,,! ,,complete ,,works ,,( ,,c\nt ,,tol/,y ,,volume ,,xx4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,yell[ ,p]il ,photogravure aft] ,orig9al ,design by ,emp]or ,william ,,ii4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,is ,,)9 ,,y ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,patriotism ,,miscellanies ,by ,,c\nt ,,lev ,n4 ,,tol/,y ,translat$ f ! ,orig9al ,russian & ,edit$ by ,,leo ,,wi5] ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,slavic ,languages at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,illu/ration3 ,tol/oy ,,bo/on--,,dana ,,e/es ,,company--,,publi%]s ,,edition ,,de ,,luxe ,limit$ to ,"o ,?\s& ,copies1 ( :i* ?is is ,no4 ,copyright1 #aije ,,by ,,dana ,,e/es ,,company ,ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall ,colonial ,press3 ,electrotyp$ & ,pr9t$ by ,c4 ,h4 ,simonds ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,is ,,)9 ,,y #a ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,patriotism #cha ,,reason ,,& ,,religion #dei ,,patriotism ,,or ,,peace #dfg ,,lett] ,,to ,,erne/ ,,h[>d ,,crosby #dha ,,introductions ,,to ,,books ,a4 ,,/ockham',s ,,tokology #dii ,,amiel',s ,,di>y #eja ,s4 ,t4 ,,sem,,nov',s ,,peasant ,,/ories #ejf ,,works ,,( ,,guy ,,de ,,maupassant #eji ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,,! ,,yell[ ,,p]il 7p4 #dgg7 ,frontispiece ,,william ,,lloyd ,,g>rison #f ,,russian ,,peasants ,,at ,,mass #ge ,,*ur* ,,( ,,vas,,li ,,! ,,bless$1 ,,mosc[ #he ,,mal,,vannians #cie ,,alex&] ,,iii4 #ddi ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,is ,,)9 ,,y ,or1 ,*ri/ianity ,n z a ,my/ical ,tea*+ b z a ,new ,concept ( ,life #ahic ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,is ,,)9 ,,y ,or1 ,*ri/ianity ,n z a ,my/ical ,tea*+ b z a ,new ,concept ( ,life ,& ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free 7,john viii4 #bc74 ,& fe> n !m :i* kill ! body1 b are n able to kill ! s\l3 b r fe> him :i* is able to de/roy bo? s\l & body 9 hell 7,matt4 x4 #bh74 ,ye are b\ght ) a price2 be n ye ! s]vants ( m5 7#a4 ,cor4 vii4 #bc74 ,9 ! ye> #ahhd ,i wrote a book "u ! title1 ,my ,religion4 ,9 ?is book ,i really exp\nd$ :at my religion is4 ,9 exp\nd+ my belief 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+1 ,i c\ld n help b express ! reason :y ,i d n believe 9 ! ecclesia/ic fai?1 :i* is g5]ally call$ ,*ri/ianity1 & :y ,i consid] x to be a delusion4 ,among ! _m deviations ( ?is tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 ,i po9t$ out ! *ief deviation1 namely1 ! failure to ackn[l$ge ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance to evil1 :i* m obvi\sly ?an any o!r %[s ! di/ortion ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 ! *ur* doctr9e4 ,i knew v little1 l ! re/ ( u1 z to :at _h be5 done & prea*$ & writt5 9 =m] days on ?is subject ( non-resi/ance to evil4 ,i knew :at _h be5 said on ?is subject by ! fa!rs ( ! *ur*1 ,orig51 ,t]tullian1 & o!rs1 & ,i knew also t !re h exi/$ c]ta9 s-call$ sects ( ! ,m5nonites1 ,h]rnhut]s1 ,quak]s1 :o d n admit = a ,*ri/ian ! use ( weapons & :o d n ent] milit>y s]vice1 b :at _h be5 done by ^! s-call$ sects = ! solution ( ?is "q 0 q unkn[n to me4 ,my book1 z ,i expect$1 0 held back by ! ,russian c5sor1 b1 p>tly 9 consequ5ce ( my reputation z a writ]1 p>tly because x int]e/$ p1 ?is book 0 dissem9at$ 9 manuscripts & li?ographic repr9ts 9 ,russia & 9 translations abroad1 & call$ =?1 on ! "o h&1 on ! "p ( m5 :o %>$ my views1 a s]ies ( ref]5ces to works writt5 on ! subject1 &1 on ! o!r1 a s]ies ( criticisms on ! ?\ghts express$ 9 t book itself4 ,bo?1 toge!r ) ! hi/orical ph5om5a ( rec5t times1 h made _m ?+s cle> to me & h br\ght me to new d$uctions & conclusions1 :i* ,i wi% to express4 ,fir/ ,i %all tell ( ! in=mation :i* ,i receiv$ conc]n+ ! hi/ory ( ! "q ( non-resi/ance to evil1 !n ( ! op9ions on ?is subject :i* 7 express$ by ecclesia/ic critics1 t is1 su* z pr(ess ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & also by laym51 t is1 su* z d n pr(ess ! ,*ri/ian religion2 & f9ally1 ^? d$uctions to :i* ,i 0 br\ght by bo? & by ! hi/orical ev5ts ( rec5t times4 ,i4 ,among ! fir/ answ]s to my book !re came "s lett]s f ! ,am]ican ,quak]s4 ,9 ^! lett]s1 :i* express _! sympa?y ) my views conc]n+ ! unlawfulness = ,*ri/ianity ( all viol5ce & w>1 ! ,quak]s in=m$ me ( ! details ( _! s-call$ sect1 :i* = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s has 9 fact pr(ess$ ,*ri/'s tea*+ ab\t non-resi/ance to evil1 & :i* has us$ no arms 9 ord] to def5d itself4 ,) _! lett]s1 ! ,quak]s s5t me _! pamphlets1 p]iodicals1 & books4 ,f ^! p]iodicals1 pamphlets1 & books :i* !y s5t me ,i le>n$ to :at ext5t !y _h _m ye>s ago inconte/ably prov$ ! obligation = a ,*ri/ian to fulfil ! comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance to evil & _h laid b>e ! incorrectness ( ! *ur* tea*+1 :i* admitt$ executions & w>s4 ,hav+ prov$1 by a :ole s]ies ( consid]ations & texts1 t w>1 t is1 ! maim+ & kill+ ( m51 is incompatible ) a religion :i* is bas$ on love ( peace & good-w to m51 ! ,quak]s affirm & prove t no?+ has s mu* contribut$ to ! obscuration ( ,*ri/'s tru? 9 ! eyes ( ! pagans & imp$$ ! dissem9ation ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! _w z ! non-ackn[l$gm5t ( ?is comm&m5t by m5 :o call$ !mselves ,*ri/ians1--z ! p]mission grant$ to a ,*ri/ian to wage w> & use viol5ce4 ,*ri/'s tea*+1 :i* ent]$ into ! consci\sness ( m51 n by means ( ! sword & ( viol5ce1 !y say1 b by means ( non-resi/ance to evil1 c be dissem9at$ 9 ! _w only ?r\gh humility1 meekness1 peace1 concord1 & love among its foll[]s4 ,a ,*ri/ian1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,god ,himself1 c be guid$ 9 8 relations to m5 by peace only1 & s !re _c be su* an au?ority z w\ld compel a ,*ri/ian to act contr>y to ,god's tea*+ & contr>y to ! *ief prop]ty ( a ,*ri/ian 9 relation to ^? :o are ne> to him4 ,! rule ( /ate necessity1 !y say1 may compel ^? to become untrue to ,god's law1 :o = ! sake ( worldly advantages try to h>monize :at _c be h>moniz$1 b = a ,*ri/ian1 :o s9c]ely believes 9 ?is1 t ! adh]5ce to ,*ri/'s tea*+ gives him salvation1 ?is rule c h no mean+4 ,my acqua9tance ) ! activity ( ! ,quak]s & ) _! writ+s1--) ,fox1 ,pa9e1 & especially ) ,dymond's book 7#ahbg71--%[$ me t n only _h ! impossibility ( unit+ ,*ri/ianity ) viol5ce & w> be5 recogniz$ long ago1 b t ?is incompatibility _h long ago be5 prov$ s cle>ly & s inconte/ably t "o has only to m>vel h[ ?is impossible connection ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ ) viol5ce1 :i* has be5 prea*$ all ?is "t by ! *ur*es1 c\ld h be5 cont9u$4 ,besides ! in=mation receiv$ by me f ! ,quak]s1 ,i1 at ab\t ! same "t1 receiv$1 aga9 f ,am]ica1 in=mation 9 reg>d to ! same subject f an entirely diff]5t s\rce1 :i* _h be5 q unkn[n to me be=e4 ,! son ( ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison1 ! fam\s *ampion = ! lib]ation ( ! negroes1 wrote to me t1 :5 he read my book1 9 :i* he f\nd ideas resembl+ ^? express$ by 8 fa!r 9 #ahch1 he1 assum+ t x might be int]e/+ = me to "k ?is1 s5t me ! ,decl>ation ( ,non-resi/ance1 :i* 8 fa!r _h made ab\t fifty ye>s ago4 ,illu/ration3 ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison ,photogravure f ,photograph ,?is decl>ation _h its orig9 "u ! foll[+ conditions3 ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison1 9 speak+ be=e a society = ! e/abli%m5t ( peace among m51 :i* exi/$ 9 ,am]ica 9 #ahch1 ab\t ! measures = aboli%+ w>1 came to ! conclusion t ! e/abli%m5t ( univ]sal peace c\ld be bas$ only on ! obvi\s recognition ( ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance to evil 7,matt4 v4 #ci7 9 all its significance1 z ?is 0 und]/ood by ! ,quak]s1 ) :om ,g>rison /ood 9 fri5dly relations4 ,:5 he came to ?is conclusion1 he =mulat$ & propos$ to ! society ! foll[+ decl>ation1 :i* 0 !n1 9 #ahch1 sign$ by _m memb]s4 ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,s5tim5ts ,,adopt$ ,,by ,,! ,,peace ,,conv5tion1 ,,held ,,9 ,,bo/on ,,9 #ahch ,we1 ! und]sign$1 reg>d x z due to ourselves1 to ! cause :i* we love1 to ! c\ntry 9 :i* we live1 & to ! _w1 to publi% a ,decl>ation1 expressive ( ! pr9ciples we *]i%1 ! purposes we aim to accompli%1 & ! measures we %all adopt to c>ry =w>d ! "w ( peaceful & univ]sal re=mation4 ,we _c ackn[l$ge allegiance to any human gov]nm5t4444 ,we recognize b "o ,k+ & ,lawgiv]1 "o ,judge & ,rul] ( mank9d4444 ,our c\ntry is ! _w1 our c\ntrym5 are all mank9d4 ,we love ! l& ( our nativity1 only z we love all o!r l&s4 ,! int]e/s1 rights1 & lib]ties ( ,am]ican citiz5s are no m de> to u ?an are ^? ( ! :ole human race4 ,h5ce we c all[ no appeal to patriotism1 to rev5ge any national insult or injury4444 ,we conceive1 t if a nation has no "r to def5d itself aga9/ =eign enemies1 or to puni% its invad]s1 no individual possesses t "r 9 8 own case4 ,! unit _c be ( great] importance ?an ! aggregate4444 ,b if a rapaci\s & blood?ir/y soldi]y1 ?rong+ ^! %ores f abroad1 ) int5t to commit rap9e & de/roy life1 may n be resi/$ by ! p or magi/racy1 !n ought no resi/ance to be (f]$ to dome/ic tr\bl]s ( ! public peace1 or ( private security4444 ,! dogma1 t all ! gov]nm5ts ( ! _w are approv+ly orda9$ ( ,god1 & t ! p[]s t be 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,russia1 9 ,turkey1 are 9 accordance ) ,8 w1 is n less absurd ?an impi\s4 ,x makes ! imp>tial ,au?or ( human fre$om & equality unequal & tyrannical4 ,x _c be affirm$ t ! p[]s t be1 9 any nation1 are actuat$ by ! _s1 or guid$ by ! example ( ,*ri/1 9 ! treatm5t ( enemies3 !re=e1 !y _c be agreeable to ! w ( ,god3 &1 !re=e1 _! ov]?r[1 by a spiritual reg5]ation ( _! subjects1 is inevitable4 ,we regi/] our te/imony1 n only aga9/ all w>s1 :e!r (f5sive or def5sive1 b all prep>ations = w>2 aga9/ e naval %ip1 e ars5al1 e =tification2 aga9/ ! militia sy/em & a /&+ army2 aga9/ all milit>y *iefta9s & soldi]s2 aga9/ all monum5ts commemorative ( victory ov] a =eign foe1 all trophies won 9 battle1 all celebrations 9 hon\r ( milit>y or naval exploits3 aga9/ all appropriations = ! def5ce ( a nation by =ce & arms on ! "p ( any legislative body2 aga9/ e edict ( gov]nm5t1 requir+ ( its subjects milit>y s]vice4 ,h5ce1 we deem x unlawful to be> arms1 or to hold a milit>y (fice4 ,z e human gov]nm5t is upheld by physical /r5g?1 & its laws are en=c$ virtually at ! po9t ( ! bayonet1 we _c hold any (fice :i* imposes ^u its incumb5t ! obligation to d "r1 on pa9 ( imprisonm5t or dea?4 ,we !re=e volunt>ily exclude ourselves f e legislative & judicial body1 & repudiate all human politics1 worldly hon\rs1 & /ations ( au?ority4 ,if we _c occupy a seat 9 ! legislature1 or on ! b5*1 nei!r c we elect o!rs to act z our sub/itutes 9 any su* capacity4 ,x foll[s t we _c sue any man at law1 to compel him by =ce to re/ore any?+ :i* he may h wrongfully tak5 f u or o!rs2 b1 if he has seiz$ our coat1 we %all surr5d] up our cloak1 r ?an subject him to puni%m5t4 ,we believe t ! p5al code ( ! old cov5ant1 ,an eye = an eye1 & a too? = a too?1 has be5 abrogat$ by ,jesus ,*ri/2 & t1 "u ! new cov5ant1 ! =giv5ess1 in/ead ( ! puni%m5t ( enemies1 has be5 enjo9$ ^u all ,8 disciples1 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,to extort money f enemies1 or set !m ^u a pillory1 or ca/ !m into prison1 or hang !m ^u a gall[s1 is obvi\sly n to =give1 b to take retribution4444 ,! hi/ory ( mank9d is cr[d$ ) evid5ces1 prov+ t physical co]cion is n adapt$ to moral reg5]ation2 t ! s9ful disposition ( man c be subdu$ only by love2 t evil c be ext]m9at$ f ! e>? only by goodness2 t x is n safe to rely ^u an arm ( fle% 444 to pres]ve u f h>m2 t !re is great security 9 be+ g5tle1 h>mless1 long-suff]+1 & abundant 9 m]cy2 t x is only ! meek :o %all inh]it ! e>?1 = ! viol5t1 :o resort to ! sword1 %all p]i% ) ! sword4 ,h5ce1 z a measure ( s\nd policy1 ( safety to prop]ty1 life1 & lib]ty1 ( public quietude1 & private enjoym5t1 z well z on ! gr\nd ( allegiance to ,him :o is ,k+ ( k+s1 & ,"l ( lords1 we cordially adopt ! non-resi/ance pr9ciple2 be+ confid5t t x provides = all possible consequ5ces1 w ensure all ?+s ne$ful to u1 is arm$ ) omnipot5t p[]1 & mu/ ultimately triumph ov] e assail+ foe4 ,we advocate no jacob9ical doctr9es4 ,! _s ( jacob9ism is ! _s ( retaliation1 viol5ce1 & murd]4 ,x nei!r fe>s ,god1 nor reg>ds man4 ,we w\ld be fill$ ) ! _s ( ,*ri/4 ,if we abide by our pr9ciples1 x is impossible = u to be disord]ly1 or plot treason1 or p>ticipate 9 any evil "w3 we %all submit to e ord9ance ( man1 = ! ,"l's sake2 obey all ! requirem5ts ( gov]nm5t1 except su* z we deem contr>y to ! comm&s ( ! gospel2 & 9 no wise resi/ ! op]ation ( law1 except by meekly submitt+ to ! p5alty ( disob$i5ce4 ,b1 :ile we %all adh]e to ! doctr9es ( non-resi/ance & passive submission to enemies1 we purpose1 9 a moral & spiritual s5se1 to speak & act boldly 9 ! cause ( ,god2 to assail iniquity 9 high places & 9 l[ places2 to apply our pr9ciples to all exi/+ civil1 political1 legal1 & ecclesia/ical in/itutions2 & to ha/5 ! "t :5 ! k+doms ( ?is _w %all become ! k+dom ( our ,"l & ( ,8 ,*ri/1 & ,he %all reign = ev]4 ,x appe>s to u z a self-evid5t tru?1 t1 :atev] ! gospel is design$ to de/roy1 any p]iod ( ! _w1 be+ contr>y to x1 ought n[ to be ab&on$4 ,if1 !n1 ! "t is pr$ict$1 :5 swords %all be beat5 into pl\gh%>es1 & spe>s into prun+-hooks1 & m5 %all n le>n ! art ( w> any m1 x foll[s t all :o manufacture1 sell1 or wield ^! deadly weapons d ?us array !mselves aga9/ ! peaceful dom9ion ( ! ,son ( ,god on e>?4 ,hav+ ?us briefly1 b frankly1 /at$ our pr9ciples & purposes1 we proce$ to specify ! measures we propose to adopt1 9 c>ry+ our object into effect4 ,we expect to prevail ?r\gh ! fooli%ness ( prea*+--/riv+ to comm5d ourselves unto e man's consci5ce1 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,f ! press1 we %all promulgate our s5tim5ts z widely z practicable4 ,we %all endeav\r to secure ! cop]ation ( all p]sons1 ( :atev] "n or sect4444 ,h5ce we %all employ lectures1 circulate tracts & publications1 =m societies1 & petition our ,/ate & national gov]nm5ts 9 relation to ! subject ( univ]sal peace4 ,x w be our lead+ object to devise ways & means = effect+ a radical *ange 9 ! views1 feel+s1 & practices ( society respect+ ! s9fulness ( w>1 & ! treatm5t ( enemies4 ,9 ent]+ ^u ! great "w be=e u1 we are n unm9dful t1 9 its prosecution1 we may be call$ to te/ our s9c]ity1 ev5 z 9 a fi]y ordeal4 ,x may subject u to insult1 outrage1 suff]+1 yea1 ev5 dea? itself4 ,we anticipate no small am\nt ( misconception1 misrepres5tation1 calumny4 ,tumults may arise aga9/ u4 ,! ungodly & ! viol5t1 ! pr\d & ph>isaical1 ! ambiti\s & tyrannical1 pr9cipalities & p[]s1 & spiritual wick$ness 9 high places1 may comb9e to cru% u4 ,s !y treat$ ! ,messiah1 ^: example we are humbly /riv+ to imitate4444 ,we %all n be afraid ( _! t]ror1 nei!r be tr\bl$4 ,our confid5ce is 9 ! ,"l ,almighty1 n 9 man4 ,hav+ )drawn f human protection1 :at c su/a9 u b t fai? :i* ov]comes ! _w8 ,we %all n ?9k x /range conc]n+ ! fi]y ordeal :i* is to try u1 z ?\gh "s /range ?+ _h happ5$ unto u2 b rejoice1 inasmu* z we are p>tak]s ( ,*ri/'s suff]+s4 ,:]e=e1 we commit ! keep+ ( our s\ls to ,god1 9 well-do+1 z unto a fai?ful ,creator4 ',= e "o t =sakes h\ses1 or bre?r51 or si/]s1 or fa!r1 or "m1 or wife1 or *ildr51 or l&s1 = ,*ri/'s sake1 %all receive an hundr$fold1 & %all inh]it ev]la/+ life4' ,firmly rely+ ^u ! c]ta9 & univ]sal triumph ( ! s5tim5ts conta9$ 9 ?is ,decl>ation1 h[ev] =midable may be ! opposition array$ aga9/ !m1 9 solemn te/imony ( our fai? 9 _! div9e orig91 we h]eby affix our signatures to x2 comm5d+ x to ! reason & consci5ce ( mank9d1 giv+ ourselves no anxiety z to :at may befall u1 & resolv+1 9 ! /r5g? ( ! ,"l ,god1 calmly & meekly to abide ! issue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,imm$iately aft] ?is decl>ation ,g>rison f\nd$ a society ( non-resi/ance1 & a p]iodical1 call$ ,! ,non-,resi/ant1 9 :i* 0 prea*$ ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance 9 all its significance & ) all its consequ5ces1 z x _h be5 express$ 9 ! ,decl>ation4 ,! in=mation z to ! lat] fate ( ! society & ! p]iodical ( non-resi/ance ,i receiv$ f ! beautiful biography ( ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison1 writt5 by 8 sons4 ,! society & ! p]iodical did n exi/ long3 ! majority ( ,g>rison's collaborators 9 matt]s ( free+ ! slaves1 fe>+ le/ ! too radical dem&s1 z express$ 9 ,! ,non-,resi/ant1 might repel p f ! practical "w ( ! lib]ation ( ! negroes1 refus$ to pr(ess ! pr9ciple ( non-resi/ance1 z x _h be5 express$ 9 ! ,decl>ation1 & ! society & ! p]iodical ceas$ to exi/4 ,?is ,decl>ation by ,g>rison1 :i* s p[]fully & s beautifully express$ su* an important pr(ession ( fai?1 ought1 x seems1 to h />tl$ m5 & to h become univ]sally kn[n & a subject ( wide discussion4 ,b no?+ ( ! k9d happ5$4 ,x is n only unkn[n 9 ,europe1 b ev5 among ! ,am]icans1 :o s highly e/eem ,g>rison's memory1 ?is decl>ation is almo/ unkn[n4 ,! same +lori\sness has fall5 to ! %>e ( ano!r *ampion ( non-resi/ance to evil1 ! ,am]ican ,ad9 ,ball\1 :o lately di$1 & :o prea*$ ?is doctr9e = fifty ye>s4 ,h[ little is kn[n ( :at ref]s to ! "q ( non-resi/ance may be se5 f ! fact t ,g>rison's son1 :o has writt5 an excell5t biography ( 8 fa!r 9 f\r volumes1 ?is son ( ,g>rison1 9 reply to my "q :e!r ! society ( non-resi/ance 0 /ill 9 exi/5ce1 & :e!r !re 7 any foll[]s ( x1 answ]$ me t s f> z he knew ! society _h fall5 to pieces1 & !re exi/$ no foll[]s ( ?is doctr9e1 :]eas at ! "t ( 8 writ+1 !re liv$ 9 ,hop$ale1 ,massa*usetts1 ,ad9 ,ball\1 :o _h tak5 "p 9 ,g>rison's lab\rs & _h devot$ fifty ye>s ( 8 life to ! oral & pr9t$ propag&a ( ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance4 ,lat] on ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,wilson1 a disciple & assi/ant ( ,ball\1 & ent]$ into direct communication ) ,ball\ himself4 ,i wrote to ,ball\1 & he answ]$ me & s5t me 8 writ+s4 ,"h are a few extracts f !m3 ,jesus ,*ri/ is my ,"l & ,ma/]1 says ,ball\ 9 "o ( ! articles1#a 9 :i* he arraigns ! inconsi/5cy ( ! ,*ri/ians :o recognize ! "r ( def5ce & w>4 ,i h cov5ant$ to =sake all & foll[ ,him1 ?r\gh good & evil report1 until dea?4 ,b ,i am nev]!less a ,democratic-,republican citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 implicitly sworn to be> true allegiance to my c\ntry1 & to support its ,con/itution1 if ne$ be1 ) my life4 ,jesus ,*ri/ requires me to d unto o!rs z ,i w\ld t o!rs %\ld d unto me4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates requires me to d unto tw5ty-sev5 hundr$ slaves 7!re 7 slaves !n1 n[ we may put ! work+ p 9 _! place7 ! v contr>y ( :at ,i w\ld h !m d unto me1 viz41 assi/ to keep !m 9 a griev\s bondage4444 ,b ,i am q easy4 ,i vote on4 ,i help gov]n on4 ,i am will+ to hold any (fice ,i may be elect$ to "u ! ,con/itution4 ,& ,i am /ill a ,*ri/ian4 ,i pr(ess on4 ,i f9d no difficulty 9 keep+ cov5ant bo? ) ,*ri/ & ! ,con/itution4444 #a ,9 ,! ,non-,resi/ant1 ,vol4 i41 ,no4 #d1 ,hop$ale1 ,mil=d1 ,mass41 ,feb4 #ae1 #ahde4 ,jesus ,*ri/ =bids me to resi/ evil-do]s by tak+ 'eye = eye1 too? = too?1 blood = blood1 & life = life4' ,my gov]nm5t requires ! v rev]se1 & dep5ds1 = its own self-pres]vation1 on ! halt]1 ! musket1 & ! sword1 seasonably employ$ aga9/ its dome/ic & =eign enemies4 ,accord+ly1 ! l& is well furni%$ ) gibbets1 prisons1 ars5als1 tra9-b&s1 soldi]s1 & %ips-(-w>4 ,9 ! ma9t5ance & use ( ?is exp5sive life-de/roy+ app>atus1 we c exemplify ! virtues ( =giv+ our injur]s1 lov+ our enemies1 bless+ !m t curse u1 & do+ good to ^? t hate u4 ,= ?is reason1 we h regul> ,*ri/ian *apla9s to pray = u1 & call d[n ! s9s ( ,god on our holy murd]]s4444 ,i see x all2 & yet ,i insi/ t ,i am z good a ,*ri/ian z ev]4 ,i fell[%ip all2 ,i vote on2 ,i help gov]n on2 ,i pr(ess on2 & ,i glory 9 be+ at once a devot$ ,*ri/ian1 & a no less devot$ adh]5t to ! exi/+ gov]nm5t4 ,i w n give 9 to ^? mis]able non-resi/ant notions4 ,i w n ?r[ away my political influ5ce1 & leave unpr9cipl$ m5 to c>ry on gov]nm5t alone4444 ,! ,con/itution says1 ',congress %all h p[] to decl>e w>4'444 ,i agree to ?is4 ,i endorse x4 ,i swe> to help c>ry x ?r\gh4444 ,:at !n1 am ,i less a ,*ri/ian8 ,is n w> a ,*ri/ian s]vice8 ,is x n p]fectly ,*ri/ian to murd] hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( fell[ human be+s2 to ravi% def5celess females1 sack & burn cities1 & exact all ! o!r cruelties ( w>8 ,out ^u ^! new-fangl$ scruples6 ,?is is ! v way to =give injuries1 & love our enemies6 ,if we only d x all 9 true love1 no?+ c be m ,*ri/ian ?an :olesale murd]6 ,9 ano!r pamphlet1 "u ! title1 ,h[ ,_m ,does ,x ,take8#b he says1 ,h[ _m does x take to metamorphose wick$ness into righte\sness8 ,"o man mu/ n kill4 ,if he does1 x is murd]4 ,two1 t51 "o hundr$ m51 act+ on _! own responsibility1 mu/ n kill4 ,if !y d1 x is /ill murd]4 ,b a /ate or nation may kill z _m z !y please1 & x is no murd]4 ,x is j1 necess>y1 comm5dable1 & "r4 ,only get p en\gh to agree to x1 & ! but*]y ( myriads ( human be+s is p]fectly innoc5t4 ,b h[ _m m5 does x take8 ,?is is ! "q4 ,j s ) !ft1 robb]y1 burgl>y1 & all o!r crimes4444 ,b a :ole nation c commit x4444 ,b h[ _m does x take8#c #b ,n a pamphlet1 b an article 9 ,! ,non-,resi/ant1 ,vol4 i4 ,no4 #d1 & v imp]fectly quot$ by ,tol/y4 #c ,to ?is ,tol/y adds1 on 8 own responsibility3 ,:y mu/ "o1 t51 "o hundr$ m5 n violate ,god's law1 :ile v _m may8 ,"h is ,ball\'s cate*ism1 compos$ = 8 flock 7,! ,cate*ism ( ,non-,resi/ance#d73 #d ,translat$ freely1 ) "s omissions4--,au?or's ,note4 ,i fail to f9d ?is ,cate*ism 9 any ( ,ball\'s writ+s accessible 9 & ab\t ,bo/on4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to ^! que/ions & answ]s is f\nd scatt]$ ?r\gh\t 8 ,*ri/ian ,non-,resi/ance1 9 ,its ,important ,be>+s1 ,illu/rat$ & ,def5d$1 ,philadelphia1 #ahdf4 ,q4 ,:5ce orig9at$ ! t]m non-resi/ance8 ,a4 ,f ! injunction1 ,resi/ n evil1 ,matt4 v4 #ci4 ,q4 ,:at does ! t]m signify8 ,a4 ,x expresses a high ,*ri/ian virtue1 prescrib$ by ,*ri/4 ,q4 ,is ! ^w resi/ance to be tak5 9 its wide/ mean+1 t is1 z %[+ t no resi/ance :atev] is to be %[n to evil8 ,a4 ,no1 x is to be tak5 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ,savi\r's injunction2 t is1 we are n to retaliate evil ) evil4 ,evil is to be resi/$ by all j means1 b nev] ) evil4 ,q4 ,f :at c we see t ,*ri/ 9 su* cases prescrib$ non-resi/ance8 ,a4 ,f ! words :i* ,he !n us$4 ,he said1 ,ye h he>d t x ha? be5 said1 ,an eye = an eye1 & a too? = a too?4 ,b ,i say unto y t ye resi/ n evil2 b :osoev] %all smite !e on ?y "r *eek1 turn to him ! o!r also4 ,& if any man w sue !e at ! law1 & take away ?y coat1 let him h ?y cloak also4 ,q4 ,to :om does ,jesus ref] 9 ! words1 ,x has be5 said8 ,a4 ,to ! patri>*s & prophets1 to :at !y said1--to :at is conta9$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* ! ,jews g5]ally call ! ,law & ! ,prophets4 ,q4 ,:at injunctions did ,*ri/ mean by ,x ha? be5 said8 ,a4 ,^? injunctions by :i* ,noah1 ,moses1 & o!r prophets au?orize m5 to inflict p]sonal injury on injur]s1 9 ord] to puni% & de/roy evil4 ,q4 ,quote ^! precepts4 ,a4 ,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$3 = 9 ! image ( ,god made ,he man 7,g54 ix4 #f74 ,he t smite? a man1 s t he die1 %all be surely put to dea?1 & if any mis*ief foll[1 !n ?\ %alt give life = life1 eye = eye1 too? = too?1 h& = h&1 foot = foot1 burn+ = burn+1 w\nd = w\nd1 /ripe = /ripe 7,ex4 xxi4 #ab1 #bc-be74 ,& he t kille? any man %all surely be put to dea?4 ,& if a man cause a blemi% 9 8 neighb\r2 z he ha? done1 s %all x be done to him3 brea* = brea*1 eye = eye1 too? = too?3 z he ha? caus$ a blemi% 9 a man1 s %all x be done to him aga9 7,lev4 xxiv4 #ag1 #ai1 #bj74 ,& ! judges %all make dilig5t inquisition3 &1 behold1 if ! witness be a false witness1 & ha? te/ifi$ falsely aga9/ 8 bro!r2 !n %all ye d unto him1 z he _h ?\ght to h done unto 8 bro!r3 & ?9e eye %all n pity2 b life %all g = life1 eye = eye1 too? = too?1 h& = h&1 foot = foot 7,deut4 xix4 #ah1 #ai1 #ba74 ,^! are ! precepts ( :i* ,jesus is speak+4 ,noah1 ,moses1 & ! prophets taught t he :o kills1 maims1 & tortures 8 neighb\rs does evil4 ,to resi/ su* evil & de/roy x1 ! do] ( evil is to be puni%$ by dea? or maim+ or "s p]sonal injury4 ,insult is to be oppos$ to insult1 murd] to murd]1 torture to torture1 evil to evil4 ,?us taught ,noah1 ,moses1 & ! prophets4 ,b ,*ri/ d5ies x all4 ,b ,i say unto y1 x says 9 ! ,gospel1 t ye resi/ n evil1 resi/ n an insult ) an insult1 b r be> ! repeat$ insult f ! do] ( evil4 ,:at 0 au?oriz$ is prohibit$4 ,if we und]/& :at k9d ( resi/ance !y taught1 we cle>ly see :at we are taught by ,*ri/'s non-resi/ance4 ,q4 ,did ! anci5ts au?orize ! resi/ance ( insult ) insult8 ,a4 ,yes2 b ,jesus prohibit$ ?is4 ,a ,*ri/ian has "u no condition ! "r to deprive ( life or to subject to insult him :o does evil to 8 neighb\r4 ,q4 ,may a man kill or maim ano!r 9 self-def5ce8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,may he ent] a c\rt ) a compla9t1 to h 8 insult] puni%$8 ,a4 ,no2 = :at he is do+ ?r\gh o!rs1 he is 9 reality do+ 9 8 own p]son4 ,q4 ,may he fight ) an army aga9/ enemies1 or aga9/ dome/ic rebels8 ,a4 ,( c\rse n4 ,he _c take any "p 9 w> or w>like prep>ations4 ,he _c use dea?-deal+ arms4 ,he _c resi/ injury ) injury1 no matt] :e!r he be alone or ) o!rs1 ?r\gh himself or ?r\gh o!rs4 ,q4 ,may he *oose or fit out milit>y m5 = ! gov]nm5t8 ,a4 ,he c d no?+ ( ! k9d1 if he wi%es to be true to ,*ri/'s law4 ,q4 ,may he volunt>ily give money1 to aid ! gov]nm5t1 :i* is support$ by milit>y =ces1 capital puni%m5t1 & viol5ce 9 g5]al8 ,a4 ,no1 if ! money is n int5d$ = "s special object1 j 9 itself1 :]e ! aim & means are good4 ,q4 ,may he pay taxes to su* a gov]nm5t8 ,a4 ,no2 he mu/ n volunt>ily pay ! taxes1 b he mu/ also n resi/ _! collection4 ,! taxes impos$ by ! gov]nm5t are collect$ indep5d5tly ( ! w ( ! subjects4 ,x is impossible to resi/ ! collection1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to viol5ce2 b a ,*ri/ian mu/ n use viol5ce1 & s he mu/ give up 8 prop]ty to ! viol5ce :i* is ex]t$ by ! p[]s4 ,q4 ,may a ,*ri/ian vote at elections & take "p 9 a c\rt or 9 ! gov]nm5t8 ,a4 ,no2 ! p>ticipation 9 elections1 9 ! c\rt1 or 9 ! gov]nm5t1 is a p>ticipation 9 gov]nm5tal viol5ce4 ,q4 ,9 :at does ! *ief significance ( ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance consi/8 ,a4 ,9 t x alone makes x possible to te> ! evil out by ! root1 bo? out ( "o's own he>t & out ( ! neighb\r's he>t4 ,?is doctr9e =bids do+ t by :i* evil is p]petuat$ & multipli$4 ,he :o attacks ano!r & insults him1 eng5d]s 9 ano!r ! s5tim5t ( hatr$1 ! root ( all evil4 ,to (f5d ano!r1 because he (f5d$ u1 = ! speci\s reason ( remov+ an evil1 means to repeat an evil de$1 bo? aga9/ him & aga9/ ourselves1--to beget1 or at lea/ to free1 to enc\rage1 ! v demon :om we claim we wi% to expel4 ,satan _c be driv5 out by ,satan1 untru? _c be cleans$ by untru?1 & evil _c be vanqui%$ by evil4 ,true non-resi/ance is ! "o true resi/ance to evil4 ,x kills & f9ally de/roys ! evil s5tim5t4 ,q4 ,b1 if ! idea ( ! doctr9e is "r1 is x practicable8 ,a4 ,x is z practicable z any good prescrib$ by ! ,law ( ,god4 ,! good _c "u all circum/ances be execut$ )\t self-r5unciation1 privation1 suff]+1 &1 9 extreme cases1 )\t ! loss ( life itself4 ,b he :o values life m ?an ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's w is already dead to ! "o true life4 ,su* a man1 9 try+ to save 8 life1 %all lose x4 ,besides1 9 g5]al1 :]e non-resi/ance co/s ! sacrifice ( "o life1 or ! sacrifice ( "s ess5tial good ( life1 resi/ance co/s ?\s&s ( su* sacrifices4 ,non-resi/ance pres]ves1 resi/ance de/roys4 ,x is incomp>ably saf] to act ju/ly ?an unju/ly2 to be> an insult ?an to resi/ x ) viol5ce1--x is saf] ev5 9 relation to ! pres5t life4 ,if all m5 did n resi/ evil ) evil1 ! _w w\ld be bless$4 ,q4 ,b if only a few %all act ?us1 :at w become ( !m8 ,a4 ,if only "o man act$ ?us1 & all ! o!rs agre$ to crucify him1 w\ld x n be m glori\s = him to die 9 ! triumph ( non-resi/+ love1 pray+ = 8 enemies1 ?an to live we>+ ! cr[n ( ,cs>1 bespatt]$ ) ! blood ( ! sla98 ,b "o or ?\s&s :o h firmly det]m9$ n to resi/ evil ) evil1 :e!r among ! enlight5$ or among savage neighb\rs1 are mu* saf] f viol5ce ?an ^? :o rely on viol5ce4 ,a robb]1 murd]]1 deceiv]1 w m quickly leave !m alone ?an ^? :o resi/ ) weapons4 ,!y :o take ! sword p]i% ) ! sword1 & ^? :o seek peace1 :o act 9 a fri5dly mann]1 in(f5sively1 :o =get & =give (f5ces1 = ! mo/ "p enjoy peace or1 if !y die1 die bless$4 ,?us1 if all kept ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance1 x is evid5t t !re w\ld be no (f5ces1 no evil de$s4 ,if ^! =m$ a majority1 !y w\ld e/abli% ! reign ( love & good-w1 ev5 t[>d ! ill-dispos$1 by nev] resi/+ evil ) evil1 nev] us+ viol5ce4 ,if !re 7 a consid]able m9ority ( ^!1 !y w\ld h su* a corrective1 moral effect ^u society t e cruel puni%m5t w\ld be aboli%$1 & viol5ce & enmity w\ld be *ang$ to peace & love4 ,if !re 7 b a small m9ority ( !m1 !y w\ld r>ely exp]i5ce any?+ worse ?an ! contempt ( ! _w1 & ! _w w\ld 9 ! meantime1 )\t notic+ x1 & )\t feel+ itself "u obligation1 become wis] & bett] f ?is secret influ5ce4 ,& if1 9 ! v wor/ case1 a few memb]s ( ! m9ority %\ld be p]secut$ to dea?1 ^! m51 dy+ = ! tru?1 w\ld leave beh9d !m _! tea*+1 :i* is already sanctifi$ by _! m>tyr's dea?4 ,peace be ) all :o seek peace1 & all-conqu]+ love be ! imp]i%able inh]itance ( e s\l1 :i* volunt>ily submits to ! ,law ( ,*ri/3 ,resi/ n evil4 ,9 ! c\rse ( fifty ye>s1 ,ball\ wrote & edit$ books deal+ ma9ly ) ! "q ( non-resi/ance to evil4 ,9 ^! works1 :i* are beautiful 9 _! lucidity ( ?\ght & elegance ( expression1 ! "q is discuss$ f e possible side4 ,he e/abli%es ! obligator9ess ( ?is comm&m5t = e ,*ri/ian :o pr(esses ! ,bible z a div9e revelation4 ,he adduces all ! cu/om>y retorts to ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance1 bo? f ! ,old ,te/am5t & f ! ,new1 z1 = example1 ! expulsion f ! temple1 & s =?1 & all ^! are ov]?r[n2 he %[s1 indep5d5tly ( ,scripture1 ! practical wisdom ( ?is rule1 & adduces all ! objections :i* are usually made to x1 & meets all ^! objections4 ,?us "o *apt] ( a "w ( 8 treats ( non-resi/ance to evil 9 exclusive cases1 & "h he ackn[l$ges t1 if !re 7 cases :5 ! application ( non-resi/ance to evil 7 impossible1 ?is w\ld prove t ! rule is altoge!r unt5able4 ,9 adduc+ ^! special cases1 he proves t x is precisely 9 !m t ! application ( ?is rule is necess>y & rational4 ,!re is n a s+le side ( ! "q1 ei!r = 8 foll[]s or = 8 adv]s>ies1 :i* is n inve/igat$ 9 ^! works4 ,i say all ?is1 9 ord] to %[ ! unque/ionable int]e/ :i* su* works ought to h = m5 :o pr(ess ,*ri/ianity1 & t1 !re=e1 "o w\ld ?9k ,ball\'s activity ought to h be5 kn[n1 & ! ?\ghts express$ by him ought to h be5 accept$ or refut$2 b !re has be5 no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! activity ( ,g>rison ! fa!r1 ) 8 f\ndation ( a society ( non-resi/ants & 8 decl>ation1 conv9c$ me ev5 m ?an my relations ) ! ,quak]s1 t ! dep>ture ( /ate ,*ri/ianity f ,*ri/'s law ab\t non-resi/ance to evil is some?+ t has be5 obs]v$ & po9t$ out long ago1 & t m5 h )\t cessation work$ to arraign x4 ,ball\'s activity /ill m confirm$ ?is fact to me4 ,b ! fate ( ,g>rison & especially ( ,ball\1 :o is n kn[n to any "o1 9 spite ( 8 fifty ye>s ( /ubborn & con/ant "w 9 "o & ! same direction1 has also confirm$ to me ! o!r fact1 t !re exi/s "s k9d ( unexpress$ b firm und]/&+ z to pass+ all su* attempts 9 sil5ce4 ,ball\ di$ 9 ,augu/1 #ahij1 & 8 obitu>y 0 giv5 9 an ,am]ican p]iodical ) a ,*ri/ian t5d5cy 7,religio-,philosophical ,j\rnal1 ,augu/ #bc;d74 ,9 ?is eulogi/ic obitu>y x says t ,ball\ 0 a spiritual guide ( a community1 t he deliv]$ betwe5 eight & n9e ?\s& s]mons1 m>ri$ "o ?\s& pairs1 & wrote ab\t five hundr$ articles1 b n a ^w is said ab\t ! aim to :i* he devot$ all 8 life1--! ^w non-resi/ance is n ev5 us$4 ,l all t :i* ! ,quak]s h be5 prea*+ = two hundr$ ye>s1 l ! activity ( ,g>rison ! fa!r1 ! f\ndation ( 8 society & p]iodical1 & 8 decl>ation1 s ,ball\'s :ole activity does n seem to h exi/$ at all4 ,a /rik+ example ( su* an +lori\sness ( writ+s int5d$ to elucidate non-resi/ance to evil1 & to arraign ^? :o d n recognize ?is comm&m5t1 is f\nd 9 ! fate ( ! book by ! ,bohemian ,*elcick1 :i* has b lately become kn[n & has s f> n yet be5 pr9t$4 ,soon aft] ! publication ( my book 9 ,g]man1 ,i receiv$ a lett] f a pr(essor ( ! ,prague ,univ]sity1 :i* in=m$ me ( ! exi/5ce ( a /ill unpubli%$ "w by ! ,bohemian ,*elcick1 ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 by ! "n ( ,! ,drawnet ( ,fai?4 ,9 ?is "w1 z ! pr(essor wrote me1 ,*elcick ab\t f\r c5turies ago express$ ! same view 9 reg>d to ! true & ! false ,*ri/ianity1 :i* ,i _h express$ 9 my "w1 ,my ,religion4 ,! pr(essor wrote to me t ,*elcick's "w 0 = ! fir/ "t to be publi%$ 9 ,bohemian 9 ! p]iodical ( ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,z ,i 0 unable to procure ! "w itself1 ,i tri$ to become acqua9t$ ) :at 0 kn[n ( ,*elcick1 & su* in=mation ,i got f a ,g]man book s5t me by ! same ,prague pr(essor1 & f ,pp9's ,hi/ory ( ,bohemian ,lit]ature4 ,?is is :at ,pp9 says3 ,! ,drawnet ( ,fai? is t tea*+ ( ,*ri/ :i* is to draw man out f ! d>k dep?s ( ! sea ( life & its untru?s4 ,true fai? consi/s 9 believ+ 9 ,god's words2 b n[ !re has come a "t :5 m5 consid] ! true fai? to be h]esy1 & s reason mu/ %[ :]e9 ! true fai? consi/s1 if "o does n "k x4 ,d>kness has conceal$ x f m51 & !y d n "k ,*ri/'s true law4 ,to expla9 ?is law1 ,*elcick po9ts out ! orig9al /ructure ( ,*ri/ian society1 :i*1 he says1 is n[ reg>d$ z rank h]esy by ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,?is primitive *ur* 0 8 own ideal ( a social /ructure1 bas$ on equality1 fre$om1 & bro!rhood4 ,*ri/ianity1 accord+ to ,*elcick1 /ill treasures ^! pr9ciples1 & all t is necess>y is1 t society %\ld return to its pure tea*+1 & !n any o!r ord]1 9 :i* k+s & popes are ne$$1 w\ld seem sup]flu\s3 9 ev]y?+ ! law ( love alone is suffici5t4 ,hi/orically ,*elcick ref]s ! fall ( ,*ri/ianity to ! times ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 :om ,pope ,sylve/] introduc$ into ,*ri/ianity ) all ! pagan cu/oms & life4 ,con/ant9e1 9 8 turn1 inve/$ ! ,pope ) worldly weal? & p[]4 ,s9ce !n bo? p[]s h be5 aid+ "o ano!r & h /riv5 aft] ext]nal glory4 ,doctors & ma/]s & ! cl]gy h begun to c>e only = ! subjugation ( ! :ole _w to _! dom9ion1 h arm$ m5 aga9/ "o ano!r = ! purpose ( murd]+ & plund]+1 & h completely de/roy$ ,*ri/ianity 9 fai? & 9 life4 ,*elcick absolutely d5ies ! "r to wage w> & adm9i/] capital puni%m5t2 e w>rior & ev5 'knight' is only an oppressor1 malefactor1 & murd]]4 ,! same1 except = "s biographical details & exc]pts f ,*elcick's correspond5ce1 is said 9 ! ,g]man book4 ,hav+ ?us le>n$ ! ess5ce ( ,*elcick's tea*+1 ,i ) mu* great] impati5ce wait$ = ! appe>ance ( ,! ,drawnet ( ,fai? 9 ! j\rnal ( ! ,academy4 ,b a ye>1 two1 ?ree ye>s pass$1 & ! book did n appe>4 ,only 9 #ahhh ,i le>n$ t ! pr9t+ ( ! book1 :i* _h be5 begun1 _h come to a /op4 ,i got ! pro(-%eets ( z mu* z _h be5 pr9t$1 & ,i read ! book4 ,! book is 9 e respect rem>kable4 ,! cont5ts are q correctly r5d]$ by ,pp94 ,*elcick's fundam5tal idea is ?is1 t ,*ri/ianity1 hav+ unit$ ) ! p[] 9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e & hav+ cont9u$ to develop "u ^! conditions1 has become absolutely corrupt & has ceas$ to be ,*ri/ianity4 ,! title ,! ,drawnet ( ,fai?1 0 giv5 by ,*elcick to 8 "w1 because1 tak+ = 8 motto ! v]se ( ! ,gospel ab\t call+ ! disciples to become fi%]s ( m51 ,*elcick1 cont9u+ ?is comp>ison1 says1 ,*ri/ by means ( ,8 disciples caught 9 ,8 drawnet ( fai? ! :ole _w1 b ! l>g] fi%1 te>+ ! net1 jump$ out ( x1 & ?r\gh ! holes1 :i* ^! l>g] fi% _h made1 all ! o!rs w5t away1 & ! net 0 left almo/ empty4 ,! l>ge fi% t broke ?r\gh ! net are ! rul]s1 emp]ors1 popes1 k+s1 :o1 9 n r5\nc+ _! p[]1 did n accept ,*ri/ianity1 b its semblance only4 ,*elcick taught :at has be5 taught until ! pres5t by ! ,m5nonites & ,quak]s1 & :at 9 =m] ye>s 0 taught by ! ,bogomils1 ,paulicians1 & _m o!rs4 ,he tea*es t ,*ri/ianity1 :i* dem&s f its foll[]s meekness1 humility1 k9dness1 =giv5ess ( s9s1 ! (f]+ ( ! o!r *eek :5 "o *eek has be5 smitt51 love ( enemies1 is incompatible ) viol5ce1 :i* =ms an indisp5sable condition ( p[]4 ,a ,*ri/ian1 accord+ to ,*elcick's int]pretation1 c n only n be a *ief or a soldi]1 b _c ev5 take "p 9 ! gov]nm5t1 be a m]*ant or ev5 a l&[n]2 he c be only an artisan or an agriculturi/4 ,?is book is "o ( ! extremely few t h surviv$ ! auto-da-fs ( books 9 :i* ! (ficial ,*ri/ianity is arraign$4 ,all su* books1 :i* are call$ h]etical1 h be5 burn$ toge!r ) ! au?ors1 s t !re are v few anci5t works :i* arraign ! dep>ture ( (ficial ,*ri/ianity1 & s ?is book is especially int]e/+4 ,b besides be+ int]e/+1 no matt] h[ we look ^u x1 ?is book is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable productions ( ?\ghts1 z judg$ by ! dep? ( its cont5ts1 & ! wond]ful =ce & beauty ( ! popul> language1 & its antiquity4 ,& yet ?is book has = m ?an f\r c5turies rema9$ unpr9t$1 & cont9ues to be unkn[n1 except to le>n$ speciali/s4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t all ^! k9ds ( works1 by ! ,quak]s1 & ,g>rison1 & ,ball\1 & ,*elcick1 :i* ass]t & prove1 on ! basis ( ! ,gospel1 t our _w compreh5ds ,*ri/'s tea*+ falsely1 ought to r\se int]e/1 agitation1 discussions1 9 ! mid/ ( ! pa/ors & ( ! flock4 ,works ( ?is k9d1 :i* t\* on ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 ought1 x seems1 to be analyz$ & recogniz$ z true1 or to be reject$ & ov]?r[n4 ,b no?+ ( ! k9d has happ5$4 ,"o & ! same ?+ is repeat$ ) all ^! works4 ,p ( ! mo/ diff]5t views1 bo? ^? :o believe &1 :at is mo/ surpris+1 ^? :o are unbeliev+ lib]als1 seem to h an agreem5t to pass !m /ubbornly 9 sil5ce1 & all t has be5 done by m5 to elucidate ! true mean+ ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ rema9s unkn[n or =gott54 ,b /ill m />tl+ is ! +lori\sness ( two works1 ( :i* ,i le>n$ also 9 connection ) ! appe>ance ( my book4 ,^! are ,dymond's book ,on ,w>1 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,london1 9 #ahbd1 & ,daniel ,muss]'s book ,on ,non-,resi/ance1 writt5 9 #ahfd4 ,! ignorance ab\t ^! two books is p>ticul>ly rem>kable1 because1 to say no?+ ( _! wor?1 bo? books treat n s mu* ( ! !ory z ( ! practical application ( ! !ory to life1 ( ! relation ( ,*ri/ianity to milit>y s]vice1 :i* is p>ticul>ly important & int]e/+ n[1 9 connection ) ! univ]sal liability to d milit>y s]vice4 ,p w1 p]haps1 ask3 ,:at are ! duties ( a subject1 :o believes t w> is incompatible ) 8 religion1 b ( :om ! gov]nm5t dem&s a p>ticipation 9 milit>y s]vice8 ,x seems t ?is is a v liv+ "q1 "o1 ! answ] to :i* is p>ticul>ly important 9 connection ) ! milit>y s]vice ( ! pres5t "t4 ,all1 or a va/ majority ( m51--,*ri/ians1--all males1 are call$ on to p]=m milit>y s]vice4 ,:at mu/ a man1 z a ,*ri/ian1 answ] 9 reply to ?is dem&8 ,dymond's answ] is z foll[s3 ,x is 8 duty1 mildly & temp]ately1 yet firmly1 to refuse to s]ve4 ,!re are "s p]sons1 :o1 )\t any det]m9ate process ( reason+1 appe> to conclude t responsibility = national measures atta*es solely to ^? :o direct !m2 t x is ! bus9ess ( gov]nm5ts to consid] :at is good = ! community1 & t1 9 ^! cases1 ! duty ( ! subject is m]g$ 9 ! w ( ! sov]eign4 ,consid]ations l ^! are1 ,i believe1 (t5 volunt>ily p]mitt$ to become opiates ( ! consci5ce4 ',i h no "p1' x is said1 '9 ! c\ncils ( ! gov]nm5t1 & am n !re=e responsible = its crimes4' ,we are1 inde$1 n responsible = ! crimes ( our rul]s1 b we are responsible = our own2 & ! crimes ( our rul]s are our own1 if1 :il/ we believe !m to be crimes1 we promote !m by our cop]ation4 ,b ^? :o suppose t ob$i5ce 9 all ?+s is requir$1 or t responsibility 9 political affairs is transf]r$ f ! subject to ! sov]eign1 r$uce !mselves to a great dilemma4 ,x is to say t we mu/ resign our conduct & our consci5ces to ! w ( o!rs1 & act wick$ly or well1 z _! good or evil may prepond]ate1 )\t m]it = virtue1 or responsibility = crime4 ,:at is rem>kable is ?is1 t precisely ! same is express$ 9 ! in/ruction to ! soldi]s1 :i* !y are made to le>n by rote3 x says !re t only ! g5]al is responsible = ! consequ5ces ( 8 comm&4 ,b ?is is n true4 ,a man _c %ift ! responsibility = 8 acts4 ,& ?is may be se5 f :at foll[s3 ,if ! gov]nm5t direct y to fire y\r neighb\r's prop]ty1 or to ?r[ him ov] a precipice1 w y obey8#e ,if y w n1 !re is an end ( ! argum5t1 = if y may reject its au?ority 9 "o in/ance1 :]e is ! limit to rejection8 ,!re is no rational limit b t :i* is assign$ by ,*ri/ianity1 & t is bo? rational & practicable4 #e ,tol/y's translation f ! ,engli%1 :i* is g5]ally loose1 "h dep>ts entirely f ! text4 ,tol/y writes3 ,if a *ief direct y to kill y\r neighb\r's *ild1 or y\r fa!r1 or y\r "m1 w y obey8 ,we ?9k1 !n1 t x is ! bus9ess ( e man1 :o believes t w> is inconsi/5t ) our religion1 respectfully1 b /eadfa/ly1 to refuse to engage 9 x4 ,let su* z ^! rememb] t an hon\rable & an awful duty is laid ^u !m4 ,x is ^u _! fidelity1 s f> z human ag5cy is conc]n$1 t ! cause ( peace is susp5d$4 ,let !m be will+ to av[ _! op9ions & to def5d !m4 ,nei!r let !m be cont5t$ ) words1 if m ?an words1 if suff]+ also1 is requir$4 ,if y believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ has prohibit$ slaught]1 let n ! op9ion or ! comm&s ( a _w induce y to jo9 9 x4 ,by ?is '/eady & det]m9ate pursuit ( virtue1' ! b5$iction :i* atta*es to ^? :o he> ! say+s ( ,god & d !m1 w re/ ^u y1 & ! "t w come :5 ev5 ! _w w hon\r y1 z contributors to ! "w ( human re=mation4 ,muss]'s book is call$ ,non-,resi/ance ,ass]t$2 or1 ,k+dom ( ,*ri/ & ,k+dom ( ,?is ,_w ,sep>at$1 #ahfd4f #f ,a ?or\gh se>* ?r\gh bibliographies1 catalogues1 & libr>ies has fail$ to reveal su* a book or su* an au?or1 & z ,tol/y speaks above ( ! book z be+ writt51 x may be t ,tol/y _h a manuscript be=e him4 ,! book is devot$ to ! same "q1 :i* x analyzes 9 relation ) ! dem& made by ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates on its citiz5s z reg>ds milit>y s]vice dur+ t ,civil ,w>1 & x has ! same contempor>y importance1 9 t x analyzes ! "q z to h[ & "u :at conditions m5 mu/ & c refuse to d milit>y s]vice4 ,9 ! introduction ! au?or says3 ,x is well kn[n t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are _m p :o consci\sly d5y w>4 ,!y are call$ 'non-resi/ant' or 'def5celess' ,*ri/ians4 ,^! ,*ri/ians refuse to def5d _! c\ntry or to be> arms1 or to engage1 at ! reque/ ( ! gov]nm5t1 9 w> aga9/ its enemies4 ,until n[ ?is religi\s cause has be5 respect$ by ! gov]nm5t1 & ^? :o pr(ess$ x 7 excus$ f s]vice4 ,b ) ! beg9n+ ( our civil w> public op9ion has be5 wr\ght up by ?is /ate ( affairs4 ,naturally1 p :o consid] x _! duty to be> all ! burd5s & p]ils ( a milit>y life = ! def5ce ( _! c\ntry feel h>% t[>d ^? :o = a long "t h ) !m enjoy$ ! protection & ! advantages ( ! gov]nm5t1 b 9 "t ( necessity & dang] d n wi% to %>e 9 be>+ ! lab\rs & dang]s 9 its def5ce4 ,x is also natural = ! condition ( su* m5 to be consid]$ irrational1 mon/r\s1 & suspici\s4 ,_m orators & writ]s1 says ! au?or1 h rais$ _! voice aga9/ ?is /ate & h tri$ to prove ! inju/ice ( non-resi/ance f common s5se & f ,scripture2 & ?is is q natural1 & 9 _m cases ^! au?ors are "r1--!y are "r 9 relation to ^? p]sons :o1 decl9+ ! lab\rs connect$ ) milit>y s]vice1 d n decl9e ! advantages :i* !y receive f ! gov]nm5ts1--b !y are n "r 9 relation to ! pr9ciple ( non-resi/ance itself4 ,fir/ ( all ! au?or proves ! obligator9ess ( ! rule ( non-resi/ance = e ,*ri/ian 9 t x is cle> & t x is giv5 to a ,*ri/ian beyond any possibility ( mis9t]pretation4 ,judge y\rselves :e!r x is "r to obey man m ?an ,god1 said ,pet] & ,john4 ,simil>ly e man :o wants to be a ,*ri/ian mu/ act 9 relation to ! dem& t he %\ld g to w>1 s9ce ,*ri/ has told him1 ,resi/ n evil ) viol5ce4 ,) ?is ! au?or consid]s ! "q z to pr9ciple itself completely solv$4 ,! au?or analyzes 9 detail ! o!r "q z to :e!r p]sons1 :o d n decl9e ! advantages :i* are obta9$ ?r\gh ! viol5ce ( gov]nm5t1 h a "r to refuse to d milit>y s]vice1 & comes to ! conclusion t a ,*ri/ian1 :o foll[s ,*ri/'s law & refuses to g to w>1 c j z little take "p 9 any gov]nm5tal affairs1--ei!r 9 c\rts or 9 elections1--nor c he 9 private matt]s h rec\rse to p[]1 police or c\rt4 ,!n ! book proce$s to analyze ! relation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to ! ,new1--! significance ( gov]nm5t = non-,*ri/ians2 !re are (f]$ objections to ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance1 & ^! are refut$4 ,! au?or concludes 8 book ) ! foll[+3 ,*ri/ *ose ,8 disciples 9 ! _w1 he says4 ,!y d n expect any worldly goods or worldly happ9ess1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ev]la/+ life4 ,! _s 9 :i* !y live makes !m satisfi$ & happy 9 e situation4 ,if ! _w tol]ates !m1 !y are always satisfi$4 ,b if ! _w w n leave !m 9 peace1 !y w g else:]e1 s9ce !y are w&]]s on ! e>? & h no def9ite place ( abode4 ,!y consid] t ! dead c bury ! dead1--!y ne$ b "o ?+1 & t is to foll[ _! tea*]4 ,)\t t\*+ ! "q :e!r ! duty ( a ,*ri/ian 9 relation to w>1 z e/abli%$ 9 ^! two books1 is correct or n1 x is impossible n to see ! practical importance & urg5cy ( ! solution ( ?is "q4 ,!re are "s p1--hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ,quak]s1--& all our ,_s ,wre/l]s & ,milk]s1 & p belong+ to no def9ite sects1 :o ass]t t viol5ce--& s milit>y s]vice--is n compatible ) ,*ri/ianity1 & !re=e e ye> sev]al recruits 9 ,russia refuse to d milit>y s]vice on ! basis ( _! religi\s convictions4 ,:at does ! gov]nm5t d8 ,does x excuse !m8 ,no4 ,does x compel !m to s]ve1 &1 9 case ( a refusal1 puni% !m8 ,no4 ,9 #ahah ! gov]nm5t act$ z foll[s4 ,"h is an exc]pt1 :i* is almo/ unkn[n 9 ,russia1 f a di>y by ,n4 ,n4 ,muravv-,krski1 :i* 0 n sanction$ by ! c5sor4 ,,tiflis1 ,octob] #b1 #ahah4 ,9 ! morn+ ! comm&ant told me t lately five manorial peasants f ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,tmbov _h be5 s5t to ,georgia4 ,^! m5 _h be5 s5t to ! army1 b !y refus$ to s]ve2 !y h be5 flogg$ sev]al times & h be5 s5t betwe5 ! r[s1 b !y gladly und]go ! mo/ cruel torm5ts & are prep>$ = dea?1 if only !y c avoid s]v+4 ',s5d u away1' !y say1 '& d n t\* u2 we %all n t\* any "o4 ,all m5 are equal & ! ,ts> is j su* a man z we are4 ,:y %\ld we pay him tribute8 ,:y %\ld ,i subject my life to dang] 9 ord] to kill 9 w> a man :o has done me no wrong8 ,y may cut u into small pieces1 b we w n *ange our ideas1 we w n put on ! milit>y cloak1 & w n eat rations4 ,he :o w pity u w give u an alms1 b we h no?+ belong+ to ! ,cr[n & we want no?+4' ,su* are ! words ( ^! peasants1 :o ass]t t !re is a l>ge numb] l !m 9 ,russia4 ,!y h f\r times be5 tak5 be=e ! ,committee ( ,m9i/]s1 & x 0 f9ally decid$ to ref] ! matt] to ! ,ts>1 :o comm&$ t !y be s5t to ,georgia to m5d _! ways1 & ord]$ ! comm&]-9-*ief to report to him e mon? conc]n+ ! gradual success 9 turn+ ^! peasants to ! prop] ideas4 ,x is n kn[n h[ ?is improvem5t end$1 j z no?+ is kn[n ( ! :ole episode1 :i* 0 kept a pr(\nd secret4 ,?us ! gov]nm5t act$ sev5ty-five ye>s ago1--?us x has act$ 9 ! va/ majority ( cases1 :i* are always cauti\sly conceal$ f ! p4 ,?us x acts ev5 at pres5t1 except 9 relation to ! ,g]man ,m5nonites1 :o live 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,kh]sn1 = _! refusal to d milit>y s]vice is he$$ & !y are made to s]ve _! "t 9 connection ) =e/ry "w4 ,9 ! late cases ( refusal to d milit>y s]vice 9 consequ5ce ( religi\s convictions1 o!r ?an ^? ( ! ,m5nonites1 ! au?orities h act$ z foll[s3 ,at fir/ !y use all means ( viol5ce employ$ 9 our "t = ! purpose ( m5d+ !m & br++ !m back to ! prop] ideas1 & ! :ole matt] is kept a pr(\nd secret4 ,i "k t 9 ! case ( "o man 9 ,mosc[1 :o 9 #ahhd refus$ to s]ve1 !y wrote up volum9\s docum5ts two mon?s aft] 8 refusal1 & ^! 7 kept 9 ! m9i/ry z ! greate/ secret4 ,!y g5]ally beg9 by s5d+ ! "o :o refuses to ! prie/s1 :o1 to _! %ame be x said1 always admoni% ! p]son refus+4 ,b s9ce ! admonition1 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/1 to r5\nce ,*ri/ is g5]ally fruitless1 ! refus+ p]son is aft] ! admonition by ! cl]gy s5t to ! g5d>mes4 ,! g5d>mes1 f9d+ no?+ ( a political nature 9 ! case1 g5]ally return him1 & !n ! refus+ p]son is s5t to ! le>n$1 to ! physicians1 & into ! insane asylum4 ,9 all ^! recommitm5ts ! refus]1 :o is depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty1 und]goes all k9ds ( humiliations & suff]+s1 l a condemn$ crim9al4 7,?is 0 repeat$ 9 f\r cases47 ,! physicians dismiss ! refus] f ! insane asylum1 & !n beg9 all k9ds ( secret1 cunn+ measures1 9 ord] n to dismiss ! refus] & ?us enc\rage o!rs to refuse l him1 & at ! same "t n to leave him amid/ ! soldi]s1 le/ ! soldi]s might f9d out f him t ! levy = milit>y s]vice does n at all take place 9 accordance ) ,god's law1 z !y are assur$1 b contr>y to x4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t ?+ = ! gov]nm5t to d w\ld be to h ! refus] execut$1 beat5 to dea? ) /icks1 z !y us$ to d ( old1 or execut$ 9 "s o!r mann]4 ,b x is impossible op5ly to execute a man = be+ true to a tea*+ :i* we all pr(ess1 & x is equally impossible to let a man alone1 :o refuses to s]ve4 ,& s ! gov]nm5t tries ei!r ?r\gh suff]+ to compel ! man to r5\nce ,*ri/1 or 9 "s way imp]ceptibly to get rid ( ! man1 )\t hav+ him publicly execut$1--9 "s way to conceal ?is man's act & ! man himself f o!r p4 ,& s !re beg9 all k9ds ( devices & cunn+ & tortures ( ?is man4 ,ei!r he is s5t to "s outly+ region1 or he is provok$ to commit "s act ( insubord9ation1 & !n he is tri$ = brea* ( discipl9e & is lock$ up 9 prison1 9 a discipl9>y battalion1 :]e he is freely tortur$ 9 secret1 or he is decl>$ insane & is lock$ up 9 an insane asylum4 ,?us "o man 0 s5t to ,ta%knt1 t is1 z ?\gh he 7 transf]r$ to ! ,ta%knt army1 ano!r to ,omsk1 a ?ird 0 tri$ = insubord9ation & s5t to prison1 & a f\r? 0 put into a lunatic asylum4 ,ev]y:]e ! same is repeat$4 ,n only ! gov]nm5t1 b also ! majority ( lib]als1 ( free?9k]s1 z ?\gh by agreem5t1 c>efully turn away f ev]y?+ :i* has be5 said1 writt51 & done by m5 to %[ ! incompatibility ( viol5ce 9 its mo/ t]rible1 rude1 & lurid =m1 9 ! =m ( milit>ism1 t is1 ! read9ess to kill anybody1 ) ! tea*+1 n only ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ev5 ( humanit>ianism1 :i* society pret5ds to be pr(ess+4 ,?us ! in=mation :i* ,i receiv$ conc]n+ ! ext5t to :i* ! true significance ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ has be5 elucidat$ & is be+ elucidat$ m & m1 & conc]n+ ! attitude :i* ! highe/ rul+ classes1 n only 9 ,russia1 b also 9 ,europe & 9 ,am]ica1 take t[>d ?is elucidation & execution ( ! tea*+1 conv9c$ me t 9 ^! rul+ classes !re exi/$ a consci\sly ho/ile relation t[>d true ,*ri/ianity1 :i* f\nd its expression ma9ly 9 ! sil5ce obs]v$ conc]n+ all its manife/ations4 ,,ii4 ,! same impression ( a desire to conceal1 to pass 9 sil5ce1 :at ,i attempt$ s c>efully to express 9 my book1 has be5 produc$ on me by ! criticisms ^u x4 ,:5 my book appe>$1 x 01 z ,i _h expect$1 prohibit$1 & accord+ to ! law x ought to h be5 burn$4 ,b1 in/ead ( be+ burn$1 x 0 di/ribut$ among ! (ficials1 & x 0 dissem9at$ 9 a l>ge numb] ( writt5 copies & li?ographic repr9ts1 & 9 translations pr9t$ abroad4 ,v soon !re appe>$ criticisms ^u ! book1 n only by ! cl]gy1 b also by ! laity1 :i* ! gov]nm5t n only sanction$1 b ev5 enc\rag$1 s t ! refutation ( ! book1 :i* 0 assum$ to be unkn[n to any "o1 0 made a !me = !ological essays 9 ! academies4 ,! critics ^u my books1 bo? ! ,russian & ! =eign critics1 c be divid$ into two classes3 into ! religi\s critics1--p :o consid] !mselves to be believ]s1--& lay critics1 :o are free?9k]s4 ,i %all beg9 ) ! fir/3 ,9 my book ,i accuse ! *ur* tea*]s ( tea*+ contr>y to ,*ri/'s comm&m5ts1 :i* are cle>ly & def9itely express$ 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 & especially contr>y to ! comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance to evil1 ?us depriv+ ,*ri/'s tea*+ ( all significance4 ,! *ur* tea*]s recognize ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt ) ! comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance to evil z a div9e revelation1 & s1 if !y h f\nd x necess>y to write ab\t my book at all1 !y ought1 x w\ld seem1 fir/ ( all to answ] ?is *ief po9t ( accusation & say outright :e!r !y consid] ! tea*+ ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & ( ! comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance to evil obligatory = a ,*ri/ian1 or n1--& !y mu/ n answ] x z ?is is g5]ally done1 t is1 by say+ t1 al?\gh on ! "o h& x _c prop]ly be d5i$1 on ! o!r x _c be affirm$1 ! m s t1 & s =?1--b mu/ answ] x j z ! "q is put by me 9 my book3 did ,*ri/ actually dem& f ,8 disciples ! fulfilm5t ( :at ,he taught 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt8 & s1 c a ,*ri/ian1 rema9+ a ,*ri/ian1 g to c\rt1 tak+ "p 9 x & condemn+ p1 or seek+ 9 x def5ce by means ( viol5ce1 or c he n8 ,c a ,*ri/ian1 /ill rema9+ a ,*ri/ian1 take "p 9 ! gov]nm5t1 us+ viol5ce aga9/ 8 neighb\rs1 or n8 ,& ! *ief "q1 :i* n[1 ) ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 /&s be=e all m51--c a ,*ri/ian1 rema9+ a ,*ri/ian1 contr>y to ,*ri/'s injunction1 make any promises z to future acts1 :i* are directly contr>y to ! tea*+1 &1 tak+ "p 9 milit>y s]vice1 prep>e himself = ! murd] ( m5 & commit x8 ,! que/ions are put cle>ly & frankly1 &1 x w\ld seem1 !y ought to be answ]$ cle>ly & frankly4 ,b no?+ ( ! k9d has be5 done 9 all ! criticisms ^u my book1 j z no?+ ( ! k9d has be5 done 9 ! case ( all ^? arraignm5ts ( ! *ur* tea*]s = dep>t+ f ,*ri/'s law1 ) :i* hi/ory is fill$ s9ce ! "t ( ,con/ant9e4 ,v mu* has be5 said 9 ref]5ce to my book ab\t h[ incorrectly ,i int]pret ?is or t passage 9 ! ,gospel1 h[ ,i err 9 n ackn[l$g+ ! ,tr9ity1 ! r$emption1 & ! immortality ( ! s\l2 v mu* has be5 said1 b ?is "o ?+1 :i* = e ,*ri/ian =ms ! *ief1 ess5tial "q ( life3 h[ to h>monize :at 0 cle>ly express$ 9 ! tea*]'s words & is cle>ly express$ 9 ! he>t ( e "o ( u1--! tea*+ ab\t =giv5ess1 humility1 r5unciation1 & love ( all m51 ( our neighb\rs & ( our enemies1--) ! dem& ( milit>y viol5ce ex]t$ aga9/ ! m5 ( "o's own nation or ano!r nation4 ,ev]y?+ :i* may be call$ semblances ( answ]s to ?is "q may be r$uc$ to ! five foll[+ divisions4 ,i h tri$ 9 ?is respect to collect ev]y?+ ,i c\ld1 n only 9 ref]5ce to ! criticisms ^u my book1 b also 9 ref]5ce to :at has be5 writt5 ^u ! subject 9 =m] times4 ,! fir/1 ! rude/ way ( answ]+1 consi/s 9 ! bold ass]tion t viol5ce does n contradict ,*ri/'s tea*+1 & t x is p]mitt$ & ev5 prescrib$ by ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,ass]tions ( ?is k9d issue = ! mo/ "p f p high up 9 ! gov]nm5tal or ecclesia/ic hi]>*y1 :o are1 !re=e1 q conv9c$ t no "o w d>e to contradict _! ass]tions1 & t if "o actually d>$ to d s1 !y w\ld n he> ^! objections4 ,^! m5 h1 9 consequ5ce ( _! intoxication ) _! p[]1 = ! mo/ "p to su* an ext5t lo/ ! concept ( :at t ,*ri/ianity is1 9 ! "n ( :i* !y occupy _! places1 t ev]y?+ ( a ,*ri/ian nature 9 ,*ri/ianity pres5ts itself to !m z sect>ian2 b ev]y?+ :i* 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t may be int]pret$ 9 an anti-,*ri/ian & pagan s5se1 !y consid] to be ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 fav\r ( _! ass]tion t ,*ri/ianity does n contradict viol5ce1 ^! m5 ) ! greate/ boldness g5]ally br+ =w>d ! mo/ (f5sive passages f ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & int]pret !m 9 ! mo/ non-,*ri/ian mann]3 ! execution ( ,ananias & ,sapphira1 ! execution ( ,simon ,magus1 & s =?4 ,!y adduce all ^? words ( ,*ri/ :i* may be int]pret$ z a ju/ification ( cruelty1 su* z ! expulsion f ! temple1 ,x %all be m tol]able on t day = ,sodom1 ?an = t city1 & s =?4 ,accord+ to ! concepts ( ^! m51 ! ,*ri/ian gov]nm5t is n 9 ! lea/ oblig$ to be guid$ by ! _s ( humility1 =giv5ess ( (f5ces1 & love ( our enemies4 ,x is useless to refute su* an ass]tion1 because ! m5 :o ass]t ?is refute !mselves1 or r1 turn away f ,*ri/1 inv5t+ _! own ,*ri/ & _! own ,*ri/ianity 9 place ( ,him 9 ^: "n ! *ur* exi/s & also ! position :i* !y occupy 9 x4 ,if all m5 knew t ! *ur* prea*es ,*ri/ puni%+1 & n =giv+1 & w>r+1 no "o w\ld be believ+ 9 ?is *ur*1 & !re w\ld be no "o to prove :at x is prov+4 ,! second me?od is a little less rude4 ,x consi/s 9 ass]t+ t1 al?\gh ,*ri/ really taught to (f] "o's *eek & give up a %irt1 & ?is is a v high moral dem&1 !re are malefactors 9 ! _w1 & if ^! are n curb$ by ! ex]cise ( =ce1 ! :ole _w & all good m5 w p]i%4 ,?is pro( ,i f\nd = ! fir/ "t 9 ,john ,*ryso/om & ,i po9t$ out its incorrectness 9 my book1 ,my ,religion4 ,?is argum5t is ungr\nd$1 because1 9 ! fir/ place1 if we all[ ourselves to recognize any m5 z special malefactors 7,raca71 we ?us de/roy ! :ole mean+ ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 accord+ to :i* we are all equal & bro!rs1 z ! sons ( "o heav5ly ,fa!r2 9 ! second place1 because1 ev5 if ,god p]mitt$ ! ex]tion ( viol5ce aga9/ malefactors1 x is absolutely impossible to f9d t safe & indubitable sign by :i* a malefactor may be un]r+ly told f "o :o is n1 & s e man1 or society ( m51 w\ld recognize ano!r z a malefactor1 :i* is ! case n[2 9 ! ?ird place1 because ev5 if x 7 possible un]r+ly to tell malefactors f ^? :o are n malefactors1 x w\ld /ill n be possible 9 a ,*ri/ian society to execute1 or maim1 or lock up ^! malefactors1 because 9 ,*ri/ian society !re w\ld be no "o to d ?is1 because e ,*ri/ian1 z a ,*ri/ian1 is enjo9$ n to use viol5ce aga9/ a malefactor4 ,! ?ird me?od ( answ]+ is /ill %rewd] ?an ! previ\s "o4 ,x consi/s 9 ass]t+ t1 al?\gh ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance to evil is obligatory = a ,*ri/ian :5 ! evil is direct$ aga9/ him p]sonally1 x ceases to be obligatory :5 ! evil is direct$ aga9/ 8 neighb\rs1 & t !n a ,*ri/ian is n only n oblig$ to fulfil ! comm&m5ts1 b is also oblig$ 9 ! def5ce ( 8 neighb\rs1 contr>y to ! comm&m5t1 to use viol5ce aga9/ ! violators4 ,?is ass]tion is q arbitr>y1 & 9 ! :ole ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ no confirmation ( su* an int]pretation c be f\nd4 ,su* an int]pretation is n only a limitation ( ! comm&m5t1 b a direct negation & annihilation ( x4 ,if any man has a "r to use viol5ce :5 ano!r is ?reat5$ by dang]1 !n ! "q z to ! use ( viol5ce r$uces itself to ! "q ( def9+ :at con/itutes a dang] = ano!r p]son4 ,b if my private judgm5t decides ! "q ( dang] = ano!r1 !n !re does n exi/ su* a case ( viol5ce t x c\ld n be expla9$ on ! basis ( a dang] ) :i* ano!r is ?reat5$4 ,wiz>ds 7 execut$ & burn$1 ari/ocrats & ,girondi/s 7 execut$1 & s 7 _! enemies1 because ^? :o 7 9 p[] consid]$ !m to be dang]\s = o!rs4 ,if ?is important limitation1 :i* radically und]m9es ! mean+ ( ! comm&m5t1 ent]$ ,*ri/'s m9d1 !re ought some:]e to be m5tion made ( x4 ,b 9 all ! prea*+ & ! life ( ! tea*] !re is n only no su* limitation1 b1 on ! contr>y1 !re is express$ a p>ticul> caution aga9/ su* a false & (f5sive limitation1 :i* de/roys ! comm&m5t4 ,! mi/ake & ! blund] ( su* a limitation is ) p>ticul> cle>ness %[n 9 ! ,gospel 9 connection ) ! judgm5t ( ,caiaphas1 :o made ?is v limitation4 ,he recogniz$ t x 0 n good to execute innoc5t ,jesus1 b he saw 9 ,him dang]1 n = himself1 b = ! :ole nation1 & s he said3 ,x is exp$i5t = u t "o man %\ld die = ! p1 & t ! :ole nation p]i% n4 ,& m cle>ly /ill 0 ! negation ( su* a limitation express$ 9 ! words said to ,pet] :5 he attempt$ ) viol5ce to resi/ ! evil :i* 0 direct$ aga9/ ,jesus 7,matt4 xxvi4 #eb74 ,pet] 0 n def5d+ himself1 b 8 belov$ & div9e tea*]4 ,& ,*ri/ directly =bade him to d s1 say+ t he :o takes ! sword %all p]i% ) ! sword4 ,besides1 ! ju/ification ( viol5ce us$ aga9/ a neighb\r = ! sake ( def5d+ ano!r man aga9/ worse viol5ce is always incorrect1 because 9 us+ viol5ce aga9/ an evil :i* is n yet accompli%$1 x is impossible to "k :i* evil w be great]1--:e!r ! evil ( my viol5ce or ( t aga9/ :i* ,i wi% to def5d my neighb\r4 ,we execute a crim9al1 ?us free+ society f him1 & we are positively unable to tell :e!r ! crim9al w\ld n h *ang$ on ! morr[ & :e!r our execution is n a useless cruelty4 ,we lock up a man :om we suppose to be a dang]\s memb] ( society1 b beg9n+ ) to-morr[ ?is man may cease to be dang]\s1 & 8 inc>c]ation is futile4 ,i see t a man :om ,i "k to be a robb] is pursu+ a girl1 & ,i h a gun 9 my h&1--,i kill ! robb] & save ! girl2 ! robb] has c]ta9ly be5 kill$ or w\nd$1 b x is unkn[n to me :at w\ld happ5 if t 7 n ! case4 ,:at an enorm\s am\nt ( evil mu/ take place1 z x actually does1 z ! result ( arrogat+ to ourselves ! "r to prev5t an evil t may occur6 ,n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( ! evil ( ! _w1 f ! ,inquisition to dynamite bombs & ! executions & suff]+s ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( s-call$ political crim9als1 are bas$ on ?is reflection4 ,! f\r?1 /ill m ref9$ answ] to ! "q z to h[ a ,*ri/ian %\ld act t[>d ,*ri/'s comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance to evil consi/s 9 ass]t+ t ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance to evil is n d5i$ by !m1 b is accept$ l any o!r2 b t !y d n ascribe to ?is comm&m5t any special exclusive significance1 z ! sect>ians d4 ,to ascribe to ?is comm&m5t an inv>iable condition ( ,*ri/ian life1 z d ,g>rison1 ,ball\1 ,dymond1 ! ,quak]s1 ! ,m5nonites1 ! ,%ak]s1 & z did ! ,moravian bro!rs1 ! ,wald5ses1 ,albig5ses1 ,bogomils1 ,paulicians1 is "o-sid$ sect>ianism4 ,?is comm&m5t has nei!r m nor less significance ?an all ! o!rs1 & a man :o 9 8 weakness transgresses any "o ( ! comm&m5ts ab\t non-resi/ance does n cease to be a ,*ri/ian1 provid$ he believes correctly4 ,?is subt]fuge is v clev]1 & m5 :o wi% to be deceiv$ are easily deceiv$ by x4 ,! subt]fuge consi/s 9 r$uc+ ! direct consci\s negation ( ! comm&m5t to an accid5tal violation ( ! same4 ,b we ne$ only comp>e ! relation ( ! *ur* tea*]s to ?is comm&m5t & to o!rs1 :i* !y actually recognize1 9 ord] t we may conv9ce ourselves t ! relation ( ! *ur* tea*]s to ! comm&m5ts :i* !y recognize is q diff]5t f _! relation to ?is "o4 ,!y actually recognize ! comm&m5t aga9/ =nication1 & s nev]1 "u any condition1 admit t =nication is n an evil4 ,! prea*]s ( ! *ur* nev] po9t out any cases :5 ! comm&m5t aga9/ =nication ought to be brok51 & !y always tea* t we mu/ avoid ! (f5ces :i* lead to ! temptation ( =nication4 ,b ?is is n ! case ) ! comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance4 ,all ! *ur* prea*]s "k cases :5 ?is comm&m5t may be brok54 ,& ?us !y tea* m54 ,& !y n only d n tea* h[ to avoid ^! (f5ces1 ( :i* ! *ief "o is ! oa?1 b !mselves commit !m4 ,! *ur* prea*]s nev] & "u no condition prea* ! violation ( any o!r comm&m5t2 b 9 relation to ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance !y tea* outright t ?is prohibition mu/ n be und]/ood 9 too direct a s5se1 & n only t ?is comm&m5t mu/ n be c>ri$ out at all times1 b t !re are conditions1 situations1 :5 directly ! opposite %\ld be done1 t is1 t we %\ld judge1 wage w>1 execute4 ,?us1 9 ref]5ce to ! comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance to evil1 !y 9 ! majority ( cases prea* h[ n to fulfil x4 ,! fulfilm5t ( ?is comm&m5t1 !y say1 is v difficult & is *>act]i/ic only ( p]fection4 ,b h[ c x help b be difficult1 :5 its brea* is n only n prohibit$1 b is also directly enc\rag$1 :5 !y directly bless ! c\rts1 prisons1 guns1 cannon1 armies1 battles8 ,consequ5tly x is n true t ?is comm&m5t is recogniz$ by ! *ur* prea*]s z ( equal significance ) ! o!r comm&m5ts4 ,! *ur* prea*]s simply d n recognize x1 & only because !y d n d>e to confess x1 try to conceal _! failure to recognize x4 ,su* is ! f\r? me?od ( answ]s4 ,! fif? me?od1 ! mo/ ref9$1 mo/ popul>1 & mo/ p[]ful "o1 consi/s 9 begg+ ! "q1 9 mak+ x appe> z ?\gh ! "q _h long ago be5 decid$ by "s "o 9 an absolutely cle> & satisfactory mann]1 & z ?\gh x 7 n wor? :ile to speak ( x4 ,?is me?od is employ$ by m or less cultivat$ ecclesia/ic writ]s1 t is1 su* z feel ! laws ( logic to be obligatory = !m4 ,kn[+ t ! contradiction :i* exi/s betwe5 ,*ri/'s tea*+1 :i* we pr(ess 9 words1 & ! :ole /ructure ( our life _c be solv$ ) words1 & t1 by t\*+ x1 we c only make x m obvi\s1 !y ) great] or less] agility get ar\nd x1 mak+ x appe> t ! "q ab\t ! connection ( ,*ri/ianity ) viol5ce has be5 decid$ or does n exi/ at all4#g #g ,i "k b "o piece ( writ+1 n a criticism 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 b an article :i* treats ! same subject1 & :i* has my book 9 view1 t dep>ts f ?is common def9ition4 ,x is ,tritski's pamphlet 7,kazn7 ,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,! au?or obvi\sly recognizes ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 its real significance4 ,he says t ! comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance to evil means :at x does1 & ! same is true ( ! comm&m5t ab\t swe>+2 he does n d5y1 z o!rs d1 ! significance ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 b un=tunately he does n make f ?is recognition ^? inevitable d$uctions1 :i* 9 our life beg = recognition 9 connection ) su* a compreh5sion ( ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,if x is n "r to resi/ evil & to swe>1 e man w naturally ask3 ,h[ ab\t milit>y s]vice8 ,& to ?is "q ! au?or gives no answ]1 ?\gh an answ] is dem&$4 ,& if x _c be answ]$1 x is be/ n to speak at all1 because sil5ce produces error4--,au?or's ,note4 ,! majority ( ! ecclesia/ic critics ( my book employ ?is me?od4 ,i c\ld adduce doz5s ( su* criticisms1 9 :i* )\t exception "o & ! same ?+ is repeat$3 !y speak ( ev]y?+ b ! *ief subject ( ! book4 ,z a *>act]i/ic example ( su* criticisms1 ,i %all quote an article by ! fam\s1 ref9$ ,engli% writ] & prea*]1 ,f>r>1 a great ma/]1 l _m le>n$ !ologians1 ( evasions & retic5ce4 ,?is article 0 pr9t$ 9 ! ,am]ican p]iodical1 ,=um1 9 ,octob]1 #ahhh4 ,hav+ consci5ti\sly giv5 a %ort review ( my book1 ,f>r> says3 ,tol/y came to ! conclusion t a co>se deceit 0 palm$ ^u ! _w :5 ^! words 7 held by civil society to be compatible ) w>1 c\rts ( ju/ice1 capital puni%m5t1 divorce1 oa?s1 national prejudice1 & inde$ ) mo/ ( ! in/itutions ( civil & social life4 ,he n[ believes t ! k+dom ( ,god w\ld come if all m5 kept ^! five comm&m5ts1 444 7#a7 ,live 9 peace ) all m52 7#b7 be pure2 7#c7 take no oa?s2 7#d7 nev] resi/ evil2 7#e7 r5\nce national di/9ctions4 ,tol/y1 he says1 rejects ! div9e inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & ( ! epi/les2 he rejects all ! dogmas ( ! *ur*1 t ( ! atonem5t by blood1 t ( ! ,tr9ity1 t ( ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ^u ! apo/les 444 & recognizes only ! words & comm&m5ts ( ,*ri/4 ,is ?is int]pretation ( ,*ri/ a true "o8 he asks4 ,are all m5 b\nd1 or is any man b\nd1 to act z ,tol/y has taught1 t is1 to fulfil ! five comm&m5ts ( ,*ri/8 ,"o j hopes t 9 reply to ?is ess5tial "q1 :i* alone c\ld h urg$ ! man to write an article on ! book1 he w say t ?is int]pretation ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ is correct1 or t x is n correct1 & s w prove :y1 & w give ano!r1 a correct int]pretation to ! words :i* ,i int]pret incorrectly4 ,b no?+ ( ! k9d is done4 ,f>r> only expresses 8 conviction t1 ?\gh actuat$ by ! noble/ s9c]ity1 ,tol/y has be5 misl$ by p>tial & "o-sid$ int]pretations ( ! mean+ ( ! ,gospel & ! m9d & w ( ,*ri/4 ,no explanation is giv5 z to :at ?is error consi/s 91 b all !re is said1 is3 ,to ent] into ! pro( ( ?is is impossible 9 ?is article1 = ,i h already exce$$ ! space at my comm&4 ,& he concludes ) an easy m9d3 ,mean:ile ! read] :o feels tr\bl$ le/ x %\ld be 8 duty also to =sake all conditions ( 8 life1 & to take up ! position & "w ( a common lab\r]1 may re/ = ! pres5t on ! pr9ciple1 ,securus judicat orbis t]r>um4 ,) few & r>e exceptions1 he cont9ues1 ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom1 f ! days ( ! apo/les d[n to our own1 has come to ! firm conclusion t x 0 ! object ( ,*ri/ to lay d[n great et]nal pr9ciples1 b n di/urb ! bases & revolutionize ! in/itutions ( all human society1 :i* !mselves re/ on div9e sanction z well z on inevitable conditions4 ,7 x my object to prove h[ unt5able is ! doctr9e ( communism1 bas$ by ,tol/y ^u ! div9e p>adoxes 7sic671 :i* c be int]pret$ on only hi/orical pr9ciples 9 accordance ) ! :ole me?od ( ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 x w\ld require an ampl] canvas ?an ,i h "h at my disposal4 ,:at a mis=tune1--he has n any space6 ,&1 /range to say1 space has be5 lack+ = fifte5 c5turies1 to prove t ,*ri/1 :om we pr(ess1 said some?+ diff]5t f :at ,he said4 ,!y c\ld prove x1 if !y only want$ to4 ,h[ev]1 x does n pay to prove :at ev]ybody kn[s4 ,x is en\gh to say3 ,securus judicat orbis t]r>um4 ,& su* are1 )\t exception1 all ! criticisms ( ! cultivat$ believ]s1 :o1 !re=e1 d n und]/& ! p]il\sness ( _! position4 ,! only way out = !m is ! hope t1 by us+ ! au?ority ( ! *ur*1 ( antiquity1 ( hol9ess1 !y may be able to confuse ! read] & draw him away f ! ?\ght ( read+ ! ,gospel = himself & ( consid]+ ! "q ) 8 own m9d4 ,& 9 ?is !y are successful4 ,to :om1 inde$1 w x occur t all t :i* ) su* assurance & solemnity is repeat$ f c5tury to c5tury by all ^! ar*deacons1 bi%ops1 ar*bi%ops1 mo/ holy synods1 & ,popes1 is a base lie & calumny1 :i* !y foi/ on ,*ri/ 9 ord] to secure ! money :i* !y ne$ = ! purpose ( lead+ a life ( pleasure1 :ile sitt+ on ! backs ( o!rs1--a lie & a calumny1 :i* is s obvi\s1 especially n[ t ! only possibility ( cont9u+ ?is lie consi/s 9 fright5+ m5 into belief by _! assurance1 _! unscrupul\sness8 ,x is precisely ! same t ( late ye>s has tak5 place 9 ! ,recruit+ ,sessions3 at ! head ( ! table1 ) ! ,mirror ( ,laws ^u x1 & b5ea? ! full-siz$ portrait ( ! emp]or1 sit dignifi$ old (ficials 9 _! regalia1 conv]s+ freely & unres]v$ly1 not+ d[n1 comm&+1 call+ out4 ,"h also1 ) ! cross ov] 8 brea/ & 9 silk ve/m5ts1 ) 8 gray hair fall+ d[n /raight ov] 8 scapul>y1 /&s an impos+ old man1 ! prie/1 9 front ( ! pulpit1 on :i* lies a gold cross & a gold-trimm$ ,gospel4 ,ivn ,petrv is call$ out4 ,a "y man /eps out4 ,he is poorly & dirtily dress$ & looks fright5$1 & ! muscles ( 8 face tremble1 & 8 fugitive eyes sp>kle1 & 9 a falt]+ voice1 almo/ 9 a :isp]1 he says3 ,i--accord+ to ! law ,i1 a ,*ri/ian--,i _c-- ,:at is he mutt]+ !re8 impati5tly asks ! presid+ (fic]1 half-clos+ 8 eyes & li/5+1 z he raises 8 head f ! book4 ,speak l\d]6 %\ts to him ! colonel ) ! %9+ %\ld]-/raps4 ,i--,i--,i--z a ,*ri/ian-- ,x f9ally turns out t ! "y man refuses to d milit>y s]vice1 because he is a ,*ri/ian4 ,talk no nons5se6 ,get y\r measure6 ,doctor1 be s k9d z to take 8 measure4 ,is he fit = ! army8 ,he is4 ,rev]5d fa!r1 h him sworn 94 ,no "o is confus$2 no "o ev5 pays any att5tion to :at ?is fright5$1 pitiable "y man is mutt]+4 ,!y all mutt] some?+1 b we h no "t3 we h to receive s _m recruits4 ,! recruit wants to say some?+ aga94 ,?is is aga9/ ,*ri/'s law4 ,g1 g1 we "k )\t y :at is accord+ to ! law1--b y get out ( "h4 ,rev]5d fa!r1 admoni% him4 ,next3 ,vasli ,nikt94 ,& ! trembl+ y\? is tak5 away4 ,& to :om--:e!r ! janitor1 or ,vasli ,nikt91 :o is be+ br\ght 91 or any "o else :o witness$ ?is sc5e f ! side--w x occur t ^? indi/9ct1 %ort words ( ! y\?1 :i* 7 at once put out ( c\rt by ! au?orities1 conta9 ! tru?1 :ile ^? l\d1 solemn spee*es ( ! self-possess$1 calm (ficials & ( ! prie/ are a lie1 a deception8 ,a simil> impression is produc$1 n only by ! articles ( a ,f>r> b by all ^? solemn s]mons1 articles1 & books1 :i* appe> on all sides1 ! mom5t ! tru? peeps out & arraigns ! rul+ lie4 ,imm$iately !re beg9 long1 clev]1 elegant conv]sations or writ+s ab\t que/ions :i* t\* closely ^u ! subject ) a %rewd retic5ce conc]n+ ! "q itself4 ,9 ?is consi/s ! fif? & mo/ effective means = remov+ ! contradiction 9 :i* ! ecclesia/ic ,*ri/ianity has plac$ itself by pr(ess+ ,*ri/ 9 words & d5y+ ,8 tea*+ 9 life1 & tea*+ ! same to o!rs4 ,^? :o ju/ify !mselves by ! fir/ me?od1 ass]t+ outright & rudely t ,*ri/ has p]mitt$ viol5ce1--w>s1 murd]1--)draw !mselves f ,*ri/'s tea*+2 ^? :o def5d !mselves accord+ to ! second1 ! ?ird1 & ! f\r? me?ods get !mselves entangl$1 & x is easy to po9t out _! untru?2 b ^! la/1 :o d n discuss1 :o d n condesc5d to discuss1 b hide !mselves beh9d _! greatness & make x appe> t all ?is has be5 decid$ long ago by !m1 or by somebody else1 & t x no long] is subject to any d\bt1 seem invuln]able1 & !y w be invuln]able s long z p w rema9 "u ! influ5ce ( hypnotic sugge/ion1 :i* is induc$ 9 !m by gov]nm5ts & *ur*es1 & w n %ake x (f4 ,su* 0 ! attitude :i* ! ecclesia/ics1 t is1 ^? :o pr(ess ,*ri/'s fai?1 assum$ t[>d me4 ,nor c\ld !y h act$ o!rwise3 !y are b\nd by ! contradiction 9 :i* !y live1--! fai? 9 ! div9ity ( ! tea*] & ! unbelief 9 ,8 cle>e/ words1--f :i* !y mu/ 9 "s way extricate !mselves1 & s x 0 n possible to expect f !m any free op9ion conc]n+ ! ess5ce ( ! "q1 conc]n+ t *ange 9 ! lives ( m5 :i* results f ! application ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ to ! exi/+ ord]4 ,su* op9ions ,i expect$ f ! free?9k+ lay critics1 :o are 9 no way b\nd to ,*ri/'s tea*+ & :o c look ^u x )\t re/ra9t4 ,i expect$ t ! free?9k+ writ]s w\ld look ^u ,*ri/ n only z ! e/abli%] ( a religion ( wor%ip & p]sonal salvation 7z :i* ! ecclesia/ics und]/& him71 b1 to express myself 9 _! language1 z a re=m]1 :o de/roys ! old1 & gives ! new f\ndations ( life1 ! re=m ( :i* is n yet accompli%$1 b cont9ues until ! pres5t4 ,su* a view ( ,*ri/ & ,8 tea*+ results f my book1 b1 to my surprise1 out ( ! l>ge numb] ( criticisms ^u my book1 !re 0 n "o1 ei!r ,russian or =eign1 :i* treat$ ! subject f ! same side f :i* x is exp\nd$ 9 my book1 t is1 :i* look$ ^u ,*ri/'s tea*+ z a philosophical1 moral1 & social doctr9e 7aga9 to speak 9 ! language ( ! le>n$74 ,?is 0 n ! case 9 a s+le criticism4 ,! ,russian lay critics1 :o und]/ood my book 9 su* a way t all its cont5ts r$uc$ !mselves to non-resi/ance to evil1 & :o und]/ood ! tea*+ ab\t non-resi/ance to evil itself 7app>5tly = conv5i5ce ( refutal7 z mean+ t x prohibit$ any /ruggle aga9/ evil1 furi\sly attack$ ?is tea*+ & v successfully prov$ = ! p]iod ( sev]al ye>s t ,*ri/'s tea*+ 0 incorrect1 s9ce x taught u n to resi/ evil4 ,_! refutals ( ?is suppos$ tea*+ ( ,*ri/ 7 ! m successful1 s9ce !y knew 9 advance t _! views c\ld nei!r be ov]?r[n nor correct$1 because ! c5sor%ip1 hav+ fail$ to sanction ! book itself1 did n sanction ! articles 9 its def5ce ei!r4 ,:at is rem>kable 9 connection ) ! matt] is ?is1 t ) u1 :]e n a ^w may be said ab\t ! ,holy ,scripture )\t a prohibition by ! c5sor%ip1 ! cle>ly & directly express$ comm&m5t ( ,matt4 v4 #ci has = sev]al ye>s be5 op5ly contort$1 criticiz$1 condemn$1 & ridicul$ 9 all ! p]iodicals4 ,! ,russian lay critics1 :o evid5tly did n "k all t _h be5 done 9 ! developm5t ( ! "q z to non-resi/ance to evil1 & :o at times ev5 seem$ to assume t ,i p]sonally inv5t$ ! rule ( n resi/+ evil ) viol5ce1 attack$ ! idea itself1 reject+ & contort+ x1 & ) mu* f]v\r advanc+ argum5ts :i* h long ago be5 analyz$ f e side & reject$1 prov$ t a man is oblig$ 7) viol5ce7 to def5d all ! insult$ & ! oppress$1 & t1 !re=e1 ! doctr9e ab\t n resi/+ evil ) viol5ce is immoral4 ,! :ole significance ( ,*ri/'s prea*+ pres5t$ itself to ! ,russian critics z ?\gh malici\sly int]f]+ ) a c]ta9 activity1 :i* 0 direct$ aga9/ :at !y at a giv5 mom5t consid]$ to be an evil1 s t x turn$ out t ! pr9ciple ( n resi/+ evil ) viol5ce 0 attack$ by two opposite camps1--by ! cons]vatives1 because ?is pr9ciple int]f]$ ) _! activity ( resi/+ ! evil :i* 0 produc$ by ! revolutioni/s1 & ) _! p]secutions & executions2 & by ! revolutioni/s1 because ?is pr9ciple int]f]$ ) ! resi/ance to ! evil :i* 0 produc$ by ! cons]vatives1 & ) ! ov]?r[ ( ! cons]vatives4 ,! cons]vatives 7 provok$1 because ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil int]f]$ ) ! en]getic suppression ( ! revolution>y elem5ts1 :o are likely to ru9 ! welf>e ( ! nation2 :ile ! revolutioni/s 7 provok$1 because ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil int]f]$ ) ! ov]?r[ ( ! cons]vatives1 :o 7 ru9+ ! well-be+ ( ! nation4 ,:at is rem>kable is1 t ! revolutioni/s attack$ ! pr9ciple ( non-resi/ance1 al?\gh x is mo/ t]rible & mo/ dang]\s = e despotism1 because ev] s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w ! opposite pr9ciple ( ! necessity ( resi/+ evil ) viol5ce has be5 ly+ at ! basis ( all viol5ce1 f ! ,inquisition to ! ,s*lsselburg ,=tress4 ,besides1 ! ,russian critics po9t$ out t ! application to life ( ! comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance to evil w\ld turn humanity away f ! pa? ( civilization1 on :i* x 0 m>*+ n[2 b ! pa? ( civilization1 on :i* ! ,european civilization is m>*+1 is1 9 _! op9ion1 ! "o on :i* all humanity mu/ always m>*4 ,su* 0 ! *ief "* ( ! ,russian criticisms4 ,! =eign critics proce$$ f ! same bases1 b _! reviews ( my book diff]$ f ^? ( ! ,russian critics n only 9 a less] degree ( irritability & a great] degree ( culture1 b also 9 ! ess5ce ( ! matt]4 ,9 discuss+ my book & ! ,gospel tea*+ 9 g5]al1 z x is express$ 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ! =eign critics ass]t$ t su* a tea*+ is really n ,*ri/ian 7,*ri/ian 9 _! op9ion is ,ca?olicism & ,prote/antism71 & t ! doctr9e ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is only a s]ies ( v *>m+1 impracticable rev]ies du *>mant docteur1 z ,r5an us$ to say1 :i* 7 good en\gh = ! nave & half-wild inhabitants ( ,galilee1 :o liv$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 & = ! ,russian peasants1 ,syutev & ,bond>v1 & ! ,russian my/ic1 ,tol/y1 b c 9 no way be appli$ to ! high degree ( ,european culture4 ,! =eign lay critics tri$1 9 a ref9$ mann]1 )\t giv+ me any (f5ce1 to let me "k t my op9ion t humanity c be guid$ by su* a nave tea*+ z ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is due p>tly to my ignorance1 lack ( acqua9tance ) hi/ory1 lack ( k ( all ^? va9 attempts to realize 9 life ! pr9ciples ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 :i* h be5 made 9 hi/ory1 & h l$ to no?+1 ?anks to ignorance conc]n+ ! :ole significance ( t high degree ( culture on :i* ,european civilization n[ /&s1 ) its ,krupp guns1 smokeless p[d]1 ! colonization ( ,africa1 ! gov]nm5t ( ,irel&1 p>liam5ts1 j\rnalism1 /rikes1 con/itutions1 & ,eiffel ,t[]4 ,?us wrote ,vog1 & ,l]oy ,beaulieu1 & ,mat!w ,arnold1 & ! ,am]ican writ] ,savage1 & ,+]soll1 a popul> ,am]ican prea*] ( free ?\ght1 & _m o!rs4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ is no good1 because x does n h>monize ) our indu/rial age1 navely says ,+]soll1 ?us express+ ) absolute precision & navet :at ! ref9$ & cultur$ m5 ( our "t ?9k ab\t ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,! tea*+ is no good = our indu/rial age1 z ?\gh ! exi/5ce ( ! indu/rial age is some?+ sacr$ :i* mu/ n & _c be *ang$4 ,x is some?+ l :at drunk>ds w\ld d1 if1 9 response to advice ab\t h[ to get !mselves into a sob] /ate1 !y %\ld reply t ! advice is out ( place 9 connection ) _! pres5t alcoholic /ate4 ,! discussions ( all ! lay writ]s1 bo? ,russian & =eign1 no matt] h[ diff]5t _! tone & ! mann] ( _! argum5ts may be1 9 reality r$uce !mselves to "o & ! same /range misund]/&+1 namely1 t ,*ri/'s tea*+1 "o ( ! consequ5ces ( :i* is non-resi/ance to evil1 is useless to u1 because x dem&s t our life be *ang$4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ is useless1 because1 if x 7 put into practice1 our life c\ld n cont9ue2 9 o!r words1--if we began to live well1 z ,*ri/ has taught u1 we c\ld n cont9ue to live badly1 z we live & are accu/om$ to live4 ,! "q ( non-resi/ance to evil is n discuss$1 & ! v m5tion ( ! fact t ! dem& = non-resi/ance to evil ent]s into ,*ri/'s tea*+ is consid]$ a suffici5t pro( ( ! inapplicability ( ! :ole tea*+4 ,& yet1 x w\ld seem1 x is indisp5sable to po9t out "s k9d ( a solution to ?is "q1 because x lies at ! f\ndation ( ne>ly all affairs :i* int]e/ u4 ,! "q consi/s 9 ?is3 h[ are we to h>monize ! conflicts ( m51 :5 "s consid] an evil :at o!rs consid] to be good1 & vice v]sa8 ,& s1 to consid] t an evil :i* ,i consid] an evil1 al?\gh my adv]s>y may consid] x good1 is no answ]4 ,!re c be b two answ]s3 ei!r we h to f9d a true & indisputable crit]ion ( :at an evil is1 or we mu/ n resi/ evil ) viol5ce4 ,! fir/ solution has be5 tri$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( hi/orical times1 &1 z we all "k1 has s f> l$ to no satisfactory results4 ,! second answ]1 n to resi/ ) viol5ce :at we consid] evil1 s long z we h f\nd no common crit]ion1 0 propos$ by ,*ri/4 ,x may be f\nd t ,*ri/'s answ] is n correct3 x may be possible to put 9 its place ano!r1 bett] answ]1 by f9d+ a crit]ion :i* w\ld indubitably & simultane\sly = all def9e ! evil2 we may simply n recognize ! ess5ce ( ! "q1 z x is n recogniz$ by ! savage nations1--b x is impossible1 z ! le>n$ critics ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ d1 to make x appe> t su* a "q does n at all exi/1 or t ! relegation ( ! "r to det]m9e ! evil & resi/ x ) viol5ce to c]ta9 p]sons or assemblies ( m5 7mu* less1 if we are ^! m571 solves ! "q2 :]eas we all "k t su* a relegation does n at all solve ! "q1 s9ce !re are "s p :o d n recognize ?is "r z belong+ to c]ta9 p or to assemblies ( m54 ,b x is ?is recognition t :at to u appe>s evil is evil1 or an absolute failure to compreh5d ! "q1 :i* s]ves z a f\ndation = ! judgm5t ( ! lay critics conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 s t ! op9ions conc]n+ my book1 bo? ( ! ecclesia/ic & ! lay critics1 %[$ me t ! majority ( m5 absolutely fail to compreh5d1 n only ,*ri/'s v tea*+1 b ev5 ^? que/ions to :i* x s]ves z an answ]4 ,,iii4 ,?us1 bo? ! in=mation receiv$ by me aft] ! publication ( my book1 z to h[ ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ 9 its direct & true s5se has )\t int]ruption be5 und]/ood by ! m9ority ( m51 & ! criticisms ^u x1 bo? ! ecclesia/ic & ! lay criticisms1 :i* d5i$ ! possibility ( und]/&+ ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 ! direct s5se1 conv9c$ me t1 :ile1 on ! "o h&1 ! true compreh5sion ( ?is tea*+ nev] ceas$ = ! m9ority1 & became cle>] & cle>] to !m1 on ! o!r h&1 = ! majority1 its mean+ became m & m obscure1 f9ally rea*+ su* a degree ( obscuration t m5 no long] compreh5d ! simple/ propositions1 :i* are express$ 9 ! ,gospel 9 ! simple/ words4 ,! failure to compreh5d ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 its true1 simple1 & direct s5se 9 our "t1 :5 ! light ( ?is tea*+ has p5etrat$ all ! d>ke/ corn]s ( human consci\sness2 :51 z ,*ri/ has said1 t :i* ,he has spok5 9 ! e>1 !y n[ proclaim ^u ! h\setops2 :5 ?is tea*+ p]meates all ! sides ( human life1--! dome/ic1 ! economic1 ! civil1 ! political1 & ! int]national1--?is failure to compreh5d w\ld be incompreh5sible1 if !re 7 no causes = x4 ,"o ( ^! causes is ?is1 t bo? ! believ]s & ! unbeliev]s are firmly conv9c$ t ,*ri/'s tea*+ has be5 compreh5d$ by !m long ago1 & s completely1 indubitably1 & f9ally1 t !re c be no o!r mean+ 9 x ?an ! "o !y ascribe to x4 ,?is cause is due to ! duration ( ! tradition ( ! false compreh5sion1 & s ( ! failure to und]/& ! true tea*+4 ,! mo/ p[]ful /ream ( wat] _c add a drop to a vessel t is full4 ,x is possible to expla9 ! mo/ intricate matt]s to a man ( v h>d compreh5sion1 s long z he has n =m$ any idea ab\t !m2 b x is impossible to expla9 ! simple/ ?+ to a v clev] man1 if he is firmly conv9c$ t he kn[s1 &1 besides1 inconte/ably kn[s1 :at has be5 transmitt$ to him4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ pres5ts itself to ! m5 ( our _w precisely z su* a tea*+1 :i* has = a long "t & 9 a mo/ indubitable mann] be5 kn[n 9 its m9ute/ details1 & :i* _c be compreh5d$ 9 any o!r mann] ?an x n[ is4 ,*ri/ianity is n[ und]/ood by ^? :o pr(ess ! *ur* doctr9es z a sup]natural1 miracul\s revelation conc]n+ ev]y?+ :i* is giv5 9 ! symbol ( fai?1 & by ^? :o d n believe1 z an obsolete manife/ation ( humanity's ne$ ( believ+ 9 some?+ sup]natural1 z a hi/orical ph5om5on1 :i* is completely express$ 9 ,ca?olicism1 ,or?odoxy1 ,prote/antism1 & :i* has no long] any vital mean+ = u4 ,= ! believ]s ! mean+ ( ! tea*+ is conceal$ by ! *ur*1 = unbeliev]s by sci5ce4 ,i %all beg9 ) ! fir/3 ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago !re appe>$ 9 ! pagan ,roman _w a /range1 new tea*+1 :i* resembl$ no?+ :i* prec$$ x1 & :i* 0 ascrib$ to ! man ,*ri/4 ,?is new tea*+ 0 absolutely new1 bo? 9 =m & 9 cont5ts1 = ! ,european _w1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* x arose1 & especially 9 ! ,roman _w1 :]e x 0 prea*$ & became diffus$4 ,amid/ ! elaborat5ess ( ! religi\s rules ( ,judaism1 :]e1 accord+ to ,isaiah1 !re 0 rule ^u rule1 & amid/ ! ,roman legislation1 :i* 0 work$ out to a great degree ( p]fection1 !re appe>$ a tea*+ :i* n only d5i$ all ! div9ities1--e fe> ( !m1 e div9ation & fai? 9 !m1--b also all human in/itutions & e necessity = !m4 ,9 ! place ( all ! rules ( =m] fai?s1 ?is tea*+ advanc$ only ! model ( an inn] p]fection ( tru? & ( love 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 & ! consequ5ces ( ?is inn] p]fection1 atta9able by m51--! ext]nal p]fection1 z pr$ict$ by ! prophets1--! k+dom ( ,god1 9 :i* all m5 w /op w>r+1 & all w be taught by ,god & unit$ 9 love1 & ! lion w lie ) ! lamb4 ,9 place ( ! ?reats ( puni%m5ts = ! non-compliance ) ! rules1 :i* 7 made by ! =m] laws1 bo? religi\s & political1 9 place ( ! enticem5t ( rew>ds = fulfill+ !m1 ?is tea*+ call$ m5 to itself only by its be+ ! tru?4 ,john vii4 #ag3 ,if any man wants to "k ( ?is doctr9e1 :e!r x be ( ,god1 let him fulfil x4 ,john viii4 #df3 ,if ,i say ! tru?1 :y d ye n believe me8 ,:y d y seek to kill a man :o has told y ! tru?8 ,! tru? alone w free y4 ,god mu/ be pr(ess$ 9 tru? only4 ,! :ole tea*+ w be reveal$ & w be made cle> by ! _s ( tru?4 ,d :at ,i say1 & y w "k :e!r :at ,i say is true4 ,no pro(s 7 giv5 ( ! tea*+1 except ! tru?1 except ! correspond5ce ( ! tea*+ ) ! tru?4 ,! :ole tea*+ consi/$ 9 ! k ( ! tru? & 9 foll[+ x1 9 a great] & ev] great] approximation to x1 9 matt]s ( life4 ,accord+ to ?is tea*+1 !re are no acts :i* c ju/ify a man1 make him righte\s2 !re is only ! model ( tru? :i* attracts all he>ts1 = ! inn] p]fection--9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 & = ! out]--9 ! realization ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,! fulfilm5t ( ! tea*+ is only 9 ! motion along a giv5 pa?1 9 ! approximation to p]fection1--! inn]1--! imitation ( ,*ri/1 & ! out]1--! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,a man's great] or less] good1 accord+ to ?is tea*+1 dep5ds1 n on ! degree ( p]fection :i* he atta9s1 b on ! great] or less] accel]ation ( motion4 ,! motion t[>d p]fection ( ! publican1 ( ,zac*u1 ( ! h>lot1 ( ! robb] on ! cross1 is1 accord+ to ?is tea*+1 a great] good ?an ! immovable righte\sness ( ! ,ph>isee4 ,a %eep gone a/ray is m preci\s ?an n9ety-n9e :o h n4 ,! prodigal son1 ! lo/ co9 :i* is f\nd aga91 is m preci\s1 m lov$ by ,god ?an ^? :o 7 n lo/4 ,e condition is1 accord+ to ?is tea*+1 only a c]ta9 /ep on ! road t[>d ! unatta9able inn] & out] p]fection1 & s has no mean+4 ,! good is only 9 ! motion t[>d p]fection2 b ! /opp+ at any /age :atsoev] is only a cessation ( ! good4 ,let n ?y left h& "k :at ?y "r h& doe?1 & ,no man1 hav+ put 8 h& to ! pl\gh1 & look+ back1 is fit = ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,rejoice n1 t ! spirits are subject unto y2 b r rejoice1 because y\r names are writt5 9 heav54 ,be ye p]fect z y\r ,fa!r :i* is 9 ,heav5 is p]fect4 ,seek ! k+dom ( ,god & ,8 righte\sness4 ,! fulfilm5t ( ! tea*+ is only 9 unceas+ motion1--9 ! atta9m5t ( a high] & ev] high] tru?1 & 9 an ev] great] realization ( ! same 9 oneself by means ( an ev] increas+ love1 & outside ( oneself by an ev] great] realization ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,x is evid5t t1 hav+ appe>$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,jewi% & ! pagan _w1 ?is tea*+ c\ld n h be5 accept$ by ! majority ( m51 :o liv$ a life entirely diff]5t f ! "o :i* ?is tea*+ dem&$2 & t x c\ld n ev5 be compreh5d$ 9 its full significance by ^? :o accept$ x1 z x 0 diametrically oppos$ to _! =m] views4 ,only by a s]ies ( misconceptions1 blund]s1 "o-sid$ explanations1 correct$ & supplem5t$ by g5]ations ( m51 0 ! mean+ ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ made m & m cle> to m54 ,! ,*ri/ian _w-conception affect$ ! ,jewi% & ! pagan conceptions1 & ! ,jewi% & pagan conceptions affect$ ! ,*ri/ian _w-conception4 ,& ! ,*ri/ian1 z be+ vital1 p5etrat$ ! reviv+ ,jewi% & pagan conceptions m & m1 & /ood =? m & m cle>ly1 free+ itself f ! false admixture1 :i* 0 impos$ ^u x4 ,m5 came to compreh5d ! mean+ bett] & bett]1 & m & m realiz$ x 9 life4 ,! long] humanity liv$1 ! m & m 0 ! mean+ ( ,*ri/ianity made cle> to x1 z inde$ x c\ld n & _c be o!rwise ) any tea*+ ab\t life4 ,! subsequ5t g5]ations correct$ ! mi/akes ( _! pr$ecessors1 & m & m approa*$ ! compreh5sion ( its true mean+4 ,?us x has be5 s9ce ! e>lie/ times ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,& "h1 9 ! e>lie/ times1 !re appe>$ m51 :o began to ass]t t ! mean+ :i* !y ascrib$ to ! tea*+ 0 ! only true "o1 & t z a pro( ( x s]v$ ! sup]natural ph5om5a :i* confirm$ ! correctness ( _! compreh5sion4 ,x 0 ?is t 0 ! *ief cause1 at fir/1 ( ! failure to compreh5d ! tea*+1 & lat]1 ( its complete corruption4 ,x 0 assum$ t ,*ri/'s tea*+ 0 n transmitt$ to m5 l any o!r tru?1 b 9 a special1 sup]natural mann]1 s t ! tru? ( ! compreh5sion ( ! tea*+ 0 n prov$ by ! correspond5ce ( :at 0 transmitt$ ) ! dem&s ( reason & ( ! :ole human nature1 b by ! miracul\sness ( ! transmission1 :i* s]v$ z an incontrov]tible pro( ( ! correctness ( ! compreh5sion4 ,?is proposition arose f a lack ( compreh5sion1 & its consequ5ce 0 an impossibility ( compreh5d+4 ,?is began ) ! v fir/ times1 :5 ! tea*+ 0 /ill und]/ood incompletely & (t5 p]v]sely1 z we may see f ! gospels & f ! ,acts4 ,! less ! tea*+ 0 und]/ood1 ! m obscurely did x pres5t itself1 & ! m necess>y 7 ! ext]nal pro(s ( its v]acity4 ,! proposition ab\t n do+ unto ano!r :at "o does n wi% to h done to oneself did n ne$ any pro( by means ( miracles1 & !re 0 no ne$ = dem&+ belief 9 ?is proposition1 because x is conv9c+ 9 itself1 9 t x corresponds to bo? man's reason & nature1 b ! proposition z to ,*ri/ be+ ,god _h to be prov$ by means ( miracles1 :i* are absolutely incompreh5sible4 ,! m obscure ! compreh5sion ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ 01 ! m miracul\s elem5ts 7 mix$ 9 ) x2 & ! m miracul\s elem5ts 7 mix$ 91 ! m did ! tea*+ deviate f its mean+ & become obscure2 & ! m x deviat$ f its mean+ & became obscure1 ! m /rongly x 0 necess>y to ass]t "o's infallibility1 & ! less did ! tea*+ become compreh5sible4 ,we c see f ! gospels1 ! ,acts1 ! epi/les1 h[ f ! e>lie/ times ! failure to compreh5d ! tea*+ call$ =? ! necessity ( prov+ its tru? by means ( ! miracul\s & ! incompreh5sible4 ,accord+ to ! ,acts1 ?is began ) ! meet+ ( ! disciples at ,j]usalem1 :o assembl$ to settle ! "q :i* _h aris5 z to baptiz+ or n baptiz+ ! uncircumcis$ :o 7 /ill eat+ meats (f]$ to idols4 ,! v putt+ ( ! "q %[$ t ^? :o 7 discuss+ x did n und]/& ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 :o reject$ all ext]nal rites--ablutions1 purifications1 fa/s1 ,sabba?s4 ,x says directly t n ! ?+s :i* ent] a man's m\?1 b ^? :i* come out ( 8 he>t1 defile him1 & s ! "q z to ! baptism ( ! uncircumcis$ c\ld h aris5 only among m5 :o lov$ _! tea*]1 dimly felt ,8 greatness1 b /ill v obscurely compreh5d$ ! tea*+ itself4 ,& s x 04 ,9 proportion z ! memb]s ( ! assembly did n und]/& ! tea*+1 !y ne$$ an ext]nal confirmation ( _! incomplete und]/&+4 ,& s1 to solve ! "q1 ! v putt+ ( :i* %[s ! failure to compreh5d ! tea*+1 ! /range words1 ,x has seem$ good to ! ,holy ,gho/1 & to u1 :i* 7 9 an ext]nal mann] to confirm ! ju/ice ( c]ta9 e/abli%m5ts1 & :i* h caus$ s mu* evil1 71 z describ$ 9 ! ,book ( ,acts1 = ! fir/ "t pron\nc$ at ?is meet+1 t is1 x 0 ass]t$ t ! ju/ice ( :at !y decre$ 0 te/ifi$ to by ! miracul\s p>ticipation ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 t is1 ( ,god1 9 ?is solution4 ,b ! ass]tion t ! ,holy ,gho/1 t is1 ,god1 spoke ?r\gh ! apo/les1 _h aga9 to be prov$4 ,& = ?is x 0 necess>y to ass]t t on ! day ( ,p5teco/ ! ,holy ,gho/ came d[n 9 ! %ape ( tongues ( fire on ^? :o ass]t$ ?is4 7,9 ! description ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ prec$es ! assembly1 b ! ,acts 7 writt5 d[n mu* lat] ?an ei!r47 ,b ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ _h to be confirm$ = ^? :o _h n se5 ! tongues ( fire 7?\gh x is incompreh5sible :y a tongue ( fire burn+ above a man's head %\ld prove t :at a man says is an indisputable tru?71 & !re 7 ne$$ new miracles1 cures1 resurrections1 putt+ to dea?1 & all ^? (f5sive miracles1 ) :i* ! ,acts are fill$1 & :i* n only c nev] conv9ce a man ( ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 b c only repel him f x4 ,! consequ5ce ( su* a me?od ( confirmation 0 ?is1 t ! m ^! confirmations ( ! tru? by means ( /ories ( miracles heap$ up ^u "o ano!r1 ! m did ! tea*+ itself dep>t f its orig9al mean+1 & ! less compreh5sible did x become4 ,?us x has be5 s9ce ! e>lie/ times1 & x has be5 increas+ly s all ! "t1 until x logically rea*$ 9 our "t ! dogmas ( ! transub/antiation & ( ! infallibility ( ! ,pope1 or ( ! bi%ops1 or ( ! writ+s1 t is1 some?+ absolutely incompreh5sible1 :i* has rea*$ ! po9t ( absurdity & ! dem& = a bl9d fai?1 n 9 ,god1 n 9 ,*ri/1 n ev5 9 ! tea*+1 b 9 a p]son1 z is ! case 9 ,ca?olicism1 or 9 sev]al p]sons1 z 9 ,or?odoxy1 or 9 a book1 z 9 ,prote/antism4 ,! m ,*ri/ianity became diffus$1 & ! great] 0 ! cr[d ( unprep>$ m5 :i* x embrac$1 ! less x 0 und]/ood1 ! m def9itely 0 ! infallibility ( ! compreh5sion ass]t$1 & ! less did x become possible to und]/& ! true mean+ ( ! tea*+4 ,z e>ly z ! "t ( ,con/ant9e ! :ole compreh5sion ( ! tea*+ 0 r$uc$ to a rsum1 confirm$ by ! worldly p[]1--a rsum ( disputes :i* took place 9 a c\ncil1--to a symbol ( fai?1 9 :i* x says1 ,i believe 9 s & s1 & s & s1 & f9ally1 9 ! "o1 holy1 ca?olic1 & apo/olic *ur*1 t is1 9 ! infallibility ( ^? p]sons :o call !mselves ! *ur*1 s t ev]y?+ 0 r$uc$ to ?is1 t a man no long] believes 9 ,god1 nor 9 ,*ri/1 z !y h be5 reveal$ to him1 b 9 :at ! *ur* comm&s him to believe4 ,b ! *ur* is holy1--! *ur* 0 f\nd$ by ,*ri/4 ,god c\ld n h left x to m5 to give an arbitr>y int]pretation to ,8 tea*+1--& s ,he e/abli%$ ! *ur*4 ,all ^! expositions are to su* an ext5t unju/ & bold t "o feels "s compunction 9 ov]?r[+ !m4 ,!re is no?+ b ! ass]tion ( ! *ur*es to %[ t ,god or ,*ri/ f\nd$ any?+ resembl+ :at ! *ur*m5 und]/& by *ur*4 ,9 ! ,gospel !re is an indication aga9/ ! *ur*1 z an ext]nal au?ority1 & ?is indication is mo/ obvi\s & cle> 9 t place :]e x says t ,*ri/'s disciples %\ld n call any "o tea*]s & fa!rs4 ,b n[h]e is !re any?+ said ab\t ! e/abli%m5t ( :at ! *ur*m5 call a *ur*4 ,9 ! gospels ! ^w *ur* is us$ twice1--once1 9 ! s5se ( an assembly ( m5 decid+ a dispute2 ! o!r "t1 9 connection ) ! obscure words ab\t ! rock1 ,pet]1 & ! gates ( hell4 ,f ^! two m5tions ( ! ^w *ur*1 :i* has ! mean+ ( no?+ b an assembly1 !y d$uce :at we n[ und]/& by ! ^w *ur*4 ,b ,*ri/ c\ld c]ta9ly n h f\nd$ a *ur*1 t is1 :at we n[ und]/& by ! ^w1 because nei!r 9 ,*ri/'s words1 nor 9 ! conceptions ( ! m5 ( t "t1 0 !re any?+ resembl+ ! concept ( a *ur*1 z we "k x n[1 ) its sacram5ts1 its hi]>*y1 &1 above all1 its ass]tion ( infallibility4 ,! fact t m5 nam$ :at 0 =m$ lat] by ! same ^w :i* ,*ri/ _h us$ 9 respect to some?+ else1 does 9 no way give !m ! "r to ass]t t ,*ri/ e/abli%$ ! "o1 true *ur*4 ,besides1 if ,*ri/ _h really f\nd$ su* an in/itution z ! *ur*1 on :i* ! :ole doctr9e & ! :ole fai? are bas$1 ,he w\ld mo/ likely h express$ ?is e/abli%m5t 9 su* def9ite & cle> words1 & w\ld h giv5 ! "o1 true *ur*1 outside ( ! /ories ab\t ! miracles1 :i* are us$ 9 connection ) e sup]/ition1 su* signs z to leave no d\bts conc]n+ its au!nticity2 !re is no?+ ( ! k9d1 b !re are n[1 z !re h be51 all k9ds ( in/itutions :i*1 ea* ( !m1 call !mselves ! "o1 true *ur*4 ,! ,ca?olic cate*ism says3 ,l'glise e/ la socit de fidles tablie p> notre ,seigneur ,jsus-,*ri/1 rp&ue sur t\te la t]re et s\mise l'autorit des pa/eurs lgitimes1 pr9cipalem5t notre ,sa9t ,pre--le ,pape1 mean+ by pa/eurs lgitimes a human in/itution1 :i* has ! ,pope at its head & :i* is compos$ ( c]ta9 p]sons :o are connect$ among !mselves by a c]ta9 organization4 ,! ,or?odox cate*ism says3 ,! *ur* is a society1 e/abli%$ by ,jesus ,*ri/ ^u e>?1 unit$ among !mselves into "o :ole by ! "o1 div9e tea*+ & ! sacram5ts1 "u ! guidance & managem5t ( ! ,god-e/abli%$ hi]>*y1 mean+ by ,god-e/abli%$ hi]>*y ! ,greek hi]>*y1 :i* is compos$ ( su* & su* p]sons1 :o are to be f\nd 9 su* & su* places4 ,! ,lu!ran cate*ism says3 ,! *ur* is holy ,*ri/ianity1 or an assembly ( all believ]s1 "u ,*ri/1 _! *ief1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ ?r\gh ! ,gospel & ! sacram5ts (f]s1 communicates1 & secures div9e salvation1 mean+1 by ?is1 t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has gone a/ray & has fall5 away1 & t ! true tradition is pres]v$ 9 ,lu!ranism4 ,= ! ,ca?olics ! div9e *ur* co9cides ) ! ,roman hi]>*y & ! ,pope4 ,= ! ,greek ,or?odox ! div9e *ur* co9cides ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,ea/]n & ! ,russian ,*ur*4#h ,= ! ,lu!rans ! div9e *ur* co9cides ) ! assembly ( m5 :o recognize ! ,bible & ,lu!r's cate*ism4 #h ,khomyakv's def9ition ( ! *ur*1 :i* has "s curr5cy among ,russians1 does n m5d matt]s1 if we recognize ) ,khomyakv t ! ,or?odox is ! "o true *ur*4 ,khomyakv ass]ts t ! *ur* is an assembly ( m5 7( all1 bo? ! cl]gy & ! congregation7 unit$ 9 love1 & t ! tru? is reveal$ only to ^? :o are unit$ 9 love 7,let u love "o ano!r1 s t 9 agreem5t ( ?\ght1 & s =?71 & t su* a *ur* is ! "o :i*1 9 ! fir/ place1 recognizes ! ,nic5e symbol1 &1 9 ! second1 aft] ! division ( ! *ur*es1 does n recognize ! ,pope & ! new dogmas4 ,b ) su* a def9ition ( ! *ur* !re appe>s a /ill great] difficulty 9 h>moniz+1 z ,khomyakv wants to1 ! *ur* :i* is unit$ 9 love ) ! *ur* :i* recognizes ! ,nic5e symbol & ! ju/ice ( ,photius4 ,?us ,khomyakv's ass]tion t ?is *ur*1 :i* is unit$ 9 love & s is holy1 is ! *ur* z pr(ess$ by ! ,greek hi]>*y1 is /ill m arbitr>y ?an ! ass]tions ( ! ,ca?olics & ( ! anci5t ,or?odox4 ,if we admit ! concept ( ! *ur* 9 ! s5se :i* ,khomyakv gives to x1 t is1 z an assembly ( m5 unit$ 9 love & 9 tru?1 !n ev]y?+ a man c say 9 relation to ?is assembly is1 t x is v desirable to be a memb] ( su* an assembly1 if su* exi/s1 t is1 to be 9 love & tru?2 b !re are no ext]nal signs by :i* x w\ld be possible to c\nt oneself or ano!r 9 ) ?is holy assembly1 or to exclude oneself f x1 z no ext]nal in/itution c correspond to ?is concept4--,au?or's ,note4 ,speak+ ( ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity1 m5 :o belong to "o or ! o!r ( ! exi/+ *ur*es g5]ally use ! ^w *ur* 9 ! s+ul>1 z ?\gh !re has be5 b "o *ur*4 ,b ?is is q untrue4 ,! *ur*1 z an in/itution :i* ass]ts ( itself t x is 9 possession ( ! unque/ionable tru?1 appe>$ only :5 x 0 n alone1 b !re 7 at lea/ two ( !m4 ,s long z ! believ]s agre$ among !mselves1 & ! assembly 0 "o1 x _h no ne$ ( ass]t+ t x 0 ! *ur*4 ,only :5 ! believ]s divid$ into opposite p>ties1 :i* d5i$ "o ano!r1 did !re appe> ! necessity = ea* side to ass]t its au!nticity1 ascrib+ infallibility to itself4 ,! concept ( ! "o *ur* arose only f ?is1 t1 :5 two sides disagre$ & qu>rell$1 ea* ( !m1 call+ ! o!r a h]esy1 recogniz$ only its own z ! infallible *ur*4 ,if we "k t !re 0 a *ur*1 :i* 9 ! ye> #ea decid$ to receive ! uncircumcis$1 ?is *ur* made its appe>ance only because !re 0 ano!r *ur*1 t ( ! ,judaiz+1 :i* _h decid$ n to receive ! uncircumcis$4 ,if !re n[ is a ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* ass]ts its infallibility1 x does ?is only because !re are ! ,grco-,russian1 ,or?odox1 ,lu!ran ,*ur*es1 ea* ( :i* ass]ts its own infallibility1 & ?us rejects all ! o!r *ur*es4 ,?us ! "o *ur* is only a fanta/ic conception1 :i* has n ! slighte/ sign ( reality4 ,z an actual1 hi/orical ph5om5on !re h exi/$ only _m assemblies ( m51 ea* ( :i* has ass]t$ t x is ! "o *ur*1 e/abli%$ by ,*ri/1 & t all ! o!rs1 :i* call !mselves *ur*es1 are h]esies & s*isms4 ,! cate*isms ( ! mo/ widely diffus$ *ur*es1 ! ,ca?olic1 ! ,or?odox1 & ! ,lu!ran1 say s outright4 ,9 ! ,ca?olic cate*ism x says3 ,quels sont ceux1 qui sont hors de l'glise8 ,les infidles1 les hrtiques1 les s*ismatiques4 ,z s*ismatics are reg>d$ ! s-call$ ,or?odox4 ,! ,lu!rans are consid]$ to be h]etics2 ?us1 accord+ to ! ,ca?olic cate*ism1 ! ,ca?olics alone are 9 ! *ur*4 ,9 ! s-call$ ,or?odox cate*ism x says3 ,by ! "o *ur* ( ,*ri/ is meant no?