,,ma/]pieces ,,9 ,,col\r    ,,edit$ ,,by
 ,t4 ,,leman ,,h>e              ,,holbe9
      ,,plate ,i4--,,george ,,gisze4    
,frontispiece    7,9 ! ,royal ,museum1  
,b]l97        ,?is picture ( a lead+    
m]*ant ( ! ,/eely>d 0 pa9t$ 9           
#aecb1 & con/itut$ ! arti/'s successful 
attempt to capture      ! patronage ( "o
 ( ! weal?ie/ m]*ant communities 9 !    
_w4 ,t ! patronage 0 =?com+ quickly is  
sugge/$      by ! picture ( ano!r m]*ant
 ( ! ,/eely>d dat$ !      same ye>1 & n[
 9 ! ,w9dsor collection4    ,illu/ration
          ,,holbe9    ,,by ,s4 ,l4      
,,b5susan    ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,eight    
,,reproductions ,,9 ,,col\r             
,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,sempit]num4         
,,london4 ,t4 ,c4  ,e4 ,c4 ,,jack       
,,new ,,york3 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes     
,,co4          ,,cont5ts                
,page         ,i4 ,introduction         
#aa      ,,ii4 ,! ,arti/'s ,life        
#bi     ,,iii4 ,holbe9 9 ,engl&         
#ea          ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations   
,plate                                  

,page         ,i4 ,george ,gisze        
,frontispiece          ,9 ! ,royal      
,museum1 ,b]l9          ,,ii4 ,!        
,ambassadors                            
#ad          ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1    
,london       ,,iii4 ,portrait ( a ,man 
#bd          ,9 ! ,imp]ial ,gall]y1     
,vi5na        ,,iv4 ,jane ,seym\r       
#cd          ,9 ! ,imp]ial ,gall]y1     
,vi5na         ,v4 ,anne ( ,cleves      
#dj          ,9 ! ,l\vre        ,,vi4   
,erasmus                                
#ej          ,9 ! ,l\vre       ,,vii4   
,sir ,ri*>d ,s\?well                    
#fj          ,9 ! ,uffizi ,gall]y1      
,flor5ce      ,,viii4 ,sir ,h5ry ,wyatt 
#gj          ,9 ! ,l\vre                
,illu/ration          ,i                
,,introduction      ,hans ,holbe9 !     
y\ng] is p]haps ! mo/ out/&+ figure 9 ! 
hi/ory ( ,g]man art4 ,9 ! eyes ( "s he  
may yield place to 8  great contempor>y 
,alb]t ,dr]1 b x is impossible to d5y t 
=  all 8 indisputable g5ius ,dr] /ood = 
a "t t 0 pass+1  & ,holbe9 = "o t 0 to  

come4 ,! y\ng] man t\*$ art at  e po9t1 
n[h]e )\t ma/]y2 & :e!r we consid] him z
 a  draughtsman1 a decorator1 a pa9t] ( 
frescoes1 a portrait pa9t]1 an          
ar*itect1 a modell]1 a design] (        
jewell]y1 a book illu/rator1 or a       
m9iaturi/1 we f9d ourselves face to face
 ) su* an extraord9>y  measure (        
a*ievem5t1 t ! claim to remembrance &   
admiration  c\ld be su/a9$ if 8 art gift
 _h be5 s+le in/ead ( univ]sal4         
,,plate ,,ii4--,,! ,,ambassadors    7,9 
! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london7           
,?is picture1 pa9t$ by ,holbe9 :5 he 0  
at ! z5i? ( 8      p[]s1 is well kn[n to
 visitors to our ,national ,gall]y4 ,!  
figures h be5 id5tifi$ by "s au?orities 
z ,jean de      ,d9teville & ,george de 
,selve1 "o 0 ! ,fr5* ,ambassador      to
 ,k+ ,h5ry's ,c\rt1 ! o!r a great s*ol> 
:o also s]v$      diplomacy4 ,bo? di$   
"y4 ,! picture has r\s$ controv]sy1     
z c]ta9 writ]s are ( op9ion t ! subjects
 are ,h5ry      & ,philip1 ,c\nts       
,palat9e ( ! ,rh9e4    ,illu/ration     

,"s m5 are e*oes ( _! own "t4           
,circum/ance has made !m :at  !y are2 _!
 "w1 h[ev] greatly x may please _!      
g5]ation1  does no?+ to probe ! future1 
to indicate ! direction t ?\ght  or ta/e
 w foll[1 nor does x set an example = ^?
 :o are to  come4 ,hans ,holbe9 ! y\ng] 
is ( ! small] & m di/+ui%$  class t     
accepts tradition j s f> z x is useful  
or indisp5sable1  & c face ! problems ( 
*ang+ seasons & new ?\ght ) p]fect      
confid5ce & un]r+ in/9ct1 f9d+ no t]ror 
9 *ange4 ,8 fa!r  0 an arti/1 & ?is fact
 w\ld seem to h m>k$ out 8 pa?  9 life4 
,b1 consid]+ ! "w he did1 9 its ext5t & 
quality1  we h e reason to believe t !  
arti/ 0 born to succe$1  & t _h he be5  
an eng9e]1 a g5]al1 or a /atesman1 he   
w\ld  h left ! same indelible m>k ^u 8  
g5]ation1 & w\ld h  be5 rememb]$ )      
gratitude & admiration by ^? :o came    
aft]  him4 ,= he 0 ! /rong man arm$ at  
all po9ts1 :o *ose to be an  arti/1 ?\gh
 _m ano!r pa? be=e him w\ld h l$ to     
fame4    ,x is n difficult1 if "o has a 

c]ta9 measure ( tal5t1 to impose  ^u    
"o's contempor>ies4 ,criticism is seldom
 exhau/ive or f9al  until "t has tak5   
its /& betwe5 man & 8 lab\rs1 adju/+  ! 
e>li] p]spective t is seldom correct &  
nev] exact1 b )  ,holbe9 ! case 0       
diff]5t4 ,8 g5]ation recognis$ a g5ius  
to  :i* we pay tribute aft] #cej ye>s h 
pass$ away4    ,i c\ld make six pe]s out
 ( six pl\ghm51 said ,h5ry ,,viii41 :o  
0 no mean judge2 b out ( six pe]s ,i    
c\ld n make "o ,holbe94    ,we :o come  
to pay our tribute ( admiration s long  
aft] op9ion1  good or bad1 has ceas$ to 
conc]n ! arti/1 are at no small         
disadvantage4 ,we c le>n little or no?+ 
ab\t ! p]sonal details  ( 8 life2 ! ye> 
( 8 bir? & ev5 ! place are 9 dispute1   
:ile betwe5 ! v>i\s au?orities :o deal )
 ! date ( 8 dea?  !re is a diff]5ce ( no
 less ?an twelve ye>s1 al?\gh ! balance 
( evid5ce is greatly 9 fav\r ( ! e>li]  
date & %ort] life4  ,moreov]1 a great "p
 ( ! arti/'s output is lo/4 ,9 ^! days1 
:5 ! "w ( old ma/]s is be+ discov]$ s   

frequ5tly1 &  _m a =gott5 *ef d'oeuvre  
is be+ rescu$ f oblivion1  !re is e     
reason to hope t ! future has some?+    
valuable  9 /ore = u4 ,b we "k t1 z f> z
 ?is c\ntry is conc]n$1  mu* ( ! lab\r (
 ,holbe9's h&s has pass$ beyond recall4 
,dur+  ! ,commonweal? _m ( ! arti/'s    
pictures 7 s5t to !  ,cont95t1 ! great  
fire 9 ! ,:itehall de/roy$ "s priceless 
works1 & ! draw+s t attract s _m arti/s 
to ,w9dsor h _h  a v *equ]$ c>e]4 ,z f> 
z we c le>n1 !y 7 collect$  9 ! fir/    
place by ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vi41 & 7 !n sold 9
 ,france1  :]e _! own] sold !m back to  
,*>les ,i41 :o1 9 8 turn1  dispos$ ( !m 
to ! ,e>l ( ,pembroke1 f :om !y pass$ to
  ! ,e>l ( ,arundel1 :o dispos$ ( !m to 
,k+ ,*>les ,,ii41 :o 0  probably advis$ 
9 ! transaction by ,sir ,pet] ,lely4 ,!n
 !y 7  tak5 to ,k5s+ton ,palace1 ?r[n   
into a draw] & =gott5 until1  9 ! "t ( !
 ,georges1 ,que5 ,c>ol9e discov]$ "s &  
,k+  ,george ,,iii4 f\nd ! re/4 ,:5     
,que5 ,victoria rul$ ov] u ! ,pr9ce     
,consort gave ^! ma/]pieces _! pres5t   

