,transcriber's ,note3 ,in this text gh represents the ,middle ,english letter yogh1 similar to the numeral #c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,buke ,of the ,order of ,knighthood1 ,translated from the ,french1 ,by ,sir ,gilbert ,hay1 ,knight4 ,from the ,manuscript in the ,library at ,abbotsford4 ,decoration ,edinburgh3 ,m4,,dccc4,,xlvii4 ,,to ,,the ,,president ,,and ,,members ,,of ,,the ,,abbotsford ,,club1 ,,this ,,specimen ,,of ,,the ,,early ,,literature ,,of ,,scotland1 ,,now ,,first ,,printed1 ,,is ,,dedicated ,,and ,,presented ,,by ,,their ,,obedient ,,servant1 ,,beriah ,,botfield4 ,,norton ,,hall1 ,,january #a1 #ahdg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,abbotsford ,club4 ,,january1 ,m4,,dccc4,,xlvii4 ,,president1 ,,right ,,hon4 ,,john ,,hope1 ,,lord ,,justice-,,clerk4 ,,right ,,hon4 ,,the ,,earl ,,of ,,aberdeen4 ,,adam ,,anderson1 ,,esq4 ,,david ,,balfour1 ,,esq4 #e ,,charles ,,baxter1 ,,esq4 ,,robert ,,bell1 ,,esq4 ,,robert ,,blackwood1 ,,esq4 ,,bindon ,,blood1 ,,esq4 ,,beriah ,,botfield1 ,,esq4 #aj ,,james ,,burn1 ,,esq4 ,,hon4 ,,henry ,,cockburn1 ,,lord ,,cockburn4 ,,john ,,payne ,,collier1 ,,esq4 ,,thomas ,,constable1 ,,esq4 ,,james ,,crossley1 ,,esq4 #ae ,,james ,,dennistoun1 ,,esq4 ,,john ,,dunn1 ,,esq4 ,,joseph ,,walter ,,king ,,eyton1 ,,esq4 ,,hon4 ,,john ,,hay ,,forbes1 ,,lord ,,medwyn4 ,,john ,,black ,,gracie1 ,,esq4 #bj ,,hon4 ,,james ,,ivory1 ,,lord ,,ivory4 ,,hon4 ,,francis ,,jeffrey1 ,,lord ,,jeffrey4 ,,james ,,kinnear1 ,,esq4 ,,george ,,ritchie ,,kinloch1 ,,esq4 ,,david ,,laing1 ,,esq4 #be ,,henry ,,liddell1 ,,esq4 ,,james ,,lucas1 ,,esq4 ,,john ,,whitefoord ,,mackenzie1 ,,esq4 ,,alexander ,,maconochie1 ,,esq4 ,,james ,,macknight1 ,,esq41 ,treasurer4 #cj ,,james ,,maidment1 ,,esq4 ,,william ,,henry ,,miller1 ,,esq4 ,,theodore ,,martin1 ,,esq41 ,secretary4 ,,rev4 ,,james ,,morton1 ,b4,d4 ,,robert ,,nasmyth1 ,,esq4 #ce ,,robert ,,pitcairn1 ,,esq4 ,,right ,,hon4 ,,the ,,earl ,,of ,,powis4 ,,john ,,robertson1 ,,esq4 ,,right ,,hon4 ,,andrew ,,rutherfurd1 ,,lord ,,advocate4 ,,erskine ,,douglas ,,sandford1 ,,esq4 #dj ,,john ,,smith1 ,,esq4 ,l4,l4,d4 ,,william ,b4 ,d4 ,d4 ,,turnbull1 ,,esq4 ,,edward ,,vernon ,,utterson1 ,,esq4 ,,patrick ,,warner1 ,,esq4 ,,right ,,hon4 ,,sir ,,george ,,warrender1 ,,bart4 ,decoration ,,preface4 ,the ,literature of ,scotland1 during the ,fifteenth ,century1 is entitled to a much greater share of attention than it has hitherto received2 more especially1 as it is a period in which the contemporary ,literature of ,england is comparatively so devoid of interest4 ,among the persons who then flourished1 and to whom but a scanty share of justice has been awarded1 we may reckon ,sir ,,gilbert ,,hay1 ,,knight4 ,dunbar the ,scotish ,poet1#a who adorned the reign of ,james the ,fourth1 in his ,lament for the ,death of the ,makars or ,poets1 includes the name of ,hay2 so likewise does ,sir ,david ,lyndesay1 in the reign of ,james the ,fifth2 but no other writer seems to have been aware that such an author had ever existed1 until we reach the year #agbb1 when there appeared the ,third ,volume of ,the ,lives and ,characters of the most ,eminent ,writers of the ,scots ,nation1 c4 ,by ,,george ,,mackenzie1 ,m4 ,d4#b ,this volume1 the last which the author lived to publish1#c commences with ,the ,life of ,,sir ,,gilbert ,,hay1 ,chamberlain to ,charles ,,vi4 ,king of ,france4 ,it extends to eight folio pages1 and furnishes a suitable specimen of ,mackenzie's mode of constructing biography4 ,it commences with the following paragraphs3-- ,the ,,hayes are said to have their first rise from a very noble and heroick action1 about the year of our ,lord #ihj1 in the reign of ,kenneth ,,iii41 as we have shown in the ,life of that ,prince1 in the second volume of this ,work1 pag4 #fj4 ,but whatever truth be in this1 it is certain that this is one of the most noble and ancient ,families in ,scotland1 and that ever since the reign of ,king ,robert ,bruce1 they have been ,lord ,high ,constables of ,scotland3 ,that ,prince1 for the faithful service and loyalty of ,robert ,lord ,hay1 declar'd them heritable ,constables of ,scotland1 about the year #acaj4 ,from this noble and ,ancient ,family our author was descended1 of whom ,i have no other account to give1 but that he was born in the ,north of ,scotland1 brought up at the ,university of ,aberdeen1 where1 after he had finished the course of his studies in ,philosophy1 he commenced ,master of ,arts1 went over to ,france1 where he studied the ,laws1 and was ,batchelor of the ,canon ,law1 and for his great merit1 obtained the honour of ,knighthood1 and was made ,chamberlain to ,charles ,,vi4 ,king of ,france2 upon whose death he returned to ,scotland1 and was in great favour and esteem with ,william ,earl of ,orkney1 and ,lord ,high ,chancellor of ,scotland1 at whose desire he translated1 from the ,french into ,scots1 ,dr ,bonnet's ,book of ,battles in the ,year of our ,lord #adef4 ,as for our ,author1 'tis probable that he died towards the latter end of the #adth century2 and from his performance it appears that he was well seen in the ,civil1 ,canon1 and ,military ,laws2 and had he not been a person of singular merit and worth1 he had not raised himself to the dignities that he attain'd to4 ,these paragraphs contain the whole biographical portion of the ,life1 contained in his eight folio pages1--the ,author's practice being that of introducing some extraneous matter suggested by1 but not connected with the subject of the biography4 ,but in the passages quoted the ,author's usual carelessness or ignorance is very apparent4 ,his statements of matters of fact1 indeed1 are never to be relied upon1 being seldom confirmed1 and often contradicted by better authorities1 and instead of a work of ,national importance1 deserving the liberal patronage it received1 it is altogether worthless4 ,thus ,mackenzie might have known1 that if ,hay was brought up1 and commenced ,master of ,arts1 at a ,university in ,scotland1 it could not have been at ,aberdeen1 which was not founded until the year #adid2 and that if ,hay was ,chamberlain to a ,king of ,france1 it could not have been ,charles the ,sixth1 whose reign extended from the year #achj to #adbb4 ,the concluding notice of the supposed time of ,hay's death1 towards the latter end of the #adth century1 is obviously a clerical error for the #aeth century4 ,instead1 however1 of favouring the reader with an abridged history of the ,kings of ,france1 or some other discursive topic1 ,dr ,mackenzie has in this instance deviated from his ordinary practice1 and given a careful and detailed analysis of a ,manuscript volume in his own possession1 containing three works translated from the ,french by ,sir ,gilbert ,hay2 and this may be instanced as one of the few actual contributions to the ,literary ,history of ,scotland1 contained in his three folio volumes4 ,it may here be quoted1 omitting a somewhat confused and inaccurate account of the original author ,honor ,bonnor or ,bonnet1 ,prior of ,sallon4 ,the first ,book 7he says17 contains #aj ,chapters1 wherein the ,author gives the definition of ,war1 according to the ,doctors of ,civil and ,canon ,law1 and shows that it had its first rise in ,heaven betwixt ,god and his rebellious ,angels2 then he treats of the bypast persecutions of the ,church by way of commentary upon ,s4 ,john's ,vision of the five ,angels in the ,revelation1 and speaking of the fourth ,angel1 he acknowledges1 ,that there was a woman that was chosen ,pope and that she was an ,english woman3 ,and after ,leon1 says our translator1 was chosen a woman ,pape1 not wittand that she was a woman1 the quhilk was of ,england born4 ,the second ,book contains #ah ,chapters1 wherein he treats of the destruction of the ,four great ,empires of the ,world3 ,the ,babylonian begun in the east1 in the time of ,abraham2 the ,carthaginian begun in the time of the ,judges2 the ,macedonian begun in the time of the ,maccabees2 and that of the ,roman begun in the time of ,achan ,king of ,judea3 ,but he more particularly insists upon the ,roman ,empire1 and shews when the city of ,rome was first founded1 when they begun their ,government by ,kings1 ,senators1 ,consuls1 and ,emperors1 and of their most memorable or remarkable actions1 of the actions of ,alexander the ,great1 and the destruction of the ,carthaginian ,empire2 and concludes with an account of the first rise of government or jurisdiction amongst men1 and who were the first ,governors or ,judges4 ,the third ,book contains #aj ,chapters1 wherein he treats of the lawfulness of making of ,war1 and if it be possible for mankind to live without it2 how men know when they are justly compell'd to make war2 what the marks of true valour and cowardice are2 what punishment is due to those that leave the army1 without asking permission of their commanders1 or fight the enemy1 without the orders of their commanders4 ,the fourth ,book contains #aee ,chapters1 wherein he treats of the lawful ,grounds of ,war1 especially amongst ,christians against the ,turks1 and all ,infidels2 whether the ,emperor can lawfully declare ,war against the ,pope and the ,church1 and whether the ,pope may make ,war against him2 concerning the ,duties of ,knights1 and for what reasons they ought to be punished2 concerning the ,duties of ,generals1 and if1 when they are taken in battle1 they ought to lose their lives or not2 whether strength or force be a moral1 cardinal1 or natural virtue2 whether ,prisoners that are taken in ,war belong to those that take them1 or to the ,princes to whom the armies in which they are taken belongs2 whether ,vassals should serve in the army upon their own or their ,prince's expences2 if a ,baron be obliged to serve his ,king but only in his own wars2 whether two ,barons having war against one another1 their men are obliged to assist either of them till they receive orders from their ,king and respective ,lords2 whether we are bound to defend our neighbours with arms and men when invaded by others1 and what the persons are that are obliged to defend one another1 and particularly how the vassal is obliged to defend his ,lord1 the son his father1 by the law of ,justice2 whether he is more bound to defend his father or natural ,prince2 whether a ,clergyman is bound most to assist his father or his ,bishop1 when a war is declared betwixt them2 whether men may make a defensive war for their temporal goods lawfully conquish'd2 whether ,priests and ,clerks may defend their goods by force of arms2 whether arms lent and lost in the field of battle ought to be restored2 whether arms and horses hired and lost in battle ought to be restored2 whether a ,knight being robbed in his ,king's service1 he or his ,king ought to pursue the robbers2 whether a man that goes to the wars uncharg'd ought to take wages2 whether a ,knight serving a ,king uncharg'd1 may lawfully ask wages of him2 whether1 when the ,king of ,spain sends assistance to the ,king of ,france1 he ought to ask wages of him2 whether a man that goes to the wars out of vain glory1 ought to ask wages by the law of ,arms2 whether a ,captain that is robbed obeying his ,lord's commands1 his ,lord ought to restore him his goods or not2 whether a man going to the wars for covetousness and robbery1 ought to demand wages2 whether a ,priest or ,clergyman may lawfully go to the war or not1 concerning the time that men ought to be paid their wages that go to the wars2 whether a ,warriour that obtains leave to divert and recreat himself for some time1 should receive wages for that time2 whether a ,knight that has taken wages of