+ b ! ,or?odox1 :i* rema9s 9 complete agreem5t ) ! cum5ical *ur*4 ,b z to ! ,roman ,*ur* & ! o!r confessions 7! *ur* does n ev5 m5tion ! ,lu!rans & o!rs71 !y _c be ref]r$ to ! "o1 true *ur*1 s9ce !y h !mselves sep>at$ f x4 ,accord+ to ?is def9ition ! ,ca?olics & ,lu!rans are outside ! *ur*1 & 9 ! *ur* are only ! ,or?odox4 ,b ! ,lu!ran cate*ism runs z foll[s3 ,die wahre ,kir*e wird d>an erkannt1 dass 9 ihr das ,wort ,gottes laut] und re9 ohne ,m5s*5zustze gelehrt und die ,sacram5te treu na* ,*ri/i ,e9setzung gewahrt w]d54 ,accord+ to ?is def9ition1 all ^? :o h add$ any?+ to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ & ! apo/les1 z ! ,ca?olic & ,greek ,*ur*es h done1 are outside ! *ur*4 ,& 9 ! *ur* are only ! ,prote/ants4 ,! ,ca?olics ass]t t ! ,holy ,gho/ has un9t]rupt$ly op]at$ 9 _! hi]>*y2 ! ,or?odox ass]t t ! same ,holy ,gho/ has op]at$ 9 _! hi]>*y2 ! ,arians ass]t$ t ! ,holy ,gho/ op]at$ 9 _! hi]>*y 7?is !y ass]t$ ) z mu* "r z ! n[ rul+ *ur*es ass]t x72 ! ,prote/ants ( e description1 ,lu!rans1 ,re=m]s1 ,presbyt]ians1 ,me?odi/s1 ,sw$5borgians1 ,mormons1 ass]t t ! ,holy ,gho/ op]ates only 9 _! assemblies4 ,if ! ,ca?olics ass]t t ! ,holy ,gho/ dur+ ! division ( ! ,arian & ( ! ,greek ,*ur*es left ! apo/atiz+ *ur*es & rema9$ only 9 ! "o1 true *ur*1 ! ,prote/ants ( e d5om9ation c ) ! same "r ass]t t dur+ ! sep>ation ( _! *ur* f ! ,ca?olic ! ,holy ,gho/ left ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & pass$ ov] to ! "o :i* !y recognize4 ,& s !y d4 ,e *ur* d$uces its pr(ession ?r\gh an un9t]rupt$ tradition f ,*ri/ & ! apo/les4 ,&1 inde$1 e ,*ri/ian confession1 aris+ f ,*ri/1 mu/ h inevitably rea*$ ! pres5t g5]ation ?r\gh a c]ta9 tradition4 ,b ?is does n prove t any "o ( ^! traditions1 exclud+ all ! o!rs1 is indubitably ! correct "o4 ,e twig on ! tree goes un9t]rupt$ly back to ! root2 b ! fact t e twig comes f ! same root does 9 no way prove t !re is b "o twig4 ,! same is true ( ! *ur*es4 ,e *ur* (f]s precisely ! same pro(s ( its succession & ev5 ( ! miracles 9 fav\r ( its own au!nticity2 ?us !re is b "o /rict & precise def9ition ( :at ! *ur* is 7n z some?+ fanta/ic1 :i* we %\ld l x to be1 b z some?+ :i* 9 reality exi/s71 & ?is is3 ! *ur* is an assembly ( m51 :o ass]t t !y1 & !y only1 are 9 ! full possession ( ! tru?4 ,x 0 ^! assemblies1 :i* lat] on1 ) ! aid ( ! support ( ! temporal p[]1 pass$ into mighty in/itutions1 t 7 ! *ief imp$im5ts 9 ! dissem9ation ( ! true compreh5sion ( ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,nor c\ld x be o!rwise3 ! *ief peculi>ity ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 z di/+ui%$ f all ! =m] tea*+s1 consi/$ 9 ?is1 t ! m5 :o accept$ x tri$ m & m to und]/& & fulfil ! tea*+1 :]eas ! *ur* doctr9e ass]t$ ! full & f9al compreh5sion & fulfilm5t ( ?is tea*+4 ,h[ev] /range x may seem to u p educat$ 9 ! false doctr9e ab\t ! *ur* z a ,*ri/ian in/itution1 & 9 ! contempt = h]esy1 x 0 only 9 :at is call$ h]esy t !re 0 true motion1 t is1 true ,*ri/ianity1 & x ceas$ to be su* :5 x /opp$ its motion 9 ^! h]esies & became itself arre/$ 9 ! immovable =ms ( ! *ur*4 ,inde$1 :at is a h]esy8 ,read all ! !ological works :i* treat ab\t h]esies1 a subject :i* is ! fir/ to pres5t itself = def9ition1 s9ce e !ology speaks ( ! true tea*+ amid/ ! surr\nd+ false tea*+s1 t is1 h]esies1 & y w n[h]e f9d any?+ resembl+ a def9ition ( h]esy4 ,z a specim5 ( t complete abs5ce ( any semblance ( a def9ition ( :at is und]/ood by ! ^w h]esy may s]ve ! op9ion on ?is subject express$ by ! le>n$ hi/orian ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,e4 de ,press5s1 9 8 ,hi/oire du ,dogme1 ) ! epigraph1 ,ubi ,*ri/us1 ibi ,ecclesia 7,p>is1 #ahfi74 ,?is is :at he says 9 8 introduction3 ,je sais que l'on n\s conte/e le droit de califi] a9si1 t is1 to call h]esies les t5dances qui fur5t si vivem5t combattues p> les premi]s ,pres4 ,la dsignation mme d'hrsie semble une atte9te porte la lib]t de consci5ce et de p5se4 ,n\s ne p\vons p>tag] ces scrupules1 c> ils n'irai5t ri5 mo9s qu' enlev] au *ri/ianisme t\t c>actre di/9ctif4 ,& aft] say+ t aft] ,con/ant9e ! *ur* actually misus$ its p[] 9 def9+ ! diss5t]s z h]etics & p]secut+ !m1 he passes judgm5t on ! e>ly times & says3 ,l'glise e/ une libre association2 il y a t\t pr(it se sp>] d'elle4 ,la polmique contre l'erreur n'a d'autres res\rces que la p5se et le s5tim5t4 ,un type doctr9al uni=me n'a pas encore t labor2 les div]g5ces secondaires se produis5t en ,ori5t et en ,occid5t avec une entire lib]t1 la ?ologie n'e/ po9t lie d'inv>iables =mules4 ,si au se9 de cette div]sit app>ait un fond commun de croyances1 n'e/-on pas en droit d'y voir non pas un sy/me =mul et compos p> les reprs5tants d'une autorit d'cole1 mais la foi elle mme1 dans son in/9ct le plus sr et sa manife/ation la plus spontane8 ,si cette mme unanimit qui se revle dans les croyances ess5tielles1 se retr\ve p\r rep\ss] telles ou telles t5dances1 ne s]ont-n\s pas en droit de conclure que ces t5dances tai5t en dsaccord flagrant avec les pr9cipes fondam5taux du *ri/ianisme8 ,cette prsomption ne se trans=m]a-t-elle pas en c]titude si n\s reconnaissons dans la doctr9e univ]sellem5t rep\sse p> l'glise les traits c>actri/iques de l'une des religions du pass8 ,p\r dire que le gno/icisme ou l'ebionitisme sont les =mes lgitimes de la p5se *rti5ne1 il faut dire h>dim5t qu'il n'y a pas de p5se *rti5ne1 ni de c>actre specifique qui la fasse reconnatre4 ,s\s prtexte de l'l>gir on la diss5t4 ,p]sonne1 au temps de ,platon1 n'eut os de c\vrir de son nom1 une doctr9e qui n'eut pas fait place la ?orie des ides1 et l'on eut excit les ju/es moqu]ies de la ,grce1 en v\lant faire d',epicure ou de ,znon un disciple de l',acadmie4 ,reconnaissons donc que s'il exi/e une religion et une doctr9e qui s'appelle le *ri/ianisme elle peut avoir ses hrsies4 ,! :ole discussion ( ! au?or r$uces itself to ?is1 t e op9ion :i* is n 9 agreem5t ) a code ( dogmas pr(ess$ by u at a giv5 "t is a h]esy2 b at a giv5 "t & 9 a giv5 place p pr(ess some?+1 & ?is pr(ession ( some?+ 9 "s place _c be a crit]ion ( ! tru?4 ,ev]y?+ r$uces itself to ?is1 t ,ubi ,*ri/us1 ibi ,ecclesia2 b ,*ri/ is :]e we are4 ,e s-call$ h]esy1 by recogniz+ z ! tru? :at x pr(esses1 c 9 a simil> mann] f9d 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *ur*es a consi/5t explanation ( :at x pr(esses1 us+ = itself all ! argum5ts ( ,de ,press5s & call+ only its own confession truly ,*ri/ian1 precisely :at all ! h]esies h be5 do+4 ,! only def9ition ( h]esy 7! ^w means "p7 is ! "n giv5 by an assembly ( m5 to e judgm5t :i* rejects "p ( ! tea*+1 z pr(ess$ by ! assembly4 ,a m p>ticul> mean+1 :i* m frequ5tly ?an any o!r is ascrib$ to h]esy1 is t ( an op9ion :i* rejects ! *ur* doctr9e1 z e/abli%$ & support$ by ! worldly p[]4 ,!re is a rem>kable1 little kn[n1 v l>ge "w 7,unp>!yis*e ,kir*5 und ,ketz]-,hi/oria1 #agbi71 by ,gottfri$ ,arnold1 :i* treats directly on ?is subject & :i* %[s all ! illegality1 arbitr>9ess1 s5selessness1 & cruelty ( us+ ! ^w h]esy 9 ! s5se ( rejection4 ,?is book is an attempt at describ+ ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! =m ( a hi/ory ( ! h]esies4 ,9 ! introduction ! au?or puts a numb] ( que/ions3 7#a7 reg>d+ ^? :o make h]etics 7von d5 ,ketz]ma*]n selb/72 7#b7 conc]n+ ^? :o 7 made h]etics2 7#c7 conc]n+ ! subjects ( h]esy2 7#d7 conc]n+ ! me?od ( mak+ h]etics1 & 7#e7 conc]n+ ! aims & consequ5ces ( mak+ h]etics4 ,9 connection ) ea* ( ^! po9ts he puts doz5s ( que/ions1 answ]s to :i* he lat] gives f ! works ( well-kn[n !ologians1 b he *iefly leaves x to ! read] himself to make ! d$uction f ! exposition ( ! :ole book4 ,i %all quote ! foll[+ z samples ( ^! que/ions1 :i* p>tly conta9 ! answ]s4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! f\r? po9t1 z to h[ h]etics are made1 he says 9 "o ( 8 que/ions 7! sev5?73 ,does n all hi/ory %[ t ! greate/ mak]s ( h]etics & ! ma/]s ( ?is "w 7 ^? same wise m5 f :om ! ,fa!r has hidd5 ,8 secrets1 t is1 ! hypocrites1 ,ph>isees1 & lawy]s1 or entirely godless & corrupt p8 ,que/ions #bj & #ba3 ,& did n1 9 ! mo/ corrupt times ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! hypocrites & envi\s p reject ^? v m5 :o 7 p>ticul>ly end[$ by ,god ) great gifts1 & :o 9 ! "t ( pure ,*ri/ianity w\ld h be5 highly e/eem$8 ,&1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld n ^! m51 :o dur+ ! decad5ce ( ,*ri/ianity elevat$ !mselves above ev]y?+ & recogniz$ !mselves to be ! tea*]s ( ! pure/ ,*ri/ianity1 h be5 recogniz$1 9 apo/olic times1 z ! base/ h]etics & anti*ri/ians8 ,express+ 9 ^! que/ions ?is ?\ght1 among o!rs1 t ! v]bal expression ( ! ess5ce ( fai?1 :i* 0 dem&$ by ! *ur*1 & a dep>ture f :i* 0 consid]$ a h]esy1 c\ld nev] completely cov] ! _w-conception ( ! believ]1 & t1 !re=e1 ! dem& = an expression ( fai? by means ( p>ticul> words 0 ! cause ( h]esy1 he says1 9 ,que/ions #ba & #cc3 ,& if ! div9e acts & ?\ghts pres5t !mselves to a man z s great & pr(\nd t he does n f9d correspond+ words 9 :i* to express !m1 mu/ he be recogniz$ z a h]etic1 if he is n able precisely to express 8 ideas8 ,& is n ?is true1 t 9 ! e>ly times !re 0 no h]esy1 because ! ,*ri/ians did n judge "o ano!r accord+ to v]bal expressions1 b accord+ to ! he>t & acts1 9 connection ) a complete lib]ty ( expression1 )\t fe> ( be+ recogniz$ z a h]etic8 ,0 x n a v common & easy me?od ) ! *ur*1 he says 9 ,"q #ba1 :5 ! cl]gy want$ to get rid ( a p]son or ru9 him1 to make him suspect$ z reg>ds 8 doctr9e & to ?r[ ov] him ! cloak ( h]esy1 & ?us to condemn & remove him8 ,?\gh x is true t amid/ ! s-call$ h]etics !re 7 errors & s9s1 yet x is n less true & obvi\s f ! numb]less examples "h adduc$ 7t is1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *ur* & ( h]esy71 he says f>!r on1 t !re has n be5 a s+le s9c]e & consci5ti\s man ) "s /&+ :o has n be5 ru9$ by ! *ur*m5 out ( envy or = o!r causes4 ,?us1 ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s ago1 0 ! significance ( h]esy und]/ood1 & yet ?is conception cont9ues to exi/ until ! pres5t "t4 ,nor c x fail to exi/1 s long z !re is a concept ( ! *ur*4 ,h]esy is ! rev]se ( ! *ur*4 ,:]e !re is ! *ur*1 !re is also h]esy4 ,! *ur* is an assembly ( m5 ass]t+ t !y are 9 possession ( ! indisputable tru?4 ,h]esy is ! op9ion ( p :o d n recognize ! indisputabl5ess ( ! *ur* tru?4 ,h]esy is a manife/ation ( motion 9 ! *ur*1 an attempt at de/roy+ ! ossifi$ ass]tion ( ! *ur*1 an attempt at a liv+ compreh5sion ( ! tea*+4 ,e /ep ( mov+ =w>d1 ( compreh5d+ & fulfill+ ! tea*+ has be5 accompli%$ by ! h]etics3 su* h]etics 7 ,t]tullian1 & ,orig51 & ,augu/9e1 & ,lu!r1 & ,huss1 & ,savon>ola1 & ,*elcick1 & o!rs4 ,nor c\ld x be o!rwise4 ,a disciple ( ,*ri/1 ^: tea*+ consi/s 9 an et]nally great] & great] compreh5sion ( ! tea*+ & 9 a great] & great] fulfilm5t ( x1 9 a motion t[>d p]fection1 _c1 = ! v reason t he is a disciple ( ,*ri/1 ass]t conc]n+ himself or conc]n+ any "o else1 t he fully und]/&s ,*ri/'s tea*+ & fulfils x2 /ill less c he ass]t ?is conc]n+ any assembly4 ,no matt] at :at /age ( compreh5sion & p]fection a disciple ( ,*ri/ may be1 he always feels ! insuffici5cy ( 8 compreh5sion & ( 8 fulfilm5t1 & always /rives aft] a great] compreh5sion & fulfilm5t4 ,& s ! ass]tion ab\t myself or ab\t an assembly1 t ,i1 or we1 possess ! complete compreh5sion ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 & completely fulfil x1 is a r5unciation ( ! _s ( ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,no matt] h[ /range ?is may seem1 ! *ur*es1 z *ur*es1 h always be51 & _c help b be1 in/itutions t are n only =eign1 b ev5 directly ho/ile1 to ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,) good reason ,voltaire call$ ! *ur* l'infme2 ) good reason all1 or ne>ly all1 ! ,*ri/ian s-call$ sects h recogniz$ ! *ur* to be t :ore ( :om ,revelation prophesies2 ) good reason ! hi/ory ( ! *ur* is ! hi/ory ( ! greate/ cruelties & horrors4 ,! *ur*es1 z *ur*es1 are n c]ta9 in/itutions :i* h at _! base ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 ?\gh slightly deviat$ f ! /raight pa?1 z "s ?9k2 ! *ur*es1 z *ur*es1 z assemblies1 :i* ass]t _! infallibility1 are anti*ri/ian in/itutions4 ,betwe5 ! *ur*es1 z *ur*es1 & ,*ri/ianity !re is n only no?+ 9 common b ! "n1 b !y are two absolutely div]g5t & mutually ho/ile pr9ciples4 ,"o is pride1 viol5ce1 self-ass]tion1 immobility1 & dea?2 ! o!r is meekness1 rep5tance1 humility1 motion1 & life4 ,x is impossible at ! same "t to s]ve bo? ma/]s1--"o or ! o!r has to be *os54 ,! s]vants ( ! *ur*es ( all d5om9ations h tri$1 especially ( late1 to appe> z advocates ( motion 9 ,*ri/ianity2 !y make concessions1 wi% to m5d ! abuses :i* h /ol5 into ! *ur*1 & say t = ! sake ( ! abuses we ought n to d5y ! pr9ciple ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* itself1 :i* alone c unite all m5 & be a m$iator betwe5 m5 & ,god4 ,b all ?is is n true4 ,! *ur*es h n only nev] unit$1 b h always be5 "o ( ! *ief causes ( ! disunion ( m51 ( ! hatr$ ( "o ano!r1 ( w>s1 slaught]s1 inquisitions1 nights ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 & s =?1 & ! *ur*es nev] s]ve z m$iators betwe5 m5 & ,god1 :i* is1 inde$1 unnecess>y & is directly =bidd5 by ,*ri/1 :o has reveal$ ! tea*+ directly to e man1 & !y put up dead =ms 9 ! place ( ,god1 & n only fail to reveal ,god to man1 b ev5 conceal ,him f !m4 ,*ur*es :i* h aris5 f ! failure to compreh5d1 & :i* ma9ta9 ?is lack ( compreh5sion by _! immobility1 _c help p]secut+ & oppress+ e compreh5sion ( ! tea*+4 ,!y try to conceal ?is1 b ?is is impossible1 because e motion =w>d along ! pa? indicat$ by ,*ri/ de/roys _! exi/5ce4 ,z "o he>s & reads ! articles & s]mons1 9 :i* ! *ur* writ]s ( mod]n times ( all d5om9ations speak ( ,*ri/ian tru?s & virtues1 z "o he>s & reads ^! clev] discussions1 admonitions1 confessions1 :i* h be5 work$ out by ! ages1 & :i* sometimes look v mu* z ?\gh !y 7 s9c]e1 "o is prep>$ to d\bt t ! *ur*es c\ld be ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity3 ,x c]ta9ly _c be t ^! p1 :o h produc$ su* m5 z ,*ryso/om1 ,fnelon1 ,butl]1 & o!r prea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 %\ld be ho/ile to x4 ,"o feels l say+3 ,! *ur*es may h deviat$ f ,*ri/ianity1 may be 9 error1 b _c be ho/ile to x4 ,b z "o looks at ! fruits1 9 ord] to judge ! tree1 z ,*ri/ has taught u to d1 & sees t _! fruits h be5 evil1 t ! consequ5ce ( _! activity has be5 ! di/ortion ( ,*ri/ianity1 "o _c help b feel t1 no matt] h[ good ! m5 h be51 ! cause ( ! *ur*es 9 :i* !y h tak5 "p has n be5 ,*ri/ian4 ,! goodness & ! des]ts ( all ^! m51 :o s]v$ ! *ur*es1 7 ! goodness & ! des]ts ( m51 b n ( ! cause :i* !y s]v$4 ,all ^! good m5--l ,francis d',assisi & ,francis de ,lobes1 our ,tkhon ,zadnski1 ,?omas ,kempis1 & o!rs--7 good m51 9 spite ( _! hav+ s]v$ a cause :i* is ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity1 & !y w\ld h be5 bett] & m des]v+ /ill1 if !y _h n succumb$ to ! error :i* !y s]v$4 ,b :y speak ( ! pa/1 judge ( ! pa/1 :i* may h be5 falsely repres5t$ to u8 ,! *ur*es ) _! f\ndations & ) _! activity are n a "w ( ! pa/3 ! *ur*es are n[ be=e u1 & we c judge ( !m directly1 by _! activity1 _! influ5ce ^u m54 ,9 :at does ! activity ( ! *ur*es n[ consi/8 ,h[ d !y act ^u m58 ,:at d ! *ur*es d 9 our c\ntry1 among ! ,ca?olics1 among ! ,prote/ants ( e d5om9ation8 ,9 :at does _! activity consi/1 & :at are ! consequ5ces ( _! activity8 ,! activity ( our ,russian1 s-call$ ,or?odox1 ,*ur* is 9 full sight4 ,x is a va/ fact1 :i* _c be conceal$1 & ab\t :i* !re c be no dispute4 ,9 :at consi/s ! activity ( ?is ,russian ,*ur*1 ?is enorm\s1 t5sely active in/itution1 :i* consi/s ( an army ( half a million1 co/+ ! nation t5s ( millions8 ,! activity ( ?is *ur* consi/s 9 us+ e possible means = ! purpose ( in/ill+ 9 ! "o hundr$ millions ( ! ,russian population ^? obsolete1 backw>d fai?s1 :i* n[ h no ju/ification :atsoev]1 & :i* sometime 9 ! pa/ 7 pr(ess$ by p t are ali5 to our nation1 & 9 :i* h>dly any "o n[ believes1 frequ5tly ev5 n ^? ^: duty x is to dissem9ate ^! false doctr9es4 ,! inculcation ( ^! ali51 obsolete =mulas ( ! ,byzant9e cl]gy1 :i* no long] h any mean+ = ! m5 ( our "t1 ab\t ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,holy ,virg91 ! sacram5ts1 grace1 & s =?1 =ms "o "p ( ! activity ( ! ,russian ,*ur*2 ano!r "p ( its activity consi/s 9 ! activity ( ma9ta9+ idolatry 9 ! direct s5se ( ! ^w1--wor%ipp+ holy relics & images1 br++ sacrifices to !m1 & expect+ f !m ! fulfilm5t ( _! wi%es4 ,i %all n speak ( :at is spok5 & writt5 by ! cl]gy ) a %ade ( le>n+ & lib]alism 9 ! cl]ical p]iodicals1 b ( :at actually is done by ! cl]gy ov] ! bread? ( ! ,russian l& among a population ( "o hundr$ million p4 ,:at d !y c>efully1 p]si/5tly1 t5sely1 ev]y:]e )\t exception1 tea* ! p8 ,:at is dem&$ ( !m on ! /r5g? ( ! s-call$ ,*ri/ian fai?8 ,illu/ration3 ,russian ,peasants at ,mass ,photogravure f ,draw+ by ,c>l ,buddeus ,i w beg9 ) ! beg9n+1 ) ! bir? ( a *ild3 at ! bir? ( a *ild1 ! cl]gy tea*es t a pray] has to be read ov] ! "m & ! *ild1 9 ord] to purify !m1 s9ce )\t ?is pray] ! "m :o has giv5 bir? to a *ild is accurs$4 ,= ?is purpose ! prie/ takes ! *ild 9 8 h&s 9 front ( ! repres5tations ( ! sa9ts1 :i* ! masses simply call gods1 & pron\nces exorcis+ words1 & ?us purifies ! "m4 ,!n x is impress$ on ! p>5ts1 & ev5 dem&$ ( !m "u ?reat ( puni%m5t 9 case ( non-fulfilm5t1 t ! *ild %all be baptiz$1 t is1 dipp$ ?ree times 9 wat] by ! prie/1 9 connection ) :i* incompreh5sible words are pron\nc$ & ev5 less compreh5sible acts p]=m$1--! sme>+ ( v>i\s p>ts ( ! body ) oil1 ! %e>+ ( ! hair1 & ! bl[+ & spitt+ ( ! sponsors on ! imag9>y devil4 ,all ?is is suppos$ to cleanse ! *ild & make him a ,*ri/ian4 ,!n ! p>5ts are impress$ ) ! necessity ( giv+ ! holy sacram5t to ! *ild1 t is1 ( giv+ him "u ! =m ( bread & w9e a p>ticle ( ,*ri/'s body to eat1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! *ild w receive ! grace ( ,*ri/1 & s =?4 ,!n x is dem&$ t ?is *ild1 accord+ to 8 age1 %all le>n to pray4 ,to pray means to /& /raight 9 front ( ! bo>ds on :i* ! faces ( ,*ri/1 ! ,virg91 ! sa9ts1 are repres5t$1 & incl9e 8 head & 8 :ole body1 & ) 8 "r h&1 ) f+]s put toge!r 9 a c]ta9 =m1 to t\* 8 br[1 %\ld]s1 & /oma*1 & pron\nce ,*ur*-,slavic words1 ( :i* all ! *ildr5 are p>ticul>ly enjo9$ to repeat1 ,"m ( ,god1 ,virg91 rejoice6 etc4 ,!n ! pupil is impress$ ) ! necessity ( do+ ! same1 t is1 cross+ himself1 9 pres5ce ( any *ur* or image2 !n he is told t on holidays 7holidays are days on :i* ,*ri/ 0 born1 ?\gh no "o kn[s :5 t 01 & circumcis$1 on :i* ! ,"m ( ,god di$1 ! cross 0 br\ght1 ! image 0 c>ri$ 91 a sa9tly fool saw a vision1 etc417 he mu/ put on 8 be/ clo!s & g to *ur*1 buy tap]s !re & place !m 9 front ( images ( sa9ts1 h& 9 little notes & commemorations & loaves1 t triangles may be cut 9 !m1 & !n pray _m times = ! heal? & welf>e ( ! ,ts> & ! bi%ops1 & = himself & 8 acts1 & !n kiss ! cross & ! prie/'s h&4 ,besides ?is pray] he is enjo9$ to prep>e himself at lea/ once a ye> = ! holy sacram5t4 ,to prep>e himself = ! holy sacram5t means to g to *ur* & tell ! prie/ 8 s9s1 on ! supposition t 8 imp>t+ 8 s9s to a /rang] w completely cleanse him ( 8 s9s1 & !n to eat f a spoon a bit ( bread ) w9e1 :i* purifies him ev5 m4 ,!n x is impress$ ^u a man & a woman1 :o want _! c>nal int]c\rse to be sacr$1 t !y mu/ come to *ur*1 put on metallic cr[ns1 dr9k potions1 to ! s\nd ( s++ walk ?ree times ar\nd a table1 & t !n _! c>nal int]c\rse w become sacr$ & q di/9ct f any o!r c>nal int]c\rse4 ,9 life p are impress$ ) ! necessity ( obs]v+ ! foll[+ rules3 n to eat meat or milk food on c]ta9 days1 on o!r c]ta9 days to celebrate masses = ! dead1 on holidays to receive ! prie/ & give him money1 & sev]al times a ye> to take ! bo>ds ) ! repres5tations out ( ! *ur* & c>ry !m on sa%es ov] fields & ?r\gh h\ses4 ,be=e dea? a man is enjo9$ to eat f a spoon bread ) w9e1 & /ill bett]1 if he has "t1 to h himself sme>$ ) oil4 ,?is secures = him happ9ess 9 ! next _w4 ,aft] a man's dea?1 8 relatives are enjo9$1 = ! purpose ( sav+ ! s\l ( ! defunct1 to put into 8 h&s a pr9t$ %eet ) a pray]2 x is also useful to h a c]ta9 book read ov] ! dead body & ! "n ( ! dead man pron\nc$ sev]al times 9 *ur*4 ,all ?is is consid]$ an obligatory fai? = ev]ybody4 ,b if "o wants to c>e = 8 s\l1 he is taught1 accord+ to ?is fai?1 t ! greate/ am\nt ( bless$ness is secur$ = ! s\l 9 ! _w to come by contribut+ money = *ur*es & mona/]ies1 by putt+ holy m5 ?us "u obligation to pray = him4 ,o!r s\l-sav+ measures1 accord+ to ?is fai?1 are ! visit+ ( mona/]ies & ! kiss+ ( miracle-work+ images & relics4 ,accord+ to ?is fai?1 miracle-work+ images & relics conc5trate 9 !mselves p>ticul> hol9ess1 /r5g?1 & grace1 & ne>ness to ^! objects--t\*+1 kiss+ !m1 plac+ tap]s be=e !m1 crawl+ up to !m--contributes v mu* to a man's salvation1 & s d masses1 :i* are ord]$ be=e ^! sacr$ objects4 ,x is ?is fai?1 & no o!r1 :i* is call$ ,or?odox1 t is1 ! "r fai?1 & :i* has1 "u ! guise ( ,*ri/ianity1 be5 impress$ ^u ! p = _m c5turies by ! ex]cise ( all k9ds ( =ce1 & is n[ be+ impress$ ) p>ticul> ef=t4 ,& let x n be said t ! ,or?odox tea*]s place ! ess5ce ( ! tea*+ 9 some?+ else1 & t ^! are only anci5t =ms :i* x is n consid]$ "r to de/roy4 ,t is n true3 ?r\gh\t all ( ,russia1 no?+ b ?is fai? has ( late be5 impress$ ^u ! p ) p>ticul> ef=t4 ,!re is no?+ else4 ,( some?+ else !y talk & write 9 ! capitals1 b only ?is is be+ impress$ on "o hundr$ million ( p1 & no?+ else4 ,! *ur*m5 talk ( o!r ?+s1 b !y enjo9 only ?is ) e means at _! comm&4 ,all ?is1 & ! wor%ip ( p]sons & images1 is introduc$ into !ologies1 into cate*isms2 ! masses are c>efully taught ?is !oretically1 &1 be+ hypnotiz$ practically1 ) e means ( solemnity1 spl5d\r1 au?ority1 & viol5ce1 are made to believe 9 ?is1 & are jeal\sly gu>d$ aga9/ e endeav\r to be fre$ f ^! savage sup]/itions4 ,9 my v pres5ce1 z ,i said 9 ref]5ce to my book1 ,*ri/'s tea*+ & 8 own words conc]n+ non-resi/ance to evil 7 a subject ( ridicule & circus jokes1 & ! *ur*m5 n only did n oppose ?is1 b ev5 enc\rag$ ! blasphemy2 b all[ y\rself to say a disrespectful ^w conc]n+ ! mon/r\s idol1 :i* is blasphem\sly c>ri$ ab\t 9 ,mosc[ by drunk5 p]sons "u ! "n ( ! ,ib]ian ,virg91 & a groan ( indignation w be rais$ by ^! same *ur*m54 ,all t is prea*$ is ! ext]nal cult ( idolatry4 ,let no "o say t "o ?+ does n int]f]e ) ! o!r1 t ^! ought ye to h done1 & n to h left ! o!r undone1 t all1 !re=e1 :atsoev] !y bid y obs]ve1 t obs]ve & d2 b d n ye aft] _! works3 = !y say1 & d n 7,matt4 xxiii4 #bc1 #c74 ,?is is said ( ! ,ph>isees1 :o fulfill$ all ! ext]nal injunctions ( ! law1 & s ! words1 :atsoev] !y bid y obs]ve1 t obs]ve1 ref] to works ( *>ity & ( goodness1 & ! words1 b d ye n aft] _! works1 = !y say1 & d n1 ref] to ! execution ( c]emonies & to ! omission ( good works1 & h precisely ! opposite mean+ to :at ! *ur*m5 want to ascribe to ?is passage1 :5 !y int]pret x z mean+ t c]emonies are to be obs]v$4 ,an ext]nal cult & s]v+ *>ity & tru? are h>d to h>monize2 = ! mo/ "p "o ?+ excludes ! o!r4 ,?us x 0 ) ! ,ph>isees1 & ?us x is n[ ) ! *ur* ,*ri/ians4 ,if a man c save himself ?r\gh r$emption1 sacram5ts1 pray]1 he no long] ne$s any good de$s4 ,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 or ! symbol ( fai?3 x is impossible to believe 9 bo?4 ,& ! *ur*m5 h *os5 ! latt]3 ! symbol ( fai? is taught & read z a pray] 9 ! *ur*es2 & ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is exclud$ ev5 f ! ,gospel tea*+s 9 ! *ur*es1 s t 9 ! *ur*es ! p>i%ion]s nev] he> x1 except on ! days :5 ! :ole ,gospel is read4 ,nor c x be o!rwise3 m5 :o believe 9 a bad & s5seless ,god1 :o has curs$ ! human race & :o has doom$ ,8 son to be a victim1 & has doom$ a "p ( humanity to ev]la/+ torm5t1 _c believe 9 a ,god ( love4 ,a man :o believes 9 ,god-,*ri/1 :o w come aga9 9 glory to judge & puni% ! liv+ & ! dead1 _c believe 9 ,*ri/1 :o comm&s a man to (f] 8 *eek to ! (f5d]1 n to judge1 b to =give1 & to love our enemies4 ,a man :o believes 9 ! div9e inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! hol9ess ( ,david1 :o on 8 dea?-b$ ord]s ! kill+ ( an old man :o has (f5d$ him & :om he c\ld n kill himself1 because he 0 b\nd by an oa? 7,book ( ,k+s1 ii4 #c71 & simil> abom9ations1 ( :i* ! ,old ,te/am5t is full1 _c believe 9 ,*ri/'s moral law2 a man :o believes 9 ! doctr9e & ! prea*+ ( ! *ur* ab\t ! compatibility ( executions & w>s ) ,*ri/ianity1 _c believe 9 ! bro!rhood ( m54 ,above all else1 a man :o believes 9 ! salvation ( m5 ?r\gh fai?1 9 r$emption1 or 9 ! sacram5ts1 c no long] employ all 8 /r5g? 9 ! fulfilm5t 9 life ( ! moral tea*+ ( ,*ri/4 ,a man :o is taught by ! *ur* ! blasphem\s doctr9e ab\t 8 n be+ able to be sav$ by 8 own ef=ts1 b t !re is ano!r means1 w inevitably h rec\rse to ?is means1 & n to 8 ef=ts1 on :i* he is assur$ x is a s9 to dep5d4 ,! *ur* doctr9e1 any *ur* doctr9e1 ) its r$emption & its sacram5ts1 excludes ,*ri/'s tea*+1 & ! ,or?odox doctr9e1 ) its idolatry1 does s especially4 ,b ! masses h always believ$ s !mselves1 & believe s n[1 p w say to ?is4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,russian masses proves ?is4 ,x is n "r to deprive ! masses ( _! tradition4 ,9 ?is does ! deception consi/4 ,! masses at "o "t1 inde$1 pr(ess$ some?+ l :at ! *ur* pr(esses n[1 ?\gh x 0 f> f be+ ! same 7among ! masses1 !re has exi/$1 n only ?is sup]/ition ( ! images1 h\se spirits1 relics1 & ! sev5? ,?ursday aft] ,ea/]1 ) its wrea?s & bir*es1 b also a deep moral1 vital compreh5sion ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* has nev] exi/$ 9 ! :ole *ur*1 & 0 met ) only 9 its be/ repres5tatives72 b ! masses1 9 spite ( all ! ob/acles1 :i* ! gov]nm5t & ! *ur* h oppos$ to !m1 h long ago 9 _! be/ repres5tatives outliv$ ?is co>se /age ( compreh5sion1 :i* is prov$ by ! spontane\s bir? ( rationali/ic sects1 ) :i* "o meets ev]y:]e1 ) :i* ,russia sw>ms at ! pres5t "t1 & ) :i* ! *ur*m5 /ruggle 9 va94 ,! masses move on 9 ! consci\sness ( ! moral1 vital side ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,& x is "h t ! *ur* appe>s ) its failure to support1 & ) its int5sifi$ inculcation ( an obsolete paganism 9 its ossifi$ =m1 ) its t5d5cy to pu% ! masses back into t d>kness1 f :i* !y are /ruggl+ ) s mu* ef=t to get out4 ,we d n tea* ! masses any?+ new1 b only :at !y believe 91 & t 9 a m p]fect =m1 say ! *ur*m54 ,?is is ! same z ty+ up a gr[+ *ick & pu%+ x back into ! %ell f :i* x has come4 ,i h (t5 be5 /ruck by ?is obs]vation1 :i* w\ld be comical1 if its consequ5ces 7 n s t]rible1 t m51 tak+ hold ( ea* o!r 9 a circle1 deceive "o ano!r1 )\t be+ able to get out ( ! en*ant$ circle4 ,! fir/ "q1 ! fir/ d\bt ( a ,russian :o is beg9n+ to ?9k1 is ! "q ab\t ! miracle-work+ images &1 above all1 ! relics3 ,is x true t !y are imp]i%able1 & t !y "w miracles8 ,hundr$s & ?\s&s ( m5 put ^! que/ions to !mselves & are tr\bl$ ab\t _! solution1 especially because ! bi%ops1 metropolitans1 & all ! dignit>ies kiss ! relics & ! miracle-work+ images4 ,ask ! bi%ops & ! dignit>ies :y !y d s1 & !y w tell y t !y d s = ! sake ( ! masses1 & ! masses wor%ip ! images & relics1 because ! bi%ops & dignit>ies d s4 ,! activity ( ! ,russian ,*ur*1 9 spite ( its ext]nal v5e] ( mod]nness1 le>n+1 spirituality1 :i* its memb]s are beg9n+ to assume 9 _! writ+s1 articles1 cl]ical p]iodicals1 & s]mons1 consi/s n only 9 keep+ ! masses 9 t consci\sness ( rude & savage idolatry1 9 :i* !y are1 b also 9 int5sify+ & dissem9at+ sup]/ition & religi\s ignorance1 by pu%+ out ( ! masses ! vital compreh5sion ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* has be5 liv+ 9 !m by ! side ( ! idolatry4 ,i rememb]1 ,i 0 once pres5t 9 ! mona/]y book/ore ( pt9 ,cloi/]1 :5 an old peasant 0 *oos+ "s religi\s books = 8 gr&son1 :o c\ld read4 ,! monk kept pu%+ ! description ( relics1 holidays1 miracul\s images1 psalt]s1 etc41 into 8 h&s4 ,i ask$ ! old man if he _h ! ,gospel4 ,no4 ,give him ! ,russian ,gospel1 ,i said to ! monk4 ,t is n prop] = him1 said ! monk4 ,?is is 9 compress$ =m ! activity ( our *ur*4 ,b ?is is only true 9 b>b>\s ,russia1 a ,european or ,am]ican read] w say4 ,& su* an op9ion w be correct1 b only 9 ! measure 9 :i* x ref]s to ! gov]nm5t :i* aids ! *ur* 9 accompli%+ its /ultify+ & corrupt+ influ5ce 9 ,russia4 ,x is true t n[h]e 9 ,europe is !re su* a despotic gov]nm5t & "o to su* a degree 9 accord ) ! rul+ *ur*1 & s ! p>ticipation ( ! p[] 9 ! corruption ( ! masses 9 ,russia is v /rong2 b x is n true t ! ,russian ,*ur* 9 its influ5ce ^u ! masses 9 any way diff]s f any o!r *ur*4 ,! *ur*es are ev]y?+ ! same1 & if ! ,ca?olic1 ! ,anglican1 & ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*es h n 9 h& su* an ob$i5t gov]nm5t z is ! ,russian1 ?is is n due to ! abs5ce ( any desire to make use ( ! same4 ,! *ur*1 z a *ur*1 no matt] :at x may be1 ,ca?olic1 ,anglican1 ,lu!ran1 ,presbyt]ian1--e *ur*1 insomu* z x is a *ur*1 _c help b t5d t[>d ! same z ! ,russian ,*ur*1--t[>d conceal+ ! true mean+ ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ & sub/itut+ 9 its place its own doctr9e1 :i* does n put a p]son "u any obligations1 excludes ! possibility ( und]/&+ ! true activity ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 &1 above all else1 ju/ifies ! exi/5ce ( prie/s :o are liv+ at ! exp5se ( ! nation4 ,has ,ca?olicism be5 do+ any?+ else ) its prohibition ( ! read+ ( ! ,gospel1 & ) its dem& = unreason+ ob$i5ce to ! ecclesia/ic guides & ! infallible ,pope8 ,does ,ca?olicism prea* any?+ diff]5t f :at ! ,russian ,*ur* prea*es8 ,we h "h ! same ext]nal cult1 ! same relics1 miracles1 & /atues1 ! miracle-work+ ,notre-,dames1 & processions4 ,! same elat$ly mi/y judgm5ts conc]n+ ,*ri/ianity 9 books & s]mons1 &1 :5 x comes to facts1 ! same ma9t5ance ( a co>se idolatry4 ,& is n ! same be+ done 9 ,anglicanism1 ,lu!ranism1 & 9 e ,prote/antism :i* has =m$ itself into a *ur*8 ,! same dem&s f ! congregation = a belief 9 dogmas :i* 7 express$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury & h lo/ all mean+ = ! m5 ( our "t1 & ! same dem& = idolatry1 if n be=e relics & images1 at lea/ be=e ! ,sabba? & ! lett] ( ! ,bible4 ,x is /ill ! same activity1 :i* is direct$ ^u conceal+ ! real dem&s ( ,*ri/ianity & sub/itut+ = !m ext]nals1 :i* d n put a man "u any obligations1 & cant1 z ! ,engli% beautifully def9e ! occupation to :i* !y are p>ticul>ly subject4 ,among ! ,prote/ants ?is activity is p>ticul>ly noticeable1 s9ce !y d n ev5 h ! excuse ( antiquity4 ,& does n ! same take place 9 ! mod]n ,revivalism1--! r5ovat$ ,calv9ism1 ,evangelism1--out ( :i* has gr[n up ! ,salvation ,army8 ,j z ! condition ( all ! *ur* doctr9es is ! same 9 ref]5ce to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 s are also _! me?ods4 ,_! condition is su* t !y _c help b /ra9 all _! ef=ts1 9 ord] to conceal ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 ^: "n !y use4 ,! incompatibility ( all ! *ur* confessions ) ,*ri/'s tea*+ is su* t x takes especial ef=ts to conceal ?is incompatibility f m54 ,inde$1 we ne$ b /op & ?9k ( ! condition ( any adult1 n only cultur$1 b ev5 simple1 man ( our "t1 :o has fill$ himself ) conceptions1 :i* are 9 ! air1 f ! fields ( geology1 physics1 *emi/ry1 cosmography1 hi/ory1 :5 he = ! fir/ "t looks consci\sly at ! beliefs1 in/ill$ 9 him 9 *ildhood & support$ by ! *ur*es1 t ,god creat$ ! _w 9 six days2 t !re 0 light be=e ! sun2 t ,noah /uck all ! animals into 8 ark1 & s =?2 t ,jesus is ! same ,god1 ! son1 :o creat$ ev]y?+ be=e ?is2 t ?is ,god desc5d$ ^u e>? = ,adam's s92 t ,he rose f ! dead1 asc5d$ to heav51 & sits on ! "r ( ! ,fa!r1 & w come 9 ! cl\ds to judge ! _w1 & s =?4 ,all ^! propositions1 :i* 7 work$ out by ! m5 ( ! f\r? c5tury & _h a c]ta9 mean+ = ! m5 ( t "t1 h no mean+ = ! m5 ( ! pres5t4 ,! m5 ( our "t may repeat ^! words ) _! lips1 b !y _c believe1 because ^! words1 l ! /atem5ts t ,god lives 9 heav51 t ! heav5s op5$ & a voice said some?+ f !re1 t ,*ri/ rose f ! dead & flew some:]e to heav5 & w aga9 come f some:]e 9 ! cl\ds1 & s =?1 h no mean+ = u4 ,x 0 possible = a man1 :o reg>d$ ! heav5 z a f9ite1 firm vault1 to believe1 or n1 t ,god creat$ ! heav51 t heav5 0 op5$1 t ,*ri/ flew to heav52 b = u ^! words h no mean+ :atsoev]4 ,m5 ( our "t c only believe t !y mu/ believe s2 b !y _c believe 9 :at has no mean+ = !m4 ,b if all ^! expressions are to h a figurative mean+ & are emblems1 we "k t1 9 ! fir/ place1 n all *ur*m5 agree 9 ?is1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 ! majority insi/ on und]/&+ ,holy ,scripture 9 a direct s5se1 &1 secondly1 t ^! int]pretations are v>i$ & n confirm$ by any?+4 ,b ev5 if a man wi%es to make himself believe 9 ! doctr9e ( ! *ur*es1 z x is imp>t$1--! g5]al diffusion ( k & ( ! ,gospels1 & ! int]c\rse ( m5 ( v>i\s d5om9ations among !mselves1 =m = ?is ano!r1 ev5 m insup]able ob/acle4 ,a man ( our "t ne$ b buy himself a ,gospel = ?ree kopeks & read ,*ri/'s cle> words to ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 :i* are n subject to any o!r int]pretation1 ab\t ! ,fa!r ne$+ no wor%ipp]s 9 ,j]usalem1 nei!r 9 ?is m\nta91 nor 9 t1 wor%ipp]s 9 _s & 9 tru?1 or ! words ab\t a ,*ri/ian's be+ oblig$ to pray1 n 9 temples1 z ! pagans d1 & 9 ! sight ( all1 b 9 secret1 t is1 9 8 closet1 or t a disciple ( ,*ri/ mu/ n call any "o fa!r or tea*]1--a man ne$s b read ^! words1 to become conv9c$ t no ecclesia/ic pa/ors1 :o call !mselves tea*]s 9 opposition to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 & :o qu>rel among !mselves1 =m an au?ority1 & t t :i* ! *ur*m5 tea* u is n ,*ri/ianity4 ,b m ?an t3 if a man ( our "t cont9ues to believe 9 miracles & does n read ! ,gospel1 8 m]e int]c\rse ) m5 ( o!r d5om9ations & fai?s1 :i* has become s easy 9 our "t1 w make him d\bt 9 ! au!nticity ( 8 fai?4 ,x 0 all v well = a man :o nev] saw any m5 ( ano!r fai? ?an 8 own to believe t 8 own fai? 0 ! correct "o2 b a ?9k+ man ne$ only come 9 contact1 z he n[ does all ! "t1 ) equally good & equally bad m5 ( v>i\s d5om9ations1 :i* condemn ! doctr9es ( "o ano!r1 9 ord] to lose fai? 9 ! tru? ( ! religion :i* he pr(esses4 ,9 our "t only a v ignorant man or "o :o is q indiff]5t to ! que/ions ( life1 :i* are sanctifi$ by religion1 c /ay 9 ! *ur* fai?4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ur* ( ,vasili ! ,bless$1 ,mosc[ ,photogravure f ,draw+ by ,e4 ,?rond ,:at cunn+ & :at ef=t mu/ be ex]t$ by ! *ur*es1 if1 9 spite ( all ^! conditions :i* are subv]sive ( fai?1 !y are to cont9ue build+ *ur*es1 celebrat+ masses1 prea*+1 tea*+1 conv]t+1 &1 above all1 receiv+ = x a fat income1 l all ^! prie/s1 pa/ors1 int5dants1 sup]9t5d5ts1 abbots1 ar*deacons1 bi%ops1 & ar*bi%ops4 ,especial1 sup]natural ef=ts are ne$$4 ,& su* ef=ts1 :i* are /ra9$ m & m1 are us$ by ! *ur*es4 ,) u1 9 ,russia1 !y use 79 addition to all o!r means7 ! simple1 co>se viol5ce ( ! civil p[]1 :i* is ob$i5t to ! *ur*4 ,p]sons :o dep>t f ! ext]nal expression ( fai? & :o give expression to x are ei!r directly puni%$ or depriv$ ( _! rights2 :ile p]sons :o /rictly adh]e to ! ext]nal =ms ( fai? are rew>d$ & giv5 rights4 ,?us d ! ,or?odox2 b ev5 all o!r *ur*es1 )\t exception1 use = ?is all su* means1 ( :i* ! *ief is :at n[ is call$ hypnotization4 ,all ! arts1 f ar*itecture to poetry1 are put into action1 to affect ! s\ls ( m5 & to /ultify !m1 & ?is action takes place )\t int]ruption4 ,p>ticul>ly evid5t is ?is necessity ( ! hypnotiz+ action ^u m51 9 ord] to br+ !m to a /ate ( /upefaction1 9 ! activity ( ! ,salvation ,army1 :i* uses new1 unfamili> me?ods ( horns1 drums1 songs1 bann]s1 uni=ms1 processions1 dances1 te>s1 & dramatic attitudes4 ,b we are />tl$ by !m only because !y are new me?ods4 ,are n ! old me?ods ( ! temples1 ) especial illum9ation1 ) gold1 spl5d\r1 c&les1 *oirs1 organs1 bells1 ve/m5ts1 lackadaisical s]mons1 & s =?1 ! same8 ,b1 no matt] h[ /rong ?is action ( hypnotization may be1 ! *ief & mo/ delet]i\s activity ( ! *ur*es does n lie 9 ?is4 ,! *ief1 mo/ p]nici\s activity ( ! *ur* is ! "o :i* is direct$ to ! deception ( ! *ildr51 ^? v *ildr5 ( :om ,*ri/ said t x w be woe to him :o %all (f5d "o ( ^! little ones4 ,) ! v fir/ awak5+ ( ! *ild1 !y beg9 to deceive him & to impress ^u him ) solemnity :at ^? :o impress d n believe 9 !mselves1 & !y cont9ue to impress him1 until ! deception1 becom+ a habit1 is engraft$ on ! *ild's nature4 ,! *ild is me?odically deceiv$ 9 ! mo/ important matt] ( life1 & :5 ! deception has s gr[n up ) 8 life t x is difficult to te> x away1 !re is reveal$ to him ! :ole _w ( sci5ce & ( reality1 :i* c 9 no way h>monize ) ! beliefs in/ill$ 9 him1 & he is left to make ! be/ he c out ( ^! contradictions4 ,if we %\ld set ourselves ! task ( entangl+ a man 9 su* a way t he %\ld n be able ) 8 s\nd reason to get away f ! two opposite _w-conceptions1 :i* h be5 in/ill$ 9 him s9ce 8 *ildhood1 we c\ld n inv5t any?+ m p[]ful ?an :at is accompli%$ 9 ! case ( e "y man :o is educat$ 9 our s-call$ ,*ri/ian society4 ,:at ! *ur*es d to p is t]rible1 b if we reflect on _! condition1 we %all f9d t ^? m5 :o =m ! in/itution ( ! *ur*es _c act o!rwise4 ,! *ur*es are confront$ ) a dilemma1--! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 or ! ,nic5e ,cre$1--"o excludes ! o!r3 if a man s9c]ely believes 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & ) x ! *ur* & its repres5tatives1 inevitably lose all mean+ & significance = him2 b if a man believes 9 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 t is1 9 ! *ur*1 t is1 9 ^? :o call !mselves its repres5tatives1 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt w become sup]flu\s to him4 ,& s ! *ur*es _c help b use e possible ef=t to obscure ! mean+ ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & to attract p t[>d itself4 ,only ?anks to ! t5se activity ( ! *ur*es 9 ?is direction has ! influ5ce ( ! *ur*es held itself until n[4 ,let a *ur* = ! %orte/ "t arre/ ?is action ^u ! masses by means ( hypnotiz+ !m & deceiv+ ! *ildr51 & p w und]/& ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,b ! compreh5sion ( ! tea*+ de/roys ! *ur*es & _! significance4 ,& s ! *ur*es d n = a mom5t int]rupt ! t5se activity & hypnotization ( ! adults & ! deception ( ! *ildr54 ,& x is ?is activity ( ! *ur*es1 :i* in/ils a false compreh5sion ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 m51 & s]ves z an ob/acle 9 its compreh5sion = ! majority ( s-call$ believ]s4 ,,iv4 ,n[ ,i w speak ( ano!r putative compreh5sion ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* int]f]es ) ! correct compreh5sion ( x1--! sci5tific compreh5sion4 ,! *ur*m5 reg>d z ,*ri/ianity t conception ( x :i* !y h =m$1 & ?is compreh5sion ( ,*ri/ianity !y reg>d z ! "o indubitably true "o4 ,! m5 ( sci5ce reg>d z ,*ri/ianity only :at ! diff]5t *ur*es h be5 pr(ess+1 &1 assum+ t ^! pr(essions exhau/ ! :ole significance ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y recognize x z a religi\s tea*+ :i* has outliv$ its "t4 ,to h x made cle> h[ impossible x is ) su* a view to und]/& ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 we mu/ =m an idea ( ! place :i* ! religions 9 g5]al & ,*ri/ianity 9 p>ticul> h 9 reality occupi$ 9 ! life ( humanity1 & ( ! significance :i* is ascrib$ to religion by sci5ce4 ,z an individual man _c live )\t hav+ a def9ite idea ( ! mean+ ( 8 life1 & always1 ?\gh (t5 unconsci\sly1 con=ms 8 acts to ?is mean+ :i* he ascribes to 8 life1 ev5 s aggregates ( m5 liv+ "u ! same conditions1--nations _c help b h a conception ab\t ! mean+ ( _! collective life & ! activity result+ !refrom4 ,& z an individual1 ent]+ into a new age1 inv>iably *anges 8 compreh5sion ( life1 & a gr[n man sees its mean+ 9 some?+ else ?an 9 :at a *ild sees x1 s an aggregate ( p1 a nation1 inevitably1 accord+ to its age1 *anges its compreh5sion ( life & ! activity :i* results f x4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! individual & ! :ole ( humanity 9 ?is respect consi/s 9 ?is1 t :ile ! individual 9 ! det]m9ation ( ! compreh5sion ( life1 prop] to ! new /age ( life into :i* he ent]s1 & 9 ! activity :i* arises f x1 makes use ( ! indications ( m5 :o h liv$ be=e him & :o h already pass$ ?r\gh ! p]iod ( life ^u :i* he is ent]+1 humanity _c h ^! indications1 because x all moves along an untrodd5 pa?1 & !re is no "o :o c tell h[ life is to be und]/ood1 & h[ "o is to act "u ! new conditions into :i* x is ent]+1 & 9 :i* no "o has liv$ be=e4 ,& yet1 z a m>ri$ man ) *ildr5 _c cont9ue to und]/& life z he und]/ood x :5 he 0 a *ild1 s humanity _c 9 connection ) all ! v>i\s *anges :i* h tak5 place1--! d5sity ( ! population1 & ! e/abli%$ int]c\rse betwe5 ! nations1 & ! improvem5t ( ! means = /ruggl+ aga9/ ,nature1 & ! accumulation ( sci5ce1--cont9ue to und]/& life z be=e1 b mu/ e/abli% a new concept ( life1 f :i* %\ld result ! activity :i* corresponds to t new condition into :i* x has ent]$ or is ab\t to ent]4 ,to ?is dem& responds ! peculi> ability ( humanity to segregate c]ta9 p :o give a new mean+ to ! :ole ( human life1--a mean+ f :i* results ! :ole new activity :i* is diff]5t f ! prec$+ "o4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! new life-conception1 :i* is prop] = humanity "u ! new conditions into :i* x is ent]+1 & ( ! activity result+ f x1 is :at is call$ religion4 ,& s religion1 9 ! fir/ place1 is n1 z sci5ce ?9ks1 a ph5om5on :i* at "o "t accompani$ ! evolution ( humanity1 & lat] became obsolete1 b is a ph5om5on always inh]5t 9 ! life ( humanity1 & is 9 our "t z inevitably inh]5t 9 humanity z at any o!r "t4 ,9 ! second place1 religion is always a det]m9ation ( ! activity ( ! future1 & n ( ! pa/1 & s x is obvi\s t ! inve/igation ( pa/ ph5om5a c 9 no way include ! ess5ce ( religion4 ,! ess5ce ( e religi\s tea*+ does n consi/ 9 ! desire to express ! =ces ( ,nature symbolically1 or 9 ! fe> ( !m1 or 9 ! dem& = ! miracul\s1 or 9 ! ext]nal =ms ( its manife/ation1 z ! m5 ( sci5ce imag9e4 ,! ess5ce ( religion lies 9 ! prop]ty ( m5 prophetically to =esee & po9t out ! pa? ( life1 ov] :i* humanity mu/ travel1 9 a new def9ition ( ! mean+ ( life1 f :i* also results a new1 ! :ole future activity ( humanity4 ,?is prop]ty ( =esee+ ! pa? on :i* humanity mu/ travel is 9 a great] or less] degree common to all m51 b !re h always1 at all times1 be5 m51 9 :om ?is quality has be5 manife/$ ) p>ticul> =ce1 & ^! m5 express$ cle>ly & precisely :at 0 dimly felt by all m51 & e/abli%$ a new compreh5sion ( life1 f :i* result$ an entirely new activity1 = hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,we "k ?ree su* conceptions ( life3 two ( !m humanity has already outliv$1 & ! ?ird is ! "o ?r\gh :i* we are n[ pass+ 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re are ?ree1 & only ?ree1 su* conceptions1 n because we h arbitr>ily unit$ all k9ds ( life-conceptions into ^! ?ree1 b because ! acts ( m5 always h = _! base "o ( ^! ?ree life-conceptions1 because we _c und]/& life 9 any o!r way ?an by "o ( ^! ?ree means4 ,! ?ree life-conceptions are ^!3 ! fir/--! p]sonal1 or animal2 ! second--! social1 or ! pagan2 & ! ?ird--! univ]sal1 or ! div9e4 ,accord+ to ! fir/ life-conception1 man's life is conta9$ 9 no?+ b 8 p]sonality2 ! aim ( 8 life is ! gratification ( ! w ( ?is p]sonality4 ,accord+ to ! second life-conception1 man's life is n conta9$ 9 8 p]sonality alone1 b 9 ! aggregate & sequ5ce ( p]sonalities1--9 ! tribe1 ! family1 ! race1 ! /ate2 ! aim ( life consi/s 9 ! gratification ( ! w ( ?is aggregate ( p]sonalities4 ,accord+ to ! ?ird life-conception1 man's life is conta9$ nei!r 9 8 p]sonality1 nor 9 ! aggregate & sequ5ce ( p]sonalities1 b 9 ! beg9n+ & s\rce ( life1 9 ,god4 ,^! ?ree life-conceptions s]ve z ! f\ndation ( all pa/ & pres5t religions4 ,! savage recognizes life only 9 himself1 9 8 p]sonal desires4 ,! good ( 8 life is c5tr$ 9 himself alone4 ,! highe/ good = him is ! greate/ gratification ( 8 lu/4 ,! prime mov] ( 8 life is 8 p]sonal enjoym5t4 ,8 religion consi/s 9 appeas+ ! div9ity 9 8 fav\r1 & 9 ! wor%ip ( imag9>y p]sonalities ( gods1 :o live only = p]sonal ends4 ,a pagan1 a social man1 no long] recognizes life 9 himself alone1 b 9 ! aggregate ( p]sonalities1--9 ! tribe1 ! family1 ! race1 ! /ate1--& sacrifices 8 p]sonal good = ^! aggregates4 ,! prime mov] ( 8 life is glory4 ,8 religion consi/s 9 ! glorification ( ! heads ( unions1--( eponyms1 ance/ors1 k+s1 & 9 ! wor%ip ( gods1 ! exclusive protectors ( 8 family1 8 race1 8 nation1 8 /ate4#i #i ,! unity ( ?is life-conception is n impair$ by ! fact t s _m v>i\s =ms ( life1 z t ( ! tribe1 ! family1 ! race1 ! /ate1 & ev5 ! life ( humanity1 accord+ to ! !oretical speculations ( ! positivi/s1 are bas$ on ?is social1 or pagan1 life-conception4 ,all ^! v>i\s =ms ( life are bas$ on ! same concept t ! life ( ! p]sonality is n a suffici5t aim ( life & t ! mean+ ( life c be f\nd only 9 ! aggregate ( p]sonalities4--,au?or's ,note4 ,! man ) ! div9e life-conception no long] recognizes life to consi/ 9 8 p]sonality1 or 9 ! aggregate ( p]sonalities 79 ! family1 ! race1 ! p1 ! c\ntry1 or ! /ate71 b 9 ! s\rce ( ! ev]la/+1 immortal life1 9 ,god2 & to d ,god's w he sacrifices 8 p]sonal & dome/ic & social good4 ,! prime mov] ( 8 religion is love4 ,& 8 religion is ! wor%ip 9 de$ & 9 tru? ( ! beg9n+ ( ev]y?+1 ( ,god4 ,! :ole hi/orical life ( humanity is no?+ b a gradual transition f ! p]sonal1 ! animal life-conception1 to ! social1 & f ! social to ! div9e4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ! anci5t nations1 :i* la/$ = ?\s&s ( ye>s & :i* came to a conclusion ) ! hi/ory ( ,rome1 is ! hi/ory ( ! sub/itution ( ! social & ! political life-conception = ! animal1 ! p]sonal4 ,! :ole hi/ory s9ce ! "t ( imp]ial ,rome & ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/ianity has be5 ! hi/ory ( ! sub/itution ( ! div9e life-conception = ! political1 & we are pass+ ?r\gh x ev5 n[4 ,x is ?is la/ life-conception1 & ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ :i* is bas$ ^u x & :i* gov]ns our :ole life & lies at ! f\ndation ( our :ole activity1 bo? ! practical & ! !oretical1 t ! m5 ( s-call$ sci5ce1 consid]+ x 9 ref]5ce to its ext]nal signs only1 recognize z some?+ obsolete & mean+less = u4 ,?is tea*+1 :i*1 accord+ to ! m5 ( sci5ce1 is conta9$ only 9 its dogmatic "p1--9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! r$emption1 ! miracles1 ! *ur*1 ! sacram5ts1 & s =?1--is only "o out ( a va/ numb] ( religions :i* h aris5 9 humanity1 & n[1 hav+ play$ its "p 9 hi/ory1 is outliv+ its usefulness1 melt+ 9 ! light ( sci5ce & true culture4 ,:at is tak+ place is :at 9 ! majority ( cases s]ves z a s\rce ( ! co>se/ human errors1--m5 :o are /&+ on a l[] level ( compreh5sion1 com+ 9 contact ) ph5om5a ( a high] ord]1 in/ead ( mak+ ef=ts to und]/& !m1 in/ead ( ris+ to ! po9t ( view f :i* !y ought to look ^u a subject1 judge x f _! l[] po9t ( view1 & t1 too1 ) great] d>+ & det]m9ation ! less !y und]/& :at !y are talk+ ab\t4 ,= ! majority ( sci5tific m51 :o view ,*ri/'s vital1 moral tea*+ f ! l[] po9t ( ! social conception ( life1 ?is tea*+ is only a v indef9ite1 clumsy comb9ation ( ,h9doo asceticism1 ,/oical & ,neo-platonic tea*+s1 & ,utopian antisocial rev]ies1 :i* h no s]i\s significance = our "t1 & its :ole mean+ is c5tr$ 9 its ext]nal manife/ations1--9 ,ca?olicism1 ,prote/antism1 ! dogmas1 ! /ruggle ) ! worldly p[]4 ,9 def9+ ! significance ( ,*ri/ianity accord+ to ^! ph5om5a1 !y are l deaf p]sons :o %\ld judge ( ! mean+ & ! wor? ( music accord+ to ! appe>ance ( ! motions :i* ! musicians make4 ,! result ( x is ?is1 t all ^! m51 beg9n+ ) ,comte1 ,/rauss1 ,sp5c]1 & ,r5an1 :o d n und]/& ! mean+ ( ,*ri/'s s]mons1 :o d n und]/& :y !y are utt]$ & = :at purpose1 :o d n ev5 und]/& ! "q to :i* !y s]ve z an answ]1 :o d n ev5 take ! tr\ble to grasp _! mean+1 if !y are inimically incl9$1 d5y outright ! rationality ( ! tea*+2 b if !y wi% to be condesc5d+ to x1 !y correct x f ! height ( _! gr&eur1 assum+ t ,*ri/ want$ to say precisely :at !y h 9 m9d1 b did n "k h[ to say x4 ,!y treat 8 tea*+ z1 9 correct+ ! words ( an int]locutor1 self-confid5t m5 g5]ally speak to "o :om !y reg>d z /&+ bel[ !m1 ,yes1 :at y mean to say is ?is4 ,?is correction is always made 9 ! s5se ( r$uc+ ! high]1 div9e life-conception to ! l[]1 social conception4 ,p g5]ally say t ! moral tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity is good1 b exagg]at$1--t1 9 ord] t x %\ld be absolutely good1 we mu/ reject f x :at is sup]flu\s1 :at does n fit 9 ) our /ructure ( life4 ,= o!rwise ! tea*+1 :i* dem&s too mu*1 :i* _c be c>ri$ out1 is worse ?an "o :i* dem&s f m5 :at is possible & 9 con=mity ) _! /r5g?1 ?9k & ass]t ! wise int]pret]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 repeat+ :at 0 long ago affirm$ & /ill is affirm$1 & c\ld n help b be affirm$1 9 relation to ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 by ^? :o1 hav+ fail$ to compreh5d ! tea*] ( x1 crucifi$ ,him1--by ! ,jews4 ,x turns out t be=e ! judgm5t ( ! le>n$ ( our "t1 ! ,jewi% law1 ,a too? = a too?1 & an eye = an eye1--! law ( j retaliation1 :i* 0 kn[n to humanity five ?\s& ye>s ago1--is m useful ?an ! law ( love :i* eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago 0 prea*$ by ,*ri/ 9 place ( ?is v law ( ju/ice4 ,x turns out t ev]y?+ :i* has be5 done by ! m5 :o compreh5d$ ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 a direct mann] & liv$ 9 con=mity ) su* a compreh5sion1 ev]y?+ :i* all true ,*ri/ians1 all ,*ri/ian *ampions1 h done1 ev]y?+ :i* n[ trans=ms ! _w "u ! guise ( socialism & communism1--is exagg]ation1 ( :i* x is n wor? :ile to speak4 ,m5 :o h be5 educat$ 9 ,*ri/ianity = eighte5 c5turies h conv9c$ !mselves 9 ! p]sons ( _! =emo/ m51 ! s*ol>s1 t ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ is a tea*+ ( dogmas1 t ! vital tea*+ is a misconception1 an exagg]ation1 :i* violates ! true legitimate dem&s ( morality1 :i* correspond to man's nature1 & t ! doctr9e ( ju/ice1 :i* ,*ri/ reject$ & 9 ! place ( :i* he put 8 own tea*+1 is mu* m pr(itable = u4 ,! le>n$ consid] ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance to evil an exagg]ation & ev5 madness4 ,if x be reject$1 x w\ld be mu* bett]1 !y ?9k1 )\t obs]v+ t !y are n talk+ ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ at all1 b ( :at pres5ts itself to !m z su*4 ,!y d n notice t to say t ,*ri/'s comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance to evil is an exagg]ation is ! same z say+ t 9 ! !ory ( ! circle ! /atem5t ab\t ! equality ( ! radii ( a circle is an exagg]ation4 ,& ^? :o say s d precisely :at a man1 :o did n h any conception z to :at a circle is1 w\ld d if he ass]t$ t ! dem& t all ! po9ts on ! circumf]5ce %\ld be equally di/ant f ! c5tre is an exagg]ation4 ,to advise t ! /atem5t conc]n+ ! equality ( ! radii 9 a circle be reject$ or mod]at$ is ! same z n und]/&+ :at a circle is4 ,to advise t ! comm&m5t ab\t non-resi/ance to evil 9 ! vital tea*+ ( ,*ri/ be reject$ or mod]at$ means n to und]/& ! tea*+4 ,& ^? :o d s actually d n und]/& x at all4 ,!y d n und]/& t ?is tea*+ is ! e/abli%m5t ( a new compreh5sion ( life1 :i* corresponds to ! new condition into :i* m5 h be5 ent]+ = ^! eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 & ! det]m9ation ( ! new activity :i* results f x4 ,!y d n believe t ,*ri/ want$ to say :at he did2 or x seems to !m t :at he said 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & 9 o!r passages ,he said f infatuation1 f lack ( compreh5sion1 f insuffici5t developm5t4#aj #aj ,"h1 = example1 is a *>act]i/ic judgm5t ( ! k9d 9 an article ( an ,am]ican p]iodical1 ,ar5a1 ,octob]1 #ahij4 ,! article is entitl$ ,a ,new ,basis ( ,*ur* ,life4 ,9 discuss+ ! significance ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 & especially its non-resi/ance to evil1 ! au?or1 :o is n oblig$1 l ! ecclesia/ic writ]s1 to conceal its mean+1 says3 ,*ri/ actually prea*$ complete communism & an>*y2 b we mu/ "k h[ to look ^u ,*ri/ 9 ,8 hi/orical & psy*ologic significance4 ,?is s5t5ce is n 9 ! ,engli% article4--,tr4 ,dev\t common s5se mu/ gradually come to look ^u ,*ri/ z a philan?ropic tea*] :o1 l e en?usia/ :o ev] taught1 w5t to an ,utopian extreme ( ,8 own philosophy4 ,e great agitation = ! bett]m5t ( ! _w has be5 l$ by m5 :o beheld _! own mission ) su* absorb+ int5sity t !y c\ld see little else4 ,x is no reproa* to ,*ri/ to say t ,he _h ! typical re=m]'s temp]am5t2 t ,8 precepts _c be lit]ally accept$ z a complete philosophy ( life2 & t m5 are to analyze !m rev]5tly1 b1 at ! same "t1 9 ! _s ( ord9>y1 tru?-seek+ criticism1 & s =?4 ,*ri/ w\ld h lik$ to speak well1 b ,he did n "k h[ to express ,himself z precisely & cle>ly z we1 9 ! _s ( criticism1 & s we w correct him4 ,ev]y?+ ,he said ab\t meekness1 sacrifice1 pov]ty1 ! ?\ghtlessness = ! morr[1 ,he said by *ance1 hav+ be5 unable to express himself sci5tifically4--,au?or's ,note4 ,!re=e ,i say unto y1 ,take no ?\ght = y\r life1 :at ye %all eat1 or :at ye %all dr9k2 nor yet = y\r body1 :at ye %all put on4 ,is n ! life m ?an meat1 & ! body ?an raim5t8 ,behold ! f[ls ( ! air3 = !y s[ n1 nei!r d !y reap1 nor ga!r into b>ns2 yet y\r heav5ly ,fa!r fe$e? !m4 ,are ye n mu* bett] ?an !y8 ,:i* ( y by tak+ ?\ght c add "o cubit unto 8 /ature8 ,& :y take ye ?\ght = raim5t8 ,consid] ! lilies ( ! field1 h[ !y gr[2 !y toil n1 nei!r d !y sp93 & yet ,i say unto y1 ,t ev5 ,solomon 9 all 8 glory 0 n array$ l "o ( ^!4 ,:]e=e1 if ,god s clo! ! grass ( ! field1 :i* to-day is1 & to-morr[ is ca/ into ! ov51 %all ,he n mu* m clo! y1 ,o ye ( little fai?8 ,!re=e take no ?\ght1 say+1 ,:at %all we eat8 or1 ,:at %all we dr9k1 or1 ,:]e)al %all we be clo!d8 7,= aft] all ^! ?+s d ! ,g5tiles seek37 = y\r heav5ly ,fa!r kn[e? t ye h ne$ ( all ^! ?+s4 ,b seek ye fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god1 & ,8 righte\sness2 & all ^! ?+s %all be add$ unto y4 ,take !re=e no ?\ght = ! morr[3 = ! morr[ %all take ?\ght = ! ?+s ( itself4 ,suffici5t unto ! day is ! evil !re( 7,matt4 vi4 #be-cd74 ,sell t ye h1 & give alms2 provide y\rselves bags :i* wax n old1 a treasure 9 ! heav5s t faile? n1 :]e no ?ief approa*e?1 nei!r mo? corrupte?4 ,= :]e y\r treasure is !re w y\r he>t be also 7,luke xii4 #cc-cd74 ,g & sell t ?\ ha/1 & foll[ me1 & :o ha? n =sak5 fa!r or "m1 or *ildr51 or bre?r51 or fields1 or h\se1 _c be my disciple4 ,turn away f ?yself1 take ?y cross = e day1 & come aft] me4 ,my meat is to d ! w ( ,him t s5t me1 & to d ,8 "w4 ,n my w be done1 b ,?9e2 n :at ,i want1 b :at ,?\ wante/1 & n z ,i want1 b z ,?\ wante/4 ,! life is 9 ?is1 n to d "o's w1 b ! w ( ,god4 ,all ^! propositions seem to m5 :o are /&+ on a l[] life-conception to be an expression ( an ec/atic transport1 :i* has no direct applicability to life4 ,& yet ^! propositions j z /rictly result f ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life z ! t5et ab\t giv+ up "o's lab\r = ! common good1 ab\t sacrific+ "o's life 9 ! def5ce ( "o's c\ntry1 results f ! social conception4 ,j z a man ( ! social life-conception says to a savage1 ,come to y\r s5ses1 be?9k y\rself6 ,! life ( y\r p]sonality _c be ! true life1 because x is wret*$ & transitory4 ,only ! life ( ! aggregate & ( ! sequ5ce ( p]sonalities1 ( ! tribe1 ! family1 ! race1 ! /ate1 is cont9u$ & lives1 & s a man mu/ sacrifice 8 p]sonality = ! life ( ! family1 ! /ate4 ,precisely ! same ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ says to a man ( ! aggregate1 ( ! social conception ( life4 ,rep5t1 1 t is1 be?9k y\rselves1 or else y w p]i%4 ,rememb] t ?is c>nal1 p]sonal life1 :i* orig9at$ to-day & w be de/roy$ to-morr[1 _c be made secure 9 any way1 t no ext]nal measures1 no arrangem5t ( x1 c add firmness & rationality to x4 ,be?9k y\rselves & und]/& t ! life :i* y live is n ! true life3 ! life ( ! family1 ! life ( society1 ! life ( ! /ate w n save y f ru94 ,! true1 rational life is possible = man only 9 proportion z he c be a p>ticipant1 n 9 ! family or ! /ate1 b 9 ! s\rce ( life1 ! ,fa!r2 9 proportion z he c bl5d 8 life ) ! life ( ! ,fa!r4 ,su* indubitably is ! ,*ri/ian life-compreh5sion1 :i* may be se5 9 e utt]ance ( ! ,gospel4 ,x is possible n to %>e ?is life-conception2 x is possible to reject x2 x is possible to prove its inexactness & irregul>ity2 b x is impossible to judge ( ! tea*+1 )\t hav+ fir/ grasp$ ! life-conception f :i* x results2 /ill less possible is x to judge ab\t a subject ( a high] ord] f a l[] po9t ( view1 to judge ( ! t[] by look+ at ! f\ndation4 ,b x is precisely ?is t ! le>n$ m5 ( our "t are do+4 ,!y d s because !y abide 9 an error1 :i* is l ! "o ( ! *ur*m51 ! belief t !y are 9 possession ( su* me?ods ( ! /udy ( ! subject t1 z soon z ^! me?ods1 call$ sci5tific1 are us$1 !re c be no long] any d\bt z to ! correctness ( ! compreh5sion ( ! subject "u advisem5t4 ,x is ?is possession ( an in/rum5t ( cognition1 :i* !y deem infallible1 t s]ves z ! *ief ob/acle 9 ! compreh5sion ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ by unbeliev]s & s-call$ sci5tific m51 by ^: op9ion ! va/ majority ( unbeliev]s1 ! s-call$ cultur$ m51 are guid$4 ,f ?is imag9>y compreh5sion ( !irs arise all ! errors ( ! sci5tific m5 9 respect to ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 & especially two /range misconceptions :i* m ?an any o!r imp$e ! correct compreh5sion ( x4 ,"o ( ^! misconceptions is ?is1 t ! ,*ri/ian vital tea*+ is impracticable1 & s is ei!r entirely unobligatory1 t is1 ne$ n be tak5 = a guide1 or else mu/ be modifi$ & mod]at$ to su* an ext5t z to make x practicable 9 our society4 ,ano!r misund]/&+ is ?is1 t ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ ( love ( ,god1 & s ! s]vice ( ,him1 is an obscure1 my/ical dem&1 :i* has no def9ite object ( love1 & s mu/ give way to a m precise & compreh5sible tea*+ ab\t lov+ m5 & s]v+ humanity4 ,! fir/ misconception ab\t ! impracticabl5ess ( ! tea*+ consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! m5 ( ! social compreh5sion ( life1 be+ unable to compreh5d ! me?od by means ( :i* ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ guides m51 & tak+ ! ,*ri/ian indications ( p]fection to be rules :i* det]m9e life1 ?9k & say t x is impossible to foll[ ,*ri/'s tea*+1 because a complete fulfilm5t ( ?is tea*+ de/roys life4 ,if a man fulfill$ :at 0 prea*$ by ,*ri/1 he w\ld de/roy 8 life2 & if all m5 %\ld fulfil x1 ! :ole human race w\ld come to an end1 !y say4 ,if we c>e n = ! morr[1 = :at we %all eat & dr9k & be clo!d 92 if we d n def5d our lives2 if we d n resi/ evil ) =ce2 if we give our lives = our fri5ds1 & obs]ve absolute *a/ity1 no man1 nor ! :ole human race1 c exi/1 !y ?9k & say4 ,& !y are q correct1 if we take ! indications ( p]fection1 z giv5 by ,*ri/1 = rules1 :i* e man is oblig$ to c>ry out1 j z 9 ! social tea*+ ev]ybody is oblig$ to c>ry out ! rule ab\t pay+ ! taxes1 ab\t tak+ "p 9 c\rt1 etc4 ,! misconception consi/s 9 ?is1 t ,*ri/'s tea*+ guides m5 9 a diff]5t way f ! way ^? tea*+s guide :i* are bas$ on a l[] life-conception4 ,! tea*+s ( ! social life-conception guide only by dem&+ a precise execution ( ! rules or laws4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ guides m5 by indicat+ to !m t inf9ite p]fection ( ! ,fa!r 9 heav51 t[>d :i* x is prop] = ea* man to /rive volunt>ily1 no matt] at :at /age ( p]fection he may be4 ,! misconception ( p :o judge ab\t ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ f ! social po9t ( view consi/s 9 ?is1 t !y1 assum+ t ! p]fection po9t$ out by ,*ri/ may be atta9$ completely1 ask !mselves 7ev5 z !y "q !mselves1 assum+ t ! social laws w be fulfill$7 :at w happ5 :5 all ?is %all be fulfill$4 ,?is assumption is false1 because ! p]fection po9t$ out by ,*ri/ is inf9ite & c nev] be atta9$2 & ,*ri/ gives ,8 tea*+ ) ?is 9 view1 t complete p]fection w nev] be atta9$1 b t ! /riv+ t[>d complete1 inf9ite p]fection w con/antly increase ! good ( m51 & t ?is good c1 !re=e1 be increas$ inf9itely4 ,*ri/ does n tea* angels1 b m51 :o live an animal life1 :o are mov$ by x4 ,& x is to ?is animal =ce ( motion t ,*ri/ seems to apply a new1 a diff]5t =ce ( ! consci\sness ( div9e p]fection1 & ) ?is ,he directs ! motion ( life along ! resultant ( two =ces4 ,to assume t human life w g 9 ! direction indicat$ by ,*ri/ is ! same z assum+ t a boatman1 9 cross+ a rapid riv] & direct+ 8 boat almo/ aga9/ ! curr5t1 w move 9 t direction4 ,*ri/ recognizes ! exi/5ce ( bo? sides ( ! p>allelogram1 ( bo? ! et]nal1 inde/ructible =ces1 ( :i* man's life is compos$1--! =ce ( ! animal nature & ! =ce ( ! consci\sness ( a filial relation to ,god4 ,)\t say+ any?+ ( ! animal =ce1 :i*1 ass]t+ itself1 always rema9s equal to itself & exi/s outside ( man's p[]1 ,*ri/ speaks only ( ! div9e =ce1 call+ man to recognize x 9 ! highe/ degree1 to free x z mu* z possible f :at is ret>d+ x1 & to br+ x to ! highe/ degree ( t5sion4 ,9 ?is lib]ation & increase ( ! =ce does man's true life1 accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 consi/4 ,! true life1 accord+ to ! previ\s conditions1 consi/$ 9 ! execution ( rules1 ( ! law2 accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 x consi/s 9 ! greate/ approa* to ! div9e p]fection1 z po9t$ out to e man & inw>dly felt by him1 9 a great] & ev] great] approa* t[>d bl5d+ our w ) ! w ( ,god1 a bl5d+ t[>d :i* a man /rives1 & :i* w\ld be a de/ruction ( life z we "k x4 ,div9e p]fection is ! asymptote ( ! human life1 t[>d :i* x always t5ds & approa*es1 & :i* c be atta9$ by x only at inf9ity4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ seems to exclude ! possibility ( life only :5 m5 take ! indication ( ! ideal to be a rule4 ,x is only !n t ! dem&s put =? by ,*ri/'s tea*+ appe> to be de/ructive ( life4 ,)\t ^! dem&s ! true life w\ld be impossible4 ,too mu* %\ld n be dem&$1 p g5]ally say1 9 discuss+ ! dem&s ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,x is impossible to dem& t we %\ld n c>e = ! future1 z x says 9 ! ,gospel2 all t we %\ld d is n to c>e too mu*4 ,x is impossible to give ev]y?+ to ! poor2 b we %\ld give a c]ta91 def9ite "p to !m4 ,x is n necess>y to /rive aft] *a/ity2 b debau*]y %\ld be avoid$4 ,we mu/ n leave our wives & *ildr52 b we %\ld n be too mu* atta*$ to !m1 & s =?4 ,b to speak 9 ?is mann] is ! same z tell+ a man :o is cross+ a rapid riv]1 & :o is direct+ 8 c\rse aga9/ ! curr5t1 t x is impossible to cross ! riv] by go+ aga9/ ! curr5t1 b t to cross x he %\ld r[ 9 ! direction he wi%es to g4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ diff]s f previ\s tea*+s 9 t x guides m51 n by ext]nal rules1 b by ! int]nal consci\sness ( ! possibility ( atta9+ div9e p]fection4 ,& 9 man's s\l !re are n mod]at$ rules ( ju/ice & ( philan?ropy1 b ! ideal ( ! complete1 inf9ite1 div9e p]fection4 ,only ! /riv+ aft] ?is p]fection deflects ! direction ( man's life f ! animal condition t[>d ! div9e1 to ! ext5t to :i* ?is is possible 9 ?is life4 ,9 ord] to l& :]e y wi%1 y mu/ direct y\r c\rse mu* high] up4 ,to l[] ! dem&s ( ! ideal means n only to dim9i% ! possibility ( p]fection1 b to de/roy ! ideal itself4 ,! ideal :i* op]ates ^u p is n an inv5t$ "o1 b "o :i* is borne 9 ! s\l ( e man4 ,only ?is ideal ( ! complete1 inf9ite p]fection acts ^u p & moves !m to activity4 ,a mod]at$ p]fection loses its p[] to act ^u m5's s\ls4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ only !n has =ce1 :5 x dem&s full p]fection1 t is1 ! bl5d+ ( ,god's ess5ce1 :i* abides 9 ! s\l ( e man1 ) ! w ( ,god1--! union ( ! son & ! ,fa!r4 ,only ?is lib]ation ( ! son ( ,god1 :o lives 9 e man1 f ! animal1 & 8 approximation to ! ,fa!r =m life accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! animal 9 man1 ( no?+ b ! animal1 is n ! human life4 ,life accord+ to ! w ( ,god alone is also n ! human life4 ,! human life is ! resultant f ! animal & ! div9e lives1 & ! m ?is resultant approa*es ! div9e life1 ! m !re is ( life4 ,life1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 is a motion t[>d div9e p]fection4 ,no condition1 accord+ to ?is tea*+1 c be high] or l[] ?an ano!r4 ,e condition1 accord+ to ?is tea*+1 is only a c]ta9 /ep1 indiff]5t 9 itself1 t[>d ! unatta9able p]fection1 & s 9 itself =ms nei!r a great] nor a less] degree ( life4 ,! increase ( life1 accord+ to ?is tea*+1 is only an accel]ation ( motion t[>d p]fection1 & s ! motion t[>d p]fection ( ! publican ,zac*u1 ( ! h>lot1 ( ! robb] on ! cross1 =ms a high] degree ( life ?an ! immovable righte\sness ( ! ,ph>isee4 ,& s !re c be no obligatory rules = ?is tea*+4 ,a man :o /&s on a l[] /ep1 9 mov+ t[>d p]fection1 lives m morally & bett]1 & bett] p]=ms ! tea*+1 ?an a man :o /&s on a mu* high] /age ( morality1 b :o does n move t[>d p]fection4 ,9 ?is s5se ! lo/ %eep is de>] to ! ,fa!r ?an "o :i* is n lo/4 ,! prodigal son1 ! lo/ co9 :i* is f\nd aga91 are de>] ?an ^? :i* 7 n lo/4 ,! fulfilm5t ( ! tea*+ consi/s 9 ! motion f oneself t[>d ,god4 ,x is evid5t t = su* a fulfilm5t ( ! tea*+ !re c be no def9ite laws & rules4 ,all degrees ( p]fection & all degrees ( imp]fection are equal be=e ?is tea*+2 no fulfilm5t ( ! laws con/itutes a fulfilm5t ( ! tea*+2 & s1 = ?is tea*+ !re are1 & !re c be1 no rules & no laws4 ,f ?is radical di/9ction ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ z comp>$ ) previ\s tea*+s1 :i* are bas$ on ! social conception ( life1 !re results ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! social & ! ,*ri/ian comm&m5ts4 ,! social comm&m5ts are = ! mo/ "p positive1 prescrib+ c]ta9 acts1 ju/ify+ m51 giv+ !m righte\sness4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian comm&m5ts 7! comm&m5t ( love is n a comm&m5t 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 b an expression ( ! v ess5ce ( ! tea*+7--! five comm&m5ts ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt--are all negative1 & !y all %[ only :at m5 may n d at a c]ta9 /age ( human developm5t4 ,^! comm&m5ts are1 z x 71 signals on ! inf9ite road to p]fection1 t[>d :i* humanity walks1 signals ( t /age ( p]fection :i* is possible at a giv5 p]iod ( ! developm5t ( humanity4 ,9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt ,*ri/ has express$ ! et]nal ideal t[>d :i* x is prop] = m5 to t5d1 & t degree ( its atta9m5t :i* c be rea*$ ev5 9 our "t4 ,! ideal consi/s 9 hav+ no ill-w aga9/ any "o1 9 call+ =? no ill-w1 9 lov+ all2 b ! comm&m5t1 bel[ :i*1 9 ! atta9m5t ( ?is ideal1 x is absolutely possible n to desc5d1 consi/s 9 n (f5d+ any "o ) a ^w4 ,& ?is =ms ! fir/ comm&m5t4 ,! ideal is complete *a/ity1 ev5 9 ?\ght2 ! comm&m5t :i* po9ts out ! degree ( atta9m5t1 bel[ :i*1 9 ! atta9m5t ( ?is ideal1 x is absolutely possible n to desc5d1 is ! purity ( ! m>ital life1 ! ab/a9+ f =nication4 ,& ?is =ms ! second comm&m5t4 ,! ideal is n to c>e = ! future1 to live only 9 ! pres5t2 ! comm&m5t :i* po9ts out ! degree ( ! atta9m5t1 bel[ :i* x is absolutely possible n to desc5d is n to swe>1 n to promise any?+ to m54 ,& ?is is ! ?ird comm&m5t4 ,! ideal is nev]1 "u any condition1 to make use ( viol5ce2 ! comm&m5t :i* po9ts out ! degree bel[ :i* x is absolutely possible n to desc5d is n to repay evil ) evil1 b to suff] insult1 to give up "o's cloak4 ,& ?is is ! f\r? comm&m5t4 ,! ideal is to love our enemies1 :o hate u2 ! comm&m5t :i* po9ts out ! degree ( ! atta9m5t1 bel[ :i* x is possible n to desc5d1 is to d no evil to our enemies1 to speak well ( !m1 to make no di/9ction betwe5 !m & our fell[ citiz5s4 ,all ^! comm&m5ts are indications ( :at we are fully able n to d on ! pa? ( /riv+ aft] p]fection1 ( :at we ought to "w ov] n[1 ( :at we mu/ by degrees transf] into ! sph]e ( habit1 into ! sph]e ( ! unconsci\s4 ,b ^! comm&m5ts fail to =m a tea*+1 & d n exhau/ x1 & =m only "o ( ! endless /eps 9 ! approximation t[>d p]fection4 ,aft] ^! comm&m5ts !re mu/ & w foll[ high] & high] ones on ! pa? to p]fection1 :i* is indicat$ by ! tea*+4 ,& s x is ! peculi>ity ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ t x makes high] dem&s ?an ^? :i* are express$ 9 ^! comm&m5ts1 b "u no condition m9imizes ! dem&s1 ei!r ( ! ideal itself1 or ( ^! comm&m5ts1 z is done by p :o judge ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity free f ! /&po9t ( ! social conception ( life4 ,su* is "o misconception ( ! sci5tific m5 conc]n+ ! mean+ & significance ( ,*ri/'s tea*+2 ! o!r1 :i* fl[s f ! same s\rce1 consi/s 9 ! sub/itution ( ! love & s]vice ( m51 ( humanity1 = ! ,*ri/ian dem& = lov+ ,god & s]v+ ,him4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ ( lov+ ,god & s]v+ ,him1 & 7only 9 consequ5ce ( ?is love & ?is s]vice7 ( ! love & s]vice ( our neighb\r1 appe>s obscure1 my/ical1 & arbitr>y to ! m5 ( sci5ce1 & !y completely exclude ! dem& ( love ( ,god & ( s]v+ ,him1 assum+ t ! tea*+ ab\t ?is love ( m51 ( humanity1 is mu* m intelligible & firm & bett] gr\nd$4 ,! m5 ( sci5ce tea* !oretically t ! good & s5sible life is only ! life ( s]v+ ! :ole ( humanity1 & 9 ?is alone d !y see ! mean+ ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+2 to ?is tea*+ d !y r$uce ! ,*ri/ian tea*+2 = ?is _! tea*+ d !y seek a confirmation 9 ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 assum+ t _! tea*+ & ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ are "o & ! same4 ,?is op9ion is q faulty4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 & t ( ! positivi/s1 communi/s1 & all ! prea*]s ( a univ]sal bro!rhood ( m51 :i* is bas$ on ! pr(itabl5ess ( su* a bro!rhood1 h no?+ 9 common among !mselves1 & diff] f "o ano!r m especially 9 ?is1 t ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ has firm1 cle> f\ndations 9 ! human s\l1 :ile ! tea*+ ( ! love ( humanity is only a !oretical d$uction f analogy4 ,! tea*+ ( ! love ( humanity alone has = its basis ! social conception ( life4 ,! ess5ce ( ! social conception ( life consi/s 9 ! transf]5ce ( ! mean+ ( our p]sonal lives into ! life ( ! aggregate ( p]sonalities1--! tribe1 ! family1 ! race1 ! /ate4 ,?is transf]5ce has tak5 place easily & naturally 9 its fir/ =ms1 9 ! transf]5ce ( ! mean+ ( life f ! p]sonality to ! tribe1 ! family4 ,b ! transf]5ce to ! race or nation is m difficult & dem&s a special education = x2 & ! transf]5ce ( ! consci\sness to ! /ate =ms ! limit ( su* a transf]5ce4 ,x is natural = any "o to love himself1 & e p]son loves himself )\t any special incitem5t2 to love my tribe1 :i* supports & def5ds me1 to love my wife1 ! joy & helpmate ( my life1 my *ildr51 ! pleasure & hope ( my life1 & my p>5ts1 :o h giv5 me life & an education1 is natural3 & ?is k9d ( love1 ?\gh f> f be+ z /rong z ! love ( self1 is met ) q frequ5tly4 ,to love "o's race1 "o's nation1 = ! sake ( oneself1 ( "o's pride1 ?\gh n s natural1 is /ill to be met )4 ,! love ( "o's nation1 :i* is ( ! same race1 tongue1 & fai? ) "o1 is /ill possible1 ?\gh ?is s5tim5t is f> f be+ z /rong z ! love ( self1 or ev5 ( family & race2 b ! love ( a c\ntry1 l ,turkey1 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 ,au/ria1 ,russia1 is almo/ an impossible ?+1 &1 9 spite ( ! int5sifi$ education 9 ?is direction1 is only assum$ & does n exi/ 9 reality4 ,) ?is aggregate !re ends = man ! possibility ( transf]r+ 8 consci\sness & ( exp]i5c+ 9 ?is fiction any imm$iate s5sation4 ,b ! positivi/s & all ! prea*]s ( a sci5tific bro!rhood1 :o d n take into consid]ation ! weak5+ ( ! s5tim5t 9 proportion z ! subject is wid5$1 cont9ue ! discussion !oretically along ! same direction3 ,if1 !y say1 x 0 m advantage\s = ! p]sonality to transf] its consci\sness to ! tribe1 ! family1 & !n to ! nation1 ! /ate1 x w be /ill m advantage\s to transf] ! consci\sness to ! :ole aggregate ( humanity1 & = all to live = humanity1 j z individuals live = ! family1 ! /ate4 ,!oretically x really comes out t way4 ,s9ce ! consci\sness & ! love ( p]sonality are transf]r$ to ! family1 f ! family to ! race1 ! nation1 ! /ate1 x w\ld be q logical = m51 to save !mselves f /ruggle & calamities1 :i* are due to ! division ( humanity into nations & /ates1 mo/ naturally to transf] _! love to humanity4 ,?is w\ld seem to be ! mo/ logical ?+1 & ?is is !oretically advocat$ by m51 :o d n obs]ve t love is a s5tim5t :i* "o may h1 b _c prea*1 & t1 besides1 = love !re mu/ be an object1 :]eas humanity is n an object1 b only a fiction4 ,! tribe1 ! family1 ev5 ! /ate1 are n inv5t$ by m51 b 7 =m$ naturally l a sw>m ( bees or ants1 & actually exi/4 ,a man :o loves 8 family = ! sake ( 8 animal p]sonality1 kn[s :om he loves3 ,anna1 ,m>y1 ,john1 ,pet]1 & s =?4 ,a man :o loves a race & is pr\d ( x1 kn[s t he loves ! :ole race ( ! ,guelphs1 or all ! ,ghibell9es2 he :o loves ! /ate kn[s t he loves ,france z f> z ! ,rh9e & ! ,pyr5ees1 & its capital1 ,p>is1 & its hi/ory1 & s =?4 ,b :at does a man love1 :5 he loves humanity8 ,!re is ! /ate1 ! nation2 !re is ! ab/ract conception--man2 b !re is n1 & !re _c be1 a real conception ( humanity4 ,humanity8 ,:]e is ! limit ( humanity8 ,:]e does x end & :]e does x beg98 ,does humanity /op %ort ( a savage1 an idiot1 an alcoholic1 an insane p]son8 ,if we are go+ to draw a l9e ( dem>cation = humanity1 s z to exclude ! l[] repres5tatives ( ! human race1 :]e are we go+ to draw x8 ,are we go+ to exclude ! negroes1 z ! ,am]icans d1 & ! ,h9doos1 z "s ,engli% d1 & ! ,jews1 z "s d8 ,b if we are go+ to include all m5 )\t exception1 :y include m5 only1 & n ! high] animals1 _m ( :om /& high] ?an ! l[] repres5tatives ( ! human race8 ,we d n "k humanity z an ext]nal object1--we d n "k its limits4 ,humanity is a fiction1 & x _c be lov$4 ,x w\ld inde$ be v conv5i5t1 if m5 c\ld love humanity j z !y love ! family2 x w\ld be v conv5i5t1 z ! communi/s talk ( do+1 to sub/itute ! communal = ! competitive t5d5cy ( human activity1 & ! univ]sal = ! individual1 s t e man may be = all1 & all = e man1 only !re are no motives :atev] = x4 ,! positivi/s1 ! communi/s1 & all ! prea*]s ( ! sci5tific bro!rhood prea* ! wid5+ ( t love :i* m5 h = !mselves & = _! families & = ! /ate1 s z to embrace all humanity1 =gett+ t ! love :i* !y advocate is ! p]sonal love1 :i*1 by spread+ out ?9n]1 c\ld ext5d to ! family2 :i*1 by spread+ out /ill ?9n]1 c\ld ext5d to ! natural c\ntry ( bir?1 :i* completely vani%es z soon z x rea*es an artificial /ate1 z ,au/ria1 ,turkey1 ,engl&1 & :i* we are n ev5 able to imag9e1 :5 we come to humanity1 an entirely my/ical subject4 ,man loves himself 78 animal life71 loves 8 family1 loves ev5 8 c\ntry4 ,:y %\ld he n love also humanity8 ,h[ nice t w\ld be6 ,by ! way1 ?is is precisely :at ,*ri/ianity tea*es4 ,?us ?9k ! prea*]s ( ! positivi/1 communi/ic1 sociali/ic bro!rhoods4 ,x w\ld inde$ be v nice1 b x _c be1 because love :i* is bas$ on ! p]sonal & ! social conception ( life _c g beyond ! /ate4 ,! error ( judgm5t consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! social life-conception1 on :i* is bas$ ! love ( family & ( c\ntry1 is built on ! love ( p]sonality1 & t ?is love1 be+ transf]r$ f ! p]sonality to ! family1 ! race1 ! nationality1 ! /ate1 keeps gr[+ weak] & weak]1 & 9 ! /ate rea*es its extreme limit1 beyond :i* x _c g4 ,! necessity = wid5+ ! sph]e ( love is inconte/able2 b at ! same "t ?is v necessity = its wid5+ 9 reality de/roys ! possibility ( love & proves ! insuffici5cy ( ! p]sonal1 ! human love4 ,& "h ! prea*]s ( ! positivi/1 communi/ic1 sociali/ic bro!rhoods1 to succ\r ! human love1 :i* has prov$ insuffici5t1 propose ! ,*ri/ian love1--9 its consequ5ces alone1 & n 9 its f\ndations3 !y propose ! love ( humanity alone1 )\t ! love ( ,god4 ,b !re c be no su* love4 ,!re exi/s no motive = x4 ,*ri/ian love results only f ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 accord+ to :i* ! mean+ ( life consi/s 9 ! love ( ,god & 9 s]v+ ,him4 ,by a natural progression1 f ! love ( self to ! love ( family1 ( ! race1 ( ! nation1 ( ! /ate1 ! social conception ( life has br\ght m5 to ! consci\sness ( ! necessity = a love ( humanity1 :i* has no limits & bl5ds ) ev]y?+ 9 exi/5ce1--to some?+ :i* evokes no s5sations 9 man2 x has br\ght !m to a contradiction1 :i* _c be solv$ by ! social conception ( life4 ,only ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ 9 all its significance1 by giv+ a new mean+ to life1 solves x4 ,*ri/ianity recognizes ! love ( self1 & ( ! family1 & ( ! nation1 & ( humanity1--n only ( humanity1 b ( ev]y?+ liv+1 ( ev]y?+ 9 exi/5ce2 x recognizes ! necessity = an endless wid5+ ( ! sph]e ( love2 b ! object ( ?is love x does n f9d outside ( self1 or 9 ! aggregate ( p]sonalities1--9 ! family1 ! race1 ! /ate1 humanity1 9 ! :ole ext]nal _w1 b 9 oneself1 9 "o's p]sonality1--:i*1 h[ev]1 is a div9e p]sonality1 ! ess5ce ( :i* is ! same love1 to ! necessity ( wid5+ :i* ! animal p]sonality 0 br\ght1 9 sav+ itself f ! consci\sness ( its p]dition4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ & :at prec$$ x is ?is1 t ! prec$+ social tea*+ said3 ,live contr>y to y\r nature 7mean+ only ! animal nature71 subord9ate x to ! ext]nal law ( ! family1 ! society1 ! /ate2 b ,*ri/ianity says3 ,live 9 accordance ) y\r nature 7mean+ ! div9e nature71 subord9at+ x to no?+1--nei!r to y\r own1 nor to anybody else's animal nature1--& y w atta9 :at y are /riv+ aft] by subord9at+ y\r ext]nal nature to ext]nal laws4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ takes man back to ! primitive consci\sness ( self1 n ( self--! animal1 b ( self--,god1 ! div9e sp>k1 ( self--! son ( ,god1 ( j su* a ,god z ! ,fa!r himself1 b includ$ 9 an animal integum5t4 ,& ! recognition ( self z ?is son ( ,god1 ^: *ief quality is love1 satisfies also all ^? dem&s = ! wid5+ ( ! sph]e ( love1 to :i* ! man ( ! social conception ( life 0 br\ght4 ,!re1 ) a great] & ev] great] wid5+ ( ! sph]e ( love = ! salvation ( ! p]sonality1 love 0 a necessity & 0 appli$ to c]ta9 objects1--self1 ! family1 society1 humanity2 ) ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 love is n a necessity & is n adapt$ to any?+1 b is an ess5tial quality ( man's s\l4 ,man does n love because x is advantage\s = him to love ?is man or ^! m51 b because love is ! ess5ce ( 8 s\l1--because he _c help lov+4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ consi/s 9 po9t+ out to man t ! ess5ce ( 8 s\l is love1 t 8 good is d]iv$ n f ! fact t he w love ?is or t man1 b f ! fact t he w love ! beg9n+ ( ev]y?+1 ,god1 :om he recognizes 9 himself ?r\gh love1 & s w love ev]ybody & ev]y?+4 ,9 ?is does ! fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ & ! tea*+ ( ! positivi/s & ( all ! !ori/s ( ! non-,*ri/ian univ]sal bro!rhood consi/4 ,su* are ! two *ief misconceptions conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 f :i* orig9ate ! majority ( ! false op9ions 9 reg>d to x4 ,"o is1 t1 l ! prec$+ tea*+s1 ,*ri/'s tea*+ inculcates rules1 :i* m5 are oblig$ to foll[1 & t ^! rules are impracticable2 ! o!r is1 t ! :ole significance ( ,*ri/ianity consi/s 9 ! tea*+ ab\t ! advantage\s cohabitation ( humanity1 z "o family1 = :i*1 )\t m5tion+ ! love ( ,god1 x is necess>y only to foll[ ! rule ( love t[>d humanity4 ,! false op9ion ( ! sci5tific m51 t ! tea*+ ( ! sup]natural =ms ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 & t ,*ri/'s vital tea*+ is impracticable1 toge!r ) ! misconception :i* arises f ?is false op9ion1 =ms ! second cause :y ,*ri/ianity is n und]/ood by ! m5 ( our "t4 ,v4 ,!re are _m causes = ! failure to compreh5d ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,"o cause lies 9 ?is1 t m5 assume t !y und]/& ! tea*+1 :5 !y decide1 z ! *ur*m5 d1 t x 0 transmitt$ to u 9 a sup]natural mann]2 or1 z ! sci5tific m5 d1 t !y und]/& x1 :5 !y h /udi$ a "p ( ^? ext]nal ph5om5a 9 :i* x is express$4 ,ano!r cause ( a failure to compreh5d lies 9 ! misconceptions z to ! impracticability ( ! tea*+ & z to ?is1 t x ought to give way to ! tea*+ ab\t ! love ( humanity2 b ! *ief cause :i* has eng5d]$ all ^! misconceptions is ?is1 t ,*ri/'s tea*+ is consid]$ to be su* z c be accept$1 or n1 )\t *ang+ "o's life4 ,! m5 :o are accu/om$ to ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s1 :o love x & are afraid to *ange x1 try to compreh5d ! tea*+ z a collection ( revelations & rules1 :i* may be accept$1 )\t *ang+ _! lives1 :]eas ,*ri/'s tea*+ is n m]ely a tea*+ ab\t rules :i* a man may foll[1 b ! elucidation ( a new mean+ ( life1 :i* det]m9es ! :ole1 entirely new activity ( humanity = ! p]iod ^u :i* x is ent]+4 ,human life moves1 passes1 l ! life ( ! individual1 & e age has its correspond+ life-conception1 & ?is life-conception is inevitably accept$ by m54 ,^? m5 :o d n consci\sly accept ! life-conception prop] = _! age are br\ght to x unconsci\sly4 ,:at takes place ) ! *ange ( views on life 9 ! case ( individuals1 takes place also ) ! *ange ( ! views on life 9 ! case ( nations & ( all humanity4 ,if a man ) a family cont9ues to be guid$ 9 8 activity by a *ildi% compreh5sion ( life1 8 life w become s h>d = him t he w involunt>ily seek ano!r compreh5sion ( life1 & w gladly accept ! "o :i* is prop] = 8 age4 ,! same is n[ tak+ place 9 our humanity 9 ! transition f ! pagan conception ( life to ! ,*ri/ian1 :i* is n[ go+ on4 ,! social man ( our "t is br\ght by life itself to ! necessity ( r5\nc+ ! pagan conception ( life1 :i* is no long] prop] = ! pres5t age ( humanity1 & ( submitt+ to ! dem&s ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 ! tru?s ( :i*1 no matt] h[ di/ort$ & mis9t]pret$ !y may be1 are /ill kn[n to him & alone furni% a solution to ^? contradictions 9 :i* he is los+ himself4 ,if ! dem&s ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ seem /range & ev5 p]il\s to ! man ( ! social life-conception1 ! dem&s ( ! social tea*+ anci5tly seem$ j z incompreh5sible & p]il\s to a savage1 :5 he did n yet fully compreh5d !m & 0 unable to =esee _! consequ5ces4 ,x is irrational = me to sacrifice my peace or ev5 my life1 says ! savage1 9 ord] to def5d some?+ incompreh5sible1 intangible1 conv5tional1--! family1 ! race1 ! c\ntry1 &1 above all else1 x is dang]\s to give myself ov] to ! disposition ( a =eign p[]4 ,b ! "t came :5 ! savage1 on ! "o h&1 compreh5d$1 h[ev] dimly1 ! significance ( ! social life1 ! significance ( its prime mov]1--! public approval or condemnation1--glory2 on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! suff]+s ( 8 p]sonal life became s great t he no long] cont9u$ to believe 9 ! tru? ( 8 =m] conception ( life1 & accept$ ! social1 ! political tea*+ & submitt$ to x4 ,! same n[ takes place ) ! social1 ! political man4 ,x is irrational = me1 says ! social man1 to sacrifice my good1 ! good ( my family1 my c\ntry1 = ! fulfilm5t ( ! conditions ( "s high] law1 :i* dem&s f me ! r5unciation ( ! mo/ natural & ! be/ s5tim5ts ( love = myself1 my family1 my c\ntry1 &1 above all1 x is dang]\s to reject ! security ( life1 :i* is giv5 by ! political /ructure4 ,b ! "t comes :51 on ! "o h&1 ! dim consci\sness 9 8 s\l ( a high] law ( love = ,god & = 8 neighb\r1 &1 on ! o!r1 ! suff]+s :i* arise f ! contradictions ( life1 compel him to reject ! social life-conception & to accept ! new1 ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 :i* is (f]$ to him1 & :i* solves all ! contradictions & removes ! suff]+s ( 8 life4 ,& ?is "t has n[ come4 ,to u1 :o ?\s&s ( ye>s ago exp]i5c$ ! transition f ! animal1 p]sonal life-conception to ! social "o1 x seems t t transition 0 necess>y & natural1 & ?is1 ! "o ?r\gh :i* we h be5 pass+ ^! eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 is arbitr>y1 unnatural1 & t]rible4 ,b t only seems s to u1 because ! o!r transition is already accompli%$1 & its activity has already pass$ into ! subconsci\s1 :ile ! pres5t transition is n yet accompli%$1 & we h to accompli% x consci\sly4 ,! social life-conception ent]$ into ! consci\sness ( m5 ?r\gh c5turies & mill5niums1 pass$ ?r\gh sev]al =ms1 & has n[ pass$ = humanity into ! sph]e ( ! subconsci\s1 :i* is transmitt$ ?r\gh h]$ity1 education1 & habit1 & s x seems natural to u4 ,b five ?\s& ye>s ago x seem$ to m5 j z unnatural & t]rible z n[ ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ seems to u 9 its true mean+4 ,x n[ seems to u t ! dem&s ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ = a univ]sal bro!rhood1 abolition ( nationalities1 abs5ce ( prop]ty1 ! app>5tly s /range non-resi/ance to evil1 are impossible dem&s4 ,b j s /range1 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 seem$ ! dem&s1 n only ( ! /ate1 b also ( ! family1 z1 = example1 ! dem& t ! p>5ts %\ld support _! *ildr51 & ! "y--! old1 & t husb& & wife %\ld be true to "o ano!r4 ,/ill m /range1 ev5 s5seless1 seem$ ! political dem&s1--t ! citiz5s %\ld submit to ! p[]s t be1 pay taxes1 g to w> 9 ! def5ce ( _! c\ntry1 & s =?4 ,x n[ seems to u t all su* dem&s are simple1 intelligible1 natural1 & h no?+ my/ical or ev5 /range ab\t !m2 b five or ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 ^! dem&s seem$ impossible4 ,! social life-conception s]v$ z a basis = religions = ! v reason t1 :5 x manife/$ itself to m51 x seem$ to !m q un9telligible1 my/ical1 & sup]natural4 ,n[1 s9ce we h outliv$ ?is phase ( ! life ( humanity1 we und]/& ! rational causes ( ! union ( m5 9 families1 communes1 /ates2 b 9 antiquity ! dem&s = su* a union 7 manife/$ 9 ! "n ( ! sup]natural1 & 7 confirm$ by x4 ,! patri>*al religion deifi$ ! families1 races1 nations3 ! political religions deifi$ k+s & /ates4 ,ev5 n[ ! majority ( ! m5 ( little culture1 su* z our peasants1 :o call ! ,ts> an e>?ly ,god1 submit to ! social laws1 n f a rational consci\sness ( _! necessity1 n because !y h a conception ( ! idea ( ! /ate1 b f a religi\s s5tim5t4 ,ev5 s n[ ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ repres5ts itself to ! m5 ( ! social1 or pagan1 _w-conception 9 ! =m ( a sup]natural religion1 :]eas 9 reality !re is 9 x no?+ my/]i\s1 or my/ical1 or sup]natural2 x is no?+ b ! tea*+ ab\t life1 :i* corresponds to t /age ( ! mat]ial developm5t1 to t age1 9 :i* humanity is1 & :i* mu/ !re=e inevitably be accept$ by x4 ,! "t w come1 & is already at h&1 :5 ! ,*ri/ian f\ndations ( life1 equality1 bro!rhood ( m51 community ( possession1 non-resi/ance to evil1 w become z natural & z simple z ! f\ndations ( ! family1 ! social1 & ! political life n[ appe> to u4 ,nei!r man nor humanity c 9 _! motion turn back4 ,! social1 family1 & political life-conceptions h be5 outliv$ by m51 & x is necess>y to g ahead & accept ! high] life-conception1 :i* inde$ is be+ done n[4 ,?is motion takes place f two sides1 consci\sly1 9 consequ5ce ( spiritual causes1 & unconsci\sly1 9 consequ5ce ( mat]ial causes4 ,j z ! individual seldom *anges 8 life m]ely 9 accordance ) ! indications ( reason1 b z a rule1 9 spite ( ! new mean+ & ! new aims indicat$ by reason1 cont9ues to live 8 =m] life & *anges x only :5 8 life becomes entirely contradictory to 8 consci\sness1 &1 !re=e1 agoniz+1 s also humanity1 hav+ come ?r\gh its religi\s guides to "k ! new mean+ ( life1 ! new aims1 t[>d :i* x mu/ t5d1 ev5 aft] ?is k cont9ues = a long "t1 9 ! case ( ! majority ( m51 to live ! previ\s life1 & is guid$ to ! acceptance ( a new life-conception only ?r\gh ! impossibility ( cont9u+ ! =m] life4 ,9 spite ( ! dem&s = ! *ange ( life1 z cogniz$ & express$ by ! religi\s guides & accept$ by ! wise/ m51 ! majority ( m51 9 spite ( ! religi\s relation to ^! guides1 t is1 ! fai? 9 _! tea*+1 cont9ue 9 ! m complex life to be guid$ by ! previ\s tea*+1 j z a man ( a family w\ld act1 if1 kn[+ h[ he ought to live at 8 age1 he %\ld f habit & frivolity cont9ue to live a *ild's life4 ,x is ?is t takes place 9 ! matt] ( ! transition ( humanity f "o age to ano!r1 su* z is n[ go+ on4 ,humanity has outgr[n its social1 political age1 & has ent]$ ^u a new "o4 ,x kn[s ! tea*+ :i* ought to be put at ! f\ndation ( ! life ( ?is new age1 b f in]tia cont9ues to hold on to ! previ\s =ms ( life4 ,f ?is lack ( correspond5ce betwe5 ! life-conception & ! practice ( life !re arises a s]ies ( contradictions & suff]+s1 :i* poison our life & dem& its *ange4 ,we ne$ only to comp>e ! practice ( life ) its !ory1 9 ord] t we may be fright5$ at ! cry+ contradiction ( ! conditions ( life & ( our consci\sness1 9 :i* we live4 ,our :ole life is "o solid contradiction to ev]y?+ we "k & consid] necess>y & "r4 ,?is contradiction is 9 ev]y?+1--9 ! economic1 ! political1 ! int]national life4 ,z ?\gh =gett+ :at we "k1 & = a "t putt+ aside :at we believe 9 7we _c help b believe1 because ?is con/itutes our only f\ndations ( life71 we d ev]y?+ contr>y to :at our consci5ce & our common s5se dem& ( u4 ,9 economic1 political1 & int]national relations we are guid$ by ^? f\ndations :i* 7 useful to m5 ?ree & five ?\s& ye>s ago1 & :i* directly contradict our pres5t consci\sness & ^? conditions ( life 9 :i* we n[ are4 ,x 0 well en\gh = a man ( antiquity to live amid/ a division ( m5 into slaves & ma/]s1 :5 he believ$ t ?is division 0 f ,god1 & t x c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,b is a simil> division possible 9 our day8 ,a man ( ! anci5t _w c\ld consid] himself 9 ! "r to use ! b5efits ( ?is _w to ! disadvantage ( o!r m51 caus+ !m to suff] = g5]ations1 because he believ$ t m5 are born ( v>i\s bre$s1 noble & base1 ( ! g5]ation ( ,japhe? & ( ,ham4 ,n only ! greate/ sages ( ! _w1 ! tea*]s ( humanity1 ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 ju/ifi$ ! exi/5ce ( slaves & prov$ ! legality ( x1 b ev5 ?ree c5turies ago m5 :o wrote ( ! imag9>y society ( ! future1 ( ,utopia1 c\ld n imag9e x )\t slaves4 ,! m5 ( antiquity1 & ev5 ( ! ,middle ,ages1 believ$1 believ$ firmly1 t m5 are n equal1 t only ! ,p]sians1 only ! ,greeks1 only ! ,romans1 only ! ,fr5* 7 real m54 ,b ^? m5 :o 9 our "t *ampion ari/ocratism & patriotism d n believe1 _c believe1 9 :at !y say4 ,we all "k1 & we _c help b "k1 ev5 if we h nev] he>d or read ?is ?\ght cle>ly express$ & h nev] express$ x ourselves1 we1 hav+ imbib$ ?is consci\sness1 :i* is borne 9 ! ,*ri/ian atmosph]e1 "k ) our :ole he>t1 & we _c help b "k1 t fundam5tal tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 t we all are ! sons ( "o ,fa!r1 all ( u1 no matt] :]e we may live or :at language we may speak1--t we are all bro!rs & are subject only to ! law ( love1 :i* by our common ,fa!r is implant$ 9 our he>ts4 ,no matt] :at ! mann] ( ?\ght & degree ( culture ( a man ( our "t may be1 be he a cultur$ lib]al ( any %ade :atev]1 be he a philosoph] ( any camp1 be he a sci5tific man1 an economi/1 ( any s*ool1 be he an uncultur$1 ev5 a religi\s man ( any confession ( fai?1--e man ( our "t kn[s t all m5 h ! same "r to life & to ! b5efits ( ?is _w1 t no man is bett] or worse ?an any "o else1 t all m5 are equal4 ,ev]ybody kn[s ?is ) absolute c]ta9ty & ) 8 :ole be+1 & at ! same "t n only sees all ab\t him ! division ( m5 into two ca/es3 "o1 :i* is work+1 is oppress$1 9 ne$1 9 suff]+1 & ! o!r1 idle1 oppress+1 & liv+ 9 luxury & pleasure1--he n only sees ?is1 b involunt>ily f "o side or ano!r takes "p 9 ?is division ( m51 :i* 8 reason rejects1 & he _c help b suff] f ! consci\sness ( su* a contradiction & f p>ticipation 9 x4 ,be he ma/] or slave1 a man ( our "t _c help b exp]i5ce a con/ant agoniz+ contradiction betwe5 8 consci\sness & reality1 & suff]+s :i* arise f x4 ,! work+ masses1 ! great majority ( p1 suff]+ f ! con/ant1 all-absorb+1 s5seless1 dawnless lab\r & suff]+s1 suff] mo/ ( all f ! consci\sness ( ! cry+ contradiction betwe5 :at exi/s & :at ought to be1 z ! result ( ev]y?+ :i* is pr(ess$ by !m & by ^? :o h plac$ !m 9 ?is position & ma9ta9 !m 9 x4 ,!y "k t !y are 9 slav]y1 & are p]i%+ 9 want & d>kness1 9 ord] to s]ve ! lu/ ( ! m9ority1 :i* keeps !m 9 slav]y4 ,!y "k ?is & give expression to x4 ,& ?is consci\sness n only increases _! suff]+s1 b ev5 =ms ! ess5ce ( _! suff]+s4 ,! anci5t slave knew t he 0 a slave by nature1 b our workman1 feel+ himself to be a slave1 kn[s t he %\ld n be a slave1 & s exp]i5ces ! torm5ts ( ,tantalus1 et]nally wi%+ = & n receiv+ :at n only c\ld1 b ev5 %\ld be4 ,! suff]+s ( ! work+ classes :i* result f ! contradiction betwe5 :at is & :at ought to be1 are increas$ t5fold by ! envy & hatr$ :i* result f !m4 ,a workman ( our "t1 ev5 ?\gh 8 "w may be light] ?an t ( an anci5t slave & he may h atta9$ an eight-h\r "w-day & a wage ( ?ree doll>s p] day1 w n cease suff]+1 because1 9 manufactur+ articles :i* he w n make use (1 & work+1 n = himself & at 8 pleasure1 b f necessity1 = :ims ( luxuri\s & idle p 9 g5]al & = ! enri*m5t ( "o man1 ! ri* own] ( ! factory or plant1 9 p>ticul>1 he kn[s t all ?is is tak+ place 9 a _w 9 :i* n only !y h accept$ ! sci5tific proposition t only "w is weal?1 t ! exploitation ( o!r m5's lab\r is unju/1 illegal1 am5able to puni%m5t by law1 b also !y pr(ess ,*ri/'s tea*+1 accord+ to :i* all are bro!rs1 & a man's wor? & m]it consi/s only 9 s]v+ 8 neighb\r1 & n 9 mak+ use ( him4 ,he kn[s all ?is1 & he _c help b suff] torm5ts f ?is cry+ contradiction betwe5 :at ought to be & :at actually exi/s4 ,f all ! data & f ev]y?+ :i* ,i "k all m5 pr(ess1 ! lab\r+ man says to himself1 ,i ought to be free1 equal to all o!r m51 & lov$2 b ,i am a slave1--,i am humiliat$ & hat$4 ,& he himself hates & seeks = means to save himself f ?is position1 to ?r[ (f 8 foe1 :o is press+ d[n on him1 & himself to get on top ( him4 ,!y say1 ,! work+ m5 are n "r 9 _! desire to take ! place ( ! capitali/s1 nor ! poor 9 _! desire to take ! place ( ! ri*4 ,?is is n true3 ! work+ m5 & ! poor w\ld be 9 ! wrong1 if !y wi%$ = x 9 a _w 9 :i* slaves & ma/]s1 ! ri* & ! poor1 are e/abli%$ by ,god2 b !y wi% = x 9 a _w 9 :i* is pr(ess$ ! ,gospel tea*+1 ! fir/ proposition ( :i* is ! filial relation ( m5 to ,god1 & s ! bro!rhood & equality ( all m54 ,& no matt] h[ mu* m5 may try1 x is impossible to conceal ! fact t "o ( ! fir/ conditions ( a ,*ri/ian life is love1 n 9 words1 b 9 "w4 ,9 a /ill great] contradiction & 9 /ill great] suff]+s lives ! man ( ! s-call$ cultur$ class4 ,e su* man1 if he believes 9 any?+1 believes1 if n 9 ! bro!rhood ( m51 at lea/ 9 humanit>ianism2 if n 9 humanit>ianism1 at lea/ 9 ju/ice2 if n 9 ju/ice1 at lea/ 9 sci5ce1--& ) all t kn[s t 8 :ole life is built on conditions :i* are q ! rev]se ( all t1 ( all ! t5ets ( ,*ri/ianity1 & humanity1 & ju/ice1 & sci5ce4 ,he kn[s t all ! habits 9 :i* he is br\ght up1 & ! deprivation ( :i* w\ld be a torm5t = him1 c be gratifi$ only by ! pa9ful1 (t5 p]il\s lab\r ( oppress$ work+ m51 t is1 by ! mo/ palpable1 co>se violation ( ^? pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 humanit>ianism1 ju/ice1 & ev5 sci5ce 7,i mean ! dem&s ( political economy71 :i* he pr(esses4 ,he pr(esses ! pr9ciples ( bro!rhood1 humanit>ianism1 ju/ice1 sci5ce1 & yet lives 9 su* a way t he ne$s t oppression ( ! lab\r+ m5 :i* he d5ies1 & ev5 9 su* a way t 8 :ole life is an exploitation ( ?is oppression1 & n only does he live 9 ?is way1 b also he directs 8 activity to ! ma9t5ance ( ?is ord] ( ?+s1 :i* is directly oppos$ to ev]y?+ 9 :i* he believes4 ,we are all bro!rs1 & yet e morn+ my bro!r or my si/] c>ries out my vessel4 ,we are all bro!rs1 & ,i ne$ e morn+ my cig>1 sug>1 a mirror1 & s =?1 objects 9 ! manufacture ( :i* my bro!rs & my si/]s1 :o are my equals1 h be5 los+ _! heal?1 & ,i employ ^! articles & ev5 dem& !m4 ,we are all bro!rs1 & ,i live by work+ 9 a bank1 or 9 a bus9ess h\se1 or a %op1 9 ord] to make all ! w>es :i* my bro!rs ne$ m exp5sive = !m4 ,we are all bro!rs1 & yet ,i live by receiv+ a sal>y = arraign+1 judg+1 & puni%+ a ?ief or a pro/itute1 ^: exi/5ce is condition$ by ! :ole composition ( my life1 & :o1 ,i "k myself1 ought n to be puni%$1 b correct$4 ,we are all bro!rs1 & ,i live by receiv+ a sal>y = collect+ ! taxes f poor work+ m51 to be us$ = ! luxury ( ! idle & ! ri*4 ,we are all bro!rs1 & ,i receive a sal>y = prea*+ to p :at is suppos$ to be ! ,*ri/ian religion1 9 :i* ,i d n believe myself1 & :i* deprives !m ( ! possibility ( f9d+ out ! real fai?4 ,i receive a sal>y z a prie/1 a bi%op1 = deceiv+ p 9 :at is ! mo/ important matt] = !m4 ,we are all bro!rs1 b ,i give to ! poor my p$agogical1 m$ical1 lit]>y lab\rs = money only4 ,we are all bro!rs1 b ,i receive a sal>y = prep>+ myself to commit murd]1 /udy+ h[ to kill1 or mak+ a gun1 p[d]1 =tresses4 ,! :ole life ( our high] classes is "o solid contradiction1 :i* is ! m agoniz+1 ! m s5sitive man's consci5ce is4 ,! man ) a s5sitive consci5ce _c help b suff]1 if he lives ?is life4 ,!re is "o means by :i* he c free himself f ?is suff]+1--x consi/s 9 dr[n+ 8 consci5ce2 b ev5 if su* m5 succe$ 9 dr[n+ _! consci5ce1 !y _c dr[n _! t]ror4 ,ins5sitive p ( ! high]1 ! oppress+ classes1 & ^? :o h dr[n$ _! consci5ces1 if !y d n suff] f _! consci5ces1 suff] f fe> & hatr$4 ,nor c !y help b suff]4 ,!y "k ( t hatr$ aga9/ !m :i* exi/s1 & _c help b exi/1 among ! lab\r+ classes2 & !y "k t ! work+ m5 "k t !y are deceiv$ & outrag$1 & !y are beg9n+ to organize = ! purpose ( ?r[+ (f ! oppression & retaliat+ ^u ! oppressors4 ,! high] classes see ! unions1 /rikes1 ! ,fir/ ( ,may1 & !y feel ! calamity :i* is ?reat5+ !m1 & ?is t]ror poisons _! life4 ,!y feel ! calamity :i* is ?reat5+ !m1 & ! t]ror :i* !y exp]i5ce passes into a feel+ ( self-def5ce & hatr$4 ,!y "k t if !y weak5 = a mom5t 9 _! /ruggle ) ! slaves oppress$ by !m1 !y w !mselves p]i%1 because ! slaves are enrag$1 & ?is rage is gr[+ ) e day ( ! oppression4 ,! oppressors _c /op oppress+1 ev5 if !y %\ld wi% to d s4 ,!y "k t !y !mselves w p]i%1 ! mom5t !y /op or ev5 weak5 9 _! oppressions4 ,& !y d oppress1 9 spite ( _! seem+ conc]n = ! welf>e ( ! lab\r+ p1 = an eight-h\r day1 = ! prohibition to employ *ildr5 & wom51 = p5sions & rew>ds4 ,all ?is is a deception or a provision = elicit+ "w f ! slave2 b ! slave rema9s a slave1 & ! ma/]1 :o c\ld n live )\t ! slave1 is less ?an ev] prep>$ to free him4 ,! rul+ classes are1 9 relation to ! work+m51 9 ! position ( a man :o is a/ride a man :om he holds d[n & does n let g (1 n s mu* because he does n want to let g ( him1 z because he kn[s t he ne$ b = a mom5t let g ( ! subdu$ man1 & ! subdu$ man w cut 8 ?roat1 because ! subdu$ man is enrag$ & has a knife 9 8 h&4 ,& s1 :e!r !y be s5sitive or n1 our weal?y classes _c enjoy ! good ?+s :i* !y h tak5 f ! poor1 z ! anci5ts did1 :o believ$ 9 _! "r4 ,_! :ole life & all _! pleasures are poison$ by rebukes ( consci5ce or by t]ror4 ,su* is ! economical contradiction4 ,m /rik+ /ill is ! political contradiction4 ,all m5 are above all else educat$ 9 ! habits ( ob$i5ce to ! laws ( ! /ate4 ,! :ole life ( ! m5 ( our "t is det]m9$ by ! law ( ! /ate4 ,a man m>ries or gets a divorce1 educates 8 *ildr51 ev5 pr(esses a fai? 79 _m /ates7 9 accordance ) ! law4 ,:at is ?is law1 :i* det]m9es ! :ole life ( m58 ,d ! m5 believe 9 ?is law8 ,d !y consid] x to be true8 ,n 9 ! lea/4 ,9 ! majority ( cases1 ! m5 ( our "t d n believe 9 ! ju/ice ( ?is law1 despise x1 & yet obey x4 ,x 0 all v well = ! m5 ( antiquity to c>ry out _! laws4 ,!y believ$ firmly t _! law 7:i* = ! mo/ "p 0 also religi\s7 0 ! "o true law :i* all m5 mu/ obey4 ,b we8 ,we "k1 & we _c help b "k1 t ! law ( our /ate is n only n ! "o et]nal law1 b t x is only "o ( _m laws ( v>i\s c\ntries1 equally imp]fect1 & frequ5tly & palpably false & unju/1 & widely discuss$ 9 ! newspap]s4 ,x 0 all v well = a ,jew to submit to 8 laws1 :5 he _h no d\bt b t !y 7 writt5 by ,god's f+]2 or1 = a ,roman1 :5 he ?\ght t ! nymph ,eg]ia _h writt5 8 laws2 or ev5 :5 !y believ$ t ! k+s :o gave ! laws 7 ! ano9t$ ( ! ,"l1 or ev5 t ! legislative bodies _h a desire to f9d ! be/ laws1 & 7 able to d s4 ,b we "k h[ laws are made2 we h all be5 beh9d ! sc5es2 we all "k t laws are ! results ( gre$1 deception1 ! /ruggle ( p>ties1--t 9 !m !re is & !re c be no true ju/ice4 ,& s ! m5 ( our "t _c believe t ob$i5ce to civil or political laws w\ld satisfy ! dem&s ( ! rationality ( human nature4 ,m5 h kn[n = a long "t t x is n s5sible to obey a law ( ! correctness ( :i* !re c be any d\bt1 & s !y _c help b suff]1 if !y obey a law ! rationality & obligator9ess ( :i* !y d n ackn[l$ge4 ,a man _c help b suff]1 :5 8 :ole life is det]m9$ 9 advance by laws :i* he mu/ obey "u ! m5ace ( puni%m5t1 & 9 ! rationality & ju/ice ( :i* he does n believe1 & ! unnaturalness1 cruelty1 inju/ice ( :i* he cle>ly recognizes4 ,we recognize ! uselessness ( cu/om-h\ses & import duties1 & we mu/ pay ! duties2 we recognize ! uselessness ( ! exp5ses = ! support ( royal c\rts & _m gov]nm5tal (fices2 we recognize ! h>mfulness ( ! *ur* propag&a1 & we mu/ contribute to ! support ( ^! in/itutions2 we recognize ! cruelty & unscrupul\sness ( ! p5alties impos$ by c\rts ( ju/ice1 & we mu/ take "p 9 !m2 we recognize ! irregul>ity & h>mfulness ( ! di/ribution ( l&-own]%ip1 & we mu/ submit to x2 we d n recognize ! indisp5sabl5ess ( armies & ( w>1 & mu/ be> t]rible burd5s = ! ma9t5ance ( armies & ! wag+ ( w>s1 & s =?4 ,b ^! contradictions are z no?