frames & places1 & we  may presume t !y 
w nev] be di/urb$4 ,x is n unreasonable 
to suppose t ! exp]i5ce ( ?is fam\s     
collection is typical  ( t :i* has      
befall5 _m o!r works f ! same h&4 ,our  
int]e/ 9 f9e art is comp>atively mod]n2 
only 9 ! la/ hundr$  ye>s h ! rank &    
file ( cultur$1 weal?y1 or leisur$ p    
be?\ght !m ( ! great treasures t lay    
neglect$ 9 ! highways  & byways ( big   
cities2 & we mu/ n =get t damp1 neglect1
  & indiff]5ce are tr\bles t h a v s]i\s
 & unfav\rable  effect ^u works ( art4  
,! fav\r ext5d$ to a f9e picture mu/ be 
endur+1 nor w t5 g5]ations ( c>eful     
att5tion atone = t5  ye>s ( bad h\s+ &  
neglect4    ,we owe a great deal to     
,holbe91 because he 0 "o ( ! few great  
pa9t]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury :o pictur$ !  
comm]cial age t  o!rs _h held 9         
contempt4 ,he seems to h se5 t ,europe  
_h  rea*$ ! p>t+ ( ! ways1 & t w> 0 no  
long] to /&  z ! greate/ int]e/ (       
national life4 ,to realise h[ ! temp]  (
 ! _w has *ang$1 we ne$ d no m ?an      

rememb] t if !  sword is drawn 9 !      
tw5tie? c5tury x is 9 ! s]vice (        
comm]ce4    ,! ,r5aissance t work$ s _m 
wond]s 9 ,italy op5$ ,holbe9's  eyes &  
broad5$ 8 po9t ( view1 b aft] ! fir/ few
 ye>s  he turn$ aside f ! ,italian      
influ5ce & look$ ^u ! life  ar\nd him ) 
eyes t _h be5 aid$ r ?an bl9d$ by !     
bright light t %one ov] ,milan1         
,flor5ce1 & ,v5ice4 ,he 0 a  reali/ ) an
 exquisite s5se ( proportion1 & a       
def9ite c]ta9ty  ( int5tion &           
expression1 t kept him f play+ tricks ) 
8  art4 ,z great opportunities came to  
him1 he took su* complete advantage  (  
!m t to-day we may turn to 8 "w & read 9
 x ! hi/ory  ( 8 own fasc9at+ times4 ,he
 has left u a gall]y ( ! p :o  rul$ a   
consid]able section ( middle & we/]n    
,europe 9 ! fir/  half ( ! sixte5?      
c5tury1 :5 ! ne> ,ea/ 0 /ill unt\*$  by 
,*ri/ian civilisation1 & few arti/s     
look$ beyond ! ,adriatic  = sitt]s or = 
patronage4    ,no small "p ( ! ,tudor   
p]iod lives aga9 "u ,holbe9's h&4 ,he   

gives u ! vivid & endur+ impression ( an
 age t _h f\nd  itself1 & 8 subjects    
walk ) fact1 j z ! creations ( 8  great 
contempor>y ,alb]t ,dr] _h walk$ )      
fancy4 ,z he saw !m s  he portray$ !m1 &
 hi/ory br+s no *>ge ( flatt]y aga9/ him
  save 9 ! case ( ,anne ( ,cleves1 ^:   
portrait he pa9t$ = ,k+  ,h5ry ,,viii4  
be=e t mu* m>ri$ mon>* _h se5 h]4 ,"h he
 is  said to h be5 guilty ( flatt]y1 b x
 0 g5]ally believ$ at  ! "t t ,?omas    
,cromwell1 :o 0 8 patron & _h           
commission$  ! portrait1 0 responsible =
 x4 ,! fact t ,k+ ,h5ry himself  accept$
 ?is view1 & t ,cromwell suff]$ = x1    
sugge/s t  !re mu/ be no little         
f\ndation = ! /ory1 ?\gh ! k+  c]ta9ly  
und]/ood ! wor? ( a great arti/ too well
 to qu>rel  ) him4      ,,plate         
,,iii4--,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,man    7,9 !
 ,imp]ial ,gall]y1 ,vi5na7              
,rese>* has n avail$ to id5tify ?is man1
 :o sits at a table1      book 9 h&1    
?\gh he has a comm&+ p]sonality4 ,few   
arti/s      h left m portraits beyond ! 

rea* ( id5tification      ?an has       
,holbe94 ,o!r rem>kable b unnam$ /udies 
are to      be f\nd 9 ,basle & ,d>m/adt1
 at ! ,b]l9 ,royal ,museum1      at     
,w9dsor ,ca/le1 & else:]e4              
,illu/ration      ,ap>t f ?is "w1 we    
look to ,holbe9 = a long roll ( k+s1    
pr9ces1 *ur*m51 /atesm51 doctors1       
lawy]s1 m5 ( lett]s1  re=m]s1 & social  
celebrities all 9 _! habit z !y liv$1  &
 ve/$ ) ! dignity t seems to h be5 an   
integral "p (  ! ,tudor p]iod4 ,x w\ld  
seem to h be5 a curi\sly practical &    
bus9ess-l age1 ) r less imag9ation ?an  
we associate )  ,elizabe?an times4 ,9   
deal+ ) "o & all ( 8 v>i$ sitt]s1  !    
pa9t] seems to h pres]v$ ! ess5tial     
*>act]i/ics1  &1 if we mu/ admit !      
,holbe9 t\*1 !re is at lea/ no ,holbe9  
type4 ,he />t$ 8 "w "u ! influ5ce ( !   
,r5aissance1 &  ) an almo/ *ildi%       
delight 9 decorative effects4 ,z he     
progress$  he ?rew aside "o by "o !     
details t he _h ceas$ to reg>d z        
ess5tial1 until 9 ! end he c\ld express 

ev]y?+ he saw 9 !  simple/ possible     
mann]1 )\t any sugge/ion ( sup]fluity or
  r$undancy1 )\t concession to ! m]ely  
sup]ficial side (  picture-mak+ t /ood  
less] m5 9 good /ead4 ,! extraord9>y    
success ( 8 portraiture is be/ und]/ood 
:5 we le>n t =  mo/ ( 8 "w he did n     
tr\ble sitt]s aft] ! mod]n fa%ion4  ,!y 
sat to him = a sket*1 & !n he took !    
sket* away )  him & produc$ 9 due c\rse 
! f9i%$ portrait4 ,:5 we look at  !     
portraits 9 ! great ,european gall]ies1 
at ,w9dsor or ,basle1  ! ,l\vre or      
,muni*1 we may be a/oni%$ t su* results 
%\ld be  a*iev$ f m]e sket*es4 ,b ! /udy
 ( ^! sket*es !mselves  avails to expla9
 mu*2 & z !re are m ?an eighty ( !m at  
,w9dsor1 & ^! h be5 reproduc$ v f9ely 9 
sev]al volumes1  ! lov] ( ,holbe9 has no
 occasion to leave ?is c\ntry 9 ord] to 
und]/& ! te*nique ( ?is bran* ( ! ma/]'s
 "w4 ,naturally  an arti/ is judg$ v    
readily by 8 ef=ts 9 portraiture1 = !y  
are ! ?+s t appeal mo/ readily to ! eye2
 b 9 ! case (  ,holbe91 :o w\ld h be5 a 

