh /age4 ,onion se$ assumes its black color v e>ly2 9 fact1 be=e x has pass$ ! wat]y /age & =m$ milk 9 ! gra94 ,?is *ange ( color is no indication ( rip5ess & v (t5 deceives ! inexp]i5c$ gr[]4 ,! heads %\ld be h>ve/$ j be=e ! fir/-=m$ se$ beg9s to %att] 9 h&l+4 ,cur+ ! ,se$ ,heads4--,any build+ hav+ a tight floor & 9 :i* a free circulation ( air c be ma9ta9$ w s]ve z a cur+ place = onion se$4 ,9 localities :]e ra9s d n occur dur+ ! cur+ p]iod ! se$ heads are frequ5tly dri$ on %eets ( canvas /ret*$ ov] frames or spread ^u ! gr\nd4 ,= cur+ ! se$ 9 h\ses1 wire-bottom$ racks or trays plac$ "o above ! o!r are g5]ally employ$4 ,z ! se$ is /irr$ f "t to "t dur+ ! cur+ process consid]able ( x w be %att]$ & fall ^u ! tray bel[ or f9ally ^u ! floor4 ,! ma9 ess5tials 9 ! cur+ ( onion se$ are to spread ! heads v ?9ly1 n ov] two heads 9 dep?1 & to give free v5tilation4 ,ev5 at a dep? ( #c in*es 9 ! trays x w be necess>y to /ir !m v (t51 especially dur+ damp wea!r4 ,?ra%+ & ,clean+ ! ,se$4--,! date = ga!r+ ! se$ dep5ds ^u ! locality & climate1 b z a rule ?is w be ab\t midsumm]4 ,! ?ra%+ & clean+ ( ! se$ are (t5 def]r$ until q late 9 ! autumn1 except :]e ! cur+ is done 9 ! op5 air4 ,:]e l>ge quantities ( se$ are produc$ ! ?ra%+ is done ) ma*9es simil> to regul> gra9 ?ra%]s1 b :5 gr[n on a small scale ! se$ is remov$ by beat+ ) a flail4 ,aft] ! se$ has be5 ?ra%$1 !re is /ill consid]able dang] ( its heat+ or mold+ if left 9 too great bulk4 ,! usual practice is to run x ?r\gh a fann+ mill to remove ! du/ & small p>ticles ( ! heads or *aff t are brok5 up 9 ?ra%+4 ,9 =m] ye>s ! me?od ( clean+ 0 to place ! se$ 9 a tank ( wat] ! heavy se$ settl+ to ! bottom ( ! tank :ile ! *aff & light] portions c\ld be float$ (f4 ,?is process is no long] us$ to any great ext5t1 ow+ to ! improvem5t 9 clean+ ma*9]y1 & ! dang] ( injur+ ! se$ by ! wat]4 ,aft] ! se$ is fann$ & mo/ ( ! =eign matt] remov$1 x %\ld be spread ?9ly on ! floor or canvas & /irr$ f "t to "t4 ,ab\t ! only te/ t c be appli$ 9 ord] to detect moi/ure 9 ! se$ is t ( feel+ x ) ! h&1 & anyone exp]i5c$ 9 ! h&l+ ( se$ w soon become exp]t at det]m9+ :5 x is safe to bag x ready = /orage or %ipm5t4 ,production ( ,se$ = ,onion-,set ,gr[+4--,frequ5tly ! se$ = onion-set gr[+ is produc$ f bulbs select$ f ! sets !mselves2 9 o!r words1 ! bulbs or "m bulbs are ! ov]gr[n sets4 ,ow+ to ! great quantity ( se$ employ$ 9 set gr[+ x is desirable to secure x *eaply1 & ! bulbs select$ f ! sets1 be+ small1 w produce a l>g] quantity ( se$ p] bu%el f "m bulbs ?an :5 gr[n 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! /ock se$ bulbs %\ld1 h[ev]1 be well matur$1 small neck$1 uni=m 9 size1 & select$ accord+ to an ideal %ape4 ,onion se$ f und]siz$ bulbs is n s desirable1 ev5 = set gr[+1 z t f /&>d bulbs4 ,! l5g? ( "t t onion se$ w reta9 its vitality dep5ds l>gely ^u maturity & climatic conditions4 ,well-matur$ se$ w always keep bett] ?an poorly rip5$ & inf]ior se$4 ,"u ord9>y conditions onion se$ loses its vitality v rapidly aft] ! second ye>1 especially if /or$ 9 a damp climate4 ,x w (t5 pay to %ip ! se$ to a dry climate = /orage4 ,production ( ,onion ,sets4--,! t]m set1 z appli$ to ! onion1 indicates a small1 und]siz$ bulb :i*1 :5 replant$ 9 ! gr\nd1 w produce a l>ge onion4 ,?is me?od ( produc+ onions is p]haps ! olde/ & n[ ! mo/ univ]sally employ$ = ! gr[+ ( small areas ( onions 9 ! g>d5 :]e an e>ly crop is desir$4 ,! common me?od ( produc+ sets is to plant a l>ge quantity ( se$ on a small area ( r ri* l& & ?us procure a great numb] ( bulbs t are und]siz$1 ow+ to cr[d+ & lack ( plant food4 ,! great] numb] ( ^! bulbs d n atta9 suffici5t size or maturity to produce se$ ! foll[+ season & are really plants 9 :i* ! process ( gr[? has be5 arre/$4 ,! climatic conditions gov]n+ ! production ( onion sets are practically ! same z ^? = /&>d onions1 al?\gh x is n necess>y to plant q s e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,z ! ess5tial feature ( gr[+ onion sets is ! cr[d+ toge!r ( ! plants 9 ! r[s1 a l>ge quantity ( se$ is requir$ to plant an acre4 ,! quantity ( se$ requir$ v>ies ) ! diff]5t localities4 ,! ideal onion set is almo/ globul> 9 %ape & a trifle less ?an half an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! color %\ld be bright & ! surface free f smut or spots4 ,! t]m pickl] is appli$ to ! onion j above sets 9 size1 or1 9 o!r words1 "o-half to ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! t]m boil]1 or /ew]1 is appli$ to ! size next l>g] ?an pickl]s1 :i* are too small = sale z /&>d onions1 or f ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* to #a-a_/d in*es 9 diamet]4 ,v>ieties ,us$ = ,sets4--,se$ ( almo/ any v>iety ( onion may be us$ = ! production ( sets1 b a great] dem& exi/s = ! di/9ctly yell[1 :ite1 & r$ colors4 ,9 ! trade ! sets are recogniz$ by _! color r ?an by actual v>ietal names4 ,! dem& = ! yell[ & ! :ite sets is great] ?an = ! r$1 & ^? ( ! globul> type are g5]ally pref]r$4 ,onion sets are sometimes gr[n f left-ov] se$1 9 :i* case a l>ge numb] ( v>ieties may be includ$4 ,9 ! pr9cipal set-gr[+ di/ricts1 :]e ! se$ has be5 locally gr[n = _m ye>s1 ! v>ieties are m or less di/9ct f ^? ( se$sm5's catalogues4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #ced1 #dcd2 ,ariz4 ,e4 ,s4 ,cir4 #ge2 ,colo4 ,e4 ,s4 #ha1 ,cir4 #e2 ,n4 ,mex4 ,e4 ,s4 #eb1 #gd2 ,oreg4 ,e4 ,s4 #gd2 ,n4 ,y4 ,e4 ,s4 #bjf2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #bb2 ,n4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #ab2 ,s4 ,dak4 #dg2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #f2 ,kans4 ,e4 ,s4 #gj47 ,,p>sley4 ,aft] soak+ ! se$s ( p>sley = a few h\rs 9 w>m wat]1 !y may be s[n 9 ! same mann] z cel]y se$ & ! plants transplant$ to ! op5 gr\nd4 ,at ! ,nor?1 p>sley w live ov] w9t] 9 a cold frame or pit1 & 9 ! ,s\? x w ?rive 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ ! w9t]1 b x c n )/& ! heat ( summ]4 ,! plants %\ld be set 9 r[s #ab in*es ap>t & e #d in*es 9 ! r[4 ,! leaves ( p>sley are us$ = g>ni%+s ar\nd meats & = flavor+ s\ps4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #bie2 ,n4 ,c>4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj47 ,,p>snip4 ,s[ ! se$s ( p>snip z e>ly z conv5i5t 9 ! spr+ 9 drills #ah in*es to #c feet ap>t4 ,?9 ! plants to /& #c in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,! p>snip requires a ri* soil & frequ5t cultivation4 ,! roots c be dug late 9 ! fall & /or$ 9 cell>s or pits1 or all[$ to rema9 :]e gr[n & dug z requir$ = use4 ,x is consid]$ be/ to all[ ! roots to become froz5 9 ! gr\nd1 z ! freez+ improves _! flavor4 ,z soon z ! roots beg9 to gr[ ! foll[+ spr+ !y w no long] be fit = use4 ,all roots n us$ dur+ ! w9t] %\ld be dug & remov$ f ! g>d51 z !y w produce se$ ! second season & become ( a we$y nature4 ,:5 ! p>snip has be5 all[$ to run wild ! root is consid]$ to be poison\s4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #bie2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,n4 ,c>4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb47 ,,peas4 ,g>d5 peas require a r ri* & friable soil ) good dra9age 9 ord] t ! fir/ plant+s may be made e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,f]tiliz]s t are high 9 nitrog5\s matt] %\ld n be appli$ to ! l& imm$iately be=e plant+1 z !y w h a t5d5cy to produce too great gr[? ( v9es at ! exp5se ( pods4 ,l& t has be5 well manur$ ! previ\s ye> w be f\nd satisfactory )\t additional f]tiliz]4 ,a s&y loam is to be pref]r$ = gr[+ peas1 b a good crop may be produc$ on clay soils2 h[ev]1 ! pods w be a few days lat] 9 =m+4 ,peas are easily gr[n & =m "o ( ! mo/ palatable ( g>d5 products4 ,= ! be/ results peas %\ld be plant$ 9 ! bottom ( a furr[ #f in*es 9 dep? & ! se$s cov]$ ) n m ?an #b or #c in*es ( soil4 ,if ! soil is heavy ! cov]+ %\ld be less ?an #b in*es4 ,aft] ! plants atta9 a height ( #d or #e in*es ! soil %\ld be work$ 9 ar\nd !m until ! tr5* is fill$4 ,! r[s = peas %\ld be #c feet ap>t = ! dw>f sorts & #d feet ap>t = ! tall k9ds4 ,a p9t ( se$ w plant ab\t #ajj feet ( s+le r[4 ,_m gr[]s foll[ ! practice ( plant+ 9 a d\ble r[ ) a #f-;in* space betwe54 ,! d\ble-r[ me?od is especially adapt$ = ! v>ieties t require "s =m ( support1 z a trellis c be plac$ betwe5 ! two r[s4 ,bru% /uck 9 ! gr\nd w answ] = a support = ! peas to climb ^u4 ,?ree-foot p\ltry nett+ makes a desirable trellis4 ,if peas are plant$ = autumn use1 ! e>lie/ v>ieties %\ld be employ$4 ,! fir/ plant+s %\ld be ( su* v>ieties z ,alaska or ,gradus1 :i* make a small b quick gr[?1 & may or may n be provid$ ) supports4 ,! dw>f sorts l ,am]ican ,wond] come on lat]1 require v little c>e1 & produce peas ( f9e quality4 ,! tall-gr[+ sorts ( ! ,telephone type are desirable = /ill lat] use on acc\nt ( _! l>ge production & excell5t quality4 ,sug> peas h t5d] pods & if ga!r$ v "y ! pods may be eat5 9 ! same mann] z snap beans4 ,9 ord] to ma9ta9 a cont9u\s supply ( fre% peas1 plant+s %\ld be made e t5 days or two weeks dur+ ! spr+ mon?s1 beg9n+ z soon z ! gr\nd c be work$4 ,9 ! extreme ,s\? peas may be gr[n dur+ ! entire w9t]4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,n4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj1 #aij2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #he1 #ia2 ,del4 ,e4 ,s4 #da2 ,colo4 ,e4 ,s4 #agb47 ,,pepp]s4 ,plant ! se$ ( pepp]s 9 a hotb$1 & transplant to ! op5 gr\nd z soon z x is w>m1 or s[ ! se$s 9 ! g>d5 aft] all dang] ( fro/ is pa/4 ,:5 gr[n 9 ! g>d5 ! plants %\ld be 9 r[s #c feet ap>t & #ae to #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! plants require ab\t ! same treatm5t z ! tomato4 ,pepp]s are divid$ into two classes--! sweet v>ieties1 :i* are eat5 z vegetables1 & ! pickl+ v>ieties1 :i* are us$ = pickles or dri$ & p[d]$1 9 :i* =m !y are mu* us$ 9 ,mexico4 ,( ! sweet pepp]s ! v>ieties ,sweet ,m\nta91 ,ruby ,k+1 & ,l>ge ,bell are good /&>d v>ieties2 & ( ! pickl+ pepp]s1 ! ,cay5nes & ,*ilies are l>gely us$4 ,! pickl+ v>ieties are all m or less pung5t & %\ld nev] be prep>$ ) b>e h&s1 because ! burn+ s5sation is v difficult to elim9ate4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 #f2 ,p4 ,rico #g2 ,i[a1 ,e4 ,s4 #dg2 ,n4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb47 ,,physalis4 ,! physalis is also kn[n z ! gr\nd-*]ry or husk-tomato4 ,s[ ! se$ 9 a hotb$ or cold frame & transplant to ! g>d5 aft] dang] ( fro/ is pa/1 or ! se$s may be s[n 9 ! r[ :]e ! plants are to rema9 & ?9n$ to #ab or #ah in*es4 ,no p>ticul> c>e is requir$ except to keep !m free f we$s4 ,!re are a l>ge numb] ( v>ieties ( ! physalis1 & ! fruits v>y 9 size & color4 ,! v>iety commonly us$ 9 g>d5s produces a bright-yell[ fruit1 :i* is ab\t ! size ( an ord9>y *]ry4 ,t[>d fall ! fruits w drop to ! gr\nd & w be protect$ = "s "t by _! husks4 ,if ga!r$ & plac$ 9 a cool place ! fruits w keep = a long "t4 ,! physalis w self-s[ & may become a we$1 b x is easily controll$4 ,a few ( ! volunte] plants may be lift$ 9 ! spr+ & plac$ 9 r[s in/ead ( mak+ a special s[+ ( se$4 ,t5 plants w produce all ! husk-tomatoes desir$ by ! av]age family4 ,! fruits are excell5t = mak+ pres]ves & m>malade4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fh47 ,,potato4 ,! t]m potato1 :5 n modifi$ by an adjective1 sugge/s to ! m9d ( an ,am]ican ! s-call$ potato 7,solanum tub]osum74 ,:5 ! "n is modifi$ by ! ^w sweet1 ref]5ce is made to a diff]5t plant1 belong+ to ! morn+-glory family & kn[n botanically z ,ipomoea batatas4 ,att5tion is "h direct$ entirely to ! ,iri% potato4 ,soil & ,rotation4--,! potato is gr[n 9 e ,/ate & ,t]ritory1 & naturally on a great v>iety ( soils4 ,inde$1 x has be5 gr[n on ne>ly e class ( soils1 b ?is fact does n m9imize ! importance ( select+ = ! potato ! k9d ( soil be/ adapt$ to x4 ,! ideal soil = ?is crop %\ld be "o s light z to (f] no great resi/ance to ! enl>gem5t ( ! tub]s1 s suppli$ ) organic matt] z to be r moi/ )\t be+ wet1 & s ri* z to furni% an unfail+ supply ( f]tiliz+ +r$i5ts4 ,a ri*1 s&y loam abundantly suppli$ ) organic matt] & naturally well dra9$ is pref]able4 ,/iff] soils may be r5d]$ suitable = ! potato by dra9age & by ! incorporation ( f>m manures2 or bett]1 by pl[+ "u gre5 crops4 ,v heavy clay %\ld be avoid$ if ! f>m conta9s any light] soil4 ,rec5tly cle>$ gr\nd suits ! potato4 ,s&y soils1 if n too subject to dr\ght1 may be fitt$ = ?is plant by ! addition ( organic matt]4 ,x is claim$ t potatoes gr[n on s&y l& are ( bett] quality ?an ^? gr[n on /iff] soil4 ,! potato requires a ri* soil1 b ev5 m important ?an natural f]tility is a prop] me*anical condition ( ! soil4 ,artificial f]tiliz]s may be sub/itut$ 9 "p = natural f]tility1 b !y are effective only :5 ! soil is 9 su* a condition z to furni% a con/ant supply ( wat]4 ,! potato %\ld h ! be/ soil on ! f>m1 s9ce x is m exact+ 9 ?is respect ?an ! o!r /aple crops & s9ce ! product ( an acre is g5]ally ( great] value4 ,! success ( ! potato is l>gely dep5d5t on ! crops prec$+ x 9 ! rotation4 ,if clov]1 c[peas1 or o!r legum9\s plant is gr[n j prec$+ potatoes1 its /ubble furni%es organic matt] & adds to ! /ore ( available nitrog5 9 ! soil4 ,corn aft] sod frequ5tly prec$es potatoes1 & ?is is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! be/ rotation4 ,rye is sometimes s[n 9 late summ] or fall & pl[$ "u s z to light5 a heavy soil4 ,buck:eat & o!r plants h also be5 us$ = ! same purpose4 ,on light soils & 9 r mild climates1 crimson clov] = gre5 manur+ may advantage\sly take ! place ( rye :]e e>ly plant+ ( potatoes is n specially desirable4 ,"o ye>1 or at mo/ two ye>s1 is z long z a field %\ld be devot$ to cont9u\s potato culture1 al?\gh ?is crop is sometimes gr[n = m ?an two ye>s 9 succession on ! same l&4 ,?is latt] c\rse taxes heavily ! f]tility ( ! soil & necessitates lib]al manur+2 moreov] x involves consid]able risk ( injury f fung\s diseases1 especially f potato scab4 ,a clean crop ( potatoes c n1 z a rule1 be gr[n on l& :i* 9 ! prec$+ ye> produc$ scabby tub]s4 ,! g]ms ( ! disease once 9 ! soil mu/ be />v$ out by gr[+ on ! infect$ field o!r crops1 su* z grass or gra91 = sev]al ye>s4 ,9 c]ta9 localities 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & else:]e ! foll[+ ?ree ye>s' rotation has giv5 highly satisfactory results on f>ms :]e potatoes are ext5sively gr[n2 ,fall :eat1 9 :i* clov] is se$$ 9 ! spr+2 second ye>1 clov]1 pl[$ "u 9 fall or w9t]2 & ?ird ye>1 potatoes4 ,9 "s localities ! unc]ta9ty 9 obta9+ a cat* ( clov] r5d]s ?is rotation inexp$i5t4 ,detail$ directions = ! prep>ation ( "o class ( soils w\ld n apply to o!rs1 h5ce x c only be said t prep>ation %\ld be deep & ?or\gh1 & t unnecess>y compact+ ( ! soil %\ld be avoid$4 ,pl[+ c sc>cely be too deep1 provid$ t mu* ( ! subsoil is n br\ght to ! surface2 :5 practicable1 ! dep? %\ld be gradually increas$ f ye> to ye>4 ,?\gh ! tub]s are usually =m$ )9 #f in*es ( ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 ! roots fe$ deep]4 ,practical exp]i5ce1 z well z ! ext5t ( ! di/ribution ( potato roots 9 ! soil1 emphasize ! importance ( deep & ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil = ?is crop4 ,:e!r fall pl[+ is advisable dep5ds on a v>iety ( local consid]ations4 ,9 g5]al 9 a mild climate fall pl[+ ( light l& exposes x to lea*+2 on ! o!r h&1 fall pl[+ is sometimes necess>y1 z1 = example1 :5 a field is badly infe/$ ) injuri\s insects4 ,f]tiliz+4--,! potato requires lib]al manur+4 ,b>ny>d manure usually af=ds a l>ge increase 9 ! crop1 = n only does x supply nitrog51 phosphoric acid1 & pota%1 b x improves ! me*anical conditions ( ! soil4 ,h[ev]1 its direct application to ! potato af=ds conditions favorable to potato diseases1 & ?us injures ! quality ( ! crop4 ,= ?is reason ! be/ practice is to apply b>ny>d manure to corn or grass ! ye> be=e ! potatoes are gr[n4 ,if x is consid]$ necess>y to apply x directly to ! potato crop x %\ld fir/ be well rott$4 ,if = sev]al ye>s be=e potatoes are plant$ ! l& has be5 prop]ly manur$ ) f>m manures1 or ) gre5 crops pl[$ "u1 comm]cial f]tiliz]s c be advantage\sly us$ on mo/ soils4 ,g5]ally1 a complete f]tiliz] %\ld be us$--i4 e41 "o :i* conta9s nitrog51 phosphoric acid1 & pota%4 ,! f>m] is ju/ifi$ 9 supply+ all ?ree ( ^! f]tiliz+ +r$i5ts1 unless by previ\s te/s he has le>n$ t on 8 soil a c]ta9 "o ( !m c be safely omitt$4 ,( nitrog5\s f]tiliz]s1 "o ( ! be/ = potatoes is ! quick-act+ nitrate ( soda4 ,( phosphatic f]tiliz]s1 sup]phosphate is pref]r$4 ,among pota% f]tiliz]s ! sulphate ( pota% has be5 f\nd to af=d a bett] quality ( potato ?an ka9it & muriate ( pota%4 ,a%es1 are ext5sively & effectively us$ to supply pota% to potatoes4 ,z little f>my>d manure is available 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates :]e ! e>ly crop ( potatoes is *iefly produc$1 ?is seldom ent]s z a factor 9 ! production ( ! crop4 ,comm]cial f]tiliz]s ( a nature especially adapt$ to ! potato crop =m ! *ief reliance ( ! gr[]s4 ,a f]tiliz] c>ry+ #c to #d p] c5t ( nitrog51 #f to #h p] c5t ( phosphoric acid1 & #h to #aj p] c5t ( pota% is us$ at ! rate ( #ejj to #a1ejj p\nds to ! acre1 dep5d+ ^u ! crop :i* is to foll[ ! potato crop & ! lib]ality ( ! gr[]4 ,! f]tiliz] may be appli$ broadca/ if put on at ! rate ( #a1jjj p\nds or m to ! acre4 ,:5 less ?an #a1jjj p\nds to ! acre are us$ x is almo/ univ]sally appli$ along ! l9e ( ! r[1 a furr[ be+ op5$ = ! reception ( ! f]tiliz]2 :i* is scatt]$ by h& or by a di/ributor :i* c be us$ to f]tilize sev]al r[s at a "t4 ,aft] ! f]tiliz] has be5 di/ribut$1 a cultivator is run along ! l9e ( ! r[s to incorporate ! f]tiliz] ) ! soil 9 ord] to prev5t its com+ 9 contact ) ! se$ :5 plant$4 ,sometimes ! furr[ is refill$ & reop5$ prior to ! plant+ ( ! se$1 s z to incorporate ! f]tiliz] m completely ) ! soil4 ,/ill ano!r plan is to op5 ! furr[1 di/ribute ab\t "o-half ! quantity ( f]tiliz] to be us$ 9 ! bottom1 incorporate x ) ! soil1 plant ! potatoes1 p>tially cov] !m1 & scatt] ! rema9d] ( ! application on ! se$ b$ above ! se$4 ,plant+4--,! r[s %\ld be laid (f z close toge!r z practicable )\t int]f]+ ) horse cultivation4 ,g5]ally ! se$ pieces %\ld be dropp$ 9 furr[s made 9 ! level field & n on ridges4 ,h[ev]1 l[ ridges are advantage\s = an e>ly crop & on poorly dra9$ l&4 ,9 cov]+ ! se$ pieces1 :e!r !y are plant$ flat or on ridges1 x is well to leave a small1 %>p ridge m>k+ ! l9e ( ! r[4 ,9 "s localities1 h[ev]1 :]e excessive moi/ure is n fe>$1 ! op5+ furr[s are only p>tially fill$ aft] plant+1 leav+ a depression along ! r[ to be fill$ by ! use ( ! smoo?