+ 9 comp>ison ) ! contradiction :i* has n[ aris5 among m5 9 _! int]national relations1 & :i*1 "u ?reat ( ru9+ bo? human reason & human life1 dem&s a solution4 ,?is is ! contradiction betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian consci5ce & w>4 ,we are all ,*ri/ian nations1 :o live ! same spiritual life1 s t e good1 fruitful ?\ght1 :i* spr+s up 9 "o corn] ( ! e>?1 is at once communicat$ to ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1 evok+ simil> s5sations ( joy & pride1 indep5d5tly ( nationality2 we1 :o n only love ! ?9k]s1 b5efactors1 poets1 s*ol>s ( o!r nations1 b also pride ourselves on ! exploit ( a ,dami51 z ?\gh x 7 our own2 we1 :o j love ! m5 ( o!r nationalities1--! ,fr5*1 ! ,g]mans1 ! ,am]icans1 ! ,engli%2 we1 :o n only respect _! qualities1 b rejoice :5 we meet !m1 :o give !m a smile ( recognition1 :o n only c\ld n reg>d a w> ) !m z some?+ to be pr\d (1 b :o c\ld n ev5 ?9k )\t horror t any disagreem5t may arise betwe5 ^! m5 & u1--we are all call$ to take "p 9 murd]1 :i* mu/ inevitably take place1 to-morr[1 if n to-day4 ,x 0 all v well = a ,jew1 a ,greek1 a ,roman n only to def5d ! indep5d5ce ( 8 nation by means ( murd]1 b by ! means ( murd] also to cause o!r nations to submit to him1 = he believ$ firmly t 8 nation 0 ! "o true1 good1 k9d nation1 :i* 0 lov$ by ,god1 & t all ! o!r nations 7 ,phili/9es1 b>b>ians4 ,ev5 ! m5 ( ! ,middle ,ages & ! m5 ( ! end ( ! la/ & ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury c\ld h believ$ s4 ,b we1 no matt] h[ mu* we may be teas$ to d s1 c no long] believe 9 ?is1 & ?is contradiction is s t]rible = ! m5 ( our "t t x is impossible to live1 if we d n de/roy x4 ,we live 9 a "t :i* is full ( contradictions1 ,c\nt ,komrovski1 pr(essor ( int]national law1 writes 9 8 le>n$ treatise4 ,9 ! press ( all c\ntries !re is con/antly %[n a univ]sal t5d5cy t[>d peace1 t[>d its necessity = all nations4 ,9 ! same s5se express !mselves ! repres5tatives ( gov]nm5ts1 z private individuals & z (ficial organs1 9 p>liam5t>y debates1 9 diplomatic ex*anges ( op9ion1 & ev5 9 int]national treaties4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ! gov]nm5ts annually increase ! milit>y =ces ( _! c\ntries1 impose new taxes1 make loans1 & leave to future g5]ations1 z a legacy1 ! obligation to be> ! blund]s ( ! pres5t s5seless politics4 ,:at a cry+ contradiction betwe5 words & de$s6 ,( c\rse1 ! gov]nm5ts1 to ju/ify ^! measures1 po9t to ! exclusively def5sive "* ( all ^! exp5ditures & armam5ts1 b none ! less x rema9s a puzzle = e unbiass$ man1 :5ce we are to expect attacks1 s9ce all ! great p[]s unanim\sly 9 _! politics pursue ! "o aim ( def5ce4 ,9 reality ?is looks z ?\gh ea* ( ^! p[]s wait$ e mom5t to be attack$ by ano!r1 & ^! are ! consequ5ces1--univ]sal di/ru/ & a pret]natural endeav\r ( "o p[] to surpass ! =ce ( ! o!rs4 ,su* an emulation 9 itself increases ! dang] ( w>3 ! nations _c = any l5g? ( "t /& ! int5sifi$ arm+1 & soon] or lat] w pref] w> to all ! disadvantages ( ! pres5t condition & con/ant m5ace4 ,?us ! mo/ insignificant cause w be suffici5t to make ! fire ( a univ]sal w> flame up 9 ! :ole ( ,europe4 ,x is incorrect to ?9k t su* a crisis c cure u ( ! political & economical calamities :i* oppress u4 ,exp]i5ce f ! w>s :i* h be5 wag$ 9 rec5t ye>s tea*es u t e w> has only %>p5$ ! ho/ility ( ! nations1 increas$ ! burd5 & ! un5durabl5ess ( ! pressure ( milit>ism1 & made ! politico-economic condition ( ,europe m hopeless & complex4 ,mod]n ,europe keeps "u arms an active army ( n9e millions ( m51 writes ,enrico ,f]ri1 & fifte5 millions ( res]ves1 exp5d+ on !m f\r milli>ds ( francs p] ye>4 ,by arm+ itself m & m1 x p>alyzes ! s\rces ( ! social & ! individual welf>e1 & may easily be comp>$ to a man :o1 to provide himself ) a gun1 condemns himself to anmia1 at ! same "t wa/+ all 8 /r5g? = ! purpose ( mak+ use ( ! v gun ) :i* he is provid+ himself1 & "u ! burd5 ( :i* he w f9ally fall4 ,! same 0 said by ,*>les ,butt1#aa 9 8 spee* :i* he deliv]$ 9 ,london be=e ! ,association = ! ,re=m & ,codification ( ! ,law ( ,nations1 ,july #bf1 #ahhg4 ,aft] po9t+ out ! same n9e millions & ov] ( ! active armies & sev5te5 millions ( res]ves1 & ! enorm\s exp5ses ( ! gov]nm5ts = ! support ( ^! armies & equipm5ts1 he says3 ,b ?is =ms only a small "p ( ! actual co/1 = besides ! figures m5tion$1 :i* con/itute m]ely ! w> budgets ( ! nations1 we h to take into acc\nt ! enorm\s loss to society by ! )drawal ( s _m able-bodi$ m5 444 f ! occupations ( productive indu/ry1 toge!r ) ! prodigi\s capital inve/$ 9 all w>like prep>ations & appliances1 & :i* is absolutely unproductive4444 ,"o necess>y result ( ! exp5diture on w>s & prep>ations = w> is ! /eady gr[? ( national debts4444 ,! aggregate national debts ( ,europe1 by f> ! l>g] proportion ( :i* has be5 contract$ = w> purposes1 am\nt at ! pres5t "t to #d1fhj1jjj1jjj4 #aa ,n ,*>les ,butt1 b ,h5ry ,ri*>d4 ,! same ,komrovski says 9 ano!r place3 ,we are liv+ 9 a h>d "t4 ,ev]y:]e d we he> compla9ts z to ! slackness ( bus9ess & indu/ry & 9 g5]al z to ! bad economic conditions3 p po9t out ! h>d conditions ( ! life ( ! lab\r+ classes & ! univ]sal impov]i%m5t ( ! masses4 ,b1 9 spite ( x1 ! gov]nm5ts1 9 _! endeav\r to ma9ta9 _! indep5d5ce1 rea* ! extreme limits ( madness4 ,ev]y:]e !y inv5t new taxes & impo/s1 & ! f9ancial oppression ( ! nations kn[s no limits4 ,if we look at ! budgets ( ! ,european /ates = ! la/ "o hundr$ ye>s1 we %all fir/ ( all be /ruck by _! con/antly progressive & rapid gr[?4 ,h[ c we expla9 ?is extraord9>y ph5om5on1 :i* soon] or lat] ?reat5s u ) inevitable bankruptcy8 ,?is is inconte/ably due to ! exp5ditures caus$ by ! ma9t5ance ( an army1 :i* swall[ "o-?ird & ev5 "o-half ( ! budgets ( ! ,european /ates4 ,:at is mo/ lam5table 9 connection ) x is ?is1 t no end c be =ese5 to ?is increase ( ! budgets & impov]i%m5t ( ! masses4 ,:at is socialism1 if n a prote/ aga9/ ?is abnormal condition1 9 :i* ! great] "p ( ! population ( our "p ( ! _w f9ds itself8 ,we ru9 ourselves1 says ,fr$]ic ,passy1 9 a note read at ! la/ ,congress 7#ahij7 ( ,univ]sal ,peace1 at ,london1 9 prep>+ ! means = tak+ "p 9 ! mad but*]ies ( ! future1 or 9 pay+ ! int]e/s ( debts bequea!d to u by ! mad & culpable but*]ies ( ! pa/4 ,we die ( />vation1 9 ord] to be able to kill "o ano!r (f4 ,f>!r on1 speak+ ( h[ ,france looks ^u ?is subject1 he says3 ,we believe t "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,decl>ation ( ! rights ( man & ( a citiz5 x is "t to recognize ! rights ( nations & to r5\nce = ev] all ^! ent]prises ( =ce & viol5ce1 :i*1 "u ! "n ( conque/s1 are real crimes aga9/ humanity1 & :i*1 :atev] ! ambition ( ! sov]eigns or ! pride ( ! races 444 weak5 ev5 ^? :o seem to pr(it f !m4 ,i am always v mu* surpris$ at ! way religion is c>ri$ on 9 ?is c\ntry1 says ,sir ,wilfrid ,lawson1 at ! same ,congress4 ,y s5d a boy to ! ,sunday s*ool1 & y tell him1 ',my de> boy1 y mu/ love y\r enemies2 if any boy /rikes y1 don't /rike him aga92 try to re=m him by lov+ him4' ,well1 ! boy /ays 9 ! ,sunday s*ool till he is f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s ( age1 & !n 8 fri5ds say1 ',put him 9 ! army4' ,:at has he to d 9 ! army8 ,:y1 n to love 8 enemies1 b :5ev] he sees an enemy to run him ?r\gh ! body ) a bayonet4 ,t is ! nature ( all religi\s tea*+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i d n ?9k t t is a v good way ( c>ry+ out ! precepts ( religion4 ,i ?9k if x is a good ?+ = ! boy to love 8 enemy1 x is a good ?+ = ! man to love 8 enemy4 ,& f>!r3 ,! nations ( ,europe 444 keep some:]e ab\t tw5ty-eight millions ( arm$ m5 to settle qu>rels by kill+ "o ano!r1 in/ead ( by argu+4 ,t is :at ! ,*ri/ian nations ( ! _w are do+ at ?is mom5t4 ,x is a v exp5sive way also2 = ?is publication :i* ,i saw made out t s9ce ! ye> #ahgb ^! nations _h sp5t ! almo/ incr$ible am\nt ( #a1ejj1jjj1jjj ( money 9 prep>+1 & settl+ _! qu>rels by kill+ "o ano!r4 ,n[ x seems to me t ) t /ate ( ?+s "o ( two positions mu/ be accept$3 ei!r t ,*ri/ianity is a failure or1 t ^? :o pr(ess to exp\nd ,*ri/ianity h fail$ 9 exp\nd+ x prop]ly4 ,until our ironclads are )drawn1 & our army disb&$1 we are n entitl$ to call ourselves a ,*ri/ian nation1 says ,mr4 ,j4 ,j[et ,wilson4 ,9 a discussion :i* arose 9 connection ) ! "q ( ! obligator9ess ( ,*ri/ian pa/ors to prea* aga9/ w>1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,d4 ,b>tlett said1 among o!r ?+s3 ,if ,i und]/& ! ,scriptures1 ,i say t m5 are only play+ ) ,*ri/ianity :5 !y ignore ?is "q1 t is1 say no?+ ab\t w>4 ,i h liv$ a longi% life1 ,i h he>d _m s]mons1 & ,i c say )\t any exagg]ation t ,i nev] he>d univ]sal peace recomm5d$ f ! pulpit half a doz5 times 9 my life4444 ,"s tw5ty ye>s ago ,i happ5$ to /& 9 a draw+-room :]e !re 7 =ty or fifty p1 & ,i d>$ to moot ! proposition t w> 0 incompatible ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y look$ ^u me z an arrant fanatic4 ,! idea t we c\ld get on )\t w> 0 reg>d$ z unmitigat$ weakness & folly4 ,9 ! same s5se spoke ! ,ca?olic ,abb ,def\rny3 ,"o ( ! fir/ precepts ( ?is et]nal law :i* burns 9 ! consci5ces ( m5 is ! "o :i* =bids tak+ ! life ( "o's l1 %$d+ human blood )\t j cause1 & )\t be+ con/ra9$ by necessity4 ,x is "o ( ^? laws :i* are mo/ indelibly engrav$ 9 ! human he>t4444 ,b if x is a "q ( w>1 t is1 ( ! %$d+ ( human blood 9 torr5ts1 ! m5 ( ! pres5t d n tr\ble !mselves ab\t a j cause4 ,^? :o take "p 9 x d n ?9k ( ask+ !mselves :e!r ^! innum]able murd]s are ju/if$ or n1 t is1 if ! w>s1 or :at goes by t "n1 are j or iniquit\s1 legal or illegal1 p]missible or crim9al 444 :e!r !y violate1 or n1 ! primordial law :i* prohibits homicide & murd] 444 )\t j cause4 ,b _! consci5ce is mute 9 ?is matt]4 ,w> has ceas$ = !m to be an act :i* has any?+ to d ) morality4 ,!y h no o!r joy1 9 ! fatigue & p]ils ( ! camp1 ?an t ( be+ victori\s1 & no o!r sadness ?an t ( be+ vanqui%$4444 ,d n tell me t !y s]ve _! c\ntry4 ,a long "t ago a great g5ius told y ^! words1 :i* h become prov]bial1 ',reject ju/ice1 & :at are ! empires b great societies ( brig&s8' ,& are n a b& ( brig&s !mselves small empires8 ,brig&s !mselves h c]ta9 laws or conv5tions by :i* !y are rul$4 ,!re1 too1 !y fight = ! conque/ ( booty & = ! hon\r ( ! b&4444 ,! pr9ciple ( ! in/itution 7he is talk+ ( ! e/abli%m5t ( an int]national tribunal7 is ?is1 t ! ,european nations %\ld /op be+ a nation ( ?ieves1 & ! armies gangs ( brig&s & ( pirates1 &1 ,i mu/ add1 ( slaves4 ,yes1 ! armies are gangs ( slaves1 slaves ( "o or two rul]s1 or "o or two m9i/]s1 :o dispose ( !m tyrannically1 )\t any o!r gu>antee1 we "k1 ?an a nom9al "o4 ,:at *>act]izes ! slave is ?is1 t he is 9 ! h&s ( 8 ma/] l a *attel1 a tool1 & no long] a man4 ,j s x is ) a soldi]1 an (fic]1 a g5]al1 :o m>* to murd] & to dea? )\t any c>e z to ju/ice1 by ! arbitr>y w ( m9i/]s4444 ,?us milit>y slav]y exi/s1 & x is ! wor/ ( slav]ies1 p>ticul>ly n[1 :5 by means ( en=c$ milit>y s]vice x puts ! *a9 ab\t ! necks ( all free & /rong m5 ( ! nations1 9 ord] to make ( !m tools ( murd]1 kill]s by pr(ession1 but*]s ( human fle%1 = ?is is ! only opus s]vile = :i* !y are *a9$ up & tra9$4444 ,rul]s1 to ! numb] ( two or ?ree 444 unit$ into a secret cab9et1 delib]ate )\t control & )\t m9utes :i* are int5d$ = publicity 444 consequ5tly )\t any gu>antee = ! consci5ce ( ^? :om !y s5d out to be kill$4 ,! prote/s aga9/ ! heavy arm+ d n date f our day1 says ,signor ,e4 ,t4 ,moneta4 ,li/5 to :at ,montesquieu wrote 9 8 "t4 ',france' 7y may sub/itute ! ^w ',europe'7 'w be ru9$ by ! milit>y4 ,a new malady has spread ?r\gh ,europe2 x has infect$ our pr9ces & has made !m keep a disproportionate numb] ( troops4 ,x has its exac]bations1 & x necess>ily becomes contagi\s1 because1 z soon z "o /ate increases :at x calls its troops1 ! o!rs sudd5ly increase !irs1 s t no?+ is ga9$ by x b ! common ru94 ',e mon>* keeps on a w> foot+ all ! troops :i* he might ne$ 9 case 8 p 7 9 dang] ( be+ ext]m9at$1 & ?is /ate ( t5sion1 ( all aga9/ all1 is call$ peace4 ,z a result1 ,europe is s ru9$ t if private individuals 7 9 ! condition 9 :i* ! p[]s are 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 ! ri*e/ ( !m w\ld n h any?+ to live on4 ,we are poor ) ! ri*es & ! comm]ce ( ! :ole univ]se4' ,?is 0 writt5 almo/ #aej ye>s ago2 ! picture seems to be made = to-day4 ,"o s+le ?+ has *ang$1--! sy/em ( gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! "t ( ,montesquieu1 & also aft]w>d1 !y us$ to say t ! cause = ! ma9t5ance ( great armies lay 9 ! absolute k+s1 :o wag$ w> 9 ! hope ( f9d+ 9 ! conque/s ! means = enri*+ _! private budgets & pass+ d[n to hi/ory 9 ! aureole ( glory4 ,!n !y said1 ',oh1 if ! peoples c\ld *oose !mselves ^? :o h ! "r to refuse ! gov]nm5ts soldi]s & money1 = !n ! politics ( w> w\ld come to an end4' ,we h to-day repres5tative gov]nm5ts 9 ne>ly all ( ,europe1 & none ! less ! exp5ditures = w> & = its prep>ation are increas$ 9 a frightful proportion4 ,evid5tly ! folly ( ! pr9ces has pass$ d[n to ! gov]n+ classes4 ,at ! pres5t "t !y no long] make w> because a pr9ce 0 disrespectful to a c\rtesan1 z su* ?+s happ5$ 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 b by exagg]at+ ! respectable s5tim5ts1 l t ( ! national dignity & ( patriotism1 by excit+ public op9ion aga9/ a neighb\r+ nation1 !re w come a day :5 x w be suffici5t to say1 ?\gh ! in=mation may n be true1 t ! ambassador ( y\r gov]nm5t 0 n receiv$ by ! *ief ( a /ate1 9 ord] to make break =? ! mo/ t]rible & disa/r\s ( w>s ev] se54 ,at ! pres5t "t ,europe keeps "u arms m soldi]s ?an !re 7 9 ! "t ( ,napoleon's great w>s4 ,all citiz5s1 ) few exceptions1 are oblig$ on our cont95t to pass sev]al ye>s 9 ! b>racks4 ,!y build =tresses1 con/ruct ars5als & %ips1 con/antly manufacture arms1 :i* aft] a:ile h to be replac$ by o!rs1 because sci5ce1 :i* ought always to be direct$ t[>d ! well-be+ ( m51 un=tunately l5ds its aid to works ( de/ruction1 inv5ts at e in/ant new eng9es = kill+ great masses ( m5 z rapidly z possible4 ,& 9 ord] to ma9ta9 s _m soldi]s & to make su* va/ prep>ations = murd]1 !y sp5d ye>ly hundr$s ( millions1 t is1 :at w\ld be suffici5t = ! education ( ! p1 = ! execution ( ! greate/ works ( public utility1 & w\ld furni% ! means = solv+ pacifically ! social "q4 ,europe1 !re=e1 f9ds itself1 9 spite ( ! sci5tific conque/s1 9 a condition z ?\gh x 7 /ill liv+ 9 ! wor/ times ( ! f]oci\s ,middle ,ages4 ,all m5 compla9 ( ?is situation1 :i* is n yet w>1 b :i* is n peace ei!r1 & ev]ybody w\ld l to get out ( x4 ,! *iefs ( gov]nm5ts prote/ t !y want peace1 & x is a matt] ( emulation betwe5 !m z to :o w make ! mo/ solemn pacific decl>ations4 ,b on ! same day1 or ! day foll[+1 !y pres5t to ! legislative *amb]s propositions = increas+ ! /&+ army1 & !y say t x is = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ & assur+ peace t !y take s _m precautions4 ,b x is n ! k9d ( peace we l2 nor are ! nations deceiv$4 ,true peace has reciprocal confid5ce = its basis1 :ile ^! enorm\s prep>ations betray a pr(\nd di/ru/1 if n a conceal$ ho/ility1 betwe5 ! /ates4 ,:at w\ld we say ( a man :o1 wi%+ to prove 8 s5tim5ts ( fri5d%ip = 8 neighb\r1 %\ld invite him to discuss "s "q ) him1 :ile he himself is hold+ a revolv] 9 8 h&8 ,x is ?is flagrant contradiction betwe5 ! pacific decl>ations & ! w>like policy ( ! gov]nm5ts t all good citiz5s want to see /opp$ at any price & z quickly z possible4 ,!y m>vel :y annually sixty ?\s& suicides are committ$ 9 ,europe1 & ^? only ! ones t are record$1 :i* excludes ,russia & ,turkey2 b :at we ought to m>vel at is n t !re are s _m suicides1 b s few4 ,e man ( our "t1 if he grasps ! contradiction betwe5 8 consci\sness & 8 life1 is 9 a v desp]ate condition4 ,to say no?+ ( all ! o!r contradictions betwe5 life & consci\sness1 :i* fill ! life ( a man ( our "t1 ! contradiction betwe5 ?is la/ milit>y condition1 9 :i* ,europe is1 & ! ,*ri/ian pr(ession ( ,europe is en\gh to make a man despair1 d\bt ! rationality ( human nature1 & put an end to 8 life 9 ?is mad & bea/ly _w4 ,?is contradiction1 ! milit>y contradiction1 :i* is ! qu9tess5ce ( all o!rs1 is s t]rible t a man c live & take "p 9 x only by n ?9k+ ( x1 by be+ able to =get x4 ,h[ is ?is8 ,we are all ,*ri/ians1--we n only pr(ess love ( "o ano!r1 b actually live "o common life1 ! pulse ( our life beats ) ! same beats1 we aid "o ano!r1 le>n f "o ano!r1 m & m approa* "o ano!r1 = a common joy6 ,9 ?is clos] union lies ! mean+ ( ! :ole ( life1--& to-morr[ "s madd5$ head ( a gov]nm5t w say some?+ fooli%1 ano!r man l him w answ] him1 & ,i %all g1 mak+ myself liable to be kill$1 to kill m5 :o n only h done me no h>m1 b :om ,i love4 ,& ?is is n a di/ant accid5t1 b :at we are prep>+ ourselves =1 & x is n only a possible1 b ev5 an inevitable ev5t4 ,x is en\gh to und]/& ?is cle>ly1 9 ord] to lose our m9d & %oot ourselves4 ,& x is precisely :at happ5s ) especial frequ5cy among ! milit>y4 ,we ne$ b ?9k = a mom5t1 9 ord] t we may come to ! necessity ( su* an end+4 ,x is only ?us t we c expla9 t t]rible t5sion ) :i* ! m5 ( our "t incl9e to intoxicate !mselves ) w9e1 tobacco1 opium1 c>ds1 ! read+ ( newspap]s1 travell+1 all k9ds ( spectacles1 & amusem5ts4 ,all ^! ?+s are done l s]i\s1 important affairs4 ,!y are inde$ important affairs4 ,if !re exi/$ no ext]nal means = dimm+ _! consci5ces1 "o-half ( ! m5 w\ld at once %oot !mselves1 because to live contr>y to "o's reason is a mo/ intol]able /ate1 & all m5 ( our "t are 9 su* a /ate4 ,all m5 ( our "t live 9 a con/ant cry+ contradiction betwe5 consci\sness & life4 ,^! contradictions are express$ 9 ! economic & political relations1 b mo/ />tl+ is ?is contradiction betwe5 ! recognition ( ! law ( ! bro!rhood ( m51 z pr(ess$ by ,*ri/ians1 & ! necessity1 9 :i* all m5 are plac$ by ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 ( be+ prep>$ = ho/ility1 = murd]1--( be+ at ! same "t a ,*ri/ian & a gladiator4 ,,vi4 ,! removal ( ! contradiction betwe5 life & consci\sness is possible 9 two ways1--by a *ange ( life or by a *ange ( consci\sness1 & 9 ! *oice ( "o ( ! two !re c be no d\bt4 ,a man may /op do+ :at he consid]s bad1 b he _c /op consid]+ bad :at is bad4 ,ev5 s ! :ole ( humanity may /op do+ :at x consid]s bad1 b is p[]less1 n only to *ange1 b ev5 = a "t to ret>d ! all-elucidat+ & exp&+ consci\sness ( :at is bad & :at1 !re=e1 ought n to be4 ,x w\ld seem t ! *oice betwe5 ! *ange ( life & t ( ! consci\sness ought to be cle> & above d\bt4 ,& s1 x w\ld seem1 x is indisp5sable = ! ,*ri/ian humanity ( our "t to r5\nce ! pagan =ms ( life1 :i* x condemns1 & to build up its life on ! ,*ri/ian f\ndations1 :i* x pr(esses4 ,b s x w\ld be1 if !re did n exi/ ! law ( in]tia1 :i* is z inv>iable 9 ! lives ( m5 & nations z 9 inanimate bodies1 & :i* is = m5 express$ by ! psy*ological law1 s well /at$ 9 ! ,gospel ) ! words1 & did n walk t[>d ! light1 because _! de$s 7 evil4 ,?is law consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! majority ( m5 d n ?9k 9 ord] to "k ! tru?1 b 9 ord] to assure !mselves t ! life :i* !y lead1 & :i* is agreeable & habitual to !m1 is ! "o :i* co9cides ) ! tru?4 ,slav]y 0 contr>y to all ! moral pr9ciples :i* 7 prea*$ by ,plato & ,ari/otle1 & yet nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r saw ?is1 because ! negation ( slav]y de/roy$ all t life :i* !y liv$4 ,! same happ5s 9 our _w4 ,! division ( m5 into two ca/es1 l ! viol5ce ( ! /ate & ( ! army1 is repugnant to all ^? moral pr9ciples by :i* our _w lives1 & at ! same "t ! lead+ m5 ( culture ( our "t d n seem to see x4 ,! majority1 if n all1 ( ! cultur$ p ( our "t unconsci\sly try to ma9ta9 ! previ\s social concept ( life :i* ju/ifies _! position1 & to conceal f !mselves & f m5 its inadequacy1 &1 above all1 ! necessity ( ! condition ( ! ,*ri/ian life-conception1 :i* de/roys ! :ole /ructure ( ! exi/+ life4 ,!y /rive to ma9ta9 ! ord]s t are bas$ on ! social life-conception1 b !mselves d n believe 9 x1 because x is obsolete1 & x is impossible to believe 9 x any long]4 ,all lit]ature1 ! philosophic1 ! political1 & t ( ! belles-lettres1 ( our "t is /rik+ 9 ?is respect4 ,:at a weal? ( ideas1 =ms1 col\rs1 :at erudition1 elegance1 abundance ( ?\ghts1 & :at total abs5ce ( s]i\s cont5ts1 & ev5 :at fe> ( e def9it5ess ( ?\ght & ( its expression6 ,circumlocutions1 allegories1 je/s1 g5]al1 extremely broad reflections1 & no?+ simple1 cle>1 p]t95t to ! matt]1 t is1 to ! "q ( life4 ,b x is n en\gh t !y write & say graceful vapidities2 !y ev5 write & say abom9able1 vile ?+s1 !y 9 ! mo/ ref9$ mann] adduce reflections :i* take m5 back to primeval savag]y1 to ! f\ndations1 n only ( pagan1 b ev5 ( animal life1 :i* we outliv$ z f> back z five ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,x c1 inde$1 n be o!rwise4 ,9 keep+ %y ( ! ,*ri/ian life-conception1 :i* = "s impairs only ! habitual ord]1 & = o!rs bo? ! habitual & ! advantage\s ord]1 m5 _c help b return to ! pagan concept ( life1 & to ! tea*+s :i* are bas$ on !m4 ,9 our "t !y n only prea* patriotism & ari/ocratism1 z x 0 prea*$ two ?\s& ye>s ago1 b !y ev5 prea* ! co>se/ epicurism1 animality1 ) ?is "o diff]5ce1 t ! m5 :o !n prea*$ x believ$ 9 :at !y prea*$1 :ile n[ ! prea*]s !mselves d n believe 9 :at !y say1 & !y _c believe1 because :at !y prea* no long] has any mean+4 ,x is impossible to rema9 9 "o place1 :5 ! soil is 9 motion4 ,if y d n g ahead1 y fall beh9d4 ,&1 ?\gh x is /range & t]rible to say s1 ! cultur$ p ( our "t1 ! lead]s1 ) _! ref9$ reflections1 9 reality are dragg+ society back1 n ev5 to ! pagan /ate1 b to ! /ate ( primeval savag]y4 ,9 no?+ may ?is direction ( ! activity ( ! lead+ m5 ( our "t be se5 s cle>ly z 9 _! relation to ! ph5om5on 9 :i* 9 our "t ! :ole inadequacy ( ! social concept ( life has be5 express$ 9 a conc5trat$ =m1--9 _! relation to w>1 to univ]sal armam5ts1 & to univ]sal milit>y s]vice4 ,! indef9it5ess1 if n ! ins9c]ity1 ( ! relation ( ! cultur$ m5 ( our "t to ?is ph5om5on is /rik+4 ,! relation to ?is matt] 9 our cultur$ society is ?reefold3 "s look ^u ?is ph5om5on z some?+ accid5tal1 :i* arose f ! peculi> political condition ( ,europe1 & consid] x corrigible1 )\t ! *ange ( ! :ole /ructure ( life1 by means ( ext]nal1 diplomatic1 int]national measures2 o!rs look ^u ?is ph5om5on z ^u some?+ t]rible & cruel1 b inevitable & fatal1 l a disease or dea?2 o!rs aga9 calmly & coolly look ^u w> z an indisp5sable1 b5efic5t1 & !re=e desirable ph5om5on4 ,^! p look diff]5tly at ! matt]1 b all ( !m discuss w> z an incid5t :i* is q indep5d5t ( ! w ( m5 :o take "p 9 x1 & s d n ev5 admit t natural "q1 :i* pres5ts itself to e simple man1 ,mu/ ,i take "p 9 x8 ,accord+ to ! op9ion ( all ^! m51 ^! que/ions d n ev5 exi/1 & e p]son1 no matt] h[ he himself may look ^u w>1 mu/ 9 ?is respect slavi%ly submit to ! dem&s ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! relation ( ! fir/1 ( ^? :o see a salvation f w>s 9 diplomatic1 int]national measures1 is beautifully express$ 9 ! result ( ! la/ ,congress ( ,peace 9 ,london1 & 9 an article & lett]s conc]n+ w> by prom95t au?ors 9 ,no4 #h ( ! ,revue des ,revues = #ahia4 ,"h are ! results ( ! ,congress3 hav+ collect$ ! p]sonal or writt5 op9ions f le>n$ m5 all ov] ! _w1 ! ,congress began by a ,te ,deum 9 ! ,ca!dral1 & end$ ) a d9n] ) spee*es1 hav+ = ! p]iod ( five days li/5$ to a l>ge numb] ( spee*es1 & hav+ arriv$ at ! foll[+ resolutions3 #a4 ,! ,congress affirms its belief t ! bro!rhood ( man involves z a necess>y consequ5ce a bro!rhood ( nations1 9 :i* ! true int]e/s ( all are ackn[l$g$ to be id5tical4 #b4 ,! ,congress recognizes ! important influ5ce :i* ,*ri/ianity ex]cises ^u ! moral & political progress ( mank9d1 & e>ne/ly urges ^u m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 & o!r tea*]s ( religion & morality1 ! duty ( sett+ =? ! pr9ciples ( ,peace & ,good-w1 & recomm5ds t ! ?ird ,sunday 9 ,decemb] 9 ea* ye> be set ap>t = t purpose4 #c4 ,?is ,congress expresses its op9ion t all tea*]s ( hi/ory %\ld call ! att5tion ( ! "y to ! grave evils inflict$ on mank9d 9 all ages by w>1 & to ! fact t su* w> has be5 wag$1 z a rule1 = mo/ inadequate causes4 #d4 ,! ,congress prote/s aga9/ ! use ( milit>y ex]cises 9 connection ) ! physical ex]cises ( s*ool1 & sugge/s ! =mation ( brigades = sav+ life r ?an any ( a quasi-milit>y "*2 & x urges ! desirability ( impress+ on ! ,bo>d ( ,exam9]s1 :o =mulate ! que/ions = exam9ation1 ! propriety ( guid+ ! m9ds ( *ildr5 into ! pr9ciples ( ,peace4 #e4 ,! ,congress holds t ! doctr9e ( ! univ]sal rights ( man requires t aborig9al & weak] races %all be gu>d$ f inju/ice & fraud :5 br\ght into contact ) civiliz$ peoples1 alike z to _! t]ritories1 _! lib]ties1 & _! prop]ty1 & t !y %all be %ield$ f ! vices :i* are s preval5t among ! s-call$ advanc$ races ( m54 ,x fur!r expresses its conviction t !re %\ld be conc]t ( action among ! nations = ! accompli%m5t ( ^! ends4 ,! ,congress desires to express its he>ty appreciation ( ! conclusions arriv$ at by ! late ,anti-,slav]y ,conf]5ce1 held 9 ,brussels1 = ! amelioration ( ! condition ( ! peoples ( ,africa4 #f4 ,! ,congress believes t ! w>like prejudices & traditions :i* are /ill fo/]$ 9 ! v>i\s nationalities1 & ! misrepres5tations by lead]s ( public op9ion 9 legislative assemblies1 or ?r\gh ! press1 are n infrequ5tly indirect causes ( w>4 ,! ,congress is !re=e ( op9ion t ^! evils %\ld be c\nt]act$ by ! publication ( accurate /atem5ts & in=mation t w\ld t5d to ! removal ( misund]/&+ among nations1 & recomm5ds to ! ,int]-,p>liam5t>y ,committee ! importance ( consid]+ ! "q ( comm5c+ an int]national newspap]1 :i* %\ld h su* a purpose z "o ( its prim>y objects4 #g4 ,! ,congress proposes to ! ,int]-,p>liam5t>y ,conf]5ce t ! utmo/ support %\ld be giv5 to e project = ! unification ( weights & measures1 ( co9age1 t>iffs1 po/al & telegraphic arrangem5ts1 means ( transport1 etc41 :i* w\ld assi/ 9 con/itut+ a comm]cial1 indu/rial1 & sci5tific union ( ! peoples4 #h4 ,! ,congress1 9 view ( ! va/ moral & social influ5ce ( woman1 urges ^u e woman ?r\gh\t ! _w to su/a9 ! ?+s t make = peace2 z o!rwise %e incurs grave responsibilities = ! cont9uance ( ! sy/ems ( w> & milit>ism4 #i4 ,?is ,congress expresses ! hope t ! ,f9ancial ,re=m ,association1 & o!r ,simil> ,societies 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 %\ld unite 9 convok+ at an e>ly date a ,conf]5ce to consid] ! be/ means ( e/abli%+ equitable comm]cial relations betwe5 /ates by ! r$uction ( import duties4 ,! ,congress feels t x c affirm t ! :ole ( ,europe desires ,peace1 & is impati5tly wait+ = ! mom5t :5 x %all see ! end ( ^? cru%+ armam5ts :i*1 "u ! plea ( def5ce1 become 9 _! turn a dang]1 by keep+ alive mutual di/ru/1 & are at ! same "t ! cause ( t economic di/urbance :i* /&s 9 ! way ( settl+ 9 a satisfactory mann] ! problems ( lab\r & pov]ty1 :i* %\ld take prec$5ce ( all o!rs4 #aj4 ,! ,congress1 recogniz+ t a g5]al dis>mam5t w\ld be ! be/ gu>antee ( ,peace1 & w\ld lead to ! solution1 9 ! g5]al int]e/1 ( ^? que/ions :i* mu/ n[ divide /ates1 expresses ! wi% t a ,congress ( ,repres5tatives ( all ! /ates ( ,europe may be assembl$ z soon z possible1 to consid] ! means ( accept+ a gradual g5]al dis>mam5t4 #aa4 ,! ,congress1 consid]+ ! timidity ( ! s+le ,p[]s or o!r causes might delay indef9itely ! convocation ( ! above-m5tion$ ,congress1 is ( op9ion t ! ,gov]nm5t :i* %\ld fir/ dismiss any consid]able numb] ( soldi]s w\ld conf] a signal b5efit on ,europe & mank9d1 because x w\ld oblige o!r ,gov]nm5ts1 urg$ on by public op9ion1 to foll[ its example1 & by ! moral =ce ( ?is accompli%$ fact1 w\ld h increas$ r ?an dim9i%$ ! condition ( its national def5ce4 #ab4 ,?is ,congress1 consid]+ ! "q ( dis>mam5t1 z well z ! ,peace "q g5]ally1 dep5ds ^u public op9ion1 recomm5ds ! ,peace ,societies "h repres5t$1 & all fri5ds ( ,peace1 to c>ry on an active propag&a among ! p1 especially at ! "t ( ,p>liam5t>y elections1 9 ord] t ! electors %\ld give _! vote to ^? c&idates :o h includ$ 9 _! programme ,peace1 ,dis>mam5t1 & ,arbitration4 #ac4 ,! ,congress congratulates ! fri5ds ( ,peace on ! resolution adopt$ by ! ,int]national ,am]ican ,conf]5ce at ,wa%+ton 9 ,april la/1 by :i* x 0 recomm5d$ t arbitration %\ld be obligatory 9 all controv]sies conc]n+ diplomatic & consul> privileges1 b\nd>ies1 t]ritories1 indemnities1 "r ( navigation1 & ! validity1 con/ruction1 & en=cem5t ( treaties1 & 9 all o!r cases1 :atev] _! orig91 nature1 or occasion1 except only ^? :i*1 9 ! judgm5t ( any ( ! nations involv$ 9 ! controv]sy1 may imp]il its indep5d5ce4 #ad4 ,! ,congress respectfully recomm5ds ?is resolution to ! att5tion ( ! /atesm5 ( ,europe1 & expresses ! ard5t desire t treaties 9 simil> t]ms be spe$ily ent]$ into betwe5 ! o!r nations ( ! _w4 #ae4 ,! ,congress expresses its satisfaction at ! adoption by ! ,spani% ,s5ate1 on ,june #af? la/1 ( a project ( law au?oriz+ ! ,gov]nm5t to negotiate g5]al or special treaties ( arbitration = ! settlem5t ( all disputes1 except ^? relat+ to ! indep5d5ce & int]nal gov]nm5t ( ! /ate affect$2 also at ! adoption ( resolutions to a l effect by ! ,norwegian ,/or?+1 & by ! ,italian ,*amb]1 on ,july #aa?4 #af4 ,! ,congress addresses (ficial communications to ! pr9cipal religi\s1 political1 comm]cial1 lab\r1 & peace organizations 9 civiliz$ c\ntries1 reque/+ !m to s5d petitions to gov]nm5tal au?orities ( _! respective c\ntries1 pray+ t measures be tak5 = ! =mation ( suitable tribunals = ! adjudicature ( any int]national que/ions1 s z to avoid ! resort to w>4 #ag4 ,see+ 7a7 t ! object pursu$ by all ,peace ,societies is ! e/abli%m5t ( juridical ord] betwe5 nations2 7b7 t neutralization by int]national treaties con/itutes a /ep t[>d ?is juridical /ate1 & less5s ! numb] ( di/ricts 9 :i* w> c be c>ri$ on2 ! ,congress recomm5ds a l>g] ext5sion ( ! rule ( neutralization1 & expresses ! wi%3 7a7 t all treaties :i* at pres5t assure to a c]ta9 /ate ! b5efit ( neutrality rema9 9 =ce1 or1 if necess>y1 be am5d$ 9 a mann] to r5d] ! neutrality m effective1 ei!r by ext5d+ neutralization to ! :ole ( ! /ate1 ( :i* a "p only may be neutraliz$1 or by ord]+ ! demolition ( =tresses :i* con/itute r a p]il ?an a gu>antee ( neutrality2 7b7 t new treaties1 provid$ !y are 9 h>mony ) ! wi%es ( ! population1 be conclud$ = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! neutralization ( o!r /ates4 #ah4 ,! ,sub-,committee ( ! ,congress recomm5ds3 ,i4 ,t ! next ,congress be held imm$iately be=e or imm$iately aft] ! next session ( ! ,int]-,p>liam5t>y ,conf]5ce1 & at ! same place4 ,,ii4 ,t ! "q ( an int]national ,peace ,emblem be po/pon$ s9e die4 ,,iii4 ,! adoption ( ! foll[+ resolution3 7a7 ,resolv$1 t we express our satisfaction at ! =mal & (ficial ov]tures ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 address$ to ! highe/ repres5tatives ( ea* *ur* organization 9 ,*ri/5dom1 invit+ ! same to unite ) itself 9 a g5]al conf]5ce1 ! object ( :i* %all be to promote ! sub/itution ( int]national arbitration = w>2 7b7 t ?is ,congress1 assembl$ 9 ,london f ! #ad? to ! #ai? ,july1 desires to express its pr(\nd rev]5ce = ! memory ( ,aurelio ,saffi1 ! great ,italian juri/1 a memb] ( ! ,committee ( ! ,int]national ,league ( ,peace & ,lib]ty4 ,,iv4 ,t ! ,memorial to ! v>i\s ,heads ( ,civiliz$ ,/ates1 adopt$ by ?is ,congress & sign$ by ! ,presid5t1 %\ld s f> z practicable be pres5t$ to ea* p[]1 by an influ5tial deputation4 ,v4 ,t ! ,organization ,committee be emp[]$ to make ! ne$ful v]bal em5dations 9 ! pap]s & resolutions pres5t$4 ,,vi4 ,t ! foll[+ resolutions be adopt$3 7a7 ,a resolution ( ?anks to ! ,presid5ts ( ! v>i\s sitt+s ( ! ,congress2 7b7 a resolution ( ?anks to ! ,*airman1 ! ,secret>y1 & ! ,memb]s ( ! ,bureau ( ! ,congress2 7c7 a resolution ( ?anks to ! conv5]s & memb]s ( ,sectional ,committees2 7d7 a resolution ( ?anks to ,rev4 ,cannon ,scott ,holl&1 ,rev4 ,doctor ,reu51 & ,rev4 ,j4 ,morgan ,gibbon1 = _! pulpit addresses be=e ! ,congress1 & t !y be reque/$ to furni% copies ( ! same = publication2 & also to ! ,au?orities ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ! ,city ,temple1 & ,/am=d ,hill ,congregational ,*ur* = ! use ( ^? build+s = public s]vices2 7e7 a lett] ( ?anks to ,h] ,maje/y = p]mission to visit ,w9dsor ,ca/le2 7f7 & also a resolution ( ?anks to ! ,"l ,mayor & ,lady ,mayoress1 to ,mr4 ,passmore ,edw>ds1 & o!r fri5ds1 :o _h ext5d$ _! hospitality to ! memb]s ( ! ,congress4 #ai4 ,?is ,congress places on record a he>tfelt expression ( gratitude to ,almighty ,god = ! rem>kable h>mony & concord :i* h *>act]iz$ ! meet+s ( ! ,assembly1 9 :i* s _m m5 & wom5 ( v>i$ nations1 cre$s1 tongues1 & races h ga!r$ 9 close/ cop]ation1 & 9 ! conclusion ( ! lab\rs ( ! ,congress2 x expresses its firm & un%ak5 belief 9 ! ultimate triumph ( ! cause ( ,peace & ( ! pr9ciples :i* h be5 advocat$ at ^! meet+s4 ,! fundam5tal idea ( ! ,congress is ?is1 t x is necess>y1 9 ! fir/ place1 to diffuse by all means possible ! conviction among m5 t w> is v unpr(itable = p & t peace is a great good1 & 9 ! second1 to act ^u ! gov]nm5ts1 impress+ !m ) ! sup]iority ( ! int]national tribunal ov] w>s1 &1 !re=e1 ! advantages & ! necessity ( dis>mam5t4 ,to atta9 ! fir/ end1 ! ,congress turns to ! tea*]s ( hi/ory1 to ! wom51 & to ! cl]gy ) ! advice t ! evil ( w> & ! good ( peace be prea*$ to m5 on e ?ird ,sunday 9 ,decemb]2 to atta9 ! second end1 ! ,congress addresses ! gov]nm5ts1 propos+ t !y dis>m & sub/itute arbitration = w>4 ,to prea* ! evil ( w> & ! good ( peace to m56 ,b ! evil ( w> & ! good ( peace are s well kn[n to m5 t1 s long z we h kn[n m51 ! be/ greet+ has be51 ,peace be ) y4 ,:at ne$ is !re1 !n1 9 prea*+8 ,n only ! ,*ri/ians1 b all ! pagans ?\s&s ( ye>s ago knew ! evil ( w> & ! good ( peace1--consequ5tly ! advice giv5 to ! prea*]s ( ! ,gospel to prea* on ! evil ( w> & ! good ( peace on e ?ird ,sunday 9 ,decemb] is q sup]flu\s4 ,a ,*ri/ian _c help b prea* ?is at all times1 on all ! days ( 8 life4 ,if ,*ri/ians & prea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity d n d s1 !re mu/ be causes = ?is1 & s long z ^! causes are n remov$1 no advice w be effective4 ,/ill less effective c be ! advice giv5 to ! gov]nm5ts1 to dismiss ! armies & sub/itute int]national tribunals = !m4 ,! gov]nm5ts !mselves "k v well all ! difficulty & burd5som5ess ( collect+ & ma9ta9+ armies1 & if1 9 spite ( x1 !y cont9ue ) t]rible ef=ts & t5sion to collect & ma9ta9 armies1 !y obvi\sly _c d o!rwise1 & ! advice ( ! ,congress _c *ange any?+4 ,b ! le>n$ d n want to see ?is1 & all hope to f9d a comb9ation by :i* ! gov]nm5ts1 :o produce ! w>s1 w limit !mselves4 ,is x possible to be fre$ f w>8 writes a le>n$ man 9 ! ,revue des ,revues4 ,all admit t :5 x breaks loose 9 ,europe1 its consequ5ces w be l a great incursion ( ! b>b>ians4 ,9 a =?com+ w> ! exi/5ce ( :ole nationalities w be at /ake1 & s x w be sangu9>y1 desp]ate1 cruel4 ,x is ^! consid]ations1 comb9$ ) ^? t]rible implem5ts ( w> :i* are at ! disposal ( mod]n sci5ce1 t are ret>d+ ! mom5t ( ! decl>ation ( w> & are ma9ta9+ ! exi/+ tempor>y ord] ( ?+s1 :i* might be prolong$ = an indef9ite "t1 if x 7 n = ^? t]rible exp5ses t oppress ! ,european nations & ?reat5 to br+ !m to no less] calamities ?an ^? :i* are produc$ by w>4 ,/>tl$ by ?is idea1 ! m5 ( ! v>i\s c\ntries h s\ght = a means = /opp+ or at lea/ mitigat+ ! consequ5ces ( ! t]rible slaught] :i* is m5ac+ u4 ,su* are ! que/ions t are prop\nd$ by ! ,congress soon to be held 9 ,rome & 9 pamphlets deal+ ) dis>mam5t4 ,un=tunately x is c]ta9 t ) ! pres5t /ructure ( ! majority ( ! ,european /ates1 :i* are remov$ f "o ano!r & are guid$ by v>i\s int]e/s1 ! complete cessation ( w> is a dream ) :i* x w\ld be dang]\s to console ourselves4 ,/ill1 "s m reasonable laws & regulations1 accept$ by all1 9 ^! duels ( ! nations might consid]ably r$uce ! horrors ( w>4 ,simil>ly ,utopian w\ld be ! hope ( dis>mam5t1 :i* is almo/ impossible1 f consid]ations ( a national "*1 :i* are intelligible to our read]s4 7,?is1 no d\bt1 means t ,france _c dis>m previ\s to av5g+ its wrongs47 ,public op9ion is n prep>$ = ! adoption ( projects ( dis>mam5t1 &1 besides1 ! int]national relations are n su* z to make _! adoption possible4 ,dis>mam5t1 dem&$ by "o nation ( ano!r1 is tantam\nt to a decl>ation ( w>4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be admitt$ t ! ex*ange ( views betwe5 ! int]e/$ nations w to a c]ta9 ext5t aid 9 ! int]national agreem5t & w make possible a consid]able dim9ution ( ! milit>y exp5ses1 :i* n[ oppress ! ,european nations at ! exp5se ( ! solution ( social que/ions1 ! necessity ( :i* is felt by e /ate individually1 ?reat5+ to provoke an int]nal w> 9 ! ef=t to av]t "o f )\t4 ,x is possible at lea/ to assume a dim9ution ( ! enorm\s exp5ses :i* are ne$$ 9 connection ) ! pres5t bus9ess ( w>1 :i* aims at ! possibility ( seiz+ ! adv]s>y's possessions )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs & giv+ a decisive battle a week aft] ! decl>ation ( w>4 ,:at is ne$$ is1 t /ates %\ld n be able to attack o!r /ates & 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs to seize ! possessions ( o!rs4 ,?is practical idea 0 express$ by ,maxime du ,camp1 & to ?is ! conclusion ( ! article is r$uc$4 ,m4 du ,camp's propositions are ^!3 7#a7 ,a diplomatic congress ought to meet e ye>4 7#b7 ,no w> c be decl>$ soon] ?an two mon?s aft] ! incid5t provok+ x4 7,! difficulty w be to det]m9e :i* incid5t x is t provokes ! w>1 because ) e w> !re are a v l>ge numb] ( su* incid5ts1 & x w\ld be necess>y to decide f :i* incid5t ! two mon?s are to be c\nt$47 7#c7 ,w> _c be decl>$ be=e x is submitt$ to ! vote ( ! nations prep>+ = x4 ,milit>y action _c beg9 soon] ?an a mon? aft] ! decl>ation ( w>4 ,w> _c be begun 444 mu/ 444 & s =?4 ,b :o w see to x t w> _c be begun8 ,:o w see to x t m5 mu/ d s & s8 ,:o w compel ! p[] to wait until ! prop] "t8 ,all ! o!r p[]s ne$ j z mu* to be mod]at$ & plac$ )9 b\nds & compell$4 ,:o w d ! compell+8 & h[8--,public op9ion4--,b if !re is a public op9ion :i* c compel a p[] to wait = a giv5 "t1 ! same public op9ion c compel ! p[] n to beg9 ! w> at all4 ,b1 !y reply to all ?is1 we c h su* a balance ( =ces1 pond]ation des =ces1 t ! p[]s w support "o ano!r4 ,?is has be5 tri$ & is be+ tri$ ev5 n[4 ,su* 7 ! ,holy ,alliance1 ! ,league ( ,peace1 & s =?4 ,b if all %\ld agree to x8 we are told4 ,if all %\ld agree to x1 !re w\ld be no w>1 & !re w\ld be no ne$ = supreme tribunals & c\rts ( arbitration4 ,arbitration w take ! place ( w>4 ,! que/ions w be decid$ by a c\rt ( arbitration4 ,! ,alabama "q 0 decid$ by a c\rt ( arbitration1 x 0 propos$ to h ! "q ab\t ! ,c>ol9e ,isl&s submitt$ to ! arbitration ( ! ,pope4 ,switz]l&1 & ,belgium1 & ,d5m>k1 & ,holl&1--all h decl>$ t !y pref] ! decisions ( a c\rt ( arbitration to w>4 ,monaco1 x seems1 also decl>$ itself 9 ?is way4 ,:at is a pity is1 t ,g]many1 ,russia1 ,au/ria1 ,france h n yet made su* decl>ations4 ,x is wond]ful h[ m5 c deceive !mselves4 ,! gov]nm5ts w decide to submit _! diff]5ces to a c\rt ( arbitration & s w disb& _! armies4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ,russia & ,pol&1 betwe5 ,engl& & ,irel&1 betwe5 ,au/ria & ,bohemia1 betwe5 ,turkey & ! ,slavs1 betwe5 ,france & ,g]many w be decid$ by volunt>y cons5t4 ,?is is ! same z ?\gh x %\ld be propos$ t m]*ants & bank]s %\ld n sell any?+ at a high] price ?an at :at !y h b\ght ! articles1 %\ld busy !mselves ) ! di/ribution ( weal? )\t pr(it1 & %\ld aboli% ! money :i* has ?us become useless4 ,b comm]ce & ! bank+ indu/ry consi/ 9 no?+ b sell+ at a high] price ?an t at :i* ! pur*ases are made1 & s ! proposition t articles %\ld n be sold except at a pur*ase price1 & t money %\ld be aboli%$1 is tantam\nt to a proposition t !y %\ld aboli% !mselves4 ,! same is true ( ! gov]nm5ts4 ,! proposition made to ! gov]nm5ts t no viol5ce be us$1 & t ! diff]5ces be decid$ on _! m]its1 is a proposition t ! gov]nm5t z su* %\ld aboli% itself1 & to ?is no gov]nm5t c cons5t4 ,le>n$ m5 ga!r 9 societies 7!re are _m su* societies1 m ?an a hundr$ ( !m71 congresses are call$ 7lately su* met at ,p>is & ,london1 & "o w soon meet at ,rome71 spee*es are made1 p d9e1 make toa/s1 publi% p]iodicals1 :i* are devot$ to ! cause1 & 9 all ( !m x is prov$ t ! t5sion ( ! nations1 :o are compell$ to support millions ( troops1 has rea*$ ! utmo/ limit1 & t ?is armam5t contradicts all ! aims1 prop]ties1 & desires ( all ! nations1 b t1 if a lot ( pap] is cov]$ ) writ+1 & a lot ( spee*es are made1 x is possible to make all p agree & to cause !m n to h any oppos+ int]e/s1 & !n !re w be no w>4 ,:5 ,i 0 a little fell[1 ,i 0 assur$ t to cat* a bird x 0 j necess>y to p\r "s salt on its tail4 ,i w5t out ) ! salt to ! birds1 & imm$iately conv9c$ myself t1 if ,i c\ld get ne> en\gh to p\r ! salt on a bird's tail1 ,i c\ld cat* x1 & ,i und]/ood t !y 7 mak+ fun ( me4 ,x is ! same t mu/ be und]/ood by ^? :o read books & pamphlets on c\rts ( arbitration & dis>mam5t4 ,if x is possible to p\r salt on a bird's tail1 ?is means t x does n fly1 & t !re is no ne$ ( cat*+ x4 ,b if a bird has w+s & does n want to be caught1 x does n all[ any "o to p\r salt on its tail1 because x is ! prop]ty ( a bird to fly4 ,ev5 s ! prop]ty ( a gov]nm5t does n consi/ 9 be+ subject$1 b 9 subject+1 & a gov]nm5t is a gov]nm5t only 9 s f> z x is able1 n to be subject$1 b to subject1 & s x /rives to d s1 & c nev] volunt>ily r5\nce its p[]2 b ! p[] gives x ! army1 & s x w nev] give up ! army & its use = purposes ( w>4 ,! mi/ake is bas$ on ?is1 t le>n$ juri/s1 deceiv+ !mselves & o!rs1 ass]t 9 _! books t ! gov]nm5t is n :at x is1--a collection ( "o set ( m51 do+ viol5ce to ano!r1--b1 z sci5ce makes x out to be1 a repres5tation ( ! aggregate ( citiz5s4 ,! le>n$ h = s long a "t assur$ o!rs ( ?is fact t !y h come !mselves to believe 9 x1 & !y (t5 ?9k s]i\sly t ju/ice c be obligatory = ! gov]nm5ts4 ,b hi/ory %[s t f ,cs> to ,napoleon1 bo? ! fir/ & ! ?ird1 & ,bism>ck1 ! gov]nm5t has by its ess5ce always be5 a ju/ice-impair+ =ce1 z1 inde$1 x _c be o!rwise4 ,ju/ice _c be obligatory = a man or = m51 :o keep 9 h& deceiv$ m51 drill$ = viol5ce1--! soldi]s1--& by means ( !m rule o!rs4 ,& s ! gov]nm5ts _c agree to ! dim9ution ( ! numb] ( ^! drill$ m51 :o obey !m & :o =m all _! /r5g? & significance4 ,su* is ! relation ( "o set ( le>n$ m5 to ! contradiction :i* weighs heavily on our _w1 & su* are ! means = its solution4 ,tell ^! m5 t ! "q is only 9 ! p]sonal relation ( e man to ! moral1 religi\s "q1 n[ /&+ be=e all1 ( ! legitimacy & illegitimacy ( 8 p>ticipation 9 ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 & ^! savants w only %rug _! %\ld]s1 & w n ev5 deign to give y an answ]1 or pay att5tion to y4 ,! solution ( ! "q = !m consi/s 9 read+ addresses1 writ+ books1 *oos+ presid5ts1 vice-presid5ts1 secret>ies1 & meet+ & talk+1 n[ 9 ?is city1 & n[ 9 t4 ,f ^! talks & writ+s !re w1 9 _! op9ion1 come ?is result1 t ! gov]nm5ts w cease draft+ soldi]s1 on :om _! :ole p[] is bas$1 b w li/5 to _! spee*es & w dismiss _! soldi]s1 w rema9 def5celess1 n only aga9/ _! neighb\rs1 b ev5 aga9/ _! subjects1--l robb]s :o1 hav+ b\nd def5celess m51 = ! purpose ( robb+ !m1 ^u he>+ spee*es ab\t ! pa9 caus$ to ! b\nd m5 by ! rope1 %\ld imm$iately set !m free4 ,b !re are p :o believe 9 x1 :o busy !mselves ) peace congresses1 deliv] addresses1 write little books2 & ! gov]nm5ts1 ( c\rse1 express _! sympa?y ) ?is1 let x appe> t !y are support+ ?is1 j z !y make x appe> t !y are support+ a temp]ance society1 :]eas !y = ! mo/ "p live by ! drunk5ness ( ! masses2 j z !y make x appe> t !y are support+ education1 :]eas _! /r5g? is bas$ on ignorance2 j z !y make x appe> t !y are support+ ! lib]ty ( ! con/itution1 :]eas _! /r5g? is bas$ only on ! abs5ce ( a con/itution2 j z !y make x appe> t !y are conc]n$ ab\t ! bett]m5t ( ! lab\r+ classes1 :]eas x is on ! oppression ( ! lab\r] t _! exi/5ce is2 j z !y make x appe> t !y are support+ ,*ri/ianity1 :]eas ,*ri/ianity de/roys e gov]nm5t4 ,to be able to d ?is1 !y h long ago work$ out su* provisions = temp]ance1 t drunk5ness is n impair$2 su* provisions = education1 t ignorance is n only n int]f]$ )1 b is ev5 /r5g!n$2 su* provisions = lib]ty & = ! con/itution1 t despotism is n imp$$2 su* provisions = ! lab\r]s1 t !y are n fre$ f slav]y2 su* ,*ri/ianity z does n de/roy1 b ma9ta9s ! gov]nm5ts4 ,n[ !y h also add$ _! conc]n ab\t peace4 ,! gov]nm5ts1 simply ! k+s1 :o travel ab\t ) _! m9i/]s1 ( _! own accord decid+ ! que/ions z to :e!r !y %all beg9 ! slaught] ( millions ?is ye> or next1 "k full well t _! talks ab\t peace w n keep !m1 :5ev] !y feel l x1 f s5d+ millions to slaught]4 ,! k+s ev5 li/5 ) pleasure to ^! talks1 enc\rage !m1 & take "p 9 !m4 ,all ?is is n only h>mless1 b ev5 useful to ! gov]nm5ts1 9 t x takes p's m9ds away f ! mo/ ess5tial "q1 z to :e!r ea* individual man1 :o is call$ to become a soldi]1 %\ld p]=m ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice or n4 ,peace w soon be e/abli%$1 ?anks to alliances & congresses & 9 consequ5ce ( books & pamphlets1 b 9 ! meantime g1 put on uni=ms1 & be prep>$ to oppress & torture y\rselves = our advantage1 say ! gov]nm5ts4 ,& ! le>n$ au?ors ( congresses & ( writ+s fully agree to ?is4 ,?is is "o relation1 ! mo/ advantage\s "o = ! gov]nm5ts1 & s x is enc\rag$ by all wise gov]nm5ts4 ,ano!r relation is ! tragic relation ( ! m5 :o ass]t t ! contradiction betwe5 ! /riv+ & love = peace & ! necessity ( w> is t]rible1 b t su* is ! fate ( m54 ,^! = ! mo/ "p s5sitive1 gift$ m5 see & compreh5d ! :ole t]ror & ! :ole madness & cruelty ( w>1 b by "s /range turn ( m9d d n see & d n look = any issue f ?is condition1 &1 z ?\gh irritat+ _! w\nd1 enjoy ! desp]ate plight ( humanity4 ,"h is a rem>kable specim5 ( su* a relation to w>1 by a fam\s ,fr5* au?or 7,maupassant74 ,z he looks f 8 ya*t at ! ex]cises & t>get-%oot+ ( ! ,fr5* soldi]s1 ! foll[+ ideas come to him3 ,w>6 ,:5 ,i b ?9k ( ?is ^w1 ,i feel bewild]$1 z ?\gh !y 7 speak+ to me ( sorc]y1 ( ! ,inquisition1 ( a di/ant1 f9i%$1 abom9able1 mon/r\s1 unnatural ?+4 ,:5 !y speak to u ( cannibals1 we smile pr\dly1 z we proclaim our sup]iority to ^! savages4 ,:o are ! savages1 ! real savages8 ,^? :o /ruggle 9 ord] to eat ^? :om !y vanqui%1 or ^? :o /ruggle to kill1 m]ely to kill8 ,! little soldi]s ( ! rank & file :o are runn+ d[n !re are de/9$ = dea?1 l flocks ( %eep1 :om a but*] drives be=e him on ! highway4 ,!y w fall 9 a pla91 _! heads cut op5 by a sword-/roke1 or _! *e/s pi]c$ by bullets2 & ^! are "y m5 :o might h work$1 produc$1 be5 useful4 ,_! fa!rs are old & poor2 _! mo!rs1 :o h lov$ !m = tw5ty ye>s & ador$ !m z only mo!rs c1 w le>n 9 six mon?s or1 p]haps1 9 a ye> t _! son1 _! *ild1 _! gr&*ild1 :o _h be5 re>$ ) s mu* love1 0 ?r[n into a hole1 l a dead dog1 aft] he _h be5 evisc]at$ by a ball1 trampl$ und]foot1 cru%$1 ma%$ into pulp by ! *>ges ( cavalry4 ,:y did !y kill h] boy1 h] f9e boy1 h] only hope1 h] pride1 h] life8 ,%e does n "k4 ,yes1 :y8 ,w>6 ,to fight6 ,to but*]6 ,to massacre p6 ,& to-day1 at our p]iod ( ! _w1 ) our civilization1 ) ! expansion ( sci5ce & ! degree ( philosophy :i* we deem ! human g5ius to h atta9$1 we h s*ools 9 :i* !y tea* h[ to kill2 to kill at a great di/ance1 ) p]fection1 a lot ( p at ! same "t1--to kill poor innoc5t fell[s1 :o h ! c>e ( a family & are "u no judicial s5t5ce4 ,& :at is mo/ />tl+ is ! fact t ! p d n rise aga9/ ! gov]nm5ts6 ,:at diff]5ce is !re really betwe5 ! mon>*ies & ! republics8 ,x is mo/ />tl+ t society does n rise 9 a body & revolt at ! v m5tion ( ! ^w 'w>4' ,oh1 we %all always live "u ! burd5 ( ! anci5t & odi\s cu/oms1 crim9al prejudices1 & savage ideas ( our b>b>\s ance/ors1 because we are bea/s1 & %all rema9 bea/s1 :o are dom9at$ by in/9ct & d n *ange4 ,w\ld n any o!r man ?an ,victor ,hugo h be5 disgrac$1 if he s5t =? ?is cry ( deliv]ance & tru?8 ',to-day =ce is call$ viol5ce & is ab\t to be judg$2 w> is summon$ to c\rt4 ,civilization1 at ! in/igation ( ! human race1 in/itutes proce$+s & prep>es ! great crim9al brief ( ! conqu]ors & capta9s4 ,! nations are com+ to und]/& t ! increase ( an (f5ce _c be its dim9ution2 t if x is a crime to kill1 kill+ mu* _c be an ext5uat+ circum/ance2 t if /eal+ is a disgrace1 =cible seiz+ _c be a glory4 ,oh1 let u proclaim ^! absolute v]ities1--let u disgrace w>6' ,va9 fury & indignation ( a poet6 ,w> is hon\r$ m ?an ev]4 ,a v]satile arti/ 9 ^! matt]s1 a gift$ but*] ( m51 ,mr4 von ,moltke1 "o day spoke ! foll[+ words to "s delegates ( peace3 ',w> is sacr$ & div9ely in/itut$2 x is "o ( ! sacr$ laws ( ! _w2 x nurtures 9 m5 all ! great & noble s5tim5ts1--hon\r1 dis9t]e/$ness1 virtue1 c\rage1--&1 to be %ort1 keeps m5 f fall+ into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism4' ,?us1 unit+ into h]ds ( f\r hundr$ ?\s& m51 m>*+ day & night )\t any re/1 n ?9k+ ( any?+1 nor /udy+ any?+1 nor le>n+ any?+1 nor read+ any?+1 n be+ useful to a s+le p]son1 rott+ f dirt1 sleep+ 9 ! mire1 liv+ l ! brutes 9 a con/ant /upor1 pillag+ cities1 burn+ villages1 ru9+ peoples1 !n meet+ ano!r conglom]ation ( human fle%1 ru%+ aga9/ x1 mak+ lakes ( blood & fields ( batt]$ fle%1 m+l$ ) muddy & blood-/a9$ e>? & m\nds ( corpses1 be+ depriv$ ( arms or legs1 or hav+ ! skull cru%$ )\t pr(it to any "o1 & dy+ 9 ! corn] ( a field1 :ile y\r old p>5ts1 y\r wife1 & y\r *ildr5 are />v+1--t's :at is call$ n to fall into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism4 ,! m5 ( w> are ! sc\rges ( ! _w4 ,we /ruggle aga9/ ,nature1 aga9/ ignorance1 aga9/ ob/acles ( e sort1 9 ord] to make our mis]able life less h>d4 ,m51 b5efactors1 savants use _! exi/5ce 9 ord] to "w1 to f9d :at may help1 may succ\r1 may ease _! bro!rs4 ,!y g ) vim ab\t _! useful bus9ess1 accumulate discov]y ^u discov]y1 increas+ ! human _s1 exp&+ sci5ce1 giv+ e day a sum ( new k to ! intellig5ce ( man1 giv+ e day well-be+1 ease1 & =ce to _! c\ntry4 ,w> arrives4 ,9 six mon?s ! g5]als de/roy tw5ty ye>s ( ef=t1 ( pati5ce1 & ( g5ius4 ,?is is :at is call$ n to fall into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism4 ,we h se5 :at w> is4 ,we h se5 m5 turn$ into brutes1 madd5$1 kill+ = ! sake ( pleasure1 ( t]ror1 ( bravado1 ( o/5tation4 ,!n1 :5 law no long] exi/s1 :5 law is dead1 :5 e notion ( "r has disappe>$1 we h se5 m5 %oot innoc5t p :o are f\nd on ! road & :o h r\s$ suspicion only because !y %[$ fe>4 ,we h se5 dogs *a9$ ne> ! doors ( _! ma/]s kill$1 j to try new revolv]s on !m2 we h se5 c[s ly+ 9 ! field %ot to pieces1 = ! sake ( pleasure1 only to try a gun on !m1 to h some?+ to laugh at4 ,?is is :at is call$ n to fall into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism4 ,to ent] a c\ntry1 to kill a man :o is def5d+ 8 home1 simply because he we>s a bl\se & has no cap on 8 head1 to burn ! habitations ( wret*$ p :o h no bread1 to sma% ! furniture1 to /eal "s ( x1 to dr9k ! w9e :i* is f\nd 9 ! cell>s1 to rape ! wom5 :o are f\nd 9 ! /reets1 to burn millions ( doll>s' wor? ( p[d]1 & to leave beh9d !m mis]y & ! *ol]a1--?is is :at is call$ n to fall into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism4 ,:at h ! m5 ( w> done to give evid5ce ( ev5 a little intellig5ce8 ,no?+4 ,:at h !y inv5t$8 ,cannon & guns4 ,t is all4 ,:at has ,greece left to u8 ,books1 m>bles4 ,is %e great because %e has conqu]$1 or because %e has produc$8 ,is x ! invasion ( ! ,p]sians t kept h] f fall+ into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism8 ,is x ! invasions ( ! b>b>ians t sav$ ,rome & reg5]at$ h]8 ,0 x ,napoleon ,i4 :o cont9u$ ! great intellectual movem5t :i* 0 begun by ! philosoph]s at ! end ( ! la/ c5tury8 ,oh1 well1 if ! gov]nm5ts arrogate to !mselves ! "r to kill ! nations1 !re is no?+ surpris+ 9 ! fact t ! nations n[ & !n take ^u !mselves ! "r to d away ) ! gov]nm5ts4 ,!y def5d !mselves4 ,!y are "r4 ,nobody has ! absolute "r to gov]n o!rs4 ,?is c be done only = ! good ( ! gov]n$4 ,:oev] rules is z mu* oblig$ to avoid w> z a capta9 ( a boat is oblig$ to avoid a %ipwreck4 ,:5 a capta9 has lo/ 8 boat1 he is judg$ & condemn$1 if he is f\nd guilty ( neglig5ce or ev5 ( incapacity4 ,:y %\ld n ! gov]nm5ts be judg$ aft] ! decl>ation ( a w>8 ,if ! nations und]/ood ?is1 if !y !mselves sat 9 judgm5t ov] ! dea?-deal+ p[]s1 if !y refus$ to all[ !mselves to be kill$ )\t reason1 if !y made use ( _! weapons aga9/ ^? :o gave !m to !m = ! purpose ( massacr+1 w> w\ld be dead at once6 ,b ?is day w n come6 7,sur l',eau1 pp4 #ga-hj47 ,! au?or sees all ! horror ( w>2 he sees t its cause is 9 ?is1 t ! gov]nm5ts1 deceiv+ p1 compel !m to g out to kill & die )\t any ne$2 he sees also t ! m5 compos+ ! armies might turn _! weapons aga9/ ! gov]nm5ts & dem& acc\nts f !m4 ,b ! au?or ?9ks t ?is w nev] happ51 & t1 !re=e1 !re is no way out ( ?is situation4 ,he ?9ks t ! bus9ess ( w> is t]rible1 b t x is inevitable & t ! dem&s ( ! gov]nm5ts t ! soldi]s %all g & fight are z inevitable z dea?1 & t1 s9ce ! gov]nm5ts w always dem& x1 !re w always exi/ w>s4 ,?us writes a tal5t$1 s9c]e au?or1 :o is end[$ ) t p5etration into ! ess5ce ( ! matt] :i* =ms ! ess5ce ( ! poetical g5ius4 ,he pres5ts to u all ! cruelty ( ! contradiction betwe5 m5's consci5ce & _! activity1 &1 )\t solv+ x1 seems to recognize t ?is contradiction mu/ exi/ & t 9 x consi/s ! trag$y ( life4 ,ano!r1 n less gift$ au?or 7,e4 ,rod71 describes ! cruelty & madness ( ! pres5t situation 9 /ill m gl>+ col\rs1 & simil>ly1 recogniz+ ! tragical elem5t 9 x1 does n (f] or =esee any way out ( x4 ,:at good is !re 9 do+ any?+8 ,:at good is !re 9 und]tak+ any?+8 he says4 ,h[ c we love m5 9 ^! tr\bl$ times1 :5 ! morr[ is b a m5ace8 ,ev]y?+ we h begun1 our matur+ ideas1 our incept$ works1 ! little good :i* we %all h be5 able to d1--w x n all be c>ri$ away by ! com+ hurricane8 ,ev]y:]e ! e>? is trembl+ "u our feet1 & ! cl\ds t are ga!r+ ^u our horizon w n pass by u4 ,oh1 if x 7 only ! ,revolution1 ) :i* we are fright5$1 t we _h to fe>6 ,z ,i am incapable ( imag9+ a m dete/able society ?an is ours1 ,i h m mi/ru/ ?an fe> = ! "o :i* w succe$ x4 ,if ,i 7 to suff] f ! trans=mation1 ,i %\ld console myself ) ! ?\ght t ! execution]s ( to-day are ! victims ( ye/]day1 & ! expectation ( :at is bett] w\ld make me put up ) :at is worse4 ,b x is n ?is di/ant p]il t fright5s me1--,i see ano!r1 ne>]1 above all1 a m cruel p]il1 m cruel1 because x has no excuse1 because x is absurd1 because no good c result f x4 ,e day m5 weigh ! *ances ( w> = ! morr[1 & e day !y are m m]ciless4 ,?\ght /agg]s be=e ! cata/rophe :i* appe>s at ! end ( ! c5tury z ! limit ( ! progress ( our era1--b we mu/ get us$ to x3 = tw5ty ye>s all ! =ces ( sci5ce h be5 exhau/+ !mselves to inv5t eng9es ( de/ruction1 & soon a few cannon-%ots w suffice to annihilate a :ole army2 !y no long] arm1 z =m]ly1 a few ?\s&s ( poor devils1 ^: blood 0 paid =1 b :ole nations1 :o g out to cut ea* o!rs' ?roats2 !y /eal _! "t1 9 ord] lat] m surely to /eal _! lives2 to prep>e !m = ! massacre1 _! hatr$ is fann$1 by pret5d+ t !y are hat$4 ,& good p are trick$1 & we %all see furi\s masses ( peaceful citiz5s1 into ^: h&s ! guns w be plac$ by a /upid ord]1 ru% aga9/ "o ano!r ) ! f]ocity ( wild animals1 ,god kn[s = ! sake ( :at ridicul\s incid5t ( ! bord] or ( :at m]cantile colonial int]e/s6 ,!y w m>*1 l %eep1 to ! slaught]1--b kn[+ :i!r !y are go+1 kn[+ t !y are leav+ _! wives1 kn[+ t _! *ildr5 w be hungry1 & !y w g ) anxi\s fe>1 b none ! less intoxicat$ by ! sonor\s1 deceptive words t w be trumpet$ into _! e>s4 ,!y w g )\t revolt1 passive & resign$1 ?\gh !y are ! mass & ! =ce1 & c\ld be ! p[]1 if !y wi%$ & if !y knew h[ to e/abli% common s5se & bro!rhood 9 ! place ( ! savage trick]ies ( diplomacy4 ,!y w g1 s deceiv$1 s dup$1 t !y w believe ! c>nage to be a duty1 & w ask ,god to bless _! sangu9>y appetites4 ,!y w g1 trampl+ on ! crops :i* !y h s[n1 burn+ ! cities :i* !y h built1 ) en?usia/ic songs1 joy\s cries1 & fe/ive music4 ,& _! sons w erect /atues to ^? :o %all h massacr$ !m bett] ?an any "o else6 ,! fate ( a :ole g5]ation dep5ds on ! h\r at :i* "s sombre politician w give ! signal1 :i* w be foll[$4 ,we "k t ! be/ among u w be m[$ d[n & t our "w w be de/roy$ 9 ! g]m4 ,we "k ?is1 & we tremble f ang]1 & we are unable to d any?+4 ,we are caught 9 ! net ( (fices & r$ tape1 :i* x w\ld take too viol5t an ef=t to break4 ,we belong to ! laws :i* we h call$ into life to protect u1 b :i* oppress u4 ,we are only ?+s ( ?is ,ant9omian ab/raction1 ! /ate1 :i* makes e individual a slave 9 ! "n ( ! w ( all1 :o1 tak5 sep>ately1 w\ld want ! v opposite ( :at !y are compell$ to d4 ,if x 7 only "o g5]ation t is to be sacrific$6 ,b !re are o!r int]e/s z well4 ,all ^! sal>i$ %\t]s1 ^! ambiti\s exploit]s ( ! evil passions ( ! masses & ! poor 9 _s1 :o are deceiv$ by ! sonority ( words1 h to su* an ext5t env5om$ ! national hatr$s t ! w> ( to-morr[ w /ake ! exi/5ce ( a race3 "o ( ! elem5ts :i* h con/itut$ ! mod]n _w is m5ac$1--he :o w be vanqui%$ mu/ disappe> morally1--&1 :atev] x be1 we %all see a =ce annihilat$1 z if !re 7 "o too _m = ! good6 ,we %all see a new ,europe =m$1 on bases t are s unju/1 s brutal1 s bloody1 s soil$ ) a mon/r\s blot*1 t x _c help b be worse ?an t ( to-day1--m iniquit\s1 m b>b>\s1 m viol5t4 ,"o feels oneself oppress$ by a t]rible disc\ragem5t4 ,we are toss+ ab\t 9 a bl9d alley1 ) guns tra9$ on u f all ! ro(s4 ,our "w is t ( sailors go+ ?r\gh _! la/ ex]cise be=e ! %ip goes d[n4 ,our pleasures are ^? ( ! condemn$ crim9al1 :o fifte5 m9utes be=e 8 execution is (f]$ a *oice morsel4 ,angui% p>alyzes our ?\ght1 & ! be/ ef=t ( :i* x is capable is to calculate--by spell+ out ! vague disc\rses ( m9i/]s1 by twi/+ ! s5se ( ! words utt]$ by sov]eigns1 by contort+ ! words ascrib$ to diplomats & report$ by ! newspap]s at ! unc]ta9 risk ( _! in=mation--:e!r x is to-morr[ or ! day aft]1 ?is ye> or next ye>1 t we %all be cru%$4 ,we %\ld1 inde$1 seek 9 va9 9 hi/ory = a m unc]ta9 epo*1 "o :i* is s full ( anxieties 7,e4 ,rod1 ,le ,s5s de la ,vie1 pp4 #bjh-bac74 ,x is po9t$ out t ! p[] is 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o are ru9+ !mselves1 9 ! h&s ( ! sep>ate individuals =m+ ! mass2 x is po9t$ out t ! s\rce ( evil is 9 ! /ate4 ,x w\ld seem cle> t ! contradiction ( ! consci\sness & ( life has rea*$ ! limit beyond :i* x is impossible to g & aft] :i* its solution mu/ ensue4 ,b ! au?or does n ?9k s4 ,he sees 9 ?is ! trag$y ( human life1 &1 hav+ po9t$ out all ! t]ror ( ! situation1 concludes t human life mu/ take place 9 ?is t]ror4 ,su* is ! second relation to w> ( ^? m5 :o see some?+ fatal & tragical 9 x4 ,! ?ird relation is t ( m5 :o h lo/ _! consci5ce1 & s _! common s5se & human feel+4 ,to ?is class belong ,moltke1 ^: op9ion is quot$ by ,maupassant1 & ! majority ( milit>y m51 :o are educat$ 9 ?is cruel sup]/ition1 :o live by x1 & s are (t5 navely conv9c$ t w> is n only an inevitable1 b ev5 a useful matt]4 ,?us1 judge also non-milit>y1 s-call$ le>n$1 cultur$1 ref9$ p4 ,"h is :at ! fam\s ,academician1 ,d\sset1 writes 9 ! numb] ( ! ,revue des ,revues 9 :i* ! lett]s ab\t w> are collect$1 9 reply to ! editor's inquiry z to 8 views on w>3 ,,de> ,,sir3--,:5 y ask ! mo/ peaceable ( ,academicians :e!r he is an advocate ( w>1 8 answ] is ready 9 advance3 un=tunately1 de> sir1 y y\rself reg>d z a dream ! peaceful ?\ghts :i* at ! pres5t "t inspire our magnanim\s c\ntrym54 ,ev] s9ce ,i h be5 liv+ 9 ! _w1 ,i h he>d _m private p express _! indignation aga9/ ?is t]rify+ habit ( int]national slaught]4 ,all m5 recognize & deplore ?is evil2 b h[ is x to be m5d$8 ,p h v (t5 tri$ to aboli% duels1--?is seem$ s easy6 ,b no6 ,all ! ef=ts made = ! atta9m5t ( ?is end h done no good & nev] w d any good4 ,no matt] h[ mu* may be said aga9/ w> & aga9/ duell+ at all ! congresses ( ! _w1 above all arbitrations1 above all treaties1 above all legislations1 w et]nally /& man's hon\r1 :i* has ev] dem&$ duell+1 & ! national advantages1 :i* w et]nally dem& w>4 ,i none ! less ) all my he>t hope t ! ,congress ( ,univ]sal ,peace w succe$ 9 its v grave & v hon\rable problem4 ,receive ! assurance1 etc4 ,k4 ,,d\sset4 ,! mean+ is ?is1 t m5's hon\r dem&s t p %\ld fight1 & ! advantages ( ! nations dem& t !y %\ld ru9 & de/roy "o ano!r1 & t ! attempts at /opp+ w> are only wor?y ( smiles4 ,simil> is ! op9ion ( ano!r fam\s man1 ,jules ,cl>etie3 ,de> ,sir1 he writes3 ,= an intellig5t man !re c exi/ b "o op9ion 9 respect to ! "q ( peace & w>4 ,humanity 0 creat$ t x %\ld live1 be+ free to p]fect & bett] 7its fate7 its condition by means ( peaceful lab\r4 ,! univ]sal agreem5t1 = :i* ! ,univ]sal ,congress ( ,peace is ask+ & :i* x prea*es1 may pres5t b a beautiful dream1 b x is 9 any case ! mo/ beautiful dream ( all4 ,man has always be=e him ! promis$ l& ( ! future1--! h>ve/ w mature1 )\t fe> ( h>m f gr5ades & cannon-:eels4 ,b4444 ,yes1 b6 ,s9ce ! _w is n rul$ by philosoph]s & b5efactors1 x is =tunate t our soldi]s protect our bord]s & our he>?s1 & t _! arms1 correctly aim$1 appe> to u1 p]haps1 z ! v be/ gu>antee ( ?is peace1 :i* is s f]v5tly lov$ by all ( u4 ,peace is giv5 only to ! /rong & ! det]m9$4 ,receive ! assurance1 etc4 ,j4 ,,cl>etie4 ,! mean+ ( ?is is1 t x does no h>m to talk ( :at no "o int5ds to d1 & :at ought n to be done at all4 ,b :5 x comes to bus9ess1 we mu/ fight4 ,"h is ano!r rec5t expression ( op9ion conc]n+ w>1 by ! mo/ popul> noveli/ ( ,europe1 ,e4 ,zola3 ,i consid] w> a fatal necessity1 :i* appe>s inevitable to u 9 view ( its close connection ) human nature & ! :ole _w-/ructure4 ,i wi% w> c\ld be remov$ = ! longe/ possible "t2 none ! less ! mom5t w arrive :5 we %all be compell$ to fight4 ,i1 at ! pres5t mom5t1 am plac+ myself on ! univ]sal po9t ( view1 & 9 no way h any ref]5ce to our diff]5ce ) ,g]many1 :i* pres5ts itself only z an insignificant incid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( humanity4 ,i say t w> is indisp5sable & useful1 because x appe>s to humanity z "o ( ! conditions ( its exi/5ce4 ,we ev]y:]e meet ) w>1 n only among v>i\s tribes & nations1 b also 9 dome/ic & private life4 ,x appe>s z "o ( ! *ief elem5ts ( progress1 & e /ep =w>d1 :i* humanity has tak51 has be5 accompani$ by blood%$4 ,p us$ to speak1 & ev5 n[ speak1 ( dis>mam5t1 b dis>mam5t is some?+ impossible1 & ev5 if x 7 possible1 we %\ld be oblig$ to reject x4 ,only an arm$ nation appe>s p[]ful & great4 ,i am conv9c$ t a univ]sal dis>mam5t w\ld br+ ) x some?+ l a moral fall1 :i* w\ld f9d its expression 9 univ]sal impot5ce1 & w\ld be 9 ! way ( a progressive advancem5t ( humanity4 ,a m>tial nation has always enjoy$ virile /r5g?4 ,milit>y art has br\ght ) x ! developm5t ( all ! o!r arts4 ,hi/ory te/ifies to t4 ,?us1 9 ,a!ns & 9 ,rome1 comm]ce1 indu/ry1 & lit]ature nev] rea*$ su* developm5t z at ! "t :5 ^! cities rul$ ov] ! !n kn[n _w by =ce ( arms4 ,to take an example f times ne>] to u1 let u recall ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! w>s ( ! great k+ n only did n ret>d ! progress ( ! arts & sci5ces1 b1 on ! contr>y1 seem$ to aid & fo/] _! developm5t4 ,w> is a useful ?+6 ,b be/ ( all 9 ?is s5se is ! op9ion ( ! mo/ tal5t$ writ] ( ?is camp1 ! op9ion ( ! ,academician ,vog4 ,"h is :at he writes 9 an article ab\t ! exhibition1 9 visit+ ! milit>y dep>tm5t3 ,9 ! ,esplanade des ,invalides1 amid/ exotic & colonial build+s1 "o /ructure ( a m sev]e /yle rises 9 ! picturesque baza>2 all ^! repres5tatives ( ! t]re/rial globe adjo9 ! ,palace ( ,w>4 ,a sup]b subject ( anti!ses = humanit>ian rhetorics6 ,inde$1 x does n let pass an occasion = deplor+ su* juxtaposition & = ass]t+ t ?is w kill t 7ceci tu]a cela71#ab t ! union ( ! nations ?r\gh sci5ce & lab\r w conqu] ! m>tial in/9cts4 ,we %all n keep x f fondl+ ! hope ( ! *im]a ( a gold5 age1 :i*1 if x %\ld be realiz$1 w\ld soon become an age ( mire4 ,all hi/ory tea*es u t blood is ne$$ to spe$ & confirm ! union ( ! nations4 ,! natural sci5ces h 9 our "t confirm$ ! my/]i\s law :i* 0 reveal$ to ,joseph de ,mai/re by ! inspiration ( 8 g5ius & ! consid]ation ( primitive dogmas2 he saw h[ ! _w r$eems its h]$it>y falls by a sacrifice2 ! sci5ces %[ u h[ ! _w is p]fect$ by /ruggle & by compulsory selection2 ?is is ! ass]tion f two sides ( ! same decree1 writt5 out 9 diff]5t expressions4 ,! ass]tion is naturally n a pleasant "o2 b ! laws ( ! _w are n e/abli%$ = our pleasure1--!y are e/abli%$ = our p]fection4 ,let u1 !n1 ent] into ?is unavoidable1 indisp5sable ,palace ( ,w>2 & we %all h occasion to obs]ve 9 :at mann] ! mo/ /ubborn ( our in/9cts1 )\t los+ any?+ ( its =ce1 is trans=m$1 9 submitt+ to ! diff]5t dem&s ( hi/oric mom5ts4 #ab ,words f ,victor ,hugo's novel1 ,notre ,dame1 9 reg>d to pr9t+1 :i* w kill ar*itecture4--,au?or's ,note4 ,?is idea1 t ! pro( ( ! necessity ( w> is to be f\nd 9 two expressions ( ,mai/re & ,d>w91 two great ?9k]s accord+ to 8 op9ion1 pleases ,vog s mu* t he repeats x4 ,de> ,sir1 he writes to ! editor ( ! ,revue des ,revues3 ,y ask = my op9ion 9 reg>d to ! success ( ! ,univ]sal ,congress ( ,peace4 ,i believe1 ) ,d>w91 t a viol5t /ruggle is a law ( ,nature1 by :i* all be+s are rul$4 ,l ,joseph de ,mai/re1 ,i believe t x is a div9e law1--two diff]5t appellations = "o & ! same ?+4 ,if1 pa/ all expectation1 "s p>ticle ( humanity1 say ! :ole civiliz$ ,we/1 succe$$ 9 arre/+ ! action ( ?is law1 o!r1 m primitive nations w\ld apply x aga9/ u4 ,9 ^! nations ! voice ( ,nature w\ld vanqui% ! voice ( human reason1 & !y w\ld act ) success1 because ! assurance ( peace--,i d n say 'peace' itself1 b ! 'full assurance ( peace'--w\ld evoke 9 m5 corruption & fall1 :i* act m de/ructively ?an ! mo/ t]rible w>4 ,i f9d t = t crim9al law1 w>1 x is necess>y to d ! same z = all ! o!r crim9al laws1--to mitigate !m1 to try to make !m unnecess>y1 & to apply !m z r>ely z possible4 ,b ! :ole ( hi/ory tea*es u t x is impossible to aboli% ^! laws1 s long z !re are left 9 ! _w two m51 money1 & a woman betwe5 !m4 ,i %\ld be v happy1 if ! ,congress c\ld prove ! contr>y to me4 ,b ,i d\bt :e!r x w be able to ov]?r[ hi/ory1 ! law ( ,nature1 & ! law ( ,god4 ,accept ! assurance1 etc4 ,e4 ,m4 ,,vog4 ,! idea is ?is1 t hi/ory1 man's nature1 & ,god %[ u t1 s long z !re %all be two m5 & betwe5 !m bread1 money1 & a woman1 !re w be w>2 t is1 t no progress w br+ m5 to get away f ! "o conception ( life1 :]e x is impossible )\t qu>rell+ to divide ! bread1 ! money 7! money is v good "h71 & ! woman4 ,h[ /range ! p are t assemble 9 congresses1 to talk ab\t h[ to cat* birds by ?r[+ salt on _! tails1 ?\gh !y _c help b "k t x is impossible to d s2 que] are ^? :o1 l ,maupassant1 ,rod1 & _m o!rs1 see cle>ly ! :ole horror ( w>1 ! :ole contradiction :i* arises f ?is1 t m5 d n d :at !y ought to d1 :at is advantage\s & necess>y = !m to d1 deplore ! trag$y ( life1 & d n see t all ?is trag$y w /op z soon z m5 w cease to discuss :at !y ought n to discuss1 & w beg9 n to d :at is pa9ful = !m to d1 :at displeases & disgu/s !m4 ,^! p are que]1 b ^? :o1 l ,vog & o!rs1 pr(ess+ ! law ( evolution1 recognize w> n only z unavoidable1 b ev5 z useful1 & s z desirable1 are /range & t]rible ) _! moral p]v]sion4 ,! o!rs at lea/ say t !y hate ! evil & love ! good1 b ^! simply recognize t !re is no good & no evil4 ,all ! talk ab\t e/abli%+ peace1 9 ! place ( et]nal w>1 is a h>mful s5tim5tal rodomontade ( babbl]s4 ,!re is a law ( evolution1 f :i* x foll[s t ,i mu/ live & act badly4 ,:at is to be done8 ,i am an educat$ man1 & ,i "k ! law ( evolution1 & s ,i w act badly4 ,entrons au palais de la gu]re4 ,!re is a law ( evolution1 & s !re is no?+ bad1 nor good1 & we mu/ live = no?+ b our p]sonal life1 leav+ ev]y?+ else to ! law ( evolution4 ,?is is ! la/ expression ( ref9$ culture1 & at ! same "t ( t obscuration ( consci\sness ) :i* all ! cultur$ classes ( our "t are occupi$4 ,! desire ( ! cultur$ classes 9 "o way or ano!r to ma9ta9 _! fav\rite ideas & _! life1 :i* is bas$ ^u !m1 has rea*$ its utmo/ limits4 ,!y lie1 deceive !mselves & o!rs 9 ! mo/ ref9$ way1 if only !y c 9 "s way obscure & dr[n _! consci5ces4 ,in/ead ( *ang+ ! life 9 accord ) ! consci\sness1 !y try 9 e mann] possible to obscure & dr[n _! consci\sness4 ,b ! light %9es ev5 9 ! d>k1 & s x is beg9n+ to %9e 9 our "t4 ,,vii4 ,! cultur$ p ( ! high] classes try to dr[n ! consci\sness ( ! necessity ( *ang+ ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s1 :i* is becom+ all ! "t cle>] & cle>]2 b life1 cont9u+ to develop & to become m complex 9 ! =m] direction & int5sify+ ! contradictions & suff]+s ( m51 br+s !m to t la/ limit1 beyond :i* x is impossible to g4 ,su* a la/ limit1 beyond :i* x is impossible to g1 is ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice4 ,p g5]ally ?9k t univ]sal milit>y s]vice & ! ev] increas$ arm+1 :i* is connect$ ) x1 & ! consequ5t increase ( taxation & ( /ate debts among all ! nations1 are an accid5tal ph5om5on1 due to "s political condition ( ,europe1 & may also be remov$ by "s political consid]ations1 )\t an int]nal *ange ( life4 ,?is is q errone\s4 ,univ]sal milit>y s]vice is no?+ b an inn] contradiction :i*1 hav+ be5 c>ri$ to its utmo/ limits & hav+ at a c]ta9 /age ( mat]ial developm5t become obvi\s1 has /ol5 its way into ! social concept ( life4 ,! social concept ( life consi/s 9 ?is v fact1 t ! mean+ ( life is transf]r$ f ! individual to ! aggregate1 & its consequ5ce is transf]r$ to ! tribe1 ! family1 ! race1 or ! /ate4 ,f ! social concept ( life x foll[s t1 9 s f> z ! mean+ ( life is conta9$ 9 ! aggregate ( individuals1 ! individuals !mselves volunt>ily sacrifice _! int]e/s = ! int]e/s ( ! aggregate4 ,?us x has always be5 9 reality 9 ! case ( c]ta9 =ms ( ! aggregate1 9 ! family or ! tribe1 indep5d5tly ( :i* prec$$1 or 9 ! race1 or ev5 9 ! patri>*al /ate4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! habit1 :i* is transmitt$ by education & confirm$ by religi\s influ5ces1 ! individuals h )\t compulsion bl5d$ _! int]e/s ) ! int]e/s ( ! aggregate & h sacrific$ _! own int]e/s = ! common int]e/4 ,b ! m societies became complex1 ! great] !y grew1 especially ! m frequ5tly conque/s 7 ! causes :y m5 unit$ into societies1 ! m frequ5tly did individuals /rive aft] atta9+ _! ends to ! disadvantage ( ! common good1 & ! m frequ5tly 0 !re felt ! ne$ ( ! ex]cise ( p[]1 t is1 ( viol5ce1 = ! sake ( curb+ ^! insubmissive individuals4 ,! def5d]s ( ! social concept ( life g5]ally try to mix up ! concept ( p[]1 t is1 ( viol5ce1 ) t ( spiritual influ5ce1 b ?is admixture is q impossible4 ,a spiritual influ5ce is an action ^u a man1 su* t 9 consequ5ce ( x ! v desires ( a man are *ang$ & co9cide ) :at is dem&$ ( him4 ,a man :o submits to a spiritual influ5ce acts 9 accordance ) 8 desires4 ,b p[]1 z ?is ^w is g5]ally und]/ood1 is a means = compell+ a man to act contr>y to 8 wi%es4 ,a man :o submits to p[] does n act z he w\ld wi%1 b z ! p[] compels him to act4 ,n[ :at c compel a man to d1 n :at he wi%es1 b :at he does n wi%1 is physical viol5ce1 or a ?reat ( us+ su*1 t is1 ! deprivation ( lib]ty1 beat+1 maim+1 or executable m5aces t su* actions w be c>ri$ out4 ,9 ?is has p[] always consi/$4 ,9 spite ( ! unceas+ ef=ts made by m5 9 p[] to conceal ?is & to ascribe a diff]5t mean+ to p[]1 p[] is ! application ( a rope1 a *a91 by :i* a man w be b\nd & dragg$ along1 or ( a :ip1 ) :i* he w be flogg$1 or ( a knife1 an axe1 ) :i* !y w cut (f 8 h&s1 feet1 e>s1 head1--an application ( ^! means1 or a ?reat t !y w be us$4 ,?us x 0 9 ! "t ( ,n]o & ( ,dzh+is-,khan1 & ?us x is ev5 n[1 9 ! mo/ lib]al ( gov]nm5ts1 9 ! republic ( ,am]ica & 9 t ( ,france4 ,if m5 submit to p[]1 !y d s only because !y are afraid t 9 case !y d n submit ^! actions w be appli$ to !m4 ,all gov]nm5tal dem&s1 ! paym5t ( taxes1 ! execution ( public works1 ! submission to puni%m5ts impos$ ^u "o1 exile1 p5alties1 & s =?1 to :i* m5 seem volunt>ily to submit1 h always _h bodily viol5ce1 or a ?reat t su* w be us$1 = _! base4 ,! basis ( p[] is bodily viol5ce4 ,! possibility ( ex]t+ bodily viol5ce aga9/ p is fir/ ( all giv5 by an organization ( arm$ m5 9 :i* all ! arm$ m5 act 9 agreem5t1 submitt+ to "o w4 ,su* assemblies ( arm$ m51 :o submit to "o w1 are =m$ by ! army4 ,! army has always /ood at ! base ( p[]4 ,p[] is always f\nd 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o comm& an army1 & all pot5tates--f ! ,roman ,cs>s to ! ,russian & ,g]man emp]ors--are m ?an any?+ else conc]n$ ab\t ! army1 kn[+ t if ! army is ) !m1 ! p[] w rema9 9 _! h&s4 ,x is ?is =mation & increase ( ! army1 :i* is necess>y = ! support ( p[]1 t has introduc$ a decompos+ pr9ciple into ! social concept ( life4 ,! end ( p[] & its ju/ification consi/s 9 ! limitation ( ^? m5 :o might wi% to atta9 _! int]e/s to ! disadvantage ( ! int]e/s ( ! aggregate4 ,b :e!r ! p[] has be5 acquir$ by ! =mation ( a new p[]1 by inh]itance1 or by election1 m5 :o possess p[] by means ( an army h 9 no way diff]$ f o!r m51 & s h1 l o!r m51 be5 prone n to subord9ate _! int]e/s to ^? ( ! aggregate1 b1 on ! contr>y1 hav+ 9 _! h&s ! possibility ( do+ s1 h be5 m prone ?an any "o else to subord9ate ! common int]e/s to _! own4 ,no matt] h[ mu* m5 h devis$ means = depriv+ m5 9 p[] ( ! possibility ( subord9at+ ! common int]e/s to _! own1 or = entru/+ ! p[] only into ! h&s ( infallible m51 !re h s f> be5 discov]$ no means = do+ ei!r4 ,all me?ods employ$1 ei!r ( div9e sanction1 or ( election1 or ( h]$ity1 or ( suffrage1 or ( assemblies1 or ( p>liam5ts1 or ( s5ates1 h prov$ ineffective4 ,all m5 "k t n "o ( ^! me?ods atta9s ! aim ( entru/+ ! p[] into none b infallible h&s1 or ( prev5t+ its be+ misus$4 ,all "k t1 on ! contr>y1 m5 9 p[]1 be !y emp]ors1 m9i/]s1 *iefs ( police1 policem51 become1 by ! v fact ( hav+ p[]1 m prone to commit immoralities1 t is1 to subord9ate ! common int]e/s to _! own1 ?an m5 :o h no p[]1 z inde$ x c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,! social concept ( life ju/ifi$ itself only s long z all m5 volunt>ily sacrific$ _! int]e/s to ! common int]e/s2 b ! mom5t !re appe>$ m5 :o did n volunt>ily sacrifice _! int]e/s1 & p[] 0 ne$$1 t is1 viol5ce1 = ! purpose ( limit+ ^! individuals1 ! decompos+ pr9ciple ( p[]1 t is1 viol5ce ex]t$ by "o set ( p aga9/ ano!r1 ent]$ into ! social concept ( life & ! /ructure :i* is bas$ ^u x4 ,= ! p[] ( "o set ( m5 ov] ano!r to atta9 its end ( limit+ m5 :o /rove aft] _! individual int]e/s to ! disadvantage ( ^? ( ! aggregate1 x 0 necess>y to h ! p[] ve/$ 9 ! h&s ( infallible m51 z is assum$ to be ! case by ! ,*9ese1 & z has be5 assum$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages & at ! pres5t "t by m5 :o believe 9 ! sanctity ( ano9tm5t4 ,x 0 only "u ?is condition t ! social /ructure receiv$ its ju/ification4 ,b s9ce ?is does n exi/1 & m5 9 p[]1 on ! contr>y1 by ! v fact ( _! possession ( p[]1 are nev] sa9tly1 ! social /ructure1 :i* is bas$ on p[]1 %\ld n h any ju/ification4 ,ev5 if !re 0 a "t :51 ) a c]ta9 l[ level ( morality & ) ! univ]sal t5d5cy ( m5 to ex]t viol5ce aga9/ ea* o!r1 ! exi/5ce ( ! p[] :i* limit$ ?is viol5ce 0 advantage\s1 t is1 :5 ! viol5ce ( ! /ate 0 n s great z t ex]t$ by individuals aga9/ ea* o!r1 x is impossible to ov]look ! fact t su* a sup]iority ( ! /ate ov] its abs5ce c\ld n be p]man5t4 ,! m ! t5d5cy ( individuals to ex]t viol5ce 0 dim9i%$1 ! m ! mann]s 7 s(t5$1 & ! m ! p[] 0 corrupt$ 9 consequ5ce ( its unre/ra9t1 ! m did ?is sup]iority gr[ less & less4 ,9 ?is *ange ( ! relation betwe5 ! moral developm5t ( ! masses & ! corruption ( ! gov]nm5ts does ! :ole hi/ory ( ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s consi/4 ,9 ! simple/ =m ! case 0 l ?is3 m5 liv$ by tribes1 families1 races1 & wag$ w>1 committ$ acts ( viol5ce1 & de/roy$ & kill$ "o ano!r4 ,^! cases ( viol5ce took place on a small & on a l>ge scale3 individual /ruggl$ ) individual1 tribe ) tribe1 family ) family1 race ) race1 nation ) nation4 ,l>g]1 m p[]ful aggregates conqu]$ ! weak]1 & ! l>g] & ! m p[]ful ! aggregate ( p became1 ! less int]nal viol5ce took place 9 x1 & ! m secure did ! cont9uance ( ! life ( ! aggregate seem to be4 ,! memb]s ( ! tribe or ( ! family1 unit+ into "o aggregate1 w> less among !mselves1 & ! tribe & ! family d n die1 l "o man1 b cont9ue _! exi/5ce2 betwe5 ! memb]s ( "o /ate1 :o are subject to "o p[]1 ! /ruggle seems ev5 weak]1 & ! life ( ! /ate seems ev5 m secure4 ,^! unions into great] & ev] great] aggregates did n take place because m5 consci\sly recogniz$ su* unions z m advantage\s to !mselves1 z is describ$ 9 ! /ory ab\t ! call+ ( ! ,v>angians1 b 9 consequ5ce1 on ! "o h&1 ( natural gr[?1 & on ! o!r1 ( /ruggle & conque/s4 ,:5 ! conque/ is accompli%$1 ! p[] ( ! conqu]or actually puts an end to int]nec9e /rife1 & ! social concept ( life receives its ju/ification4 ,b ?is confirmation is only tempor>y4 ,int]nal /rifes cease only 9 proportion z ! pressure ( ! p[] is ex]t$ ^u individuals :o h]et(ore h be5 w>r+ aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,! viol5ce ( int]nal /ruggle1 :i* is de/roy$ by ! p[]1 is conceiv$ 9 ! p[] itself4 ,! p[] is 9 ! h&s ( j su* p z all m5 are1 t is1 ( su* z are always or frequ5tly prep>$ to sacrifice ! common good = ! sake ( _! p]sonal good1 ) ?is "o diff]5ce1 t ^! m5 d n h ! temp]+ =ce ( ! c\nt]-action ( ! violat$1 & are subject$ to ! full corrupt+ influ5ce ( p[]4 ,?us ! evil ( viol5ce1 pass+ ov] into ! h&s ( p[]1 keeps gr[+ m & m1 & 9 "t comes to be great] ?an ! "o :i* x is suppos$ to de/roy1 :]eas 9 ! memb]s ( society ! pron5ess to viol5ce keeps weak5+ m & m1 & ! viol5ce ( p[] gr[s less & less necess>y4 ,! gov]nm5tal p[]1 ev5 if x de/roys inn] viol5ce1 inv>iably introduces new =ms ( viol5ce into ! lives ( m51 & ?is gr[s great] & great] 9 proportion ) its cont9uance & int5sification4 ,?us1 al?\gh ! viol5ce is less p]ceptible 9 ! /ate ?an ! viol5ce ( ! memb]s ( society aga9/ "o ano!r1 s9ce x is n express$ by /ruggle1 b by submission1 ! viol5ce none ! less exi/s & = ! mo/ "p 9 a mu* m p[]ful degree ?an be=e4 ,?is _c be o!rwise1 because ! possession ( p[] n only corrupts m51 b ! purpose or ev5 unconsci\s t5d5cy ( ! violators w consi/ 9 br++ ! violat$ to ! greate/ degree ( weak5+1 s9ce1 ! weak] ! violat$ man is1 ! less ef=t w x take to suppress him4 ,= ?is reason ! viol5ce :i* is ex]t$ aga9/ him :o is violat$ keeps gr[+ to ! f>!/ limit :i* x c atta9 )\t kill+ ! h5 t is lay+ ! gold5 eggs4 ,b if ?is h5 does n lay1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 ! ,fijians1 ! ,negroes1 x is kill$1 9 spite ( ! s9c]e prote/ations ( ! philan?ropi/s aga9/ su* a mode ( action4 ,! be/ confirmation ( ?is is f\nd 9 ! condition ( ! lab\r+ classes ( our "t1 :o 9 reality are no?+ b subjugat$ p4 ,9 spite ( all ! hypocritical endeav\rs ( ! high] classes to alleviate ! condition ( ! work+ p1 all ! work+ p ( our _w are subject to an inv>iable iron law1 accord+ to :i* !y h only z mu* z !y ne$ to be always incit$ by necessity to "w & to h ! /r5g? = work+ = _! ma/]s1 t is1 = ! conqu]ors4 ,?us x has always be54 ,9 proportion ) ! duration & increase ( p[]1 its advantages h always be5 lo/ = ^? :o subject$ !mselves to x1 & its disadvantages h be5 increas$4 ,?us x has be5 indep5d5tly ( ^? =ms ( gov]nm5t "u :i* ! nations h liv$4 ,! only diff]5ce is ?is1 t 9 a despotic =m ( gov]nm5t ! p[] is conc5trat$ 9 a small numb] ( violators1 & ! =m ( ! viol5ce is m pron\nc$2 9 ! con/itutional mon>*ies & republics1 z 9 ,france & 9 ,am]ica1 ! p[] is di/ribut$ among a l>g] numb] ( violators1 & its =ms are less pron\nc$2 b ! matt] ( viol5ce1 ) :i* ! disadvantages ( ! p[] are great] ?an its advantages1 & its process1 :i* br+s ! violat$ to ! extreme limit ( weak5+ to :i* !y c be br\ght = ! advantage ( ! violators1 are always "o & ! same4 ,su* has be5 ! condition ( all ! violat$1 b be=e ?is !y did n "k x1 & 9 ! majority ( cases !y believ$ navely t gov]nm5ts exi/$ = _! good2 t )\t gov]nm5t !y w\ld p]i%2 t ! ?\ght t m5 c\ld live )\t gov]nm5ts 0 a blasphemy :i* ought n ev5 be utt]$2 t ?is 0 = "s reason a t]rible doctr9e ( an>*ism1 ) :i* is connect$ ! conception ( ev]y?+ t]rible4 ,m5 believ$1 z 9 some?+ absolutely prov$ & s ne$+ no fur!r pro(s1 t1 s9ce until n[ all ! nations h develop$ 9 a gov]nm5tal =m1 ?is =m 0 = ev] an indisp5sable condition ( ! developm5t ( humanity4 ,?us x w5t on = hundr$s & = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & ! gov]nm5ts1 t is1 m5 9 p[]1 h tri$1 & n[ try m & m1 to keep ! nations 9 ?is error4 ,?us x 0 9 ! "t ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 & ?us x is at pres5t4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t ! idea ( ! uselessness & ev5 h>m ( ! gov]nm5tal viol5ce m & m ent]s into ! consci\sness ( m51 ?is w\ld la/ = ev]1 if ! gov]nm5ts 7 n oblig$ to increase ! armies = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ _! p[]4 ,p g5]ally ?9k t ! armies are increas$ by ! gov]nm5ts = ! purpose ( def5d+ ! /ates aga9/ o!r /ates1 =gett+ ! fact t armies are ne$$ by ! gov]nm5ts = ! purpose ( protect+ !mselves aga9/ _! own cru%$ & enslav$ subjects4 ,?is has always be5 indisp5sable1 & has become m & m necess>y 9 proportion z culture has be5 develop$ among ! nations1 9 proportion z ! int]c\rse among ! m5 ( ! same & ( diff]5t nations has be5 increas$1 & x has become p>ticul>ly indisp5sable n[ 9 connection ) ! communi/ic1 sociali/ic1 an>*i/ic1 & univ]sal movem5ts among ! lab\r+ classes4 ,! gov]nm5ts feel ?is1 & s increase _! ma9 =ce ( ! discipl9$ army4#ac #ac ,! fact t 9 ,am]ica !re exi/ abuses ( p[]1 9 spite ( ! small numb] ( troops1 n only does n contradict1 b ev5 supports ?is proposition4 ,9 ,am]ica !re is a small] army ?an 9 o!r c\ntries1 & s !re is n[h]e a less] oppression ( ! oppress$ classes1 & n[h]e c we =esee s soon ! abolition ( ! abuses ( p[] & ( ! p[] itself4 ,b 9 ,am]ica itself !re h ( late1 9 proportion z ! lab\r+ classes become m unifi$1 be5 he>d voices ask+ m & m frequ5tly = an increase ( ! army1 al?\gh ,am]ica is n ?reat5$ by any ext]nal attack4 ,! high] rul+ classes "k t fifty ?\s& soldi]s w soon be insuffici5t1 &1 no long] dep5d+ on ,p9k]ton's army1 !y feel t ! security ( _! position lies only 9 an increase ( ! army4--,au?or's ,note4 ,answ]+ lately to a "q :y money 0 ne$$ = ! increase ( ! wages ( "u-(fic]s1 ! ,g]man *ancellor decl>$ frankly 9 ! ,g]man ,rei*/ag t !re 0 a ne$ ( reliable "u-(fic]s1 9 ord] to fight aga9/ socialism4 ,caprivi only said 9 ! he>+ ( all :at ev]ybody kn[s1 ?\gh x is c>efully conceal$ f ! nations2 he expla9$ :y gu>ds ( ,swiss & ,scot*m5 7 hir$ out to ,fr5* k+s & ,popes1 & :y 9 ,russia !y c>efully %uffle up ! recruits 9 su* a way t ! regim5ts :i* are locat$ 9 ! c5tre are made up ( recruits f ! outly+ di/ricts1 :ile ! regim5ts 9 ! outly+ di/ricts are complet$ by soldi]s f ! c5tre ( ,russia4 ,! mean+ ( ,caprivi's spee*1 translat$ into simple language1 is ?is1 t money 0 n ne$$ = c\nt]act+ ! =eign enemies1 b = brib+ ! "u-(fic]s1 s z to make !m will+ to act aga9/ ! oppress$ lab\r+ masses4 ,caprivi accid5tally gave utt]ance to :at ev]ybody kn[s1 or feels1 if he does n "k1 namely1 t ! exi/+ /ructure ( life is su* z x is1 n because x naturally mu/ be su*1 because ! nation wants x to be su*1 b because x is ma9ta9$ z su* by ! viol5ce ( ! gov]nm5ts1 by ! army ) its brib$ "u-(fic]s1 (fic]s1 & g5]als4 ,if a lab\r+ man has no l&1 no *ance ( mak+ use ( ! "r1 s natural = e man1 to obta9 f ! l& 8 own means ( support & ^? ( 8 family1 ?is is n s because ! nation wants x to be s1 b because c]ta9 m51 ! own]s ( l&1 are grant$ ! "r to admit1 or n to admit1 ! lab\r+ p to x4 ,& ?is unnatural ord] ( ?+s is ma9ta9$ by means ( ! army4 ,if ! imm5se weal?1 accumulat$ by ! lab\r+ p1 is n consid]$ z belong+ to all m51 b to an exclusive numb] ( m52 if ! p[] to collect taxes f lab\r & to use ! money = any?+ !y may see fit is entru/$ to a few m52 if a few m5 are p]mitt$ to select ! me?od ( ! religi\s & civil in/ruction & education ( ! *ildr52 if /rikes ( ! lab\r]s are oppos$ & /rikes ( ! capitali/s are enc\rag$2 if a few m5 are grant$ ! "r to compose laws1 :i* all mu/ obey1 & to dispose ( m5's prop]ty & life1--all ?is does n take place because ! nation wants x s1 b because ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes want x s1 & by means ( bodily viol5ce e/abli% x s4 ,e p]son :o does n "k ?is w f9d x out 9 e attempt at n con=m+ or at *ang+ ?is ord] ( ?+s4 ,!re=e armies are fir/ ( all indisp5sable to ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! ord] ( ?+s :i* n only does n result f ! necessity ( ! nation1 b is frequ5tly oppos$ to x & is advantage\s only to ! gov]nm5t & to ! rul+ classes4 ,e gov]nm5t ne$s armies1 fir/ ( all1 9 ord] to keep its subjects 9 submission1 & to exploit _! lab\rs4 ,b ! gov]nm5t is n alone2 side by side ) x !re is ano!r gov]nm5t1 :i* exploits its subjects by means ( ! same viol5ce1 & :i* is always ready to take away f ano!r gov]nm5t ! lab\rs ( its already enslav$ subjects4 ,& s e gov]nm5t ne$s an army1 n only = int]nal use1 b also = ! protection ( its booty aga9/ neighb\r+ ravi%]s4 ,e gov]nm5t is 9 consequ5ce ( ?is involunt>ily l$ to ! necessity ( increas+ its army 9 emulation ) ! o!r gov]nm5ts2 b ! increas+ ( armies is contagi\s1 z ,montesquieu rem>k$ #aej ye>s ago4 ,e increase ( an army 9 a /ate1 direct$ aga9/ its subjects1 becomes dang]\s ev5 = its neighb\rs1 & evokes an increase 9 ! neighb\r+ /ates4 ,! armies h rea*$ _! pres5t millions n m]ely because ! neighb\rs ?reat5$ ! /ates2 ?is result$ above all f ! necessity ( cru%+ all attempts at revolt on ! "p ( ! subjects4 ,! increase ( armies arises simultane\sly f two causes1 :i* provoke "o ano!r3 armies are ne$$ aga9/ dome/ic enemies & = ! purpose ( def5d+ "o's position aga9/ "o's neighb\rs4 ,"o conditions ! o!r4 ,! despotism ( a gov]nm5t always increases ) ! increase & /r5g!n+ ( armies & ext]nal successes1 & ! aggressiv5ess ( gov]nm5ts is increas$ ) ! int5sification ( ! int]nal despotism4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! ,european gov]nm5ts1 9 emulat+ "o ano!r 9 ! great] & ev] great] increase ( ! army1 arriv$ at ! inevitable necessity ( ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 s9ce ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice 0 a means = obta9+ 9 "t ( w> ! greate/ quantity ( soldi]s at ! lea/ exp5se4 ,g]many 0 ! fir/ to hit ^u ?is plan1 & ! mom5t "o gov]nm5t did x1 all ! o!rs 7 oblig$ to d ! same4 ,! mom5t ?is happ5$1 x happ5$ t all ! citiz5s 7 put "u arms = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ all t inju/ice :i* 0 committ$ aga9/ !m2 :at happ5$ 0 t all ! citiz5s became oppressors ( !mselves4 ,! univ]sal milit>y s]vice 0 an inevitable logical necessity1 at :i* x 0 impossible n to arrive2 at ! same "t x is ! la/ expression ( ! inn] contradiction ( ! social concept ( life1 :i* arose at a "t :5 viol5ce 0 ne$$ 9 ord] to ma9ta9 x4 ,9 ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice ?is contradiction became obvi\s4 ,inde$1 ! mean+ ( ! social concept ( life consi/s 9 ?is1 t a man1 recogniz+ ! cruelty ( ! /ruggle ( individuals among !mselves & ! p]i%abl5ess ( ! individual himself1 transf]s ! mean+ ( 8 life to ! aggregate ( individuals2 b 9 ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice x turns out t m51 hav+ br\ght all ! sacrifices dem&$ ( !m1 9 ord] to free !mselves f ! cruelty ( ! /ruggle & ! insecurity ( life1 are1 aft] all ! sacrifices :i* !y h made1 aga9 call$ to be> all ^? dang]s f :i* !y ?\ght !y _h fre$ !mselves1 &1 besides1 t aggregate1 ! /ate1 9 ! "n ( :i* ! individuals r5\nc$ _! advantages1 is aga9 subject$ to ! same dang] ( de/ruction to :i* ! individual himself 0 subject$ be=e4 ,! gov]nm5ts 7 to h fre$ m5 f ! cruelty ( ! /ruggle ( individuals & to h giv5 !m ! assurance ( ! inviolability ( ! ord] ( ! /ate life2 b1 in/ead1 !y impose ^u ! individuals ! necessity ( ! same /ruggle1 except t ! /ruggle ) ! ne>e/ individuals is transf]r$ to ! /ruggle ) ! individuals ( o!r /ates1 & !y leave ! same dang] ( ! de/ruction ( ! individual & ( ! /ate4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice is l :at w\ld happ5 if a man 7 to brace up a dilapidat$ h\se3 ! walls b5d inw>ds--supports are put up2 ! ceil+ is sagg+ d[n--o!r supports are put up2 bo>ds hang d[n betwe5 ! supports--"s m supports are put up4 ,a po9t is f9ally rea*$ :5 ! supports inde$ hold ! h\se toge!r1 b x is impossible to live 9 ! h\se because !re are s _m supports4 ,! same is true ( ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice4 ,x de/roys all ^? advantages ( ! social life :i* x is call$ to pres]ve4 ,! advantages ( ! social life consi/ 9 ! security ( prop]ty & lab\r & 9 ! cop]ation 9 ! aggregate p]fection ( life1--! univ]sal milit>y s]vice de/roys all t4 ,! taxes :i* are collect$ f ! masses = w> prep>ations swall[ ! great] %>e ( ! production ( lab\r :i* ! army is suppos$ to protect4 ,! te>+ away ( ! m5 f ! habitual c\rse ( life impairs ! possibility ( ! "w itself4 ,! m5aces ( a w> t is likely to break out at any "t make all ! p]fections ( ! social life useless & 9 va94 ,if a man 0 =m]ly told t if he did n submit to ! p[] ( ! /ate he w\ld be subject$ to ! attacks ( evil m51 ( ext]nal & int]nal enemies2 t he w\ld be compell$ himself to /ruggle ) !m & to subject himself to be+ kill$2 t !re=e x w\ld be advantage\s = him to be> c]ta9 privations1 9 ord] to free himself f ^! calamities1--he 0 able to believe x all1 because ! sacrifices :i* he made = ! /ate 7 only private sacrifices & gave him ! hope = a peaceful life 9 an imp]i%able /ate1 9 ! "n ( :i* he made ^! sacrifices4 ,b n[1 :5 ^! sacrifices h n only increas$ t5fold1 b ! advantages promis$ to him are abs5t1 x is natural = any "o to imag9e t 8 submission to p[] is q useless4 ,b n 9 ?is alone lies ! fatal significance ( ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 z a manife/ation ( t contradiction :i* is conta9$ 9 ! social concept ( life4 ,! ma9 manife/ation ( ?is contradiction consi/s 9 ! fact t ) ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice e citiz51 ^u becom+ a soldi]1 becomes a support] ( ! /ate /ructure1 & a p>ticipant 9 ev]y?+ :i* ! gov]nm5t does & ! legality ( :i* he does n recognize4 ,! gov]nm5ts ass]t t ! armies are ne$$ ma9ly = ! purpose ( ext]nal def5ce2 b t is n true4 ,!y are ne$$ fir/ ( all aga9/ _! subjects1 & e man :o does milit>y s]vice involunt>ily becomes a p>ticipant 9 all ! viol5ce :i* ! /ate ex]ts ov] its own subjects4 ,to conv9ce himself t e man :o does 8 milit>y s]vice becomes a p>ticipant 9 su* de$s ( ! gov]nm5t z he does n ackn[l$ge & _c ackn[l$ge1 let a man only rememb] :at is be+ done 9 e /ate 9 ! "n ( ord] & ( ! good ( ! nation1 ?+s :i* ! army appe>s z ! executor (4 ,all ! /ruggles ( dyna/ies & ( ! v>i\s p>ties1 all ! executions1 :i* are connect$ ) ^! di/urbances1 all ! suppressions ( revolts1 all ! employm5t ( milit>y =ce = ! disp]sion ( popul> cr[ds1 ! suppression ( /rikes1 all ! extortions ( taxes1 all ! inju/ice ( ! di/ribution ( ! own]%ip ( l&1 all ! oppressions ( lab\r1--all ?is is produc$1 if n directly by ! armies1 at lea/ by ! police1 :i* is support$ by ! armies4 ,he :o does milit>y s]vice becomes a p>ticipant 9 all ^! matt]s1 :i* 9 "s cases are d\btful to him & 9 _m cases are directly oppos$ to 8 consci5ce4 ,"s p d n wi% to leave ! l& :i* !y h be5 work+ = g5]ations2 p d n wi% to disp]se1 z !y are comm&$ to d by ! gov]nm5t2 p d n want to pay ! taxes :i* are exact$ ( !m2 p d n wi% to recognize ! obligator9ess = !m ( laws :i* !y h n made2 p d n wi% to be depriv$ ( _! nationality1--& ,i1 by do+ milit>y s]vice1 am oblig$ to come & beat ^! p4 ,be+ a p>ticipant 9 ^! de$s1 ,i _c help b ask myself :e!r ^! de$s are good1 & :e!r ,i ought to contribute to _! execution4 ,univ]sal milit>y s]vice is = ! gov]nm5t ! la/ degree ( viol5ce1 :i* is necess>y = ! support ( ! :ole /ructure2 & = ! subjects x is ! extreme limit ( ! possibility ( _! ob$i5ce4 ,x is t key/one :i* holds ! walls & ! extraction ( :i* causes ! build+ to cave 94 ,! "t came :5 ! gr[+ abuses ( ! gov]nm5ts & _! /rifes among !mselves _h ?is effect1 t f e subject !re 7 dem&$1 n only mat]ial1 b also moral sacrifices1 :5 e man _h to /op & ask himself1 ,c ,i make ^! sacrifices8 ,& 9 ! "n ( :at mu/ ,i make ^! sacrifices8 ,^! sacrifices are dem&$ 9 ! "n ( ! /ate4 ,9 ! "n ( ! /ate !y dem& ( me ! r5unciation ( ev]y?+ :i* may be de> to man1 ( peace1 ( family1 ( security1 ( human dignity4 ,:at is t /ate 9 ! "n ( :i* su* t]rible sacrifices are dem&$ ( me8 ,& :y is x s indisp5sably necess>y8 ,! /ate1 we are told1 is indisp5sably necess>y1 9 ! fir/ place1 because )\t ! /ate1 ,i & all ( u w\ld n be protect$ aga9/ viol5ce & ! attack ( evil m52 9 ! second place1 )\t ! /ate all ( u w\ld be savages1 & w\ld h no religi\s1 nor educational1 nor m]cantile in/itutions1 nor roads ( communication1 nor any o!r public e/abli%m5ts2 &1 9 ! ?ird place1 because )\t ! /ate we %\ld be subject to enslavem5t by neighb\r+ nations4 ,)\t ! /ate1 we are told1 we %\ld be subject to viol5ce & to ! attacks ( evil m5 9 our own c\ntry4 ,b :o among u are ^! evil m51 f ! viol5ce & attacks ( :om ! /ate & its army save u8 ,if ?ree1 f\r c5turies ago1 :5 m5 boa/$ ( _! milit>y art & _! acc\trem5ts1 :5 x 0 consid]$ a virtue to kill m51 !re exi/$ su* m51 !re are none n[1 = no m5 ( ! pres5t "t use or c>ry weapons1 & all1 pr(ess+ ! rules ( philan?ropy & ( compassion = _! neighb\rs1 wi% ! same z we1--! possibility ( a calm & peaceful life4 ,!re n[ are no long] ^? p>ticul> violators aga9/ :om ! /ate %\ld def5d u4 ,b if1 by ! p1 f ^: attack ! /ate saves u1 we are to und]/& ^? m5 :o commit crimes1 we "k t !y are n "s especial be+s1 l rapaci\s animals among ! %eep1 b j su* p z we are1 :o are j z dis9cl9$ to commit crimes z ^? aga9/ :om !y commit !m4 ,we "k n[ t ?reats & puni%m5ts _c dim9i% ! numb] ( su* m51 & t x is only ! *ange ( surr\nd+s & ! moral influ5ce ^u p t dim9i% x4 ,?us ! explanation ( ! necessity ( gov]nm5tal viol5ce = ! purpose ( def5d+ m5 aga9/ violators may h _h a basis ?ree or f\r c5turies ago1 b has none at ! pres5t "t4 ,n[ ! contr>y w\ld be m correct1 namely1 t ! activity ( ! gov]nm5ts1 ) _! morality :i* has fall5 beh9d ! common level1 ) _! cruel me?ods ( puni%m5ts1 ( prisons1 ( h>d lab\r1 ( gall[s1 ( guillot9es1 r contributes to ! brutalization ( ! masses ?an to ! s(t5+ ( _! mann]s1 & s r to ! increase ?an to ! dim9ution ( ! numb] ( violators4 ,)\t ! /ate1 !y also say1 !re w\ld n be all ^? in/itutions ( education1 ( le>n+1 ( religion1 ( roads ( communication1 & o!rs4 ,)\t ! /ate m5 w\ld n be able to e/abli% ! public ?+s :i* are indisp5sable = all m54 ,b ?is argum5t1 too1 c\ld h a basis only sev]al c5turies ago4 ,if !re 0 a "t :5 m5 7 s disunit$ among !mselves & ! means = a clos] union & = ! transmission ( ?\ght 7 s little work$ out t !y c\ld n come to any und]/&+ nor agree ^u any common m]cantile1 or economical1 or cultural matt] )\t ! m$ium ( ! /ate1 !re n[ no long] exi/s su* a disunion4 ,! widely develop$ means = communion & = ! transmission ( ?\ght h _h ?is effect1 t1 = ! =mation ( societies1 assemblies1 corporations1 congresses1 le>n$1 economic1 or political in/itutions1 ! m5 ( our "t c get along )\t any gov]nm5t1 & ! gov]nm5ts 9 ! majority ( cases are m likely to int]f]e ) ! atta9m5t ( ^! ends ?an to cop]ate ) x4 ,beg9n+ ) ! end ( ! la/ c5tury1 almo/ e =w>d /ep ( humanity has n only n be5 enc\rag$ by ! gov]nm5t1 b has always be5 ret>d$ by x4 ,?us x 0 ) ! abolition ( corporal puni%m5t1 ( torture1 ( slav]y1 & ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ! fre$om ( ! press & ( assemblies4 ,9 our "t ! p[] ( ! /ate & ! gov]nm5ts n only fail to cop]ate )1 b are di/9ctly oppos$ to1 all t activity by means ( :i* m5 "w out new =ms ( life4 ,! solutions ( lab\r+1 agronomic1 political1 religi\s que/ions are n only n enc\rag$1 b directly int]f]$ ) by ! p[] ( ! /ate4 ,)\t ! /ate & ! gov]nm5t1 ! nations w\ld be enslav$ by _! neighb\rs4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to retort to ?is la/ argum5t4 ,! retort is f\nd 9 itself4 ,! gov]nm5ts1 s we are told1 are necess>y ) _! armies = ! purpose ( def5d+ u aga9/ our neighb\rs1 :o might enslave u4 ,b ?is is :at all ! gov]nm5ts say ( "o ano!r1 & at ! same "t we "k t all ! ,european nations pr(ess ! same pr9ciples ( fre$om & ( bro!rhood1 & s are 9 no ne$ ( def5d+ !mselves aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,b if protection aga9/ b>b>ians is meant1 !n "o-?\s&? ( all ! armies n[ "u arms w\ld suffice4 ,?us ! contr>y to :at is ass]t$ is :at actually happ5s3 ! p[] ( ! /ate1 f> f sav+ u f ! attacks ( our neighb\rs1 on ! contr>y causes ! dang] ( ! attacks4 ,?us a man1 :o by means ( 8 milit>y s]vice is plac$ "u ! necessity ( ?9k+ ab\t ! significance ( ! /ate1 9 ! "n ( :i* ! sacrifice ( 8 peace1 8 security1 & 8 life is dem&$ ( him1 _c help b see cle>ly t = ^! sacrifices !re no long] exi/s any basis 9 our "t4 ,b x is n only by !oretical reflections t any man may see t ! sacrifices dem&$ ( him by ! /ate h no f\ndation :atev]2 ev5 by reflect+ practically1 t is1 by weigh+ all ^? h>d conditions 9 :i* a man is plac$ by ! /ate1 no "o c fail to see t = him p]sonally ! fulfilm5t ( ! dem&s ( ! /ate & 8 submission to milit>y s]vice is 9 ! majority ( cases m disadvantage\s ?an a refusal to d milit>y s]vice4 ,if ! majority ( m5 pref] submission to insubmission1 ?is is n due to any sob] weigh+ ( ! advantages & disadvantages1 b because ! m5 are attract$ to submission by means ( ! hypnotization to :i* !y are subject$ 9 ! matt]4 ,9 submitt+1 m5 only surr5d] !mselves to ^? dem&s :i* are made ^u !m1 )\t reflection1 & )\t mak+ any ef=t ( ! w2 = insubmission !re is a ne$ ( indep5d5t reflection & ( ef=t1 ( :i* n e man is capable4 ,b if1 exclud+ ! moral significance ( submission & insubmission1 we %\ld consid] no?+ b ! advantages1 insubmission w\ld 9 g5]al always be m advantage\s to u ?an submission4 ,no matt] :o ,i may be1 :e!r ,i belong to ! well-to-d1 oppress+ classes1 or to ! oppress$ lab\r+ classes1 ! disadvantages ( insubmission are less ?an ! disadvantages ( submission1 & ! advantages ( insubmission are great] ?an ! advantages ( submission4 ,if ,i belong to ! m9ority ( oppressors1 ! disadvantages ( insubmission to ! dem&s ( ! gov]nm5t w consi/ 9 ?is1 t ,i1 refus+ to comply ) ! dem&s ( ! gov]nm5t1 %all be tri$ & at be/ %all be dis*>g$ or1 z !y d ) ! ,m5nonites1 %all be compell$ to s]ve out my "t at "s unmilit>y "w2 9 ! wor/ case ,i %all be condemn$ to deportation or imprisonm5t = two or ?ree ye>s 7,i speak f examples t h happ5$ 9 ,russia71 or1 p]haps1 to a long] t]m ( inc>c]ation1 or to dea?1 ?\gh ! probability ( su* a p5alty is v small4 ,su* are ! disadvantages ( insubmission2 b ! disadvantages ( submission w consi/ 9 ?is3 at be/ ,i %all n be s5t out to kill m51 & ,i myself %all n be subject$ to any great probability ( crippl+ or dea?1 b %all only be enli/$ z a milit>y slave1--,i %all be dress$ up 9 a fool's g>m5ts2 ,i %all be at ! m]cy ( e man above me 9 rank1 f a corporal to a field-m>%al2 ,i %all be compell$ to contort my body accord+ to _! desire1 &1 aft] be+ kept f "o to five ye>s1 ,i %all be left = t5 ye>s 9 a condition ( read9ess to appe> at any mom5t = ! purpose ( go+ ?r\gh all ^! ?