a ,king for a year's service1 and after three months goes to the service of another ,prince1 ought to receive wages for the time that he has served2 whether a ,soldier that has been paid by a ,prince for a year's service1 may substitute another in his place2 whether a ,captain may send any of his men away1 after he has mustered them in the fields before his ,prince2 whether a ,soldier falling sick in the wars may lawfully ask his wages for all the time that he had been sick2 how the goods or spoil that is gained by the army ought to be parted amongst the ,soldiers2 whether a man may lawfully keep what he takes from a robber that was designed to rob him on the highway2 of the lawfulness of the war that is made betwixt two cities that hold of no ,sovereign2 whether a man may kill a prisoner that delivers himself voluntarly2 whether by the ,law of ,arms1 a man may take a ransom of gold or money from his prisoner2 whether in a war betwixt ,england and ,france1 the ,french may lawfully seize upon the goods of the ,english husbandmen1 and detain their persons prisoners2 whether one ,king may overcome another ,king lawfully by craft and subtilty2 whether it be lawful to fight upon a holyday2 whether1 when one man wrongs another1 he may lawfully recover his own by war or force1 before he pursues him legally2 whether a ,knight that dies in battle1 in his ,prince's service1 is sure of his salvation2 whether the righteous or sinners are the most powerful in battle2 why there are so many wars in the world2 whether one that is taken prisoner1 and sworn to keep prison1 may lawfully break it1 and make his escape1 if he finds occasion2 whether one that is taken prisoner1 and put in a close dark room1 and makes his escape1 may be said to break prison8 ,whether a man that's promised safe conduct from one place to another1 but has neglected to capitulate for his safe return1 may be lawfully detained prisoner8 ,whether a man that has safe conduct promised to him and his attendants1 can bring alongst with him a greater man than he himself is8 ,if a man be taken prisoner upon another's safe conduct1 whether he that had the safe conduct be obliged to relieve him upon his own charges8 ,if a man having liberty to go out of prison1 on condition that he should return upon such a day1 re-enters again into the prison1 fails in the day1 how he should be punished8 ,whether it be lawful for one ,prince to refuse another1 with whom he is at peace1 passage thorow his country8 ,whether ,churchmen should pay taxes1 tributes1 and impositions to ,secular ,kings and ,princes8 ,if the ,church should make war against the ,jews8 ,if a man may defend his wife by force of arms8 ,if a brother may defend his brother by force of arms8 ,when a ,baron is a vassal to two ,lords of different countries1 that have both of them war1 whom of them he ought to serve8 ,when a ,baron is a vassal to two ,lords that make war upon one another1 whom of them he ought to obey8 ,when a man is a burgess in two cities that make war against one another1 which of them he ought to obey8 ,whether a man that is in bondage or in slavery be obliged to go to the wars with his lord and master8 ,whether a man may be compelled to go to the wars8 ,if one man fairly wounds another1 and he wounds him again1 whether he ought to be punished for the same8 ,if a bondman or slave kills another by his master's command1 whether he ought to be punished for the same8 ,whether a bondman or slave may defend himself against his lord and master that designs to kill him8 ,whether a ,monk may defend himself against his ,abbot who designs to kill him8 ,whether the son may lawfully defend himself against the father who designs to kill him8 ,whether a man may lawfully defend himself against his judge8 ,whether a man1 being banished the realm1 and returning again without permission1 when people set upon him to take him1 if he ought to defend himself8 ,whether a ,priest that is assaulted carrying the ,lord's ,body 7or the ,sacrament7 alongst with him1 ought to lay it down and defend himself8 ,if a man that is innocent ought to be punished by way of reprisal for the guilty8 ,and how ,princes ought to behave themselves in the cases of reprisals8 ,how reprisals should be made against a city that owes allegiance to no ,sovereign8 ,if all lords or masters may make reprisals8 ,how and for what reason it may be said that the ,king of ,france is no ways subject to the ,emperor8 ,whether the ,king of ,england be in any manner of way subject to the ,empire8 ,whether reprisals can be granted to a ,burgess that's living at ,paris1 and robbed in his return to ,paris1 for recovering the money or goods that he has been deprived of in another ,prince's dominions8 ,whether an ,english student at the ,university of ,paris may be detained prisoner when a war is declared betwixt the two ,nations8 ,whether a servant should enjoy the privileges that his master has8 ,whether an ,englishman coming to ,paris to visit his son1 student at that ,university1 in time of war1 may be detain'd prisoner8 ,whether an ,englishman coming to visit his brother at the ,university may be detained prisoner8 ,whether a student may be imprisoned by way of reprisal8 ,whether a mad man may be detained and ransomed in the wars8 ,whether a mad man returning to his senses may be detained prisoner8 ,whether by the law of arms an old man may be detained prisoner8 ,whether by the law of arms a child may be taken and detained prisoner8 ,whether by the law of arms a blind man may be detained prisoner8 ,whether an ,ambassador coming to visit a ,king may lead any of his enemies thorow his country8 ,whether a ,bishop may be taken and detained prisoner8 ,whether any ,churchman may be taken by way of reprisal8 ,whether pilgrims may be made prisoners by the law of arms8 ,what things in time of war have safe conduct1 without liberty asked at the ,prince8 ,whether1 in time of war1 the ass and the ox is free8 ,whether the husbandman's servant enjoys1 by the law of arms1 the same privilege with himself8 ,whether1 in time of war1 it be lawful to build castles and walled towns8 ,how they ought to be punished that breaks the safe conduct or assurance of a ,prince8 ,whether a great ,lord1 or any in a meaner dignity1 ought to trust in a safe conduct8 ,whether a ,christian ,king may lawfully give a safe conduct to a ,saracen ,king or any other ,infidel ,prince8 ,whether1 if two ,lords make peace1 and the one breaks it1 the other ought to break it likewise8 ,whether it be better to fight fasting1 or before meat or after meat8 ,whether battle ought to be set before ladies8 ,and if ,queen ,jonat of ,naples had right in her war against ,lewis ,king of ,sicily8 ,then he proves that duelling is against all manner of laws2 yet he gives seventeen different cases1 wherein by the laws of ,lombardy 'tis lawful4 ,then he treats of those who fight for their principles in duels1 and how far that is lawful3 ,then of the form and oath that is taken by those that fight in lists or combats2 ,whether a man that is superannuate may substitute another to fight for him in battle8 ,if any of the company breaks his sword1 if another should be given unto him8 ,if the ,lord or ,judge cannot discern on the first day who has the advantage in the field2 if he be obliged to return on the second day1 and enter the lists as before1 which of the parties ought to begin the fight8 ,if he that is overcome ought to pay the other the damages1 tho' the ,king should pardon them8 ,if a man is overcome in duelling1 if he may be afterwards accused in law8 ,whether1 if the company pleases1 they may fight in plain field1 without barriers8 ,how they should be punished that owns their crime1 and is openly overcome8 ,whether1 when one ,knight chalenges another1 he may be allowed to repent and recall his chalenge8 ,then our ,author treats of arms and banners in general and particularly1 and proceeds to the answering of the following ,questions3 ,if a man at his own pleasure may make choice of another man's coat of arms8 ,if a ,german finds a ,frenchman in the field bearing the same coat of arms with him1 if he ought to appeal him to a combat8 ,how they ought to be punished that assume the arms of others8 ,then he treats of all the different colours us'd in ,herauldry1 and of all the different rules and conditions that are to be observed in fighting of duels3 ,and concludes with the duties incumbent upon ,emperors1 ,kings1 and ,princes2 which he ends with these words3 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,bellorum1 ,,sed ,,potius ,,dolorum1 ,,ut ,,recitat ,,doctor ,,in ,,pluribus4 ,next to this follows our ,author's translation of ,dr ,bonet's ,book of ,chevalry or ,knighthood1 which contains eight ,chapters3 ,in the first ,chapter he tells us1 how that a ,batchelor1 ,squire of ,honour1 travelling to the ,coronation of a great ,prince1 with an intention to take upon him the ,order of ,knighthood1 he went astray in a wilderness1 where he happened to light upon a hermitage1 in which lived an old and venerable ,knight1 that had forsaken the world for the love of ,god2 and how this old ,knight taught the ,squire all the points of honour1 and all that belonged to the duty of a ,knight1 which is the subject matter of all the following ,chapters2 where in the second ,chapter1 he1 the old ,knight shows1 how he ought to receive that high ,order1 and how he ought first to be instructed in every thing that belongs to it4 ,the third contains all the duties of a ,knight4 ,the fourth contains their form of examination1 and how he ought to be examined before he receives the ,order4 ,the fifth contains directions for him at the receiving of the ,order1 and the form of giving it4 ,in the sixth is explained the signification of the ,arms of ,knighthood4 ,in the seventh he shows the many advantages that ,knights have above others by this honourable ,order2 and the last shows the great respect that ought to be shown to all that ,order1--ending with these words1 ,,explicit ,l',,ordre ,,de ,,chevalrie4 ,after this follows our ,author's translation of ,dr ,bonet's ,book of ,government of ,princes1 which is a translation of ,aristotle's ,politics1 and contains #dj ,chapters1 with a ,prologue1 shewing into how many languages it had been translated1 and how it was first found in the ,temple of the ,sun1 built by ,esculapius4 ,then follows a translation of ,king ,alexander the ,great's letter to ,aristotle1 after his conquest of ,persia1 with ,aristotle's answer1 and two other letters of ,king ,alexander's and ,aristotle's4 ,the ,manuscript1 of which the preceding was an analysis1 is not mentioned in any more recent work1 and as it could not be traced in any public repository1 it was considered to be irrecoverably lost4 ,but in the ,catalogue of the ,library at ,abbotsford1 printed in #ahch1 at page #bcb1 there occurs the following title3-- ,here begynnys the buke call't the ,buke of the ,law of ,armys1 the quhilk was compilit be a notable man1 ,doctour in ,decrees1 callit ,bennet1 prioure of ,sallan1 c4 ,,ms4 fol4 ,this title attracted the notice of ,,mr ,,laing1 ,secretary of the ,bannatyne ,club1 who conjectured it might prove to be a copy of the work described by ,mackenzie4 ,to ascertain this point1 he made an application for the use of the volume1 through ,,isaac ,,bayley1 ,esq42 which being courteously granted1 it was no difficult matter to perceive that this was the identical ,manuscript which ,dr ,george ,mackenzie had possessed4 ,as the volume itself furnishes no indication on this head1 we can only conjecture that it may have fallen into ,sir ,walter ,scott's hands1 either by purchase at a sale1 or as a present from some of his friends4 ,but we may conclude1 that had ,sir ,walter been aware of the peculiar interest and curiosity of the volume1 he would have pointed it out1 and some use of it have been made during the latter period of his life4 ,the ,manuscript in question is a large folio of #acb leaves1#d on lombard paper1 written in a very distinct hand1 about the end of the #aeth century4 ,it is in the original wooden boards1 in perfect preservation1 and contains1 repeated in different parts of the volume1 autograph signatures of ,w4 ,sanclair of ,roislin1 ,oliver ,sinclar of ,rosling1 knycht1 and ,w4 ,sanclair of ,roislin1 knecht4 ,it consists of three distinct works3-- ,i4 ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,batailles4 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,order ,,of ,,knyghthede4 ,,iii4 ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,governance ,,of ,,princes4 ,to have published the entire volume was considered to be altogether inexpedient1 on account of its great extent4 ,yet not wishing it to remain in comparative obscurity1 ,i readily acceded to ,mr ,laing's suggestion1 in selecting the second of these ,works1 which forms a distinct treatise by itself1 as my contribution to the objects of the ,,abbotsford ,,club2 at the same time subjoining in the ,appendix such ,specimens of the two other ,works as should satisfy all reasonable curiosity4 ,in this way1 ,i hope that whatever is really valuable or interesting in the ,,ms4 has been put into an accessible shape1 in order to exhibit and preserve from casual destruction ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,earliest ,,existing ,,specimens of ,scotish prose composition4 ,a brief account of the ,originals may here be given1 before endeavouring to throw some light on the life and character of the ,translator4 ,i4 ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,batailles4 ,this well known and popular work forms the first and largest portion of the ,abbotsford ,manuscript4 ,no ,english version of it is known4 ,in the ,appendix will be found the ,prologue1 the ,table of the ,chapters in the different ,books1 and some other ,extracts1 which may be compared with the corresponding passages1 here copied from one of the later editions of the original ,work1 which bears the following title3-- ,larbre de ,batailles4 ,sensuyt larbre des batailles qui traicte de plusieurs choses comme de leglise4 ,et aussi des faictz de la guerre4 ,et aussi comment on si doyt gouuerner4 ,imprime nouuellement a ,lyon4 7,design cut in wood47 ,on les vend a ,lyon au pres de nostre dame de confort cheulz ,oliuier ,arnoullet4 #dto4 black letter1 ,sign4 ,a4 to ,m4 six1 in eights4 ,,cy ,,commence ,,le ,,prologue ,,du ,,liure ,,intitule ,,larbre ,,des ,,batailles ,,faict ,,et ,,compose ,,par ,,vng ,,venerable ,,et ,,religieuse ,,personne ,,maistre ,,honnore ,,bonhor1 ,,prieur ,,de ,,salon1 ,,et ,,docteur ,,en ,,decret4 ,a ,,la saincte couronne de ,france en laquelle auiourdhuy par lordonnance de ,dieu regne ,charles cinquesme de ce nom tres bien ayme et par tout le monde redoubte soit donne loz1 gloire1 et victoire sur toutes seigneuries terriennes4 ,tres hault ,prince1 ie suis nomme par mon droict nom ,,honnore ,,bonhor ,prieur de ,salon1 indigne docteur en decret1 souuenteffoys ay eu en voulente de faire et compiller1 selon mon debile entendement1 ce petit liure a lhonneur de ,dieu premierement de sa benoiste ,mere1 et de vostre haulte seigneurie ,sire4 ,et les raisons qui mont esmeu et incite a ce faire sont assez bonnes1 selon mon aduis4 ,premierement1 lestat de ,saincte ,eglise est en telle tribulation et perplexite que si ,dieu ny mect remede et vostre ,seigneurie1 laquelle est acoustumee de acheuer et mettre affin les chieres aduantures de la foy ,crestienne1 ie ny voy voye ne chemin comme y puisse estre mise bonne ne briefue accordance4 ,la ,deuziesme raison si est1 que voyez toute ,chrestiente si greuee de guerres1 haynes1 larrecins et discentions1 que a grant peine peut on nommer vng petit pays soit une conte ou duche qui bien soyt en paix4 ,la ,tierce raison si est1 que la terre de ,prouuence dont ie suis ne et nourry est de present tellement atournee par le changement de noble seigneurie et pour les diversitez doppinions qui sont entre les nobles et le communes que a grant paine pourroit homme tant fust saige racompter les maulx que les gens du pays pour ce debat seuffrent4 ,la ,quarte raison est1 que ie considere plusieurs choses dictes de grans clerez modernees que bien pensent entendre les ,prophecies anciennes parlans des maulx presens et dient que vng de la haulte lignee de ,france doit estre celluy par qui les remdes seront donnez au siecle trauailant1 et mis en grande pestitance pour lesquelles raisons me suis efforce de faire aulcune chose nouuelle affin que vostre ieunesse soit informee de plusieurs entendemens de la saincte escripture et aussi affin que vostre personne soit plus adonnee de faire secours a la saincte foy de ,iesu ,crist et faire que les ,prophecies qui sentendent de vostre digne personne et escriptures soyent verifiez par voz bonne oeuures si vous supplie mon tres hault ,seigneur que rien que ie die en ce liure ne vueillez mespriser car ce que iay mis en luy prent son fondement sus le droit canon et civil et sus naturelle philosophie1 qui nest aultre chose que raison de nature et aura nom cestuy liure ,,larbre ,,des ,,batailles pour fournir lequel liure me fault trouuer matiere condecente a ce faire1 si mest venu en ymaginacion faire vng ,arbre de ,dueill1 au dessus duquel pourrez veoir les regnes de ,saincte ,eglise en grandes et merueilleuses tribulations4 ,apres pourrez veoir la grande discention qui est auiourdhuy entre les ,roys et ,princes ,crestiens4 ,pareillement pourrez veoir le grande discencion et murmure qui est entre les ,nobles et les ,communes4 ,et deuiseray mon ,liure en quatre parties principalles ainsi comme a plain est cy apres declaire dont en la premiere partie sera faicte mention des tribulations de l'eglise jadis passees devant l'advenement de ,jesu ,christ nostre ,sauveur4 ,en la seconde partie sera traicte de la destruction des quatre grans royaulmes jadis4 ,en la tierce partie sera traicte des batailles en general4 ,en la quarte partie sera dit du battailles en special4 ,,quelles ,,choses ,,appartiennent ,,estre ,,faictes ,a ,,tous ,,bons ,,roys ,,et ,,princes4 ,,chapitre ,,clxxvi4 ,on disons aulcune chose des ,roys pource que apres ,lempereux ilz sont les plus honnorez sur tous les aultres ,princes4 ,et encores ce nom cy de ,roy selon la ,saincte ,escripture sembleroit estre de plus grande excellence que le nom de ,lempereur1 car nostre ,seigneur se nomme et appelle en plusieurs lieux et endroitz de la saincte ,escripture ,roy des ,roys et ,seigneur de ,seigneurs4 ,item1 le benoist filz de ,dieu en aulcuns lieux de la ,saincte ,escripture est appele filz du ,roy ,dauid par humanite4 ,et ainsi par excellence de ce nom de ,roy appellons nous de lignage royal4 ,et en oultre selon la doctrine et enseignement de ,monseigneur1 ,sainct ,paul ,apostre qui preschoit au peuple en leur admonestant que pour lhonneur et reuerence de ,dieu ilz fussent soubmys a toute creature humaine et en especial au ,roy comme au plus noble et excellent de tous les aultres mesmement en approuuant la dignite de ce nom de ,roy4 ,et pour dire aulcun bon notable auquel ieunes ,roys puissent prendre plaisir4 ,roy qui veult estre bon guerroyer sur saige fier et couraigeux1 et de se gens il soit seigneur1 comme de quaille espreuier1 et soit misericors et rigoureux quant est besoing1 et que au besoing soit le premier se darmes veult estre eureux4 ,pour retourner a nostre propos1 c4 ,,moult daultres belles et notables choses appartenans a tous bons ,roys et ,princes pourroye encores dire et assez trouuer4 ,mais pour le present ie ne pense plus riens a escripre en ce liure1 car ien suis tout lasse4 ,toutesfoys le temps viendra se ,dieu me donne espace de viure que ie escripray aulcunes choses sur les contenances de toutes personnes soyent ecclesiasticques ou seculiers1 hommes ou femmes ce qui leur est necessaire dauoir au plus pres que ie pourray de la ,saincte ,escripture et du droict escript selon les dignites de leur offices4 ,et ie prie humblement et deuotement a nostre ,seigneur1 que par sa saincte grace vous doint en telle maniere gouuerner vostre ,royaulme et la ,saincte ,couronne quil vous a commise que apres la fin il vous maine et conduyse a la saincte gloire de ,paradis qui iamais ne fauldra4 ,amen4 ,,cy ,,fine ,,le ,,liure ,,intitule ,,larbre ,,des ,,batailles4 ,in the ,preface to the edition printed by ,anthony ,verard1 at ,paris1 on the #hth of ,june #adic1 there are several variations2 and the sentence in which the name of the ,author occurs runs thus--,mon tres hault et redoubte ,seigneur souvent j'ay eu voulente de faire ce present livre1 omitting the name altogether4 ,the last ,chapter of the work is numbered cxxxxii in ,verard's edition1 and ends in the same manner as the other4 ,of the original ,work there are numerous ,manuscript copies1 and also several early printed editions2 but these1 as an eminent ,french ,antiquary remarks1 are toutes rares1 toutes fautives et defecteuses4 ,in ,verard's edition1 for instance1 the name of ,charles ,,vi41 to whom the ,author dedicated the work1 is changed to ,charles ,,viii41 in order to pay a compliment to the reigning ,sovereign2 and in these editions the ,author's name is given as ,honor ,bonner1 instead of ,bonnet4 ,the terms of the ,author's dedication1 7says ,m4 ,paulin ,paris17 carry us naturally to the first years of the arrival of ,louis ,,ii4 of ,anjou to the ,sovereignty of ,provence1 that is to say1 from #achd to #acij4 ,charles ,,vi41 the conqueror of ,rosbec1 was still young1 and the schism of the ,church had reached its point of the greatest violence4 ,m4 ,paris's analysis of the work is very concise1 and may be quoted in his own words3--,l',arbre d',honor ,bonnet prsente quatre branches principales1 #ao4 ,l',eglise en schisme4 #bo4 ,les ,rois en guerre4 #co4 ,les ,grandes en dissension4 #do4 ,les ,peuples en rvolte4 ,mais l'auteur parot fort peu soucieux de suivre un ordre quelconque dans son travail4 ,aprs avoir dans les premiers chapitres appliqu la prophtie des cinq ,anges de l',apocalypse l',histoire ,ecclsiastique du ,,xive sicle1 il rsume les fastes de l'antiquit1 puis enfin expose la thorie du comportement des ,armes1 des droits et des devoirs de tous les vassaux1 chevaliers et gens de guerre4#e ,the author ,,honor ,,bonnet1 was a ,monk in the ,abbey of ,ile-,barbe of ,lyons1 and ,prior of ,salon in ,provence4 ,his name1 which is often given as ,bonnor1 or ,bonhor1 or ,bonnoz1 has been ascertained1 from an examination of nearly twenty ancient ,manuscripts in the ,royal ,library at ,paris1 to have been ,,bonnet4 ,a ,provenal translation1 made in the year #adbi by order of ,mossen ,ramon de ,culdes1 is preserved in the same collection1 ,no4 #gdej2 and also a translation in the ,catalan dialect1 ,,ms4 ,no4 #ghjg4 ,there is some indication of ,caxton having translated in part the work in the year #adij1 but no copy is known to exist4#f ,the original work was first printed at ,lyons1 by ,barthelemy ,buyer1 #adgg1 folio2 and another edition at ,lyons in #adha4 ,it was again printed at ,paris1 by ,anthoine ,verard1 #adic1 folio1 of which there is1 in the ,royal ,library at ,paris1 a magnificent copy printed upon ,vellum1 with illustrations1--the first representing ,charles ,,viii4 receiving the work from ,verard the printer1 who1 as already noticed1 had substituted the name of the reigning ,monarch instead of ,charles ,,vi4 of ,france1 at whose request the work was originally written4 ,van ,praet#g describes this copy1 and mentions two other copies on ,vellum1 but neither of them perfect4 ,the discrepancies existing between the early manuscript and printed copies will readily explain the variations1 which will be obvious upon comparing ,sir ,gilbert ,hay's translation with the preceding extracts4 ,it must also be confessed1 that to a modern reader ,bonnet's ,book of ,battles is sufficiently tedious and uninteresting2 and it need excite no surprize that the ,author1 as he admits in his concluding chapter1 having wearied himself with his task1 broke off abruptly--,mais pour le present je ne pense plus riens a escripre en ce ,livre1 car j'en suis tout lasse2 or1 as ,sir ,gilbert ,hay in his translation expresses it--,but in gude faith the ,doctour sais1 that he was sa irkit of wryting1 that he mycht nocht as now1 na mare tak on hand as to put in this buke of ,bataillis1 c4 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,order ,,of ,,knyghthood4 ,although subjoined to ,the ,buke of ,batailles1 there is no evidence to show that it was written by the same ,author4 ,the original ,work1 entitled ,,le ,,livre ,,de ,l',,ordre ,,de ,,chevalerie1 is anonymous4 ,a copy of it is contained in a magnificent volume1 written upon vellum1 and illuminated for ,henry ,,vii4 of ,england1 which forms part of the ,royal collection of ,manuscripts in the ,british ,museum 7,,mss4 ,bibl4 ,reg4 #ad ,e4 ,,ii4 ,art4 #e74 ,the ,work also exists in a printed form1 although now of great rarity4 ,l',ordre de ,chevalerie1 auquel est contenue la maniere comment en doit1 faire les ,chevaliers1 et de l'honneur qui eux appartient1 et de la dignit d'iceulx2 compose par ung ,chevalier1 lequel en sa veillesse fut ,hermite4 ,lyon1 ,vincent de ,portunaris de ,trine1 #aeaj1 in folio1 black letter4 ,it is1 however1 a proof of the great popularity of the ,work1 that a copy of it having fallen into the hands of our venerable ,typographer1 ,,william ,,caxton1 7who probably never heard of ,sir ,gilbert ,hay's previous version17 he added this to his other translations from the ,french1 and having printed his own translation1 he addressed the volume to ,king ,richard the ,third4 ,it has no date1 but must have been printed about the year #adhd2 and his edition is acknowledged to be one of the rarest specimens of his press4 ,lewis in his ,life of ,caxton1 #agcg2 ,oldys in his ,british ,librarian1 #agch2 ,ames and ,herbert in their ,typographical ,antiquities1 #agdi and #aghe2 and ,dibdin1 in his enlarged edition of that work1 #ahaj1 and also in his ,bibliotheca ,spenceriana1 #ahae1 have each given a more or less detailed account of ,caxton's translation4 ,in the ,advocates' ,library1 ,edinburgh1 among the collection of ,,mss4 which belonged to ,sir ,james ,balfour of ,denmyln1 ,lord ,lyon in the reign of ,charles the ,first1 there is a volume1 to which he has prefixed this title1 ,collectanea ,domini ,davidis ,lyndesay de ,monthe ,militis ,leonis ,armorum ,regis4 ,this volume is described by ,dr ,leyden#h in the ,preface to his republication of ,the ,complaynt of ,scotland1 but he has confounded two persons of the same name1 and who held the same office1 at an interval of half a century4 ,the volume1 which contains nothing to identify it with ,sir ,david ,lyndesay the ,poet1 is here noticed1 from containing a copy of ,the ,order of ,knighthood1 without the name of the translator4 ,this is evidently a transcript from ,caxton's printed volume1 omitting the concluding ,address to ,richard the ,third1 in which ,caxton introduces his own name as the translator2 while the transcriber has used his own discretion in adapting the language to the ,scotish orthography and dialect4 ,dr ,leyden passes over this portion of the ,,ms4 in a very summary manner1 and strangely says1 that it1 along with ,the ,buke of ,cote-,armouris1 which immediately follows1 in ,lyndesay's ,,ms41 was transcribed from ,dame ,juliana ,berners's ,treatise on ,hunting1 ,hawking1 c41 which is usually known as the ,booke of ,st ,albans4 ,the following extracts from the copy of ,caxton's volume1 in the ,british ,museum1 will be sufficient to convey to the reader some idea of the work itself2 and to form a comparison of the ,english and ,scotish versions4 ,the first leaf is here given in black letter1 line for line1 in imitation of the original3-- ,,here ,,begynneth ,,the ,,table ,,of ,,this ,,present ,,booke ,,intytled ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,the ,,ordre ,,of ,,chyualry ,,or ,,knyghthode4 ,,unto ,,the ,,praysynge ,,and ,,dyuyne ,,glorye ,,of ,,god_/ ,,whiche ,,is ,,lord ,,and ,,souerayne ,,kynge ,,aboue ,,and ,,ouer ,,alle ,,thynges ,,celestyal_/ ,,and ,,wordly_/ ,,we ,,begynne ,,this ,,book ,,of ,,the ,,ordre ,,of ,,chyualry ,,for ,,to ,,shewe ,,that ,,to ,,the ,,sygnefyaunce ,,of ,,god_/ ,,the ,,prynce ,,almyghty ,,whiche ,,seygno ,,ryeth ,,aboue ,,the ,,seuen ,,planettes_/ ,,that ,,ma ,,ke ,,the ,,cours ,,celestyal_/ ,,and ,,haue ,,power ,,seygnorye ,,in ,,gouernynge ,,ordeynynge ,,the ,,bodyes ,,terrestre ,,and ,,erthely_/ ,,that ,,in ,,lyke ,,wyse ,,owen ,,the ,,kynges ,,prynces ,,and ,,grete ,,lordes ,,to ,,haue ,,puyssaunce ,,and ,,seyg ,,nory ,,upon ,,the ,,knyghtes_/ ,,and ,,the ,,kny ,,tes ,,by ,,symylytude ,,oughten ,,to ,,haue ,,po ,,wer ,,and ,,dominacion ,,ouer ,,the ,,moyen ,,peple ,,and ,,this ,,booke ,,conteyneth ,,viij ,,chapitres ,,the ,,fyrst ,,chapytre ,,sayth_/ ,,how ,a ,,knyght ,,beyng ,,an ,,heremyte ,,deuysed ,,to ,,the ,,squyer ,,the ,,rule ,,and ,,ordre ,,of ,,chyualrye ,,the ,,second ,,is ,,of ,,the ,,begynnynge ,,of ,,chyualry ,,the ,,thyrd ,,is ,,of ,,thoffyce ,,of ,,chyualry ,,the ,,fourthe ,,of ,,thexamynacion_/ ,,that ,,ought ,,to ,,be ,,made ,,to ,,the ,,esquyer ,,whan ,,he ,,wylle ,,entre ,,in ,,to ,,the ,,ordre ,,of ,,chyualry ,,the ,,fyfthe ,,is ,,in ,,what ,,maner ,,the ,,squyer ,,ought ,,to ,,receyue ,,chyualry ,,the ,,syxthe ,,is ,,of ,,the ,,sygnefyaunce ,,of ,,the ,,armes ,,longynge ,,to ,a ,,knyght ,,al ,,by ,,ordre ,,the ,,seuenth ,,of ,,the ,,custommes ,,that ,,apperteyne ,,to ,a ,,knyght ,,the ,,eyght ,,is ,,of ,,the ,,honour ,,that ,,oughte ,,to ,,be ,,done ,,to ,a ,,knyght ,,thus ,,endeth ,,the ,,table ,,of ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,chyualry ,here after foloweth the mater and tenour of this said ,booke4 ,and the ,fyrst chapyter saith hou the good ,heremyte deuysed to the ,esquyer the ,rule and ordre of ,chyualrye4 ,a ,contrey ther was in which it happed that a wyse knyght whiche longe had mayntened the ,ordre of ,chyualrye_/ ,and that by the force noblesse of his hyghe courage and wysedom and in auenturyng his body had mayntened warres justes tornayes in many batailles had had many noble victoryes gloryous by cause he sawe thought in his corage yt he myght not long lyue as he which by long tyme had ben by cours of nature nyghe unto his ende_/ chaas to hym an heremytage_/ ,for nature faylled in hym by age_/ ,and hadde no power ne vertu to vse armes as he was woned to do_/ ,soo that thenne his herytages_/ all his rychesses he lefte to his children_/ and made his habytacion or dwellynge place in a greete wode habondaunt of watres and of grete trees_/ and hygh berying fruytes of dyuerse manyers_/ ,and fledde the world_/ by cause that the feblenesse of his body in the whiche he was by old age fallen_/ ,and that he dishonoured not that_/ whiche that in honourable thynges and aventurous hadde ben longe tyme honoured_/ ,the same knyght thynkynge on the dethe_/ remembryth the departynge fro this world in to that other_/ and also thought of the ryght redoubtable sentence of oure lord in the whiche hym behoued to come to the day of ,jugement_/ ,in one of the partyes of the same wode was a fayr medowe_/ in whiche was a tree wel laden and charged of fruyte in his tyme_/ of which the knyght lyued in the forest_/ ,and vnder the same tree was a fontayne moche fayre and clere_/ that arowsed and moysted all the medowe_/ ,and in the same place was the knyght acustomed to come euery daye for to preye and adoure ,god ,almyghty_/ ,to whome he rendryd thankynge of the honoure that he had done to him in this world alle the dayes of his lyf_/ ,in that time it happed at the entryng of a strong wynter_/ that a kynge moche noble_/ wyse and ful of good custommes_/ sente for many nobles_/ by cause that he wold hold a grete courte_/ ,and by the grete renommee that was of thys courte_/ ,it happed that a squyer moeued hym for to goo thyder_/ in entencion that there he shold be made knyght_/ ,thus as he wente all allone rydynge vppon his palfroy_/ ,it happed_/ that for the trauaylle that he had susteyned of rydynge_/ he slepte vpon his horse_/ ,in the meane whyle that he rode soo slepynge_/ his palfroye yssued oute of the ryght waye_/ and entryd in to the forest_/ where as was the knygte ,heremyte_/ ,and soo longe he wente_/ that he came to the fontayne at the same tyme that the knyght whiche dwellyd in the wode to doo his penaunce was there comen for to praye vnto ,god_/ and for to despyse the vanytees of this worlde_/ lyke as he was acustomed euery day_/ whan he sawe the squyer come_/ he lefte his oroyson_/ and satte in the medowe in the shadow of a tree_/ ,and beganne to rede in a lytyl book that he had in his lappe_/ ,and whan the palfroy was come to the fontayne_/ he beganne to drynke_/ ,and the squyer that slept anone felte that his hors meued not_/ and lyghtly awoke_/ ,and thenne to hym came the knyght whiche was moche old_/ and had a grete berde_/ longe heer_/ and a feble gowne worne and broken for ouer longe werynge_/ ,and by the penaunce that he dayly made was moche discolourd and lene_/ ,and by the teres that he had wepte_/ were his eyen moche wasted_/ and hadde a regard or countenaunce of moche hooly lyf_/ ,eche of them merueylled of other_/ ,for the knyghte whiche hadde ben moche longe in his heremytege_/ had sene no man sythe that he had lefte the worlde_/ ,and the sqyuer merueylled hym strongly_/ how he was comen in to that place_/ ,thenne descended the squyer fro his palfroy_/ and salewed the knyght_/ ,and the knyght receyued hym most wysely_/ ,and after sette them vpon the grasse that one by that other_/ ,and er ony of them spak_/ eche of them byheld eche others chere_/ ,the knyght that knewe that the squyer wold not speke fyrst_/ by cause that he wold doo to hym reuerence spak fyrst and said_/ ,fayr frend what is your corage or entent_/ and whyther goo ye_/ wherfor be ye comen hyther_/ ,syre sayde he_/ the renommee is sprad by ferre contreyes_/ that a kynge moche wyse and noble_/ hath commaunded a courte general_/ ,and wylle be maade hym selfe newe knyght_/ ,and after adoube and make other newe knyghtes_/ estraunge barons and pryue_/ ,and therfore ,i goo to this courte for to be adoubed knyght_/ ,but whanne ,i was a slepe for the trauaylle that ,i haue had of the grete journeyes that ,i haue made_/ my palfroy wente oute of the ryghte way_/ and hath brought me vnto this place_/ ,whanne the knyght herd speke of the knyghthode chyualrye_/ ,and remembryd hym of thordre of the same_/ ,and of that whiche apperteyneth to a knyght_/ he caste out a grete syghe_/ and entryd in a grete thought remembrynge of the honoure_/ in which chyualrye hadde ben so longe mayntened_/ ,in the meane whyle that the knyghte thus thought_/ the ,esquyer demaunded of hym_/ wherof he was so pensyf_/ ,and the knyght answerd to hym_/ ,fayre sone my thoughte is of