+ h>r[ or o!r implem5t4 ,9 plant+ late 9 ! season ?is c\rse is sometimes advisable4 ,! pieces may be dropp$ by h& 9 ! op5 furr[1 or a potato plant] may be us$1 dropp+ & cov]+ ! se$ pieces at "o op]ation4 ,!re are sev]al potato plant]s t d v satisfactory "w1 b _! co/ re/ricts _! use to ^? :o plant a l>ge acreage 9 potatoes or to cases :]e sev]al f>m]s c use "o toge!r4 ,_! m ext5d$ use is p]haps desirable1 s9ce !y save a consid]able am\nt ( labor & enable ! potato gr[] to take full advantage ( ev5 a brief p]iod ( favorable wea!r at plant+ "t reg>dless ( sc>city ( labor4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! gr\nd & 9 plant+1 ! e>? along ! l9e ( ! r[ %\ld be compact$ z little z possible consi/5t ) ?or\gh "w1 & h5ce ! team %\ld be made to walk betwe5 ! r[s :5ev] possible in/ead ( along ! drill4 ,!re is a simple potato cov]] con/ruct$ some:at l a triangul> sn[pl[1 ) ! wide end =w>d & a portion ( ! po9t or apex cut away s z to leave a n>r[ op5+ at ! re>4 ,no special implem5t1 h[ev]1 is requir$ = ?is purpose4 ,plant+ ,ma*9es4--,plant+ potatoes by h& on any l>ge scale is out ( ! "q on acc\nt ( ! exp5se4 ,! l>ge potato gr[] c ( c\rse af=d ! mo/ mod]n ma*9]y4 ,9 a community ( small potato gr[]s x is possible = !m to own ma*9]y jo9tly1 & ?us avoid any l>ge exp5se to ! individual f>m]4 ,! two mo/ exp5sive ma*9es connect$ ) potato gr[+ are ! plant] & ! digg]4 ,a ^w ( caution ab\t ! type ( plant] is p]haps desirable4 ,!re are "s plant]s :i* pick up ! se$ potatoes by means ( a prong or =k :i* breaks ! sk9 ( ! tub]4 ,?is exposes ! potato to any g]ms ( potato diseases :i* may be pres5t 9 ! soil4 ,fur!rmore1 x c>ries any g]m disease t may be on "s ( ! se$ potatoes to o!rs4 ,!re are plant]s :i* pick up ! potatoes 9 su* a way z n to break ! sk94 ,?is po9t is especially important 9 plant+ :ole se$4 ,9 plant+ cut se$ !re is /ill ! dang] ( transf]r+ ! disease f "o piece ( potato to ano!r4 ,:atev] plant] may be us$1 "s "o %\ld ride on ! ma*9e 9 ord] to see t x works regul>ly1 s z to give z ne>ly a p]fect /& z possible4 ,! improv$ plant]s ( today op5 ! furr[1 drop ! se$1 cov] x1 firm ! dirt ov] ! se$1 & m>k ! next furr[4 ,su* a plant] is drawn by two horses4 ,exp]im5ts ) potatoes plant$ 9 r[s all ! way f #cf to #db in*es ap>t indicate t ! be/ di/ance dep5ds ^u ! seasonal conditions & type ( soil2 x is a problem = ea* gr[] to solve = himself4 ,! di/ance ap>t ! potatoes %\ld be plant$ 9 ! r[ also dep5ds s mu* ^u ! v>iety1 ! f]tility ( ! soil1 ! availability ( wat]1 etc41 t ea* f>m] mu/ det]m9e ?is f 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,"t ( ,plant+4--,ea* community is ! be/ judge ( ! prop] date = plant+4 ,:]e potatoes are gr[n = ! e>ly m>ket ! aim is to plant z e>ly z possible1 )\t subject+ ! "y plants to sev]e cold4 ,! crop %\ld be plant$ at su* a date z to br+ ! /age ( gr[? dur+ :i* ! tub]s are rapidly develop+ at a "t :5 !re is ord9>ily an adequate supply ( moi/ure4 ,! mon? :5 dry wea!r is mo/ c]ta9 v>ies ) ! locality1 & ea* potato gr[] %\ld s "t 8 plant+ z to be lea/ affect$ by dr\ght4 ,:]e ! gr[+ season is long ! crop t is to be /or$ ov] w9t] %\ld be plant$ v late1 s t x may rema9 9 ! gr\nd until cool wea!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! season is %ort1 late v>ieties %\ld be plant$ 9 "t to rip5 be=e fro/4 ,dep? ( ,plant+4--,! ,toots ( a "y potato plant gr[1 n directly f ! se$ piece1 b f ! und]gr\nd jo9ts or nodes ( ! /em4 ,f ^! und]gr\nd nodes also gr[ ! %ort /ems :i* be> ! tub]s at _! extremities4 ,h5ce ! se$ pieces %\ld be plac$ deep en\gh 9 ! soil to p]mit sev]al ( ^! jo9ts to =m bel[ ! surface1 s z to af=d room = an ample supply ( roots & tub]-be>+ /ems to gr[4 ,_m exp]im5ts h be5 made to asc]ta9 ! be/ dep? = plant+4 ,! results1 ) "s exceptions1 favor plant+ n less ?an #d in*es deep4 ,! favorable effects ( deep plant+ 7 especially m>k$ on well-prep>$1 friable soil & 9 dry seasons4 ,v deep plant+ is op5 to objection because ( ! increas$ labor ( h>ve/+ & ! dang] ( a defici5t /& :5 wea!r conditions are unfavorable4 ,v %all[ plant+ r$uces ! yield & injures ! quality ( ! crop4 ,gr[+ ,se$ ,potatoes ,"u ,mul*4--,! ,nebraska ,exp]im5t ,/ation report$ an int]e/+ comp>ison ( ! value = se$ purposes ( potatoes gr[n "u mul* ) ^? gr[n ) ord9>y cultivation "u l conditions1 :i* indicates t ! mul* me?od (f]s a conv5i5t & practical means ( produc+ good home-gr[n se$s "u ,nebraska conditions4 ,! !ory ( ! me?od & ! results obta9$ 9 ! comp>ative te/s are ?us /at$3 ,potatoes are a cool-wea!r crop4 ,x is because ( ?is t !y succe$ s well 9 ! f> nor?4 ,moreov]1 potatoes require = _! be/ developm5t fairly uni=m conditions1 especially z reg>ds soil moi/ure & soil temp]ature4 ,?is be+ ! case1 :y %\ld n potatoes gr[n "u a litt] mul* be especially well develop$ & !re=e make /rong se$8 ,! soil b5ea? a mul* n only has a mod]ately l[ temp]ature dur+ summ]1 b its temp]ature is also exceptionally uni=m1 v>y+ n m ?an a degree or two betwe5 day & night & only a few degrees f day to day4 ,! soil moi/ure b5ea? a good mul* is also m abundant & mu* m ne>ly uni=m 9 am\nt ?an 9 case ( b>e gr\nd1 ev5 ?\gh ! latt] is giv5 good tillage4 ,! value = se$ purposes ( tub]s gr[n "u a litt] mul* has be5 te/$ dur+ two seasons at ! exp]im5t /ation4 ,9 #aijd a plat ( potatoes 0 mul*$ ) /raw & an adjo9+ plat 0 giv5 c>eful cultivation4 ,! soil ( ! two plats 0 practically uni=m & ! se$ plant$ on ! two plats 0 tak5 f ! same lot ( tub]s4 ,se$ 0 sav$ f ! mul*$ & cultivat$ plats sep>ately1 kept "u ! same conditions dur+ w9t]1 plant$ on adjo9+ plats 9 ! spr+ ( #aije1 & giv5 id5tical cultivation dur+ ! summ]4 ,9 #aijf ! exp]im5t 0 repeat$ ) se$ gr[n 9 mul*$ & 9 cultivat$ gr\nd ! ye> be=e4 ,! same precautions 7 obs]v$ z 9 ! fir/ te/4 ,uni=m se$ 0 us$ to />t ) 9 #aije4 ,! se$ sav$ f ! mul*$ & f ! cultivat$ plats 0 tak5 z x came1 )\t selection1 & 0 kept ov] w9t] "u ! same conditions4 ,bo? k9ds ( se$ 7 cut 9 ! same way1 plant$ 9 ! same way1 on adjo9+ plats1 & treat$ alike z reg>ds tillage1 spray+1 etc4 ,"u ^! conditions any con/ant diff]5ces 9 yield betwe5 ! two plats mu/ be ascrib$ to ! effect ( ! me?ods ( culture employ$ ! previ\s season4 ,! yields obta9$ f ! mul*$ & f ! cultivat$ se$ 7 z foll[s3 ,cultivat$ se$1 #chd p\nds 9 #aije2 mul*$ se$1 #efc p\nds 9 #aije2 cultivat$ se$1 #abc p\nds 9 #aijf2 mul*$ se$1 #agd p\nds 9 #aijf4 ,! use ( se$ t _h be5 gr[n "u a mul* ! prec$+ ye> increas$ ! yield ( potatoes #dg p] c5t 9 #aije & #da p] c5t 9 #aijf4 ,if fur!r te/s confirm ! results report$ "h1 x w\ld seem t mul*+ might be us$ = ! production ( high-grade se$ potatoes at home4 ,moreov]1 mul*+ usually results 9 increas$ yields if prop]ly h&l$4 ,mul*+ potatoes on a l>ge scale is ( c\rse impracticable1 b mo/ f>m]s c\ld easily mul* en\gh ( _! potato field to produce ! se$ t !y w\ld require ! foll[+ ye>1 & 9 do+ s !y w\ld n necess>ily increase ! co/ ( production p] bu%el4 ,"t to ,cut ,se$ ,potatoes4--,at lea/ ?ree ,am]ican exp]im5t /ations h conduct$ te/s to le>n ! effect ( cutt+ se$ potatoes sev]al days or weeks 9 advance ( plant+4 ,! results v>i$ some:at accord+ to ! l5g? ( "t t ! cut sets rema9$ unplant$1 b on ! :ole indicat$ no m>k$ diff]5ce 9 productiv5ess betwe5 plant+ fre%ly cut pieces & ^? t _h be5 cut = a week or less4 ,! inve/igations ( ,kraus & ( ,wollny 9 ,g]many l$ to ! conclusion t a slight wilt+ ( ! se$ pieces increas$ ! yield on moi/ soils & 9 wet seasons1 b r$uc$ x on soils n ret5tive ( wat] & 9 dry seasons4 ,on ! :ole x appe>s t ! /or+ ( cut pieces = sev]al days1 :i* sometimes becomes necess>y1 is att5d$ ) no great disadvantages4 ,( c\rse due c>e %\ld be tak5 9 su* in/ances to prev5t heat+1 & x may be well to du/ ! cutt+s ) gypsum 7l& pla/]7 to prev5t excessive wilt+4 ,se$ ,end v4 ,/em ,end4--,:5 potatoes are cut 9 half ?r\gh _! small] diamet] !re is a se$ or bud end m or less cr[d$ ) eyes & a /em or butt end on :i* !re are few eyes4 ,exp]im5ts to det]m9e ! relative values ( cutt+s f ! /em end & f ! se$ end ( ! tub] h be5 num]\s4 ,! majority ( ^! %[$ t ! yield 0 great] :5 ! se$ end 0 us$4 ,! sup]ior productiv5ess ( ! se$ end z comp>$ ) ! /em end 0 ma9ta9$1 :e!r ! halves ( ! potatoes1 ! ?irds1 or small] cutt+s 7 employ$4 ,effect ( spr\t+4--,! gr[? ( spr\ts be=e plant+ is made at ! exp5se ( ! tub]s f :i* !y draw _! support4 ,h5ce if ^! %oots are rubb$ (f be=e plant+ !re is a total loss ( ! nutrim5t conta9$ 9 !m4 ,moreov]1 num]\s weak %oots gr[ f ! injur$ eye4 ,to prev5t ^! evil consequ5ces ( premature spr\t+1 se$ potatoes are /or$ 9 a d>k1 dry1 cool place4 ,9 spite ( all precautions ! tub]s sometimes spr\t2 b :5 practicable only potatoes t h n spr\t$ %\ld be select$ = plant+4 ,if ! eyes appe> dormant 9 spr+1 se$ potatoes may be expos$ to ! light & w>m? = a few days be=e plant+ s z to promote g]m9ation & prompt gr[?4 ,if long expos$1 spr\ts w =m & c>eful cutt+ & plant+ by h& become necess>y1 s z to avoid break+ ( ^! spr\ts4 ,quantity ( ,se$ ,potatoes p] ,acre4--,a bu%el ( potatoes 7#fj p\nds7 may conta9 #bdj qu>t]-p\nd tub]s4 ,:5 ! se$ pieces are plant$ a foot ap>t 9 #c-;foot r[s an acre requires #ad1ebj sets4 ,:5 tub]s av]ag+ #d ounces are employ$ an acre requires at ^! di/ances #fj bu%els = plant+ :ole potatoes1 #cj bu%els :5 halves are us$1 & #ae bu%els :5 qu>t]s are plant$4 ,9 a numb] ( te/s ! am\nt ( se$ cut to #b eyes1 spac$ #a by #c feet1 av]ag$ #ac bu%els p] acre1 ! usual range be+ f #aj to #ad bu%els4 ,9 #ah exp]im5ts ) _m v>ieties ! av]age am\nt ( se$ cut to s+le eyes 0 at ^! di/ances #f4c bu%els p] acre1 ! usual range be+ f #e to #g bu%els1 ?\gh ! v>ieties ) l>ge tub]s be>+ few eyes requir$ consid]ably m se$4 ,size ( ,se$ ,pieces4--,9 ! size ( ! se$ piece plant$ ! practice ( diff]5t f>m]s v>ies widely1 "s advocat+ a lib]al use ( se$ & o!rs claim+ equally good results f small cutt+s4 ,to aid 9 settl+ ?is "q ! ,/ate agricultural exp]im5t /ations h made num]\s te/s ( se$ pieces ( diff]5t sizes4 ,tak5 sep>ately ^! exp]im5ts %[ c]ta9 am\nt ( div]g5ce 9 results1 z might naturally be expect$ ( te/s conduct$ "u widely diff]5t conditions4 ,h[ev]1 ! majority ( ^! te/s1 & especially ! figures express+ ! av]age results ( all available ,am]ican exp]im5ts1 may be safely tak5 z indications ( :at ! f>m]1 "u ord9>y conditions1 w g5]ally1 b n always obta94 ,! effect ( size ( se$ pieces on yield ( crop w be treat$ "h "u ?ree di/9ct heads3 7#a7 ,on ! total yield2 7#b7 on ! gross yield ( salable potatoes1 & 7#c7 on ! net yield ( salable potatoes1 i4 e41 aft] d$uct+ ! am\nt ( se$ plant$4 ,effect on ,total ,yield4--,9 mak+ up ! av]ages bel[ x 0 f\nd practicable to use ! results ( #ai te/s ( s+le eyes v4 #b-;eye pieces1 #d te/s ( #b-;eye cutt+s v4 qu>t]s1 #ag comp>isons ( qu>t]s & halves1 & #dd te/s ( halves v4 :ole potatoes4 ,! results ( o!r exp]im5ts less completely report$ 7 us$ = ! purpose ( corroboration4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! av]age results ( ^! te/s1 includ+ potatoes ( all sizes3 ,bu%els4 ,p] c5t4 ,excess f use (-- #b-;eye pieces ov] #a-;eye pieces #bf #ba ,qu>t]s ov] #b-;eye pieces #ae #af ,halves ov] qu>t]s #bd #ah ,:ole tub]s ov] halves #ca #ah ,if !re are comp>$ all ! total yields ) ! total yield produc$ by s+le eyes !re appe>s an increase ( #ba p] c5t = #b-;eye pieces1 #da p] c5t = qu>t]s1 #fg p] c5t = halves1 & #if p] c5t = entire tub]s4 ,! total yield result+ f plant+ :ole potatoes is practically d\ble t obta9$ by plant+ s+le eyes4 ,?us f> !re is consid]$ only ! total yield1 i4 e41 l>ge & small potatoes1 & x is f\nd t ! total yield increases some:at uni=mly z ! size ( ! se$ piece is increas$4 ,! f>m] & g>d5]1 h[ev]1 h to consid] o!r factors ?an ! total yield1 = a heavy crop may consi/ v l>gely ( tub]s too small = ! m>ket1 or ! great exp5ditures = se$ :5 l>ge pieces are plant$ may m ?an c\nt]balance ! increas$ yield4 ,be=e not+ ! gross & net yields ( l>ge or salable tub]s1 result+ f se$ pieces ( diff]5t sizes1 x is well to consid] ! causes induc+ a some:at regul> increase 9 total yield accompany+ ! use ( l>g] se$ pieces4 ,sev]al causes op]ate to increase ! yield :5 l>ge se$ pieces are plant$4 ,! l>g] ! cutt+ ! great] g5]ally ! numb] ( eyes & ! numb] ( /alks4 ,! "y %oot1 be=e x develops a /rong sy/em ( fe$+ roots1 is dep5d5t = nutrim5t on ! mat]ial /or$ up 9 ! se$ piece2 h5ce ! m abundant ?is supply ! m vigor\s ! gr[? ( ! plant & ?is increas$ luxuriance is n conf9$ to ! e>ly /ages ( gr[?1 b is m>k$ ?r\gh\t ! gr[+ season4 ,inve/igation has %[n t sev]+ ! connection betwe5 ! se$ piece & ! gr[+ v9e1 ev5 aft] ! latt] is ?or\ghly root$1 r$uces ! yield ( potatoes4 ,! dang] ( p>tial or entire failure result+ f an imp]fect /& is mu* great] ) small cutt+s ?an ) l>ge se$ pieces4 ,! small pieces ) ext5sive cut surfaces are liable to p]i% %\ld ! season be unfavorable1 ei!r ?r\gh excessive moi/ure or dr\ght4 ,! spr\ts f small cutt+s be+ weak] rea* ! surface ) difficulty1 or fail entirely on soil n prop]ly prep>$4 ,effect on ,gross ,salable ,yield4--,by av]ag+ ! results ( ! exp]im5ts ref]r$ to above1 x is f\nd t ! actual increase 9 ! potatoes ( salable size due to us+ l>g] se$ pieces 0 z foll[s1 e increase 9 ! size ( ! se$ pieces be+ foll[$ by an increas$ gross salable yield3 ,bu%els4 ,p] c5t4 ,excess f use (-- #b-;eye pieces ov] #a-;eye pieces #bc #ba ,qu>t]s ov] #b-;eye pieces #aj #ae ,halves ov] qu>t]s #ae #ae ,:ole tub]s ov] halves #ad #aj ,effect on ,net ,salable ,crop4--,be=e conclud+ t ! l>ge/ se$ pieces are ! mo/ pr(itable x becomes necess>y to d$uct f ! crop ! am\nt ( se$ plant$4 ,x is pla9 t ! increas$ am\nt ( se$ potatoes requir$ :5 l>g] pieces are us$ may m ?an c\nt]balance ! increase 9 yield obta9$4 ,! true te/ ( pr(it is ! m>ket value ( ! crop produc$1 less ! co/ ( se$ plant$4 ,%\ld ! quantity ( se$ potatoes us$ be subtract$ f ! total yield ( l>ge & small potatoes or f ! salable crop8 ,if small or unsalable se$ potatoes are plant$1 !n ! =m] c\rse is ! prop] "o1 b s9ce l>ge or m$ium tub]s 7ei!r entire or cut7 are g5]ally select$ = se$ purposes1 x seems be/ to subtract ! se$ f ! salable crop1 ?us asc]ta9+ ! net salable yield4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! actual av]age results = ! net salable yield2 t is1 ! crop aft] d$uct+ ! small potatoes & ! se$ us$3 ,bu%els4 ,p] c5t4 ,excess f use (-- #b-;eye pieces ov] #a-;eye pieces #ae4j #ad ,qu>t]s ov] #b-;eye pieces #g4j #ae ,halves ov] qu>t]s #e4j #f ,halves ov] :ole tub]s #h4e #h ,! am\nt ( ! net salable crop rose ) ! increase 9 ! size ( ! cutt+ employ$1 b :5 ! :ole potato 0 plant$ ! figures decl9$ on acc\nt ( ! l>ge am\nt ( se$ potatoes :i* _h to be d$uct$4 ,! above figures indicate a v slight advantage 9 plant+ halves r ?an qu>t]s :5 ! price ( se$ & crop produc$ are ! same4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 spr+ prices are usually some:at high] ?an fall prices4 ,a high price = se$ potatoes may make x pr(itable to plant small] pieces 7z1 = example1 qu>t]s7 ?an w\ld be economical :]e se$ & crop comm& ! same price p] bu%el4 ,am\nt ( ,se$ ,potatoes4--,9 ! foll[+ diagram #ajj repres5ts ! total yield f plant+ s+le eyes4 ,! figures may be read z bu%els p] acre1 if x is con/antly borne 9 m9d t !re are be+ consid]$ soils ( su* "* z to av]age #ajj bu%els ( l>ge & small potatoes p] acre :5 plant$ ) #a-;eye pieces4 ,! fir/ gr\p answ]s ! "q1 ,:at size ( se$ piece g5]ally af=ds ! l>ge/ yield ( l>ge & small potatoes8 ,! second gr\p answ]s ! qu]y3 ,:at size ( se$ piece g5]ally gives ! greate/ yield exclusive ( small potatoes8 ,! ?ird gr\p (f]s an answ] to a /ill m important "q3 ,:at size ( se$ piece g5]ally produces ! l>ge/ yield aft] d$uct+ bo? ! small potatoes & ! am\nt ( se$ plant$8 ,yield f plant+ diff]5t se$ pieces1 assum+ #ajj z ! total yield f s+le eyes4 ,,relative ,,total ,,yield4 #a eye44444444444 #ajj #b eyes4444444444 #aba ,qu>t]s44444444 #ada ,halves4444444444 #afg ,:oles4444444444 #aif ,,relative ,,gross ,,salable ,,yield4 #a eye44444444444 #hg #b eyes4444444444 #aje ,qu>t]s44444444 #abc ,halves4444444444 #adb ,:oles4444444444 #aeg ,,relative ,,net ,,salable ,,yield4 #a eye44444444444 #hc #b eyes4444444444 #ie ,qu>t]s44444444 #aji ,halves4444444444 #aae ,:oles4444444444 #ajg ,tak+ z ! correct measure ( pr(it ! yield ( salable potatoes less ! am\nt ( se$ us$1 !re is se5 by ! ?ird section ( ! diagram t ) se$ & crop at ! same price p] bu%el x 0 m pr(itable 9 ^! te/s to plant halves ?an small] cutt+s & :ole potatoes4 ,if !re be tak5 acc\nt ( ! yield ( small potatoes ! advantage ( l>ge se$ pieces is ev5 great] ?an ! figures 9 ! la/ section ( ! diagram w\ld indicate1 = ! yield ( small potatoes is great] ) l>ge ?an ) small se$ pieces4 ,:]e l>ge quantities ( small potatoes c be pr(itably utiliz$1 z1 = example1 z se$ = ! second crop1 ! potato plant] may !re=e use q l>ge se$ pieces ) advantage4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! high] price ( potatoes 9 spr+ r ?an 9 fall is an argum5t 9 favor ( plant+ qu>t]s r ?an halves or :ole tub]s4 ,a numb] ( inve/igators h not$ t l>ge se$ pieces 7ei!r l>ge cutt+s or entire potatoes7 af=d an e>li] crop ?an v small cutt+s1 a matt] ( mu* int]e/ to gr[]s ( e>ly potatoes4 ,h[ev]1 "s gr[]s h report$ t uncut potatoes g]m9ate m sl[ly ?an l>ge cutt+s4 ,mo/ ( ^? :o raise potatoes = ! e>ly m>ket use l>ge cutt+s r ?an :ole potatoes4 ,9 ?is connection x may be said t ! se$-end half gives an e>li] crop ?an ! o!r half4 ,?is sugge/s ! exp$i5cy ( cutt+ a potato l5g?wise :5 halves or qu>t]s are to be plant$1 ?us secur+ on ea* piece "o or m ( ! eyes :i* g]m9ate fir/4 ,ano!r advantage ( cutt+ l5g?wise is t x insures a m ev5 di/ribution ( ! eyes on ! sev]al pieces4 ,( c\rse ?is sy/em is n practicable :5 v small cutt+s are to be made f long1 sl5d] potatoes1 s9ce ! l>ge am\nt ( expos$ surface w\ld r5d] ! long pieces susceptible to injury bo? f moi/ure & dryness4 ,if x is desir$ to cut ! potato into small pieces ! op]ator %\ld beg9 at ! /em end1 & ! pieces %\ld be cut 9 a compact %ape1 & ( z ne>ly equal size z is practicable )\t leav+ any piece entirely devoid ( eyes4 ,!re are special implem5ts = cutt+ potatoes1 & _! use is report$ z enabl+ a man to cut f\r or five times z _m bu%els ( se$ p] day z by h&4 ,! "* ( ! "w is said to be satisfactory4 ,no def9ite rule c be giv5 z to ! be/ size ( se$ piece1 = ?is dep5ds some:at on ! di/ance betwe5 ! hills & on ! "* ( ! soil & season4 ,ano!r important factor 9 det]m9+ ! prop] am\nt ( se$ is v>iety4 ,"s v>ieties are able to produce a crop almo/ z l>ge f small cutt+s z f l>ge pieces4 ,size ( ,se$ ,tub]s4--,a /udy ( m ?an a hundr$ exp]im5ts te/+ ! relative values ( l>ge1 m$ium1 & small uncut tub]s confirms ! g5]al law t an increase 9 ! weight ( se$ plant$ af=ds an increase 9 ! total crop4 ,! yield ( salable potatoes increases less rapidly ?an ! total yield4 ,) :ole potatoes z se$ ! salable yield rea*$ its extreme upw>d limit 9 "o te/ :5 tub]s weigh+ ab\t half a p\nd 7 plant$2 9 ano!r :5 ^? weigh+ #d-a_/b ounces 7 employ$4 ,! limit ( pr(itable increase 0 rea*$ ) tub]s weigh+ #d-a_/b & #c ounces respectively4 ,! size ( se$ tub]s select$ becomes a matt] ( importance :5 !y are to be cut1 = we h se5 t ! heavi] ! cutt+ ! l>g] ! total yield1 & se$ tub]s = cutt+ %\ld be ( su* size t _! halves1 qu>t]s1 or o!r divisions %all n be extremely small4 ,small ,potatoes = ,plant+4--,:e!r or n to use uncut small potatoes = se$ is an important "q on :i* f>m]s are divid$4 ,"s pres5t ! plausible argum5t t ! use ( und]siz$ potatoes results 9 deg5]ation4 ,if ?is claim is bas$ on ! results ( exp]i5ce x %\ld det]m9e practice1 b if ! conclusion is simply a g5]alization bas$ on ! fact t l>ge se$ usually give be/ results ! reason+ is defective1 & ! "q rema9s op54 ,! potato tub] is n a se$1 b an und]gr\nd /em1 & ! relations exi/+ betwe5 se$s & _! prog5y d n necess>ily exi/ betwe5 a tub] & its desc5dants4 ,o!rs hold t potatoes j bel[ m>ketable size1 if %apely & suffici5tly mature1 may be us$ )\t s]i\s det]ioration1 & t = economic reasons _! use is especially desirable1 because if n plant$ or us$ at home !y mu/ be lo/ or f$ to /ock1 = :i* purpose _! value is usually small] ?an ! m>ket price4 ,! result ( te/s at a numb] ( exp]im5t /ations h uni=mly indicat$ t small tub]s uncut c be us$ = se$ purposes )\t detrim5t to ! succe$+ crop4 ,x may /ill be urg$1 h[ev]1 t ! *oice ( small se$ ye> aft] ye> w result 9 deg5]ation4 ,on ?is "q ! in=mation is meag]1 b two exp]im5ts1 ext5d+ ov] f\r & eight ye>s1 respectively1 h be5 report$ 9 :i* no deg5]ation result+ f ! cont9u$ use ( small potatoes f ! prec$+ crop 0 app>5t4 ,al?\gh ! evid5ce seems fairly conclusive t small uncut se$ potatoes may sometimes be us$ ) pr(it1 x _c be advis$ t small se$ tub]s be select$ ye> aft] ye> f a crop :i* has be5 gr[n f small potatoes4 ,potatoes ( irregul> %ape & injur$ tub]s %\ld be reject$ z unfit = plant+4 ,numb] ( ,eyes & ,weight p] ,set4--,_m potato gr[]s cut tub]s into pieces conta9+ "o1 two1 or m eyes1 lay+ great] /ress on ! numb] ( eyes ?an on ! size ( ! cutt+4 ,ext5sive exp]im5ts at ! ,indiana /ation & else:]e prove t ( ! two factors1 numb] ( eyes & weight ( piece1 ! latt] is ! m important4 ,( c\rse x is desirable t ea* piece1 :e!r l>ge or small1 %\ld conta9 at lea/ "o eye1 & x has be5 g5]ally pr(itable = x to be ( su* size z to conta9 at lea/ sev]al eyes2 b :e!r x has "o or _m eyes x is important t ! se$ piece be heavy en\gh to furni% abundant nutrim5t to ! %oots :i* spr+ f x4 ,a s+le eye may give rise to sev]al /alks1 = ea* eye is a comp\nd bud or clu/] ( buds4 ,an eye c be bisect$1 & ea* half may !n gr[ successfully if x is n a victim to dryness or decay1 to :i* its expos$ condition subjects x4 ,9 "o s]ies ( exp]im5ts x 0 f\nd t ! numb] ( /alks gr[+ 9 a hill 0 less dep5d5t on ! numb] ( eyes ?an on ! size ( ! se$ piece1 :e!r cut or entire4 ,9 g5]al1 z ! numb] ( eyes p] piece increas$ ea* eye became less prolific 9 s5d+ up /alks1 s t !re 0 less cr[d+ ( /alks :]e l>ge se$ pieces ) _m eyes 7 us$ ?an w\ld be expect$ f ! l>ge numb] ( eyes plant$4 ,aft] num]\s exp]im5ts t\*+ on almo/ e aspect ( ?is subject ! inve/igator advis$ t tub]s be cut s z to make ea* piece ( a con/ant size or weight1 :atev] ! numb] ( eyes t might fall to its %>e4 ,cutt+s p] ,hill4--,a cu/om n uncommon among ^? :o plant small cutt+s is to drop two pieces 9 ea* hill4 ,!y usually get a l>g] yield by s do+ ?an by plant+ s+le pieces1 ! increase g5]ally1 ?\gh n always1 be+ suffici5t to pay = ! excess ( se$4 ,?is does n prove ! practice pr(itable1 = bett] results may be secur$ by plant+ a s+le piece weigh+ z mu* z ! comb9$ weight ( ! two pieces :i* w\ld h be5 dropp$ 9 "o hill4 ,?us ! labor ( cutt+ is consid]ably r$uc$ &1 :at is m important1 l>g] pieces improve ! *ances ( gett+ a good /& 9 an unfavorable season1 because !y h less expos$ surface ?an two small pieces ( equival5t weight1 h5ce are less liable to dry out excessively :5 dr\ght foll[s plant+4 ,!y are also bett] able to resi/ rott+ if wet wea!r prevails4 ,/alks p] ,hill4--,! mo/ common objection urg$ aga9/ plant+ l>ge se$ pieces is1 next to ! exp5se1 ! dang] ( hav+ ! hills s cr[d$ ) /alks1 & consequ5tly ) tub]s1 t a l>ge proportion ( ! potatoes nev] develop to m>ketable size4 ,?is objection is probably valid = entire tub]s1 & also = halves plant$ v close 9 ! r[4 ,! evid5ce available does n p]mit u to conclude t 9 ! case ( qu>t]s us$ z se$ !re results any injuri\s cr[d+1 & x may be que/ion$ :e!r halves give rise to ?is tr\ble :5 plant$ "u favorable conditions & at consid]able di/ance ap>t4 ,! numb] ( /alks t c be advantage\sly gr[n 9 ea* hill v>ies greatly ) v>iety1 season1 soil1 & di/ance ap>t4 ,di/ance ,betwe5 ,plants4--,9 decid+ on ! prop] di/ance at :i* to plant potatoes x is necess>y to take into consid]ation ! size ( ! se$ piece t is to be employ$4 ,9 g5]al1 small se$ pieces %\ld be plant$ close & ! di/ance allott$ to ea* hill %\ld be great] z ! weight ( ! piece is increas$4 ,close plant+ = small cutt+s is be/ atta9$1 n by n>r[+ ! r[ to less ?an ab\t #b-a_/b or #c feet 7= if ! di/ance is mu* less horse cultivation becomes difficult71 b by plant+ ! se$ pieces close toge!r 9 ! r[4 ,to frame a g5]al rule giv+ be/ di/ances = se$ pieces ( diff]5t sizes is pla9ly impossible1 = ! di/ance at :i* ! l>ge/ yields is obta9$ dep5ds also on ! v>iety1 ! season1 ! soil1 & ! f]tiliz]s4 ,h[ev]1 ! results ( "s ( ! inve/igations cov]+ ?is matt] af=d help 9 decid+ on ! prop] di/ance "u v>y+ conditions4 ,x has be5 %[n t if v small cutt+s are us$1 & if ! soil is f]tile1 ! di/ance c be r$uc$ to #f or #i in*es )\t sacrific+ ! yield1 provid$ ! season happ5s to be favorable1 b ?is is n g5]ally advisable4 ,on ri* soil cutt+s ( consid]able size c be advantage\sly plant$ z close z #ab in*es4 ,*eck+ effects a sav+ ( labor 9 cultivation1 & also 9 plant+ & h>ve/+1 :5 ^! latt] op]ations are p]=m$ by h&2 h5ce exp5sive labor & ! abs5ce ( ma*9es = plant+ & h>ve/+ ! crop are conditions 9 favor ( *eck+4 ,= plant+ 9 *ecks a v>iety c be *os5 :i* makes a l>ge gr[? ( v9es & :i* =ms _m tub]s 9 ea* hill1 ?us m completely utiliz+ ! space at its disposal ?an c\ld a v>iety ) small v9es & few tub]s4 ,9 *eck+ !re is dang] on ri* soil t "s ( ! tub]s may gr[ to an objectionable size4 ,potato gr[]s 9 attempt+ to obta9 a ph5om5al yield1 z 9 conte/s = prizes1 almo/ univ]sally plant 9 drills r ?an 9 hills1 & place ! se$ pieces f #h to #ae in*es ap>t4 ,! advocates ( plant+ 9 drills claim t by ?is me?od a l>g] yield c be obta9$1 & exp]i5ce seems to confirm ! correctness ( ?is view4 ,! few exp]im5ts t h be5 made on ?is "q are n entirely conclusive1 ?\gh ! majority ( !m favor drills4 ,al?\gh no fix$ rule reg>d+ di/ance ( plant+ c be giv51 ! foll[+ g5]al consid]ations are widely applicable3 7#a7 ,= maximum yield ( salable potatoes plant 9 r[s z n>r[ z c be conv5i5tly cultivat$4 7#b7 ,cr[d small se$ pieces close toge!r 9 ! r[1 increas+ ! di/ance ) e increase 9 ! size ( ! se$ piece2 avoid on ! "o h& su* close plant+ z to greatly r$uce ! av]age weight ( ! tub]s1 & on ! o!r su* wide spac+ z to leave any consid]able portion ( ! soil un%ad$ by ! full-gr[n v9es4 7#c7 ,z a rule1 ! ri*] ! l& ! less ! requir$ di/ance betwe5 sets4 7#d7 ,v>ieties ) /rong gr[? ( v9es or :i* set _m tub]s 9 a hill %\ld h great] di/ance betwe5 plants ?an is necess>y ) less vigor\s v>ieties4 ,cultivation4--,soon aft] plant+1 & aga9 j z ! "y plants are beg9n+ to appe> above gr\nd1 ! field %\ld be h>r[$1 incl9+ ! tee? ( ! h>r[ backw>d4 ,?is is a *eap me?od ( cultivation1 s9ce a wide space is cov]$4 ,x is also effective 9 de/roy+ small we$s1 9 level+ ! ridges left 9 plant+1 9 prev5t+ ! =mation ( a surface cru/1 & 9 keep+ ! l& cov]$ ) a mul* ( dry e>?1 ?us cons]v+ moi/ure )9 ! soil bel[4 ,subsequ5t cultivation %\ld be frequ5t s z to accompli% ^! same ends4 ,almo/ any patt]n ( cultivator may be us$1 provid$ x is made to d %all[ "w4 ,h[ev]1 if ! gr\nd has become pack$ ! fir/ cultivation may be deep]4 ,exp]i5ce & exact exp]im5ts g5]ally favor flat or ne>ly flat cultivation4 ,excessive hill+ dur+ cultivation int5sifies ! injuri\s effects ( dry wea!r4 ,x also results 9 break+ _m ( ! fe$+ roots betwe5 ! r[s4 ,! frequ5t use ( ! cultivator %\ld be sub/itut$ z f> z possible = hoe+4 ,if a sev]e fro/ is appreh5d$ soon aft] ! plants come up1 ! tops %\ld be cov]$ by ?r[+ a furr[ to ea* r[4 ,mul*+4--,:ile mul*+ ) hay1 /raw1 leaves1 or o!r litt] frequ5tly increases ! yield & is specially valuable 9 tid+ ov] a season ( dr\ght1 x is n g5]ally practicable on f>ms :]e potatoes are gr[n on a l>ge scale4 ,its place is 9 ! g>d5 r ?an 9 ! field4 ,x is a sub/itute = cultivation1 & x is g5]ally *eap] to ma9ta9 a soil mul* by frequ5t cultivation ?an to apply litt]4 ,if a mul* is employ$1 x c be appli$ ov] ! entire surface or 9 ! furr[ above ! se$ pieces1 or betwe5 ! r[s4 ,mul*+ 9 ! furr[ is n comm5d$ by ! results ( te/s 9 ,colorado1 ,l\isiana1 & ,mi*igan4 ,9 /riv+ = a l>ge yield1 ) little reg>d to co/1 or to insure aga9/ dr\ght1 mul*+ is useful4 ,mat]ial int5d$ to s]ve z a mul* %\ld fir/ be expos$ to ! wea!r1 s z to cause ! spr\t+ ( any se$ x may conta94 ,x is bett] to apply a mul* aft] potato plants h made "s gr[?1 z an e>li] application may result 9 smo!r+ "s plants & 9 injury f late fro/s4 ,h>ve/+ & ,/or+4--,! dea? ( ! v9es is ! signal = digg+ ! ma9 crop4 ,= ! e>ly m>ket potato gr[]s d n wait = ?is1 b are gov]n$ by ! size ( ! tub]s4 ,z long z any portion ( ! v9e is gre5 ! tub]s c cont9ue to gr[4 ,9 g>d5s v e>ly potatoes are sometimes obta9$ by c>efully remov+ a few ( ! l>g] tub]s f ! gr[+ plant1 replac+ ! soil & all[+ ! small] potatoes to cont9ue gr[+ 7grabb+74 ,! l>ge am\nt ( labor requir$ prohibits grabb+ except :5 e>ly potatoes are sell+ at a price v mu* high] ?an c be expect$ f ! lat] crop4 ,9 h>ve/+ a l>ge area a high-pric$ potato digg] is frequ5tly us$2 h& digg+ ) a f\r-t9$ =k is probably ! be/ me?od on small areas1 ?\gh _m make use ( a potato hoe or ( a pl[4 ,c>eful h&l+ always pays1 & extreme c>efulness is necess>y1 especially ) ! e>ly crop1 to prev5t injury to ! t5d] sk9 ( ! immature potatoes4 ,9 h>ve/+1 z well z 9 /orage1 potatoes %\ld be expos$ to light z little z possible4 ,9 /or+ potatoes a l[ temp]ature is requir$4 ,! potato tub] is un9jur$ by a temp]ature ( #cc ,f41 & "o au?ority gives ! freez+ temp]ature ( potatoes #cj4b ,f4 ,w>m? favors spr\t+1 :i* injures potatoes bo? = plant+ & eat+4 ,mo/ ( ! f>m]s h potato h\ses or cell>s con/ruct$ = /or+ _! /ock & hold+ ! unsold portion ( ! crop ?r\gh ev5 ! colde/ wea!r until !y c m>ket x4 ,"s gr[]s1 especially ^? ne> t[n1 dep5d on ! w>eh\ses ( ! deal]s alongside ! railroad tracks4 ,! common type ( /oreh\se on ! f>m is a cell> wall$ up ) concrete or /onework1 ab\t #h or #i feet deep1 ) a l[ wood5 ro( above x1 giv+ a consid]able space = ! /orage ( tools1 b>rels1 etc41 on ! floor above ! cell> portion4 ,^! cell>s are usually built on ! side ( a hill1 s t ! potatoes are unload$ d[n ?r\gh ! floor 9 ! fall & tak5 out at a l[] doorway dur+ ! w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,v]ne ,morton1 ,groton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,?or\gh ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,gr[+ ,,crop ,,is ,,an ,,ess5tial ,,( ,,successful ,,potato ,,rais+ ,grad+4--,! grad+ ( e>ly potatoes is q z important z ! grad+ ( fruits4 ,l>ge & small tub]s %\ld n be mix$ 9 ! same b>rel4 ,! pick]s %\ld be taught to ga!r ! l>ge & m]*antable tub]s 9 "o basket & ! small or se$ potatoes 9 ano!r1 & ^! if plac$ ^u ! m>ket %\ld g 9 sep>ate receptacles & be cle>ly m>k$ s z to repres5t ! grade4 ,if a me*anical sort] is us$ ?is "w w be m effectively accompli%$ ?an if left to ! pick]s4 ,! type ( grad] usually us$ is simil> to t employ$ 9 "s sections = grad+ apples & pea*es1 al?\gh ! common type ( potato grad] is a rot>y scre5 :i* sep>ates ! e>? f ! tub]s & all[s ! small tub]s to fall ?r\gh ! l>ge me%es ( ! scre5 be=e rea*+ ! g5]al outlet :i* c>ries away ^? ( m]*antable size4 ,! objection to a me*anical grad] ( ?is type is t x bruises ! immature tub]s & r5d]s !m some:at less attractive ?an :5 n s h&l$ & probably also %ort5s ! l5g? ( "t !y c be safely held on ! m>ket4 ,m>ket+4--,! p]i%able nature ( ! immature potato r5d]s x necess>y to place x ^u ! m>ket 9 su* quantities only z w admit ( imm$iate consumption4 ,produc]s 9 regions :]e ! gr[+ ( e>ly potatoes has be5 ext5sively develop$ appreciate ?is & h provid$ = ?is condition by organiz+ %ipp]s' associations ?r\gh :i* ! crop is grad$1 (t5 trade-m>k$1 & di/ribut$ *iefly 9 c>load lots4 ,! (fic]s ( ! association be+ 9 con/ant telegraphic communication ) ! v>i\s m>kets are ?us in=m$ reg>d+ ! mo/ satisfactory de/9ation = e consignm5t :i* may be necess>y4 ,x is ! purpose ( ^! associations1 h[ev]1 to conduct _! bus9ess 9 su* a way t ! product c be sold f4 o4 b4 %ipp+ po9t in/ead ( by consignm5t1 & ! be/ organiz$ associations are usually able to d ?is4 ,! great advantage ( su* a sy/em ( sell+ is t x enables ! brok]s 9 a small city or t[n to buy direct f ! produc] in/ead ( ?r\gh ano!r city brok]4 ,x enables ! consum] to obta9 fre% products1 z !y are %ipp$ direct f ! po9t ( production to ! place ( consumption4 ,! plan c>ries o!r b5efits :i* are ( great mom5t to ! produc]4 ,he is enabl$ to sell 9 c>load lots at %ipp+ po9t1 ?us sav+ to himself ! co/ ( transportation1 :i* ranges f #g to #ae p] c5t ( ! gross sell+ price4 ,! ex*ange secures a mu* wid] di/ribution ( ! crop1 ) ! result t ov]/ock$ m>kets are mu* less likely ?an "u ! consignm5t sy/em4 ,transportation companies provide bett] s]vice1 & claims are m promptly settl$ ?r\gh ! ex*ange ?an 9 ! case ( individuals4 ,?is plan enables ! produc] to be 8 own salesman4 ,x transf]s ! di/ribut+ po9t f ! city to ! field1 :]e x %\ld be4 ,x br+s ! m>ket to ! fields in/ead ( ! product to ! m>ket4 ,! ex*ange becomes ! f>m]'s commission h\se1 & x is mu* easi] to keep in=m$ reg>d+ ! transactions ( a home association ?an ( a =eign conc]n4 ,v>ieties4--,! foll[+ are among ! mo/ widely kn[n v>ieties3 ,e>ly1 ,e>ly ,ohio1 ,e>ly ,rose1 ,beauty ( ,hebron1 & ,triumph4 ,m$ium & late1 ,burbank1 ,rural ,new ,york] ,no4 #b1 ,empire ,/ate1 ,mammo? ,pe>l1 ,:ite ,/>1 & ,dakota ,r$4 ,^! are /&>d v>ieties1 & ?