+s aga94 ,9 ! wor/ case ,i %all1 9 addition to all ^? previ\s conditions ( slav]y1 be s5t to w>1 :]e ,i %all be compell$ to kill m5 ( o!r nations1 :o h done me no h>m1 :]e ,i may be crippl$ & kill$1 & :]e ,i may get into a place1 z happ5$ at ,seva/opol & z happ5s 9 e w>1 :]e m5 are s5t to c]ta9 dea?2 &1 :at is mo/ agoniz+1 ,i may be s5t out aga9/ my own c\ntrym51 :5 ,i %all be compell$ to kill my bro!rs = dyna/ic or o!r reasons1 :i* are entirely ali5 to me4 ,su* are ! comp>ative disadvantages4 ,! comp>ative advantages ( submission & ( insubmission are ^!3 ,= him :o has n refus$1 ! advantages w consi/ 9 ?is1 t1 hav+ submitt$ to all ! humiliations & hav+ execut$ all ! cruelties dem&$ ( him1 he may1 if he is n kill$1 receive r$1 gold51 t9-foil decorations ov] 8 fool's g>m5ts1 & he may at be/ comm& hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( j su* be/ializ$ m5 z himself1 & be call$ a field-m>%al1 & receive a lot ( money4 ,b ! advantages ( him :o refuses w consi/ 9 ?is1 t he w reta9 8 human dignity1 w e>n ! respect ( good m51 &1 above all else1 w "k )\t fail t he is do+ ,god's "w1 & s an inconte/able good to m54 ,su* are ! advantages & ! disadvantages on bo? sides = a man f ! weal?y classes1 = an oppressor2 = a man ( ! poor1 work+ classes ! advantages & disadvantages w be ! same1 b ) an important addition ( disadvantages4 ,! disadvantages = a man ( ! lab\r+ classes1 :o has n refus$ to d milit>y s]vice1 w also consi/ 9 ?is1 t1 by ent]+ ^u milit>y s]vice1 he by 8 p>ticipation & seem+ cons5t confirms ! v oppression "u :i* he is suff]+4 ,b x is n ! reflections z to h[ mu* ! /ate :i* m5 are call$ ^u to support by _! p>ticipation 9 ! milit>y s]vice is necess>y & useful to m51 mu* less ! reflections z to ! advantages or disadvantages accru+ to ea* man f 8 submission or insubmission to ! dem&s ( ! gov]nm5t1 t decide ! "q z to ! necessity ( ! exi/5ce or ! abolition ( ! /ate4 ,:at irrevocably & )\t appeal decides ?is "q is ! religi\s consci\sness or consci5ce ( e individual man1 be=e :om1 9 connection ) ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 involunt>ily rises ! "q z to ! exi/5ce or non-exi/5ce ( ! /ate4 ,,viii4 ,p frequ5tly say t if ,*ri/ianity is a tru?1 x ought to h be5 accept$ by all m5 at its v appe>ance1 & ought at t v mom5t to h *ang$ ! lives ( m5 & made !m bett]4 ,b to say ?is is ! same z say+ t if ! se$ is f]tile1 x mu/ imm$iately produce a spr\t1 a fl[]1 & a fruit4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ is no legislation :i*1 be+ introduc$ by viol5ce1 c at once *ange ! lives ( m54 ,*ri/ianity is ano!r1 new]1 high] concept ( life1 :i* is diff]5t f ! previ\s "o4 ,b ! new concept ( life _c be prescrib$2 x c only be freely adopt$4 ,n[ ! new life-conception c be acquir$ only 9 two ways3 9 a spiritual 7int]nal7 & an exp]im5tal 7ext]nal7 way4 ,"s p--! m9ority--imm$iately1 at once1 by a prophetic feel+ div9e ! tru? ( ! tea*+1 ab&on !mselves to x1 & execute x4 ,o!rs--! majority--are l$ only ?r\gh a long pa? ( errors1 exp]i5ces1 & suff]+s to ! recognition ( ! tru? ( ! tea*+ & ! necessity ( acquir+ x4 ,x is to ?is necessity ( acquir+ ! tea*+ 9 an exp]im5tal ext]nal way t ! :ole mass ( ! m5 ( ! ,*ri/ian _w h n[ be5 br\ght4 ,sometimes we ?9k3 :at ne$ 0 !re = t corruption ( ,*ri/ianity :i* ev5 n[ m ?an any?+ else int]f]es ) its adoption 9 its real s5se8 ,& yet ?is corruption ( ,*ri/ianity1 hav+ br\ght m5 to ! condition 9 :i* !y n[ are1 0 a necess>y condition = ! majority ( m5 to be able to receive x 9 its real significance4 ,if ,*ri/ianity _h be5 (f]$ to m5 9 its real1 & n its corrupt$1 =m1 x w\ld n h be5 accept$ by ! majority ( m51 & ! majority ( m5 w\ld h rema9$ ali5 to x1 z ! nations ( ,asia are ali5 to x at ! pres5t "t4 ,b1 hav+ receiv$ x 9 its corrupt$ =m1 ! nations :o receiv$ x 7 subject$ to its c]ta91 ?\gh sl[1 action1 & by a long exp]im5tal road ( errors & ( suff]+s result+ !refrom are n[ br\ght to ! necessity ( acquir+ x 9 its true s5se4 ,! corruption ( ,*ri/ianity & its acceptance 9 its corrupt$ =m by ! majority ( m5 0 z indisp5sable z t a se$1 to spr\t1 %\ld be = a "t conceal$ by ! e>?4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ is a tea*+ ( ! tru? & at ! same "t a prophecy4 ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ reveal$ to m5 ! tru? ( h[ !y %\ld live1 & at ! same "t pr$ict$ :at human life w\ld be if m5 w\ld n live ?us1 b w\ld cont9ue to live by ^? pr9ciples by :i* !y _h liv$ h]et(ore1 & :at x w\ld be if !y %\ld accept ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ & %\ld c>ry x out 9 life4 ,9 imp>t+ 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt ! tea*+ :i* 0 to guide ! lives ( m51 ,*ri/ said3 ,!re=e1 :osoev] he>e? ^! say+s ( m9e1 & doe? !m1 ,i w lik5 him unto a wise man1 :i* built 8 h\se ^u a rock3 & ! ra9 desc5d$1 & ! floods came1 & ! w9ds blew1 & beat ^u t h\se2 & x fell n3 = x 0 f\nd$ ^u a rock4 ,& e "o t he>e? ^! say+s ( m9e1 & doe? !m n1 %all be lik5$ unto a fooli% man1 :i* built 8 h\se ^u ! s&3 & ! ra9 desc5d$1 & ! floods came1 & ! w9ds blew1 & beat ^u t h\se2 & x fell3 & great 0 ! fall ( x 7,matt4 vii4 #bd-bg74 ,n[1 aft] eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 ! prophecy has be5 fulfill$4 ,by n foll[+ ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 g5]al & its manife/ation 9 public life z non-resi/ance to evil1 m5 involunt>ily came to t position ( inevitable ru9 :i* 0 promis$ by ,*ri/ to ^? :o w\ld n foll[ ,8 tea*+4 ,p frequ5tly ?9k t ! "q ( non-resi/ance to evil is an inv5t$ "q1 a "q :i* x is possible to circumv5t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a "q :i* life itself puts be=e all m5 & be=e e ?9k+ man1 & :i* inv>iably dem&s a solution4 ,= m5 9 _! public life ?is "q has1 ev] s9ce ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ has be5 prea*$1 be5 ! same z ! "q = a travell] :i* road to take1 :5 he comes to a =k on ! highway on :i* he has be5 walk+4 ,he mu/ g on1 & he _c say1 ,i w n ?9k1 & ,i w cont9ue to walk z be=e4 ,be=e ?is !re 0 "o road1 & n[ !re are two ( !m1 & x is impossible to walk z be=e1 & "o ( ! two roads mu/ inevitably be *os54 ,ev5 s x has be5 impossible to say1 ev] s9ce ,*ri/'s tea*+ 0 made kn[n to m51 ,i w cont9ue to live z ,i liv$ be=e1 )\t solv+ ! "q z to resi/+ or n resi/+ evil by means ( viol5ce4 ,x is inevitably necess>y at ! appe>ance ( e /ruggle to solve ! "q1 ,%all ,i ) viol5ce resi/ t :i* ,i consid] to be an evil & viol5ce1 or n8 ,! "q z to resi/+ or n resi/+ evil by means ( viol5ce appe>$ :5 !re arose ! fir/ /ruggle among m51 s9ce e /ruggle is no?+ b a resi/ance by means ( viol5ce to :at ea* ( ! cont5d+ p>ties consid]s to be an evil4 ,b ! m5 be=e ,*ri/ did n see t ! resi/ance by means ( viol5ce to :at ea* consid]s to be an evil1 only because he reg>ds z an evil :at ano!r reg>ds z a good1 is only "o ( ! means ( solv+ ! /ruggle1 & t ano!r means consi/s 9 n at all resi/+ evil by means ( viol5ce4 ,previ\s to ,*ri/'s tea*+ x appe>$ to m5 t !re 0 b "o way ( solv+ a /ruggle1 & t 0 by resi/+ evil ) viol5ce1 & s !y did1 ea* ( ! cont5d+ p>ties try+ to conv9ce himself & o!rs t :at ea* ( !m consid]$ to be an evil 0 a real1 absolute evil4 ,& s s9ce mo/ remote times m5 h endeav\r$ to discov] su* def9itions ( evil z w\ld be obligatory = all m51 & z su* 7 giv5 out ! /atutes ( law :i*1 x 0 assum$1 7 receiv$ 9 a sup]natural mann]1 or ! injunctions ( m5 or ( assemblies ( m51 to :om is ascrib$ ! quality ( infallibility4 ,m5 h employ$ viol5ce aga9/ o!r m5 & h assur$ !mselves & o!rs t !y h employ$ ?is viol5ce aga9/ ! evil1 :i* 0 ackn[l$g$ by all m54 ,?is means has be5 employ$ s9ce remote antiquity1 especially by ^? m5 :o usurp$ ! p[]1 & m5 = a long "t did n see ! irrationality ( ?is means4 ,b ! long] m5 liv$1 ! m complex _! relations became1 ! m obvi\s did x become t x 0 irrational by means ( viol5ce to resi/ t :i* is by e "o reg>d$ z an evil1 t ! /ruggle 0 n dim9i%$ by do+ s1 & t no human def9itions c\ld succe$ 9 mak+ t :i* 0 consid]$ to be evil by "o set ( m5 consid]$ su* by o!rs4 ,ev5 at ! "t ( ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! place :]e x made its appe>ance1 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 x 0 cle> = ! majority ( m5 t :at by ,n]o & ,caligula 0 consid]$ to be an evil :i* ought to be resi/$ ) viol5ce c\ld n be consid]$ an evil by o!r m54 ,ev5 !n m5 began to und]/& t human laws :i* 7 giv5 out z be+ div9e _h be5 writt5 by m51 t m5 c\ld n be infallible1 no matt] ) :at ext]nal gr&eur !y might be ve/$1 & t err+ m5 c\ld n become infallible simply because !y came toge!r & call$ !mselves a s5ate or "s su* "n4 ,?is 0 ev5 !n felt & und]/ood by _m1 & x 0 !n t ,*ri/ prea*$ ,8 tea*+1 :i* did n consi/ simply 9 ?is1 t evil ought n to be resi/$ by means ( viol5ce1 b 9 ! tea*+ ( ! new compreh5sion ( life1 a "p1 or r an application ( :i* to public life 0 ! tea*+ ab\t ! means = aboli%+ ! /ruggle among all m51 n by oblig+ only "o "p ( m5 )\t a /ruggle to submit to :at w\ld be prescrib$ to !m by c]ta9 au?orities1 b by hav+ no "o1 consequ5tly ev5 n ^? 7& prem95tly n ^?7 :o rule1 employ viol5ce aga9/ any "o1 & "u no consid]ation4 ,! tea*+ 0 at t "t accept$ by b a small numb] ( disciples2 b ! majority ( m51 especially all ^? :o rul$ ov] m51 cont9u$ aft] ! nom9al acceptance ( ,*ri/ianity to hold to ! rule ( viol5tly resi/+ t :i* !y consid]$ to be evil4 ,?us x 0 9 ! "t ( ! ,roman & ! ,byzant9e emp]ors1 & s x cont9u$ ev5 aft]w>d4 ,! inadequacy ( ! pr9ciple ( def9+ ) au?ority :at is evil & resi/+ x ) viol5ce1 :i* 0 already obvi\s 9 ! fir/ c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity1 became ev5 m obvi\s dur+ ! decomposition ( ! ,roman ,empire into _m /ates ( equal "r1 ) _! mutual ho/ilities & ! inn] /ruggles :i* took place 9 ! sep>ate /ates4 ,b m5 7 n prep>$ to receive ! solution :i* 0 giv5 by ,*ri/1 & ! =m] means = ! def9ition ( ! evil1 :i* _h to be resi/$ by e/abli%+ laws :i*1 be+ obligatory = all1 7 c>ri$ out by ! use ( =ce1 cont9u$ to be appli$4 ,! arbit] ( :at 0 to be consid]$ an evil & :at 0 to be resi/$ by means ( =ce 0 n[ ! ,pope1 n[ ! emp]or1 n[ ! k+1 n[ an assembly ( ! elect1 n[ ! :ole nation4 ,b bo? inside & outside ! /ate !re always exi/$ "s m5 :o did n recognize ! obligator9ess = !mselves ei!r ( ! injunctions :i* 7 giv5 out to be ! comm&s ( ! div9ity1 or ( ! decrees ( m5 :o 7 ve/$ ) sanctity1 or ( ! in/itutions :i* purport$ to repres5t ! w ( ! p1 & ^! m51 :o consid]$ to be good :at ! exi/+ p[]s reg>d$ z evil1 f\ght aga9/ ! p[]s1 us+ ! same viol5ce :i* 0 direct$ aga9/ !mselves4 ,m5 :o 7 ve/$ ) sanctity reg>d$ z evil :at m5 & in/itutions t 7 ve/$ ) civil p[] consid]$ to be good1 & vice v]sa1 & ! /ruggle became ev] m acute4 ,& ! m su* p held to ?is me?od = solv+ _! /ruggle1 ! m obvi\s did x become t ?is me?od 0 useless1 because !re is & !re c be no su* ext]nal au?ority = ! def9ition ( evil z w\ld be recogniz$ by all m54 ,?us x la/$ = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 & x rea*$ ! pres5t po9t1--! complete obvi\sness ( ! fact t !re is & !re c be no ext]nal def9ition ( evil :i* w\ld be obligatory = all m54 ,x rea*$ su* a po9t t m5 ceas$ to believe 9 ! possibility ( f9d+ ?is common def9ition :i* w\ld be obligatory = all m51 & ev5 9 ! necessity ( putt+ =w>d su* a def9ition4 ,x came to su* a pass t ! m5 9 p[] /opp$ prov+ t t :i* !y consid]$ to be an evil 0 an evil1 & said outright t !y consid]$ t an evil :i* did n please !m2 & ! m5 :o obey$ ! p[] began to obey x1 n because !y believ$ t ! def9itions ( evil giv5 by ?is p[] 7 correct1 b only because !y c\ld n help b obey4 ,nice is add$ to ,france1 ,lorra9e to ,g]many1 ,bohemia to ,au/ria2 ,pol& is divid$2 ,irel& & ,india are subject$ to ,engli% rule2 w> is wag$ aga9/ ,*9a & ! ,africans2 ! ,am]icans expel ! ,*9ese1 & ! ,russians oppress ! ,jews2 ! l&[n]s use ! l& :i* !y d n "w1 & ! capitali/s make use ( ! lab\rs ( o!rs1 n because ?is is good1 useful1 & ne$ful to m5 & because ! contr>y is evil1 b because ^? :o are 9 p[] want x to be s4 ,:at has happ5$ is :at happ5s n[3 "o set ( m5 commit acts ( viol5ce1 no long] 9 ! "n ( resi/+ evil1 b 9 ! "n ( _! advantage or :im1 :ile ano!r set submit to viol5ce1 n because !y assume1 z 0 ! case =m]ly1 t viol5ce is ex]t$ aga9/ !m 9 ! "n ( free+ !m f evil & = _! good1 b only because !y _c free !mselves f ?is viol5ce4 ,if a ,roman1 a man ( ! ,middle ,ages1 a ,russian1 z ,i rememb] him to h be5 fifty ye>s ago1 0 inconte/ably conv9c$ t ! exi/+ viol5ce ( ! p[] 0 necess>y 9 ord] to free him f evil1 t taxes1 levies1 s]f law1 prisons1 :ips1 kn\ts1 h>d lab\r1 capital puni%m5t1 milit>ism1 w>s1 mu/ exi/1--x w be h>d n[ to f9d a man :o ei!r believes t all acts ( viol5ce free any "o f any?+1 or ev5 does n see cle>ly t ! majority ( all ^? cases ( viol5ce to :i* he is subject & 9 :i* he p>tly %>es are 9 !mselves a great & useless evil4 ,!re is n[ no su* a man :o does n see1 n only ! uselessness1 b ev5 ! insipidity1 ( collect+ taxes f ! lab\r+ classes = ! purpose ( enri*+ idle (ficials2 or ! s5selessness ( impos+ puni%m5ts ^u corrupt & weak p 9 ! %ape ( deportation f "o place to ano!r1 or 9 ! =m ( imprisonm5t 9 jails1 :]e !y live 9 security & idl5ess & become m corrupt$ & weak5$2 or1 n ! uselessness & insipidity1 b simply ! madness & cruelty ( milit>y prep>ations & w>s1 :i* ru9 & de/roy ! masses & h no explanation & ju/ification1--& yet ^! cases ( viol5ce are cont9u$ & ev5 ma9ta9$ by ! v m5 :o see _! uselessness1 insipidity1 & cruelty1 & suff] f !m4 ,if fifty ye>s ago a ri* idle man & an ignorant lab\r+ man 7 bo? equally conv9c$ t _! condition ( an et]nal holiday = ! "o & ( et]nal lab\r = ! o!r 0 orda9$ by ,god ,himself1 x is n[1 n only 9 ,europe1 b ev5 9 ,russia1 ?anks to ! migration ( ! populace1 & ! dissem9ation ( culture & pr9t+1 h>d to f9d ei!r a ri* or a poor man :o1 f "o side or ano!r1 has n be5 assail$ by d\bts ( ! ju/ice ( su* an ord] ( ?+s4 ,n only d ! ri* "k t !y are guilty ev5 because !y are ri*1 & try to r$eem _! guilt by (f]+ contributions to art & sci5ce1 z =m]ly !y r$eem$ _! s9s by means ( contributions to ! *ur*es1 b ev5 ! great] half ( ! work+ p recognize ! pres5t ord] z be+ false & subject to de/ruction or *ange4 ,"o set ( religi\s p1 ( :om !re are millions 9 ,russia1 ! s-call$ sect>ians1 recognize ?is ord] z false & subject to de/ruction on ! basis ( ! ,gospel tea*+ z tak5 9 its real mean+2 o!rs consid] x to be false on ! basis ( sociali/ic1 communi/ic1 an>*i/ic !ories1 :i* n[ h p5etrat$ into ! l[] /rata ( ! work+ p4 ,viol5ce is n[ no long] ma9ta9$ on ! gr\nd t x is necess>y1 b only t x has exi/$ = a long "t1 & has be5 s organiz$ by m5 to :om x is advantage\s1 t is1 by gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes1 t ! m5 :o are 9 _! p[] _c te> !mselves away f x4 ,! gov]nm5ts 9 our "t--all gov]nm5ts1 ! mo/ despotic & ! mo/ lib]al--h become :at ,h]z5 s aptly call$ ,dzh+is-,khans ) telegraphs1 t is1 organizations ( viol5ce1 :i* h no?+ at _! base b ! co>se/ arbitr>y w1 & yet use all ^? means :i* sci5ce has work$ out = ! aggregate social peaceful activity ( free & equal m51 & :i* !y n[ employ = ! enslavem5t & oppression ( m54 ,! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes d n n[ lean on ! "r1 n ev5 on ! semblance ( ju/ice1 b on an artificial organization :i*1 ) ! aid ( ! p]fections ( sci5ce1 encloses all m5 9 ! circle ( viol5ce1 f :i* !re is no possibility ( te>+ !mselves away4 ,?is circle is n[ compos$ ( f\r means ( influ5c+ m54 ,all ^? means are connect$ & su/a9 "o ano!r1 z ! l9ks 9 ! r+ ( a unit$ *a94 ,! fir/1 ! olde/1 means is ! means ( intimidation4 ,?is means consi/s 9 repres5t+ ! exi/+ /ate /ructure 7no matt] :at x may be1--:e!r a free republic or ! wilde/ despotism7 z some?+ sacr$ & inv>iable1 & s 9 inflict+ ! sev]e/ p5alties = any attempt at *ang+ x4 ,?is means1 hav+ be5 us$ be=e1 is ev5 n[ us$ 9 an un*ang$ =m :]ev] !re are gov]nm5ts3 9 ,russia--aga9/ ! s-call$ nihili/s2 9 ,am]ica--aga9/ ! an>*i/s2 9 ,france--aga9/ ! imp]iali/s1 mon>*i/s1 communi/s1 & an>*i/s4 ,! railways1 telegraphs1 photographs1 & ! p]fect$ me?od ( remov+ p1 )\t kill+ !m1 into et]nal solit>y conf9em5t1 :]e1 hidd5 f m51 !y p]i% & are =gott51 & _m o!r mod]n inv5tions1 :i* gov]nm5ts employ m freely ?an any "o else1 give !m su* /r5g? t z soon z ! p[] has fall5 into c]ta9 h&s1 & ! visible & ! secret police1 & ! adm9i/ration1 & all k9ds ( prosecutors1 & jail]s1 & execution]s are e>ne/ly at "w1 !re is no possibility ( ov]?r[+ ! gov]nm5t1 no matt] h[ s5seless or cruel x may be4 ,! second means is t ( brib]y4 ,x consi/s 9 tak+ ! weal? away f ! lab\r+ classes 9 ! %ape ( monet>y taxes1 & di/ribut+ ?is weal? among ! (ficials1 :o = ?is remun]ation are oblig$ to ma9ta9 & /r5g!n ! enslavem5t ( ! masses4 ,^! brib$ (ficials1 f ! highe/ m9i/]s to ! l[e/ scribes1 :o1 =m+ "o cont9u\s *a9 ( m51 are unit$ by ! same int]e/ ( support+ !mselves by ! lab\rs ( ! masses1 & gr[ weal?i] 9 proportion z !y m humbly d ! w ( _! gov]nm5ts1 always & ev]y:]e1 /opp+ %ort be=e no means1 9 all bran*es ( activity1 9 ^w & de$1 def5d ! gov]nm5tal viol5ce1 ^u :i* _! v well-be+ is bas$4 ,! ?ird means is :at ,i _c call by any o!r "n ?an ! hypnotization ( ! p4 ,?is means consi/s 9 ret>d+ ! spiritual developm5t ( m5 & ma9ta9+ !m ) all k9ds ( sugge/ions 9 a concept ( life :i* humanity has already outliv$1 & on :i* ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5ts is bas$4 ,?is hypnotization is at ! pres5t "t organiz$ 9 ! mo/ complex mann]1 &1 beg9n+ its action 9 *ildhood1 cont9ues ov] m5 to _! dea?4 ,?is hypnotization beg9s at e>ly y\? 9 compulsory s*ools :i* are e/abli%$ = ! purpose1 & 9 :i* ! *ildr5 are in/ill$ ) _w-conceptions :i* 7 peculi> to _! ance/ors & are directly oppos$ to ! mod]n consci\sness ( humanity4 ,9 c\ntries 9 :i* !re is a /ate religion1 ! *ildr5 are taught ! s5seless blasphemies ( ecclesia/ical cate*isms1 9 :i* ! necessity ( obey+ ! p[]s is po9t$ out2 9 republican gov]nm5ts !y are taught ! savage sup]/ition ( patriotism1 & ! same imag9>y obligation ( obey+ ! au?orities4 ,at a m advanc$ age1 ?is hypnotization is cont9u$ by enc\rag+ ! religi\s & ! patriotic sup]/itions4 ,! religi\s sup]/ition is enc\rag$ by means ( ! in/itution ( *ur*es1 processions1 monum5ts1 fe/ivities1 f ! money collect$ f ! masses1 & ^!1 ) ! aid ( pa9t+1 ar*itecture1 music1 inc5se1 b *iefly by ! ma9t5ance ( ! s-call$ cl]gy1 /upefy ! masses3 _! duty consi/s 9 ?is1 t ) _! repres5tations1 ! pa?os ( ! s]vices1 _! s]mons1 _! int]f]5ce 9 ! private lives ( ! p1--at bir?s1 m>riages1 dea?s1--!y b$im ! p & keep !m 9 an et]nal condition ( /upefaction4 ,! patriotic sup]/ition is enc\rag$ by means ( public celebrations1 spectacles1 monum5ts1 fe/ivities1 :i* are arrang$ by ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes on ! money collect$ f ! masses1 & :i* make p prone to recognize ! exclusive importance ( _! own nation & ! gr&eur ( _! own /ate & rul]s1 & to be ill incl9$ t[>d all o!r nations & ev5 hate !m4 ,9 connection ) ?is1 ! despotic gov]nm5ts directly prohibit ! pr9t+ & dissem9ation ( books & ! utt]ance ( spee*es :i* enlight5 ! masses1 & deport or inc>c]ate all m5 :o are likely to r\se ! masses f _! le?>gy2 besides1 all gov]nm5ts )\t exception conceal f ! masses ev]y?+ :i* c\ld free !m1 & enc\rage ev]y?+ :i* c\ld corrupt !m1 su* z ! au?or%ip ( books :i* ma9ta9 ! masses 9 ! savag]y ( _! religi\s & patriotic sup]/itions1 all k9ds ( s5su\s amusem5ts1 spectacles1 circuses1 !atres1 & ev5 all k9ds ( physical intoxications1 su* z tobacco1 & br&y1 :i* furni% ! *ief income ( /ates2 !y ev5 enc\rage pro/itution1 :i* is n only ackn[l$g$1 b ev5 organiz$ by ! majority ( gov]nm5ts4 ,su* is ! ?ird means4 ,! f\r? means consi/s 9 ?is1 t ) ! aid ( ! ?ree prec$+ means !re is segregat$1 f ! m5 s fett]$ & /upefi$1 a c]ta9 small numb] ( m51 :o are subject$ to int5sifi$ me?ods ( /upefaction & brutalization1 & are turn$ into involunt>y tools ( all ^? cruelties & be/ialities :i* ! gov]nm5ts may ne$4 ,?is /upefaction & brutalization is accompli%$ by tak+ ! m5 at t y\?ful age :5 !y h n yet _h "t to =m any firm convictions 9 reg>d to morality1 &1 hav+ remov$ !m f all natural conditions ( human life1 f home1 family1 native di/rict1 rational lab\r1 lock+ !m all up toge!r 9 n>r[ b>racks1 dress+ !m up 9 peculi> g>m5ts1 & mak+ !m1 "u ! influ5ce ( %\ts1 drums1 music1 glitt]+ objects1 p]=m daily ex]cises specially inv5t$ = ! purpose1 & ?us induc+ su* a /ate ( hypnosis 9 !m t !y cease to be m51 & become un?9k+ ma*9es1 :i* are ob$i5t to ! comm& ( ! hypnotiz]4 ,^! hypnotiz$1 physically /rong "y m5 7all "y m51 on acc\nt ( ! pres5t univ]sal milit>y s]vice71 :o are provid$ ) in/rum5ts ( murd]1 & :o are always ob$i5t to ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5ts & are prep>$ to commit any act ( viol5ce at _! comm&1 =m ! f\r? & *ief means = ! enslavem5t ( m54 ,) ?is means ! circle ( viol5ce is clos$4 ,intimidation1 brib]y1 hypnotization1 make m5 desir\s to become soldi]s2 b x is ! soldi]s :o give ! p[] & ! possibility = puni%+ p1 & pick+ !m clean 7& brib+ ! (ficials ) ! money ?us obta9$71 & = hypnotiz+ & enli/+ !m aga9 z soldi]s1 :o 9 turn af=d ! possibility = do+ all ?is4 ,! circle is clos$1 & !re is no way ( te>+ oneself away f x by means ( =ce4 ,if "s m5 affirm t ! lib]ation f viol5ce1 or ev5 its weak5+1 may be effect$1 %\ld ! oppress$ p ov]?r[ ! oppress+ gov]nm5t by =ce & sub/itute a new "o = x1 a gov]nm5t 9 :i* su* viol5ce & enslavem5t w\ld n be necess>y1 & if "s m5 actually try to d s1 !y only deceive !mselves & o!rs by x1 & ?us fail to improve m5's condition1 & ev5 make x worse4 ,! activity ( ^! m5 only int5sifies ! despotism ( ! gov]nm5ts4 ,! attempts ( ^! m5 at free+ !mselves only give ! gov]nm5ts a conv5i5t excuse = /r5g!n+ _! p[]1 & actually provoke its /r5g!n+4 ,ev5 if we admit t1 9 consequ5ce ( an un=tunate concurr5ce ( ev5ts 9 ! gov]nm5t1 z1 = example1 9 ,france 9 ! ye> #ahgj1 "s gov]nm5ts may be ov]?r[n by =ce & ! p[] pass into o!r h&s1 ?is p[] w\ld 9 no case be less oppressive ?an ! =m] "o1 &1 def5d+ itself aga9/ ! infuriat$ depos$ enemies1 w\ld always be m despotic & cruel ?an ! =m]1 z inde$ has be5 ! case 9 e revolution4 ,if ! sociali/s & communi/s consid] ! individuali/ic1 capitali/ic /ructure ( society to be an evil1 & ! an>*i/s consid] ! gov]nm5t itself to be an evil1 !re are also mon>*i/s1 cons]vatives1 capitali/s1 :o consid] ! sociali/ic1 communi/ic1 & an>*i/ic ord] to be evil2 & all ^! p>ties h no o!r means ?an =ce = ! purpose ( unit+ m54 ,no matt] :i* ( ^! p>ties may triumph1 x w be compell$1 = ! mat]ialization ( its t5ets1 z well z = ! ma9t5ance ( its p[]1 n only to make use ( all ! exi/+ means ( viol5ce1 b also to inv5t new ones4 ,o!r m5 w be enslav$1 & m5 w be compell$ to d some?+ else2 b !re w be1 n only ! same1 b ev5 a m cruel =m ( viol5ce & enslavem5t1 because1 9 consequ5ce ( ! /ruggle1 ! hatr$ ( m5 t[>d "o ano!r w be int5sifi$1 & at ! same "t new means ( enslavem5t w be work$ out & confirm$4 ,?us x has always be5 aft] e revolution1 e attempt at a revolution1 e plot1 e viol5t *ange ( gov]nm5t4 ,e /ruggle only /r5g!ns ! means ( ! enslavem5t ( ^? :o at a giv5 "t are 9 p[]4 ,! condition ( ! m5 ( our ,*ri/ian _w1 & especially ! curr5t ideals !mselves prove ?is 9 a /rik+ mann]4 ,!re is left b "o sph]e ( human activity :i* is n usurp$ by ! gov]nm5tal p[]1--! dome/ic1 economic sph]e1 ! sph]e ( ! private life & ( lab\r4 ,b ev5 ?is sph]e1 ?anks to ! /ruggle ( ! communi/s & sociali/s1 is sl[ly be+ usurp$ by ! gov]nm5ts1 s t lab\r & re/1 ! domicile1 ! attire1 ! food ( m5 w by degrees be det]m9$ & direct$ by ! gov]nm5ts1 if ! wi%es ( ! re=m]s are to be fulfill$4 ,! :ole long1 eighte5-c5turies-old c\rse ( ! life ( ! ,*ri/ian nations has inevitably br\ght !m back to ! necessity ( solv+ ! "q1 s long evad$ by !m1 z to ! acceptance or non-acceptance ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 & ! solution ( ! "q result+ f x z reg>ds ! social life1 :e!r to resi/ or n to resi/ evil ) viol5ce1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t =m]ly m5 c\ld accept ! solution :i* ,*ri/ianity (f]$1 or n accept x1 :ile n[ ! solution has become imp]ative1 because x alone frees !m f t condition ( slav]y 9 :i* !y h become entangl$ z 9 a sn>e4 ,b x is n m]ely ! wret*$ness ( m5's condition t br+s !m to ?is necessity4 ,side by side ) ! negative pro( ( ! fals5ess ( ! pagan /ructure1 !re w5t ! positive pro( ( ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,!re 0 a good reason :y1 9 ! c\rse ( eighte5 c5turies1 ! be/ m5 ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1 hav+ recogniz$ ! tru?s ( ! tea*+ by means ( an inn]1 spiritual me?od1 %\ld h borne witness to !m be=e m51 9 spite ( all ?reats1 privations1 calamities1 & torm5ts4 ,) ?is _! m>tyrdom ^! be/ m5 h put ! /amp ( tru?fulness ^u ! tea*+ & h transmitt$ x to ! masses4 ,*ri/ianity p5etrat$ into ! consci\sness ( humanity1 n m]ely by ! "o negative way ( prov+ ! impossibility ( cont9u+ ! pagan life1 b also by its simplification1 elucidation1 lib]ation f ! dross ( sup]/itions1 & dissem9ation among all ! classes ( p4 ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ( ! pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity did n pass 9 va9 = ! m5 :o accept$ x1 ev5 ?\gh only 9 an ext]nal mann]4 ,^! eighte5 c5turies h _h ?is effect t1 cont9u+ to live a pagan life1 :i* does n correspond to ! age ( humanity1 m5 h n only come to see cle>ly ! :ole wret*$ness ( ! condition 9 :i* !y are1 b believe 9 ! dep? ( _! he>ts 7!y live only because !y believe7 9 ?is1 t ! salvation f ?is condition is only 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ 9 its true significance4 ,z to :5 & h[ ?is salvation w take place1 all m5 ?9k diff]5tly1 9 accordance ) _! m5tal developm5t & ! curr5t prejudices ( _! circle2 b e man ( our _w recognizes ! fact t our salvation lies 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,"s believ]s1 recogniz+ ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ z div9e1 ?9k t ! salvation w come :5 all m5 %all believe 9 ,*ri/1 & ! second adv5t %all approa*2 o!rs1 :o also recognize ! div9ity ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 ?9k t ?is salvation w come ?r\gh ! *ur*1 :i*1 subject+ all m5 to itself1 w educate 9 !m ,*ri/ian virtues & w *ange _! lives4 ,o!rs aga91 :o d n recognize ,*ri/ z ,god1 ?9k t ! salvation ( m5 w come ?r\gh a sl[1 gradual progress1 :5 ! f\ndations ( ! pagan life w sl[ly give way to ! f\ndations ( lib]ty1 equality1 frat]nity1 t is1 to ,*ri/ian pr9ciples2 o!rs aga91 :o prea* a social trans=mation1 ?9k t ! salvation w come :5 m5 by a viol5t revolution %all be compell$ to adopt community ( possession1 abs5ce ( gov]nm5t1 & collective1 n individual1 lab\r1 t is1 ! mat]ialization ( "o ( ! sides ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,9 "o way or ano!r1 all m5 ( our "t 9 _! consci\sness n only reject ! pres5t obsolete pagan ord] ( life1 b recognize1 frequ5tly n kn[+ x !mselves & reg>d+ !mselves z enemies ( ,*ri/ianity1 t our salvation lies only 9 ! application ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 or ( a "p ( x1 9 its true mean+1 to life4 ,= ! majority ( m51 z its tea*] has said1 ,*ri/ianity c\ld n be realiz$ at once1 b _h to gr[1 l an imm5se tree1 f a small se$4 ,& s x grew & has spread1 if n 9 reality1 at lea/ 9 ! consci\sness ( ! m5 ( our "t4 ,n[ x is n m]ely ! m9ority ( m51 :o always compreh5d$ ,*ri/ianity int]nally1 t recognizes x 9 its true mean+1 b also t va/ majority ( m5 :i* on acc\nt ( its social life seems to be s f> remov$ f ,*ri/ianity4 ,look at ! private life ( sep>ate individuals2 li/5 to ^? valuations ( acts1 :i* m5 make 9 judg+ "o ano!r2 li/51 n only to ! public s]mons & lectures1 b also to ^? in/ructions :i* p>5ts & educators give to _! *>ges1 & y w see t1 no matt] h[ f> ! political1 social life ( m51 :i* is unit$ ?r\gh viol5ce1 is f ! realization ( ,*ri/ian tru?s 9 private life1 x is only ! ,*ri/ian virtues t are by all & = all1 )\t exception & indubitably1 consid]$ to be good1 & t ! anti-,*ri/ian vices are by all & = all1 )\t exception & indubitably1 consid]$ to be bad4 ,^? are consid]$ to be ! be/ ( m5 :o r5\nce & sacrifice _! lives 9 ! s]vice ( humanity & :o sacrifice !mselves = o!rs2 ^? are consid]$ to be ! wor/ :o are selfi%1 :o exploit ! mis]y ( _! neighb\rs = _! own p]sonal advantage4 ,if by "s1 :o h n yet be5 t\*$ by ,*ri/ianity1 are recogniz$ ! non-,*ri/ian ideals1 =ce1 val\r1 weal?1 ^! are ideals :i* are n exp]i5c$ & %>$ by all m51 & c]ta9ly n by m5 :o are consid]$ to be ! be/4 ,! condition ( our ,*ri/ian humanity1 if view$ f )\t1 ) its cruelty & its slav]y1 is really t]rible4 ,b if we look ^u x f ! side ( its consci\sness1 an entirely diff]5t spectacle is pres5t$ to u4 ,! :ole evil ( our life seems to exi/ = no o!r reason ?an t x 0 done long ago1 & ! m5 :o h done x h n yet _h "t to le>n h[ n to d x1 ?\gh none ( !m wi% to d x4 ,all ?is evil seems to exi/ = "s o!r reason1 :i* is indep5d5t ( ! consci\sness ( m54 ,no matt] h[ /range & contradictory ?is may seem1 all ! m5 ( our "t despise ! v ord] ( ?+s :i* !y help to ma9ta94 ,i ?9k x is ,max ,mll] :o tells ( ! surprise ( an ,indian conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 :o1 hav+ grasp$ ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 arriv$ 9 ,europe & saw ! life ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,he c\ld n recov] f 8 a/oni%m5t 9 ! pres5ce ( ! reality1 :i* 0 ! v opposite ( :at he _h expect$ to f9d among ! ,*ri/ian nations4 ,if we are n surpris$ at ! contradiction betwe5 our beliefs1 convictions1 & acts1 ?is is due only to ! fact t ! influ5ces :i* conceal ?is contradiction f m5 act also ^u u4 ,we ne$ only look ^u our life f ! /&po9t ( ! ,indian1 :o und]/ood ,*ri/ianity 9 its real significance1 )\t any compromises & adaptations1 & ^u ^? savage be/ialities1 ) :i* our life is fill$1 9 ord] t we may be fright5$ at ! contradictions amid/ :i* we live1 frequ5tly )\t notic+ !m4 ,we ne$ b ?9k ( w>like prep>ations1 mitrailleuses1 silv]-plat$ bullets1 torp$oes1--& ! ,r$ ,cross2 ( ! con/ruction ( prisons ) solit>y cells1 ( ! exp]im5ts at electrocution1--& ( ! b5evol5t c>es = ! imprison$2 ( ! philan?ropic activity ( ri* m51--& ( _! lives1 :i* are productive ( ^? v poor :om !y b5efit4 ,& ^! contradictions d n result1 z may appe>1 because p pret5d to be ,*ri/ians1 :5 9 reality !y are pagans1 b1 on ! contr>y1 because p lack some?+1 or because !re is "s =ce :i* keeps !m f be+ :at !y already feel !mselves to be 9 _! consci\sness & :at !y actually wi% to be4 ,! m5 ( our "t d n pret5d to hate oppression1 inequality1 ! division ( m51 & all k9ds ( cruelty1 n only t[>d m51 b also t[>d animals1--!y actually d hate all ?is1 b !y d n "k h[ to de/roy x all1 & !y h n ! c\rage to "p ) :at ma9ta9s all ?is & seems to !m to be indisp5sable4 ,inde$1 ask any man ( our "t privately1 :e!r he consid]s x laudable or ev5 wor?y ( a man ( our "t to busy himself ) collect+ taxes f ! masses1 :o frequ5tly are pov]ty-/rick51 receiv+ = ?is "w a sal>y :i* is entirely out ( proportion ) 8 lab\r1 ?is money to be us$ = ! con/ruction ( cannon1 torp$oes1 & implem5ts = murd]+ m51 ) :om we wi% to be at peace1 & :o wi% to be at peace ) u2 or = a sal>y to devote all 8 life to ! con/ruction ( ^! implem5ts ( murd]2 or to prep>e himself & o!rs to commit murd]4 ,& ask him :e!r x is laudable & wor?y ( a man1 & prop] = a ,*ri/ian1 to busy himself1 aga9 = money1 ) cat*+ un=tunate1 err+1 frequ5tly ignorant1 drunk5 m5 = appropriat+ to !mselves o!r p's possessions 9 mu* small] quantities ?an we appropriate ?+s to ourselves1 & = kill+ m5 diff]5tly f :at we are accu/om$ to kill m51 & = ?is to put !m 9 prisons1 & torm5t1 & kill !m1 & :e!r x is laudable & wor?y ( a man & a ,*ri/ian1 aga9 = money1 to prea* to ! masses1 in/ead ( ,*ri/ianity1 :at is well kn[n to be insipid & h>mful sup]/itions2 & :e!r x is laudable & wor?y ( a man to take f 8 neighb\r1 = ! sake ( 8 own lu/1 :at 8 neighb\r ne$s = ! gratification ( 8 prime necessities1 z is done by ! l>ge l&[n]s2 or to compel him to p]=m lab\r above 8 /r5g?1 :i* ru9s 8 life1 9 ord] to increase 8 own weal?1 z is done by manufactur]s1 by own]s ( factories2 or to exploit m5's want = ! purpose ( increas+ 8 weal?1 z is done by m]*ants4 ,& ea* ( !m tak5 privately1 especially 9 speak+ ( ano!r1 w tell y t x is n4 ,& yet ?is same man1 :o sees all ! execrabl5ess ( ^! acts1 :o is himself n urg$ by any "o1 w himself volunt>ily1 & frequ5tly )\t ! monet>y advantage ( a sal>y1 = ! sake ( *ildi% vanity1 = ! sake ( a porcela9 tr9ket1 a ribbon1 a piece ( lace1 :i* he is p]mitt$ to put on1 g into milit>y s]vice1 become an exam9+ magi/rate1 a ju/ice ( ! peace1 a m9i/]1 a rural (fic]1 a bi%op1 a sexton1 t is1 he w take an (fice 9 :i* he is oblig$ to d ?+s ! disgrace & execrabl5ess ( :i* he _c help b "k4 ,i "k _m ( ^! m5 w self-conceit$ly prove t !y consid] _! positions n only legitimate1 b ev5 indisp5sable2 !y w say 9 _! def5ce t ! p[] is f ,god1 t political (fices are necess>y = ! good ( humanity1 t weal? is n contr>y to ,*ri/ianity1 t ! ri* "y man 0 told to give up 8 weal? only if he wi%$ to be p]fect1 t ! n[ exi/+ di/ribution ( weal? & comm]ce mu/ be s & is advantage\s = ev]ybody1 & s =?4 ,b1 no matt] h[ !y may try to deceive !mselves & o!rs1 all ^! m5 "k t :at !y d is contr>y to ev]y?+ !y believe 91 & 9 ! "n ( :i* !y live1 & 9 ! dep? ( _! he>ts1 :5 !y are left alone ) _! consci5ces1 !y ?9k ) %ame & pa9 ( :at !y are do+1 especially if ! execrabl5ess ( _! activity has be5 po9t$ out to !m4 ,a man ( our "t1 :e!r he pr(esses ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ or n1 _c help b "k t to take "p1 :e!r z a k+1 a m9i/]1 a gov]nor1 or a rural (fic]1 9 ! sale ( a poor family's la/ c[ = taxes1 ) :i* to pay = cannon or ! sal>ies & p5sions ( luxuriat+1 idle1 & h>mful (ficials2 or to h a %>e 9 putt+ ! provid] ( a family into prison1 because we ourselves h corrupt$ him1 & let 8 family g a-begg+2 or to take "p 9 ! plund]s & murd]s ( w>2 or to help sub/itute savage & idolatr\s sup]/itions = ,*ri/'s law2 or to deta9 a trespass+ c[ ( a man :o has no l& ( 8 own2 or to d$uct a sum f ! wages ( a factory h& = an article :i* he accid5tally ru9$2 or to extort a d\ble price f a poor fell[1 only because he is 9 ne$1--a man ( our "t _c help b "k t all ^! ?+s are disgraceful & execrable1 & t !y %\ld n be done4 ,!y all "k x3 !y "k t :at !y d is bad1 & !y w\ld n be do+ x "u any consid]ation1 if !y 7 able to )/& ^? =ces :i*1 clos+ _! eyes to ! crim9ality ( _! acts1 draw !m on to committ+ !m4 ,9 no?+ is ! degree ( ! contradiction :i* ! lives ( ! m5 ( our "t h rea*$ s /rik+1 z 9 t ph5om5on :i* =ms ! la/ means & expression ( viol5ce1--9 ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice4 ,only because ?is condition ( univ]sal arm+ & milit>y s]vice has come /ep by /ep & imp]ceptibly1 & because = its ma9t5ance ! gov]nm5ts employ all means 9 _! p[] = intimidat+1 brib+1 /upefy+1 & ravi%+ m51 we d n see ! cry+ contradiction betwe5 ?is condition & ^? ,*ri/ian feel+s & ?\ghts1 ) :i* all ! m5 ( our "t are really p]meat$4 ,?is contradiction has become s habitual to u t we d n ev5 see all ! t]rify+ s5selessness & immorality ( ! acts1 n only ( ! m5 :o volunt>ily *oose ! pr(ession ( kill+ z some?+ hon\rable1 b ev5 ( ^? un=tunate m5 :o agree to p]=m milit>y duty1 or ev5 ( ^? :o 9 c\ntries :]e milit>y s]vice is n introduc$1 volunt>ily give up _! lab\rs to hire soldi]s & prep>e !m to commit murd]4 ,all ^! m51 be !y ,*ri/ians or m5 :o pr(ess humanity & lib]alism1 c]ta9ly "k t1 9 committ+ ^! crimes1 !y become ! p>ticipants1 &1 9 p]sonal milit>y s]vice1 ! actors1 9 ! mo/ s5seless1 aimless1 cruel ( murd]s1 & yet !y commit !m4 ,b m ?an ?is3 9 ,g]many1 :5ce comes ! univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 ,caprivi said op5ly1 :at be=e 0 c>efully conceal$1 t ! m5 :o _h to be kill$ 7 n m]ely ! =eign]s1 b ! work+ p1 f :om come ! majority ( ! soldi]s4 ,& ?is confession did n op5 m5's eyes1 did n fright5 !m4 ,ev5 aft] ?is1 z be=e1 !y cont9ue to g l %eep to ! enli/m5t & to submit to ev]y?+ dem&$ ( !m4 ,& ?is is n en\gh3 lately ! ,g]man ,emp]or /at$ m def9itely ! significance & ! call+ ( a soldi]1 :5 di/+ui%+1 ?ank+1 & rew>d+ a soldi] = hav+ %ot a def5celess prison]1 :o _h attempt$ to run away4 ,9 ?ank+ & rew>d+ ! man = an act :i* has always be5 reg>d$ z ! l[e/ & base/ by m5 :o /& on ! l[e/ /age ( morality1 ,william %[$ t ! *ief duty ( a soldi]1 ! "o mo/ valu$ by ! au?orities1 consi/$ 9 be+ an execution]1 n "o l ! pr(essional execution]s1 :o kill only condemn$ crim9als1 b "o :o kills all ^? innoc5t m5 :om he is ord]$ by 8 sup]iors to kill4 ,b m ?an ?is3 9 #ahia ?is same ,william1 ! enfant t]rible ( ! political p[]1 :o expresses :at o!rs ?9k1 9 speak+ ) "s soldi]s1 said ! foll[+ 9 public1 & ! next day ?\s&s ( newspap]s repr9t$ ^! words3 ,recruits6 ,9 ! sight ( ! alt> & ! s]vant ( ,god y swore allegiance to me4 ,y are /ill too "y to und]/& ! true mean+ ( ev]y?+ :i* is said "h1 b see to ?is1 t y fir/ ( all foll[ ! comm&s & in/ructions giv5 y4 ,y h sworn allegiance to me2 ?is1 *ildr5 ( my gu>d1 means t y are n[ my soldi]s1 t y h surr5d]$ y\r s\ls & bodies to me4 ,= y !re n[ exi/s b "o enemy1 namely1 ! "o :o is my enemy4 ,) ! pres5t sociali/ic propag&a x may happ5 t ,i w comm& y to %oot at y\r own relatives1 y\r bro!rs1 ev5 p>5ts1--:i* ,god =f5d1--& !n y are oblig$ )\t murmur+ to d my comm&s4 ,?is man expresses :at all wise m5 "k1 b c>efully conceal4 ,he says frankly t m5 :o s]ve 9 ! army s]ve him & 8 advantage1 & mu/ be prep>$ = 8 advantage to kill _! bro!rs & fa!rs4 ,he expresses frankly & ) ! co>se/ ( words all ! horror ( ! crime = :i* ! m5 :o ent] into milit>y s]vice are prep>$1 all t abyss ( degradation :i* !y rea*1 :5 !y promise ob$i5ce4 ,l a bold hypnotiz]1 he te/s ! degree ( ! hypnotiz$ man's sleep3 he puts ! gl[+ iron to 8 body1 ! body sizzles & smokes1 b ! hypnotiz$ man does n wake4 ,?is mis]able1 ill man1 :o has lo/ 8 m9d f ! ex]cise ( p[]1 ) ^! words (f5ds ev]y?+ :i* c be holy = a man ( our "t1 & m51--,*ri/ians1 lib]als1 cultur$ m5 ( our "t1--all ( !m1 are n only n provok$ by ?is insult1 b ev5 d n notice x4 ,! la/1 extreme trial1 9 its co>se/1 mo/ gl>+ =m1 is (f]$ to m51 & m5 d n ev5 seem to notice t ?is is a trial1 t !y h a *oice4 ,x looks z ?\gh x seem$ to !m t !re 0 n ev5 any *oice1 & t !re 0 b ! "o pa? ( slavi% ob$i5ce4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ^! s5seless words1 :i* (f5d ev]y?+ :i* a man ( our "t consid]s to be sacr$1 ought to h provok$ p1 b no?+ ( ! k9d took place4 ,all ! "y m5 ( all ,europe are ye> aft] ye> subject$ to ?is trial1 & ) ! r>e/ exceptions !y all r5\nce ev]y?+ :i* is & c be sacr$ to a man1 !y all express _! read9ess to kill _! bro!rs1 ev5 _! fa!rs1 at ! comm& ( ! fir/ err+ man :o is clad 9 a r$ liv]y embroid]$ ) gold1 & all !y ask is :5 & :om to kill4 ,& !y are ready4 ,e savage has some?+ sacr$ = :i* he is prep>$ to suff] & = :i* he w make no concessions4 ,b :]e is ?is sacr$ness = a man ( our "t8 ,he is told1 ,g into slav]y to me1 into a slav]y 9 :i* y h to kill y\r own fa!r1 & he1 :o v frequ5tly is a le>n$ man1 :o has /udi$ all ! sci5ces 9 a univ]sity1 submissively puts 8 neck into ! yoke4 ,he is dress$ up 9 a fool's attire1 is comm&$ to jump1 to contort 8 body1 to b[1 to kill1--& he does ev]y?+ submissively4 ,& :5 he is let out1 he returns briskly to 8 =m] life & cont9ues to talk ( man's dignity1 lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity4 ,yes1 b :at is to be done8 p frequ5tly ask1 9 s9c]e p]plexity4 ,if all %\ld refuse1 x w\ld be well2 o!rwise ,i alone %all suff]1 & no "o w be help$ by x4 ,&1 inde$1 a man ( ! social concept ( life _c refuse4 ,! mean+ ( 8 life is ! good ( 8 p]sonality4 ,= ! sake ( 8 p]sonality x is bett] = him to submit1 & he submits4 ,no matt] :at may be done to him1 no matt] h[ he may be tortur$ & degrad$1 he w submit1 because he c d no?+ himself1 because he has n t f\ndation 9 ! "n ( :i* he c\ld by himself )/& ! viol5ce2 b ^? :o gov]n m5 w nev] give !m a *ance to unite4 ,x is frequ5tly said t ! inv5tion ( t]rible implem5ts ( murd] w aboli% w> & t w> w aboli% itself4 ,t is n true4 ,z x is possible to increase ! means = ! slaught] ( m51 s x is possible to increase ! means = subjugat+ ! m5 ( ! social concept ( life4 ,let !m be kill$ by ! ?\s&1 by ! million1 & be torn to pieces1--!y w none ! less g to ! slaught] l s5seless cattle1 because !y are driv5 ) a goad2 o!rs w g1 because = ?is !y w be p]mitt$ to put on ribbons & galloons1 & !y w ev5 be pr\d ( x4 ,& x is 9 connection ) su* a cont+5t ( m51 :o are s /upefi$ t !y promise to kill _! p>5ts1 t ! public lead]s--! cons]vatives1 lib]als1 sociali/s1 an>*i/s--talk ( build+ up a rational & moral society4 ,:at rational & moral society c be built up ) su* m58 ,j z x is impossible to build a h\se ) rott5 & crook$ logs1 no matt] h[ "o may transpose !m1 s x is impossible ) su* p to con/ruct a rational & moral society4 ,su* p c only =m a h]d ( animals :i* is direct$ by ! %\ts & goads ( ! %eph]ds4 ,& s x is4 ,& s1 on ! "o h&1 ,*ri/ians by "n1 :o pr(ess lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity1 are side by side ) t prep>$ 9 ! "n ( lib]ty = ! mo/ slavi% & degrad$ submission1 9 ! "n ( equality = ! mo/ gl>+ & s5seless divisions ( m5 by ext]nal signs alone into sup]iors & inf]iors1 _! allies & _! enemies1 & 9 ! "n ( frat]nity = ! murd] ( ^! bro!rs4#ad #ad ,! fact t "s nations1 ! ,engli% & ! ,am]icans1 h n yet any univ]sal milit>y s]vice 7?\gh voices 9 its fav\r are already he>d71 b only ! enli/m5t & hire ( soldi]s1 does 9 no way *ange ! condition ( slav]y 9 :i* ! citiz5s /& relative to ! gov]nm5ts4 ,"h ev]ybody has to g himself to kill & be kill$2 !re ev]ybody has to give 8 lab\rs = ! hire & prep>ation ( murd]]s4--,au?or's ,note4 ,! contradictions ( consci\sness & ! result+ wret*$ness ( life h rea*$ ! extreme/ po9t1 beyond :i* x is impossible to g4 ,! life :i* is built up on ! pr9ciples ( viol5ce has rea*$ ! negation ( ^? v pr9ciples 9 ! "n ( :i* x 0 built up4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( society on ! pr9ciples ( viol5ce1 :i* _h = its aim ! security ( ! p]sonal1 dome/ic1 & social good1 has l$ m5 to a complete negation & de/ruction ( ?is good4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! prophecy has be5 fulfill$ 9 respect to m5 & _! g5]ations1 :o did n accept ! tea*+1 & _! desc5dants h n[ be5 br\ght to ! necessity ( exp]i5c+ ! ju/ice ( its second "p4 ,,ix4 ,! condition ( ! ,*ri/ian nations 9 our "t has rema9$ z cruel z x 0 9 ! times ( paganism4 ,9 _m relations1 especially 9 ! enslavem5t ( m51 x has become ev5 m cruel ?an 9 ! times ( paganism4 ,b betwe5 ! condition ( ! m5 ( t "t & ( our "t !re is ! same diff]5ce t !re is = ! plants betwe5 ! la/ days ( autumn & ! fir/ days ( spr+4 ,!re1 9 ! autumnal ,nature1 ! ext]nal lifelessness corresponds to ! int]nal condition ( decay2 b "h1 9 ! spr+1 ! ext]nal lifelessness is 9 ! %>pe/ contradiction to ! condition ( ! int]nal re/oration & ! *ange to a new =m ( life4 ,! same is true ( ! ext]nal resemblance betwe5 ! previ\s pagan life & ! pres5t "o3 ! ext]nal condition ( m5 9 ! times ( paganism & 9 our "t is q diff]5t4 ,!re ! ext]nal condition ( cruelty & slav]y 0 9 full agreem5t ) ! int]nal consci\sness ( m51 & e =w>d movem5t increas$ ?is agreem5t2 b "h ! ext]nal condition ( cruelty & slav]y is 9 complete disagreem5t ) ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness ( m51 & e =w>d /ep only increases ?is disagreem5t4 ,:at is tak+ place is1 z x 71 useless suff]+s1--some?+ resembl+ *ildbir?4 ,ev]y?+ is prep>$ = ! new life1 b ! life itself has n made its appe>ance4 ,! situation seems to be )\t an issue1 & x w\ld be s1 if ! individual man1 & s all m51 7 n giv5 ! possibility ( ano!r1 high] conception ( life1 :i* at once frees him f all ^? fett]s :i*1 x seem$1 b\nd him indissolubly4 ,su* is ! ,*ri/ian concept ( life1 :i* 0 po9t$ out to humanity eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,a man ne$ only make ?is life-concept 8 own1 9 ord] t ! *a9s :i* seem$ to h fett]$ him s indissolubly may fall (f ( !mselves1 & t he may feel himself q free1 some?+ ! way a bird w\ld feel free :5 x exp&$ its w+s 9 a place :i* is f5c$ 9 all ar\nd4 ,p speak ( ! lib]ation ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* f ! /ate1 ( grant+ or n grant+ lib]ty to ,*ri/ians4 ,9 ^! ?\ghts & expressions !re is "s t]rible misconception4 ,lib]ty _c be grant$ to a ,*ri/ian or to ,*ri/ians1 or tak5 f !m4 ,lib]ty is a ,*ri/ian's inali5able prop]ty4 ,:5 p speak ( grant+ lib]ty to ,*ri/ians1 or tak+ x f !m1 x is evid5t t !y are n speak+ ( real ,*ri/ians1 b ( m5 :o call !mselves ,*ri/ians4 ,a ,*ri/ian _c be any?+ else b free1 because ! atta9m5t ( ! end :i* he has set be=e himself _c be ret>d$ or deta9$ by any "o or any?+4 ,a man ne$ b und]/& 8 life z ,*ri/ianity tea*es him to und]/& x1 t is1 und]/& t life does n belong to him1 8 p]sonality1 or ! family1 or ! /ate1 b to ,him :o s5t him into ?is life2 t1 !re=e1 he mu/ n fulfil ! law ( 8 p]sonality1 8 family1 or ! /ate1 b ! unlimit$ law ( ,him f :om he has come1 9 ord] t he may feel himself q free f e human p[] & may ev5 /op see+ ?is p[] z some?+ :i* may be oppressive = any "o4 ,a man ne$ b und]/& t ! aim ( 8 life is ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's law1 9 ord] t ?is law1 tak+ = him ! place ( all o!r laws & subjugat+ him to itself1 by ?is v subjugation may deprive all ! human laws 9 8 eyes ( all _! obligator9ess & oppression4 ,a ,*ri/ian is fre$ f e human p[] 9 t he consid]s = 8 life & = ! lives ( o!rs ! div9e law ( love1 :i* is implant$ 9 ! s\l ( e man & is br\ght into consci\sness by ,*ri/1 z ! only guide ( 8 life & ( t ( o!r m54 ,a ,*ri/ian may submit to ext]nal viol5ce1 may be depriv$ ( 8 bodily fre$om1 may n be free f 8 passions 7he :o commits a s9 is a slave ( s971 b he _c help b be free1 9 ! s5se ( n be+ compell$ by "s dang] or ext]nal ?reat to commit an act :i* is contr>y to 8 consci\sness4 ,he _c be compell$ to d ?is1 because ! privations & suff]+s :i* are produc$ by viol5ce1 & :i* =m a mighty tool aga9/ ! m5 ( ! social concept ( life1 h no compulsory =ce ) him4 ,! privations & suff]+s :i* take f ! m5 ( ! social concept ( life ! good = :i* !y live1 _c impair ! ,*ri/ian's good1 :i* consi/s 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's w2 !y c only /r5g!n him1 :5 !y assail him 9 ! p]=mance ( ?is w4 ,& s a ,*ri/ian1 9 submitt+ to ! int]nal1 div9e law1 _c only n p]=m ! prescription ( ! ext]nal law1 :5 x is n 9 accord ) ! div9e law ( love z recogniz$ by him1 z is ! case 9 ! dem&s set =? by ! gov]nm5t1 b _c ev5 recognize ! obligation ( obey+ any "o or any?+1--he _c recognize :at is call$ ! subject's allegiance4 ,= a ,*ri/ian ! promise ( allegiance to any gov]nm5t--t v act :i* is reg>d$ z ! f\ndation ( ! political life--is a direct r5unciation ( ,*ri/ianity1 because a man :o unconditionally promises 9 advance to submit to laws :i* are made & w be made by m51 by ?is v promise 9 a v def9ite mann] r5\nces ,*ri/ianity1 :i* consi/s 9 ?is1 t 9 all problems ( life he is to submit only to ! div9e law ( love1 ( :i* he is consci\s 9 himself4 ,x 0 possible ) ! pagan _w-conception to promise to d ! w ( ! civil au?orities1 )\t violat+ ! w ( ,god1 :i* consi/$ 9 circumcision1 ! ,sabba?1 pray+ at set times1 ab/a9+ f a c]ta9 k9d ( food1 & s =?4 ,"o did n contradict ! o!r4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian pr(ession diff]s 9 ?is v ?+ f ! pagan1 9 t x does n dem& ( a man c]ta9 ext]nal negative acts1 b places him 9 ano!r relation to man f :at he 0 9 be=e1 a relation f :i* may result ! mo/ v>i$ acts1 :i* _c be asc]ta9$ 9 advance1 & s a ,*ri/ian _c promise to d ano!r p]son's w1 )\t kn[+ 9 :at ! dem&s ( ?is w may consi/1 & _c obey ! v>iable human laws2 he _c ev5 promise to d any?+ def9ite at a c]ta9 "t or to ab/a9 f any?+ at a c]ta9 "t1 because he _c "k :at at any "t t ,*ri/ian law ( love1 ! submission to :i* =ms ! mean+ ( 8 life1 may dem& ( him4 ,9 promis+ 9 advance unconditionally to fulfil ! laws ( m51 a ,*ri/ian w\ld by ?is v promise indicate t ! inn] law ( ,god does n =m = him ! only law ( 8 life4 ,= a ,*ri/ian to promise t he w obey m5 or human laws is ! same z = a lab\r] :o has hir$ out to a ma/] to promise at ! same "t t he w d ev]y?+ :i* o!r m5 may comm& him to d4 ,x is impossible to s]ve two ma/]s4 ,a ,*ri/ian frees himself f human p[] by recogniz+ ov] himself no?+ b ,god's p[]1 ! law ( :i*1 reveal$ to him by ,*ri/1 he recognizes 9 himself1 & to :i* alone he submits4 ,& ?is lib]ation is n accompli%$ by means ( a /ruggle1 n by ! de/ruction ( exi/+ =ms ( life1 b only by means ( ! *ang$ compreh5sion ( life4 ,! lib]ation takes place 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 9 ! fir/ place1 t a ,*ri/ian recognizes ! law ( love1 :i* 0 reveal$ to him by 8 tea*]1 z q suffici5t = human relations1 & s reg>ds all viol5ce z sup]flu\s & illegal1 &1 9 ! second place1 t ^? privations1 suff]+s1 ?reats ( suff]+s & privations1 ) :i* ! public man is br\ght to ! necessity ( obey+1 pres5t !mselves to a ,*ri/ian1 ) 8 diff]5t concept ( life1 only z inevitable conditions ( exi/5ce1 :i* he1 )\t /ruggl+ aga9/ !m by ex]cis+ viol5ce1 be>s pati5tly1 l diseases1 hung]1 & all o!r calamities1 b :i* by no means c s]ve z a guide = 8 acts4 ,:at s]ves z a guide = a ,*ri/ian's acts is only ! div9e pr9ciple t lives )9 him & t _c be oppress$ or direct$ by any?+4 ,a ,*ri/ian acts accord+ to ! ^w ( ! prophecy appli$ to 8 tea*]1 ,he %all n /rive1 nor cry2 nei!r %all any man he> ,8 voice 9 ! /reets2 a bruis$ re$ %all ,he n break1 & smok+ flax %all ,he n qu5*1 till ,he s5d =? judgm5t unto victory 7,matt4 xii4 #ai-bj74 ,a ,*ri/ian does n qu>rel ) any "o1 does n attack any "o1 nor use viol5ce aga9/ "o2 on ! contr>y1 he himself )\t murmur+ be>s viol5ce2 b by ?is v relation to viol5ce he n only frees himself1 b also ! _w f ext]nal p[]4 ,& ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free 7,john viii4 #cb74 ,if !re 7 any d\bt z to ,*ri/ianity be+ tru?1 t complete fre$om1 :i* _c be oppress$ by any?+1 & :i* a man exp]i5ces ! mom5t he makes ! ,*ri/ian life-conception 8 own1 w\ld be an und\bt$ pro( ( its tru?4 ,9 _! pres5t condition m5 are l bees :i* h j sw>m$ & are hang+ d[n a limb 9 a clu/]4 ,! position ( ! bees on ! limb is tempor>y1 & mu/ inevitably be *ang$4 ,!y mu/ rise & f9d a new home = !mselves4 ,e "o ( ! bees kn[s t & wi%es to *ange its position & t ( ! o!rs1 b n "o is able to d s be=e ! o!rs are go+ to d s4 ,!y _c rise all at once1 because "o hangs d[n f ! o!r1 keep+ x f sep>at+ itself f ! sw>m1 & s all cont9ue to hang4 ,x w\ld seem t ! bees c\ld n get out ( ?is /ate1 j z x seems to worldly m5 :o are entangl$ 9 ! sn>e ( ! social _w-conception4 ,b !re w\ld be no way out = ! bees1 if ea* ( ! bees 7 n sep>ately a liv+ be+1 end[$ ) w+s4 ,s !re w\ld also be no way out = m51 if ea* ( !m 7 n a sep>ate liv+ be+1 end[$ ) ! ability ( acquir+ ! ,*ri/ian concept ( life4 ,if e bee :i* c fly did n fly1 ! re/1 too1 w\ld n move1 & ! sw>m w\ld nev] *ange its position4 ,& z "o bee ne$ b op5 its w+s1 rise up1 & fly away1 & aft] x a second1 ?ird1 t5?1 hundr$?1 9 ord] t ! immovable clu/] may become a freely fly+ sw>m ( bees1 s "o man ne$ b und]/& life z ,*ri/ianity tea*es him to und]/& x1 & beg9 to live accord+ly1 & a second1 ?ird1 hundr$?1 to d s aft] him1 9 ord] t ! magic circle ( ! social life1 f :i* !re seem$ to be no way out1 be de/roy$4 ,b p ?9k t ! lib]ation ( all m5 9 ?is mann] is too sl[1 & t x is necess>y to f9d & use ano!r su* a means1 s z to free all at once2 some?+ l :at ! bees w\ld d1 if1 wi%+ to rise & fly away1 !y %\ld f9d t x 0 too long = !m to wait = ! :ole sw>m to rise "o aft] ano!r1 & %\ld try to f9d a way :]e e individual bee w\ld n h to unfold its w+s & fly away1 b ! :ole sw>m c\ld fly at once :]ev] x want$4 ,b t is impossible3 s long z ! fir/1 second1 ?ird1 hundr$? bee does n unfold its w+s & fly1 ! sw>m1 too1 w n fly away or f9d ! new life4 ,s long z e individual man does n make ! ,*ri/ian life-conception 8 own1 & does n live 9 accordance ) x1 ! contradiction ( ! human life w n be solv$ & ! new =m ( life w n be e/abli%$4 ,"o ( ! /rik+ ph5om5a ( our "t is t prea*+ ( slav]y :i* is dissem9at$ among ! masses1 n only by ! gov]nm5ts1 :i* ne$ x1 b also by ^? m5 :o1 prea*+ sociali/ic !ories1 imag9e t !y are ! *ampions ( lib]ty4 ,^! p prea* t ! improvem5t ( life1 ! br++ ( reality 9 agreem5t ) consci\sness1 w n take place 9 consequ5ce ( p]sonal ef=ts ( sep>ate m51 b ( itself1 9 consequ5ce ( a c]ta9 viol5t trans=mation ( society1 :i* w be inaugurat$ by somebody4 ,:at is prea*$ is t m5 d n h to g ) _! own feet :i!r !y want & h to g1 b t "s k9d ( a floor w be put "u _! feet1 s t1 )\t walk+1 !y w get :i!r !y h to g4 ,& s all _! ef=ts mu/ n be direct$ t[>d go+ accord+ to "o's /r5g? :i!r "o has to g1 b t[>d con/ruct+ ?is imag9>y floor :ile /&+ 9 "o spot4 ,9 ! economic relation !y prea* a !ory1 ! ess5ce ( :i* consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! worse x is1 ! bett] x is1 t ! m !re %all be an accumulation ( capital1 & s an oppression ( ! lab\r]1 ! ne>] w ! lib]ation be1 & s e p]sonal ef=t ( a man to free himself f ! oppression ( capital is useless2 9 ! relation ( ! /ate1 !y prea* t ! great] ! p[] ( ! /ate1 :i* accord+ to ?is !ory has to take 9 ! /ill unoccupi$ field ( ! private life1 ! bett] x w be1 & t1 !re=e1 ! int]f]5ce ( ! gov]nm5ts 9 ! private life has to be invok$2 9 ! political & int]national relations !y prea* t ! increase ( ! means ( de/ruction1 ! increase ( ! armies1 w lead to ! necessity ( dis>mam5t by means ( congresses1 arbitrations1 & s =?4 ,&1 /range to say1 ! ob/9acy ( m5 is s great t !y believe 9 ^! !ories1 al?\gh ! :ole c\rse ( life1 e /ep 9 advance1 betrays its incorrectness4 ,m5 suff] f oppression1 & to save !mselves f ?is oppression1 !y are advis$ to inv5t common means = ! improvem5t ( _! situation1 to be appli$ by ! au?orities1 :ile !y !mselves cont9ue to submit to !m4 ,obvi\sly1 no?+ results f x b a /r5g!n+ ( ! p[]1 & consequ5tly ! int5sification ( ! oppression4 ,n "o ( ! errors ( m5 removes !m s mu* f ! end :i* !y h set = !mselves z ?is "o4 ,9 ord] to atta9 ! end :i* !y h set be=e !mselves1 m5 d all k9ds ( ?+s1 only n ! "o1 simple ?+ :i* all h to d4 ,!y inv5t ! mo/ cunn+ ( ways = *ang+ ! situation :i* oppresses !m1 except ! "o1 simple "o t none ( !m %\ld d t :i* produces ?is situation4 ,i 0 told ( an incid5t :i* happ5$ ) a brave rural judge :o1 ^u arriv+ at a village :]e ! peasants _h be5 riot\s & :i!r ! army _h be5 call$ out1 und]took to settle ! riot 9 ! _s ( ,ni*olas ,i41 all by himself1 ?r\gh 8 p]sonal influ5ce4 ,he s5t = sev]al wagon-loads ( swit*es1 &1 collect+ all ! peasants 9 ! corn-kiln1 lock$ himself up ) !m1 & s intimidat$ ! peasants ) 8 %\ts1 t !y1 obey+ him1 began at 8 comm& to flog "o ano!r4 ,!y cont9u$ flogg+ "o ano!r until !re 0 f\nd a little fool :o did n submit & %\t$ to 8 companions to /op flogg+ "o ano!r4 ,x 0 only !n t ! flogg+ /opp$1 & ! rural judge ran away f ! kiln4 ,x is ?is advice ( ! fool t ! m5 ( ! social ord] d n "k h[ to foll[1 = !y flog "o ano!r )\t cessation1 & m5 tea* ?is mutual flogg+ z ! la/ ^w ( human wisdom4 ,inde$1 c we imag9e a m /rik+ example ( h[ m5 flog !mselves ?an ! humbl5ess ) :i* ! m5 ( our "t c>ry out ! v obligations :i* are impos$ ^u !m & :i* lead !m into s]vitude1 especially ! milit>y s]vice8 ,m5 obvi\sly enslave !mselves1 suff] f ?is slav]y1 & believe t x mu/ be s1 t x is all "r & does n int]f]e ) ! lib]ation ( m51 :i* is be+ prep>$ some:]e & someh[1 9 spite ( ! ev] increas+ & increas+ slav]y4 ,inde$1 let u take a man ( our "t1 :oev] he be 7,i am n speak+ ( a true ,*ri/ian1 b ( a man ( ! rank & file ( our "t71 cultur$ or uncultur$1 a believ] or unbeliev]1 ri* or poor1 a man ( a family or a s+le man4 ,su* a man ( our "t lives1 do+ 8 "w or enjoy+ himself1 employ+ ! fruits ( 8 own lab\r or ^? ( o!rs = 8 own sake or = ! sake ( ^? :o are ne> to him1 l any o!r man1 despis+ all k9ds ( oppressions & privations1 ho/ility1 & suff]+s4 ,! man lives peacefully2 sudd5ly p come to him1 :o say3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 promise & swe> to u t y w slavi%ly obey u 9 ev]y?+ :i* we %all prescribe to y1 & t ev]y?+ we %all inv5t1 det]m9e1 & call a law y w consid] an indubitable tru? & w submit to2 9 ! second place1 give "p ( y\r e>n+s into our keep+3 we %all use ?is money = keep+ y 9 slav]y & prev5t+ y f =cibly oppos+ our decrees2 9 ! ?ird place1 *oose y\rself & o!rs z imag9>y p>ticipants 9 ! gov]nm5t1 kn[+ full well t ! gov]nm5t w take place entirely indep5d5tly ( ^? /upid spee*es :i* y w utt] to y\r l1 & t x w take place accord+ to our w1 9 ^: h&s is ! army2 9 ! f\r? place1 appe> at a set "t 9 c\rt & take "p 9 all ^? s5seless cruelties :i* we commit aga9/ ! err+ m51 :om we ourselves h corrupt$1 9 ! %ape ( imprisonm5ts1 exiles1 solit>y conf9em5ts1 & capital puni%m5ts4 ,& f9ally1 9 ! fif? place1 besides all ?is1 ?\gh y may be 9 ! mo/ fri5dly relations ) p belong+ to o!r nations1 be prep>$ at once1 :5 we comm& y1 to consid] su* ( ^! m5 z we %all po9t out to y y\r enemies1 & to cop]ate p]sonally or by hir+ o!rs 9 ! ru91 pillage1 & murd] ( _! m51 wom51 *ildr51 old p1 &1 p]haps1 y\r own c\ntrym51 ev5 y\r p>5ts1 if we want x4 ,:at c\ld any man ( our "t :o is n /upefi$ answ] to su* dem&s8 ,:y %\ld ,i d all ?is8 e spiritually heal?y man1 we %\ld ?9k1 ought to say4 ,:y %\ld ,i promise to d all t :i* ,i am comm&$ to d1 to-day by ,salisbury1 to-morr[ by ,glad/one1 to-day by ,b\lang]1 to-morr[ by a ,*amb] ( j su* ,b\lang]s1 to-day by ,pet] ,,iii41 to-morr[ by ,ca!r9e1 day aft] to-morr[ by ,puga*v1 to-day by ! crazy ,k+ ( ,bav>ia1 to-morr[ by ,william8 ,:y %\ld ,i promise to obey !m1 s9ce ,i "k !m to be bad or trifl+ m51 or d n "k !m at all8 ,:y %\ld ,i 9 ! %ape ( taxes give !m ! fruits ( my lab\rs1 kn[+ t ! money w be us$ = brib+ ! (ficials1 = prisons1 *ur*es1 armies1 = bad ?+s & my own enslavem5t8 ,:y %\ld ,i flog myself8 ,:y %\ld ,i g1 los+ my "t & pull+ ! wool ov] my eyes1 & ascrib+ to ! violators a semblance ( legality1 & take "p 9 ! gov]nm5t1 :5 ,i "k full well t ! gov]nm5t ( ! /ate is 9 ! h&s ( ^? 9 ^: h&s is ! army8 ,:y %\ld ,i g into c\rts & take "p 9 ! torture & puni%m5ts ( m5 = hav+ err$1 s9ce ,i "k1 if ,i am a ,*ri/ian1 t ! law ( rev5ge has giv5 way to ! law ( love1 &1 if ,i am a cultur$ man1 t puni%m5ts d n make m5 :o are subject$ to !m bett]1 b worse8 ,& :y %\ld ,i1 above all1 simply because ! keys ( ! temple at ,j]usalem w be 9 ! h&s ( ?is bi%op & n ( t1 because 9 ,bulg>ia ?is & n t ,g]man w be pr9ce1 & because ,engli% & n ,am]ican m]*ants w cat* seals1 recognize z enemies ! m5 ( a neighb\r+ nation1 ) :om ,i h h]et(ore liv$ at peace & wi% to live 9 love & concord1 & :y %\ld ,i hire soldi]s or myself g & kill & de/roy !m1 & myself be subject$ to _! attack8 ,& :y1 above all else1 %\ld ,i cop]ate p]sonally or by ! hir+ ( a milit>y =ce 9 ! enslavem5t & murd] ( my own bro!rs & fa!rs8 ,:y %\ld ,i flog myself8 ,all ?is ,i d n ne$1 & all ?is is h>mful = me1 & all ?is on all sides ( me is immoral1 abom9able4 ,s :y %\ld ,i d x all8 ,if y tell me t )\t x ,i %all f>e ill at somebody's h&s1 ,i1 9 ! fir/ place1 d n =esee any?+ s bad z t :i* y cause me if ,i li/5 to y2 9 ! second place1 x is q cle> to me t1 if y d n flog y\rself1 nobody is go+ to flog u4 ,! gov]nm5t is ! k+s1 ! m9i/]s1 ! (ficials ) _! p5s1 :o _c compel me to d any?+ l :at ! rural judge compell$ ! peasants to d3 ^? :o w take me =cibly to c\rt1 to prison1 to ! execution are n ! k+s & ! (ficials ) _! p5s1 b ^? v p :o are 9 ! same condition 9 :i* ,i am4 ,x is j z useless & h>mful & disagreeable = !m to be flogg$ z x is = me1 & s 9 all probability1 if ,i op5 _! eyes1 !y n only mu/ d me no viol5ce1 b mu/ ev5 d z ,i d4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ev5 if x %\ld happ5 t ,i mu/ suff] = x1 x /ill is m advantage\s = me to be exil$ or %ut up 9 a prison1 :ile def5d+ common s5se & ! good1 :i* %all triumph1 if n to-day1 c]ta9ly to-morr[1 or 9 a v %ort "t1 ?an to suff] = a fooli% ?+ & an evil1 :i* soon] or lat] mu/ come to an end4 ,& s x is ev5 9 ?is case m advantage\s = me to risk be+ deport$1 lock$ up 9 a prison1 or ev5 execut$1 ?an ?r\gh my own fault to pass my :ole life z a slave to o!r bad m51 ?an to be ru9$ by an enemy mak+ an incursion & /upidly to be maim$ or kill$ by him1 :ile def5d+ a cannon1 or a useless piece ( l&1 or a /upid rag :i* !y call a flag4 ,i d n want to flog myself1 & ,i won't4 ,!re is no reason :y ,i %\ld4 ,d x y\rselves1 if y are s m9d$1 b ,i won't4 ,x w\ld seem t n only ! religi\s or moral feel+1 b ! simple/ reflection & calculation w\ld make a man ( our "t answ] & act 9 ?is mann]4 ,b no3 ! m5 ( ! social life-conception f9d t x is n "r to act 9 ?is mann]1 & t x is ev5 h>mful to act ?us if we wi% to obta9 ! end ( ! lib]ation ( m5 f slav]y1 & t x is necess>y = u1 z 9 ! case ( ! rural judge & ! peasants1 to cont9ue to flog "o ano!r1 consol+ ourselves ) ! ?\ght t ! fact t we prattle 9 ,*amb]s & assemblies1 =m lab\r-unions1 p>ade ! /reets on ! fir/ ( ,may1 =m plots1 & secretly tease ! gov]nm5t :i* flogs u1--t all ?is w h ! effect ( free+ u v soon1 ?\gh we are enslav+ ourselves m & m4 ,no?+ s mu* imp$es ! lib]ation ( m5 z ?is rem>kable delusion4 ,in/ead ( direct+ all 8 =ces to ! lib]ation ( himself1 to ! *ange ( 8 _w-conception1 e man seeks = an ext]nal aggregate means = free+ himself1 & ?us fett]s himself m & m4 ,x is z ?\gh m5 %\ld affirm t1 9 ord] to fan a fire1 x is n necess>y to make e coal cat* fire1 b to place ! coals 9 a c]ta9 ord]4 ,9 ! meantime x has be5 gett+ m & m obvi\s ( late t ! lib]ation ( all m5 w take place only ?r\gh ! lib]ation ( ! individual m54 ,! lib]ation ( individual p]sons 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ri/ian life-conception f ! enslavem5t ( ! /ate1 :i* us$ to be an exclusive & imp]ceptible ph5om5on1 has ( late receiv$ a significance :i* is m5ac+ to ! p[] ( /ate4 ,if =m]ly1 9 ! days ( ,rome1 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 x happ5$ t a ,*ri/ian1 pr(ess+ 8 tea*+1 refus$ to take "p 9 sacrifices1 to wor%ip ! emp]ors & gods1 or 9 ! ,middle ,ages refus$ to wor%ip ! images1 to recognize ! papal p[]1 ^! refusals 71 9 ! fir/ place1 accid5tal2 a man might h be5 put to ! necessity ( pr(ess+ 8 fai?1 & he might h liv$ a life )\t be+ plac$ 9 ?is necessity4 ,b n[ all m5 )\t exception are subject to ^! trials4 ,e man ( our "t is put to ! necessity ( recogniz+ 8 p>ticipation 9 ! cruelties ( ! pagan life1 or reject+ x4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 9 ^? days ! refusals to wor%ip ! gods1 ! images1 ! ,pope1 did n pres5t any ess5tial ph5om5a = ! /ate3 no matt] h[ _m m5 wor%ipp$ ! gods1 ! images1 or ! ,pope1 ! /ate rema9$ z /rong z ev]4 ,b n[ ! refusal to comply ) ! non-,*ri/ian dem&s ( gov]nm5ts und]m9es ! p[] ( /ate to ! root1 because all ! p[] ( ! /ate is bas$ on ^! non-,*ri/ian dem&s4 ,! worldly p[]s 7 l$ by ! c\rse ( life to ! proposition t = _! own pres]vation !y _h to dem& f all m5 su* acts z c\ld n be p]=m$ by ^? :o pr(ess$ true ,*ri/ianity4 ,& s 9 our "t e pr(ession ( true ,*ri/ianity by a sep>ate individual mo/ mat]ially und]m9es ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5t & inevitably leads to ! emancipation ( all m54 ,:at importance c !re be 9 su* ph5om5a z ! refusals ( a few doz5s ( madm51 z !y are call$1 :o d n wi% to swe> to ! gov]nm5t1 or pay taxes1 or take "p 9 c\rts & milit>y s]vice8 ,^! m5 are puni%$ & remov$1 & life cont9ues z ( old4 ,x w\ld seem t !re is no?+ important 9 ^! ph5om5a1 & yet x is ^! v ph5om5a t m ?an any?+ else und]m9e ! p[] ( ! /ate & prep>e ! emancipation ( m54 ,!y are ^? individual bees :i* beg9 to sep>ate f ! sw>m & fly ab\t1 await+ :at _c be delay$1--! ris+ ( ! :ole sw>m aft] !m4 ,! gov]nm5ts "k ?is1 & are afraid ( ^! ph5om5a m ?an ( all sociali/s1 communi/s1 an>*i/s1 & _! plots ) _! dynamite bombs4 ,a new reign beg9s3 accord+ to ! g5]al rule & cu/om>y ord] all ! subjects are ord]$ to swe> allegiance to ! new gov]nm5t4 ,a g5]al ord] is s5t out1 & ev]ybody is call$ to ! ca!dral to swe>4 ,sudd5ly "o man 9 ,p]m1 ano!r 9 ,tla1 a ?ird 9 ,mosc[1 a f\r? 9 ,kalga decl>e t !y w n swe>1 & !y base _! refusal1 e "o ( !m1 )\t hav+ plott$ toge!r1 on "o & ! same reason1 :i* is1 t ! oa? is prohibit$ by ! ,*ri/ian law1 & t1 ev5 if x 7 n prohibit$1 !y c\ld n1 accord+ to ! _s ( ! ,*ri/ian law1 promise to commit ! evil acts :i* are dem&$ ( !m 9 ! oa?1 su* z d5\nc+ all ^? :o w violate ! int]e/s ( ! gov]nm5t1 def5d+ _! gov]nm5t ) weapons 9 _! h&s1 or attack+ its enemies4 ,!y are summon$ be=e ! rural judges or *iefs1 prie/s1 or gov]nors1 are admoni%$1 implor$1 ?reat5$1 & puni%$1 b !y /ick to _! det]m9ation & d n swe>4 ,among millions ( ^? :o swe>1 !re are a few doz5s :o d n4 ,& !y are ask$3 ,s y h n sworn8 ,we h n4 ,well1 no?+ happ5$8 ,no?+4 ,all ! subjects ( a /ate are oblig$ to pay taxes4 ,& all pay2 b "o man 9 ,khrkov1 ano!r 9 ,tv]1 a ?ird 9 ,samra1 refuse to pay _! taxes1 all ( !m repeat+1 z ?\gh by agreem5t1 "o & ! same ?+4 ,"o says t he w pay only :5 he is told :at ! money tak5 f him w be us$ =3 if = good ?+s1 he says1 he w himself give m ?an is ask$ ( him2 b if = bad ?+s1 he w n give any?+ volunt>ily1 because1 accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 :i* he foll[s1 he _c contribute to evil de$s4 ,! same1 ?\gh ) diff]5t words1 is said by ! o!rs1 :o d n volunt>ily pay _! taxes4 ,f ^? :o possess any?+1 ! prop]ty is tak5 by =ce1 b ^? :o h no?+ to give are left alone4 ,well1 y did n pay ! taxes8 ,i did n4 ,well1 & no?+ happ5$ to y8 ,no?+4 ,passports are e/abli%$4 ,all :o remove !mselves f _! place ( abode are oblig$ to take !m & pay a rev5ue = !m4 ,sudd5ly on all sides appe> m5 :o say t x is n necess>y to take passports & t x is n "r to recognize "o's dep5d5ce on a gov]nm5t :i* lives by viol5ce1 & !y take no passports & pay no rev5ue4 ,aga9 x is impossible to make ^! p c>ry out :at is dem&$ ( !m4 ,!y are lock$ up 9 prisons & let out aga91 & !y cont9ue to live )\t passports4 ,all ! peasants are oblig$ to s]ve z hundr$-m51 t5-m51 & s =?4 ,sudd5ly a peasant refuses 9 ,khrkov to p]=m ?is (fice1 expla9+ 8 refusal by ?is1 t1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian law :i* he pr(esses1 he _c b9d1 lock up1 & lead a man f "o place to ano!r4 ,! same is ass]t$ by a peasant 9 ,tv]1 9 ,tmbov4 ,! peasants are curs$1 beat51 lock$ up1 b !y /ick to _! det]m9ation & d n d :at is contr>y to _! fai?4 ,& !y are no long] *os5 z hundr$-m51 & t is ! end ( x4 ,all ! citiz5s mu/ take "p 9 c\rt proce$+s 9 ! capacity ( jurym54 ,sudd5ly ! greate/ v>iety ( m51 :eelwrights1 pr(essors1 m]*ants1 peasants1 g5tlem51 z ?\gh by agreem5t1 all refuse to s]ve1 n = causes :i* are recogniz$ by ! law1 b because ! c\rt itself1 accord+ to _! conviction1 is an illegal1 non-,*ri/ian ?+1 :i* ought n to exi/4 ,^! m5 are f9$1 )\t be+ all[$ publicly to express ! motives ( _! refusal1 & o!rs are put 9 _! places4 ,! same is done to ^? :o on ! same gr\nds refuse to be witnesses at c\rt4 ,& no?+ m happ5s4 ,all m5 ( tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age are oblig$ to draw lots4 ,sudd5ly "o "y man 9 ,mosc[1 ano!r 9 ,tv]1 a ?ird 9 ,khrkov1 a f\r? 9 ,kiev1 appe>1 z ?\gh by previ\s agreem5t1 9 c\rt1 & decl>e t !y w nei!r swe> nor s]ve1 because !y are ,*ri/ians4 ,"h are ! details ( "o ( ! fir/ cases 7s9ce !n ^! refusals h become m & m frequ5t71 ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4#ae ,9 all ! o!r cases approximately ! same 0 done4 ,a "y man ( m$ium culture refuses 9 ! ,mosc[ ,c\ncil to s]ve4 ,no att5tion is paid to 8 words1 & he is ord]$ to pron\nce ! words ( ! oa?1 j l ! re/4 ,he refuses1 po9t+ out ! def9ite place 9 ! ,gospel :]e tak+ an oa? is prohibit$4 ,no att5tion is paid to 8 argum5ts1 & !y dem& t he fulfil _! comm&1 b he does n d s4 ,!n x is assum$ t he is a sect>ian & s und]/&s ,*ri/ianity incorrectly1 t is1 n 9 ! way ! cl]gy 9 ! gov]nm5t pay und]/& x1 & s ! "y man is s5t "u convoy to ! prie/s1 to be admoni%$4 ,! prie/s beg9 to admoni% ! "y man1 b _! admonitions 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ to r5\nce ,*ri/ h app>5tly no effect ^u ! "y man1 & he is s5t back to ! army1 hav+ be5 decl>$ incorrigible4 ,! "y man /ill refuses to take ! oa? & op5ly decl9es to fulfil 8 milit>y duties4 ,?is case is n provid$ = 9 ! laws4 ,x is impossible to admit a refusal to d ! w ( ! au?orities1 & x is equally impossible to rate ?is z a case ( simple disob$i5ce4 ,9 a consultation ! milit>y au?orities det]m9e to get rid ( ! tr\blesome "y man by decl>+ him to be a revolutioni/1 & s5d him "u gu>d into ! (fice ( ! secret police4 ,! police & ! g5d>mes exam9e ! "y man1 b no?+ ( :at he says fits 9 ) ! crimes dealt ) 9 _! dep>tm5ts1 & !re is absolutely no way ( accus+ him ( revolution>y acts1 or ( plott+1 s9ce he decl>es t he does n wi% to de/roy any?+1 b1 on ! contr>y1 rejects all viol5ce1 & conceals no?+1 b seeks an opportunity = say+ & do+ 9 a mo/ op5 mann] :at he says & does4 ,& ! g5d>mes1 ?\gh no laws are b9d+ on !m1 l ! cl]gy1 f9d no cause = an accusation & return ! "y man to ! army4 ,aga9 ! *iefs conf] & decide to enli/ ! "y man 9 ! army1 ?\gh he refuses to take ! oa?4 ,he is dress$ up1 ent]$ on ! li/s1 & s5t "u gu>d to ! place :]e ! troops are di/ribut$4 ,"h ! *ief ( ! section into :i* he ent]s aga9 dem&s ( ! "y man ! fulfilm5t ( milit>y duties1 & he aga9 refuses to obey1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( o!r soldi]s gives ! cause = 8 refusal1 say+ t1 z a ,*ri/ian1 he _c volunt>ily prep>e himself to commit murd]1 :i* 0 prohibit$ ev5 by ! laws ( ,moses4 #ae ,all ! details ( ?is & ! prec$+ cases are au!ntic4--,au?or's ,note4 ,! case takes place 9 a prov9cial city4 ,x evokes int]e/ & ev5 sympa?y1 n only among outsid]s1 b also among (fic]s1 & s ! sup]iors d n d>e to apply ! usual discipl9>y measures = a refusal to s]ve4 ,h[ev]1 = dec5cy's sake ! "y man is lock$ up 9 prison1 & an inquiry is s5t to ! high] milit>y au?ority1 reque/+ x to say :at is to be done4 ,f ! (ficial po9t ( view a refusal to take "p 9 milit>y s]vice1 9 :i* ! ,ts> himself s]ves & :i* is bless$ by ! *ur*1 pres5ts itself z madness1 & s !y write f ,/4 ,pet]sburg t1 s9ce ! "y man is1 no d\bt1 out ( 8 m9d1 no sev]e measures are to be us$ aga9/ him1 b he is to be s5t to an insane asylum1 :]e 8 m5tal heal? is to be inve/igat$ & he is to be cur$4 ,he is s5t !re 9 ! hope t he w /ay !re1 j z happ5$ t5 ye>s be=e ) ano!r "y man1 :o 9 ,tv] refus$ to d milit>y s]vice & :o 0 tortur$ 9 an insane asylum until he gave 94 ,b ev5 ?is measure does n save ! milit>y au?orities f ! inconv5i5t "y man4 ,! doctors exam9e him1 are v mu* int]e/$ 9 him1 &1 f9d+ 9 him no symptoms :atev] ( any m5tal tr\ble1 naturally return him to ! army4 ,he is receiv$1 &1 pret5d+ t 8 refusal & motives are =gott51 !y aga9 propose to him t he g to ! ex]cises2 b he aga91 9 ! pres5ce ( o!r soldi]s1 refuses1 & gives ! cause = 8 refusal4 ,?is case m & m attracts ! att5tion ( ! soldi]s & ! inhabitants ( ! t[n4 ,aga9 !y write to ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & f !re comes ! decision t ! "y man be transf]r$ to ! army at ! fronti]1 :]e x is 9 a /ate ( siege1 & :]e he may be %ot = refus+ to s]ve1 & :]e ! matt] may pass unnotic$1 s9ce 9 t di/ant c\ntry !re are few ,russians & ,*ri/ians1 & mo/ly natives & ,mohamm$ans4 ,& s !y d4 ,! "y man is atta*$ to ! troops locat$ 9 ! ,transcaspian ,t]ritory1 & ) crim9als he is despat*$ to a *ief :o is kn[n = 8 det]m9ation & sev]ity4 ,dur+ all ?is "t1 ) all ^! transportations f "o place to ano!r1 ! "y man is treat$ rudely3 he is kept cold1 hungry1 & dirty1 & 8 life 9 g5]al is made a burd5 = him4 ,b all ^! tortures d n make him *ange 8 det]m9ation4 ,9 ! ,transcaspian ,t]ritory1 :5 told to /& s5try ) 8 gun1 he aga9 refuses to obey4 ,he does n refuse to g & /& ne> "s hay/acks1 :i!r he is s5t1 b he refuses to take 8 gun1 decl>+ t "u no condition w\ld he use viol5ce aga9/ any "o4 ,all ?is takes place 9 ! pres5ce ( o!r soldi]s4 ,x is impossible to let su* a case g unpuni%$1 & ! "y man is tri$ = violation ( discipl9e4 ,! trial takes place1 & ! "y man is s5t5c$ to inc>c]ation 9 a milit>y prison = two ye>s4 ,he is aga9 s5t by tapes ) o!r crim9als to ! ,caucasus & is %ut up 9 a prison1 :]e he falls a prey to ! uncontroll$ p[] ( ! jail]4 ,!re he is torm5t$ = "o ye> & six mon?s1 b he /ill refuses to *ange 8 decision ab\t tak+ up arms1 & he expla9s to all ^? ) :om he comes 9 contact :y he does n d s1 & at ! end ( 8 second ye> he is dis*>g$ be=e ! expiration ( 8 t]m1 by c\nt+1 contr>y to ! law1 8 "t 9 prison z "p ( 8 s]vice1 only to get rid ( him z quickly z possible4 ,j l ?is man1 z ?\gh hav+ plott$ toge!r1 act o!r m5 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,russia1 & 9 all ^? cases ! mode ( ! gov]nm5t's action is z timid1 indef9ite1 & secretive4 ,"s ( ^! m5 are s5t to insane asylums1 o!rs are enli/$ z scribes & are transf]r$ to s]vice 9 ,sib]ia1 o!rs are made to s]ve 9 ! =e/ry dep>tm5t1 o!rs are lock$ up 9 prisons1 & o!rs are f9$4 ,ev5 n[ a few su* m5 :o h refus$ are sitt+ 9 prisons1 n = ! ess5tial po9t 9 ! case1 ! rejection ( ! legality ( ! gov]nm5t's action1 b = ! non-fulfilm5t ( ! private dem&s ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,?us an (fic] ( ! res]ve1 :o did n keep ! au?orities in=m$ ( 8 resid5ce & :o decl>$ t he w\ld n aga9 s]ve z a milit>y man1 0 lately1 = n fulfill+ ! comm&s ( ! au?orities1 f9$ ?irty r\bles1 :i*1 too1 he refus$ to pay volunt>ily4 ,?us sev]al peasants & soldi]s1 :o lately refus$ to take "p 9 milit>y ex]cises & take up arms1 7 lock$ up = disob$i5ce & contempt4 ,& su* cases ( refus+ to comply ) ! gov]nm5t dem&s :i* are contr>y to ,*ri/ianity1 especially refusals to d milit>y s]vice1 h ( late occurr$ n 9 ,russia alone1 b ev5 else:]e4 ,?us1 ,i "k t 9 ,s]via m5 ( ! s-call$ sect ( ,naz>5es con/antly refuse to d milit>y s]vice1 & ! ,au/rian gov]nm5t has = sev]al ye>s be5 va9ly /ruggl+ ) !m1 subject+ !m to imprisonm5t4 ,9 ! ye> #ahhe !re 7 #acj su* refusals4 ,9 ,switz]l&1 ,i "k m5 7 inc>c]at$ 9 ! ,*illon ,=tress 9 ! ye> #ahij = refus+ to d milit>y s]vice1 & !y did n *ange _! det]m9ation 9 consequ5ce ( _! imprisonm5t4 ,su* refusals h also happ5$ 9 ,prussia4 ,i "k ( an "u-(fic] ( ! ,gu>d1 :o 9 #ahia decl>$ to ! au?orities 9 ,b]l9 t z a ,*ri/ian he w\ld n cont9ue to s]ve1 &1 9 spite ( all admonitions1 ?reats1 & puni%m5ts1 he /uck to 8 decision4 ,9 ,france !re has ( late aris5 9 ! s\? a community ( m51 :o be> ! "n ( ,h9s*i/s 7?is in=mation is receiv$ f ! ,peace ,h]ald1 ,july1 #ahia71 ! memb]s ( :i* on ! basis ( ! ,*ri/ian pr(ession refuse to d milit>y s]vice1 & at fir/ 7 inscrib$ 9 hospitals1 b n[1 hav+ increas$ 9 numb]s1 are subject$ to puni%m5ts = disob$i5ce1 b /ill refuse to take up arms4 ,! sociali/s1 communi/s1 an>*i/s1 ) _! bombs1 riots1 & revolutions1 are by no means s t]rible to ! gov]nm5ts z ^! scatt]$ p1 :o f v>i\s sides refuse to d milit>y s]vice1--all ( !m on ! basis ( ! same well-kn[n tea*+4 ,e gov]nm5t kn[s h[ & :y to def5d itself aga9/ revolutioni/s1 & !y h means = x1 & s are n afraid ( ^! ext]nal enemies4 ,b :at are ! gov]nm5ts to d aga9/ ^? m5 :o po9t out ! uselessness1 sup]fluity1 & h>mfulness ( all gov]nm5ts1 & d n /ruggle ) !m1 b only h no use = !m1 get along )\t !m1 & d n wi% to take "p 9 !m8 ,! revolutioni/s say1 ,! gov]nm5tal /ructure is bad = ?is & t reason1--x is necess>y to put ?is or t 9 its place4 ,b a ,*ri/ian says1 ,i "k no?+ ( ! gov]nm5tal /ructure1 ab\t its be+ good or bad1 & d n wi% to de/roy x = ! v reason t ,i d n "k :e!r x is good or bad1 b = ! same reason ,i d n wi% to su/a9 x4 ,i n only d n wi% to1 b ev5 _c d s1 because :at is dem&$ ( me is contr>y to my consci5ce4 ,:at is contr>y to a ,*ri/ian's consci5ce is all obligations ( /ate1--! oa?1 ! taxes1 ! c\rts1 ! army4 ,b on all ^! obligations ! /ate is f\nd$4 ,! revolution>y enemies /ruggle ) ! /ate f )\t2 b ,*ri/ianity does n /ruggle at all1--x inw>dly de/roys all ! f\ndations ( gov]nm5t4 ,among ! ,russian p1 :]e1 especially s9ce ! "t ( ,pet] ,i41 ! prote/ ( ,*ri/ianity aga9/ ! gov]nm5t has nev] ceas$1 :]e ! /ructure ( life is su* t m5 h gone away by :ole communities to ,turkey1 to ,*9a1 to un9habitable l&s1 & n only are 9 no ne$ ( ! gov]nm5t1 b always look ^u x z an unnecess>y burd51 & only be> x z a calamity1 be x ,turki%1 ,russian1 or ,*9ese1--among ! ,russian p !re h ( late be5 occurr+ m & m frequ5tly cases ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\s emancipation ( sep>ate individuals f submission to ! gov]nm5t4 ,& n[ especially ^! manife/ations are v t]rible to ! gov]nm5t1 because ^? :o refuse frequ5tly d n belong to ! s-call$ l[] uncultur$ classes1 b to ! p ) a m$ium or high] education1 & because ^! m5 no long] base _! refusals on "s my/ical exclusive beliefs1 z 0 ! case =m]ly1 nor connect !m ) "s sup]/ition or savage practices1 z is ! case ) ! ,self-,consum]s & ,runn]s1 b put =? ! simple/ & cle>e/ tru?s1 :i* are accessible to all m5 & recogniz$ by !m all4 ,?us !y refuse to pay _! taxes volunt>ily1 because ! taxes are us$ = acts ( viol5ce1 = sal>ies to violators & milit>y m51 = ! con/ruction ( prisons1 =tresses1 cannon1 :ile !y1 z ,*ri/ians1 consid] x s9ful & immoral to take "p 9 ^! ?+s4 ,^? :o refuse to take ! common oa? d s because to promise to obey ! au?orities1 t is1 m5 :o are giv5 to acts ( viol5ce1 is contr>y to ! ,*ri/ian tea*+2 !y refuse to take _! oa? 9 c\rts1 because ! oa? is directly =bidd5 9 ! ,gospel4 ,!y decl9e to s]ve 9 ! police1 because 9 connection ) ^! duties !y h to use =ce aga9/ _! own bro!rs & torm5t !m1 :]eas a ,*ri/ian may n d s4 ,!y decl9e to take "p 9 c\rt proce$+s1 because !y consid] e c\rt proce$+ a fulfilm5t ( ! law ( rev5ge1 :i* is incompatible ) ! ,*ri/ian law ( =giv5ess & love4 ,!y decl9e to take "p 9 all milit>y prep>ations & 9 ! army1 because !y d n wi% to be & _c be execution]s1 & d n want to prep>e !mselves = ! (fice ( execution]4 ,all ! motives ( ^! refusals are su* t1 no matt] h[ despotic a gov]nm5t may be1 x _c puni% !m op5ly4 ,to puni% !m = su* refusals1 a gov]nm5t mu/ itself irretrievably r5\nce reason & ! good2 :]eas x assures m5 t x s]ves only 9 ! "n ( reason & ( ! good4 ,:at are ! gov]nm5ts to d aga9/ ^! m58 ,inde$1 ! gov]nm5ts c kill (f1 = ev] %ut up 9 prisons & at h>d lab\r _! enemies1 :o wi% by ! ex]cise ( viol5ce to ov]?r[ !m2 !y c bury 9 gold half ( ! m51 su* z !y may ne$1 & bribe !m2 !y c subject to !mselves millions ( arm$ m51 :o w be ready to de/roy all ! enemies ( ! gov]nm5ts4 ,b :at c !y d ) m5 :o1 n wi%+ to de/roy any?+1 nor to e/abli% any?+1 wi% only = _! own sakes1 = ! sake ( _! lives1 to d no?+ :i* is contr>y to ! ,*ri/ian law1 & s refuse to fulfil ! mo/ common obligations1 :i* are mo/ indisp5sable to ! gov]nm5ts8 ,if !y 7 revolutioni/s1 :o prea* viol5ce & murd]1 & :o practise all ^! ?+s1 x w\ld be easy to oppose !m3 "p ( !m w\ld be brib$1 "p deceiv$1 "p fright5$ into subjection2 & ^? :o c\ld n be brib$1 or deceiv$1 or fright5$1 w\ld be decl>$ malefactors & enemies ( society1 w\ld be execut$ or lock$ up1 & ! cr[d w\ld applaud ! action ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,if !y 7 "s horrible sect>ians :o prea*$ a peculi> fai?1 x w\ld be possible1 ?anks to ^? sup]/itions ( falsehood1 :i* by !m are mix$ 9 ) _! doctr9e1 to ov]?r[ :atev] tru? !re is 9 _! fai?4 ,b :at is to be done ) m5 :o prea* nei!r revolution1 nor any special religi\s dogmas1 b only1 because !y d n wi% to h>m any "o1 refuse to take ! oa? ( allegiance1 to pay taxes1 to take "p 9 c\rt proce$+s1 9 milit>y s]vice1 & 9 duties on :i* ! :ole /ructure ( ! gov]nm5t is bas$8 ,:at is to be done ) su* m58 ,x is impossible to bribe !m3 ! v risk :i* !y take %[s _! unselfi%ness4 ,nor c !y be deceiv$ by claim+ t ,god wants x s1 because _! refusal is bas$ on ! explicit1 und\bt$ law ( ,god1 :i* is pr(ess$ by ! v m5 :o wi% to make !m act contr>y to x4 ,/ill less is x possible to intimidate !m ) ?reats1 because ! privations & suff]+s to :i* !y are subject$ = _! fai? only /r5g!n _! desire1 & because x says di/9ctly 9 _! law t ,god mu/ be obey$ m ?an m51 & t !y %\ld n fe> ^? :o may ru9 _! bodies1 b t :i* may ru9 bo? _! bodies & _! s\ls4 ,nor c !y be execut$ or lock$ up = ev]4 ,^! m5 h a pa/1 & fri5ds1 & _! mann] ( ?9k+ & act+ is kn[n2 all "k !m z meek1 good1 peaceful m51 & x is impossible to decl>e !m to be malefactors :o ought to be remov$ = ! safety ( society4 ,! execution ( m5 :o by all m5 are recogniz$ to be good w only call =? def5d]s ( ! refusal & comm5tators on x2 & ! causes ( ! refusal ne$ b be made cle>1 9 ord] t x may become cle> to all m5 t ! causes :i* make ^! ,*ri/ians refuse to comply ) ! dem&s ( ! /ate are ! same = all o!r m51 & t all m5 ought to h done s long ago4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ! refusals ( ! ,*ri/ians ! gov]nm5ts are 9 a desp]ate plight4 ,!y see t ! prophecy ( ,*ri/ianity is be+ fulfill$1--x te>s asund] ! fett]s ( ! fett]$ & sets free ! m5 :o liv$ 9 slav]y1 & !y see t ?is lib]ation w inevitably de/roy ^? :o keep o!rs 9 slav]y4 ,! gov]nm5ts see ?is2 !y "k t _! h\rs are numb]$1 & are unable to d any?+4 ,all !y c d = _! salvation is to def] ! h\r ( _! ru94 ,?is !y d1 b _! situation is none ! less desp]ate4 ,! situation ( ! gov]nm5ts is l ! situation ( a conqu]or :o wants to save ! city t is fir$ by its own inhabitants4 ,he no soon] puts out ! fire 9 "o place ?an x beg9s to burn 9 two o!r places2 he no soon] gives way to ! fire & breaks (f :at is burn+ 9 a l>ge build+1 ?an ev5 ?is build+ beg9s to burn f two sides4 ,^! individual fires are /ill r>e1 b hav+ />t$ ) a sp>k1 !y w n /op until ev]y?+ is consum$4 ,& j z ! gov]nm5ts f9d !mselves 9 su* unprotect$ /raits 9 ! pres5ce ( m5 :o pr(ess ,*ri/ianity1 & :5 b v little is want+ = ?is =ce1 :i* seems s p[]ful & :i* 0 re>$ ?r\gh s _m c5turies1 to fall to pieces1 ! public lead]s prea* t x is n only unnecess>y1 b ev5 h>mful & immoral1 = e individual to try & free himself f slav]y4 ,x is z ?\gh "s p1 to free a damm$ up riv]1 %\ld h all b cut ?r\gh a dit*1 :5 no?+ b an op5+ is necess>y = ! wat] to fl[ into ?is dit* & d ! re/1 & !re %\ld appe> "s p :o w\ld p]suade !m t1 r ?an let (f ! wat]1 !y %\ld con/ruct above ! riv] a ma*9e ) buckets1 :i*1 draw+ ! wat] up on "o side1 w\ld drop x into ! same riv] f ! o!r side4 ,b ! matt] has gone too f>3 ! gov]nm5ts feel _! indef5sibl5ess & weakness1 & ! m5 ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness are awak5+ f _! le?>gy & are beg9n+ to feel _! /r5g?4 ,i br\ght ! fire ^u e>?1 said ,*ri/1 & h[ ,i long = x to burn up6 ,& ?is fire is beg9n+ to burn up4 ,x4 ,*ri/ianity 9 its true mean+ de/roys ! /ate4 ,?us x 0 und]/ood f ! v beg9n+1 & ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ = ?is v reason1 & ?us x has always be5 und]/ood by m5 :o are n fett]$ by ! necessity ( prov+ ! ju/ification ( ! ,*ri/ian /ate4 ,only :5 ! heads ( ! /ates accept$ ! ext]nal nom9al ,*ri/ianity did !y beg9 to inv5t all ^? impossible f9ely spun !ories1 accord+ to :i* ,*ri/ianity 0 compatible ) ! /ate4 ,b = e s9c]e & s]i\s man ( our "t x is q obvi\s t true ,*ri/ianity--! tea*+ ( humility1 ( =giv5ess ( (f5ces1 ( love--is incompatible ) ! /ate1 ) its magnific5ce1 its viol5ce1 its executions1 & its w>s4 ,! pr(ession ( true ,*ri/ianity n only excludes ! possibility ( recogniz+ ! /ate1 b ev5 de/roys its v f\ndations4 ,b if ?is is s1 & x is true t ,*ri/ianity is incompatible ) ! /ate1 !re naturally arises ! "q3 ,:at is m necess>y = ! good ( humanity1 :at m p]man5tly secures ! good ( m51 ! political =m ( life1 or its de/ruction & ! sub/itution ( ,*ri/ianity 9 its place8 ,"s m5 say t ! /ate is mo/ necess>y = humanity1 t ! de/ruction ( ! political =m w\ld lead to ! de/ruction ( ev]y?+ work$ out by humanity1 t ! /ate has be5 & cont9ues to be ! only =m ( ! developm5t ( humanity1 & t all t evil :i* we see among ! nations :o live 9 ! political =m is n due to ?is =m1 b to ! abuses1 :i* c be m5d$ )\t de/ruction1 & t humanity1 )\t impair+ ! political =m1 c develop & rea* a high degree ( well-be+4 ,& ! m5 :o ?9k s adduce 9 confirmation ( _! op9ion philosophic1 hi/oric1 & ev5 religi\s argum5ts1 :i* to !m seem incontrov]tible4 ,b !re are m5 :o assume ! opposite1 namely1 t1 z !re 0 a "t :5 humanity liv$ )\t a political =m1 ?is =m is only tempor>y1 & ! "t mu/ arrive :5 m5 %all ne$ a new =m1 & t ?is "t has arriv$ ev5 n[4 ,& ! m5 :o ?9k s also adduce 9 confirmation ( _! op9ion philosophic1 & hi/oric1 & religi\s argum5ts1 :i* also seem incontrov]tible to !m4 ,x is possible to write volumes 9 ! def5ce ( ! fir/ op9ion 7!y h be5 writt5 long ago1 & !re is /ill no end to !m71 & !re c be writt5 mu* aga9/ x 7?\gh b lately begun1 _m a brilliant ?+ has be5 writt5 aga9/ x74 ,x is impossible to prove1 z ! def5d]s ( ! /ate claim1 t ! de/ruction ( ! /ate w lead to a social *aos1 mutual rap9e1 murd]1 & ! de/ruction ( all public in/itutions1 & ! return ( humanity to b>b>ism2 nor c x be prov$1 z ! oppon5ts ( ! /ate claim1 t m5 h already become s wise & good t !y d n rob or kill "o ano!r1 t !y pref] peace to ho/ility1 t !y w !mselves )\t ! aid ( ! /ate arrange ev]y?+ !y ne$1 & t !re=e ! /ate n only does n contribute to all ?is1 b1 on ! contr>y1 "u ! guise ( def5d+ m51 ex]ts a h>mful & be/ializ+ influ5ce ^u !m4 ,x is impossible to prove ei!r ! "o or ! o!r by means ( ab/ract reflections4 ,/ill less c x be prov$ by exp]i5ce1 s9ce ! "q consi/s 9 ?is1 :e!r ! exp]im5t is to be made or n4 ,! "q z to :e!r ! "t has come = aboli%+ ! /ate1 or n1 w\ld be insoluble1 if !re did n exi/ ano!r vital me?od = an inconte/able solution ( ! same4 ,q indep5d5tly ( anybody's reflections z to :e!r ! *icks are suffici5tly matur$ = him to drive ! h5 away f ! ne/ & let ! *icks out ( _! eggs1 or :e!r !y are n yet suffici5tly matur$1 ! inconte/able judges ( ! case w be ! *icks !mselves1 :51 unable to f9d en\gh room 9 _! eggs1 !y w beg9 to pick !m ) _! bills1 & w !mselves come out ( !m4 ,! same is true ( ! "q :e!r ! "t = de/roy+ ! political =m & = sub/itut+ ano!r =m has come1 or n4 ,if a man1 9 consequ5ce ( ! high] consci\sness matur$ 9 him1 is no long] able to comply ) ! dem&s ( ! /ate1 no long] f9ds room 9 x1 & at ! same "t no long] is 9 ne$ ( ! pres]vation ( ! political =m1 ! "q z to :e!r m5 h matur$ = ! *ange ( ! political =m1 or n1 is decid$ f an entirely diff]5t side1 & j z inconte/ably z = ! *ick t has pick$ its %ell1 into :i* no p[] 9 ! _w c aga9 return x1 by ! m5 !mselves :o h outgr[n ! /ate & :o _c be return$ to x by any p[] 9 ! _w4 ,x is v likely t ! /ate 0 necess>y & ev5 n[ is necess>y = all ^? purposes :i* y ascribe to x1 says ! man :o has made ! ,*ri/ian life-conception 8 own1 b all ,i "k is t1 on ! "o h&1 ,i no long] ne$ ! /ate1 &1 on ! o!r1 ,i c no long] p]=m ^? acts :i* are necess>y = ! exi/5ce ( ! /ate4 ,arrange = y\rselves :at y ne$ = y\r lives3 ,i _c prove ei!r ! common necessity1 or ! common h>m ( ! /ate2 all ,i "k is :at ,i ne$ & :at n1 :at ,i may d & :at n4 ,i "k = myself t ,i d n ne$ any sep>ation f ! o!r nations1 & s ,i _c recognize my exclusive belong+ to "s "o nation or /ate1 & my subjection to any gov]nm5t2 ,i "k 9 my own case t ,i d n ne$ all ^? gov]nm5t (fices & c\rts1 :i* are ! product ( viol5ce1 & s ,i _c take "p 9 any ( !m2 ,i "k 9 my own case t ,i d n ne$ to attack o!r nations & kill !m1 nor def5d myself by tak+ up arms1 & s ,i _c take "p 9 w>s & 9 prep>ations = !m4 ,x is v likely t !re are "s p :o _c reg>d all t z necess>y & indisp5sable4 ,i _c dispute ) !m1--all ,i "k conc]n+ myself1 b t ,i "k inconte/ably1 is t ,i d n ne$ x all & am n able to d x4 ,i d n ne$ x1 & ,i _c d x1 n because ,i1 my p]sonality1 d n want x1 b because ,he :o has s5t me into life1 & has giv5 me ! inconte/able law = guidance 9 my life1 does n want x4 ,no matt] :at argum5ts m5 may adduce 9 pro( ( ! dang] ( aboli%+ ! p[] ( ! /ate & t ?is abolition may beget calamities1 ! m5 :o h outgr[n ! political =m c no long] f9d _! place 9 x4 ,&1 no matt] :at argum5ts may be adduc$ to a man :o has outgr[n ! political =m1 ab\t its indisp5sabl5ess1 he _c return to x1 _c take "p 9 ! affairs :i* are d5i$ by 8 consci\sness1 j z ! full-gr[n *icks c no long] return into ! %ell :i* !y h outgr[n4 ,b ev5 if ?is is s1 say ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord]1 ! abolition ( ! viol5ce ( /ate w\ld be possible & desirable only if all m5 became ,*ri/ians4 ,s long z ?is is n ! case1 s long z among m5 :o only call !mselves ,*ri/ians !re are m5 :o are no ,*ri/ians1 evil m51 :o = ! sake ( _! p]sonal lu/ are prep>$ to d h>m to o!rs1 ! abolition ( ! p[] ( /ate w\ld n only fail to be a good = all ! re/1 b w\ld ev5 increase _! wret*$ness4 ,! abolition ( ! political =m ( life is undesirable1 n only :5 !re is a small proportion ( true ,*ri/ians1 b ev5 :5 all %all be ,*ri/ians1 :ile 9 _! mid/ or all ab\t !m1 among o!r nations1 !re %all rema9 non-,*ri/ians1 because ! non-,*ri/ians w ) impunity rob1 violate1 kill ! ,*ri/ians & make _! life mis]able4 ,:at w happ5 w be t ! evil m5 w ) impunity rule ! good & d viol5ce to !m4 ,& s ! p[] ( /ate mu/ n be aboli%$ until all ! bad1 rapaci\s m5 9 ! _w are de/roy$4 ,& z ?is w n happ5 = a long "t to come1 if at all1 ?is p[]1 9 spite ( ! attempts ( individual ,*ri/ians at emancipat+ !mselves f ! p[] ( /ate1 mu/ be ma9ta9$ = ! sake ( ! majority ( m54 ,?us speak ! def5d]s ( ! /ate4 ,)\t ! /ate ! evil m5 d viol5ce to ! good & rule ov] !m1 b ! p[] ( /ate makes x possible = ! good to keep ! evil 9 *eck1 !y say4 ,b1 9 ass]t+ ?is1 ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s decide 9 advance ! ju/ice ( ! position :i* x is = !m to prove4 ,9 say+ t )\t ! p[] ( /ate ! evil m5 w\ld rule ov] ! good1 !y take x = grant$ t ! good are precisely ^? :o at ! pres5t "t h p[]1 & ! bad ! same :o are n[ subjugat$4 ,b x is precisely ?is t has to be prov$4 ,?is w\ld be true only if 9 our _w took place :at really does n take place1 b is suppos$ to take place1 9 ,*9a1 namely1 t ! good are always 9 p[]1 & t1 z soon z at ! helm ( ! gov]nm5t /& m5 :o are n bett] ?an ^? ov] :om !y rule1 ! citiz5s are oblig$ to depose !m4 ,?us x is suppos$ to be 9 ,*9a1 b 9 reality ?is is n s1 & _c be s1 because1 9 ord] to ov]?r[ ! p[] ( ! violat+ gov]nm5t1 x is n en\gh to h ! "r to d s1--"o mu/ also h ! =ce4 ,consequ5tly ?is is only assum$ to be s ev5 9 ,*9a2 b 9 our ,*ri/ian _w ?is has nev] ev5 be5 assum$4 ,9 our _w !re is n ev5 any f\ndation = assum+ t bett] m5 or ! be/ %\ld rule1 & n ^? :o h seiz$ ! p[] & reta9 x = !mselves & = _! desc5dants4 ,bett] m5 are absolutely unable to seize ! p[] & to reta9 x4 ,9 ord] to get ! p[] & reta9 x1 x is necess>y to love p[]2 b love ( p[] is n connect$ ) goodness1 b ) qualities :i* are ! opposite ( goodness1 su* z pride1 cunn+1 cruelty4 ,)\t self-aggr&izem5t & debasem5t ( o!rs1 )\t hypocrisy1 deceit1 prisons1 =tresses1 executions1 murd]s1 a p[] c nei!r arise nor ma9ta9 itself4 ,if ! p[] ( /ate be aboli%$1 ! m evil m5 w rule ov] ! less evil ones1 say ! def5d]s ( ! /ate4 ,b if ! ,egyptians subjugat$ ! ,jews1 ! ,p]sians ! ,egyptians1 ! ,mac$onians ! ,p]sians1 ! ,romans ! ,greeks1 ! b>b>ians ! ,romans1 is x possible t all ^? :o h subjugat$ 7 bett] ?an ^? :om !y subjugat$8 ,& simil>ly1 9 ! transf]5ce ( ! p[] 9 "o /ate f "o set ( p]sons to ano!r1 has ! p[] always pass$ into ! h&s ( ^? :o 7 bett]8 ,:5 ,l\is ,,xvi4 0 depos$1 & ,robespi]re & lat] ,napoleon rul$1 :o did rule8 ,bett] or worse m58 ,& :5 did bett] m5 rule1 :5 m5 f ,v]sailles or f ! ,commune 7 9 p[]8 or :5 ,*>les ,i4 or ,cromwell 0 at ! head ( ! gov]nm5t8 or :5 ,pet] ,,iii4 0 ,ts> or :5 he 0 kill$1 & ! sov]eign 0 ,ca!r9e = "o "p ( ,russia & ,puga*v = ! o!r8 ,:o 0 !n evil & :o good8 ,all m5 9 p[] ass]t t _! p[] is necess>y 9 ord] t ! evil m5 may n d viol5ce to ! good1 mean+ by ?is t !y are ^? same good m51 :o protect o!rs aga9/ ! evil m54 ,b to rule means to d viol5ce1 & to d viol5ce means to d :at ! o!r man1 on :om ! viol5ce is ex]t$1 does n wi% to h done to him1 & :at1 no d\bt1 he :o ex]ts ! viol5ce w\ld n wi% to h done to himself2 consequ5tly1 to rule means to d to ano!r :at we d n wi% to h done to ourselves1 t is1 to d evil4 ,to submit means to pref] suff]+ to viol5ce4 ,b to pref] suff]+ to viol5ce means to be good1 or at lea/ less evil ?an ^? :o d to ano!r :at !y d n wi% to h done to !mselves4 ,& s all ! probabilities are 9 fav\r ( ! fact t n ^? :o are bett] ?an ^? ov] :om !y rule1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ^? :o are worse1 h always be5 & ev5 n[ are 9 p[]4 ,!re may also be worse m5 among ^? :o submit to ! p[]1 b x _c be t bett] m5 %\ld rule ov] worse m54 ,?is 0 impossible to assume 9 case ( ! pagan inexact def9ition ( goodness2 b ) ! ,*ri/ian lucid & exact def9ition ( goodness & evil1 x is impossible to ?9k s4 ,if m or less good m51 m or less bad m51 _c be di/+ui%$ 9 ! pagan _w1 ! ,*ri/ian conception ( good & evil has s cle>ly def9$ ! symptoms ( ! good & ! evil1 t !y c no long] be mi/ak54 ,accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+ ! good are ^? :o humble !mselves1 suff]1 d n resi/ evil ) =ce1 =give (f5ces1 love _! enemies2 ! evil are ^? :o exalt !mselves1 rule1 /ruggle1 & d viol5ce to p1 & s1 accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 !re is no d\bt z to :]e ! good are among ! rul+ & ! subjugat$4 ,x ev5 s\nds ridicul\s to speak ( rul+ ,*ri/ians4 ,! non-,*ri/ians1 t is1 ^? :o base _! lives on ! worldly good1 mu/ always rule ov] ,*ri/ians1 ov] ^? :o assume t _! lives consi/ 9 ! r5unciation ( ?is good4 ,?us x has always be5 & x has become m & m def9ite1 9 proportion z ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ has be5 dissem9at$ & elucidat$4 ,! m ! true ,*ri/ianity spread & ent]$ into ! consci\sness ( m51 ! less x 0 possible = ,*ri/ians to be among ! rul]s1 & ! easi] x grew = non-,*ri/ians to rule ov] ,*ri/ians4 ,! abolition ( ! viol5ce ( /ate at a "t :5 n all m5 9 society h become true ,*ri/ians w\ld h ?is effect1 t ! bad w\ld rule ov] ! good & w\ld ) impunity d viol5ce to !m1 say ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord] ( life4 ,! bad w rule ov] ! good & w d viol5ce to !m4 ,b x has nev] be5 diff]5t1 & x nev] c be4 ,?us x has always be5 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 & ?us x is n[4 ,! bad always rule ov] ! good & always d viol5ce to !m4 ,ca9 did viol5ce to ,abel1 cunn+ ,jacob to tru/ful ,esau1 deceitful ,laban to ,jacob2 ,caiaphas & ,pilate rul$ ov] ,*ri/1 ! ,roman emp]ors rul$ ov] a ,s5eca1 an ,epictetus1 & good ,romans :o liv$ 9 _! "t4 ,john ,,iv4 ) 8 opr*niks1 ! drunk5 syphilitic ,pet] ) 8 fools1 ! h>lot ,ca!r9e ) h] lov]s1 rul$ ov] ! indu/ri\s religi\s ,russians ( _! "t & did viol5ce to !m4 ,william rules ov] ! ,g]mans1 ,/ambulov ov] ! ,bulg>ians1 ,russian (ficials ov] ! ,russian p4 ,! ,g]mans rul$ ov] ! ,italians1 n[ !y rule ov] ,hung>ians & ,slavs2 ! ,turks h rul$ ov] ,greeks & ,slavs2 ! ,engli% rule ov] ,h9doos2 ! ,mongolians rule ov] ! ,*9ese4 ,?us1 :e!r ! political viol5ce be aboli%$ or n1 ! condition ( ! good m5 :o are violat$ by ! bad w n be *ang$ !reby4 ,x is absolutely impossible to fright5 m5 ) ?is1 t ! bad w rule ov] ! good1 because :at !y are fright5$ ) is precisely :at has always be5 & _c be o!rwise4 ,! :ole pagan hi/ory ( humanity consi/s ( only ^? cases :5 ! worse seiz$ ! p[] ov] ! less bad1 &1 hav+ seiz$ x1 ma9ta9$ x by cruelties & cunn+1 &1 proclaim+ !mselves z gu>dians ( ju/ice & def5d]s ( ! good aga9/ ! bad1 rul$ ov] ! good4 ,z to ! rul]s' say+ t1 if x 7 n = _! p[]1 ! worse w\ld d viol5ce to ! good1 x means only ?is1 t ! violators 9 p[] d n wi% to c$e ?is p[] to o!r violators1 :o may wi% to take x f !m4 ,b1 9 say+ ?is1 ! rul]s only give !mselves away4 ,!y say t _! p[]1 t is1 viol5ce1 is necess>y = ! def5ce ( m5 aga9/ "s o!r violators1 or su* z may /ill appe>4#af #af ,comically /rik+ 9 ?is respect is ! nave ass]tion ( ! ,russian au?orities 9 do+ viol5ce to o!r nationalities1 ! ,poles1 ,baltic ,g]mans1 ,jews4 ,! ,russian gov]nm5t practises extortion on its subjects1 = c5turies has n tr\bl$ itself ab\t ! ,little ,russians 9 ,pol&1 nor ab\t ! ,letts 9 ! ,baltic prov9ces1 nor ab\t ! ,russian peasants :o h be5 exploit$ by all mann] ( m51 & sudd5ly x becomes a def5d] ( ! oppress$ aga9/ ! oppressors1 ^? v oppressors :om x oppresses4--,au?or's ,note4 ,! ex]cise ( viol5ce is dang]\s = ! v reason t1 z soon z x is ex]cis$1 all ! argum5ts adduc$ by ! violators c1 n only ) ! same1 b ev5 ) great] =ce1 be appli$ aga9/ !m4 ,!y speak ( ! pa/1 & m frequ5tly ( ! imag9>y future ( viol5ce1 b !mselves )\t cessation commit acts ( viol5ce4 ,y say t m5 us$ to rob & kill o!rs1 & y are afraid t m5 w rob & kill "o ano!r1 if y\r p[] does n exi/4 ,t may be s or n1 b y\r ru9+ ?\s&s ( m5 9 prisons1 at h>d lab\r1 9 =tresses1 9 exile2 y\r ru9+ millions ( families ) y\r milit>ism1 & de/roy+ millions ( p physically & morally1 is n imag9>y1 b real viol5ce1 aga9/ :i*1 accord+ to y\r own /atem5t1 p ought to fight by ex]cis+ viol5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 ^? evil m51 aga9/ :om1 accord+ to y\r own reflection1 x is absolutely necess>y to ex]cise viol5ce1 are y y\rselves1 is :at ! violat$ ought to say to ! violators1 & ! non-,*ri/ians h always spok5 & ?\ght & act$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,if ! violat$ are worse ?an ^? :o ex]cise viol5ce1 !y attack !m & try to ov]?r[ !m1 &1 "u fav\rable conditions1 d ov]?r[ !m1 or1 :at is mo/ usual1 ent] ! ranks ( ! violators & take "p 9 _! acts ( viol5ce4 ,?us ! v ?+ ) :i* ! def5d]s ( ! /ate fright5 m51 t1 if !re did n exi/ a violat+ p[]1 ! bad w\ld be rul+ ov] ! good1 is :at )\t cessation has be5 accompli%$ 9 ! life ( humanity1 & s ! abolition ( political viol5ce c 9 no case be ! cause ( ! increase ( ! viol5ce ( ! bad ov] ! good4 ,:5 ! viol5ce ( ! gov]nm5t is de/roy$1 acts ( viol5ce w1 probably1 be committ$ by o!r m5 ?an be=e2 b ! sum ( ! viol5ce w 9 no case be increas$1 simply because ! p[] w pass f ! h&s ( "o set ( m5 into ^? ( ano!r4 ,! viol5ce ( /ate w be /opp$ only :5 ! bad m5 9 society %all be de/roy$1 say ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord]1 mean+ by ?is t1 s9ce !re w always be bad m51 viol5ce w nev] come to a /op4 ,t w\ld be true only if :at !y assume actually exi/$1 namely1 t ! violators are bett]1 & t ! only means = ! emancipation ( m5 f evil is viol5ce4 ,9 t case viol5ce c\ld1 inde$1 nev] be /opp$4 ,b z ?is is n ! case1 & ! v opposite is true1 namely1 t x is n ! bett] m5 :o ex]cise viol5ce aga9/ ! bad1 b ! bad :o d viol5ce to ! good1 & t outside ( viol5ce1 :i* nev] puts a /op to evil1 !re is ano!r means = ! abolition ( viol5ce1 ! ass]tion t viol5ce w nev] /op is n correct4 ,viol5ce gr[s less & less1 & mu/ evid5tly /op1 b n1 z ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord] imag9e1 because m5 :o are subject to viol5ce w 9 consequ5ce ( ! influ5ce ex]t$ ^u !m by ! gov]nm5ts become bett] & bett] 79 consequ5ce ( ?is !y w1 on ! contr>y1 always become worse71 b because1 s9ce all m5 are con/antly gr[+ bett] & bett]1 ev5 ! wor/ m5 9 p[]1 gr[+ less & less evil1 w become suffici5tly good to be incapable ( ex]cis+ viol5ce4 ,! =w>d movem5t ( humanity takes place1 n 9 ?is way1 t ! be/ elem5ts ( society1 seiz+ ! p[] & us+ viol5ce aga9/ ^? m5 :o are 9 _! p[]1 make !m bett]1 z ! cons]vatives & revolutioni/s ?9k1 b1 9 ! fir/ & *ief place1 9 t all m5 9 g5]al unsw]v+ly & )\t cessation m & m consci\sly acquire ! ,*ri/ian life-conception1 & 9 ! second place1 9 t1 ev5 indep5d5tly ( ! consci\s spiritual activity ( m51 m5 unconsci\sly1 9 consequ5ce ( ! v process ( seizure ( p[] by "o set ( m5 & transf]5ce to ano!r set1 & involunt>ily are br\ght to a m ,*ri/ian relation to life4 ,?is process takes place 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ! wor/ elem5ts ( society1 hav+ seiz$ ! p[] & be+ 9 possession ( x1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! sob]+ quality :i* always accompanies x1 become less & less cruel & less able to make use ( ! cruel =ms ( viol5ce1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 give place to o!rs1 9 :om aga9 goes on ! process ( s(t5+ &1 s to speak1 unconsci\s ,*ri/ianization4 ,:at takes place 9 m5 is some?+ l ! process ( boil+4 ,all ! m5 ( ! majority ( ! non-,*ri/ian life-conception /rive aft] p[] & /ruggle to obta9 x4 ,9 ?is /ruggle ! mo/ cruel & co>se1 & ! lea/ ,*ri/ian elem5ts ( society1 by do+ viol5ce to ! meek]1 m ,*ri/ian p1 :o are m s5sible to ! good1 rise to ! high] /rata ( society4 ,& "h ) ! m5 9 ?is condition !re takes place :at ,*ri/ pr$ict$1 say+3 ,woe unto y t are ri*1 t are full n[1 & :5 all are glorifi$4 ,:at happ5s is t m5 9 p[]1 :o are 9 possession ( ! consequ5ces ( p[]1--( glory & weal?1--hav+ rea*$ c]ta9 diff]5t aims1 :i* !y h set to !mselves 9 _! desires1 recognize _! vanity & return to ! position :i* !y left4 ,*>les ,v41 ,john ,,iv41 ,alex&] ,i41 hav+ recogniz$ all ! vanity & evil ( p[]1 r5\nc$ x1 because !y saw all its evil & 7 no long] able calmly to make use ( viol5ce z ( a good de$1 z !y _h done be=e4 ,b x is n only a ,*>les & an ,alex&] :o travel on ?is road & recognize ! vanity & evil ( p[]3 ?r\gh ?is unconsci\s process ( s(t5+ ( mann]s passes e man :o has acquir$ ! p[] t[>d :i* he has be5 /riv+1 n only e m9i/]1 g5]al1 millionaire1 m]*ant1 b also e head ( an (fice1 :o has obta9$ ! place he has be5 t5 ye>s wait+ =1 e well-to-d peasant1 :o has laid by a hundr$ or two hundr$ r\bles4 ,?r\gh ?is process pass n only sep>ate individuals1 b also aggregates ( m51 :ole nations4 ,! temptations ( p[] & ( ev]y?