,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,e ef=t has be5 made to replicate ?is text z fai?fully z possible4 ,italic text has be5 m>k$ ) und]scores4 ,beauty & ! ,bea/ ,,cambridge ,,univ]sity ,,press ,c4 ,f4 ,,clay1 ,,manag] ,,london3 ,,fett] ,,lane1 ,e4,c4 #d ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york3 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,bombay ,,calcutta ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,,madras ,,toronto3 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,tokyo3 ,,m>uz5-,,kabu%iki-,,kai%a ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ ,beauty & ! ,bea/ ,,an ,,essay ,,9 ,,evolution>y ,,ae/hetic ,,by ,,/ew>t ,a4 ,mc,d,o,w,a,l,l1 ,b4,d4 ,*apla9 & ,assi/ant ,ma/] at ,w9*e/] ,college ,au?or ( ,evolution & ! ,ne$ ( ,atonem5t1 ,evolution & ,spiritual ,life1 ,evolution & ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 etc4 ,,cambridge ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press #aibj ,= v]ily all m5 by nature 7 b va9 :o _h no p]ception ( ,god1 & f ! good ?+s t are se5 !y ga9$ n p[] to "k him t is1 nei!r by giv+ he$ to ! works did !y recognise ! artific]2 b ei!r fire1 or w9d1 or swift air1 or circl+ />s1 or rag+ wat]1 or lum9>ies ( heav51 !y ?\ght to be gods t rule ! _w4 ,& if x 0 ?r\gh delight 9 _! beauty t !y took !m to be gods1 let !m "k h[ mu* bett] ?an ^! is _! ,sov]eign ,"l2 = ! fir/ au?or ( beauty creat$ !m3 b if x 0 ?r\gh a/oni%m5t at _! p[] & influ5ce1 let !m und]/& f !m h[ mu* m p[]ful is he t =m$ !m2 = f ! greatness ( ! beauty ev5 ( creat$ ?+s 9 l proportion does man =m ! image ( _! fir/ mak]4 ,b yet = ^! m5 !re is b small blame1 = !y too p]adv5ture d b g a/ray :ile !y are seek+ ,god & desir+ to f9d him4 ,= liv+ among 8 works !y make dilig5t se>*1 & !y yield !mselves up to sight1 because ! ?+s t !y look ^u are beautiful4 ,b aga9 ev5 !y are n to be excus$4 ,= if !y _h p[] to "k s mu*1 t !y %\ld be able to explore ! c\rse ( ?+s1 h[ is x t !y did n soon] f9d ! ,sov]eign ,"l ( ^! 8 works8 ,wisdom xiii4 #a-i4 ,,preface ,i wi% to take ?is opportunity ( express+ my gratitude to ,mrs ,r4 ,b4 ,goodd5 & ,mr ,r4 ,m4 ,y4 ,glead[e = ! help !y h giv5 me 9 writ+ ?is book4 ,) ,mrs ,goodd5 ! !ory 0 discuss$ po9t by po9t1 & h] criticisms & sugge/ions are l>gely responsible = ! f9al %ap+ ( ! argum5t1 z well z = an important developm5t ( ! !ory4 ,to ,mr ,glead[e ,i am indebt$ = "s useful h9ts1 :i* l$ to a p>tial re>rangem5t ( ! mat]ial1 by :i* ! =m ( ! book has be5 greatly improv$4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,mcd4 ,,w9ton1 ,octob] #aiai4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,!ory #ag ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,beauty ,,9 ,,evolution #ea ,,conclusion #fe ,,app5dix4 ,,art ,,=ms ,,9 ,,developm5t #ga ,,introduction ,are we to look at ! ,beautiful ) our feet firmly plant$ on ! ,natural1 or are we to look at ! ,natural f ! app>5tly prec>i\s height ( ! ,beautiful8 ,?is1 aft] all1 is ! dilemma ( ae/hetic1 sl[ ?\gh m5 h be5 to realise x4 ,z we read ! hi/ory ( ,ae/hetic ,!ory we are puzzl$ by ! t5tativ5ess & ! unc]ta9ty ev5 ( ^? philosoph]s :o play$ ! greate/ "p 9 m\ld+ human ?\ght1 until x dawns on u t1 ideali/ ?\gh !y might be 9 all else1 9 ?is !y 7 unconsci\sly disloyal to _! own sy/ems1 be+ 9 "s measure mat]iali/4 ,an attempt to =m a philosophy ( religion :i* %\ld />t f ! g5]ally accept$ facts ( biological sci5ce & pass1 ?r\gh ! common exp]i5ces ( p]sonal relation%ip1 to ! ultimate problems ( ,godhead & manhood1 left at ! close a ke5 s5se ( some?+ lack+--some?+ m ?an ! lack ( unity & balance inevitable 9 "w writt5 & publi%$ /ep by /ep4 ,i _h tri$ to f9d 9 ,love1 :i* is ! v nature ( ,godhead1 an ess5tial impulse t[>ds creation4 ,x 0 cle> t ?is creation mu/ be ! creation ( some?+ new1 if x 7 to be ju/ifi$2 & ! conclusion :i* =c$ itself ^u me 0 t ! creation ( p]sonal be+s fulfill$ ?is dem&4 ,yet an unsatisfi$ s5se rema9$ ei!r t ev5 ! exp]i5ce ( love reciprocat$ by fre% p]sonal be+s c\ld n be new = ,god ) t utt] newness :i* belief 9 ,him z ,transc5d5t & ,p]fect requir$1 or else t ,8 exp]i5ce 0 n always p]fect4 ,at any rate some?+ t w\ld make ?is newness self-evid5t 0 miss+4 ,some?+ vital _h cle>ly be5 left out4 ,! "o ?+ ( :i* no acc\nt _h be5 tak5 0 ,beauty2 & ,i began to consid] :e!r ?is miss+ some?+1 all-p]vad+ yet intangible1 0 n ,beauty itself4 ,& 9 ,beauty ,i seem$ to f9d :at ,i _h miss$4 ,to ,ae/hetic has g5]ally be5 assign$ ! fate ( ,c9d]ella4 ,h] ugli] si/]s1 ,epi/emology & ,metaphysic1 h monopolis$ ! c\rt invitations1 = ! mo/ "p4 ,might %e n1 aft] all1 be de/9$ to m>ry ! ,pr9ce8 ,a little ?\ght made x cle> t1 prop]ly array$1 %e w\ld bid fair to out%9e ! o!rs4 ,?is book is n an ef=t to dress h] 9 a new fa%ion4 ,fairy godmo!r ,i _c claim to be1 nor h ,i a magic w&4 ,i %all only try to /rip (f "s ( ! rags1 leav+ h]1 l ,psy*e1 to proclaim h] own lovel9ess4 ,x is n my int5tion to give a sy/ematic acc\nt ( ! developm5t ( ae/hetic !ory4 ,su* books z ,dr ,bosanquet's ,hi/ory ( ,ae/hetic1 & ! hi/orical portion ( ,croce's ,ae/hetic1 f :i* works ! foll[+ summ>y is *iefly d]iv$1 =tunately make ! task unnecess>y4 ,nor does any detail$ criticism ( ! "w ( o!rs fall )9 ! scope ( ! pres5t essay4 ,my aim is m]ely to sugge/ an idea1 avoid+ te*nicalities z f> z ,i may1 & !n to l9k x up ) ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god on ! "o h&1 & ) ! developm5t ( ! human s\l on ! o!r4 ,! v briefe/ note on ! c\rse ( speculation conc]n+ ,art & ,beauty w suffice to introduce ! po9t ( view t ,i wi% to sugge/1 :i* is t ,beauty mu/ be a fir/ & n a la/ consid]ation = metaphysic4 ,to advocate ?is is to turn 8 own weapon aga9/ ,croce2 b t is inevitable4 ,croce claims t ,beauty is ! expression ( t intuition ( ,reality :i* con/itutes ! fir/ /age ( k2 b ! philosophy ( ,croce is anti-metaphysical4 ,s9ce _m1 :ile agree+ ) ! great & orig9al discov]y involv$ 9 8 affirmation1 mu/ disagree pr(\ndly ) 8 negation1 x foll[s ( necessity t soon] or lat] !y w endeav\r to hoi/ him ) 8 own pet>d4 ,ae/hetic !ories %[ a /eady & yet v rem>kable *ange 9 ! views ( philosoph]s conc]n+ ,art & ev5 ,beauty itself4 ,! ,greeks t5d$1 on ! :ole1 to reg>d ,art z m]e imitation4 ,?us1 at be/1 ! beauty produc$ by arti/ic creation 0 inf]ior1 because second-h&2 9 fact1 z ,plato argu$1 ! arti/'s repres5tation 0 really ?ird-h&1 = !re is fir/ ! idea1 !n ! concrete individual object1 !n ! repres5tation4 ,/ress 0 laid on h>mony1 rhy?m1 ord]1 z be+ indicative ( ! homog5eity ( an ideal _w & !re=e admirable4 ,b1 be+ an incomplete reproduction ( nature#a1 art c\ld h no prim>y importance4 ,x might be evil or good1 9 its own degree2 & f ! moral /&po9t x might be judg$1 = ! beautiful & ! good are n completely di/+ui%$4 ,be+ s judg$1 x 0 f\nd want+4 ,x is "o ( ! trag$ies ( ?\ght t ! beauty-lov+ ,plato %\ld h be5 driv5 to =mulate a !ory :i* is ! negation ( art1 because x seem$ to him t art 0 simply ! false endeav\r+ to masqu]ade z ! true4 ,9 ,ari/otle we f9d ! beg9n+s ( a fre] idea4 ,symbolism 9 art is implicitly recognis$1 & !re is "s escape1 ?\gh n mu*1 f ! morali/ic bond2 "s dawn+ conception1 ?\gh n mu*1 ( ! concrete expressiv5ess ( arti/ic creation4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! my/ical symbolic conception1 *>act]i/ic ( ,plot9us1 0 develop$4 ,symmetry & rhy?m are beautiful because !y symbolise reason & div9ity1 & relate ! human s\l1 ?r\gh ! p]ception ( ord]1 to ! div9e :i* creat$ t ord]4 ,/ ,?omas ,aqu9as ev5 goes s f> z to say t 9 beauty desire is quiet$#b--presumably because satisfi$4 ,we %all be l$ to disagree pr(\ndly ) ?is /atem5t4 ,( ,vico 7#agbe71 to :om ,croce ackn[l$ges s great a debt1 we w only "h say t he 0 ! discov]] ( ! creative intuition1 & ?is discov]y entitles him to ! hon\rable position ( fir/ f\nd] ( a coh]5t !ory ( ae/hetic4 ,vico 0 prim>ily conc]n$ ) ! nature ( poetry4 ,he %[$ t poetry 0 a #8mom5t' ( ! spiritual consci\sness1 by :i* a man 0 br\ght into contact ) reality--t x repres5t$ a /age ( k be=e reflection 7& 0 !re=e an intuition7 & t x express$ ?is k 7& 0 !re=e creative72 :ile x 0 di/9ct f feel+1 & !re=e free f ! /igma :i* ,plato atta*$ to x1 & :i* l$ to 8 bani%+ x f 8 ,republic4 ,m5 fir/ feel )\t be+ aw>e2 !y !n become aw>e ) tr\bl$ & affect$ s\l2 f9ally !y reflect ) pure m9d4 ,?is dignity is ! ,pr9ciple ( ! poetical feel+s1 :i* are =m$ by ! s5ses ( passions & ( affections1 z di/9ct f ! philosophical feel+s1 :i* are =m$ f reflection by reason+4 ,h5ce ! philosophical feel+s approa* m to tru?1 ! m !y rise to univ]sals2 ! poetical feel+s are m c]ta9 ! m !y approa* to p>ticul>s#c4 ,poetry is ?us plac$ on ! imag9ative plane1 says ,pr(essor ,wildon ,c>r1 z di/9ct f ! intellective1 & ?is imag9ative plane1 or z ,croce calls x1 degree1 is furni%$ ) positive value4 ,by ,kant we fir/ f9d ! problem ( ae/hetic fac$ boldly & at close qu>t]s4 ,kant's ?\ght _h l$ him to ! =mulation ( two ,critiques1 ! "o deal+ ) ! _w ( ab/ract reason1 ! o!r ) ! _w ( concrete1 practical exp]i5ce2 & no sy/ematic bond yet exi/$ betwe5 !m4 ,! unity ( life itself made su* a dualism intol]able1 & ,kant s\ght ! unify+ m$ium 9 ae/hetic judgm5t1 = judgm5t is pre-em95tly a syn!sis4 ,! doma9 ( ae/hetic consci\sness1 if purely subjective by ,kant's int]pretation1 is yet cle>ly det]m9$4 ,x furni%es decisions on ! quality1 ! quantity & ! relation ( ^? objects ) :i* practical exp]i5ce makes u acqua9t$1 & ) ^: exi/5ce ! intellect is occupi$4 ,yet beauty is = ,kant subjective1 devoid ( ab/ract conceptions1 pleas+ )\t int]e/1 de/itute ( cont5t2 ?\gh he fails 9 a*iev+ m ?an a v]bal consi/5cy 9 ?is matt]#d4 ,subjective or n1 h[ev]1 x is symbolic ( ! moral ord]1 & owes its app>5t rationality to ! ,ord] :i* x symbolises4 ,no d\bt x is ?r\gh ! doctr9e ( symbolism t ,kant is l$ on to 8 discussion ( ! sublime z ano!r species ( ! ae/hetic judgm5t1 yet m subjective1 yet m ab/ract4 ,) ,s*ell+ we rea* ! /age ( philosophical appreciation ( ! objectivity ( beauty2 &1 ) ?is objectivity1 ( ! relation ( beauty to hi/orical cont9uity1 bo? 9 its own expression 9 ! m9d ( man1 & 9 ! sequ5ce ( objective episodes4 ,! arti/ recognises ! et]nal idea 9 an individual1 & expresses x outw>dly1 trans=m+ ! individual into a _w ap>t1 into a species1 into an et]nal idea#e4 ,! div9e1 successively express+ itself ?r\gh man1 gives a unity & absolut5ess to all reality2 & reality is ! object ( ! ae/hetic judgm5t4 ,we h n /ay$ to discuss1 or ev5 /ate1 ! _m def9itions ( ! ,beautiful t h be5 giv54 ,nei!r h we attempt$ to repres5t ! contribution ( c\ntless writ]s to ! problem4 ,our only object 9 ?is brief page ( summ>y has be5 to indicate ! *ang+ tr5d ( ?\ght4 ,! ,greeks re>$ _! philosophic sy/em on an un/able f\ndation1 because !y look$ on ,beauty z m]e imitation4 ,= !m ,art mimics life z crudely z a company ( /roll+ play]s at a c\ntry fair mimics ! do+s ( ! great4 ,art is dramatic r ?an true4 ,b ) less rigor\s & hone/ m9ds ?an ,plato's ! in/9ctive love ( beauty weigh$ m /rongly4 ,beauty 01 at highe/1 too ennobl+ to be :olly false2 x mu/ at lea/ symbolise ! true4 ,& :5 a m discipl9$ ?\ght 0 once m turn$ ^u ,reality1 )\t beauty ! _w seem$ dual--h>d & cold1 ) !ory & practice divorc$4 ,! only bond appe>$ to lie 9 ! region ( ! judgm5t ( values1 itself ess5tially ae/hetic4 ,m5 born out ( due "t !re 7 :o %[$ "h & !re fla%es ( deep] insight be=e ,kant's sy/ematisation 0 effect$1 b to !m came only sporadic glimpses ( ! tru?4 ,^! = ! mo/ "p 7 m5 deeply v]s$ 9 ! life & s\l ( man--! ,dantes1 ! ,%akespe>es1 ! ,goe!s4 ,only "o 0 pre-em95t 9 ! realm ( pure ?\ght--,giambatti/a ,vico4 ,) o!r ?9k]s ! tide rose & fell alt]nately1 yet always mov$ f ! neap ( ,platonism t[>ds ! spr+4 ,!n1 at ! end1 9 our own "t1 ,b5$etto ,croce set himself to =mulate ! fir/ adequate !ory ( ! ,ae/hetic4 ,! importance ( ,beauty to any sy/em ( philosophy t c\ld pret5d to complet5ess _h be5 m & m recognis$4 ,x 0 left = ,croce to grasp ! tru? t ,beauty is n judgm5t1 b expression3 ! expression ( ! intuition :i* is our fir/ contact ) ,reality2 & t ,ae/hetic is ! sci5ce ( expressive activity4 ,giv5 ?is fir/ movem5t ( ! _s1 ! o!r modes ( approa* to ,reality foll[--or r are involv$1 s9ce no temporal s]ies is conc]n$4 ,croce's philosophy z a :ole1 & especially 8 ext5sion ( ! logical a priori syn!sis on :i* x is f\nd$1 is difficult to grasp2 & = ! sake ( ^? :o may n h made acqua9tance ) 8 own exposition or ) ,pr(essor ,wildon ,c>r's summ>y1 a brief discussion ( "o or two sali5t po9ts may be =giv54 ,x is only fair to /ate1 h[ev]1 t x is n possible to give a really %ort & cle> rsum t w d ju/ice to ! mo/ int]e/+ & elusive ( mod]n philosophies4 ,we may beg9 by expla9+ :at ,croce means by an intuition1 :at he means by ! a priori syn!sis1 & :at "p ! relation ( ! d\ble degree plays 9 8 sy/em4 ,:5 y p]ceive an object1 already y are us+ two m5tal processes1 :i* _c 9 fact be sep>at$1 or exi/ ! "o )\t ! o!r4 ,9 ! fir/ place !re is simple aw>5ess ( a reality4 ,y objectify an impression )\t argu+ z to its reality at all1 or relat+ x to y\rself or any?+ else4 ,y m]ely *>act]ise ! ?+1 & are aw>e ( x z concrete & individual4 ,?is is ! ,pure ,intuition4 ,x has no admixture ( intellectual process4 ,& its sali5t *>act]i/ic is t x is made or express$ by ! m9d1 & is inde$ id5tical ) ?is expression4 ,y _c sep>ate ! intuition f its expression4 ,moreov] x is ae/hetic 9 nature4 ,its "* is id5tical ) ! "* ( ! m9d-process :i* makes ! vision ( ! arti/ & ! poet4 ,b ?is intuition is at once g5]alis$1 & relat$4 ,! process ( g5]alisation is ! =mation ( ! ,concept1 & is *>act]i/ic ( ! logical or intellectual activity4 ,moreov] ! ,pure ,concept is univ]sal1 & expressive1 belong+ to all individuals2 concrete1 & !re=e real4 ,pseudo-concepts1 :i* fail ei!r 9 univ]sality1 expressiv5ess or concret5ess1 d exi/ & are ( great value1 b ?is value belongs n to ! !oretical1 b to ! practical1 activity4 #8,evolution' is a pure concept1 #8*air' a pseudo-concept4 ,= our purpose x is n necess>y to elaborate ?is po9t4 ,:at does int]e/ u is ! relation betwe5 ! two !oretical activities ( ! _s--,intuition & ,concept4 ,!y are #8mom5ts 9 ! unity ( a s+le process4' ,nei!r takes a prior place4 8,we _c ?9k )\t univ]salis+1 & we _c h an intuition )\t ?9k+#f40 ,9 o!r words1 !y are relat$ 9 a syn!sis t is a priori4 ,?is means t ! intellectual activity :i* relates & g5]alises ! intuitions or pres5tations does n dep5d ^u !m1 b is z mu* a condition ( exp]i5ce z are ! pres5tations !mselves4 ,ea* ( ! two ?