\gh n necess>ily ! be/1 !y seem to h giv5 g5]al satisfaction4 ,second-,crop ,potatoes = ,se$ at ! ,s\?4--,)9 rec5t ye>s !re has be5 a m>k$ increase 9 ! use ( second crop potatoes = se$ ?r\gh\t ! s\!rn potato-gr[+ sections4 ,?is crop is frequ5tly gr[n on ! same l& f :i* ! fir/ crop ( potatoes 0 h>ve/$4 ,9 mo/ in/ances1 h[ev]1 x foll[s beans or cucumb]s1 z ! se$ = ?is second potato crop is n usually plant$ until ,july or ,augu/4 ,! se$ = ?is crop is1 z a rule1 sav$ f ! e>ly crop1 ! small tub]s be+ /or$ 9 a well-v5tilat$ %$1 :]e !y are protect$ f ! direct action ( ! sun & f /orms until ab\t t5 days or two weeks be=e ! "t ( plant+1 :5 !y are spread ?9ly ^u ! gr\nd & lightly cov]$ ) /raw or litt] to p>tially protect !m f ! sun4 ,"u ^! conditions ! tub]s quickly gre5 & all ^? suitable = se$ w develop spr\ts4 ,z soon z ! spr\ts are visible1 & be=e !y are l>ge en\gh to be rubb$ (f 9 h&l+1 ! potatoes are ready to plant4 ,! product ( ?is plant+ gives a crop ( p>tially matur$ tub]s :i* are held ov] w9t] = spr+ plant+4 ,?is practice gives excell5t results 9 _m localities & is f\nd to be m economical ?an ! pur*ase ( nor!rn-gr[n se$4 ,to :at ext5t x is safe to foll[ ?is practice )\t r5ew+ ! se$ f ! ,nor? by ! use ( fully matur$ tub]s has n be5 det]m9$4 ,^? foll[+ ! me?od %\ld c>efully obs]ve ! quality & yield ( ! crop = ! purpose ( det]m9+ :e!r or n x is det]iorat+ "u ?is treatm5t4 ,9 g5]al1 x is believ$ t x w be )9 ! limits ( good practice to secure e second or ?ird ye> en\gh nor!rn-gr[n se$ to supply se$ = ! second crop2 9 fact1 "s ( ! mo/ successful gr[]s ( potatoes :o use second-crop se$ get en\gh nor!rn-gr[n se$ ea* ye> to supply plant+ mat]ial = ! second crop4 ,9 ?is practice x w be economy to err on ! side ( safety & obta9 fre% se$ frequ5tly f reliable nor!rn s\rces4 ,9 a majority ( in/ances x is f\nd t second-crop home-gr[n se$ is sl[] to g]m9ate & lat] 9 maturity ?an nor!rn-gr[n se$1 & z quick developm5t is an important elem5t 9 ! crop at ! ,s\?1 gr[]s are urg$ to consid] ?is po9t c>efully4 ,held-ov] ,se$4--,! cons5sus ( op9ion is t 9 s\!rn localities x is impracticable to keep e>ly potatoes f h>ve/ "t to ! next season's plant+ p]iod4 ,! conclusions ( ^? :o h giv5 ?is problem c>eful /udy are t ! exposure ( ! tub]s to ! sun at h>ve/ "t is ! *ief factor 9 det]m9+ _! keep+ qualities4 ,9 o!r words1 x is possible to keep potatoes 9 ! extreme ,s\? f season to season provid$ ! tub]s are n expos$ to ! sun aft] be+ dug4 ,!y %\ld be imm$iately c>ri$ to a protect$ place :]e !re is ample v5tilation & :]e !y w receive only diffus$ light1 su* z a cyclone or o!r cell>1 or ! basem5t ( a h\se1 or ev5 :]e bru% protection w prev5t ! sun %9+ directly ^u !m4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y t ! tub]s be well matur$ be=e be+ dug & t !y be ! product ( disease-free plants4 ,plants kill$ by blight yield tub]s :i* seldom keep well ev5 "u ! mo/ favorable conditions4 ,me?ods ( ,secur+ ,extra-,e>ly ,potatoes4--,"o ( ! mo/ important factors hav+ an influ5ce on ! pr(itabl5ess ( m>ket g>d5 crops is t ( e>l9ess4 ,a diff]5ce ( two or ?ree days or a week 9 plac+ a crop on ! m>ket (t5 makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 pr(it & loss1 & ! prices obta9$ = extra-e>ly crops h /imulat$ cultural exp]im5ts ) e k9d ( fruit & vegetables4 ,"s int]e/+ results along ?is l9e ) potatoes h rec5tly be5 report$ by ! ,kansas & ,rhode ,isl& /ations4 ,at ! ,kansas ,/ation se$ tub]s ( f\r diff]5t v>ieties ( m$ium-siz$ potatoes 7 plac$ 9 %all[ boxes ) ! se$ ends up 9 ,febru>y4 ,!y 7 pack$ 9 s&1 leav+ ! upp] f\r? ( ! tub]s expos$1 & ! boxes 7 plac$ 9 a room ) r subdu$ light1 hav+ a temp]ature ( #ej to #fj ,f4 ,vigor\s spr\ts soon pu%$ f ! expos$ eyes4 ,! :ole potatoes 7 plant$ 9 furr[s 9 ,m>* 9 ! same position !y occupi$ 9 ! boxes4 ,! same v>ieties ( potatoes tak5 f a /orage cell> 7 plant$ 9 p>allel r[s4 ,! s&-spr\t$ potatoes took ! lead f ! />t 9 vigor & /r5g? ( top & produc$ potatoes ! fir/ ( ,june1 a week e>li] ?an ! /orage-cell> potatoes4 ,at ! f9al digg+ !y %[$ bett] potatoes & gave a #aj p] c5t l>g] total yield4 ,9 o!r exp]im5ts "p ( ! potatoes 0 treat$ ! same z 9 ! fir/ te/1 except t ! s& 0 kept moi/5$1 & ! o!r "p 0 plac$ 9 op5 boxes & kept 9 a light room hav+ a temp]ature ( #ej ,f4 ,! tub]s plac$ 9 s& develop$ /rong spr\ts & ne>ly all root$4 ,:5 plant$ 9 ! field !y out/ripp$ bo? ! tub]s spr\t$ 9 op5 boxes & ! /orage-cell> tub]s 9 vigor ( gr[?4 ,! tub]s />t$ 9 ! op5 boxes gave e>li] yields ?an 7 obta9$ f ! /orage-cell> tub]s1 b n z e>ly z ! tub]s spr\t$ 9 moi/ s&4 ,! tub]s spr\t$ 9 moi/ s& produc$ table potatoes f #g to #aj days e>li] ?an ! /orage-cell> se$4 ,at ! ,rhode ,isl& ,/ation m$ium-siz$ :ole potatoes spr\t$ on racks1 9 a fairly w>m & light room1 gave a #bg p] c5t bett] yield at ! fir/ digg+ ?an potatoes kept 9 a cold cell> until plant+ "t2 & ?is 0 increas$ to #dj p] c5t at ! f9al digg+4 ,! p]c5tage ( l>ge tub]s 0 also great] at ea* digg+ ) ! spr\t$ tub]s4 ,! results ( ^! exp]im5ts are sugge/ive4 ,! h&l+ ( se$ potatoes 9 su* mann] z to secure /rong1 /ocky spr\ts be=e ! tub]s are plant$ out is %[n to be an important factor 9 increas+ bo? ! e>l9ess & ! total yield ( ! crop4 ,by plant+ only well-spr\t$ se$1 a full /& is assur$4 ,"o ( ! objections to ?is me?od ( gr[+ potatoes is ! l>ge am\nt ( space requir$ = expos+ ! tub]s to ! light = spr\t+4 ,?is objection has be5 ov]come 9 "p by ! use ( trays & racks4 ,at ! ,rhode ,isl& ,/ation ! rack us$ held #i trays4 ,ea* tray 0 #c-c_/d feet long & #a-a_/b feet wide1 & w\ld hold ab\t #a bu%el ( potatoes :5 spread out 9 a s+le lay] = spr\t+4 ,! bottoms ( ! trays 7 made ( pieces ( la? plac$ ab\t #a in* ap>t4 ,n9e trays 7 plac$ 9 a rack ov] ea* o!r1 leav+ ab\t #i in*es ( space betwe5 ea* tray4 ,?is me?od ( arrangem5t has ! advantage ( secur+ a v uni=m di/ribution ( light1 heat1 & air = all ! trays4 ,x greatly facilitates ! h&l+ ( ! potatoes & less5s ! dang] ( break+ (f ! spr\ts & transf]r+ to ! field = plant+4 ,ano!r me?od ( secur+ e>ly potatoes 9 ,rhode ,isl& on a comm]cial scale is t ( spr\t+ tub]s 9 a cold frame & plant+ out z soon z dang] ( fro/ is pa/4 ,! tub]s are cut into pieces1 n small] ?an an ,engli% walnut1 aft] reject+ ! two or ?ree eyes ne>e/ ! /em end1 :i* h be5 f\nd to />t late4 ,! pieces are plac$ side by side 9 ! b$1 sk9 side upw>d1 & cov]$ ab\t #d in*es deep ) f9e1 ri* e>?4 ,_! gr[? c be controll$ by prop] regulation ( ! cold-frame sa%4 ,at plant+ "t ! tub]s1 ! spr\ts ( :i* %\ld be j break+ ! surface ( ! soil1 are c>efully lift$ ) manure =ks1 sep>at$ by h&1 & plac$ 9 well-f]tiliz$ r[s1 & entirely cov]$ ) soil2 or1 if dang] ( fro/ is pa/1 !y are plac$ ) ! apex ( ! spr\t j at ! surface ( ! soil4 ,ab\t #baf squ>e feet ( cold frame is requir$ to spr\t suffici5t potatoes to plant an acre 9 #cj to #cb in* r[s1 #ab in*es ap>t4 ,eight m5 c transplant an acre 9 a day4 ,on ! ,isl& ( ,j]sey1 :]e e>ly potatoes are rais$ 9 l>ge quantities = ! ,london m>ket1 ! potatoes de/9$ = se$ are plac$ side by side 9 %all[ boxes & /or$1 z soon z cold wea!r sets 91 9 a light & well-%elt]$ l(t or %$1 out ( dang] ( fro/4 ,! position ( ! boxes is *ang$ f "t to "t s t ! spr\ts w be ( equal l5g? & /r5g? at ! plant+ season4 ,m$ium-siz$ tub]s select$ f ! be/ ( ! crop & all[$ to lie 9 ! field 9 ! fall until !y become gre5i% are us$4 ,potatoes on ,we/]n ,irrigat$ ,f>ms4--,) ?or\gh cultivation1 = potatoes plant$ ! fir/ ( ,may1 irrigation is seldom necess>y until ,july4 ,g5]ally speak+ irrigation wat] is cold & x is highly important n to irrigate too frequ5tly1 s9ce ! wat] n only causes ! soil to run toge!r b l[]s ! temp]ature to a po9t t is n favorable to ! gr[? ( potatoes4 ,irrigation wat] is appli$ only :5 ! condition ( ! plants indicates t !y are 9 ne$ ( wat]1 z by d>k5+ ( ! foliage4 ,or "o may dig d[n 9 ! hill & press a h&ful ( soil 9 ! h&2 if x fails to reta9 its =m1 irrigation is ne$$4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to wait until ! gr\nd is too dry1 because "o c n cov] ! :ole field ( potatoes 9 "o day's irrigation1 & "s are likely to suff] = wat] be=e be+ rea*$4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t if potatoes are gr[n z rapidly z possible1 s z to become /rong & well e/abli%$ e>ly 9 ! season1 !y )/& ! maximum ( unfavorable wea!r conditions lat] on1 :5 ! hot dry w9ds becomes a m5ace to ! crop4 ,:5 ! "t = irrigation arrives1 a ,v-%ap$ tr5* half-way betwe5 ! r[s %\ld be op5$ 9 alt]nate middles ) an #h or #aj in* li/] pl[2 t is1 a n>r[ pl[ ) a d\ble mold-bo>d :i* ?r[s ! dirt ea* way4 ,9 ^! furr[s ! irrigation wat] is run s t ! soil w n become solidifi$ by flood+1 & ! necess>y am\nt ( wat] may be prop]ly di/ribut$4 ,= ! second irrigation furr[s are op5$ 9 ! middles t 7 n op5$ at ! fir/ irrigation1 & ?is alt]nation is cont9u$ = succe$+ irrigations4 ,at ! head ( ea* field is a fe$] dit* f :i* ! wat] is admitt$ to ^! irrigation furr[s betwe5 ! r[s4 ,x is ess5tial t ! "r quantity ( wat] be us$1 & t x be uni=mly di/ribut$4 ,cultivation %\ld comm5ce z soon aft] irrigation z ! soil w p]mit s z to insure rapid & uni=m gr[? )\t *eck4 ,?is w n only result 9 ! production ( smoo?1 uni=m tub]s ( attractive appe>ance1 :i* are always 9 dem& at high prices1 b w also result 9 l>ge1 pr(itable yields & at ! same "t keep ! soil 9 good me*anical condition = future crops4 ,d n irrigate aft] ,augu/ #aj1 s z to give fifty or sixty days = rip5+ 9 dry e>?4 ,!re is no l9e ( f>m+ 9 ! irrigat$ di/ricts t gives su* m>vel\s pr(its z t ( sci5tific potato production4 ,) sci5tific k :i* c c]ta9ly be acquir$ by exp]im5ts 9 supply+ p]fectly balanc$ plant food & ma9ta9+ soil f]tility1 ! sci5tific pr9ciples ( :i* are simil> to ^? us$ by e successful bre$] 9 fe$+ & fitt+ prize-w9n+ /ock2 & ) ! prop] proportions ( plant foods--phosphates1 nitrog51 & pota%--9 ! soil z f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,we/2 & by ! use ( clov] & alfalfa1 !re is no reason = ^? :o contemplate engag+ 9 ! potato indu/ry to fe> ! outcome4 ,too mu* /ress c n be put ^u ! value & importance ( live/ock 9 keep+ up favorable soil conditions1 z no c\ntry n[ kn[n has be5 cont9u\sly successful 9 crop production )\t ! use ( manures f ! fe$+ ( =age & gra9 crops4 ,v>ieties4--,ye>s ( exp]i5ce h demon/rat$ t comp>atively few v>ieties ( potatoes are really adapt$ to we/]n or m\nta9 conditions4 ,among ! e>ly v>ieties none has be5 s univ]sally successful z ! ,e>ly ,ohio4 ,?is potato is ( f9e quality & uni=m 9 size & %ape1 ?\gh n a heavy yield]4 ,ano!r good potato1 ?\gh n s e>ly1 is ! ,rose ,se$l+4 ,= a m$ium to late v>iety1 ! ,dalm5y ,*all5ge1 a ,scot* v>iety1 is be+ us$ q ext5sively on ! we/]n slope ( ,colorado4 ,= lat] v>ieties1 ! ,:ite ,pe>l & ,rural ,new ,york ,no4 #b are m ext5sively us$ at ,greeley1 9 ! ,san ,luis ,valley1 & 9 ! ,uncompahgre ,valley2 & ! ,p]fect ,pea*bl[ is ! favorite 9 ! upp] ,gr& ,valley4 ,,pumpk94 ,! true pumpk9 is h>dly to be consid]$ z a g>d5 crop1 &1 z a rule1 %\ld be plant$ among ! field corn4 ,plant :]e ! hills ( corn are miss+ & cultivate ) ! corn4 ,h[ev]1 "s ( ! bett] sorts ( pie pumpk9s %\ld be gr[n 9 ! g>d5 = cook+ purposes1 because !y are productive & mu* sup]ior 9 quality to ! common field pumpk9s4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,mi* ,e4 ,s4 #bj1 #aij47 ,,radi%4 ,! radi% is q h>dy & may be gr[n ?r\gh\t ! w9t] 9 hotb$s at ! ,nor?1 9 cold frames 9 ! latitudes ( ,wa%+ton1 & 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 ! ,s\?4 ,= ! home g>d5 ! se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd z soon z ! soil is mod]ately w>m4 ,plant 9 drills #ab to #ah in*es ap>t1 & z soon z ! plants are up ?9 !m slightly to prev5t cr[d+4 ,radi%es require to be gr[n on a quick1 ri* soil1 & "s ( ! e>li] sorts c be matur$ 9 two to ?ree weeks aft] plant+4 ,if ! radi%es gr[ sl[ly !y w h a pung5t flavor & w n be fit = table use4 ,= a con/ant supply successive plant+s %\ld be made e two weeks1 z ! roots lose _! crispness & delicate flavor if all[$ to rema9 long 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,z a rule a l>ge p]c5tage ( radi% se$ w gr[1 & x is (t5 possible by c>eful s[+ to avoid ! necessity ( ?9n+1 ! fir/ radi%es be+ pull$ z soon z !y are ( suffici5t size = table use1 ?us mak+ room = ^? t are a little lat]4 ,radi%es w n endure hot wea!r & are suit$ to e>ly spr+ & late autumn plant+4 ,!re are a numb] ( v>ieties ( w9t] radi%es1 ! se$ ( :i* may be plant$ ! latt] "p ( summ] & ! roots pull$ & /or$ = w9t] use4 ,^! roots %\ld rema9 9 ! gr\nd z long z possible )\t fro/+ & %\ld !n be dug & /or$ ! same z turnips4 ,?is type ( radi% w n comp>e ) ! e>li] summ] v>ieties1 :i* may be easily gr[n 9 a hotb$ or cold frame dur+ ! w9t]4 ,"o ounce ( radi% se$ is suffici5t to plant #ajj feet ( r[1 & :5 gr[n on a l>ge scale #aj to #ab p\nds ( se$ w be requir$ to ! acre4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #bie2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj2 ,n4 ,c>4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb47 ,,rhub>b 7,,pie ,,plant74 ,! soil = rhub>b %\ld be deep1 & !re is little dang] ( hav+ x too ri*4 ,l asp>agus ! se$l+ plants ( rhub>b c be gr[n & transplant$4 ,t5 to twelve good hills are suffici5t to produce all ! rhub>b requir$ by ! av]age family1 & ^! are mo/ easily e/abli%$ by plant+ pieces ( roots tak5 f ano!r b$4 ,good roots may be secur$ f deal]s & se$sm5 at ab\t #a4ej a doz54 ,! old hills may be divid$ 9 ! e>ly spr+ or late fall by digg+ away ! e>? on "o side & cutt+ ! hill 9 two ) a %>p spade1 ! "p remov$ be+ us$ to e/abli% a new hill4 ,! usual me?od ( plant+ rhub>b is to set ! plants 9 a s+le r[ along ! g>d5 f5ce1 & ! hills %\ld be ab\t #d feet ap>t4 ,if m ?an "o r[ is plant$ ! hills %\ld be #c-a_/b or #d feet ea* way4 ,! ?ick leaf /ems are ! "p us$1 & none %\ld be pull$ f ! plants ! fir/ ye> aft] sett+4 ,rhub>b %\ld receive ! same treatm5t dur+ w9t] z asp>agus1 & ! plants %\ld nev] be all[$ to rip5 se$4 ,! roots may be br\ght into ! gre5h\se1 pit1 cold frame1 or cell> dur+ ! w9t] & =c$4 ,rhub>b does n ?rive 9 w>m climates4 ,! use ( rhub>b is pr9cipally dur+ ! e>ly spr+ = mak+ pies & sauces1 & ! /ems may be cann$ = w9t] use4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,n4 ,c>4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj47 ,,ruta-,,baga 7,,sw$es74 ,! culture ( ! ruta-baga is ! same z = ! turnip1 except t ! =m] requires m room & a long] p]iod = its gr[?4 ,! roots are q h>dy & w )/& consid]able fro/4 ,! ruta-baga is us$ l ! turnip1 & also = /ock fe$4 ,two p\nds ( se$ are requir$ = "o acre4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #f47 ,,salsify 7,,vegetable ,,oy/]74 ,s[ se$s ( salsify dur+ ! spr+ 9 ! same mann] z = p>snips or c>rots4 ,at ! ,s\?1 a s[+ may be made 9 summ] to produce roots = w9t] use4 ,"o ounce ( se$ is requir$ to plant #ajj feet ( r[1 & on a l>ge scale #aj p\nds to ! acre4 ,aft] ! plants are well e/abli%$ !y %\ld be ?9n$ suffici5tly to prev5t _! cr[d+4 ,! cultivation %\ld be ! same z = p>snips or c>rots1 & frequ5t use ( a :eel hoe w avoid ! necessity = h& we$+4 ,salsify may be dug 9 ! autumn & /or$ or all[$ to rema9 9 ! gr\nd dur+ ! w9t]1 z its treatm5t is ! same z = p>snips4 ,salsify is a bi5nial1 & if ! roots are n dug be=e ! second season !y w ?r[ up /ems & produce se$4 ,x is ( a we$y nature & c>e %\ld be tak5 t x does n run wild by se$+ freely4 ,salsify is des]v+ ( m g5]al cultivation1 z x is "o ( ! m desirable ( ! root crops = ! g>d54 ,! uses ( salsify are simil> to ^? ( ! p>snip1 & :5 boil$ & aft]w>ds coat$ ) roll$ crack]s & fri$ 9 butt] x has a decid$ oy/] flavor1 f :i* ! "n vegetable oy/] is d]iv$4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #bie2 ,n4 ,c>4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb2 ,idaho ,e4 ,s4 #aj47 ,,scolymus4 ,scolymus is a vegetable ) sp9y1 ?i/le-l leaves1 f ,spa91 ) roots mu* l a small p>snip & keep+ equally well 9 w9t]4--7,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fh47 ,,skirret4 ,?is is call$ ,zuck]wurzel 7,sug> root7 9 ,g]many4 ,! plump1 fle%y roots are sweet & us$ boil$ dur+ w9t]1 ! same z ,salsify4--7,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #fh47 ,,sorrel4 ,?is plant resembles ! we$ s\r dock ( ! fields4 ,! leaves are l>ge1 t5d] & juicy1 v broad & (t5 #aj in*es long1 reta9+ ! pleasant acid flavor ( ! orig9al we$4 ,mu* priz$ 9 ,france :]e x is cultivat$ z a spr+ vegetable & us$ s+ly or mix$ ) sp9a*4--7,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj2 ,u4 ,idaho ,e4 ,s4 #aj47 ,,sp9a*4 ,sp9a* ?rives 9 a r cool climate & atta9s its be/ developm5t 9 ! ,middle ,s\?1 :]e x c be gr[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ ! w9t]4 ,l>ge areas are gr[n ne> ,norfolk1 ,va41 cutt+s be+ made at anytime dur+ ! w9t] :5 ! fields are n froz5 or cov]$ ) sn[4 ,:5 ! wea!r mod]ates 9 ! e>ly spr+ ! plants make a new gr[?1 & a l>ge crop ( e>ly gre5s is available4 ,nor? ( ! latitude ( ,norfolk1 sp9a* c be plant$ 9 ! autumn & c>ri$ ov] w9t] by mul*+ ) /raw or leaves4 ,s[ ! se$s 9 drills #a foot ap>t at ! rate ( #a ounce to #ajj feet ( r[ or #aj to #ab p\nds to ! acre4 ,to produce good sp9a*1 a ri* loam :i* w give ! plants a quick gr[? is requir$4 ,z ord9>ily gr[n1 x occupies ! l& dur+ ! autumn & w9t] only & does n int]f]e ) summ] cultivation4 ,x is an easily gr[n g>d5 crop1 & !re is1 p]haps1 no o!r ( its k9d t w give z good satisfaction4 ,?ree or f\r ounces ( se$1 plant$ 9 ! autumn aft] a summ] crop has be5 h>ve/$ f ! l&1 w produce an abundance ( gre5s = ! av]age family dur+ ! late autumn & e>ly spr+4 ,9 ga!r+ sp9a* ! entire plant is remov$ r ?an m]ely cutt+ (f ! leaves4 ,! l>g] plants are select$ fir/1 & ! small] or lat] ones are ?us giv5 room to develop4 ,no ?9n+ is requir$ if ?is plan ( h>ve/+ is practic$4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,n4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 #acb47 ,,squa%4 ,!re are two types ( ! squa%1 ! bu% v>ieties1 :i* may be plant$ 9 hills #d or #e feet ap>t ea* way1 & ! runn+ v>ieties1 :i* w require f #h to #af feet = _! developm5t4 ,squa%es may prop]ly be gr[n 9 ! g>d51 z #c or #d hills w produce all t are requir$ = family use4 ,!y require practically ! same soil & cultural me?ods z ! muskmelon4 ,a numb] ( v>ieties are us$ dur+ ! summ] 9 ! same mann] z vegetable m>r[1 b squa%es are pr9cipally us$ dur+ ! w9t]1 9 mu* ! same way z pumpk9s1 to :i* !y are sup]ior 9 _m respects4 ,squa%es are also us$ ext5sively = pie purposes4 ,! v>ieties kn[n z ,hubb>d & ,bo/on ,m>r[ are mo/ commonly gr[n4 ,squa%es1 l pumpk9s1 %\ld be h&l$ c>efully to avoid bruis+1 & %\ld be /or$ 9 a mod]ately w>m b well v5tilat$ room4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #aij2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #db1 #fh47 ,,/a*ys4 ,?is vegetable1 kn[n to ! botani/s z ,/a*ys sieboldi1 has be5 introduc$ into ,am]ica f ,japan & has a numb] ( diff]5t names1 su* z ,japanese potato1 ,*9ese arti*oke1 *orogi1 etc41 b ! "n /a*ys seems to h be5 adopt$ z ! common "o 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! plant is a small p]5nial belong+ to ! m9t family & produces j bel[ ! gr\nd a multitude ( small1 :ite1 crisp edible tub]s1 v>y+ f an in* to two & "o-half in*es 9 l5g?1 & ab\t "o-half an in* 9 ?ickness & m>k$ by irregul> spiral r+s1 :i* give !m a corkscrew-l appe>ance4 ,/a*ys has be5 te/$ at ! ,new ,york 7,cornell7 & a numb] ( ! o!r agricultural exp]im5t /ations1 & prov$ s easy ( cultivation & pleasant 9 ta/e 7! flavor resembl+ arti*okes7 t ! vegetable has made _m fri5ds & is n[ procurable at ! m>kets 9 mo/ ( our l>g] cities4 ,! agreeable quality is 9 consid]able measure due to ! crispness ( ! tub]s1 & z ?is disappe>s :5 !y are expos$ to ! air !y %\ld be /or$ 9 s& or sawdu/4 ,!y are ready = use :5 ! plant dies d[n 9 ! autumn1 ?\gh !y may be easily c>ri$ ov] ! w9t] & are prep>$ = ! table l potatoes or o!r vegetables1 or may be eat5 raw l radi%es4--7,f4 ,b4 #bie47 ,,sweet ,,basil4 ,! leaves are us$ = flavor+ purposes4 ,,sweet ,,corn4 ,plant sweet corn z soon z ! soil is w>m 9 ! spr+1 & make successive plant+s e two weeks until ,july1 or ! same result c be atta9$ to "s ext5t by a c>eful selection ( e>ly1 m$ium1 & late v>ieties4 ,plant ! se$s 9 drills #c feet ap>t & ?9 to a s+le /alk e #aj to #ad in*es1 or plant #e to #f se$s 9 hills #c feet ap>t ea* way1 & ?9 out to #c to #e /alks 9 a hill4 ,cov] ! se$s ab\t #b in*es deep4 ,cultivate frequ5tly & keep d[n all we$s1 remov+ suck]s f ar\nd ! base ( ! /alk4 ,sweet corn %\ld be plant$ on ri* l&1 & ! me?od ( cultivation is practically ! same z = field corn1 b %\ld be m ?or\gh4 ,!re are a numb] ( good e>ly v>ieties1 & = a midsumm] & late sort !re is none bett] ?an ,/[ell's ,ev]-gre54--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,n4 ,j4 ,e4 ,s4 #aii2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #ia47 ,,sweet ,,m>joram4 ,leaves & ends ( %oots us$ = season+4 ,,sweet ,,potato4 ,ow+ to ! tropical nature ( ! sweet potato x naturally ?rives be/ 9 ! ,s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf ,coa/ ,/ates1 b x may be gr[n = home use z f> nor? z s\!rn ,new ,york & we/w>d along t latitude to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,! climatic requirem5ts = ! production ( sweet potatoes on a comm]cial scale are 7#a7 a gr[+ p]iod ( at lea/ f\r & half mon?s )\t fro/1 7#b7 w>m nights & abundant sun%9e dur+ ! day1 & 7#c7 a mod]ate ra9fall dur+ ! gr[+ p]iod4 ,:]e irrigation is dep5d$ ^u = ! supply ( moi/ure1 ! greate/ quantity ( wat] %\ld be appli$ betwe5 ! "t ! plants are set 9 ! field & ! "t :5 ! v9es practically cov] ! gr\nd4 ,if too mu* wat] is appli$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! season ! result may be an abundant gr[? ( v9e & a small yield ( /r+y potatoes4 ,= "s "t be=e h>ve/+ ! crop ! wat] %\ld be )held altoge!r1 9 ord] t ! roots may rip5 prop]ly4 ,soil4--,sweet potatoes ?rive on a mod]ately f]tile s&y loam :i* does n conta9 an excess ( organic matt]4 ,!y are frequ5tly gr[n ^u almo/ pure s&1 especially :]e ! subsoil is a yell[ clay4 ,soils conta9+ consid]able calcium or und]la9 ) lime/one are well adapt$ to ! gr[+ ( ! crop4 ,! sweet potato is exceptional 9 t a fairly good crop c be gr[n ^u soils t are too poor = ! production ( ! majority ( f>m crops4 ,sweet potatoes yield a fair crop on ! worn-out tobacco & cotton l&s ( ! ,s\?1 especially :5 us$ 9 a rotation includ+ "s legum9\s crop = increas+ ! humus 9 ! soil4 ,l _m o!r crops1 ! sweet potato ?rives on newly cle>$ l&1 b ! crop %\ld n be plant$ cont9u\sly 9 ! same place4 ,) ! sweet potato1 z ) o!r crops1 rotation is ! keynote ( success4 ,good dra9age is ess5tial1 ! orig9al idea ( plant+ ^u high ridges be+ = ! purpose ( secur+ bett] dra9age4 ,! surface soil %\ld ext5d to a dep? ( #f or #h in*es1 & ! subsoil %\ld be ( su* a nature t x w c>ry (f excessive moi/ure )\t lea*+ away ! f]tiliz]s appli$ to ! l&4 ,too great a dep? ( loose surface soil or an alluvial soil hav+ no subsoil w produce long1 irregul> potatoes t are undesirable = m>ket+4 ,plant+ ^u l& hav+ a loose1 s&y surface soil und]la9 by a well-dra9$ clay subsoil w t5d to produce ! type ( r ?ick1 sp9dle-=m$ potato t comm&s ! highe/ price4 ,! dep? ( pl[+ is a prom95t factor 9 ! prep>ation ( l& = sweet potatoes1 & on soils ( too great dep? be=e ! subsoil is rea*$ v %all[ pl[+ %\ld be practic$1 leav+ ! soil firm b5ea?1 aga9/ :i* ! roots mu/ =ce _! way4 ,if ! surface soil is ( insuffici5t dep?1 x %\ld be gradually increas$ by pl[+ a little deep] ea* ye> or by subsoil+ 9 ! furr[ beh9d ! regul> turn+ pl[4 ,f]tiliz]s4--,! root portion ( ! plant is ! "p hav+ ! greate/ value1 ?\gh ! foliage & v9es h "s value z food = c]ta9 k9ds ( /ock4 ,x has be5 f\nd t an excessive am\nt ( organic matt] 9 ! soil w frequ5tly produce an abundant gr[? ( v9es at ! exp5se ( ! roots4 ,x has also be5 not$ t ! potatoes w be small & ! yield unsatisfactory on soils t d n conta9 suffici5t organic matt] to produce a fair gr[? ( v9e4 ,! use ( /able manure z a f]tiliz] = sweet potatoes is recomm5d$ on l&s t are defici5t 9 organic matt]4 ,heavy applications ( fre% manure %ortly be=e plant+ ! l& to sweet potatoes w /imulate n only ! gr[? ( we$s b also ( ! v9es at ! exp5se ( ! roots4 ,well-rott$ /able manure may be us$ at ! rate ( #aj to #ae c>loads to ! acre1 spread broadca/ or b5ea? ! ridges & h>r[$ into ! soil1 b x is always well to apply ! manure ) ! crop gr[n ! previ\s season4 ,by ?is me?od ! manure w become ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! soil & become some:at r$uc$ be=e ! sweet potatoes are plant$ ^u ! l&4 ,/able manure w be f\nd mo/ b5eficial on worn-out soils1 b on ! m f]tile soils its use %\ld be re/rict$ & ! me?od ( application c>efully /udi$4 ,! sweet potato is "o ( ! few crops t ?rive equally z well 7or bett]7 ^u comm]cial f]tiliz]s z ^u /able manure4 ,a f]tiliz] = use on ! majority ( sweet potato l&s %\ld conta9 #c to #f p] c5t ( nitrog51 #f or #g p] c5t ( phosphoric acid1 & #h to #aj p] c5t ( pota%4 ,e gr[] %\ld make a /udy ( ! requirem5ts ( 8 soil & apply ! f]tiliz] t w give ! be/ results4 ,_m gr[]s pur*ase ! +r$i5ts & mix _! own special f]tiliz]s1 or use a /&>d f]tiliz] z a base & increase ! p]c5tage ( c]ta9 elem5ts by add+ high-grade elem5t>y +r$i5ts4 ,"s soils require t c]ta9 elem5ts %\ld be 9 a m available =m ?an o!rs2 9 ! case ( nitrog5 x is (t5 desirable to h a portion ( t conta9$ 9 ! f]tiliz] quickly available & ! rema9d] m sl[ly 9 ord] to fe$ ! plants ?r\gh\t ! season4 ,a mixture adapt$ to ! gr[+ ( sweet potatoes on mo/ soils may be made by comb9+ ! foll[+3 #bjj p\nds ( high-grade sulphate ( ammonia1 #be p] c5t pure4 #bjj p\nds ( dri$ blood1 or #cjj p\nds ( fi% scrap4 #a1bjj p\nds ( acid phosphate1 #aa p] c5t pure4 #djj p\nds ( high-grade muriate ( pota%1 #ej p] c5t pure4 ,! quantity ( f]tiliz] t may be pr(itably appli$ w be gov]n$ entirely by local conditions4 ,_m gr[]s d n dep5d ^u comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 b m]ely apply f #bjj to #cjj p\nds to ea* acre z a supplem5t to ! organic matt] & natural f]tility ( ! soil4 ,o!rs apply f #cjj to #a1jjj p\nds1 accord+ to ! condition ( ! soil1 :ile a few gr[]s use a ton to ! acre4 ,! g5]al rule is to apply ! f]tiliz] 9 ! r[ :]e ! crop is to be gr[n1 b :]e l>ge quantities are us$ x %\ld be di/ribut$ at lea/ t5 days be=e plant+ & ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! soil4 ,an application ( #a1jjj p\nds ( high-grade f]tiliz] plac$ 9 ! r[ at plant+ "t has be5 kn[n to injure s]i\sly or kill ! plants4 ,= ! be/ results ! f]tiliz] %\ld be appli$ at lea/ t5 days be=e plant+1 or a portion ( ! f]tiliz] may be appli$ a mon? or m 9 advance & ! rema9d] at ! "t ( prep>+ ! l& = plant+4 ,h>dwood a%es are desirable = use on sweet potato l& & may be appli$ at ! rate ( f #a1bjj to #b1jjj p\nds to ! acre4 ,! value ( wood a%es dep5ds ^u h[ mu* !y h become lea*$1 b h>dwood a%es %\ld conta9 f #f to #h p] c5t ( available pota%4 ,wood a%es also conta9 consid]able lime4 ,:]e l>ge quantities ( any gre5 crop are pl[$ into ! soil !re is a t5d5cy to s\rness1 & occasional applications ( f #a to #b tons ( lime to ! acre are b5eficial4 ,! pres5ce ( an abundance ( lime 9 soils devot$ to ! gr[+ ( sweet potatoes ha/5s ! maturity ( ! crop & increases ! yield4 ,on poor soils ! lime & pota% "w toge!r to produce potatoes ( uni=m size & %ape1 b on ri* or alluvial soils ! t5d5cy is t[>d ! production ( ov]-l>ge & irregul> roots4 ,! lime %\ld be appli$ ! previ\s season1 or at lea/ ! autumn be=e plant+ ! l& to sweet potatoes4 ,propagation ( ,plants4--,! m common v>ieties ( ! sweet potato h = a great _m ye>s be5 propagat$ by cutt+s1 or sets1 tak5 ei!r f ! potatoes !mselves or f gr[+ v9es1 & z a result ! plants h ceas$ to fl[] & produce se$4 ,! great] portion ( ! comm]cial crop is gr[n f sets1 or draws1 produc$ by spr\t+ m$ium-siz$ potatoes 9 a w>m b$ ( soil4 ,:]e only a small area ( sweet potatoes is to be gr[n = home use1 ! necess>y plants c g5]ally be secur$ f "s "o :o makes a bus9ess ( gr[+ !m4 ,if an acre or m is to be plant$ x w 9 mo/ cases be m economical to prep>e a b$ & gr[ ! plants4 ,! me?od ( />t+ ! plants w dep5d ^u ! locality & ! acreage to be plant$1 ! ess5tials be+ a b$ ( w>m e>? & a cov]+ to protect ! "y plants dur+ ! e>ly spr+time4 ,selection ( ,se$4--,! potatoes t are to s]ve z se$ f :i* to gr[ ! plants = ! next season's crop %\ld always be select$ at ! "t ( digg+ & h\s+ ! crop4 ,= se$ purposes x is ! cu/om to select ! m$ium or und]siz$ potatoes1 su* z are too small = m>ket+4 ,^? potatoes t w pass ?r\gh a #b-;in* r+ or c be circl$ by ! ?umb & fir/ f+] ( a man hav+ a h& ( av]age size are us$ = se$ purposes4 ,! se$ potatoes %\ld be uni=m 9 size & ( ! %ape desir$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>'s crop4 ,! se$ %\ld be free f cuts1 bruises1 decay1 or disease ( any k9d4 ,?r\gh\t ! h&l+ ( ! se$ potatoes !y %\ld n receive any treatm5t t w\ld break eggs4 ,! se$ %\ld always be h&l$ & kept sep>ate f ! regul> crop4 ,! (t5] ! se$ is h&l$ ! great] ! dang] ( decay1 & x %\ld n be sort$ ov] until ev]y?+ is ready = b$d+4 ,! be/ se$ is gr[n f cutt+s tak5 f ! regul> plants aft] !y h begun to =m v9es4 ,^! cutt+s produce l>ge numb]s ( m$ium or small-siz$ potatoes t are free f diseases & adapt$ = use z se$ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,hotb$s4--,t[>d ! nor!rn "p ( ! area ov] :i* sweet potatoes are gr[n x is necess>y to />t ! plants 9 a hotb$ 9 ord] t ! l5g? ( season may be suffici5t to mature ! crop4 ,! roots t are too small = m>ket+ are us$ = se$1 & ^! are b$d$ close toge!r 9 ! hotb$ & cov]$ ) ab\t #b in*es ( s& or f9e soil1 su* z leaf mold4 ,! se$ %\ld be b$d$ ab\t five or six weeks be=e x w be safe to set ! plants 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 :i* is usually ab\t ,may #ae or ,may #bj4 ,t[>d ! la/ ! hotb$ %\ld be v5tilat$ v freely 9 ord] to h>d5 (f ! plants4 ,draw+ ! ,sets4--,z a g5]al rule sweet potato plants are set 9 ! field %ortly aft] a ra94 ,9 ord] to avoid delay 9 plant+1 ! h&s %\ld beg9 to get out ! sets z soon z ! ra9 ceases fall+ & place !m 9 crates or baskets ready = transportation to ! field4 ,! sets are n all produc$ at once1 & only ^? t h =m$ good roots are drawn1 ! o!rs be+ left until lat]4 ,9 draw+ ! sets ! se$ potato is held d[n ) "o h& :ile ! plants are remov$ ) ! ?umb & f+] ( ! o!r h&4 ,x (t5 happ5s t five or six plants w cl+ toge!r at ! base1 & ^! %\ld be sep>at$ 9 ord] to avoid loss ( "t 9 ! field4 ,! roots %\ld all be kept 9 "o direction1 & if ! tops are long or irregul> !y may be trimm$ (f ev5 by means ( a knife4 ,:ile draw+ ! sets x is a good plan to h at h& a l>ge pail or tub conta9+ wat] to :i* !re has be5 add$ a quantity ( clay & c[ manure :i* has be5 /irr$ until x =ms a ?9 slime4 ,z ! plants are pull$ f ! b$ !y are tak5 9 small bun*es & _! roots dipp$ into ?is mixture4 ,?is process1 t]m$ puddl+1 cov]s ! roots ) a coat+ :i* n only prev5ts _! becom+ dry 9 h&l+ b insures a direct contact ) ! soil :5 !y are plant$ 9 ! field or g>d54 ,aft] remov+ ! sets t are ready1 ! b$ %\ld be wat]$ to settle ! soil :]e x has become di/urb$ & !n left = ! y\ng] plants to develop4 ,pack+ = ,%ipm5t4--,9 prep>+ sweet potato plants = %ipm5t or = sale1 !y are drawn f ! b$ & ti$ 9 bun*es ( #ajj ea* ) s(t /r+4 ,sweet potato plants w n )/& excessive moi/ure & %\ld always be pack$ :ile ! tops are dry4 ,a little damp moss or pap] may be plac$ 9 ! crate or basket & ! roots b$d$ 9 x1 b ! tops %\ld rema9 dry & h free v5tilation4 ,if ! roots ( sweet potato plants are c>efully puddl$ )\t ! mixture com+ 9 contact ) ! tops1 !y w keep 9 good condition = a week or t5 days4 ,prep>ation ( ,l&4--,! "* ( soil devot$ to sweet potato culture is g5]ally q easy to prep>e4 ,9 prep>+ l& = plant+ to sweet potatoes ! pl[+ & fitt+ are practically ! same z = corn4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ! "w necess>y = ?or\gh prep>ation w be well repaid by ! increas$ ease 9 h&l+ ! crop lat]4 ,x is always desirable t a crop l sweet potatoes be gr[n z a "p ( ! regul> f>m rotation4 ,9 ! nor!rn portion ( ! sweet-potato-gr[+ area ! crop w occupy ! l& ! entire gr[+ season1 & a ?ree or f\r ye> rotation %\ld be practic$4 ,:]e ! climate w p]mit1 a crop ( e>ly snap beans1 peas1 or cabbage may prec$e ! sweet potatoes1 b 9 any case ! l& %\ld n be plant$ to sweet potatoes (t5] ?an once e ?ree ye>s4 ,a good rotation is to devote ! l& to corn "o ye>1 s[+ crimson clov] 9 ! alleys betwe5 ! r[s at ! "t ! corn is giv5 ! la/ cultivation4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ spr+ ! crimson clov] %\ld be turn$ "u & sweet potatoes plant$2 !n 9 ! autumn1 aft] ! potatoes are h>ve/$1 ! l& may be pl[$1 fitt$ & s[n to rye or w9t] oats ) pl5ty ( grass se$4 ,9 ?is way a crop ( gra9 may be obta9$ dur+ ! "t t ! grass is becom+ e/abli%$4 ,all[ ! l& to rema9 9 grass "o or two ye>s & !n repeat ! rotation4 ,:]e corn is foll[$ by sweet potatoes 9 ! rotation1 /able manure %\ld be appli$ :ile fitt+ ! l& = ! corn1 & comm]cial f]tiliz]s %\ld be appli$ ) ! sweet potato crop4 ,! usual dep? ( pl[+ 9 prep>+ l& = corn w prove satisfactory = sweet potatoes4 ,! fact t sweet potatoes are n plant$ 9 ! field until q late 9 ! spr+ makes x possible = ! gr[] to select a "t :5 conditions are favorable = ! prep>ation ( ! l&4 ,pl[+ may be def]r$ until ! soil has become suffici5tly dry to break up f9e & mell[4 ,x is important t ! l& %\ld be h>r[$ )9 a few h\rs aft] pl[+2 fur!r fitt+ may be def]r$ until lat]1 & if ! soil is incl9$ to be lumpy ! "w ( pulv]iz+ may be/ be done %ortly aft] a %[] & :ile ! lumps are mell[4 ,:5 ! prim>y "w ( prep>ation is f9i%$1 ! soil %\ld be mell[ to a dep? ( #f or #g in*es & ! surface smoo? & ev54 ,subsequ5t h&l+ ( ! soil prep>atory to plant+ w dep5d ^u :e!r ridge or level culture is to be foll[$4 ,prep>ation = ,plant+4--,aft] pl[+ & fitt+ ! l& x is g5]ally all[$ to lie sev]al days be=e be+ put 9 %ape = plant+4 ,if level culture is to be practic$1 ! only ?