+ :i* x gives1 ( weal?1 hon\rs1 luxuri\s life1 pres5t !mselves z a wor?y aim = ! activity ( m5 only s long z ! p[] is n atta9$2 b ! mom5t a man atta9s x1 !y reveal _! empt9ess & sl[ly lose _! =ce ( attraction1 l cl\ds1 :i* h =m & beauty only f a di/ance3 "o ne$s b ent] !m1 9 ord] t t :i* seem$ beautiful 9 !m %\ld disappe>4 ,m5 :o h atta9$ p[] & weal?1 frequ5tly ! v m5 :o h ga9$ !m1 m frequ5tly _! desc5dants1 /op be+ s anxi\s = p[] & s cruel 9 atta9+ x4 ,hav+ ?r\gh exp]i5ce1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 le>n$ ! vanity ( ! fruits ( viol5ce1 m51 at times 9 "o1 at o!rs 9 a few g5]ations1 lose ^? vices :i* are evok$ by ! passion = p[] & weal?1 &1 becom+ less cruel1 d n hold _! position1 & are pu%$ out ( p[] by o!r1 less ,*ri/ian1 m evil m51 & return to /rata ( society l[] 9 position1 b high] 9 morality1 increas+ ! av]age ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness ( all m54 ,b imm$iately aft] !m o!r1 worse1 co>s]1 less ,*ri/ian elem5ts ( society rise to ! top1 aga9 are subject$ to ! same process z _! pr$ecessors1 & aga9 9 "o or a few g5]ations1 hav+ exp]i5c$ ! vanity ( ! fruits ( viol5ce & be+ p]meat$ by ,*ri/ianity1 desc5d to ! level ( ! violat$1 & aga9 make place = new1 less co>se violators ?an ! prec$+ ones1 b co>s] ?an ^? :om !y oppress4 ,?us1 despite ! fact t ! p[] rema9s ext]nally ! same t x 01 !re is ) e *ange ( m5 9 p[] a great] increase 9 ! numb] ( m5 :o by exp]i5ce are br\ght to ! necessity ( accept+ ! ,*ri/ian life-conception1 & ) e *ange ! co>se/1 mo/ cruel1 & lea/ ,*ri/ian ( all ent] into ! possession ( ! p[]1 b !y are su* z are con/antly less co>se & cruel & m ,*ri/ian ?an _! pr$ecessors4 ,viol5ce selects & attracts ! wor/ elem5ts ( society1 works !m ov]1 &1 improv+ & s(t5+ !m1 returns !m to society4 ,su* is ! process by means ( :i* ,*ri/ianity1 9 spite ( ! viol5ce :i* is ex]cis$ by ! p[] ( ! /ate & :i* imp$es ! =w>d movem5t ( humanity1 takes possession ( m5 m & m4 ,*ri/ianity is p5etrat+ into ! consci\sness ( m51 n only despite ! viol5ce ex]t$ by ! p[]1 b ev5 by means ( x4 ,& ?us ! ass]tion ( ! def5d]s ( ! political /ructure t1 if ! viol5ce ( ! /ate be aboli%$1 ! evil m5 w rule ov] ! good1 n only does n prove t ?is 7! rul+ ( ! bad ov] ! good7 is dang]\s1 = x is precisely :at is tak+ place n[1 b1 on ! contr>y1 proves t ! viol5ce ( ! /ate1 :i* gives ! bad a *ance to rule ov] ! good1 is ! v evil :i* x is desirable to de/roy1 & :i* is cont9u\sly de/roy$ by life itself4 ,b ev5 if x 7 true t ! viol5ce ( ! /ate w come to an end :5 ^? :o are 9 p[] %all become ,*ri/ian en\gh to r5\nce ! p[] ( _! own *oice1 & !re %all no long] be f\nd any m5 :o are prep>$ to take _! places1 & if x is true t ?is process is tak+ place1 say ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord]1 :5 w t be8 ,if eighte5 hundr$ ye>s h pass$ & !re are /ill s _m volunte]s :o are ready to rule1 & s few :o are ready to submit1 !re is no probability t ?is w happ5 v soon1 or ev] at all4 ,if !re are1 z !re h be5 among all m51 su* z pref] to refuse p[] r ?an to use x1 ! supply ( m5 :o pref] rul+ to submitt+ is s great t x is h>d to imag9e ! "t :5 x %all be exhau/$4 ,= ?is process ( ! ,*ri/ianization ( all m5 to take place1 = all m5 "o aft] ano!r to pass ov] f ! pagan concept ( life to ! ,*ri/ian1 & volunt>ily r5\nce p[] & weal?1 & = no "o to desire to make use ( !m1 x is necess>y t n only all ^? rude1 semisavage m51 :o are entirely incapable ( adopt+ ,*ri/ianity & foll[+ x1 & ( :om !re are always su* a great numb] amid/ e ,*ri/ian society1 b also all savage & non-,*ri/ian nations 9 g5]al1 ( :om !re are s _m outside ! ,*ri/ian society1 %\ld be made ,*ri/ian4 ,& s1 ev5 if we admit t ! process ( ,*ri/ianization w "s day be accompli%$ 9 ! case ( all m51 we mu/ assume1 judg+ f h[ mu* ! matt] has advanc$ 9 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 t ?is w happ5 9 sev]al times eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1--& s x is impossible & useless to ?9k n[ ( ! impossible abolition ( p[]1 & all we %\ld ?9k ( is t ! p[] %\ld be ve/$ 9 ! be/ ( h&s4 ,?us retort ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord]4 ,& ?is reflection w\ld be q correct if ! transition ( m5 f "o concept ( life to ano!r took place only by =ce ( ! "o process :]e e man le>ns individually & "o aft] ano!r by exp]i5ce ! vanity ( p[]1 & by an inn] way rea*es ! ,*ri/ian tru?s4 ,?is process takes place )\t cessation1 & by ?is way m5 "o aft] ano!r pass ov] to ! side ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b m5 pass ov] to ! side ( ,*ri/ianity n by ?is inn] pa? alone2 !re is also an ext]nal me?od1 ) :i* ! gradualness ( ?is transition is de/roy$4 ,! transition ( m5 f "o /ructure ( life to ano!r does n always take place 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! s& is p\r$ out f an h\r-glass1--"o k]nel ( s& aft] ano!r1 f ! fir/ to ! la/1--b r l wat] p\r+ into a vessel t is imm]g$ 9 ! wat]1 :5 x at fir/ admits ! wat] ev5ly & sl[ly at "o side1 & !n1 f ! weight ( ! wat] already tak5 91 sudd5ly dips d[n fa/ & almo/ all at once receives all ! wat] :i* x c hold4 ,! same occurs ) societies ( m5 at ! transition f "o concept1 & s f "o /ructure ( life1 to ano!r4 ,x is only at fir/ t "o aft] ano!r sl[ly & gradually receives ! new tru? by an inn] way & foll[s x ?r\gh life2 b aft] a c]ta9 diffusion x is no long] receiv$ 9 an int]nal mann]1 nor gradually1 b all at once1 almo/ involunt>ily4 ,& s !re is no tru? 9 ! reflection ( ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord] t1 if 9 ! c\rse ( eighte5 hundr$ ye>s only a small "p ( mank9d has pass$ ov] to ! side ( ,*ri/ianity1 x w take sev]al times eighte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ! re/ ( humanity w pass ov] to its side2 !re is no tru? 9 x1 because ) ?is reflection no att5tion is paid to any o!r ?an ! int]nal atta9m5t ( ! tru?1 & ! transition f "o =m ( life to ano!r4 ,?is o!r me?od ( atta9+ a newly reveal$ tru? & transition to a new /ructure ( life consi/s 9 ?is1 t m5 d n atta9 ! tru? simply because !y p]ceive x ) a prophetic feel+ or exp]i5ce ( life1 b also because at a c]ta9 /age ( ! dissem9ation ( ! tru? all m5 :o /& on a l[] /age ( developm5t accept x all at once1 out ( confid5ce 9 ^? :o h accept$ x 9 an int]nal way1 & apply x to life4 ,e new tru?1 :i* *anges ! composition ( human life & moves humanity =w>d1 is at fir/ accept$ by only a v small numb] ( m51 :o und]/& x 9 an int]nal way4 ,! re/1 :o out ( confid5ce _h accept$ ! previ\s tru?1 on :i* ! exi/+ ord] is bas$1 always oppose ! dissem9ation ( ! new tru?4 ,b s9ce1 9 ! fir/ place1 m5 d n /& /ill1 b incessantly move =w>d1 compreh5d+ ! tru? m & m1 & approa*+ x ) _! lives1 &1 9 ! second place1 all ( !m1 ?r\gh _! age1 education1 & race1 are pr$ispos$ to a gradation ( m51 f ^? :o are mo/ capable to compreh5d newly reveal$ tru?s 9 an int]nal way to ^? :o are lea/ capable to d s1 ! m5 :o /& ne>e/ to ^? :o h atta9$ ! tru? 9 an int]nal way "o aft] ano!r1 at fir/ aft] long p]iods ( "t1 & !n m & m frequ5tly1 pass ov] to ! side ( ! new tru?1 & ! numb] ( m5 :o recognize ! new tru? gr[s l>g] & l>g]1 & ! tru? gr[s all ! "t m & m compreh5sible4 ,! great] ! numb] ( m5 :o atta9 ! tru? & ! m ! tru? is compreh5sible1 ! m confid5ce is evok$ 9 ! re/ ( ! m51 :o 9 _! ability to compreh5d /& on a l[] /age1 & ! easi] does ! atta9m5t ( ! tru? gr[ = !m1 & ! great] is ! numb] :o make ! tru? _! own4 ,?us ! movem5t keeps accel]at+ & accel]at+1 exp&+ & exp&+1 l a sn[ball1 until !re g]m9ates a public op9ion :i* is 9 accord ) ! new tru?1 & ! rema9+ mass ( m5 no long] s+ly1 b 9 a body1 "u ! pressure ( ?is =ce1 passes ov] to ! side ( ! new tru?1 & a new /ructure ( life is e/abli%$1 :i* is 9 agreem5t ) ?is tru?4 ,m5 :o pass ov] to ! side ( a new tru? :i* has rea*$ a c]ta9 degree ( dissem9ation always d s all at once1 9 a mass1 & !y are l t balla/ ) :i* e vessel is lad5 all at once = its /able equilibrium & regul> c\rse4 ,if !re 7 no balla/1 ! vessel w\ld n /ay 9 ! wat]1 & w\ld be *ang+ its c\rse ) ! lea/ *ange 9 conditions4 ,?is balla/1 ?\gh at fir/ x seems to be sup]flu\s & ev5 to ret>d ! %ip's motion1 is a necess>y condition ( its regul> motion4 ,! same is true ( t mass ( m5 :o1 n "o by "o1 b always all toge!r1 "u ! influ5ce ( a new public op9ion1 pass ov] f "o concept ( life to ano!r4 ,by its in]tia ?is mass always ret>ds ! rapid1 frequ5t transitions1 unv]ifi$ by human wisdom1 f "o /ructure ( life to ano!r1 & = a long "t reta9s e tru? :i*1 v]ifi$ by a long exp]i5ce ( a /ruggle1 has ent]$ into ! consci\sness ( humanity4 ,& s !re is no tru? 9 ! reflection t1 if only a small1 a v small1 "p ( humanity has atta9$ ! ,*ri/ian tru? 9 ! c\rse ( eighte5 c5turies1 ! :ole ( humanity w atta9 x only 9 _m1 _m times eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 t is1 t x is s f> away t we ( ! pres5t "t ne$ n ev5 ?9k ( x4 ,x is untrue1 because ! m5 :o /& on a l[] /age ( developm5t1 ^? v nations & p :om ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord] repres5t z a h9drance = ! realization ( ! ,*ri/ian /ructure ( life1 are ! same p :o always at once1 9 a mass1 pass ov] to ! side ( a tru? :i* is accept$ by public op9ion4 ,!re=e ! *ange 9 ! life ( humanity1 ! "o 9 consequ5ce ( :i* m5 9 p[] w r5\nce ! p[] & among ! m5 :o submit to p[] !re w n be f\nd su* z are desir\s ( seiz+ x1 w n arrive :5 all m5 "o aft] ano!r to ! v la/ %all h consci\sly atta9$ ! ,*ri/ian life-conception1 b :5 !re arises a def9ite1 easily compreh5sible ,*ri/ian public op9ion :i* w conqu] all t in]t mass t is unable by an int]nal way to atta9 ! tru?s & s is always subject to ! effect ( public op9ion4 ,b public op9ion to arise & be diffus$ does n ne$ hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & has ! prop]ty ( act+ infecti\sly ^u p & ) great rapidity embrac+ l>ge numb]s ( m54 ,b if x is ev5 true1 ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord] w say1 t public op9ion1 at a c]ta9 /age ( its def9it5ess & lucidity1 is able to make ! in]t mass ( m5 outside ! ,*ri/ian societies1--! non-,*ri/ian nations1--& corrupt & co>se m51 :o live )9 ! societies1 submit to x1 :at are ! symptoms t ?is ,*ri/ian public op9ion has aris5 & may take ! place ( viol5ce8 ,x is n "r = u to take ! risk & reject viol5ce1 by :i* ! exi/+ ord] is ma9ta9$1 & to dep5d on ! impalpable & indef9ite =ce ( public op9ion1 leav+ x to ! savage m5 outside & inside ! societies ) impunity to rob1 kill1 & 9 e way violate ! ,*ri/ians4 ,if ) ! aid ( ! p[] we ) difficulty eddy away f ! non-,*ri/ian elem5ts1 :i* are ev] ready to inundate u & de/roy all ! progress ( ! ,*ri/ian civilization1 is !re1 9 ! fir/ place1 a probability t public op9ion c take ! "p ( ?is =ce & make u secure1 &1 9 ! second1 h[ are we to f9d t mom5t :5 public op9ion has become s /rong t x c take ! place ( ! p[]8 ,to remove ! p[] & to dep5d = our self-def5ce on no?+ b public op9ion means to act z s5selessly z w\ld a man :o 9 a m5ag]ie w\ld ?r[ away 8 weapons & let out all ! lions & tig]s f _! cages1 dep5d+ on ! fact t ! animals 9 ! cages & 9 ! pres5ce ( heat$ rods appe>$ tame4 ,& s ! m5 :o h ! p[]1 :o by fate or by ,god are plac$ 9 ! position ( ! rul+1 h no "r to risk ! ru9 ( all ! progress ( civilization1 only because !y w\ld l to make an exp]im5t z to :e!r public op9ion c take ! place ( ! protection ( p[]1 & s mu/ n give up _! p[]4 ,! ,fr5* writ]1 ,alphonse ,k>r1 n[ =gott51 has said some:]e1 :5 speak+ ( ! impossibility ( aboli%+ capital puni%m5t1 ,que ,messieurs les assass9s comm5c5t p> n\s donn] l'exemple1 & _m times aft] t h ,i he>d ! repetition ( ?is joke by m5 :o ?\ght t ) ^! words !y gave a conclusive & clev] argum5t aga9/ ! abolition ( capital puni%m5t4 ,& yet x is impossible m lucidly to express all t fals5ess ( ! argum5t ( ^? :o ?9k t ! gov]nm5ts _c give up _! p[] s long z m5 are capable ( x1 ?an by ?is v joke4 ,let ! assass9s1 say ! def5d]s ( ! viol5ce ( /ate1 set u ! example1 by aboli%+ murd]1 & !n we %all aboli% x4 ,b ! assass9s say ! same1 only ) great] "r4 ,! assass9s say1 ,let ^? :o h und]tak5 to tea* & guide u set u ! example ( aboli%+ murd]1 & !n we w foll[ !m4 ,& !y d n say s = a joke1 b 9 all s]i\sness1 because su* inde$ is ! /ate ( affairs4 ,we _c desi/ f viol5ce1 because we are on all sides surr\nd$ by violators4 ,no?+ 9 our day int]f]es m ?an ?is false consid]ation ) ! =w>d motion ( humanity & ! e/abli%m5t among x ( t /ructure ( life :i* is already prop] = its pres5t consci\sness4 ,! m5 9 p[] are conv9c$ t x is only viol5ce t moves & guides m51 & s !y boldly use viol5ce = ! ma9t5ance ( ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s4 ,b ! exi/+ ord] is n ma9ta9$ ?r\gh viol5ce1 b ?r\gh public op9ion1 ! effect ( :i* is impair$ by viol5ce4 ,?us ! activity ( viol5ce weak5s & impairs precisely :at x int5ds to ma9ta94 ,viol5ce1 9 ! be/ case1 if x does n pursue only ! p]sonal ends ( m5 9 p[]1 always d5ies & condemns by ! "o immovable =m ( ! law :at = ! mo/ "p has be5 d5i$ & condemn$ be=e by public op9ion1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t1 :ile public op9ion d5ies & condemns all acts :i* are contr>y to ! moral law1 embrac+ 9 its condemnation ! mo/ v>i$ propositions1 ! law :i* is support$ by viol5ce condemns & p]secutes only a c]ta91 v n>r[ ord] ( acts1 ?us1 z x 71 ju/ify+ all ! acts ( ! same ord] :i* h n ent]$ into its def9ition4 ,public op9ion has ev] s9ce ! "t ( ,moses consid]$ av>ice1 debau*]y1 & cruelty to be evil1 & has condemn$ !m2 & ?is public op9ion d5ies & condemns e k9d ( a manife/ation ( av>ice1--n only ! acquisition ( ano!r man's prop]ty by means ( viol5ce1 deceit1 & cunn+1 b also a cruel usufruct ( ! same2 x condemns e k9d ( debau*]y1 be x =nication ) a concub9e1 or a slave1 a divorc$ wife1 or ev5 "o's own wife2 x condemns e cruelty :i* is express$ 9 assaults1 9 bad treatm5t1 9 ! murd]1 n only ( m51 b also ( animals4 ,b ! law1 :i* is bas$ on viol5ce1 prosecutes only c]ta9 =ms ( av>ice1 su* z !ft1 rascality1 & c]ta9 =ms ( debau*]y & cruelty1 su* z ! violation ( m>ital fidelity1 murd]s1 crippl+1--!re=e1 z x 71 p]mitt+ all ^? phases ( av>ice1 debau*]y1 & cruelty :i* d n fit 9 ) ! n>r[ def9ition1 :i* is subject to mis9t]pretations4 ,b n only does viol5ce di/ort public op9ion1--x also produces 9 m5 t p]nici\s conviction t m5 are n mov$ by spiritual =ce1 :i* is ! s\rce ( e =w>d movem5t ( humanity1 b by viol5ce1--t v action :i* n only does n br+ p ne>] to tru?1 b always removes !m f x4 ,?is delusion is p]nici\s 9 t x compels m5 to neglect ! fundam5tal =ce ( _! life1--_! spiritual activity1--& to transf] all _! att5tion & en]gy to ! sup]ficial1 idle1 & = ! mo/ "p h>mful1 activity ( viol5ce4 ,?is delusion is l ! "o m5 w\ld be 9 if !y wi%$ to make a locomotive move by turn+ its :eels ) _! h&s1 =gett+ entirely t ! prime cause ( its motion is ! expansion ( /eam & n ! motion ( ! :eels4 ,m5 :o w\ld turn ! :eels ) _! h&s & ) lev]s w\ld produce no?+ b a semblance ( motion1 9 ! meantime b5d+ ! :eels & int]f]+ ) ! possibility ( ! locomotive's real motion4 ,x is ?is t m5 d :5 !y want to move m5 by means ( ext]nal viol5ce4 ,m5 say t a ,*ri/ian life )\t viol5ce _c be e/abli%$1 because !re are savage nations outside ( ,*ri/ian society1--9 ,africa1 9 ,asia 7"s p repres5t ! ,*9ese z su* a p]il = our civilization71--& !re are su* savage1 corrupt1 &1 accord+ to ! new !ory ( h]$ity1 confirm$ crim9als amid/ ,*ri/ian societies2 & t viol5ce is ne$$ = ! purpose ( keep+ ei!r f de/roy+ our civilization4 ,b ^? savage m51 outside & )9 ! societies1 ) :om we fright5 ourselves & o!rs1 h nev] submitt$ to viol5ce1 & are n ev5 n[ conqu]$ by x4 ,nations h nev] subjugat$ o!r nations by viol5ce alone4 ,if a nation :i* subjugat$ ano!r /ood on a l[] /age ( developm5t1 !re 0 always repeat$ ! ph5om5on t x did n introduce its /ructure ( life by means ( viol5ce1 b1 on ! contr>y1 always submitt$ to ! /ructure ( life :i* exi/$ 9 ! conqu]$ nation4 ,if a nation1 cru%$ by =ce1 is subjugat$ or close to subjugation1 x is s only ?r\gh public op9ion1 & by no means ?r\gh viol5ce1 :i*1 on ! contr>y1 provokes ! nation m & m4 ,if m5 h ev] be5 subjugat$ by :ole nations to a new religi\s confession1 & by :ole nations h be5 baptiz$ or h pass$ ov] to ,mohamm$anism1 ^! trans=mations did n take place because m5 9 p[] compell$ !m to d s 7viol5ce has1 on ! contr>y1 m frequ5tly enc\rag$ ! movem5ts 9 ! opposite direction71 b because public op9ion compell$ !m to d s2 b ! nations t 7 compell$ by =ce to accept ! fai?s ( _! conqu]ors h nev] accept$ !m4 ,! same is true 9 respect to ^? savage elem5ts :i* exi/ )9 ! societies3 x is n ! increase nor ! decrease ( ! sev]ity ( puni%m5ts1 nor ! *ange ( prisons1 nor ! increase ( ! police1 t dim9i% or increase ! numb] ( crimes1--x is *ang$ only 9 consequ5ce ( ! *ange 9 public op9ion4 ,no sev]ities h eradicat$ duels & v5dettas 9 "s c\ntries4 ,no matt] h[ mu* ! ,circassians may be puni%$ = !ft1 !y cont9ue to /eal out ( bravado1 because n "o maid5 w m>ry a man :o has n %[n 8 d>+1 by /eal+ a horse1 or at lea/ a %eep4 ,if m5 %all /op fight+ duels & ,circassians %all /op /eal+1 ?is w n be s because !y are afraid ( puni%m5t 7! fe> ( be+ puni%$ only increases ! *>m ( ! d>+71 b because public op9ion w be *ang$4 ,! same is true 9 all o!r crimes4 ,viol5ce c nev] de/roy :at is accept$ by public op9ion4 ,on ! contr>y1 public op9ion ne$ only be diametrically oppos$ to viol5ce to de/roy its e action1 z has always be5 ! case ) e m>tyrdom4 ,we d n "k :at w\ld happ5 if no viol5ce 7 ex]t$ aga9/ ho/ile nations & crim9al elem5ts ( society4 ,b t ! employm5t ( viol5ce at ! pres5t "t does n subjugate ei!r ( !m1 t we "k f protract$ exp]i5ce4 ,inde$1 h[ c we subjugate by =ce ! nations ^: :ole education1 all ^: traditions1 ev5 religi\s tea*+1 leads !m to see ! highe/ virtue 9 a /ruggle ) _! enslav]s & 9 /riv+ aft] lib]ty8 ,& h[ are we =cibly to eradicate crimes 9 ! mid/ ( our societies1 :5 :at by ! gov]nm5ts are consid]$ to be crimes are consid]$ to be virtues by public op9ion4 ,x is possible by means ( viol5ce to de/roy su* nations & su* m51 z is inde$ done1 b x is impossible to subjugate !m4 ,! judge ( ev]y?+1 ! fundam5tal =ce :i* moves m5 & nations1 has always be5 ! "o invisible1 impalpable =ce1--! resultant ( all ! spiritual =ces ( a c]ta9 aggregate ( m5 & ( all humanity1 :i* is express$ 9 public op9ion4 ,viol5ce only weak5s ?is =ce1 ret>ds1 & di/orts x1 & puts 9 its place ano!r activity1 :i* is n only n useful1 b ev5 h>mful = ! =w>d movem5t ( humanity4 ,to subjugate to ,*ri/ianity all ! wild p outside ! ,*ri/ian _w1--all ! ,zulus1 ,man*urians1 & ,*9ese1 :om _m consid] to be wild1--& ! savages )9 ! ,*ri/ian _w1 !re is "o1 only "o means1--! dissem9ation among ^! nations ( a ,*ri/ian public op9ion1 :i* is e/abli%$ only ?r\gh a ,*ri/ian life1 ,*ri/ian acts1 ,*ri/ian examples4 ,& s 9 ord] to conqu] ! nations :i* h rema9$ unconqu]$ by ,*ri/ianity1 ! m5 ( our "t1 :o possess "o1 & only "o1 means = ?is purpose1 d precisely ! opposite ( :at might atta9 _! end4 ,to conqu] to ,*ri/ianity ! wild nations1 :o d n t\* u & :o d n 9 any way provoke u to oppress !m1 we--in/ead ( leav+ !m fir/ ( all alone1 &1 9 case ( necessity or ( a wi% to get 9 clos] relations ) !m1 act+ ^u !m only ?r\gh a ,*ri/ian relation to !m1 ?r\gh ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ z prov$ by truly ,*ri/ian acts ( suff]+1 humility1 ab/95ce1 purity1 bro!rhood1 love--beg9 by ?is1 t we op5 among !m new m>kets = our comm]ce1 ) no?+ b our advantage 9 view1 seize _! l&1 t is1 rob !m1 sell !m w9e1 tobacco1 opium1 t is1 corrupt !m1 & e/abli% among !m our ord]1 tea* !m viol5ce & all its me?ods1 t is1 ! foll[+ ( no?+ b ! animal law ( /ruggle1 bel[ :i* no man c desc5d1 & we d ev]y?+ :i* c be done 9 ord] to conceal f !m :atev] ( ,*ri/ianity !re is 9 u4 ,& aft] t we s5d to !m ab\t two doz5 mission>ies1 :o prattle "s hypocritical ecclesia/ic absurdities &1 9 ! %ape ( incontrov]tible pro(s ( ! impossibility ( apply+ ! ,*ri/ian tru?s to life1 adduce ^! our exp]im5ts at ! ,*ri/ianization ( ! savages4 ,! same is true ( ! s-call$ crim9als1 :o live )9 our societies4 ,to subjugate ^! m5 to ,*ri/ianity1 !re is b "o1 ! only way1--! ,*ri/ian public op9ion1 :i* c be e/abli%$ among ^! m5 only by means ( ! true ,*ri/ian tea*+1 confirm$ by a true1 ,*ri/ian example ( life4 ,& s1 to prea* ?is ,*ri/ian tea*+ & confirm x by a ,*ri/ian example1 we e/abli% among ^! p agoniz+ prisons1 guillot9es1 gall[s1 capital puni%m5ts1 prep>ations = murd]1 = :i* we use all our /r5g?2 we e/abli% = ! common p idolatr\s doctr9es1 :i* are to /upefy !m2 we e/abli% ! gov]nm5tal sale ( intoxicants1--w9e1 tobacco1 opium2 we e/abli% ev5 pro/itution2 we give ! l& to ^? :o d n ne$ x2 we e/abli% spectacles ( s5seless luxury amid/ wret*$ness2 we de/roy e possibility ( e semblance ( a ,*ri/ian public op9ion2 we cauti\sly de/roy ! e/abli%$ ,*ri/ian public op9ion1--& !n we quote ^! v m51 :o h c>efully be5 corrupt$ by ourselves1 & :om we lock up1 l wild bea/s1 9 places f :i* !y _c get away1 & 9 :i* !y gr[ m be/ial /ill1 or :om we kill1 z examples ( ! impossibility ( act+ ^u !m o!rwise ?an ?r\gh viol5ce4 ,:at takes place is l :at happ5s :5 consci5ti\s ignorant physicians place a pati5t :o has be5 cur$ by ! =ce ( ,nature "u mo/ unhygi5ic conditions & /uff him full ( poison\s m$ic9es1 & !n claim t x 0 only ?anks to _! hygi5e & c>e t ! pati5t did n die1 :]eas ! sick man w\ld h be5 well long ago1 if !y _h left him alone4 ,viol5ce1 :i* is put =? z ! in/rum5t = ma9ta9+ ! ,*ri/ian /ructure ( life1 n only does n produce ?is effect1 b1 on ! contr>y1 prev5ts ! social /ructure f be+ :at x c\ld & %\ld be4 ,! social /ructure is su* z x is1 n ?anks to viol5ce1 b 9 spite ( x4 ,& s !re is no tru? 9 ! ass]tion ( ! def5d]s ( ! exi/+ ord]1 t1 if viol5ce b>ely keeps ! evil non-,*ri/ian elem5ts ( humanity f attack+ u1 ! abolition ( viol5ce & ! sub/itution ( public op9ion = x w n protect humanity4 ,x is n true1 because viol5ce does n protect humanity1 b1 on ! contr>y1 deprives humanity ( ! "o possibility ( a true protection ?r\gh ! e/abli%m5t & diffusion ( ! ,*ri/ian public op9ion z reg>ds ! exi/+ ord] ( life4 ,only ) ! abolition ( viol5ce w ,*ri/ian public op9ion cease to be corrupt1 & receive ! possibility ( an unimp$$ diffusion1 & m5 w n direct _! /r5g? t[>d :at !y d n ne$1 b t[>d ! "o spiritual =ce :i* moves !m4 ,b h[ c we reject ! visible1 palpable protection ( ! policeman ) 8 revolv]1 & dep5d on some?+ invisible1 impalpable1--! public op9ion8 ,does x /ill exi/1 or n8 ,above all else1 we "k ! ord] ( ?+s 9 :i* we live4 ,be x good or bad1 we "k its defects & are us$ to x2 we "k h[ to act1 :at to d "u pres5t conditions2 b :at w happ5 :5 we reject !m & dep5d on some?+ invisible1 impalpable1 & entirely unkn[n8 ,& ! unc]ta9ty ^u :i* m5 ent]1 :5 reject+ ! kn[n ord] ( ?+s1 seems t]rible to !m4 ,x is all v well to be afraid ( ! unc]ta9ty1 :5 our position is firm & secure2 b our position is n only n secure1--we "k = c]ta9 t we are /&+ on ! br9k ( p]dition4 ,if we h to be afraid ( some?+1 let u be afraid ( :at is really t]rible1 & n ( :at we only imag9e to be t]rible4 ,9 our fe> to make an ef=t to te> ourselves away f ! conditions :i* ru9 u1 only because ! future is n q c]ta9 to u1 we resemble ! pass5g]s ( a s9k+ %ip1 :o1 = fe> ( /epp+ into a boat :i* is to take !m to ! %ore1 retreat to _! cab9s & refuse to come out f !m2 or ^? %eep :i*1 out ( fe> ( ! fire :i* has envelop$ ! :ole y>d1 press close "u ! p5?\ses & d n walk ?r\gh ! op5 gates4 ,h[ c we1 :o are /&+ on ! ?re%old ( a w> ( inn] revolutions1 :i* is t]rify+ by its wret*$ness & de/ructiv5ess1 & 9 comp>ison ) :i*1 z ^? :o are prep>+ x say1 ! t]rors ( ! ye> '#ic w be play1 speak ( a dang] :i* is ?reat5$ u by ! ,dahomeans1 ! ,zulus1 etc41 :o live f>1 f> away1 & d n ?9k ( attack+ u1 & by ^? few ?\s&s ( robb]s1 ?ieves1 & murd]]s1 :om we ourselves h /upefi$ & corrupt$1 & ^: numb] is n at all dim9i%+ z ! result ( all our c\rts1 prisons1 & capital puni%m5ts8 ,besides1 ?is fe> ( ! abolition ( ! visible protection ( ! policeman is prem95tly a fe> ( city p1 t is1 ( p :o live "u abnormal & artificial conditions4 ,m5 :o live "u normal conditions ( life1 n amid/ cities1 b amid/ ,nature1 /ruggl+ ) x1 live )\t ?is protection & "k h[ little viol5ce c protect !m aga9/ ! actual dang]s ) :i* !y are surr\nd$4 ,9 ?is fe> !re is some?+ morbid1 :i* dep5ds ma9ly on ^? false conditions "u :i* _m ( u live & h gr[n up4 ,an ali5i/ told me h[ "o summ] day he 0 accompani$ by 8 insane pati5ts z f> z ! gate ( ! hospital :i* he 0 leav+4 ,come ) me to ! city1 ! doctor propos$ to !m4 ,! pati5ts agre$ to x1 & a small cr[d foll[$ ! doctor4 ,b ! f>!r !y proce$$ along ! /reet1 :]e took place ! free motion ( s\nd m51 ! m did !y feel timid1 & ! m did !y press close to ! doctor1 ret>d+ 8 walk4 ,f9ally1 !y all began to ask him to take !m back to ! hospital1 to _! s5seless1 b habitual mode ( life1 to _! gu>ds1 _! bl[s1 _! long sleeves1 _! solit>y cells4 ,ev5 ?us m5 press close & hank] aft] _! s5seless /ructure ( life1 _! factories1 c\rts1 prisons1 capital puni%m5ts1 w>s1 ?\gh ,*ri/ianity calls !m to fre$om1 to ! free1 rational life ( ! future1 ! imm95t age4 ,m5 say1 ,by :at %all we be made secure1 :5 ! exi/+ ord] is de/roy$8 ,:at w ! new ord]s be :i* w take ! place ( ^? ( ! pres5t "t1 & 9 :at w !y consi/8 ,s long z we d n "k h[ our life w be compos$1 we %all n move on or budge f our place4 ,?is dem& is :at ! explor] ( new c\ntries might put =?1 9 dem&+ a detail$ description ( ! c\ntry into :i* he is ent]+4 ,if ! life ( ! individual man1 9 pass+ f "o age to ano!r1 7 fully kn[n to him1 he w\ld h no reason = liv+4 ,! same is true ( ! life ( humanity3 if x _h a programme ( ! life :i* awaits x z x ent]s ^u its new age1 ?is w\ld be ! sure/ symptom t x is n liv+1 does n move on1 b is :irl+ ab\t 9 "o spot4 ,! conditions ( ! new /ructure ( life _c be kn[n to u1 because !y h to be work$ out by ourselves4 ,9 ?is alone does life consi/1 namely1 9 recogniz+ ! unkn[n & con=m+ our activity to ?is new cognition4 ,9 ?is does ! life ( e individual & ! life ( human societies & ( humanity consi/4 ,,xi4 ,! condition ( ,*ri/ian humanity1 ) its prisons1 h>d lab\r1 gall[s1 ) its factories1 accumulations ( capital1 ) its taxes1 *ur*es1 saloons1 h\ses ( ill fame1 ev] gr[+ armam5ts1 & millions ( /upefi$ m51 :o are ready1 l *a9$ dogs1 to ?ru/ !mselves ^u ^? ! ma/]s may set !m on1 w\ld be t]rible if x 7 ! product ( viol5ce1 :]eas x is above all ! product ( public op9ion4 ,b :at is e/abli%$ by public op9ion n only c be1 b actually is1 de/roy$ by x4 ,hundr$s ( millions 9 money1 t5s ( millions ( discipl9$ m51 implem5ts ( de/ruction ( wond]ful p[]1 ) an organization :i* ( late has be5 c>ri$ to ! highe/ degree ( p]fection1 ) a :ole army ( m5 ^: call+ x is to deceive & hypnotize ! masses1 & all ?is1 by means ( electricity1 :i* annihilates space1 subject$ to m51 :o n only consid] su* a /ructure ( society to be advantage\s = !m1 b ev5 su* t )\t x !y w\ld inevitably p]i%1 & :o1 !re=e1 use e ef=t ( _! m9ds 9 ord] to ma9ta9 x1--:at an inv9cible =ce1 "o w\ld ?9k6 ,& yet1 "o ne$s b get a conception ( :at x all t5ds to & :at no "o c keep back1--t among m5 !re w be e/abli%$ a ,*ri/ian public op9ion1 ) ! same =ce & univ]sality z ! pagan public op9ion1 & t x w take ! place ( ! pagan "o1 t ! majority ( m5 w be j z a%am$ ( all p>ticipation 9 viol5ce & its exploitation z m5 are n[ a%am$ ( rascality1 /eal+1 begg>y1 c[>dice1 & imm$iately ?is complex & app>5tly p[]ful /ructure ( life falls ( its own accord1 )\t any /ruggle4 ,x is n necess>y = any?+ new to ent] into ! consci\sness ( m51 b only = ! mi/ to disappe>1 :i* conceals f m5 ! true mean+ ( "s acts ( viol5ce1 9 ord] t ?is may happ5 & ! gr[+ ,*ri/ian public op9ion %\ld get ! bett] ( ! obsolesc5t pagan public op9ion1 :i* admitt$ & ju/ifi$ acts ( viol5ce4 ,all t is ne$$ is t m5 %\ld feel z mu* a%am$ ( do+ acts ( viol5ce1 ( tak+ "p 9 !m1 & exploit+ !m1 z x is n[ a disgrace to pass = a rascal1 a ?ief1 a c[>d1 a begg>4 ,& x is precisely ?is t is beg9n+ to happ54 ,we d n notice x1 j z m5 d n notice any motion1 :5 !y move toge!r ) ev]y?+ surr\nd+ !m4 ,x is true1 ! /ructure ( life 9 its ma9 features rema9s z viol5t 9 nature z x 0 "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 & n only ! same1 b 9 "s relations1 especially 9 ! prep>ations = w> & 9 ! w>s !mselves1 x appe>s to be ev5 m cruel2 b ! g]m9at+ ,*ri/ian public op9ion1 :i* at a c]ta9 /age ( its developm5t is to *ange ! :ole pagan /ructure ( life1 is beg9n+ to be active4 ,! dri$-up tree /&s app>5tly z firm z be=e1--x ev5 looks firm]1 because x is r\gh]1--b x is already weak5$ at ! pi? & is gett+ ready to fall4 ,! same is true ( ! pres5t /ructure ( life1 :i* is bas$ on viol5ce4 ,! ext]nal condition ( m5 is ! same3 "s are ! violators1 z be=e1 & o!rs are ! violat$2 b ! view ( ! violators & ! violat$ ^u ! mean+ & wor? ( ! position ( ei!r has *ang$4 ,! violat+ p1 t is1 ^? :o take "p 9 ! gov]nm5t1 & ^? :o make use ( ! viol5ce1 t is1 ! ri*1 no long] repres5t1 z =m]ly1 ! fl[] ( society & ! ideal ( human well-be+ & gr&eur1 t[>d :i* all ! violat$ us$ to /rive4 ,n[ v frequ5tly x is n s mu* ! violat$ :o /rive aft] ! position ( ! violators & try to imitate !m1 z ! violators1 :o frequ5tly ( _! own free w r5\nce ! advantages ( _! position1 *oose ! condition ( ! violat$1 & try 9 simplicity ( life to emulate ! violat$4 ,to say no?+ ( ! n[ op5ly despis$ occupations & (fices1 su* z ^? ( spies1 ag5ts ( secret police1 usur]s1 saloon-keep]s1 a l>ge numb] ( occupations ( violators1 :i* =m]ly us$ to be consid]$ respectable1 su* z ^? ( policem51 c\rti]s1 memb]s ( c\rts1 ! adm9i/ration1 ! cl]gy1 ! milit>y1 monopoli/s1 bank]s1 n only are n consid]$ by all to be desirable1 b are ev5 condemn$ by a c]ta9 mo/ respectable circle ( m54 ,!re are n[ m5 :o volunt>ily r5\nce ^! positions1 :i* h]et(ore 7 consid]$ to be above reproa*1 & :o pref] less advantage\s positions1 :i* are n connect$ ) viol5ce4 ,x is n only m5 ( ! /ate1 b also ri* m51 :o1 n f a religi\s feel+1 z us$ to be ! case1 b only f a peculi> s5sitiv5ess = ! g]m9at+ public op9ion1 refuse to receive _! inh]it$ =tunes1 consid]+ x j to use only s mu* z !y e>n by _! own lab\r4 ,! conditions ( ! p>ticipant 9 ! gov]nm5t & ( ! ri* man no long] pres5t !mselves1 z !y pres5t$ !mselves =m]ly & ev5 n[ pres5t !mselves among ! non-,*ri/ian nations1 z unque/ionably hon\rable & wor?y ( respect & z div9e bless+s4 ,v s5sitive1 moral m5 7!y are = ! mo/ "p ! mo/ highly cultur$7 avoid ^! conditions & pref] m mode/ ones1 :i* are indep5d5t ( viol5ce4 ,! be/ "y m51 at an age :5 !y are n yet corrupt$ by life & :5 !y *oose a c>e]1 pref] ! activities ( physicians1 te*nologi/s1 tea*]s1 arti/s1 writ]s1 ev5 simply ( agriculturi/s1 :o live by _! own lab\r1 to positions 9 c\rts1 9 ! adm9i/ration1 9 ! *ur*1 & 9 ! army1 :i* are paid by ! gov]nm5t1 or ! positions ( m5 :o live on _! own incomes4 ,! majority ( monum5ts :i* are n[ erect$ are no long] 9 commemoration ( m5 ( /ate1 ( g5]als1 & less c]ta9ly n ( ! ri*1 b ( ! le>n$1 ( arti/s1 ( inv5tors1 ( m5 :o h n only _h no?+ 9 common ) ! gov]nm5ts1 or ) ! au?orities1 b :o frequ5tly h /ruggl$ aga9/ !m4 ,x is n s mu* m5 ( /ate & ri* m51 z le>n$ m5 & arti/s1 :o are extoll$ 9 poetry1 repres5t$ 9 pla/ic art1 & hon\r$ ) fe/ive jubilees4 ,! be/ m5 ( our "t t5d t[>d ^! mo/ hon\r$ positions1 & s ! circle f :i* ! m5 ( /ate & ! ri* come is gr[+ small] & small]1 s t 9 intellect1 culture1 & especially 9 moral qualities1 ! m5 :o n[ /& at ! head ( gov]nm5ts1 & ! ri* no long] repres5t1 z 9 old5 times1 ! fl[] ( society1 b1 on ! contr>y1 /& bel[ ! av]age4 ,z 9 ,russia & 9 ,turkey1 s 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,france1 no matt] h[ mu* ! gov]nm5ts may *ange _! (ficials1 ! majority ( !m are selfi% & v5al m51 :o /& on s l[ a level ( morality t !y d n satisfy ev5 ^? l[ dem&s ( simple integrity :i* ! gov]nm5ts make ^u !m4 ,we n[ frequ5tly get to he> ! nave regrets ( m5 ( /ate1 because ! be/ m5 by "s /range accid5t1 z !y ?9k1 are always 9 ! ho/ile camp4 ,x is z ?\gh m5 %\ld compla9 t by a /range accid5t x is always m5 ) little ref9em5t1 :o are n p>ticul>ly good1 t become hangm54 ,! majority ( ri* m51 simil>ly1 9 our "t are no long] compos$ ( ! mo/ ref9$ & cultur$ m5 ( society1 z us$ to be ! case1 b ( co>se accumulators ( weal?1 :o are int]e/$ only 9 _! enri*m5t1 = ! mo/ "p by di%one/ means1 or ( deg5]at+ desc5dants ( ^! accumulators1 :o n only d n play any prom95t "p 9 society1 b 9 ! majority ( cases are subject to univ]sal contempt4 ,n only is ! circle ( m51 f :i* ! s]vants ( ! gov]nm5t & ! ri* m5 are *os51 gr[+ all ! "t small] & small]1 & m & m debas$1 b ^! m5 !mselves no long] ascribe to ! positions :i* !y hold _! =m] significance1 & frequ5tly1 be+ a%am$ ( !m1 to ! disadvantage ( ! cause :i* !y s]ve1 neglect to c>ry out :at by _! position !y are call$ ^u to d4 ,k+s & emp]ors h ! managem5t ( h>dly any?+1 h>dly ev] h ! c\rage to make int]nal *anges & to ent] into new ext]nal political conditions1 b = ! mo/ "p leave ! solution ( ^! que/ions to /ate in/itutions or to public op9ion4 ,all _! duties r$uce !mselves to be+ ! repres5tatives ( /ate unity & supremacy4 ,b ev5 ?is duty !y are p]=m+ worse & worse4 ,! majority ( !m n only d n keep !mselves 9 _! =m] inaccessible gr&eur1 b1 on ! contr>y1 are becom+ m & m democratiz$1 & ev5 keep l[ company1 ?r[+ (f _! la/ ext]nal pre/ige1 t is1 violat+ precisely :at !y are call$ ^u to ma9ta94 ,! same takes place among ! milit>y4 ,! milit>y m5 ( ! high] ranks1 in/ead ( enc\rag+ ! co>s5ess & cruelty ( ! soldi]s1 :i* are necess>y = _! bus9ess1 !mselves dissem9ate culture among ! milit>y1 prea* humanit>ianism1 & frequ5tly !mselves %>e ! sociali/ic convictions ( ! masses1 & reject w>4 ,9 ! late plots aga9/ ! ,russian gov]nm5t1 _m ( ^? mix$ up ) !m 7 army m54 ,! numb] ( ^! milit>y plott]s is gr[+ l>g] & l>g]4 ,v frequ5tly x happ5s1 z 0 ! case lately1 t ! soldi]s1 :o are call$ ^u to pacify ! inhabitants1 refuse to %oot at !m4 ,milit>y bravado is directly condemn$ by army m5 !mselves1 & frequ5tly s]ves z a subject = ridicule4 ,! same is true ( judges & prosecut+ attorneys3 judges1 ^: duty x is to judge & s5t5ce crim9als1 manage ! proce$+s 9 su* a way z to dis*>ge !m1 s t ! ,russian gov]nm5t1 to h m5 s5t5c$ t x wants to h s5t5c$1 nev] subjects !m to common c\rts1 b turns !m ov] to s-call$ milit>y c\rts1 :i* repres5t b a semblance ( c\rts4 ,! same is true ( prosecut+ attorneys1 :o frequ5tly refuse to prosecute1 &1 in/ead ( prosecut+1 circumv5t ! law1 def5d+ ^? :om !y %\ld prosecute4 ,le>n$ juri/s1 :o are oblig$ to ju/ify ! viol5ce ( p[]1 m & m d5y ! "r to puni%1 & 9 its place introduce !ories ( irresponsibility1 & ev5 n ( ! correction1 b ( ! cure ( ^? :om !y call crim9als4 ,jail]s & sup]9t5d5ts ( h>d-lab\r convicts = ! mo/ "p become def5d]s ( ^? :om !y are suppos$ to torture4 ,g5d>mes & spies con/antly save ^? :om !y are suppos$ to ru94 ,cl]ical p]sons prea* tol]ation1 (t5 also ! negation ( viol5ce1 & ! m cultur$ among !m try 9 _! s]mons to avoid ! lie :i* =ms ! :ole mean+ ( _! position & :i* !y are call$ ^u to prea*4 ,execution]s refuse to c>ry out _! duties1 s t 9 ,russia capital puni%m5t c frequ5tly n be c>ri$ out = want ( execution]s1 s9ce1 9 spite ( ! advantages held out to make h>d-lab\r convicts become execution]s1 !re is an ev] decreas+ numb] ( su* z are will+ to take up ! duty4 ,gov]nors1 rural judges & (fic]s1 collectors ( taxes1 publicans1 pity+ ! p1 frequ5tly try to f9d excuses = n collect+ ! taxes f !m4 ,ri* m5 _c make up _! m9ds to use _! weal? = !mselves alone1 b di/ribute x = public purposes4 ,l&[n]s erect on _! l&s hospitals & s*ools1 & "s ( !m ev5 r5\nce ! own]%ip ( l& & transf] x to ! agriculturi/s1 or e/abli% communes on x4 ,manufactur]s build hospitals1 s*ools1 h\ses = _! workm51 & e/abli% sav+s-banks & p5sions2 "s e/abli% companies1 9 :i* !y take an equal %>e ) o!r %>ehold]s4 ,capitali/s give "p ( _! capital = public1 educational1 arti/ic1 philan?ropic in/itutions4 ,unable to "p f _! weal? dur+ _! lifetime1 _m ( !m w x away aft] _! dea? 9 fav\r ( public in/itutions4 ,all ^! ph5om5a might appe> accid5tal1 if !y did n all r$uce !mselves to "o common cause1 j z x might seem accid5tal t ! buds %\ld swell on "s ( ! trees 9 spr+1 if we did n "k t ! cause ( x is ! common spr+1 & t1 if ! buds h begun to swell on "s ( ! trees1 ! same no d\bt w happ5 ) all ( ! trees4 ,! same is true 9 ! manife/ation ( ! ,*ri/ian public op9ion z reg>ds ! significance ( viol5ce & ( :at is bas$ ^u x4 ,if ?is public op9ion is already influ5c+ "s v s5sitive m51 & causes !m1 ea* 9 8 own bus9ess1 to r5\nce ! privileges :i* viol5ce grants1 or n to use !m1 x w cont9ue to act on o!rs1 & w act until x w *ange ! :ole activity ( m5 & w br+ !m 9 agreem5t ) t ,*ri/ian consci\sness :i* is already liv+ among ! lead+ m5 ( humanity4 ,& if !re n[ are rul]s :o d n h ! c\rage to und]take any?+ 9 ! "n ( _! own p[]1 & :o try z mu* z possible to resemble1 n mon>*s1 b ! simple/ mortals1 & :o %[ _! read9ess to r5\nce _! pr]ogatives & to become ! fir/ citiz5s ( _! republics2 & if !re are n[ army m5 :o und]/& all ! evil & s9fulness ( w> & d n wi% to %oot at m5 belong+ to ano!r nation1 or to _! own2 & judges & prosecut+ attorneys1 :o d n wi% to prosecute & condemn crim9als2 & cl]gym51 :o r5\nce _! lie2 & publicans1 :o try z little z possible to p]=m :at !y are call$ ^u to p]=m2 & ri* m51 :o give up _! weal?1--! same w inevitably happ5 ) o!r gov]nm5ts1 o!r army m51 o!r memb]s ( ! c\rt1 cl]gym51 publicans1 & ri* m54 ,& :5 !re %all be no m5 to hold ^! positions1 !re w be none ( ^! positions & no viol5ce4 ,b x is n by ?is road alone t public op9ion leads m5 to ! abolition ( ! exi/+ ord] & ! sub/itution ( ano!r = x4 ,9 proportion z ! positions ( viol5ce become less & less attractive1 & !re are few] & few] m5 will+ to occupy !m1 _! uselessness becomes m & m app>5t4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian _w !re are ! same rul]s & gov]nm5ts1 ! same c\rts1 ! same publicans1 ! same cl]gy1 ! same ri* m51 l&[n]s1 manufactur]s1 & capitali/s1 z be=e1 b !re is an entirely diff]5t relation ( m5 t[>d m5 & ( ! m5 !mselves t[>d _! positions4 ,x is /ill ! same rul]s1 ! same meet+s1 & *ases1 & fea/s1 & balls1 & uni=ms1 & ! same diplomats1 & talks ab\t alliances & w>s2 ! same p>liam5ts1 9 :i* !y /ill discuss ,ea/]n & ,african que/ions1 & alliances1 & brea*es ( relations1 & ,home ,rule1 & an eight-h\r day4 ,& ! m9i/ries give way to "o ano!r 9 ! same way1 & !re are ! same spee*es1 ! same incid5ts4 ,b m5 :o see h[ "o article 9 a newspap] *anges ! /ate ( affairs m ?an doz5s ( meet+s ( mon>*s & sessions ( p>liam5ts1 see m & m cle>ly t x is n ! meet+s & r5dezv\s & ! discussions 9 ! p>liam5ts t guide ! affairs ( m51 b some?+ indep5d5t ( all ?is1 :i* is n c5tr$ any:]e4 ,!re are ! same g5]als1 & (fic]s1 & soldi]s1 & guns1 & =tresses1 & p>ades1 & manuvres1 b !re has be5 no w> = a ye>1 t51 tw5ty ye>s1 &1 besides1 "o c dep5d less on ! milit>y = ! suppression ( riots1 & x is gett+ cle>] & cle>] t1 !re=e1 g5]als1 & (fic]s1 & soldi]s are only memb]s ( fe/ive processions1--objects ( amusem5t = rul]s1 l>ge1 r exp5sive corps-de-ballet4 ,!re are ! same prosecutors & judges1 & ! same proce$+s1 b x is gett+ cle>] & cle>] t1 s9ce civil cases are decid$ on ! basis ( all k9ds ( consid]ations except t ( ju/ice1 & s9ce crim9al cases h no s5se1 because puni%m5ts atta9 no purpose admitt$ ev5 by ! judges1 ^! in/itutions h no o!r significance ?an t ( s]v+ z a means = support+ m5 :o are n fit = any?+ m useful4 ,!re are ! same cl]gym51 & bi%ops1 & *ur*es1 & synods1 b x is becom+ cle>] & cle>] to all m5 t ^! m5 h long ago ceas$ to believe 9 :at !y prea*1 & t1 !re=e1 !y _c conv9ce any "o ( ! necessity ( believ+ 9 :at !y !mselves d n believe4 ,!re are ! same collectors ( taxes1 b !y are becom+ less & less capable ( tak+ away by =ce p's prop]ty1 & x is becom+ cle>] & cle>] t p c )\t collectors ( taxes collect all t is necess>y by subscrib+ x volunt>ily4 ,!re are ! same ri* m51 b x is becom+ cle>] & cle>] t !y c be useful only 9 proportion z !y cease to be p]sonal manag]s ( _! weal? & give to society all1 or at lea/ a "p1 ( _! =tunes4 ,:5 all ?is %all become completely cle> to all1 x w be natural = m5 to ask !mselves1 ,b :y %\ld we fe$ & ma9ta9 all ^! k+s1 emp]ors1 presid5ts1 & memb]s ( all k9ds ( ,*amb]s & m9i/ries1 if no?+ results f all _! meet+s & discussions8 ,w\ld x n be bett]1 z "s je/] said1 to make a que5 out ( rubb]8 ,& :at good to u are ! armies1 ) _! g5]als1 & music1 & cavalry1 & drums8 ,:at good are !y :5 !re is no w> & no "o wants to conqu] any "o1 & :51 ev5 if !re is a w>1 ! o!r nations d n let u pr(it f x1 & ! troops refuse to %oot at _! own p8 ,& :at good are judges & prosecutors :o 9 civil cases d n decide accord+ to ju/ice & 9 crim9al cases "k !mselves t all puni%m5ts are useless8 ,& ( :at use are collectors ( taxes :o unwill+ly collect ! taxes1 :ile :at is ne$$ is collect$ )\t !m8 ,& ( :at use is ! cl]gy1 :i* has long ago ceas$ to believe 9 :at x prea*es8 ,& ( :at use is capital 9 private h&s1 :5 x c be ( use only by becom+ ! common possession8 ,& hav+ once ask$ !mselves ?is1 p _c help b come to ! conclusion t !y ought n to support all ^! useless in/itutions4 ,b n only w ! m5 :o support ^! in/itutions arrive at ! necessity ( aboli%+ !m1--! m5 !mselves :o occupy ^! positions w simultane\sly or ev5 e>li] be br\ght to ! necessity ( giv+ up _! positions4 ,public op9ion m & m condemns viol5ce1 & s m51 m & m submitt+ to public op9ion1 are less & less desir\s ( hold+ _! positions1 :i* are ma9ta9$ by viol5ce1 & ^? :o hold ^! positions are less & less able to make use ( viol5ce4 ,b by n us+ viol5ce1 & yet rema9+ 9 positions :i* are condition$ by viol5ce1 ! m5 :o occupy ^! positions become m & m useless4 ,& ?is uselessness1 :i* is m & m felt by ^? :o ma9ta9 ^! positions & by ^? :o hold !m1 w f9ally be su* t !re w be f\nd no m5 to ma9ta9 !m & none :o w\ld be will+ to hold !m4 ,once ,i 0 pres5t 9 ,mosc[ at "s discussions ab\t fai?1 :i*1 z usual1 took place dur+ ,quasimodo week ne> a *ur* 9 ,hunt]'s ,r[4 ,ab\t tw5ty m5 7 ga!r$ on ! sidewalk1 & a s]i\s discussion on religion 0 go+ on4 ,at ! same "t !re 0 "s k9d ( a conc]t 9 ! adjo9+ build+ ( ! ,assembly ( ,noblem51 & an (fic] ( police1 notic+ a cr[d ( p ga!r$ ne> ! *ur*1 s5t a m\nt$ g5d>me to ord] !m to disp]se4 ,! (fic] _h p]sonally no desire t !y %\ld disp]se4 ,! cr[d ( tw5ty m5 7 9 nobody's way1 b ! (fic] _h be5 /&+ !re ! :ole morn+1 & he _h to d some?+4 ,! g5d>me1 a "y lad1 ) 8 "r arm jauntily akimbo & clatt]+ sword1 rode up to u & %\t$ comm&+ly1 ,scatt]6 ,:at are y do+ !re8 ,ev]ybody look$ at ! g5d>me1 & "o ( ! speak]s1 a mode/ man 9 a long coat1 said calmly & k9dly3 ,we are talk+ ab\t some?+ important1 & !re is no reason :y we %\ld scatt]4 ,"y man1 y _h bett] get d[n & li/5 to :at we are talk+ ab\t1--x w d y good1 & turn+ away1 he cont9u$ 8 disc\rse4 ,! g5d>me made no reply1 :eel$ 8 horse ar\nd1 & rode (f4 ,! same ?+ mu/ happ5 9 all matt]s ( viol5ce4 ,! (fic] feels ennui1 he has no?+ to d2 ! poor fell[ is plac$ 9 a position :]e he mu/ comm&4 ,he is depriv$ ( all human life1 & all he c d is to look & comm&1 to comm& & look1 ?\gh 8 comm&s & 8 wat*+ are ( no e>?ly use4 ,9 su* a condition all ^? un=tunate rul]s1 m9i/]s1 memb]s ( p>liam5ts1 gov]nors1 g5]als1 (fic]s1 bi%ops1 cl]gym51 ev5 ri* m5 are n[ p>tly & soon w be completely4 ,!y c d no?+ else b comm&1 & !y comm& & s5d _! mess5g]s1 z ! (fic] s5ds 8 g5d>me1 to be 9 p's way1 & s9ce ! p :om !y tr\ble turn to !m ) ! reque/ t !y be left alone1 !y imag9e t !y are indisp5sable4 ,b ! "t is com+1 & w soon be "h1 :5 x %all be q cle> = all m5 t !y are n any good & are only 9 ! way ( p1 & ! p :om !y bo!r w say to !m k9dly & meekly1 z t man 9 ! long ov]coat1 ,please1 d n bo!r u4 ,& all ! mess5g]s & s5d]s w h to foll[ t good advice1 t is1 /op rid+ ) arms akimbo among ! p1 bo!r+ !m1 & get d[n f _! hobbies1 take (f _! attire1 li/5 to :at p h to say1 &1 jo9+ !m1 take hold ) !m ( ! true human "w4 ,! "t is com+1 & w inevitably come1 :5 all ! in/itutions ( viol5ce ( our "t w be de/roy$ 9 consequ5ce ( _! too obvi\s uselessness1 sill9ess1 & ev5 indec5cy4 ,! "t mu/ come1 :5 ) ! m5 ( our _w1 :o hold positions t are giv5 by viol5ce1 w happ5 :at happ5$ ) ! k+ 9 ,&]s5's fable1 ,! ,new ,royal ,g>m5t1 :5 a small *ild1 see+ ! nak$ k+1 navely call$ out1 ,behold1 he is nak$6 & all ^? :o _h se5 x be=e1 b _h n express$ x1 c\ld no long] conceal x4 ,! po9t ( ! fable is ?is1 t to ! k+1 a lov] ( new g>m5ts1 !re come "s tailors :o promise to make him an extraord9>y g>m5t4 ,! k+ hires ! tailors1 & !y beg9 to sew1 hav+ in=m$ him t ! peculi>ity ( _! g>m5t is ?is1 t he :o is useless 9 8 (fice _c see ! g>m5ts4 ,! c\rti]s come to see ! "w ( ! tailors1 b !y see no?+1 z ! tailors /ick _! ne$les into empty space4 ,b1 m9dful ( ! condition1 all ! c\rti]s say t !y see ! g>m5t1 & !y praise x4 ,! k+ does ! same4 ,! "t arrives = ! procession1 :5 ! k+ is to appe> 9 8 new g>m5t4 ,! k+ undresses himself & puts on 8 new g>m5ts1 t is1 he rema9s nak$1 & goes nak$ ?r\gh ! city4 ,b1 m9dful ( ! condition1 no "o d>es to say t !re are no g>m5ts1 until a small *ild calls out1 ,behold1 he is nak$6 ,! same ?+ mu/ happ5 ) all ^? :o f in]tia hold (fices :i* h long ago become useless1 :5 ! fir/ man :o is n int]e/$ 7z ! prov]b has x1 ,"o h& wa%es ! o!r71 9 conceal+ ! uselessness ( ^! in/itutions1 w po9t out _! uselessness & w navely call out1 ,b1 good p1 !y h long ago ceas$ to be good = any?+4 ,! condition ( ,*ri/ian humanity1 ) its =tresses1 guns1 dynamite1 cannon1 torp$oes1 prisons1 gall[s1 *ur*es1 factories1 cu/om-h\ses1 palaces1 is inde$ t]rible2 b nei!r =tresses1 nor cannon1 nor guns %oot !mselves at any "o1 prisons d n !mselves lock any "o up1 ! gall[s does n hang any "o1 ! *ur*es d n ( !mselves deceive any "o1 ! cu/om-h\ses hold no "o back1 palaces & factories d n erect & ma9ta9 !mselves1 b ev]y?+ is done by m54 ,b :5 m5 und]/& t ?is ought n to be done1 !re w be none ( ^! ?+s4 ,m5 are already beg9n+ to und]/& ?is4 ,if n all m5 und]/& x z yet1 ! lead]s among m5 d1 ^? aft] :om foll[ all o!r m54 ,& :at ! lead]s h once come to und]/&1 !y c nev] /op und]/&+1 & :at ! lead]s h come to und]/&1 all o!r m5 n only c1 b inevitably mu/ und]/&4 ,?us ! pr$iction t ! "t w come :5 all m5 %all be in/ruct$ by ,god1 %all /op w>r+1 %all =ge ! swords into pl\gh%>es & ! spe>s into prun+-hooks1 t is1 translat+ into our language1 :5 all ! prisons1 =tresses1 b>racks1 palaces1 *ur*es1 %all rema9 empty1 & all ! gall[s1 guns1 cannon1 %all rema9 unus$1 is no long] a dream1 b a def9ite1 new =m ( life1 t[>d :i* humanity is mov+ ) ev] increas+ rapidity4 ,b :5 %all ?is be8 ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago ,*ri/ answ]$ ?is "q by say+ t ! end ( ! pres5t _w1 t is1 ( ! pagan /ructure ( ! _w1 w\ld come :5 ! calamities ( m5 %\ld be increas$ to _! f>!/ limit & at ! same "t ! gospel ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 t is1 ! possibility ( a new1 viol5celess /ructure ( ! _w1 %\ld be prea*$ 9 all ! _w 7,matt4 xxiv4 #c-bh74 ,b ( t day & h\r kn[e? no man1 b my ,fa!r only 7,matt4 xxiv4 #cf71 is :at ,*ri/ says1 = x may come any "t1 at any mom5t1 ev5 :5 we d n expect x4 ,9 reply to ! "q :5 ?is h\r %all arrive1 ,*ri/ says t we _c "k x2 b = ! v reason t we d n "k ! "t ( its com+1 we %\ld n only be at all times prep>$ to meet x1 z mu/ be ! goodman wat*+ ! h\se1 & ! virg9s ) _! lamps go+ =? to meet ! bridegroom1 b also we %\ld "w ) all our /r5g? = ! com+ ( t h\r1 z ! s]vants _h to "w = ! tal5ts giv5 to !m 7,matt4 xxiv4 #dc2 xxv4 #a-cj74 ,9 reply to ! "q :5 ?is h\r %\ld come1 ,*ri/ admoni%$ all m5 to "w ) all _! /r5g? = its quick] com+4 ,!re c be no o!r answ]4 ,p c n[ise "k :5 ! day & ! h\r ( ! k+dom ( ,god %all arrive1 because ! com+ ( t h\r dep5ds on no "o b ! m5 !mselves4 ,! answ] is ! same z t ( ! sage1 :o 9 reply to ! "q ( a pass]-by1 h[ f> x 0 to ! city1 answ]$1 ,g4 ,h[ c we "k h[ f> x is to ! goal t[>d :i* humanity is mov+1 s9ce we d n "k h[ humanity1 on :om x dep5ds :e!r to g or n1 to /op1 to temp] ! motion1 or to accel]ate x1 w move t[>d t goal8 ,all we c "k is1 :at we1 :o compose humanity1 mu/ d1 & :at n1 9 ord] t ! k+dom ( ,god may come4 ,t we all "k4 ,& e "o ne$ b beg9 to d :at we mu/ d1 & /op do+ :at we mu/ n d2 e "o ( u ne$ only live by all t light :i* is )9 u1 9 ord] t ! promis$ k+dom ( ,god1 t[>d :i* ! he>t ( e man is drawn1 may come at once4 ,,xii4 ,,conclusion #a ,i _h end$ ?is two ye>s' lab\r1 :51 on ! n9? ( ,septemb]1 ,i happ5$ to travel on a tra9 to a locality 9 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,tla & ,ryazn1 :]e ! peasants _h be5 />v+ ! ye> be=e1 & 7 />v+ /ill m 9 ! pres5t ye>4 ,at "o ( ! /ations ! tra9 9 :i* ,i 0 travell+ met a special tra9 :i*1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ! gov]nor1 0 transport+ troops ) guns1 c>tridges1 & rods = ! torture & kill+ ( ^? v fam9e-/rick5 peasants4 ,! tortur+ ( ! peasants ) rods = ! purpose ( en=c+ ! decision ( ! au?orities1 al?\gh corporal puni%m5t 0 aboli%$ by law ?irty ye>s ago1 has ( late be5 appli$ m & m freely 9 ,russia4 ,i _h he>d ( x1 _h ev5 read 9 newspap]s ( ! t]rible tortures ( :i* ! ,gov]nor ( ,nzhni-,nvgorod1 ,b>nov1 is said to h boa/$1 ( ! tortures :i* _h tak5 place 9 ,*]ngov1 ,tambv1 ,s>tov1 ,a/rakhn1 ,orl1 b n once _h ,i _h a *ance to see m5 9 ! process ( execut+ ^! de$s4 ,"h ,i saw ) my own eyes good ,russians1 m5 :o are p]meat$ ) ! ,*ri/ian _s1 travell+ ) guns & rods1 to kill & torture _! />v+ bro!rs4 ,! cause t br\ght !m out 0 ! foll[+3 ,9 "o ( ! e/ates ( a weal?y l&[n] ! peasants _h rais$ a =e/ on a pa/ure :i* !y own$ 9 common ) ! proprietor 7_h rais$1 t is1 _h wat*$ x dur+ its gr[?71 & _h always made use ( x1 & s reg>d$ ?is =e/ z _! own1 at lea/ z a common possession2 b ! proprietor1 appropriat+ to himself ?is =e/1 began to cut x d[n4 ,! peasants h&$ 9 a compla9t4 ,! judge ( ! fir/ in/ance irregul>ly 7,i say irregul>ly1 us+ ! ^w employ$ by ! prosecut+ attorney & ! gov]nor1 m5 :o ought to "k ! case7 decid$ ! case 9 fav\r ( ! proprietor4 ,all ! high] c\rts1 among !m ! s5ate1 ?\gh !y c\ld see t ! case _h be5 decid$ irregul>ly1 confirm$ ! decision1 & ! =e/ 0 adjudg$ to ! proprietor4 ,! proprietor began to cut d[n ! =e/1 b ! peasants1 unable to believe t su* an obvi\s inju/ice c\ld be done !m by a high] c\rt1 did n submit to ! decree1 & drove away ! workm5 :o 7 s5t to cut d[n ! =e/1 decl>+ t ! =e/ belong$ to !m1 & t !y w\ld petition ! ,ts>1 b w\ld n all[ ! proprietor to cut d[n ! =e/4 ,! case 0 report$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 :5ce ! gov]nor 0 ord]$ to en=ce ! decree ( ! c\rt4 ,! gov]nor ask$ = troops1 & n[ ! soldi]s1 arm$ ) bayonets1 ball-c>tridges1 &1 besides1 a supply ( rods1 purposely prep>$ = ?is occasion & c>ri$ 9 a sep>ate c>1 7 travell+ to en=ce ?is decree ( ! high] au?orities4 ,! en=cem5t ( ! decree ( ! high] au?orities is accompli%$ by means ( kill+1 ( tortur+ m51 or by means ( a ?reat ( do+ "o or ! o!r1 accord+ z to :e!r any opposition is %[n or n4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 if ! peasants %[ any opposition1 ! foll[+ takes place 9 ,russia 7! same ?+s happ5 :]ev] !re are a /ate /ructure & prop]ty rights73 ! *ief makes a spee* & dem&s submission4 ,! excit$ cr[d1 g5]ally deceiv$ by its lead]s1 does n und]/& a ^w t ! repres5tative ( ! p[] says 9 (ficial book language1 & cont9ues to be agitat$4 ,!n ! *ief decl>es t if !y d n submit & disp]se1 he w be compell$ to h rec\rse to arms4 ,if ! cr[d does n submit ev5 !n1 ! *ief comm&s 8 m5 to load _! guns & %oot above ! heads ( ! cr[d4 ,if ! cr[d does n disp]se ev5 !n1 he comm&s ! soldi]s to %oot /raight into ! cr[d1 at haphaz>d1 & ! soldi]s %oot1 & 9 ! /reet fall w\nd$ & kill$ m51 & !n ! cr[d g5]ally runs away1 & ! troops at ! comm& ( ! *iefs seize ^? :o pres5t !mselves to !m z ! ma9 riot]s1 & lead !m away "u gu>d4 ,aft] t !y pick up ! blood-/a9$1 dy+1 maim$1 kill$1 & w\nd$ m51 frequ5tly also wom5 & *ildr52 ! dead are buri$1 & ! maim$ are s5t to ! hospital4 ,b ^? :o are consid]$ to be ! plott]s are tak5 to ! city & tri$ by a special milit>y c\rt4 ,if on _! "p !re 0 any viol5ce1 !y are s5t5c$ to be hang$4 ,!n !y put up a gall[s & ) ! help ( ropes *oke to dea? a few def5celess p1 z has _m times be5 done 9 ,russia & z is be+ done1 & mu/ be done :]e ! public /ructure is bas$ on viol5ce4 ,?us !y d 9 case ( opposition4 ,9 ! second case1 :5 ! peasants submit1 !re takes place some?+ special & peculi>ly ,russian4 ,:at happ5s is ?is3 ! gov]nor arrives at ! place ( action1 makes a spee* to ! p1 rebuk+ !m = _! disob$i5ce1 & ei!r /ations troops 9 ! f>ms ( ! village1 :]e ! soldi]s1 qu>t]+ at times z mu* z a mon? at a "t1 ru9 ! peasants1 or1 satisfi$ ) ?reat5+ !m1 graci\sly p>dons ! p & returns home1 or1 :i* happ5s m frequ5tly ?an any?+ else1 ann\nces to !m t ! in/igators ought to be puni%$1 & arbitr>ily1 )\t trial1 selects a c]ta9 numb] ( m51 :o are decl>$ to be ! in/igators & 9 8 pres5ce are subject$ to tortures4 ,9 ord] to give an idea z to h[ ^! ?+s are done1 ,i w describe an affair :i* took place at ,orl & receiv$ ! approval ( ! high] au?orities4 ,:at happ5$ 9 ,orl 0 ?is3 j z "h1 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,tla1 a proprietor want$ to take away "s prop]ty f c]ta9 peasants1 & ! peasants oppos$ him1 j z !y did "h4 ,! po9t 0 t ! l&$ proprietor want$ )\t ! cons5t ( ! peasants to keep ! wat] 9 8 mill-pond at s high a level t _! fields 7 inundat$4 ,! peasants object$4 ,! proprietor ent]$ a compla9t be=e ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil *ief4 ,! ,c\nty ,c\ncil *ief illegally 7z 0 lat] decl>$ by ! c\rt7 decid$ ! case 9 fav\r ( ! proprietor1 by p]mitt+ him to raise ! wat]4 ,! proprietor s5t 8 workm5 to raise ! dit* ?r\gh :i* ! wat] ran d[n4 ,! peasants 7 provok$ by ?is irregul> decision1 & call$ out _! wives1 to prev5t ! proprietor's workm5 f rais+ ! dit*4 ,! wom5 w5t to ! dam1 ov]turn$ ! c>ts1 & drove (f ! workm54 ,! proprietor ent]$ a compla9t aga9/ ! wom5 = tak+ ! law into _! h&s4 ,! ,c\nty ,c\ncil *ief ord]$ "o woman f ea* peasant f>m 9 ! :ole village to be lock$ up 79 ! cold room74 ,! decision c\ld n well be c>ri$ out2 s9ce !re 7 sev]al wom5 on ea* f>m1 x 0 impossible to det]m9e :i* ( !m 0 liable to arre/1 & s ! police did n c>ry out ! decree4 ,! proprietor compla9$ to ! gov]nor ( ! inactivity ( ! police1 & ! gov]nor1 )\t look+ into ! matt]1 gave ! rural *ief ! /rict ord] imm$iately to en=ce ! decision ( ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil *ief4 ,obey+ ! high] au?orities1 ! rural *ief arriv$ 9 ! village &1 ) a disrespect = m5 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,russian au?orities1 comm&$ ! policem5 to seize "o woman f ea* h\se4 ,b s9ce !re 0 m ?an "o woman 9 ea* h\se1 & x 0 impossible to tell :i* "o ( !m 0 subject to inc>c]ation1 !re began qu>rels1 & opposition 0 %[n4 ,9 spite ( ^! qu>rels & ?is opposition1 ! rural *ief comm&$ t "o woman1 no matt] :o %e be1 be seiz$ 9 ea* h\se & l$ to a place ( conf9em5t4 ,! peasants began to def5d _! wives & mo!rs1 did n give !m up1 & ^u ?is occasion beat ! police & ! rural *ief4 ,!re appe>$ ! fir/ t]rible crime1--an assault on ! au?orities1--& ?is new crime 0 report$ to ! city4 ,& s ! gov]nor1 l ! ,gov]nor ( ,tla1 arriv$ on a special tra9 ) a battalion ( soldi]s1 ) guns & rods1 hav+ made use ( ! telegraph1 ( telephones1 & ( ! railway1 & br\ght ) him a le>n$ doctor1 :o 0 to wat* ! hygi5ic conditions ( ! flogg+1 ?us fully p]sonify+ ,dzh+is ,khan ) ! telegraphs1 z pr$ict$ by ,h]z54 ,ne> ! t[n%ip (fice /ood ! troops1 a squad ( policem5 ) r$ cords1 to :i* is atta*$ ! revolv]1 (ficial p]sons f among ! peasants1 & ! accus$4 ,r\nd ab\t /ood a cr[d ( "o ?\s& p or m4 ,^u driv+ up to ! t[n%ip (fice1 ! gov]nor alight$ f 8 c>riage1 deliv]$ a spee* previ\sly prep>$1 & call$ = ! guilty & = a b5*4 ,?is comm& 0 n und]/ood at fir/4 ,b a policeman1 :om ! gov]nor always took ) him1 & :o att5d$ to ! prep>ation ( ! tortures1 :i* _h m ?an once be5 employ$ 9 ! ,gov]nm5t1 expla9$ t :at 0 meant 0 a b5* = flogg+4 ,a b5* 0 br\ght1 ! rods1 :i* _h be5 c>ri$ on ! tra91 7 pil$ up1 & ! execution]s 7 call$ =4 ,^! _h be5 previ\sly *os5 f among ! horse-?ieves ( ! village1 because ! soldi]s refus$ to p]=m ?is duty4 ,:5 ev]y?+ 0 ready1 ! gov]nor comm&$ ! fir/ ( ! twelve m5 po9t$ out by ! proprietor z ! mo/ guilty to /ep =w>d4 ,! "o t came out 0 ! fa!r ( a family1 a respect$ memb] ( society ( ab\t =ty ye>s ( age1 :o _h bravely def5d$ ! rights ( society & s enjoy$ ! respect ( ! inhabitants4 ,he 0 l$ up to ! b5*1 8 body 0 b>$1 & he 0 ord]$ to lie d[n4 ,! peasant tri$ to beg = m]cy1 b :5 he saw t ?is 0 useless1 he made ! sign ( ! cross & lay d[n4 ,two policem5 ru%$ =w>d to hold him d[n4 ,! le>n$ doctor /ood ne> by1 ready to (f] le>n$ m$ical aid4 ,! prison]s1 spitt+ into _! h&s1 swi%$ ! rods & began to /rike4 ,h[ev]1 x turn$ out t ! b5* 0 too n>r[ & t x 0 too difficult to keep ! wri?+1 tortur$ man ^u x4 ,!n ! gov]nor ord]$ ano!r b5* to be br\ght & to be cleat$ to ! fir/4 ,putt+ _! h&s to _! visors & mutt]+3 ,yes1 y\r ,excell5cy1 "s m5 hurri$ly & humbly fulfill$ ! comm&s2 mean:ile ! half-nak$1 pale1 tortur$ man1 fr[n+ & look+ e>?w>d1 wait$ ) trembl+ jaws & b>$ legs4 ,:5 ! second b5* 0 atta*$1 he 0 aga9 put d[n1 & ! horse-?ieves began to beat him aga94 ,! back1 hips1 & ?ighs1 & ev5 ! sides ( ! tortur$ man began m & m to be cov]$ ) wales & bloody /reaks1 & ) e bl[ !re 7 he>d dull s\nds1 :i* ! tortur$ man 0 unable to repress4 ,9 ! surr\nd+ cr[d 7 he>d ! sobs ( ! wives1 mo!rs1 *ildr51 relatives ( ! tortur$ man & ( all ^? :o 7 select$ = ! puni%m5t4 ,! un=tunate gov]nor1 intoxicat$ by 8 p[]1 ?\ght t he c\ld n d o!rwise1 &1 b5d+ 8 f+]s1 c\nt$ ! bl[s1 & )\t /opp+ smok$ cig>ettes1 to light :i* sev]al (fici\s p]sons ha/5$ e "t to h& him a light$ mat*4 ,:5 fifty bl[s _h be5 dealt1 ! peasant /opp$ cry+ & /irr+1 & ! doctor1 :o _h be5 educat$ 9 a ,cr[n in/itution = ! purpose ( s]v+ 8 ,ts> & c\ntry ) 8 sci5tific k1 walk$ ov] to ! tortur$ man1 felt 8 pulse1 li/5$ to ! beat+ ( 8 he>t1 & ann\nc$ to ! repres5tative ( p[] t ! puni%$ man _h lo/ consci\sness & t accord+ to ! data ( sci5ce x might be dang]\s to 8 life to cont9ue ! puni%m5t4 ,b ! un=tunate gov]nor1 :o 0 n[ completely intoxicat$ by ! sight ( blood1 comm&$ ! m5 to g on1 & ! torture la/$ until !y _h dealt sev5ty bl[s1 to :i* numb] x = "s reason seem$ to him necess>y to c>ry ! numb] ( ! bl[s4 ,:5 ! sev5tie? bl[ 0 dealt1 ! gov]nor said1 ,en\gh6 ,! next6 ,& ! disfigur$ man1 ) 8 swoll5 back1 0 lift$ up & c>ri$ away 9 a swoon1 & ano!r 0 tak5 up4 ,! sobs & groans ( ! cr[d became l\d]2 b ! repres5tative ( ! gov]nm5tal p[] cont9u$ ! torture4 ,?us !y flogg$ ! second1 ?ird1 f\r?1 fif?1 six?1 sev5?1 eigh?1 n9?1 t5?1 elev5?1 twelf? man1--ea* man receiv+ sev5ty bl[s4 ,all ( !m begg$ = m]cy1 groan$1 cri$4 ,! sobs & groans ( ! mass ( wom5 grew l\d] & m he>tr5d+1 & ! faces ( ! m5 grew gloomi] & gloomi]2 b ! troops /ood all ab\t !m1 & ! torture did n /op until ! "w 0 accompli%$ 9 ! measure :i* = "s reason appe>$ indisp5sable to ! caprice ( ! un=tunate1 half-drunk51 delud$ man1 call$ a gov]nor4 ,n only 7 (ficials1 (fic]s1 soldi]s pres5t1 b ) _! pres5ce !y took "p 9 ?is matt] & kept ?is ord] ( ! fulfilm5t ( ! /ate act f be+ impair$ on ! "p ( ! cr[d4 ,:5 ,i ask$ "o ( ! gov]nors :y ^! tortures are committ$ on m51 :5 !y h already submitt$ & troops are /ation$ 9 ! village1 he repli$ to me1 ) ! significant look ( a man :o has come to "k all ! intricacies ( /ate wisdom1 t ?is is done because exp]i5ce has %[n t if ! peasants are n subject$ to torture !y w aga9 c\nt]act ! decrees ( ! p[]1 :ile ! p]=mance ( ! torture 9 ! case ( a few m5 = ev] confirms ! decrees ( ! au?orities4 ,& s n[ ! ,gov]nor ( ,tla 0 travell+ ) 8 (ficials1 (fic]s1 & soldi]s1 9 ord] to p]=m j su* a "w4 ,9 j ! same mann]1 t is1 by means ( murd] or torture1 7 to be c>ri$ out ! decree ( ! high] au?orities1 :i* consi/$ 9 ?is1 t a "y fell[1 a l&$ proprietor1 :o _h an income ( "o hundr$ ?\s& r\bles p] ye>1 0 to receive ano!r ?ree ?\s& r\bles1 = a =e/ :i* he _h 9 a rascally mann] tak5 away f a :ole society ( hungry & cold peasants1 & be able to sp5d ?is money 9 two or ?ree weeks 9 ! re/aurants ( ,mosc[1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 or ,p>is4 ,x 0 to d su* a de$ t ! m5 :om ,i met 7 travell+4 ,fate1 z ?\gh on purpose1 aft] my two ye>s' t5sion ( ?\ght 9 "o & ! same direction1 = ! fir/ "t 9 my life br\ght me 9 contact ) ?is ph5om5on1 :i* %[$ me ) absolute obvi\sness 9 practice :at _h become cle> to me 9 !ory1 namely1 t ! :ole /ructure ( our life is n bas$1 z m5 :o enjoy an advantage\s position 9 ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s are fond ( imag9+1 on any juridical pr9ciples1 b on ! simple/1 co>se/ viol5ce1 on ! murd] & torture ( m54 ,m5 :o own l>ge tracts ( l& or h l>ge capitals1 or :o receive l>ge sal>ies1 :i* are collect$ f ! work+ p1 :o are 9 ne$ ( ! simple/ necessities1 z also ^? :o1 z m]*ants1 doctors1 arti/s1 cl]ks1 savants1 coa*m51 cooks1 au?ors1 lackeys1 lawy]s1 live p>asitically ab\t ^! ri* p1 are fond ( believ+ t ^? pr]ogatives :i* !y enjoy are n due to viol5ce1 b to an absolutely free & regul> ex*ange ( s]vices1 & t ^! pr]ogatives are n only n ! result ( assault ^u p1 & ! murd] ( !m1 l :at took place ?is ye> 9 ,orl & 9 _m o!r places 9 ,russia1 & cont9ually takes place 9 all ( ,europe & ( ,am]ica1 b has ev5 no connection :atsoev] ) ^! cases ( viol5ce4 ,!y are fond ( believ+ t ! privileges :i* !y enjoy exi/ 9 !mselves & take place & are due to a volunt>y agreem5t among p1 :ile ! viol5ce ex]t$ aga9/ p also exi/s 9 itself & is due to "s univ]sal & high] juridical1 political1 & economical laws4 ,^! m5 try n to see t !y enjoy ! privileges :i* !y enjoy only by d9t ( ! same ?+ :i* n[ w\ld =ce ! peasants1 :o rais$ ! =e/ & :o 7 v mu* 9 ne$ ( x1 to give x up to ! ri* proprietor1 :o took no "p 9 ! pres]vation ( ! =e/ & _h no ne$ ( x1 t is1 t !y w\ld be flogg$ or kill$ if !y did n give up ?is =e/4 ,& yet1 if x is q cle> t ! ,orl mill began to br+ great] returns to ! proprietor1 & t ! =e/1 :i* ! peasants rais$1 is turn$ ov] to ! proprietor1 only 9 consequ5ce ( assaults or murd]s1 or ! ?reat ( !m1 x mu/ be j z cle> t all ! o!r exclusive rights ( ! ri*1 :i* deprive ! poor ( _! prime necessities1 are bas$ on ! same ?+4 ,if ! peasants1 :o are 9 ne$ ( ! l& = ! support ( _! families1 d n pl\gh ! l& :i* adjo9s _! v f>ms1 :ile ?is l&1 :i* is capable ( support+ some?+ l "o ?\s& families1 is 9 ! h&s ( "o man1--a ,russian1 ,engli%man1 ,au/rian1 or "s l>ge l&$ proprietor1--:o does n "w on ?is l&1 & if ! m]*ant1 buy+ up ! corn f ! ne$y agriculturi/s1 c securely keep ?is corn 9 8 gran>ies1 amid/ />v+ p1 & sell x at ?ree times its price to ! same agriculturi/s f :om he b\ght x at "o-?ird its pres5t wor?1 x is evid5t t ?is takes place f ! same causes4 ,& if "o man _c buy *eap goods1 :i* are sold to him f beyond a conv5tional l9e call$ a bord]1 )\t pay+ cu/oms dues to p :o _h no %>e :atsoev] 9 ! production ( ! goods2 & if p _c help b give up _! la/ c[ = taxes1 :i* are di/ribut$ by ! gov]nm5t to (ficials & are us$ = ! ma9t5ance ( soldi]s :o w kill ^! v taxpay]s1 x w\ld seem to be obvi\s t ev5 ?is does n take place 9 consequ5ce ( "s ab/ract rights1 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! same t happ5$ 9 ,orl & t n[ may happ5 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,tla1 & p]iodically 9 "o =m or ano!r takes place 9 ! :ole _w1 :]ev] !re is a /ate /ructure & !re are ! ri* & ! poor4 ,because n all human relations ( viol5ce are accompani$ by tortures & murd]s1 ! m5 :o enjoy ! exclusive pr]ogatives ( ! rul+ classes assure !mselves & o!rs t ! privileges :i* !y enjoy are n due to any tortures or murd]s1 b to o!r my/]i\s common causes1 ab/ract rights1 & s =?4 ,& yet1 x w\ld seem1 x is cle> t1 if p1 ?\gh !y consid] ?is to be an inju/ice 7all work+ p n[ d71 give ! ma9 portion ( _! "w to ! capitali/1 ! l&$ proprietor1 & pay taxes1 ?\gh !y "k t bad use is made ( !m1 !y d s fir/ ( all1 n because !y recognize any ab/ract rights1 ( :i* !y h nev] he>d1 b only because !y "k t !y w be flogg$ & kill$1 if !y d n d s4 ,b if !re is no occasion to imprison1 flog1 & kill m51 e "t ! r5t = ! l& is collect$ by ! l&$ proprietor1 & ! man 9 ne$ ( corn pays to ! m]*ant :o has *eat$ him a ?reefold price1 & ! factory h& is satisfi$ ) a wage :i* repres5ts proportionately half ! ma/]'s income1 & if a poor man gives up 8 la/ r\ble = cu/oms dues & taxes1 ?is is due to ! fact t s _m m5 h be5 beat5 & kill$ = _! attempts to avoid do+ :at is dem&$ ( !m1 t !y keep ?is well 9 m9d4 ,z ! tra9$ tig] 9 ! cage does n take ! meat :i* is plac$ "u 8 m\?1 & does n lie quiet1 b jumps ov] a /ick1 :5ev] he is ord]$ to d s1 n because he wants to d s1 b because he rememb]s ! heat$ iron rod or ! hung] to :i* he 0 subject$ e "t he did n obey1--ev5 s m5 :o submit to :at is n advantage\s = !m1 :at ev5 is ru9\s to !m1 d s because !y rememb] :at happ5$ to !m = _! disob$i5ce4 ,b ! m5 :o enjoy pr]ogatives :i* are ! result ( old viol5ce1 frequ5tly =get1 & l to =get1 h[ ^! pr]ogatives 7 obta9$4 ,we ne$1 h[ev]1 only ?9k ( hi/ory1 n ! hi/ory ( ! successes ( v>i\s dyna/ies ( rul]s1 b real hi/ory1 ! hi/ory ( ! oppression ( ! majority by a small numb] ( m51 to see t ! bases ( all ! pr]ogatives ( ! ri* ov] ! poor h orig9at$ f no?+ b swit*es1 prisons1 h>d lab\r1 murd]s4 ,we ne$ b ?9k ( t con/ant1 /ubborn t5d5cy ( m5 to increase _! well-be+1 :i* guides ! m5 ( our "t1 to become conv9c$ t ! pr]ogatives ( ! ri* ov] ! poor c\ld n & _c be ma9ta9$ 9 any o!r way4 ,!re may be oppressions1 assaults1 prisons1 executions1 :i* h n = _! purpose ! pres]vation ( ! pr]ogatives ( ! weal?y classes 7?\gh ?is is v r>e71 b we may boldly say t 9 our society1 = ea* well-to-d1 com=tably liv+ man1 !re are t5 :o are exhau/$ by lab\r1 :o are envi\s & gre$y1 & :o frequ5tly suff] ) _! :ole families1--all ! pr]ogatives ( ! ri*1 all _! luxury1 all t sup]fluity :i* ! ri* enjoy above ! av]age lab\r]1 all t is acquir$ & support$ only by tortures1 inc>c]ations1 & executions4 #b ,! tra9 :i* ,i came across ! n9? ( ,septemb]1 & :i* c>ri$ soldi]s1 ) _! guns1 c>tridges1 & rods1 to ! />v+ peasants1 9 ord] to secure to ! ri* proprietor ! small =e/1 :i* he _h tak5 f ! peasants & :i* ! peasants 7 9 dire ne$ (1 %[$ me ) /rik+ obvi\sness to :at ext5t m5 h work$ out ! ability ( committ+ acts :i* are mo/ revolt+ to _! convictions & to _! consci5ce1 )\t see+ t !y are do+ s4 ,! special tra9 ) :i* ,i fell 9 consi/$ ( "o c> ( ! fir/ class = ! gov]nor1 ! (ficials1 & ! (fic]s1 & ( sev]al freight-c>s1 :i* 7 cram-full ( soldi]s4 ,! da%+ "y soldi]s1 9 _! clean new uni=ms1 /ood cr[d+ or sat ) dangl+ legs 9 ! wide-op5 doors ( ! freight-c>s4 ,"s smok$1 o!rs jo/l$ "o ano!r1 je/$1 laugh$1 display+ _! tee?2 o!rs aga9 crack$ pumpk9 se$s1 spitt+ out ! %ells ) an air ( self-confid5ce4 ,"s ( !m 7 runn+ up & d[n ! plat=m1 t[>d ! wat]-b>rel1 9 ord] to get a dr9k1 &1 ^u meet+ an (fic]1 temp]$ _! gait1 w5t ?r\gh ! /upid ge/ure ( putt+ _! h&s to _! br[s1 & ) s]i\s faces1 z ?\gh !y 7 do+ n only some?+ s5sible1 b ev5 important1 walk$ pa/ !m1 see+ !m (f ) _! eyes1 & !n rac$ m m]rily1 ?ump+ ) _! feet on ! planks ( ! plat=m1 laugh+1 & *att]+1 z is *>act]i/ic ( heal?y1 good lads1 :o 9 good company travel f "o place to ano!r4 ,!y 7 travell+ to slay _! hungry fa!rs & gr&fa!rs1 z ?\gh go+ to "s v jolly1 or at lea/ v usual1 piece ( "w4 ,! same impression 0 convey$ by ! (ficials & (fic]s 9 gala-uni=m1 :o 7 scatt]$ on ! plat=m & 9 ! hall ( ! fir/ class4 ,at ! table1 :i* 0 cov]$ ) bottles1 dress$ 9 8 semi-milit>y uni=m1 sat ! gov]nor1 ! *ief ( ! exp$ition1 eat+ some?+1 & speak+ calmly ab\t ! wea!r ) an acqua9tance :om he _h met1 z ?\gh ! matt] :i* he 0 ab\t to att5d to 7 s simple & s common t x c\ld n impair 8 calm & 8 int]e/ 9 ! *ange ( ! wea!r4 ,at "s di/ance away f ! table1 n p>tak+ ( any food1 sat a g5]al ( g5d>mes1 ) an imp5etrable1 b gloomy look1 z ?\gh annoy$ by ! t$i\s =mality4 ,on all sides mov$ & *att]$ (fic]s1 9 _! beautiful1 gold-b$eck$ uni=ms3 "o1 sitt+ at ! table1 0 f9i%+ a bottle ( be]2 ano!r1 /&+ at ! buffet1 mun*$ at an appetiz+ patty1 %ak+ (f ! crumbs1 :i* _h lodg$ on ! brea/ ( 8 uni=m1 & ?r[+ ! money on ! table ) a self-confid5t ge/ure2 a ?ird1 vibrat+ bo? legs1 0 walk+ pa/ ! c>s ( our tra91 ogl+ ! fem99e faces4 ,all ^! m51 :o 7 on _! way to torture or kill hungry1 def5celess m51 ! same t f$ !m1 _h ! appe>ance ( m5 :o "k conclusively t !y are do+ :at is "r1 & ev5 are pr\d1 /uck up1 at :at !y are do+4 ,:at is ?is8 ,all ^! m5 are "o half-h\r's ride away f ! place :]e1 to secure to a ri* fell[ "s ?ree ?\s& useless r\bles1 :i* he has tak5 away f a :ole community ( />v+ peasants1 !y may be compell$ to p]=m ! mo/ t]rible acts t "o c imag9e1 may beg91 j z 9 ,orl1 to kill or to torture innoc5t m51 _! bro!rs1 & !y calmly approa* ! place & "t :]e & :5 ?is may happ54 ,x is impossible to say t ^! m51 all ^! (ficials1 (fic]s1 & soldi]s1 d n "k :at awaits !m1 because !y prep>$ !mselves = x4 ,! gov]nor _h to give 8 ord]s conc]n+ ! rods1 ! (ficials _h to pur*ase bir* swit*es1 to haggle = !m1 & to ent] ?is item z an exp5se4 ,! milit>y gave & receiv$ & execut$ comm&s conc]n+ ! ball-c>tridges4 ,all ( !m "k t !y are on ! way to torture &1 p]haps1 to kill _! fami%$ bro!rs1 & t !y w beg9 to d ?is1 p]haps1 )9 an h\r4 ,x w\ld be incorrect to say t !y d ?is f conviction1--z is frequ5tly said & z !y !mselves repeat1--f ! conviction t !y d ?is because x is necess>y to ma9ta9 ! /ate /ructure1 9 ! fir/ place1 because all ^! m5 h h>dly ev] ev5 ?\ght ( ! /ate /ructure & ( its necessity2 9 ! second place1 !y c 9 no way be conv9c$ t ! bus9ess 9 :i* !y take "p ma9ta9s ! /ate1 in/ead ( de/roy+ x1 &1 9 ! ?ird place1 9 reality ! majority ( ^! m51 if n all1 w n only nev] sacrifice _! peace & pleasure = ! purpose ( support+ ! /ate1 b w ev5 nev] miss a *ance ( mak+ use1 = _! peace & pleasure1 ( ev]y?+ !y c1 ev5 ?\gh x be to ! disadvantage ( ! /ate4 ,consequ5tly !y d n d s = ! sake ( ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( ! /ate4 ,:at is x1 !n8 ,i "k all ^! m54 ,if ,i d n "k !m p]sonally1 ,i "k approximately _! *>act]s1 _! pa/1 _! mann] ( ?\ght4 ,all ( !m h mo!rs1 & "s h wives & *ildr54 ,!y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 good-he>t$1 meek1 frequ5tly t5d] m51 :o despise e cruelty1 to say no?+ ( ! murd] ( m51 & _m ( !m w\ld be incapable ( kill+ or tortur+ animals2 besides1 !y are all p :o pr(ess ,*ri/ianity & consid] viol5ce ex]t$ aga9/ def5celess m5 a l[ & disgraceful matt]4 ,n "o ( ^! m5 w\ld be able = ! sake ( 8 smalle/ advantage to d ev5 "o-hundr$? "p ( :at ! ,gov]nor ( ,orl did to ^? p2 & any ( !m w\ld ev5 be (f5d$1 if x 7 assum$ t 9 8 private life he w\ld be capable ( do+ any?+ l x4 ,& yet1 "h !y are1 )9 half an h\r's ride f ! place1 :]e !y may be l$ inevitably to ! necessity ( do+ x4 ,:at is x1 !n8 ,b1 besides ^! p :o are travell+ on ! tra91 & :o are ready to commit murd] & tortures1 h[ c\ld ^? p ) :om ! :ole matt] began1--! proprietor1 ! sup]9t5d5t1 ! judges1 & ^? :o f ,/4 ,pet]sburg prescrib$ ?is matt] & by _! comm&s are tak+ "p 9 x1--h[ c\ld ^! m51 ! m9i/]1 ! emp]or1 also good m51 :o are pr(ess+ ! ,*ri/ian religion1 h und]tak5 & ord]$ su* a ?+1 kn[+ its consequ5ces8 ,h[ c ev5 ^? :o d n take "p 9 ?is matt]1 ! spectators1 :o are provok$ at e special case ( viol5ce or at ! torture ( a horse1 admit ! p]=mance ( s t]rible a de$8 ,h[ c !y help be+ provok$ at x1 /&+ on ! road1 & %\t+1 ,no1 we %all n all[ hungry p to be kill$ & flogg$ = n giv+ up _! prop]ty1 :i* has be5 seiz$ f !m by =ce8 ,b n only does no "o d s1--! majority ( m51 ev5 ^? :o 7 ! in/igators ( ! :ole ?+1 l ! sup]9t5d5t1 ! proprietor1 ! judges1 & ^? :o 7 ! p>ticipants 9 x & :o gave ! ord]s1 l ! gov]nor1 ! m9i/]1 ! emp]or1 are calm1 & d n ev5 feel any pangs ( consci5ce4 ,j z calm are app>5tly all ^? m5 :o are travell+ to commit ?is evil de$4 ,! spectators1 too1 x seem$1 :o 7 n 9 any way int]e/$ 9 ! matt]1 = ! mo/ "p look$ ) sympa?y1 r ?an ) disapproval1 ^u ! m5 :o 7 gett+ ready = ?is execrable de$4 ,9 ! same c> ) me !re 0 travell+ a m]*ant1 a lumb] deal] f ! peasant class1 & he l\dly proclaim$ 8 sympa?y = ^? tortures to :i* ! peasants 7 ab\t to be subject$3 ,x is n "r n to obey ! au?orities1 he said2 t's :at ! au?orities are =4 ,j wait1 !y w h _! fleas driv5 out ( !m1--!y won't ?9k ( riot+ aft] t4 ,s]ves !m "r4 ,:at is x1 !n8 ,x is equally impossible to say t all ^! m5--! in/igators1 p>ticipants1 abettors ( ?is matt]--are su* rascals t1 kn[+ all ! bas5ess ( :at !y are do+1 !y1 ei!r = a sal>y1 or = an advantage1 or out ( fe> ( be+ puni%$1 d a ?+ :i* is contr>y to _! convictions4 ,all ^! m5 "k h[1 9 c]ta9 situations1 to def5d _! convictions4 ,n "o ( ^! (ficials w\ld /eal a purse1 or read ano!r p]son's lett]1 or be> an insult )\t dem&+ satisfaction f ! insult]4 ,n "o ( ^! (fic]s w\ld h ! c\rage to *eat at c>ds1 n to pay 8 c>d debts1 to betray a fri5d1 to run away f ! field ( battle1 or to ab&on 8 flag4 ,n "o ( ^! soldi]s w\ld h ! c\rage to spit out ! sacram5t or to eat meat on ,good ,friday4 ,all ^! m5 are prep>$ to be> all k9ds ( privations1 suff]+s1 & dang]s1 r ?an d some?+ :i* !y consid] to be bad4 ,consequ5tly1 !re is 9 ^! m5 a c\nt]act+ =ce1 :5ev] !y h to d some?+ :i* is contr>y to _! convictions4 ,/ill less is x possible to say t all ^! m5 are su* bea/s t x is prop] & n at all pa9ful = !m to d su* ?+s4 ,we ne$ b h a talk ) ^! m51 to see t all ( !m1 ! proprietor1 ! judges1 ! m9i/]1 ! ,ts>1 ! gov]nor1 ! (fic]s1 & ! soldi]s n only 9 ! dep? ( _! he>ts d n approve ( su* de$s1 b ev5 suff] f ! consci\sness ( _! "p 9 !m1 :5 !y are rem9d$ ( ! significance ( ?is matt]4 ,!y simply try n to ?9k ( x4 ,we ne$ b h a talk ) !m1 ) all ! p>ticipants 9 ?is matt]1 f ! proprietor to ! la/ policeman & soldi]1 to see t all ( !m 9 ! dep? ( _! he>ts "k t ?is is a bad ?+ & t x w\ld be bett] n to take "p 9 x1 & t !y suff] f x4 ,a lady ( lib]al t5d5cies1 :o 0 travell+ on ! same tra9 ) u1 ^u notic+ ! gov]nor & ! (fic]s 9 ! hall ( ! fir/ class1 & le>n+ ( ! purpose ( _! j\rney1 began on purpose 9 a l\d voice1 s z to be he>d1 to curse ! ord]s ( our "t & to put to %ame ! m5 :o 7 tak+ "p 9 ?is matt]4 ,all p]sons pres5t felt ill at ease4 ,nobody knew :i!r to look1 b no "o d>$ to answ] h]4 ,! pass5g]s look$ z ?\gh x 7 n wor? :ile to reply to su* empty talk4 ,b x 0 evid5t f ! faces & fugitive eyes t all felt a%am$4 ,?is also ,i notic$ 9 ! case ( ! soldi]s4 ,!y1 too1 knew t ! bus9ess = :i* !y 7 travell+ 0 a bad "o1 b !y did n wi% to ?9k ( :at await$ !m4 ,:5 ! lumb] deal] began ins9c]ely1 z ,i ?\ght1 m]ely to %[ 8 culture1 to speak ( h[ necess>y su* measures 71 ! soldi]s :o he>d x turn$ away f him1 z ?\gh !y did n he> him1 & fr[n$4 ,all ^! m51 bo? ^? :o1 l ! proprietor1 ! sup]9t5d5t1 ! m9i/]1 ! ,ts>1 p>ticipat$ 9 ! p]=mance ( ?is act1 & ^? :o are j n[ travell+ on ! tra91 & ev5 ^? :o1 )\t tak+ "p 9 ?is matt]1 look on at ! accompli%m5t ( x1 "k e "o ( !m t ?is is a bad bus9ess1 & are a%am$ ( ! "p :i* !y are tak+ 9 x & ev5 ( _! pres5ce dur+ its execution4 ,:y1 !n1 h !y be5 do+ & tol]at+ x8 ,ask ^? :o1 l ! proprietor1 />t$ ?is matt]1 & ^? :o1 l ! judges1 h&$ d[n a =mally legal1 b obvi\sly unju/ decision1 & ^? :o ord]$ ! en=cem5t ( ! decree1 & ^? :o1 l ! soldi]s1 ! policem51 & ! peasants1 w ) _! own h&s c>ry x into execution1--:o w beat & kill _! bro!rs1--all ( !m1 ! in/igators1 & ! accomplices1 & ! executors1 & ! abettors ( ^! crimes1 & all w give y ess5tially ! same answ]4 ,! m5 9 au?ority1 :o provok$ ! matt] & cop]at$ 9 x & direct$ x1 w say t !y are do+ :at !y are do+ because su* matt]s are necess>y = ! ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ ord]2 & ! ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ ord] is necess>y = ! good ( ! c\ntry & ( humanity1 = ! possibility ( a social life & a =w>d movem5t ( progress4 ,! m5 f ! l[] sph]es1 ! peasants & ! soldi]s1 ^? :o w be compell$ ) _! own h&s to ex]cise ! viol5ce1 w say t !y are do+ :at !y are do+ because ?is is prescrib$ by ! high] au?orities1 & t ! high] au?orities "k :at !y are do+4 ,t ! au?orities consi/ ( ! v m5 :o ought to be ! au?orities & t !y "k :at !y are do+1 pres5ts itself to !m z an inconte/able tru?4 ,if ^! l[] executors ev5 admit ! possibility ( an error or delusion1 !y admit x only 9 ! case ( ! l[] au?orities2 b ! highe/ p[]1 f :om all ?is proce$s1 seems to !m to be unque/ionably infallible4 ,?\gh expla9+ ! motives = _! activities 9 a diff]5t mann]1 bo? ! rul]s & ! rul$ agree 9 ?is1 t !y d :at !y d because ! exi/+ ord] is precisely ! "o :i* is indisp5sable & :i* mu/ exi/ at ! pres5t "t1 & :i*1 !re=e1 x is ! sacr$ duty ( e p]son to ma9ta94 ,on ?is recognition ( ! necessity1 & s ( ! un*angeabl5ess ( ! exi/+ ord]1 is bas$ ! reflection1 :i* has always be5 adduc$ by all ! p>ticipants 9 /ate viol5ce 9 _! ju/ification1 t1 s9ce ! pres5t ord] is un*angeable1 ! refusal ( a s+le individual to p]=m ! duties impos$ ^u him w n *ange ! ess5ce ( ! matt]1 & w h no o!r effect ?an t 9 place ( ! p]son refus+ !re w be ano!r man1 :o may p]=m ! duty less well1 t is1 m cruelly1 m h>mfully = ^? m5 aga9/ :om ! viol5ce is practis$4 ,?is conviction t ! exi/+ ord] is indisp5sable1 & s un*angeable1 & t x is ! sacr$ duty ( e man to ma9ta9 x1 is :at gives to good p &1 9 private life1 to moral p ! possibility ( p>ticipat+ ) a m or less calm consci5ce 9 su* affairs z ! "o :i* took place 9 ,orl & ! "o :i* ! p :o 7 travell+ 9 ! ,tla tra9 7 gett+ ready to act 94 ,b on :at is ?is conviction bas$8 ,x is naturally agreeable & desirable = ! proprietor to believe t ! exi/+ ord] is indisp5sable & un*angeable1 because x is ?is v exi/+ ord] :i* secures = him ! income f 8 hundr$s & ?\s&s ( desyatnas1 ?anks to :i* he leads 8 habitual idle & luxuri\s life4 ,naturally en\gh1 ! judge1 too1 readily believes 9 ! necessity ( ! ord] 9 consequ5ce ( :i* he receives fifty times z mu* z ! mo/ indu/ri\s lab\r]4 ,?is is j z compreh5sible 9 ! case ( ! supreme judge1 :o receives a sal>y ( six or m ?\s&1 & 9 ! case ( all ! high] (ficials4 ,only ) ! pres5t ord] c he1 z a gov]nor1 prosecutor1 s5ator1 memb] ( v>i\s c\ncils1 receive 8 sal>y ( sev]al ?\s&s1 )\t :i* he w\ld at once p]i% ) all 8 family1 because1 except by ! position :i* he holds1 he w\ld n be able1 ) 8 ability1 indu/ry1 & k1 to e>n "o hundr$? "p ( :at he is gett+4 ,9 ! same situation are ! m9i/]1 ! emp]or1 & e high] au?ority1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t1 ! high] !y are & ! m exclusive _! position is1 ! m indisp5sable x is = !m to believe t ! exi/+ ord] is ! only possible ord]1 because outside ( x !y n only _c get an equal position1 b w h to /& mu* l[] ?an ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,a man :o volunt>ily hires himself out z a policeman at a sal>y ( t5 r\bles1 :i* he c easily get 9 any o!r position1 has little ne$ ( ! pres]vation ( ! exi/+ ord]1 & s c get along )\t believ+ 9 its un*angeabl5ess4 ,b a k+ or an emp]or1 :o 9 8 position receives millions2 :o kn[s t all ar\nd him !re are ?\s&s ( m5 :o are will+ to depose him & take 8 place2 :o kn[s t 9 no o!r position w he get su* an income & su* hon\rs2 :o 9 ! majority ( cases1 ) a m or less despotic rule1 kn[s ev5 ?is1 t1 if he %\ld be depos$1 he w\ld be tri$ = ev]y?+ he did :ile 9 possession ( 8 p[]1 _c help b believe 9 ! un*angeabl5ess & sacr$ness ( ! exi/+ ord]4 ,! high] ! position :i* a man occupies1 ! m advantage\s &1 !re=e1 ! m un/able x is1 & ! m t]rible & dang]\s a fall f x is1 ! m does a man :o holds t position believe 9 ! un*angeabl5ess ( ! exi/+ ord]1 & ) s mu* great] peace ( m9d c su* a man1 z ?\gh n = himself1 b = ! support ( ! exi/+ ord]1 d bad & cruel de$s4 ,?us x is 9 ! case ( all ! m5 ( ! rul+ classes :o hold positions t are m advantage\s ?an ^? :i* !y c\ld hold )\t ! exi/+ ord]1--beg9n+ ) ! l[e/ police (ficials & end+ ) ! highe/ au?orities4 ,all ^! m5 m or less believe 9 ! un*angeabl5ess ( ! exi/+ ord]1 because1 above all else1 x is advantage\s = !m4 ,b :at is x t compels ! peasants1 ! soldi]s1 :o /& on ! l[e/ rung ( ! ladd]1 :o h no pr(it f ! exi/+ ord]1 :o are 9 a condition ( ! mo/ abject submission & humiliation1 to believe t ! exi/+ ord]1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y are 9 a mo/ disadvantage\s & humble /ate1 is ! v ord] :i* mu/ be1 & :i*1 !re=e1 mu/ be ma9ta9$1 ev5 by p]=m+ ! base/ & mo/ unconscionable acts = x4 ,:at is x t compels ^! m5 to make ! false reflection t ! exi/+ ord] is inv>iable &1 !re=e1 mu/ be ma9ta9$1 :]eas x is evid5t t1 on ! contr>y1 x is un*angeable only because x is ma9ta9$ z su*8 ,:at is x t compels ! m5 :o 7 b ye/]day tak5 f ! pl\gh1 & :o are dress$ up 9 ^! mon/r\s1 indec5t g>m5ts ) blue coll>s & gilt buttons1 to travel ) guns & swords1 9 ord] to kill _! hungry fa!rs & bro!rs8 ,!y c]ta9ly h no advantages1 & are 9 no dang] ( los+ ! position :i* !y hold1 because _! condition is worse ?an ! "o f :i* !y are tak54 ,! m5 ( ! high] rul+ classes1 ! proprietors1 m9i/]s1 k+s1 (fic]s1 take "p 9 ^! matt]s1 ?us support+ ! exi/+ ord]1 because x is advantage\s = !m4 ,besides1 ^! frequ5tly good1 meek m5 feel !mselves able to take "p 9 ^! ?+s = ?is o!r reason1 t _! p>ticipation is limit$ to in/igations1 decrees1 & comm&s4 ,none ( ^! m5 9 au?ority d !mselves ^? ?+s :i* !y in/igate1 det]m9e ^u1 & ord] to be done4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y d n ev5 see h[ all ^? t]rible ?+s :i* !y provoke & prescribe are c>ri$ out4 ,b ! un=tunate p ( ! l[] classes1 :o d]ive no advantage f ! exi/+ ord]1 :o1 on ! contr>y1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is ord] are held 9 ! greate/ contempt1 :y d !y1 :o1 = ! ma9t5ance ( ?is ord]1 ) _! own h&s te> p away f _! families1 :o b9d !m1 :o lock !m up 9 prisons & at h>d lab\r1 :o wat* & %oot !m1 d all ^! ?+s8 ,:at is x t compels ^! m5 to believe t ! exi/+ ord] is un*angeable & t x is necess>y to ma9ta9 x8 ,all viol5ce is bas$ only on !m1 on ^? m5 :o ) _! own h&s beat1 b9d1 lock up1 kill4 ,if ^! m5 did n exi/1--^! soldi]s & policem51--! arm$ m5 9 g5]al1 :o are prep>$ on comm& to commit viol5ce & to kill all ^? :om !y are comm&$ to kill1 n "o ( ! m5 :o sign ! decrees = executions1 life imprisonm5t1 h>d lab\r1 w\ld ev] h ! c\rage himself to hang1 lock up1 torture to dea? "o ?\s&? "p ( ^? :om n[1 sitt+ quietly 9 _! /udies1 !y ord] to be hung & to be tortur$ 9 e way1 only because !y d n see x & x is n done by !m1 b some:]e f> away by ob$i5t executors4 ,all ^? inju/ices & cruelties :i* h ent]$ into ! curriculum ( ! exi/+ life1 h ent]$ !re only because !re exi/ ^! p1 :o are always prep>$ to ma9ta9 ^! inju/ices & cruelties4 ,if ^! m5 did n exi/1 !re w\ld n be any "o to (f] viol5ce to all ^! enorm\s masses ( violat$ p1 & ^? :o give ord]s w\ld nev] ev5 d>e ei!r to comm& or ev5 to dream ( :at !y n[ comm& ) s mu* self-assurance4 ,if !re 7 no p :o w\ld be ready at ! comm& ( ^? :om !y obey to torture or to kill him :o is po9t$ out to !m1 no "o w\ld ev] d>e to affirm1 :at is ) s mu* self-confid5ce ass]t$ by ! non-work+ l&[n]s1 t ! l& :i* surr\nds ! peasants1 :o are dy+ = lack ( l&1 is ! prop]ty ( a man :o does n "w on x1 & t ! supply ( corn1 :i* has be5 g>n]$ 9 a rascally mann]1 ought to be kept intact amid/ a />v+ population1 because ! m]*ant ne$s "s pr(it1 & s =?4 ,if !re 7 no m5 :o w\ld be ready at ! w ( ! au?orities to torture & kill e p]son po9t$ out to !m1 x c\ld nev] occur to a l&$ proprietor to take away f ! peasants a =e/ :i* _h be5 rais$ by !m1 nor to ! (ficials to consid] legal ! paym5t to !m ( sal>ies1 :i* are collect$ f ! hungry masses1 = oppress+ !m1 to say no?+ ( execut+ m51 or lock+ !m up1 or exil+ !m1 because !y ov]?r[ ! lie & prea* ! tru?4 ,all ?is is dem&$ & done only because ^! rul+ p are firmly conv9c$ t !y h always at h& submissive p1 :o w be ready to c>ry any ( _! dem&s into execution by means ( tortures & murd]s4 ,! only reason :y !y commit de$s l ^? committ$ by all ! tyrants f ,napoleon d[n to ! la/ comm&] ( a company1 :o %oots into a cr[d1 is because !y are /upefi$ by ! p[] beh9d !m1 consi/+ ( subs]vi5t m5 :o are ready to d any?+ !y are comm&$4 ,! :ole /r5g?1 !re=e1 lies 9 ! m5 :o ) _! h&s d acts ( viol5ce1 9 ! m5 :o s]ve ) ! police1 among ! soldi]s1 m especially among ! soldi]s1 because ! police d _! "w only :5 !y h an army beh9d !m4 ,:at is x1 !n1 t has l$ ^! good m51 :o d]ive no advantage f x1 :o are compell$ ) _! h&s to d all ^! t]rible ?+s1 m5 on :om ! :ole matt] dep5ds1 into t rem>kable delusion t assures !m t ! exi/+ disadvantage\s1 p]nici\s1 & = !m pa9ful ord] is ! "o :i* mu/ be8 ,:o has l$ !m into ?is rem>kable delusion8 ,!y h c]ta9ly n assur$ !mselves t !y mu/ d :at is n only pa9ful1 disadvantage\s1 & p]nici\s to !m & _! :ole class1 :i* =ms n9e-t5?s ( ! :ole population1 & :at is ev5 contr>y to _! consci5ce4 ,h[ are y go+ to kill m51 :5 9 ,god's law x says1 ',?\ %alt n kill'8 ,i frequ5tly ask$ soldi]s1 &1 by rem9d+ !m ( :at !y did n l to ?9k ab\t1 ,i always made !m feel awkw>d & emb>rass$4 ,su* a soldi] knew t !re 0 an obligatory law ( ,god1 ,?\ %alt n kill1 & he knew t !re 0 an obligatory milit>y s]vice1 b x _h nev] occurr$ to him t !re 0 any contradiction !re4 ,! s5se ( ! timid answ]s t ,i always receiv$ to ?is "q consi/$ approximately 9 ?is1 t murd] 9 w> & ! execution ( crim9als at ! comm& ( ! gov]nm5t 7 n includ$ 9 ! common prohibition ( murd]s4 ,b :5 ,i told !m t no su* limitation 0 made 9 ,god's law1 & rem9d$ !m ( ! doctr9e ( bro!rhood1 ( ! =giv5ess ( (f5ces1 ( love1 :i* are obligatory = all ,*ri/ians & :i* c\ld 9 no way be h>moniz$ ) murd]1 ! m5 ( ! p g5]ally agre$ ) me1 & on _! side put ! "q to me z to h[ x happ5$ t ! gov]nm5t1 :i*1 accord+ to _! ideas1 c\ld n err1 comm&$ ! armies1 :5 necess>y1 to g to w>1 & ord]$ ! execution ( prison]s4 ,:5 ,i answ]$ !m t ! gov]nm5t act$ incorrectly :5 x comm&$ ^! ?+s to be done1 my int]locutors became ev5 m emb>rass$1 & ei!r broke (f ! conv]sation or grew provok$ at me4 ,!re mu/ be su* a law4 ,i guess ! bi%ops "k bett] ?an we1 ,i 0 told by a ,russian soldi]4 ,&1 hav+ said ?is1 ! soldi] app>5tly felt 8 consci5ce eas$1 be+ fully conv9c$ t 8 guides _h f\nd a law1 ! same "u :i* 8 ance/ors _h s]v$1 & ! k+s & ! k+s' heirs1 & millions ( p1 & he himself s]v$1 & t :at ,i 0 tell+ him 0 "s piece ( cunn+ or clev]ness1 l a riddle4 ,all ! m5 ( our ,*ri/ian _w "k1 "k firmly1 f tradition1 & f revelation1 & f ! irrefutable voice ( consci5ce1 t murd] is "o ( ! mo/ t]rible crimes :i* a man c commit1 z ! ,gospel says1 & t ?is s9 _c be limit$ to c]ta9 m51 t is1 t x is a s9 to kill "s m51 b n a s9 to kill o!rs4 ,all "k t if ! s9 ( murd] is a s91 x is always a s91 indep5d5tly ( :at m5 are ! victims ( x1 j l ! s9 ( adult]y & ?iev+ & any o!r2 at ! same "t m5 h se51 s9ce *ildhood1 s9ce y\?1 t murd] is n only admitt$1 b ev5 bless$ by all ^? :om !y are accu/om$ to respect z _! spiritual guides1 orda9$ by ,god2 !y see t _! worldly guides ) calm assurance in/itute murd]s1 be> arms ( murd]1 ( :i* !y are pr\d1 & dem& ( all1 9 ! "n ( ! civil & ev5 ! div9e law1 t !y %all take "p 9 murd]4 ,m5 see t !re is "h "s contradiction1 &1 be+ unable to solve x1 !y involunt>ily assume t ?is contradiction is due only to _! ignorance4 ,! v co>s5ess & obvi\sness ( ! contradiction su/a9s !m 9 ?is conviction4 ,!y _c imag9e t _! enlight5]s1 le>n$ m51 %\ld be able ) su* confid5ce to prea* two su* seem+ly contradictory propositions1--! obligator9ess = e "o ( ! law & ( murd]4 ,a simple1 innoc5t *ild1 & lat] a y\?1 _c imag9e t m5 :o /& s high 9 8 op9ion1 :om he consid]s to be ei!r holy or le>n$1 %\ld = any reason be deceiv+ him s unscrupul\sly4 ,b x is precisely ?is t has be5 done to him all ! "t4 ,?is is accompli%$1 9 ! fir/ place1 by impress+ all ! lab\r+ p1 :o h n !mselves any "t to solve moral & religi\s que/ions1 f *ildhood1 & up to old age1 by example & direct tea*+1 ) ! idea t tortures & murd]s are compatible ) ,*ri/ianity1 & t1 = c]ta9 purposes ( /ate1 tortures & murd]s are n only admissible1 b ev5 p]emptory2 9 ! second place1 by impress+ "s ( !m1 :o are *os5 by enli/m5t or levy1 ) ! idea t ! p]=mance ( tortures & murd]s ) _! own h&s =ms a sacr$ duty & ev5 an act :i* is valor\s & wor?y ( praise & ( rew>d4 ,! common deception1 :i* is dissem9at$ among all m51 consi/s 9 ?is1 t 9 all ! cate*isms1 or ! books :i* h tak5 _! place & :i* are n[ ! subject ( obligatory in/ruction = ! *ildr51 x says t viol5ce1 t is1 tortures1 imprisonm5ts1 & executions1 z also murd]s 9 civil or ext]nal w>s = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ & def5d+ ! exi/+ ord] ( ! /ate 7:atev] x be1 autocratic1 mon>*ical1 a conv5tion1 a consul%ip1 an empire ( ei!r ,napoleon or ( ,b\lang]1 a con/itutional mon>*y1 a commune1 or a republic71 is q legitimate1 & does n contradict ei!r morality or ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is x says 9 all ! cate*isms or books us$ 9 ! s*ools4 ,& m5 are s conv9c$ ( x t !y gr[ up1 live1 & die 9 ?is conviction1 )\t d\bt+ x ev5 once4 ,?is is "o deception1 a common deception1 :i* is practis$ on all m52 !re is ano!r1 a private deception1 :i* is practis$ on soldi]s or policem51 :o are *os5 9 "o way or ano!r & :o p]=m ! tortures & ! murd]s :i* are ne$$ = ! support & ! def5ce ( ! exi/+ ord]4 ,9 all ! milit>y codes x says 9 s _m words :at 9 ! ,russian milit>y code is express$ z foll[s3 7,art4 #hg7 ,precisely & )\t discussion to c>ry out ! comm&s ( ! au?orities means to c>ry out precisely ! comm& giv5 by ! au?orities1 )\t discuss+ :e!r x is good or bad1 & :e!r x is possible to c>ry x out4 ,! *ief himself answ]s = ! consequ5ces ( a comm& giv5 out by him4 7,art4 #hh7 ,! subject may refuse to c>ry out ! comm&s ( 8 sup]ior only :5 he sees cle>ly t by c>ry+ out 8 sup]ior's comm& he--"o involunt>ily imag9es t :at w foll[ is :5 he sees cle>ly t by c>ry+ out 8 sup]ior's comm& he violates ! law ( ,god2 b t is n at all ! case3 :5 he sees cle>ly t he is violat+ ! oa? ( allegiance & fidelity1 & 8 s]vice to ! emp]or4 ,x says t a man1 be+ a soldi]1 mu/ c>ry out all ! comm&s ( 8 *ief )\t any exception :atev]1 :i* = a soldi] ma9ly means murd]1 & s mu/ violate all div9e & human laws1 except 8 fidelity & s]vice to him :o at ! giv5 mom5t happ5s to be 9 p[]4 ,?us x says 9 ! ,russian milit>y code1 & precisely ! same1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t words1 is said 9 all ! milit>y codes1 z inde$ x _c be o!rwise1 because 9 reality ^u ?is deception ( emancipat+ m5 f _! ob$i5ce to ,god or to _! consci5ce1 & ( sub/itut+ = ?is ob$i5ce ! ob$i5ce to ! accid5tal sup]ior1 is all ! p[] ( ! army & ! /ate bas$4 ,s x is ?is on :i* is f\nd$ t /range conviction ( ! l[] classes t ! exi/+ ord]1 :i* is p]nici\s = !m1 is z x ought to be1 & t !y are1 !re=e1 oblig$ to support x ) tortures & murd]s4 ,?is conviction is bas$ on a consci\s deception1 :i* is practis$ ^u !m by ! upp] classes4 ,nor c x be o!rwise4 ,to compel ! l[]1 mo/ num]\s classes ( m5 to oppress & torm5t !mselves1 committ+ ) ?is su* acts z are contr>y to _! consci5ce1 x 0 necess>y to deceive ^! l[]1 mo/ num]\s classes4 ,& s x 0 done4 ,! o!r day ,i aga9 saw an op5 practice ( ?is %ameless deceit1 & ,i 0 aga9 surpris$ to see ) :at boldness & fre$om x 0 practis$4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 z ,i 0 pass+ ?r\gh ,tla1 ,i aga9 saw at ! gate ( ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil ,(fice ! famili> d5se cr[d ( p1 f :i* proce$$ drunk5 %\ts & ! pitiful wail ( mo!rs & ( wives4 ,?is 0 a levy ( recruits4 ,z ^u o!r occasions1 ,i 0 unable to drive pa/ ?is spectacle3 x attracts me z by "s evil *>m4 ,i aga9 ent]$ among ! cr[d1 /ood1 look$1 ask$ que/ions1 & m>vell$ at ! fre$om ) :i* ?is mo/ t]rible crime is p]petrat$ 9 broad daylight & 9 a popul\s city4 ,z 9 =m] ye>s1 ! eld]s 9 all ! villages ( ,russia1 ) its "o hundr$ millions ( inhabitants1 on ! fir/ ( ,novemb] select$ f li/s a giv5 numb] ( lads1 frequ5tly _! own sons1 & took !m to ! city4 ,on ! way ! recruits w5t on an un9t]rupt$ spree1 9 :i* !y 7 n int]f]$ ) by _! eld]s1 :o felt t go+ to su* a mad bus9ess z ! "o to :i* ! recruits 7 go+1 ab&on+ _! wives & mo!rs & r5\nc+ ev]y?+ holy to !m1 9 ord] to become somebody's s5seless in/rum5ts ( murd]1 0 too pa9ful a matt]1 if !y did n intoxicate !mselves ) liquor4 ,& s !y travell$1 dr9k+1 curs+1 s++1 fight+1 & maim+ !mselves4 ,! nights !y pass$ 9 inns4 ,9 ! morn+ !y aga9 became drunk & ga!r$ 9 front ( ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil ,(fice4 ,"o "p ( !m1 9 new %ort fur coats1 ) knitt$ %awls ab\t _! necks1 ) moi/ drunk5 eyes or ) savage self-enc\rag+ %\ts1 or quiet & deject$1 cr[d at ! gate amid/ weep+ mo!rs & wives1 wait+ = _! turns 7,i fell 9 ) !m on ! v day ( ! levy1 t is1 :5 ^? :o 7 s5t up 7 to be exam9$72 ano!r "p at ?is "t cr[ds 9 ! wait+-room ( ! ,(fice4 ,9 ! ,(fice !y are busy work+4 ,! door is op5$1 & ! janitor calls ,pet] ,sdorov4 ,pet] ,sdorov is />tl$1 makes ! sign ( ! cross1 & ent]s into a small room ) a glass door4 ,"h ! prospective recruits undress !mselves4 ,a nak$ recruit1 a companion ( ,pet] ,sdorov1 j accept$1 comes 9 f ! ,(fice1 ) trembl+ jaws1 & puts on 8 clo!s4 ,pet] ,sdorov has he>d & sees by 8 face t he is accept$4 ,pet] ,sdorov wants to ask him some?+1 b he is told to hurry & undress himself z quickly z possible4 ,he ?r[s (f 8 fur coat1 pulls (f 8 boots ) 8 feet1 takes (f 8 ve/1 draws 8 %irt ov] 8 head1 & ) protrud+ ribs1 nak$1 ) %iv]+ body1 & emitt+ an od\r ( liquor1 tobacco1 & p]spiration1 ) b>e feet1 ent]s into ! ,(fice1 )\t kn[+ :at to d ) 8 b>$ muscul> arms4 ,9 ! ,(fice !re hangs 9 full sight & 9 a l>ge gilt frame ! portrait ( ! emp]or 9 a uni=m ) a sa%1 & 9 ! corn] a small portrait ( ,*ri/ 9 a %irt & a cr[n ( ?orns4 ,9 ! middle ( ! room !re /&s a table cov]$ ) gre5 clo?1 ^u :i* lie pap]s & /&s a triangul> ?+ ) an eagle1 :i* is call$ ! ,mirror ( ,laws4 ,ar\nd ! table sit ! *iefs1 ) confid5t1 calm looks4 ,"o ( !m smokes1 ano!r exam9es "s pap]s4 ,! mom5t ,sdorov has ent]$1 a janitor comes up to him1 & he is put on ! measur+-scale1 receives a knock "u 8 *91 & has 8 legs /raight5$ out4 ,!re walks up a man ) a cig>ette4 ,x is ! doctor1 & he1 )\t look+ into ! recruit's face1 b some:]e pa/ him1 loa?+ly t\*es 8 body1 & measures & feels1 & tells ! janitor to op5 ! recruit's m\? wide1 & comm&s him to brea! & to say some?+4 ,somebody makes "s notes4 ,f9ally1 )\t look+ once into 8 eyes1 ! doctor says1 ,able-bodi$6 ,next6 & ) a fatigu$ expression aga9 seats himself at ! table4 ,aga9 soldi]s pu% ! lad & hurry him (f4 ,he someh[ manages 9 8 hurry to pull ! %irt ov] him1 aft] miss+ ! sleeves1 someh[ puts on 8 tr\s]s & leg-rags1 draws on 8 boots1 looks = 8 %awl & cap1 grasps 8 fur coat1 & is l$ into ! hall1 :]e he is plac$ beh9d a b5*4 ,beyond ?is b5* wait all ! accept$ recruits4 ,a village lad1 l him1 b f a di/ant ,gov]nm5t1 a full-fl$g$ soldi] ) a gun1 ) a %>p bayonet atta*$ to x1 keeps wat* on him1 ready to run ! bayonet ?r\gh him1 if he %\ld ?9k ( runn+ away4 ,mean:ile ! cr[d ( fa!rs1 mo!rs1 wives1 pu%$ by ! policem51 press close to ! gate1 to f9d out :o is accept$1 & :o n4 ,!re appe>s "o ( ! reject$1 & he ann\nces t ,pet] has be5 accept$1 & !re is he>d ! wail ( ,pet]'s wife1 = :om ! ^w accept$ means a sep>ation ( f\r or five ye>s1 & ! life ( a soldi]'s wife z a cook1 9 debau*]y4 ,b j !n a long-hair$ man 9 a special attire1 :i* di/+ui%es him f all o!r m51 drives up &1 gett+ d[n f ! c>riage1 walks up to ! h\se ( ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil ,(fice4 ,! policem5 cle> a pa? = him ?r\gh ! cr[d4 ,! fa!r has come to adm9i/] ! oa?4 ,& ?is fa!r1 :o has be5 assur$ t he is a special1 exclusive s]vant ( ,*ri/1 :o = ! mo/ "p does n himself see ! deception "u :i* he is1 ent]s into ! room :]e ! accept$ recruits are wait+1 puts on a gold-embroid]$ apron1 draws 8 hair out f und]nea? x1 op5s ! v ,gospel 9 :i* tak+ an oa? is prohibit$1 lifts up a cross1 ! v cross on :i* ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ = n do+ :at ?is ,8 imag9>y s]vant ord]s to be done1 & puts x on ! pulpit1 & all ^! def5celess & deceiv$ lads repeat aft] him ! lie :i* he pron\nces boldly & by habit4 ,he reads1 & !y repeat aft] him3 ,i promise & swe> by ! ,almighty ,god1 be=e ,8 holy ,gospel 444 etc41 to def5d1 t is1 to kill all ^? :om ,i am comm&$ to kill1 & to d ev]y?+ ,i am ord]$ to d by ^? p :om ,i d n "k1 & :o ne$ me = no?+ else b t ,i %\ld commit ! evil de$s by :i* !y are kept 9 _! positions1 & by :i* !y oppress my bro!rs4 ,all ! accept$ recruits s5selessly repeat ^! wild words1 & ! s-call$ fa!r drives away ) ! consci\sness ( hav+ correctly & scrupul\sly done 8 duty1 & all ^! deceiv$ lads ?9k t all ^? insipid1 incompreh5sible words1 :i* !y h j pron\nc$1 h n[1 = ! :ole "t ( _! milit>y s]vice1 fre$ !m f _! human obligations & h b\nd !m to new1 m obligatory milit>y obligations4 ,& ?is is done publicly1 & no "o w %\t to ! deceiv]s & to ! deceiv$3 ,be?9k y\rselves & scatt]1 = ?is is ! base/ & meane/ lie1 :i* ru9s n only our bodies1 b also our s\ls4 ,no "o does s2 on ! contr>y1 :5 all are accept$1 & x becomes necess>y to let !m out1 ! milit>y *ief1 z ?\gh to scorn !m1 ent]s ) self-confid5t1 maje/ic mi5 into ! hall :]e ! deceiv$1 drunk5 lads are lock$ up1 & boldly exclaims to !m 9 milit>y fa%ion1 ,y\r heal?1 boys6 ,i congratulate y on y\r ,ts>'s s]vice4 ,& ! poor fell[s 7somebody has in/ruct$ !m :at to d7 babble some?+ ) an unaccu/om$1 half-intoxicat$ tongue to ! effect t !y are glad ( x4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! cr[d ( fa!rs1 mo!rs1 & wives /& at ! door & wait4 ,! wom5 look ) te>ful1 arre/$ eyes ?r\gh ! door4 ,& ! door op5s1 & out come1 /agg]+1 & ) a look ( bravado1 ! accept$ recruits1--,petrkha1 & ,vanykha1 & ,makr1--try+ n to look at _! relatives4 ,! wail ( ! mo!rs & wives is he>d4 ,"s embrace "o ano!r & weep2 o!rs try to look brave2 o!rs aga9 console _! p4 ,mo!rs & wives1 kn[+ t n[ !y w be orphan$ = ?ree1 f\r1 or five ye>s1 )\t a support]1 wail & lam5t at ! top ( _! voices4 ,! fa!rs d n speak mu*1 & only pitifully smack _! tongues & sigh1 kn[+ t n[ !y w no long] see _! help]s1 :om !y h rais$ & in/ruct$1 & t !re w return to !m1 n ^? peaceful1 indu/ri\s agriculturi/s t !y h be51 b g5]ally debau*$1 d&yi% soldi]s1 :o are no long] us$ to a simple life4 ,& n[ ! :ole cr[d take up seats 9 _! sleighs & />t d[n ! /reet1 9 ! direction ( inns & re/aurants1 & /ill l\d] are he>d1 int]f]+ ) "o ano!r1 songs1 sobs1 drunk5 %\ts1 ! lam5ts ( ! mo!rs & wives1 ! s\nds ( ! accordion1 & curses4 ,all make = saloons & re/aurants1 ! rev5ue f :i* goes to ! gov]nm5t1 & !y ab&on !mselves to intoxication1 :i* dr[ns 9 !m ! p]cept$ consci\sness ( ! illegality ( :at is be+ done to !m4 ,= two or ?ree weeks !y live at home1 & = ! mo/ "p are hav+ a good "t1 t is1 are out on a spree4 ,on a set day !y are collect$1 & driv5 l cattle to "o place1 & are taught milit>y me?ods & ex]cises4 ,!y are in/ruct$ by j su* deceiv$ & be/ializ$ m5 z !y1 :o ent]$ ! s]vice two or ?ree ye>s ago4 ,! means ( in/ruction are deception1 /upefaction1 kicks1 vdka4 ,& n a ye> passes b t spiritually s\nd1 bright1 good fell[s are turn$ into j su* wild be+s z _! tea*]s4 ,well1 & if ! prison]1 y\r fa!r1 runs away8 ,i ask$ a "y soldi]4 ,i c run ! bayonet ?r\gh him1 he repli$1 9 ! peculi>1 s5seless voice ( a soldi]4 ,& if he 'removes himself1' ,i mu/ %oot1 he add$1 app>5tly pr\d ( 8 k ( :at to d :5 8 fa!r removes himself4 ,:5 he1 ! good "y man1 is br\ght to a condition l[] ?an an animal1 he is su* z ^? :o use him z an in/rum5t ( viol5ce want him to be4 ,he is all ready3 ! man is lo/1 & a new in/rum5t ( viol5ce has be5 creat$4 ,& all ?is takes place e ye>1 e autumn1 ev]y:]e1 9 ! :ole ( ,russia1 9 broad daylight1 9 a popul\s city1 9 ! sight ( all m51 & ! deception is s clev]1 s cunn+1 t all see x & 9 ! dep? ( _! he>ts "k all its bas5ess1 all its t]rible consequ5ces1 & are unable to free !mselves f x4 #c ,:5 ! eyes %all be op5$ to ?is t]rible deception :i* is practis$ on m51 "o mu/ m>vel h[ prea*]s ( ! religion ( ,*ri/ianity & morality1 educators ( y\?1 simply good1 intellig5t p>5ts1 :o always exi/ 9 e society1 c prea* any doctr9e ( morality amid/ a society 9 :i* all ! *ur*es & gov]nm5ts op5ly ackn[l$ge t tortures & murd]s =m an indisp5sable condition ( ! life ( all m51 & t amid/ all m5 !re mu/ always be "s special m51 :o are prep>$ to kill _! bro!rs1 & t e "o ( u may be su*4 ,h[ c *ildr5 & y\?s be taught & m5 9 g5]al be enlight5$1 to say no?