great ma/] if he _h nev] pa9t$ a        
portrait1 x is well to look 9 o!r       
directions = evid5ces ( 8  _m gifts4    
,:at mann] ( man he 01 h[ & :5 he liv$ &
 di$1  is1 z we h h9t$ already1 a matt] 
( conjecture2 & 9 sett+  d[n ! facts ( 8
 life t are g5]ally accept$1 x is       
necess>y  to admit res]vations at %ort  
int]vals4 ,( c\rse1 we w\ld give mu*  to
 "k ! full /ory ( 8 progress1 to le>n ! 
conditions "u  :i* "s ( 8 mo/ notable   
a*ievem5ts 7 accompli%$1 to cat*  "s    
really reliable glimpses ( 8 dome/ic    
life1 b 9 all ^!  matt]s we h no?+ b    
/ray facts & c\ntless conjectures4  ,ev5
 ! portrait 9 ,basle t is said to /& =  
him is a d\btful  au?ority1 because x is
 n cle> f ! orig9al inscription  :e!r x 
is ( ,holbe9 or by ,holbe94 ,we "k t he 
pa9t$ x1  b we d n "k :e!r he 0 pa9t+   
himself4 ,happily1 p]haps1  !           
satisfaction ( ?is curiosity1 ?\gh x be 
human & reasonable  en\gh1 is n ( ! fir/
 importance4 ,x may suffice u amply t  !
 great arti/ left _m & v>i$ monum5ts ( 8

 a*ievem5ts1  & t ! mo/1 or v _m1 ( ^!  
are op5 to our inspection  to ?is day1 t
 !y h pres]v$ _! quality & _! p[] to    
tea* z well z to *>m succe$+ g5]ations4 
,,ii    ,,! ,,arti/',s ,,life      ,if  
we may accept ! balance ( evid5ce1 ,hans
 ,holbe9 0 born 9 !  la/ ye>s ( !       
fifte5? c5tury 9 ,augsburg1 !n a city ( 
great  importance4 ,! visitor to ,bav>ia
 to-day w f9d few traces ( its  vani%$  
prosp]ity1 b 9 ! ye>s :5 ,hans ,holbe9 0
 a little boy  ,augsburg held m]*ant    
pr9ces by ! doz51 & m5 ( di/9ction by  !
 score1 & enjoy$ ! fav\r ( ! ,emp]or    
,maximilian1 himself no  mean patron ( !
 arts4 ,9 su* a city at ! beg9n+ ( !    
sixte5?  c5tury !re w\ld h be5 a c]ta9  
community ( int]e/ betwe5  ! lead]s (   
/ate1 comm]ce1 & religion1 :o1 ke5ly    
consci\s  ( ! hon\r t _h come to ,italy 
?r\gh ! ,revival ( ,le>n+  & ! practice 
( ! arts1 w\ld d all t 9 !m lay to      
devote a  "p ( _! weal? & leisure to    
plac+ _! city 9 an hon\rable  position4 
,civic pride 0 rampant ?r\gh\t ! great  

cities ( ,europe  9 ! ,middle ,ages1 &  
,augsburg 0 no exception to ! rule4     
,holbe9's  fa!r1 ^: "w may be /udi$ to  
great advantage 9 ,b]l91 0 an  arti/ (  
repute4 ,he belong$ to ! ,guild (       
,pa9t]s t _h be5  successfully e/abli%$ 
9 ! city1 & enjoy$ ! patronage ( !      
leisur$ classes to an ext5t t br\ght a  
measure ( prosp]ity to  all its memb]s4 
,! practice ( ! arts 0 comp>atively new 
to  ,augsburg1 & d\btless ! /ory (      
,italian prosp]ity _h lo/ no?+  on its  
j\rney across ! ,tyrol4 ,! ,bav>ian city
 w\ld expect its  prosp]\s ,guild to    
a*ieve di/9ction1 & 0 ready & able to   
respond to progress1 s t ! conditions 7 
v fav\rable to  endeav\r & to success4  
,e great city s\ght to a*ieve r5[n by   
rais+ 9 its mid/1 or attract+ to its    
circle1 s*ol>s & arti/s  ( _w-wide      
repute4 ,hans ,holbe9 _h a d\ble        
advantage4 ,n only 0  ! "t ripe = 8     
a*ievem5ts1 b ! family surr\nd+s 7  ( ! 
k9d calculat$ to develop 8 p[]s e>ly4 ,8
 fa!r1 nephew1  & bro!rs 7 pa9t]s1 & f 8

 e>lie/ ye>s he w\ld h  be5 br\ght into 
intimate t\* ) ! life & "w ( arti/s4    
,he w\ld h _h access to ! hall ( !      
,pa9t]s' ,guild1 :]e z  mu* z c\ld be   
secur$ ( ! _w's f9e "w 0 to be se54 ,!  
,guild 0 ! c5tre ( a great city's       
en?usiasms2 ! "w 0  criticis$ & /udi$4  
,great f9anci]s ( ,augsburg br\ght      
arti/s  & craftsm5 f o!r t[ns1 & x is   
safe to assume t ! be/  ( !m w\ld h be5 
f\nd 9 ! hall ( ! ,guild f "t to "t     
exhibit+ _! own "w1 & tell+ an int]e/$  
ga!r+ ( !  wond]s ( o!r cities 9 days :5
 ! j\rney across ! fronti]s (  "o's own 
c\ntry 0 n to be safely or lightly      
und]tak54 ,! eld]  ,holbe9 w\ld h       
introduc$ 8 son into ! be/ arti/ic      
circles  ( 8 "t & place2 = al?\gh he    
does n seem to h be5 !  lead+ arti/ ( 8 
city1 he receiv$ important commissions f
 !  religi\s h\ses1 & ! collection (    
sket*es 9 ! ,b]l9 ,national  ,gall]y %[s
 h[ mu* ! son ow$ to ! fa!r1 & :at a    
clev]  fell[ ! fa!r 04      ,,plate     
,,iv4--,,jane ,,seym\r    7,9 ! ,imp]ial

 ,gall]y1 ,vi5na7        ,?is portrait  
is "o ( ! ma/]pieces ( ! ,vi5na ,gall]y4
      ,! que5 is pa9t$ almo/ life size1 
& we>s a d>k r$ dress      ov] a        
petticoat ( silv] brocade4 ,! m>vell\s  
complexion =      :i* %e 0 not$ & ! f9e 
jewels %e wore are r5d]$      ) r>e     
skill by ! pa9t]4    ,illu/ration       
,un=tunately hi/ory has no?+ to tell u (
 ! boyhood ( "y ,hans1  ?\gh we may ga!r
 t 8 fa!r 0 9 /rait5$ circum/ances &  n 
on ! be/ ( t]ms ) memb]s ( 8 family :o 7
 bett] (f  ?an he4 ,p]haps we may assume
 t ! res angu/a domi turn$ "y  ,han's   
/eps f 8 fa!r's h\se :ile he 0 yet      
little m ?an a  boy1 = :5 he c\ld h be5 
no m ?an sev5te51 & 0 p]haps  y\ng]1 he 
& 8 bro!r ,ambrosius w\ld seem to h left
 ,augsburg  = ,basle1 :]e s mu* ( 8 "w  
is to be f\nd to-day4 ,"h 9  8 fir/ y\? 
he pa9t$ a r poor ,madonna & ,*ri/1 :i* 
0  discov]$ little m ?an ?irty ye>s ago 
aft] c5turies ( neglect1  & is rem>kable
 *iefly = ! t9y ,r5aissance *]ubs on !  
frame1  figures pa9t$ ) s mu* fre%ness1 

ease1 & vig\r t "o is  incl9$ to ov]look
 ! poor quality ( ! picture !y en%r9e4  
,x  w\ld seem t at ! "t :5 ?is "w 0     
pa9t$ ! eld] ,holbe9  _h tak5 8 family f
 ,augsburg to ,luc]ne1 & t he 0 at once 
admitt$ to ! ,pa9t]s' ,guild !re4    ,x 
0 well = ,holbe9 t he select$ ,basle z a
 place ( resid5ce1  = ! *ances ( 8 life 
?rew him at a v impressionable age into 
! company ( m5 :o f\nd a fre% field = 8 
tal5ts1 & wid5$  v consid]ably ! scope (
 8 a*ievem5t4 ,he 0 n de/9$ to  rema9   
con/ant to pa9t+4    ,9 #aeae ,frob5ius 
& ,am]ba* ! great pr9t]s 7 at ,basle1   
,erasmus _h be5 & gone1 & ,frob5ius mu/ 
h be5 attract$ by  "s ( ! clev]         
s5sational "w ) :i* ,holbe9 made 8      
arti/ic  debut1 = :5 ! ?ird edition ( ! 
fam\s ,breve ad ,erasmum 0  publi%$ by  
,frob5ius1 ! title-page 0 design$ by    
,holbe94 ,he 0  n turn+ 8 att5tion to   
?is class ( "w to ! detrim5t (  o!rs1 = 
we associate ) ! /ay 9 ,basle "s        
half-doz5 ( !  second-rate ef=ts 9 pa9t 
( a man :o is /riv+ to f9d himself  & is