+s1 ! intuition & ! concept1 is ess5tial to k2 ! concept is empty ( cont5t )\t ! intuition1 b y _c h an intuition )\t ?9k+ x4 ,! two =m an indivisible1 organic unity2 nei!r able to exi/ )\t ! o!r4 ,y _c ?9k )\t univ]salis+1 nor intuit )\t ?9k+4 ,?is is ! logical a priori syn!sis discov]$ by ,kant4 ,b ,croce proce$s to use x 9 a wid] s5se1 z we %all see4 ,^! two elem5ts !n1 ! intuitional & ! conceptual1 toge!r con/itute ! :ole !oretic activity ( kn[+4 ,n[ ! fir/ ( ^! elem5ts1 ! intuition1 is expression ( a reality to ! self4 ,x is ess5tially ae/hetic1 = ae/hetic is ! sci5ce ( expressive activity4 ,9 =m+ an intuition1 & express+ x1 we compass ,beauty1 = ,beauty is expression4 ,b !re is ano!r side to ! activity ( ! _s4 ,?9k+ & do+1 will+ & act+1 g h& 9 h&4 ,! ,practical ,activity beg9s z ,economic1 direct$ t[>ds p>ticul> ends4 ,!re is individual action2 b !re is also action univ]salis$3 direct$ to g5]al ends3 & ?is action is ,e?ical4 ,utility passes ov] into goodness3 !re is no good action :i* is n 9 "s way useful1 !re is no useful action :i* is n 9 "s way good4 ,"h aga91 !n1 we h two insep>able activities1 relat$1 z are ! !oretic activities1 z a fir/ & second degree1 yet ea* involv+ ! o!r4 ,! relation is id5tical ) t ( ! a priori syn!sis1 & ! t]m may be ext5d$ to cov] ?is relation also4 ,f9ally1 ! two sides ( ! activity ( ! _s1 ! !oretic & ! practical1 are !mselves relat$ 9 ?is same d\ble degree by a relation ( syn!sis t we may aga9 t]m a priori4 ,! !oretic activity _c exi/ ap>t f ! practical1 nor ! practical ap>t f ! !oretic4 ,! relation is aga9 ! same z t :i* obta9s = ! relation ( ! elem5ts con/itut+ ea* pair ( ! f\r #8mom5ts1' & = ! pairs !mselves4 ,! a priori syn!sis is ext5d$ to cov] all ^! relations4 ,) ,croce's !ory ( ,beauty we h already made acqua9tance4 ,z we h se51 ,kant laid ! f\ndations by 8 discussion ( ! judgm5t ( ta/e2 ,vico1 by di/+ui%+ ! imag9ative f ! intellectual plane1 _h suppli$ ! basal idea2 b x 0 left to ,croce to see t ,beauty is expression1 or ! =m giv5 by ! _s to its intuitions1 ?r\gh :i* x makes contact ) ,reality4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be borne 9 m9d t ,croce draws an absolutely def9ite l9e betwe5 ! expression1 :i* belongs to ! ,!oretic ,activity1 & ! te*nical embodim5t ( t expression1 :i* belongs to ! doma9 ( ! ,practical4 ,! "w ( art af=ds simply ! /imulus :i* enables u to recreate ! arti/'s expression2 & x is ! expression1 n ! "w ( art1 t is beautiful4 ,! ,beautiful is a di/9ct concept2 ! ,ugly is ugly 9 s f> z x fails 9 di/9ctness1 ?r\gh failure to express4 ,beauty is simply ae/hetic value--! value ( ! express$ intuition2 ugl9ess ! lack ( ae/hetic value1 ?r\gh lack ( cl>ity 9 intuition & expression4 ,x is ne$less = u to foll[ out ! re/ ( ,croce's sy/em4 ,! *ief po9t t rema9s is 8 id5tification ( ,philosophy ) ,hi/ory--! ?\ght ab\t ! pres5tation ( ,reality 7,philosophy7 ) t pres5tation itself z an unfold+ ( imman5t life 7,hi/ory74 ,?is id5tification really foll[s f ! relation ( ! d\ble degree betwe5 ! !oretic & ! practical4 ,9 ?9k+ pa/ hi/ory y br+ x into ! pres5t z a practical issue2 & y introduce ! logical elem5t 9 ?9k+ x1 b y c\ld n d s if !re 7 n an intuitive elem5t 9 x intr9sically4 ,philosophy is hi/orically condition$2 )\t philosophy !re c\ld be no hi/ory4 ,) ?is l9e ( argum5t1 ^: aff9ities ) ! philosophy ( ,b]gson are obvi\s1 ,croce r\nds (f 8 sy/em1 complet+ 8 demon/ration t ! only ,reality is liv+ ,_s1 imman5t & unfold+4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,croce1 ! expressive nature ( ! ,intuition1 z x objectifies itself1 & s diff]5tiates itself f m]e s5sation1 is appreciat$ by ! m9d1 & s]ves z ! fir/ /ep 9 ! =mation ( ! ,concept or judgm5t ( def9ition4 ,= ! ,concept is expressive1 univ]sal1 & concrete4 ,?r\gh ! ,concept we arrive at k ( ,reality2 & ?is ,concept reacts ^u ! ,intuition1 giv+ rise to ! individual judgm5t4 ,croce %[s1 by demon/rat+ t analysis ap>t f syn!sis1 & equally syn!sis ap>t f analysis1 9 any act ( ?\ght1 is inconceivable1 t "o mu/1 by an ext5sion ( ! logical a priori syn!sis1 id5tify ! judgm5t ( def9ition & ! individual judgm5t4 ,y _c1 l ! ideali/s1 sep>ate ! concept f ! facts1 nor1 l ! empirici/s1 ! facts f ! concept4 ,b nei!r 9 ! realm ( ae/hetic int]e/ c y sep>ate ! fact f its expressive intuition1 or vice v]sa4 ,! :ole ( ,croce's sy/em is1 z he says1 a philosophy ( ! _s1 :i* is itself all ,reality4 ,! activity ( ! _s is tw(old4 ,9 its !oretic activity !re are two /ages1 ,ae/hetic & ,logic1 ea* involv+ ! o!r1 yet ! fir/ 9 a s5se indep5d5t because prim>y1 ! second dep5d5t on ! fir/4 ,9 its practical activity !re are also two degrees1 ! ,economic & ! ,e?ic1 relat$ to ea* o!r 9 ! same way4 ,yet ( ^! two activities1 !oretic & practical1 ea* involves ! o!r1 & 9 an a priori syn!sis ea* sub/antiates ! o!r4 ,x is n our purpose to exam9e ! philosophy ( ,croce z a :ole4 ,"s po9ts ( disagreem5t ) him w become manife/ z we proce$ to develop our discussion ( ! nature ( beauty4 ,notably1 we %all disagree ) 8 rejection ( a metaphysic & 8 d5ial ( a ,god2 s9ce _! inclusion is n really s inimical to 8 sy/em z he supposes1 _! rejection by him w\ld seem to be 9 a measure an accid5t ( 8 circum/ances1 :ile _! omission leaves ! :y8 ( spiritual & p]sonal be+ unansw]$4 ,= ! mom5t all we ne$ is 8 discov]y t ,beauty is ,expression1 ,ae/hetic ! ,sci5ce ( ,expression2 t to appreciate a "w ( art is to create x y\rself by ent]+ into ! m9d1 & foll[+ ! same pa?1 z ! orig9al creator ( x2 &1 fir/ & mo/ important ( all1 t our k ( ! ,real owes its possibility & its fir/ beg9n+s to ! movem5t ( ae/hetic intuition4 ,x is a f> cry f ,plato to ,croce4 ,if ! f9e arts be utt]ly di/9ct1 hav+ no?+ 9 common save a backgr\nd ( emotion1 ?is ,essay is a mean+less attempt to express some?+ :i* does n exi/4 ,x /&s condemn$2 & ?is condemnation x %>es ) _m nobl] works4 ,b if1 z ,croce urges1 ea* art aims at pres5t+1 ?r\gh ! practise ( its own conv5tions1 aspects ( ,tru? :i* are suitable to t special m$ium1 no ef=t to f9d a highe/ common factor ( all arts is necess>ily doom$ to failure4 ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,!ory ,:at is ,beauty8 ,_m h ask$ x1 & c\ld f9d no answ] because !y und]/ood _! "q no m ?an je/+ ,pilate und]/ood 8 #8,:at is ,tru?8' ,b _m beside h ask$ x ) at lea/ a real desire to und]/&4 ,x 0 already 9 ! m9d ( ! prehi/oric arti/ :o 0 ! fir/ to draw a patt]n or to sket* ! mammo?1 ?\gh no d\bt he did n put ! "q to himself4 ,x has be5 !re1 express$ or unexpress$1 :]ev] a man has _h vision en\gh to f9d 8 _s /irr$ by a fl[] or a ca!dral2 a fabric or ! l[ ,octob] sun ^u a %eet ( gossam]2 :]ev] a man has tri$ to reproduce nature on canvas or p\r out 8 long+ & triumph 9 s\nd or writt5 words4 ,he has cri$ out t beauty dwells only 9 8 own _s1 = !re h be5 moods & days :5 he c\ld see no beauty 9 t :i* at o!r times mov$ him deeply4 ,yet ! agreem5t ( civilis$ mank9d1 at all ev5ts1 t ?is or t p>ticul> is beautiful is s widely diffus$ t he _c b admit t some?+ 9 ! object itself mu/ sugge/ ! idea ( beauty4 ,ta/e may *ange1 b ! sunset & ! rose are univ]sally acclaim$ by all :o h any ae/hetic p]ception at all4 ,on ! o!r h&1 fac$ ) ! vag>ies ( arti/ic fa%ion a man f9ds no absolute beauty1 & is driv5 to a subjective !ory1 = he _c admire ! protrud+1 di/ort$ lip s p]suasive to c]ta9 savages4 ,b no soon] is ?is !ory con/ruct$ ?an he is br\ght up once m aga9/ ! difficulty t an object is requir$ be=e ! s5se ( beauty is ar\s$1 & t m5 d agree 9 attribut+ beauty to _m ?+s4 ,because ! p]ception ( beauty involves a judgm5t 7:i* really belongs to ! intellectual process1 & n prop]ly to ! ae/hetic71 beauty itself seems too elusive = def9ition4 ,x has be5 left1 z we h said1 = ,croce to =mulate ! fir/ satisfactory concept ( beauty4 ,he saw :at no "o else _h se5--t man's fir/ contact ) ! ,real1 ! fir/ movem5t ( ! _s t /ret*$ beyond a m]e s5sation1 0 a creative act1 an intuition n a judgm5t1 express+ ! reality to himself4 ,beauty1 says ,croce1 is expression4 ,aft]w>ds ! man might give 8 expression objective =m ?r\gh "s te*nique4 ,h5ce d]ive pictures1 sculpture1 music1 danc+1 poetry1 drama1 ar*itecture1 language itself2 all ! arts4 ,or ! expression ( 8 intuition may rema9 simply z a =mative ag5t ( 8 _s4 ,!re are _m mute +lori\s ,miltons4 ,b he has express$ 8 intuition to himself1 & x has =m$ a new mat]ial = 8 conceptual activity1 :e!r or no he br+s x f> into ! doma9 ( ! practical1 ?r\gh te*nique1 9 ord] t x may subs]ve "s economic or moral function = himself & o!r m54 ,t he mu/ br+ x into ! practical 9 "s measure1 :e!r he does or does n give x te*nical =m1 is cle> to anyone :o has grasp$ ,croce's ma9 ?\ght4 ,! ae/hetic intuition is = ! individual1 b he is driv5 to univ]salise x by ?\ght 7i4e4 logic74 ,x is ( practical value to himself 7economic motive7 & x is capable ( be+ made ( use to o!rs 7e?ical motive74 ,!oretic & practical _c be isolat$ f "o ano!r4 ,z ae/hetic is to logic1 s is economic to e?ic1 & s is !oretic to practical2 x is ! relation ( ! d\ble degree4 ,a priori syn!sis unites ea* ( ! !oretic & ( ! practical activities ) ! o!r1 & ! same a priori syn!sis unites ! !oretic & ! practical !mselves1 ( :i* nei!r exclusively prec$es ! o!r 9 ! circle ( ,real ,be+4 ,?is is ! life ( ! _s4 ,n[ 9 consid]+ ?is !ory ( ,croce's we notice at once t m9d or _s is = him a datum1 & t he assumes fur!r t _s is active & is def9able only by its activity4 ,he gives no reason = ?is activity4 ,! cause ( ?is is n f> to seek1 = 8 :ole sy/em is confess$ly anti-metaphysical1 & s1 ( necessity1 /ops %ort ( ultimate ?+s4 ,life1 _s1 is = him ! true my/]y1 & ?is is imman5t4 ,!re is no room = transc5d5ce4 ,all he c say is t no philosophical sy/em is def9ite because ,life itself is nev] def9ite#g4 ,tru? is always surr\nd$ ) my/]y1 an asc5d+ to ev] high] heights1 :i* are )\t a summit1 z ,life is )\t a summit#h4 ,! _s1 :i* is inf9ite possibility pass+ into inf9ite actuality1 has drawn & draws at e mom5t ! cosmos f *aos1 has collect$ diffus$ life into ! conc5trat$ life ( ! organ1 has a*iev$ ! passage f animal to human life1 has creat$ & creates modes ( life ev] m l(ty4 ,! "w ( ! _s is n f9i%$ & nev] w be f9i%$4 ,our ye>n+ = some?+ high] is n va94 ,! v ye>n+1 ! inf9ity ( our desire1 is pro( ( ! inf9ity ( t process4 ,! plant dreams ( ! animal1 ! animal ( man1 man ( sup]man2 = ?is1 too1 is a reality1 if x be reality t ) e hi/orical movem5t man surpasses himself4 ,! "t w come :5 ! great de$s & ! great works n[ our memory & our boa/ w be =gott51 z we h =gott5 ! works & ! de$s1 no less great1 ( ^? be+s ( supreme g5ius :o creat$ :at we call human life & seem to u n[ to h be5 savages ( ! l[e/ grade1 almo/ m5-monkeys4 ,!y w be =gott5 = ! docum5t ( progress is 9 =gett+2 t is1 9 ! fact be+ entirely absorb$ 9 ! new fact1 9 :i*1 & n 9 itself1 x has value4 ,b we _c "k :at ! future /ates ( ,reality w be1 9 _! det]m9$ physiognomy & succession1 ow+ to ! #8dignity' e/abli%$ 9 ! ,philosophy ( ! ,practical1 by :i* ! k ( ! action & ( ! de$ foll[s & does n prec$e ! action & ! de$4 ,my/]y is j ! inf9ity ( evolution2 7 ?is n s1 t concept w\ld n arise 9 ! m9d ( man1 nor w\ld x be possible to abuse x1 z x has be5 abus$ by be+ transport$ out ( its place1 t is to say1 into ! consci\sness ( itself1 :i* ! spiritual activity %\ld h & has to ! fulle/ degree1 t is1 ! consci\sness ( its et]nal categories4 ,! neglect ( ! mom5t ( my/]y is ! true reason ( ! error kn[n z ! ,philosophy ( ,hi/ory1 :i* und]takes to portray ! plan ( ,provid5ce & to det]m9e ! =mula ( progress4 ,9 ?is attempt 7:5 x does n affirm m]e philosophemes1 z has v (t5 happ5$71 x makes ! ef=t to enclose ! inf9ite 9 ! f9ite & caprici\sly to decree conclud$ t evolution :i* ! univ]sal _s itself _c conclude1 = x w\ld ?us come to d5y itself4 ,9 logic t error has be5 gnoseologically def9$ z ! pret5sion ( treat+ ! individual z ?\gh x 7 ! univ]sal1 mak+ ! univ]sal individual2 "h x is to be def9$ 9 o!r words z ! pret5sion ( treat+ ! f9ite z ?\gh x 7 ! inf9ite1 ( mak+ ! inf9ite f9ite4 ,b ! unju/ifi$ transportation ( ! concept ( my/]y f hi/ory1 :]e x indicates ! future t ! pa/ prep>es & does n "k1 into philosophy1 causes to be po9t$ z my/]ies :i* give rise to probabilities & conjectures1 problems t consi/ ( philosophical t]ms1 & %\ld !re=e be philosophically solv$4 ,b if ! inf9ite progress & ! inf9ite p]fectibility ( man is to be affirm$1 al?\gh we d n "k ! concrete =ms t progress & p]fectibility w assume 7n kn[+ !m1 because n[ x imports n to "k1 b to d !m71 !n !re is no mean+ 9 posit+ z a my/]y ! immortality ( ! individual s\l1 or ! exi/5ce ( ,god2 = ^! are n facts t may or may n happ5 soon] or lat]1 b concepts t mu/ be prov$ to be 9 !mselves ?9kable & n contradictory4 ,_! ?9kability w inde$ be a my/]y1 b ( ! k9d t x is a duty to make cle>1 because synonym\s ) obscurity or m5tal confusion4 ,:at has s f> be5 demon/rat$ has be5 _! un?9kability 9 ! traditional =m4 ,nor is x true t !y correspond to pr(\nd dem&s ( ! human s\l4 ,man does n seek a god ext]nal to himself & almo/ a despot1 :o comm&s & b5efits him caprici\sly1 nor does he aspire to an immortality ( insipid ease2 b he seeks = t ,god :i* he has 9 himself1 & aspires to t activity :i* is bo? ,life & ,dea?#i4 ,?us ,croce affirms t evolution1 developm5t1 is dem&$ by ! v nature ( _s4 ,9 _s ! problem ( ! "o & ! _m is solv$4 ,! ye>n+s ( man t[>ds some?+ high]1 & t[>ds a unity t %all lie beh9d & /abilise all ?\ght1 are b expressions ( ! nature ( ,life4 ,! dissatisfaction ( su* a ?\ght is due to psy*ological illusion1 comp>able to a 8dream ( an art s sublime t e "w ( art really exi/+ w\ld by comp>ison appe> contemptible40 ,!re is no intuition t _c be cle>ly express$2 vague dreams ( ! ,madonna ( ! ,future end inevitably 9 an empty canvas4 ,s too1 accord+ to ,croce1 is a dream ( transc5d5ce empty ( cont5t1 because inexpressible2 bas$ on no cle> intuition1 b on a confusion betwe5 ! hi/orical judgm5t & "s vague conception ( ! transc5d5tal4 ,& ?us ! life ( ! _s is left a my/]y4 ,we w n attempt any discussion ( ,croce's fundam5tal pan!ism1 nei!r w we z yet criticise 8 def9ition ( ,beauty4 ,in/ead1 we w beg9 our con/ructive "w by consid]+ ! psy*ological accompanim5t ( a p]ception ( beauty & f t />t+-po9t try to rea* a conception & a def9ition t w c>ry u beyond ,croce's into a region less empty ( love1 a region t %9es ) a light ( its own4 ,dead moons are lovely1 b !y owe _! lovel9ess to liv+ light4 ,cold philosophies too are only beautiful :5 a beautiful _s makes !m seem to live4 ,let u1 !n1 turn to ! psy*ological effects ( t :i* appeals z beautiful to "s individual m9d1 leav+ on "o side1 = ! "t1 all consid]ation ( ! reason :y a p>ticul> object %\ld r\se a s5se ( beauty 9 a p>ticul> m9d4 ,n[ unque/ionably ! beauty we p]ceive is nev] satisfy+1 or if x satisfies at all x does s b = a mom5t4 ,almo/ at once dissatisfaction foll[s1 or r unsatisfaction4 ,!re is a ye>n+ = some?+1 a s5se ( some?+ lack+4 ,x is vague--s vague t ! only repres5tation ( x t has ev] adequately express$ at once its aspirations1 its lack & its indet]m9at5ess1 is ,blake's draw+ 8,i want--,i want40 ,( ^! ?ree ?+s x is comp\nd$1 ( lack1 ( aspiration1 & ( self-ignorance t kn[s nei!r :at x lacks nor :at x desires2 & ^! ?ree det]m9e its sali5t "*--t ( an impulse4 ,t x is really an impulse becomes cle> directly we exam9e its effects4 ,x produces a desire to create4 ,9 ! "y1 ! uncontroll$1 ! illit]ate1 ! creative impulse may be def9itely sexual4 ,passion is und\bt$ly /imulat$ 9 simple natures by ! beautiful1 & we %all see :5 we come to discuss ! evolution ( ae/hetic s5sibility t ?is fact is ( ! pr(\nde/ spiritual import4 ,= ! mom5t we ne$ only note t ?is sex-impulse is creative4 ,9 natures arti/ically m develop$ yet n truly orig9ative1 ! creative impulse is a desire to repeat ! ?+ t has giv5 ?is s5se ( beauty--to pa9t ! sunset1 to play ! sonata1 to declaim ! poem4 ,yet ev5 "h we mu/ note ! g]m ( orig9ality4 ,! repetition is no m]e reproduction4 ,elim9ation & emphasis make x 9 "s measure a new creation4 ,?is is obvi\s 9 ! less rigid arts1 pa9t+ & music2 b x is pres5t ev5 :]e ! =m is def9ite4 ,he> two diff]5t p1 or ! same p]son 9 two diff]5t moods1 read ! same poem1 & see h[ diff]5t a ?+ x c be6 ,9 m arti/ic natures /ill1 truly orig9al1 ! desire to create is consci\s1 ! desire to reproduce less4 ,! ?+ creat$ ne$ n1 probably w n1 be ( ! same k9d4 ,! moon-glade on ! sea enri*+ by contra/ ! blackness ( ! rocky headl&1 w inspire ! musician to write1 n a moonlight sonata1 = true music is free f s5su\s symbolism1 b a pure rhy?m ( s\nd4 ,to sugge/ visual symbols 9 s\nd is to pro/itute music1 to drive x back into ! s5sationalism f :i* x has fre$ itself4 ,x is1 fur!r1 to confuse ! m9d by attempt+ to comb9e two incompatible m$ia ( te*nical expression4 ,z animal passion is to love1 s is ,c>ri]'s 8,la ,*asse0 to a ,ba* prelude#aj4 ,we see1 !n1 t ! psy*ological effect ( ! beautiful is to produce a creative impulse1 bas$ on ! lack & ! aspiration :i* give rise to a s5se ( ye>n+ desire4 ,we see t x is indet]m9ate1 = x attempts to satisfy itself 9 v v>i\s ways4 ,we see t 9 s f> z x creates successfully1 x f9ds "s satisfaction4 ,n[ all ?is fits admirably ) ,croce's !ory ( beauty4 ,beauty is = u ! expression ( t ( :i* we h intuition4 ,9 realis+ ! beauty ( a symphony or picture we h ourselves re-creat$ ! intuition ( ! arti/4 ,9 realis+ ! beauty ( a natural sc5e we h express$ an intuition ( ! reality t lies beh9d t sc5e2 a creative act4 ,we %all lat] g beyond ,croce 9 ?is matt]1 ref]r+ our creative act to a re-creation ( ! intuition ( ,god1 & ?is w lead u to consid] ! ae/hetic mean+ ( ,god's creation2 b = ! "t we ne$ n pursue ?is ?