+ ( ! enlight5m5t 9 ! ,*ri/ian _s1 h[ c !y be taught any morality by ! side ( ! doctr9e t murd] is indisp5sable = ! ma9t5ance ( ! common1 consequ5tly ( our own1 well-be+1 & s is legitimate1 & t !re are m5 7any ( u may be ^! m57 ^: duty x is to torture & kill our neighb\rs & to commit all k9ds ( crime at ! w ( ^? :o h ! p[] 9 _! h&s8 ,if x is possible & "r to torture & kill & commit all k9ds ( crimes by ! w ( ^? :o h ! p[] 9 _! h&s1 !re is1 & !re c be1 no moral tea*+1 b !re is only ! "r ( ! /rong]4 ,& s x is4 ,9 reality1 su* a tea*+1 :i* = "s m5 is !oretically ju/ifi$ by ! !ory ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 does exi/ 9 our society4 ,really1 :at k9d ( a moral tea*+ c !re be1 :i* w\ld admit murd] = any purposes :atsoev]8 ,?is is z impossible z any ma!matical doctr9e1 :i* w\ld admit t two is equal to ?ree4 ,) ! admission ( ! fact t two is equal to ?ree !re may be a semblance ( ma!matics1 b !re c be no real ma!matical k4 ,) ! admission ( murd] 9 ! =m ( executions1 w>s1 self-def5ce1 !re may be a semblance ( morality1 b no real morality4 ,! recognition ( ! sacr$ness ( e man's life is ! fir/ & only f\ndation ( all morality4 ,! doctr9e ( an eye = an eye1 a too? = a too?1 a life = a life 0 put aside by ,*ri/ianity = ! v reason t ?is doctr9e is only a ju/ification ( immorality1 only a semblance ( ju/ice1 & is devoid ( s5se4 ,life is a quantity :i* has no weight & no measure & :i* _c be equaliz$ to any o!r1 & s ! de/ruction ( "o life = ano!r c h no mean+4 ,besides1 e social law is a law :i* has = its purpose ! improvem5t ( human life4 ,b 9 :at way c ! de/ruction ( ! lives ( a few individuals improve ! lives ( m58 ,! de/ruction ( life is n l its improvem5t1 b an act ( suicide4 ,! de/ruction ( ano!r man's life = ! purpose ( pres]v+ ju/ice is l :at a man w\ld d :o1 to m5d ! calamity :i* consi/s 9 8 hav+ lo/ "o arm1 %\ld = ! sake ( ju/ice cut (f 8 o!r arm4 ,b1 to say no?+ ( ! s9 ( deception1 ) :i* ! mo/ t]rible crime pres5ts itself to m5 z _! duty2 to say no?+ ( ! t]rible crime ( us+ ,*ri/'s "n & au?ority = ! purpose ( legaliz+ :at is mo/ d5i$ by ?is same ,*ri/1 z is done 9 ! case ( ! oa?2 to say no?+ ( ! (f5ce by means ( :i* n only ! bodies1 b ev5 ! s\ls ( ^! little ones are ru9$2 to say no?+ ( all t1 h[ c m51 ev5 9 view ( _! p]sonal security1 m5 :o ?9k highly ( _! =ms ( life1 _! progress1 admit ! =mation among !m ( t t]rible1 s5seless1 cruel1 p]nici\s =ce :i* is e/abli%$ by e organiz$ gov]nm5t t re/s on ! army8 ,! mo/ cruel & t]rible ( robb] b&s is n s t]rible z su* a /ate organization4 ,e lead] ( robb]s is none ! less limit$ 9 8 p[]1 because ! m5 :o =m 8 b& reta9 at lea/ a small "p ( _! human lib]ty & may oppose ! p]=mance ( acts contr>y to _! consci5ce4 ,b = m5 =m+ a "p ( a regul>ly organiz$ gov]nm5t ) an army1 ) discipl9e c>ri$ to ! po9t to :i* x is at ! pres5t "t1 !re are no b>ri]s :atsoev]4 ,!re are no crimes s t]rible t !y w\ld n be committ$ by m5 =m+ a "p ( ! gov]nm5t & ( ! army1 by ! w ( him :o accid5tally 7,b\lang]1 ,puga*v1 ,napoleon7 may /& at its head4 ,frequ5tly1 :5 ,i see1 n only ! levies ( recruits1 ! milit>y ex]cises1 ! manuvres1 b also ! policem5 ) load$ revolv]s1 ! s5tries /&+ ) guns & adju/$ bayonets2 :5 ,i he> 7z ,i d 9 ! ,khamvniki1 :]e ,i live7 = :ole days ! :i/l+ & ! p++ ( bullets /rik+ ! t>get2 & :5 ,i see1 9 ! v city :]e e attempt at self-help & viol5ce is prohibit$1 :]e !re is a prohibition aga9/ ! sale ( p[d]1 m$ic9es1 fa/ driv+1 unlic5s$ m$ical practice1 & s =?1 :5 ,i see 9 ?is same city ?\s&s ( discipl9$ m51 :o h be5 taught to commit murd] & :o are subject to "o man1--,i ask myself3 ,h[ c ! m5 :o ?9k s highly ( _! security be> all ?is8 ,to say no?+ ( ! h>mfulness & immorality1 no?+ c be m dang]\s ?an ?is4 ,h[ c all m51 ,i d n say ,*ri/ians1 ,*ri/ian pa/ors1 b all philan?ropi/s1 morali/s1 all ^? m5 :o value _! lives1 _! security1 _! well-be+1 quietly look on8 ,?is organization w c]ta9ly act 9 ! same way1 no matt] 9 ^: h&s x may be3 to-day1 let u say1 ?is p[] is 9 ! h&s ( an endurable rul]2 to-morr[ a ,biron1 an ,elizabe?1 a ,ca!r9e1 a ,puga*v1 a ,napoleon ! ,fir/1 a ,napoleon ! ,?ird may usurp x4 ,& aga91 ! man 9 ^: h&s is ! p[]1 & :o to-day may be endurable1 may to-morr[ turn into a bea/1 or 8 place may be tak5 by an insane or half-witt$ heir ( 81 z 0 ! case ) ! ,k+ ( ,bav>ia & ,paul4 ,& n only ^! high] rul]s1 b also all ^? m9or satraps1 :o are di/ribut$ ev]y:]e l s _m ,b>novs1 *iefs ( police1 ev5 rural (fic]s1 comm&]s ( companies1 "u-(fic]s1 may commit t]rible crimes be=e !re has be5 "t to depose !m1 z happ5s con/antly4 ,involunt>ily "o asks himself3 ,h[ c m5 p]mit su* ?+s to happ51 if n = ! sake ( high] consid]ations ( /ate1 at lea/ = ! sake ( _! security8 ,! answ] to ?is "q is ?is1 t x is n all m5 :o p]mit ?is to happ5 7"o "p ( !m1--! great majority ( m51--! deceiv$ & ! subject$1 _c help b p]mit any?+ to be done71 b ^? :o ) su* an organization hold an advantage\s position2 !y p]mit x1 because = !m ! risk ( suff]+1 because at ! head ( ! gov]nm5t or ! army !re may be a s5seless or cruel man1 is always less ?an ! disadvantages to :i* !y w\ld be subject$ 9 case ( ! de/ruction ( ! organization itself4 ,! judge1 policeman1 gov]nor1 (fic] w hold 8 position equally "u ,b\lang]1 or a republic1 or ,puga*v or ,ca!r9e2 b he w c]ta9ly lose 8 position1 if ! exi/+ ord]1 :i* secures = him 8 advantage\s position1 falls to pieces4 ,& s all ^! m5 are n afraid ( :o w /& at ! head ( ! organization ( viol5ce1--!y adapt !mselves to anybody1--b only ( ! de/ruction ( ! organization itself1 & s !y always support x1 (t5 unconsci\sly4 ,"o (t5 m>vels :y free m51 :o are n urg$ to x by any?+1 ! s-call$ fl[] ( society1 ent] ! army1 9 ,russia1 9 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 ev5 ,france1 & :y !y seek an opportunity = becom+ murd]]s4 ,:y d p>5ts1 moral m51 s5d _! *ildr5 to in/itutions :i* prep>e !m = milit>y matt]s8 ,:y d mo!rs buy _! *ildr5 helmets1 guns1 swords z _! fav\rite toys8 7,! *ildr5 ( peasants nev] play soldi]47 ,:y d good m51 & ev5 wom51 :o are 9 no way connect$ ) milit>y affairs1 g into ec/asies ov] ! exploits ( a ,skobelvski & ( o!rs1 & :y d !y take s mu* pa9s to praise !m8 ,:y d m51 :o are n urg$ to d s1 :o d n receive any sal>y = x1 l ! m>%als ( nobility 9 ,russia1 devote :ole mon?s ( assidu\s "w to p]=m+ a physically h>d & morally agoniz+ piece ( bus9ess1--! reception ( recruits8 ,:y d all ! emp]ors & k+s we> milit>y co/umes1 att5d manuvres & p>ades1 di/ribute rew>ds to soldi]s1 erect monum5ts to g5]als & conqu]ors8 ,:y d free1 weal?y m5 consid] x an hon\r to p]=m lackeys' duties to cr[n$ heads1 :y d !y humble !mselves1 & flatt] !m1 & pret5d t !y believe 9 ! special gr&eur ( ^! p]sons8 ,:y d m51 :o h long ago /opp$ believ+ 9 ! m$ival sup]/itions ( ! *ur*1 & :o are unable to believe 9 !m1 s]i\sly & inv>iably pret5d t !y believe1 ?us ma9ta9+ ! (f5sive & blasphem\s religi\s in/itution8 ,:y is ! ignorance ( ! masses s zeal\sly gu>d$1 n only by ! gov]nm5ts1 b also by ! free m5 f ! high] classes8 ,:y d !y ) su* fury attack e attempt at de/roy+ ! religi\s sup]/itions1 & e true enlight5m5t ( ! masses8 ,:y d m51--hi/orians1 noveli/s1 poets1--:o c c]ta9ly receive no?+ = _! flatt]y1 describe z h]oes long deceas$ emp]ors1 k+s1 or g5]als8 ,:y d m5 :o call !mselves le>n$ devote _! :ole lives to ! =mation ( !ories1 f :i* x foll[s t viol5ce :i* is ex]t$ by ! p[] aga9/ ! nation is n viol5ce1 b "s especial "r8 ,"o (t5 m>vels :y1 = :at reason a lady ( ! _w or an arti/1 :o1 x w\ld seem1 is int]e/$ nei!r 9 social1 nor 9 milit>y que/ions1 condemns lab\r /rikes & prea*es w>1 & always def9itely attacks "o side & def5ds ! o!r8 ,b "o m>vels at ?is only s long z "o does n "k t ?is is all done s because all ! m5 ( ! rul+ classes feel in/9ctively :at x is t ma9ta9s & :at de/roys ! organization "u :i* !y c enjoy ! privileges !y are enjoy+4 ,! lady ( ! _w has n ev5 made ! reflection t1 if !re are no capitali/s1 & no armies to def5d !m1 h] husb& w h no money1 & %e w h no salon & no co/umes2 & ! arti/ has n made ! reflection z to ?is1 t he ne$s ! capitali/s1 :o are protect$ by ! armies1 to buy 8 pictures2 b ! in/9ct1 :i* 9 ?is case takes ! place ( reason1 guides !m un]r+ly4 ,x is precisely ! same in/9ct t ) few exceptions guides all ^? m5 :o support all ^? political1 religi\s1 economic e/abli%m5ts1 :i* are advantage\s to !m4 ,b c ! m5 ( ! upp] classes ma9ta9 ?is ord] ( ?+s1 only because x is advantage\s = !m8 ,^! m5 _c help b see t ?is ord] ( ?+s is 9 itself irrational1 no long] corresponds to ! degree ( m5's consci\sness1 n ev5 to public op9ion1 & is full ( dang]s4 ,! m5 ( ! rul+ classes--! hone/1 good1 clev] m5 among !m--_c help b suff] f ^! int]nal contradictions1 & _c help b see ! dang]s ) :i* ?is ord] ?reat5s !m4 ,is x possible ! m5 ( ! l[] classes1 all ! millions ( ^! p1 c ) a calm consci5ce p]=m all ^! obvi\sly bad acts1 tortures1 & murd]s1 :i* !y are compell$ to p]=m1 only because !y are afraid ( puni%m5t8 ,inde$1 t c\ld n h be51 & nei!r ! m5 ( ! "o class nor ( ! o!r c\ld help b see ! irrationality ( _! activity1 if ! peculi>ity ( ! /ate /ructure did n conceal f !m ! :ole unnaturalness & irrationality ( ! acts committ$ by !m4 ,?is irrationality is conceal$ by ! fact t 9 ! commission ( ea* ( ^! acts !re are s _m in/igators1 accomplices1 abettors1 t n "o ( ! m5 tak+ "p 9 x feels himself to be morally responsible4 ,murd]]s compel all ! p]sons :o are pres5t at a murd] to /rike ! dead victim1 s t ! responsibility may be di/ribut$ among ! l>ge/ possible numb] ( m54 ,! same ?+1 hav+ assum$ def9ite =ms1 has e/abli%$ itself 9 ! /ructure ( ! /ate 9 ! commission ( all ^? crimes1 )\t ! con/ant commission ( :i* no /ate organization is ?9kable4 ,! rul]s ( ! /ate always try to draw z l>ge a numb] ( citiz5s z possible into ! greate/ possible p>ticipation 9 all ! crimes committ$ by !m & indisp5sable = !m4 ,( late ?is has f\nd a mo/ lucid expression 9 ! draft+ ( ! citiz5s into ! c\rts 9 ! =m ( jurors1 into ! armies 9 ! =m ( soldi]s1 & into ! local gov]nm5t & into ! legislative assembly 9 ! =m ( electors & repres5tatives4 ,9 ! /ructure ( ! /ate1 9 :i*1 z 9 a basket made ( rods1 all ! ends are s conceal$ t x is n possible to f9d !m1 ! responsibility = crimes committ$ is s conceal$ f m5 t !y1 9 committ+ ! mo/ awful de$s1 d n see _! own responsibility 9 !m4 ,9 old5 times ! tyrants 7 blam$ = ! commission ( evil de$s1 b 9 our "t mo/ awful crimes1 un?9kable ev5 9 ! "t ( a ,n]o1 are committ$1 & !re is no "o to blame4 ,"s m5 dem&$1 o!rs decre$1 o!rs aga9 confirm$1 o!rs propos$1 o!rs report$1 o!rs prescrib$1 o!rs execut$4 ,wom51 old m51 innoc5t p1 are kill$1 hang$1 flogg$ to dea?1 z lately happ5$ 9 ,russia 9 ! ,yzov ,plant1 & z happ5s ev]y:]e 9 ,europe & 9 ,am]ica1 9 ! /ruggle ) an>*i/s & all k9ds ( violators ( ! exi/+ ord]2 hundr$s1 ?\s&s ( m5 w be %ot to dea?1 kill$1 & hang$1 or1 z is done 9 w>s1 millions ( m5 w be kill$ or ru9$1 or1 z is con/antly done1 ! s\ls ( m5 are ru9$ 9 solit>y conf9em5t1 9 ! debau*$ condition ( milit>ism1--& no "o is to blame4 ,on ! l[e/ /age ( ! social ladd]1 soldi]s ) guns1 pi/ols1 swords1 torture & kill m51 & ) ! same tortures & murd]s compel m5 to ent] ! army1 & are fully conv9c$ t ! responsibility = ^! acts is tak5 f !m by ^? au?orities :o prescribe ^! acts to !m4 ,on ! highe/ /age1 k+s1 presid5ts1 m9i/]s1 ,*amb]s1 prescribe ^! tortures & murd]s & ! enli/m5t ( soldi]s1 & are fully conv9c$ t1 s9ce !y are put into _! places by ,god1 or s9ce ! society :i* !y rule ov] dem&s f !m precisely :at !y prescribe1 !y _c be blam$4 ,9 ! middle betwe5 ! two are ! int]m$iate p]sons1 :o ord] ! tortures & murd]s & ! enli/m5t ( soldi]s1 & !y are fully conv9c$ t _! responsibility has be5 tak5 f !m1 p>tly by ! comm&s f above1 & p>tly because ! same ord]s are dem&$ ( !m by all ^? :o /& on ! l[] /ages4 ,! adm9i/rative & ! executive p[]s1 :i* lie at ! two extremes ( ! /ructure ( ! /ate1 meet l two ends t are unit$ into a r+1 & "o conditions & ma9ta9s ! o!r & all ! int]v5+ l9ks4 ,)\t ! conviction t !re exi/s su* a p]son1 or su* a numb] ( p]sons1 :o take ^u !mselves ! responsibility = ! acts committ$1 n "o soldi] w\ld be able to raise 8 h&s = ! purpose ( tortur+ or kill+4 ,)\t ! conviction t ?is is dem&$ by ! :ole nation1 n "o emp]or1 k+1 presid5t1 n "o assembly w\ld be able to prescribe ^! same tortures & murd]s4 ,)\t ! conviction t !re are p]sons :o /& above him & take ^u !mselves ! responsibility = 8 act1 & m5 :o /& bel[ him & dem& ! fulfilm5t ( su* acts = _! own good1 n "o ( ! m5 :o /& on ! /ages int]m$iate betwe5 ! rul] & ! soldi] w\ld be able to commit ^? acts :i* he is committ+4 ,! /ructure ( ! /ate is su* t1 no matt] on :at rung ( ! social ladd] a man may /&1 8 degree ( irresponsibility is always "o & ! same3 ! high] he /&s1 ! m is he subject$ to ! influ5ce ( ! dem& = ord]s f bel[ & ! less he is subject$ to ! influ5ce ( ! prescriptions f above1 & vice v]sa4 ,?us1 9 ! case be=e me1 e "o :o _h tak5 "p 9 ! matt] 0 ! m "u ! influ5ce ( ! dem& = ord]s f bel[ & ! less "u ! influ5ce ( prescriptions f above1 ! high] 8 position 01 & vice v]sa4 ,b n only d all m5 :o are connect$ ) ! /ructure ( ! /ate %ift _! responsibility = de$s committ$ ^u o!rs3 ! peasant :o is draft$ into ! army1 ^u ! nobleman or m]*ant :o has become an (fic]2 & ! (fic]1 ^u ! nobleman :o holds ! position ( gov]nor2 & ! gov]nor1 ^u ! son ( an (ficial or nobleman :o occupies ! position ( m9i/]2 & ! m9i/]1 ^u a memb] ( ! imp]ial h\se :o holds ! position ( emp]or2 & ! emp]or aga91 ^u all ^! (ficials1 noblem51 m]*ants1 & peasants2 n only d m5 9 ?is mann] free !mselves f ! consci\sness ( responsibility = acts committ$ by !m1--!y ev5 lose ! moral consci\sness ( _! responsibility = ?is o!r reason1 t1 unit+ into a political /ructure1 !y s con/antly1 cont9u\sly1 & t5sely conv9ce !mselves & o!rs t !y are n all id5tical m51 b m5 :o diff] f "o ano!r z does "o /> f ano!r1 t !y beg9 !mselves s9c]ely to believe s4 ,?us !y conv9ce "o set ( m5 t !y are n simple m51 id5tical ) o!rs1 b a special k9d ( m51 :o h to be hon\r$1 :ile !y impress o!rs ) ! idea t !y /& b5ea? all o!r m5 & s mu/ unfl9*+ly submit to :at !y are comm&$ to d by _! sup]iors4 ,on ?is inequality & exaltation ( "o class ( m5 & ! annihilation ( ! o!r is ma9ly bas$ ! inability ( m5 to see ! irrationality ( ! exi/+ ord] & its cruelty & crim9ality1 & ( t deception :i* is practis$ by "s & to :i* ! o!rs submit4 ,"s1 ^? :o are impress$ ) ! idea t !y are ve/$ ) "s sup]natural significance & gr&eur1 are s intoxicat$ by ?is imag9>y gr&eur t !y /op see+ _! responsibility 9 ! acts committ$ by !m2 ! o!r m51 :o1 on ! contr>y1 are impress$ ) ! idea t !y are insignificant creatures1 :o mu/ 9 ev]y?+ submit to ! high]1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is con/ant condition ( humiliation fall into a /range condition ( intoxication ( s]vility1 & "u ! influ5ce ( _! intoxication also fail to see ! significance ( _! acts1 & lose ! consci\sness ( _! responsibility = !m4 ,! int]m$iate p1 :o1 p>tly submitt+ to ! high]1 & p>tly consid]+ !mselves to be sup]ior1 succumb simultane\sly to ! intoxication ( p[] & t ( s]vility1 & s lose ! consci\sness ( _! responsibility4 ,we ne$ b look 9 any c\ntry at a sup]ior *ief1 intoxicat$ by 8 gr&eur1 accompani$ by 8 /aff1 all ( !m on magnific5tly cap>ison$ horses1 9 special uni=ms & signs ( di/9ction1 z he1 to ! s\nd ( ! h>moni\s & fe/ive music produc$ by w9d-in/rum5ts1 rides pa/ a l9e ( soldi]s /iff5$ up f a s5se ( s]vility & pres5t+ arms1--we ne$ b look at him1 9 ord] t we may und]/& t at ^! mom5ts ! highe/ *ief & ! soldi] & all ! int]m$iate p]sons1 be+ 9 a /ate ( intoxication1 are equally capable ( committ+ acts :i* !y w\ld n ?9k ( committ+ "u o!r circum/ances4 ,b ! intoxication exp]i5c$ by m5 "u su* ph5om5a z are p>ades1 imp]ial receptions1 *ur* solemnities1 coronations1 is a tempor>y & acute condition2 !re are also o!r1 *ronic1 con/ant conditions ( intoxication1 :i* are equally exp]i5c$ by all m5 :o h any p[]1 f ! p[] ( ! emp]or to t ( a policeman 9 ! /reet1 & by m5 :o submit to p[] & :o are 9 a condition ( intoxication ?r\gh s]vility1 & :o 9 ju/ification ( ?is _! condition always ascribe1 z has always %[n itself 9 ! case ( slaves1 ! greate/ significance & dignity to him :om !y obey4 ,on ?is deception ( ! inequality ( m5 & ! result+ intoxication ( p[] & ( s]vility is pre-em95tly bas$ ! ability ( m5 unit$ into a political /ructure to commit1 )\t exp]i5c+ any pangs ( consci5ce1 acts :i* are contr>y to _! consci5ce4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( su* an intoxication1 bo? ( p[] & ( s]vility1 m5 pres5t !mselves to !mselves & to o!rs1 n z :at !y are 9 reality1--m51--b z especial1 conv5tional be+s1--noblem51 m]*ants1 gov]nors1 judges1 (fic]s1 k+s1 m9i/]s1 soldi]s1 :o no long] are subject to common human obligations1 b1 above all else1 & be=e all human1 to nobili>y1 comm]cial1 gub]natorial1 judicial1 milit>y1 royal1 m9i/]ial obligations4 ,?us1 ! proprietor :o litigat$ conc]n+ ! =e/ did :at he did only because he did n pres5t himself to himself z a simple man1 l any ( ! peasants :o 7 liv+ by 8 side1 b z a l>ge l&$ proprietor & a memb] ( ! g5try1 & s1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! intoxication ( p[]1 he felt himself insult$ by ! pret5sions ( ! peasants4 ,x 0 only = ?is reason t1 )\t pay+ any att5tion to ! consequ5ces :i* might arise f 8 dem&1 he h&$ 9 ! petition reque/+ ! re/itution ( 8 imag9>y "r4 ,simil>ly1 ! judges :o irregul>ly adjudg$ ! =e/ to ! proprietor did s only because !y d n imag9e !mselves to be simple m51 j l all o!r m51 & s "u obligation 9 all cases to be guid$ only by :at is ! tru?1 b "u ! intoxication ( p[] !y imag9e !mselves to be ! gu>dians ( ju/ice1 :o _c err2 b "u ! influ5ce ( ! intoxication ( s]vility !y imag9e !mselves to be m5 :o are oblig$ to c>ry out c]ta9 words :i* are writt5 9 a c]ta9 book & are call$ ! law4 ,z j su* conv5tional p]sons1 & n z :at !y are 9 reality1 pres5t !mselves1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! intoxication ( p[] & ( s]vility1 to !mselves & to o!rs1 all ! o!r p>ticipants 9 ?is matt]1 f ! highe/ repres5tatives ( p[]1 :o sign _! approval on docum5ts1 f ! m>%al1 :o drafts recruits at ! levy ( soldi]s1 & ! prie/1 :o deceives !m1 to ! la/ soldi]1 :o is n[ gett+ ready to %oot at 8 bro!rs4 ,!y all did :at !y did1 & are prep>+ !mselves to d :at awaits !m1 only because !y pres5t !mselves to !mselves & to o!rs1 n z :at !y are 9 reality1--m5 :o are confront$ ) ! "q z to :e!r !y %\ld take "p 9 a matt] :i* is condemn$ by _! consci5ce1 or n1--b z diff]5t conv5tional p]sons1--"o1 z an ano9t$ k+1 a special be+1 :o is call$ ^u to c>e = ! well-be+ ( "o hundr$ million m52 ano!r1 z a repres5tative ( nobility2 a ?ird1 z a prie/1 :o ) 8 orda9m5t has receiv$ a special grace2 a f\r?1 z a soldi]1 :o is oblig$ by 8 oa? to fulfil )\t reflection :at he is comm&$ to d4 ,only "u ! influ5ce ( ! intoxication ( p[] & s]vility1 :i* result f _! imag9>y positions1 c all ^! m5 d :at !y d4 ,if all ^! m5 did n h a firm conviction t ! call+s ( k+s1 m9i/]s1 gov]nors1 judges1 noblem51 l&$ proprietors1 m>%als1 (fic]s1 soldi]s1 are some?+ actually 9 exi/5ce & v important1 n "o ( ^! m5 w\ld ?9k )\t t]ror & disgu/ ( p>ticipat+ 9 ! acts :i* he is committ+ n[4 ,! conv5tional positions1 :i* 7 e/abli%$ hundr$s ( ye>s ago1 :i* h be5 recogniz$ ?r\gh ! ages1 & :i* are n[ recogniz$ by all m5 ab\t u1 & :i* are designat$ by especial names & p>ticul> attires1 & :i*1 besides1 are ma9ta9$ by means ( e k9d ( magnific5ce & effects on ! out] s5ses1 are to su* a degree in/ill$ 9 p t !y1 =gett+ ! habitual conditions ( life1 common to all1 beg9 to look ^u !mselves & ^u all m5 only f ?is conv5tional po9t ( view1 & are guid$ by no?+ b ?is conv5tional po9t ( view 9 ! valuation ( o!r m5's acts4 ,?us a m5tally s\nd old man1 = no o!r reason ?an t "s tr9ket or fool's dress is put ov] him1 "s keys on 8 buttocks1 or a blue ribbon1 :i* is prop] only = a dress$-up little girl1 & t he is on t occasion impress$ ) ! idea t he is a g5]al1 a *amb]la91 a ,cavali] ( ,/4 ,&rews1 or "s su* sill9ess1 sudd5ly becomes self-confid5t1 pr\d1 & ev5 happy2 or1 on ! contr>y1 because he loses or does n receive a desir$ tr9ket or "n1 becomes s sad & unhappy t he ev5 gr[s sick4 ,or1 :at is ev5 m />tl+1 an o!rwise m5tally s\nd1 free1 & ev5 well-to-d "y man1 = no o!r reason ?an t he calls himself1 & o!rs call him1 an inve/igat+ magi/rate or ,c\nty ,c\ncil *ief1 seizes an un=tunate wid[ away f h] m9or *ildr51 & locks h] up1 or has h] lock$ up 9 a prison1 leav+ h] *ildr5 )\t a "m1 & all t because ?is un=tunate woman secretly traffick$ 9 liquor & ?us depriv$ ! ,cr[n ( tw5ty-five r\bles ( rev5ue1 & he does n feel ! lea/ compunction ab\t x4 ,or1 :at is ev5 m />tl+1 an o!rwise intellig5t & meek man1 only because a brass plate or a uni=m is put on him & he is told t he is a wat*man or a cu/oms soldi]1 beg9s to %oot ) bullets at m51 & nei!r he nor ^? :o surr\nd him consid] him blamewor?y = x1 & w\ld ev5 blame him if he did n %oot2 ,i d n ev5 speak ( ! judges & jurors1 :o s5t5ce to executions1 & ( ! milit>y1 :o kill ?\s&s )\t ! lea/ compunction1 only because !y h be5 impress$ ) ! idea t !y are n simply m51 b jurors1 judges1 g5]als1 soldi]s4 ,su* a con/ant1 unnatural1 & /range condition ( m5 9 ! life ( ! /ate is g5]ally express$ 9 words z foll[s3 ,z a man ,i pity him1 b z a wat*man1 judge1 g5]al1 gov]nor1 k+1 soldi]1 ,i mu/ kill or torture him1 z ?\gh !re c exi/ a giv5 position1 ackn[l$g$ by m51 :i* c make void duties :i* are impos$ ^u ea* ( u by a man's position4 ,?us1 = example1 9 ! pres5t case1 m5 are travell+ to commit murd] & tortures on hungry p1 & !y recognize t 9 ! dispute betwe5 ! peasants & ! proprietor ! peasants are 9 ! "r 7all m5 9 au?ority told me s71 & "k t ! peasants are un=tunate1 poor1 & hungry2 ! proprietor is ri* & does n inspire sympa?y1 & all ^! m5 none ! less are on _! way to kill ! peasants1 9 ord] ?us to secure ?ree ?\s& r\bles to ! proprietor1 = no o!r reason ?an t ^! m5 at ?is mom5t d n consid] !mselves to be m51 b a gov]nor1 a g5]al ( g5d>mes1 an (fic]1 a soldi]1 & ?9k t n ! et]nal dem&s ( _! consci5ces1 b ! accid5tal1 tempor>y dem&s ( _! positions z (fic]s & soldi]s are b9d+ on !m4 ,h[ev] /range ?is may seem1 ! only explanation = ?is rem>kable ph5om5on is ?is1 t ^! m5 are 9 ! same position z ^? hypnotiz$ p]sons :o are comm&$ to imag9e & feel !mselves 9 c]ta9 conv5tional positions1 & to act l ^? be+s :om !y repres5t2 ?us1 = example1 :5 a hypnotiz$ p]son receives ! sugge/ion t he is lame1 he beg9s to limp1 or t he is bl9d1 he does n see1 or t he is an animal1 he beg9s to bite4 ,9 ?is /ate are n only ! m5 :o are travell+ on ?is tra91 b also all m5 :o pref]ably p]=m _! social & _! political duties1 to ! disadvantage ( _! human duties4 ,! ess5ce ( ?is condition is ?is1 t ! m5 "u ! influ5ce ( ! "o idea sugge/$ to !m are n able to reflect ^u _! acts1 & s d1 )\t any reflection1 :at is prescrib$ to !m 9 correspond5ce ) ! sugge/$ idea1 & :at !y are l$ up to ?r\gh example1 advice1 or h9ts4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^? :o are hypnotiz$ by artificial means & ^? :o are "u ! influ5ce ( ! political sugge/ion consi/s 9 ?is1 t to ! artificially hypnotiz$ _! imag9>y condition is sugge/$ at once1 by "o p]son1 & = ! briefe/ space ( "t1 & s ! sugge/ion pres5ts itself to u 9 a gl>+ =m1 :i* sets u to wond]+1 :ile to ! m5 :o act "u ! political sugge/ion _! imag9>y position is sugge/$ by degrees1 sl[ly1 imp]ceptibly1 f *ildhood1 at times n only 9 a c]ta9 numb] ( ye>s1 b ?r\gh :ole g5]ations1 &1 besides1 is n sugge/$ by "o p]son1 b by all ^? :o surr\nd !m4 ,b1 ,i %all be told1 9 all societies ! majority ( m51--all ! *ildr51 all ! wom51 :o are absorb$ 9 ! lab\r ( pregnancy1 *ild-be>+1 & nurs+1 all ! enorm\s masses ( ! work+ p1 :o are plac$ "u ! necessity ( t5se & assidu\s physical lab\r1 all ! m5tally weak by nature1 all abnormal m5 ) a weak5$ spiritual activity 9 consequ5ce ( nicot9e1 alcohol1 & opium poison+1 or = "s o!r reason1--all ^! m5 are always 9 su* a condition t1 n be+ able to reason indep5d5tly1 !y submit ei!r to ^? m5 :o /& on a high] /age ( rational consci\sness1 or to family & political traditions1 to :at is call$ public op9ion1 & 9 ?is submission !re is no?+ unnatural or contradictory4 ,&1 inde$1 !re is no?+ unnatural 9 x1 & ! ability ( un?9k+ p to submit to ! indications ( m5 /&+ on a high] /age ( consci\sness is a con/ant prop]ty ( m51 t prop]ty 9 consequ5ce ( :i* m51 submitt+ to ! same rational pr9ciples1 are able to live 9 societies3 "s1--! m9ority1--by consci\sly submitt+ to ! same rational pr9ciples1 on acc\nt ( _! agreem5t ) ! dem&s ( _! reason2 ! o!rs1--! majority1--by submitt+ unconsci\sly to ! same pr9ciples1 only because ^! dem&s h become ! public op9ion4 ,su* a subjection ( ! un?9k+ to public op9ion pres5ts no?+ unnatural s long z ! public op9ion is n split up4 ,b !re are times :5 ! high] tru?1 z comp>$ ) ! =m] degree ( ! consci\sness ( ! tru?1 :i* at fir/ is reveal$ to a few m51 9 pass+ by degrees f "o set to ano!r1 embraces su* a l>ge numb] ( m5 t ! =m] public op9ion1 :i* is bas$ on a l[] /age ( consci\sness1 beg9s to wav]1 & ! new is ready to e/abli% itself1 b is n yet e/abli%$4 ,!re are times1 resembl+ spr+1 :5 ! old public op9ion has n yet be5 de/roy$ & ! new is n yet e/abli%$1 & :5 m5 beg9 to criticize _! own acts & ^? ( o!rs on ! basis ( ! new consci\sness1 & yet 9 life1 f in]tia1 f tradition1 cont9ue to submit to pr9ciples :i* only 9 =m] times =m$ ! high] degree ( rational consci\sness1 b :i* n[ are already 9 an obvi\s contradiction to x4 ,& !n ! m51 feel+1 on ! "o h&1 ! necessity ( submitt+ to ! new public op9ion1 & n d>+1 on ! o!r1 to dep>t f ! =m]1 f9d !mselves 9 an unnatural1 wav]+ /ate4 ,x is 9 su* a condition t1 9 relation to ! ,*ri/ian tru?s1 are n only ! m5 on ?is tra91 b also ! majority ( ! m5 ( our "t4 ,9 ! same condition are equally ! m5 ( ! high] classes1 :o enjoy exclusive1 advantage\s positions1 & ! m5 ( ! l[] classes1 :o )\t opposition obey :at !y are comm&$ to obey4 ,"s1 ! m5 ( ! rul+ classes1 :o no long] possess any rational explanation = ! advantage\s positions held by !m1 are put to ! necessity1 = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ ^! positions1 ( suppress+ 9 !mselves ! high] rational faculties ( love & ( impress+ ^u !mselves ! necessity = _! exclusive position2 ! o!rs1 ! l[] classes1 :o are oppress$ by lab\r & purposely /upefi$1 are 9 a con/ant /ate ( sugge/ion1 :i* is unfl9*+ly & con/antly produc$ on !m by ! m5 ( ! high] classes4 ,only ?us c be expla9$ ^? rem>kable ph5om5a ) :i* our life is fill$1 & z a /rik+ example ( :i* !re pres5t$ !mselves to me my good1 peaceful acqua9tances1 :om ,i met on ,septemb] #i?1 & :o ) peace ( m9d 7 travell+ to commit a mo/ bea/ly1 s5seless1 & base crime4 ,if ! consci5ces ( ^! m5 _h n be5 9 "s way put to sleep1 n "o ( !m w\ld be able to d "o hundr$? "p ( :at !y are gett+ ready to d1 &1 9 all probability1 w d4 ,x _c be said t !y d n h ! consci5ce :i* =bids !m to d :at !y are ab\t to d1 z !re 0 no su* consci5ce 9 m5 f\r hundr$1 ?ree hundr$1 two hundr$1 "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 !y burn$ p at ! /ake1 tortur$ p1 & flogg$ !m to dea?2 x exi/s 9 all ^! m51 b x is put to sleep 9 !m1--9 "s1 ! rul+ m51 :o are 9 exclusive1 advantage\s positions1 by means ( auto-sugge/ion1 z ! psy*iat]s call x2 9 ! o!rs1 ! executors1 ! soldi]s by a direct1 consci\s sugge/ion1 hypnotization1 produc$ by ! upp] classes4 ,! consci5ce is 9 ^! m5 put to sleep1 b x exi/s 9 !m1 & ?r\gh ! auto-sugge/ion & sugge/ion1 :i* hold sway ov] !m1 x already speaks 9 !m & may awak5 any mom5t4 ,all ^! m5 are 9 a condition resembl+ ! "o a hypnotiz$ man w\ld be 91 if x 7 sugge/$ to him & he 7 comm&$ to d an act :i* is contr>y to ev]y?+ :i* he consid]s rational & good1--to kill 8 "m or *ild4 ,! hypnotiz$ man feels himself b\nd by ! sugge/ion induc$ 9 him1 & x seems to him t he _c /op2 at ! same "t1 ! ne>] he comes to ! "t & ! place ( ! commission ( ! crime1 ! /rong] does ! dr[n$ voice ( ! consci5ce rise 9 him1 & he beg9s to %[ m & m opposition & to wri!1 & wants to wake up4 ,& x is impossible to say 9 advance :e!r he w d ! sugge/$ act1 or n1 & :at x is t w w91 ! rational consci\sness or ! irrational sugge/ion4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! relative /r5g? ( ! two4 ,precisely ! same is n[ tak+ place 9 all ! m5 on ?is tra91 & 9 g5]al 9 all ! m5 :o 9 our "t commit political acts ( viol5ce & exploit !m4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 m51 :o w5t out = ! purpose ( tortur+ & kill+ p1 = ! purpose ( sett+ an example1 did n return o!rwise ?an hav+ p]=m$ ! act = :i* !y _h gone out1 &1 hav+ p]=m$ ! act1 !y 7 n torm5t$ by rep5tance & d\bt1 b1 hav+ flogg$ m5 to dea?1 calmly return$ home to _! family1 & pett$ _! *ildr51--je/$1 laugh$1 & ab&on$ !mselves to quiet dome/ic pleasures4 ,x did n !n occur ev5 to ^? :o ga9$ by ^! acts ( viol5ce1 to ! l&$ proprietors & ! ri* m51 t ! advantages :i* !y enjoy$ _h any direct connection ) ^! cruelties4 ,b n[ x is n s3 m5 "k already1 or are v ne> to kn[+1 :at !y are do+1 & = :at purpose !y are do+ :at !y are do+4 ,!y may %ut _! eyes & cause _! consci5ces to be inactive1 b ) eyes un%ut & consci5ces unimpair$ !y--bo? ^? :o commit ! acts & ^? :o ga9 by !m--no long] c fail to see ! significance :i* ^! acts h4 ,x happ5s t m5 und]/& ! significance ( :at !y h done only aft] !y h p]=m$ ! act2 or x happ5s t !y und]/& x be=e ! v act4 ,?us ! m5 :o _h 9 *>ge ! tortures 9 ,nzhni-,nvgorod1 ,s>tov1 ,orl1 ,yzov ,plant1 und]/ood ! significance ( :at !y did only aft] ! commission ( ! act1 & n[ !y are torm5t$ ) %ame be=e public op9ion & be=e _! consci5ces4 ,bo? ^? :o ord]$ ! tortures & ^? :o execut$ !m are torm5t$4 ,i h spok5 ) soldi]s :o h execut$ su* acts1 & !y h always cauti\sly evad$ all conv]sation ab\t x2 :5 !y spoke1 !y did s ) p]plexity & t]ror4 ,cases happ5 :5 m5 come to _! s5ses imm$iately be=e ! commission ( ! act4 ,?us ,i "k a case ( a s]geant1 :o dur+ a pacification 0 beat5 by two peasants1 & :o report$ accord+ly1 b :o ! next day1 :5 he saw ! tortures to :i* ! peasants 7 subject$1 begg$ ! comm&] ( ! company to te> up ! report & to dis*>ge ! peasants :o _h beat5 him4 ,i "k a case :5 ! soldi]s1 :o 7 comm&$ to %oot "s m51 decl9$ to obey2 & ,i "k _m cases :]e ! comm&]s refus$ to take *>ge ( tortures & murd]s4 ,?us x happ5s t ! m5 :o e/abli% viol5ce & ^? :o commit acts ( viol5ce at times come to _! s5ses long be=e ! commission ( ! act sugge/$ to !m1 at o!rs be=e ! v act1 & at o!rs aga9 aft] ! act4 ,! m5 :o are travell+ on ?is tra9 h gone out to torture & kill _! bro!rs1 b n "o ( !m kn[s :e!r he w d :at he has set out to d1 or n4 ,no matt] h[ hidd5 = ea* ( !m is ! responsibility 9 ?is matt]1 no matt] h[ /rong ! sugge/ion may be1 9 all ^! m51 t !y are n m51 b gov]nors1 rural judges1 (fic]s1 soldi]s1 & t1 z su* be+s1 !y may violate _! human obligations1 ! ne>] !y approa* ! place ( _! de/9ation1 ! /rong] w ! d\bt rise 9 !m :e!r !y %\ld d :at !y h />t$ out to d1 & ?is d\bt w rea* ! highe/ degree :5 !y rea* ! v mom5t ( ! execution4 ,! gov]nor1 9 spite ( all ! intoxication ( ! surr\nd+ circum/ance1 _c help b reflect = a mom5t1 :5 he has to give 8 la/ decisive comm& conc]n+ ! murd] or ! torture4 ,he kn[s t ! case ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,orl provok$ ! indignation ( ! be/ m5 ( society1 & he himself1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! public op9ion ( ^? circles to :i* he belongs1 has m ?an once express$ 8 disapproval ( x2 he kn[s t ! prosecutor1 :o 0 to h gone ) !m1 refus$ outright to take "p 9 ?is bus9ess1 because he consid]$ x disgraceful2 he kn[s also t *anges may take place 9 ! gov]nm5t at any "t1 & t 9 consequ5ce ( !m t :i* 0 a des]t to-day may to-morr[ be ! cause ( disfav\r2 he kn[s1 too1 t !re is a press1 if n 9 ,russia1 at lea/ abroad1 :i* may describe ?is matt] & s disgrace him = life4 ,he already sc5ts t new public op9ion :i* is mak+ void :at ! =m] public op9ion dem&$4 ,besides1 he _c be absolutely sure t at ! la/ mom5t ! executors w obey him4 ,he wav]s1 & x is impossible to =etell :at he w d4 ,! same ?+1 9 a great] or less] measure1 is exp]i5c$ by all ! (ficials & (fic]s :o are travell+ ) him4 ,!y all "k 9 ! dep? ( _! he>ts t ! de$ :i* is to be done is disgraceful1 t p>ticipation 9 x l[]s & defiles a man 9 ! eyes ( a few m51 ^: op9ion !y already value4 ,!y "k t x is a %ame to appe> aft] ! torture or murd] ( def5celess m5 9 ! pres5ce ( _! fiances or wives1 :om !y treat ) a %[ ( t5d]ness4 ,besides1 l ! gov]nor1 !y are 9 d\bt :e!r ! soldi]s are sure to obey !m4 ,&1 no matt] h[ unlike x is to ! self-confid5t look ) :i* all ^! rul+ m5 n[ move 9 ! /ation & up & d[n ! plat=m1 !y all 9 ! dep? ( _! he>ts suff] & ev5 wav]4 ,x is = ?is v reason t !y assume ?is confid5t tone1 9 ord] to conceal _! inn] wav]+4 ,& ?is s5sation increases 9 proportion z !y come ne>] to ! place ( action4 ,h[ev] imp]ceptible ?is may be1 & h[ev] /range x may appe>1 all ?is mass ( "y soldi]s1 :o seem s subs]vi5t1 is 9 ! same /ate4 ,!y are all ( !m no long] ! soldi]s ( =m] days1 m5 :o h r5\nc$ _! natural life ( lab\r1 & :o h devot$ _! lives exclusively to dissipation1 rap9e1 & murd]1 l "s ,roman legion>ies or ! w>riors ( ! ,?irty-,ye>s ,w>1 or ev5 ! late soldi]s ( tw5ty-five ye>s ( s]vice2 !y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 m5 :o h b lately be5 tak5 away f _! families1 all ( !m full ( recollections ( t good1 natural1 & s5sible life f :i* !y h be5 tak5 away4 ,all ^! lads1 :o = ! mo/ "p come f ! c\ntry1 "k :at bus9ess is tak+ !m out on ! tra92 !y "k t ! proprietors always (f5d _! bro!rs1 ! peasants1 & t !re=e ! same ?+ is tak+ place "h4 ,besides1 ! great] half ( ^! m5 "k h[ to read books1 & n all books are ^? 9 :i* ! bus9ess ( w> is laud$1--!re are also ^? 9 :i* its immorality is po9t$ out4 ,amid/ !m frequ5tly s]ve free?9k+ companions1--volunte] soldi]s1--& j su* lib]al "y (fic]s1 & into _! mid/ has be5 ?r[n ! se$ ( d\bt z to ! unconditional legality & val\r ( _! activity4 ,x is true1 all ( !m h pass$ ?r\gh t t]rible1 artificial drill1 work$ out by ages1 :i* kills all indep5d5ce 9 a man1 & !y are s accu/om$ to me*anical ob$i5ce t at ! words ( comm&1 ,fire by company6 ,company1 fire6 & s =?1 _! guns rise me*anically & ! habitual motions take place4 ,b ,fire6 w n mean n[ hav+ fun :ile %oot+ at a t>get1 b kill+ _! torm5t$1 (f5d$ fa!rs & bro!rs1 :o--"h !y are--are /&+ 9 cr[ds1 ) _! wom5 & *ildr5 9 ! /reet1 & %\t+ & wav+ _! h&s4 ,"h !y are1--"o ( !m1 ) a sp>se be>d1 9 a pat*$ caftan & 9 ba/ %oes1 j l _! own fa!rs at home 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,kazn or ( ,ryazn2 ano!r1 ) a gray be>d & /oop+ %\ld]s1 c>ry+ a l>ge /ick1 j l _! fa!r's fa!r1 _! gr&fa!r2 ano!r1 a "y lad 9 boots & r$ %irt1 exactly z ! soldi] :o is n[ to %oot at him 0 a ye> ago4 ,& "h is a woman 9 ba/ %oes & l95 skirt1 j l "m at home---- ,are !y really go+ to %oot at !m8 ,god kn[s :at ea* soldi] w d dur+ ?is la/ mom5t4 ,"o slighte/ indication z to its n be+ "r1 above all z to ! possibility ( n do+ x1 "o su* ^w1 "o h9t1 w be suffici5t1 9 ord] to /op !m4 ,all m5 :o are travell+ on ?is tra9 w1 :5 !y proce$ to execute ! de$ = :i* !y h set out1 be 9 ! same position 9 :i* a hypnotiz$ p]son w\ld be1 :o has receiv$ ! sugge/ion to *op a log1 &1 hav+ walk$ up to :at has be5 po9t$ out to him z a log & hav+ rais$ ! axe to /rike1 sudd5ly sees or is told t x is n a log1 b 8 sleep+ bro!r4 ,he may p]=m ! act sugge/$ to him1 & he may wake up be=e its p]=mance4 ,ev5 s all ^! m5 may awak51 or n4 ,if !y d n1 z t]rible a de$ z ! "o 9 ,orl w be done1 & 9 o!r m5 ! auto-sugge/ion & ! sugge/ion "u :i* !y act w be increas$2 if !y awak51 su* a de$ w n only n be p]=m$1 b _m o!rs1 ^u f9d+ out ! turn :i* ! affair has tak51 w be fre$ f t sugge/ion 9 :i* !y are1 or at lea/ w approa* su* a lib]ation4 ,b if n all m5 travell+ on ?is tra9 %all awak5 & refra9 f do+ ! de$ :i* has be5 begun1 if only a few ( !m %all d s & %all boldly express to o!r m5 ! crim9ality ( ?is affair1 ^! few m5 ev5 may h ! effect ( awak5+ all ! o!r m5 f ! sugge/ion1 "u :i* !y are1 & ! propos$ evil de$ w n take place4 ,m ?an t3 if only a few m51 :o d n take "p 9 ?is affair1 b are only pres5t at ! prep>ations = ! same1 or :o h he>d ( simil> acts previ\sly committ$1 w n rema9 indiff]5t1 b w frankly & boldly express _! disgu/ ) ! p>ticipants 9 ^! matt]s1 & w po9t out to !m _! :ole s5selessness1 cruelty1 & crim9ality1 ev5 t w n pass unnotic$4 ,ev5 s x 0 9 ! pres5t case4 ,a few p]sons1 p>ticipants & non-p>ticipants 9 ?is affair1 :o 7 free f sugge/ion1 ne$$ b at ! "t :5 !y 7 gett+ ready = ?is affair boldly to express _! indignation ) tortures adm9i/]$ 9 o!r places1 & _! disgu/ & contempt = ^? m5 :o took "p 9 !m2 9 ! pres5t ,tla affair a few p]sons ne$$ b to express _! unwill+ness to take "p 9 x2 ! lady pass5g] & a few o!r p]sons at ! /ation ne$$ b 9 ! pres5ce ( ^? :o 7 travell+ on ! tra9 to express _! indignation at ! act :i* 0 ab\t to be committ$2 "o ( ! regim5tal comm&]s1 a "p ( ^: troops 7 dem&$ = ! pacification1 ne$$ b to express 8 op9ion t ! milit>y _c be execution]s1--& ?anks to ^! & c]ta9 o!r1 seem+ly unimportant1 private influ5ces ex]t$ aga9/ p "u sugge/ion1 ! affair w\ld take a diff]5t turn1 & ! troops1 ^u arriv+ on ! spot1 w\ld n commit any tortures1 b w\ld cut d[n ! =e/ & give x to ! proprietor4 ,if !re %\ld n be 9 c]ta9 m5 any cle> consci\sness z to _! do+ wrong1 & if !re %\ld be1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 no mutual influ5ce ( m5 9 ?is s5se1 !re w\ld take place ! same z 9 ,orl4 ,b if ?is consci\sness %\ld be ev5 /rong]1 & s ! am\nt ( ! int]actions ev5 great] ?an :at x 01 x is v likely t ! gov]nor & 8 troops w\ld n ev5 d>e to cut d[n ! =e/1 9 ord] to give x to ! proprietor4 ,if ?is consci\sness _h be5 ev5 /rong] & ! am\nt ( int]actions great]1 x is v likely ! gov]nor w\ld n ev5 h d>$ to travel to ! place ( action4 ,if ! consci\sness _h be5 /rong] /ill & ! am\nt ( int]actions ev5 great]1 x is v likely t ! m9i/] w\ld n h made up 8 m9d to prescribe1 & ! emp]or to confirm su* a decree4 ,ev]y?+1 consequ5tly1 dep5ds on ! =ce ) :i* ! ,*ri/ian tru? is cogniz$ by e individual man4 ,& s1 x w\ld seem1 ! activity ( all ! m5 ( our "t1 :o ass]t t !y wi% to cont9ue to ! welf>e ( humanity1 %\ld be direct$ to ! increase ( ! lucidity ( ! dem&s ( ! ,*ri/ian tru?4 #d ,b1 /range to say1 ^? v m51 :o 9 our "t ass]t m ?an any "o else t !y c>e = ! amelioration ( human life1 & :o are reg>d$ z ! lead]s 9 public op9ion1 affirm t x is n necess>y to d t1 & t = ! amelioration ( ! condition ( m5 !re exi/ o!r1 m efficaci\s means4 ,^! m5 ass]t t ! amelioration ( human life does n take place 9 consequ5ce ( ! int]nal ef=ts ( ! consci\sness ( individual m5 & ! elucidation & pr(ession ( ! tru?1 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! gradual *ange ( ! common ext]nal conditions ( life1 & t ! pr(ession by e individual man ( ! tru? :i* is n 9 con=mity ) ! exi/+ ord] is n only useless1 b ev5 h>mful1 because on ! "p ( ! p[] x provokes oppressions1 :i* keep ^! individuals f cont9u+ _! useful activity 9 ! s]vice ( society4 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 all ! *anges 9 human life take place "u ! same laws "u :i* !y take place 9 ! life ( ! animals4 ,?us1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 all ! f\nd]s ( religions1 su* z ,moses & ! prophets1 ,confucius1 ,lao-tse1 ,buddha1 ,*ri/1 & o!rs prea*$ _! tea*+s1 & _! foll[]s accept$ !m1 n because !y lov$ tru?1 elucidat$ x to !mselves1 & pr(ess$ x1 b because ! political1 social1 &1 above all1 economic conditions ( ! nations among :om ^! tea*+s appe>$ & 7 dissem9at$ 7 fav\rable = _! manife/ation & diffusion4 ,& s ! *ief activity ( a man wi%+ to s]ve society & ameliorate ! condition ( humanity mu/ accord+ to ?is doctr9e be direct$1 n to ! elucidation ( ! tru? & its pr(ession1 b to ! amelioration ( ! ext]nal political1 social1 &1 above all else1 economic conditions4 ,n[ ! *ange ( ^! political1 social1 & economic conditions is accompli%$ p>tly by means ( s]v+ ! gov]nm5t & ( introduc+ into x lib]al & progressive pr9ciples1 p>tly by contribut+ to ! developm5t ( indu/ry & ! dissem9ation ( sociali/ic ideas1 & *iefly by ! diffusion ( sci5tific education4 ,accord+ to ?is tea*+ x is n important = a man to pr(ess 9 life ! tru? t has be5 reveal$ to him1 & s inevitably be compell$ to realize x 9 life1 or at lea/ n to d acts :i* are contr>y to ! pr(ess$ tru?2 n to s]ve ! gov]nm5t & n to increase its p[]1 if he consid]s ?is p[] to be delet]i\s2 n to make use ( ! capitali/ic /ructure1 if he consid]s ?is /ructure to be irregul>2 n to %[ any respect = v>i\s c]emonies1 if he consid]s !m to be a dang]\s sup]/ition2 n to take "p 9 ! c\rts1 if he consid]s _! e/abli%m5t to be false2 n to s]ve z a soldi]2 n to swe>2 9 g5]al1 n to lie1 n to act z a sc\ndrel1 b1 )\t *ang+ ! exi/+ =ms ( life1 & submitt+ to !m1 contr>y to 8 op9ion1 he %\ld introduce lib]alism into ! exi/+ in/itutions2 cop]ate ) indu/ry1 ! propag&a ( socialism1 ! advancem5t ( :at is call$ ! sci5ces1 & ! diffusion ( culture4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory is x possible1 ?\gh rema9+ a l&$ proprietor1 a m]*ant1 a manufactur]1 a judge1 an (ficial1 receiv+ a sal>y f ! gov]nm5t1 a soldi]1 an (fic]1 to be1 )al1 n only a humane man1 b ev5 a sociali/ & revolutioni/4 ,hypocrisy1 :i* =m]ly us$ to h a religi\s f\ndation 9 ! doctr9e ab\t ! fall ( ! human race1 ab\t r$emption1 & ab\t ! *ur*1 9 ?is tea*+ receiv$ 9 our "t a new sci5tific f\ndation1 & s has caught 9 its net all ^? m5 :o f ! degree ( _! developm5t c no long] fall back on ! religi\s hypocrisy4 ,?us1 if =m]ly only a man :o pr(ess$ ! ecclesia/ic religi\s doctr9e c\ld1 consid]+ himself ) x pure f e s91 take "p 9 all k9ds ( crimes committ$ by ! gov]nm5t1 & make use ( !m1 s long z he at ! same "t fulfill$ ! ext]nal dem&s ( 8 pr(ession1 n[ all m51 :o d n believe 9 ! *ur* ,*ri/ianity1 h ! same k9d ( a worldly sci5tific basis = recogniz+ !mselves z pure1 & ev5 highly moral m51 9 spite ( _! p>ticipation 9 ! evil de$s ( ! /ate & ( _! mak+ use ( !m4 ,!re lives--n 9 ,russia alone1 b any:]e y please1 9 ,france1 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 ,am]ica--a ri* l&$ proprietor1 & = ! "r :i* he gives to c]ta9 p liv+ on 8 l&1 to draw _! su/5ance f x1 he fleeces ^! = ! mo/ "p hungry p to _! fulle/ ext5t4 ,?is man's "r to ! possession ( ! l& is bas$ on ?is1 t at e attempt ( ! oppress$ p at mak+ use ( ! l&s :i* he consid]s 8 own1 )\t 8 cons5t1 !re arrive "s troops :i* subject ! m5 :o h seiz$ ! l&s to tortures & ext]m9ation4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t x is evid5t t a man :o lives 9 ?is mann] is an egoti/ical be+ & 9 no way c call himself a ,*ri/ian or a lib]al4 ,x w\ld seem to be obvi\s t ! fir/ ?+ su* a man ought to d1 if he only wants 9 "s way to come ne> to ,*ri/ianity or to lib]alism1 w\ld be to /op plund]+ & ru9+ m5 by means ( 8 "r to ! l&1 :i* is support$ by murd]s & tortures practis$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,?us x w\ld be if !re did n exi/ ! metaphysics ( hypocrisy1 :i* says t f a religi\s po9t ( view ! possession or non-possession ( ! l& is a matt] ( indiff]5ce z reg>ds salvation1 & t f ! sci5tific po9t ( view ! r5unciation ( ! own]%ip ( l& w\ld be a useless p]sonal ef=t1 & t ! cop]ation ) ! good ( m5 is n accompli%$ 9 ?is mann]1 b ?r\gh ! gradual *ange ( ext]nal =ms4 ,& s ?is man1 )\t ! lea/ compunction1 & )\t any misgiv+s z to 8 be+ believ$1 arranges an agricultural exhibition1 or a temp]ance society1 or ?r\gh 8 wife & *ildr5 s5ds jackets & s\p to ?ree old wom51 & 9 8 family1 9 draw+-rooms1 committees1 ! press1 boldly prea*es ! ,gospel or humane love ( "o's neighb\r 9 g5]al1 & ( t work+ agricultural class 9 p>ticul> :i* he con/antly torm5ts & oppresses4 ,& ! m5 :o are 9 ! same condition ) him believe him1 praise him1 & ) him solemnly discuss ! que/ions z to :at measures %\ld be us$ = ! amelioration ( ! condition ( ! work+ masses1 on ! spoliation ( :om _! life is bas$1 inv5t+ = ! purpose all k9ds ( means1 except ! "o )\t :i* no amelioration ( ! p's condition is possible1 ( ceas+ to take away f ^! p ! l&1 :i* is necess>y = _! ma9t5ance4 ,a mo/ /rik+ example ( su* hypocrisy is to be f\nd 9 ! measures tak5 la/ ye> by ! ,russian l&$ proprietors 9 ! /ruggle ) ! fam9e1 :i* !y !mselves _h produc$1 & :i* !y imm$iately set out to exploit1 :5 !y n only sold ! corn at ! highe/ possible price1 b ev5 sold to ! freez+ peasants z fuel ! potato-tops at five r\bles p] desyatna4 ,or !re lives a m]*ant1 ^: :ole comm]ce1 l any comm]ce1 is bas$ on a s]ies ( rascalities1 by means ( :i*1 exploit+ ! ignorance & ne$ ( m51 articles are b\ght ( !m bel[ _! value1 &1 aga9 exploit+ ! ignorance1 ne$1 & temptation ( m51 are sold back at prices above _! value4 ,x w\ld seem to be obvi\s t a man ^: activity is bas$ on :at 9 8 own language is call$ rascality1 s long z ^! same acts are p]=m$ "u diff]5t conditions1 ought to be a%am$ ( 8 position1 & is by no means able1 cont9u+ to be a m]*ant1 to repres5t himself z a ,*ri/ian or a lib]al4 ,b ! metaphysics ( hypocrisy says to him t he may pass = a virtu\s man1 ev5 ?\gh cont9u+ 8 h>mful activity3 a religi\s man ne$ only be believ$1 b a lib]al has only to cop]ate ) ! *ange ( ext]nal conditions1--! progress ( indu/ry4 ,& s ?is m]*ant1 :o frequ5tly1 9 addition1 p]=ms a :ole s]ies ( direct rascalities1 by sell+ bad w>es = good ones1 *eat+ 9 weights & measures1 or trad+ exclusively 9 articles :i* are p]nici\s to ! p's heal? 7su* z w9e or opium71 boldly consid]s himself1 & is consid]$ by o!rs1 s long z he 9 bus9ess does n directly *eat 8 fell[s 9 deception1 t is1 8 fell[ m]*ants1 to be a model ( hone/y & consci5ti\sness4 ,if he sp5ds "o-?\s&? ( ! money /ol5 by him on "s public in/itution1 a hospital1 a museum1 an in/itution ( le>n+1 he is also reg>d$ z a b5efactor ( ^? v p on ! deception & corruption ( :om all 8 =tune is bas$2 b if he contributes "p ( 8 /ol5 money to a *ur* & = ! poor1 he is reg>d$ ev5 z a model ,*ri/ian4 ,or !re lives a manufactur]1 ^: :ole income consi/s ( ! pay :i* is tak5 away f ! workm51 & ^: :ole activity is bas$ on compulsory1 unnatural lab\r1 :i* ru9s :ole g5]ations ( m52 x w\ld seem to be obvi\s t fir/ ( all1 if ?is man pr(esses any ,*ri/ian or lib]al pr9ciples1 he mu/ /op ru9+ human lives = ! sake ( 8 pr(it4 ,b accord+ to ! exi/+ !ory1 he is contribut+ to indu/ry1 & he mu/ n--x w\ld ev5 be injuri\s to m5 & to society--/op 8 activity4 ,& "h ?is man1 ! cruel slavehold] ( ?\s&s ( m51 build+ = ^? :o h be5 crippl$ :ile work+ = him little h\ses ) little g>d5s five feet squ>e1 & a sav+s-bank1 & a poorh\se1 & a hospital1 is fully conv9c$ t 9 ?is way he has m ?an paid = all ^? physically & m5tally ru9$ lives ( m51 = :i* he is responsible1 & quietly cont9ues 8 activity1 ( :i* he is pr\d4 ,or !re lives a head ( a dep>tm5t1 or "s civil1 cl]ical1 milit>y s]vant ( ! /ate1 :o s]ves = ! purpose ( satisfy+ 8 ambition or love ( p[]1 or1 :at is mo/ common1 = ! purpose ( receiv+ a sal>y1 :i* is collect$ f ! masses t are emaciat$ & exhau/$ ) lab\r 7taxes1 no matt] f :om !y come1 always orig9ate 9 lab\r1 t is1 9 ! lab\r+ p71 & if he1 :i* is extremely r>e1 does n directly /eal ! gov]nm5t's money 9 "s unusual mann]1 he consid]s himself & is consid]$ by o!rs l him to be a mo/ useful & virtu\s memb] ( society4 ,!re lives "s judge1 prosecutor1 head ( a dep>tm5t1 & he kn[s t z ! result ( 8 s5t5ce or decree hundr$s & ?\s&s ( un=tunate p1 torn away f _! families1 are l+]+ 9 solit>y conf9em5t1 at h>d lab\r1 go+ mad & kill+ !mselves ) glass1 or />v+ to dea?2 he kn[s t ^! ?\s&s ( p h ?\s&s ( mo!rs1 wives1 *ildr51 :o are suff]+ f ! sep>ation1 are depriv$ ( ! possibility ( meet+ !m1 are disgrac$1 va9ly implore =giv5ess or ev5 alleviation ( ! fates ( _! fa!rs1 sons1 husb&s1 bro!rs1--& ! judge or head ( a dep>tm5t is s h>d5$ 9 8 hypocrisy t he himself & 8 l & _! wives & relatives are firmly conv9c$ t he c ) all ?is be a v good & s5sitive man4 ,accord+ to ! metaphysics ( hypocrisy1 x turns out t he is do+ useful public "w4 ,& ?is man1 hav+ ru9$ hundr$s1 ?\s&s ( m51 :o curse him1 & :o are 9 despair1 ?anks to 8 activity1 believ+ 9 ! good & 9 ,god1 ) a beam+1 b5evol5t smile on 8 smoo? face1 goes to mass1 he>s ! ,gospel1 makes lib]al spee*es1 pets 8 *ildr51 prea*es to !m morality1 & feels meek ( _s 9 ! pres5ce ( imag9>y suff]+s4 ,all ^! m5 & ^? :o live on !m1 _! wives1 tea*]s1 *ildr51 cooks1 actors1 jockeys1 & s =?1 live by ! blood :i* 9 "o way or ano!r1 by "o class ( lee*es or by ano!r1 is suck$ out ( ! work+ p2 ?us !y live1 dev\r+ ea* day = _! pleasures hundr$s & ?\s&s ( "w-days ( ! exhau/$ lab\r]s1 :o are driv5 to "w by ! ?reat ( be+ kill$2 !y see ! privations & suff]+s ( ^! lab\r]s1 ( _! *ildr51 old m51 wom51 sick p2 !y "k ( ! p5alties to :i* ! violators ( ?is e/abli%$ spoliation are subject$1 & !y n only d n dim9i% _! luxury1 d n conceal x1 b impud5tly display be=e ^! oppress$ lab\r]s1 :o = ! mo/ "p hate !m1 z ?\gh on purpose to provoke !m1 _! p>ks1 ca/les1 !atres1 *ases1 races1 & at ! same "t assure !mselves & "o ano!r t !y are all v mu* conc]n$ ab\t ! good ( ! masses1 :om !y nev] /op tread+ und]foot2 & on ,sundays !y dress !mselves 9 co/ly attire & drive 9 exp5sive c>riages into h\ses especially built = ! purpose ( mak+ fun ( ,*ri/ianity1 & !re li/5 to m5 especially tra9$ 9 ?is lie1 :o 9 e mann] possible1 9 ve/m5ts & )\t ve/m5ts1 9 :ite neckties1 prea* to "o ano!r ! love ( m51 :i* !y all d5y ) _! :ole lives4 ,&1 :ile do+ all ?is1 ^! m5 s ent] into _! p>ts t !y s]i\sly believe t !y actually are :at !y pret5d to be4 ,! univ]sal hypocrisy1 :i* has ent]$ into ! fle% & blood ( all ! classes ( our "t1 has rea*$ su* limits t no?+ ( ?is k9d ev] fills any "o ) indignation4 ,hypocrisy ) good reason means ! same z act+1 & anybody c pret5d1--act a "p4 ,nobody is amaz$ at su* ph5om5a z t ! successors ( ,*ri/ bless ! murd]]s :o are l9$ up & hold ! guns :i* are load$ = _! bro!rs2 t ! prie/s1 ! pa/ors ( all k9ds ( ,*ri/ian confessions1 always1 z inevitably z ! execution]s1 take "p 9 executions1 ) _! pres5ce recogniz+ ! murd] z compatible ) ,*ri/ianity 7at an electrocution 9 ,am]ica1 a prea*] 0 pres5t74 ,lately !re 0 an int]national prison exhibition 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 :]e implem5ts ( torture 7 exhibit$1 su* z manacles1 models ( solit>y cells1 t is1 worse implem5ts ( torture ?an kn\ts & rods1 & s5sitive g5tlem5 & ladies w5t to look at all ?is1 & !y enjoy$ ! sight4 ,nor is any "o surpris$ at ! way ! lib]al sci5ce proves1 by ! side ( ! assumption ( equality1 frat]nity1 lib]ty1 ! necessity ( an army1 ( executions1 cu/om-h\ses1 ! c5sor%ip1 ! regulation ( pro/itution1 ! expulsion ( *eap lab\r1 & ! prohibition ( immigration1 & ! necessity & ju/ice ( colonization1 :i* is bas$ on ! poison+1 plund]+1 & de/ruction ( :ole tribes ( m5 :o are call$ savage1 & s =?4 ,p talk ( :at w happ5 :5 all m5 %all pr(ess :at is call$ ,*ri/ianity 7t is1 v>i\s mutually ho/ile pr(essions72 :5 all %all be well f$ & well clo!d2 :5 all %all be unit$ ) "o ano!r f "o end ( ! _w to ! o!r by means ( telegraphs & telephones1 & %all communicate ) "o ano!r by means ( balloons2 :5 all ! lab\r]s %all be p]meat$ ) social tea*+s1 & ! lab\r-unions %all h collect$ s _m millions ( memb]s & ( r\bles2 :5 all m5 %all be cultur$1 & all %all read ! pap]s & "k ! sci5ces4 ,b ( :at use or good c all ^! improvem5ts be1 if p %all n at ! same "t speak & d :at !y consid] to be ! tru?8 ,! calamities ( m5 are c]ta9ly due to _! disunion1 & ! disunion is due to ?is1 t m5 d n foll[ ! tru?1 :i* is "o1 b ! lies1 ( :i* !re are _m4 ,! only means = ! union ( m5 into "o is ! union 9 tru?2 & s1 ! m s9c]ely m5 /rive t[>d ! tru?1 ! ne>] !y are to ?is union4 ,b h[ c m5 be unit$ 9 tru?1 or ev5 approa* x1 if !y n only d n express ! tru? :i* !y "k1 b ev5 ?9k t x is unnecess>y to d s1 & pret5d t !y consid] to be ! tru? :at !y d n reg>d z ! tru?4 ,& s no amelioration ( ! condition ( m5 is possible1 s long z m5 w pret5d1 t is1 conceal ! tru? f !mselves1 s long z !y d n recognize t _! union1 & s _! good1 is possible only 9 ! tru?1 & s w n place ! recognition & pr(ession ( ! tru?1 ! "o :i* has be5 reveal$ to !m1 high] ?an any?+ else4 ,let all ^? ext]nal improvem5ts1 ( :i* religi\s & sci5tific m5 may dream1 be accompli%$2 let all m5 accept ,*ri/ianity1 & let all ^? ameliorations1 :i* all k9ds ( ,bellamys & ,ri*ets wi% =1 take place1 ) e imag9able addition & correction--b let ) all t ! same hypocrisy rema9 z be=e2 let m5 n pr(ess ! tru? :i* !y "k1 b cont9ue to pret5d t !y believe 9 :at !y really d n believe1 & respect :at !y really d n respect1 & ! condition ( m5 w n only rema9 ! same1 b w ev5 gr[ worse & worse4 ,! m p %all h to eat1 ! m !re %all be ( telegraphs1 telephones1 books1 newspap]s1 j\rnals1 ! m means w !re be = ! dissem9ation ( discordant lies & ( hypocrisy1 & ! m w m5 be disunit$ &1 !re=e1 wret*$1 z is inde$ ! case at pres5t4 ,let all ^! ext]nal *anges take place1 & ! condition ( humanity w n improve4 ,b let ea* man at once 9 8 life1 accord+ to 8 /r5g?1 pr(ess ! tru?1 z he kn[s x1 or let him at lea/ n def5d ! untru?1 :i* he does1 giv+ x out z ! tru?1 & !re w\ld at once1 9 ?is pres5t ye> #ahic1 take place su* *anges 9 ! direction ( ! emancipation ( m5 & ! e/abli%m5t ( tru? ^u e>? z we d n d>e ev5 to dream ( = c5turies to come4 ,= good reason ,*ri/'s only spee* :i* is n meek1 b reproa*ful & cruel1 0 direct$ to ! hypocrites & aga9/ hypocrisy4 ,:at corrupts1 ang]s1 be/ializes1 &1 !re=e1 disunites m51 is n ?iev+1 nor spoliation1 nor murd]1 nor =nication1 nor =g]y1 b ! lie1 t especial lie ( hypocrisy :i* 9 ! consci\sness ( m5 de/roys ! di/9ction betwe5 good & evil1 deprives !m ( ! possibility ( avoid+ ! evil & seek+ ! good1 deprives !m ( :at =ms ! ess5ce ( ! true human life1 & s /&s 9 ! way ( e p]fection ( m54 ,m5 :o d n "k ! tru? & :o d evil1 awak5+ 9 o!rs a sympa!tic feel+ = _! victims & a contempt = _! acts1 d evil only to ^? :om !y injure2 b ! m5 :o "k ! tru? & d ! evil1 :i* is conceal$ "u hypocrisy1 d evil to !mselves & to ^? :om !y injure1 & to ?\s&s ( o!rs :o are (f5d$ by ! lie1 ) :i* !y attempt to conceal ! evil done by !m4 ,?ieves1 plund]]s1 murd]]s1 *eats1 :o commit acts t are recogniz$ z evil by !mselves & by all m51 s]ve z an example ( :at ought n to be done1 & det] m5 f evil4 ,b ! m5 :o commit ! same act ( ?iev+1 plund]+1 tortur+1 kill+1 mantl+ !mselves ) religi\s & sci5tific lib]al ju/ifications1 z is done by all l&$ proprietors1 m]*ants1 manufactur]s1 & all k9ds ( s]vants ( ! gov]nm5t ( our "t1 invite o!rs to emulate _! acts1 & d evil1 n only to ^? :o suff] f x1 b also to ?\s&s & millions ( m51 :om !y corrupt1 by de/roy+ = ^! m5 ! diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil4 ,"o =tune acquir$ by ! trade 9 articles necess>y = ! masses or by corrupt+ ! p1 or by speculations on ',*ange1 or by ! acquisition ( *eap l&1 :i* lat] gr[s m exp5sive on acc\nt ( ! popul> want1 or by ! e/abli%m5t ( plants ru9+ ! heal? & ! life ( m51 or by civil or milit>y s]vice to ! /ate1 or by any means :i* pamp] to ! vices ( m5--a =tune ga9$ by su* means1 n only ) ! cons5t1 b ev5 ) ! approval ( ! lead]s ( society1 corrupts p incomp>ably m ?an millions ( !fts1 rascalities1 plund]+s1 :i* are committ$ outside ! =ms recogniz$ by law & subject to crim9al prosecution4 ,"o execution1 :i* is p]=m$ by well-to-d1 cultur$ m51 n "u ! influ5ce ( passion1 b ) ! approval & cop]ation ( ,*ri/ian pa/ors1 & pres5t$ z some?+ necess>y1 corrupts & be/ializes m5 m ?an hundr$s & ?\s&s ( murd]s1 committ$ by uncultur$ lab\r+ m51 especially "u ! incitem5t ( passion4 ,an execution1 su* z ,zhukvski propos$ to arrange1 :5 m51 z ,zhukvski assum$1 w\ld ev5 exp]i5ce a religi\s feel+ ( meekness ( _s1 w\ld be ! mo/ corrupt+ action t c be imag9$4 7,see ,vol4 ,,vi4 ( ,zhukvski's ,complete ,works47 ,e w>1 h[ev] %ort its duration1 ) its usual accompany+ losses1 de/ruction ( ! crops1 ?iev+1 admissible debau*]y1 loot+1 murd]s1 ) ! inv5t$ ju/ifications ( its necessity & its ju/ice1 ) ! exaltation & eulogiz+ ( milit>y exploits1 ( love ( flag & c\ntry1 ) ! hypocritical c>es = ! w\nd$1 & s =?1 corrupts 9 "o ye> m ?an d millions ( robb]ies1 inc5di>isms1 murd]s1 committ$ 9 ! c\rse ( hundr$s ( ye>s by individual m5 "u ! influ5ce ( ! passions4 ,"o luxuri\s life1 runn+ temp]ately )9 ! limits ( dec5cy1 on ! "p ( "o respectable1 s-call$ virtu\s1 family1 :i*1 none ! less1 sp5ds on itself ! products ( z _m lab\r+ days z w\ld suffice = ! support ( ?\s&s ( p liv+ 9 mis]y side by side ) ?is family1 corrupts p m ?an d ?\s&s ( mon/r\s orgies ( co>se m]*ants1 (fic]s1 lab\r+ m51 :o ab&on !mselves to drunk5ness & debau*]y1 :o = fun break mirrors1 di%es1 & s =?4 ,"o solemn procession1 ,te ,deum1 or s]mon f ! ambo or pulpit1 deal+ ) a lie 9 :i* ! prea*]s !mselves d n believe1 produces incomp>ably m evil ?an d ?\s&s ( =g]ies & adult]ations ( food1 & s =?4 ,we talk ( ! hypocrisy ( ! ,ph>isees4 ,b ! hypocrisy ( ! m5 ( our "t f> surpasses ! comp>atively innoc5t hypocrisy ( ! ,ph>isees4 ,!y _h at lea/ an ext]nal religi\s law1 9 ! fulfilm5t ( :i* !y c\ld ov]look _! obligations 9 relation to _! neighb\rs1 &1 besides1 ^! obligations 7 at t "t n yet cle>ly po9t$ out2 9 our "t1 9 ! fir/ place1 !re is no su* religi\s law :i* frees m5 f _! obligations to _! neighb\rs1 to all _! neighb\rs )\t exception 7,i d n c\nt ^? co>se & /upid m5 :o ev5 n[ ?9k t sacram5ts or ! decision ( ! ,pope c absolve "o f s9s73 on ! contr>y1 t ,gospel law1 :i* we all pr(ess 9 "o way or ano!r1 directly po9ts out ^! obligations1 & besides ^! obligations1 :i* at t "t 7 express$ 9 dim words by only a few prophets1 are n[ express$ s cle>ly t !y h become truisms1 :i* are repeat$ by gymnasia/s & writ]s ( feuilletons4 ,& s ! m5 ( our "t1 x w\ld seem1 _c possibly pret5d t !y d n "k ^! _! obligations4 ,! m5 ( our "t1 :o exploit ! ord] ( ?+s :i* is support$ by viol5ce1 & :o at ! same "t ass]t t !y are v fond ( _! neighb\rs1 & entirely fail to obs]ve t !y are ) _! :ole lives do+ evil to ^! _! neighb\rs1 are l a man :o has incessantly robb$ p1 & :o1 be+ f9ally caught ) 8 knife rais$ ov] 8 victim1 :o is call+ = aid 9 a desp]ate voice1 %\ld ass]t t he did n "k t :at he 0 do+ 0 unpleasant = him :om he 0 robb+ & gett+ ready to kill4 ,j z ?is robb] & murd]] _c d5y :at is obvi\s to all m51 s1 x w\ld seem1 x is impossible = ! m5 ( our "t1 :o live at ! exp5se ( ! suff]+s ( oppress$ m51 to assure !mselves & o!rs t !y wi% = ! good ( ^? m5 :om !y rob incessantly1 & t !y did n "k 9 :at mann] !y acquire :at !y use z _! own4 ,x is impossible = u to believe t we d n "k ( ^? "o hundr$ ?\s& m5 9 ,russia alone1 :o are always lock$ up 9 prisons & at h>d lab\r1 = ! purpose ( secur+ our prop]ty & our peace2 & t we d n "k ( ^? c\rts1 9 :i* we ourselves take "p1 & :i* 9 consequ5ce ( our petitions s5t5ce ! m5 :o assault our prop]ty or endang] our security to imprisonm5t1 deportation1 & h>d lab\r1 :]e ! m51 :o are 9 no way worse ?an ^? :o s5t5ce !m1 p]i% & are corrupt$2 t we d n "k t ev]y?+ we h we h only because x is acquir$ & secur$ = u by means ( murd]s & tortures4 ,we _c pret5d t we d n see ! policeman :o walks 9 front ( ! w9d[s ) a load$ revolv]1 def5d+ u1 :ile we eat our sav\ry d9n] or view a new p]=mance1 or ^? soldi]s :o w imm$iately g ) _! guns & load$ c>tridges to :]e our prop]ty w be violat$4 ,we c]ta9ly "k t if we %all f9i% eat+ our d9n]1 or see+ ! late/ drama1 or hav+ our fun at a ball1 at ! ,*ri/mas tree1 at ! skat+1 at ! races1 or at ! *ase1 we d s only ?anks to ! bullet 9 ! policeman's revolv] & 9 ! soldi]'s gun1 :i* w at once bore a hole ?r\gh ! hungry /oma* ( ! dispossess$ man :o1 ) wat]+ m\?1 is /ay+ ar\nd ! corn] & wat*+ our amusem5ts1 & is prep>$ to violate !m ! mom5t ! policeman ) ! revolv] %all g away1 or z soon z !re %all be no soldi] 9 ! b>racks ready to appe> at our fir/ call4 ,& s1 j z a man caught 9 broad daylight 9 a robb]y c 9 no way assure all m5 t he did n raise 8 h& ov] ! man ab\t to be robb$ by him1 9 ord] to take 8 purse f him1 & did n ?reat5 to cut 8 ?roat1 s we1 x w\ld seem1 _c assure ourselves & o!rs t ! soldi]s & policem5 ) ! revolv]s are all ab\t u1 n 9 ord] to protect u1 b to def5d u aga9/ ext]nal enemies1 = ! sake ( ord]1 = ornam5t1 amusem5t1 & p>ades2 & t we did n "k t m5 d n l to />ve1 hav+ no "r to make a liv+ (f ! l& on :i* !y live1 d n l to "w und]gr\nd1 9 ! wat]1 9 helli% heat1 f t5 to f\rte5 h\rs a day1 & 9 ! night1 9 all k9ds ( factories & plants1 = ! purpose ( manufactur+ articles = our enjoym5t4 ,x w\ld seem to be impossible to d5y t :i* is s obvi\s4 ,& yet x is precisely :at is be+ done4 ,?\gh !re are among ! ri* "s hone/ p1--=tunately ,i meet m & m ( !m1 especially among ! "y & among wom51--:o1 at ! m5tion ( h[ & ) :at _! pleasures are b\ght1 d n try to conceal ! tru?1 & grasp _! heads & say1 ,oh1 d n speak ( x4 ,if x is s1 x is impossible to g on liv+2 ?\gh !re are su* s9c]e p1 :o1 unable to free !mselves f _! s91 none ! less see x1 ! va/ majority ( ! m5 ( our "t h s ent]$ into _! rle ( hypocrisy1 t !y boldly d5y :at is s />tl+ly obvi\s to e see+ p]son4 ,all ?is is unju/1 !y say2 nobody compels ! p to "w = ! proprietors & 9 factories4 ,?is is a "q ( free agreem5t4 ,l>ge possessions & capital are indisp5sable1 because !y organize lab\r & give "w to ! lab\r+ classes2 & ! "w 9 ! factories & plants is n at all z t]rible z y imag9e x to be4 ,if !re are "s abuses 9 ! factories1 ! gov]nm5t & society w see to x t !y be remov$ & t ! "w be made /ill m easy & ev5 m agreeable = ! lab\r]s4 ,! work+ p are us$ to physical lab\r1 & s f> are n good = any?+ else4 ,! pov]ty ( ! masses is n at all due to ! own]%ip ( l&1 nor to ! oppression ( capital1 b to o!r causes3 x is due to ! ignorance1 ! co>s5ess1 ! drunk5ness ( ! masses4 ,we1 ! m5 ( /ate1 :o are c\nt]act+ ?is impov]i%m5t by wise enactm5ts1 & we1 ! capitali/s1 :o are c\nt]act+ x by ! dissem9ation ( useful inv5tions1 we1 ! cl]gy1 by religi\s in/ruction1 & we1 ! lib]als1 by ! e/abli%m5t ( lab\r-unions1 ! increase & diffusion ( k1 9 ?is mann]1 )\t *ang+ our position1 increase ! welf>e ( ! masses4 ,we d n want all m5 to be poor1 l ! poor1 b want !m to be ri*1 l ! ri*4 ,! /atem5t t m5 are tortur$ & kill$ to compel !m to "w = ! ri* is no?+ b sophi/ry2 troops are s5t out aga9/ ! masses only :5 !y1 misund]/&+ _! advantages1 become riot\s & di/urb ! peace1 :i* is necess>y = ! common good4 ,j z mu* d we ne$ ! curb+ ( malefactors1 = :om are int5d$ ! prisons1 gall[s1 & h>d lab\r4 ,we %\ld ourselves l to d away ) !m1 & we are work+ 9 ?is direction4 ,! hypocrisy ( our "t1 :i* is support$ f two sides1 by ! quasi-religion & ! quasi-sci5ce1 has rea*$ su* a po9t t1 if we did n live 9 ! mid/ ( x1 we %\ld n be able to believe t m5 c\ld rea* su* a degree ( self-deception4 ,! p h 9 our "t rea*$ ! rem>kable /ate :5 _! he>ts are s h>d5$ t !y look & d n see1 t !y li/5 & d n he> or und]/&4 ,m5 h long be5 liv+ a life :i* is contr>y to _! consci\sness4 ,if x 7 n = hypocrisy1 !y w\ld n be able to live ?is life4 ,?is ord] ( life1 :i* is contr>y to _! consci\sness1 is cont9u$ only because x is hidd5 "u hypocrisy4 ,! m ! di/ance is gr[+ betwe5 reality & ! consci\sness ( m51 ! m does hypocrisy exp&1 b !re are limits ev5 to hypocrisy1 & x seems to me t 9 our "t we h rea*$ t limit4 ,e man ( our "t1 ) ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness1 :i* is involunt>ily acquir$ by him1 f9ds himself 9 a situation :i* is exactly l t ( a sleep+ man1 :o sees 9 8 sleep t he mu/ d :at he kn[s ev5 9 8 sleep is n "r = him to d4 ,he kn[s ?is 9 ! v dep? ( 8 he>t1 & yet1 z ?\gh unable to *ange 8 position1 he _c /op & cease do+ :at he kn[s he ought n to d4 ,&1 z happ5s 9 sleep1 8 condition1 becom+ m & m agoniz+1 f9ally rea*es ! utmo/ degree ( t5sion1 & !n he beg9s to d\bt ! reality ( :at pres5ts itself to him1 & he makes an ef=t ( consci\sness1 9 ord] to break ! spell t holds him fett]$4 ,9 ! same condition is ! av]age man ( our ,*ri/ian _w4 ,he feels t ev]y?+ :i* is done by himself & ab\t him is some?+ insipid1 mon/r\s1 impossible1 & contr>y to 8 consci\sness1 t ?is condition is becom+ m & m agoniz+1 & has rea*$ ! utmo/ limit ( t5sion4 ,x _c be3 x _c be t ! m5 ( our "t1 ) our ,*ri/ian consci\sness ( ! dignity ( man1 ! equality ( m51 :i* has p]meat$ our fle% & blood1 ) our ne$ = a peaceful int]c\rse & union among ! nations1 %\ld actually be liv+ 9 su* a way t e joy ( ours1 e com=t1 %\ld be paid = by ! suff]+s1 ! lives ( our bro!rs1 & t we1 besides1 %\ld e mom5t be )9 a hair's bread? ( ?r[+ ourselves1 l wild bea/s1 ^u "o ano!r1 nation ^u nation1 m]cilessly de/roy+ lab\r & life1 = no o!r reason ?an t "s delud$ diplomati/ or rul] has said or writt5 some?+ /upid to ano!r delud$ diplomati/ or rul] l himself4 ,x _c be4 ,& yet e man ( our "t sees t x is precisely :at is be+ done1 & t ! same ?+ awaits him4 ,! /ate ( affairs is gett+ m & m agoniz+4 ,z ! man 9 8 sleep does n believe t :at pres5ts itself to him z reality is actually real1 & wants to awak5 to ! o!r1 ! actual reality1 s also ! av]age man ( our "t _c 9 ! dep? ( 8 he>t believe t ! t]rible /ate 9 :i* he is1 & :i* is gett+ worse & worse1 is ! reality1 & he wants to awak5 to ! actual reality1 ! reality ( ! consci\sness :i* already abides 9 him4 ,& z ! man asleep ne$s b make an ef=t ( 8 consci\sness & ask himself :e!r x is n a dream1 9 ord] t :at to him appe>$ z su* a hopeless /ate may be at once de/roy$1 & he may awak5 to a calm & joy\s reality1 ev5 s ! mod]n man ne$s only make an ef=t ( 8 consci\sness1 ne$s only d\bt 9 ! reality ( :at 8 own & ! surr\nd+ hypocrisy pres5ts to him1 & ask himself :e!r x is n all a deception1 9 ord] t he may imm$iately feel himself at once pass+ ov]1 l ! awak5$ man1 f ! imag9>y1 t]rible _w to ! real1 to ! calm & joy\s reality4 ,?is man ne$ n p]=m any acts or exploits1 b has only to make an int]nal ef=t ( consci\sness4 #e ,_c man make ?is ef=t8 ,accord+ to ! exi/+ !ory1 indisp5sable = hypocrisy1 man is n free & _c *ange 8 life4 ,man _c *ange 8 life1 because he is n free2 he is n free1 because all ( 8 acts are condition$ by previ\s causes4 ,no matt] :at a man may d1 !re always exi/ ^! or ^? causes1 f :i* ! man has committ$ ^! or ^? acts1 & s man _c be free & himself *ange 8 life1 say ! def5d]s ( ! metaphysics ( hypocrisy4 ,!y w\ld be absolutely "r1 if man 7 an unconsci\s be+1 immovable 9 relation to tru?2 t is1 if1 hav+ once come to "k ! tru?1 he always rema9$ on ! selfsame /age ( 8 cognition4 ,b man is a consci\s be+1 recogniz+ a high] & /ill high] degree ( ! tru?1 & s1 if a man is n free 9 ! commission ( ?is or t act1 because = e act !re exi/s a cause1 ! v causes ( ^! acts1 :i* = consci\s man consi/ 9 8 recogniz+ ?is or t tru? z an adequate cause = 8 action1 are )9 man's p[]4 ,?us man1 :o is n free 9 ! commission ( ^! or ^? acts1 is free z reg>ds ! basis = 8 acts1 some?+ z ! eng9e] ( a locomotive1 :o is n free z reg>ds ! *ange ( an accompli%$ or actual motion ( ! locomotive1 is none ! less free 9 det]m9+ be=eh& its future motions4 ,no matt] :at a consci\s man may d1 he acts 9 ?is way or t1 & n o!rwise1 only because he ei!r n[ recognizes t ! tru? is t he ought to act z he does1 or because he =m]ly recogniz$ x1 & n[ f in]tia1 f habit1 acts 9 a mann] :i* n[ he recognizes to be false4 ,9 ei!r case ! cause ( 8 act 0 n a giv5 ph5om5on1 b ! recognition ( a giv5 condition z ! tru? &1 consequ5tly1 ! recognition ( ?is or t ph5om5on z an adequate cause ( 8 act4 ,:e!r a man eats or ab/a9s f food1 :e!r he works or re/s1 runs f dang] or is subject to x1 if he is a consci\s man1 he acts z he does only because he n[ consid]s ?is to be prop] & rational3 he consid]s ! tru? to consi/ 9 8 act+ ?is way1 & n o!rwise1 or he has consid]$ x s = a long "t4 ,! recognition ( a c]ta9 tru? or ! non-recognition ( x does n dep5d on ext]nal causes1 b on "s o!rs1 :i* are 9 man himself4 ,?us ) all ! ext]nal1 app>5tly advantage\s conditions = ! recognition ( tru?1 "o man at times does n recognize x1 &1 on ! contr>y1 ano!r1 "u all ! mo/ unfav\rable conditions1 )\t any app>5t cause1 does recognize x4 ,z x says 9 ! ,gospel3 ,no man c come to me1 except ! ,fa!r draw him 7,john vi4 #dd71 t is1 ! recognition ( ! tru?1 :i* =ms ! cause ( all ! ph5om5a ( human life1 does n dep5d on ext]nal ph5om5a1 b on "s int]nal qualities ( man1 :i* are n subject to 8 obs]vation4 ,& s a man1 :o is n free 9 8 acts1 always feels himself free 9 :at s]ves z ! cause ( 8 actions1--9 ! recognition or non-recognition ( ! tru?1 & feels himself free1 n only indep5d5tly ( ext]nal conditions tak+ place outside him1 b ev5 ( 8 own acts4 ,?us a man1 hav+ "u ! influ5ce ( passion committ$ an act :i* is contr>y to ! cogniz$ tru?1 none ! less rema9s free 9 its recognition or non-recognition1 t is1 he c1 )\t recogniz+ ! tru?1 reg>d 8 act z necess>y & ju/ify himself 9 its commission1 & c1 by recogniz+ ! tru?1 consid] 8 act bad & condemn x 9 himself4 ,?us a gambl] or a drunk>d1 :o has n )/ood temptation & has succumb$ to 8 passion1 rema9s none ! less free to recognize 8 gambl+ or 8 intoxication ei!r z an evil or z an indiff]5t amusem5t4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 he1 ?\gh n at once1 frees himself f 8 passion1 ! m1 z he ! m s9c]ely recognizes ! tru?2 9 ! second1 he /r5g!ns 8 passion & deprives himself ( e possibility ( lib]ation4 ,ev5 s a man1 :o c\ld n /& ! heat & ran out ( a burn+ h\se )\t hav+ sav$ 8 companion1 rema9s free 7by recogniz+ ! tru? t a man mu/ s]ve ! lives ( o!rs at ! risk ( 8 own life7 to consid] 8 act bad1 & s to condemn himself = x1 or 7by n recogniz+ ?is tru?7 to consid] 8 act natural1 & necess>y1 & to ju/ify himself 9 x4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 9 recogniz+ ! tru?1 he1 9 spite ( 8 dep>ture f x1 prep>es = himself a :ole s]ies ( self-sacrific+ acts1 :i* inevitably mu/ result f su* a recognition2 9 ! second case1 he prep>es a :ole s]ies ( egoti/ical acts1 :i* are oppos$ to ! fir/4 ,n t a man is always free to recognize e tru?1 or n4 ,!re are tru?s :i* h long ago be5 recogniz$ by a man himself or h be5 transmitt$ to him by education & tradition1 & h be5 tak5 by him on fai?1 ! execution ( :i* has become to him a habit1 a second nature2 & !re are tru?s :i* pres5t !mselves to him indi/9ctly1 9 ! di/ance4 ,a man is equally unfree 9 ! non-recognition ( ! fir/ & ! recognition ( ! second4 ,b !re is a ?ird class ( tru?s1 :i* h n yet become = man an unconsci\s motive = 8 activity1 b :i* at ! same "t h already reveal$ !mselves to him ) su* lucidity t he _c evade !m1 & mu/ inevitably take up ?is or t relation to !m1 by recogniz+ or n recogniz+ !m4 ,x is 9 relation to ^! same tru?s t man's fre$om is manife/$4 ,e man f9ds himself 9 8 life 9 relation to tru? 9 ! position ( a w&]] :o walks 9 ! d>k by ! light ( a lant]n mov+ 9 front ( him3 he does n see :at is n yet illum9at$ by ! lant]n1 nor :at he has pass$ ov] & :at is aga9 envelop$ 9 d>kness1 & x is n 9 8 p[] to *ange 8 relation to ei!r2 b he sees1 no matt] on :at "p ( ! pa? he may /&1 :at is illum9at$ by ! lant]n1 & x is always 9 8 p[] to select "o side ( ! road on :i* he is mov+1 or ! o!r4 ,= e man !re always are tru?s1 invisible to him1 :i* h n yet be5 reveal$ to 8 m5tal vision2 !re are o!r tru?s1 already outliv$1 =gott51 & made 8 own2 & !re are c]ta9 tru?s :i* h aris5 be=e him 9 ! light ( 8 reason & :i* dem& 8 recognition4 ,x is 9 ! recognition or non-recognition ( ^! tru?s t !re is manife/$ :at we cognize z our fre$om4 ,! :ole difficulty & seem+ insolubility ( ! "q ab\t man's fre$om is due to ?is1 t ! m5 :o decide ?is "q pres5t man to !mselves z immovable 9 relation to tru?4 ,man is unque/ionably n free1 if we repres5t him to ourselves z immovable1 if we =get t ! life ( man & ( humanity is only a con/ant motion f d>kness to ! light1 f ! l[] /age ( ! tru? to ! high]1 f a tru? :i* is mix$ ) errors to a tru? :i* is m free f !m4 ,man w\ld n be free1 if he did n "k any tru?1 & he w\ld n be free & w\ld n ev5 h any idea ab\t fre$om1 if ! :ole tru?1 :i* is to guide him 9 8 life1 7 reveal$ to him 9 all its purity1 )\t any admixture ( errors4 ,b man is n immovable 9 relation to tru?1 & e individual man1 z also all humanity1 9 proportion to its movem5t 9 life1 con/antly cognizes a great] & ev] great] degree ( ! tru?1 & is m & m fre$ f error4 ,!re=e m5 always are 9 a ?reefold relation to tru?3 "o set ( tru?s has be5 s acquir$ by !m t ^! tru?s h become unconsci\s causes ( _! actions1 o!rs h only begun to be reveal$ to !m1 & ! ?ird1 ?\gh n yet made _! own1 are reveal$ to !m ) su* a degree ( lucidity t inevitably1 9 "o way or ano!r1 !y mu/ take up "s /& 9 relation to !m1 mu/ recognize !m1 or n4 ,x is 9 ! recognition or non-recognition ( ^! tru?s t man is free4 ,man's fre$om does n consi/ 9 ?is1 t he c1 indep5d5tly ( ! c\rse ( 8 life & ( causes already exi/+ & act+ ^u him1 commit arbitr>y acts1 b 9 ?is1 t he c1 by recogniz+ ! tru? reveal$ to him & by pr(ess+ x1 become a free & joy\s p]=m] ( ! et]nal & inf9ite act p]=m$ by ,god or ! life ( ! _w1 & c1 by n recogniz+ ! tru?1 become its slave & be =cibly & pa9fully drawn 9 a direction :i* he does n wi% to take4 ,tru? n only indicates ! pa? ( human life1 b also reveals t "o pa?1 on :i* human life c proce$4 ,& s all m5 w inevitably1 freely or n freely1 walk on ! pa? ( life3 "s1 by naturally do+ ! "w ( life de/9$ = !m1 o!rs1 by involunt>ily submitt+ to ! law ( life4 ,man's fre$om is 9 ?is *oice4 ,su* a fre$om1 )9 su* n>r[ limits1 seems to m5 to be s insignificant t !y d n notice x3 "s 7! det]m9i/s7 consid] ?is portion ( fre$om to be s small t !y d n recognize x at all2 o!rs1 ! def5d]s ( complete fre$om1 hav+ 9 view _! imag9>y fre$om1 neglect ?is seem+ly insignificant degree ( fre$om4 ,! fre$om :i* is conta9$ betwe5 ! limits ( ! ignorance ( ! tru? & ( ! recognition ( a c]ta9 degree ( x does n seem to m5 to be any fre$om1 ! m s s9ce1 :e!r a man wants to recognize ! tru? :i* is reveal$ to him or n1 he inevitably w be compell$ to fulfil x 9 life4 ,a horse t is hit*$ ) o!rs to a wagon is n free n to walk 9 front ( ! wagon2 & if x w n draw1 ! wagon w /rike its legs1 & x w g :i!r ! wagon goes1 & w pull x involunt>ily4 ,b1 9 spite ( ?is limit$ fre$om1 x is free itself to pull ! wagon or be dragg$ along by x4 ,! same is true ( man4 ,:e!r ?is fre$om is great or n1 9 comp>ison ) t fanta/ic fre$om :i* we %\ld l to h1 ?is fre$om unque/ionably exi/s1 & ?is fre$om is fre$om1 & 9 ?is fre$om is conta9$ ! good :i* is accessible to man4 ,n only does ?is fre$om give ! good to m51 b x is also ! "o means = ! accompli%m5t ( ! "w :i* is done by ! life ( ! _w4 ,accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 ! man :o sees ! mean+ ( life 9 ! sph]e 9 :i* x is n free1 9 ! sph]e ( consequ5ces1 t is1 ( acts1 has n ! true life4 ,accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 only he has ! true life :o has transf]r$ 8 life into t sph]e 9 :i* x is free1 into ! sph]e ( causes1 t is1 ( ! cognition & ! recognition ( ! tru? :i* is reveal+ itself1 ( its pr(ession1 & s inevitably ( its consequ5t fulfilm5t z ! wagon's foll[+ ! horse4 ,9 plac+ 8 life 9 c>nal ?+s1 a man does t "w :i* is always 9 dep5d5ce on spatial & temporal causes1 :i* are outside ( him4 ,he himself really does no?+1--x only seems to him t he is do+ some?+1 b 9 reality all ^? ?+s :i* x seems to him he is do+ are done ?r\gh him by a high] p[]1 & he is n ! creator ( life1 b its slave2 b 9 plac+ 8 life 9 ! recognition & pr(ession ( ! tru? t is reveal$ to him1 he1 by unit+ ) ! s\rce ( ! univ]sal life1 does n d p]sonal1 private works1 :i* dep5d on conditions ( space & "t1 b works :i* h no causes & !mselves =m causes ( ev]y?+ else1 & h an endless1 unlimit$ significance4 ,by neglect+ ! ess5ce ( ! true life1 :i* consi/s 9 ! recognition & pr(ession ( ! tru?1 & by /ra9+ _! ef=ts = ! amelioration ( _! lives ^u ext]nal acts1 ! m5 ( ! pagan life-conception are l m5 on a boat1 :o1 9 ord] to rea* _! goal1 %\ld put out ! boil]1 :i* keeps !m f di/ribut+ ! o>sm51 &1 in/ead ( proce$+ "u /eam & screw1 %\ld try 9 a /orm to r[ ) o>s t d n rea* to ! wat]4 ,! k+dom ( ,god is tak5 by =ce & only ^? :o make an ef=t get hold ( x1--& x is ?is ef=t ( ! r5unciation ( ! *ange ( ! ext]nal conditions = ! recognition & pr(ession ( tru? :i* is ! ef=t by means ( :i* ! k+dom ( ,god is tak5 & :i* mu/ & c be made 9 our "t4 ,m5 ne$ b und]/& ?is3 !y ne$ b /op tr\bl+ !mselves ab\t ext]nal & g5]al matt]s1 9 :i* !y are n free1 & use b "o hundr$? "p ( ! en]gy1 :i* !y employ on ext]nal matt]s1 on :at !y are free 91 on ! recognition & pr(ession ( ! tru? :i* /&s be=e !m1 on ! emancipation ( !mselves & ( m5 f ! lie & hypocrisy :i* conceal ! tru?1 9 ord] t )\t ef=t & /ruggle !re %\ld at once be de/roy$ t false /ructure ( life :i* torm5ts p & ?reat5s !m ) /ill worse calamities1 & t !re %\ld be realiz$ t k+dom ( ,god or at lea/ t fir/ /ep ( x1 = :i* m5 are already prep>$ accord+ to _! consci\sness4 ,j z "o jolt is suffici5t = a liquid t is saturat$ ) salt sudd5ly to become cry/alliz$1 ?us1 p]haps1 ! smalle/ ef=t w suffice = ! tru?1 :i* is already reveal$ to m51 to take hold ( hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 millions ( m51--= a public op9ion to be e/abli%$ to correspond to ! consci\sness1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( its e/abli%m5t1 = ! :ole /ructure ( ! exi/+ life to be *ang$4 ,& x dep5ds on u to make ?is ef=t4 ,if e "o ( u w\ld only try to und]/& & recognize ! ,*ri/ian tru? :i* surr\nds u on all sides 9 ! mo/ v>i$ =ms1 & begs = admission into our s\ls2 if we only /opp$ ly+ & pret5d+ t we d n see t tru?1 or t we wi% to c>ry x out1 only n 9 :at x fir/ ( all dem&s ( u2 if we only recogniz$ ! tru? :i* calls u & boldly pr(ess$ x1 we %\ld imm$iately see t hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 millions ( m5 are 9 ! same condition t we are 91 t !y see ! tru?1 j z we d1 & t1 l u1 !y are only wait+ = o!rs to recognize x4 ,if m5 only /opp$ be+ hypocritical1 !y w\ld see at once t ! cruel /ructure ( life1 :i* alone b9ds !m & :i* pres5ts itself to !m z some?+ firm1 indisp5sable1 & sacr$1 z some?+ e/abli%$ by ,god1 is %ak+ already & is hold+ only by t lie ( hypocrisy by means ( :i* we & our l support x4 ,b if ?is is s1 if x is true t x dep5ds on u to de/roy ! exi/+ ord] ( life1 h we ! "r to de/roy x1 )\t kn[+ cle>ly :at we %all put 9 its place8 ,:at w become ( ! _w1 if ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s %all be de/roy$8 ,:at w be !re1 beyond ! walls ( ! _w :i* we leave beh9d8 7,h]z5's words47 ,t]ror seizes u1--! void1 expanse1 fre$om4444 ,h[ c we g1 )\t kn[+ :i!r8 ,h[ c we lose1 )\t see+ any acquisition8 ,if ,columbus _h reflect$ ?us1 he w\ld nev] h weigh$ an*or4 ,x is madness to sail ! sea )\t kn[+ ! way1 to sail ! sea no "o has trav]s$ be=e1 to make = a c\ntry1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* is a "q4 ,) ?is madness he discov]$ a new _w4 ,( c\rse1 if ! nations c\ld move f "o htel g>ni into ano!r1 a bett] "o1 x w\ld be easi]1 b un=tunately !re is no "o to arrange ! new qu>t]s4 ,9 ! future x is worse ?an on ! sea1--!re is no?+1--x w be :at circum/ances & m5 make x4 ,if y are satisfi$ ) ! old _w1 try to pres]ve x1--x is v decrepit & w n la/ long2 b if x is unbe>able = y to live 9 an et]nal discord betwe5 convictions & life1 to ?9k "o ?+ & d ano!r1 come out f "u ! :it$ m$ival vaults at y\r risk4 ,i "k full well t ?is is n easy4 ,x is n a trifl+ matt] to "p f ev]y?+ a man is accu/om$ to f ! day ( 8 bir?1 ) :at he has gr[n up ) f *ildhood4 ,m5 are prep>$ = t]rible sacrifices1 b n = ^? :i* ! new life dem&s ( !m4 ,are !y prep>$ to sacrifice mod]n civilization1 _! mann] ( life1 _! religion1 ! accept$ conv5tional morality8 ,are !y prep>$ to be depriv$ ( all ! fruits :i* h be5 work$ out ) su* ef=ts1 ( ! fruits we h be5 boa/+ ( = ?ree c5turies1 to be depriv$ ( all ! com=ts & *>ms ( our exi/5ce1 to pref] wild y\? to cultur$ debility1 to break up _! inh]it$ palace f ! m]e pleasure ( tak+ "p 9 lay+ ! f\ndation = ! new h\se1 :i* w1 no d\bt1 be built aft] u8 7,h]z51 ,vol4 ,v41 p4 #ee47 ,?us spoke almo/ half a c5tury ago a ,russian au?or1 :o ) 8 p5etrat+ m9d ev5 at t "t saw v cle>ly :at n[ is se5 by ! lea/ reflect+ man ( our "t1--! impossibility ( cont9u+ life on its =m] f\ndations1 & ! necessity = e/abli%+ "s new =ms ( life4 ,f ! simple/1 l[e/1 worldly po9t ( view x is already cle> t x is madness to rema9 "u ! vault ( a build+1 :i* does n su/a9 its weight1 & t x is necess>y to leave x4 ,inde$1 x is h>d to imag9e a /ate :i* is m wret*$ ?an ! "o 9 :i* is n[ ! ,*ri/ian _w1 ) its nations arm$ aga9/ ea* o!r1 ) ! ev] gr[+ taxes = ! support ( ^! ev] gr[+ armam5ts1 ) ! hatr$ ( ! lab\r+ class aga9/ ! ri*1 :i* is be+ fann$ m & m1 ) ,damocles's sword ( w> hang+ ov] all1 & ready at any mom5t to drop d[n1 & inevitably c]ta9 to d s soon] or lat]4 ,h>dly any revolution c be m wret*$ = ! great mass ( ! p ?an ! con/antly exi/+ ord]1 or r disord]1 ( our life1 ) its habitual sacrifices ( unnatural lab\r1 pov]ty1 drunk5ness1 debau*]y1 & ) all ! horrors ( an imm95t w>1 :i* is 9 "o ye> to swall[ up m victims ?an all ! revolutions ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,:at w happ5 ) u1 ) all humanity1 :5 ea* "o ( u %all p]=m :at is dem&$ ( him by ,god ?r\gh ! consci5ce :i* is implant$ 9 him8 ,w !re be no calamity1 because1 f9d+ myself entirely 9 ! p[] ( ! ,ma/]1 ,i 9 ! e/abli%m5t built up & guid$ by ,him %all d :at ,he comm&s me to d1 b :at seems /range to me1 :o d n "k ! f9al ends ( ! ,ma/]8 ,b x is n ev5 ?is "q z to :at w happ5 t tr\bles m51 :5 !y hesitate to d ! ,ma/]'s w3 !y are tr\bl$ by ! "q z to h[ !y c\ld live )\t ^? conditions ( _! life :i* !y h become accu/om$ to1 & :i* we call sci5ce1 art1 civilization1 culture4 ,we feel = ourselves p]sonally ! :ole burd5 ( ! pres5t life1 we ev5 see t ! ord] ( ?is life1 if cont9u$1 w inevitably cause our ru92 b1 at ! same "t1 we want ! conditions ( ?is our life1 :i* h gr[n out ( x1 our arts1 sci5ces1 civilizations1 cultures1 to rema9 unh>m$ 9 ! *ange ( our life4 ,x is z ?\gh a man liv+ 9 an old h\se1 suff]+ f ! cold & ! inconv5i5ces ( ?is h\se1 & kn[+1 besides1 t ?is h\se is ab\t to fall 91 %\ld cons5t to its rebuild+ only on condition t he %\ld n come out ( x3 a condition :i* is equal to a refusal to rebuild ! h\se4 ,:at if ,i leave ! h\se1 = a "t am depriv$ ( all com=ts1 & ! new h\se w n be built at all or w be built 9 su* a way t x w lack :at ,i am us$ to8 ,b1 if ! mat]ial is on h& & ! build]s are !re1 all ! probabilities are 9 fav\r ( ! new h\se be+ bett] ?an ! old "o1 & at ! same "t !re is n only a probability1 b ev5 a c]ta9ty1 t ! old h\se w fall 9 & w cru% ^? :o are left 9 x4 ,:e!r ! =m]1 habitual conditions ( life w be reta9$1 :e!r !y w be de/roy$1 or :e!r entirely new ones1 bett] ones1 w arise1 x is inevitably necess>y to leave ! old conditions ( our life1 :i* h become impossible & p]nici\s1 & to g ahead & meet ! future conditions4 ,! sci5ces1 arts1 civilizations1 & cultures w disappe>6 ,all ^! are only diff]5t manife/ations ( ! tru?1 & ! imm95t *ange is to take place only 9 ! "n ( an approximation to tru? & its realization4 ,h[1 !n1 c ! manife/ations ( ! tru? disappe> 9 consequ5ce ( its realization8 ,!y w be diff]5t1 bett]1 & high]1 b !y w by no means be de/roy$4 ,:at w be de/roy$ 9 !m is :at is false2 b :at !re 0 ( tru? 9 !m w only blossom out & be /r5g!n$4 #f ,come to y\r s5ses1 m51 & believe 9 ! ,gospel1 9 ! tea*+ ( ! good4 ,if y %all n come to y\r s5ses1 y w all p]i%1 z p]i%$ ! m5 :o 7 kill$ by ,pilate1 z p]i%$ ^? :o 7 cru%$ by ! t[] ( ,siloam1 z p]i%$ millions & millions ( m51 slay]s & sla91 execution]s & execut$1 torm5tors & torm5t$1 & z fooli%ly p]i%$ t man :o fill$ up 8 gran>ies & prep>$ himself to live = a long "t1 & di$ ! same night on :i* he want$ to beg9 8 new life4 ,come to y\r s5ses & believe 9 ! ,gospel1 ,*ri/ said eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 & says n[ ) ev5 great] conv9c+ness1 ?r\gh ! utt] wret*$ness & irrationality ( our life1 pr$ict$ by ,him & n[ an accompli%$ fact4 ,n[1 aft] s _m c5turies ( va9 endeav\rs to make our life secure by means ( ! pagan in/itution ( viol5ce1 x w\ld seem to be absolutely obvi\s to ev]ybody t all ! ef=ts :i* are direct$ t[>d ?is end only introduce new dang]s into our p]sonal & social life1 b 9 no way make x secure4 ,no matt] :at we may call ourselves2 :at attires we may put on2 :at we may sme> ourselves )1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( :at prie/s2 h[ _m millions we may h2 :at protection !re may be along our pa?2 h[ _m policem5 may protect our weal?2 h[ mu* we may execute ! s-call$ revolution>y malefactors & an>*i/s2 :at exploits we ourselves may p]=m2 :at k+doms we may f\nd1 & :at =tresses & t[]s we may erect1 f t ( ,babel to t ( ,eiffel1--we are all ( u at all times confront$ by two inevitable conditions ( our life1 :i* de/roy its :ole mean+3 7#a7 by dea?1 :i* may ov]take any ( u at any mom5t1 & 7#b7 by ! imp]man5cy ( all ! acts p]=m$ by u1 :i* are rapidly & tracklessly de/roy$4 ,no matt] :at we may d1 :e!r we f\nd k+doms1 build palaces1 erect monum5ts1 compose poems1 x is b = a %ort "t1 & ev]y?+ passes1 )\t leav+ a trace4 ,& s1 no matt] h[ mu* we may conceal ! fact f ourselves1 we _c help b see t ! mean+ ( our life c be nei!r 9 our p]sonal1 c>nal exi/5ce1 :i* is subject to inevitable suff]+s & inevitable dea?1 nor 9 any worldly in/itution or /ructure4 ,:oev] y1 ! read] ( ^! l9es1 may be1 ?9k ( y\r condition & ( y\r duties1--n ( ! condition ( l&[n]1 m]*ant1 judge1 emp]or1 presid5t1 m9i/]1 prie/1 soldi]1 :i* p tempor>ily ascribe to y1 nor ( ^? imag9>y duties1 :i* ^! positions impose ^u y1 b ( t real1 et]nal condition ( exi/5ce1 :i* by somebody's w aft] a :ole et]nity ( non-exi/5ce has issu$ =? f unconsci\sness1 & at any mom5t by somebody's w may return to :]e y come f4 ,?9k ( y\r duties1--n ( y\r imag9>y duties z a l&[n] to y\r e/ate1 ( a m]*ant to y\r capital1 ( an emp]or1 m9i/]1 (ficial to ! /ate1--b ( ^? real duties ( y\rs1 :i* result f y\r real condition ( exi/5ce1 :i* is call$ into life & is end[$ ) reason & love4 ,are y do+ :at is dem&$ ( y by ,him :o has s5t y into ! _w1 & to :om y w v soon return8 ,are y do+ :at ,he is dem&+ ( y8 ,are y do+ :at is "r1 :51 be+ a l&[n]1 manufactur]1 y take away ! productions ( lab\r f ! poor1 build+ up y\r life on ?is spoliation1 or :51 be+ a rul]1 a judge1 y d viol5ce to p & s5t5ce !m to capital puni%m5t1 or :51 be+ a soldi]1 y prep>e y\rself = w>s1 & wage w>1 plund]1 & kill8 ,y say t ! _w is con/ruct$ t way1 t ?is is unavoidable1 t y are n do+ ?is ( y\r own w1 b t y are compell$ to d s4 ,b is x possible t ! av]sion = human suff]+s1 = tortures1 = ! kill+ ( m5 %\ld be s deeply implant$ 9 y2 t y %\ld be s imbu$ ) ! necessity = lov+ m5 & ! /ill m pot5t necessity ( be+ lov$ by !m2 t y %\ld cle>ly see t only ) ! recognition ( ! equality ( all m51 ) _! mutual s]vice1 is possible ! realization ( ! greate/ good :i* is accessible to m52 t y\r he>t1 y\r intellect1 ! religion pr(ess$ by y %\ld tell y ! same2 t sci5ce %\ld tell y ! same1--& t1 9 spite ( x1 y %\ld be by "s v dim1 complex consid]ations compell$ to d :at is precisely oppos$ to x8 t1 be+ a l&[n] or a capitali/1 y %\ld be compell$ to con/ruct all y\r life on ! oppression ( ! masses8 or t1 be+ an emp]or or a presid5t1 y %\ld be compell$ to comm& troops1 t is1 to be ! lead] & guide ( murd]]s8 or t1 be+ a gov]nm5t (ficial1 y %\ld be compell$ by viol5ce to take f poor p _! h>d-e>n$ money1 9 ord] to use x y\rself & give x to ! ri*8 or t1 be+ a judge1 a juror1 y %\ld be compell$ to s5t5ce err+ m5 to tortures & to dea?1 because ! tru? has n be5 reveal$ to !m8 or t1--a ?+ on :i* all ! evil ( ! _w is *iefly bas$1--y1 e "y man1 %\ld be compell$ to become a soldi] &1 r5\nc+ y\r own w & all human s5tim5ts1 %\ld promise1 at ! w ( m5 :o are ali5 to y1 to kill all ^? m5 :om !y may comm& y to kill8 ,x _c be4 ,ev5 ?\gh m5 tell y t all ?is is necess>y = ! ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ /ructure ( life2 t ! exi/+ ord]1 ) its wret*$ness1 hung]1 prisons1 executions1 armies1 w>s1 is indisp5sable = society2 t1 if ?is ord] %\ld be impair$1 !re w\ld come worse calamities1--x is only ^? to :om ?is /ructure ( life is advantage\s t tell y ?is1 :ile ^?--& !re are t5 times z _m ( !m--:o are suff]+ f ?is /ructure ( life ?9k & say ! v opposite4 ,y y\rself "k 9 ! dep? ( y\r he>t t ?is is n true1 t ! exi/+ /ructure ( life has outliv$ its "t & soon mu/ be recon/ruct$ on new pr9ciples1 & t1 !re=e1 !re is no ne$ to ma9ta9 x1 :ile sacrific+ human s5tim5ts4 ,above all else1 ev5 if we admit t ! exi/+ ord] is necess>y1 :y d y feel y\rself oblig$ to ma9ta9 x1 :ile trampl+ on all bett] human s5tim5ts8 ,:o has engag$ y z a nurse to ?is decay+ ord]8 ,nei!r society1 nor ! /ate1 nor any m5 h ev] ask$ y to ma9ta9 ?is ord]1 by hold+ ! place ( l&[n]1 m]*ant1 emp]or1 prie/1 soldi]1 :i* y n[ hold2 & y "k full well t y took up y\r position1 n at all ) ! self-sacrific+ purpose ( ma9ta9+ an ord] ( life :i* is indisp5sable = ! good ( m51 b = y\r own sake1--= ! sake ( y\r gre$1 love ( glory1 ambition1 indol5ce1 c[>dice4 ,if y did n want ?is position1 y w\ld n be do+ ev]y?+ x is necess>y = y to d all ! "t1 9 ord] to keep y\r place4 ,j try to /op do+ ^? complex1 cruel1 tricky1 & mean ?+s1 :i* y are do+ )\t cessation 9 ord] to keep y\r place1 & y w imm$iately lose x4 ,j try1 :ile be+ a rul] or an (ficial1 to /op ly+1 committ+ base acts1 tak+ "p 9 acts ( viol5ce1 9 executions2 be+ a prie/1 to /op deceiv+2 be+ a soldi]1 to /op kill+2 be+ a l&[n]1 a manufactur]1 to /op protect+ y\r prop]ty by means ( ! c\rts & ( viol5ce1--& y w at once lose ! position :i*1 y say1 is impos$ ^u y1 & :i*1 y say1 weighs heavily ^u y4 ,x _c be t a man %\ld be plac$ aga9/ 8 w 9 a position :i* is contr>y to 8 consci\sness4 ,if y are 9 ?is position1 x is n because t is necess>y = anybody1 b because y want x4 ,& s1 kn[+ t ?is position is directly oppos$ to y\r he>t1 y\r reason1 y\r fai?1 & ev5 to sci5ce1 9 :i* y believe1 y _c help b m$itate on ! "q z to :e!r y are do+ "r by /ay+ 9 ?is position &1 above all1 by try+ to ju/ify x4 ,y might be able to risk mak+ a mi/ake1 if y _h "t to see & correct y\r mi/ake1 & if t 9 ! "n ( :i* y %\ld take y\r risk _h any importance4 ,b :5 y "k = c]ta9 t y may vani% any second1 )\t ! slighte/ *ance ( correct+ ! mi/ake1 ei!r = y\r own sake or = ! sake ( ^? :om y w draw into y\r error1 & :5 y "k1 besides1 t1 no matt] :at y may d 9 ! ext]nal /ructure ( ! _w1 x w disappe> v soon1 & j z c]ta9ly z y y\rself1 )\t leav+ any trace1 x is obvi\s to y t y h no reason to risk su* a t]rible mi/ake4 ,?is is all s simple & s cle>1 if only we did n ) hypocrisy b$im ! tru? :i* is reveal$ to u4 ,%>e ) o!rs :at y h1 d n amass any weal?1 d n glorify y\rself1 d n plund]1 d n torture1 d n kill any "o1 d n d unto o!rs :at y d n wi% to h done to y\rself1 0 said1 n eighte5 hundr$1 b five ?\s& ye>s ago1 & !re c\ld be no d\bt z to ! tru? ( ?is law1 if !re 7 no hypocrisy3 x w\ld h be5 impossible1 if n to d s1 at lea/ n to recognize t we ought always to d s1 & t he :o does n d s is do+ wrong4 ,b y say t !re also exi/s a common good1 = :i* x is possible & necess>y to dep>t f ^! rules1--= ! common good x is "r to kill1 torture1 rob4 ,x is bett] = "o man to p]i%1 ?an t a :ole nation %\ld p]i%1 y say1 l ,caiaphas1 & y sign "o1 two1 ?ree dea?-w>rants1 load y\r gun = t man :o is to p]i% = ! common good1 put him 9 prison1 take away 8 prop]ty4 ,y say t y d ^! cruel ?+s1 because y feel y\rself to be a man ( society1 ! /ate1 "u obligation to s]ve x & to c>ry out its laws1 a l&[n]1 a judge1 an emp]or1 a soldi]4 ,b1 besides y\r belong+ to a c]ta9 /ate1 & ! obligations result+ !refrom1 y also belong to ! inf9ite life ( ! _w & to ,god1 & h c]ta9 obligations result+ f ?is relation4 ,& z y\r duties1 :i* result f y\r belong+ to a c]ta9 family1 a c]ta9 society1 are always subord9at$ to ! high] duties1 :i* result f y\r belong+ to ! /ate1 s also y\r obligations1 :i* result f y\r belong+ to ! /ate1 mu/ necess>ily be subord9at$ to ! duties :i* result f y\r belong+ to ! life ( ! _w1 to ,god4 ,& z x w\ld be s5seless to cut d[n ! telegraph-po/s1 9 ord] to provide fuel = ! family or society1 & to increase its well-be+1 because ?is w\ld violate ! laws :i* pres]ve ! good ( ! /ate1 s x w\ld be s5seless1 = ! purpose ( mak+ ! /ate secure & increas+ its well-be+1 to torture1 execute1 kill a man1 because ?is violates ! unque/ionable laws :i* pres]ve ! good ( ! _w4 ,y\r obligations1 :i* result f y\r belong+ to ! /ate1 _c help b be subord9at$ to ! high] et]nal duty1 :i* results f y\r belong+ to ! inf9ite life ( ! _w1 or to ,god1 & _c contradict !m1 z ,*ri/'s disciples said eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago3 ,:e!r x be "r 9 ! sight ( ,god to he>k5 unto y m ?an unto ,god1 judge ye 7,acts iv4 #ai71 &1 ,we ought to obey ,god r ?an m5 7,acts v4 #bi74 ,y are assur$ t1 9 ord] n to violate ! con/antly *ang+ ord]1 :i* 0 ye/]day e/abli%$ by "s m5 9 "s corn] ( ! _w1 y mu/ commit acts ( torture & murd] sep>ate m51 :o violate ! et]nal1 inv>iable ord] ( ! univ]se1 :i* 0 e/abli%$ by ,god1 or by reason4 ,c t be8 ,& s y _c help b m$itate on y\r position z a l&[n]1 m]*ant1 judge1 emp]or1 presid5t1 m9i/]1 prie/1 soldi]1 :i* is connect$ ) oppression1 viol5ce1 deception1 tortures1 & murd]s1 & y _c help b recognize _! illegality4 ,i d n say t1 if y are a l&[n]1 y %\ld at once give y\r l& to ! poor2 if y are a capitali/1 y %\ld at once give y\r money1 y\r factory to ! lab\r]s2 if y are a k+1 a m9i/]1 an (ficial1 a judge1 a g5]al1 y %\ld at once give up y\r advantage\s position2 if y are a soldi] 7t is1 occupy a position on :i* all viol5ce is bas$71 y %\ld1 9 spite ( all ! dang]s ( a refusal to obey1 at once ?r[ up y\r position4 ,if y d s1 y w d ! v be/ possible2 b x may happ5--& ?is is mo/ likely--t y w n h ! /r5g? to d s3 y h connections1 a family1 inf]iors1 sup]iors2 y may be "u su* a /rong influ5ce ( temptations t y w n be able to d s1--b y are always able to recognize ! tru? z a tru?1 & to /op ly+4 ,d n ass]t t y rema9 a l&$ proprietor1 a manufactur]1 a m]*ant1 an arti/1 a writ]1 because ?is is useful = m52 t y are s]v+ z a gov]nor1 a prosecutor1 a k+1 n because t gives y pleasure & y are us$ to x1 b = ! good ( humanity2 t y cont9ue to be a soldi]1 n because y are afraid ( puni%m5t1 b because y consid] ! army indisp5sable = ! security ( human life2 y c always keep f ly+ ?us to y\rself & to m51 & y are n only able1 b ev5 mu/ d s1 because 9 ?is alone1 9 ! lib]ation ( oneself f ! lie & 9 ! pr(ession ( ! tru?1 does ! only good ( y\r life consi/4 ,y ne$ b d ?is1 & y\r position w inevitably *ange ( its own accord4 ,!re is "o1 only "o ?+ 9 :i* y are free & almighty 9 y\r life1--ev]y?+ else is beyond y\r p[]4 ,?is ?+ is1 to recognize ! tru? & to pr(ess x4 ,sudd5ly1 because j su* mis]able1 err+ p l y\rself h assur$ y t y are a soldi]1 emp]or1 l&$ proprietor1 ri* man1 prie/1 g5]al1 y beg9 to d evil1 :i* is obvi\sly & unque/ionably contr>y to y\r reason & he>t3 y beg9 to torture1 rob1 kill m51 to build up y\r life on _! suff]+s1 &1 above all1 in/ead ( do+ ! "o "w ( y\r life1--recogniz+ & pr(ess+ ! tru? :i* is kn[n to y1--y c>efully pret5d t y d n "k x1 & conceal x f y\rself & f o!rs1 do+ ?us :at is directly oppos$ to ! "o ?+ to :i* y h be5 call$4 ,& "u :at conditions d y d t8 ,y1 :o are likely to die at any mom5t1 sign a s5t5ce ( dea?1 decl>e w>1 g to w>1 sit 9 judgm5t1 torture1 fleece ! lab\r]s1 live luxuri\sly among ! poor1 & tea* weak1 tru/ful p t ?is mu/ be s1 & t 9 ?is does ! duty ( m5 consi/1 & y are runn+ ! *ance t1 at ! mom5t t y are do+ ?is1 a bact]ium or a bullet w fly into y1 & y w rattle 9 y\r ?roat & die1 & w = ev] be depriv$ ( ! possibility ( correct+ & *ang+ ! evil :i* y h done to o!rs &1 above all1 to y\rself1 los+ = no?+ ! life :i* is giv5 to y b once 9 a :ole et]nity1 )\t hav+ done ! "o ?+ :i* y ought unque/ionably to h done4 ,h[ev] simple & old ?is may be1 & h[ev] mu* we may h /upefi$ ourselves by hypocrisy & ! auto-sugge/ion result+ f x1 no?+ c de/roy ! absolute c]ta9ty ( t simple & cle> tru? t no ext]nal ef=ts c safegu>d our life1 :i* is inevitably connect$ ) unavoidable suff]+s & :i* ends 9 /ill m unavoidable dea?1 t may come to ea* ( u at any mom5t1 & t1 !re=e1 our life c h no o!r mean+ ?an ! fulfilm5t1 at any mom5t1 ( :at is want$ f u by ! p[] t s5t u into life & gave u 9 ?is life "o sure guide1--our rational consci\sness4 ,& s ?is p[] _c want f u :at is irrational & impossible1--! e/abli%m5t ( our temporal1 c>nal life1 ! life ( society or ( ! /ate4 ,?is p[] dem&s ( u :at alone is c]ta9 & rational & possible1--our s]v+ ! k+dom ( ,god1 t is1 our cop]ation 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! greate/ union ( ev]y?+ liv+1 :i* is possible only 9 ! tru?1 &1 !re=e1 ! recognition ( ! tru? reveal$ to u1 & ! pr(ession ( x1 precisely :at alone is always 9 our p[]4 ,seek ye ! k+dom ( ,god & ,8 righte\sness & all ^! ?+s %all be add$ unto y4 ,! only mean+ ( man's life consi/s 9 s]v+ ! _w by cop]at+ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god2 b ?is s]vice c be r5d]$ only ?r\gh ! recognition ( ! tru?1 & ! pr(ession ( x1 by e sep>ate individual4 ,! k+dom ( ,god come? n ) obs]vation3 nei!r %all !y say1 ,lo "h6 or1 ,lo !re6 =1 behold1 ! k+dom ( ,god is )9 y4 ,ysnaya ,polyna1 ,may #ad1 #ahic4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,patriotism #ahid ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,patriotism ,! ,franco-,russian celebrations :i* took place 9 ,france1 9 ! mon? ( ,octob] ( la/ ye>1 provok$ 9 me1 z no d\bt 9 _m o!r p1 at fir/ a feel+ ( amusem5t1 !n ( p]plexity1 & at la/ ( indignation1 :i* ,i int5d$ to express 9 a %ort article 9 a p]iodical2 b1 ! m ,i dwelt on ! *ief causes ( ?is /range ph5om5on1 ! m did ,i arrive at ! consid]ations :i* ,i n[ (f] to my read]s4 ,i4 ,russians & ,fr5*m5 h liv$ = _m c5turies1 kn[+ "o ano!r1 ent]+ ) "o ano!r at times into fri5dly1 m (t51 ,i am sorry to say1 into v ho/ile relations1 :i* h be5 provok$ by _! gov]nm5ts2 sudd5ly1 because two ye>s ago a ,fr5* squadron arriv$ at ,kron/adt1 & ! (fic]s ( ! squadron1 ^u l&+1 ate & drank a lot ( w9e 9 v>i\s places1 he>+ & utt]+ ^u ^! occasions _m ly+ & /upid words1 & because1 9 ! ye> #ahic1 a simil> ,russian squadron arriv$ at ,t\lon1 & ! (fic]s ( ! ,russian squadron ate & drank a lot 9 ,p>is1 he>+ & utt]+ ^u t occasion m ly+ & /upid words ?an be=e1 x happ5$ t n only ! m5 :o ate1 drank1 & talk$1 b ev5 ^? :o 7 pres5t1 & ev5 ^? :o 7 n pres5t1 b only he>d & read ( x 9 newspap]s1 all ^! millions ( ,russians & ,fr5*m5 sudd5ly imag9$ t !y someh[ 7 p>ticul>ly 9 love ) "o ano!r1 t is1 t all ! ,fr5* lov$ all ! ,russians1 & all ! ,russians lov$ all ! ,fr5*4 ,^! s5tim5ts 7 la/ ,octob] express$ 9 ,france 9 a mo/ unusual mann]4 ,"h is ! way ! reception ( ! ,russian sailors is describ$ 9 ! ,rural ,mess5g]1 a newspap] :i* collects its in=mation f all ! o!rs3 ,at ! meet+ ( ! ,russian & ,fr5* vessels1 bo?1 besides ! salvos ( guns1 greet$ "o ano!r ) he>ty1 ec/atic %\ts1 ',hurrah1' ',long live ,russia1' ',long live ,france6' ,^! 