 at ! /age 9 8 life :]e he is little m  
?an ! e*o  ( great] m5 :o h influ5c$    
him4 ,holbe9 0 already a man (  all art 
"w2 he prep>$ ! title-page ( ,sir ,?omas
 ,m's ,utopia1  & pa9t$ religi\s        
pictures or table tops ) equal assurance
 &  facility4 ,he 0 nev] "o ( ! "y m5 ) 
a mission :o %un  delights & live       
labori\s days work+ f dawn to dusk 9    
pursuit  ( an ideal1 & wake "o morn+ to 
f9d ,fame has arriv$ ov]night4  ,& yet  
on a sudd5 he f\nd himself1 z 8 sket*es 
= ! portrait  ( ,jacob ,mei] & ,doro!a  
,kannegiess] te/ify4 ,d>m/adt & ,dresd5 
hold ! ripe fruits ( 8 fri5d%ip ) ,jacob
 ,mei]1 & x w\ld  seem t 8 e>lie/       
commission !re s]v$ to br+ him ! measure
  ( inspiration t lifts unc]ta9 tal5t to
 ! height ( a great  a*ievem5t1 nev] to 
fall back to ! ranks ( ^? :o /ruggle ye>
  9 ye> out1 a*iev+ no?+ ( p]man5t      
value4 ,c]ta9ly he 0 well  s]v$ by 8    
sitt]s1 = ! man & ! woman seem to h be5 
born  to be pa9t$4      ,,plate         
,v4--,,anne ,,( ,,cleves    7,9 !       

,l\vre7        ,?is is ! portrait t     
,holbe9 0 said to h made too            
flatt]+1 at ! in/ance ( ,?omas          
,cromwell4 ,if ! /ory be      true1 ?is 
un=tunate consort ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 mu/ h 
be5      s+ul>ly homely 9 appe>ance4    
,?is oil-pa9t+ on vellum      reproduc$ 
"h gives ! sugge/ion ( a woman :o c\ld n
      h r\s$ int]e/ 9 anybody1 & !      
peculi> quality (      some?+ ak9 to    
inspiration t ,holbe9 br\ght to ne>ly   
all portrait pa9t+ is conspicu\s by its 
abs5ce4    ,illu/ration      ,we d n "k 
:at foll[$ :5 ,holbe9 _h f\nd himself4  
,x is /at$  by "s au?orities t he left  
,basle = ,luc]ne1 :]e he _h "s  tr\ble )
 ! au?orities1 & did a c]ta9 am\nt (    
decorative  "w4 ,altdorf is nam$ z a    
city 9 :i* he resid$ = a "t1 &  x is    
sugge/$1 n )\t ju/ification1 t he w5t   
into ,nor!rn  ,italy & /udi$ "s ( !     
ma/]-works ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,b by !  "t 
he _h rea*$ man's e/ate he _h return$ to
 ,basle1 br++ )  him a reputation t he 0
 de/9$ to develop /eadily = ! re/  ( 8  

life1 & h& d[n to po/]ity to be ! glory 
( ,g]man art4    ,8 hi/ory aft] be+ lo/ 
= a "t f9ds "s record 9 #aeai1  :5 he 0 
admitt$ to ! ,art ,guild ( ,basle1 & a  
ye> lat] he  became a free man ( ! city 
& m>ri$ a wid[ ) two *ildr54 ,h]        
portrait may be se5 9 ,basle to-day1 &  
!re is "o t is said to  /& = ! pa9t]    
himself1 also a "w ( 8 h&4 ,! draw+     
depicts a /rong man1 :o looks out ^u !  
_w ) s]5e  consci\sness t he c play a   
full & wor?y "p 9 x4    ,:5 he 0 a m>ri$
 man & a citiz5 ( ,basle1 ,holbe9       
develop$  to a v consid]able ext5t 8    
e>li] acqua9tance ) !  ,humani/s4 ,8 "w 
0 always at ! s]vice ( ! great pr9t]s1  
&1 n unnaturally1 ! au?ors :o 7 9 t\* ) 
!m took an  int]e/ 9 ! "y arti/ :o add$ 
s mu* to ! attractions (  _! books4 ,8  
religi\s feel+s we d n "k1 b he         
associat$  himself ) ! publication (    
c]ta9 ,lu!ran pamphlets ( m>k$          
scurrility1 & w\ld seem to h tak5 8 full
 %>e 9 ! conte/  betwe5 ! ,re=m]s & _!  
oppon5ts4 ,! hi/ory ( ! diff]5ces  t    

ultimately drove ,erasmus f ! city is   
full ( int]e/ &  in/ruction1 b ! limits 
( space =bid ! disgression necess>y  to 
deal ) !m4 ,erasmus lives = u 9 sev]al  
portraits by ,holbe91  & !re c be no    
d\bt b t association ) ! lead+ lit]>y   
m5 ( ! city mu/ h done a great deal to  
develop 9 ! pa9t]  ! measure ( culture t
 0 to s]ve him 9 good /ead :5 he left  !
 city ( ,basle = places m important & ! 
s]vice ( exalt$  patrons4 ,8 designs =  
wood engrav+s 9 ! ye>s foll[+ 8  m>riage
 are ( ! fir/ importance1 & include !   
fam\s ,dance (  ,dea? s]ies4 ,he pa9t$  
among _m works ( ! fir/ class a portrait
  ( 8 patron ,boniface ,am]ba*1 ! fam\s 
,dead ,man1 said by "s  to be a picture 
( ! dead ,*ri/1 a portrait ( ,erasmus & 
!  ,zett] ,madonna4 ,( ^! ! ,dead ,man  
is 9 ,basle1 "o ( ,erasmus  is !re1 &   
ano!r is 9 ! ,l\vre1 :ile ! ,zett]      
,madonna  is at ,solu?urn4 ,( c\rse he  
did a great deal ( "w t _c  be enum]at$ 
"h--"w ( ! mo/ v>i$ description & almo/ 
unv>y+ excell5ce1 & x is cle> t he ow$ n

 a little ( 8  a*ievem5t to ! /ead9ess (
 8 lab\rs4 ,we may reasonably suppose  t
 "s ( ! output is lo/1 b :at is left to 
?is day 9 ,basle  amazes u4 ,! ,museum  
is a monum5t ( 8 tal5t & indu/ry4 ,half 
fad$ frescoes1 panel pa9t+s1 subject    
pictures1 portraits1 draw+s1  /udies (  
co/ume1 ! eight sc5es ( ! ,passion--!re 
is en\gh  9 ! ,museum to console !      
/rang] = all ! season ( 8 /ay  9 a      
s+ul>ly unattractive city4 ,we owe !    
exi/+ collection 9  a v l>ge ext5t to   
,boniface ,am]ba*1 ! arti/'s fri5d &    
e>ly  patron1 :o1 recognis+ ! p]man5t   
value ( 8 output1 collect$  all he c\ld 
secure1 & e/abli%$ ! nucleus ( a        
collection t  =ms to-day ,basle's *ief  
claim to di/9ction4 ,if o!rs _h be5     
equally f> see+1 _m a treasure n[ lo/ or
 de/roy$ w\ld rema9  to inspire & to    
tea*2 b we mu/ be cont5t ) ! ?\ght t  ! 
"w lo/ ?r\gh c>elessness 0 probably n ! 
be/1 & =  ! re/ fire & ,puritans are    
jo9tly responsible1 & x is impossible   
to argue satisfactorily ) ei!r4    ,fame

 travell$ sl[ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 b x 
_h n s f> to  g z x mu/ to-day4 ,! art  
c5tres 7 small & few1 !y belong$        
exclusively to ! we/]n _w1 & !re 7 no   
sw>ms ( influ5tial  m$iocrities to      
secure "w t belong$ ( "r to bett] m54   
,!n  aga91 ev5 9 ^? days1 :5 w> 0 /ill  
consid]$ 9 c]ta9  qu>t]s to be ! only   
occupation = a g5tleman1 art knew no    
b\nd>ies  9 ! civilis$ _w1 & ! arti/1 z 
a valu$ contributor to !  beauty ( life1
 c\ld pass ?r\gh c\ntries 9 :i* 8       
c\ntrym5  ( o!r pursuits w\ld h receiv$ 
scant welcome4 ,( c\rse !re  7          
exceptions to ?is g5]al rule1 & curi\sly
 en\gh ,basle1  9 :i* ! ,lu!rans 7 ga9+ 
gr\nd s rapidly1 _h become an           
impossible place = ,holbe9 by ! summ] ( 
#aebf4 ,moreov]1 !re 0  tr\ble ) ! fam\s
 or notori\s ,doro!a ,(f5burg1 :o w\ld  
seem to h be5 a mi/ress ( ! pa9t]4      
,app>5tly 8 m>riage  0 dictat$ m by     
conv5i5ce ?an affection1 & ! ca?olicity 
( 8 ta/e 0 n limit$ to ?+s ( art4       
,holbe9 pa9t$ !  fair ,doro!a twice1    