+ necess>y w be to run ! h>r[ ov] ! soil once & !n m>k 9 bo? directions at ! desir$ di/ances = plant+4 ,! m>k+ is g5]ally done ) ei!r a "o-horse pl[1 a flat-sol$ m>k]1 or a disk m>k]4 ,! disk m>k] is well adapt$ to ?is "w1 z x ?r[s up a slight ridge :i* furni%es fre% e>? 9 :i* to plant4 ,"s gr[]s :o practice level culture m>k ! gr\nd ) a small "o-horse pl[ & ?r[ up a slight ridge ^u :i* to plant2 beh9d ! pl[ a roll] is us$ to compress ?is ridge to a l[1 flat elevation4 ,:]e ! m univ]sal ridge me?od ( plant+ is employ$ ! soil is ?r[n up by means ( a turn+ pl[ or a disk ma*9e4 ,! ridges %\ld be made at lea/ "o week be=e plant+1 9 ord] t ! soil may become settl$ & compact4 ,! majority ( sweet-potato gr[]s make ! ridges :5ev] ! l& is 9 good condition to "w & !n ei!r roll or drag ! tops j ahead ( ! plant]s4 ,sett+ ! ,plants4--,! success ( ! crop dep5ds l>gely ^u ! way 9 :i* ! plants />t aft] be+ remov$ f ! b$ & set 9 ! field or g>d54 ,practical gr[]s always plan to set ! plants dur+ a season or p]iod :5 ! conditions are suitable to a quick />t into gr[?1 ei!r j be=e a ra9 or z soon aft]w>d z ! soil c be work$4 ,! me?od ( sett+ w dep5d entirely ^u local conditions & ! acreage to be gr[n1 ! ess5tial features1 h[ev]1 be+ to get ! roots 9 contact ) moi/ e>? & ! soil firmly press$ ab\t ! plants4 ,! use ( wat] ar\nd ! roots ( ! plants is desirable "u mo/ circum/ances1 z x n only moi/5s ! soil b assi/s 9 settl+ x ab\t ! roots4 ,a l>ge quantity ( wat] is n necess>y1 "o-half p9t to ea* plant be+ g5]ally consid]$ suffici5t4 ,:]e level culture is practic$1 ! plants are set f #bd to #cj in*es ap>t 9 ea* direction4 ,on ! ea/]n %ore ( ,virg9ia ! great] portion ( ! crop is plant$ #bd in*es ap>t ea* way1 requir+ ab\t #aa1jjj plants to an acre4 ,by plant+ #cj in*es ap>t ea* way1 only ab\t #g1jjj plants are requir$ to set "o acre4 ,:]e ! crop is gr[n on ridges x is cu/om>y to h ! ridges f #cf to #db in*es ap>t f c5t] to c5t] & to place ! plants #ad to #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,by ?is me?od an acre w require f #h1jjj to #ab1ejj plants4 ,an acre ( good sweet potato l& w readily support #i1jjj to #aa1jjj plants1 & ! numb] mo/ commonly plant$ by ! sev]al me?ods w fall )9 ^! figures4 ,cultivation4--,! me?ods ( h&l+ a crop ( sweet potatoes d n diff] mat]ially f ^? employ$ ) ord9>y f>m & g>d5 crops4 ,)9 a few days aft] plant+1 a sweep or "o-horse pl[ %\ld be run 9 ! alleys to break out ! /rip ( e>? left 9 ridg+4 ,! loose e>? 9 ! alleys %\ld be work$ t[>d ! r[s until a broad1 flat ridge is =m$ ^u :i* a small-too? cultivator c be run q close to ! plants4 ,aft] ea* ra9 or irrigation ! soil %\ld receive a %all[ cultivation1 & dur+ dry wea!r frequ5t cultivations are necess>y 9 ord] to reta9 moi/ure4 ,ab\t two h& hoe+s are g5]ally necess>y 9 ord] to keep ! r[s free f we$s & ! soil loose ar\nd ! plants4 ,z h& labor is exp5sive1 x %\ld be ! aim to p]=m ! great] "p ( ! "w by means ( horse tools4 ,:]e sweet potatoes are plant$ 9 *eck r[s & work$ 9 bo? directions ! h& "w requir$ w be r$uc$ to a m9imum1 b a c]ta9 am\nt ( hoe+ is always necess>y4 ,:5 ! v9es beg9 to int]f]e ) fur!r cultivation ! crop may be laid by1 i4 e41 giv5 a f9al work+ 9 :i* ! soil is drawn well up ov] ! ridges & ! v9es !n all[$ to take full possession ( ! l&4 ,to d ?is x is (t5 necess>y to turn ! v9es fir/ to "o side ( ! r[ & !n to ! o!r by means ( a /ick or a wood5 rake4 ,aft] lay+ by1 v little att5tion is requir$ until "t = h>ve/+ ! crop4 ,h>ve/+4--,! h>ve/+ & m>ket+ ( sweet potatoes direct f ! field beg9s ab\t ! middle ( ,augu/ & cont9ues until ! crop is all dispos$ ( or plac$ 9 /orage = w9t] m>ket+4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! h>ve/+ season ! yield is light1 b z a rule ! prices paid are good4 ,! supply = home use & ^? potatoes t are to be kept 9 /orage %\ld n be dug until j be=e fro/4 ,9 ! localities :]e fro/s d n occur until q late 9 ! season ! sweet potatoes rip5 & ! v9es %[ a slight t+e ( yell[ :5 ready = h&l+4 ,effect ( fro/4--,! foliage ( ! sweet potato is v t5d] & is easily injur$ by fro/4 ,a light fro/+ ( ! leaves w d no h>m1 b %\ld ! v9es become froz5 be=e digg+ !y %\ld be cut away to prev5t ! froz5 sap pass+ d[n to ! roots & injur+ !m4 ,:]e !re is a heavy yield ( potatoes ! soil is frequ5tly crack$ or ! ends ( ! potatoes protrude above gr\nd & are liable to injury f sev]e fro/4 ,if on acc\nt ( ra9y wea!r or = any o!r cause ! potatoes c n be dug be=e fro/ or imm$iately aft]w>ds1 ! v9es %\ld be cut away & ! potatoes remov$ at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,if cold wea!r cont9ues x may be necess>y to draw a little extra soil ov] ! hills to protect ! potatoes1 or ! v9es may be pil$ 9 a ridge ov] ! r[4 ,a v slight fro/+ ( ! potatoes w cause !m to decay )9 a %ort "t aft] be+ plac$ 9 /orage4 ,x is desirable t ! soil %\ld be comp>atively dry at ! "t ( h>ve/+ sweet potatoes1 & bright1 dry+ wea!r is ess5tial to ! prop] h&l+ ( ! crop4 ,sweet potatoes diff] f ,iri% potatoes 9 t !y are n s easily injur$ by sunlight4 ,h[ev]1 !y %\ld n be expos$ = any l5g? ( "t if ! sun%9e is v w>m4 ,dur+ ! h&l+ 9 ! field x %\ld be ! purpose to remove all soil & surface moi/ure f ! potatoes4 ,sweet potatoes %\ld n lie expos$ ^u ! surface ( ! gr\nd dur+ ! night4 ,grad+ & ,pack+4--,9 sort+ sweet potatoes prep>atory to pack+1 ab\t f\r grades are recogniz$1 z fancy1 primes1 seconds & culls4 ,^? pack$ z fancy include only ! mo/ select1 bo? 9 size & %ape4 ,! primes include all ^? adapt$ to g5]al fir/-class trade1 :ile ! seconds include ! small] & m irregul> /ock :i* goes to a l[] pric$ trade4 ,! culls are n m>ket$ unless good /ock is exce$+ly sc>ce1 & z a rule are us$ = fe$+ to hogs4 ,sweet potatoes are usually %ipp$ 9 b>rels hold+ elev5 pecks ea*4 ,"s m>kets require t ! b>rels be fac$ & head$1 :ile = o!rs ! tops are slightly r\nd$ & cov]$ ) burlap4 ,small lots ( extra-fancy sweet potatoes are sometimes %ipp$ 9 "o-bu%el crates hav+ rais$ tops2 also 9 pat5t fold+ crates4 ,?r\gh\t ! process ( h&l+ c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to see t ! sweet potatoes d n become bruis$1 = ^u ?is _! %ipp+ & keep+ qualities greatly dep5d4 ,/orage4--,unlike mo/ p]i%able products1 ! sweet potato requires w>m? & a dry atmosph]e :ile 9 /orage4 ,! me?od ( /or+ w dep5d bo? ^u ! locality & ! quantity ( potatoes to be c>$ =4 ,! temp]ature & conditions ( a r cool liv+ room are admirably adapt$ = keep+ sweet potatoes int5d$ = home use 9 ! ,nor?1 :ile 9 ! ,s\? !y may be plac$ 9 pits or /or$ 9 outdoor cell>s4 ,! home supply may be plac$ 9 crates & /or$ 9 a l(t ov] ! kit*5 "p ( ! dwell+4 ,sweet potatoes %\ld n be /or$ 9 bags or 9 b>rels )\t v5tilation4 ,! se$ /ock = plant+ ! foll[+ ye> %\ld be select$ & /or$ sep>ately 9 a small b94 ,z ! potatoes are sep>at$ into _! respective grades !y are put into baskets & c>ri$ to ! b9s4 ,"s gr[]s pref] to d ! grad+ 9 ! field1 b ?is necessitates ! employm5t ( a l>g] p]c5tage ( exp]t labor & delays ! "w ( gett+ ! potatoes haul$ to ! /oreh\se4 ,wom5 & *ildr5 c pick up ! potatoes 9 ! field1 & two or ?ree exp]i5c$ m5 c d ! sort+ & grad+ at ! h\se 9 a mu* %ort] "t & 9 a m satisfactory mann]4 ,be=e />t+ to fill a b91 #b or #c in*es ( dry p9e ne$les1 /raw1 or *aff %\ld be plac$ ^u ! floor4 ,beg9n+ at ! back ( ! b9 ! potatoes are pil$ to a dep? ( #cj or #dj in*es until ! entire floor space is cov]$ & a numb] ( slats are requir$ to be plac$ across ! doorway op5+4 ,a few gra9 bags fill$ ) /raw %\ld be plac$ ^u ! potatoes at int]vals f front to back ( ! b91 & ^u ^! planks on :i* ! m5 may walk :ile c>ry+ 9 ! next lay] ( potatoes may be laid4 ,9 ?is way a b9 may be fill$ to a dep? ( #h or #i feet by ab\t ?ree lay]s4 ,by dump+ !m 9 lay]s ! potatoes h an opportunity to become ?or\ghly dry be=e a new lay] is plac$ ov] !m4 ,temp]ature & ,v5tilation ( ,/orage ,h\ses4--,two or ?ree days be=e beg9n+ to br+ 9 ! potatoes1 ! /orage h\se %\ld be ?or\ghly clean$ & ! heat+ appliance put 9 work+ ord] & />t$1 9 ord] to h ! h\se bo? w>m & dry :5 ! crop comes 94 ,?r\gh\t ! "t ( /or+ & = ab\t t5 days aft] ! potatoes are all 9 ! b9s a temp]ature ( #he or #ij ,f4 %\ld be ma9ta9$ 9 ! h\se1 ) pl5ty ( v5tilation4 ,?is con/itutes :at is kn[n z ! sweat+ or cur+ process1 & ! keep+ qualities ( ! potatoes dep5d ^u ! ?or\ghness ) :i* ?is "p ( ! "w is done4 ,wood-burn+ /oves are frequ5tly employ$ = heat+ sweet potato /orage h\ses1 b a hot-wat] boil] ) coils ( pipes along ! walls ( ! build+ is v satisfactory4 ,aft] ! crop is all 9 & ?or\ghly cur$1 ! temp]ature ( ! /orage h\se %\ld be gradually l[]$ & may v>y betwe5 #ee & #fe ,f41 b consid]able v5tilation %\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,sweet potatoes %\ld be h&l$ v c>efully & z few times z possible1 ! ess5tials to good keep+ be+ a reasonable degree ( w>m?1 a dry atmosph]e1 & c>eful h&l+4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 ) ! se$ = ! next ye>'s plant+ to see t x is c>efully h&l$ & prop]ly /or$4 ,:ile a temp]ature ( #hj or #he ,f4 is requir$ to prop]ly />t ! se$ into gr[? 9 ! spr+1 a high] temp]ature dur+ a long p]iod ( "t 9 /orage is liable to injure or ev5 kill ! buds4 ,potatoes int5d$ = se$ %\ld n be /or$ 9 too great quantities1 & :]e b a small supply is ne$$ !y c (t5 be kept buri$ 9 dry s& aft] hav+ fir/ be5 ?or\ghly cur$4 ,! s& us$ = ?is purpose %\ld be bak$ to insure ! driv+ (f ( moi/ure1 & may be plac$ ar\nd ! potatoes :ile slightly w>m4 ,9 controll+ ! v5tilation ( ! /orage h\se dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 outside air %\ld be admitt$ only :5 q dry & :5 its temp]ature is l[] ?an t ( ! air 9 ! /orage h\se4 ,if w>m1 moi/ air is admitt$ consid]able moi/ure w be deposit$ ^u ! potatoes1 ?us injur+ _! keep+ qualities4 ,loss f ,%r9kage 9 ,/orage4--,"u prop] /orage conditions sweet potatoes w %r9k f #f to #aj p] c5t1 b ! loss 9 weight w be great] if ! temp]ature ( ! h\se is c>ri$ too high4 ,if ! potatoes are n mature :5 dug f ! field ! loss f %r9kage may be z mu* z #ae p] c5t1 & immature /ock %\ld be m>ket$ e>ly 9 ! w9t]4 ,m>ket+ ,dur+ ,w9t] ,mon?s4--,= m>ket+ f outside pits x is desirable to h ! quantity /or$ 9 "o pit small en\gh to p]mit ( all be+ remov$ at "o "t4 ,! potatoes may be remov$ f outdoor cell>s z desir$4 ,9 m>ket+ f heat$ /orage h\ses ! potatoes %\ld n be di/urb$ until !y are b>rel$ or crat$1 & !n !y %\ld be plac$ directly ^u ! m>ket & sold )\t delay4 ,:5 %ipp+ dur+ cold wea!r ! b>rels %\ld at lea/ be l9$ ) pap]1 & a cov]+ ( heavy br[n pap] ov] ! outside ( ! b>rels w =m a safegu>d4 ,if ! potatoes are %ipp$ 9 c>load lots dur+ ! w9t] ! c>s %\ld be ei!r ( ! regul> refrig]ator type or felt l9$4 ,v>ieties4--,( ! l>ge numb] ( v>ieties ( ! sweet potato !re are n m ?an t5 t are n[ ( great comm]cial importance 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,= ! m>kets t require a dry1 mealy-fle%$ potato ^? v>ieties belong+ to ! ,j]sey gr\p are suitable4 ,= ! s\!rn trade & :]e a moi/-fle%$ potato is desir$ ^? commonly designat$ z yams are 9 dem&4 ,among ! ,j]seys t are ext5sively gr[n are ! ,big-,/em ,j]sey1 ! ,yell[ ,j]sey & ! ,r$ ,j]sey4 ,! pr9cipal v>ieties ( ! yam gr\p are ! ,s\!rn ,que51 ! ,pumpk9 ,yam1 ! ,georgia1 ! ,florida1 & ! ,r$ ,b]muda4 ,( ! v>ieties m5tion$ !re are a l>ge numb] ( special /ra9s1 kn[n "u _m local names4 ,9 ! selection ( v>ieties = home use "o mu/ be gov]n$ l>gely by locality4 ,z a rule ^? ( ! ,j]sey gr\p w ?rive f>!r nor? ?an ^? ( ! s-call$ yam types4 ,= m>ket purposes ! p>ticul> v>iety or /ra9 gr[n 9 ! vic9ity %\ld fir/ be select$1 & aft]w>d o!r v>ieties may be exp]im5t$ ) 9 a small way4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #bie1 #cbd2 ,tuskegee ,e4 ,s4 #b1 #aj1 #ag2 ,ariz4 ,e4 ,s4 #hf2 ,n4 ,mex4 ,e4 ,s4 #gj2 ,s4 ,c>4 ,e4 ,s4 #e1 #acf2 ,s4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s4 #ia47 ,,swiss ,,*>d4 ,! "p eat5 is n ! root1 b ! midrib ( ! leaf :i* is prep>$ mu* ! same z asp>agus4 ,! flavor is di/9ct f t ( ! ord9>y beet root4 ,give ! same culture z requir$ = beets4 ,! soil %\ld be ri*]4 ,9 ! fall cov] ) /raw4 ,?is w aid an e>ly gr[? & help blan* ! /ems4 ,?is is a v valuable plant & %\ld be cultivat$ m ext5sively4 ,,?yme4 ,! leaves are us$ = season+1 & a tea is also made !refrom = n]v\s heada*e4 ,,tomatoes4 ,because ( ! tropical orig9 ( ! tomato x requires a long season = its gr[? & developm5t1 & on ?is acc\nt x is necess>y 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 9 ord] to secure pay+ crops1 to resort to me?ods :i* l5g!n ! gr[+ season4 ,x is mu* easi] = ! g>d5] to accompli% ?is :ile ! plant is small ?an :5 x is l>ge1 & because e>ly fruits are z a rule m valuable ?an late ones x is ( advantage to ! g>d5] to secure 8 crop z e>ly 9 ! season z practicable4 ,! season is1 !re=e1 l5g!n$ at ! beg9n+ r ?an at ! end4 ,?is is accompli%$ by s[+ se$s 9 hotb$s or gre5h\ses sev]al weeks 9 advance ( ! "t :5 !y c\ld be safely plant$ 9 ! op54 ,! ,tomato z a ,field ,crop at ! ,nor?4--,ea/ ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] & nor? ( ! latitude ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ! tomato is h&l$ z an annual1 ! se$s be+ s[n 9 hotb$s ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*4 ,! "y plants1 z soon z !y h develop$ _! fir/ true leaves1 are transplant$ to /& ab\t #b in*es ap>t ea* way & are all[$ to develop 9 ^! qu>t]s until !y h atta9$ a height ( f #d to #f in*es & ! leaves beg9 to cr[d consid]ably4 ,!y are !n transplant$ to pots1 #c or #d in*es 9 diamet]4 ,tra9+ ,plants to ,/akes4--,= e>lie/ returns x is desirable to tra9 =c$ plants to a s+le /em by ty+ !m to a /ake #d or #e feet 9 height4 ,^! /akes %\ld be driv5 firmly into ! gr\nd beside ! plants & ! plants c>efully ti$ to !m to prev5t :ipp+ & to keep ! fruits (f ! gr\nd4 ,all side %oots %\ld be kept p9*$ out & only ! c5tral lead+ /em all[$ to develop to br+ l>g] results4 ,if ! plants are to be tra9$ 9 ?is way !y c be set f #ah in*es to #b feet ap>t 9 ! r[1 & ab\t #c-a_/b to #d feet betwe5 ! r[s4 ,tra9+ ,plants on ,frames4--,ano!r plan sometimes foll[$ 9 ! tra9+ ( tomatoes is to place a fl>+ frame1 ab\t #ah in*es squ>e at ! base & #bd in*es squ>e at ! top ov] ! plants be=e !y beg9 to spread4 ,! %oots z !y become heavy ) fruit fall ov] aga9/ ! sides ( ! rack & are prev5t$ f com+ 9 contact ) ! e>?4 ,= a kit*5 g>d5 :]e b few plants are gr[n ?is is a v satisfactory plan4 ,! plants c be set some:at clos] ?an is ! case :]e no supports are provid$4 ,= comm]cial plantations1 h[ev]1 ! co/ ( ! frames is prohibitive4 ,! common comm]cial practice is to place ! plants ab\t #d feet ap>t ea* way 9 *eck r[s s z to all[ !m to be cultivat$ 9 bo? directions4 ,"u int5sive cultivation 9 a small g>d51 h[ev]1 ! fir/ me?od1 t ( ty+ ! v9es to /akes1 w be f\nd v satisfactory4 ,:]e tomatoes are gr[n on a l>ge scale & :]e ! product br+s only a small price p] bu%el1 exp5sive me?ods ( h&l+ & tra9+ c n be pr(itably foll[$4 ,! common practice 9 gr[+ tomatoes = ! g5]al m>ket & = cann+ purposes 9 localities nor? ( ,new ,york ,city is to s[ ! se$ v ?9ly 9 a hotb$ ab\t ,m>* #ae & all[ ! plants to gr[ sl[ly )\t transplant+ !m until !y c be put 9 ! field ab\t ,june #a4 ,! plants1 ev5 ) ! mo/ c>eful att5tion1 :5 gr[n "u ^! conditions w become long & ?9 /emm$1 ) a small tuft ( leaves at ! top4 ,sett+ ! ,plants4--,plants m ?an a foot high :i* h be5 gr[n "u ^! conditions %\ld be treat$ some:at z foll[s3 ,in/ead ( attempt+ to set ! plant deeply & ma9ta9 x 9 an upright position1 remove all except ?ree or f\r ( ! top-mo/ leaves ab\t ! gr[+ po9t4 ,dig a %all[ tr5* along ! r[--a tr5* #c or #d in*es deep--slightly slop+ f a deep po9t at "o end to ! surface ( ! gr\nd at ! o!r4 ,place ! b>e /em ( ! tomato & ! root 9 ?is tr5*1 ) ! root 9 ! deepe/ portion1 cov] ! /em ?r\gh\t its l5g? ) fre% soil1 & pack ?is firmly4 ,"u ^! conditions ! plant w take root ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! buri$ /em1 & 9 a %ort "t ! add$ root sy/em :i* is ?us giv5 ! plant w =ce x into vigor\s gr[?4 ,plants ( ?is "* :i* are to be gr[n on an ext5sive scale are nev] tra9$4 ,!y are all[$ to gr[ at w1 & ! fruits are ga!r$ z !y rip5 )\t special att5tion to keep !m (f ! gr\nd or o!rwise to c>e = !m4 ,l5g? ( ,season4--,! season ( fruit production is long] 9 ! high] ?an 9 ! l[] latitudes4 ,?is is a r int]e/+ & unexpect$ condition4 ,normally "o w\ld expect to f9d t ! tomato w\ld beg9 matur+ its fruit e>li] & w\ld cont9ue be>+ long] 9 ! latitude ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton ?an x w\ld 9 ! latitude ( ,bo/on2 b ?is is n ! case4 ,tomatoes 