7 jo9$ by b&s ( music 7:i* came on _m private /eam]s71 play+ ! ,russian hymn1 ',god save ! ,ts>1' & ! ,fr5* ,m>seillaise2 ! public on ! private vessels wav$ _! hats1 flags1 h&k]*iefs1 & b\quets2 on _m b>ques !re 7 peasants ) _! wives & *ildr51 & !y all _h b\quets 9 _! h&s1 & ev5 ! *ildr5 wav$ ! b\quets & %\t$ at ! top ( _! voices1 ',vive la ,russie6' ,our sailors1 ^u see+ su* national transport1 7 unable to re/ra9 _! te>s4444 ,9 ! h>b\r all ! %ips-(-w> :i* 7 !n at ,t\lon 7 drawn out 9 two l9es1 & our squadron pass$ betwe5 !m2 9 front 0 ! ironclad ( ! admiralty1 & ?is 0 foll[$ by ! re/4 ,!re ensu$ a mo/ solemn m9ute4 ,on ! ,russian ironclad1 fifte5 salvos 7 fir$ 9 hon\r ( ! ,fr5* squadron1 & a ,fr5* ironclad repli$ ) d\ble ! numb]1 ) ?irty salvos4 ,f ! ,fr5* vessels ?und]$ ! s\nds ( ! ,russian hymn4 ,! ,fr5* sailors climb$ up on ! sail-y>ds & ma/s2 l\d exclamations ( greet+ proce$$ un9t]rupt$ly f ! two squadrons & f ! private vessels2 ! caps ( ! sailors1 ! hats & h&k]*iefs ( ! public1--all 7 ?r[n up triumphantly 9 hon\r ( ! de> gue/s4 ,on all sides1 on ! wat] & on ! %ore1 !re boom$ "o common call1 ',long live ,russia6 ,long live ,france6' ,9 con=mity ) naval law1 ,admiral ,aveln & ! (fic]s ( 8 /aff l&$1 9 ord] to greet ! local au?orities4 ,on ! quay ! ,russian sailors 7 met by ! *ief m>9e /aff ( ,france & ! sup]ior (fic]s ( ! port ( ,t\lon4 ,!re ensu$ a univ]sal fri5dly h&-%ak+1 accompani$ by ! boom ( cannon & ! r++ ( bells4 ,a b& ( m>9e music play$ ! hymn ',god save ! ,ts>1' dr[n$ by ! ?und]\s %\ts ( ! public1 ',long live ! ,ts>6 ,long live ,russia6' ,^! exclamations bl5d$ into "o mighty s\nd1 :i* dr[n$ ! music & ! salvos f ! guns4 ,eye-witnesses decl>e t at ?is mom5t ! en?usiasm ( ! innum]able mass ( p rea*$ its highe/ limits1 & t x is impossible to express 9 words ) :at s5sations ! he>ts ( all ^? pres5t 7 fill$4 ,admiral ,aveln1 ) b>$ head1 & accompani$ by ,russian & ,fr5* (fic]s1 direct$ 8 /eps to ! build+ ( ! ,m>9e ,(fice1 :]e ! ,fr5* m9i/] ( m>9e 0 wait+ = him4 ,9 receiv+ ! admiral1 ! m9i/] said3 ',kron/adt & ,t\lon are two places :i* be> witness to ! sympa?y betwe5 ! ,russian & ! ,fr5* nations2 y w ev]y:]e be met z de> fri5ds4 ,! gov]nm5t & all ( ,france welcome y ^u y\r arrival & t ( y\r companions1 :o repres5t a great & noble nation4' ,! admiral repli$ t he 0 n able to express all 8 gratitude4 ',! ,russian squadron & all ( ,russia1' he said1 'w rememb] ! reception y h giv5 u4' ,aft] a %ort conv]sation1 ! admiral1 say+ good-bye to ! m9i/]1 a second "t ?ank$ him = ! reception1 & add$1 ',i d n want to "p f y be=e pron\nc+ ^? words :i* are impr9t$ 9 all ,russian he>ts3 ,long live ,france6' 7,rural ,mess5g]1 #ahic1 ,no4 #da47 ,su* 0 ! meet+ at ,t\lon4 ,9 ,p>is ! meet+ & ! celebrations 7 m rem>kable /ill4 ,"h is ! way ! meet+ 9 ,p>is 0 describ$ 9 ! newspap]s3 ,all eyes 7 direct$ to ! ,b\lev>d des ,itali5s1 :5ce ! ,russian sailors 7 to appe>4 ,f9ally ! boom ( a :ole hurricane ( exclamations & applauses is he>d 9 ! di/ance4 ,! boom gr[s /rong] & m audible4 ,! hurricane is app>5tly approa*+4 ,a mighty motion takes place on ! squ>e4 ,policem5 ru% =w>d to cle> a pa? t[>d ! ,c]cle ,militaire1 b ?is is by no means an easy task4 ,!re is an incr$ible cru% & pressure 9 ! cr[d4444 ,f9ally ! head ( ! procession appe>s 9 ! squ>e4 ,at ! same mom5t a deaf5+ %\t1 ',vive la ,russie6 ,vive les ,russes6' rises ov] x4 ,all b>e _! heads1 ! public1 pack$ close 9 ! w9d[s1 on ! balconies1 p]*$ ev5 on ! ro(s1 wave h&k]*iefs1 flags1 & hats1 applaud madly1 & f ! w9d[s ( ! upp] /ories ?r[ cl\ds ( small _m-col\r$ cockades4 ,a :ole sea ( h&k]*iefs1 hats1 & flags surges above ! heads ( ! cr[d 9 ! squ>e3 ',vive la ,russie6 ,vive les ,russes6' %\ts ?is mass ( "o hundr$ ?\s& p1 try+ to get a look at ! de> gue/s1 ext5d+ _! h&s to !m1 & 9 e way express+ _! sympa?ies 7,new ,"t74 ,ano!r correspond5t writes t ! transport ( ! cr[d bord]$ on delirium4 ,a ,russian publici/1 :o 0 9 ,p>is at t "t1 describes ?is entrance ( ! sailors 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,!y tell ! tru?1--x 0 an incid5t ( _w-wide import1 wondr\s1 t\*+1 s\l-/irr+1 mak+ ! he>t quiv] ) t love :i* disc]ns ! bro!rs 9 m51 & :i* dete/s blood%$ & concomitant acts ( viol5ce1 ! te>+ away ( ! *ildr5 f _! belov$ "m4 ,i h be5 9 "s k9d ( an intoxication = sev]al h\rs4 ,i felt s /range1 & ev5 s weak1 z ,i /ood at ! /ation ( ! ,lyons ,railway1 among ! repres5tatives ( ! ,fr5* adm9i/ration 9 _! gold-embroid]$ uni=ms1 among ! memb]s ( ! municipality 9 full dress1 & he>d ! %\ts1 ',vive la ,russie6 ,vive le ,cz>6' & our national hymn1 :i* 0 play$ sev]al times 9 succession4 ,:]e am ,i8 ,:at has happ5$8 ,:at magic /ream has unit$ all ?is into "o feel+1 into "o m9d8 ,does "o n feel "h ! pres5ce ( ! ,god ( love & bro!rhood1 ! pres5ce ( some?+ high]1 some?+ ideal1 :i* desc5ds ^u m5 only 9 l(ty mom5ts8 ,! he>t is s full ( some?+ beautiful & pure & exalt$1 t ! p5 is n able to express x all4 ,words pale be=e :at ,i saw1 :at ,i felt4 ,x is n transport1--! ^w is too banal1--x is some?+ bett] ?an transport4 ,x is m picturesque1 pr(\nd]1 m joy\s1 m v>i$4 ,x is impossible to describe :at happ5$ at ! ,c]cle ,militaire1 :5 ,admiral ,aveln appe>$ on ! balcony ( a second /ory4 ,words w n tell any?+ "h4 ,dur+ ! ,te ,deum1 :5 ! *ori/]s sang 9 ! *ur* ',save1 ,o ,"l1 ?y p1' !re bur/ ?r\gh ! op5 door ! solemn s\nds ( ! ,m>seillaise1 :i* 0 play$ 9 ! /reet by an or*e/ra ( w9d-in/rum5ts4 ,!re 0 some?+ a/\nd+ & inexpressible 9 ! impression convey$ 7,new ,"t1 ,octob]1 #ahic74 ,,ii4 ,aft] arriv+ 9 ,france1 ! ,russian sailors = two weeks w5t f "o celebration to ano!r1 & 9 ! middle or at ! end ( e celebration !y ate1 drank1 & talk$2 & ! in=mation z to :at !y ate & drank on ,w$nesday & :]e & :at on ,friday1 & :at 0 said ^u t occasion1 0 wir$ home & convey$ to ! :ole ( ,russia4 ,! mom5t "s ,russian capta9 drank ! heal? ( ,france1 ?is at once became kn[n to ! :ole _w1 & ! mom5t ! ,russian admiral said1 ,i dr9k to fair ,france6 ^! words 7 imm$iately borne ov] ! :ole _w4 ,b m ?an t3 ! scrupul\sness ( ! newspap]s 0 su* t !y report$ n only ! toa/s1 b ev5 _m d9n]s1 ) ! cakes & appetiz]s :i* 7 us$ at ^! d9n]s4 ,?us x said 9 "o issue ( a newspap] t ! d9n] 0 an arti/ic production3 ,consomm de volailles1 petits pts ,m\sse de homm>d p>isi5ne ,noisette de buf la barnaise ,faisans la ,prigord ,cass]oles de truffes au *ampagne ,*aufroid de volailles la ,t\l\se ,salade russe ,cr\te de fruits t\lonaise ,p>fait l'ananas ,dess]ts ,9 ! next numb] x said3 ,9 a cul9>y s5se ! d9n] left no?+ to be desir$4 ,! m5u consi/$ ( ! foll[+3 ,potage livoni5 et ,/4 ,g]ma9 ,zphyrs ,nantua ,e/urgeon brais moldave ,selle de daguet gr& v5eur1 & s =?4 ,! next numb] describ$ ano!r m5u4 ,) e m5u a detail$ description 0 giv5 ( ! w9es :i* ! ft$ m5 consum$1--su* & su* voodka su* & su* ,b\rgogne vieux1 ,gr& ,mot1 & s =?4 ,9 an ,engli% pap] !re 0 an acc\nt ( all ! intoxicants consum$ by ! celebrators4 ,?is am\nt is s enorm\s t x is d\btful if all ! drunk>ds ( ,russia & ( ,france c\ld h drunk s mu* 9 s %ort a "t4 ,!y report$ also ! spee*es :i* 7 made by ! celebrators1 b ! m5us 7 m v>i$ ?an ! spee*es4 ,! spee*es consi/$ inv>iably ( ! same words 9 all k9ds ( comb9ations & p]mutations4 ,! mean+ ( ^! words 0 always "o & ! same3 ,we love "o ano!r t5d]ly1 we are 9 transport1 because we h s sudd5ly fall5 9 love ) "o ano!r4 ,our aim is n w> & n revan*e1 & n ! return ( prov9ces tak51 b only peace1 ! b5efaction ( peace1 ! security ( peace1 ! re/ & peace ( ,europe4 ,long live ! ,emp]or ( ,russia & ! empress1--we love !m & we love peace4 ,long live ! presid5t ( ! republic & 8 wife1--we love !m1 too1 & we love peace4 ,long live ,france1 ,russia1 _! fleets1 & _! armies4 ,we love ! army1 too1 & peace1 & ! *ief ( ! squadron4 ,! spee*es g5]ally end$1 z 9 c\plets1 ) ! words1 ,t\lon1 ,kron/adt1 or ,kron/adt1 ,t\lon4 ,& ! names ( ^! places1 :]e s mu* food 0 eat5 & s _m k9ds ( w9e 7 consum$1 7 pron\nc$ l words rem9d+ "o ( ! l(tie/1 mo/ valor\s ( acts ( ! repres5tatives ( bo? nations1 words aft] :i* !re 0 no?+ else to be said1 because ev]y?+ 0 compreh5sible4 ,we love "o ano!r1 & we love peace4 ,kron/adt1 ,t\lon6 ,:at else c be add$ to ?is8 ,especially ) ! accompanim5t ( solemn music1 play+ simultane\sly two hymns1 "o--prais+ ! ,ts> & ask+ ,god = all k9ds ( b5efactions = him1 & ! o!r--curs+ all k+s & promis+ _! ru94 ,! m5 :o express$ _! s5tim5ts ( love p>ticul>ly well receiv$ decorations & rew>ds2 o!r m5 = ! same s]vices1 or simply out ( a sup]abundance ( feel+s1 7 giv5 ! /range/ & mo/ unexpect$ pres5ts1--?us ! ,emp]or ( ,russia receiv$ f ! ,fr5* squadron "s k9d ( a gold5 book1 9 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 no?+ 0 writt51 & if !re 01 x 0 some?+ t nobody ne$$ to "k1 & ! *ief ( ! ,russian squadron receiv$1 among o!r pres5ts1 a /ill m rem>kable object1 an alum9um pl\gh1 cov]$ ) fl[]s1 & _m o!r j z unexpect$ pres5ts4 ,besides1 all ^! /range acts 7 accompani$ by /ill /rang] religi\s c]emonies & public pray]s1 :i*1 x w\ld seem1 ! ,fr5* _h long ago outliv$4 ,s9ce ! days ( ! ,concordat !re _h h>dly be5 (f]$ s _m pray]s z 9 t %ort "t4 ,all ! ,fr5* sudd5ly became unusually pi\s1 & c>efully hung up 9 ! rooms ( ! ,russian sailors ^? v images :i* !y _h j z c>efully remov$ f _! s*ools1 z be+ h>mful tools ( sup]/ition1 & !y kept pray+ all ! "t4 ,c>d9als & bi%ops ev]y:]e prescrib$ pray]s1 & !mselves pray$1 utt]+ ! /range/ pray]s4 ,?us ! ,bi%op ( ,t\lon at ! laun*+ ( ! ironclad ,joriguib]i pray$ to ! ,god ( peace1 mak+ p feel1 h[ev]1 t1 if x came to a p9*1 he c\ld address also ! ,god ( w>4 ,:at h] fate w be1 said ! bi%op1 9 ref]5ce to ! ironclad1 ,god alone kn[s4 ,no "o kn[s :e!r %e w bel* =? dea? f h] appall+ bosom4 ,b if1 invok+ n[ ! ,god ( peace1 we %\ld lat] h occasion to invoke ! ,god ( w>1 we are firmly conv9c$ t ! ,joriguib]i w g =? side by side ) ! mighty boats ^: crews h ?is day ent]$ into su* a close frat]nal union ) our own4 ,f> f u be su* a prospect1 & may ! pres5t fe/ivity leave no?+ b a peaceful recollection1 l ! recollection ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,con/ant9e1 :i* 0 pres5t "h 79 #aheg7 at ! laun*+ ( ! %ip ,quir9al1 & may ! fri5d%ip ( ,france & ( ,russia make ^! two nations ! gu>dians ( peace4 ,9 ! meantime t5s ( ?\s&s ( telegrams flew f ,russia to ,france1 & f ,france to ,russia4 ,fr5* wom5 greet$ ,russian wom54 ,russian wom5 express$ _! gratitude to ! ,fr5* wom54 ,a tr\pe ( ,russian actors greet$ "s ,fr5* actors1 & ! ,fr5* actors in=m$ !m t !y h>b\r$ deeply 9 _! he>ts ! greet+ ( ! ,russian actors4 ,"s ,russian c&idates = judicial positions1 :o s]v$ 9 a ,circuit ,c\rt ( "s t[n or o!r1 express$ _! en?usiasm = ! ,fr5* nation4 ,g5]al ,s & ,s ?ank$ ,madame ,s & ,s1 & ,madame ,s & ,s assur$ ,g5]al ,s & ,s ( h] s5tim5ts = ! ,russian nation2 ,russian *ildr5 wrote v]ses ( welcome to ,fr5* *ildr51 & ! ,fr5* *ildr5 answ]$ 9 v]se & 9 prose2 ! ,russian m9i/] ( education assur$ ! ,fr5* m9i/] ( education ( ! s5tim5ts ( sudd5 love = ! ,fr5*1 :i* 7 exp]i5c$ by all ! *ildr51 s*ol>s1 & au?ors subject to 8 m9i/ry2 memb]s ( a society = ! protection ( animals express$ _! ard5t atta*m5t = ! ,fr5*1 & s did ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,city ( ,kazn4 ,! canon ( ! ep>*y ( ,arras in=m$ 8 ,wor%ip1 ! *ief prie/ ( ! ,russian c\rt cl]gy1 t he c\ld affirm t deep 9 ! he>ts ( all ! ,fr5* c>d9als & ar*bi%ops !re 0 impr9t$ a love = ,russia & 8 ,maje/y ,alex&] ,,iii4 & 8 mo/ augu/ family1 & t ! ,russian & ,fr5* cl]gy pr(ess$ almo/ ! selfsame religion & equally hon\r$ ! ,virg92 to :i* 8 ,wor%ip1 ! *ief prie/1 repli$ t ! pray]s ( ! ,fr5* cl]gy = ! mo/ augu/ family re*o$ joyfully 9 ! he>ts ( ! :ole ,russian ,ts>-lov+ family1 & t1 s9ce ! ,russian p also wor%ipp$ ! ,holy ,virg91 x c\ld c\nt on ,france 9 life & 9 dea?4 ,almo/ ! same in=mation 0 v\*saf$ by diff]5t g5]als1 telegraph op]ators1 & deal]s 9 groc]ies4 ,ev]ybody congratulat$ somebody on some?+ & ?ank$ somebody = some?+4 ,! excitem5t 0 s great t ! mo/ unusual acts 7 committ$1 b no "o obs]v$ _! unusual "*1 & all1 on ! contr>y1 approv$ ( !m1 w5t into ec/asies ov] !m1 &1 z ?\gh fe>+ le/ !y %\ld be too late1 ha/5$ to commit simil> acts1 s z n to fall beh9d ! re/4 ,if prote/s 7 express$ 9 words & 9 writ+ & 9 pr9t+ aga9/ ^! mad acts1 po9t+ out _! irrationality1 su* prote/s 7 conceal$ or squel*$4#ag #ag ,?us ,i "k ( ! foll[+ prote/ ( /ud5ts1 s5t to ,p>is1 :i* 0 n accept$ by a s+le newspap]3 ,,op5 ,,lett] ,,to ,,! ,,fr5* ,,/ud5ts ,lately a gr\p ( ,mosc[ /ud5ts ( law1 ) ! univ]sity au?orities at _! head1 took x ^u !mselves to speak 9 behalf ( all ! /ud5t body ( ,mosc[ ,univ]sity 9 respect to ! ,t\lon fe/ivities4 ,we1 ! repres5tatives ( ! association ( /ud5t societies1 prote/ 9 ! mo/ emphatic mann] possible bo? aga9/ ! arrogation ( ?is gr\p & sub/antially aga9/ ! ex*ange ( civilities betwe5 x & ! ,fr5* /ud5ts4 ,we1 too1 look ) ard5t love & pr(\nd respect ^u ,france1 & we d s1 because we see 9 x a great nation1 :i* =m]ly us$ to appe> be=e ! :ole _w z ! h]ald & proclaim] ( great ideals ( lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity2 & :i* 0 also ! fir/ 9 ! matt] ( bold endeav\r = ! mat]ialization ( ^! great ideals1--& ! be/ "p ( ! ,russian y\? has always be5 ready to welcome ,france z ! lead+ *ampion = ! be/ future ( humanity2 b we d n consid] su* fe/ivities z ^? ( ,kron/adt & ,t\lon a suitable occasion = su* civilities4 ,on ! contr>y1 ^! fe/ivities signal a sad b1 let u hope1 tempor>y ph5om5on1--! disloyalty ( ,france to its =m] great hi/oric rle3 ! c\ntry1 :i* once call$ ! :ole _w to break ! fett]s ( despotism & (f]$ its frat]nal aid to e nation t revolt$ = ! sake ( its fre$om1 n[ burns inc5se be=e ! ,russian gov]nm5t1 :i* sy/ematically trigs ! normal1 organic1 & vital gr[? ( ! national life1 & m]cilessly cru%es1 )\t /opp+ at any?+1 all ! /riv+s ( ,russian society t[>d ! light1 t[>d fre$om1 & t[>d indep5d5ce4 ,! ,t\lon manife/ations are "o ( ! acts ( t drama :i* is pres5t$ by ! antagonism--! creation ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 & ,bism>ck--betwe5 two great nations1 ,france & ,g]many4 ,?is antagonism keeps all ( ,europe "u arms1 & makes ! ,russian absolutism1 :i* has always be5 ! /ay ( despotism & arbitr>9ess aga9/ fre$om1 ( ! exploit]s aga9/ ! exploit$1 ! executor ( ! political de/9ies ( ! _w4 ,a s5sation ( angui% = our c\ntry1 ( pity = ! bl9dness ( a consid]able "p ( ,fr5* society1 su* are ! s5sations evok$ 9 u by ^! fe/ivities4 ,we are fully conv9c$ t ! "y g5]ation ( ,france w n be c>ri$ away by ! national ,*auv9ism1 & t1 prep>$ to /ruggle = t bett] social /ructure t[>d :i* humanity is m>*+1 x w "k h[ to r5d] to itself an acc\nt ( ! pres5t ev5ts & to take ! prop] /& ab\t !m2 we hope t our f]v5t prote/ w f9d a sympa!tic e*o 9 ! he>ts ( ! ,fr5* y\?4 ,! union c\ncil ( tw5ty-f\r unit$ ,mosc[ /ud5t societies4--,au?or's ,note4 ,to say no?+ ( all ! millions ( "w-days :i* 7 wa/$ on ^! fe/ivities1 ( ! :olesale drunk5ness ( all ! p>ticipants1 :i* 0 enc\rag$ by all ! p[]s1 to say no?+ ( ! insipidity ( ! spee*es made1 ! madde/ & mo/ cruel ?+s 7 done1 & no "o paid any att5tion to !m4 ,?us sev]al doz5s ( m5 7 cru%$ to dea?1 & no "o f\nd x necess>y to m5tion ?is fact4 ,"o correspond5t wrote t a ,fr5*man told him at a ball t n[ !re c\ld h>dly be f\nd a woman 9 ,p>is :o w\ld n be false to h] duties1 9 ord] to satisfy ! wi%es ( "s ,russian sailor--& all ?is pass$ by unnotic$1 z some?+ t ought to be4 ,!re occurr$ cases ( di/9ct madness4 ,?us "o woman1 dress+ h]self 9 a g>m5t ( ! col\rs ( ! ,franco-,russian flags1 wait$ = ! sailors &1 exclaim+1 ,vive la ,russie6 jump$ f ! bridge into ! riv] & 0 dr[n$4 ,wom5 9 g5]al play$ 9 ^! fe/ivities a prom95t "p & ev5 guid$ ! m54 ,besides ?r[+ fl[]s & all k9ds ( ribbons1 & (f]+ pres5ts & addresses1 ,fr5* wom5 made = ! ,russian sailors & kiss$ !m2 "s ( !m = "s reason br\ght _! *ildr5 to !m1 to be kiss$ by !m1 & :5 ! ,russian sailors compli$ ) _! wi%1 all p]sons pres5t w5t into ec/asies & wept4 ,?is /range excitem5t 0 s infecti\s t1 z "o correspond5t tells1 an app>5tly absolutely s\nd ,russian sailor1 aft] two days ( contemplation ( :at took place ar\nd him1 9 ! middle ( ! day jump$ f ! %ip into ! sea &1 swimm+1 %\t$1 ,vive la ,france6 ,:5 he 0 tak5 abo>d & ask$ :y he _h done s1 he repli$ t he _h made a v[ t 9 hon\r ( ,france he w\ld swim ar\nd ! %ip4 ,?us ! undi/urb$ excitem5t grew & grew1 l a ball ( roll+ wet sn[1 & f9ally rea*$ su* dim5sions t n only ! p]sons pres5t1 n only pr$ispos$1 weak-n]v$1 b ev5 /rong1 normal m5 fell a prey to ! g5]al mood & became abnormally affect$4 ,i rememb] h[ ,i1 abs5t-m9d$ly read+ "o ( ^! descriptions ( ! solemnity ( ! reception ( ! sailors1 sudd5ly felt a feel+1 ak9 to meekness ( _s1 ev5 a read9ess = te>s1 communicat$ to me1 s t ,i _h to make an ef=t to ov]come ?is feel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,malvannians ,photogravure f ,photograph ,,iii4 ,lately ,sikrski1 a pr(essor ( psy*iatry1 describ$ 9 ! ,kev ,univ]sity ,record ! psy*opa?ic epidemic1 z he calls x1 ( ! ,malvannians1 z manife/$ 9 a few villages ( ,vasilkv ,c\nty ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,kev4 ,! ess5ce ( ?is epidemic1 z ,mr4 ,sikrski1 ! inve/igator ( x1 says1 consi/$ 9 ?is1 t c]ta9 p]sons ( ^! villages1 "u ! influ5ce ( _! lead]1 by ! "n ( ,malvanny1 came to imag9e t ! end ( ! _w 0 at h&1 & s1 *ang+ _! :ole mode ( life1 began to di/ribute _! prop]ty1 to dress up1 & to eat sav\ry food1 & /opp$ work+4 ,! pr(essor f\nd ! condition ( ^! m5 to be abnormal4 ,he says3 ,_! unusual good nature frequ5tly pass$ into exaltation1 a joy\s condition1 :i* 0 devoid ( ext]nal motives4 ,!y 7 s5tim5tally dispos$3 excessively polite1 talkative1 mobile1 ) te>s ( joy appe>+ easily & j z easily disappe>+4 ,!y sold _! necess>ies1 9 ord] to provide !mselves ) umbrellas1 silk k]*iefs1 & simil> objects1 & at t ! k]*iefs s]v$ !m only z ornam5ts = _! toilet4 ,!y ate _m sweet ?+s4 ,!y 7 always 9 a *e]ful mood1 & !y l$ an idle life1--visit$ "o ano!r1 walk$ toge!r4444 ,:5 ! obvi\sly absurd "* ( _! refusal to "w 0 po9t$ out to !m1 "o e "t he>d 9 reply ! /]eotyp$ phrase1 ',if ,i want to1 ,i %all "w1 & if ,i d n want to1 :y %\ld ,i compel myself8' ,! le>n$ pr(essor consid]s ! condition ( ^! m5 a pron\nc$ case ( a psy*opa?ic epidemic1 &1 advis+ ! gov]nm5t to take c]ta9 measures aga9/ its spread1 ends 8 communication ) ! words3 ,malvannism is ! wail ( a morbidly sick population & a supplication to be fre$ f liquor & to h education & sanit>y conditions improv$4 ,b if ,malvannism is ! wail ( a morbidly sick population & a supplication to be fre$ f liquor & f h>mful social conditions1 !n ?is new disease1 :i* has appe>$ 9 ,p>is & has ) al>m+ rapidity embrac$ a great "p ( ! city population ( ,france & almo/ ! :ole ( gov]nm5tal & cultur$ ,russia1 is j su* an al>m+ wail ( a morbid population & j su* a supplication to be fre$ f liquor & f false social conditions4 ,& if we mu/ admit t ! psy*opa?ic suff]+ ( ,malvannism is dang]\s1 & t ! gov]nm5t has done well to foll[ ! pr(essor's advice & remove ! lead]s ( ,malvannism by conf9+ "s ( !m 9 lunatic asylums & mona/]ies & by deport+ o!rs to di/ant places1 h[ mu* m dang]\s mu/ be consid]$ to be ?is new epidemic1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,t\lon & ,p>is & f !re spread ov] ! :ole ( ,france & ( ,russia1 & h[ mu* m necess>y x is1 if n = ! gov]nm5t1 at lea/ = society1 to take decisive measures aga9/ ! spread ( su* epidemics6 ,! resemblance betwe5 ! diseases is complete4 ,!re is ! same good nature1 pass+ into causeless & joyful exaltation1 ! same s5tim5tality1 excessive polit5ess1 talkativ5ess1 ! same con/ant te>s ( meekness ( _s1 :i* come & g )\t cause1 ! same fe/ive mood1 ! same walk+ = pleasure & visit+ "o ano!r1 ! same dress+ up 9 ! be/ clo!s1 ! same pron5ess = sweet food1 ! same s5seless talks1 ! same idl5ess1 ! same s++ & music1 ! same lead]%ip ( ! wom51 & ! same cl[ni% phase ( attitudes passionelles1 :i* ,mr4 ,sikrski has notic$ 9 ! case ( ! ,malvannians2 t is1 z ,i und]/& ?is ^w1 ^? diff]5t1 unnatural poses1 :i* m5 assume dur+ solemn meet+s1 receptions1 & aft]-d9n] spee*es4 ,! resemblance is complete4 ,! only diff]5ce is ?is1--& ! diff]5ce is v great = ! society 9 :i* ^! ph5om5a are tak+ place1--t !re x is ! ab]ration ( a few doz5 peaceful1 poor village p1 :o live on _! small means &1 !re=e1 _c ex]t any viol5ce on _! neighb\rs1 & :o infect o!rs only by ! p]sonal & oral transmission ( _! mood1 :ile "h x is ! ab]ration ( millions ( p1 :o possess enorm\s sums ( money & means = ex]t+ viol5ce aga9/ o!r p1--guns1 bayonets1 =tresses1 ironclads1 mel9ite1 dynamite1 & :o1 besides1 h at _! comm& ! mo/ en]getic means = ! dissem9ation ( _! madness1 ! po/1 ! telegraph1 an enorm\s numb] ( newspap]s1 & all k9ds ( publications1 :i* are pr9t$ )\t cessation & c>ry ! infection to all ! corn]s ( ! globe4 ,!re is also ?is diff]5ce1 t ! fir/ n only d n get !mselves drunk1 b ev5 d n use any intoxicat+ liquor1 :ile ! second are con/antly 9 a /ate ( semi-intoxication1 :i* !y nev] /op ma9ta9+ 9 !mselves4 ,& s = a society 9 :i* ^! ph5om5a are tak+ place1 !re is ! same diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,kev epidemic1 dur+ :i*1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,sikrski's in=mation1 x does n appe> t !y commit any viol5ce or murd]s1 & ! "o :i* made its appe>ance 9 ,p>is1 :]e 9 "o procession tw5ty wom5 7 cru%$ to dea?1 z !re is betwe5 a piece ( coal1 :i* has leap$ out ( ! /ove & is gl[+ on ! floor )\t ignit+ x1 & a fire :i* is already envelop+ ! door & walls ( ! h\se4 ,9 ! wor/ case ! consequ5ces ( ! ,kev epidemic w consi/ 9 ?is1 t ! peasants ( "o million? "p ( ,russia w sp5d :at !y h e>n$ by h>d lab\r1 & w be unable to pay ! ,cr[n taxes2 b ! consequ5ces f ! ,t\lon-,p>is epidemic1 :i* is embrac+ m5 :o are 9 possession ( a t]rible p[]1 ( va/ sums ( money1 & ( implem5ts ( viol5ce & ( ! dissem9ation ( _! madness1 c & mu/ be t]rible4 ,,iv4 ,we c ) pity li/5 to ! delirium ( a feeble1 def5celess1 crazy old man1 9 8 cap & cloak1 & ev5 n contradict him1 & ev5 je/+ly agree ) him2 b :5 x is a :ole cr[d ( s\nd insane p1 :o h brok5 away f _! conf9em5t1 & ^! p bri/le f head to foot ) %>p dagg]s1 swords1 & load$ revolv]s1 & madly fl\ri% ^! dea?-deal+ weapons1 we c no long] agree ) !m1 & we _c be at re/ ev5 = a m9ute4 ,! same is true ( t condition ( excitem5t1 provok$ by ! ,fr5* celebrations1 9 :i* ,russian & ,fr5* society f9ds itself at ! pres5t "t4 ,x is true1 9 all ! spee*es1 9 all ! toa/s1 pron\nc$ at ^! celebrations1 9 all ! articles conc]n+ ^! celebrations1 !y nev] /opp$ talk+ ( ! importance ( ev]y?+ :i* 0 tak+ place = ! gu>antee ( peace4 ,ev5 ! advocates ( w> did n speak ( hatr$ ( ^? :o snat* away prov9ces1 b ( "s k9d ( a love :i* someh[ hates4 ,b we "k ( ! slyness ( all m5 :o are m5tally diseas$1 & x is ?is mo/ p]si/5t repetition ( our n want+ w>1 b peace1 & ! retic5ce reg>d+ t ( :i* all ?9k1 t =m a mo/ m5ac+ ph5om5on4 ,9 answ]+ a toa/ at a d9n] giv5 9 ! ,palace ( ! ,elyses1 ! ,russian ambassador said3 ,be=e dr9k+ a toa/ to :i* w respond f ! dep? ( _! he>ts1 n only ^? :o are )9 ^! walls1 b ev5 ^?--&1 t1 too1 ) equal =ce--^: he>ts ne> by & f> away1 at all ! po9ts ( great1 fair ,france1 z also 9 all ( ,russia1 at ! pres5t mom5t are beat+ 9 unison ) ours1--p]mit me to (f] to y ! expression ( our pr(\nde/ gratitude = ! words ( welcome :i* 7 address$ by y to our admiral1 :om our ,ts> has *>g$ ) ! mission ( pay+ back y\r visit at ,kron/adt4 ,consid]+ ! high importance :i* y enjoy1 y\r words *>act]ize ! true significance ( ! magnific5t peaceful fe/ivities1 :i* are celebrat$ ) su* wond]ful unanimity1 loyalty1 & s9c]ity4 ,! same unju/ifiable m5tion ( peace is f\nd 9 ! spee* ( ! ,fr5* presid5t3 ,! ties ( love1 :i* unite ,russia & ,france1 he said1 & :i* two ye>s ago 7 /r5g!n$ by t\*+ manife/ations1 ( :i* our fleet 0 ! object at ,kron/adt1 become tight] & tight] ) e day1 & ! hon\rable ex*ange ( our amicable s5tim5ts mu/ inspire all ^? :o take to he>t ! b5efactions ( peace1 confid5ce1 & security1 & s =?4 ,bo? spee*es q unexpect$ly & )\t any cause ref] to ! b5efactions ( peace & to peaceful celebrations4 ,! same occurs 9 ! telegrams :i* 7 ex*ang$ betwe5 ! ,emp]or ( ,russia & ! ,presid5t ( ,france4 ,! ,emp]or ( ,russia telegraph$3 ,au mom5t o l'escadre russe quitte la ,france1 il me ti5t cur de v\s exprim] combi5 je suis t\* et reconnaissant de l'accueil *aleureux et spl5dide1 que mes m>9s ont tr\v p>t\t sur le sol franais4 ,les tmoignages de vive sympa?ie qui se sont manife/s encore une fois avec tant d'loqu5ce1 jo9dront un n\veau li5 ceux qui uniss5t les deux pays et contribu]ont1 je l'espre1 l'aff]missem5t de la paix gnrale1 objet de leurs ef=ts et de leurs vux les plus con/ants1 etc4 ,! ,presid5t ( ,france 9 8 reply telegraph$ z foll[s3 ,la dp*e dont je rem]cie votre ,maje/ m'e/ p>v5ue au mom5t ou je quittais ,t\lon p\r r5tr] ,p>is4 ,la belle escadre sur laquelle j'ai eu la vive satisfaction de salu] le pavillon russe dans les eaux franaises1 l'accueil cordial et spontan que vos braves m>9s ont r5contr p>t\t en ,france affirm5t une fois de plus avec clat les sympa?ies s9cres qui uniss5t nos deux pays4 ,ils m>qu5t en mme temps une foi pr(onde dans l'influ5ce bi5faisante que peuv5t ex]c] ensemble deux gr&es nations dev\es la cause de la paix4 ,aga9 !re is 9 bo? telegrams a gratuit\s m5tion ( peace1 :i* has no?+ 9 common ) ! celebrations ( ! sailors4 ,!re is n "o spee*1 n "o article1 9 :i* m5tion is n made ( ?is1 t ! aim ( all ^! pa/ orgies is ! peace ( ,europe4 ,at a d9n]1 :i* is giv5 by ! repres5tatives ( ! ,russian press1 ev]ybody speaks ( peace4 ,mr4 ,zola1 :o lately wrote ab\t ! necessity & ev5 usefulness ( w>1 & ,mr4 ,vog1 :o m ?an once express$ ! same idea1 d n say "o ^w ab\t w>1 b speak only ( peace4 ,! meet+s ( ! ,*amb]s are op5$ ) spee*es respect+ ! pa/ celebrations1 & ! orators affirm t ^! fe/ivities are ! decl>ation ( ! peace ( ,europe4 ,x is z ?\gh a man1 com+ into "s peaceful society1 %\ld g out ( 8 way on e occasion to assure ! p]sons pres5t t he has n ! slighte/ int5tion ( knock+ out anybody's tee?1 sma%+ eyes1 or break+ arms1 b means only to pass a peaceable ev5+4 ,b nobody has any d\bts ab\t t1 "o feels l say+ to him4 ,b if y h su* base int5tions1 at lea/ d n d>e speak ( !m to u4 ,9 _m articles1 :i* 7 writt5 ab\t ^! celebrations1 !re is ev5 a direct & nave expression ( pleasure1 because dur+ ! fe/ivities no "o gave utt]ance to :at by tacit cons5t x _h be5 decid$ to conceal f ev]ybody1 & :at only "o incauti\s man1 :o 0 imm$iately remov$ by ! police1 d>$ to %\t1 giv+ expression to ! secret ?\ght ( all1 namely1 ,a bas l',allemagne6 ,?us *ildr5 are frequ5tly s happy at hav+ conceal$ _! naught9ess1 t _! v joy gives !m away4 ,:y %\ld we s rejoice at ! fact t no m5tion 0 made ( w>1 if we inde$ are n ?9k+ ( x8 ,v4 ,no "o is ?9k+ ( w>1 b yet milli>ds are wa/$ on milit>y prep>ations1 &1 millions ( m5 are "u arms 9 ,russia & 9 ,france4 ,b all ?is is be+ done = ! security ( peace4 ,si vis pacem1 p>a bellum4 ,l'empire c'e/ la paix1 la republique c'e/ la paix4 ,b if x is s1 :y are ! milit>y advantages ( our alliance ) ,france 9 case ( a w> ) ,g]many expla9$1 n only 9 all ! p]iodicals & newspap]s publi%$ = ! s-call$ cultur$ p1 b also 9 ! ,rural ,mess5g]1 a newspap] publi%$ by ! ,russian gov]nm5t = ! masses1 by means ( :i* ^! un=tunate masses1 deceiv$ by ! gov]nm5t1 are impress$ ) ?is1 t to be fri5dly ) ,france is also useful & pr(itable1 because1 if1 beyond all expectation1 ! above-m5tion$ p[]s 7,g]many1 ,au/ria1 ,italy7 %\ld decide to violate ! peace ) ,russia1 ,russia1 ?\gh able ) ,god's aid to protect itself & h&le a v p[]ful alliance ( adv]s>ies1 w\ld n f9d ?is to be an easy task1 & = a successful /ruggle great sacrifices & losses w\ld be ne$$1 & s =? 7,rural ,mess5g]1 ,no4 #dc1 #ahic74 ,& :y d !y 9 all ! ,fr5* colleges tea* hi/ory f a text-book compos$ by ,mr4 ,lavisse1 tw5ty-fir/ edition1 #ahhi1 9 :i* ! foll[+ passage is f\nd3 ,depuis que l'insurrection de la ,commune a t va9cue1 la ,france n'a plus t tr\ble4 ,au l5dema9 de la gu]re1 elle s'e/ remise au travail4 ,elle a pay aux ,allem&s sans difficult l'norme contribution de gu]re de c9q milli>ds4 ,mais la ,france a p]du sa r5omme militaire p5dant la gu]re de #ahgj4 ,elle a p]du une p>tie de son t]ritoire4 ,plus de qu9ze c5ts mille hommes1 qui habitai5t nos dep>tem5ts du ,haut ,rh91 du ,bas ,rh9 et de la ,moselle1 et qui tai5t de bons ,franais1 ont t obligs de dev5ir ,allem&s4 ,ils ne sont pas resigns leur sort4 ,ils dte/5t l',allemagne2 ils espr5t t\j\rs r$ev5ir ,franais4 ,mais l',allemagne ti5t sa conqute1 et c'e/ un gr& pays1 dont t\s les habitants aim5t s9crem5t leur patrie et dont les soldats sont braves et discipl9s4 ,p\r repr5dre l',allemagne ce qu'elle n\s a pris1 il faut que n\s soyons de bons citoy5s et de bons soldats4 ,c'e/ p\r que v\s dev5iez de bons soldats1 que vos matres v\s appr5n5t l'hi/oire de la ,france4 ,l'hi/oire de la ,france montre que dans notre pays les fils ont t\j\rs v5g les dsa/res de leurs pres4 ,les ,franais du temps de ,*>les ,,vii4 ont v5g leurs pres va9cus ,crcy1 ,poiti]s1 ,az9c\rt4 ,c'e/ v\s1 enfants lves auj\rd'hui dans nos coles1 qu'il app>ti5t de v5g] vos pres1 va9cus ,sdan et ,metz4 ,c'e/ votre devoir1 le gr& devoir de votre vie4 ,v\s devez y p5s] t\j\rs1 etc4 ,at ! foot ( ! page !re is a :ole s]ies ( que/ions1 to correspond to ! articles4 ,! que/ions are z foll[s3 ,:at did ,france lose :5 %e lo/ "p ( h] t]ritory8 ,h[ _m ,fr5*m5 became ,g]man ) ! loss ( ?is t]ritory8 ,d ! ,fr5* love ,g]many8 ,:at mu/ we d1 9 ord] to rega9 :at 0 tak5 away f u by ,g]many8 ,9 addition to ^! !re are also ,rflexions sur le ,livre ,,vii41 9 :i* x says t ! *ildr5 ( ,france mu/ rememb] our defeats ( #ahgj1 t !y mu/ feel on _! he>ts ! burd5 ( ?is memory1 b t ?is memory mu/ n disc\rage !m3 x %\ld1 on ! contr>y1 incite !m to brav]y4 ,?us1 if 9 (ficial spee*es peace is m5tion$ ) great p]si/5cy1 ! masses1 ! y\ng] g5]ations1 yes1 all ! ,russians & ,fr5*m5 9 g5]al1 are imp]turbably impress$ ) ! necessity1 legality1 pr(itabl5ess1 & ev5 virtue ( w>4 ,we are n ?9k+ ( w>1--we are conc]n$ only ab\t peace4 ,"o feels l ask+ ,qui1 diable1 trompe-t-on ici8 if x 7 necess>y to ask ?is1 & if x 7 n q cle> :o ! un=tunate *eat$ are4 ,! *eat$ are ! same et]nally deceiv$1 /upid1 lab\r+ masses1 ! same :o ) _! call\s h&s h built all ^! %ips1 & =tresses1 & ars5als1 & b>racks1 & guns1 & /eamboats1 & quays1 & moles1 & all ^! palaces1 halls1 & plat=ms1 & triumphal ar*es2 & h set & pr9t$ all ^! newspap]s & books2 & h secur$ & br\ght all ^? pheasants1 & ortolans1 & oy/]s1 & w9es1 :i* are consum$ by all ^? m51 :om !y1 aga91 h nurtur$ & br\ght up & su/a9$1--m5 :o1 deceiv+ ! masses1 prep>e ! mo/ t]rible calamities = !m2 ! same good-natur$1 /upid masses1 :o1 display+ _! s\nd1 :ite tee?1 h gr9n$ 9 *ildi% fa%ion1 navely enjoy+ ! sight ( all ! dress$-up admirals & presid5ts1 ( ! flags flutt]+ above !m1 ! fireworks1 ! ?und]+ music1 & :o w h>dly h "t to look ar\nd1 :5 !re %all be no long] any admirals1 nor presid5ts1 nor flags1 nor music1 b !re w be only a wet1 wa/e field1 hung]1 cold1 gloom1 9 front ! slay+ enemy1 beh9d ! goad+ au?orities1 blood1 w\nds1 suff]+s1 rott+ corpses1 & a s5seless1 useless dea?4 ,& ! m5 l ^? :o n[ are celebrat+ at ! fe/ivities 9 ,t\lon & ,p>is1 w be sitt+1 aft] a good d9n]1 ) unf9i%$ glasses ( good w9e1 ) a cig> betwe5 _! tee?1 9 a d>k clo? t5t1 & w ) p9s m>k d[n ! places on ! map :]e s mu* food = cannon1 compos$ ( ! masses1 %\ld be left1 9 ord] to seize su* & su* a =tress1 & 9 ord] to obta9 su* or su* a ribbon or promotion4 ,,vi4 ,b !re is no?+ ( ! k9d1 & !re are no w>like int5tions1 we are told4 ,all !re is1 is t two nations feel+ a mutual sympa?y are express+ ?is s5tim5t to "o ano!r4 ,:at h>m is !re 9 ?is1 t ! repres5tatives ( a fri5dly nation 7 receiv$ ) especial solemnity & hon\r by ! repres5tatives ( ! o!r nation8 ,:at h>m is !re 9 x1 ev5 if x be admitt$ t ! alliance may h ! significance ( a protection aga9/ a dang]\s neighb\r1 ?reat5+ ! peace ( ,europe8 ,! h>m is ?is1 t all ?is is a mo/ palpable & bold lie1 an unju/ifiable1 bad lie4 ,! sudd5 outbur/ ( an exclusive love ( ! ,russians = ! ,fr5*1 & ( ! ,fr5* = ! ,russians1 is a lie2 & our hatr$ = ! ,g]mans1 our di/ru/ ( !m1 :i* is und]/ood by x1 is also a lie4 ,& ! /atem5t t ! aim ( all ^! indec5t & mad orgies is ! gu>antee ( ,european peace1 is a /ill great] lie4 ,we all "k t we h exp]i5c$ no p>ticul> love = ! ,fr5*1 nei!r be=e1 nor ev5 n[1 ev5 z we h n exp]i5c$ any ho/ile feel+ t[>d ! ,g]mans4 ,we are told t ,g]many has "s int5tions aga9/ ,russia1 t ! ,triple ,alliance ?reat5s ! peace ( ,europe & u1 & t our alliance ) ,france balances ! =ces1 & s gu>antees ! peace4 ,b ?is ass]tion is s obvi\sly absurd1 t x makes "o feel a%am$ to give x a s]i\s d5ial4 ,= ?is to be s1 t is1 = ! alliance to gu>antee peace1 x is necess>y t ! =ces be ma!matically ev54 ,if n[ ! excess is on ! side ( ! ,franco-,russian alliance1 ! dang] is /ill ! same4 ,x is ev5 great]1 because1 if !re 0 a dang] t ,william1 :o /ood at ! head ( ! ,european alliance1 w\ld violate ! peace1 !re is a mu* great] dang] t ,france1 :i* _c get us$ to ! loss ( h] prov9ces1 w d s4 ,! ,triple ,alliance 0 call$ a league ( peace1 b = u x 0 a league ( w>4 ,ev5 s n[ ! ,franco-,russian alliance _c pres5t itself z any?+ else ?an :at x is1--a league ( w>4 ,& !n1 if peace dep5ds on ! balance ( ! p[]s1 h[ are ! units to be det]m9$1 betwe5 :om ! balance is to be e/abli%$8 ,n[ ! ,engli% say t ! alliance betwe5 ,russia & ,france m5aces !m1 & t !y mu/1 !re=e1 =m ano!r alliance4 ,& into h[ _m units ( alliances mu/ ,europe be divid$1 9 ord] t !re be a balance8 ,if s1 !n e man /rong] ?an ano!r 9 society is already a dang]1 & ! o!rs mu/ =m into alliances1 to )/& him4 ,!y ask1 ,:at h>m is !re 9 ?is1 t ,france & ,russia h express$ _! mutual sympa?ies = ! gu>antee ( peace8 ,:at is bad is1 t x is a lie1 & a lie is nev] spok5 ) impunity1 & does n pass unpuni%$4 ,! devil is a slay] ( m5 & ! fa!r ( lies4 ,& ! lies always lead to ! slay+ ( m51--9 ?is case m obvi\sly ?an ev]4 ,9 j ! same mann] z n[1 ! ,turki% w> 0 prec$$ by a sudd5 outbur/ ( love ( our ,russians = _! bro!rs1 ! ,slavs1 :om no "o _h kn[n = hundr$s ( ye>s1 :ile ! ,g]mans1 ! ,fr5*1 ! ,engli% h always be5 incomp>ably ne>] & m closely relat$ to u ?an ,mont5egr9s1 ,s]vians1 or ,bulg>ians4 ,& !re began transports1 receptions1 & fe/ivities1 :i* 7 fann$ by su* m5 z ,akskov & ,katkv1 :o are m5tion$ n[ 9 ,p>is z models ( patriotism4 ,!n1 z n[1 !y spoke ( no?+ b ! mutual sudd5 outbur/ ( love betwe5 ! ,russians & ! ,slavs4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !y ate & drank 9 ,mosc[1 ev5 z n[ 9 ,p>is1 & talk$ nons5se to "o ano!r1 becom+ affect$ by _! own exalt$ s5tim5ts1 spoke ( union & peace1 & did n say any?+ ab\t ! *ief ?+1 ! int5tions aga9/ ,turkey4 ,! newspap]s fann$ ! excitem5t1 & ! gov]nm5t by degrees ent]$ into ! game4 ,s]via revolt$4 ,!re began an ex*ange ( diplomatic notes & ! publication ( semi(ficial articles2 ! newspap]s li$ m & m1 inv5t$ & wax$ wro?1 & ! end ( x all 0 t ,alex&] ,,ii41 :o really did n want any w>1 c\ld n help b agree to x1 & we all "k :at happ5$3 ! de/ruction ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( innoc5t p & ! be/ialization & dull+ ( millions4 ,:at 0 done 9 ,t\lon & 9 ,p>is1 & n[ cont9ues to be done 9 ! newspap]s1 obvi\sly leads to ! same1 or to a /ill m t]rible calamity4 ,j s all k9ds ( g5]als & m9i/]s w at fir/1 to ! s\nds ( ,god save ! ,ts> & ! ,m>seillaise dr9k ! heal? ( ,france1 ( ,russia1 ( ! v>i\s regim5ts ( ! army & ! navy2 ! newspap]s w pr9t _! lies2 ! idle cr[d ( ! ri*1 :o d n "k :at to d ) _! p[]s & ) _! "t1 w babble patriotic spee*es1 fann+ hatr$ aga9/ ,g]many1 & no matt] h[ peaceful ,alex&] ,,iii4 may be1 ! conditions w be su* t he w be unable to decl9e a w> :i* w be dem&$ by all ^? :o surr\nd him1 by all ! newspap]s1 &1 z always seems1 by ! public op9ion ( ! :ole nation4 ,& be=e we %all h _h "t to look ar\nd1 !re w appe> 9 ! columns ( ! newspap]s ! usual1 om9\s1 /upid proclamation3 ,by ,god's grace1 we1 ! mo/ autocratic great ,emp]or ( all ,russia1 ! ,k+ ( ,pol&1 ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,f9l&1 etc41 etc41 in=m all our fai?ful subjects t = ! good ( ^! de> subjects1 entru/$ to u by ,god1 we h consid]$ x our duty be=e ,god to s5d !m out to slaught]4 ,god be ) !m1 & s =?4 ,! bells w be rung1 & long-hair$ m5 w ?r[ gold-embroid]$ bags ov] !mselves & w beg9 to pray = ! slaught]4 ,& !re w beg9 aga9 ! old1 well-kn[n1 t]rible de$4 ,! newspap] writ]s1 :o "u ! guise ( patriotism /ir p up to hatr$ & murd]1 w be ab\t1 9 ! hope ( d\ble e>n+s4 ,manufactur]s1 m]*ants1 purveyors ( milit>y supplies1 w be/ir !mselves joyfully1 expect+ d\ble pr(its4 ,all k9ds ( (ficials w be/ir !mselves1 =esee+ a *ance to /eal m ?an !y usually d4 ,! milit>y au?orities w be/ir !mselves1 = !y w receive d\ble sal>ies & rations1 & w hope to get = ! kill+ ( p all k9ds ( trifles1 :i* !y value v mu*1--ribbons1 crosses1 galloons1 />s4 ,idle g5tlem5 & ladies w be/ir !mselves1 inscrib+ !mselves 9 advance 9 ! ,r$ ,cross1 prep>+ !mselves to dress ! w\nds ( ^? :om _! own husb&s & bro!rs w kill1 & imag9+ t !y are ?us do+ a mo/ ,*ri/ian "w4 ,&1 dr[n+ 9 _! he>ts _! despair by means ( songs1 debau*es1 & vdka1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( simple1 good p1 torn away f peaceful lab\r1 f _! wives1 mo!rs1 *ildr51 w m>*1 ) weapons ( murd] 9 _! h&s1 :i!r !y w be driv54 ,!y w g to freeze1 to />ve1 to be sick1 to die f diseases1 & f9ally !y w arrive at ! place :]e !y w be kill$ by ! ?\s&1 & !y w kill by ! ?\s&1 !mselves n kn[+ :y1 m5 :om !y h nev] se5 & :o h done !m & c d !m no h>m4 ,& :5 !re %all be collect$ s _m sick1 w\nd$1 & kill$ t nobody w h ! "t to pick !m up1 & :5 ! air %all already be s infect$ by ?is rott+ food = cannon t ev5 ! au?orities w feel uncom=table1 !n !y w /op = a:ile1 w someh[ manage to pick up ! w\nd$1 w haul (f & some:]e ?r[ into a pile ! sick1 & w bury ! dead1 cov]+ !m ) lime1 & aga9 !y w lead on ! :ole cr[d ( ! deceiv$1 & w cont9ue to lead !m on 9 ?is mann] until ^? :o h />t$ ! :ole ?+ w get tir$ ( x1 or until ^? :o ne$$ x w get :at !y ne$$4 ,& aga9 w m5 become infuriat$1 brutaliz$1 & be/ializ$1 & love w be dim9i%$ 9 ! _w1 & ! incipi5t ,*ri/ianization ( humanity w be delay$ = decades & = c5turies4 ,& aga9 w ! p1 :o ga9 !reby1 beg9 to say ) assurance t1 if !re is a w>1 ?is means t x is necess>y1 & aga9 !y w beg9 to prep>e = x ! future g5]ations1 by corrupt+ !m f *ildhood4 ,,vii4 ,& s1 :5 !re appe> su* patriotic manife/ations z 7 ! ,t\lon celebrations1 :i*1 ?\gh /ill at a di/ance1 9 advance b9d ! wills ( m5 & oblige !m to commit ^? cu/om>y malefactions :i* always result f patriotism1 e "o :o und]/&s ! significance ( ^! celebrations _c help b prote/ aga9/ ev]y?+ :i* is tacitly includ$ 9 !m4 ,& s1 :5 ! j\rnali/s say 9 pr9t t all ! ,russians sympa?ize ) :at took place at ,kron/adt1 ,t\lon1 & ,p>is2 t ?is alliance = life & dea? is confirm$ by ! w ( ! :ole nation2 & :5 ! ,russian m9i/] ( education assures ! ,fr5* m9i/]s t 8 :ole company1 ! ,russian *ildr51 ! le>n$1 & ! au?ors1 %>e 8 s5tim5ts2 or :5 ! comm&] ( ! ,russian squadron assures ! ,fr5* t ! :ole ( ,russia w be grateful to !m = _! reception2 & :5 ! *ief prie/s speak = _! flocks & assure ! ,fr5* t _! pray]s = ! life ( ! mo/ augu/ h\se h re*o$ joyfully 9 ! he>ts ( ! ,russian ,ts>-lov+ nation2 & :5 ! ,russian ambassador 9 ,p>is1 :o is consid]$ to be ! repres5tative ( ! ,russian nation1 says aft] a d9n] ( ortolans la s\bise et logopdes glacs1 ) a glass ( *ampagne ,gr& ,mot 9 8 h&1 t all ,russian he>ts are beat+ 9 unison ) 8 he>t1 :i* is fill$ ) a sudd5 outbur/ ( exclusive love = fair ,france 7la belle ,france71--we1 ! p :o are free f ! /ultification1 consid] x our sacr$ duty1 n only = our own sakes1 b also = ! sake ( t5s ( millions ( ,russians1 9 ! mo/ emphatic mann] to prote/ aga9/ x & to decl>e t our he>ts d n beat 9 unison ) ! he>ts ( ! j\rnali/s1 m9i/]s ( education1 comm&]s ( squadrons1 *ief prie/s1 & ambassadors1 b1 on ! contr>y1 are full to ! brim ) indignation & loa?+ = t h>mful lie & t evil :i* !y consci\sly & unconsci\sly dissem9ate ) _! acts & _! spee*es4 ,let !m dr9k ,mot z mu* z !y please1 & let !m write articles & deliv] addresses 9 _! own "n1 b we1 all ! ,*ri/ians1 :o recognize ourselves z su*1 _c admit t we are b\nd by ev]y?+ t ^! m5 say & write4 ,we _c admit x1 because we "k :at is conceal$ b5ea? all ^! drunk5 transports1 spee*es1 & embraces1 :i* d n resemble ! confirmation ( peace1 z we are assur$1 b r ^? orgies & t drunk5ness to :i* evil-do]s ab&on !mselves :5 !y prep>e !mselves = a jo9t crime4 ,,viii4 ,ab\t f\r ye>s ago1--! fir/ swall[ ( ! ,t\lon spr+1--a c]ta9 ,fr5* agitator 9 fav\r ( a w> ) ,g]many came to ,russia = ! purpose ( prep>+ ! ,franco-,russian alliance1 & he visit$ u 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he arriv$ at our h\se :5 we 7 work+ 9 ! m[+4 ,at breakfa/1 z we return$ home1 we made ! acqua9tance ( ! gue/1 & he imm$iately proce$$ to tell u h[ he _h f\ght1 _h be5 9 captivity1 _h run away f x1 & h[ he _h made a patriotic v[1 ( :i* he 0 app>5tly pr\d1 t he w\ld n /op agitat+ a w> aga9/ ,g]many until ! integrity & glory ( ,france %\ld be re/abli%$4 ,9 our circle all ! convictions ( our gue/ z to h[ necess>y an alliance betwe5 ,russia & ,france 0 = ! re/abli%m5t ( ! =m] bord]s ( ,france & its might & glory1 & = mak+ u secure aga9/ ! malevol5t int5tions ( ,g]many1 7 ( no avail to him4 ,9 reply to 8 argum5ts t ,france c\ld n be at peace s long z ! prov9ces tak5 f x 7 n return$ to x1 we said t simil>ly ,prussia c\ld n be at re/1 s long z x _h n paid back = ,j5a1 & t1 if ! ,fr5* revan*e %\ld n[ be successful1 ! ,g]mans w\ld h to pay !m back1 & s on )\t end4 ,9 reply to 8 argum5ts t ! ,fr5* 7 oblig$ to save _! bro!rs1 :o _h be5 torn away f !m1 we said t ! condition ( ! inhabitants1 ( ! majority ( ! inhabitants1 ( ! work+ p 9 ,alsace-,lorra9e1 0 h>dly any worse "u ,g]man rule ?an x _h be5 "u ,france1 & t1 because "s ,alsatians pref]r$ to belong to ,france r ?an to ,g]many1 & he1 our gue/1 f\nd x desirable to ree/abli% ! glory ( ,fr5* arms1 x 0 n wor? :ile1 ei!r to beg9 ^? t]rible calamities :i* result f w>1 or ev5 to sacrifice "o s+le human life4 ,9 reply to 8 argum5ts t x 0 all v well = u to speak ?us1 s9ce we _h n exp]i5c$ ! same1 & t we %\ld be speak+ diff]5tly1 if we _h ! ,baltic prov9ces & ,pol& tak5 away f u1 we said t ev5 f ! political /&po9t ! loss ( ,pol& & ( ! ,baltic prov9ces c\ld n be a calamity = u1 b might r be consid]$ an advantage1 s9ce x w\ld dim9i% ! necessity = a milit>y =ce & ! exp5ses ( /ate2 & f ! ,*ri/ian po9t ( view we nev] c\ld p]mit a w>1 s9ce a w> dem&$ ! kill+ ( m51 :]eas ,*ri/ianity n only =bade e murd]1 b ev5 dem&$ t we d good to all m51 consid]+ all1 )\t di/9ction ( nationalities1 z our bro!rs4 ,! ,*ri/ian /ate1 we said1 :i* ent]s ^u w>1 to be consi/5t1 mu/ n only haul d[n ! crosses f ! *ur*es1 turn all ! *ur*es into build+s = diff]5t purposes1 give ! cl]gy o!r (fices1 &1 above all1 prohibit ! ,gospel1 b mu/ also r5\nce all ! dem&s ( morality :i* result f ! ,*ri/ian law4 ,c'e/ pr5dre ou laiss]1 we said4 ,b until ,*ri/ianity 0 aboli%$1 x w\ld be possible to entice m5 to w> only by cunn+ & deceit1 z inde$ is be+ done n[adays4 ,we see ?is cunn+ & deception1 & s _c submit to x4 ,z !re 0 no music1 no *ampagne1 no?+ intoxicat+ ab\t u1 our gue/ only %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s & ) cu/om>y ,fr5* amiability rem>k$ t he 0 v ?ankful = ! f9e reception accord$ to him 9 our h\se1 b t he 0 sorry t 8 ideas 7 n treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,,ix4 ,aft] ?is conv]sation we w5t to ! m[+1 & !re he1 9 ! hope ( f9d+ m sympa?y = 8 ideas among ! masses1 ask$ me to translate to ! peasant ,prokfi1 an old1 sickly man1 ) an enorm\s rupture1 :o none ! less /uck to 8 "w1 & 0 my companion 9 ! m[+1 8 plan ( attack+ ! ,g]mans1 :i* 0 to squeeze ! ,g]mans1 :o 7 betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ! ,russians1 f bo? sides4 ,! ,fr5*man gave an ocul> demon/ration ( ?is to ,prokfi1 by t\*+ f two sides ,prokfi's sweaty hemp5 %irt ) 8 :ite f+]s4 ,i recall ,prokfi's good-natur$ly scornful surprise1 :5 ,i expla9$ to him ! ,fr5*man's words & ge/ures4 ,! proposition to squeeze ! ,g]mans f bo? sides 0 app>5tly tak5 by ,prokfi z a joke1 = he w\ld n admit ! idea t a gr[n man & a s*ol> %\ld calmly & :5 he 0 sob] talk ( ! desirability ( w>4 ,well1 if we squeeze ! ,g]man f bo? sides1 he repli$ je/+ly to :at he ?\ght 0 a joke1 he w h no place to g to4 ,we mu/ give him room4 ,i translat$ ?is to my gue/4 ,dites lui que n\s aimons les ,russes1 he said4 ,^! words obvi\sly />tl$ ,prokfi ev5 m ?an ! proposition to squeeze ! ,g]man1 & provok$ a c]ta9 s5tim5t ( suspicion4 ,:o is he8 ,prokfi ask$ me1 ) mi/ru/1 indicat+ my gue/ ) 8 head4 ,i told him t he 0 a ,fr5*man1 a ri* man4 ,:at is 8 bus9ess8 ,prokfi ask$ me4 ,:5 ,i expla9$ to him t he _h come to invite ! ,russians to =m an alliance ) ,france 9 case ( a w> ) ,g]many1 ,prokfi app>5tly became q dissatisfi$1 &1 turn+ to ! wom51 :o 7 sitt+ ne> a haycock1 he %\t$ at !m 9 a /rong voice1 :i* involunt>ily betray$ ! feel+s :i* ?is conv]sation _h provok$ 9 him1 t !y %\ld g & rake up ! unrak$ hay4 ,come n[1 y cr[s6 ,h y fall5 asleep8 ,come6 ,mu* "t we h to squeeze ! ,g]man6 ,we h n f9i%$ ! m[+ yet1 & x looks likely t we %all be m[+ on ,w$nesday1 he said4 ,& !n1 z ?\gh fe>+ to (f5d ! /rang] by su* a rem>k1 he add$1 display+ 8 half-worn-(f tee? 9 a good-natur$ smile1 ,y _h bett] come & "w ) u1 & s5d ! ,g]man1 too4 ,:5 we get ?r\gh work+1 we %all h a good "t4 ,well take ! ,g]man along4 ,!y are j su* folk z we4 ,&1 hav+ said ?is1 ,prokfi took 8 muscul> arm out ( ! crot* ( ! =k1 on :i* he _h be5 lean+1 ?rew ! =k ov] 8 %\ld]s1 & w5t away to ! wom54 ,oh1 le brave homme6 ! polite ,fr5*man exclaim$1 smil+4 ,& ) ?is he !n conclud$ 8 diplomatic mission to ! ,russian p4 ,! sight ( ^! s radically diff]5t m51--! "o beam+ ) fre%ness1 alacrity1 elegance1 ! well-f$ ,fr5*man1 9 a silk hat & long ov]coat ( ! late/ fa%ion1 en]getically illu/rat+ ) 8 :ite h&s1 unus$ to lab\r1 h[ to squeeze ! ,g]mans1 & ! sight ( ! di%evell$ ,prokfi1 ) hay-se$ 9 8 hair1 dri$ up f "w1 sunburnt1 always tir$ & always work+1 9 spite ( 8 imm5se rupture1 ) f+]s swoll5 f "w1 ) 8 loosely hang+ homespun tr\s]s1 batt]$ ba/ %oes1 jogg+ along ) an imm5se =kful ( hay ov] 8 %\ld] 9 t indol5t pace ( a lab\r+ man1 :i* economizes motion1--! sight ( ^! two s radically diff]5t m5 elucidat$ to me !n _m ?+s1 & has occurr$ to me n[1 aft] ! ,t\lon-,p>is celebrations4 ,"o ( !m p]sonifi$ all ^? m51 nurtur$ by ! lab\rs ( ! masses1 :o lat] use ^! masses z food = cannon2 & ,prokfi p]sonifi$ to me t food = cannon1 :i* nurtures & makes secure ! m5 :o dispose ( x4 ,x4 ,b ,france has be5 depriv$ ( two prov9ces1--two *ildr5 h be5 viol5tly remov$ f _! "m4 ,b ,russia _c p]mit ,g]many to prescribe laws to x & to deprive x ( its hi/oric de/9y 9 ! ,ea/1--x _c tol]ate ! *ance ( hav+ its prov9ces1 ! ,baltic prov9ces1 ,pol&1 ! ,caucasus1 tak5 f x1 z 0 done 9 ! case ( ,france4 ,b ,g]many _c tol]ate ! possibility ( los+ its pr]ogatives1 :i* x has ga9$ ?r\gh s _m sacrifices4 ,b ,engl& _c yield its supremacy on ! seas to any "o4 ,&1 hav+ spok5 su* words1 x is g5]ally assum$ t a ,fr5*man1 a ,russian1 a ,g]man1 an ,engli%man mu/ be prep>$ to sacrifice ev]y?+ 9 ord] to rega9 ! lo/ prov9ces1 to e/abli% _! pr$om9ance 9 ! ,ea/1 to ma9ta9 _! unity & p[]1 _! supremacy on ! seas1 & s =?4 ,x is assum$ t ! s5tim5t ( patriotism is1 9 ! fir/ place1 a s5tim5t :i* is always inh]5t 9 m51 &1 9 ! second1 su* an exalt$ moral s5tim5t t1 if x is abs5t1 x has to be evok$ 9 ^? :o d n h x4 ,b nei!r is correct4 ,i h pass$ half a c5tury among ! ,russian masses1 & among ! great majority ( ! real ,russian p ,i h 9 all t "t nev] se5 or he>d ev5 once any manife/ation or expression ( ?is s5tim5t ( patriotism1 if we d n c\nt ^? patriotic phrases1 :i* are le>n$ by rote dur+ milit>y s]vice or are repeat$ f books by ! mo/ frivol\s & spoil$ m5 ( ! nation4 ,i h nev] he>d any expression ( patriotic s5tim5ts f ! p2 b1 ,i h1 on ! contr>y1 frequ5tly he>d ! mo/ s]i\s & respectable m5 f among ! masses giv+ utt]ance to ! mo/ absolute indiff]5ce & ev5 contempt = all k9ds ( manife/ations ( patriotism4 ,! same ?+ ,i h obs]v$ among ! lab\r+ classes ( o!r nations1 & ,i h (t5 be5 assur$ ( ! same by cultur$ ,fr5*m51 ,g]mans1 & ,engli%m5 conc]n+ _! own work+ p4 ,! work+ p are too busy ) ! all-absorb+ bus9ess ( support+ !mselves & _! families1 to be int]e/$ 9 ^? political que/ions1 :i* pres5t !mselves z ! *ief motive ( patriotism1--! que/ions ( ,russia's influ5ce 9 ! ,ea/1 ! unity ( ,g]many1 or ! re/itution ( ! lo/ prov9ces to ,france1 or ! acts ( ?is or t "p ( "o /ate t[>d ano!r1 & s =?1 d n int]e/ !m1 n only because !y h>dly ev] "k ! conditions "u :i* ^! que/ions h aris51 b also because ! int]e/s ( _! lives are q indep5d5t ( ! political int]e/s4 ,x is always v mu* a matt] ( indiff]5ce to a man f ! masses1 :]e c]ta9 bord]s w be m>k$ d[n1 or to :om ,con/ant9ople w belong1 or :e!r ,saxony or ,brunswick w be a memb] ( ! ,g]man union1 or :e!r ,au/ralia or ,matabelel& w belong to ,engl&1 or ev5 to :at gov]nm5t he w h to pay taxes & to :at army he w h to s5d 8 sons2 b x is always v important = him to "k h[ mu* he w h to pay 9 taxes1 h[ long he has to s]ve1 & h[ mu* he w receive = 8 lab\r1--& ^! are que/ions t are q indep5d5t ( ! common political int]e/s4 ,x is = ?is reason t1 9 spite ( all ! int5sifi$ means us$ by ! gov]nm5ts = ! inoculation ( ! masses ) a patriotism :i* is ali5 to !m & = ! suppression ( ! ideas ( socialism1 :i* are develop+ among !m1 ! socialism m & m p5etrates into ! masses1 & ! patriotism1 :i* is s c>efully inoculat$ by ! gov]nm5ts1 is n only n adopt$ by ! masses1 b is disappe>+ m & m1 ma9ta9+ itself only among ! upp] classes1 to :om x is advantage\s4 ,if x happ5s t at times patriotism takes hold ( ! popul> cr[d1 z 0 ! case 9 ,p>is1 ?is is only s :5 ! masses are subject$ to an int5sifi$ hypnotic influ5ce by ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes1 & ! patriotism is ma9ta9$ among ! masses only s long at ?is influ5ce la/s4 ,?us1 = example1 9 ,russia1 :]e patriotism1 9 ! =m ( love & loyalty = ! fai?1 ! ,ts>1 & ! c\ntry1 is inoculat$ 9 ! masses ) extraord9>y t5sion & ) ! use ( all ! tools at ! comm& ( ! gov]nm5ts1 su* z ! *ur*1 ! s*ool1 ! press1 & all k9ds ( solemnities1 ! ,russian lab\r+ classes1--"o hundr$ millions ( ! ,russian nation1--9 spite ( ,russia's une>n$ reputation z a nation t is p>ticul>ly devot$ to its fai?1 its ,ts>1 & its c\ntry1 are mo/ free f ! deception ( patriotism & f loyalty to fai?1 ! ,ts>1 & c\ntry4 ,! m5 ( ! masses = ! mo/ "p d n "k _! ,or?odox1 /ate fai?1 to :i* !y are suppos$ to be s loyal1 & :5 !y come to "k x1 !y imm$iately give x up & become rationali/s1 t is1 accept a fai? :i* x is impossible to attack or to def5d2 on _! ,ts> !y1 9 spite ( ! con/ant & p]si/5t influ5ces br\ght to be> ^u !m1 look z ^u all ! p[]s ( viol5ce1 if n ) condemnation1 at lea/ ) absolute indiff]5ce2 b _! c\ntry1 if by t we d n mean _! village or t[n%ip1 !y d n "k at all1 or1 if !y d1 !y d n di/+ui% x f any o!r c\ntries1 s t1 z ,russian coloni/s us$ to g to ,au/ria & to ,turkey1 !y n[ ) j z mu* indiff]5ce settle 9 ,russia1 outside ( ,russia1 9 ,turkey or 9 ,*9a4 ,,xi4 ,my old fri5d ,d----1 :o 9 ! w9t] liv$ alone 9 ! c\ntry1 :ile 8 wife1 :om he w5t to see b r>ely1 liv$ 9 ,p>is1 us$ to talk dur+ ! long autumn ev5+s ) an illit]ate1 b v clev] & respectable peasant1 an eld]1 :o came 9 ! ev5+ to report1 & my fri5d told him1 among o!r ?+s1 ( ! sup]iority ( ! ,fr5* political ord] ov] our own4 ,?is 0 on ! eve ( ! la/ ,poli% insurrection & ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t 9 our affairs4 ,! patriotic ,russian newspap]s at t "t burn$ ) indignation on acc\nt ( su* int]f]5ce1 & s heat$ up ! rul+ classes t !y talk$ ( a w> ) ,france4 ,my fri5d1 :o _h read ! pap]s1 told ! eld] also ( ^! relations betwe5 ,russia & ,france4 ,submitt+ to ! tone ( ! pap]s1 my fri5d said t if !re %\ld be any w> 7he 0 an old soldi]71 he w\ld s]ve & fight aga9/ ,france4 ,at t "t ! revan*e aga9/ ! ,fr5* seem$ necess>y to ! ,russians on acc\nt ( ,seva/opol4 ,b :y %\ld we wage w>8 ask$ ! eld]4 ,h[ c we p]mit ,france to manage our affairs8 ,b y say y\rself t ?+s are bett] arrang$ ) !m ?an ) u1 ! eld] said1 q s]i\sly4 ,let !m arrange matt]s 9 our c\ntry1 too4 ,my fri5d told me t ?is reflection s />tl$ him t he 0 absolutely at a loss :at to say1 & only laugh$1 z laugh ^? :o awak5 f a deceptive dream4 ,su* reflections "o may he> f any sob] ,russian lab\r+ man1 if only he is n "u any hypnotic influ5ce ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,!y talk ( ! love ( ! ,russian masses = _! fai?1 _! ,ts>1 & _! gov]nm5t1 & yet !re w n be f\nd "o commune ( peasants 9 ! :ole ( ,russia1 :i* w\ld hesitate = a mom5t1 :i* ( ! two places to *oose = its colonization1--,russia1 ) ! ,ts>1 ! little fa!r1 z !y write 9 books1 & ) ! holy ,or?odox fai? 9 its ador$ c\ntry1 b ) less & worse l&1 or )\t ! little fa!r1 ! :ite ,ts>1 & )\t ! ,or?odox fai?1 some:]e outside ( ,russia1 9 ,prussia1 ,*9a1 ,turkey1 ,au/ria1 b ) "s great] & bett] advantages1 z inde$ we h se5 be=e & see at pres5t4 ,= e ,russian peasant ! "q z to :at gov]nm5t he w be "u 7s9ce he kn[s t1 no matt] "u :at gov]nm5t he may be1 he w be fleec$ j ! same7 has incomp>ably less mean+ ?an ! "q z to :e!r1 ,i w n say ! wat] is good1 b z to :e!r ! clay is s(t & z to :e!r !re w be a good crop ( cabbage4 ,b x may be ?\ght t ! indiff]5ce ( ! ,russians is due to ?is1 t any o!r gov]nm5t "u ^: p[] !y may come w c]ta9ly be bett] ?an ! ,russian1 because 9 ,europe !re is n "o t is worse ?an ! ,russian2 b t is n s3 s f> z ,i "k1 we h se5 ! same 9 ! case ( ! ,engli%1 ,dut*1 ,g]man immigrants 9 ,am]ica1 & ( all ! o!r coloni/s 9 ,russia4 ,! transf]5ce ( ! ,european nations f ! p[] ( "o gov]nm5t to ano!r1 f ! ,turki% to ! ,au/rian1 or f ! ,fr5* to ! ,g]man1 *anges ! condition ( ! nations s little t 9 no case c !y provoke ! dissatisfaction ( ! work+ classes1 s long z !y are n artificially subject$ to ! sugge/ions ( ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes4 ,,xii4 ,p g5]ally adduce1 9 pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( patriotism1 ! manife/ations ( patriotic s5tim5ts 9 a nation dur+ a "t ( all k9ds ( celebrations1 z1 = example1 9 ,russia dur+ a coronation or ! meet+ ( ! emp]or aft] ! calamity ( ! sev5te5? ( ,octob]1 or 9 ,france dur+ ! proclamation ( w> aga9/ ,prussia1 or 9 ,g]many dur+ ! fe/ivities ( victory1 or dur+ ! ,franco-,russian celebrations4 ,b x ought to be kn[n h[ ^! manife/ations are prep>$4 ,9 ,russia1 = example1 p are especially dress$ up by ! village commune & ! own]s ( factories to meet & welcome ! emp]or :5ev] he passes ?r\gh a giv5 locality4 ,! transports ( ! masses are g5]ally prep>$ artificially by ^? :o ne$ !m1 & ! degree ( transport express$ by ! cr[d %[s only ! degree ( ! art ( ! arrang]s ( ^! transports4 ,?is bus9ess has long be5 practis$1 & s ! speciali/s 9 arrang+ su* transports h rea*$ a high degree ( virtuosity 9 ^! arrangem5ts4 ,:5 ,alex&] ,,ii4 0 /ill an heir app>5t1 & 0 9 comm&1 z is usually ! case1 ( ! ,preobrzh5ski regim5t1 he once drove out aft] d9n] to ! regim5t 9 camp4 ,! mom5t 8 c>riage appe>$1 ! soldi]s1 coatless z !y 71 ru%$ out to meet him1 & ) su* transport welcom$1 z !y say1 _! mo/ augu/ comm&]1 t all ran a race beh9d 8 c>riage1 & _m ( !m made ! sign ( ! cross :ile on a run1 look+ all ! "t at ! heir app>5t4 ,all ^? :o saw ?is meet+ 7 deeply t\*$ by ?is nave loyalty & love ( ! ,russian soldi]s = _! ,ts> & 8 heir1 & by t s9c]e religi\s & app>5tly unprep>$ transport :i* 0 express$ 9 ! faces1 ! motions1 & especially 9 ! signs ( ! cross1 :i* ! soldi]s made4 ,h[ev]1 all t 0 done artificially & prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 aft] ! inspection ( ! previ\s day ! heir said to ! brigade comm&] t he w\ld drive up ! next day to ! regim5t4 ,:5 are we to expect y\r ,imp]ial ,maje/y8 ,9 all probability 9 ! ev5+4 ,only1 please1 no prep>ations4 ,! mom5t ! heir drove (f1 ! brigade comm&] call$ toge!r ! comm&]s ( ! companies & gave ! ord] t on ! foll[+ day all ! soldi]s 7 to appe> 9 clean %irts1 &1 z soon z !y saw ! heir's c>riage1 :i* ! signall]s 7 to ann\nce1 !y 7 to run at haphaz>d aft] ! c>riage1 %\t+ ,hurrah6 & t1 at ! same "t1 e t5? man 9 ! company 0 to run & make ! sign ( ! cross4 ,! s]geants drew up ! companies1 &1 c\nt+ ! soldi]s1 /opp$ at e t5? man3 ,"o1 two1 ?ree 444 eight1 n9e1 t51--,sidornko--! sign ( ! cross2 "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r 444 ,ivnov--! sign ( ! cross4444 ,ev]y?+ 0 c>ri$ out z by comm&1 & ! impression ( transport 0 complete1 bo? on ! heir app>5t & on all ! p]sons pres5t1 ev5 on ! soldi]s & ! (fic]s1 & ev5 on ! comm&] ( ! brigade1 :o _h inv5t$ all t4 ,j s1 ?\gh less co>sely1 !y d 9 all places1 :]ev] !re are any patriotic manife/ations4 ,?us ! ,franco-,russian celebrations1 :i* pres5t !mselves to u z free expressions ( ! p's s5tim5ts1 did n orig9ate ) ! p1 b 71 on ! contr>y1 v artfully & q obvi\sly prep>$ & provok$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,! mom5t ! arrival ( ! ,russian sailors became kn[n1 ,i am aga9 quot+ ! same ,rural ,mess5g]1 ! (ficial organ1 :i* collects its in=mation f all ! o!r newspap]s1 committees = ! arrangem5t ( celebrations 7 be+ =m$1 n only 9 all ! l>ge & small cities ly+ on ! r\te f ,t\lon to ,p>is1 a consid]able di/ance1 b also 9 a l>ge numb] ( t[ns & villages :i* lie q to ei!r side ( ?is r\te4 ,ev]y:]e a subscription 0 op5$ = contributions to meet ! exp5ses = ^! celebrations4 ,_m cities s5t deputations to ,p>is to our imp]ial ambassador1 implor+ him to let ! sailors visit _! cities ev5 = "o day or ev5 = "o h\r4 ,! municipal gov]nm5ts ( all ^? cities 9 :i* our sailors 7 ord]$ to /ay set aside va/ sums1 av]ag+ m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& r\bles1 = ! arrangem5t ( all k9ds ( fe/ivities & amusem5ts1 & express$ _! will+ness to exp5d ev5 great] sums1 z mu* z %\ld be ne$$1 provid$ ! welcome & ! celebrations %\ld be z magnific5t z possible4 ,9 ,p>is itself a private committee collect$1 9 addition to ! sum set aside by ! city gov]nm5t = ?is purpose1 an imm5se sum by private subscription1 also = ! arrangem5t ( amusem5ts1 & ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t assign$ m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& r\bles = exp5ses incurr$ by ! m9i/]s & o!r au?orities 9 welcom+ ! gue/s4 ,9 _m cities1 :]e our sailors w n set foot at all1 !y none ! less decid$ to celebrate ! fir/ ( ,octob] ) all k9ds ( fe/ivities 9 hon\r ( ,russia4 ,a va/ numb] ( cities & prov9ces decid$ to s5d special deputations to ,t\lon & ,p>is1 9 ord] to welcome ! ,russian gue/s & to (f] !m pres5ts to rememb] ,france by1 or to s5d to !m addresses & telegrams ( welcome4 ,x 0 decid$ ev]y:]e to consid] ! fir/ ( ,octob] a national holiday & to dismiss ! pupils ( all ! educational in/itutions = t day1 & 9 ,p>is = two days4 ,(ficials ( l[] rank _h _! p5alties remitt$1 t !y might gratefully rememb] ! joyful day = ,france1--! fir/ ( ,octob]4 ,to make x easi] = ^? :o wi%$ to visit ,t\lon & take "p 9 ! welcome to ! ,russian squadron1 ! railways l[]$ ! rates to "o-half & s5t out special tra9s4 ,& ?us1 :5 by means ( a :ole s]ies ( univ]sal1 simultane\s measures1 :i* ! gov]nm5t c always take by d9t ( ! p[] :i* x has 9 its h&s1 a c]ta9 "p ( ! nation1 prem95tly ! scum ( ! p1 ! city cr[d1 is br\ght to a condition ( abnormal excitem5t1 !y say3 ,behold1 ?is is ! free expression ( ! w ( ! :ole nation4 ,manife/ations l ^? :i* j took place 9 ,t\lon & 9 ,p>is1 :i* 9 ,g]many take place at ! meet+ ( ! emp]or or ( ,bism>ck1 or at manuvres 9 ,lorra9e1 & :i* are con/antly repeat$ 9 ,russia at e meet+ circum/anc$ ) solemnity1 prove only ?is1 t ! means ( an artificial excitation ( ! p1 :i* n[ are 9 ! h&s ( ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes1 are s p[]ful t ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes1 :i* are 9 possession ( !m1 are always able at w to provoke any k9d ( a patriotic manife/ation !y may wi% by r\s+ ! patriotic s5tim5ts ( ! masses4 ,no?+1 on ! contr>y1 proves ! abs5ce ( patriotism 9 ! masses ) su* obvi\sness z ^? t5se ef=ts :i* n[ are made by ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes = ! artificial excitation ( patriotism1 & ! insignificant results :i* are obta9$ 9 spite ( all ! ef=ts4 ,if patriotic s5tim5ts are s prop] to ! nations1 !y %\ld be p]mitt$ to manife/ !mselves freely1 & %\ld n be provok$ by all k9ds ( exclusive & artificial means1 appli$ on e possible occasion4 ,let !m ev5 = a "t1 = "o ye>1 /op 9 ,russia compell+ all ! p1 z !y are do+ n[1 ^u ! accession ( e ,ts>1 to swe> allegiance to him2 let !m at e div9e s]vice /op solemnly repeat+ sev]al times ! cu/om>y pray]s = ! ,ts>2 let !m /op celebrat+ 8 bir?days & "n-days ) r++ ( bells1 illum9ation1 & ! prohibition to "w2 let !m /op ev]y:]e hang+ out & display+ repres5tations ( him2 let !m /op1 9 pray]-books1 almanacs1 text-books1 pr9t+ 8 "n & ! names ( 8 family1 & ev5 ! pron\ns ref]r+ to him1 9 capitals2 let !m /op glorify+ him 9 special books & newspap]s pr9t$ = ! purpose2 let !m /op imprison+ m5 = ! slighte/ disrespectful ^w utt]$ conc]n+ ! ,ts>1--let !m /op do+ all t = a "t only1 & !n we %\ld see h[ prop] x is = ! masses1 = ! real lab\r+ masses1 = ,prokfi1 = eld] ,ivn1 & = all ! m5 ( ! ,russian masses1--z ! nation is made to believe & z all ! =eign]s are conv9c$ ( x1--to wor%ip ! ,ts>1 :o 9 "o way or ano!r turns !m ov] into ! h&s ( a l&$ proprietor or ( ! ri* 9 g5]al4 ,s x is 9 ,russia2 b let !m simil>ly /op 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,italy1 ,engl&1 ,am]ica do+ all t :i* is done !re ) ! same t5sion by ! rul+ classes 9 ord] to r\se patriotism & loyalty & submission to ! exi/+ gov]nm5t1 & we %\ld see 9 h[ f> ?is imag9>y patriotism is *>act]i/ic ( ! nations ( our "t4 ,b1 z x is1 ! masses are /ultifi$ f *ildhood by all possible means1 by s*ool-books1 div9e s]vices1 s]mons1 books1 newspap]s1 v]ses1 monum5ts1 :i* all t5d 9 "o & ! same direction2 !n !y select by =ce or brib]y a few ?\s&s ( ! p1 & :5 ^! assembl$ ?\s&s1 jo9$ by all ! loaf]s :o are always happy to be pres5t at any spectacle1 to ! s\nds ( cannon-%ots & ( music1 & at ! sight ( e k9d ( spl5d\r & light beg9 to %\t :at ! lead]s %\t to !m1 we are told t ?is is an expression ( ! s5tim5ts ( ! :ole nation4 ,b1 9 ! fir/ place1 ^! ?\s&s1 or1 if x is a great cr[d1 ^! t5s ( ?\s&s1 :o %\t some?+ at su* celebrations1 =m b a t9y1 a t5-?\s&? "p ( ! :ole nation2 9 ! second place1 out ( ^! t5s ( ?\s&s ( %\t+ m51 :o wave _! hats1 ! great] "p are ei!r collect$ by =ce1 z is ! case ) u 9 ,russia1 or artificially provok$ by "s enticem5t2 9 ! ?ird place1 among all ^! ?\s&s1 !re are sc>cely t5s :o "k :at x is all ab\t1 & all ! re/ w\ld z gladly %\t & wave _! hats if ! v opposite took place2 &1 9 ! f\r? place1 ! police are always pres5t1 & !y w make any "o %ut up if he does n %\t :at ! gov]nm5t wants & dem&s %all be %\t$1 & lock him up at once1 z 0 done ) mu* =ce dur+ ! ,franco-,russian fe/ivities4 ,9 ,france !y welcom$ ) equal en?usiasm ! w> ) ,russia "u ,napoleon ,i41 & !n ,alex&] ,i41 aga9/ :om ! w> 0 wag$1 & !n aga9 ,napoleon1 & aga9 ! allies1 & ,b\rbon1 & ,orleans1 & ! ,republic1 & ,napoleon ,,iii41 & ,b\lang]2 & 9 ,russia !y acclaim ) ! same en?usiasm1 to-day ,pet]1 to-morr[ ,ca!r9e1 ! next day ,paul1 ,alex&]1 ,con/ant9e1 ,ni*olas1 ! ,duke ( ,leu*t5b]g1 ! bro!r ,slavs1 ! ,k+ ( ,prussia1 ! ,fr5* sailors1 & all ^? :om ! gov]nm5t wants !m to welcome4 ,! same happ5s 9 ,engl&1 ,am]ica1 ,g]many1 ,italy4 ,:at 9 our "t is call$ patriotism is1 on ! "o h&1 only a c]ta9 mood1 :i* is con/antly produc$ & ma9ta9$ 9 ! masses by ! s*ools1 ! religion1 ! v5al press1 hav+ su* a t5d5cy z ! gov]nm5t dem&s1 &1 on ! o!r1 a tempor>y excitation1 produc$ ) exclusive means by ! rul+ classes1 9 ! masses1 :o /& on a l[] moral & ev5 m5tal plane1--an excitation1 :i* lat] is giv5 out z a con/ant expression ( ! w ( ! :ole nation4 ,! patriotism ( ! oppress$ nationalities does n =m an exception to ?is4 ,x is z little *>act]i/ic ( ! work+ classes1 & is artificially inculcat$ ^u !m by ! upp] classes4 ,,xiii4 ,b if ! m5 ( ! masses d n exp]i5ce ! s5tim5t ( patriotism1 ?is is due to ! fact t !y h n yet rea*$ t exalt$ s5tim5t1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( e cultur$ man4 ,if !y d n exp]i5ce ?is exalt$ s5tim5t1 x has to be educat$ 9 !m4 ,x is ?is t ! gov]nm5t is do+4 ,?us g5]ally speak ! m5 ( ! rul+ classes1 ) su* full confid5ce t patriotism is an exalt$ s5tim5t1 t ! nave m5 ( ! masses1 :o d n exp]i5ce x1 consid] !mselves at fault1 because !y d n exp]i5ce ?is s5tim5t1 & try to assure !mselves t !y exp]i5ce x1 or at lea/ pret5d t !y d4 ,b :at is ?is exalt$ s5tim5t1 :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ! rul+ classes1 ought to be educat$ 9 ! nations8 ,?is s5tim5t is 9 its mo/ precise def9ition no?+ b a pref]5ce %[n to "o's own /ate or nation 9 comp>ison ) any o!r /ate or nation1 a s5tim5t :i* is fully express$ 9 ! ,g]man patriotic song1 ,deuts*l&1 ,deuts*l& b] alles1 9 :i* we ne$ only sub/itute ,russl&1 ,frankrei*1 ,itali51 or any o!r /ate = ,deuts*l&1 & we %all get ! cle>e/ =mula ( ! exalt$ s5tim5t ( patriotism4 ,x may be t ?is s5tim5t is v desirable & useful = ! gov]nm5ts & ! integrity ( ! /ate1 b "o _c help b obs]ve t ?is s5tim5t is n at all exalt$1 b1 on ! contr>y1 v /upid & v immoral3 /upid1 because1 if e /ate w consid] itself bett] ?an any o!r1 x is obvi\s t !y w all be 9 ! wrong2 & immoral1 because x inevitably leads e man :o exp]i5ces ! feel+ to try to obta9 advantages = 8 own /ate & nation1 at ! exp5se ( o!r /ates & nations--a t5d5cy :i* is directly oppos$ to ! fundam5tal moral law recogniz$ by all m53 n to d unto ano!r :at we d n wi% to h done to ourselves4 ,patriotism may h be5 a virtue 9 ! anci5t _w1 :5 x dem&$ ( man t he s]ve ! highe/ ideal accessible to him at ! "t1--! ideal ( 8 c\ntry4 ,b h[ c patriotism be a virtue 9 our "t1 :5 x dem&s ( m5 :at is directly oppos$ to :at =ms ! ideal ( our religion & morality1--n ! recognition ( ! equality & bro!rhood ( all m51 b ! recognition ( "o /ate & nationality z pr$om9at+ ov] all ! o!rs4 ,?is s5tim5t is 9 our "t n only n a virtue1 b unque/ionably a vice2 no su* s5tim5t ( patriotism 9 its true s5se does or c exi/ 9 our "t1 because ! mat]ial & moral f\ndations = x are lack+4 ,patriotism c\ld h "s s5se 9 ! anci5t _w1 :5 e nation1 m or less homog5e\s 9 its /ructure1 pr(ess+ "o & ! same /ate religion1 & submitt+ to ! same unlimit$ p[] ( its supreme1 deifi$ rul]1 appe>$ to itself z an isl& 9 ! ocean ( ! b>b>ians1 :i* ev] ?reat5$ to inundate x4 ,we c see h[ ) su* a /ate ( affairs1 patriotism1 t is1 ! desire to w>d (f ! attacks ( ! b>b>ians1 :o 7 n only prep>$ to de/roy ! social ord]1 b :o also ?reat5$ :olesale plund]+ & murd]1 ) ! enslavem5t ( m5 & ! rape ( wom51 0 a natural feel+1 & we c see :y a man1 to free himself & 8 compatriots f su* calamities1 c\ld h pref]r$ 8 nation to all ! o!rs1 & c\ld exp]i5ce a ho/ile feel+ t[>d ! b>b>ians ar\nd him1 & c\ld kill !m1 9 ord] to protect 8 nation4 ,b :at significance c ?is s5tim5t h 9 our ,*ri/ian "t8 ,on :at gr\nd & = :at purpose c a man ( our "t1 a ,russian1 g & kill ,fr5*m5 or ,g]mans1 or a ,fr5*man ,g]mans1 :5 he kn[s full well1 no matt] h[ little educat$ he may be1 t ! m5 ( ! o!r /ate & nation1 aga9/ :i* !y are r\s+ 8 patriotic ho/ility1 are n b>b>ians1 b j su* ,*ri/ians z he1 frequ5tly ( ! same fai? & pr(ession ) him1 desir+ l him no?+ b peace & a peaceful ex*ange ( lab\r1 & t1 besides1 !y are = ! mo/ "p unit$ ) him ei!r by ! int]e/s ( common lab\r1 or by comm]cial or spiritual int]e/s1 or by all toge!r8 ,?us frequ5tly ! m5 ( ano!r c\ntry are ne>] & m indisp5sable to a man ?an 8 own c\ntrym51 z is ! case ) lab\r]s :o are connect$ ) employ]s ( o!r nationalities1 & z is ! case ) comm]cial p1 & especially ) s*ol>s & arti/s4 ,besides1 ! conditions ( life !mselves h s *ang$ n[ t :at we call our c\ntry1 :at we are suppos$ to di/+ui% f ev]y?+ else1 has ceas$ to be some?+ cle>ly def9$1 z x 0 ) ! anci5ts1 :]e ! m5 =m+ "o c\ntry belong$ to "o nationality1 "o /ate1 & "o fai?4 ,we c und]/& ! patriotism ( an ,egyptian1 a ,jew1 a ,greek1 :o1 def5d+ 8 c\ntry1 0 at ! same "t def5d+ 8 fai?1 & 8 nationality1 & 8 home1 & 8 /ate4 ,b 9 :at way w 9 our "t be express$ ! patriotism ( an ,iri%man 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :o by 8 fai? belongs to ,rome1 by 8 nationality to ,irel&1 by 8 /ate allegiance to ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,9 ! same condition are a ,bohemian 9 ,au/ria1 a ,pole 9 ,russia1 ,prussia1 & ,au/ria1 a ,h9doo 9 ,engl&1 a ,t>t> & an ,arm5ian 9 ,russia & 9 ,turkey4 ,b1 ev5 leav+ out ^! m5 ( ! sep>ate conqu]$ nationalities1 ! m5 ( ! mo/ homog5e\s /ates1 su* z are ,russia1 ,france1 ,prussia1 c no long] exp]i5ce t s5tim5t ( patriotism1 :i* 0 peculi> to ! anci5ts1 because frequ5tly all ! *ief int]e/s ( _! life 7sometimes _! dome/ic ones1--!y are m>ri$ to wom5 ( ano!r nation2 ! economic ones1--_! capital is abroad2 _! spiritual1 sci5tific1 or arti/ic ones7 are n 9 _! own c\ntry1 b outside x1 9 t /ate aga9/ :i* ! gov]nm5t is r\s+ 8 patriotic hatr$4 ,b mo/ ( all is patriotism impossible 9 our "t1 because1 no matt] h[ mu* we h tri$ = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s to conceal ! mean+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 x has none ! less trickl$ ?r\gh into our life1 & is guid+ x 9 su* a way t ! co>se/ & mo/ /upid ( m5 _c help b see ! absolute incompatibility ( patriotism ) ^? moral rules by :i* !y live4 ,,xiv4 ,patriotism 0 necess>y = ! =mation1 out ( het]og5e\s nationalities1 ( /rong1 unit$ k+doms1 protect$ aga9/ ! b>b>ians4 ,b z soon z ! ,*ri/ian enlight5m5t trans=m$ all ^! k+doms alike f )91 by giv+ !m ! same f\ndations1 patriotism n only became unnecess>y1 b 0 also ! "o b>ri] aga9/ t union ( ! nations = :i* !y are prep>$ by d9t ( _! ,*ri/ian consci\sness4 ,patriotism is 9 our "t ! cruel tradition ( a long-gone-by p]iod ( "t1 :i* holds itself only ?r\gh in]tia & because ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes feel t ) ?is patriotism is connect$ n only _! p[]1 b also _! exi/5ce1 & s ) c>e & cunn+ & viol5ce r\se & su/a9 x 9 ! nations4 ,patriotism is 9 our "t l ! scaffold+1 :i* at "o "t 0 necess>y = ! con/ruction ( ! walls ( a build+1 b :i* n[1 ?\gh x only int]f]es ) ! prop] use ( ! build+1 is n tak5 d[n1 because its exi/5ce is advantage\s = "s p]sons4 ,among ! ,*ri/ian nations !re has = a long "t ceas$ to exi/ any cause = discord1 & !re c be no su* cause4 ,x is ev5 impossible to imag9e :y & h[ ,russian & ,g]man lab\r]s1 :o peacefully "w toge!r ne> ! bord] & 9 ! capital cities1 %\ld beg9 to qu>rel among !mselves4 ,& mu* less c we imag9e any ho/ility betwe51 let u say1 a ,kazn peasant1 :o supplies a ,g]man ) corn1 & ! ,g]man1 :o supplies him ) scy!s & ma*9es1 & simil>ly among ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & ,italian lab\r]s4 ,x is ev5 ridicul\s to talk ( qu>rels among ! s*ol>s1 arti/s1 writ]s ( v>i\s nationalities1 :o live by ! same int]e/s1 t are indep5d5t ( nationality & ! /ate /ructure4 ,b ! gov]nm5ts _c leave ! nations alone1 t is1 9 peaceful relations among !mselves1 because ! *ief1 if n ! only ju/ification ( ! exi/5ce ( ! gov]nm5ts consi/s 9 mak+ peace betwe5 ! nations1 t is1 9 allay+ _! ho/ile relations4 ,& s ! gov]nm5ts provoke ^! ho/ile relations "u ! guise ( patriotism1 & !n make x appe> t !y are mak+ peace among ! nations4 ,x is some?+ l :at a gipsy does1 :o p\rs "s pepp] "u 8 horse's tail1 & la%es x 9 ! /all1 & !n leads x out1 :ile hang+ on to ! bridle1 pret5d+ t he has ! h>de/ "t to re/ra9 ! mettl$ horse4 ,we are assur$ t ! gov]nm5ts are conc]n$ ab\t pres]v+ ! peace among ! nations4 ,9 :at way d !y pres]ve ?is peace8 ,p are liv+ along ! ,rh9e 9 peaceful int]c\rse among !mselves1--sudd5ly1 9 consequ5ce ( all k9ds ( disputes & intrigues betwe5 ! k+s & emp]ors1 w> breaks out1 & ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t f9ds x necess>y to recognize "s ( ^! inhabitants z ,fr5*m54 ,ages pass1 m5 h become accu/om$ to ?is /ate ( affairs2 aga9 !re beg9 ho/ilities betwe5 ! gov]nm5ts ( ! great nations1 & w> breaks out on ! slighte/ pret5ce1 & ! ,g]mans f9d x necess>y to recognize ^! inhabitants once m z ,g]mans1 & 9 all ! ,fr5* & ! ,g]mans ill-w flames up t[>d "o ano!r4 ,or ,g]mans & ,russians are liv+ peacefully ne> ! bord]1 peacefully ex*ang+ _! lab\r & ! products ( lab\r1 & sudd5ly ! same in/itutions :i* exi/ only 9 ! "n ( ! pacification ( ! nations beg9 to qu>rel1 to d "o fooli% ?+ aft] ano!r1 & are n able to inv5t any?+ bett] ?an ! co>se/ *ildi% me?od ( self-inflict$ puni%m5t1 if only !y c ?us h _! w & d some?+ na/y to _! adv]s>y 7:i* 9 ?is case is especially advantage\s1 s9ce n ^? :o />t a cu/oms w>1 b o!rs1 suff] f x72 ?us ! ,cu/oms ,w> betwe5 ,russia & ,g]many 0 lately />t$4 ,!n1 ) ! aid ( ! newspap]s1 !re flames up a malevol5t feel+1 :i* is /ill f>!r fann$ by ! ,franco-,russian celebrations1 & :i*1 be=e we "k x1 may lead to a sangu9>y w>4 ,i h cit$ ! la/ two examples ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! gov]nm5ts affect ! p by r\s+ 9 !m a ho/ile feel+ t[>d o!r nations1 because !y are contempor>y2 b !re is n "o w> 9 all hi/ory1 :i* 0 n provok$ by ! gov]nm5ts1 by ! gov]nm5ts alone1 indep5d5tly ( ! advantages to ! nations1 to :i* w>1 ev5 if x is successful1 is always h>mful4 ,! gov]nm5ts assure ! nations t !y are 9 dang] ( an incursion f o!r nations & f int]nal enemies1 & t ! only salvation f ?is dang] consi/s 9 ! slavi% ob$i5ce ( ! nations to _! gov]nm5ts4 ,?is is mo/ obvi\s 9 ! "t ( revolutions & dictator%ips1 & ?is takes place at all times & 9 all places1 :]ev] !re is p[]4 ,e gov]nm5t expla9s its exi/5ce & ju/ifies all its viol5ce by insi/+ t1 if x did n exi/1 ?+s w\ld be worse4 ,by assur+ ! nations t !y are 9 dang]1 ! gov]nm5ts subject !m to !mselves4 ,:5 ! nations submit to ! gov]nm5ts1 ^! gov]nm5ts compel ^! nations to attack ! o!r nations4 ,9 ?is mann] ! nations f9d confirm$ ! assurances ( _! gov]nm5ts 9 reg>d to ! dang] f be+ attack$ by o!r nations4 ,divide et imp]a4 ,patriotism 9 its simple/1 cle>e/1 & mo/ unque/ionable significance is = ! rul]s no?+ b a tool = atta9+ _! ambiti\s & selfi% ends1 & = ! rul$ a r5unciation ( human dignity1 reason1 consci5ce1 & a slavi% submission to ^? :o are 9 p[]4 ,?us is patriotism actually prea*$1 :]ev] x is prea*$4 ,patriotism is slav]y4 ,! advocates ( peace ?r\gh arbitration judge l ?is3 two animals _c divide _! prey o!rwise ?an by fight+1 z d *ildr51 b>b>ians1 & b>b>\s nations4 ,b s5sible p settle _! diff]5ces by discussion1 conviction1 ! transmission ( ! solution ( ! "q to dis9t]e/$1 s5sible m54 ,ev5 ?us mu/ ! s5sible nations ( our "t act4 ,^! reflections seem q correct4 ,! nations ( our "t h rea*$ an age ( discretion1 are n ho/ile to "o ano!r1 & %\ld be able to settle _! diff]5ces 9 a peaceable mann]4 ,b ! reflection is correct only 9 ref]5ce to ! nations1 to ! nations alone1 if !y 7 n "u ! p[] ( _! gov]nm5ts4 ,b ! nations :i* submit to _! gov]nm5ts _c be s5sible1 because submission to ! gov]nm5ts is already a sign ( ! greate/ s5selessness4 ,h[ c we talk ( ! s5sibl5ess ( m5 :o promise 9 advance to d ev]y?+ 7includ+ ! murd] ( m57 :i* ! gov]nm5t1 t is1 c]ta9 m5 :o h accid5tally come to hold ?is position1 may comm& !m to d8 ,m5 :o are able to accept su* a duty ( unfl9*+ submission to :at c]ta9 /rang]s w1 f ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,vi5na1 ,p>is1 comm& !m to d1 _c be s5sible1 & ! gov]nm5ts1 t is1 ! m5 :o possess su* p[]1 c /ill less be s5sible1 & _c help abus+ x1--!y _c help los+ _! m9ds f su* a s5selessly t]rible p[]4 ,= t reason ! peace among ! nations _c be atta9$ by any s5sible means1 ?r\gh conv5tions1 ?r\gh arbitrations1 s long z !re exi/s a submission to ! gov]nm5ts1 :i* is always s5seless & always p]nici\s4 ,b ! submission ( m5 to ! gov]nm5ts w always exi/1 s long z !re is any patriotism1 because e p[] is bas$ on patriotism1 t is1 on ! read9ess ( m51 = ! sake ( def5d+ _! nation1 _! c\ntry1 t is1 ! /ate1 aga9/ suppos$ dang]s t are ?reat5+ x1 to submit to ! p[]4 ,on ?is patriotism 0 bas$ ! p[] ( ! ,fr5* k+s ov] ! :ole nation previ\s to ! ,revolution2 on ! same patriotism 0 bas$ ! p[] ( ! ,committee ( ,public ,safety aft] ! ,revolution2 on ! same patriotism 0 re>$ ! p[] ( ,napoleon 7z consul & z emp]or72 & on ! same patriotism1 aft] ! d[nfall ( ,napoleon1 0 e/abli%$ ! p[] ( ! ,b\rbons1 & lat] ( ! ,republic1 & ( ,l\is ,philippe1 & aga9 ( ! ,republic1 & aga9 ( ,bonap>te1 & aga9 ( ! ,republic1 & on ! same patriotism came v ne> be+ e/abli%$ ! p[] ( ,mr4 ,b\lang]4 ,x is t]rible to say s1 b !re does n exi/1 & !re has n exi/$1 a case ( aggregate viol5ce committ$ by "o set ( m5 aga9/ ano!r :i* has n be5 committ$ 9 ! "n ( patriotism4 ,9 ! "n ( patriotism ! ,russians f\ght ) ! ,fr5*1 & ! ,fr5* ) ! ,russians1 & 9 ! "n ( patriotism ! ,russians & ! ,fr5* are n[ prep>+ !mselves to wage w> aga9/ ! ,g]mans1--to fight f two flanks4 ,b w> is n all1--9 ! "n ( patriotism ! ,russians cru% ! ,poles1 & ! ,g]mans ! ,slavs2 9 ! "n ( patriotism ! ,communi/s kill$ ! ,v]saillians1 & ! ,v]saillians1 ! ,communi/s4 ,,xv4 ,x w\ld seem t ) ! dissem9ation ( culture1 ( improv$ means ( locomotion1 ( frequ5t int]c\rse among ! m5 ( ! v>i\s nations1 9 connection ) ! diffusion ( ! press1 &1 above all1 9 connection ) ! complete abs5ce ( dang] f o!r nations1 ! deception ( patriotism ought to become h>d] & h>d]1 & ought 9 ! end to become impossible4 ,b ! po9t is1 t ^! same means ( a univ]sal ext]nal culture1 ( improv$ me?ods ( locomotion1 & ( int]communication1 & above all1 ( ! press1 :i* ! gov]nm5ts h seiz$ ^u & seize ^u m & m1 give !m n[ su* a p[] ( excit+ 9 ! nations ho/ile feel+s t[>d "o ano!r1 t1 ?\gh on ! "o h& ! obvi\sness ( ! uselessness & h>m ( patriotism has increas$1 !re has1 on ! o!r1 increas$ ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5ts & ( ! rul+ classes to influ5ce ! masses1 by r\s+ patriotism 9 !m4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 :at 0 & :at n[ is consi/s only 9 ?is1 t1 s9ce n[ a mu* great] numb] ( m5 %>e 9 ! advantages :i* patriotism af=ds to ! upp] classes1 a mu* great] numb] ( m5 take "p 9 ! dissem9ation & ma9t5ance ( ?is wond]ful sup]/ition4 ,! m difficult x is to ma9ta9 ! p[]1 ! great] & great] is ! numb] ( m5 ) :om ! gov]nm5t %>es x4 ,=m]ly a small gr\p ( rul]s _h ! p[]1--emp]ors1 k+s1 dukes1 _! (ficials1 & w>riors2 b n[ ! p>ticipants 9 ?is p[] & 9 ! advantages :i* x af=ds are n only ! (ficials & ! cl]gy1 b also capitali/s1 great & small1 ! l&[n]s1 bank]s1 memb]s ( ,*amb]s1 tea*]s1 rural (fic]s1 s*ol>s1 ev5 arti/s1 & especially j\rnali/s4 ,& all ^! p]sons consci\sly & unconsci\sly spread ! deception ( patriotism1 :i* is indisp5sable to !m = ! ma9t5ance ( _! advantage\s position4 ,& ! deception1 ?anks to ! fact t ! means ( deception h become m p[]ful & t n[ an ev]-gr[+ numb] ( m5 are tak+ "p 9 x1 is produc$ s successfully t1 9 spite ( ! great difficulty ( deceiv+1 ! degree ( ! deception rema9s ! same4 ,"o hundr$ ye>s ago1 ! illit]ate masses1 :o _h no conception z to :o compos$ _! gov]nm5t & z to :at nations surr\nd$ !m1 bl9dly obey$ ^? local (ficials & g5try1 ^: slaves !y 74 ,& x suffic$ = ! gov]nm5t by means ( bribes & rew>ds to keep ^! (ficials & ?is g5try 9 _! p[]1 9 ord] t ! masses might ob$i5tly d :at 0 dem&$ ( !m4 ,b n[1 :5 ! masses = ! mo/ "p c read & m or less "k ( :om _! gov]nm5t is compos$1 & :at nations surr\nd !m2 :5 ! m5 ( ! masses con/antly move ab\t ) ease f "o place to ano!r1 br++ to ! masses in=mation ab\t :at is go+ on 9 ! _w1 a m]e dem& to c>ry out ! comm&s ( ! gov]nm5t no long] suffices3 x becomes necess>y to obscure ! true conceptions :i* ! masses h conc]n+ life1 & to impress !m ) improp] ideas conc]n+ ! conditions ( _! life & conc]n+ ! relation ( o!r nations t[>d !m4 ,& s1 ?anks to ! diffusion ( ! press1 ( ! rudim5ts1 & ( ! means ( communication1 ! gov]nm5ts1 hav+ _! ag5ts ev]y:]e1 by means ( decrees1 *ur* s]mons1 ! s*ools1 ! newspap]s inculcate on ! masses ! wilde/ & mo/ p]v]se conceptions ab\t _! advantages1 ab\t ! relation ( ! peoples among !mselves1 ab\t _! prop]ties & int5tions2 & ! masses1 :i* are s cru%$ by lab\r t !y h no "t & no *ance to und]/& ! significance & v]ify ! correctness ( ^? conceptions :i* are inculcat$ ^u !m1 & ( ^? dem&s :i* are made on !m 9 ! "n ( _! good1 submit to !m )\t a murmur4 ,b ! m5 f ! masses :o free !mselves f con/ant lab\r & :o educate !mselves1 & :o1 x w\ld seem1 %\ld be able to und]/& ! deception :i* is practis$ ^u !m1 are subject$ to su* an int5sifi$ effect ( m5aces1 brib]y1 & hypnotization by ! gov]nm5ts1 t !y almo/ )\t an exception pass ov] to ! side ( ! gov]nm5ts &1 accept+ advantage\s & well-paid positions z tea*]s1 prie/s1 (fic]s1 (ficials1 become p>ticipants 9 ! dissem9ation ( ! deception :i* ru9s _! fell[ m54 ,x is z ?\gh at ! door ( education /ood a sn>e1 into :i* inevitably fall ^? :o 9 "o way or ano!r leave ! masses t are absorb$ 9 lab\r4 ,at fir/1 z "o comes to und]/& ! cruelty ( ! deception1 !re involunt>ily rises an indignation aga9/ ^? :o = _! p]sonal1 selfi%1 ambiti\s advantage produce ?is cruel deception1 :i* de/roys1 n only m5's bodies1 b also _! s\ls1 & "o feels l %[+ up ^! cruel deceiv]s4 ,b ! po9t is1 t ! deceiv]s d n deceive because !y want to deceive1 b because !y almo/ _c d o!rwise4 ,& !y d n deceive 9 any ,ma*iavellian way1 ) a consci\sness ( ! deception :i* !y practise1 b = ! mo/ "p ) ! nave assurance t !y are do+ some?+ good & elevat$1 9 :i* op9ion !y are con/antly ma9ta9$ by ! sympa?y & approval ( all ! m5 :o surr\nd !m4 ,x is true t1 feel+ dimly t _! p[] & _! advantage\s position is bas$ on ?is deception1 !y are involunt>ily drawn t[>d x2 b !y d n act because !y wi% to deceive ! masses1 b because !y ?9k t ! "w :i* !y are do+ is useful = ! masses4 ,?us emp]ors & k+s & _! m9i/]s1 p]=m+ _! coronations1 manuvres1 inspections1 mutual visits1 dur+ :i* "t !y1 dress+ !mselves up 9 all k9ds ( uni=ms & travell+ f "o place to ano!r1 consult ) "o ano!r ) s]i\s faces ab\t h[ to pacify presumably ho/ile nations 7:o w nev] ?9k ( fight+ ) "o ano!r71 are absolutely conv9c$ t ev]y?+ !y d is exce$+ly s5sible & useful4 ,simil>ly all ! m9i/]s1 diplomati/s1 & all k9ds ( (ficials1 :o dress !mselves up 9 _! uni=ms1 ) all k9ds ( ribbons & little crosses1 & ) preoccupation write on f9e pap] _! obscure1 twi/$1 useless numb]$ reports1 communications1 prescriptions1 projects1 are absolutely conv9c$ t )\t ?is _! activity ! :ole life ( ! nations w come to a /&/ill or w be entirely de/roy$4 ,simil>ly ! milit>y1 :o dress !mselves up 9 _! ridicul\s co/umes & :o s]i\sly discuss ) :at guns or cannon x is bett] to kill p1 are fully conv9c$ t _! manuvres & p>ades are mo/ important & necess>y = ! nation4 ,! same conviction is held by ! prea*]s1 j\rnali/s1 & writ]s ( patriotic v]ses & text-books1 :o receive a lib]al rew>d = prea*+ patriotism4 ,nor is any d\bt conc]n+ ?is h>b\r$ by ! manag]s ( celebrations1 l ! ,franco-,russian ones1 :o are s9c]ely affect$ :5 !y utt] _! patriotic spee*es & toa/s4 ,all p d unconsci\sly :at !y d1 because t is necess>y1 or because _! :ole life is bas$ on ?is deception & !y are unable to d any?+ else1 :ile ^! same acts evoke ! sympa?y & ! approval ( all ^? m5 among :om !y are committ$4 ,n only d !y1 be+ all connect$ ) "o ano!r1 approve & ju/ify ! acts & ! activities ( "o ano!r1--! emp]ors & k+s1 ! acts ( ! soldi]s1 ! (ficials1 & ! cl]gy2 & ! milit>y1 ! (ficials1 & ! cl]gy1 ! acts ( ! emp]ors1 ! k+s1 & "o ano!r1--! popul> cr[d1 especially ! city cr[d1 :i* sees no compreh5sible mean+ 9 ev]y?+ :i* is be+ done by ^! m51 involunt>ily ascribes a special1 almo/ a sup]natural significance to !m4 ,! cr[d sees1 = example1 t triumphal ar*es are be+ erect$2 t m5 masqu]ade 9 cr[ns1 uni=ms1 ve/m5ts2 t fireworks are display$1 cannon are fir$1 bells are rung1 regim5ts are m>*+ ) music1 docum5ts1 telegrams1 & c\ri]s fly f "o place to ano!r1 & /rangely masqu]ad+ m5 ) preoccupation keep rid+ f "o place to ano!r1 say+ & writ+ some?+1 & s =?1--&1 n be+ able to v]ify :e!r !re is ! slighte/ ne$ = :at is be+ done 7z1 inde$1 !re is none71 ascribes to all ?is a special1 my/]i\s1 & important mean+1 & ) %\ts ( transport or ) sil5t awe meets all ^! manife/ations4 ,b 9 ! meantime ^! expressions ( transport & ! con/ant respect ( ! cr[d /ill m /r5g!n ! assurance ( ! m5 :o are do+ all ^! fooli% ?+s4 ,lately ,william ,,ii4 ord]$ a new ?rone = himself1 ) "s special ornam5ts1 &1 dress+ himself up 9 a :ite uni=m ) pat*es1 9 tight tr\s]s1 & 9 a helmet ) a bird on x1 & ?r[+ a r$ mantle ov] all1 came out to 8 subjects & seat$ himself on ?is ?rone1 ) ! full assurance t ?is 0 a v necess>y & important act1 & 8 subjects n only did n see any?+ funny 9 all ?is1 b ev5 f\nd ?is spectacle to be v maje/ic4 ,,xvi4 ,! p[] ( ! gov]nm5ts has n[ = a long "t ceas$ to be bas$ on =ce1 z x 0 bas$ 9 ^? times :5 "o nationality conqu]$ ano!r & by =ce ( arms held x 9 subjection1 or :5 ! rul]s1 amid/ a def5celess p1 ma9ta9$ sep>ate arm$ troops ( janiss>ies1 opr*niks1 or gu>dsm54 ,! p[] ( ! gov]nm5ts has n[ = a long "t be5 bas$ on :at is call$ public op9ion4 ,!re exi/s a public op9ion t patriotism is a great moral s5tim5t1 & t x is good & "r to consid] "o's own nation1 "o's own /ate1 ! be/ 9 ! _w1 & f ?is !re naturally e/abli%es itself a public op9ion t x is necess>y to recognize ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5t ov] ourselves & to submit to x2 t x is good & "r to s]ve 9 ! army & to submit to discipl9e2 t x is good & "r to give up our sav+s 9 ! %ape ( taxes to ! gov]nm5t2 t x is good & "r to submit to ! decisions ( ! c\rts2 t x is good & "r to believe )\t v]ification 9 :at is giv5 out z a div9e tru? by ! m5 ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,once su* a public op9ion exi/s1 !re e/abli%es itself a mighty p[]1 :i* 9 our "t has comm& ( milli>ds ( money1 ( an organiz$ me*anism ( gov]nm5t1 ! po/1 ! telegraphs1 ! telephones1 discipl9$ armies1 c\rts1 ! police1 a submissive cl]gy1 ! s*ool1 ev5 ! press1 & ?is p[] ma9ta9s 9 ! nations t public op9ion :i* x ne$s4 ,! p[] ( ! gov]nm5ts is ma9ta9$ ?r\gh public op9ion2 b1 hav+ ! p[]1 ! gov]nm5ts by means ( all _! organs1 ! (fic]s ( ! c\rts1 ! s*ool1 ! *ur*1 ev5 ! press1 are always able to keep up ! public op9ion :i* !y ne$4 ,public op9ion produces p[]1--p[] produces public op9ion4 ,!re seems to be no way out f ?is situation4 ,?us x w\ld1 inde$1 be1 if public op9ion 7 some?+ /able & un*ang+1 & if ! gov]nm5ts 7 able to produce ! public op9ion :i* !y ne$4 ,b =tunately ?is is n ! case1 & public op9ion is1 9 ! fir/ place1 n some?+ :i* is con/ant1 un*ang+1 /able1 b1 on ! contr>y1 some?+ et]nally *ang+1 mov+ toge!r ) ! motion ( humanity2 &1 9 ! second1 public op9ion n only _c be produc$ by ! w ( ! gov]nm5ts1 b is t :i* produces ! gov]nm5ts & gives !m p[] or takes x away f !m4 ,x may appe> t public op9ion rema9s immovable & n[ is su* z x 0 decades ago1 & x may appe> t public op9ion wav]s 9 relation to c]ta9 special cases1 z ?\gh go+ back1 s t1 = example1 x n[ de/roys ! republic1 putt+ ! mon>*y 9 its place1 & n[ aga9 de/roys ! mon>*y1 putt+ ! republic 9 its place2 b t only seems s :5 we view ! ext]nal manife/ations ( t public op9ion :i* is artificially produc$ by ! gov]nm5ts4 ,we ne$ only take public op9ion 9 its relation to ! :ole life ( m51 & we %all see t public op9ion1 j l ! "t ( ! day or ye>1 nev] /&s 9 "o place1 b is always 9 motion1 always m>*+ unre/rict$ly ahead along ! pa? on :i* humanity proce$s1 j z1 9 spite ( ret>dations & wav]+s1 day or spr+ moves on unre/rict$ly along ! pa? ov] :i* ! sun travels4 ,?us1 ?\gh by ! ext]nal signs ! condition ( ! nations ( ,europe 9 our "t is ne>ly ! same t x 0 fifty ye>s ago1 ! relation ( ! nations t[>d x is n[ entirely diff]5t f :at x 0 fifty ye>s ago4 ,?\gh !re exi/1 ev5 z fifty ye>s ago1 ! same rul]s1 armies1 w>s1 taxes1 luxury1 & mis]y1 ! same ,ca?olicism1 ,or?odoxy1 ,lu!ranism1 ^! exi/$ be=e because ! public op9ion ( ! nations dem&$ !m1 b n[ !y all exi/ because ! gov]nm5ts artificially ma9ta9 t :i* =m]ly 0 a liv+ public op9ion4 ,if we frequ5tly d n notice ?is motion ( public op9ion1 z we d n notice ! motion ( wat] 9 ! riv]1 ) ! curr5t ( :i* we are swimm+1 ?is is due to ! fact t ^? imp]ceptible *anges ( public op9ion :i* =m its motion are tak+ place 9 ourselves4 ,! prop]ty ( public op9ion is t ( con/ant & unre/rict$ motion4 ,if x seems to u t x is /&+ 9 "o place1 ?is is due to ! fact t ev]y:]e !re are p :o h e/abli%$ an advantage\s position = !mselves at a c]ta9 mom5t ( public op9ion1 & s ) all _! /r5g? try to ma9ta9 x & n to admit ! manife/ation ( ! new1 ! pres5t public op9ion :i*1 ?\gh n yet fully express$1 is liv+ 9 ! consci\sness ( m54 ,su* p1 :o reta9 ! obsolete public op9ion & conceal ! new1 are all ^? :o at ! pres5t "t =m ! gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes1 & :o pr(ess patriotism z an indisp5sable condition ( human life4 ,! means :i* are at ! comm& ( ^! p are enorm\s1 b s9ce public op9ion is some?+ et]nally fl[+ & increas+1 all _! ef=ts _c help b be va93 ! old gr[s old1 & ! y\?ful gr[s4 ,! long] ! expression ( ! new public op9ion %all be reta9$1 ! m x w gr[1 & ! great] w be ! =ce ) :i* x w express itself4 ,! gov]nm5t & ! rul+ classes try ) all _! /r5g? to reta9 t old public op9ion ( patriotism1 on :i* _! p[] is bas$1 & to ret>d ! manife/ation ( ! new1 :i* w de/roy x4 ,b x is possible only )9 c]ta9 limits to reta9 ! old & ret>d ! new1 j z runn+ wat] c be held back by a dam only )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,no matt] h[ mu* ! gov]nm5ts may try to r\se 9 ! nations ! pa/ public op9ion1 n[ no long] *>act]i/ic ( !m1 conc]n+ ! dignity & virtue ( patriotism1 ! m5 ( our "t no long] believe 9 patriotism1 b m & m believe 9 ! solid>ity & bro!rhood ( ! nations4 ,patriotism n[ pres5ts to m5 no?+ b ! mo/ t]rible future2 b ! bro!rhood ( ! nations =ms t ideal :i* m & m gr[s to be compreh5sible & desirable = humanity4 ,& s ! transition ( m5 f ! =m] obsolete public op9ion to ! new mu/ inevitably be accompli%$4 ,?is transition is z inevitable z ! fall+ ( ! la/ s]e leaves 9 autumn & ! unfold+ ( ! "y leaves 9 swell+ buds4 ,! long] ?is transition is delay$1 ! m imp]ative does x become1 & ! m obvi\s is its necessity4 ,inde$1 we ne$ only recall :at x is we are pr(ess+1 z ,*ri/ians1 & simply z m5 ( our "t1 we ne$ b recall ^? moral bases :i* guide u 9 our public1 dome/ic1 & private life1 & t position 9 :i* we h plac$ ourselves 9 ! "n ( patriotism1 9 ord] t we may see :at degree ( contradiction we h rea*$ betwe5 our consci\sness & t :i* among u1 ?anks to ! int5sifi$ influ5ce ( ! gov]nm5t 9 ?is respect1 is reg>d$ z our public op9ion4 ,we ne$ only reflect on ^? v usual dem&s ( patriotism1 :i* pres5t !mselves to u z some?+ v simple & natural1 9 ord] t we may und]/& to :at ext5t ^! dem&s contradict t real public op9ion :i* we all %>e n[4 ,we all consid] ourselves free1 cultur$1 humane m51 & ev5 ,*ri/ians1 & at ! same "t we are 9 su* a position t if to-morr[ ,william takes umbrage at ,alex&]1 or ,mr4 ,n---- writes a clev] article on ! ,ea/]n "q1 or "s pr9ce robs ! ,bulg>ians or ! ,s]vians1 or "s que5 or empress takes (f5ce at some?+1 we all1 ! cultur$1 humane ,*ri/ians1 mu/ g out to kill m51 :om we d n "k1 & t[>d :om we are fri5dly dispos$1 z t[>d all m54 ,if ?is has n yet happ5$1 we owe ?is1 z we are assur$1 to ! peaceful m9d ( ,alex&] ,,iii41 or to ?is1 t ,ni*olas ,aleksndrovi* is go+ to m>ry ,victoria's gr&*ild4 ,b let ano!r man be 9 ! place ( ,alex&]1 or let ,alex&] himself *ange 8 mood1 or ,ni*olas ,aleksndrovi* m>ry ,amalia1 & n ,alice1 & we %all ?r[ ourselves l blood?ir/y animals ^u "o ano!r1 to take out "o ano!r's guts4 ,su* is ! suppos$ public op9ion ( our "t4 ,su* op9ions are calmly repeat$ 9 all ! lead+ & lib]al organs ( ! press4 ,illu/ration3 ,alex&] ,,iii4 ,photogravure f ,photograph ,if we1 ! ,*ri/ians ( "o ?\s& ye>s' /&+1 h n yet cut "o ano!r's ?roats1 x is because ,alex&] ,,iii4 does n let u d s4 ,?is is1 inde$1 t]rible4 ,,xvii4 ,= ! greate/ & mo/ important *anges to take place 9 ! life ( humanity1 no exploits are ne$$1--nei!r ! armam5t ( millions ( soldi]s1 nor ! con/ruction ( new roads & ma*9es1 nor ! e/abli%m5t ( exhibitions1 nor ! e/abli%m5t ( lab\r-unions1 nor revolutions1 nor b>ricades1 nor explosions1 nor ! inv5tion ( a]ial motion1 & s =?1 b only a *ange 9 public op9ion4 ,b = public op9ion to *ange1 no ef=ts ( ! m9d are ne$$1 nor ! rejection ( any?+ exi/+1 nor ! inv5tion ( any?+ unusual & new2 all t is ne$$ is1 t e sep>ate man %\ld say :at he actually ?9ks & feels1 or at lea/ %\ld n say :at he does n ?9k4 ,let m51 ev5 a small numb] ( !m1 d s1 & ! obsolete public op9ion w fall ( its own accord & !re w be manife/$ ! y\?ful1 live1 pres5t public op9ion4 ,& let public op9ion *ange1 & ! inn] /ructure ( m5's life1 :i* torm5ts & pa9s !m1 w be *ang$ )\t any ef=t4 ,x is really a %ame to ?9k h[ little is ne$$ = all m5 to be fre$ f all ^? calamities :i* n[ oppress !m2 !y ne$ only /op ly+4 ,let m5 only n succumb to t lie :i* is inculcat$ on !m1 let !m n say :at !y d n ?9k or feel1 & imm$iately a revolution w take place 9 ! :ole /ructure ( our life1 su* z ! revolutioni/s w n accompli% 9 c5turies1 ev5 if all ! p[] 7 9 _! h&s4 ,if m5 only believ$ t ! /r5g? is n 9 /r5g?1 b 9 ! tru?1 & if !y boldly express$ x1 or at lea/ did n dep>t f x 9 words & de$s1--if !y did n say :at !y d n ?9k1 & did n d :at !y consid] bad & /upid4 ,:at h>m is !re 9 cry+ ',vive la ,france6' or ',hurrah6' to "s emp]or1 k+1 victor1 or 9 go+ 9 a uni=m1 ) ! *amb]la9's key1 to wait = him 9 ! ante*amb]1 to b[1 & to address him by /range titles1 & !n to impress all "y & uncultur$ m5 ) ! fact t ?is is v praisewor?y8 ,or1 ,:at h>m is !re 9 writ+ an article 9 def5ce ( ! ,franco-,russian alliance or ! ,cu/oms ,w>1 or 9 condemnation ( ! ,g]mans1 ,russians1 ,fr5*m51 ,engli%m58 ,or1 ,:at h>m is !re 9 att5d+ "s patriotic celebration & eulogiz+ m5 :om y d n c>e = & h no?+ to d )1 & dr9k+ _! heal?8 ,or ev51 ,:at h>m is !re 9 recogniz+1 9 a conv]sation1 ! b5efit & usefulness ( treaties1 or alliances1 or ev5 9 keep+ sil5t1 :5 y\r nation & /ate is prais$ 9 y\r pres5ce1 & o!r nationalities are curs$ & black5$1 or :5 ,ca?olicism1 ,or?odoxy1 ,lu!ranism are prais$1 or :5 "s w> h]o or rul]1 l ,napoleon1 ,pet]1 or ! contempor>y ,b\lang] or ,skbelev1 are prais$8 ,all t seems s unimportant1 & yet 9 ^! seem+ly unimportant acts1 9 our alo(ness f !m1 9 our read9ess to po9t out1 accord+ to our /r5g?1 ! irrationality ( :at is obvi\sly irrational1--9 ?is does our great1 inv9cible p[] consi/1 ! p[] :i* composes t insup]able =ce :i* =ms ! real1 actual1 public op9ion1 :i*1 mov+ itself1 moves ! :ole ( humanity4 ,! gov]nm5ts "k ?is1 & tremble be=e ?is =ce1 & ) all ! means at _! comm& try to c\nt]act x & to get possession ( x4 ,!y "k t ! =ce is n 9 =ce1 b 9 ?\ght & 9 its cle> enunciation1 & s !y are m afraid ( ! expression ( indep5d5t ?\ght ?an ( armies1 & e/abli% c5sor%ips1 bribe newspap]s1 take possession ( ! managem5t ( religion & ( s*ools4 ,b ! spiritual =ce :i* moves ! _w slips away f !m3 x is n ev5 9 a book1 a newspap]1--x is intangible & always free1--x is 9 ! dep? ( m5's consci\sness4 ,! mo/ p[]ful1 intangible1 free/ =ce is ! "o :i* is manife/$ 9 man's s\l1 :5 he by himself reflects on ! ph5om5a ( ! _w1 & !n involunt>ily expresses 8 ?\ghts to 8 wife1 bro!r1 fri5d1 to all ^? m5 ) :om he comes toge!r1 & f :om he consid]s x a s9 to conceal :at he reg>ds z ! tru?4 ,no milli>ds ( r\bles1 millions ( soldi]s1 no in/itutions1 nor w>s1 nor revolutions w produce :at w be produc$ by ! simple expression ( a free man z to :at he consid]s j1 indep5d5tly ( :at exi/s & :at is inculcat$ ^u him4 ,"o free man w tru?fully say :at he ?9ks & feels1 amid/ ?\s&s ( m51 :o by _! acts & words affirm ! v opposite4 ,x w\ld seem t ! man :o frankly express$ 8 ?\ght w\ld rema9 alone1 :ile 9 reality x happ5s t all ^? m51 or ! majority ( !m1 h long be5 ?9k+ & feel+ ! same1 b h n express$ _! ?\ght4 ,& :at ye/]day 0 ! new op9ion ( "o man1 to-day becomes ! common op9ion ( all m54 ,& z soon z ?is op9ion has e/abli%$ itself1 m5's acts beg9 to *ange imp]ceptibly1 sl[ly1 b irresi/ibly4 ,=1 z x is1 e free man says to himself3 ,:at c ,i d aga9/ all ?is sea ( evil & deceit1 :i* inundates me8 ,:y %\ld ,i give expression to my ?\ght8 ,:y ev5 give =m to x8 ,x is bett] n to ?9k ( ^! obscure & intricate que/ions4 ,maybe ^! contradictions =m an inevitable condition ( all ! ph5om5a ( life4 ,& :y %\ld ,i alone /ruggle aga9/ all ?is evil ( ! _w8 ,w\ld x n be bett] if ,i ab&on$ myself to ! curr5t :i* sweeps me along8 ,if any?+ c be done1 x c be done only 9 conjunction ) o!r m54 ,&1 ab&on+ t p[]ful in/rum5t ( ?\ght & its expression1 :i* moves ! _w1 ?is man takes up ! in/rum5t ( public activity1 )\t notic+ t all public activity is bas$ on ! v pr9ciples aga9/ :i* he has to /ruggle1 t 9 ent]+ ^u any public activity :i* exi/s amid/ our _w1 he mu/ at lea/ p>tially dep>t f ! tru?1 make su* concessions z w de/roy ! :ole =ce ( t p[]ful in/rum5t ( ! /ruggle :i* is giv5 to him4 ,x is z ?\gh a man1 into ^: h&s an unusually %>p dagg] is giv51 "o t cuts ev]y?+1 %\ld drive 9 nails ) ! blade4 ,we all deplore ! s5seless ord] ( life :i* contradicts all our exi/5ce1 & yet n only fail to make use ( ! "o mo/ p[]ful tool1 :i* is 9 our h&s1--! recognition ( ! tru? & its expression1--b1 on ! contr>y1 "u ! pretext ( /ruggl+ ) evil1 de/roy ?is tool & sacrifice x to ! imag9>y /ruggle aga9/ ?is ord]4 ,"o man does n tell ! tru? :i* he kn[s1 because he feels himself "u obligation to ! m5 ) :om he is connect$2 ano!r1--because ! tru? might deprive him ( ! advantage\s position by means ( :i* he is support+ 8 family2 a ?ird1--because he wants to atta9 glory & p[]1 to use !m lat] 9 ! s]vice ( m52 a f\r?1--because he does n wi% to violate ! anci5t sacr$ traditions2 a fif?1--because ! expression ( ! tru? w provoke p]secution & w impair t good public activity to :i* he is devot+ himself1 or int5ds to devote himself4 ,"o man s]ves z an emp]or1 k+1 m9i/]1 (ficial1 soldi]1 & assures himself & o!rs t ! deviation f ! tru? :i* is necess>y 9 8 position is m ?an r$eem$ by 8 usefulness4 ,ano!r ex]cises ! (fice ( a spiritual pa/or1 ?\gh 9 ! dep? ( 8 he>t he does n believe 9 :at he tea*es1 p]mitt+ himself a deviation f ! tru? 9 view ( ! good :i* he does4 ,a ?ird in/ructs m5 9 lit]ature &1 9 spite ( ! suppression ( ! :ole tru?1 9 ord] n to provoke ! gov]nm5t & society aga9/ himself1 has no d\bt z to ! good :i* he does2 a f\r? simply /ruggles aga9/ ! exi/+ ord]1 z d ! revolutioni/s & an>*i/s1 & is fully conv9c$ t ! aim :i* he pursues is s b5efic5t t ! suppression ( ! tru?1 :i* is indisp5sable 9 8 activity1 & ev5 ly+ w n de/roy ! good effect ( 8 activity4 ,= ! ord] ( life :i* is contr>y to ! consci\sness ( m5 to give way to "o 9 accord ) x1 x is necess>y = ! obsolete public op9ion to give way to a live & new "o4 ,= ! old1 obsolete public op9ion to give way to ! new1 live "o1 x is necess>y t ! m5 :o are consci\s ( ! new dem&s ( life %\ld cle>ly express !m4 ,mean:ile all ! m5 :o recognize all ^! new dem&s1 "o 9 ! "n ( "o ?+1 & ano!r 9 ! "n ( ano!r1 n only repress !m1 b ev5 9 words & de$s confirm :at is directly oppos$ to ^! dem&s4 ,only ! tru? & its expression c e/abli% t new public op9ion :i* w *ange ! obsolete & h>mful ord] ( life2 we1 h[ev]1 n only d n express ! tru? :i* we "k1 b frequ5tly ev5 express precisely :at we consid] to be an untru?4 ,if free m5 w\ld only n dep5d on :at has no =ce & is nev] free1--on ext]nal p[]1--& w\ld always believe 9 :at is always p[]ful & free1--9 ! tru? & its expression4 ,if m5 only express$ boldly ! tru?1 already reveal$ to !m1 ab\t ! bro!rhood ( all ! nations & ab\t ! crim9ality ( ! exclusive memb]%ip 9 "o nation1 ! dead1 false public op9ion1 on :i* ! :ole p[] ( ! gov]nm5ts is bas$1 & all ! evil produc$ by !m1 w\ld fall (f by itself l a dri$-up sk91 & !re w\ld appe> t new1 live public op9ion1 :i* is only wait+ = ! sl\gh+ (f ( ! hamp]+ old op9ion1 9 ord] cle>ly & boldly to proclaim its dem&s & e/abli% ! new =ms ( life 9 accordance ) ! consci\sness ( m54 ,,xviii4 ,m5 ne$ b und]/& t :at is giv5 out to !m z public op9ion1 :at is ma9ta9$ by su* complex & artificial means1 is n public op9ion1 b only ! dead consequ5ce ( ! quondam public op9ion2 !y ne$ only1 above all1 believe 9 !mselves1 9 ?is1 t :at is cogniz$ by !m 9 ! dep? ( _! he>ts1 :at begs = recognition & f9ds no expression only because x contradicts public op9ion1 is t =ce :i* *anges ! _w1 & ! manife/ation ( :i* =ms man's de/9y2 m5 ne$ b believe t ! tru? is n :at m5 ab\t him say1 b :at 8 consci5ce1 t is1 ,god1 says to him1 & imm$iately !re w disappe> ! false1 artificially su/a9$ public op9ion1 & ! true "o w be e/abli%$4 ,if m5 only said :at !y believe1 & did n say :at !y d n believe1 !re w\ld imm$iately disappe> ! sup]/itions t result f patriotism1 & all ! evil feel+s & all ! viol5ce1 :i* are bas$ on !m4 ,!re w\ld disappe> ! hatr$ & ho/ility ( /ates aga9/ /ates & ( nationalities aga9/ nationalities1 :i* are fann$ by ! gov]nm5ts2 !re w\ld disappe> ! eulogiz+ ( milit>y exploits1 t is1 ( murd]2 !re w\ld1 above all else1 disappe> ! respect = ! au?orities1 ! surr5d] ( p's lab\rs & ! submission to !m1 = :i* !re are no f\ndations outside ( patriotism4 ,let all ?is be done1 & imm$iately all t va/ mass ( weak m51 :o are always guid$ f )\t1 w sweep ov] to ! side ( ! new public op9ion4 ,& ! new public op9ion w become ! rul+ "o 9 ! place ( ! old public op9ion4 ,let ! gov]nm5ts h possession ( ! s*ool1 ! *ur*1 ! press1 milli>ds ( r\bles1 & millions ( discipl9$ m5 turn$ into ma*9es1--all t app>5tly t]rible organization ( rude =ce is no?