app>5tly 9 #aebf1 once z ,v5us & once z 
,lais ( ,cor9?4 ,ea* portrait may be se5
 9 ! l>ge salon ( !  ,museum1 & !       
attractions ( ! lady mu/ h be5 m app>5t 
to ! pa9t] ?an !y are to u4 ,"s say t x 
0 8 desire to  flee f be=e ! face ( 8   
inamorata t turn$ ,holbe9's feet  t[>ds 
,london1 o!rs t x 0 ! /r5g? ( ! ,lu!ran 
movem5t  t made m5 look askance at !    
arts4 ,be t z x may he came to  t[n1 &  
,basle's loss 0 ,engl&'s ga94    ,x may 
be rem>k$ "h1 t :ile ,holbe9's long /ay 
9 ,basle _h  n be5 int]rupt$1 !re is    
evid5ce to sugge/1 if n to prove1  t he 
foll[$ ,am]ba* to ,france4 ,d\btless 8  
position enabl$ him  to gratify any     
reasonable desire to travel2 & 9 h\ses  
long s9ce  demoli%$1 = families long    
fall5 f _! high e/ate if n  altoge!r    
lo/1 he may h pa9t$ portraits & decorat$
 private  *apels or turn$ 8 r>e gift z  
m9iaturi/ to good acc\nt4 ,no  flneur on
 ! high-road ( sixte5?-c5tury life1 no  
*ronicl]  ( ! times & *anges ( 8        
g5]ation1 has any?+ to record1  because 

! _w !n took no c\nt ( ! com+ or go+ ( !
 great  m5 :o claim$ fame ?r\gh ! arts4 
,,plate ,,vi4--,,erasmus    7,9 !       
,l\vre7        ,?is m>vell\s piece (    
portraiture dates f ! ye> #aebc4        
,holbe9 pa9t$ _m portraits ( 8 fri5d &  
patron1 & at      lea/ ?ree belong to   
?is ye>1 "o be+ at ,long=d ,ca/le4      
,a /udy = ! "o reproduc$ "h may be se5 9
 ! ,basle      ,museum4 ,! great s*ol>  
is treat$ ) a ma/]-h&4 ,pallid      sk91
 grey+ hair1 d>k clo!s1 & br[n panell+ g
 to !      mak+ ( wond]ful col\r h>mony4
    ,illu/ration          ,,iii         
,,holbe9 ,,9 ,,engl&      ,if we _c say 
) any c]ta9ty :y ,holbe9 came to ,engl&1
 we may  at lea/ presume t ,sir ,?omas  
,m 0 8 e>lie/ patron 9 ^!  isl&s1 & 8   
fam\s ,h\sehold ( ,sir ,?omas ,m w\ld   
seem to  h be5 ! fir/ intimation to a   
consid]able section ( ,engli% art  lov]s
 t a new light _h aris54 ,x 0 ( c\rse   
mo/ =tunate =  ! pa9t] t he c\ld comm& !
 att5tion ( ! highe/ 9 !  l& ) 8 fir/   
s]i\s ef=t1 = ! future 0 at once assur$2

  & if x 0 well = ! pa9t]1 x is bett]   
/ill = u4 ,h[ _m  notable m5 has he     
rescu$ f ! comp>ative oblivion ( ! pr9t$
  record8 ,9 h[ _m cases has he help$ u 
to correct or ju/ify !  impressions ( ! 
hi/orian8 ,! human face tells its own   
/ory1 &1  :5 x is set d[n by a ma/]-h&1 
we "k some?+ at lea/ (  ! bra9 t work$  
beh9d x4 ,holbe9 0 a reali/4 ,x 0 no "p 
( 8 arti/ic int5tion to make a portrait 
a m]e beautiful picture1  to treat 8    
subject pictorially 9 fa%ion t w\ld     
flatt] a sitt]'s  vanity4 ,p]haps he _h 
n ! dang]\s quality ( imag9ation t w\ld 
make su* a proc$ure possible4 ,he saw   
cle>ly1 fully1 dispassionately1  & set  
d[n on pap] or canvas j :at he _h       
se5--nei!r m  nor less4 ,ev5 !          
,r5aissance decorations t _h delight$   
him z a  boy 7 laid aside long be=e he  
came f ,basle to ,london1 & su*  m]e    
clev]ness z he p]mitt$ himself 0 done   
obvi\sly en\gh to  attract cu/om1 & 0 to
 be se5 9 ! skilful composition ( 8     
portrait gr\ps4 ,he 0 a h>d-head$1 s]i\s

 arti/1 & appeal$ to  a s+ul>ly         
level-head$ g5]ation1 t _h n be5 educat$
 up  or d[n to ! special g5ius ( !      
,r5aissance portrait pa9t]s (  ,italy4  
,= 9 spite ( ! exquisite & well-nigh    
inimitable quality  ( ! ,italian ma/]s1 
_! "w w\ld h seem$ r exotic 9  our cold]
 clime4 ,moreov]1 ! days ( revolt aga9/ 
! _s t  s _m ( !m express$ 7 ^u ! l&4   
,we _c say ) any c]ta9ty :5 or :y       
,holbe9 decid$ to try  8 =tune 9 ,engl&4
 ,x is likely t "o ( ! ,engli% noblem5  
travell+ on ! ,cont95t1 ! ,e>l ( ,surrey
 or ! ,e>l ( ,arundel1  0 ! fir/ to     
advise him to visit ?is isl&2 & :5 !    
tr\bles  t beset art 9 ,basle made a    
*ange imp]ative1 ! pa9t] appli$ to      
,erasmus = introductions & receiv$ "o to
 ,sir ,?omas ,m1 to :om he  0 advis$ to 
take "o ( 8 portraits ( ,erasmus z a    
sample ( 8  tal5t4 ,app>5tly ! good     
folks ( ,basle 7 a little />tl$1 &  ev5 
vex$1 to f9d t _! premi] arti/ 0 leav+  
!m4 ,!y are  said to h put ob/acles 9 ! 
way ( 8 dep>ture1 b he w\ld n  be d5i$4 

,holbe9 travell$ by way ( ,antw]p1      
attract$ by ! works  ( ,qu5t9 ,matsys1 &
 9 #aebf he rea*$ ,london1 pres5t$      
himself  to ! ,*ancellor1 & made su* a  
fav\rable impression t he 0  receiv$ =?)
 & in/all$ 9 8 home at ,*elsea4 ,8      
gratitude  0 express$ quickly &         
significantly4 ,sir ,?omas himself 0 !  
fir/  9 ! long roll ( di/+ui%$ m5 :o h  
p]haps obta9$ a l>g]  measure (         
immortality f ,holbe9's bru% ?an f ! "w 
( _!  own h&s4    ,b = ,erasmus & ,"l   
,surrey1 ! pa9t] might h langui%$ =     
lack ( opportunity to %[ 8 p[]s4 ,he    
might ev5 h return$ to  ! ,cont95t1 :]e 
8 v>i$ gifts comm&$ a c]ta9 m>ket1 & 9  
t case ! long roll ( ,tudor wor?ies w\ld
 n h be5 pres]v$  to u1 & ! bright light
 t he has ?r[n ^u a fasc9at+ p]iod  (   
our hi/ory w\ld h be5 lo/4 ,b !         
,*ancellor himself1 app>5tly  no mean   
judge ( good "w1 mov$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! mo/ 
select  & ref9$ circle 9 ,*ri/5dom1 & z 
soon z he _h express$  8 satisfaction ) 
! pa9t]'s "w !re 0 no lack (  sitt]s4   