\ght4 ,our next bus9ess is1 cle>ly1 to analyse ! ye>n+ :i* prec$es ! creative act4 ,we h said t ?is orig9ates 9 dissatisfaction4 ,:at is ?is dissatisfaction8 ,"o o!r ?+ produces a feel+ t is n m]ely analog\s1 b absolutely id5tical4 ,:5 y love a p]son int5sely & are unc]ta9 if x is reciprocat$1 because no sign1 or no suffici5t sign1 is giv51 y exp]i5ce ! same dissatisfaction1 ! same ye>n+ & ! same creative impulse4 ,9 primitive natures ! impulse may fulfil itself 9 sexual excitem5t2 9 high] ones x is express$ 9 art4 ,x is a commonplace to say t "s ( ! _w's greate/ creative "w is done "u ! /imulus ( love4 ,! poems ( lov]s furni% ! mo/ prom95t example1 n only _! love poems1 b ! poems inspir$ by _! love1 l ! ,div9a ,comm$ia2 b we ne$ n seek f> = examples 9 ! o!r arts4 ,bee?ov5's ,f\r? ,symphony 0 inspir$ by 8 love = ! ,c\ntess ,!resa von ,brunswick4 ,t*aikovsky f\nd inspiration 9 8 ,platonic love = ,nadejda von ,meck1 :om he _h nev] se54 ,8 sad1 abnormal fri5d%ips 7 an inspiration to ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,n[ 9 bo? cases1 p>adoxical z x may seem1 ! dissatisfaction is due to receiv+ )\t giv+4 ,at fir/ sight ?is seems to be exactly ! opposite ( ! tru?4 ,surely a man is p\r+ out 8 love1 & receiv+ no return1 "o is incl9$ to say4 ,b a mom5t's ?\ght w conv9ce u t ! fir/ /atem5t is ! true "o4 ,all ! beauty1 all ! grace1 all ! int]e/ & ! *>ms ( ! lov$ "o are giv5 to u 9 un/9t$ measure1 & we c give no?+ 9 return4 ,we may n ev5 express our love1 our desire to s]ve1 b 9 ! trivial s]vices t conv5tion all[s4 ,yet h[ we prize ^! little s]vices t we c r5d]6 ,h[ we seek out opportunity ( r5d]+ !m6 ,we receive2 we c give no adequate return4 ,x is t :i* det]m9es our dissatisfaction4 ,if ! gift ( our love is refus$1 dissatisfaction is mo/ poignant4 ,commonly we say t ! belov$ refuses to give any?+ 9 su* a case4 ,exactly ! rev]se is true4 ,! belov$ gives1 & _c avoid giv+1 b w receive no?+ f u4 ,n[ ?9k ( a p]fect m>riage or a p]fect fri5d%ip4 ,!re is little trace ( dissatisfaction !re2 only re/ & happ9ess4 ,we receive1 b we give aga91 & our gift may be giv5 )\t measure2 may equal1 or ne>ly equal :at we receive2 may at lea/ be all t we c give4 ,!re is p]fect reciprocity1 & 9 reciprocity we f9d re/4 ,! creative impulse does n cease1 s]vice & gifts d n cease1 b ! _s is free f long+ dissatisfaction4 ,turn n[ to ! dissatisfaction produc$ by appreciation ( ! beautiful4 ,we receive ev]y?+1 we c give no?+ at all 7to ! beautiful ?+72 & s dissatisfaction is at its highe/4 ,we love ! ?+ 9 :i* we f9d beauty1 b ! love is "o-sid$4 ,! cases are id5tical4 ,x is no m]e phrase :5 we speak ( ! love ( beauty & ! beauty ( love4 ,unwitt+ly we express ! tru? ( an absolute int]dep5d5ce4 ,love is relation%ip1 beauty ! expression ( relation%ip4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce lies our !sis4 ,croce calls ,beauty ! expression ( an ,intuition2 we %all def9e t intuition z ! intuition ( ,relation%ip1 ,love be+ ! relation%ip itself1 intuitively kn[n2 kn[n1 t is1 z ,reality--z ! fundam5tal quality ( ,p]sonal ,be+1 :i* is ! only ultimate ,reality4 ,because ! intuition ( ,love is express$1 x ent]s imm$iately ! doma9 ( ,ae/hetic4 ,d\btless x is conceptualis$2 & h& 9 h& ) ?is !oretic activity ( ! _s goes ! practical4 ,love is ess5tially practical1 &1 z ,croce says1 y c nev] sep>ate or give priority to ei!r ! !oretic or ! practical activity4 ,! diff]5ce1 !n1 betwe5 beauty & love t is return$ lies 9 ! fact t 9 ! second !re is reciprocity4 ,y give1 z well z receiv+4 ,9 all love !re is "s reciprocity2 ! lov$ "o _c help be+ consci\s (1 & receiv+1 some?+ ( ! _s t moves out 9 su* wise4 ,! love ( a be+ se5 b once is purely ae/hetic4 ,only ?is corresponds to ! ae/hetic appreciation ( a sc5e1 & ev5 ?is n exactly2 = ! be+ is pot5tially capable ( receiv+1 ! sc5e is n4 ,x is wor? notic+ at ?is po9t t1 ?\gh ,greek ?\ght arriv$ at no adequate idea ( beauty1 ,greek ,my?ology did arrive at complete und]/&+4 ,& ?is gives little cause = wond]1 consid]+ to :at a level ! love ( ! beautiful develop$ 9 anci5t ,greece1 & consid]+ too h[ my? repres5ts ! unreason$1 intuitive wi%es & ideas ( an infantile age#aa4 ,we (t5 wond] at ! dep?s :i* my?ology plumbs4 ,accept+ ,croce's s*eme1 x is ! m easy to und]/&4 ,! my? ( ,pygmalion is subtly sugge/ive4 ,pygmalion creat$ beauty1 & long$ = x to reciprocate 8 love1 & out ( 8 long+ life & love 7 born4 ,beauty 0 = him "o-sid$ love2 h5ce 8 ye>n+ & 8 dissatisfaction4 ,b we are n ,pygmalions4 ,our ,galatea nev] comes to life4 ,:y !n %\ld we /rive /ill to create8 ,:y l ! man 9 ! old play1 %\ld we proce$ ) an endless task3 8,:5 w y f9i% ,campaspe80 8,nev] f9i%1 = always 9 absolute beauty !re is some:at above art#ab40 ,croce simply takes activity z ! "* ( _s & leaves x at t1 admitt+1 b n really expla9+1 ! fact t m5 are dissatisfi$ ) ! my/]y ( x all4 ,we1 approa*+ ) a diff]5t presupposition1 accept+ ,god & n reject+ metaphysic1 may hope to f9d "s full] explanation4 ,we d 9 fact g on creat+ some?+ t _c reciprocate4 ,:y8 ,fir/ ( all1 by our creative act we le>n m ( ! mean+ ( ! ,reality t is ar\nd u1 & ! ,reality t is ourself4 ,we f9d ! creative godhead ( our p]sonality1 we ex]cise our self 9 its true function ( godhead4 ,moreov]1 we create a gift to o!r m51 :e!r te*nically or o!rwise4 ,if we _c give to nature1 we c at lea/ give our und]/&+ ( nature to our fell[s3 ,bett] to sit at ! wat]'s bir? ,?an a sea ( waves to w91 ,to live 9 ! love t fl[e? =? ,?an ! love t fl[e? 94 ,be ?y he>t a well ( love1 my *ild1 ,fl[+1 & free1 & sure1 ,= a ci/]n ( love1 ?\gh undefil$ ,keeps n ! _s pure#ac4 ,& nei!r does ! _s t is a ci/]n ( beauty fulfil itself1 nor rema9 pure4 ,our ae/hetic activity is1 !n1 our fir/ contact ) ,reality1 pav+ ! way to an und]/&+ ( ! mean+ ( t ,reality4 ,9 spite ( ,croce1 we _c agree t a full appreciation ( ?is mean+ c\ld be consid]$ z a*iev$ if ! end is simply long+--dissatisfaction4 ,9 ! v fact t beauty produces 9 u a ye>n+1 t issues 9 a creative activity :i* does n1 & _c1 satisfy ! ye>n+1 we h evid5ce t ! solution is n f\nd4 ,9 ! id5tity ( psy*ological cont5t produc$ by beauty & by unrequit$ love we f9d ! clue we seek4 ,9 ! re/fulness ( a p]fect fri5d%ip1 ( an int]c\rse :i* kn[s no subject t mu/ n be t\*$ ^u1 fe>s no j>r+ note1 :atev] matt] comes ^u ! sc5e1 c give all ! keys 9 p]fect tru/1 kn[+ t tru/ w nev] be regrett$1 & hold ! o!r's keys kn[+ !re is ! same confid5ce on t side2 t c see ) ! o!r's eyes1 & nev] fe> to be itself misund]/ood2 9 t re/fulness ! problems ( beauty1 ( life1 ( ,reality itself f9d answ]4 ,let u repeat4 ,! unsatisfy+ness ( beauty is due to ! fact t y are tak+ & n giv+4 ,9 ord] to give some?+1 to o!rs1 ?\gh n to ! object t r\s$ 9 y ! s5se ( beauty1 y create by "s te*nique4 ,:at is x y are receiv+8 ,an intuition1 :i* y express to y\rself creatively & to o!rs ?r\gh its effect on y\r "*2--to :i* fur!r1 if y are an arti/1 y give ext]nal1 te*nical expression4 ,?is intuition :i* y receive is ! fir/ /age ( k--( ! k ( ,reality4 ,s f>1 agree+ ) ,croce1 we agree ) ,b]gson2 & moreov] we leave room = my/icism1 s9ce my/icism becomes ! appreciation ( relation%ip1 & logic paves ! way = suitable activity to develop our side ( ! relation%ip4 ,! mean+ ( ?is becomes cle>] :5 we consid] ,croce's explanation ( ! process ( p]ceiv+ beauty 9 ! "w ( an arti/1 be x picture1 symphony1 or poem4 ,he po9ts out t 9 appreciat+ a "w ( art y ent] into ! m9d ( ! creator1 foll[ 8 intuition1 & create ! expression afre% = y\rself4 ,on ! degree 9 :i* y c d ?is dep5ds ! fullness ( y\r appreciation ( ! "w4 ,b :5 y see beauty 9 a natural object ! matt] is less cle>4 ,croce w\ld say t y are 9 ! fir/ /age ( kn[+ t object1 & he is unque/ionably "r s f>4 ,b c we n1 us+ ! analogy ( ! picture or ! poem1 g on to say t y are foll[+ out ! idea ( ! creator ( ! natural object--t y are 9 t\* ) ! ,cosmic ,idea1 :i* is ! ,idea ( a ,p]sonal ,god8 ,if s1 !re is inde$ room = my/icism1 = my/icism becomes simply ! realisation t y are 9 fact do+ ?is4 ,moreov]1 ,beauty & ,love at once fall into relation4 ,beauty is n simply expression1 b ! expression ( a relation1 & x is incomplete because ! relation is n yet reciprocal4 ,love is t relation itself4 ,9 ano!r aspect1 beauty is se5 z ! meet+-place = love1 s9ce x is ! expression ( an intuition ( ,reality1 & ,reality is root$ & gr\nd$ 9 love4 ,:]e !re is limitation ei!r ( "o or bo? ( two p]sons1 expression is ne$$ to provide a meet+-place--spee* or sign = ! less] arti/1 music1 poetry1 or picture = ! great]4 ,ea* expression is a symbol ( ! reality x inc>nates2 9 s f> z x rea*es out beyond its own imm$iate appreh5sion ( t reality4 ,all expression1 all art1 is symbolic & has a my/ical aspect1 else x w\ld be ei!r complete & all-embrac+ or devoid ( real cont5t4 ,s f> ! symboli/s are "r4 ,b ?is op5s up a wide problem4 ,if ,beauty be ! =mulat$ intuition ( ,reality1 :i*1 because ( its incomplet5ess1 repres5ts 9 symbols ?+s t are beyond its imm$iate purview1 & if ,reality be1 z we h else:]e argu$#ad1 gr\nd$ on ,p]sonal ,relation%ip1 ! self-expression ( ,love1 does beauty cease :5 p]sonal relations become p]fect8 ,= we h argu$ t a symbol belongs to ! doma9 ( ! imp]fect1 n ! p]fect#ae4 ,if s1 has beauty any mean+ = ,god8 ,at ?is po9t we cle>ly come into contact ) ! problem ( ,god's creative activity4 ,we h said#af t ! creation ( ,god mu/ be ! creation ( some?+ new4 ,we h said t ,love1 ( its own nature1 dem&s expansion1 is c5trifugal z well z c5tripetal1 & 9 ?is c5trifugality ( love we s\ght ! ,div9e ,impulse to create new p]sonalities4 ,b beh9d lurk$ always ! "q 8,h[ c\ld a ,god ^: exp]i5ce 0 p]fect & embrac$ already all ,reality1 create any?+ t 0 new80 ,! reciprocity ( p]fect$ love w\ld be new = ! p]sonal be+s ,he _h creat$2 b ,8 self-limitation :i* ! fre$om ( ^? be+s necessitat$ w\ld n be new = ,him1 = self-abnegation is an et]nal "p ( love1 s9ce love is sub/antiat$ z itself by creative self-surr5d]1 transc5d5ce by imman5ce4 ,w\ld ! result ( ,8 self-limitation be new = ,him1 implicit z x is 9 ,8 ,be+ z ,love8 ,w\ld ! exp]i5ce ( ! reciprocal love ( ,8 *ildr5 be a new ?+ = ,him8 ,no d\bt ! problem1 z belong+ to ! doma9 ( ! ,transc5d5t1 is n soluble = u1 ^: transc5d5ce1 ^: intuition ( ! ,real1 is s incomplete4 ,b because 9 su* measure z we d "k ! ,real we are ourselves transc5d5t1 we c at lea/ hope to t\* ! fr+e ( ,8 g>m5t2 & ,croce's pro( t pure intuition--:i* ,b]gson also urges to be our po9t d'appui ) ! ,real--belongs to ! doma9 ( ae/hetic1 gives u a fre% clue 9 our inve/igation4 ,beauty is expression4 ,?is is ,croce's /atem5t2 & 9 x we f9d :at we ne$1 provid$ t we exp& ! def9ition into #8! expression ( ,relation4' ,if !re be a ,p]sonal ,god z we believe1 ^: exp]i5ce is ,reality1 ,he mu/ always be express+ t ,reality4 ,!re is no consci\sness )\t expression4 ,b ! expression ( k ( ! ,real is ,beauty4 ,god's ,be+ mu/ be full ( an ov]:elm+ ,beauty4 ,b "p ( ,8 ,nature1 z ,love1 is c5trifugal4 ,t c5trifugal "p mu/ also be express$4 ,! arti/ foll[s 8 expression by te*nical application2 he pa9ts = eye or e>1 to satisfy himself & to communicate 8 intuition4 ,9 s f> z he fails 9 8 expression1 ! result is ugly4 ,9 s f>1 also1 z ,god's creation fails1 ?r\gh its own inevitable condition ( ! fre$om ( man1 ! result is ugly4 ,ugl9ess is ! ae/hetic1 or !oretical aspect ( s92 9 its practical aspect s9 is uneconomic1 un-moral4 ,n[ if "o ?+ is m c]ta9 ?an ano!r1 x is t ,beauty is = ev] new4 ,ea* s5se ( beauty is a new creation1 a fre% activity ( ! _s1 be x inspir$ nev] s (t5 by ! same object4 ,& ?is means t to "k ! ,real is = ev] a new ?+4 ,god's love is always new = ,himself4 ,8 self-k is creation p]petually r5ew$4 ,x foll[s1 a =tiori1 t ,8 k ( ! be+s ,he creates & is creat+ is ea* mom5t new4 ,because k is 9 its fir/ movem5t ,beauty1 !re c be no /agnancy 9 ,et]nal ,be+1 no dead level ( satiety 9 ,et]nal ,life4 ,beauty is expression4 ,= ,god x is ! expression ( ,8 relation to ,himself z transc5d5t1 & ( ! sub/antiation ( ,8 transc5d5ce ?r\gh ,8 relation to o!rs z imman5t1 9 ! fir/ /age ( ! movem5t ( t relation t[>ds & into transc5d5ce4 ,beauty is ! expression ( a relation1 & is ev] new4 ,b ! relation itself is ,love4 ,god is ,love2 t love is express$ z ,beauty2 & ,beauty is necess>ily et]nal1 because x is ! k ( ,reality4 ,god is ,love4 ,?is is to say t ,god ,,is because ,he is a relation1 to ,himself & to o!rs4 ,"h is ! inmo/ he>t ( ,tr9it>ian ,doctr9e1 z we h se5#ag4 ,because ,he is ,love1 ,he expresses t ,reality 9 activity4 ,b activity has two sides1 ! !oretical & ! practical4 ,8 expression is1 on ! !oretic side1 ,beauty1 & is h5ce = ev] new = ,him4 ,he is = ,himself a ,relation1 kn[n intuitively & express$ z ,beauty1 & ,8 intuition ( ?is ,reality is ev] new4 ,on ! practical side x is ,creation1 full ( purpose 7economic aspect7 & ( goodness 7moral aspect72 new = u1 ,8 creatures1 b only a*iev+1 = u ev51 its full newness z we come to "k ! ,reality :i* is ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,love t is p]fect 9 ,him alone2 only a*iev+ its full newness z we beg9 ourselves to "k1 to express1 & to create3 z we become gods ourselves4 ,& :at ,he creates is real1 beautiful1 & new4 ,beauty is et]nal4 ,x is ! meet+-place ( p]sonal be+s = ev]2 b x is a symbol only s long z ^! p]sonal be+s are imp]fect1 & _! k incomplete4 ,beauty & k become coext5sive z imm$iate intuition ext5ds its b\nd>ies till logic has no m a place1 or r till logic & intuition cov] ! same gr\nd4 ,s too ) ! practical2 ! useful ext5ds its b\nd>ies till x is coext5sive ) ! good1 & ! two become "o & ! same4 ,! activity t rema9s is z ,god's activity4 ,love is itself because x is bo? kn[+ & do+2 absolute ,be+ is ! circle ( ^! two insep>ables4 ,be=e we proce$ x w be z well to rem9d ourselves once m ( ! psy*ological fact t has caus$ u to modify ,croce's def9ition ( beauty by introduc+ ! idea ( relation4 ,?is *>act]i/ic consequ5ce ( a vision ( ! beautiful is ! s5se ( long+1 ak9 to ! long+ ( unreciprocat$ love1 :i* issues 9 "s creative act4 ,?is act may be a consci\s attempt to produce some?+ ( ae/hetic value--a "w ( art--or x may simply be an attempt to make our milieu h>moni\s4 ,! h\sewife may be /imulat$ to re-cov] ! cu%ions1 to tidy ! h\se1 or to re-arrange ! room2 ! "m may try to make h] *ildr5 happi]2 ! selfi% man or ! fracti\s *ild may try to make life m complete & h>moni\s by lov+ de$s1 h[ev] %ort-liv$4 ,! mo/ commonplace m9d may feel a religi\s impulse2 a s5se ( wond] & rev]5ce4 ,m5 h always be5 p]plex$ by ! app>5tly close connection betwe5 ! beautiful & ! good1 betwe5 ! beautiful & ! sublime4 ,?is connection becomes cle> 9 ! light ( our def9ition4 ,beauty is se5 z ! fir/ /ep t[>ds an und]/&+ ( ,reality1 & t ,reality is ,love1 p]sonal relation%ip1 reciprocity4 ,relation%ip betwe5 f9ite p]sons fir/ 7yet n transi5t ev5 "h1 because p]sonality is ess5tially inf9ite1 & p]sons are only limit$ 9 s f> z !y h fail$ z yet to a*ieve p]sonality71 b relation%ip t f9ds its orig9 & explanation 9 ! p]sonal1 creative1 ,triune ,be+ ( ,god#ah4 ,! p]ception ( beauty is accompani$ by emotion2 free1 z emotion is 9 itself1 ?\gh ar\s$ by ext]nal condition+#ai2 yet unsatisfi$1 ?w>t$1 & s ) a ve9 ( sadness 9 its joy4 ,its joy is ! joy ( beg9n+ to und]/&4 ,all und]/&+ is pleasure4 ,"o smil$ ) pleasure :5 "o fir/ grasp$ ,euclid's =ty-sev5? proposition1 ev54 ,b "h we und]/& ! beauty z a symbol & a meet+-place4 ,x makes u feel less lonely & less isolat$4 ,its sadness is ! sadness ( an incomplete und]/&+4 ,we see 9 a beautiful ?