9 ! latitude ( ,wa%+ton & s\? ( ?is po9t come into be>+1 quickly produce a heavy flu% ( fruit1 & !n refuse to d m1 & 9 ord] to h a cont9u\s supply ?r\gh\t ! season x is necess>y = m>ket g>d5]s & truck]s to plant se$s 9 succession s z to keep up a cont9u\s supply4 ,f]tiliz]s4--,s9ce ! tomato is gr[n exclusively = its fruit1 ^? f]tiliz]s :i* induce a l>ge gr[? ( plant & foliage are n desirable 9 ! production ( ?is crop4 ,soils v>y greatly 9 reg>d to ! quantity ( available plant food !y conta94 ,! use ( a f]tiliz] is det]m9$ l>gely by ! "*1 me*anical condition1 & composition ( ! soil4 ,if a soil is defici5t 9 all ! ess5tial elem5ts ( plant food--nitrog51 pota%1 & phosphoric acid--! application ( any "o or ev5 two ( !m w n mat]ially influ5ce ! yield ( ! crop4 ,on ! o!r h&1 on soils defici5t only 9 pota% or phosphoric acid1 or bo?1 little w\ld be ga9$ by add+ nitrog51 :i* is already 9 excess1 to ! o!r elem5t or elem5ts to be appli$4 ,economy ( op]ation1 z well z ! g5]al effect ^u ! soil1 mu/ also be consid]$4 ,?is may be influ5c$ by ! "* ( ! season1 b %\ld be bas$ on ! increas$ yield & increas$ net receipts ( ! crop4 ,z a g5]al rule1 readily soluble1 quick-act+ f]tiliz]s :i* produce an e>ly gr[? & e>ly rip5+ ( ! crop are mo/ desirable4 ,heavy dress+s ( /able manure t5d to produce too mu* v9e1 & are seldom or nev] employ$4 ,if /able manure is us$ x is at a mod]ate rate1 usually n m ?an "o or two %ovelfuls to a plant4 ,?is1 if well decompos$ & ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! soil1 is v /imulat+ to ! "y plant & consequ5tly v b5eficial4 ,any f]tiliz] us$ %\ld be appli$1 9 "p at lea/1 at ! "t ! plants are transplant$ to ! field4 ,cultivation4--,z soon z ! "y se$l+ plants f ! hotb$ or gre5h\se are transf]r$ to ! field !y %\ld be giv5 clean cultivation ) implem5ts :i* /ir ! surface ( ! soil b d n produce ridges or furr[s4 ,:5 ! plants are set 9 *eck r[s #d feet ap>t ea* way x is possible 9 field culture to keep ! plantation almo/ free f we$s by ! use ( horse hoes4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! plants are set s t cultivation c be c>ri$ on only 9 "o direction1 h& hoe+ w be necess>y to keep d[n we$s betwe5 ! plants 9 ! r[4 ,:]e l& is n exp5sive1 & :]e labor co/s heavily1 ! co/ ( produc+ a crop ( tomatoes c be decid$ly less5$ by plant+ 9 *eck r[s & c>ry+ on ! cultivation by horsep[]4 ,! gr[] %\ld be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ! object ( cultivation is n m]ely to kill we$s4 ,! de/ruction ( we$s is an important factor & 9 itself suffici5t to ju/ify clean culture1 b ! pres]vation ( a soil mul* = ! purpose ( husb&+ ! moi/ure ( ! soil dur+ p]iods ( dr\ght is ( ev5 great] value4 ,) c>e 9 ! *oice ( implem5ts bo? results c be atta9$ ) ! same exp5diture ( labor4 ,h>ve/+ & ,m>ket+4--,! fruits %\ld be ga!r$ two or ?ree times a week if ! tomato is gr[n z a truck crop4 ,:5 us$ = cann+ purposes ! h>ve/+ p]iods ne$ n be q s close1 & :5 ! fruits are to be %ipp$ "s di/ance !y %\ld be ga!r$ z soon z p>tially color$1 in/ead ( all[+ !m to become color$ on ! v9e4 ,! fruit ( ! tomato is velvet gre5 up to ! "t ! rip5+ process beg9s1 & at ?is /age1 if ! products are to be %ipp$ long di/ances1 ! fruits %\ld be h>ve/$4 ,= home m>kets1 h[ev]1 ! fruits %\ld be all[$ to rip5 ^u ! plant4 ,9 h>ve/+1 none except s\nd fruits ( a simil> /age ( maturity %\ld be h>ve/$ & pack$ 9 any "o receptacle4 ,leaky fruits & de=m$ fruits %\ld be reject$4 ,9 pack+ tomatoes = ! m>ket1 ^? t are symmetrical 9 =m & uni=m 9 size & ( a l degree ( rip5ess %\ld be select$ = fill+ any "o receptacle4 ,v>ieties = ! ,nor?4--,!re are a l>ge numb] ( sorts ( tomatoes1 ea* "o possess+ "s po9ts ( m]it or diff]5ce :i* di/+ui% x f all o!rs4 ,^! diff]5ces enable ! intellig5t cultivator to select sorts = special purposes1 z well z = special soils & climates4 ,! v>y+ dem&s ( ! m>kets & ! diff]5t soil & climatic conditions pres5t$ 9 ! v>i\s sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e ! tomato is gr[n c only be satisfi$ by a v>iety li/ z v>iable z are ! conditions4 ,e>ly rip5+ sorts are frequ5tly irregul> 9 %ape1 h comp>atively ?9 walls1 l>ge se$ cavities1 & num]\s se$s4 ,! fruit is apt to color & rip5 unev5ly1 rema9+ gre5 ar\nd ! /em1 or to conta9 a h>d gre5 core4 ,lat]-rip5+ sorts1 :ile n all sup]ior to ! o!rs1 h z a rule ?ick] & firm] walls1 small] se$ cavities1 & few se$s4 ,! mo/ highly develop$ v>ieties n[ make few se$s & rip5 ev5ly4 ,^! *>act]i/ics ( ! fruits are important factors 9 det]m9+ _! fitness = special purposes4 ,m$ium-siz$1 smoo?1 sph]ical fruits1 :i* rip5 ev5ly & h small se$ cavities & ?ick walls are especially suit$ to long-di/ance %ipm5t4 ,^! qualities %\ld ent] into e sort select$ to ! greate/ possible degree consi/5t ) e>l9ess1 lat5ess1 heavy yield1 or any o!r special quality :i* gives ! v>iety a m>k$ comm]cial advantage4 ,! foll[+ li/ is made up ( v>ieties possess+ "s m>k$ly di/9ct "*1 su* z e>l9ess1 great size1 purple1 r$1 or yell[ color1 dw>f habit1 etc43 ,e>ly ,rip5+ ,v>ieties4--,sp>ks' ,e>liana1 ,atlantic ,prize1 ,e>ly ,fre$om4 ,l>ge-,fruit$ ,v>ieties4--,pond]osa1 ,beef/eak4 ,purple-,fruit$ ,v>ieties4--,beauty1 ,acme1 ,imp]ial4 ,r$-,fruit$ ,v>ieties4--,favorite 7late71 ,honor ,bright1 ,mat*less1 ,/one1 ,royal ,r$1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,yell[-,fruit$ ,v>ieties4--,gold5 ,que51 ,lemon ,blu%4 ,dw>f or ,tree ,types4--,dw>f ,*ampion1 ,/ation ,upright ,tree1 ,ari/ocrat4 ,potato-,leaf ,types4--,liv+/on's ,potato-,leaf1 ,mikado1 ,turn]'s ,hybrid4 ,! ,tomato z a ,field ,crop at ! ,s\?4--,comm]cial tomato gr[+ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates is almo/ exclusively conf9$ to ! production ( tomatoes at a season :5 !y c n be gr[n at ! ,nor?1 except 9 gre5h\ses4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! comm]cial production ( ?is crop is re/rict$ to areas :]e !re is v little1 if any1 freez+ dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,"t ( ,plant+4--,at ! extreme s\!rn limit ( ! comm]cial cultivation ( ?is crop 9 ,florida ! plants are gr[n s z to be ready = sett+ 9 ! op5 ab\t ,decemb] #a4 ,! date ( se$ s[+ advances z ! cultivation ( ! crop progresses nor?w>d1 s t 9 nor!rn ,florida ! se$s are s[n e>ly 9 ,janu>y & ! "y plants plac$ 9 ! field 9 ,m>*4 ,:]e fro/ conditions d n =m b>ri]s aga9/ ! production ( se$l+ plants 9 ! op51 ! se$ b$s = ! "y plants are prep>$ 9 "s %elt]$ situation :]e p>tial %ade c be giv5 & :]e ! se$ b$ c be frequ5tly wat]$4 ,! "y plants1 z soon z !y h atta9$ ! prop] size--t is1 f #f to #aj in*es 9 height--are transf]r$ to ! field 9 practically ! same mann] z are ! hotb$-gr[n plants produc$ = g5]al field culture at ! ,nor?1 & except = a specially e>ly crop !y are n transplant$ or pott$4 ,! "y se$l+s 9 ! cold frame w require c>eful att5tion 9 ! way ( wat]+ & v5tilation2 o!rwise _m plants w be lo/ by damp+ (f or f sun-scor*+ dur+ bright days unless ! sa% are lift$ or entirely remov$4 ,yield4--,! yield ( fruit 9 ! ,s\?1 "u ! conditions m5tion$1 is mu* less ?an x is 9 regions hav+ ! long gr[+ p]iods *>act]i/ic ( high] latitudes4 ,yields v>y f #ge to #bej bu%els to ! acre1 b ! high price obta9$ = ! fruits :i* are ?us produc$ at a season :5 ! sole competition comes f ! products ( nor!rn gre5h\ses r5d]s ! crop1 :5 well h&l$1 v remun]ative4 ,soil4--,! soil :i* is pref]r$ = ! production ( ?is crop is "o :i* conta9s a comp>atively high p]c5tage ( s&4 ,9 ?is region s&y loam or a s&y soil is pref]r$ to bottom l& = ! cultivation ( tomatoes4 ,an area ) a g5tle slope to ! s\? is consid]$ m desirable ?an t ) o!r exposure4 ,if a w9d-break c be secur$ along ! nor? & we/ sides ( ! area v e>ly crops c frequ5tly be pres]v$ ?r\gh a w9d-/orm :5 ! temp]ature1 :ile n l[ en\gh to freeze ! plants1 w1 :5 accompani$ by a high w9d1 *ill & de/roy !m4 ,v>ieties = ! ,s\?4--,9 ! ,s\?1 :]e ! tomato is h&l$ z a %ort-season crop1 c]ta9 v>ieties are f\nd to give be/ results 9 c]ta9 di/ricts4 ,along ! ,atlantic seabo>d ! gr[]s ( tomatoes use su* sorts z ,beauty1 ,/one1 ,p]fection1 ,ari/ocrat1 & ,p>agon4 ,9 ! truck regions ( ea/]n ,texas ! ,dw>f ,*ampion is p]haps m univ]sally gr[n ?an any o!r v>iety1 b 9 ?is same region ! ,success is f\nd to be a m pr(itable late-season or fall crop ?an ! ,*ampion4 ,=c+ ,tomatoes4--,9 ! =c+ ( plants1 :i* means ! gr[+ ( a plant out ( its natural season & 9 an artificial environm5t1 ! fir/ requirem5t = success is a prop]ly con/ruct$ protective /ructure or gre5h\se4 ,because ( ! tropical nature ( ! tomato m ?an ord9>y provisions mu/ be made 9 ord] to meet ! dem&s ( ?is crop4 ,9 ! =c+ ( mo/ vegetables a l[] temp]ature & b5*es )\t bottom heat are satisfactory1 b ) ! tomato ! h\se mu/ be pip$ s z to ma9ta9 a m9imum temp]ature ( #fe degrees ,f41 & ! b5*es %\ld be s con/ruct$ z to admit ( apply+ bottom heat4 ,type ( ,gre5h\se4--,! type ( h\se t is g5]ally employ$ = ! =c+ ( tomatoes is ! ev5-span or a ?ree-f\r?s span h\se4 ,if ! ev5-span h\se is us$ x is pref]able to h ! ridge runn+ nor? & s\?2 if ! ?ree-f\r?s span h\se is employ$ x is be/ to h ! long side slop+ t[>d ! s\?4 ,! tomato :5 gr[n 9 ! =c+ h\se1 because ( its long fruit+ season & ! fact t its clu/]s ( fruit are borne "o above ! o!r1 requires a consid]able am\nt ( head room4 ,l[ h\ses are !re=e n desirable 9 ! production ( ?is crop4 ,! side walls ( a h\se design$ = ! =c+ ( tomatoes %\ld be at lea/ #d feet 9 height1 & ! di/ance f ! top ( ! middle b5* to ! ridge ( ! h\se %\ld be at lea/ #aj feet4 ,soil4--,! soil = ! production ( ?is crop %\ld be well decompos$ loam1 made1 if possible1 f sods f an old pa/ure1 ! soil ( :i* is a r light clay loam or a heavy s&y loam4 ,) ?is %\ld be incorporat$ ab\t "o-f\r? its bulk ( well-rott$ /able manure1 pref]ably c[ manure4 ,by compo/+ ^! two mat]ials = f f\r to six mon?s be=e !y are requir$ = use a v satisfactory soil = ! =c+ ( tomatoes w result4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to all[ ! soil t is us$ = =c+ tomatoes to be froz5 ea* ye>4 ,! dep? ( soil requir$ = ! successful gr[? ( tomatoes is consid]ably m ?an t employ$ = roses1 al?\gh ! temp]ature & o!r requirem5ts are v simil> to ^? dem&$ by ! rose4 ,:ile #d or #e in*es ( soil are adequate to produce a crop ( roses1 ! soil = tomatoes %\ld be at lea/ #f or #h in*es 9 dep?2 #h in*es is pref]able4 ,x is n well to all[ ! soil to rema9 9 ! gre5h\se long] ?an a s+le season4 ,x becomes some:at exhau/$ & is likely to become infe/$ ) injuri\s =ms ( life1 p>ticul>ly nematodes1 :i* cause root-knots ^u ! tomato plants1 ?us defeat+ ! "w ( ! g>d5]4 ,?is tr\ble1 h[ev]1 c be easily ov]come by subject+ ! soil to freez+4 ,se$l+ ,plants4--,two types ( plants are us$ = =c+ purposes--se$l+ plants & cutt+ plants4 ,! =m] are1 ( c\rse1 se$l+s gr[n f se$ especially s[n = ! purpose ( rais+ plants to be gr[n 9 a gre5h\se4 ,x is cu/om>y 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york & nor?w>d to s[ ! se$ = a =c+ crop ( tomatoes 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/4 ,! "y se$l+ plants1 z soon z !y develop ! fir/ true leaves1 are !n transplant$ f ! se$ b$ to small pots1 pref]ably #c-;in* pots4 ,!y are plant$ deeply at ?is "t & are kept gr[+ rapidly b n suffici5tly to produce a s(t1 succul5t gr[?4 ,z soon z ! #c-;in* pots are fill$ ) roots ! plants are %ift$ to #d-;in* pots1 & :5 ! plants h atta9$ a height ( #ab or #ae in*es1 & h develop$ _! fir/ blossoms1 !y are usually plac$ on ! b5*es ( ! gre5h\se1 :]e !y are to produce _! crop4 ,! plants are !n set #ae or #ah in*es ap>t ea* way 9 a soil prep>$ z previ\sly describ$4 ,cutt+ ,plants4--,cutt+s %\ld be tak5 f /rong1 heal?y1 vigor\s-gr[+ plants 9 ! field1 & plac$ 9 ! cutt+ b$ ab\t ! la/ ( ,augu/1 :]e !y w quickly take root4 ,z soon z ! roots h develop$ to a l5g? ( f "o-half to #a in* ! "y plants are %ift$ to #c or #d in* pots1 :]e !y are all[$ to develop until ! blossom buds are well =m$ or ! blossoms h exp&$1 :5 !y %\ld be plant$ on ! b5* :]e !y are to mature _! crop1 9 l mann] z not$ = se$l+ plants4 ,poll9ation4--,9 ! field1 :]e ! tomato plants are expos$ to ! action ( w9d & to ! visits ( insects1 no special att5tion is necess>y 9 ord] to secure ! poll9ation ( ! fl[]s & ! sett+ ( ! fruits4 ,"u ! conditions exi/+ 9 a gre5h\se1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to artificially poll9ate ! fl[]s ( ! tomato2 o!rwise only a v small p]c5tage ( fruits w set & ! object ( ! "w w be defeat$4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to all[ ! temp]ature ( ! h\se to become q high 9 ! middle ( ! day on bright sun%9y days :ile ! plants are 9 bloom1 & to pass ?r\gh ! h\se at ?is "t ) a little /ick1 #ah in*es or #b feet 9 l5g?1 ) :i* to /rike ! support+ /r+s or wires & ?us to set ! plants 9 motion & lib]ate ! poll5 & cause x to f]tilize ! fl[]s4 ,a m satisfactory way1 h[ev]1 is to use a wat* glass1 #a-a_/d or #a-ab in*es 9 diamet]1 emb$d$ 9 putty1 at ! end ( a h&le compos$ ( a light mat]ial1 pref]ably :ite p9e1 :i* %all be #ab or #ah in*es long4 ,grasp ?is spatula 9 ! left h& &1 ) a light p9e /ick ( equal l5g? 9 ! "r h&1 pass ?r\gh ! h\se1 tapp+ ea* op5 fl[] lightly ) ! w&1 at ! same "t hold+ ! wat* glass "u ! fl[]s to cat* ! poll54 ,be=e remov+ ! wat* glass f ?is position lift x suffici5tly to cause ! /igma ( ! fl[] to dip into ! poll5 conta9$ 9 ! glass4 ,by c>efully go+ ?r\gh ! h\se f day to day dur+ ! bloom+ p]iod ne>ly #ij p] c5t ( ! blossoms :i* develop c be caus$ to set4 ,dur+ d>k1 cl\dy1 /ormy wea!r1 h[ev]1 a small] p]c5tage ( plants w be f]tiliz$ ?an dur+ bright1 comp>atively dry wea!r4 ,! conditions 9 ! gre5h\se c n be modifi$ s z to entirely ov]come ! adv]se conditions exi/+ on ! outside1 al?\gh ) c>e mu* c be done 9 ?is direction4 ,manur+4--,x is desirable to keep plants ( ! tomato :i* are design$ = =c+ gr[+ at a mod]ately rapid rate ?r\gh\t ! :ole =c+ p]iod4 ,gr[? %\ld be /rong & robu/ at all times1 yet sl[ en\gh to produce close-jo9t$ plants :i* be> _! fruit clu/]s at ne> int]vals4 ,!re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 v>ieties ( tomatoes 9 ?is respect1 & ^? :i* naturally be> _! fruit clu/]s close toge!r %\ld be select$ = =c+ purposes4 ,! manur+ ( ! plants %\ld1 !re=e1 take a =m :i* w be conducive to ?is /rong1 vigor\s gr[?1 yet n suffici5tly heavy to produce plants :i* run to wood at ! exp5se ( fruit be>+4 ,v5tilat+ & ,wat]+4--,if c>eful att5tion is giv5 to keep+ ! plants 9 a heal?y condition by nev] all[+ !m to suff] f ov]wat]+ or f becom+ too dry1 & if suffici5t v5tilation is giv5 )\t all[+ draughts ( cold air ^u ! plants1 mu* c be done to prev5t ! developm5t ( mildew4 ,if ! plants are to be spray$ x %\ld be done once a week or once 9 t5 days1 & !n only 9 ! morn+s ( bright days4 ,ord9>ily1 h[ev]1 ! atmosph]e ( ! h\se %\ld be kept dry r ?an moi/1 z a v moi/ atmosph]e is liable to produce a s(t1 succul5t gr[?1 :i* br+s on a disease kn[n to g>d5]s z o$ema4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c be prev5t$ by c>e 9 keep+ ! h\se r dry4 ,! temp]ature ( ! h\se1 too1 %\ld n be all[$ to fluctuate ?r\gh too wide a range4 ,! night temp]ature = tomatoes %\ld range betwe5 #fe & #fh ,f41 :ile ! day temp]ature %\ld run f #gj to #hj ,f4 ,v>ieties = ,=c+4--,! comp>atively limit$ use ( tomatoes = =c+ purposes 9 ?is c\ntry has n result$ 9 ! developm5t ( _m sorts especially suit$ = ?is purpose4 ,! ,lorill>d is ! "o ,am]ican sort :i* is n[ almo/ exclusively conf9$ to ?is use1 & x is p]haps m g5]ally cultivat$ 9 =c+ h\ses ?an any o!r s+le v>iety4 ,! ,tomato z a ,field ,crop = ,cann]ies4--,ow+ to ! fact t 9 cann$ tomatoes x is difficult = ! av]age consum] to note any defici5cies 9 ! appe>ance ( ! orig9al fruit1 _m labor "u ! delusion t any v>iety w answ] = ?is purpose4 ,?is is a mi/ak5 idea1 z quality 9 cann$ goods is n[ an important factor1 & x is q z necess>y t a good quality ( product %\ld be us$ = cann+ z = gr[+ = ! e>ly or g5]al m>ket1 al?\gh f ! field side x is natural t tonnage %\ld be a prim>y consid]ation4 ,9 ! matt] ( v>ieties1 z 9 ! case ( e>ly tomatoes1 too mu* dep5d5ce %\ld n be plac$ ^u ! "n or ^u ! fact t a neighbor+ f>m] secures good results f a giv5 v>iety4 ,!re are s _m v>iations 9 ! "* ( soils1 ev5 9 ! same locality1 :i* ex]t an influ5ce ^u ! size & quality ( crop t ! be/ v>iety is usually "o t is1 9 "p at lea/1 develop$ by ! individual gr[]4 ,! ma9 po9t is to select v>ieties t produce l>ge1 smoo?1 solid fruits1 :i* d n rema9 gre5 or crack on ! %ad$ side ne> ! /em4 ,^? :i* possess size z _! *ief *>act]i/ic are frequ5tly ( poor quality1 z !y are likely to possess l>ge se$ cavities & to rip5 unev5ly4 ,! conditions 9 "s sections are su* z to prev5t ! cann]s f mak+ z mu* di/9ction betwe5 good & poor v>ieties z !y w\ld l4 ,cann]ies are 9 a measure oblig$ to receive all t come1 unless !y c control absolutely ! l& ^u :i* ! crop is gr[n4 ,! v>iation 9 ! quality ( ! crops ( diff]5t f>m]s w make a diff]5ce ( f #be to #dj cans on a ton ( fruit1 or f #f to #aj p] c5t--a v consid]able item4 ,9 good seasons & ) good fruit #djj cans may be reg>d$ z ! maximum numb] to be d]iv$ f a ton1 ?