,p]haps an arti/ w\ld say t ! quality ( 
! sitt]'s  face does n matt]1 & t       
p]sonality is ( small acc\nt1 b  f !    
layman's po9t ( view ?is is n ! case4 ,!
 born rul]1 !  adm9i/rator1 s*ol>1      
soldi]1 poet1 mu/ be m int]e/+ to mo/ ( 
u ?an ! p]son ^: only qualification = an
 appe>ance on canvas  is ! capacity to  
pay = x4 ,holbe9's sitt]s 7 wor?y ( 8   
bru%1 & betwe5 #aebf & #aebi ! arti/    
made an endur+ reputation  9 ,london1   
:]e1 accord+ to "s at lea/ ( 8          
*ronicl]s1 he  came "u ! notice ( ,k+   
,h5ry1 al?\gh he does n appe> to  h done
 any "w = him on ! occasion ( 8 fir/    
visit4    ,! soj\rn ( ne>ly ?ree ye>s   
complet$1 ! pa9t] return$ to  8 home 9  
,basle1 & occupi$ himself 9 t city until
 #aeca4 ,he  w\ld seem to h made up 8   
m9d to try ! ,cont95t aga9 be=e  yield+ 
to ! invitations he _h receiv$ 9 ,engl&4
 ,!n aga9 he  _h dome/ic affairs to     
settle1 & !y 7 n ( ! easie/1 =  8 wife  
_h c]ta9 good reasons to feel aggriev$1 
& ,holbe9 did  n reg>d con/ancy z "o ( !

 indisp5sable conditions ( m>ri$  life4 
,9 ord] t he might n be tr\bl$ ov]mu* on
 8 return to  our %ores1 he decid$ to   
leave 8 wife & family 9 ,basle1 :]e he  
left provision = all _! wants4 ,he nev] 
fail$ to look aft] 8  *ildr5 & d 8 be/ =
 !m4 ,9 days :5 !re 0 nei!r regul>      
po/al s]vice nor telegrams nor          
newspap]s1 he c\ld live 8 own life  )\t 
fe> ( any remon/rances2 & we "k en\gh ( 
8 progress  9 ^! isl&s to be satisfi$ t1
 _h he br\ght 8 wife ov]1  %e w\ld h _h 
s\nd & suffici5t reason to compla94 ,!  
religi\s squabbles 9 ,basle w\ld seem to
 h made x h>d =  any arti/ to e>n a     
liv+1 & betwe5 ! dates ( 8 return &  8  
second visit to ?is c\ntry he f\nd      
little "w = 8 bru%4  ,happily he 0      
equipp$ 9 e bran*1 & z 8 "w z a pa9t]  0
 n 9 great dem&1 he w5t to ! gold work]s
 & ! pr9t]s1  & did n g to !m 9 va94 ,!y
 7 happy en\gh to employ him1  & "w t he
 execut$ at ?is p]iod ( 8 c>e] is "o ( !
  prizes ( ! collector & ! connoisseur4 
,,plate ,,vii4--,,sir ,,ri*>d ,,s\?well 

7,9 ! ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce7        
,?is /rik+ portrait ( "o ( ,holbe9's    
contempor>ies is      "o ( ! be/        
examples ( ! ma/]'s "w 9 ,italy4 ,a /udy
      = ! f9i%$ picture may be se5 at   
,w9dsor1 & !re is      ano!r copy 9 !   
,l\vre4 ,x 0 ,sir ,ri*>d ,s\?well :o    
did mu* to br+ ab\t ! fall ( ,sir ,?omas
 ,m4    ,illu/ration      ,:5 9 #aeca ! 
pa9t] return$ to ,engl& he c\ld /&      
alone1 &  ?is 0 well = him1 s9ce ,sir   
,?omas ,m 0 born to le>n t  ! fav\r (   
pr9ces is n rem>kable = a quality (     
p]man5ce4  ,!re w\ld seem to h be5 no   
lack ( "w = ,holbe9 z long z he  liv$4  
,"h we may rem>k t ! date ( 8 dea? is 9 
dispute1  "s au?orities plac+ x z e>ly z
 #aedc1 :ile o!rs grant him  ano!r elev5
 ye>s--a v valuable concession to any   
poor mortal1  b "o t ! ,fates d n appe> 
to h grant$1 #aedc be+ !  probable date 
( 8 dea?1 & ! ,plague ! cause4    ,he 0 
n satisfi$ ) portraits = long4 ,!       
,/eely>d1 ( :i*  we %all soon speak at  
l5g?1 gave him subject pictures to pa9t4

  ,k+ ,h5ry took him into 8 s]vice ) a  
reta9] ( #cj a ye>1  no inconsid]able   
sum 9 ^? days1 & paym5t = all works     
done1  & he soon became a pa9t] ( !     
pictures t are produc$ to  commemorate  
/ate occasions4 ,happily he pa9t$ !m    
bett] ?an "s  m mod]n m5 h be5 able to4 
,x is h>dly a reproa* to a man  t he _c 
inve/ ) special int]e/ a picture t is to
 all  int5t & purpose compos$ = him1 a  
canvas on :i* ! figures mu/  be h&l$    
less ) reg>d to composition ?an         
prec$5ce1 & really  ,holbe9 did v well4 
,8 education 0 c]ta9 to tell 9 8 fav\r2 
he began to enjoy ! fruits ( 8          
association ) ! ,humani/s4 ,great       
pa9t]s employ$ at ,european ,c\rts      
enjoy$ a c]ta9 ambassadorial  rank3 !   
int]e/ tak5 9 art 0 s consid]able1 t !  
gift (  a picture by a great arti/ 0 z  
f9e a pres5t z c\ld be giv5  or receiv$1
 & :5 arti/s 7 s5t to =eign c\rts !y 7  
(t5 entru/$ ) missions n associat$      
directly or indirectly )  _! pr(ession4 
,to be sure1 ,holbe9 did n hold ! same  

high position t fell to  ,pet] ,paul    
,rub5s1 b he 0 entru/$ on two occasions 
) missions  ( a v delicate "*1 be+      
in/ruct$ to pa9t ! portraits  ( ladies  
:om ! k+ _h m>ri$ or 0 prep>$ to m>ry4  
,!  ,d[ag] ,du*ess ( ,milan 0 "o ( ! few
 :o decl9$ to become  ,que5 ( ,engl&1 & 
,anne ( ,cleves 0 "o :o 0 less          
discrim9at+4  ,!re c be no d\bt t       
,holbe9's capacity = express+ /r5g?  9 !
 mo/ delicate fa%ion imag9able appeal$ v
 /rongly to 8  sitt]s4 ,! rugg$ "* ( "o 
man's head1 ! delicate l9es (  a woman's
 face1 c\ld be express$ )\t viol5ce 9 ! 
"o case or  excess ( s5tim5t 9 ! o!r1 & 
he does n seem to h done m  ?an pres5t 8
 sitt]s 9 _! mo/ attractive aspect1 & ) 
due  reg>d to _! sali5t *>act]i/ics4 ,he
 did n flatt] & he did  n %ock1 b w\ld  
seem to h f\nd some?+ at once pleasant &
  true to express ab\t all 8 sitt]s4    
,al?\gh x does n seem unreasonable to   
believe t ,holbe9 w\ld  h lack$ "w on 8 
return to ,engl&1 ev5 if ! social       
tr\bles  ( ! "t _h be5 ev5 great] ?an !y

 71 x mu/ be admitt$  t ! pa9t] 0 v     
=tunate 9 secur+ ! patronage ( !        
,/eely>d1 ! great ,g]man or             
,anglo-,g]man trad+ company e/abli%$  on
 ! banks ( ! ,?ames4 ,x 0 associat$ ) ! 
,hanseatic  ,league2 its build+s ext5d$ 
ov] a l>ge "p ( ! city 9 !  neighb\rhood
 ( ,?ames ,/reet & ,cannon ,/reet2 its  
memb]s _h a  ,guildhall ) beautiful g>d5
 9 a place :]e ,london is almo/ at  its 
uglie/ to-day1 & ! ,/eely>d ,tav]n 0 a v
 not$ h\se4 ,to  ! ,/eely>d came all !  
traffic ( ! ,ori5t1 all ! spices ( !    
m]*ant4 ,z mu* ( ,europe z _h ! desire  
to trade ) ,engl&--!n  only a           
second-rate p[]--reli$ l>gely ^u ! ag5cy
 ( ! ,/eely>d4  ,! ,corporation t gov]n$
 ! und]tak+ w\ld seem to h be5 a  v     
capable body1 & 9 return = ! privileges 
grant$ to x by  successive rul]s1 e     
memb] 0 sworn to play a man's "p 9 !    
def5ce ( ,london4 ,we h no?+ l !        
,/eely>d 9 ,great ,brita9  to-day1 b !  
,ea/ ,india ,company probably _h mu* 9  
common ) x2  & _h ,rhodesia prov$ wor?y 