+ a ?+ t c receive no?+ f u1 :ile x gives mu* to u4 ,yet ! v fact t beauty does make u #8feel religi\s' %[s t someh[ we d realise t we c give some?+ to ,god1 & f9d a little satisfaction 9 do+ s2 t ev5 nature is n s imp]sonal z we 7 incl9$ to ?9k4 ,our desire to create beautiful ?+s is a sign t we und]/& our self also1 our de/9$ godhead1 & t we too wi% to reveal our self by creat+ = o!rs1 & giv+ to o!rs4 ,x is a sign t we und]/& t our relations ) ,god & ) our fell[s are reciprocal4 ,croce gives ! clue :5 he %[s t ae/hetic is ! fir/ /age ( ! _s's activity4 ,b]gson /rikes a note t wakes an answ]+ h>mony :5 he urges t intuition br+s u ne>] to ,reality ?an does intellect direct$ t[>d practical aims1 ev5 ?\gh "s ( 8 d$uctions displease2 ,kant & ,hegel indicate ! et]nal value ( ae/hetic :5 !y urge t x belongs to ! highe/ & la/ /age4 ,b ,croce gives no reason = ! long+ t beauty =ces ^u u2 nor inde$ = ! activity ( _s at all2 he m]ely assumes _s z a datum1 & is def9$ by its activity4 ,b if we reg>d beauty z ! expression ( a p]ceiv$ relation%ip1 almo/ z "o-sid$ love1 ! :ole falls into place4 ,?r\gh beauty we get into t\* ) ,reality1 :i* ,reality is1 9 its complet5ess1 ! mutual activity ( ,love4 ,! basis ( ,love's activity is ,love's fre$om1 ev5 its fre$om to limit itself4 ,mank9d is w9n+ fre$om out ( det]m9$ conditions2 :i* conditions are ! creation1 ! expression1 ( ,god's love1 ?r\gh self-limitation4 ,because !y are ! expression ( ,god's k ( ! ,reality ( ,love1 !y are beautiful4 ,! w9n+ ( fre$om by man is a*iev$ ?r\gh adaptative relation to ! environm5t4 ,z ?is adaptation becomes consci\s--z we ga9 intuitive k ( ! environm5t--! s5se ( beauty is born1 = we express our k ( ?is relation to ourselves2 & make ef=ts t[>ds fur!r adaptation4 ,^! ef=ts are creative2 & z we progress our creation becomes m & m altrui/ic2 a creation = o!rs ) our relation%ip to !m held consci\sly be=e u4 ,^! few words w suffice to %[ h[ p]fectly our !sis fits 9 ) ! evolution>y views we h previ\sly enunciat$4 ,! developm5t ( ?is side ( ! argum5t may be left = ! pres5t4 ,"o o!r matt] requires a brief consid]ation1 & !n we c leave ! g5]al outl9e ( our !ory & proce$ to a m detail$ treatm5t ( c]ta9 p>ts ( x4 ,?is is ! old1 unsolv$ problem :e!r beauty is subjective or objective2 :e!r a ?+ is beautiful 9 itself1 or :e!r x is only our ?9k+ t makes x s4 ,croce has made x p]fectly cle> t ! ?+ or ! sc5e :i* we errone\sly call beautiful1 mean+ t x is beautiful 9 itself1 physically beautiful1 is simply ! 8/imulus to ae/hetic reproduction1 :i* presupposes previ\s production4 ,)\t prec$+ ae/hetic intuitions ( ! imag9ation1 nature _c ar\se any at all40 ,p]haps ,croce's own !sis w\ld ga9 9 cle>ness & coh]5ce if1 />t+ f ! s5se ( beauty ar\s$ by a "w ( art z ! re-creation ( ! arti/'s intuition by ! spectator1 he _h accept$ ! religi\s implication1 & argu$ t appreciation ( s-call$ natural beauty1 0 ! re-creation by man ( ,god's intuition4 ,b1 ) 8 prejudice aga9/ religion1 he naturally c\ld n boldly accept ,god z ! ,primal ,arti/1 ev5 ?\gh to d s w\ld h made 8 !ory f> m complete1 & w\ld h sav$ him f relegat+ ! *ief factor ( man's life to ! realm ( psy*ological illusion4 ,to return to ! imm$iate "q1 !re c1 ( c\rse1 be no d\bt t s9ce beauty is an activity ( ! _s1 ! expression ( an intuition1 beauty itself mu/ be purely subjective4 ,equally1 !re c be no d\bt t )\t ! objective ,reality ! intuition c\ld nev] be call$ into be+4 7,we call x def9itely objective = man1 s9ce all our argum5t 9 previ\s works has driv5 u to ! conclusion t !re is a necess>y dualism = man z long z fre$om is incomplete1 love imp]fect2 z long1 t is1 z man is becom+47 ,?is gr[s m & m cle> z "o analyses ! ?+s t h r\s$ 9 oneself ! ke5e/ s5se ( beauty4 ,i ?9k ( a copse />r$ ) sn[drops & aconite amid b>e trunks "u a /eel-grey sky--a day 9 late autumn 9 wat]-mead[s2 em]ald peacock-tails ( we$ 9 ! riv]1 & lights ( madd] & old gold--blue sea cov]$ ) pe>ly ,portuguese m5-o'-w> & :ite surf break+ on black lava rocks--p]haps a doz5 su* l&m>ks1 to me a priceless possession1 to ano!r ab\t z int]e/+ z an album ( picture-po/c>ds f somebody else's travels4 ,9 m]cy p>tly1 p>tly 9 self-def5ce1 "o )holds ^! ?+s f all b ! few :o c>e to und]/&4 ,let ea* fill 9 8 own2 = !re are 9 e life su* mom5ts1 :5 "o is 9 t\* ) a l>g] life1 & x is ^! mom5ts :i* make a man1 z ,masefield has wond]fully %[n 9 8 poem ,biography4 ,!n !re are ! h\rs :5 human triumphs r\se 9 u ! same ec/asy4 ,ba* preludes & fugues1 ) _! palaces re>$ by p]fect /one add$ ar*itecturally to p]fect /one2 ! da9ty c]ta9ties ( ,moz>t2 ! sad gaiety & =ebod+ m$itations ( ,*op92 ! delicate cad5ces ( ,sw9burne2 ! lu/y1 op5-air se>*+s ( ,masefield1 sadd5$ by ! obsession ( sunset transi5ce2 ! g5tle long+ ( ! refra9 ( ! ,e>?ly ,p>adise2 ! massive syn!sis ( ! ,dyna/s2 ! sorr[ ( ,deirdre & ,viola9e2 ! e!real atmosph]e ( ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream2 pictures--ar*itecture--x is all endless4 ,n[ ! fir/ ?+ we notice is t if we are 9 ! wrong mood ^! ?+s may h little or no appeal4 ,i may walk 9 ,wat]-meads & feel no?+ ( _! *>m4 ,ba* may be m]e noise1 if ,i want to ?9k ( some?+ else4 ,aga9 ! ,madonna ( ! ,magnificat may leave me unmov$1 if my att5tion is on o!r matt]s4 ,^? ^: s5se ( beauty is really ke5 c nev] be un/irr$ by ! beautiful1 unless _! att5tion is s rivett$ on o!r ?+s t !y d n obs]ve x at all1 b mo/ ( u are ( common] clay2 we c notice a ?+ yet h>dly be aw>e ( its beauty4 ,"h1 9 ei!r case1 our ord9>y spee* hits ! nail exactly on ! head3 8,i am n 9 a receptive mood10 we say4 ,i d n receive :at ^! ?+s h to give4 ,9 an appreciative mood ,i take some?+ f ! ?+ t seems to me beautiful--?is act is my intuition--& use x z ! basis ( my creative "w--my expression4 ,i ne$ ! pres5tation ( an ext]nal object1 or its memory1 = t creation4 ,n[1 z we h j se51 a ho/ ( v diff]5t objects excite 9 an individual emotion ( beauty 9 a pre-em95t degree1 :ile if we reckon ! objects :i* excite x 9 a less acute =m1 ! tale is endless2 yet ! emotion all excite is suffici5tly ! same 9 cont5t1 9 spite ( its multiplicity ( =m1 to be express$ by ! s+le t]m beauty4 ,"o is tempt$ to speak loosely ( ?is effect ( ! beautiful on u z an emotion1 ?\gh cle>ly x is n "o1 s9ce x is expression4 ,an emotion may be beautiful imm$iately x is kn[n & express$ 9 ?is act ( kn[+1 b ! emotion is n beautiful any m ?an any o!r object is beautiful4 ,nev]!less1 ?is loose usage ( ! t]m has "o advantage4 ,x draws our att5tion to ! close relation%ip t b9ds toge!r beauty & emotion4 ,we h se5 else:]e t 9 ! realm ( emotion exi/s ! fre$om t lies betwe5 ! incom+ p]ception & ! outgo+ activity1 =m+ ! bond betwe5 ! fir/ & la/1 & det]m9+ ! =m ( ! response to ! /imulus#bj4 ,9 ! recognition ( beauty !re is fre$om & emotion1 z !re is 9 e creative act4 ,b ! activity is dep5d5t on /imulus1 & e /imulus is prim>ily p]ceptual1 ?\gh n necess>ily 9 ! /rict s5se ( be+ p]ceiv$ by an organ ( s5se4 ,! p]ception may be :olly int]nal1 ! self be+ its own object 9 introspection#ba2 ! intuition may be ! intuition ( love itself4 ,"h we see ! orig9 ( ! common1 yet ,i believe errone\s1 /atem5t t 8beauty1 z we und]/& x1 is only = s5se & = s5su\s imag9ation#bb40 ,if ,beauty be ! expression ( an intuition ( ,reality1 z ,croce says1 & ,reality be ultimately ! activity ( ,p]sonal ,be+1 :i* activity is relation%ip1 z we h se5 reason to claim#bc1 ,beauty is n dep5d5t on s5se p]ception alone4 ,fur!r1 because ! activity ( p]sonal relation is ,love1 we see 9 ,beauty ! creative k ( love1 :i* is necess>ily l9k$ 9 close/ intimacy ) fre$om & emotion4 ,love is n beautiful2 x is simply ! activity ( relation%ip4 ,! k ( love is ,beauty's v self4 ,! _w is n beautiful1 b k ( ! _w z ! expression ( a "p ( ,reality--( t portion ( ,reality :i* is limit$ & det]m9$ by ! self-abnegation ( ,god's love--is ,beauty4 ,9 s f> z we m]ely p]ceive matt] ! ae/hetic side is 9 abeyance4 ,at ?is mom5t we "k1 n ,reality1 b ,appe>ance4 ,our unae/hetic moods are det]m9$ by our m or less complete practical conc]n ) ,appe>ance1 our m or less complete bl9dness to ,reality4 ,we h gone back to a l[]1 m primitive /age4 ,9 our limit$ & /ill l>gely det]m9$ exi/5ce we are b\nd to be occupi$ 9 a great measure ) appe>ance4 ,! practical mu/ dom9ate ! !oretic activity2 ! _s mu/ be unbalanc$1 asymmetrical4 ,ev5 9 our mom5ts ( greate/ symmetry our appreh5sion ( ! ,real is l>gely at second h&4 ,pace1 ,croce1 we w\ld say--z we h said already#bd--t ! ,imman5t _c h imm$iate contact ) ! ,real2 man's intuitions belong to 8 transc5d5ce :]e !y deal ) ! absolutely ,real4 ,man imman5t & limit$ is imm$iately 9 contact ) ,god imman5t & self-limit$2 only 9 s f> z man is transc5d5t is he 9 contact ) ,god ,transc5d5t1 & s 9 t\* ) ! ,:ole4 ,9 8 imman5ce man lives by symbols1 :i* are sacram5ts2 & "h we f9d ! symbolic aspect ( ,beauty4 ,x is ! mat]ial basis ( ?is symbolic side ( ,beauty1 r ?an ,beauty absolute1 t has ( necessity receiv$ mo/ att5tion hi!rto2 & ! puzzles ( rival !ories h aris5 ?r\gh failure to realise t a symbol is a p>tial expression ( a reality1 & t x c only be fully grasp$ :5 ! reality :i* x symbolises is und]/ood4 ,a symbol has some?+ ( ! reality itself1 or x w\ld n be a symbol1 b x does n repres5t t reality adequately1 or x w\ld be co-ext5sive ) x2 w\ld be ! reality itself4 ,beauty is ?us subjective1 9 s f> z x is necess>ily ! "w ( ! _s4 ,b x is objective 9 s f> z ! reality ( :i* x is ! k is p]sonal & ext]nal to ! self1 & w always rema9 ext]nal1 h[ev] complete ! int]p5etration ( p]sonalities1 s9ce p]sonalities _c be m]g$ & lo/ 9 ea* o!r1 b rema9 et]nally 9 _! self-id5tity#be4 ,a natural object p] se is n beautiful2 only s f> z x is und]/ood z a p>tial repres5tation ( ,reality1 a symbol1 is x beautiful4 ,naturally1 ?is /atem5t ar\ses ! objection t to mo/ p ! music ( ,grieg1 if n ( ,ba*1 ! pictures ( ,leighton1 if n ( ,utam>o1 are beautiful2 & t !re is a g5]al cons5sus ( op9ion t ! view ov] ! ,sev]n f ! ,w9dcliff1 or ! view ( ,lisbon f ! h>b\r is m beautiful ?an ,wormwood ,scrubbs4 ,! answ] to ! fir/ "p ( ?is objection is obvi\s4 ,9 music1 pa9t+1 v]se1 we are re-creat+ = ourselves ! arti/'s intuition4 ,we "k t he f\nd beauty1 & he has ab/ract$ 9 8 art 9 su* a way z to r5d] ! beauty m easily recaptur$4 ,! arti/ is !n our guide4 ,he 0 an arti/ because 8 _s 0 m s5sitive to ! reality ?an ours1 & we foll[ him4 ,b 9 natural beauty1 too1 is n ?is true8 ,primitive peoples :o live amid ! mo/ lovely sc5]y h little or no p]ception ( x4 ,b !re are places & sc5es :]e nature seems to h p]=m$ a sort ( process ( ab/raction = u4 ,! elem5ts are simplifi$ & h>moni\s1 & !re is little to di/ract ! att5tion f c]ta9 ma9 features4 ,a comp>atively l>ge numb] ( p w h a suffici5tly develop$ _s to get into t\* ) some?+ beyond ! m]e object at su* places4 ,m education 9 ab/raction & intuition is requir$ to p]ceive "s k9ds ( beauty2 we see ! same ?+ ev5 9 ! arti/ic creation ( m54 ,m5delssohn appeals to f> m ?an ,ba*2 ,lead] to f> m ?an ,botticelli4 ,moreov]1 ! m obvi\s k9ds ( natural beauty1 z we may loosely t]m !m1 w appeal to _m less] arti/s1 :o w give te*nical expression to !m4 ,we %all be ?us famili>is$ ) ^! repres5tations1 ?r\gh pianolas & art-magaz9es & p5ny read+s1 or ?r\gh conc]ts & picture gall]ies & /udy2 & %all be ! m prep>$ to intuit = ourselves :5 we meet ) objective elem5ts ( a some:at simil> type4 ,& we h fur!r argu$ t ev5 9 natural beauty we are really foll[+ ! intuition ( ,creative ,m9d4 ,"o o!r po9t is p]haps wor?y ( rem>k4 ,natural sci5ce appe>s to compass a v l>ge a*ievem5t 9 k1 & to express ?is k ) s+ul> felicity2 yet 9 sci5ce !re is little t c be call$ beautiful1 except 9 a highly metaphorical s5se4 ,! explanation ( ?is anomaly is cle> & incontrov]tible4 ,! "w ( !oretical sci5ce is ess5tially ab/ract1 & is conc]n$ :olly ) ,appe>ance1 n ,reality1 except :]e x imp+es ^u ! doma9 ( philosophy4 ,! intuition ( ,beauty is an intuition ( ,reality4 ,we may n[ put d[n our conclusions 9 a brief & m regul> =m3 7#a7 ,ext]nal ?+s are requir$ to r\se 9 me a s5se ( beauty1 b !y are n 9 !mselves beautiful4 7#b7 ,i create _! beauty1 by und]/&+ !m z p>ts ( a ,:ole :i* is ,reality4 7#c7 ,beauty is expression2 ,i mu/ !re=e =m a cle> intuition & express x to myself4 ,?is is my creative act2 to :i* ,i may1 or may n1 give a te*nical embodim5t4 7#d7 ,b ,i am n m]ely creat+ a photographic image1 an imitation4 ,i am gett+ into a c]ta9 receptive condition 9 :i* ,i c ab/ract f :at ,i see its ess5ce & fit ?is into my k ( ,reality4 ,i _c see a ?+ z beautiful unless 9 "s degree x gives me ?is impression ( relat$ness to ,reality & to myself--l9k+ me ) ! ,reality ( :i* ,i am a "p4 ,beauty ?us comes to be a felt relation%ip4 ,my creation is ! creation ( a full] und]/&+ ( relat$ness4 7#e7 ,i am always dissatisfi$ ) ,beauty1 :i* wakes 9 me a s5se ( long+ exactly ! same z ! long+ ( an unreciprocat$ love4 ,i receive & _c give4 ,yet 9 ?is beauty & ?is love !re is joy z well z sorr[4 7#f7 ,my life is "p ( an organic ,:ole ^: ultimate mean+ & purpose is p]sonal relation%ip--int]p5etration4 ,! dissatisfaction is due to a s5se ( imp]fect int]p5etration4 ,:at is ne$$1 & is felt to be ne$$1 is equal give & take--reciprocal creative activity4 ,dissatisfaction comes :5 giv+ & tak+ are n balanc$4 7#g7 ,beauty is et]nal1 s9ce ! creative expression ( ,love is et]nal1 & ,love kn[s et]nally :at x is--is et]nally self-consci\s4 ,love is relation1 beauty ! expression ( ! imm$iate k ( t relation4 7#h7 ,?is k is always a new1 creative act4 ,god mu/ cont9ually express ,8 ,be+ z ,love else ,he w\ld cease to be ,love & s to be at all4 ,9 ,creative ,expression ,he r5ews ,himself4 ,he is = ,himself ev] new4 ,&1 because ,love is c5trifugal z well z c5tripetal1 ,he mu/ = ev] express ,himself outw>ds1 s to speak1 9 ! creation ( o!r be+s1 & ?is ,8 "w ( self-abnegation is new & beautiful4 7#i7 ,we h h>dly t\*$ on ! problem ( ! ugly4 ,we h little to add to ,croce's explanation ( x z ! failure ( expression--z ! failure to express coh]5t unity--:i* involves ! failure ( intuition4 ,we %all j t\* ^u x h]eaft]2 at ! mom5t all we ne$ d is to rem9d ourselves t ! uglie/ ?+ 9 ! _w is s91 because x is ! failure to und]/& ! :ole1 & to express ! fulle/1 greate/ beauty4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,beauty ,,9 ,,evolution ,!ories ( ae/hetic1 s f>1 h paid little att5tion to ! developm5t ( ! s5se ( beauty1 except p]haps 9 ! individual4 ,?is 0 natural en\gh s long z ! idea ( evolution 0 un=mulat$1 or1 if t\*$ ^u speculatively1 play$ little "p 9 m5's g5]al attitude to life2 & s9ce ! doctr9e ( evolution came to its own1 little orig9al "w1 beyond t ( ,croce1 has be5 done 9 ?is region4 ,croce t\*es ! evolution>y aspect b lightly1 ?\gh x is implicit 9 8 id5tification ( ,hi/ory ) ,philosophy3 8,s9ce all ! *>act]i/ics assign$ to ,philosophy are v]bal v>iants ( its unique "*1 :i* is ! pure concept1 s all ! *>act]i/ics ( ,hi/ory c be r$uc$ to ! def9ition & id5tification ( ,hi/ory ) ! individual judgm5t#bf40 8,if ,hi/ory is impossible )\t ! logical1 t is1 ! philosophical1 elem5t1 philosophy is n possible )\t ! intuitive1 or hi/orical elem5t#bg40 8,philosophy1 !n1 is nei!r beyond1 nor at ! beg9n+1 nor at ! end ( hi/ory1 nor is x a*iev$ 9 a mom5t or 9 any s+le mom5t ( hi/ory4 ,x is a*iev$ at e mom5t & is always completely unit$ to facts & condition$ by hi/orical k4--,! a priori syn!sis1 :i* is ! reality ( ! individual judgm5t & ( ! def9ition1 is also ! reality ( philosophy & ( hi/ory4 ,x is ! =mula ( ?\ght :i* by con/itut+ itself qualifies intuition & con/itutes hi/ory4 ,hi/ory does n prec$e philosophy1 nor philosophy hi/ory2 bo? are born at "o bir?#bh40 ,?is view1 h[ev] int]e/+ & sugge/ive x may be 9 ! realm ( pure ?