the ordre of ,knyghthode or ,chyualrye_/ ,and of the gretenesse in which a knyght is holden_/ in mayntenynge the gretenesse of the honour of chyualry_/ ,thenne the esquyer prayed to the knyght_/ that he wold saye to hym thordre and the manere_/ wherfore me ought the better to honoure and kepe in highe worshippe hit_/ as it ought to be after the ordenaunce of god_/ ,how sone sayd the knyght knowest thou not what is the rule and ordre of knyghthode_/ and ,i meruaylle how thow darest demaunde chyualrye or knyghthode_/ vnto the tyme that thou knowe the ordre_/ ,for noo knyght can loue the ordre_/ ne that whiche apperteyneth to his ordre_/ but yf he can knowe the defaultes that he dothe ageynst the ordre of chyualry_/ ,ne no knyght ought to make ony knyghtes_/ but yf he hym self knowe thordre4 ,for a disordynate knyghte is he_/ that maketh a knyghte_/ and can not shewe the ordre to hym_/ ne the customme of chyualry4 ,in the meane whyle that the knyght sayd these wordes to the esquyer_/ that demaunded chyualrye_/ withoute that he knewe_/ what thynge was chyualrye_/ ,the esquyer answered and sayde to the knyght_/ ,syre yf hit be your playsyre_/ ,i byseche yow_/ that ye wylle saye and telle to me the ordre of chyualrye_/ ,for wel me semeth and thynketh that ,i should lerne hit for the grete desyre_/ that ,i haue therto_/ ,and after my power ,i shalle ensiewe hit_/ yf hit please yow to enseynge shewe and teche hit me_/ ,frend sayde the knyght_/ the ,rule and ordre of chyualrye is wreton in this lytyl booke that ,i hold here in myn handes in which ,i rede and am besy somtyme_/ to the ende_/ that hit make me remembre or thynke on the grace and bounte_/ that god hath gyven and done to me in this world_/ by cause that ,i honoured and mayntened with al my power thordre of chiualrye_/ ,for alle in lyke wyse as chyualrye gyueth to a knyghte all that to hym apperteyneth_/ ,in lyke wyse a knyght ought to gyve alle his forces to honoure chyualrye_/ ,thenne the knyght delyuered to the esquyer the lytyl booke4 ,and whanne he hadde redde therin_/ he vnderstode that the knyght only amonge a thousand persones is chosen worthy to haue more noble offyce than alle the thousand_/ ,and he had also vnderstanden by that lytyl booke_/ the ,rule and ordre of chyualry_/ ,and thenne he remembryd hym a lytyl_/ ,and after sayd_/ ,a syre blessyd be ye_/ that haue brought me in place and in time_/ that ,i haue knowlege of ,chyualrye_/ the whiche ,i haue longe tyme desyred_/ withoute that ,i knewe the noblesse of the ordre_/ ne the honoure in whiche oure lord god hath sette alle them that ben in thordre of ,chyualrye_/ ,the knight sayd_/ ,fayre sone ,i am an old man feble_/ and may not forthon moche longe lyue_/ ,and therfor this lytyl booke that is made for the deuocion_/ loyalte_/ and the ordinance that a knyght ought to haue in holdynge his ordre_/ ye shall bere with yow to the courte where as ye go vnto_/ and to shewe to alle them that will be made knyghts_/ ,and whan ye shalle be newe doubed knyght_/ and ye shall retorne in to your countrey_/ ,come ageyne to this place_/ ,and lette me haue knowlege who they be that haue ben maade newe knyghtes_/ and shalle haue ben obeyssant to the doctryne of chyualry_/ ,thenne the knyght gaf to thesquire his blessynge_/ and he took leve of hym_/ and tooke the booke moche deuoutely_/ ,and after mounted vpon his palfroy_/ and went forth hastely to the courte_/ ,and whan he was comen_/ he presented the booke moche wysely and ordynatly to the noble kyng_/ furthermore he offryd that euery noble man that wold be in thordre of ,chyualry myght haue a copye of the sayd book_/ to thend that he myght see lerne thordre of knyghthode and ,chyualrye_/ ,here endeth the book of thordre of ,chyualry_/ whiche book is translated out of ,frensshe into ,englysshe at a requeste of a gentyl and noble esquire by me_/ ,william ,caxton dwellynge in ,westmynstre besyde london in the most best wyse that god hath suffred me_/ and accordynge to the copye that the sayd squyer delyuerd to me_/ whiche book is not requisyte to euery comyn man to haue_/ but to noble gentylmen that by their virtu entende to come entre in to the noble ordre of chyualry_/ the whiche in these late dayes hath ben vsed accordyng to this booke here to fore wreton but forgeten_/ and thexcersitees of chyualry_/ not used_/ honoured_/ ne exercysed_/ as hit hath ben in auncyent tyme_/ at whiche tyme the noble actes of the knyghtes of ,englond that vsed ,chyualry were renomed thurgh the vnyuersal world_/ ,as for to speke to fore thyncarnacion of ,jesu ,chryste_/ where were there euer ony lyke to brenius and belynus that from the grete ,brytagne now called ,englond vnto ,rome ferre beyonde conquered many ,royaumes and londes_/ whos noble actes remayn in thold hystoryes of the ,romayns_/ ,and syth the ,incarnacion of oure lord_/ byhold that noble king of ,brytayne king ,arthur_/ with all the noble knyghtes of the roud table_/ whos noble actes and noble chyualry of his knyghtes occupye soo many large volumes_/ that is a world_/ or as thing incredyble to byleue_/ ,o ye knyghtes of ,englond where is the custome and vsage of noble chyualry that was vsed in tho dayes_/ what do ye now_/ but go to the baynes playe atte dyse_/ ,and some not wel aduysed_/ vse not honest and good rule ageyn alle ordre of knyghthode_/ leue this_/ leue it and redde the noble volumes of saynt graal of lancelot_/ of galaad_/ of ,trystram_/ of perse forest_/ of percyual_/ of gawayn_/ many mo_/ ,ther shalle ye see manhode_/ curtosy_/ gentylnesse_/ ,and loke in latter dayes of the noble actes syth the coquest_/ as in kyng ,rychard dayes cuer du ,lyon_/ ,edward the fyrste_/ and the thyrd_/ and his noble sones_/ ,syre ,robert ,knolles_/ ,syr ,johan ,chaudos_/ and ,syre gualtier ,manuy_/ rede froissart_/ ,and also behold that vyctoryous and noble kynge harry the fyfthe_/ and the captayns vnder hym his noble bretheren_/ ,therle of ,salysbury ,montagu_/ and many other whoos names shyne gloryously by their vertuous noblesse actes that they did in thonour of thordre of chyualry_/ ,allas what do ye_/ but sleep take ease_/ and are al dysordred fro chyualry_/ ,i wold demaunde a question yf ,i shold not displease_/ how many knyghtes ben there now in ,englond_/ that haue thuse and thexcercyse of a knyght_/ that is to wete_/ that he knoweth his hors_/ his hors hym_/ that is to saye_/ he beyng eredy at a poynt to haue al thyng that longeth to a knight_/ an hors that is accordyng and broken after his hand_/ his armures and harnoys mete and syttyng_/ so forth_/ et cetera_/ ,i suppose and a due serche shold be made_/ there shold he many founden that lacke_/ the more pyte is_/ ,i wold it pleasyd our souerayn ,lord that twyes or threys in a year_/ or at the least ones he wold do crye ,justes of pees_/ to thend that euery knyght shold haue hors and harneys_/ and also the vse and craft of a knyght_/ and also to tornoye one ageynst one_/ or ij against ij_/ ,and the best to haue a prys_/ a dyamond or jewel_/ suche as shold please the prynce_/ ,this shold cause gentylmen to resorte to thauncyent customes of chyualry to grete fame and renomee_/ ,and also to be alwey redy to serue theyr prynce whan he shalle calle them_/ or haue nede_/ ,thenne late euery man that is come of noble blood_/ and entendeth to come to the noble ordre of chyualry_/ read this lytyl book_/ and doo therafter_/ in kepyng the lore and commaundements therin comprysed_/ ,and thenne ,i doubte not he shall atteyne to thordre of chyualry_/ et cetera4 ,and thus this lytyl book ,i presente to my redoubted naturel and most dradde souerayne lord kyng ,rychard kyng of ,englond and of ,fraunce_/ to thend_/ that he commaunde this book to be had and redde vnto other yong lordes knyghtes and gentylmen within this royame_/ that the noble ordre of chyualry be herafter better vsed honoured than hit hath ben in late dayes passed_/ ,and herin he shalle do a noble vertuous dede_/ and ,i shalle pray almyghty god for his long lyf prosperous welfare_/ that he may haue vyctory of all his enemyes_/ after this short transitory lyf to haue euerlastyng lyf in heuen_/ where as is ,joye and blysse_/ world without ende_/ ,amen_/ ,,iii4 ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,gouernance ,,of ,,princes4 ,this very popular work is a translation of the ,secretum ,secretorum1 falsely attributed to ,aristotle4 ,its popularity was so great that not less than nine ,english translations and six ,french translations are known4 ,it is probable that ,sir ,gilbert ,hay made his version from one of the ,french translations current in the ,fifteenth ,century4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in now adverting to ,,sir ,,gilbert ,,hay1 the ,translator of the ,,ordere ,,of ,,knighthood1 and of other ,works1 from the ,french1 it is matter of regret that we possess no very certain information respecting him4 ,some of the uncertainty which prevails in regard to his lineage arises from the circumstance that the name of ,gilbert1 in the family of ,errol1 with whom we may presume he was nearly related1 was of very common occurrence4 ,the ,hays of ,errol1 the chief of the name in ,scotland1 appear in the public ,records as ,hereditary ,constables of ,scotland before the end of the ,twelfth ,century4 ,without further entering upon their ,genealogy1 as exhibited in ,douglas and ,wood's ,peerage of ,scotland1 vol4 i4 page #edd1 c41 and in similar works1 it may briefly be noticed that1 in the course of the ,fifteenth ,century-- ,i4 ,sir ,thomas ,hay of ,errol1 ,constable of ,scotland1 died in the year #adjf4 ,he married in #acgb1 ,elizabeth third daughter of ,king ,robert ,,ii41 by his first wife ,elizabeth ,mure2 and had two sons1 ,sir ,william1 who succeeded1 and ,gilbert ,hay1 who is designed of ,dronlaw2 also three daughters1 the youngest of whom1 ,alicia1 married ,sir ,william ,hay of ,locharret4#i ,,ii4 ,sir ,william ,hay of ,errol1 who succeeded in #adjf1 died in #adcf4 ,by his wife ,margaret1 daughter of ,sir ,patrick ,gray of ,broxmouth1 he had two sons1 ,gilbert1 and ,william ,hay of ,urry1 in the county of ,kincardine4 ,,iii4 ,gilbert ,hay1 eldest son of ,sir ,william1 was one of the hostages sent to ,england in #adab1 and again in #adbd1 for the ransom of ,king ,james the ,first1 who had been held in captivity for eighteen years4 ,on the last occasion he is styled ,gilbertus ,primogenitus et ,hres ,willielmi ,constabularii ,scoti1 his annual revenue being estimated equal to #hjj marks2 and at that time ,gilbert of the ,haye1 askyth conduct for #c servants4 7,rymer's ,foedera1 vol4 x4 p4 #cbg74 ,in #adbf he had a safe conduct4 ,he died in ,england soon after #adbf1 leaving1 by his wife ,alicia1 daughter of ,sir ,william ,hay of ,yester1 two sons1 ,william and ,gilbert4 ,,iv4 ,sir ,william ,hay succeeded his grandfather in #adcf1 and was created ,earl of ,errol in the year #adeb-c4 ,he married ,beatrix ,douglas1 daughter of ,james third ,lord ,dalkeith4 ,his brother ,gilbert1 who succeeded his uncle ,william ,hay of ,urry1 had a charter of the lands of ,urry1 in the county of ,kincardine1 #abth ,august #adfg2 and died before ,september #adhg4 ,the ,earl of ,errol1 who died about #adfj1 was succeeded by his eldest son1 ,v4 ,nicholas1 second ,earl of ,errol4 ,he died without issue in #adgj1 and was succeeded by his brother1 ,,vi4 ,william1 third ,earl of ,errol1 who survived till #aejf4 ,this brief view of the ,hays of ,errol1 during the ,fifteenth ,century1 may serve to guide our conjectures in regard to ,sir ,gilbert ,hay4 ,that he was born about the commencement of that century1 we are warranted to