+ 9 comp>ison ) ! recognition ( ! tru?1 :i* arises 9 ! he>t ( "o man :o kn[s ! =ce ( ! tru?1 & is communicat$ by ?is man to ano!r1 a ?ird man1 j z an endless numb] ( c&les are light$ f "o4 ,?is light ne$ only burn1 &1 l ! wax be=e ! face ( ! fire1 all ?is seem+ly s p[]ful organization w wa/e away4 ,if m5 only und]/ood t t]rible p[] :i* is giv5 !m 9 ! ^w :i* expresses ! tru?4 ,if m5 only did n sell _! bir?right = a mess ( pottage4 ,if m5 only made use ( ?is p[] ( !irs1--! rul]s w\ld n only n d>e1 z !y d>e n[1 to ?reat5 m5 ) univ]sal slaught]1 to :i* !y w drive m5 or n1 z !y may see fit1 b w\ld n ev5 d>e 9 ! sight ( peaceable citiz5s to br+ ! discipl9$ murd]]s out on p>ade or 9 manuvres2 ! gov]nm5ts w\ld n d>e = _! own pr(it1 = ! advantage ( _! accomplices1 to make & unmake cu/oms treaties1 & !y w\ld n d>e to collect f ! p ^? millions ( r\bles :i* !y di/ribute to _! accomplices & = :i* !y prep>e !mselves = ! commission ( murd]4 ,& s ! *ange is n only possible1 b x is ev5 impossible = x n to take place1 z x is impossible = an ov]gr[n1 dead tree n to rot1 & = a "y "o n to gr[4 ,peace ,i leave ) y1 my peace ,i give unto y3 n z ! _w give? give ,i unto y2 let n y\r he>t be tr\bl$1 nei!r let x be afraid1 said ,*ri/4 ,& ?is peace is actually already among u1 & x dep5ds on u to atta9 x4 ,if only ! he>ts ( sep>ate m5 did n gr[ fa9t f ^? temptations ) :i* !y are tempt$ e h\r1 & if !y 7 n fright5$ by ^? imag9>y fe>s ) :i* !y are t]rifi$4 ,if m5 only knew 9 :at _! mighty1 all-conqu]+ =ce consi/s1 ! peace = :i* m5 h always wi%$1 n ! "o :i* is obta9$ by means ( diplomatic treaties1 j\rneys ( emp]ors & k+s f "o city to ano!r1 d9n]s1 spee*es1 =tresses1 cannon1 dynamite1 & mel5ite1 b ! "o :i* is obta9$ n by ! exhau/ion ( ! masses by taxes1 n by te>+ ! fl[] ( ! population away f "w & debau*+ !m1 b by ! free pr(ession ( ! tru? by e sep>ate individual1 w\ld long ago h come to u4 ,mosc[1 ,m>* #ag1 #ahid4 ,,reason ,,& ,,religion #ahie ,,reason ,,& ,,religion ,y ask me3 #a4 ,%\ld p :o are n p>ticul>ly advanc$ m5tally seek an expression 9 words = ! tru?s ( ! inn] life1 z compreh5d$ by !m8 #b4 ,is x wor? :ile 9 "o's inn] life to /rive aft] complete consci\sness8 #c4 ,:at are we to be guid$ by 9 mom5ts ( /ruggle & wav]+1 t we may "k :e!r x is inde$ our consci5ce t is speak+ 9 u1 or :e!r x is reflection1 :i* is brib$ by our weakness8 7,! ?ird "q ,i = brevity's sake express$ 9 my own words1 )\t hav+ *ang$ its mean+1 ,i hope47 ,^! ?ree que/ions 9 my op9ion r$uce !mselves to "o1--! second1 because1 if x is n necess>y = u to /rive aft] a full consci\sness ( our inn] life1 x w be also unnecess>y & impossible = u to express 9 words ! tru?s :i* we h grasp$1 & 9 mom5ts ( wav]+ we %all h no?+ to be guid$ by1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r x is our consci5ce or a false reflection t is speak+ )9 u4 ,b if x is necess>y to /rive aft] ! greate/ consci\sness accessible to human reason 7:atev] ?is reason may be71 x is also necess>y to express ! tru?s grasp$ by u 9 words1 & x is ^! express$ tru?s :i* h be5 c>ri$ into full consci\sness t we h to be guid$ by 9 mom5ts ( /ruggle & wav]+4 ,& s ,i answ] y\r radical "q 9 ! affirmative1 namely1 t e man1 = ! fulfilm5t ( 8 de/9y ^u e>? & = ! atta9m5t ( ! true good 7! two ?+s g toge!r71 mu/ /ra9 all ! =ces ( 8 m9d = ! purpose ( elucidat+ to himself ^? religi\s bases by :i* he lives1 t is1 ! mean+ ( 8 life4 ,i h frequ5tly met among illit]ate e>?-digg]s1 :o h to figure out cubic cont5ts1 ! wide-spread conviction t ! ma!matical calculation is deceptive1 & t x is n to be tru/$4 ,ei!r because !y d n "k any ma!matics1 or because ! m5 :o figur$ ?+s out ma!matically = !m _h frequ5tly consci\sly or unconsci\sly deceiv$ !m1 ! op9ion t ma!matics 0 inadequate & useless = ! calculation ( measures has e/abli%$ itself z an und\bt$ tru? :i* !y ?9k x is ev5 unnecess>y to prove4 ,j su* an op9ion has e/abli%$ itself among1 ,i %all say x boldly1 irreligi\s m51--an op9ion t reason _c solve any religi\s que/ions1--t ! application ( reason to ^! que/ions is ! *ief cause ( errors1 t ! solution ( religi\s que/ions by means ( reason is crim9al pride4 ,i say ?is1 because ! d\bt1 express$ 9 y\r que/ions1 z to :e!r x is necess>y to /rive aft] consci\sness 9 our religi\s convictions1 c be bas$ only on ?is supposition1 namely1 t reason _c be appli$ to ! solution ( religi\s que/ions4 ,h[ev]1 su* a supposition is z /range & obvi\sly false z ! supposition t calculation _c settle any ma!matical que/ions4 ,god has giv5 man b "o tool = ! cognition ( himself & 8 relation to ! _w1--!re is no o!r1--& ?is tool is reason1 & sudd5ly he is told t he c use 8 reason = ! elucidation ( 8 dome/ic1 economic1 political1 sci5tific1 arti/ic que/ions1 b n = ! elucidation ( :at x is giv5 him =4 ,x turns out t = ! elucidation ( ! mo/ important tru?s1 ( ^? on :i* 8 :ole life dep5ds1 a man mu/ by no means employ reason1 b mu/ recognize ^! tru?s z beyond reason1 :]eas beyond reason a man _c cognize any?+4 ,!y say1 ,f9d x out1 ?r\gh revelation1 fai?4 ,b a man _c ev5 believe outside ( reason4 ,if a man believes 9 ?is1 & n 9 t1 he does s only because 8 reason tells him t he ought to believe 9 ?is1 & n to believe 9 t4 ,to say t a man %\ld n be guid$ by reason is ! same z say+ to a man1 :o 9 a d>k und]gr\nd room is c>ry+ a lamp1 t1 to get out f ?is und]gr\nd room & f9d 8 way1 he ought to put out 8 lamp & be guid$ by some?+ diff]5t f ! light4 ,b1 p]haps1 ,i %all be told1 z y say 9 y\r lett]1 t n all m5 are end[$ ) a great m9d & ) a special ability = express+ _! ?\ghts1 & t1 !re=e1 an awkw>d expression ( _! ?\ghts conc]n+ religion may lead to error4 ,to ?is ,i w answ] 9 ! words ( ! ,gospel1 ,:at is hidd5 f ! wise is reveal$ to babes4 ,?is say+ is n an exagg]ation & n a p>adox1 z p g5]ally judge ( ^? utt]ances ( ! ,gospel :i* d n please !m1 b ! ass]tion ( a mo/ simple & unque/ionable tru?1 :i* is1 t to e be+ 9 ! _w a law is giv51 :i* ?is be+ mu/ foll[1 & t = ! cognition ( ?is law e be+ is end[$ ) correspond+ organs4 ,& s e man is end[$ ) reason1 & 9 ?is reason !re is reveal$ to him ! law :i* he mu/ foll[4 ,?is law is hidd5 only f ^? :o d n want to foll[ x & :o1 9 ord] n to foll[ x1 r5\nce reason &1 in/ead ( us+ _! reason = ! cognition ( ! tru?1 use = ?is purpose ! indications1 tak5 ^u fai?1 ( p l !mselves1 :o also reject reason4 ,b ! law :i* a man mu/ foll[ is s simple t x is accessible to any *ild1 ! m s s9ce a man has no long] any ne$ ( discov]+ ! law ( 8 life4 ,m5 :o liv$ be=e him discov]$ & express$ x1 & all a man has to d is to v]ify !m ) 8 reason1 to accept or n to accept ! propositions :i* he f9ds express$ 9 ! tradition1 t is1 n z p1 :o wi% n to fulfil ! law1 advise u to d1 by v]ify+ reason ?r\gh tradition1 b by v]ify+ tradition ?r\gh reason4 ,tradition may be f m51 & false1 b reason is c]ta9ly f ,god1 & _c be false4 ,& s1 = ! cognition & ! expression ( tru?1 !re is no ne$ ( any especial prom95t capacity1 b only ( ! fai? t reason is n only ! highe/ div9e quality ( man1 b also ! only tool = ! cognition ( tru?4 ,a special m9d & gifts are n ne$$ = ! cognition & exposition ( ! tru?1 b = ! inv5tion & exposition ( ! lie4 ,hav+ once dep>t$ f ! indications ( reason1 m5 heap up & take ^u fai?1 g5]ally 9 ! %ape ( laws1 revelations1 dogmas1 su* complicat$1 unnatural1 & contradictory propositions t1 9 ord] to exp\nd !m & h>monize !m ) ! lie1 !re is actually a ne$ ( a/ut5ess ( m9d & ( a special gift4 ,we ne$ only ?9k ( a man ( our _w1 educat$ 9 ! religi\s t5ets ( any ,*ri/ian pr(ession1--,ca?olic1 ,or?odox1 ,prote/ant1--:o wants to elucidate to himself ! religi\s t5ets inculcat$ ^u him s9ce *ildhood1 & to h>monize !m ) life1--:at a complicat$ m5tal lab\r he mu/ g ?r\gh 9 ord] to h>monize all ! contradictions :i* are f\nd 9 ! pr(ession inoculat$ 9 him by 8 education3 ,god1 ! ,creator & ! good1 creat$ evil1 puni%es p1 & dem&s r$emption1 & s =?1 & we pr(ess ! law ( love & ( =giv5ess1 & we puni%1 wage w>1 take away ! prop]ty f poor p1 & s =?1 & s =?4 ,x is = ! unravell+ ( ^! contradictions1 or r1 = ! concealm5t ( !m f ourselves1 t a great m9d & special gifts are ne$$2 b = ! discov]y ( ! law ( our life1 or1 z y express x1 9 ord] to br+ our fai? into full consci\sness1 no special m5tal gifts are ne$$1--all t is necess>y is n to admit any?+ t is contr>y to reason1 n to reject reason1 religi\sly to gu>d reason1 & to believe 9 no?+ else4 ,if ! mean+ ( a man's life pres5ts itself to him indi/9ctly1 t does n prove t reason is ( no use = ! elucidation ( ?is mean+1 b only ?is1 t too mu* ( :at is irrational has be5 tak5 ^u fai?1 & t x is necess>y to reject ev]y?+ :i* is n confirm$ by reason4 ,& s my answ] to y\r fundam5tal "q1 z to :e!r x is necess>y to /rive aft] consci\sness 9 our inn] life1 is ?is1 t ?is is ! mo/ necess>y & important "w ( our life4 ,x is necess>y & important because ! only rational mean+ ( our life consi/s 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ! w ( ,god :o s5t u into ?is life4 ,b ! w ( ,god is n recogniz$ by any special miracle1 by ! writ+ ( ! law on tablets ) ,god's f+]1 or by ! composition ( an infallible book ) ! aid ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 or by ! infallibility ( "s holy p]son or ( an assembly ( m51--b only by ! activity ( ! reason ( all m5 :o 9 de$s & words transmit to "o ano!r ! tru?s :i* h become m & m elucidat$ to _! consci\sness4 ,?is cognition has nev] be5 & nev] w be complete1 b is con/antly increas$ ) ! movem5t ( humanity3 ! long] we live1 ! m cle>ly d we recognize ,god's w &1 consequ5tly1 :at we ought to d = its fulfilm5t4 ,& s ,i ?9k t ! elucidation by any man 7no matt] h[ small he himself & o!rs may consid] him to be--x is ! little ones :o are great7 ( ! :ole religi\s tru?1 z x is accessible to him1 & its expression 9 words 7s9ce ! expression 9 words is ! "o unque/ionable symptom ( a complete cle>ness ( ideas7 is "o ( ! mo/ important & mo/ sacr$ duties ( man4 ,i %all be v mu* pleas$ if my answ] %all satisfy y ev5 9 "p4 ,,patriotism ,,or ,,peace ,lett] to ,manson #ahif ,,patriotism ,,or ,,peace ,lett] to ,manson ,,de> ,,sir3--,y write to me ask+ me to express myself 9 respect to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica 9 ! int]e/s ( ,*ri/ian consi/5cy & true peace1 & express ! hope t ! nations w soon awak5 to ! "o means ( secur+ national peace4 ,i h>b\r ! same hope4 ,i h>b\r ! same hope1 because ! bl9dness 9 our "t ( ! nations t extol patriotism1 br+ up _! "y g5]ations 9 ! sup]/ition ( patriotism1 &1 at ! same "t1 d n wi% = ! inevitable consequ5ces ( patriotism1--w>1--has1 x seems to me1 rea*$ su* a la/ /age t ! simple/ reflection1 :i* begs = utt]ance 9 ! m\? ( e unprejudic$ man1 is suffici5t1 9 ord] t m5 may see ! cry+ contradiction 9 :i* !y are4 ,frequ5tly1 :5 y ask *ildr5 :i* !y w *oose ( two ?+s :i* are incompatible1 b :i* !y want alike1 !y answ]1 ,bo?4 ,:i* d y want1--to g out driv+ or to /ay at home8--,bo?1--g out driv+ & /ay at home4 ,j s ! ,*ri/ian nations answ] ! "q :i* life puts to !m1 z to :i* !y w *oose1 patriotism or peace1 !y answ] ,bo? patriotism & peace1 ?\gh x is z impossible to unite patriotism ) peace1 z at ! same "t to g out driv+ & /ay at home4 ,! o!r day !re arose a diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,engl& conc]n+ ! bord]s ( ,v5ezuela4 ,salisbury = "s reason did n agree to some?+2 ,clevel& wrote a message to ! ,s5ate2 f ei!r side 7 rais$ patriotic w>like cries2 a panic ensu$ ^u ',*ange2 p lo/ millions ( p\nds & ( doll>s2 ,edison ann\nc$ t he w\ld inv5t eng9es ) :i* x w\ld be possible to kill m m5 9 an h\r ?an ,attila _h kill$ 9 all 8 w>s1 & bo? nations began en]getically to arm !mselves = w>4 ,b because1 simultane\sly ) ^! prep>ations = w>1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica1 all k9ds ( lit]>y m51 pr9ces1 & /atesm5 began to admoni% _! respective gov]nm5ts to ab/a9 f w>1 say+ t ! subject "u discussion 0 n suffici5tly important to beg9 a w> =1 especially betwe5 two relat$ ,anglo-,saxon nations1 speak+ ! same language1 :o ought n to w> among !mselves1 b ought calmly to gov]n o!rs2 or because all k9ds ( bi%ops1 ar*deacons1 canons pray$ & prea*$ conc]n+ ! matt] 9 all ! *ur*es2 or because nei!r side consid]$ itself suffici5tly prep>$1--x happ5$ t !re 0 no w> j !n4 ,& p calm$ d[n4 ,b a p]son has to h too little p]spicacity n to see t ! causes :i* n[ are lead+ to a conflict betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica h rema9$ ! same1 & t1 if ev5 ! pres5t conflict %all be settl$ )\t a w>1 !re w inevitably to-morr[ or ! day aft] appe> o!r conflicts1 betwe5 ,engl& & ,russia1 betwe5 ,engl& & ,turkey1 9 all possible p]mutations1 z !y arise e day1 & "o ( ^! w lead to w>4 ,if two arm$ m5 live side by side1 hav+ be5 impress$ f *ildhood ) ! idea t p[]1 weal?1 & glory are ! highe/ virtues1 & t1 !re=e1 to acquire p[]1 weal?1 & glory by means ( arms1 to ! detrim5t ( o!r neighb\r+ possessors1 is a v praisewor?y matt]1 & if at ! same "t !re is no moral1 religi\s1 or political re/ra9t = ^! m51 is x n evid5t t su* p w always fight1 t ! normal relation betwe5 !m w be w>8 & t1 if su* p1 hav+ clut*$ "o ano!r1 h sep>at$ = a:ile1 !y h done s only1 z ! ,fr5* prov]b says1 p\r mieux saut]1 t is1 !y h sep>at$ to take a bett] run1 to ?r[ !mselves ) great] fury ^u "o ano!r8 ,/range is ! egotism ( private individuals1 b ! egoti/s ( private life are n arm$1 d n consid] x "r ei!r to prep>e or use arms aga9/ _! adv]s>ies2 ! egotism ( private individuals is "u ! control ( ! political p[] & ( public op9ion4 ,a private p]son :o ) gun 9 8 h& takes away 8 neighb\r's c[1 or a desyatna ( 8 crop1 w imm$iately be seiz$ by a policeman & put into prison4 ,besides1 su* a man w be condemn$ by public op9ion1--he w be call$ a ?ief & robb]4 ,x is q diff]5t ) ! /ates3 !y are all arm$1--!re is no p[] ov] !m1 except ! comical attempts at cat*+ a bird by p\r+ "s salt on its tail1--attempts at e/abli%+ int]national congresses1 :i*1 app>5tly1 w nev] be accept$ by ! p[]ful /ates 7:o are arm$ = ! v purpose t !y may n pay any att5tion to any "o71 &1 above all1 public op9ion1 :i* rebukes e act ( viol5ce 9 a private individual1 extols1 raises to ! virtue ( patriotism e appropriation ( :at belong to o!rs1 = ! increase ( ! p[] ( ! c\ntry4 ,op5 ! newspap]s = any p]iod y may wi%1 & at any mom5t y w see ! black spot1--! cause ( e possible w>3 n[ x is ,korea1 n[ ! ,pamir1 n[ ! l&s 9 ,africa1 n[ ,abyss9ia1 n[ ,turkey1 n[ ,v5ezuela1 n[ ! ,transvaal4 ,! "w ( ! robb]s does n /op = a mom5t1 & "h & !re a small w>1 l an ex*ange ( %ots 9 ! cordon1 is go+ on all ! "t1 & ! real w> c & w beg9 at any mom5t4 ,if an ,am]ican wi%es ! pref]5tial gr&eur & well-be+ ( ,am]ica above all o!r nations1 & ! same is desir$ = 8 /ate by an ,engli%man1 & a ,russian1 & a ,turk1 & a ,dut*man1 & an ,abyss9ian1 & a citiz5 ( ,v5ezuela & ( ! ,transvaal1 & an ,arm5ian1 & a ,pole1 & a ,bohemian1 & all ( !m are conv9c$ t ^! desires ne$ n only n be conceal$ or repress$1 b %\ld be a matt] ( pride & be develop$ 9 !mselves & 9 o!rs2 & if ! greatness & well-be+ ( "o c\ntry or nation _c be obta9$ except to ! detrim5t ( ano!r nation1 frequ5tly ( _m c\ntries & nations1--h[ c w> be avoid$8 ,& s1 n to h any w>1 x is n necess>y to prea* & pray to ,god ab\t peace1 to p]suade ! ,engli%-speak+ nations t !y ought to be fri5dly t[>d "o ano!r1 9 ord] to be able to rule ov] o!r nations2 to =m d\ble & triple alliances aga9/ "o ano!r2 to m>ry pr9ces to pr9cesses ( o!r nations1--b to de/roy :at produces w>4 ,b :at produces w> is ! desire = an exclusive good = "o's own nation1--:at is call$ patriotism4 ,& s to aboli% w>1 x is necess>y to aboli% patriotism1 & to aboli% patriotism1 x is necess>y fir/ to become conv9c$ t x is an evil1 & t x is h>d to d4 ,tell p t w> is bad1 & !y w laugh at y3 :o does n "k t8 ,tell !m t patriotism is bad1 & ! majority ( p w agree ) y1 b ) a small proviso4 ,yes1 bad patriotism is bad1 b !re is also ano!r patriotism1 ! "o we adh]e to4 ,b :]e9 ?is good patriotism consi/s no "o c expla94 ,if good patriotism consi/s 9 n be+ acquisitive1 z _m say1 x is none ! less ret5tive2 t is1 m5 want to reta9 :at 0 =m]ly acquir$1 s9ce !re is no c\ntry :i* 0 n bas$ on conque/1 & x is impossible to reta9 :at is conqu]$ by any o!r means ?an ^? by :i* x 0 acquir$1 t is1 by viol5ce & murd]4 ,b ev5 if patriotism is n ret5tive1 x is re/orative1--! patriotism ( ! vanqui%$ & oppress$ nations1 ! ,arm5ians1 ,poles1 ,bohemians1 ,iri%1 & s =?4 ,?is patriotism is almo/ ! v wor/1 because x is ! mo/ enrag$ & dem&s ! greate/ degree ( viol5ce4 ,patriotism _c be good4 ,:y d n p say t egotism c be good1 ?\gh ?is may be ass]t$ m easily1 because egotism is a natural s5tim5t1 ) :i* a man is born1 :ile patriotism is an unnatural s5tim5t1 :i* is artificially inoculat$ 9 him8 ,x w be said3 ,patriotism has unit$ m5 9 /ates & keeps up ! unity ( ! /ates4 ,b ! m5 are already unit$ 9 /ates1--! "w is all done3 :y %\ld m5 n[ ma9ta9 an exclusive loyalty = _! /ate1 :5 ?is loyalty produces calamities = all /ates & nations8 ,! same patriotism :i* produc$ ! unification ( m5 into /ates is n[ de/roy+ ^? /ates4 ,if !re 7 b "o patriotism1--! patriotism ( none b ! ,engli%1--x might be reg>d$ z unificatory or b5efic5t1 b :51 z n[1 !re are ,am]ican1 ,engli%1 ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 ,russian patriotisms1 all ( !m oppos$ to "o ano!r1 patriotism no long] unites1 b disunites4 ,to say t1 if patriotism 0 b5efic5t1 by unit+ m5 into /ates1 z 0 ! case dur+ its highe/ developm5t 9 ,greece & ,rome1 patriotism ev5 n[1 aft] eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ( ,*ri/ian life1 is j z b5efic5t1 is ! same z say+ t1 s9ce ! pl\gh+ 0 useful & b5efic5t = ! field be=e ! s[+1 x w be z useful n[1 aft] ! crop has gr[n up4 ,x w\ld be v well to reta9 patriotism 9 memory ( ! use :i* x once _h1 z p pres]ve & reta9 ! anci5t monum5ts ( temples1 mausoleums1 & s =?4 ,b ! temples & mausoleums /&1 )\t caus+ any h>m to m51 :ile patriotism produces )\t cessation innum]able calamities4 ,:at n[ causes ! ,arm5ians & ! ,turks to suff] & cut ea* o!r's ?roats & act l wild bea/s8 ,:y d ,engl& & ,russia1 ea* ( !m conc]n$ ab\t h] %>e ( ! inh]itance f ,turkey1 lie 9 wait & d n put a /op to ! ,arm5ian atrocities8 ,:y d ! ,abyss9ians & ,italians fight "o ano!r8 ,:y did a t]rible w> come v ne> break+ out on acc\nt ( ,v5ezuela1 & n[ on acc\nt ( ! ,transvaal8 ,& ! ,*9o-,japanese ,w>1 & ! ,turki%1 & ! ,g]man1 & ! ,fr5* w>s8 ,& ! rage ( ! subdu$ nations1 ! ,arm5ians1 ! ,poles1 ! ,iri%8 ,& ! prep>ation = w> by all ! nations8 ,all t is ! fruits ( patriotism4 ,seas ( blood h be5 %$ = ! sake ( ?is s5tim5t1 & m blood w be %$ = its sake1 if m5 d n free !mselves f ?is outliv$ bit ( antiquity4 ,i h sev]al times _h occasion to write ab\t patriotism1 ab\t its absolute incompatibility1 n only ) ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ 9 its ideal s5se1 b ev5 ) ! l[e/ dem&s ( ! morality ( ,*ri/ian society1 & e "t my argum5ts h be5 met ) sil5ce or ) ! sup]cili\s h9t t ! ideas express$ by me 7 ,utopian expressions ( my/icism1 an>*ism1 & cosmopolitanism4 ,my ideas h frequ5tly be5 repeat$ 9 a compress$ =m1 &1 in/ead ( retort+ to !m1 x 0 add$ t x 0 no?+ b cosmopolitanism1 z ?\gh ?is ^w cosmopolitanism unansw]ably ov]?rew all my argum5ts4 ,s]i\s1 old1 clev]1 good m51 :o1 above all else1 /& l ! city on a hill1 & :o involunt>ily guide ! masses by _! example1 make x appe> t ! legality & b5efic5ce ( patriotism are s obvi\s & inconte/able t x is n wor? :ile to answ] ! frivol\s & s5seless attacks ^u ?is s5tim5t1 & ! majority ( m51 :o h s9ce *ildhood be5 deceiv$ & infect$ by patriotism1 take ?is sup]cili\s sil5ce to be a mo/ conv9c+ pro(1 & cont9ue to /ick fa/ 9 _! ignorance4 ,& s ^? p :o f _! position c free ! masses f _! calamities1 & d n d s1 commit a great s94 ,! mo/ t]rible ?+ 9 ! _w is hypocrisy4 ,!re 0 good reason :y ,*ri/ once got angry1--t 0 aga9/ ! hypocrisy ( ! ,ph>isees4 ,b :at 0 ! hypocrisy ( ! ,ph>isees 9 comp>ison ) ! hypocrisy ( our "t8 ,9 comp>ison ) our m51 ! ,ph>isees 7 ! mo/ tru?ful ( m51 & _! art ( hypocrisy 0 z *ild's play 9 comp>ison ) ! hypocrisy ( our "t2 nor c x be o!rwise4 ,our :ole life1 ) ! pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! tea*+ ( humility & love1 9 connection ) ! life ( an arm$ d5 ( robb]s1 c be no?+ b "o solid1 t]rible hypocrisy4 ,x is v conv5i5t to pr(ess a tea*+ at "o end ( :i* is ,*ri/ian sanctity & infallibility1 & at ! o!r--! pagan sword & gall[s1 s t1 :5 x is possible to impose or deceive by means ( sanctity1 sanctity is put into effect1 & :5 ! deception does n "w1 ! sword & ! gall[s are put into effect4 ,su* a tea*+ is v conv5i5t1 b ! "t comes :5 ?is spid]-web ( lie is disp]s$1 & x is no long] possible to cont9ue to keep bo?1 & x is necess>y to ally oneself ) ei!r "o or ! o!r4 ,x is ?is :i* is n[ gett+ to be ! case 9 relation to ! tea*+ ab\t patriotism4 ,:e!r p want x or n1 ! "q /&s cle>ly be=e humanity3 h[ c t patriotism1 f :i* result innum]able physical & moral calamities ( m51 be necess>y & a virtue8 ,x is indisp5sable to give an answ] to ?is "q4 ,x is necess>y ei!r to %[ t patriotism is su* a great good t x r$eems all ^? t]rible calamities :i* x produces 9 humanity2 or to recognize t patriotism is an evil1 :i* mu/ n only n be inoculat$ 9 m5 & impress$ ^u !m1 b f :i* also we mu/ try to free ourselves at all co/4 ,c'e/ pr5dre ou laiss]1 z ! ,fr5* say4 ,if patriotism is good1 !n ,*ri/ianity1 :i* gives peace1 is an idle dream1 & ! soon] ?is tea*+ is eradicat$1 ! bett]4 ,b if ,*ri/ianity really gives peace1 & we really want peace1 patriotism is a survival f b>b>\s times1 :i* mu/ n only n be evok$ & educat$1 z we n[ d1 b :i* mu/ be eradicat$ by all means1 by means ( prea*+1 p]suasion1 contempt1 & ridicule4 ,if ,*ri/ianity is ! tru?1 & we wi% to live 9 peace1 we mu/ n only h no sympa?y = ! p[] ( our c\ntry1 b mu/ ev5 rejoice 9 its weak5+1 & contribute to x4 ,a ,russian mu/ rejoice :5 ,pol&1 ! ,baltic prov9ces1 ,f9l&1 ,arm5ia1 are sep>at$ f ,russia & made free2 & an ,engli%man mu/ simil>ly rejoice 9 relation to ,irel&1 ,au/ralia1 ,india1 & ! o!r colonies1 & cop]ate 9 x1 because1 ! great] ! c\ntry1 ! m evil & cruel is its patriotism1 & ! great] is ! am\nt ( ! suff]+ on :i* its p[] is bas$4 ,& s1 if we actually want to be :at we pr(ess1 we mu/ n1 z we d n[1 wi% = ! increase ( our c\ntry1 b wi% = its dim9ution & weak5+1 & contribute to x ) all our means4 ,& ?us mu/ we educate ! y\ng] g5]ations3 we mu/ br+ up ! y\ng] g5]ations 9 su* a way t1 z x is n[ disgraceful = a "y man to manife/ 8 co>se egotism1 = example1 by eat+ ev]y?+ up1 )\t leav+ any?+ = o!rs1 to pu% a weak] p]son d[n f ! road1 9 ord] to pass by himself1 to take away by =ce :at ano!r ne$s1 x %\ld be j z disgraceful to wi% = ! increase ( 8 c\ntry's p[]2 &1 z x n[ is consid]$ /upid & ridicul\s = a p]son to praise himself1 x %\ld be consid]$ /upid to extol "o's nation1 z is n[ done 9 v>i\s ly+ patriotic hi/ories1 pictures1 monum5ts1 text-books1 articles1 s]mons1 & /upid national hymns4 ,b x mu/ be und]/ood t s long z we are go+ to extol patriotism & educate ! y\ng] g5]ations 9 x1 we %all h armam5ts1 :i* ru9 ! physical & spiritual life ( ! nations1 & w>s1 t]rible1 horrible w>s1 l ^? = :i* we are prep>+ ourselves1 & into ! circle ( :i* we are introduc+1 corrupt+ !m ) our patriotism1 ! new1 t]rible fight]s ( ! di/ant ,ea/4 ,emp]or ,william1 "o ( ! mo/ comical p]sons ( our "t1 orator1 poet1 musician1 dramatic writ]1 & arti/1 &1 above all1 patriot1 has lately pa9t$ a picture repres5t+ all ! nations ( ,europe ) swords1 /&+ at ! sea%ore &1 at ! indication ( ,ar*angel ,mi*ael1 look+ at ! sitt+ figures ( ,buddha & ,confucius 9 ! di/ance4 ,accord+ to ,william's int5tion1 ?is %\ld mean t ! nations ( ,europe ought to unite 9 ord] to def5d !mselves aga9/ ! p]il :i* is proce$+ f !re4 ,he is q "r f 8 co>se1 pagan1 patriotic po9t ( view1 :i* is eighte5 hundr$ ye>s beh9d ! times4 ,! ,european nations1 =gett+ ,*ri/1 h 9 ! "n ( _! patriotism m & m irritat$ ^! peaceful nations1 & h taught !m patriotism & w>1 & h n[ irritat$ !m s mu* t1 inde$1 if ,japan & ,*9a w z fully =get ! tea*+s ( ,buddha & ( ,confucius z we h =gott5 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 !y w soon le>n ! art ( kill+ p 7!y le>n ^! ?+s quickly1 z ,japan has prov$71 &1 be+ fe>less1 agile1 /rong1 & popul\s1 !y w inevitably v soon make ( ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 if ,europe does n inv5t some?+ /rong] ?an guns & ,edison's inv5tions1 :at ! c\ntries ( ,europe are mak+ ( ,africa4 ,! disciple is n above 8 ma/]3 b e "o t is p]fect %all be z 8 ma/] 7,luke vi4 #dj74 ,9 reply to a pr9ce's "q h[ to increase 8 army1 9 ord] to conqu] a s\!rn tribe :i* did n submit to him1 ,confucius repli$3 ,de/roy all ?y army1 & use ! money1 :i* ?\ art wa/+ n[ on ! army1 on ! enlight5m5t ( ?y p & on ! improvem5t ( agriculture1 & ! s\!rn tribe w drive away its pr9ce & w submit to ?y rule )\t w>4 ,?us taught ,confucius1 :om we are advis$ to fe>4 ,b we1 hav+ =gott5 ,*ri/'s tea*+1 hav+ r5\nc$ x1 wi% to vanqui% ! nations by =ce1 & ?us are only prep>+ = ourselves new & /rong] enemies ?an our neighb\rs4 ,a fri5d ( m9e1 :o saw ,william's picture1 said3 ,! picture is beautiful1 only x does n at all repres5t :at ! leg5d says4 ,x means t ,ar*angel ,mi*ael %[s to all ! gov]nm5ts ( ,europe1 :i* are repres5t$ z robb]s b$eck$ ) arms1 :at x is t w cause _! ru9 & annihilation1 namely1 ! meekness ( ,buddha & ! wisdom ( ,confucius4 ,he might h add$1 ,& ! humility ( ,lao-tse4 ,inde$1 we1 ?anks to our hypocrisy1 h =gott5 ,*ri/ to su* an ext5t1 h s squeez$ out ( our life ev]y?+ ,*ri/ian1 t ! tea*+s ( ,buddha & ,confucius /& incomp>ably high] ?an t bea/ly patriotism1 by :i* our s-call$ ,*ri/ian nations are guid$4 ,& s ! salvation ( ,europe & ( ! ,*ri/ian _w at l>ge does n consi/ 9 ?is1 t1 b$eck+ !mselves ) swords1 z ,william has repres5t$ !m1 !y %\ld1 l robb]s1 ca/ !mselves ^u _! bro!rs beyond ! sea1 9 ord] to kill !m1 b1 on ! contr>y1 !y %\ld r5\nce ! survival ( b>b>\s times1--patriotism1--&1 hav+ r5\nc$ x1 %\ld take (f _! arms & %[ ! ,ea/]n nations1 n an example ( savage patriotism & bea/l9ess1 b an example ( bro!rly love1 :i* ,*ri/ has taught u4 ,mosc[1 ,janu>y #b1 #ahif4 ,,lett] ,,to ,,erne/ ,,h[>d ,,crosby ,on ,non-,resi/ance #ahif ,,lett] ,,to ,,erne/ ,,h[>d ,,crosby ,on ,non-,resi/ance ,,my ,,de> ,,crosby3--,i am v glad to he> ( y\r activity & t x is beg9n+ to attract att5tion4 ,fifty ye>s ago ,g>rison's proclamation ( non-resi/ance only cool$ p t[>d him1 & ! :ole fifty ye>s' activity ( ,ball\ 9 ?is direction 0 met ) /ubborn sil5ce4 ,i read ) great pleasure 9 ,peace ! beautiful ideas ( ! ,am]ican au?ors 9 reg>d to non-resi/ance4 ,i make an exception only 9 ! case ( ,mr4 ,bemis's old1 unf\nd$ op9ion1 :i* calumniates ,*ri/ 9 assum+ t ,*ri/'s expulsion ( ! cattle f ! temple means t he /ruck ! m5 ) a :ip1 & comm&$ 8 disciples to d likewise4 ,! ideas express$ by ^! writ]s1 especially by ,h4 ,newton & ,g4 ,h]ron1 are beautiful1 b x is to be regrett$ t !y d n answ] ! "q :i* ,*ri/ put be=e m51 b answ] ! "q :i* ! s-call$ or?odox tea*]s ( ! *ur*es1 ! *ief & mo/ dang]\s enemies ( ,*ri/ianity1 h put 9 its place4 ,mr4 ,higg9son says t ! law ( non-resi/ance is n admissible z a g5]al rule4 ,h4 ,newton says t ! practical results ( ! application ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ w dep5d on ! degree ( fai? :i* m5 w h 9 ?is tea*+4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,m>tyn assumes t ! /age at :i* we are is n yet suit$ = ! application ( ! tea*+ ab\t non-resi/ance4 ,g4 ,h]ron says t 9 ord] to fulfil ! law ( non-resi/ance1 x is necess>y to le>n to apply x to life4 ,mrs4 ,liv]more says ! same1 ?9k+ t ! fulfilm5t ( ! law ( non-resi/ance is possible only 9 ! future4 ,all ^! op9ions treat only ! "q z to :at w\ld happ5 to p if all 7 put to ! necessity ( fulfill+ ! law ( non-resi/ance2 b1 9 ! fir/ place1 x is q impossible to compel all m5 to accept ! law ( non-resi/ance1 &1 9 ! second1 if ?is 7 possible1 x w\ld be a mo/ gl>+ negation ( ! v pr9ciple :i* is be+ e/abli%$4 ,to compel all m5 n to practise viol5ce aga9/ o!rs6 ,:o is go+ to compel m58 ,9 ! ?ird place1 & above all else1 ! "q1 z put by ,*ri/1 does n consi/ 9 ?is1 :e!r non-resi/ance may become a univ]sal law = all humanity1 b :at ea* man mu/ d 9 ord] to fulfil 8 de/9y1 to save 8 s\l1 & d ,god's "w1 :i* r$uces itself to ! same4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ does n prescribe any laws = all m52 x does n say1 ,foll[ su* & su* rules "u fe> ( puni%m5t1 & y w all be happy1 b expla9s to ea* sep>ate man 8 position 9 ! _w & %[s him :at = him p]sonally results f ?is position4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ says to ea* individual man t 8 life1 if he recognizes 8 life to be 81 & its aim1 ! worldly good ( 8 p]sonality or ( ! p]sonalities ( o!r m51 c h no rational mean+1 because ?is good1 posit$ z ! end ( life1 c nev] be atta9$1 because1 9 ! fir/ place1 all be+s /rive aft] ! goods ( ! worldly life1 & ^! goods are always atta9$ by "o set ( be+s to ! detrim5t ( o!rs1 s t e sep>ate man _c receive ! desir$ good1 b1 9 all probability1 mu/ ev5 endure _m unnecess>y suff]+s 9 8 /ruggle = ^! unatta9$ goods2 9 ! second place1 because if a man ev5 atta9s ! worldly goods1 ^!1 ! m ( !m he atta9s1 satisfy him less & less1 & he wi%es = m & m new ones2 9 ! ?ird place1 ma9ly because ! long] a man lives1 ! m inevitably d old age1 diseases1 & f9ally dea?1 :i* de/roys ! possibility ( any worldly good1 come to him4 ,?us1 if a man consid]s 8 life to be 81 & its end to be ! worldly good1 = himself or = o!r m51 ?is life c h = him no rational mean+4 ,life receives a rational mean+ only :5 a man und]/&s t ! recognition ( 8 life z 8 own1 & ! good ( p]sonality1 ( 8 own or ( t ( o!rs1 z its end1 is an error1 & t ! human life does n belong to him1 :o has receiv$ ?is life f "s "o1 b to ,him :o produc$ ?is life1 & s its end mu/ n consi/ 9 ! atta9m5t ( 8 own good or ( ! good ( o!rs1 b only 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ! w ( ,him :o produc$ x4 ,only ) su* a compreh5sion ( life does x receive a rational mean+1 & its end1 :i* consi/s 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's w1 become atta9able1 &1 above all1 only ) su* a compreh5sion does man's activity become cle>ly def9$1 & he no long] is subject to despair & suff]+1 :i* 7 inevitable ) 8 =m] compreh5sion4 ,! _w & ,i 9 x1 su* a man says to himself1 exi/ by ! w ( ,god4 ,i _c "k ! :ole _w & my relation to x1 b ,i c "k :at is want$ ( me by ,god1 :o s5t m5 into ?is _w1 endless 9 "t & space1 & !re=e inaccessible to my und]/&+1 because ?is is reveal$ to me 9 ! tradition1 t is1 9 ! aggregate reason ( ! be/ p 9 ! _w1 :o liv$ be=e me1 & 9 my reason1 & 9 my he>t1 t is1 9 ! /riv+ ( my :ole be+4 ,9 ! tradition1 ! aggregate ( ! wisdom ( all ! be/ m51 :o liv$ be=e me1 ,i am told t ,i mu/ act t[>d o!rs z ,i wi% t o!rs %\ld act t[>d me2 my reason tells me t ! greate/ good ( m5 is possible only :5 all m5 w act likewise4 ,my he>t is at peace & joyful only :5 ,i ab&on myself to ! feel+ ( love = m51 :i* dem&s ! same4 ,& !n ,i c n only "k :at ,i mu/ d1 b also ! cause = :i* my activity is necess>y & def9$4 ,i _c grasp ! :ole div9e "w1 = :i* ! _w exi/s & lives1 b ! div9e "w :i* is be+ accompli%$ 9 ?is _w & 9 :i* ,i am tak+ "p ) my life is accessible to me4 ,?is "w is ! de/ruction ( ! discord & ( ! /ruggle among m5 & o!r be+s1 & ! e/abli%m5t among m5 ( ! greate/ union1 concord1 & love2 ?is "w is ! realization ( :at ! ,jewi% prophets promis$1 say+ t ! "t w come :5 all m5 %all be taught ! tru?1 :5 ! spe>s %all be =g$ into prun+-hooks1 & ! scy!s & swords into pl\gh%>es1 & :5 ! lion %all lie ) ! lamb4 ,?us ! man ( ! ,*ri/ian compreh5sion ( life n only kn[s h[ he mu/ act 9 life1 b also :at he mu/ d4 ,he mu/ d :at contributes to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god 9 ! _w4 ,to d ?is1 a man mu/ fulfil ! inn] dem&s ( ,god's w1 t is1 he mu/ act amicably t[>d o!rs1 z he w\ld l o!rs to d to him4 ,?us ! inn] dem&s ( a man's s\l co9cide ) t ext]nal end ( life :i* is plac$ be=e him4 ,& "h ?\gh we h an indication :i* is s cle> to a man ( ! ,*ri/ian compreh5sion1 & inconte/able f two sides1 z to :at ! mean+ & end ( human life consi/s 91 & h[ a man mu/ act1 & :at he mu/ d1 & :at n1 !re appe> c]ta9 p1 :o call !mselves ,*ri/ians1 :o decide t 9 su* & su* cases a man mu/ dep>t f ,god's law & ! common cause ( life1 :i* are giv5 to him1 & mu/ act contr>y to ! law & ! common cause ( life1 because1 accord+ to _! ratioc9ation1 ! consequ5ces ( ! acts committ$ accord+ to ,god's law may be pr(itless & disadvantage\s = m54 ,man1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 is ,god's workman4 ,! workman does n "k 8 ma/]'s :ole bus9ess1 b ! ne>e/ aim to be atta9$ by 8 "w is reveal$ to him1 & he is giv5 def9ite indications z to :at he %\ld d2 especially def9ite are ! indications z to :at he mu/ n d1 9 ord] t he may n "w aga9/ ! aim = ! atta9m5t ( :i* he 0 s5t to "w4 ,9 ev]y?+ else he is giv5 complete lib]ty4 ,& s = a man :o has grasp$ ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life ! mean+ ( 8 life is cle> & rational1 & he _c h a mom5t ( wav]+ z to h[ he %\ld act 9 life & :at he ought to d1 9 ord] to fulfil ! de/9y ( 8 life4 ,accord+ to ! law giv5 him 9 ! tradition1 9 8 reason1 & 9 8 he>t1 a man mu/ always act t[>d ano!r z he wi%es to h done to him3 he mu/ contribute to ! e/abli%m5t ( love & union among m52 b accord+ to ! decision ( ^! f>-sight$ p1 a man mu/1 :ile ! fulfilm5t ( ! law1 accord+ to _! op9ion1 is /ill premature1 d viol5ce1 deprive ( lib]ty1 kill p1 & ) ?is contribute1 n to union ( love1 b to ! irritation & enragem5t ( p4 ,x is z ?\gh a mason1 :o is put to d c]ta9 def9ite "w1 :o kn[s t he is tak+ "p ) o!rs 9 ! build+ ( a h\se1 & :o has receiv$ a cle> & indubitable comm& f ! ma/] himself t he is to lay a wall1 %\ld receive ! comm& f o!r masons l him1 :o1 l him1 d n "k ! g5]al plan ( ! /ructure & :at is useful = ! common "w1 to /op lay+ ! wall1 & to undo ! "w ( ! o!rs4 ,wond]ful delusion6 ,! be+ t brea!s to-day & disappe>s to-morr[1 t has "o def9ite1 inconte/able law giv5 to him1 z to h[ he is to pass 8 %ort t]m ( life1 imag9es t he kn[s :at is necess>y & useful & appropriate = all m51 = ! :ole _w1 = t _w :i* moves )\t cessation1 & goes on develop+1 & 9 ! "n ( ?is usefulness1 :i* is diff]5tly und]/ood by ea* ( !m1 he prescribes to himself & to o!rs = a "t to dep>t f ! unque/ionable law1 :i* is giv5 to him & to all m51 & n to act t[>d all m5 z he wants o!rs to act t[>d him1 n to br+ love into ! _w1 b to practise viol5ce1 to deprive ( fre$om1 to puni%1 to kill1 to introduce malice into ! _w1 :5 x is f\nd t ?is is necess>y4 ,& he enjo9s u to d s kn[+ t ! mo/ t]rible cruelties1 tortures1 murd]s ( m51 f ! ,inquisitions & puni%m5ts & t]rors ( all ! revolutions to ! pres5t be/ialities ( ! an>*i/s & ! massacres ( !m1 h all proce$$ f ?is1 t m5 suppose t !y "k :at p & ! _w ne$2 kn[+ t at any giv5 mom5t !re are always two opposite p>ties1 ea* ( :i* ass]ts t x is necess>y to use viol5ce aga9/ ! opposite p>ty1--! m5 ( /ate aga9/ ! an>*i/s1 ! an>*i/s aga9/ ! m5 ( /ate2 ! ,engli% aga9/ ! ,am]icans1 ! ,am]icans aga9/ ! ,engli%2 ! ,engli% aga9/ ! ,g]mans2 & s =?1 9 all possible comb9ations & p]mutations4 ,n only does a man ( ! ,*ri/ian concept ( life see cle>ly by reflection t !re is no gr\nd :atev] = 8 dep>ture f ! law ( 8 life1 z cle>ly indicat$ to him by ,god1 9 ord] to foll[ ! accid5tal1 frail1 frequ5tly contradictory dem&s ( m52 b if he has be5 liv+ ! ,*ri/ian life = "s "t1 & has develop$ 9 himself ! ,*ri/ian moral s5sitiv5ess1 he c positively n act z p dem& t he %all1 n only z ! result ( reflection1 b also ( feel+4 ,z x is = _m m5 ( our _w impossible to subject a *ild to torture & to kill x1 ?\gh su* a torture may save a hundr$ o!r p1 s a :ole s]ies ( acts becomes impossible = a man :o has develop$ ! ,*ri/ian s5sitiv5ess ( 8 he>t 9 himself4 ,a ,*ri/ian1 = example1 :o is compell$ to take "p 9 c\rt proce$+s1 :]e a man may be s5t5c$ to capital puni%m5t1 to take "p 9 matt]s ( =cible seizure ( o!r p's prop]ty1 9 discussions ab\t ! decl>ation ( w>1 or 9 prep>ations = ! same1 to say no?+ ( w> itself1 f9ds himself 9 ! same position 9 :i* a good man w\ld be1 if he 7 compell$ to torture or kill a *ild4 ,x is n t he decides by reflection :at he ought n to d1 b t he _c d :at is dem&$ ( him1 because = a man !re exi/s ! moral impossibility1 j z !re is a physical impossibility1 ( committ+ c]ta9 acts4 ,j z x is impossible = a man to lift up a m\nta91 z x is impossible = a good man to kill a *ild1 s x is impossible = a man :o lives a ,*ri/ian life to take "p 9 viol5ce4 ,( :at significance = su* a man c be ! reflections t = "s imag9>y good he mu/ d :at has become morally impossible = him8 ,h[1 !n1 is a man to act :5 he sees ! obvi\s h>m ( foll[+ ! law ( love & ! law ( non-resi/ance1 :i* results f x8 ,h[ is a man to act--?is example is always adduc$--:5 a robb] 9 8 sight kills or injures a *ild1 & :5 ! *ild _c be sav$ o!rwise ?an by kill+ ! robb]8 ,x is g5]ally assum$ t1 :5 !y adduce su* an example1 !re c be no o!r answ] to ! "q ?an t ! robb] ought to be kill$1 9 ord] t ! *ild be sav$4 ,b ?is answ] is giv5 s emphatically & s quickly only because we are n only 9 ! habit ( act+ 9 ?is mann] 9 ! case ( ! def5ce ( a *ild1 b also 9 ! case ( ! expansion ( ! bord]s ( a neighb\r+ /ate to ! detrim5t ( our own1 or 9 ! case ( ! transportation ( lace across ! bord]1 or ev5 9 ! case ( ! def5ce ( ! fruits ( our g>d5 aga9/ depr$ations by pass]s-by4 ,x is assum$ t x is necess>y to kill ! robb] 9 ord] to save ! *ild1 b we ne$ only /op & ?9k on :at gr\nd a man %\ld act ?us1 be he a ,*ri/ian or a non-,*ri/ian1 to conv9ce ourselves t su* an act c h no rational f\ndations1 & is consid]$ necess>y only because two ?\s& ye>s ago su* a mode ( action 0 consid]$ j & p 7 9 ! habit ( act+ ?us4 ,:y %\ld a non-,*ri/ian1 :o does n recognize ,god & ! mean+ ( life 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ,8 w1 kill ! robb]1 9 def5d+ ! *ild8 ,to say no?+ ( ?is1 t 9 kill+ ! robb] he is c]ta9ly kill+1 b does n "k = c]ta9 until ! v la/ mom5t :e!r ! robb] w kill ! *ild or n1 to say no?+ ( ?is irregul>ity3 :o has decid$ t ! life ( ! *ild is m necess>y & bett] ?an ! life ( ! robb]8 ,if a non-,*ri/ian does n recognize ,god1 & does n consid] ! mean+ ( life to consi/ 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's w1 x is only calculation1 t is1 ! consid]ation z to :at is m pr(itable = him & = all m51 ! cont9uation ( ! robb]'s life or t ( ! *ild1 :i* guides ! *oice ( 8 acts4 ,b to decide ?is1 he mu/ "k :at w become ( ! *ild :i* he saves1 & :at w\ld become ( ! robb] if he did n kill him4 ,b t he _c "k4 ,& s1 if he is a non-,*ri/ian1 he has no rational f\ndation = sav+ ! *ild ?r\gh ! dea? ( ! robb]4 ,b if a man is a ,*ri/ian1 & s recognizes ,god & sees ! mean+ ( life 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ,8 w1 no matt] :at t]rible robb] may attack any innoc5t & beautiful *ild1 he has /ill less cause to dep>t f ! law giv5 him by ,god & to d to ! robb] :at ! robb] wants to d to ! *ild2 he may implore ! robb]1 may place 8 body betwe5 ! robb] & 8 victim1 b !re is "o ?+ he _c d1--he _c consci\sly dep>t f ! law ( ,god1 ! fulfilm5t ( :i* =ms ! mean+ ( 8 life4 ,x is v likely t1 z ! result ( 8 bad br++ up & ( 8 animality1 a man1 be+ a pagan or a ,*ri/ian1 w kill ! robb]1 n only 9 ! def5ce ( ! *ild1 b also 9 8 own def5ce or 9 ! def5ce ( 8 purse1 b t w by no means signify t x is "r to d s1 t x is "r to accu/om ourselves & o!rs to ?9k t t ought to be done4 ,?is w only mean t1 9 spite ( ! ext]nal education & ,*ri/ianity1 ! habits ( ! /one age are /ill /rong 9 man1 t he is capable ( committ+ acts :i* h long ago be5 disav[$ by 8 consci\sness4 ,a robb] 9 my sight is ab\t to kill a *ild & ,i c save x by kill+ ! robb]2 consequ5tly x is necess>y "u c]ta9 conditions to resi/ evil ) viol5ce4 ,a man is 9 dang] ( 8 life & c be sav$ only ?r\gh my lie2 consequ5tly x is necess>y 9 c]ta9 cases to lie4 ,a man is />v+1 & ,i _c save him o!rwise ?an by /eal+2 consequ5tly x is necess>y 9 c]ta9 cases to /eal4 ,i lately read a /ory by ,coppe1 9 :i* an ord]ly kills 8 (fic]1 :o has 8 life insur$1 & ?us saves 8 hon\r & ! life ( 8 family4 ,consequ5tly 9 c]ta9 cases x is "r to kill4 ,su* imag9>y cases & ! conclusions drawn f !m prove only ?is1 t !re are m5 :o "k t x is n "r to /eal1 to lie1 to kill1 b :o are s loa? to /op do+ ?is t !y use all ! ef=ts ( _! m9d 9 ord] to ju/ify _! acts4 ,!re does n exi/ a moral rule = :i* x w\ld be impossible to inv5t a situation :5 x w\ld be h>d to decide :i* is m moral1 ! dep>ture f ! rule or its fulfilm5t4 ,! same is true ( ! "q ( non-resi/ance to evil3 m5 "k t x is bad1 b !y are s anxi\s to live by viol5ce1 t !y use all ! ef=ts ( _! m9d1 n = ! elucidation ( all ! evil :i* is produc$ by man's recognition ( ! "r to d viol5ce to o!rs1 b = ! def5ce ( ?is "r4 ,b su* inv5t$ cases 9 no way prove t ! rules ab\t n ly+1 /eal+1 kill+ are incorrect4 ,fais ce que doit1 advi5ne que p\rra1--d :at is "r1 & let come :at may1--is an expression ( pr(\nd wisdom4 ,ea* ( u kn[s unque/ionably :at he ought to d1 b none ( u kn[s or c "k :at w happ54 ,?us we are br\ght to ! same1 n only by ?is1 t we mu/ d :at is "r1 b also by ?is1 t we "k :at is "r1 & d n "k at all :at w come & result f our acts4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*+ is a tea*+ z to :at a man mu/ d = ! fulfilm5t ( ! w ( ,him :o s5t him into ! _w4 ,b ! reflections z to :at consequ5ces we assume to result f su* or su* acts ( m5 n only h no?+ 9 common ) ,*ri/ianity1 b are t v delusion :i* de/roys ,*ri/ianity4 ,no "o has yet se5 ! imag9>y robb] ) ! imag9>y *ild1 & all ! horrors1 :i* fill hi/ory & contempor>y ev5ts1 h be5 produc$ only because m5 imag9e t !y c "k ! consequ5ces ( ! possible acts4 ,h[ is ?is8 ,m5 us$ to live a bea/ly life1 violat+ & kill+ all ^? :om x 0 advantage\s = !m to violate & kill1 & ev5 eat+ "o ano!r1 ?9k+ t t 0 "r4 ,!n !re came a "t1 :51 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 ev5 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 !re appe>$ ! consci\sness 9 m5 t x 0 bad to violate & kill "o ano!r4 ,b !re 7 "s m5 = :om viol5ce 0 advantage\s1 & !y did n recognize ! fact1 & assur$ !mselves & o!rs t x 0 n always bad to violate & kill m51 b t !re 7 cases :5 ?is 0 necess>y1 useful1 & ev5 good4 ,& acts ( viol5ce & murd]1 ?\gh n z frequ5t & cruel1 7 cont9u$1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ^? :o committ$ !m ju/ifi$ !m on ! gr\nd ( usefulness to m54 ,x 0 ?is false ju/ification ( viol5ce t ,*ri/ arraign$4 ,he %[$ t1 s9ce e act ( viol5ce c\ld be ju/ifi$1 z actually happ5s1 :5 two enemies d viol5ce to "o ano!r & bo? consid] _! viol5ce ju/ifiable1 & !re is no *ance ( v]ify+ ! ju/ice ( ! det]m9ation ( ei!r1 x is necess>y n to believe 9 any ju/ifications ( viol5ce1 & "u no condition1 z at fir/ 0 ?\ght "r by humanity1 is x necess>y to make use ( !m4 ,x w\ld seem t m5 :o pr(ess ,*ri/ianity w\ld h c>efully to unveil ?is deception1 because 9 ! unveil+ ( ?is deception does "o ( ! *ief manife/ations ( ,*ri/ianity consi/4 ,b ! v opposite has happ5$3 m5 to :om viol5ce 0 advantage\s1 & :o did n want to give up ^! advantages1 took ^u !mselves ! exclusive propag&a ( ,*ri/ianity1 &1 prea*+ x1 ass]t$ t1 s9ce !re are cases 9 :i* ! non-application ( viol5ce produces m evil ?an its application 7! imag9>y robb] :o kills ! *ild71 we mu/ n fully accept ,*ri/'s tea*+ ab\t non-resi/ance to evil1 & t we may dep>t f ?is tea*+ 9 ! def5ce ( our lives & ( ^? ( o!r m51 9 ! def5ce ( our c\ntry1 ! protection ( society f madm5 & malefactors1 & 9 _m o!r cases4 ,b ! decision ( ! "q z to :5 ,*ri/'s tea*+ ought to be set aside 0 left to ^? v m5 :o made use ( viol5ce4 ,?us ,*ri/'s tea*+ ab\t non-resi/ance to evil turn$ out to be absolutely set aside1 &1 :at is worse ?an all t1 ^? v m5 :om ,*ri/ arraign$ began to consid] !mselves ! exclusive prea*]s & exp\nd]s ( ,8 tea*+4 ,b ! light %9e? 9 ! d>k1 & ! false prea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity are aga9 arraign$ by ,8 tea*+4 ,we c ?9k ( ! /ructure ( ! _w z we please1 we may d :at is advantage\s & agreeable = u to d1 & use viol5ce aga9/ p "u ! pretext ( do+ good to m51 b x is absolutely impossible to ass]t t1 9 do+ s1 we are pr(ess+ ,*ri/'s tea*+1 because ,*ri/ arraign$ t v deception4 ,! tru? w soon] or lat] be made manife/1 & w arraign ! deceiv]s1 ev5 z x does n[4 ,let only ! "q ( ! human life be put correctly1 z x 0 put by ,*ri/1 & n z x 0 corrupt$ by ! *ur*es1 & all ! deceptions :i* by ! *ur*es h be5 heap$ on ,*ri/'s tea*+ w fall ( _! own accord4 ,! "q is n :e!r x w be good or bad = human society to foll[ ! law ( love & ! result+ law ( non-resi/ance1 b :e!r y--a be+ t lives to-day & is dy+ by degrees to-morr[ & e mom5t--w n[1 ?is v m9ute1 fully d ! w ( ,him :o s5t y & cle>ly express$ x 9 tradition & 9 y\r reason & he>t1 or :e!r y want to act contr>y to ?is w4 ,z soon z ! "q is put 9 ?is =m1 !re w be b "o answ]3 ,i want at once1 ?is v m9ute1 )\t any delay1 )\t wait+ = any "o1 & )\t consid]+ ! seem+ consequ5ces1 ) all my /r5g? to fulfil :at alone ,i am indubitably comm&$ to d by ,him :o s5t me into ! _w1 & 9 no case1 "u no condition1 w ,i1 c ,i1 d :at is contr>y to x1 because 9 ?is lies ! only possibility ( my rational1 unwret*$ life4 ,janu>y #ab1 #ahif4 ,,introductions ,,to ,,books #ahij-id ,,introductions ,,to ,,books ,a4 ,,/ockham',s ,,tokology ,! pres5t book does n belong to ! va/ numb] ( all k9ds ( books1 f ! philosophical & ! sci5tific to ! arti/ic & practical1 :i*1 ) o!r words1 9 o!r p]mutations & comb9ations1 say & repeat ! old famili>1 sick5+ly famili>1 commonplaces4 ,?is book is "o ( ^? r>e books :i* d n treat ( :at ev]ybody talks ab\t & nobody ne$s1 b ( :at nobody talks ab\t & :at is important & necess>y = all4 ,x is important = ! p>5ts to "k h[ !y %\ld act1 9 ord] )\t unnecess>y suff]+ to br+ =? uncorrupt$ & heal?y *ildr51 & /ill m important x is = ! future *ildr5 to be born "u ! be/ ( conditions1 z1 inde$1 x says 9 "o ( ! mottoes ( ! book1 ,to be well-born is ! "r ( e *ild4 ,! book is n "o ( ^? :i* are read only t no "o may say t he has n read ?is book1 b "o ( ^? ! read+ ( :i* leaves traces1 compell+ m5 to *ange _! lives1 to m5d :at is irregul> 9 !m1 or at lea/ to ?9k ( do+ s4 ,?is book is call$ ,tokology1 ! sci5ce ( ! be>+ ( *ildr54 ,!re are all k9ds ( /range sci5ces1 b !re is no su* sci5ce1 & yet1 aft] ! sci5ce ( h[ to live & die1 ?is is ! mo/ important sci5ce4 ,?is book has _h enorm\s success 9 ,am]ica1 & has greatly influ5c$ ,am]ican mo!rs & fa!rs4 ,9 ,russia x ought to h an ev5 great] influ5ce4 ,! que/ions ab\t ab/a9+ f tobacco & all k9ds ( excit+ bev]ages1 beg9n+ ) alcohol & end+ ) tea1 ! que/ions ab\t eat+ )\t ! slaught] ( liv+ be+s1 veget>ianism1 ! que/ions ab\t sexual cont95ce 9 dome/ic life1 & _m o!rs1 :i* p>tly h be5 solv$ & p>tly are be+ work$ out1 & possess a va/ lit]ature 9 ,europe & 9 ,am]ica1 h n yet be5 t\*$ ^u by u1 & s ,mrs4 ,/ockham's book is p>ticul>ly important = u3 x at once transf]s ! read] into a new _w ( a liv+ human movem5t4 ,9 ?is book e ?9k+ woman--= ?is book is *iefly int5d$ = wom5--w f9d fir/ ( all an indication t !re is absolutely no ne$ ( cont9u+ to live z insipidly z h] =efa!rs liv$1 b t x is possible to f9d bett] pa?s ( life1 us+ = ?is purpose sci5ce1 ! exp]i5ce ( m51 & h] own free ?\ght1 &1 z ! fir/ model ( su* a use %e w f9d 9 ?is book _m preci\s c\nsels & h9ts1 :i* w make life easi] = h]self1 h] husb&1 & h] *ildr54 ,febru>y #b1 #ahij4 ,,amiel',s ,,di>y ,ab\t a ye> & a half ago ,i *anc$ = ! fir/ "t to read ,amiel's book1 ,fragm5ts d'un ,j\rnal ,intime4 ,i 0 /ruck by ! significance & pr(undity ( its cont5ts1 ! beauty ( ! exposition1 &1 above all1 ! s9c]ity ( ?is book4 ,z ,i read x1 ,i m>k$ d[n ! passages :i* m p>ticul>ly />tl$ me4 ,my daught] und]took to translate ^! passages1 & ?us 7 =m$ ! extracts f ! ,fragm5ts d'un ,j\rnal ,intime1 t is1 ! extracts f ! extracts ( ,amiel's di>y 9 sev]al volumes n yet pr9t$1 :i* he conduct$ f day to day = ! p]iod ( ?irty ye>s4 ,h5ri ,amiel 0 born 9 ,g5eva 9 #ahba & 0 e>ly left an orphan4 ,hav+ graduat$ f ! high] c\rses 9 ,g5eva1 ,amiel w5t abroad & !re pass$ sev]al ye>s at ! univ]sities ( ,heidelb]g & ,b]l94 ,^u return+ 9 #ahdi to 8 home1 he at ! age ( tw5ty-eight ye>s receiv$ 9 ! ,g5eva ,academy a pr(essor%ip1 at fir/ ( /hetics1 & lat] ( philosophy1 & ?is he held until 8 dea?4 ,amiel's :ole life 0 pass$ 9 ,g5eva1 :]e he di$ 9 #ahha1 hav+ 9 no way ris5 above ! l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ ord9>y ( pr(essors1 :o1 me*anically compil+ _! lectures f ! late/ books 9 _! p>ticul> specialties1 j z me*anically transmit !m to _! he>]s1 & f a /ill great] numb] ( poets )\t cont5ts1 :o furni% ^! q useless1 b /ill m>ketable w>es to p]iodicals t are publi%$ 9 t5s ( ?\s&s ( copies4 ,amiel did n h ! slighte/ success ei!r 9 ! le>n$ or 9 ! lit]>y field4 ,z he 0 approa*+ old age1 he wrote ( himself z foll[s3 ,:at h ,i be5 able to extract f ^? gifts :i* 7 be/[$ ^u me1 f ! peculi> conditions ( my life ( half a c5tury8 ,are all my collect$ scribbl+s1 my correspond5ce1 ^! ?\s&s ( intimate pages1 my lectures1 my articles1 my v]ses1 my diff]5t notes any?+ b dry leaves8 ,to :om & = :at h ,i ev] be5 ( any use8 ,& w my "n live a day long] ?an ,i myself1 & w x h any significance = any "o8 ,insignificant1 empty life6 ,vie nulle4 ,ab\t ,amiel & 8 di>y two well-kn[n ,fr5* writ]s1 8 fri5d1 ! well-kn[n critic1 ,e4 ,s*]]1 & ! philosoph]1 ,c>o1 h writt5 aft] 8 dea?4 ,int]e/+ is t sympa!tic1 b p>tially patroniz+ air ) :i* bo? ^! au?ors treat ,amiel1 :5 !y regret t he 0 depriv$ ( ^? qualities :i* are necess>y = ! p]=mance ( real "w4 ,& yet1 ! real "w ( ^! two writ]s--! critical lab\rs ( ,e4 ,s*]] & ! philosophic lab\rs ( ,c>o--w h>dly mu* outlive _! au?ors1 :ile ! accid5tal1 n real "w ( ,amiel1 8 di>y1 w always rema9 a live book1 necess>y = m5 & influ5c+ !m = ! good4 ,a writ] is de> & necess>y = u only 9 ! measure 9 :i* he reveals to u ! inn] work+ ( 8 s\l1 ( c\rse1 if ?is "w is new1 & n previ\sly accompli%$4 ,no matt] :at he may write1 a drama1 a le>n$ "w1 a /ory1 a philosophic treatise1 a lyric poem1 a criticism1 a satire1 x is only ?is inn] "w ( 8 s\l :i* is de> to u1 & n ! ar*itectural /ructure 9 :i* he1 = ! mo/ "p1 & ,i ?9k1 always1 di/ort+ !m1 clo!s 8 ?\ghts & feel+s4 ,ev]y?+ :i* ,amiel p\r$ into a ready m\ld1 8 lectures1 treatises1 poems1 0 completely dead2 b 8 di>y1 :]e1 )\t ?9k+ ( ! =m1 he spoke only to himself1 full ( life1 wisdom1 in/ruction1 consolation1 w = ev] rema9 "o ( ! be/ books accid5tally left to u by su* m5 z ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ,pascal1 ,epictetus4 ,pascal says3 ,!re are b ?ree k9ds ( p3 ^? :o1 hav+ f\nd ,god1 s]ve ,him2 ^? :o1 n hav+ f\nd ,him1 are busy seek+ ,him1 & ^? :o1 n hav+ f\nd ,him1 none ! less d n seek ,him4 ,! fir/ are s5sible & happy1 ! la/ are s5seless & unhappy1 ! second are unhappy1 b s5sible4 ,i ?9k t ! diff]5ce e/abli%$ by ,pascal betwe5 ! fir/ & ! second1 betwe5 ^? :o1 z he says 9 ano!r passage1 hav+ f\nd ,god1 s]ve ,him ) _! :ole he>ts1 & ^? :o1 n hav+ f\nd ,him1 seek ,him ) _! :ole he>ts1 is n only n s great z he ?\ght1 b does n ev5 exi/4 ,i ?9k t ^? :o ) _! :ole he>ts & suff]+ 7en gemissant1 z ,pascal says7 seek ,god1 already s]ve ,him4 ,!y s]ve ,him ) ?is1 t ) ^! suff]+s ( _! seek+ !y lay out & op5 = o!rs ! road to ,god1 z ,pascal himself did 9 8 ?\ghts1 & z ,amiel did all 8 life 9 8 di>y4 ,amiel's :ole life1 z x is pres5t$ to u 9 ?is di>y1 is full ( ?is seek+ aft] ,god1 :i* is suff]+ ) ! :ole he>t4 ,! contemplation ( ?is seek+ is ! m in/ructive 9 t x nev] ceases to be a seek+1 nev] /ops1 nev] passes into ! consci\sness ( ! acquisition ( tru? & into in/ruction4 ,amiel says nei!r to himself nor to o!rs3 ,i n[ "k ! tru?1--he> me6 ,on ! contr>y1 x seems to him1 z is prop] = him :o s9c]ely seeks ! tru?1 t ! m he f9ds out1 ! m he has /ill left to "k1 & he1 )\t /opp+1 does ev]y?+ he c = ! purpose ( f9d+ out m & m ( ! tru?1 & s con/antly feels 8 ignorance4 ,he con/antly dwells ^u :at ,*ri/ianity & ! condition ( a ,*ri/ian ought to be1 )\t = a mom5t dwell+ on ! ?\ght t ,*ri/ianity is precisely :at he pr(esses1 & t he himself p]sonifies ! condition ( a ,*ri/ian4 ,& yet 8 :ole di>y is full ( expressions ( ! pr(\nde/ ,*ri/ian und]/&+ & feel+4 ,^! expressions act mo/ p[]fully on ! read] on acc\nt ( _! v unconsci\sness & s9c]ity4 ,he speaks ) himself1 )\t ?9k+ t he is he>d1 )\t try+ to appe> sure ( :at he is n sure1 )\t conceal+ 8 suff]+ & 8 seek+4 ,x is z ?\gh we 7 pres5t1 )\t ! ma/]'s k1 at ! mo/ secret1 pr(\nd1 impassion$ inn] "w ( ! s\l1 :i* is g5]ally conceal$ f ! view ( an outsid]4 ,= ?is reason x is possible to f9d _m /ateli] & m eloqu5t expressions ( ,amiel's religi\s feel+1 b x is h>d to f9d su* z are m intimate & m he>t-/irr+4 ,%ortly be=e 8 dea?1 :5 he knew t 8 disease might any day end 9 /rangulation1 he wrote3 ,:5 y no long] reflect t y h t5s ( ye>s1 "o ye>1 a mon? free be=e y\rself1 :5 y already c\nt t5s ( h\rs1 & ! future night be>s 9 itself ! m5ace ( ! unexplor$1 x is evid5t t y decl9e art1 sci5ce1 politics1 & are satisfi$ ) conv]s+ ) y\rself1 & t is possible until ! v end4 ,?is inw>d conv]sation is ! only ?+ :i* is left to him :o is s5t5c$ to dea? & ^: execution is delay$4 ,he 7?is condemn$ man7 conc5trates ^u himself4 ,he no long] emits rays1 b only conv]ses ) 8 s\l4 ,he no long] acts1 b only contemplates4444 ,l a h>e1 he returns to 8 lair to die2 & ?is lair is 8 consci5ce1 8 ?\ght4 ,s long z he c hold a p5 & has a mom5t ( solitude1 he conc5trates himself be=e ?is e*o ( himself & holds conv]se ) ,god4 ,?is1 by ! way1 is n a moral inve/igation1 a rep5tance1 a call4 ,x is only ! 'am5' ( submission4 ,my *ild1 give me y\r he>t4 ,r5unciation & agreem5t are less difficult = me ?an = o!rs1 because ,i want no?+4 ,i %\ld only want n to suff]4 ,*ri/ 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane ask$ = ! same4 ,let u d ! same t ,he did4 ',nev]!less n z ,i w b z ,?\ wilt1'--& we w wait4 ,su* he is on ! day be=e 8 dea?4 ,he is n less s9c]e & s]i\s ?r\gh\t 8 :ole di>y1 9 spite ( ! elegance1 & n[ & !n *oic5ess ( 8 diction1 :i* became a habit ) him4 ,9 ! c\rse ( all ! ?irty ye>s ( 8 di>y he feels t we all s ?or\ghly =get1 t we are all condemn$ to dea? & t our execution is only delay$4 ,& x is = ?is v reason t ?is book is s s9c]e1 s]i\s1 & useful4 #ahic4 ,s4 ,t4 ,,sem,,nov',s ,,peasant ,,/ories ,i h long ago =m$ a rule to judge e arti/ic production f ?ree sides3 7#a7 f ! side ( its cont5ts1--9 h[ f> t :i* is reveal$ by ! arti/ f a new side is important & necess>y = m51 because e production is a production ( art only :5 x reveals a new side ( life2 7#b7 to :at ext5t ! =m ( ! production is good1 beautiful1 & 9 correspond5ce ) ! cont5ts2 & 7#c7 9 h[ f> ! relation ( ! arti/ to 8 subject is s9c]e1 t is1 9 h[ f> he believes 9 :at he repres5ts4 ,?is la/ quality always seems to me to be ! mo/ important "o 9 an arti/ic production4 ,x gives to an arti/ic production its =ce1 makes an arti/ic production infecti\s1 t is1 evokes 9 ! he>] & read] ^? s5sations :i* ! arti/ exp]i5ces4 ,semnov possesses ?is quality 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,!re is a c]ta9 /ory by ,flaub]t1 translat$ by ,turgnev1 ,julian ! ,m]ciful4 ,! la/ episode ( ! /ory1 :i* is int5d$ to be mo/ t\*+1 consi/s 9 ?is1 t ,julian lies d[n 9 ! same b$ ) a lep]1 :om he w>ms up ) 8 body4 ,?is lep] is ,*ri/1 :o c>ries ,julian (f to heav5 ) ,him4 ,all t is told ) great ma/]y1 b ,i always rema9 v cold dur+ ! read+ ( ?is /ory4 ,i feel t ! au?or himself w\ld n h done1 & w\ld n ev5 h wi%$ to d s1 & ,i nev] feel any agitation 9 read+ ab\t ?is wond]ful exploit4 ,b ,semnov describes ! simple/ /ory1 & x always t\*es me4 ,a village lad comes to ,mosc[ to f9d himself a place1 & ) ! influ5ce ( a c\ntryman ( 81 a coa*man1 :o is liv+ ) a weal?y m]*ant1 he "h gets ! position ( assi/ant janitor4 ,?is place 0 =m]ly occupi$ by an old man4 ,x 0 by ! advice ( 8 coa*man t ! m]*ant s5t away ! old man & 9 8 place put ! "y lad4 ,! lad arrives 9 ! ev5+ to beg9 8 "w1 & 9 ! y>d he>s ! old man's compla9ts 9 ! s]vants' room1 = hav+ be5 dis*>g$ = no cause :atsoev]1 only to make room = ! "y fell[4 ,! lad sudd5ly feels pity = ! old man & is a%am$ to h pu%$ him out4 ,he reflects = a mom5t1 wav]s1 & f9ally decides to give up ! place1 :i* he ne$s & :i* has pleas$ him s mu*4 ,all ?is is told 9 su* a way t e "t :5 ,i read x ,i feel t ! au?or n only w\ld h wi%$ to act simil>ly 9 su* a case1 b w\ld c]ta9ly h done s1 & 8 feel+ infects me1 & ,i am happy1 & x seems to me t ,i h done some?+ good or w\ld be glad to d some?+ good4 ,s9c]ity is ,semnov's *ief *>act]i/ic4 ,b1 besides x1 ! cont5ts are always significant1--significant1 because !y deal ) ! mo/ important class ( ,russia1 ! peasantry1 :i* ,semnov kn[s z only a peasant1 :o himself lives ! h>d life ( a peasant1 c "k4 ,! cont5ts ( 8 /ories are also significant1 because 9 all ( !m ! *ief int]e/ is n 9 ! ext]nal ev5ts1 n 9 ! peculi>ities ( ! situations1 b 9 ! approximation to & ! removal f ! ideal ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 :i* /&s firm & cle> 9 ! s\l ( ! au?or & s]ves him z a safe measure = ! valuation ( ! wor? & importance ( human acts4 ,! =m ( ! /ories fully corresponds to ! cont5ts3 x is s]i\s & simple1 & ! details are always correct1--!re are no false notes4 ,:at is p>ticul>ly good is ! figurative language ( ! p]sons 9 ! /ories1 :i* is frequ5tly q new1 & always artless & /rik+ly p[]ful4 ,m>* #bc1 #ahid4 ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,guy ,,de ,,maupassant ,x 01 ,i ?9k1 9 ! ye> #ahha t ,turgnev1 dur+ a visit at my h\se1 took a ,fr5* novel1 "u ! "n ( ,maison ,telli]1 out ( 8 sat*el & gave x to me4 ,read x1 if y h a *ance1 he said1 app>5tly ) indiff]5ce1 j z ! ye> be=e he _h h&$ me a numb] ( ! ,russian ,weal?1 9 :i* !re 0 an article by ,g>%n1 :o 0 mak+ 8 db4 ,evid5tly1 z 9 ! case ( ,g>%n1 s ev5 n[1 he 0 afraid he might influ5ce me 9 "o way or ano!r1 & wi%$ to "k my un9flu5c$ op9ion4 ,he is a "y ,fr5* au?or1 he said2 look at x1--x is n bad2 he kn[s y & e/eems y v mu*1 he add$1 z ?\gh to enc\rage me4 ,z a man he rem9ds me ( ,druzhn94 ,he is j z excell5t a son & fri5d1 un homme d'un comm]ce sur1 z 0 ,druzhn91 &1 besides1 he has relations ) ! lab\r+ p1 :om he guides & aids4 ,ev5 9 8 relations to wom5 he rem9ds me ( ,druzhn94 ,& ,turgnev told me some?+ rem>kable & incr$ible 9 reg>d to ,maupassant's relations 9 ?is respect4 ,?is "t1 ! ye> #ahha1 0 = me ! mo/ ard5t "t ( ! inn] recon/ruction ( my :ole _w-conception1 & 9 ?is recon/ruction ! activity :i* is call$ arti/ic1 & to :i* ,i =m]ly us$ to devote all my /r5g?1 n only lo/ = me ! significance =m]ly ascrib$ to x1 b ev5 became di/9ctly di/a/eful to me on acc\nt ( ! improp] place :i* x _h occupi$ 9 my life & :i* 9 g5]al x occupies 9 ! concepts ( ! m5 ( ! weal?y classes4 ,= ?is reason ,i 0 at t "t n 9 ! lea/ int]e/$ 9 su* productions z ! "o :i* ,turgnev recomm5d$ to me4 ,b1 to oblige him1 ,i read ! book :i* he gave me4 ,judg+ f ! fir/ /ory1 ,maison ,telli]1 ,i c\ld n help b see1 9 spite ( ! indec5t & insignificant subject ( ! /ory1 t ! au?or possess$ :at is call$ tal5t4 ,! au?or 0 end[$ ) t p>ticul> gift1 call$ tal5t1 :i* consi/s 9 ! au?or's ability to direct1 accord+ to 8 ta/es1 8 int5sifi$1 /ra9$ att5tion to ?is or t subject1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! au?or :o is end[$ ) ?is ability sees 9 ^? subjects1 ^u :i* he directs 8 att5tion1 some?+ new1 some?+ :i* o!rs did n see4 ,maupassant evid5tly possess$ t gift ( see+ 9 subjects some?+ :i* o!rs did n see4 ,b1 to judge f ! small volume :i* ,i _h read1 he 0 devoid ( ! *ief condition necess>y1 besides tal5t1 = a truly arti/ic production4 ,( ! ?ree conditions3 7#a7 a correct1 t is1 a moral relation ( ! au?or to ! subject1 7#b7 ! cle>ness ( exposition1 or ! beauty ( =m1 :i* is ! same1 & 7#c7 s9c]ity1 t is1 an undisguis$ feel+ ( love or hatr$ = :at ! arti/ describes1--,maupassant possess$ only ! la/ two1 & 0 entirely devoid ( ! fir/4 ,he _h no correct1 t is1 no moral relation to ! subjects describ$4 ,f :at ,i _h read1 ,i 0 conv9c$ t ,maupassant possess$ tal5t1 t is1 ! gift ( att5tion1 :i* 9 ! objects & ph5om5a ( life reveal$ to him ^? qualities :i* are n visible to o!r m52 he also possess$ a beautiful =m1 t is1 he express$ cle>ly1 simply1 & beautifully :at he wi%$ to say1 & also possess$ t condition ( ! wor? ( an arti/ic production1 )\t :i* x does n produce any effect1--s9c]ity1--t is1 he did n simulate love or hatr$1 b actually lov$ & hat$ :at he describ$4 ,b1 un=tunately1 be+ devoid ( ! fir/1 almo/ ! mo/ important condition ( ! wor? ( an arti/ic production1 ( ! correct1 moral relation to :at he repres5t$1 t is1 ( ! k ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil1 he lov$ & repres5t$ :at x 0 n "r to love & repres5t1 & did n love & did n repres5t :at he ought to h lov$ & repres5t$4 ,?us ! au?or 9 ?is little volume describes ) mu* detail & love h[ wom5 tempt m5 & m5 tempt wom51 & ev5 "s incompreh5sible obsc5ities1 :i* are repres5t$ 9 ,la ,femme de ,paul1 & he describes ! lab\r+ c\ntry p1 n only ) indiff]5ce1 b ev5 ) contempt1 z s _m animals4 ,p>ticul>ly /rik+ 0 t lack ( di/9ction betwe5 bad & good 9 ! /ory ,une ,p>tie de ,campagne1 9 :i*1 9 ! =m ( a mo/ clev] & amus+ je/1 he gives a detail$ acc\nt ( h[ two g5tlem5 ) b>$ arms1 r[+ 9 a boat1 simultane\sly tempt$1 ! "o an old "m1 & ! o!r a "y maid51 h] daught]4 ,! au?or's sympa?y is dur+ ! :ole "t obvi\sly to su* an ext5t on ! side ( ! two rascals1 t he ignores1 or1 r1 does n see :at ! tempt$ "m1 ! girl1 ! fa!r1 & ! "y man1 evid5tly ! fianc ( ! daught]1 mu/ h suff]$1 & s we n only get a %ock+ description ( a disgu/+ crime 9 ! =m ( an amus+ je/1 b ! ev5t itself is describ$ falsely1 because only ! mo/ insignificant side ( ! subject1 ! pleasure af=d$ to ! rascals1 is describ$4 ,9 ! same volume !re is a /ory1 ,hi/oire d'une ,fille de ,f]me1 :i* ,turgnev recomm5d$ to me m p>ticul>ly1 & :i* m p>ticul>ly displeas$ me on acc\nt ( ! au?or's incorrect relation to ! subject4 ,! au?or app>5tly sees 9 all ! work+ p :om he describes no?+ b animals1 :o d n rise above sexual & mat]nal love1 & s ! description leaves u ) an incomplete1 artificial impression4 ,! insuffici5t compreh5sion ( ! lives & int]e/s ( ! work+ classes1 & ! repres5tation ( ! m5 f ^? classes 9 ! =m ( half-animals1 :i* are mov$ only by s5suality1 malice1 & gre$1 =ms "o ( ! *ief & mo/ important defects ( ! majority ( ! mod]n ,fr5* au?ors1 among !m ,maupassant1 n only 9 ?is /ory1 b also 9 all ! o!r /ories1 9 :i* he t\*es on ! p & always describes !m z co>se1 dull animals1 :om "o c only ridicule4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,fr5* au?ors mu/ "k ! conditions ( _! p bett] ?an ,i "k !m2 b1 al?\gh ,i am a ,russian & h n liv$ ) ! ,fr5* p1 ,i none ! less ass]t t1 9 describ+ _! masses1 ! ,fr5* au?ors are wrong1 & t ! ,fr5* masses _c be su* z !y are describ$4 ,if !re exi/s a ,france z we "k x1 ) h] truly great m5 & ) ^? great contributions :i* ^! great m5 h made to sci5ce1 art1 civil polity1 & ! moral p]fection ( humanity1 ^? lab\r+ masses1 :i* h held ^u _! %\ld]s ?is ,france & h] great m51 d n consi/ ( animals1 b ( m5 ) great spiritual qualities2 & s ,i d n believe :at ,i am told 9 novels l ,la ,t]re1 & 9 ,maupassant's /ories1 j z ,i %\ld n believe if ,i 7 told ( ! exi/5ce ( a beautiful h\se /&+ on no f\ndation4 ,x is v possible t ! high qualities ( ! masses are n su* z are describ$ 9 ,la petite ,fadette & 9 ,la ,m>e au ,diable1 b ^! qualities exi/1 t ,i "k = c]ta91 & ! writ] :o describes ! masses1 z ,maupassant does1 by tell+ sympa!tically ( ! han*es & gorges ( ,breton dome/ics1 & ) contempt & ridicule ! life ( ! lab\r+ p1 commits a great error 9 an arti/ic s5se1 because he describes ! subject f only "o1 ! mo/ un9t]e/+1 physical side1 & completely ov]looks ! o!r1 ! mo/ important1 spiritual side1 :i* =ms ! ess5ce ( ! subject4 ,9 g5]al1 ! read+ ( ! volume :i* ,turgnev gave me left me completely indiff]5t to ! "y writ]4 ,i 0 at t "t s disgu/$ ) ! /ories1 ,une ,p>tie de ,campagne1 ,la ,femme de ,paul1 & ,l',hi/oire d'une ,fille de ,f]me1 t ,i did n at t "t notice ! beautiful /ory1 ,le ,papa de ,simon1 & ! sup]b /ory1 s f> z ! description ( a night is conc]n$1 ,sur l',eau4 ,!re are 9 our "t1 :5 !re are s _m :o are will+ to write1 a numb] ( p ) tal5t1 :o d n "k to :at to apply x1 or :o boldly apply x to :at ought n & %\ld n be describ$1 ,i ?\ght4 ,i told ,turgnev s4 ,& ,i entirely =got ab\t ,maupassant4 ,! fir/ ?+ f ,maupassant's writ+s :i* aft] t fell into my h&s 0 ,une ,vie1 :i* somebody advis$ me to read4 ,?is book at once made me *ange my op9ion conc]n+ ,maupassant1 & aft] t ,i read ) int]e/ ev]y?+ :i* 0 writt5 ov] 8 "n4 ,une ,vie is an excell5t novel1 n only incomp>ably ! be/ novel by ,maupassant1 b almo/ ! be/ ,fr5* novel s9ce ,hugo's ,les ,misrables4 ,besides ! rem>kable p[] ( 8 tal5t1 t is1 ( t peculi>1 /ra9$ att5tion1 direct$ ^u an object1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! au?or sees entirely new features 9 ! life :i* he is describ+1 ?is novel comb9es1 almo/ to an equal degree1 all ?ree conditions ( a true arti/ic production3 7#a7 ! correct1 t is1 ! moral1 relation ( ! au?or to ! subject1 7#b7 ! beauty ( =m1 & 7#c7 s9c]ity1 t is1 love = :at ! au?or describes4 ,"h ! mean+ ( life no long] pres5ts itself to ! au?or 9 ! exp]i5ces ( all k9ds ( debau*$ p]sons1--"h ! cont5ts1 z ! title says1 are =m$ by ! description ( a ru9$1 innoc5t1 sweet woman1 :o is prep>$ = any?+ beautiful1 a woman :o is ru9$ by t v gross1 animal s5suality :i* 9 ! =m] /ories pres5t$ itself to ! au?or z ! c5tral ph5om5on ( life1 :i* dom9ates ev]y?+1 & ! au?or's :ole sympa?y is on ! side ( ! good4 ,! =m1 :i* is beautiful ev5 9 ! fir/ /ories1 is "h c>ri$ to a high degree ( p]fection1 su* z1 9 my op9ion1 has n be5 rea*$ by any o!r ,fr5* prose writ]4 ,&1 besides1 :at is mo/ important1 ! au?or "h really loves1 & loves /rongly1 ! good family :i* he describes1 & actually despises t co>se male :o de/roys ! happ9ess & peace ( ?is de> family & especially ( ! h]o9e ( ! novel4 ,x is = t reason t all ! ev5ts & p]sons ( ?is novel are s vivid & impress !mselves on our memory3 ! weak1 good1 slatt]nly "m2 ! noble1 weak1 de> fa!r1 & ! daught]1 :o is /ill de>] 9 h] simplicity1 abs5ce ( exagg]ation1 & read9ess = ev]y?+ good2 _! mutual relations1 _! fir/ j\rney1 _! s]vants1 _! neighb\rs1 ! calculat+1 co>sely s5su\s1 /+y1 petty1 impud5t fianc1 :o1 z always1 deceives ! innoc5t girl ) ! cu/om>y base idealization ( ! grosse/ ( s5tim5ts2 ! m>riage2 ,corsica1 ) ! *>m+ descriptions ( nature2 !n ! life 9 ! c\ntry2 ! co>se deception ( ! husb&2 ! seizure ( ! p[] ov] ! e/ate2 8 conflicts ) 8 fa!r-9-law2 ! yield+ ( ! good p2 ! victory ( impud5ce2 ! relation to ! neighb\rs1--all t is life itself1 ) all its complexity & v>iety4 ,b n only is all ?is describ$ vividly & well1--!re is ov] all a s9c]e1 pa!tic tone1 :i* involunt>ily affects ! read]4 ,"o feels t ! au?or loves ?is woman1 & t he does n love h] m]ely = h] ext]nal =ms1 b = h] s\l1 = :at !re is good 9 x1 & t he sympa?izes ) h] & suff]s = h]1 & ?is s5sation is involunt>ily transf]r$ to ! read]4 ,& ! que/ions z to :y1 = :at purpose1 ?is fair creature 0 ru9$1 & :y x %\ld be s1 naturally arise 9 ! read]'s s\l1 & make him /op & reflect on ! mean+ & significance ( human life4 ,9 spite ( ! false notes1 :i* "h & !re occur 9 ! novel1 z1 = example1 ! detail$ acc\nt ( ! girl's sk91 or ! impossible & unnecess>y details ab\t h[ ! des]t$ wife1 by ! advice ( ! abbot1 aga9 becomes a "m1 details :i* de/roy all ! *>m ( ! h]o9e's purity2 9 spite ( ! melodramatic & unnatural hi/ory ( ! rev5ge ( ! insult$ husb&1--9 spite ( ^! blemi%es1 ! novel n only appe>s to me to be beautiful1 b ?r\gh x ,i no long] saw 9 ! au?or ! tal5t$ babbl] & je/]1 :o does n "k & does n want to "k :at is good & :at bad1 su* z he _h appe>$ to me to be1 judg+ him f ! fir/ book1 b a s]i\s man1 :o looks deeply into man's life & is beg9n+ to make ?+s out 9 x4 ,! next novel ( ,maupassant :i* ,i read 0 ,bel-,ami4 ,bel-,ami is a v fil?y book4 ,! au?or app>5tly gives himself ! re9s 9 ! description ( :at attracts him1 & at times seems to be los+ ! fundam5tal1 negative po9t ( view ^u 8 h]o & passes ov] to 8 side2 b 9 g5]al1 ,bel-,ami1 l ,une ,vie1 has = its basis a s]i\s ?\ght & s5tim5t4 ,9 ,une ,vie ! fundam5tal ?\ght is ! p]plexity 9 ! pres5ce ( ! cruel s5selessness ( ! agoniz+ life ( a beautiful woman1 :o is ru9$ by ! gross s5suality ( a man2 "h x is n only ! p]plexity1 b also ! indignation ( ! au?or at ! sight ( ! welf>e & success ( a gross s5su\s bea/1 :o by 8 v s5suality makes a c>e] = himself & atta9s a high position 9 ! _w1 an indignation also at ! sight ( ! corruption ( t milieu 9 :i* ! h]o atta9s 8 success4 ,!re ! au?or seems to ask3 ,:y1 = :at purpose1 is ! fair creature ru9$8 ,:y did x happ58 ,"h he seems to be answ]+ ! que/ions3 ,ev]y?+ pure & good has p]i%$ & cont9ues to p]i% 9 our society1 because ?is society is corrupt1 s5seless1 & t]rible4 ,! la/ sc5e ( ! novel1 ! m>riage 9 a fa%ionable *ur* ( ! triumphant rascal1 :o is adorn$ ) ! ,ord] ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r1 ) ! pure "y maid51 ! daught] ( ! old1 =m]ly irreproa*able "m ( ! family1 :om he s$uc$1 ! m>riage1 :i* is bless$ by ! bi%op & is recogniz$ z some?+ good & prop] by all ! p]sons pres5t1 expresses ?is idea ) unusual =ce4 ,9 ?is novel1 9 spite ( its be+ clogg$ ) obsc5e details1 9 :i* ! au?or un=tunately seems to delight1 we c see ! same s]i\s relations ( ! au?or to life4 ,read ! conv]sation ( ! old poet ) ,duroy1 :5 !y come out aft] d9n] f ! ,walt]s1 ,i ?9k4 ,! old poet lays b>e life be=e 8 "y int]locutor & %[s x to him su* z x is1 ) its et]nal1 unavoidable companion & end1--dea?4 ,x already holds me1 la gueuse1 he says ( dea?4 ,x has already loos5$ my tee?1 pull$ out my hair1 maul$ my limbs1 & is ab\t to swall[ me4 ,i am already 9 its p[]1--x only plays ) me1 z a cat plays ) a m\se1 kn[+ t ,i _c get away f x4 ,glory1 weal?1--:at is x all good =1 s9ce x is n possible to buy a woman's love ) !m1 & x is only a woman's love t makes life wor? liv+4 ,& dea? w take t away4 ,x w take ?is fir/1 & !n heal?1 /r5g?1 & life itself4 ,& x is ! same ) ev]ybody4 ,& t is all4 ,su* is ! mean+ ( ! rem>ks ( ! ag+ poet4 ,b ,duroy1 ! =tunate lov] ( all ^? wom5 :om he likes1 is s full ( s5su\s en]gy & /r5g? t he he>s1 & yet does n he>1 & und]/&s1 & yet does n und]/&1 ! words ( ! old poet4 ,he he>s & und]/&s1 b ! spr+ ( 8 s5su\s life bubbles up ) su* =ce t ! inconte/able tru?1 :i* promises ! same end to him1 does n appal him4 ,x is ?is inn] contradiction :i*1 besides its satirical significance1 =ms ! *ief mean+ ( ,bel-,ami4 ,! same ?\ght sp>kles 9 ! beautiful sc5es ( ! dea? ( ! consumptive j\rnali/4 ,! au?or puts ! "q to himself z to :at life is & h[ ! contradiction betwe5 ! love ( life & ! k ( unavoidable dea? is to be solv$1--& he does n answ] ! que/ions4 ,he seems to be seek+ & wait+1 & does n decide "o way or ano!r4 ,consequ5tly ! moral relation to life cont9ues to be correct 9 ?is novel also4 ,b 9 ! next novels aft] t ?is moral relation to life beg9s to become entangl$1 ! valuation ( ! ph5om5a ( life beg9s to wav]1 to gr[ dim1 & 9 ! la/ novels is completely di/ort$4 ,9 ,mont-,oriol ,maupassant seems to comb9e ! motives ( ! two prec$+ novels1 & repeats himself z reg>ds cont5ts4 ,9 spite ( ! beautiful descriptions1 full ( ref9$ hum\r1 ( a fa%ionable wat]+-place & ( ! activity ( ! doctors 9 ?is place1 we h "h ! same male1 ,paul1 :o is j z base & he>tless z ! husb& 9 ,une ,vie1 & ! same deceiv$1 ru9$1 yield+1 weak1 lonely1 always lonely1 de> woman1 & ! same indiff]5t triumph ( insignificance & bas5ess z 9 ,bel-,ami4 ,! ?\ght is ! same1 b ! au?or's relation to :at he describes is n[ consid]ably l[]1 especially l[] ?an 9 ! fir/ novel4 ,! inn] valuation ( ! au?or z to :at is good & bad beg9s to become entangl$4 ,9 spite ( all ! m5tal desire ( ! au?or to be objective )\t any bias1 ! rascal ,paul app>5tly enjoys ! au?or's complete sympa?y4 ,= ?is reason ! hi/ory ( ,paul's love1 8 attempts to s$uce1 & 8 success 9 ?is produce a false impression4 ,! read] does n "k :at ! au?or wants1--:e!r he wants to %[ ! :ole empt9ess & bas5ess ( ,paul1 :o ) indiff]5ce turns away f ! woman & (f5ds h]1 only because h] =m is spoil$ f be+ pregnant ) a *ild by him1 or :e!r he wants1 on ! contr>y1 to %[ h[ agreeable & nice x is to live ! way ?is ,paul lives4 ,9 ! next novels aft] t1 ,pi]re et ,jean1 ,=t comme la ,mort1 & ,notre ,cur1 ! moral relation ( ! au?or to 8 p]sons is /ill m entangl$1 & is entirely lo/ 9 ! la/4 ,on all ^! novels already lies ! /amp ( indiff]5ce1 ha/e1 fictiti\sness1 &1 above all1 aga9 t abs5ce ( a correct moral relation to life :i* 0 noticeable 9 8 fir/ writ+s4 ,?is beg9s at ! same "t t ,maupassant's reputation z a fa%ionable au?or becomes e/abli%$1 & he is subject to t t]rible temptation to :i* e well-kn[n au?or1 p>ticul>ly su* an attractive "o z ,maupassant1 falls a prey4 ,on ! "o side1 ! success ( ! fir/ novels1 newspap] laudations1 & flatt]y ( society1 especially ( ! wom52 on ! second1 ! ev]gr[+ rew>ds1 :i*1 h[ev]1 d n keep pace ) ! con/antly gr[+ dem&s2 on ! ?ird1--! insi/5ce ( publi%]s1 :o vie ) "o ano!r1 flatt]1 implore1 & no long] judge ( ! quality ( ! productions (f]$ by ! au?or1 b 9 ec/asy accept ev]y?+ :i* appe>s ov] ! "n t has e/abli%$ its reputation ) ! read+ public4 ,all ^! temptations are s great t !y evid5tly intoxicate ! au?or3 he succumbs to !m1 &1 ?\gh he cont9ues to "w out 8 novels z reg>ds _! =ms1 & does x ev5 bett] ?an be=e1 & ev5 loves :at he describes1 he no long] loves :at he describes because x is good & moral1 t is1 because x is lov$ by ev]ybody1 & hates :at he describes n because x is bad & despis$ by ev]ybody1 b only because "o ?+ accid5tally pleases & ano!r displeases him4 ,^u all ! novels ( ,maupassant1 beg9n+ ) ,bel-,ami1 lies ?is /amp ( ha/e &1 above all1 ( fictiti\sness4 ,f t "t on ,maupassant no long] does :at he did 9 8 fir/ two novels1--he does n take = ! f\ndation ( 8 novels c]ta9 moral dem&s & on _! basis describe ! activity ( 8 p]sons1 b writes 8 novels z all artisan noveli/s write !irs1 t is1 he inv5ts ! mo/ int]e/+ & ! mo/ pa!tic or mo/ contempor>y p]sons & situations1 & f ^! composes 8 novel1 adorn+ x ) all ^? obs]vations :i* he has happ5$ to make & :i* fit into ! canvas ( ! novel1 )\t ! slighte/ conc]n h[ ! ev5ts describ$ are relat$ to ! dem&s ( morality4 ,su* are ,pi]re et ,jean1 ,=t comme la ,mort1 & ,notre ,cur4 ,no matt] h[ mu* we are accu/om$ to read 9 ,fr5* novels ab\t h[ families live by ?rees1 & h[ !re is always a lov]1 :om all b ! husb& "k1 x /ill rema9s q incompreh5sible to u h[ x is t all husb&s are always fools1 cocus1 & ridicules1 & all lov]s1 :o 9 ! end m>ry & become husb&s1 are nei!r ridicules nor cocus1 b h]oes4 ,& /ill less c we und]/& 9 :at way all wom5 are loose 9 morals & all mo!rs holy4 ,x is on ^! unnatural & improbable &1 above all1 pr(\ndly immoral situations t ,pi]re et ,jean & ,=t comme la ,mort are con/ruct$4 ,& s ! suff]+s ( ! p]sons :o are 9 ^! situations d n t\* u mu*4 ,pi]re's & ,jean's "m1 :o 0 able to pass all h] life 9 deceiv+ h] husb&1 evokes little sympa?y = h]self :5 %e is compell$ to confess h] s9 to h] son1 & /ill less :5 %e ju/ifies h]self1 ass]t+ t %e c\ld n help mak+ use ( ! opportunity ( happ9ess :i* pres5t$ itself to h]4 ,/ill less c we sympa?ize ) ! g5tleman :o1 9 ,=t comme la ,mort1 dur+ 8 :ole life deceiv$ 8 fri5d1 corrupt$ 8 wife1 & n[ lam5ts because1 hav+ gr[n old1 he is n able to corrupt also ! daught] ( 8 p>am\r4 ,b ! la/ novel1 ,notre ,cur1 does n ev5 h any inn] problem1 except ! description ( all k9ds ( %ades ( sexual love4 ,:at is describ$ is a satiat$1 idle debau*ee1 :o does n "k :at he wants1 & :o n[ falls 9 ) j z debau*$1 m5tally debau*$1 a woman1 )\t ev5 any ju/ification ( s5suality1 & n[ p>ts f h] & falls 9 ) a s]vant girl1 & n[ aga9 falls 9 ) ! fir/ &1 x seems1 lives ) bo?4 ,?\gh 9 ,pi]re et ,jean & ,=t comme la ,mort !re are t\*+ sc5es1 ?is la/ novel provokes no?+ b disgu/ 9 u4 ,! "q 9 ,maupassant's fir/ novel1 ,une ,vie1 /&s l ?is4 ,"h is a good1 clev]1 de> human be+1 ready = any?+ good1 & ?is be+ = "s reason is sacrific$1 at fir/ to a co>se1 petty1 /upid animal ( a husb&1 & !n to j su* a son1 & p]i%es aimlessly1 )\t hav+ giv5 any?+ to ! _w4 ,:at is ?is =8 ,! au?or puts ! "q l t1 & does n seem to give any answ]4 ,b 8 :ole novel1 all 8 s5tim5ts ( sympa?y = h] & disgu/ ) :at ru9$ h] s]ve z an answ] to 8 "q4 ,if !re is "o man :o has und]/ood h] suff]+s & has giv5 expression to ?is und]/&+1 ^! suff]+s are r$eem$1 z ,job says to 8 fri5ds1 :5 !y say t no "o w f9d out ab\t 8 suff]+4 ,let a suff]+ be made kn[n & und]/ood1 & x is r$eem$4 ,"h ! au?or saw & compreh5d$ ?is suff]+ & %[$ x to m54 ,& ?is suff]+ is r$eem$1 because1 z soon z x is und]/ood by m51 x w soon] or lat] be de/roy$4 ,9 ! next novel1 ,bel-,ami1 ! "q is no long] z to :y !re is any suff]+ = ! wor?y1 b :y !re is weal? & glory = ! unwor?y4 ,& :at are ?is weal? & glory1 & h[ are !y acquir$8 ,& j z be=e1 ?is "q includes an answ]1 :i* consi/s 9 ! negation ( ev]y?+ :i* is s highly valu$ by ! cr[d4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is second novel are /ill s]i\s1 b ! moral relation ( ! au?or to ! subject describ$ is consid]ably weak5$1 & :ile 9 ! fir/ novel only "h & !re occur blemi%es ( s5suality1 :i* spoil ! novel1 9 ,bel-,ami ^! blemi%es exp&1 & _m *apt]s are writt5 9 m]e obsc5ity1 9 :i* ! au?or seems to revel4 ,9 ! next novel1 ,mont-,oriol1 ! que/ions z to :y & = :at purpose are ! suff]+s ( ! de> woman & ! success & joys ( ! savage male are no long] put1 b x seems to be assum$ t x ought to be s1 & ! moral dem&s are almo/ n felt2 in/ead !re appe>1 )\t any ne$ & evok$ by no arti/ic dem&s1 obsc5e1 s5su\s descriptions4 ,z a /rik+ example ( ?is violation ( art1 9 consequ5ce ( ! incorrect relation ( ! au?or to ! subject1 may ) p>ticul> vividness s]ve ! detail$ description ( ! appe>ance ( ! h]o9e 9 ! ba?tub1 :i* is giv5 9 ?is novel4 ,?is description is ( no use :atsoev]1 & is 9 no way connect$ ) ! ext]nal or ! int]nal mean+ ( ! novel3 bubbles cl+ to ! p9k body4 ,well8 asks ! read]4 ,t's all1 replies ! au?or4 ,i describe1 because ,i l su* descriptions4 ,9 ! next two novels1 ,pi]re et ,jean & ,=t comme la ,mort1 no moral dem& :atev] is to be f\nd4 ,bo? novels are con/ruct$ on debau*]y1 deception1 & ly+1 :i* br+ ! dramatis p]son to tragic situations4 ,9 ! la/ novel1 ,notre ,cur1 ! condition ( ! dramatis p]son is mo/ mon/r\s1 savage1 & immoral1 & ^! p]sons no long] /ruggle aga9/ any?+1 b only seek enjoym5ts1 ( ambition1 ( ! s5ses1 ( ! sexual passion1 & ! au?or seems to sympa?ize completely ) _! /riv+s4 ,! only conclusion "o c draw f ?is la/ novel is ?is1 t ! greate/ happ9ess 9 life is sexual int]c\rse1 & t1 !re=e1 we mu/ 9 ! mo/ agreeable mann] make use ( ?is happ9ess4 ,/ill m />tl+ is ?is immoral relation to life z x is express$ 9 ! quasi-novel1 ,yvette4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is t]ribly immoral production are z foll[s3 a *>m+ girl1 ) an innoc5t s\l1 b corrupt$ 9 ! =ms :i* %e has acquir$ 9 ! corrupt surr\nd+s ( h] "m1 deludes ! debau*ee4 ,he falls 9 love ) h]1 b1 imag9+ t ?is girl consci\sly talks t ins9uat+ nons5se :i* %e has le>n$ 9 h] "m's company1 & :i* %e repeats l a p>rot1 )\t und]/&+ x1 he imag9es t ! girl is corrupt1 & co>sely proposes a liaison ) h]4 ,?is proposition fright5s & (f5ds h] 7%e loves him71 op5s h] eyes to h] position & to t ( h] "m1 & makes h] suff] deeply4 ,! t\*+ situation--! conflict ( ! beauty ( ! innoc5t s\l ) ! immorality ( ! _w--is beautifully describ$1 & x w\ld h be5 well to /op "h1 b ! au?or1 )\t ! lea/ ext]nal or int]nal ne$1 cont9ues 8 n>ration & causes ?is g5tleman to make 8 way to ! girl at night & s$uce h]4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! novel ! au?or _h evid5tly be5 on ! side ( ! girl1 & 9 ! second he sudd5ly pass$ ov] to ! side ( ! debau*ee4 ,"o impression de/roys ! o!r1 & ! :ole novel falls to pieces & breaks up1 l bread :i* has n be5 knead$4 ,9 all 8 novels aft] ,bel-,ami 7,i am n speak+ n[ ( 8 %ort] /ories1 :i* =m 8 *ief des]t & fame1--( !m ,i %all speak lat]71 ,maupassant obvi\sly surr5d]$ himself to ! !ory1 :i* n only exi/$ 9 8 circle 9 ,p>is1 b :i* n[ exi/s ev]y:]e among arti/s1 t = an arti/ic production we n only ne$ h no cle> conception ( :at is good & :at bad1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 ! arti/ mu/ absolutely ignore all moral que/ions1--t 9 ?is does a c]ta9 m]it ( ! arti/ consi/4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory an arti/ c & mu/ repres5t :at is true1 :at exi/s1 or :at is beautiful1 :at1 consequ5tly1 pleases him1 or ev5 :at c be useful z mat]ial = sci5ce1 b x is n ! bus9ess ( ! arti/ to tr\ble himself ab\t :at is moral or immoral1 good or bad4 ,i rememb]1 a fam\s pa9t] %[$ me once 8 pa9t+1 :i* repres5t$ a religi\s procession4 ,ev]y?+ 0 exquisitely pa9t$1 b ,i c\ld n see any relation ( ! arti/ to 8 subject4 ,well1 d y consid] ^! rites good1 & d y ?9k t !y ought to be p]=m$1 or d y n8 ,i ask$ ! arti/4 ,! arti/ said to me1 ) a c]ta9 condesc5sion to my navet1 t he did n "k & did n consid] x necess>y to "k3 8 bus9ess 0 to repres5t life4 ,b d y at lea/ love ?is8 ,i _c tell y4 ,well1 d y despise ^! rites8 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r1 repli$1 ) a smile ( compassion = my /upidity1 ! mod]n highly cultur$ arti/1 :o repres5t$ life )\t und]/&+ its mean+ & )\t ei!r lov+ or hat+ its ph5om5a4 ,ev5 s un=tunately ?\ght ,maupassant4 ,9 8 introduction to ,pi]re et ,jean he says t p tell ! writ]3 ,consolez-moi1 attri/ez-moi1 att5drissez-moi1 faites-moi rc]1 faites-moi rire1 faites-moi frmir1 faites-moi pleur]1 faites-moi p5s]4 ,seuls quelques esprits d'lites dem&5t l'arti/e3 faites-moi quelque *ose de beau dans la =me qui v\s convi5dra le mieux d'aprs votre tempram5t4 ,x 0 to satisfy ! dem& ( ^! *os5 spirits t ,maupassant wrote 8 novels1 imag9+ navely t t :i* 0 consid]$ beautiful 9 8 circle 0 ! beautiful :i* art ought to s]ve4 ,9 ! same circle 9 :i* ,maupassant mov$1 x is woman1 a "y1 beautiful1 = ! mo/ "p a nude woman1 & ! sexual int]c\rse ) h] t h prem95tly be5 consid]$ to be t beauty :i* art mu/ s]ve4 ,su* an op9ion 0 held n only by ,maupassant's fell[s 9 art1 by pa9t]s1 sculptors1 noveli/s1 & poets1 b also by philosoph]s1 ! tea*]s ( ! y\ng] g5]ations4 ,?us ! fam\s ,r5an says frankly 9 8 "w1 ,m>c ,aurle1 :ile condemn+ ,*ri/ianity = its lack ( appreciation ( fem99e beauty3 ,le dfaut du *ri/ianisme app>ait bi5 ici1 il e/ trop uniquem5t moral3 la beaut *ez-lui e/ t\t--fait sacrifie4 ,or1 aux yeux d'une philosophie complte1 la beaut1 lo9 d'tre un avantage sup]ficiel1 un dang]1 un inconvni5t1 e/ un don de ,dieu1 comme la v]tu4 ,elle vaut la r]tu2 la femme belle exprime aussi bi5 une face du b div91 une des f9s de ,dieu1 que l'homme de gnie ou la femme v]tueuse4 ,elle le sait et de l sa fi]t4 ,elle s5t in/9ctivem5t le trsor inf9i qu'elle porte en son corps2 elle sait bi51 que sans esprit1 sans tal5t1 sans grace v]tu1 elle compte entre les premires manife/ations de ,dieu3 et p\rquoi lui int]dire de mettre en valeur le don1 qui lui a t fait1 de sortir le diamant qui lui e/ *u8 ,la femme1 en se passant1 accomplit un devoir2 elle pratique un art1 art exquis1 en un s5s le plus *>mant des arts4 ,ne n\s laissons pas g>] p> le s\rire que c]ta9s mots provoqu5t *ez les g5s frivoles4 ,on dc]ne la palme du gnie l'arti/e grec qui a su rs\dre le plus dlicat des problmes1 orn] le corps huma91 c'e/ orn] la p]fection mme1 et l'on ne veut voir qu'une affaire de *iffons dans l'essai de collabor] la plus belle uvre de ,dieu1 la beaut de la femme6 ,la toilette de la femme1 avec t\s ses raff9em5ts1 e/ du gr& art sa manire4 ,les sicles et les pays1 qui sav5t y russir1--sont les gr&s sicles1 les gr&s pays1 et le *ri/ianisme montra p> l'exclusion dont il frappa le g5re de re*]*es que l'idal social qu'il concevait ne devi5drait le cadre d'une socit complte que bi5 plus t>d1 qu& la rvolte des g5s du monde aurait bris le j\g troit impos primitivem5t la secte p> un pitisme exalt 7,m>c ,aurle1 p4 #eee74 7,?us1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ?is guide ( ! y\ng] g5]ations1 x is only n[ t ! ,p>isian tailors & wigmak]s h m5d$ ! mi/ake made by ,*ri/ianity1 & h ree/abli%$ beauty 9 its real1 high significance47 ,to leave no d\bt 9 :at s5se beauty is to be tak51 ?is same fam\s writ]1 hi/orian1 & s*ol> wrote a drama1 ,l',abbesse de ,j\>re1 9 :i* he %[$ t sexual int]c\rse ) a woman is t v m9i/ration to beauty1 t is1 a high & good "w4 ,9 ?is drama1 :i* is rem>kable = its abs5ce ( tal5t & especially = ! co>s5ess ( ,d>cy's conv]sations ) ! ,abbess1 :]e we c see f ! v fir/ words ( :at love ?is g5tleman is speak+ ) ! app>5tly innoc5t & highly moral girl1 :o is n 9 ! lea/ (f5d$ by ?is1--x appe>s t ! mo/ highly moral p1 9 ! sight ( dea?1 to :i* !y are condemn$1 a few h\rs be=e x c d no?+ m beautiful ?an surr5d] !mselves to _! animal passion4 ,?us1 9 ! circle 9 :i* ,maupassant grew up & 0 educat$1 ! repres5tation ( fem99e beauty & love has q s]i\sly1 & z some?+ long ago decid$ & det]m9$ by ! clev]e/ & mo/ le>n$ ( m51 be5 consid]$ to be ! true problem ( ! highe/ art1--le gr& art4 ,x is to ?is !ory1 frightful 9 its insipidity1 t ,maupassant 0 subject$1 :5 he became a fa%ionable writ]4 ,&1 z 0 to h be5 expect$1 9 ! novels ?is false ideal l$ ,maupassant to a s]ies ( mi/akes & to weak] & ev] weak] productions4 ,9 ?is %[$ itself ! radical diff]5ce :i* exi/s betwe5 ! dem&s ( ! novel & ^? ( ! /ory4 ,! novel has = its problem1 ev5 = its ext]nal problem1 ! description ( ! :ole human life or ( _m human lives1 & s ! writ] ( a novel mu/ h a cle> & firm idea ( :at is good & :at bad 9 life1 & ,maupassant did n possess t2 on ! contr>y1 accord+ to ! !ory to :i* he held1 x 0 ?\ght t t 0 n necess>y4 ,if he _h be5 a noveli/ l "s untal5t$ writ]s ( s5su\s novels1 he w\ld h calmly describ$ z good :at is bad1 & 8 novels w\ld be complete & int]e/+ = p %>+ ! same views z ! au?or4 ,b ,maupassant _h tal5t1 t is1 he saw ?+s 9 _! real =m1 & s he involunt>ily reveal$ ! tru?3 he involunt>ily saw ! bad 9 :at he want$ to reg>d z good4 ,= ?is reason 8 sympa?y is con/antly wav]+ 9 all 8 novels1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/3 n[ he repres5ts ! bad z be+ good1 n[ he recognizes ! bad to be bad & ! good to be good1 & n[ aga9 he keeps all ! "t jump+ f "o to ! o!r4 ,b ?is de/roys ! v ess5ce ( e arti/ic impression1 ! *>p5te1 on :i* he /&s4 ,p :o are n v s5sitive to art frequ5tly imag9e t an arti/ic production =ms "o :ole1 because ! same p]sons act 9 x all ! "t1 because ev]y?+ is con/ruct$ on "o plot1 or because ! life ( "o man is describ$4 ,t is n true4 ,t only seems s to ! sup]ficial obs]v]3 ! cem5t :i* b9ds e arti/ic production into "o :ole & s produces ! illusion ( a reflection ( life is n ! unity ( p]sons & situations1 b ! unity ( ! orig9al1 moral relation ( ! au?or to 8 subject4 ,9 reality1 :5 we read or contemplate an arti/ic production by a new au?or1 ! fundam5tal "q :i* arises 9 our s\l is always ?is3 ,well1 :at k9d ( a man are y8 ,h[ d y diff] f all o!r m5 :om ,i "k1 & :at new ?+ c y tell me ab\t ! way we ought to look ^u our life8 ,no matt] :at ! arti/ may repres5t1--sa9ts1 robb]s1 k+s1 lackeys1--we seek & see only ! arti/'s s\l4 ,if he is an old1 famili> arti/1 ! "q is no long]1 ,:o are y8 b1 ,well1 :at new ?+ c y tell me8 ,f :at new side w y n[ illum9e my life = me8 ,& s an au?or :o has no def9ite1 cle>1 new view ( ! _w1 & /ill m s ! "o :o does n consid] ?is to be necess>y1 _c give an arti/ic production4 ,he c write beautifully1 & a great deal1 b !re w be no arti/ic production4 ,ev5 s x 0 ) ,maupassant 9 8 novels4 ,9 8 fir/ two novels1 especially 9 ! fir/1 ,une ,vie1 !re 0 t cle>1 def9ite1 new relation to life1 & s !re 0 an arti/ic production2 b z soon z he1 submitt+ to ! fa%ionable !ory1 decid$ t !re is no ne$ :atev] = ?is relation ( ! au?or to life1 & began to write only 9 ord] to faire quelque *ose de beau1 8 novels ceas$ to be arti/ic productions4 ,9 ,une ,vie & ,bel-,ami ! au?or kn[s :o is to be lov$ & :o is to be hat$1 & ! read] agrees ) him & believes him1 believes 9 ^? p]sons & ev5ts :i* are describ$ to him4 ,b 9 ,notre ,cur & 9 ,yvette ! au?or does n "k :o is to be lov$ & :o is to be hat$2 nor does ! read] "k x4 ,& z ! read] does n "k x1 he does n believe 9 ! ev5ts describ$ & is n int]e/$ 9 !m4 ,& s1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/ two1 or1 speak+ /rictly1 ( ! "o fir/ novel1 all ( ,maupassant's novels1 z novels1 are weak2 & if ,maupassant _h left u only 8 novels1 he w\ld be a /rik+ example ( h[ a brilliant gift may p]i% 9 consequ5ce ( t false milieu 9 :i* x 0 evolv$1 & ( ^? false !ories ( art :i* are inv5t$ by m5 :o d n love x & s d n und]/& x4 ,b1 =tunately1 ,maupassant has writt5 %ort /ories1 9 :i* he did n succumb to ! false !ory :i* he adopt$1 & wrote1 n quelque *ose de beau1 b :at t\*$ & provok$ 8 moral feel+4 ,x is 9 ^! /ories1 n 9 all1 b 9 ! be/ ( !m1 t we see h[ ! moral feel+ grew 9 ! au?or4 ,9 ?is1 inde$1 does ! rem>kable quality ( e true tal5t consi/1 s long z x does n d viol5ce to itself "u ! influ5ce ( a false !ory1 t x tea*es its possessor1 leads him on ov] ! pa? ( moral developm5t1 makes him love :at is wor?y ( love1 & hate :at is wor?y ( hatr$4 ,an arti/ is an arti/ = ! v reason t he sees ! objects1 n z he wants to see !m1 b z !y are4 ,! be>] ( tal5t1--man1--may make mi/akes1 b ! tal5t1 z soon z ! re9s are giv5 to x1 z 0 done by ,maupassant 9 8 /ories1 w reveal & lay b>e ! subject & w make ! writ] love x1 if x is wor?y ( love1 & hate x1 if x is wor?y ( hatr$4 ,:at happ5s to e true arti/1 :51 "u ! influ5ce ( 8 surr\nd+s1 he beg9s to describe some?+ diff]5t f :at he ought to describe1 is :at happ5$ to ,balaam1 :o1 :5 he want$ to bless1 curs$ t :i* ought to h be5 curs$1 &1 :5 he want$ to curse1 began to bless t :i* ought to h be5 bless$2 he w involunt>ily d1 n :at he wants1 b :at he ought to d4 ,! same happ5$ ) ,maupassant4 ,!re has h>dly be5 ano!r su* an au?or1 :o ?\ght s s9c]ely t all ! good1 ! :ole mean+ ( life 0 9 woman1 9 love1 & :o ) su* =ce ( passion describ$ woman & ! love ( h] f all sides1 & !re has h>dly be5 ano!r au?or1 :o ) su* cle>ness & precision has po9t$ out all ! t]rible sides ( ! same ph5om5on1 :i* to him seem$ to be ! highe/1 & "o t gives ! greate/ good to m54 ,! m he compreh5d$ ?is ph5om5on1 ! m did x become unveil$2 ! %r\ds fell (f1 & all !re 0 left 0 its t]rible consequ5ces & its /ill m t]rible reality4 ,read 8 ,idiot ,son1 ,a ,night ) ! ,daught] 7,l',ermite71 ,! ,sailor & ,8 ,si/] 7,le ,port71 ,field ( ,olives1 ,la ,petite ,roque1 ! ,engli% ,miss ,h>riet1 ,monsieur ,p>5t1 ,l',armoire 7! girl t fell asleep 9 ! safe71 ,! ,m>riage 9 ,sur l',eau1 & ! la/ expression ( ev]y?+1 ,un ,cas de ,divorce4 ,:at ,m>cus ,aurelius said1 try+ to f9d means ) :i* to de/roy 9 imag9ation ! attractiv5ess ( ?is s91 ,maupassant does 9 gl>+1 arti/ic pictures1 :i* upset "o completely4 ,he wants to laud love1 b ! m he knew ( x1 ! m he curs$ x4 ,he curs$ x = ! calamities & suff]+s :i* x br+s ) x1 & = ! disappo9tm5ts1 &1 above all1 = ! simulation ( true love1 = ! deception :i* is 9 x1 & f :i* man suff]s ! m1 ! m he ab&ons himself to ?is deception4 ,! mighty moral gr[? ( ! au?or1 dur+ 8 lit]>y activity1 is writt5 9 indelible *>act]s 9 ^! exquisite %ort /ories & 9 8 be/ book1 ,sur l',eau4 ,& n m]ely 9 ?is discr[n+1 ?is involunt>y &1 !re=e1 s mu* m p[]ful discr[n+ ( sexual love1 d we see ! au?or's moral gr[?2 we see x also 9 all ^? high] & ev] high] dem&s :i* he makes on life4 ,n only 9 sexual love does he see ! inn] contradiction betwe5 ! dem&s ( ! animal & ( ! rational man1--he sees x 9 ! :ole /ructure ( ! _w4 ,he sees t ! _w1 ! mat]ial _w1 su* z x is1 is n only n ! be/ ( worlds1 b1 on ! contr>y1 might h be5 q diff]5t1--?is idea is /rik+ly express$ 9 ,horla1--& does n satisfy ! dem&s ( reason & ( love2 he sees t !re is a c]ta9 o!r _w1 or at lea/ !re are ! dem&s = su* a _w1 9 man's s\l4 ,he is torm5t$1 n only by ! irrationality ( ! mat]ial _w & ! abs5ce ( beauty 9 x1 b also by its lack ( love1 by its disunion4 ,i "k ( no m he>tr5d+ cry ( despair ( an err+ man :o recognizes 8 lonel9ess1 ?an ! expression ( ?is idea 9 ! exquisite /ory1 ,solitude4 ,! ph5om5on :i* m ?an any o!r tortur$ ,maupassant1 & to :i* he frequ5tly return$1 is ! agoniz+ /ate ( lonel9ess1 ! spiritual lonel9ess ( a man1 t b>ri] :i* /&s betwe5 a man & o!rs1 t b>ri] :i*1 z he says1 is felt ! m pa9fully1 ! clos] ! bodily contact4 ,:at is x t tortures him8 ,& :at w\ld he h8 ,:at de/roys ?is b>ri]1 :at puts a /op to ?is lonel9ess8 ,love1 n love ( woman1 ( :i* he is tir$1 b pure1 spiritual1 div9e love4 ,& x is ?is t ,maupassant seeks2 t[>d ?is savi\r ( life1 :i* 0 long ago cle>ly reveal$ to all1 t he pa9fully tugs at ! fett]s ) :i* he feels himself b\nd4 ,he is n yet able to "n :at he is seek+1 he does n want to "n x ) 8 lips alone1 = fe> ( defil+ 8 sanctu>y4 ,b 8 unnam$ /riv+1 :i* is express$ by 8 t]ror 9 ! pres5ce ( solitude1 is s s9c]e t x infects u & draws u m p[]fully ?an _m1 v _m s]mons ( love1 :i* are enunciat$ ) ! lips alone4 ,! trag$y ( ,maupassant's life consi/s 9 ?is1 t1 liv+ 9 surr\nd+s t are t]rible because ( _! mon/r\sness & immorality1 he by ! =ce ( 8 tal5t1 t unusual light :i* 0 9 him1 broke away f ! _w-conception ( 8 circle1 0 ne> to lib]ation1 already brea!d ! air ( fre$om1 b1 hav+ sp5t 8 la/ /r5g? 9 ?is /ruggle1 p]i%$ )\t becom+ free1 because he did n h ! /r5g? to make ?is "o la/ ef=t4 ,! trag$y ( ?is ru9 consi/s 9 ! same 9 :i* x ev5 n[ cont9ues to consi/ = ! majority ( ! s-call$ m5 ( our "t4 ,m5 h 9 g5]al nev] liv$ )\t an explanation ( ! mean+ ( ! life !y live4 ,ev]y:]e & at all times !re h appe>$ advanc$1 highly gift$ m51 prophets1 z !y are call$1 :o h expla9$ to m5 ?is mean+ & significance ( life1 & at all times ! m5 ( ! rank & file1 :o h no /r5g? to make ?is mean+ cle> to !mselves1 h foll[$ t explanation ( life :i* _! prophets reveal$ to !m4 ,?is mean+ 0 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago simply1 lucidly1 indubitably1 & joy\sly expla9$ by ,*ri/ianity1 z is prov$ by ! life ( all ^? :o h accept$ ?is mean+ & foll[ t guide ( life :i* foll[s f ?is mean+4 ,b !re appe>$ m5 :o int]pret$ ?is mean+ 9 su* a way t x became nons5se4 ,& p are 9 a dilemma1--:e!r to recognize ,*ri/ianity1 z x is int]pret$ by ,ca?olicism1 ,l\rdes1 ! ,pope1 ! dogma ( ! se$less conception1 & s =?1 or to live on1 be+ guid$ by ! in/ructions ( ,r5an & 8 l1 t is1 to live )\t any guidance & compreh5sion ( life1 surr5d]+ !mselves to _! lu/s1 s long z !y are /rong1 & to _! habits1 :5 ! passions h subsid$4 ,& ! p1 ! p ( ! rank & file1 *oose "o or ! o!r1 sometimes bo?1 at fir/ lib]t9ism1 & !n ,ca?olicism4 ,& p cont9ue to live ?us = g5]ations1 %ield+ !mselves ) diff]5t !ories1 :i* are n inv5t$ 9 ord] to f9d out ! tru?1 b 9 ord] to conceal x4 ,& ! p ( ! rank & file1 especially ! dull ones among !m1 feel at ease4 ,b !re are also o!r p1--!re are b a few ( !m & !y are f> betwe51--& su* 0 ,maupassant1 :o ) _! own eyes see ?+s z !y are1 see _! mean+1 see ! contradictions ( life1 :i* are hidd5 f o!rs1 & vividly pres5t to !mselves t to :i* ^! contradictions mu/ inevitably lead !m1 & seek = _! solutions 9 advance4 ,!y seek = !m ev]y:]e except :]e !y are to be f\nd1 9 ,*ri/ianity1 because ,*ri/ianity seems to !m to h outliv$ its usefulness1 to be obsolete & fooli% & repell5t by its mon/rosity4 ,try+ 9 va9 to arrive by !mselves at ^! solutions1 !y come to ! conclusion t !re are no solutions1 t ! prop]ty ( life consi/s 9 c>ry+ )9 oneself ^! unsolv$ contradictions4 ,hav+ arriv$ at su* a solution1 ^! p1 if !y are weak1 un5]getic natures1 make _! peace ) su* a s5seless life1 are ev5 pr\d ( _! condition1 consid]+ _! lack ( k to be a des]t1 a sign ( culture2 b if !y are en]getic1 tru?ful1 & tal5t$ natures1 su* z 0 ,maupassant1 !y _c be> x & 9 "o way or ano!r g out ( ?is insipid life4 ,x is z ?\gh ?ir/y p 9 ! des]t %\ld be look+ ev]y:]e = wat]1 except ne> ^? m5 :o1 /&+ ne> a spr+1 pollute x & (f] ill-smell+ mud in/ead ( wat]1 :i* /ill keeps on fl[+ f>!r d[n1 bel[ ! mud4 ,maupassant 0 9 t position2 he c\ld n believe1--x ev5 nev] occurr$ to him t ! tru? :i* he 0 seek+ _h be5 discov]$ long ago & 0 ne> him2 nor c\ld he believe t x 0 possible = a man to live 9 a contradiction su* z he felt himself to be liv+ 94 ,life1 accord+ to ^? !ories 9 :i* he 0 br\ght up1 :i* surr\nd$ him1 & :i* 7 v]ifi$ by all ! passions ( 8 y\?ful & spiritually & physically /rong be+1 consi/s 9 enjoym5t1 *ief ( :i* is woman & ! love ( h]1 & 9 ! d\bly reflect$ enjoym5t1--9 ! repres5tation ( ?is love & ! excitation ( ?is love 9 o!rs4 ,all t w\ld be v well1 b1 z we look closely at ^! enjoym5ts1 we see amid/ !m appe> ph5om5a :i* are q ali5 & ho/ile to ?is love & ?is beauty3 woman = "s reason gr[s homely1 looks horrid 9 h] pregnancy1 be>s a *ild 9 na/9ess1 !n m *ildr51 unwi%$-= *ildr51 !n deceptions1 cruelties1 !n moral suff]+s1 !n simply old age1 & f9ally dea?4 ,& !n1 is ?is beauty really beauty8 ,& !n1 :at is x all =8 ,x w\ld be nice1 if x 7 possible to arre/ life4 ,b x goes on4 ,:at does x mean1--life goes on8 ,life goes on1 means1--! hair falls out & gr[s gray1 ! tee? decay1 !re appe> wr9kles1 & !re is an od\r 9 ! m\?4 ,ev5 be=e ev]y?+ ends1 ev]y?+ becomes t]rible & disgu/+3 y p]ceive ! pa/y pa9t & p[d]1 ! sweat1 ! /5*1 ! homel9ess4 ,:]e is t :i* ,i s]v$8 ,:]e is beauty8 ,& x is all4 ,if x is n1--!re is no?+4 ,!re is no life4 ,n only is !re no life 9 :at seem$ to h life1 b y1 too1 beg9 to get away f x1 to gr[ feeble1 to look homely1 to decay1 :ile o!rs be=e y\r v eyes seize f y ^? pleasures 9 :i* 0 ! :ole good ( life4 ,m ?an t3 !re beg9s to gl9t ! possibility ( ano!r life1 some?+ else1 "s o!r union ( m5 ) ! :ole _w1 su* z excludes all ^? deceptions1 some?+ else1 some?+ t _c be impair$ by any?+1 t is true & always beautiful4 ,b t _c be1--x is only ! provok+ sight ( an oasis1 :5 we "k t x is n !re & t ev]y?+ is s&4 ,maupassant liv$ d[n to t tragic mom5t ( life1 :5 !re began ! /ruggle betwe5 ! lie ( ! life :i* surr\nd$ him1 & ! tru? :i* he 0 beg9n+ to see4 ,he already _h symptoms ( spiritual bir?4 ,x is ^! lab\rs ( bir? t are express$ 9 8 be/ productions1 especially 9 8 %ort /ories4 ,if x _h be5 8 fate n to die 9 ! lab\r ( bir?1 b to be born1 he w\ld h giv5 great1 in/ructive productions1 b ev5 :at he gave u dur+ ! process ( 8 bir? is mu*4 ,let u be grateful to ?is /rong1 tru?ful man = :at he gave u4 ,vornezh1 ,april #b1 #ahid4 ,,! ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,small capital text has be5 replac$ ) all capitals4 ,v>iations 9 spell+1 punctuation & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$ except 9 obvi\s cases ( typographical error4 ,miss+ page numb]s are page numb]s t 7 n %[n 9 ! orig9al text4 ,! illu/rations h be5 mov$ s t !y d n break up p>agraphs1 ?us ! page numb] ( ! illu/ration might n mat* ! page numb] 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 ,page #bij3 ,! transcrib] has remov$ 7 f ,b s9ce !re 7 0 m ?an "o woman 9 ea* h\se4