\ght1 = ! simple reason t x does n boldly grapple ) ! fact ( practical dualism1 is difficult ( application to ! process ( ! dawn ( consci\sness4 ,croce's :ole philosophy is direct$ to ! d5ial ( dualism2 x is a new =m ( ideali/ic monism4 ,we h be5 l$ 9 our e>li] reason+s to d5y an ultimate dualism#bi1 b we h also be5 l$ to affirm dualism z exi/5t 9 ,"t1 ?r\gh ! self-limitation & imman5ce ( ,et]nal ,_s4 ,on ?is basis1 at :i* we arriv$ ?r\gh a detail$ consid]ation ( ! process ( inorganic & organic evolution1 we re>$ our :ole sup]/ructure4 ,on ?is same basis1 !n1 we w attempt to reason out a view ( ! evolution ( beauty t %all be 9 h>mony bo? ) ! facts ( evolution & ) ! !oc5tric sy/em t issu$ f our discussion z app>5tly ! only possible explanation ( ! univ]se1 s f>1 at lea/1 z its broad outl9e 0 conc]n$4 ,if beauty be ! expression ( an intuition1 & if1 fur!r1 ! intuition requir$ involves a s5se ( relation1 !re c be no true p]ception ( beauty until self-consci\sness arises4 ,broadly speak+1 ?is is to say !re c be no s5se ( beauty except 9 man4 ,b "h at once we are br\ght up aga9/ ! fact ( sexual selection4 ,surely ! po/ur+s ( spid]s1 ! dance ( ! ruff1 ! display ( ! peacock & ! ,bird ( ,p>adise1 ! song ( ! w>bl] 7if inde$ ?is be a c\rt+ & hym5eal song7 d imply "s ae/hetic pref]5ce 9 ! mate8 ,/ill m does ! elaborate p]=mance ( ! ,b[]-bird1 ) its love-*ase ?r\gh ! gay p>t]res ( its c>efully deck$ g>d5 & 9 & out ( ! d\ble-door$ b[]1 sugge/ "s s5se ( beauty4 ,?is fact1 :i* at fir/ sight seems fatal to our :ole !ory1 really supplies u ) ! clue we lack$4 ,p]haps1 ev5 at ?is mom5t ( c\rt+1 !re is no true self-consci\sness4 ,our previ\s discussions h l$ u to "q :e!r ?is exi/s at all 9 animals1 except possibly 9 a few ( ^? mo/ develop$ ?r\gh contact ) man4 ,b !re is unque/ionably a s5se ( relation4 ,! male & female are urg$ to love-play by ! sexual impulse1 & ?is necess>ily involves a s5se ( int]-relat$ness4 ,x may n be--probably is n--suffici5tly consci\s ( ! self & ! o!r to be t]m$ love4 ,x is a m]e s5se ( ! necessity ( ! o!r = fulfill+ a ne$ z urg5t & z little und]/ood z hung]4 ,b 9 ! sex-impulse we f9d a beg9n+ ( ! fact ( int]-relation2 & ?is is ! f\ndation we require4 ,! elaborate in/ances we h m5tion$ g a /ep f>!r ?an ! simple sex-ne$4 ,!re is a def9ite attempt to make t ne$ reciprocal by /imulat+ ! dormant s5se ( relation 9 ! mate ?r\gh ! use ( objects to :i* a mean+ is giv5 ?r\gh emphasis or ?r\gh arrangem5t & juxtaposition4 ,& ?is mean+ is recognis$1 ?\gh p]haps n z beauty exactly2 t w\ld imply ! expression ( ! mean+ to ! self1 & x is d\btful if ! self yet exi/s4 ,b x is v h>d to draw any l9e4 ,at all ev5ts we c say t "h !re is relation--& self-consci\s relation is love2 & t "h is expression ( a mean+ & a ne$--& a recognis$ mean+1 or intuition1 :5 express$ to ! self is beauty4 ,we are on ! conf9es ( ae/hetic4 ,n[ at fir/ sight ?is idea may raise a feel+ ( antagonism1 almo/ ( disgu/4 ,we seem to h r$uc$ beauty to t]ms ( ! sexual impulse4 ,fur!r consid]ation w s]ve to dispel ?is s5se ( a d]ogation ( beauty1 & w ev5 give to ! sex-impulse itself a nobl] significance1 mak+ x appe> z ! fir/ /age 9 ! em]g5ce ( ,love & ,beauty2 r5d]+ to x ! hon\r due f an und]/&+ ( ! end :i* x subs]ves4 ,!re c be little d\bt t 9 man ! p]ception ( beauty 9 ! opposite sex--n z beauty p]haps1 b z simple attraction to a beautiful p]son--does v g5]ally prec$e t ( m imp]sonal =ms ( beauty4 ,amid savage races ?is is unque/ionably ! case4 ,! /range decoration ( ! body & o!r rites 9 ! initiation ( ! adolesc5t1 are und\bt$ly expressions connect$ ) sex-relations4 ,to u !y are ugly because !y fail to express our full] und]/&+2 to ! savage !y are beautiful4 ,& ,i believe t 9 ! *ildr5 ( a highly develop$ arti/ic race x is true also 9 "s measure4 ,! love-admiration ( boys & girls beg9s at a v t5d] age2 & ! psy*oanalytic "w ( ,freud & ,jung gives a significance1 no d\bt (t5 exagg]at$1 to acts & ?\ghts & dreams ( *ildr5 :i*1 if n /rictly sexual 9 ! common s5se1 are yet connect$ ) ! impulse--call$ by ,jung ! libido--t und]lies ! evolution ( ! race4 ,if we employ ! t]m9ology ( ,b]gson & ,dries*1 we may say t ! lan vital1 or entele*y1 is ! libido ( ,jung2 t1 z ! animal progresses along ! pa? ( evolution1 x becomes ! sexual impulse 9 ! wid] s5se giv5 to ! t]m by ,freud2 & t 9 "o aspect x f9ally becomes ! sexual impulse 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! t]m is commonly und]/ood1 :ile x a*ieves inf9itely high] levels 9 ! direction ( spiritual progress at ! same "t4 ,b obs]ve :at ?is implies4 ,we h j notic$ ! obvi\s fact t ! sex-impulse involves a s5se ( relation4 ,x is probable t ! fir/ dawn+s ( relation%ip1 albeit 9 a primitive1 almo/ s5sational =m1 arise "h4 ,! us+ ( inanimate objects z tools is probably evolv$ lat] ?an conjugation1 ev5 9 ! protozoa4 ,difflugia may make use ( gra9s ( s& to =m its te/1 b all protozoa conjugate4 ,anyh[1 ?is is a m9or matt]4 ,! important po9t is t 9 ! sex-impulse arises fir/ ! s5se ( a relation betwe5 individuals1 :i* is de/9$1 f> lat]1 to gr[ into ! fir/ /ages ( love2 & 9 ! developm5t ( ! *ild we f9d traces ( ?is orig91 di/ort$ & *ronologically misplac$1 exactly z "o w\ld expect f ! ,law ( ,recapitulation4 ,ano!r po9t ( int]e/ arises "h4 ,_m psy*oanaly/s1 & notably ,jung#cj1 h %[n t my?ology has an ov]:elm+ly sexual cont5t4 ,fur!r1 ,riv]s#ca1 & o!rs1 h ext5d$ ! conception ( ! primitive1 or infantile1 "* ( my? 9 relation to ! primitive or infantile "* ( dreams1 %[+ t bo? belong to a l[] level ( culture ?an does ! wak+ self4 ,z "t goes on m & m1 n only ( ! m9or activities ( ! individual1 b ( ! e>li] activities ( ! race1 are relegat$ to ! unconsci\s4 ,psy*ologi/s h long recognis$ ?is fact 9 deal+ ) habit-=mation1 b ^! rec5t writ]s h giv5 x a deep] significance4 ,! _s uses ! pa/ z some?+ on :i* to build ! future4 ,9 old days1 & among primitive peoples /ill to-day1 ! explanation ( life 0 s\ght 9 a v *ildi% mann]4 ,! impulse ( sex 0 n und]/ood1 its relation to procreation 0 l>gely hidd51 z witness ! c]emonies ( ,inti*iuma1 & _m o!rs t1 by symbolic magic1 %\ld conf] f]tility4 ,x 0 my/]i\s1 yet imm5sely p[]ful4 ,x _h "s sort ( relation to ! bir? ( *ildr5 & animals4 ,! creation ( all ?+s 0 my/]i\s1 b s9ce ! new 0 born ^! two my/]ies mu/ be connect$4 ,h5ce ! sexual symbolism ( my?s t 7 pr$om9antly aetiological 9 "*--t 7 pr$om9antly attempts to answ] ! great ,:y8 ( ! univ]se4 ,9 ! pres5t connection1 !n1 ! *ief int]e/ ( ! "w ( ,freud & ,jung on infantile ph5om5a associat$ ) sex1 9 s f> z x is n exagg]at$1 lies 9 ! fact t "h too we h an in/ance ( ! work+ ( von ,ba]'s ,law ( ,recapitulation4 ,9 ! animal ! s5se ( relation beg9s ) sex2 9 ! *ild we h /range1 fragm5t>y primitive sex-ph5om5a 7if ^! psy*oanaly/s be "r71 dissociat$ f _m ( _! natural concomitants2 ph5om5a sugge/+ "s close analogy ) ! tempor>y appe>ance 9 ! embryo ( /ructures t disappe> aga91 hav+ lo/ _! significance4 ,c x be t ! purely animal basis on :i* man's great /ructure ( relation%ip is rais$1 is m]ely a f\ndation1 becom+ gradually hidd51 cov]$ up8 ,love is1 no d\bt1 9 orig9 an impulse ( sex4 ,yet ! highe/ love we "k & exp]i5ce 9 ourselves has no?+ sexual 9 x4 ,:5 a man & a maid fall 9 love !re is no ?\ght ( su* ?+s 9 ! m9d ( ei!r4 ,prim>ily1 true love is utt]ly pure f admixture ) animal in/9cts1 ?\gh x may be1 & is1 f\nd$ on !m 9 ! evolution>y s5se1 & ?\gh !y /ill play a va/ly important "p1 made beautiful by ! love !y subs]ve4 ,b ! love t beg9s z consci\s sex-in/9ct is no love at all4 ,!re is love betwe5 m5 & wom51 ev5 "y m5 & wom51 z well z betwe5 ^? ( ! same sex1 t is ei!r utt]ly free f all sexual cont5t1 or 9 :i* t cont5t is s trivial 9 am\nt1 & s completely dismiss$ f att5tion1 t x is practically non-exi/5t4 ,if "o is consci\s ( x at any mom5t1 "o is s by a def9ite ef=t ( ! m9d1 & = ! specific purpose ( br++ be=e oneself ! wond]ful em]g5ce ( ! pure/ & highe/ activity ( ! _s f s l[ly & physical an orig94 ,su* love is f> high] ?an ! love betwe5 husb& & wife (t5 is1 :]e ! sexual side is prim>y z well z primitive1 & fri5d%ip second>y4 ,only :5 husb& & wife are fir/ fri5ds1 & !n1 aft] t1 live toge!r ) a full realisation ( ! sacram5tal mean+ ( sex z ! f\ndation on :i* ! et]nal temple ( love has be5 & is be+ built1 c _! union approa* ! highe/ level4 ,!n x is inde$ ! be/ ( all 9 ?is life4 ,x takes !m clos] to ! he>t ( ?+s ?an m]e fri5d%ip w\ld1 & enables !m to make _! o!r fri5d%ips p]fect ?r\gh ! und]/&+ :i* x br+s4 ,! physical subs]ves ! spiritual1 & ev5 9 ! physical ! two are unit$4 ,! physical & ! spiritual are = !m "o--p>ts ( a :ole4 ,_! own fri5d%ip is p]fect z f> z any?+ human c be p]fect1 & by x _! fri5d%ips ) o!rs are made p]fect4 ,we see1 !n1 9 ! f\nd+ & developm5t ( ! sexual impulse ! fir/ movem5t ( ! lan vital along its true pa? ( evolution4 ,! lan vital det]m9es progress2 x is ! unre/1 ! div9e discont5t ( _s creat+ itself 9 matt]#cb4 ,x progresses along v>i\s roads1 b ! road t leads x to its own fulfilm5t lies ?r\gh sex4 ,! lan vital becomes libido 9 an ev5 n>r[] s5se ?an t1 almo/ co-ext5sive ) ,b]gson's t]m1 :i* ,jung gives to ! ^w4 ,= ?r\gh sex ! s5se ( individual1 & subsequ5tly p]sonal1 int]-relation%ip comes into be+#cc4 ,) ! ar\s+ ( self-consci\sness we f9d ! dawn ( love4 ,?is is ! beg9n+ ( und]/&+4 ,9 ! intuition ( love is born ! k ( ,reality4 ,fa9t1 p>tial1 obscur$ by ! sex-basis on :i* x is built up1 x is yet ! key to ! my/]y ( be+4 ,gradually1 sl[ly1 amid disappo9t+ f\lness & bl9d passion1 x /ill gr[s4 ,9 its insi/5ce on relation%ip x is manife/$ z ! human aspect ( religion4 ,side by side ) x gr[s ! k & love ( ,god4 ,?is is ! div9e aspect ( religion1 & ! two toge!r make ! _w & ! activity ( ! _s an intelligible :ole4 ,! 8,:at is ,tru?0 ( je/+ ,pilate f9ds "h its answ]4 ,all tru?1 all life1 all process1 9 %ort ,reality itself1 is kn[n 9 ! k ( ! creative love :i* is ! activity ( _s4 ,we see sex gr[+ to great] & great] importance until we rea* man4 ,!n self-consci\sness int]v5es2 ! ideas ( relation & ( fell[%ip dawn2 love f9ds a beg9n+1 & !n sex beg9s to lose its privileg$ place4 ,f pre-em95ce x s9ks to a second>y position4 ,its spiritual "p is ne>ly play$1 & some?+ high] c>ries on ! "w4 ,love is m ?an passion4 ,sex mu/ cont9ue to function1 = man has /ill a physical body2 b its spiritual significance is und]/ood1 & t is a ?+ f> great] ?an itself4 ,z love gr[s1 passion s9ks & s9ks f its fir/ prom95ce1 till love is all4 8,!y nei!r m>ry nor are giv5 9 m>riage1 b are z ! angels40 ,if ?is means any?+ at all1 x means t 9 ! end ! physical body w h play$ its noble "p & pass away1 ) its passions & its failures2 :ile ! life goes on1 reveal$ 9 a body spiritual4 ,9 ! light ( ?is und]/&+ no?+ is left unclean4 ,ev5 9 ! "w ( ,freud1 9 s f> z x is true1 & n col\r$ by ! ov]/ra9$ int]pretations ( a pa?ologi/1 !re is no?+ to %ock1 ?\gh mu* to sadd5 u4 ,:]e 9 man !re is ov]-emphasis ( sex !re is a return to ! l[]1 animal /age4 ,m5 are reg>d+ life 9 t]ms ( :at has be51 & n ( :at %all be4 ,!y are fall+ %ort ( _! own possibilities4 ,9 :at degree ?is ph5om5on is pa?ological1 due to "s neurosis or psy*osis1 we may n judge !m2 9 :at degree _! ov]-conc5tration on animal passion1 to ! exclusion ( true spiritual activity1 is "u ! control ( ! w we are 9 pres5ce ( s94 ,=1 f ! evolution>y po9t ( view1 s9 is ! refusal to live up to ! /&>d t is at pres5t possible1 ! acquiesc5ce 9 a /&>d t belongs prop]ly to a /age outgr[n2 l[]2 m animal1 less div9e4 ,x is cont5t ) an ana*ronism2 ! will+ acceptance1 ! welcome ( failure to progress--& ?is means refusal to progress#cd4 ,b to see 9 ! sex-impulse ! explanation ( love is to fall into ! same error z d ! mat]iali/s1 ?\gh ! error has assum$ a new & m subtle guise4 ,y c no m expla9 love by sex ?an y c expla9 m9d by matt]4 ,9 bo? cases y are us+ t]ms to :i* y c atta* no mean+4 ,ultimately ,i _c ?9k ( matt] & yet exclude m9d2 ,i _c ?9k ( sex & yet exclude relation1 & s1 ultimately1 love4 ,= sci5tific purposes no d\bt ,i c d bo?1 = sci5ce is a process ( ab/raction 9 :i* we disreg>d ev]y?+ t is n relevant to an imm$iate & n>r[ purpose4 ,b philosophy may n ab/ract4 ,%e deals ) ! concrete & ! real4 ,we h app>5tly lo/ sight ( ! "q ( beauty2 b ^? :o h foll[$ ! ?\ght ( ! fir/ *apt] w realise t we h n 9 fact gone f> afield4 ,^u ! f\ndation ( sex1 z we h se51 ! sexless activity ( love is be+ sl[ly re>$2 & love is relation--relation is ! reciprocal1 creative activity :i* is _s1 & _s is ,reality4 ,god is ,love2 m5 p]fect$ are1 or w be1 love4 ,! be+ ( ,god & m5 alike is ! activity ( p]sonal relation%ip1 made p]fect 9 union :ile yet ea* reta9s 8 self-id5tity#ce4 ,! k ( ?is relation1 ! expression ( x1 is ,beauty2 & 9 ,beauty ! :ole !oretic activity is compreh5d$ 9 ! ultimate resort1 :5 intuition1 ! imm$iate contact1 & logic1 ! m$iate contact1 are made "o ?r\gh p]fect k4 ,s9ce !n1 ! fir/ orig9 ( ! realisation ( relation%ip is born 9 ! sex-impulse1 "h ! beg9n+s ( beauty mu/ be s\ght4 ,b to se>* = !m 9 any develop$ =m--to se>* = :at we und]/& by beauty--9 ! animal consci\sness is va94 ,!re c exi/ 9 x only "s dim =e-%ad[+1 "s pref]5ce4 ,n until true self-consci\sness arises c !re be any real s5se ( beauty1 if beauty be ! intuition ( a relation express$ to ! self & to o!rs4 ,& argu+ f ! psy*ological effect ( beauty ^u ourselves--! long+ x produces1 & ! creative impulse--we h be5 driv5 to def9e beauty z ! expression ( a relation4 ,! g]m f :i* love & beauty w spr+ is already !re 9 ! relation betwe5 animals1 b :o w\ld guess t f ! lea/ ( se$s %\ld be born s great & noble a tree8 ,_m h s\ght ! orig9 ( ! s5se ( beauty 9 ! attraction ( sex1 & h !n hang$ ,beauty "u ?is bad "n4 ,to d ?is is to proclaim oneself a mat]iali/4 ,our idea is f> diff]5t4 ,reason+ f ! /&po9t to :i* we are driv5 by an exam9ation ( evolution t does n neglect ! ph5om5on ( p]sonality2 f9d+ ! only explanation ( evolution itself 9 free p]sonal relation%ip2 we see 9 sex ! primitive gr\nd-"w ( t relation%ip4 ,physically1 ! sex relation subs]ves _m purposes2 x provides a *ief mode ( introduc+ v>iation1 x bl9dly helps on ! evolution>y process ?r\gh selective mat+1 x provides ! *emical /imulus to ! developm5t ( a new organism f ! gamete or sex cell4 ,b x does m4 ,9 ! light ( ! end we see 9 sex a f> nobl] function2 ( a significance n transi5t b abid+4 ,9 ! great adv5ture ( ,creative ,love1 to sex is giv5 ! task ( br++ ab\t ^? relations :i* con/itute ! gr\nd-"w ( ! p]sonal union :i* is ,love4 ,( ! und]/&+ & ! expression ( ?is relation is born ! s5se ( beauty1 de/9$ gradually to transfigure ! _w = man1 z he le>ns to see ord] & purpose & significant relation 9 ! :ole1 & to endure et]nal & yet always new4 ,,conclusion ,?r\gh\t ?is essay1 9 our que/ = ! mean+ ( ,beauty we h be5 driv5 to reject ! gr\nd ( ! ,natural z ! prop] /&po9t = view+ ! ,beautiful4 ,r1 9 ,nature reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( ultimate ,reality1 we h f\nd a value only ?r\gh relation2 & x is ! intuition ( ?is relation1 express$ to consci\s m9d1 t con/itutes ,beauty4 ,no relation is1 h[ev]1 satisfy+ b "o :i* is mutual4 ,!re is beauty 9 all express$ relations1 ev5 ^? ( ma!matics & physics1 b because ^! relations are prim>ily express$ = ! purpose ( ! sci5ce z betwe5 ?+ & ?+1 & _! relation to ! p]ceiv+ m9d is relegat$ to ! backgr\nd1 ! s5se ( beauty is n r\s$ 9 any great degree4 ,by sc5]y a f> m vivid s5se ( beauty is k9dl$1 & h& 9 h& ) ?is goes a ke5] s5se ( dissatisfaction & creative long+4 ,by pictures & ! l we are br\ght into t\* ) ! m9d ( ! arti/2 he has felt a relation & giv5 to x te*nical expression1 & we foll[ anew 8 creative intuition4 ,9 do+ s we get 9 "s degree into relation ) 8 m9d z well z ) ! ?+ 9 :i* he saw beauty2 & we d]ive additional joy f ?is p]sonal relation1 m$iate ?