\gh late 9 ! season1 & ) poor v>ieties1 z already /at$1 ! pack f a ton is v mu* less4 ,! int]e/s ( ! gr[] & ! cann] are really id5tical 9 ?is reg>d4 ,an improvem5t 9 ! quality ( ! fruit w result 9 an improvem5t ( ! cann$ product & a consequ5t increase 9 ! price ( bo? ! raw & manufactur$ products4 ,less exp5se is involv$ 9 gr[+ suitable plants = cann]y purposes ?an = o!r crops4 ,?is is due to ! fact t e>l9ess is n s important a factor z x is 9 ! m>ket g>d5 crop4 ,f]tiliz+ & ,cultivat+ ! ,soil4--,9 manur+ & f]tiliz+1 ! "* ( ! crop & ! season ( its gr[? %\ld be rememb]$4 ,h5ce1 recomm5dations t 7 made = an e>ly crop d n apply 9 all cases except p]haps on ! poor] classes ( soils4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! plants are n put 9 ! soil until summ]1 :5 ! conditions are mo/ favorable = ! rapid *ange ( organic =ms ( nitrog5 into nitrates1 & ?us1 if ! soil has be5 manur$ or is naturally ri* 9 vegetable matt]1 ! additional application ( nitrog5 9 imm$iately available =ms is n s important4 ,9 ! second place1 ! object ( ! gr[? is n e>ly maturity1 b ! l>ge/ yield ( mature fruit4 ,sett+ & ,cultivat+ ! ,plants4--,! plants %\ld be set f #d to #d-a_/b feet ap>t ea* way & cultivation %\ld beg9 imm$iately4 ,! fir/ cultivation %\ld be deep1 9 ord] to cons]ve ! moi/ure1 & ea* subsequ5t cultivation %all[]1 9 ord] n to de/roy ! roots1 :i* w fill ! soil z soon z ! plants rea* maturity4 ,! crop 9 good seasons %\ld beg9 to rip5 9 ,augu/1 & pick+ w cont9ue f t "t until ! la/ ( ,septemb]4 ,co/1 ,yield1 & ,value ( ,crop4--,! co/ ( production p] acre is mu* less = fruit = cann+ ?an 9 ! case ( e>ly tomatoes1 ! *ief diff]5ce be+ 9 ! production ( ! plants4 ,! sev]al items may be classifi$ z foll[s3 ,co/ ( gr[+ an acre ( tomatoes = cann+3 ,plants #b4jj ,manures & f]tiliz]s #h4jj ,prep>ation ( l&1 sett+ plants & cultivation #h4jj ,pick+ & c>t+ #aj4jj ,total #bh4jj ,! yield1 z 9 ! case ( ! e>ly tomatoes1 v>ies widely1 rang+ f #e to z high z #bj tons p] acre1 ev5 #cj tons p] acre hav+ be5 report$ 9 exceptional cases1 al?\gh ! av]age = a s]ies ( ye>s on av]age l& w probably be "u #h tons4 ,:]e all conditions are c>efully obs]v$1 #bj-ton yields are frequ5tly obta9$1 & at ! prices receiv$ at ! cann]y1 rang+ f #e to #g4ej p] ton1 accord+ to ! locality1 ! crop is a fairly good "o & ! net pr(its are q z l>ge z = o!r field crops4 ,,turnips4 ,a great v>iety ( turnips is gr[n ?r\gh\t temp]ate climates1 "s ( :i* be+ co>se 9 texture are us$ z food = f>m animals :ile o!r v>ieties are rais$ z table vegetables4 ,!re is consid]able v>iation 9 ! color1 flavor1 & composition ( ! turnip1 ! yell[-fle%$ sorts z a gr\p be+ commonly di/+ui%$ f ! :ite by ! "n ,sw$es or ruta-bagas4 ,9 ! summ] ! e>ly :ite v>ieties are usually pref]r$ 9 spite ( ! fact t !y are m wat]y1 :ile 9 w9t] ! yell[ turnips are m commonly us$4 ,! turnip requires a ri* soil1 & may be gr[n ei!r z an e>ly or a late crop4 ,= an e>ly crop1 s[ ! se$s 9 drills #ab to #ah in*es ap>t z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z ! condition ( ! soil w p]mit4 ,two p\nds ( se$ are requir$ to plant an acre4 ,aft] ! plants appe>1 ?9 to ab\t #c in*es4 ,! roots w be ready = use be=e hot wea!r4 ,= late turnips ! se$s are usually s[n broadca/ on l& f :i* "s e>ly crop has be5 remov$1 g5]ally dur+ ,july or ,augu/1 b lat] 9 ! ,s\?4 ,turnips are q h>dy1 & ! roots ne$ n be ga!r$ until aft] sev]al fro/s4 ,turnips may be /or$ 9 a cell> or buri$ 9 a pit outside4 ,be=e /or+1 ! tops %\ld be remov$4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee1 #bie2 ,u4 ,id4 ,e4 ,s4 #aj2 ,mi*4 ,e4 ,s4 #bj47 ,,vegetable ,,m>r[4 ,! s-call$ vegetable m>r[s are a valuable product & closely alli$ to ! pumpk91 bo? z to species & habit ( gr[?1 ! pr9cipal diff]5ce be+ t ! vegetable m>r[s are us$ :ile q "y & t5d]1 & may be bak$ & s]v$ v mu* ! same z sweet potatoes4 ,! vegetable m>r[s %\ld receive ?or\gh cultivation 9 ord] t a t5d] product may be secur$1 & %\ld be ga!r$ :ile ! outside sk9 is /ill s t5d] t x may easily be brok5 by ! f+] nail4 ,! fle% is ei!r boil$ & ma%$ or bak$ 9 ! ov5 & s]v$ ) butt] :ile hot4--7,f4 ,b4 #bee2 ,oreg4 ,e4 ,s4 ,b4 #gd47 ,quantity ( ,se$s or ,numb] ( ,plants ,requir$ = a ,r[ #ajj ,feet 9 ,l5g?1 ) ,di/ances to ,plant1 ,times = ,plant+1 & ,p]iod ,requir$ = ,production ( ,crop4 ,brackets indicate t a late or second crop may be plant$ ! same season4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,di/ance = plants to /&---- ,"t ( plant+ 9 op5 gr\nd4 ,se$s or ---------------------------------------- - ,dep? ---------------------------------------- ------ ,ready = use plants ,r[s ap>t4 ( aft] plant+4 ,k9d ( vegetable4 requir$ -------------------------- ,plants plant+4 ,s\? ,nor? = #ajj feet ,horse ,h& ap>t ( r[4 cultivation4 cultivation4 9 r[s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,arti*oke1 ,globe #a_/b ounce #c to #d ft4 #b to #c ft4 #b to #c ft4 #a to #b 94 ,spr+ ,e>ly spr+ #ae mon?s4 ,arti*oke1 ,j]usalem #b qts4 tub]s #c to #d ft4 #a to #b ft4 #a to #b ft4 #b to #c 94 ,spr+ ,e>ly spr+ #f to #h mon?s4 ,asp>agus1 se$ #a ounce #cj to #cf 94 #a to #b ft4 #c to #e 94 #a to #b 94 ,autumn or e>ly spr+ ,e>ly spr+ #c to #d ye>s4 ,asp>agus1 plants #fj to #hj plants #c to #e ft4 #ab to #bd 94 #ae to #bj 94 #c to #e 94 ,autumn or e>ly spr+ ,e>ly spr+ #a to #c ye>s4 ,beans1 bu% #a p9t #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #e or #h to ft4 #a_/b to #b 94 ,febru>y to ,april4 ,augu/ to ,septemb]4 ,april to ,july #dj to #fe days4 ,beans1 pole #a_/b p9t #c to #d ft4 #c to #d ft4 #c to #d ft4 #a to #b 94 ,late spr+ ,may & ,june #ej to #hj days4 ,beets #b ounces #bd to #cf 94 #ab to #ah 94 #e or #f to ft4 #a to #b 94 ,febru>y to ,april4 ,augu/ to ,septemb]4 ,april to ,augu/ #fj to #hj days4 ,brussels spr\ts #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #bd to #cj 94 #af to #bd 94 #a_/b 94 ,janu>y to ,july ,may & ,june #ij to #abj days4 ,cabbage1 e>ly #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #bd to #cj 94 #ab to #ah 94 #a_/b 94 ,octob] to ,decemb] ,m>* & ,april4 7,/>t 9 hotb$ dur+ ,febru>y7 #ij to #acj days4 ,cabbage1 late #a_/d ounce #cj to #dj 94 #bd to #cf 94 #af to #bd 94 #a_/b 94 ,june & ,july ,may & ,june #ij to #abj days4 ,c>doon #a_/b ounce #c ft4 #b ft4 #ab to #ah 94 #a to #b 94 ,e>ly spr+ ,april & ,may #e to #f mon?s4 ,c>rot #a ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #f or #g to ft4 #a_/b 94 ,m>* & ,april4 ,septemb] ,april to ,june #ge to #aaj days4 ,caulifl[] #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #bd to #cj 94 #ad to #ah 94 #a_/b 94 ,janu>y & ,febru>y4 ,april to ,june4 ,june 7,/>t 9 hotb$ dur+ ,febru>y or ,m>*7 #ajj to #acj days4 ,cel]iac #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #d or #e to ft4 #a_/b 94 ,late spr+ ,may & ,june4 7,/>t 9 cold frame dur+ ,april7 #ajj to #aej days4 ,cel]y #a_/d ounce #c to #f ft4 #ah to #cf 94 #d to #h 94 #a_/b 94 ,augu/ to ,octob] ,may & ,june4 7,/>t 9 hotb$ or cold frame dur+ ,m>* or ,april7 #abj to #aej days4 ,*]vil #a ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #c or #d to ft4 #a 94 ,autumn ,autumn #a ye>4 ,*icory #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #d or #e to ft4 #a_/b 94 ,m>* & ,april ,may & ,june #e to #f mon?s4 ,citron #a ounce #h to #aj ft4 #h to #aj ft4 #h to #aj ft4 #a to #b 94 ,m>* & ,april ,may & ,june #ajj to #acj days4 ,coll>ds #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #bd to #cj 94 #ad to #ah 94 #a_/b 94 ,may & ,june ,late spr+ #ajj to #abj days4 ,corn salad #b ounces #cj 94 #ab to #ah 94 #e or #f to ft4 #a_/b to #a 94 ,janu>y & ,febru>y4 ,septemb] & ,octob] ,m>* to ,septemb] #fj days4 ,corn1 sweet #a_/d p9t #cf to #db 94 #cj to #cf 94 #cj to #cf 94 #a to #b 94 ,febru>y to ,april ,may to ,july #fj to #ajj days4 ,cress1 upl& #a_/b ounce #cj 94 #ab to #ah 94 #d or #e to ft4 #a_/b to #a 94 ,janu>y & ,febru>y4 ,m>* to ,may 7,autumn7 ,septemb] #cj to #dj days4 ,cress1 wat] #a_/b ounce ,broadca/ ,on surface ,e>ly spr+ ,april to ,septemb] #fj to #gj days4 ,cucumb] #a_/b ounce #d to #f ft4 #d to #f ft4 #d to #f ft4 #a to #b 94 ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,septemb] ,april to ,july #fj to #hj days4 ,d&elion #a_/d ounce #cj 94 #ah to #bd 94 #h to #ab 94 #a_/b 94 ,e>ly spr+ or autumns ,e>ly spr+ #f to #ab mon?s4 ,eggplant #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #bd to #cj 94 #ah to #bd 94 #a_/b to #a 94 ,febru>y to ,april ,april & ,may4 7,/>t 9 hotb$ dur+ #ajj to #adj days4 ,m>*7 ,endive #a ounce #cj 94 #ah 94 #h to #ab 94 #a_/b to #a 94 ,febru>y to ,april ,april ,july #ij to #ahj days4 ,horse-radi% #gj roots #cj to #dj 94 #bd to #cj 94 #ad to #bj 94 #c to #d 94 ,e>ly spr+ ,e>ly spr+ #a to #b ye>s ,kale or borecole #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #ah to #bd 94 #a_/b 94 ,octob] to ,febru>y ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,m>* & ,april #ij to #abj days4 ,kohl-rabi #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #d to #h 94 #a_/b 94 ,septemb] to ,m>* ,m>* to ,may #fj to #hj days4 ,leek #a_/b ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ad to #bj 94 #d to #h 9 #a 94 ,may to ,septemb] ,m>* to ,may #fj to #hj days4 ,lettuce #a_/b ounce #cj 9 #ab to #ah 94 #d to #f 9 #a_/b 94 ,septemb] to ,m>* ,m>* to ,septemb] #abj to #ahj days4 ,melon1 muskmelon #a_/b ounce #f to #h ft4 #f to #h ft4 ,hills #f ft4 #a to #b 94 ,febru>y to ,april ,april to ,june 7,/>t e>ly plants 9 hotb$ dur+ ,m>*7 #abj to #aej days4 ,melon1 wat]melon #a ounce #h to #ab ft4 #h to #ab ft4 ,hills #aj ft4 #a to #b 94 ,m>* to ,may ,may & ,june #ajj to #abj days4 ,mu/>d #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ab to #ah 94 #d or #e to ft4 #a_/d 94 ,autumn or e>ly spr+ ,m>* to ,may4 #fj to #ij days4 ,septemb] ,new ,zeal& sp9a* #a ounce #cf 94 #bd to #cf 94 #ab to #ah 94 #a to #b 94 ,e>ly ,spr+ ,e>ly spr+ #fj to #ajj days4 ,okra1 or gumbo #b ounces #d to #e ft4 #c to #d ft4 #bd to #cj 94 #a to #b 94 ,febru>y to ,april ,may & ,june #hj to #adj days4 ,onion1 se$ #a ounce #bd to #cf 94 #ab to #ah 94 #d or #e to ft4 #a_/b to #a 94 ,octob] to ,m>* ,april & ,may #acj to #aej days4 ,onion1 sets #a qt4 ( sets4 #bd to #cf 94 #ab to #ah 94 #d or #e to ft4 #a to #b 94 ,e>ly spr+ ,autumn & ,febru>y to ,may #ij to #abj days4 ,p>sley #a_/d ounce #bd to #cf 94 #ab to #ah 94 #c to #f 94 #a_/h 94 ,septemb] to ,may ,septemb] & e>ly #ij to #abj days4 spr+ ,p>snip #a_/b ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #e or #f to ft4 #a_/b to #a 94 ,april & ,may #abe to #afj days4 ,peas #a to #b p9ts4 #c to #d ft4 #cj to #cf 94 #ae to ft4 #b to #c 94 ,septemb] to ,april ,m>* to ,june #dj to #hj days4 ,pepp] #a_/b ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #ae to #ah 94 #a_/b 94 ,e>ly spr+ ,may & ,june 7,/>t e>ly plants 9 hotb$ dur+ ,m>*7 #ajj to #adj days4 ,physalis #a_/b ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #ah to #bd 94 #a_/b 94 ,m>* to ,may ,may & ,june #acj to #afj days4 ,potato1 ,iri% #e lbs4 7or #i bu4 p] acre7 #cj to #cf 94 #bd to #cf 94 #ad to #ah 94 #d 94 ,janu>y to ,april ,m>* to ,june #hj to #adj days4 ,potato1 sweet #c lbs4 7or #ge slips7 #c to #e ft4 #c to #e ft4 #ad 94 #c 94 ,april & ,may ,may & ,june 7,/>t plants 9 hotb$ dur+ ,april7 #adj to #afj days4 ,pumpk9 #a_/b ounce #h to #ab ft4 #h to #ab ft4 ,hills #h to #ab #a to #b 94 ,april & ,may ,may to ,july #ajj to #adj days4 ft4 spr+ ,radi% #a ounce #bd to #cf 94 #ab to #ah 94 #h to #ab to ft #a_/b to #a 94 ,septemb] to ,april ,m>* to ,septemb] #bj to #dj days4 ,rhub>b1 se$ #a_/b ounce #cf 94 #cj to #cf 94 #f to #h 94 #a_/b to #a 94 ,e>ly ,spr+ #b to #d ye>s4 ,rhub>b1 plants #cc plants #c to #e ft4 #c to #e ft4 #c ft4 #b to #c 94 ,autumn or e>ly #a to #c ye>s4 spr+ ,ruta-baga #a_/d ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #f to #h 94 #a_/b to #a 94 ,augu/ & ,septemb] ,may & ,june #fj to #hj days4 ,salsify #a ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ah to #bd 94 #b to #d 94 #a_/b to #a 94 ,e>ly spr+ #abj to #ahj days4 ,sp9a* #a ounce #cj to #cf 94 #ab to #ah 94 #g or #h to ft4 #a to #b 94 ,septemb] to ,febru>y ,septemb] or v e>ly spr+ #cj to #fj days4 ,squa%1 bu% #a_/b ounce #c to #d ft4 #c to #d ft4 ,hills #c to #d #a to #b 94 ,spr+ ,april to ,june #fj to #hj days4 ft4 ,squa%1 late #a_/b ounce #g to #aj ft4 #g to #aj ft4 ,hills #g to #i #a to #b 94 ,spr+ ,april to ,june #abj to #ahj days4 ft4 ,tomato #a_/b ounce #c to #e ft4 #c to #d ft4 #c ft4 #a_/b to #a 94 ,decemb] to ,m>* ,may & ,june 7,/>t e>ly plants 9 hotb$ dur+ #ajj to #adj days4 ,febru>y & ,m>*7 ,turnip #a_/b ounce #bd to #cf 9 #ah to #bd 9 #f or #g to ft #a_/d to #a_/b;9 ,augu/ to ,octob] ,april4 ,july #fj to #hj days4 ,vegetable m>r[ #a_/b ounce #h to #ab ft4 #h to #ab ft4 ,hills #h to #a to #b 94 ,spr+ ,april to ,june #aaj to #adj days4 #i ft4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,av]age ,composition ( ,succul5t ,roots4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,edible portion ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,c>bohydrates -------------- ,k9d ( ,vegetable ,refuse ,sug>1 ,crude ,fuel ,wat] ,prote9 ,fat />*1fib] ,a% value etc4 p] p\nd ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,p] ct4,p] ct4,p] ct4,p] ct4,p] ct4,p] ct4,p] ct,calories ,beets1 fre% #g4j #hg4e #a4f #j4a #h4h #j4i #a4a #bae ,beets1 cook$ 4444 #hh4f #b4c 4#a #g4d 4444 #a4f #ahe ,cel]iac #bj4j #hd4a #a4e 4#d #aa4h #a4d 4#h #bhe ,c>rots1 fre% #bj4j #hh4b #a4a 4#d #h4b #a4a #a4j #baj ,c>rots1 desiccat$ 4444 #c4e #g4g 4#f #hj4c 4444 #d4i #a1gij ,p>snips #bj4j #hc4j #a4f 4#e #aa4j #b4e #a4d #cjj ,salsify ,oy/] plant #be4j #he4d #d4c 4#c #f4h #b4j #a4b #bej ,black salsify #bj4j #hj4d #a4j 4#e #ag4a #b4c #a4j #cij ,radi%es 4444 #ia4h #a4c 4#a #e4a 4#g 4#a #ace ,turnips1 :ite #aj4j #hi4f #a4c 4#b #f4h #a4c 4#h #afj ,turnips1 yell[ #aj4j #hh4i #a4c 4#b #g4c #a4b #a4a #ahe 7ruta-bagas7 ,kohl-rabi #bj4j #ia4a #b4j 4#a #d4b #a4c #a4c #ade ,onions #cj4j #hg4f #a4f 4#c #i4a 4#h 4#f #bbe ,g>lic 4444 #fd4g #f4h 4#a #bg4i 4#h #a4e #fej ,potatoes #bj4j #gh4c #b4b 4#a #ah4j 4#d #a4j #cge ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- 7,au?orities consult$ 9 ! ,*apt] on ,vegetable ,g>d54--,colo4 ,ag4 ,col4 ,e4 ,s42 ,u4 ,ill4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,u4 ,idaho ,a4 ,e42 ,purdue ,u4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,n4 ,h4 ,col4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,mi*4 ,/4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,mass4 ,ag4 ,col4 ,e4 ,s42 ,ohio ,ag4 ,e4 ,s42 ,s4 ,c4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,okla4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,texas ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,va4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,w4 ,va4 ,u4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,cornell ,u4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,r4 ,i4 ,col4 ( ,ag4 & ,me*4 ,arts ,e4 ,s42 ,n4 ,c4 ,col4 ( ,ag4 & ,me*4 ,arts2 ,n4 ,y4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,u4 ,t5n4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,pa4 ,/4 ,col4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,mi*4 ,/4 ,ag4 ,col4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,s4 ,dak4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,u4 ,wyo4 ,e4 ,s42 ,b4 ,p4 ,i42 ,kans4 ,/4 ,ag4 ,col4 ,e4 ,s42 ,n4 ,j4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,tuskegee ,normal ,indu/rial ,in/4 ,e4 ,s42 ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 ,s4 ,clemson ,ag4 ,col42 ,n4 ,mex4 ,col4 ( ,ag4 & ,me*4 ,arts ,e4 ,s42 ,fla4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,i[a ,ag4 ,col4 ,e4 ,s42 ,u4 ,m9n4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,u4 ,nevada ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,n4 ,dak4 ,e4 ,s42 ,oreg4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,del4 ,col4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,ark4 ,ag4 ,col4 ,e4 ,s42 ,u4 ,nebr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,ga4 ,e4 ,s42 ,md4 ,a4 ,e4 ,s42 ,miss4 ,ag4 ,e4 ,s4 ,! entire article on ,vegetable ,g>d5 0 tak5 bodily f ! be/ portions ( ! above bullet9s1 etc47 ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,life ,,press ,,g>d5 ,,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,= reasons ( cl>ity ! illu/ration labels & tables h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ! relative p>agraph4 ,! oe ligature has be5 exp&$4 ,! foll[+ *anges h be5 made3 ,page #e ,! ^w '9' 0 repeat$ & delet$4 ,page #bf hav+s is n[ hav+4 ,page #ed to is n[ too4 ,page #fd tumb] is n[ numb] ,page #fh maturty is n[ maturity4 ,page #gj conditons is n[ conditions4 ,page #ge fl%y is n[ fle%y4 ,page #gh bettles is n[ beetles4 ,page #hh ,! ^w 'z' 0 repeat$ & delet$4 ,page #aja cutlivat$ is n[ cultivat$4 ,page #aaf necessisity is n[ necessity4 ,page #ha t\ght5$ is n[ t\gh5$4