( ! highe/ hopes ent]ta9$ by its  f\nd]1
 ! ,*>t]$ ,company might h be5 conduct$ 
on simil>  l9es4 ,su* associations are  
apt to spr+ up :5 an old c\ntry         
discov]s a new "o4 ,g]man trad+         
associations 7 z pu%ful 9  ,r5aissance  
times z !y are to-day1 & m arti/ic4 ,x  
%\ld  be rememb]$ t ,bell9i1 ,titian1 & 
,t9toretto work$ = ,g]man  m]*ants 9    
,v5ice4    ,:5 ,holbe9 came back to     
,london to f9d ,w>ham & ,colet dead1 &  
,sir  ,?omas ,m1 ) b a little space (   
life left1 retir+ f !  high (fice (     
,*ancellor1 he seems to h f\nd new      
fri5ds 9 !  ,/eely>d2 & p]haps because  
he 0 anxi\s to e/abli% a position  among
 ! memb]s ( ! ri*e/ trad+ guild ( 8 "t1 
he seems to  h devot$ a great deal ( c>e
 & "t to 8 _w-fam\s portrait  ( ,george 
,gisze1 "o ( ! m]*ants ( ! ,/eely>d4 ,! 
picture1  9 an admirable condition (    
pres]vation1 is to be se5 9 ! ,b]l9     
,gall]y1 & is "o ( ! ri*e/1 mo/         
decorative portraits ev]  pa9t$ by !    
arti/4 ,x w be f\nd reproduc$ 9 ^!      

pages1 &  p]haps !re w be "s :o w wond] 
:e!r ! arti/ did n  "w delib]ately to   
int]e/ & a/oni% 8 new cli5ts1 & :e!r1  =
 t purpose1 he did n dep>t f 8 usual    
retic5ce & good  ta/e4 ,! portrait (    
,gisze himself1 a h&some man1 we>+ a    
bright  sc>let d\blet "u a black cloak1 
is admirable1 x arre/s & holds  !       
att5tion4 ,b ! het]og5e\s mass (        
accessories />tles &  tires ! spectator4
 ,vase & fl[]s1 scissors1 book1 scales1 
lett]s1  gold5 balls1 inscription1 keys1
 wat*es1 seals--!re seems to be no      
limit to ! mat]ial ) :i* ,holbe9 has    
load$ 8 canvas1 & !  accessories are all
 s well pa9t$ t !y seem to be wa/$4 ,!re
  is no reason to d\bt t ,holbe9 0      
delib]ately pa9t+ a picture  = purpose (
 adv]tisem5t1 & t he int5d$ to make 8   
appeal  to a class t1 = all its bus9ess 
acum5 & comm]cial intellig5ce1  0 n on !
 same intellectual plane z ! m5 ( ,sir  
,?omas ,m's  _w4      ,,plate           
,,viii4--,,sir ,,h5ry ,,wyatt    7,9 !  
,l\vre7        ,?is portrait ( ,sir     

,h5ry ,wyatt1 a bu/ on panel ) gre5     
backgr\nd1 0 long ?\ght to /& = !       
pa9t]'s fri5d      & patron ,sir ,?omas 
,m1 & x has be5 left = mod]n      rese>*
 to discov] ! mi/ake4 ,holbe9 pa9t$ ?is 
portrait      twice4 ,!re is a replica 9
 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,irel&4          
,illu/ration      ,if ?is 0 8 int5tion1 
he c at lea/ plead t x 0 entirely       
successful4 ,n only did x delight !     
magnates ( ! ,/eely>d1  :o %[]$         
commissions ^u him z long z he c\ld     
execute !m1 x  c>ri$ ! /ory ( 8 fame to 
! la/ corn] ( ! e>? :]e !  /ory ( a     
man's a*ievem5t c obta9 a g5]\s he>+1 t 
is to  8 own city4 ,burgoma/] ,mei] zum 
,hirt51 n to be confus$ ) t  o!r ,mei]  
:o m>ri$ ,doro!a ,kannegiess] & looks at
 u to-day f  ! walls ( ! ,basle ,museum1
 wrote to ,holbe9 9 ,london invit+ him  
to return1 ) ! promise ( a reta9] (     
?irty guld5 annually4 ,b  ! pa9t] _h    
le>n$ t ! t5d] m]cies ( ! in>ti/ic are  
cruel1 & he 0 n[ beyond ! ne$ = any ( ! 
s]vice t ,basle  c\ld (f]4    ,(        

,holbe9's "w = ! ,/eely>d1 ! great] "p  
has be5 lo/4 ,x  w be rememb]$ t !      
,guild fell on tr\bl\s times 9 ! reign  
( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 & its ,hall suff]$ a 
long p]iod ( neglect4  ,we may say t we 
%\ld n h a v complete k ( !  arti/'s    
output _h 8 sket*es be5 no bett] pres]v$
 ?an 8  f9i%$ "w4 ,we "k1 too1 t !      
,c\ncil ( ! ,/eely>d recognis$  9 !     
pa9t] ( ,george ,gisze a man ^:         
atta9m5ts cov]$ e  field ( art2 & a ye> 
aft] he _h di/+ui%$ himself 9 _!  s]vice
 = ! fir/ "t1 he 0 put 9 *>ge ( !       
pageant arrang$  by ! ,/eely>d 9 hon\r (
 ! ,coronation ( ! un=tunate ,anne      
,boleyn4 ,he pa9t$ ! ,triumph ( ,ri*es &
 ,triumph ( ,pov]ty  = ! ,/eely>d1 b    
no?+ rema9s ( ^! pictures save a sket*  
= ! =m] t may be /udi$ to-day 9 ,p>is4  
,:e!r ,holbe9's "w outside ! circle ( ! 
m]*ants 0  ! result ( 8 e>li]           
association1 or came to him ?r\gh !     
intimate connection betwe5 ! great guild
 & a c]ta9 section ( !  ari/ocracy1 is a
 disput$ po9t2 b we incl9e to ! belief t

 !  pa9t]'s position 0 fully recognis$1 
& t if "w 0 r sl[  9 rea*+ him f ! ranks
 ( ! m5 he _h kn[n on ! occasion  ( 8   
fir/ visit1 ! times 7 to blame4 ,/atesm5
 & *ur*m5  _h be5 8 patrons1 n[ !y 7    
fight+ = _! lives4 ,b v  soon aft] he _h
 pa9t$ ! portrait ( ,george ,gisze1     
,holbe9 gave to  ! _w ! fam\s picture   
kn[n z ,! ,ambassadors1 n[ hang+  9 our 
,national ,gall]y1 & reproduc$ "h4 ,!   
man on ! left is  g5]ally held to be    
,sieur ,jean de ,d9teville1 ,fr5*       
,ambassador to !  ,c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii41
 & 8 companion is said to be ,george de 
,selve1  :o 0 ,fr5* ,ambassador to !    
,c\rt ( ! great ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4      
,:5 ,anne ,boleyn _h suff]$ ! fulle/    
possible p5alty = m>ry+  ,h5ry ,,viii41 
,holbe9 pa9t$ h] successor4 ,he prep>$ a
 *alk draw+  ( ! un=tunate ,jane ,seym\r
 & pa9t$ two portraits f x1  "o be+ 9   
,vi5na & ! o!r at ,woburn ,abbey2 & he  
pa9t$ ,h5ry  himself = ! ,privy ,*amb]1 
:i* 0 burnt out 9 ! clos+ ye>s  ( !     
sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! usual /udy 9 *alks 0