\gh x be4 ,b /ill !re is dissatisfaction1 z well z creative desire4 ,?is long+ is id5tical ) ! long+ ( "o-sid$ love4 ,we receive & _c give4 ,only 9 p]fectly reciprocal love is ! long+ abs5t1 :ile yet ! creative aspect is mo/ vividly pres5t4 ,! /udy ( ,philosophy irradiates ! _w = u1 increas+ our s5se ( ! beauty t is 9 x4 ,we und]/& m2 ! _w's relation to u is m real1 deep]1 wid]4 ,religion has ! same effect1 ?\gh 9 s f> z x sometimes belittles ! _w x t5ds also to dead5 our und]/&+ ( ! _w's beauty4 ,b if our philosophy co9cides ) our religion & our sci5tific !ory is a "p ( bo?1 ,beauty has a *ance ( w9n+ h] prop] position4 ,if ?is philosophy & ?is religion f9d _! ultimate ,reality 9 ! p]sonal relation%ip we call love2 if 9 _! #8sci5ce' ! creative process ( t love's activity 9 self-limitation /&s reveal$2 ,beauty inde$ comes to h] own4 ,9 our intuition ( ! _w's beauty we are 9 t\* ) ! creative idea ( ! ,ma/] ,m9d4 ,only a philosophy & a religion t are root$ & gr\nd$ 9 ! ,god :o is ,love1 yet take ! fulle/ acc\nt ( ! "t-processes ( love :i* we call evolution1 c reveal ! fulness ( ,beauty4 ,!n ,beauty is se5 z ,_s's grasp ^u ! relation betwe5 all ! p>ts ( ! :ole--a relation t is n yet complete1 & c only be complete :5 ! sole relation is t ( love betwe5 p]sonal be+s1 ( :om ,god is ! fir/ 9 timeless ,be+4 ,!n1 :5 matt] is se5 z ! expression ( ,god's self-limitation = ! sake ( ,8 p's fre$om1 realisation dawns t matt] is in/9ct ) beauty = ! und]/&+ m9d4 ,ae/hetic becomes ! l9k t b9ds all our !oretic k toge!r1 mak+ x "o--s]viceable z an equal p>tn] ) ! practical activity4 ,9 ?is p>tn]%ip ! activity ( ! _s is p]fect$#cf4 ,! beauty ( relation%ip is always new1 j z love is always new4 ,our creation is our expression ( our p]sonal be+ 9 relation%ip1 :i* is ultimately love4 ,god's creation is ! expression ( ,8 ,p]sonal ,be+ 9 relation%ip4 ,)\t relation%ip ,he w\ld n be p]sonal2 b m is impli$ 9 ?is /atem5t ?an m]ely int]nal relations4 ,p]sonality1 ! ( 1 is c5trifugally creative1 z we h se5 else:]e1 & ! ?+ creat$1 because x is a relation%ip1 is beautiful1 & is new4 ,9 ! p]5nial newness ( beauty we f9d ! key to ,god's creative activity4 ,he creates new p]sons1 because ,8 relation to !m is new & beautiful4 ,j because ,8 exp]i5ce is ! exp]i5ce ( ,p]fect ,p]sonality new ?+s are p]petually add$4 ,)\t ?is activity ,8 ,be+ w\ld n be p]fect4 ,its p]fection is sub/antiat$ by its p[] ( f9d+ beauty new4 ,only ! inactive dull>d fails to see beauty & is bor$1 & 9 8 v dulness he loses ! pr]ogative ( p]sonality4 ,f ! height ( su* a conception1 /&+ ^u ultimate ,reality1 we h look$ d[n ^u ! humble beg9n+s ( ! intuition ( relation1 or ( beauty4 ,^! we f\nd pre-em95tly 9 sex1 & s f> we 7 9 accord ) ! psy*oanalytic s*ools ( ,vi5na & ( ,zuri*4 ,b we saw sex trans=m$ & made beautiful1 because our eyes 7 fix$1 n on l[1 imm$iate purposes1 b on ! wond]ful ?+s t 7 to come4 ,ma9ly out ( ! relation%ip ( sex spr+ music1 art1 lit]ature--all ! beauty t is s f> remov$ f its physical orig9--& x is 9 ^! ?+s ( et]nal value t we f9d ! true purpose ( sex1 z oppos$ to its imm$iate physical mean+4 ,9 music1 art1 lit]ature we see ! expression ( gr[+ und]/&+4 ,! ,reality is br\ght ne>] & ne>] to man4 ,c\ld ,philosophy b br+ our ?\ght 9 clos] contact ) ,ae/hetic1 z ,croce has nobly endeav\r$ to br+ x1 und]/&+ w\ld quick5 m>vell\sly4 ,c\ld religion embrace ! arts & use !m1 ! _w w\ld move ,godw>d ) fre% inspiration2 ! arts !mselves w\ld be enri*$1 com+ into _! true h]itage4 ,croce has pav$ ! way to und]/&+1 b he miss$ ! goal because he did n p]ceive t ! cont5t ( ,reality is relation%ip4 ,?is essay attempts to indicate h[ mu* is lo/ by 8 omission4 ,god is ,love2 ,reality is ,love4 ,love is relation%ip4 ,beauty is ! expression ( our und]/&+ ( t relation%ip4 ,! ,good1 ! ,true1 ! ,beautiful are se5 z diff]5t aspects ( ! same ,reality2 ea* def9able only 9 t]ms ( ano!r2 ea* involv+1 & inde$ be+1 ! same sy/em ( relations se5 f a diff]5t angle4 ,goodness is ! relation ( _s to _s1 ,tru? ! relation ( "p to "p & "p to :ole1 ,beauty ! expression ( ! _s's k ( ! relations t make up ,reality4 ,our und]/&+ ( ^! relations--yes1 & ,god's und]/&+--is p]petually creative1 & its creation is a new ?+ = ,p]fect ,be+2 = ! ,p]fection ( ,be+ is only sub/antiat$ by its p[] to create ! new1 ! beautiful1 ! relat$4 ,matt] is beautiful because x is und]/ood z ! expression ( ! inf9ite activity ( ! _s ( love4 ,z ,p]sonal ,be+ is ! "o ?+ t la/s beyond ,"t1 & c>ries 9 itself ! "* ( absolut5ess1 s x appe>s t ,beauty1 ! k & expression ( ! relation%ip ( ,p]sonal ,be+1 is also et]nal4 ,beauty c nev] cease1 = x is a necess>y "p ( ,god's exp]i5ce & ours4 ,,app5dix ,,art ,,=ms ,,9 ,,developm5t ,al?\gh any detail$ treatm5t ( ! concrete =ms ( art is entirely =eign to ! int5tion ( ?is essay1 x is desirable t we %\ld devote a little consid]ation to ! way 9 :i* ^! te*nical expressions arise & to ! psy*ological effects !y produce4 ,9 do+ ?is we %all ref] to ! "w ( v>i\s arti/s1 b only = purposes ( illu/ration4 ,! "p ( ! art critic is z unnecess>y to our purpose z x is beyond our p[]s4 ,to omit all ref]5ce to concrete matt]s seem$ undesirable1 z leav+ ! !ory r 9 ! air4 ,on ! o!r h& any detail$ discussion ( ! !ory z appli$ to ! developm5t ( concrete art-=ms mu/ necess>ily introduce debatable propositions1 & mu/ be t5tative4 ,x !re=e seem$ desirable to relegate ! discussion ( concrete matt]s to an ,app5dix1 & to /ate cle>ly t :at 0 !re said 0 meant r to sugge/ ideas ?an to lay d[n def9ite pr9ciples4 ,applications t may be op5 to "q d n invalidate a !ory1 :ile !y d make = cle> und]/&+ ( x4 ,! "q :e!r beauty itself is a univ]sal or a p>ticul> has already f\nd implicit answ]4 ,s9ce beauty is ! expression ( a relation t is und]/ood z an ess5tial det]m9ation ( ,reality1 ! concept ( beauty is a pure concept4 ,x is expressive1 x is concrete1 x is univ]sal4 ,x is cle>ly express$ to ! self z a cognitive product1 expressible 9 words 7def9ition7 & symbols 7te*nique74 ,x answ]s to ,croce's te/ t ?\gh 8univ]sal & transc5d5t 9 relation to ! s+le repres5tation1 x is yet imman5t 9 ! s+le1 & !re=e 9 all repres5tations10 & is !re=e concrete4 ,x also transc5ds ! s+le repres5tations1 8s t no s+le repres5tation1 & no numb] ( !m c be equival5t to ! concept0 & s is univ]sal4 ,b ! f\ndation ( e univ]sal concept exi/s 9 an intuition ( ! p>ticul>4 ,! intuition & its expression to ! self come fir/1 !n foll[s ! ext5sion ( ! !oretic activity 9 logic4 ,! concept ( beauty mu/1 !n1 h aris51 & at e fre% realisation mu/ /ill arise1 l all concepts1 f an intuition ( ,reality z exi/5t 9 a p>ticul>2 & we mu/ !re=e seek its orig9 9 specific individual cases4 ,n[ we h argu$ t beauty is mo/ probably associat$ initially ) sex1 s9ce ) sex ! idea ( p]sonal relation%ip fir/ arises4 ,our ma9 !sis w\ld n h[ev] be invalidat$ if x c\ld be %[n t a vague intuition ( relation ) inorganic or non-p]sonal objects arose fir/4 ,! intuition ( relation may well h sev]al sep>ate />t+ po9ts4 ,only1 9 ?is case1 ! reciprocal elem5t w\ld be abs5t 7?\gh its lack might n be felt except z a vague dissatisfaction7 & c\ld only arise :5 ! sex-relation 0 ! subject ( a simil> intuition4 ,b mo/ likely ! intuition ( relation did arise ) sex1 &1 s9ce our argum5t is conc]n$ to %[ t ultimately ! intuition ( beauty leads to ! expression ( mutual relation%ip--love--& f9ds !re ! explanation bo? ( its peculi> quality1 & ( ! creative long+ x produces1 we w conf9e our argum5t ma9ly to ?is aspect4 ,n[ if ?is be s1 ! s5se ( beauty is likely to be associat$ 9 its e>lie/ /ages ) sight1 & only 9 a second>y degree ) s\nd1 9 ! mat+-call & 9 ! beg9n+s ( language4 ,?is is borne out by ! fact t music usually lags beh9d1 & is m primitive 9 expression ?an ! visual arts--p]sonal ornam5tation & ev5 decoration ( objects4 ,true1 ! fir/ =mal expression is likely to be 9 s\nd--9 ! beg9n+s ( language4 ,! dynamic relation betwe5 p]sons maybe accompani$ & express$ ?r\gh\t by spee*4 ,b at ?is primitive level x w be a v limit$ intuition or und]/&+ t is express$1 & moreov]1 an intuition t is bas$ on visual /imuli4 ,we may !re=e leave ! "q ( language = ! pres5t4 ,its importance 9 ! e>li] /ages is ma9ly practical4 ,?r\gh sight 7:5 ! /age ( simple *emiotaxis is pass$7 arises ! p]ception ( desirability 9 ! opposite sex#cg1 :i* is ! animal />t+-po9t f :i* love is evolv$4 ,?is desirability & ?is relation are express$ to ! self1 & ?is expression is beauty 9 its humble/ beg9n+4 ,!n1 lat]1 ! creative aspect ent]s into consci\sness4 ,at fir/ x 0 satisfi$1 unconsci\sly1 9 mat+2 b soon ?is unconsci\s satisfaction is felt to be inadequate4 ,! repres5tative process beg9s4 ,n[ "h we f9d a difficulty4 ,accord+ to our !ory1 ! e>lie/ attempts at ! pictorial art %\ld be pictures ( m5 & wom51 b ?is is n1 ,i believe1 ! case#ch4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 rememb] t ! idea ( symbolic magic arises v e>ly4 ,?is is natural4 ,! repres5tation ( a ?+ is t ?+ 9 "s degree4 ,y h p[] ov] y\r repres5tations1 !re=e y h p[] ov] ! ?+4 ,! use ( su* p[] has an anti-social aspect1 :i* =bids its common or public use except 9 ! =m1 ( a magico-religi\s c]emony4 ,x is unlikely1 !re=e1 t if su* repres5tations 7 made1 !y %\ld h come d[n to u4 ,moreov]1 x is unnecess>y t ! magic object %\ld be> any sup]ficial resemblance to ! ?+ x symbolises2 inde$ x is undesirable t x %\ld be recognisable by o!rs1 s9ce ! practice = :i* x is de/9$ is nef>i\s & illicit4 ,an esot]ic significance is en\gh4 ,!re is a v close connection betwe5 primitive art & religion4 ,?us ! ,palaeoli?ic draw+s ( animals 9 ! d>k caves ( ,prigord & ,altamira1 are und\bt$ly connect$ ) magico-religi\s c]emonies to give p[] ov] ! bea/s4 ,= ?is reason !n--! acquir+ ( a prise ov] ! object repres5t$--we %\ld h>dly expect to f9d _m e>ly draw+s ( m5 & wom51 o!r ?an div9ities4 ,ev5 to-day _m savages ev9ce ! greate/ fe> ( hav+ _! lik5ess drawn4 ,nev]!less1 ^! ,neoli?ic draw+s d exi/1 prov+ t !re 0 no univ]sal tabu on su* repres5tations4 ,moreov] su* draw+s z ^? ( ! ,bu%m5 %[ t primitive art at times uses draw+s to record hi/orical ev5ts1 su* z raids by o!r tribes4 ,! comp>ative sc>city ( primitive draw+s is1 h[ev]1 easily explicable :5 we take ! fact ( magical beliefs into acc\nt4 ,& !re are suffici5tly num]\s examples ( draw+s ( animals--be>1 rh9oc]os1 lion1 mammo?1 bison1 re9de]1 to %[ t prehi/oric man did h an intuition ( 8 relation to o!r creatures4 ,fur!rmore1 s9ce ! creative impulse does receive "s1 if unconsci\s1 satisfaction 9 sex-relation%ip1 express$ 9 ^w & action1 !re is ! less ne$ = te*nical expression 9 ! e>ly /ages4 ,we f9d at all ev5ts en\gh prehi/oric draw+s to %[ ! recognition ( relation1 & ! expressive activity1 & ^! are ! desid]ata = an ae/hetic fact4 ,leav+ ! mo/ primitive level1 we f9d ! developm5t ( decoration4 ,pott]y is %ap$ ) "s reg>d to =m & symmetry1 & simple ornam5t ( a geometric "* makes its appe>ance#ci4 ,mu* might be said on ?is subject1 b we w conf9e ourselves to a few fundam5tal consid]ations4 ,9 ! fir/ place we notice t "h man's art is practically unfett]$ by religi\s & magical inhibitions4 ,geometric =ms d n g5]ally repres5t any p]son or p[]#dj4 ,arti/ic creation !re=e c move freely4 ,next1 we obs]ve t ! art is rea*+ a high] level1 & t consci\sly4 ,!re is consci\s elim9ation & ab/raction at "w 9 ! con/ruction ( patt]ns made ( simple l9es & curves4 ,we f9d also ! rudim5ts ( an endeav\r to f9d a h>mony & rhy?m t may give a s5se ( satisfi$ und]/&+4 ,m5 are beg9n+ to feel ! ne$ ( unity & h>mony & ord]1 & 9 s f> z geometric ornam5t gives ! feel+ ( ^! & ( purpose1 x is beautiful1 = x expresses _! intuition ( an ord]$ reality4 ,x is unnecess>y = u to discuss ! intr9sic beauty ( curves1 or ! m5tal satisfaction af=d$ by ! gold5 section4 ,! ,greeks1 & lat] writ]s su* z ,fe*n]1 h exp5d$ mu* +5uity 9 do+ ?is4 ,b _! conclusions am\nt$ to little m ?an t ! ae/hetic pleasure giv5 by geometric =m 0 due to ! s5se ( symmetry & ord] & unity t 7 br\ght ab\t by elaborate diff]5tiation ( detail subord9at$ to a s+le idea4 ,z we h j said1 ,geometric ornam5t expresses man's intuition ( an ord]$ relation & int]dep5d5ce 9 ,reality4 ,we h introduc$ ! ideas ( elim9ation & ab/raction4 ,^! are pres5t 9 all arti/ic repres5tation1 & probably 9 all arti/ic p]ception4 ,because ! p[] is r>e 9 any high degree ( developm5t1 arti/ic g5ius is r>e4 ,moreov] x frequ5tly happ5s 9 ord9>y p t ! p]ception ( beauty is fir/ ar\s$ consci\sly by pictures r ?an by natural sc5es4 ,a fl[] is simple en\gh = a *ild to und]/&1 & we f9d t 9 _m *ildr51 especially arti/ic ones1 ! p]ception ( beauty is fir/ awak5$ by fl[]s4 ,! elem5ts ( a sunset1 or a moonlight sc5e ) cle> tones & silh\ett$ outl9es1 are simple en\gh = ! untra9$ m9d to appreciate4 ,b x requires an arti/ic g5ius to see ! beauty ( a complex l&scape4 ,9 repres5t+ ?is te*nically he simplifies1 emphasises1 elim9ates & ab/racts4 ,! man :o looks at 8 picture foll[s ! creative process ( 8 m9d1 &1 ! elim9ation be+ already done = him1 is able to appreciate4 ,moreov] he receives tra9+ 9 ! process1 & is ! m ready to elim9ate = himself2 to appreciate natural beauty ( a complex ord]4 ,ev5 if our arti/ic developm5t is n high1 we love pictures because 9 look+ at !m & und]/&+ !m we p]=m a creative act ourselves2 b x is ! arti/ :o has made x possible = u to p]=m ! act by 8 simplification ( ! problem4 ,br[n+ cle>ly und]/ood ?is1 = he wrote3 ,we're made s t we love ,fir/1 :5 we see !m pa9t$1 ?+s we h pass$ ,p]haps a hundr$ times nor c>$ to see#da4 ,sometimes ! arti/ a*ieves 8 emphasis by means n :olly agreeable to ! m$ium :i* he is us+4 ,_m arti/s ( great te*nical ability l9k human sympa?ies ) an admirably int]pretative mise-en-scne :i* c>ries out _! vision4 ,nev]!less ! picture t tells a /ory calls 9 adv5titi\s aid4 ,x is l ! illu/rat$ read+ book ( a *ild2 by ! *ild m9d x is creat$1 & to ! *ild m9d x appeals4 ,x _c express a cle> intuition by a simple repres5tation 9 a s+le m$ium1 b uses two1 appeal+ n only 9 pictorial symbols1 b 9 dramatic z well1 & ! intuition itself is obscur$ by ! process4 ,ow+ to ?is confusion ( m$ia & ( intuition ! result is unsatisfactory to m9ds m develop$ ae/hetically1 = reasons t we %all adduce lat]1 :ile yet ! d\ble appeal makes ! mean+ m evid5t to ! beg9n]4 ,aga9 c]ta9 l&scape arti/s ( ! second rank by insi/5ce on simple elem5ts ( natural beauty1 by emphasis1 & by elim9ation ( di/ract+ ideas1 op5 a new vision to m9ds h>dly prep>$ yet = su* intuition 9 face ( ! natural object4 ,add to ?is ! half consci\s yet acutely pleasurable process ( foll[+ out ! te*nical means by :i* ! arti/ has impress$ 8 intuition ^u canvas1 & we c und]/& ! joy ( look+ at _! pictures4 ,b :]e ! arti/'s vision goes deep]1 :]e ! reality is m cle>ly se51 & :]e 9 ord] to express ?is intuition1 to repres5t x1 & to br+ out its less obvi\s h>mony & ord]1 a m sweep+ process ( elim9ation & ab/raction is ne$$1 ! simple m9d is unable to foll[4 ,n ev]yone is at ! /age to appreciate ! subtle symphonies ( ,:i/l]1 ! b>e simplicity ( ,d4 ,y4 ,cam]on1 ! rigor\s c]ta9ty ( ,botticelli4 ,! conv5tions & purposeful l9e ( an e>ly ,japanese pr9t2 ! vibrant light ( ! po/-impressioni/ l&scape arti/s2 ! wilful1 obtrusive1 almo/ h>% insi/5ce ( ! cubi/ t y %all turn y\r m9d away f curves t hi!rto y h deem$ ess5tial1 9 ord] to grasp o!r tru?s1 n only seem ugly--t is to say1 mean+less--to ! m9d ^: arti/ic p]ception is little develop$1 b may ev5 di/ract x1 9 rebelli\s prote/1 f ! tru? ! arti/ wi%es to proclaim1 ?\gh o!rs fur!r advanc$ f9d 9 "s ( _! "w a v high type ( beauty4 ,&1 be x add$1 ! arti/ himself fails 9 8 expression if he ov]does ! emphasis 9 su* a way t 8 repres5tation ( ! ,reality becomes lopsid$ & inh>moni\s1 z is too (t5 ! case4 ,fur!r :]e he is n a creative arti/ at all1 b a slavi% imitator ( a me?od n really 8 own1 we are pres5t$ ) ! mean+less mon/rosities t "h & !re defile ! ,salon des ,indp5dants--& o!r less ca?olic exhibitions6 ,9 "s1 too1 ! animal basis is ! only intuition express$1 & art gobbles gre$ily at its mess ( pottage4 ,yet z a :ole we h mov$ a long way f ! animal expression ( a ne$ ( its complem5t>y animal4 ,! :ole _w is relat$ to u1 & 9 t relation we f9d beauty4 ,& beautiful z x is we f9d x v lovable1 ev5 ?