assume4 ,there is no evidence of any of the younger sons in the ,errol family1 at this period1 having had the honour of ,knighthood2 and therefore it may be conjectured that he was the son of ,sir ,william ,hay of ,locharret1 one of whose daughters1 ,jane1 was married to ,sir ,alexander ,home of ,dunglas1 who accompanied the ,scotish forces under the ,earl of ,douglas to ,france1 and who lost his life with the ,earl at the ,battle of ,verneuil1 #agth ,august #adbd4 ,it is certain1 at least1 that ,gilbert ,hay received a liberal education1 and he appears to have prosecuted his studies at the ,university of ,st ,andrews1 which was founded in the year #adaa4 ,this we ascertain from the ,acta ,facult4 ,art4 ,univers4 ,s4 ,andre1 where the name ,gylbertus ,hay1 occurs among the ,determinants1 or ,bachelors of ,arts1 in the year #adah4 ,in the following year1 ,gilbertus de ,haya1 ,magister1 is included in the higher degree among the ,licentiates1 or ,masters of ,arts4 ,one of his fellow students was ,william ,turnbull1 who afterwards became successively ,doctor of ,laws1 ,archdean of ,st ,andrews1 ,keeper of the ,privy ,seal1 and ,bishop of ,glasgow2 and who1 about three years before his death1 so honourably distinguished himself by founding the ,college of ,glasgow1 in the year #adeb-c4 ,after taking his ,master's degree at ,st ,andrews1 ,gilbert ,hay proceeded to ,france1 but whether it may have been to complete his education1 or that he was sent on any special mission1 must be left to conjecture4#aj ,it might have been1 that like so many of the younger sons in ,scotish families of rank1 at an early as well as in more recent times1 he had gone abroad to push his fortunes2 and thus1 like ,quentin ,durward1 when first addressing ,louis ,,xi41 he might have said1--,i am ignorant whom ,i may have the honour to address1 but ,i am indifferent who knows that ,i am a cadet of ,scotland2 and that ,i come to seek my fortune in ,france1 or elsewhere1 after the custom of my countrymen4 ,it will be seen that he styles himself ,gilbert of the ,haye1 ,knycht1 ,master in ,arts1 and ,bachelor in ,decreis1--titles expressive of academical distinctions2 and also ,chamberlain umquhile to the maist worthy ,king ,charles of ,france4 ,dr ,mackenzie1 overlooking the obvious meaning of these words in the position of umquhile1 instead of late ,chamberlain to the ,king1 made him ,chamberlain to ,charles ,,vi41 ,king of ,france4 ,but that ,monarch began his reign in #achj1 and died in #adbb1 probably before ,hay had set his foot in ,france4 ,his son1 ,charles ,,vii41 ascended the throne in #adbb1 and survived till #adfa4 ,sir ,walter ,scott1 in ,quentin ,durward1 chapter v41 has given a very graphic account of the ,scotish ,archer ,guard1 which was instituted by ,charles ,,vi41 and consisted of a select number of the ,scotish ,nation1 supplied from the superabundant population of their native country4 ,it is no improbable conjecture1 therefore1 that ,gilbert ,hay may have been one of their number1 and like the imaginary character in the work of fiction referred to1 have thus been brought under the special notice of the ,french ,king1 and in this manner obtained the patronage of ,charles ,,vii4 ,another event that may have contributed to his holding an official appointment in the ,royal ,household1 was the alliance between ,margaret1 eldest daughter of ,james ,i4 of ,scotland1 and the ,dauphin of ,france4 ,this took place in ,july #adcf1 when she was only twelve years of age2 and she was attended by a number of persons of rank1 some of whom remained in her service4 ,be this as it may1 and without attempting to conjecture on what occasion ,hay received the honour of ,knighthood1 we know1 from a passage to be afterwards mentioned1 that he resided in ,france during a period of twenty-four years2 and he may have returned to his native country soon after the death of the youthful ,princess4 ,she died of a broken heart in ,august #adde1 or sixteen years before her husband1 whose character is so ably depicted by ,scott1 had succeeded to the throne under the title of ,louis ,,xi4 ,after ,sir ,gilbert ,hay's return to ,scotland1 we find him residing at ,roslin ,castle with ,sir ,william ,saintclair1 third ,earl of ,orkney1 7a title which he resigned1 in #adef1 for the ,earldom of ,caithness7--a nobleman of great influence and wealth1 who had accompanied the ,princess ,margaret to ,france in #adcf4 ,he was twice married1 his first wife being ,lady ,margaret ,douglas1 daughter of ,archibald fourth ,earl of ,douglas2 and he lived in such a kingly state1 that we are told1 his ,lady had serving her #ge gentlewomen1 whereof #ec were daughters to noblemen1 all cloathed in velvets and silks1 with their chains of gold1 and other pertinents2 together with #bjj rideing gentlemen1 who accompanied her in all her journeys4 ,she had carried before her when she went to ,edinburgh1 if it was darke1 #hj lighted torches4 ,her lodging was att the foot of the ,blackfryer ,wynde3 so that1 in a word1 none matched her in all the country1 save the ,queen's ,majesty4#aa ,we are further told of this ,prince1 ,william ,earl of ,orkney1 that--,in his house he was royally served in gold and silver vessels1 in most princely manner2 for the ,lord ,dirletone was his ,master ,household1 the ,lord ,borthwick was his ,cup-bearer1 and the ,lord ,fleming his ,carver1 under whom1 in time of their absence1 was the ,laird of ,drumlanrig1 surnamed ,stewart1 the ,laird of ,drumelzier1 surnamed ,tweedie1 and the ,laird of ,calder1 surnamed ,sandilands4 ,he had his halls and chambers richly hung with embroidered hangings1 c4 ,in #addf1 he founded the ,collegiate ,church of ,roslin1 that beautiful specimen of architecture1 the ruins of which still excite so much admiration under the popular designation of ,roslin ,chapel4 ,it was at the request of this nobleman that he undertook the translations which are contained in the present volume1 and which bear the date of #adef4 ,sir ,gilbert ,hay1 like some of the persons here named1 was probably connected with this nobleman1 as in the genealogy of that family1 the fifth of the nine daughters of ,henry second ,earl of ,orkney1 is said to have married a ,hay ,earl of ,errol4 ,there is still preserved a curious document entitled ,the ,inventar of the ,goods of ,alexander de ,sutherland of ,dumbethe1 whose daughter ,marjory was the ,countess of ,caithness and ,orkney4#ab ,it includes his ,testament1 and bears to have been made at ,roslin1 the castle of his son-in-law1 on the #aeth ,november #adef1 in the presence of ane hie and mighti ,lord ,william ,earl of ,caithnes and ,orkney1 ,lord ,saintclair1 c41 ,,sir ,,gilbert ,,the ,,haye1 ,sir ,henry ,atkinson1 ,mr ,thomas ,thurberndson 7or ,thornebrande71 ,public ,notar1 c41 with dyvers uthirs4 ,at the end of his numerous legacies and bequests1 there is added1 ,item1 ,i gif and leive my sylar silver colar to ,sir ,gilbert the ,haye1 and he to say for my soul ten ,psalters4#ac ,the long residence of ,sir ,gilbert ,hay in ,france rendered him familiar not only with the language1 but with the current literature of the country4 ,this may have suggested to him1 upon his return to ,scotland1 the propriety of employing himself in translating some of the more remarkable productions of ,french literature1 for the benefit or amusement of his friends4 ,a fortunate discovery of an old ,manuscript volume at ,taymouth ,castle1 and the liberality of the ,noble ,proprietor in communicating it1 brought to light another and a more important undertaking which ,sir ,gilbert ,hay had accomplished1 by rendering the ,metrical ,romance of ,,alexander ,,the ,,great into ,scotish ,verse1 at the request of ,thomas first ,lord ,erskine1 7properly second ,earl of ,mar1 of the name of ,erskine17 who succeeded his father in #adec1 and died in #adid4 ,the ,work extends to upwards of #bj1jjj lines2 but the imperfect state of the ,manuscript1 which exhibits an evidently inaccurate copy of the translation1 added to its great extent1 may possibly keep it from ever being printed entire4 ,but some obscure lines1 introduced by one of the transcribers1 at the close of the volume1 contains the information already alluded to1 of its having been translated at the request of the ,lord ,erskine1 by ,,sir ,,gilbert ,,the ,,hay1 and of his having spent twenty-four years in the service of the ,king of ,france4#ad ,how long ,sir ,gilbert ,hay may have survived can only be conjectured4 ,the ,taymouth ,,ms4 is transcribed from another copy which had apparently been written in the year #adic2 and the mode in which the ,translator is alluded to1 indicates that he had been dead for several years4 ,this serves to corroborate the mention of his name among the deceased ,scotish ,poets who are celebrated by ,dunbar in his ,lament for the ,death of the ,makaris4#ae ,,norton ,,hall1 ,january #ahdg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,buke of ,the ,order of ,knyghthood1 ,translated by ,gilbert of the ,haye knycht4 ,decoration ,,prologus4 ,at the honour and the reuerence of ,god ,almichty his glore and louyng of his prouidence1 the quhilk is souerane lord and syre de toutes choses1 of all thingis in heuyn and in erde1 we begyn here ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,ordre ,,of ,,knychthede3 ffor to schaw1 how be the semblaunce of the hye almychty prince of hevin1 quhilk has dominacioun and seignoury apon the vij planetis of the hevyn1--the quhilkis seuin planetis makis all the courss of the hevyn1 and gouernis the influences celestiales1 and has powere apon the ordinancis of all erdely corporale thingis2 and to schaw1 that as kingis and princis has dominacioun and seignoury here apon all knychtis1 sa suld knychtis haue dominacioun and seignourye subordinate of the princis and lordis behalue1 be semblaunce of syk like figure1 apon the small peple1 to gouerne1 reugle1 and defend thame in all thair necessiteis3 ,the quhilk ,buke is deuidit in sere parties1 as sall efterwart appere be the declaracioun of the chapitres efter folowand4 ,,here ,,folowis ,,the ,,declaracioun ,,of ,,the ,,rubrikis ,,eftir ,,the ,,parties ,,of ,,the ,,buke4 ,the ,fyrst chapitre is1 ,how a bachelere ,squyere of honoure passit till a grete semblee of ,lordis1 at a ,kingis crounyng1 in entencioun to tak the ,ordere of ,knychthede1 and how he forvayit1 and willit in a wilderness quhare thare was ane alde ,knycht duelland in ane hermytage1 that had tane him fra the warld1 to lyue in contemplacioun of ,almychty ,god1 to mend his lyf1 and mak gude end1 etc42 ,and how the worthy anciene ,knycht techit the ,squyere the poyntis of honour and propereteis pertenand to the said ,ordre1 etc4 ,quhat the secund chapitre contenis1 sequitur4-- ,the ,secound chapitre is1 ,how the ,bachelere quhilk suld ressaue that hye ,ordre1 how he suld first lere the pointis and the propereteis of the ,ordre1 before that he tak it1 in the begynnyng4 ,quhat the thrid chapitre contenis4-- ,the ,thrid chapitre contenis1 ,all the said properteis of the noble ,ordre and office of ,knychthede1 as the ,knycht deuisis4 ,quhat the ferde chapitre contenis4-- ,the ,ferde chapitre contenis1 ,the forme of the examinacioun how the ,bachelere ,squyere suld be examynit1 be the faderis of the ,ordre1 before or he ressauit the said ,ordre4 ,quhat the fyft chapitre contenis4-- ,the ,fyft chapitre contenis1 ,how the ,bacheler ,squyer suld ressaue the noble ,ordre1 and the forme and manere tharof1 and of the process of the making of ,knychtis be ordre4 ,quhat the sext chapitre contenis4-- ,the ,sext chapitre contenis1 ,the poyntis of the takenyngis