 made = ?is  picture1 & is n[ 9 ,muni*4 
,9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y !re is a draw+   
by ,holbe9 ( 8 exquisite design = ! gold
 cup t 0 made :5  ,edw>d ,,vi4 0 born2 &
 z soon z ,jane ,seym\r 0 dead ! pa9t]  
w5t to ,milan to pa9t 8 /rik+ portrait (
 ! "y ,*ri/9a  ( ,d5m>k1 :o 0 ,du*ess ( 
,milan1 & a wid[ at ! e>ly age (        
sixte54 ,%e x is :o is said to h decl9$ 
! (f] ( ,k+ ,h5ry's  h&1 on ! gr\nd t %e
 _h b "o head & wi%$ to keep x on  h]   
%\ld]s4 ,s %e became ! ,du*ess (        
,lorra9e in/ead--small blame  to h]4 ,we
 h ref]r$ already to ! portrait ( ,anne 
( ,cleves1 n[  9 ! ,l\vre2 be=e t 0     
pa9t$ ,holbe9 _h giv5 ! _w :at  is (t5  
reg>d$ z 8 greate/ ef=t 9 portraiture1 !
 portrait  ( ! goldsmi? ,hub]t ,morett1 
n[ to be se5 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y4  ,= _m
 ye>s ?is picture 0 suppos$ to be ! "w (
 ,leon>do da  ,v9ci4 ,x is "o ( !       
special functions ( art criticism to    
give !  cr$it ( unkn[n pictures to ,da  
,v9ci or ,giorgione--app>5tly to all[  !
 next g5]ation ( criticism to take t    

cr$it away aga94 ,"o may  rem>k 9 pass+ 
t ,leon>do da ,v9ci has f>$ v badly (   
late1  b d\btless he w soon be re/or$ to
 critical fav\r4    ,?omas ,h[>d1 ,duke 
( ,norfolk1 & twice uncle to ! k+ by    
m>riage1  0 pa9t$ :5 ,anne ( ,cleves _h 
be5 retir$ on a p5sion1 & !  /> (       
,ca!r9e ,h[>d 0 9 its brief asc5dant4   
,holbe9 is said  to h pa9t$ ! new que54 
,!re is a m9iature z well z a *alk      
draw+ 9 ,w9dsor t is said to /& = h]4 ,&
 d\btless ! k+  w\ld h cont9u$ to f9d   
new wives1 & ,holbe9 w\ld h cont9u$  to 
pa9t !m1 b = ! fact t bo? k+ & pa9t] 7  
ne>+ _! end4 ,! portraits ( ! doctors ( 
! royal h\sehold1  ,dr4 ,butt & ,dr4    
,*amb]s1 are among ! la/ ( ! great works
 he  accompli%$4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,octob]    
#ahdc1 at ! "t :5 ! ,plague  0 9        
,london1 ! arti/ made a w :i* 0 f\nd "s 
ye>s ago  9 ! ,city ( ,london4 ,by ?is  
docum5t ,hans ,holbe9 s\ght to protect  
two ( 8 illegitimate *ildr5 ( t5d] age1 
direct+ t all 8  goods %\ld be sold1 & !
 proce$s appli$ = _! b5efit z soon  z   

c]ta9 debts _h be5 paid4 ,curi\sly      
en\gh1 we h no means (  f9d+ out :o !   
*ildr5 71 we d n "k ! "m's "n1  all is  
obscure4 ,b we "k t ,holbe9 _h settl$ an
 e>li] legacy  ^u 8 wife & legitimate   
issue1 t he _h appr5tic$ 8 elde/ son  to
 a jewell] 9 ,p>is1 & t he _h nev] be5  
unm9dful ( 8 legal  obligations to 8    
family4 ,= ! re/1 he _h made a ha/y     
m>riage  t 0 n f\nd$ ^u affection s mu* 
z ^u conv5i5ce--& x  is n = u to judge  
him save z an arti/1 & !n mode/ly & )   
due ?\ght ( our own limitations4 ,he 0  
buri$ ei!r 9 ! ,*ur*  ( ,/4 ,&rew       
,und]%aft or ,/4 ,ca!r9e ,cree2 9 ! h\r 
( 8 dea?  !re 0 no anxiety to d m ?an   
get ! dead und]gr\nd z soon  z possible4
 ,x w be rememb]$ t ano!r ( ! _w's great
  pa9t]s1 ,titian ,vecelli1 di$ ( !     
,plague too1 b ,titian _h rea*$  a v    
great age1 :ile ,holbe9 0 9 ! prime (   
life1 capable1 _h  he be5 sp>$1 ( mu* m 
"w 9 e bran* ( art4    ,he work$ = ab\t 
?irty ye>s 9 ! light ( hi/ory = ! ,virg9
  & ,*ild1 ! picture ) panels 9 !       

,r5aissance mood is dat$  #aead1 & !    
picture ( ,dr4 ,*amb]s belongs to ! e>ly
 =ties4 ,to  sum up 8 kn[n a*ievem5ts ) 
no m ?an a brief description w\ld       
exhau/ all ! pages ( ?is little sket*4  
,8 "w reta9s mu* (  its fre%ness1 al?\gh
 "t & ! re/or] h comb9$ to d x  wrong2 &
 !re are pictures t pass = ! "w (       
,holbe9's h&1  ?\gh x is m ?an likely t 
he nev] saw !m4 ,he mu/ h be5  a man (  
inf9ite capacity1 untir+ indu/ry1 &     
consid]able /r5g?  ( "*2 he ow$ little  
to outside help1 = :5 he left ,augsburg 
= ,basle he 0 almo/ )\t fri5ds &        
influ5ce1 :ile1 :5 he  left ,london = ! 
b\rn f :i* no travell] returns1 he _h   
made  a reputation t has la/$ to ?is    
h\r1 & w nev] be de/roy$  :ile we/]n    
civilisation endures4           99      
99       99       99       99    ,!     
plates are pr9t$ by ,,bemrose  ,,sons1  
,,ltd41 ,d]by & ,london    ,! text at ! 
,,ballantyne ,,press1 ,ed9burgh      ,9 
,! ,same ,s]ies      ,arti/4            
,au?or4      ,,velazquez4            ,s4

 ,l4 ,b5susan4    ,,reynolds4           
,s4 ,l4 ,b5susan4    ,,turn]4           
,c4 ,lewis ,h9d4    ,,romney4           
,c4 ,lewis ,h9d4    ,,greuze4           
,alys ,eyre ,mackl94    ,,botticelli4   
,h5ry ,b4 ,b9ns4    ,,rossetti4         
,luci5 ,piss>ro4    ,,bell9i4           
,george ,hay4    ,,fra ,,angelico4      
,james ,mason4    ,,rembr&t4            
,josef ,israels4    ,,leighton4         
,a4 ,lys ,baldry4    ,,raphael4         
,paul ,g4 ,konody4    ,,holman ,,hunt4  
,m>y ,e4 ,col]idge4    ,,titian4        
,s4 ,l4 ,b5susan4    ,,millais4         
,a4 ,lys ,baldry4    ,,c>lo ,,dolci4    
,george ,hay4    ,,ga9sbor\gh4          
,max ,ro?s*ild4    ,,t9toretto4         
,s4 ,l4 ,b5susan4    ,,lu9i4            
,james ,mason4    ,,franz ,,hals4       
,edgcumbe ,/aley4    ,,van ,,dyck4      
,p]cy ,m4 ,turn]4    ,,leon>do ,,da     
,,v9ci4    ,m4 ,w4 ,brockwell4          
,,rub5s4               ,s4 ,l4 ,b5susan4
    ,,:i/l]4             ,t4 ,m>t9      
,wood4    ,,holbe94              ,s4 ,l4

 ,b5susan4      ,9 ,prep>ation          
,,burne-,,jones4          ,a4 ,lys      
,baldry4    ,,vig,e ,,le ,,brun4        
,c4 ,haldane ,mac,fall4    ,,*>d94      
,paul ,g4 ,konody4    ,j4 ,f4 ,,millet4 
,p]cy ,m4 ,turn]4    ,,meml9c4          
,w4 ,h4 ,james ,weale4    ,,alb]t       
,d,,r]4         ,h]b]t ,fur/4           
,,fragon>d4            ,c4 ,haldane     
,mac,fall4    ,,con/able4            ,c4
 ,lewis ,h9d4    ,,raeburn4             
,james ,l4 ,caw4    ,,b\*]4             
,c4 ,haldane ,mac,fall4    ,,watteau4   
,c4 ,lewis ,h9d4    ,,murillo4          
,s4 ,l4 ,b5susan4      ,& ,o!rs4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! bookli/         
adv]tisem5t above has be5 mov$  f       
physical page ii to ! end ( ! text4