\gh we _c b feel t our love c nev] be satisfi$ s9ce we c give no?+ back4 ,yet some?+ we c give1 ?\gh n to x--some?+ t makes ?+s cle>]4 ,9 our m9ds we c give to ?is _w a mean+1 z itself subord9ate1 yet ! necess>y means ( our self-realisation1 & we c %>e ?is mean+ ) o!rs4 ,we f9d a mean+ 9 life1 & t mean+ is fell[%ip4 ,we f9d a mean+ 9 nature1 & t mean+ dwells 9 ! ,creative ,be+ ( ! ,god :o is ,love4 ,beauty1 m cle>ly day by day1 becomes = u ! expression ( ,reality1 & t ,reality is ! reciprocal relation%ip ( p]sons4 ,religion gives "o pa?way ( approa*1 ,beauty ano!r1 b bo? jo9 to =m ! highway ( our ,god4 ,!re is m ?an room = beauty 9 religion2 !re is m ?an room = ae/hetic 9 !ology2 !re is an absolute ne$1 if !y are n to be 9 a measure inexpressive1 lopsid$1 & !re=e ugly4 ,our concept ( ,reality mu/ be symmetrical1 or fail ( adequacy4 ,:at is true ( pictorial art is equally true ( o!r =ms4 ,/yle--! high] art ( language--dem&s education be=e x c be appreciat$4 ,9 lit]ature aga91 ! g5]al public pref]s ,longfell[ to ,keats1 ,! ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur to ,a ,dea? 9 ! ,des]t1 ,ella ,:eel] ,willcox to ! ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,h5ry ,james dem&s a m intimate appreciation ( ! _s ( man ?an does ,dick5s4 ,9 all ^! !re is beauty--! expression ( an intuition--b ^? :o see fur!/ & mo/ cle>ly h ! smalle/ public4 ,mo/ m5 _c ev5 foll[ :]e !y lead1 & few inde$ are ! pione]s4 ,be=e we leave ! "q ( lit]ature & language1 we may j glance at its developm5t4 ,?is is comp>atively an easy matt] to und]/&4 ,! w>n+1 ! expression ( satisfaction1 ! mat+-call are common among animals4 ,! p[]s ( communication & ( spee* develop ) ! developm5t ( self-consci\sness4 ,!y are expressions ( ! relation betwe5 ! self & its #8o!rs1' & especially ( ! relation betwe5 ! self & o!r selves4 ,!y c>ry ! g]ms ( und]/&+1 & z !y lead f ! p>ticul> to ! m g5]al !y be> 9 !m ! quality ( ! beautiful4 ,! relations betwe5 ! self & ! o!r selves1 & betwe5 ! self & ! environm5t1 become m & m univ]salis$4 ,9 spee* !y are communicat$1 b spee* is transi5t4 ,a m p]man5t record is requir$1 & "h aga9 resort is _h to symbolism1 less g5]ally intelligible1 m esot]ic1 ?an ! pictorial symbol1 s9ce !re is no "o univ]sal language2 ! symbolism ( writt5 spee*4 ,spee*1 h[ev]1 is episodic & dramatic4 ,x moves along ) ! m>* ( ev5ts4 ,s too ) lit]ature1 = ! mo/ "p4 ,! ,pictorial & ,pla/ic arts repres5t beauty z /atic2 yet !y are n lifeless4 ,activity1 movem5t1 is implicit 9 !m1 :ile yet ! beauty !y express is re/ful1 & has 9 x some?+ ( ! quality ( absolut5ess & transc5d5ce4 ,language1 lit]ature1 drama are dynamic4 ,9 !m beauty moves2 imman5t & unquiet at fir/ sight2 yet "h too !re is some?+ t expresses ! et]nal mean+4 ,purpose moves to its fulfilm5t1 &1 :ile x moves1 ! end is 9 view4 ,nev]!less 9 pictorial art ! /atic side is ! mo/ prom95t1 9 l+ui/ic ! dynamic side4 ,we may obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t 9 ord] to c\nt]act ! transitor9ess ( purely episodic spee*1 rec\rse is _h to visual symbolism z well4 ,! graphic art aims at p]petuat+ ! episode1 & by do+ s r5d]s possible ! developm5t to :i* we %all imm$iately draw att5tion4 ,n[ ! untra9$ m9d appreciates ! dynamic aspect ( lit]ature1 :e!r x be ! orig9ative m9d or ! m9d ( ! read]4 ,?is expla9s ! output & ! popul>ity ( ! ?rill+ tale ( adv5ture4 ,at its l[e/ we f9d ! ,p5ny ,dreadful4 ,?r\gh ,/anley ,weyman & ,dumas we move t[>ds ,conrad & ,m]$i? & ,h>dy1 :]e ! dynamic elem5t is ?rill+ly pres5t 7z pres5t x mu/ be inde$ ev5 9 ! mo/ quiet essays7 b :]e x is subord9at$ to a cle> vision ( ! p]man5t & et]nal :i* we h mis-t]m$ /atic4 ,9 poetry ?is tru? is obvi\s4 ,ev5 9 drama1 ?\gh our att5tion is di/ract$ by ! action1 x is ! *ief quality if ! drama is really great4 ,9 ,sophocles1 9 ,euripides1 9 ,%akespe>e2 p]haps almo/ too consci\sly 9 ,galswor?y1 & ,paul ,claudel & ,synge1 = consci\s art loses ! s9c]ity ( a fir/ vision2 x is n ! episodic sequ5ce t int]e/s u1 except f ! po9t ( view ( te*nique4 ,our att5tion is focuss$ ^u ! motive1 ! fundam5tal intuition to :i* ! dramati/ is try+ to give te*nical expression4 ,moreov] 9 all ! inf9ite v>iety ( lit]>y art ! motive is ! same4 ,"o def9ite intuition is express$--t ( relation%ip2 relation betwe5 p]son & p]son1 relation betwe5 p]son & ma*9e1 relation betwe5 p]son & "s ev]-rul+ ,ord]1 be x ,fate1 ,*ance1 or ,god also p]sonal4 ,x is ! reality ( p]sonal int]-relation%ip t und]lies all lit]ature1 be x love-poem1 novel1 or "s drama ( ,fate 9 :i* p]sonal relation%ip is ov]%ad[$ by ! imp]sonal1 or at lea/ ! unsympa!tic2 or else x is ! "o-sid$ relation ( a p]son to a ?+1 z 9 descriptive sci5ce1 :i* has only ! beauty ( ord]4 ,b c we say t ! intuition :i* ! pictorial arti/ repres5ts is ! same z ?is8 ,h>dly1 unless ! picture tells a /ory2 & 9 s f> z x does ?is we feel t ! realm ( pictorial art is invad$ by an ali5 influ5ce4 ,x may at fir/ sight seem surpris+ t art %\ld n ga9 by ! introduction ( v>i\s intuitions ( relation2 t x does n1 z a rule1 is c]ta94 ,all ! arts ov]lap2 we %all see ! mo/ m>k$ example ( ?is :5 we come to consid] music & deal fur!r ) ?is po9t2 b intr9sically ea* is peculi> 9 its scope & me?od4 ,n[ x is wor? :ile to obs]ve t ! long+ ar\s$ by ! beauty ( lit]ature is r diff]5t f t induc$ by pictures4 ,x is less vague4 ,because lit]ature deals ) ! relation betwe5 p]sons our att5tion is direct$ t[>ds ! p]sons we "k--our long+s & aspirations rea* out consci\sly t[>ds !m & t[>ds ,god4 ,we ?9k ( p>ticul> p & our relation to !m4 ,our creative long+ is direct$ t[>ds !m1 9 active relation1 or t[>ds creative lit]>y "w ( :i*1 m or less consci\sly to ourselves !y are ! backgr\nd4 ,moreov] we always id5tify ourselves1 9 a great] or less degree1 ) "o or m ( ! protagoni/s ( ! /ory2 9 !m we suff]1 we love1 we adv5ture at second-h&4 ,?is ph5om5on ( id5tification1 closely alli$ z x is to day-dream+1 has ( late come mu* "u ! att5tion ( psy*oanaly/s "u ! title ( phantasy2 a t]m cov]+ all attempts to a*ieve ?r\gh ! imag9ation ! satisfaction d5i$ to u 9 actual life4 ,= our pres5t purpose ?is is only notewor?y z confirm+ ! tru? ( our obs]vation t 9 lit]>y creation1 :e!r at fir/ or second h&1 x is human relation--! relation ( ourselves & o!rs--t lies beh9d our intuition & its expression4 ,9 "s pictorial art ?is relation betwe5 p]sons1 ?is p]sonal t\*1 does n obta94 ,9 l&scape ! arti/'s intuition obvi\sly deals ) ! relation ( ?+s to m5--a relation mu* m onesid$4 ,correspond5t to ?is1 we f9d our intuition & our long+ f> m vague1 f> m dissatisfi$4 ,!re ne$s a high] k ( ,reality to und]/& h[ man has relation to ?+s4 ,! intuition ( ?is relation is g5]ally express$ ) f> less und]/&+4 ,human relations may intrude1 & we get ! /ory-picture & ! problem-picture4 ,moral relations may intrude1 & we get ! symbolic picture1 su* z ^? ( ,watts & ,blake4 ,drama1 my? & leg5d may intrude & we get ! ,ladies ( ,%allot1 ! ,l$as1 & ! ,calumnies ( ,apelles4 ,b pictorial art rea*es its highe/ plane 9 ! religi\s picture & ! portrait4 ,h we n1 "h1 ! intrusion ( ! /ory 9 ! fir/ case2 & 9 ! second h we n ! purely human relations betwe5 arti/ & sitt]8 ,i ?9k x is j to say t ! religi\s picture is n episodic4 ,x repres5ts :at1 = want ( a bett] ^w1 we h t]m$ a /atic intuition4 ,9 ! greate/ ,madonnas1 ev5 ^? ( ! beg9n+ ( ! decad5ce1 su* z ,raphael's1 all ! bir?-pangs1 all ! pa91 & all ! a*ievem5t ( life at its highe/ g to make up ! intuition ( ! arti/4 ,i v5ture to ?9k t 9 "o picture at lea/1 ! ,madonna ( ! ,magnificat1 ! arti/ ev5 h9ts subtly t he is express+ 9 an image ! :ole mean+ ( ! _w1 by di/ort+ 8 figures & modify+ 8 lights z !y w\ld be di/ort$ & modifi$ :5 reflect$ 9 a convex mirror4 is = all art1 b ! fact is n evid5t to him :o only glances4 ,! arti/'s intuition mu/ be und]/ood1 by a m9d t foll[s x creatively2 ev5 if its creation be at times ov]-+5i\s4 ,! religi\s picture1 no d\bt1 c\ld n h be5 pa9t$ b = ! hi/oric episode :i* x repres5ts4 ,b !re is a /rong presumption t x does n owe its intuition to "o episode1 nor ev5 to ! :ole hi/ory ( a life2 ?\gh a ,crucifixion1 an ,entombm5t1 & inde$ a ,madonna1 w\ld only be intelligible 9 _! fulness to "o :o knew ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,x is ! relation ( a :ole ,life1 ,div9e yet ,human1 to ! life ( ea* "o ( u t lies at ! bottom ( ! arti/'s vision4 ,only a great ,*ri/ian c pa9t a great ,madonna1 h[ev] s9-/a9$ he may be4 ,magdal5e1 :o lov$ mu*1 c\ld see deep] ?an je/+ ,pilate1 deep] ?an ! self-righte\s ,ph>isee4 ,!re is "h no intrusion ( an ali5 elem5t2 a vision ( ,reality is repres5t$ 9 "o m$ium4 ,! episode no d\bt is !re1 b x is incid5tal1 & does n con/itute ! vision4 ,episode is always !re1 ev5 9 a l&scape2 ! "q is :e!r ! appeal--! orig9al intuition--is episodic or univ]sal4 ,b no d\bt ! human relation is emphasis$2 & 9 ?is respect we h mov$ f> away f l&scape4 ,! relation ( man to inanimate nature is h[ev] includ$ & int]pret$ 9 ! arti/'s vision4 ,i ?9k t ! half-consci\s p]ception ( ?is lies beh9d ! frequ5t introduction ( l&scape 9 su* pictures4 ,x may be said t ^! simply help to complete ! composition1 b to say ?is is to beg ! "q4 ,:y d !y complete ! composition8 ,:y d !y satisfy u8 ,is x n t !y =m an intr9sic "p ( ! arti/'s intuition2 t 9 ! h>mony ( figures & l&scape he symbolises1 & we aft] him1 ! univ]sal h>mony :i* he has se58 ,9 a portrait1 too1 we read n only ! relation betwe5 sitt] & arti/1 :i* mu/ be a relation ( deep sympa?y & und]/&+ if ! portrait is to be any?+ b an imitation1 b also ! relation ( ! sitt] to all ! ev5ts ( 8 life4 ,?9k ( ,raeburn's portrait ( ,james ,w>drop4 ,! /r5g?1 ! k9dl9ess1 ! rugg$ purpose1 ! hum\r ) :i* ! old man fac$ 8 life all ?r\gh are !re4 ,x is ! face ( a man :o has f\ght & won1 & 9 fight+ & w9n+ has le>n$ mu* wisdom4 ,?9k ( ,giorgione's ,portrait ( a ,g5tleman1 ) its weal? ( ref9em5t2 ) its conviction t 8mann]s maky? man10 su/a9$ ) g5tl5ess already _m times :5 c\rtesy & calm 7 n easy4 ,yet "h too !re is no repres5tation ( episode4 ,! pa9t]'s art is fai?ful to itself & all[s no ali5 intrusion4 ,! h>mony1 ! unity ( a man's life1 comp\nd$ ?\gh t life be ( sequ5t episodes1 makes ! arti/'s intuition4 ,hi/ory has become philosophy4 ,an absolute ?+1 an aspect ( ,reality1 is pres5t$1 & we feel someh[ t x is n set aga9/ ! _w b includes ! _w4 ,! same k9d ( ?+ may be said ( lapid>y art1 & we w n dwell on x 9 detail4 ,! sculptor sees beauty 9 ! human or animal =m & 9 ?ree dim5sional repres5tation g5]alises f x1 :e!r 8 "w repres5t an individual or an ideal2 = ! individual is us$ to express an ideal1 ! ideal is localis$ 9 an individual4 ,! problem ( ! ar*itect is some:at diff]5t1 be+ on ! !oretic side ! attempt to portray 9 ?ree dim5sions t :i* ! design] ( geometric patt]ns expresses 9 two--rhy?m & ord]2 multiplicity t e/abli%es a unity2 unity t int]prets a multiplicity4 ,b "h1 m ?an 9 o!r arts1 ! practical has to be kept 9 m9d1 & a h>mony pres]v$ betwe5 ! economic & ! !oretic activities4 ,g5]ally "o or o!r pr$om9ates1 no "o cle> idea is express$1 & 9 consequ5ce1 mu* mod]n ar*itecture1 especially dome/ic & civic ar*itecture1 is unpleas+4 ,to build a h\se is h>d] ?an to pa9t a picture1 because m5 h to live 9 a h\se2 & 9 a cont5tion betwe5 two ideas ! arti/ic side is ov]balanc$ by ! practical4 ,moreov] ! idea ( relation%ip is comp>atively subord9ate "h j because two ideas are set ov] aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,! relation%ip ( a ?+ to a man is 9 view4 ,! aim is prim>ily economic1 & beauty takes a second place because ! intuition ( h>mony is vague & its expression imp]fect4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a h\se is built1 z "s ,tudor & ,georgian h\ses 71 ) an eye to simple proportion :i* mu/ n be violat$1 b o!rwise ) ! realisation t x _h to be liv$ 91 & t x mu/ be design$ solely ) ?is end 9 view1 ! result is em95tly pleas+4 ,!re is no falsity1 no attempt to m+le irreconcileables1 no /riv+ aft] a beauty t _c be a*iev$ because x is )\t mean+ 9 su* a connection4 ,we may n[ turn to music1 9 "s ways ! mo/ difficult ( all4 ,beg9n+ ) ! evolution>y aspect1 z ) l+ui/ic art we f9d its orig9 9 ! relation ( bea/s to ea* o!r & to ! _w4 ,! mat+-call1 ! croon+ ( passion & ( satisfi$ well-be+1 ! w>n+ ( dang]1 ! hunt+ call1 ! s\nd ( ! w9d1 ! sea1 ! riv]1 ! 8go+ 9 ! tops ( ! trees10 provide ! gr\nd-"w ( bo?1 express+ ! relation ( bea/ to bea/1 & bea/ to ?+4 ,b1 z we h se51 su* calls1 su* s\nds1 & ! language to :i* !y give rise1 are episodic4 ,! s5se ( unity & endurance is lo/4 ,j z1 ov] aga9/ ! visual symbols ( episode :i* con/itute ! beg9n+s ( lit]ature we f9d ! visual symbols ( unity & /atic endurance :i* *>act]ise pictorial art1 s too we f9d ! auditory symbols ( episode t make spee*1 & ! auditory symbols ( unity t make music4 ,we saw t1 to pres]ve ! episode ( spee*1 visual symbolism is ev5tually call$ 94 ,ev5 to-day ! untra9$ read] has to =m ! s\nd ) 8 lips z he reads2 = ! m exp]t ! visual symbol def9itely repres5ts ! s\nd3 ! writt5 symbols h _! own timbre4 ,s too ) music4 ,to pres]ve ! unity f be+ lo/1 x comes at la/ to be symbolis$ visually1 & !re are _m :o c he> ! music z !y read ! score4 ,bo? ! lett] on ! page & ! notes on ! /ave are symbols ( ! second degree--symbols ( symbols--= :at !y symbolise is 9 itself ! symbol ( ! arti/'s intuition ( a unity 9 multiplicity4 ,?is 9 p>5!sis4 ,we h said t 9 purely episodic s\nd su* z ! dang]-call & ! mat+-call ! s5se ( unity is abs5t4 ,d\btless no call is really & :olly episodic1 9 man at any rate1 b x _c be que/ion$ t ! episode is pr$om9ant4 ,! s5se ( relation is transi5t2 ! economic ne$ is all important4 ,b ! !oretic activity _c be left out ( acc\nt = long4 ,! man ( to-day1 :5 he feels 8 :ole be+ 9 h>mony1 8 body t+l+ f ! cold ba?1 s+s lu/ily4 ,:5 we are well & *e]ful we s+4 ,s too :5 a bird is well & *e]ful1 ) all 8 bodily ne$s satisfi$ or soon to be satisfi$--s readily satisfi$ z to be !mselves a pleasure ( anticipation--he s+s4 ,no d\bt ! cave-"m sang to h] baby 9 quiet murmurs2 no d\bt ! cave-fa!r humm$ z he loll$ 9 ! cave-m\? aft] d9n]1 idly b9d+ an arr[-head ^u ! %aft4 ,someh[1 9 a rhy?mic sequ5ce ( s\nd ! satisfaction ( a body 9 h>moni\s rhy?m ) itself & its surr\nd+s is express$4 ,!n1 we may imag9e1 ! s+] becomes aw>e ( 8 song1 & beg9s to ?9k ab\t x4 ,! beauty ( ! song z a :ole1 ! beauty ( a sequ5ce 9 s\nd t makes a unity1 is consci\sly p]ceiv$1 & a new art dawns4 ,x is an art v simil> to t ( ! design] ( geometric patt]ns4 ,unity is e/abli%$ ?r\gh inf9ite multiplicity ( details1 9 =m+ no "o ( :i* is ! unity =gott54 ,! music mirrors an intuition ( h>mony 9 a ,reality t owes its unity to its multiplicity & its multiplicity to its unity2 a ,reality t is bas$ on relation%ip ( p>ts4 ,9 music1 !n1 we f9d rhy?m1 ord]1 sequ5ce4 ,x is bo? episodic & /atic1 ?\gh episode & unity are 9 symbolic =m4 ,9 ! individual sequ5ces1 ! int]nal multiplicity1 ! episode is giv52 9 ! :ole1 ! unity ( ,reality1 ! /atic1 or bett]1 ! absolute elem5t4 ,because 9 good music ^! two aspects mu/ ( necessity be p]fectly balanc$1 music c r\se ! ke5e/1 highe/ s5se ( beauty 9 a great] degree ?an any o!r ( ! arts4 ,b (t5 music falls %ort ( ?is4 ,m5delssohn = in/ance1 too (t5 sacrifices ev]y?+ to prett9ess4 ,! individual sequ5ces are trivial & empty4 ,multiplicity ( episode is lo/ sight ( 9 a r petty unity2 ! two are n balanc$4 ,! f\r? s\nd is simply a f\r? note1 n a />4 ,n only is ! intuition limit$1 b ! balance is n pres]v$ betwe5 ! notes & ! :ole 9 its expression4 ,ba* owes 8 pre-em95ce to ! p]fect balance betwe5 att5tion to detail$ sequ5ce & expression ( a great intuition4 ,future musicians may see fur!r ?an he did1 b unless !y c a*ieve 8 p]fect balance !y w fail to express :at !y see1 & 9 s f> z !y fail !y w be rew>d$ ) ugl9ess4 ,! music-hall tune has b a v paltry vision to express2 g5]ally ! relation%ip x portrays is "o ( vulg> intrigue or animal desire1 at be/ "o ( elem5t>y aspiration2 & its notes h a purely subord9ate & utilit>ian rle4 ,if x is pretty or +5i\s x has got f> beyond ! av]age4 ,g5]ally1 moreov]1 x is con/ra9$ by consid]ations ali5 to music4 ,! words are writt51 & ! tune has to illu/rate !m4 ,9 ?is x diff]s f folk-tunes1 :]e words & music gr[ toge!r1 ea* %ap+1 m\ld+1 modify+ ! o!r1 till ! song is "o ?+4 ,?is br+s u back to a "q :i* we h sev]al times t\*$ ^u1 & z (t5 %elv$--! "q ( ! ov]lapp+ ( diff]5t arts4 ,op]a1 oratorio1 & ballet give u excell5t examples1 & f !m we w draw ! mat]ial ( our brief discussion4 ,9 ,op]a we h drama1 episode express$ 9 language1 set 9 a m or less accordant sc5e ) hi/rionic accompanim5t1 & wov5 9 ) a musical int]pretation4 ,9 ,oratorio we h ! same ?+ )\t ! sc5]y & ! hi/rionics4 ,9 ,ballet--& ( ?is art ! ,russian ,ballet is especially 9 my m9d--we h ! drama1 ! sc5e1 ! hi/rionic accompanim5t 9 *oregraphic =m1 & ! music4 ,let u take ,op]a fir/4 ,!re are two appeals to ! e> & two to ! eye4 ,! music & ! words2 ! act+ & ! sc5]y4 ,! sc5]y1 if subdu$ & p]fectly 9 accord ) ! action1 does n mu* di/ract ! att5tion1 = x is purely a pictorial sett+4 ,nev]!less a s5se is gr[+ t 9 drama x ought to be s mu* subord9at$ t x does n di/ract ! att5tion at all1 be+ conf9$ to a few patt]ns t help 9 our und]/&+ ( ! motive1 or to simple drap]ies4 ,z f> z ,i am aw>e ?is has n yet be5 attempt$ 9 op]a#db1 b op]a is su* a jumble ( incongruities t x c nev] be an arti/ic :ole1 mu* z we may rejoice 9 individual p>ts ( x4 ,! words1 h[ev]1 d con/ra9 ! music 9 a mann] ?or\ghly unju/ifiable3 8,9 compos+ an op]a ! /age %\ld be ! musician's fir/ ?\ght1 he mu/ n abuse ! confid5ce ( ! !atre-go] :o comes to see z well z to he>4444 ,! /age (t5 p>alyses a compos]'s inspiration1 t is :y symphonic & *amb] music are s f> sup]ior to op]a4 ,a symphony or a sonata imposes no limitations1 b 9 op]a1 ! fir/ necessity is to speak ! musical language ( ! great public#dc40 ,moreov] ! action & ! music are s incompatible t we are =c$ to leave our s5se ( hum\r outside ! !atre door4 ,:5 ! h]o expla9s = t5 m9utes t ! h]o9e is 9 acute dang] & t !re=e he mu/ hurry away2 :5 ,tri/an & ,isolde s+ _! passion ) complete deta*m5t = m ?an half an h\r2 we _c feel t ! action helps ! music or ! music ! action4 ,9 ,oratorio1 s9ce action is abs5t1 we feel ?is p>ticul> incongruity less1 = we manage m5tally to elim9ate "t2 b few w be f\nd to def5d ! oratorio z a =m ( ae/hetic expression4 ,x is ! an!m prolong$ into a 8useless ,alex&r9e10 8:i* l a w\nd$ snake drags its sl[ l5g? along40 ,! fatal fact ab\t op]a & oratorio is t ! music is con/ra9$ to d some?+ t is ali5 to itself4 ,x is int]pretive ( episode1 & ! episode =ces x into %ape4 ,x is n free4 ,?is is ! root tr\ble always :5 two arts ov]lap4 ,art mu/ be completely free to express its intuition te*nically1 subject only to ! inevitable re/rictions ( ! te*nique prop] to x4 ,f ^! re/rictions x ev5 ga9s1 s9ce ! l9es ( simplification are to "s ext5t det]m9$1 & ?is v det]m9ation helps ! arti/ t[>ds cle> expression ( a cle> intuition4 ,x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be absurd to say t music does n express def9ite intuitions t are expressible ?r\gh o!r m$ia z well4 8,i d n 9 ! lea/ agree ) y t music _c int]pret ! univ]sal nature ( love10 writes ,t*aikovsky to ,nadejda von ,meck4 8,on ! contr>y1 ,i ?9k only music is capable ( do+ s4 ,y say words are necess>y4 ,o no6 ,?is is j :]e words are n ne$$1 & :]e !y h no p[]2 a m eloqu5t language comes 91 :i* is music4 ,look at ! poetical =ms to :i* poets h rec\rse 9 ord] to s+ ( love2 !y simply usurp ! sph]es :i* belong insep>ably to music4 ,words clo!d 9 poetical =ms cease to be m]e words2 !y become p>tly music#dd40 ,b if !re is a re/riction ali5 to ! art & impos$ f )\t1 :i* prev5ts full expression 9 t m$ium1 ! result is b\nd to be m or less a failure4 ,! dramatic episode & ! v]bal =m 9 op]a con/itute su* a re/riction1 introduc+ a ve9 ( unreality t is fatal to ae/hetic expression4 ,9 oratorio1 :]e ! words dem& a repres5tation !y d n get1 & :]e yet ! music is b\nd by ! words1 we feel ! same ?+4 ,ev5 to take a poem & set x to music is almo/ b\nd to lead to ae/hetic disappo9tm5t4 ,! intuition ( ! arti/ is n s+le nor free4 ,! writ] ( ! melody may recreate ! intuition ( ! poet1 he may try to express ! same intuition 9 8 sett+1 b ! sett+ is none ! less con/ra9$ by ! words4 ,! musician is n at lib]ty to =m "o cle> intuition & give x free play#de4 ,! =m ( ! expression is already fix$ 9 "p1 & ! k ( ?is fixation =ms a second intuition :i* g5]ally obscures & confuses ! ma9 "o4 ,moreov] bo? expressions appeal to ! same s5se1 t ( he>+1 & ?is1 app>5tly1 produces great] confusion1 m lack ( cl>ity1 9 ! auditor4 ,! same fact acc\nts = ! unsatisfactor9ess ( music :i* moves out ( its prop] sph]e & endeav\rs to tell a def9ite /ory or pa9t a def9ite sc5e4 ,! #ahab ,ov]ture1 f9e ?\gh x is1 c nev] be said to be pre-em95t z music2 nor c ,haydn's ,creation1 nor any ( ! music t1 int5tionally or un9t5tionally1 is n s+le-he>t$1 b calls up visual images z well z dep5d+ on !m4 ,?is /atem5t does n con/itute an indictm5t ( programme-music4 ,! ,adagio ( ,bee?ov5's ,f\r? ,symphony _c be ?us lightly dismiss$#df4 ,9 ,t*aikovsky's introspective lett]s we f9d mo/ int]e/+ acc\nts ( ! inspiration f :i* he work$1 & an eloqu5t def5ce ( programme-music 9 g5]al1 & 8 own ,f\r? ,symphony 9 p>ticul>#dg4 ,to ,n4 ,f4 von ,meck he writes#dh3 8,l>o*e is entirely oppos$ to a programme4 ,he ?9ks ! compos] %\ld leave ! he>] to int]pret ! mean+ ( ! "w z he pleases2 t ! programme limits 8 fre$om2 t music is incapable ( express+ ! concrete ph5om5a ( ! physical & m5tal _w4444 ,if y c>e to he> my op9ion on ! subject1 ,i w give x 9 a few words4444 ,i ?9k ! inspiration ( a symphonic "w c be ( two k9ds3 subjective or objective4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance x expresses ! p]sonal emotion ( joy or sorr[1 z :5 a lyric poet lets 8 s\l fl[ out 9 v]se4 ,"h a programme is n only unnecess>y1 b impossible4 ,x is v diff]5t :5 ! compos]'s inspiration is /irr$ by ! p]usal ( "s poem1 or by ! sight ( a f9e l&scape1 & he endeav\rs to express 8 impressions 9 musical =ms4 ,9 ?is case a programme is indisp5sable4444 ,to my m9d1 bo? k9ds ( music h _! raison d'tre1 & ,i _c und]/& ^? :o w only admit "o ( ^! /yles4 ,( c\rse e subject is n equally suitable = a symphony1 any m ?an = an op]a2 b1 all ! same1 programme-music c & mu/ exi/4 ,:o w\ld insi/1 9 lit]ature1 ^u ignor+ ! epic & admitt+ only ! lyric elem5t80 ,t*aikovsky seems to me to ignore ! deepe/ side ( music1 h[ev]2 t intuition ( an ord]$1 univ]sal h>mony :i* gives to ,ba* 8 pre-em95ce4 ,programme-music1 !n1 is n necess>ily limit$ to any great ext5t by t :i* x repres5ts1 provid$ ! repres5tation is suffici5tly g5]alis$ to all[ ! music free scope4 ,b x is always 9 dang] ( los+ t\* ) ! univ]sal 9 ov]-emphasis ( ! p>ticul>1 becom+ con/ra9$ by its subject4 ,moreov] x loses some?+ ( ! fre$om1 & indep5d5ce ( ph5om5al exi/5ce1 :i* is ! peculi> privilege ( music & its unique pr]ogative among ! arts1 tak+ on some?+ t belongs to pa9t+ or language4 ,9 s f> z ! wrong te*nical m$ium is us$1 j s f> ae/hetic expression fails4 ,^! /rictures d n app>5tly apply1 at any rate 9 ! same degree1 :]e two m$ia appeal+ to two diff]5t s5ses are us$ simultane\sly4 ,we are accu/om$ to correlate sight & he>+ & to =m ?r\gh !m a s+le intuition4 ,?is may expla9 ! extraord9>y satisfy+ness ( ! ,russian ,ballet1 9 spite ( its frequ5t artificiality & ! p]v]t$ !mes & imag]y t pass unnotic$ by ! m heal?y-m9d$ public ( ,engl&4 ,! episodic side1 made rhy?mical & ord]$ 9 its *oregraphic pres5tation1 p>allels1 b does n con/ra9 9 any great degree1 ! musical side4 ,9 ,les ,sylphides especially ! same intuition is express$ 9 two m$ia4 ,! *oregraphic arti/ has /udi$ & foll[$ out ! intuition ( ,*op91 & has express$ x 9 a diff]5t m$ium4 ,b music & danc+ h mu* gr\nd 9 common1 & consequ5tly bo? are capable ( s]v+ z ! te*nical m$ium = "o or ! same intuition4 ,!re=e ,les ,sylphides#di is m ( an arti/ic :ole ?an almo/ any o!r comp\nd ae/hetic expression4 ,art mu/ be free1 & if x use two m$ia1 bo? mu/ express ! same intuition--?is is ! root ( ! matt]4 ,y may appeal simultane\sly to two s5ses1 b y mu/ d s 9 ! m$ium prop] to ea* s5se & ! intuition mu/ be capable ( expression 9 ^? m$ia4 ,to appeal to "o s5se ?r\gh ! m$ium prop] to ano!r is to c\rt disa/]4 ,we see t ?is mu/ be s if1 z is ! case1 ! ae/hetic intuition has to be f\nd$ on ! p>ticul> be=e x c move out to discov] ! univ]sal2 & ! p>ticul> _c be fai?fully repres5t$ if ! repres5tation is n z cle>-cut z ! intuition & ! reality intuit$4 ,art mu/ be free1 = x is ! intuition ( a relation free on "o side at lea/1 & n f9ally satisfi$ till x f9ds re/ 9 mutuality1 love1 free on bo? sides4 ,x is ! expression ( our gr[+ und]/&+ ( ! mean+ ( ,reality4 ,no d\bt music1 l all o!r arts1 has be5 trans=m$ f its orig9al "*4 ,x is no long] imitative1 ?\gh x may h be5 fir/ r\s$ by imitative attempts2 x is no long] dep5d5t on ! h>mony ( bodily well-be+1 ?\gh x may fir/ h express$ su* h>mony4 ,9 x _s calls to _s1 no long] body to body4 ,b ?is ne$ n surprise u4 ,! f\ndations contribute no?+ to ! beauty ( a build+1 ?\gh ^u !m ! build+ is re>$4 ,all t is greate/ 9 man _h a v humble beg9n+4 ,ev5 8 limbs & lungs _h a plebeian ance/ry4 ,we h said no?+ ( ! ae/hetic problem ( simple tone & col\r4 ,?\gh ,plato1 & ev5 ,hegel1 discuss$ ^!1 x is g5]ally accept$ to-day t !y d n 9 fact exi/ 9 isolation f o!r sugge/ions4 ,!y always d]ive a value f _! sugge/$ relations & _c be conceiv$ ap>t f ^!4 ,su* ae/hetic value z cle> tones & col\rs h is due to ! fact t ! elem5ts !y sugge/ & imply are few1 l a sunset sky1 & !re=e !y d n dem& any great degree ( elim9ation 9 ! m9d ( ! obs]v]4 ,nei!r h we dealt ) ! problem ( ! relative importance ( col\r & =m1 except implicitly4 ,! ess5tial factor "h is1 ( c\rse1 t col\r does n exi/ p] se4 ,y _c isolate a ?+ f its col\r1 9 ae/hetic intuition4 ,to beg9 )1 col\r is ! basis ( visual p]ception1 = ! light by means ( :i* ! eye p]ceives an object mu/ be ( "s def9ite s]ies ( wave-l5g?s ( c]ta9 amplitudes balanc$ aga9/ "o ano!r 9 "s def9ite mann] ?r\gh ! selective absorption ( t object1 & wave-l5g? is ! physical basis ( col\r4 ,!n1 secondly1 col\r belongs to1 & is an integral "p ( =m4 ,=m is n m]e %ape2 x is det]m9$ by tone 7or wave-amplitude7 & col\r 7or wave-frequ5cy7 z well z by outl9e2 & ^! are ess5tial factors 9 ! unity & ord] ( ! :ole1 & s are ess5tial factors ( ! intuition4 ,:at we h said1 !n1 ( symmetry & geometric =m1 & ( cle>ness ( expression1 toge!r ) :at we h said ( ! elim9ation t is involv$ 9 ae/hetic intuition1 really cov]s ! problem4 ,toge!r1 yet ea* 9 its own way1 col\r & =m ar\se 9 u ! s5se ( unity & appeal to u z be+ 9 h>mony ) ! intuition d]iv$ f o!r p>ticul>s2 t 9 ! _w1 "u all its app>5t multiplicity1 !re subsi/s a unity :i* relates all ?+s toge!r4 ,,cambridge3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,peace1 ,m4,a41 ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,bosanquet1 ,hi/4 ,ae/h4 p4 #ah4 #b ,ibid4 p4 #adh4 #c ,g4 ,vico1 ,sci5za nuova seconda1 ,elem5ti liii1 quot$ 9 ,croce's ,ae/hetic4 #d ,bosanquet1 ,hi/4 ,ae/h4 p4 #bfg1 seq4 #e ,croce1 ,ae/hetic1 trs4 ,a9slie1 p4 #cjc4 #f ,wildon ,c>r1 ,! ,philosophy ( ,croce1 p4 #ig4 #g ,! cle>e/ summ>y ( ,croce's position is to be f\nd 9 ! brief ?ird section ( ! fir/ "p ( 8 ,philosophy ( ! ,practical4 ,pr(4 ,wildon ,c>r also has giv5 a v cle> acc\nt ( ,croce's philosophy z a :ole 9 8 book on ,! ,philosophy ( ,b5$etto ,croce4 #h ,philosophy ( ! ,practical1 p4 #eia4 #i ,philosophy ( ! ,practical1 pp4 #beh-bfa4 #aj ,?is is n to condemn programme music altoge!r1 = mu* ( ! be/ programme music does n attempt to pa9t a sc5e 9 su* a way z to call up visual images4 ,vide infra4 #aa ,cf4 ! "w ( ! psy*oanalytic s*ool1 especially ,jung's ,psy*ology ( ! ,unconsci\s & ,riv]s' ,dreams & ,primitive ,culture4 #ab ,lyly's ,campaspe4 #ac ,g4 ,macdonald1 ,phanta/es4 #ad ,evolution & ,spiritual ,life & ,evolution & ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 #ae ,evolution & ,spiritual ,life4 #af ,opp4 citt4 passim4 #ag ,evolution & ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 #ah ,i make no apology = n ent]+ "h on any discussion ( h[ ,god c be ,love4 ,i h endeav\r$ to (f] sugge/ions on ?is matt] 9 my e>li] books1 & especially 9 ,evolution & ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 #ai ,evolution & ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 *4 ,,iii4 #bj ,evolution & ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 *4 ,,iii4 #ba ,ibid4 ,see also ,/rong1 ,! ,orig9 ( ,consci\sness4 #bb ,bosanquet1 ,hi/ory ( ,ae/hetic1 p4 #cg4 #bc ,mc,dowall1 opp4 citt4 #bd ,evolution & ,spiritual ,life4 #be ,evolution & ,spiritual ,life1 *4 ,,vi1 & ,evolution & ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 *4 ,,vi4 #bf ,croce1 ,logic1 p4 #bgi4 #bg ,ibid4 p4 #caj4 #bh ,croce1 ,logic1 pp4 #cbd-cbe4 #bi ,mc,dowall1 opp4 citt4 #cj ,! ,psy*ology ( ! ,unconsci\s4 #ca ,dreams & ,primitive ,culture4 #cb ,= ! exact s5se 9 :i* ^! words are us$1 & = _! implications 9 reg>d to ,god's creative activity1 see ,evolution & ! ,ne$ ( ,atonem5t4 #cc ,a ^w may be said conc]n+ ! p]sonal relation%ip ( fe> & hate4 ,"h 9 self-def5ce ! #8o!r' is n reg>d$ z 9 p]sonal relation to ! p]son ?reat5$1 at all ev5ts 9 e>ly /ages ( developm5t2 he is z ext]nal z a flood or a precipice4 ,nev]!less 9 fe> & hate1 :5 !y h rea*$ a high /age ( developm5t1 !re is a feel+ ( p]sonal relation4 ,b only 9 "o s5se c ?is relation be t]m$ p]sonal2 ! #8o!r' is recognis$ z a p]son1 b 9 conc5trat+ our att5tion on ! ?+s 9 him we fe> & hate we conc5trate x on 8 #8o!rness'--on 8 lack ( any b an ext]nal relation to u4 ,!re is no?+ reciprocal2 we refuse to give or receive4 ,x is ?is ext]nality ( relation t makes hate & fe> s poignant & s bitt]4 #cd ,cf4 ,evolution & ! ,ne$ ( ,atonem5t1 *4 ,,iv4 et passim4 #ce ,mc,dowall1 opp4 citt4 passim4 #cf ,= detail$ consid]ation ( ! nature ( evolution>y process 9 mat]ial conditions ref]5ce may be made to my e>li] works1 to :i* ! pres5t essay con/itutes a po/script4 #cg ,ev5 ?\gh !re may be a mat+-call4 #ch ,i believe t ,i am "r 9 say+ t x is n until ! ,neoli?ic p]iod t human 7female7 images are f\nd1 & "s ( ^! are probably div9ities1 ?\gh ,dr ,a4 ,c4 ,haddon in=ms me t !re are ,neoli?ic pa9t+s ( human be+s on rocks 9 ,spa9 :i* presumably d n repres5t div9ities4 #ci ,really1 geometric art seems to h aris5 ne>ly contemporane\sly ) repres5tative art1 = patt]ns ( consid]able complexity & symmetry are f\nd 9 ! lat] palaeoli?ic p]iod4 #dj ,?\gh ! repres5tation ( an eye is frequ5tly includ$ 9 ! patt]n z a c\nt]-*>m1 & inde$ _m ( ! patt]ns may orig9ally h _h a magical significance1 ?\gh mo/ seem to be m]ely inspir$ by wov5 basket-"w & ! l4 #da ,fra ,lippo ,lippi4 #db ,i und]/& t ,purcell's ,fairy ,que5 has j be5 play$ at ,cambridge ) drap$ sc5es only4 #dc ,t*aikovsky1 lett] to ,n4 ,f4 von ,meck1 ,nov4 #bg?1 #ahgi4 #dd ,t*aikovsky1 lett] to ,n4 ,f4 von ,meck1 ,feb4 #i?1 #ahgh4 #de ,t*aikovsky's lett]s to ,n4 ,f4 von ,meck give an int]e/+ insight into ! process by :i* ! intuition comes to ! compos]1 & 8 me?od ( work+ x out4 ,see especially ! lett]s ( ,feb4 #ag?1 ,m>* #e?1 & ,june #bd?1 #ahgh4 #df ,if "o c say t x has a programme & n simply an inspiration4 #dg ,lett] to ,taneiev1 ,m>* #bg?1 #ahgh4 #dh ,dec4 #e?1 #ahgh4 #di ,petr\*ka is said to be equally homog5e\s1 b ,i h n se5 x1 & ,c>naval approa*es ?is level4