of the blasoun of the signis and seremons custumable to be maid in geving of the said ,ordre1 and all be ordre4 ,quhat the sevynt chapitre contenis4-- ,the ,sevynt chapitre contenis1 ,the gude thewis1 vertues1 and custumes that pertenis to the ,knychtis that honourably wald manetene the foresaid ,ordre of ,knychthede4 ,quhat the auchtand chapitre contenis4-- ,the ,auchtand chapitre contenis1 ,how the said ,ordre suld be haldyn at honour1 and quhat honoure suld be done to thame that beris the said ,ordre1 and has optenyt it with honoure4 ,decoration ,,here ,,begynnys ,,the ,,first ,,chapitre ,,of ,,the ,,buke4 ,the ,autoure of this ,buke rehersis1 ,how it befell in a contree quhare a worthy1 wyse1 anciene ,knycht1 that lang tyme had bene in the exercisioun of honourable weris1 the quhilk1 be the noblesse and the force of his noble and hie curage1 throu grete wisedome and hye gouernaunce1 had auenturit his persone to pursue and manetene justis1 tournaymentis1 and weris1 and throu his gude fortune and prowess1 had optenyt grete honour and glore1 and victorius loving3 ,and efter all this1 as course of nature gevis till all mankynde1 and othir creaturis that in this erde lyf beris1 he1 considerand that this lyf mycht nocht langsumly endure1 bot it behovit nedely tak ane end2 for to make gude end1 and conclusioun to godwart1 and to lyve out of the sicht of tribulacioun and vexacioun of the warld1 and to be at his deuocioun in contemplacioun of his ,creatour3 ,for he sawe that ,god had gevin him largely of his grace1 sufficiandly of warldly honoure and glore2 and that nature in him was sa faillid throu febilness1 that he had nouthir force1 na vertu1 na powere to welde armes as he was wount2 and had deuisit and departit his landis1 gudis1 and heritagis till his barnis1 and ordanyt for all his thingis fynablye1 and chesit to mak his habitacioun in a thik wod of a wilderness1 in a faire haulch1 inclosit within wateris1 and grete treis bath of fruytis and of diuers naturis1 and of herbes1 sa that he was content to flee the sycht and the repaire of the warld3 ,sa that nane that had sene him sa worthily1 honestly1 and honourably1 had euir hidertillis manetenyt sa worthy and hye ,ordere in all worschip1 but lak or dishonestee of his cors1 suld se him in his failit elde1 for fault of powere of naturall strenth1 in syk febilness that he mycht nocht oure him self to gouerne his persone in syk worschip of honestee as he was wount1 that filth of elde schamyt him nocht1 quhill he had gheldit to ,god and nature his naturale dewiteis3 ,and als1 that the vexacioun of the warld gert him nocht abstrak his inclinacioun of contemplacioun and deuocioun fra the contynuale remembraunce that he was determynit in his hert to have of the glorious passioun of ,crist1 the quhilk he traistit1 suld be a targe betuix him and the inymy of mankynde1 in the day of the dredefull jugement1 to sauf him fra the terrible paynis of hell4 ,and as he was walkand a day in ane herbare allane1 in his deuocioun1 in a thik busk of the wod1 quhare there was a grete tree in the myddis1 chargit full of fair fruytis in the sesoun1 the quhilkis he gaderit and held to refresch him with be tymes3 ,and in that herbare1 vnder the saide fruyte tree1 thare was a faire well of water of noble nature1 quhilk in diuers stryndis past throu the herber till othir gardynnis and preaux1 till watere thame in somere for more gudely growth2 in the quhilk herbare the noble ,knycht was custumyt to mak his dayly repaire2 and thare in his contemplacioun1 he maid his secrete orisoun1 zeldand gracis and lovingis to ,almychty ,god1 the makare of the mekle honour and worschip that he had grantit him in this warld1 euermare day of his lyf1 to contynew in sik deuocioun and contemplacioun perpetualy4 ,and sa befell that in the samyn tyme1 befell a grete stormy wyntere1 in the quhilk a worthy ,king had sett and ordanyt a grete assemblee of ,lordis and ,knychtis and worthy men1 for hie1 grete1 and honourable actis to be done1 in the quhilkis mony ghong bachelere squieris proposit thame to be maid knychtis of that worthy ,kingis hand3 ,and sa befell that ane of the lordis sonis of that contree1 quhilk had sett his entent and purpose to tak the ,ordre of ,knychthede at the said assemblee2 and as it hapnyt him to pas throu that contree quhare the noble anciene ,knycht had maid his habitacioun2 ,and forthy that the said ,squier quhilk was ferre trauailit1 for irknes of trauale and waking to cum to the semblee1 he slepit apon his palfray1 and wauerit fra his folk out of the hye way1 sa that he become properly in the samyn forest and wilderness quhare the ,knycht was induelland2 and to the samyn fontayn1 in the herbere thare1 quhare the ,knycht was at his contemplacioun1 in the samyn tyme come the palfray thare to drink at the well4 ,and als sone as that the ,knycht sawe in syk a kynde1 sik ane honourable man1 he left his contemplacioun1 and tuke out a ,buke of his bosum and began to rede4 ,and sone quhen the pallefray put doun his hede in the well for to drynk1 the ,squiere began to wakyn of his slepe1 and wist nocht quhare he was becummyn1 and than rais vp the worthy anciene ,knycht1 and comit till him to spere of his effere2 the quhilk quhen the ghong ,squiere saw sa hare and alde1 with a lang berde1 and langar syde hyngand hare1 quhite as the snawe1 with a syde goun1 alde and bare of wolle1 and euill farand1 with mony holis ryvin and rent1 for grete age of wering1 and for the grete waking and deuocioun and penitence that he had tane till him in that desert1 and the greting that he maid for his trespass of ghouthede1 he was worthin rycht lene1 pale and wan1 with hevy chere1 and holl eyne1 sa that be semblance his behalding was lyke to be as of a haly man and of godly lyf4 ,sa that grete maruaill had thai ilkane of othir1 ffor sen the ,knycht hed left the warld1 to duell thare in that desert1 he had nocht sene na man in all that tyme4 ,and the ghong ,squyere had mare grete maruaill1 how he was hapnyt thare1 and of the grete maruailouss maner of the worthy man2 quhilk be his feris and port semyt till have bene a man of grete valoure3 ,and with that he lichtit doun of his pallefray1 and salust the noble ,knycht1 quhilk gheldit him agayne his reuerence and ressauit him graciously1 and gert him sytt doun in the herbere1 and reyne his horse1 and rest him2 and lang tyme beheld him in the visage1 to se gif he wold aucht say4 ,bot the ,squyere1 quhylk maruailit mekle of the efferis of the ,knycht1 for the grete worthynes that him thocht apperit in his visage1 and maneris1 he deferrit till him to moue first speche1 as to do him reuerence for honour and age4 ,and thus the worthy ,knycht spak first1 sayand1 ,faire frende1 quhat is the cause of ghoure cummyng here in this wildernes8 ,and fra quhyn ar ghe cummyn1 and quhare wald ghe be8 ,and than ansuerd the ghong ,bachelere1 sayand1 ,certes ,sir1 thare is a grete renoun gangand in ferre contreis of a grete assemblee1 and rycht honourable1 that suld be maid in this land be ane of the maist worthy ,kingis that is in the warld3 quhare grete multitude of honourable and worthy men suld assemble1 for honourable actis to be done1 and thare suld the said ,king mak mony new knychtis1 be cause that he him self has entencioun to be maid knycht thare1 in the samyn tyme2 and thus for honour of the worthy ,prince and of his new knychthede1 ,i and otheris drawis togedir to se thai honourable actis1 and1 ,god willand1 to be maid knycht of his hand thare4 ,and be caus that ,i tuke grete journeis be the way cummand1 my pallefray1 throu his soft passing1 gave me curage to slepe1 as man fordouerit1 and sa bade behynd my company1 and wanderit sa in this wilderness1 vnwittand quhare1 quhill my hors1 in this haulch1 heldit to drynk4 ,than ar ghe1 said the worthy ,knycht rycht welcum here4 ,bot quhen the noble worthy man herd him speke of the hye and noble ,ordere of ,knychthede1 and of the propereteis that till it appertenis1 he gave a sare sob1 with a grete siche1 that vness mycht he speke lang tyme eftir2 rememberand of the grete honoure that he had bene in1 manetenand the saide ,ordre of sa lang tyme4 ,and quhen the ,squyere saw him fall in syk a thocht1 be manere of ane extasy1 he sperit at him1 ,quhat movit him to muse sa mekle on his wordis8 ,and than the worthy anciene ,knycht ansuerd him1 sayand1 ,that his thocht was on the hye and worthy ,ordre of ,knychthede that he had spoken of1 and on the grete charge that a knycht vndergais quhen he vndertakis that noble and worschipfull ,ordre of ,knychthede4 ,and than said the said ,squiere1 ,that gif he coud oucht teche him of the poyntis that mycht pertene to the said ,ordere1 for the honour and reuerence of ,god1 that he wald teche him4 ,and with that the said ,knycht blenkit vp1 sayand1 ,o faire sone1 how art thou sa bald to sett thee to tak that forenamyt ,ordere bot first thou knew the poyntis belangand the gouernaunce and manetenaunce of it1 and the maner how it suld be kepit1 gouernyt1 and manetenyt in honoure and worschip1 as efferis1 eftir the ordinaunce of ,god3 ffor thare suld nane be sa hardy to tak that hye honourable ,ordre bot he war first worthy be the sicht of a prince thare till4 ,and syne that coud the poyntis and the articlis that to the said ,ordre appertenis1 and to knaw bath the meritis and the prowess of the ,ordre2 and rycht sa the defaultis that a knycht may mak till his ,ordre2 nathare suld na knycht mak ane othir bot first he himself coud thai poyntis1 techingis1 and documentis1 to teche thame to the vassall or bachelere1 that he thocht to mak a knycht of3 ffor he is misordanyt and vnworthy knycht that makis knychtis nocht knawand the propereteis of the said ,ordre1 to teche to thame that he gevis the ,ordre till the custumys and documentis that till it appertenis4 ,and then said the ,sqyuare1 ,faire fader1 sen it is sa that as ,i traist ghe knaw the propereteis and custumes of the said ,ordre1 that ghe wald1 of ghour gudelynes1 teche me and informe of the documentis and propereteis belangand to the said ,ordre of ,knichthede2 ffor ,i haue gude hope in ,god1 that for the traist that ,i haue thairto1 ,i sulde lere besily and wele all the perfectioun of the said ,ordre4 ,and than ansuerd the ,knycht1 sayand1 ,faire sone1 sen it is sa that thou has sa gude will to lere the reuglis and the documentis belangand the said ,ordre1 ,i sall len th a lytill ,buke quharein all the reuglis and the ordynaunce of all the poyntis and documentis that pertenis to the said ,ordre ar writin2 in the quhilk ,buke1 ,i rede wele oft1 and takis consolatioun1 of the mekle honoure1 worschippis1 and worthynes that to the said ,ordre appertenis1 and of the grete grace that ,god hes gevin me in this erde to be sa happy till haue gouernyt sa1 but lak1 the said ,ordre1 that all my grace and gude auenture throw it ,i hadand rycht sa ,i honourit it1 and did all my powere to manetene it1 and kepe it in worschip1 but repruf2 for rycht as ,knycht1 be his ,ordre1 takis bath of ,god and man honoure1 worschip1 and warldly prouffit1 rycht sa he is behaldyn till gouerne1 kepe1 and manetene his ,ordre in all honoure1 worschip1 and reuerence vndefoulit4 ,and than delyuerit the ,knycht the ,buke to the ,bachelere2 in the quhilk quhen he had red a lytill space1 he hevit vp his handis to the hevyn1 and lovit ,almychti ,god that had gevin him the grace to cum that way1 in the tyme that he was sa wele fortunyt to haue knaulage of the poyntis1 techingis1 and properteis of the said ,ordre1 and reuglis that till it appertenit1 the quhilk ,i have lang tyme mekle desyrit to knawe4 ,and than said the ,knycht1 ,faire sone1 thou sall tak this ,buke with th to the ,court1 for sen ,i am bath alde and wayke1 and may nocht trauaill to schaw the reuglis1 and documentis1 and propereteis of the said ,ordre to thame that desyris thame1 that ar with the ,king1 thou sall geve the copy of this said ,buke till all men that desyris it2 and thou sall hecht me1 quhen thou art doubbit ,knycht1 thou sall cum this way agayne this1 and tell me quhat ,knychtis salbe maid thare1 and all the manere of thair making1 and how the ,king and the new ,knychtis takis in thank this ,buke of the reuglis and documentis of the said ,ordre2 and quha askis the copy of it4 ,and thus tuke the ,bachelere his leve at the ,knycht1 and the ,knycht his benedictioun1 and sa lap on his horse1 and passit on1 quhill he met with his mengh2 and sa to the ,kingis palace2 and did his devoyr in gouernement of his persone rycht worthily1 and gave the copy till all maner of noble man that wald desyre till have it3 the quhilk ,buke the ,king lovit mekle1 and prisit1 and all the lordis1 and held it rycht dere4 ,decoration ,,secundum ,,capitulum4 ,,here ,,folowis ,,the ,,secund ,,chapitre1 ,,that ,,spekis ,,of ,,the ,,poyntis ,,of ,,the ,,ordre ,,that ,a ,,bachelere ,,squiere ,,suld ,,lere1 ,,or ,,he ,,tak ,,the ,,forenamyt ,,ordre4 ,in the tyme that cheritee1 leautee1 justice1 and veritee was failit in the warld1 than began crueltee1 vnlautee1 injure and falsetee3 and than was errour and distrublaunce in the warld2 in the quhilk warld ,god had maid man to duelle to trowe in him1 serue him1 honoure him1 loue him1 and dout him3 ,bot first quhen despising of justice come in the warld1 and than was syk mysreugle and misgouernaunce in the warld amang the peple for fault of justice1 that for to gere the reugle of gude gouernaunce cum agayn with force and drede of awe1 the peple gert chess a ,man amang a thousand1 the quhilk was maist wise1 maist stark and sturdy1 and best of gouernaunce1 maist godlyke1 and full of grete leautee1 and of maist nobless1 maist curageus1 and best techit in vertues2 and ay of ilke thowsand of the peple thare was syk a man chosyn to be chiftane of the laue1 and to gouerne thame1 and be thaire ledare3 ,and syne thai inquerit and soucht quhat beste was maist worthy1 maist stark and sturdy1 and maist swift rynnand1 and maist hable to mannis service1 and behove1 and thareto was chosyn the ,horse2 for the maist worthy and convenable and best rynnand1 and maist hable for mannis service2 and that hors was ordanyt to that chose ,man to ryde upon2 and eftir the ,hors the ,knycht1 ane of his namys1 that in ,franche is callit ,cheualier1 that is to say1 ,hors man1 and be the tothir significacioun1 that is callit ,miles2 that cummys of this foresaid caus1 that he was in thai tymes a man chosyn be the prince and the peple of ilke thousand men1 the worthiest to be thair ,chiftane and ,gouernoure in were1 and thaire ,protectour in tyme of pes4 ,and thus quhen he was in thai tymes chosyn amang a thousand1 ane of maist vertu1 and worthiest to be a gouernour of the laue2 and syne the maist worthy and noble beste of the warld chosin to bere him1 that he suld nocht ga on fut3 syne eftir ordaynyt thai that the maist noble and worthy armoure suld be deuisit and maid to thai ,knychtis to kepe thair persouns in hele fra strakis of thair inymyeis1 and fra the dede2 and thare was he enarmyt and sett upon the hors and maid ,chiftane and ,gouernour of a thowsand persouns vnder him2 and thus was ,knychthede first ordanyt and maid4 ,and thar fore all ,knychtis suld think apon thair worthy and noble begynnyng1 and the propereteis and causis thar of2 and sett him sa that he haue als noble a curage in him self as suld effere to the ,noble ,ordre1 that he ressauis in virtueis1 and in gude thewis1 and worthynes of condiciouns1 sa that his worthy condiciouns and vertewis accorde to the begynnyng that is sa noble2 ffor and he do the contrair1 he is inymy till his ,ordre1 and syk men suld nocht be ressauit to the ,ordre that ar inymyes tharetill4 ,na suld nane be maid ,knychtis that had contrarius condiciouns to that worthy and noble ,ordre3 he suld haue lufe and drede in him till ,god1 and till his ,prince1 agains haterent and despising2 and rycht as he suld lufe and drede ,god1 and his ,lord and ,prince1 sa suld he ger him self be dred and lufit of his folk1 bathe be nobless of curage1 and gude thewis1 and gude custumes1 thinkand apon the hye honoure and worschip that is gevin till him1 that is sa hye and sa noble ane office1 and of sik worschip1 that the condiciouns1 and the nobless of the ,ordre1 suld be accordand togeder3 ,sa that throu the grete honour of his electioun1 first1 that be the prince and the people1 is chosin amang a thousand for the maist worthy1 and syne the maist noble and worthy armouris put on him1 and syne the maist noble and worthy beste that was in the world gevin and ordanyt him to ryde on1 and otheris to gang on sut besyde him2 than aucht he wele to lufe and drede ,god1 and his ,prince that sendis him that hye honour and worschip2 and syne he aw wele to mak syk cause throu nobless of curage and gude custumes1 that he be lufit and dred of the peple2 sa that be lufe he conquest charitee1 and be drede he conquest lautee and justice3 ,and thus all ,knycht suld haue in him thir foure thingis1 that is to say1 charitee and gude thewis1 lautee and justice1 and suld excede otheris in nobless of vertues as he does in nobless of honouris4 ,and alssua1 in samekle as man is mare worthy1 mare curageus1 and vertuous1 and mare wit and vnderstanding has na womman1 and of mair stark nature1 in samekle is he better na womman1 or ellis nature war contrary till it self2 that bountee and beautee of curage suld folowe bountee1 and beautee1 and nobless of cors2 and thus sen a man is mare hable till haue mare noble curage1 and to be better na womman1 in samekle is he mare enclynit to be tempit to vice na is the womman1 ffor he is mare hardy vndertakare1 bathe in gude and euill1 opynly2 and in samekle has he mare meryt till abstene him fra vicis na has the womman1 that is of wayke nature3 and tharfore ilke man suld be war that wald enter in the foresaid ,ordre2 and wit wele first quhat he dois1 ffor he takis thare a grete honoure1 maryte with a grete seruitute2 that is to say1 a grete thrillage that he mon ressaue with the ,ordre1 to be thrall to the condiciouns1 propereteis1 and custumes that appertenis to the said ,ordre1 and to the frendis of the said ,ordre3 ffor quhy1 that in samekle that a man has mare noble creacioun and begynning1 and mare has of honour1 in samekle is he mare thrall1 and bounde to be gude and agreable to ,god1 and till him that dois him that honoure4 ,and gif he be of wikkit and euill lyf of tyranny and crimynous lyfing1 he is contrarius and inymy of the ,ordre1 and rebellour to the commandementis of honour4 ,for the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 be the caus that it is maid and ordanyt for1 is sa noble of it self1 that the ,princis war nocht anerly content1 and the peple to ches the maist noble man of ligny1 and to geue him the maist noble armouris1 and syne sett him on the maist noble and curageus beste for mannis vse4 ,bot sen thai ordanyt him to be a lorde3 ,bot quhat vnderstandis thou redare be a lorde8 ,a man is nocht a lord supposs he haue neuer sa mekle of warldly gudis3 bot he is a lord that has seignoury and jurisdictioun vpon other men1 to gouerne thame1 and hald law and justice apon thame quhen thai trespass4 ,in the quhilk lordschip thare is sa mekle nobless1 and in seruitude thare is sa mekle subjectioun1 bondage1 and thrillage1 that grete difference is betuene1 and than suld thare be alsmekle difference in the personis1 as thare is difference betuix the twa estatis3 ,for and a man tak the ,ordere of ,knychthede1 and he be villaine of his condiciouns1 and wykkit of lyf1 he dois grete injure to all his subjectes that he has vnder him in gouernaunce1 that ar gude folk and symple1 and mekle seruis punycioun for cruell and wickit lyf that tyrane lordis ar of1 to the peple1 makis tham mare worthy to be bondis bound1 na to be lordis of the peple of ,god1 off the quhilkis thai mon ghelde a strayte compt a day1 quhilk efferis to the ,prince to punys1 be the counsale of thame that gude and worthy ,knychtis ar1 ffor vnworthy war1 that thai war callit ,knychtis1 and here the name and the honoure of that hye ,ordre that wyrkis in the contrair1 destroyand and vndoand the peple of ,god1 that thai ar chosin be electioun1 and oblist to defend1 and for that caus has thair lordschippis to gouerne the peple of ,god3 ffor nocht anerly the chesing and electioun to the ,ordre1 na the noble hors1 na armouris1 na gouernaunce1 na lordschip1 thame thocht nocht anerly1 was sufficiand to the worthynes of that noble and worschipfull ,ordre till hald it at honour2 bot thai ordanyt him a ,squier1 and a varlet ,page to be euer contynualy at his bidding and seruice in all placis thare he war1 to tak kepe till him1--the ,squiar to gang with him at his bidding1 the ,page to kepe his ,hors4 ,and ordanyt the peple to labour the ground1 to graith lyfing for the ,knychtis and ,nobles that war thair gouernouris and protectouris1 and to thair hors and seruandis2 the quhilkis was excusit to nocht laboure1 bot to rest thame euer betuix dedis of armes and actis honourable1 at hunting and hauking1 and othir disportis1 and to gouerne and kepe passibles the labouraris1 and sauf thame fra fors and wrang1 sa that clerkis mycht pesably study in sciencis1 men of kirk vake in ,goddis seruice1 merchandis in thair marchandice1 and othir craftis wirkand at lordis deuiss4 ,and thus quhen clerkis studyis in sciencis1 how men suld be techit to knawe1 lufe1 and serue ,god1 and doubt1 and to geue gude ensample of doctrine to the lawit peple to rycht sa do1 for the honour and reuerence of ,almychtie ,god in deuocioun and gude lyf4 ,rycht sa apon the tothir part1 quhen ,knychtis ar maid be ,princis1 thai suld sett thame with gude virtues and gude ensamplis and nobless of curage1 and othir wayis gif nede war be force of armes to manetene1 gouerne and defend the small peple in all justice and equitee1 in lufe and drede both of ,god and of the ,prince as is before recomptit1 be the quhilkis thai suld throu lufe haue contynuale charitee amang tham1 and be the drede thai suld stand awe to do oucht ilkane till othir wrang1 or wikkitness2 and here atour as the clerkis techis thair scoleris to the sculis of sciencis of clergy1 sa suld a gude ,knycht teche his barnis the nobless of the poyntis and propereteis of chyualrie2 and that suld be done in thair ghouthede3 ,and first and formast a ,knycht suld lere his sone to be doctryned in vertues1 and syne suld he be doctrinyt and techit to ryding in his ghouthede1 or ellis he sall neuer be gude rydare2 and ay as he cummys till elde1 that he lere to gouerne hors and armouris2 and that he be seruand to sum lord1 and vse him in armes lang or he tak the ,ordre1 ffor vnworthy war he suld be a lord or a maister that knew neuer quhat it is to be a seruand1 ffor he may neuer wele tak na knawe the suetenes that it is to be the lord1 bot gif he had sum knaulage of the sourness that it is1 and payne to a gude hert1 to be ane vnderlout or a seruand4 ,and tharfore war he neuer sa grete a lordis sone appertenand to be lord1 he war the better that in ghouthede sum lord that he seruit to kerue before him1 to serue in chaumer1 till arme a lord1 till ouresee his hors1 that thai war wele gouernyt and grathit1 to haunt armouris1 to ryn a spere1 to excercise wapnis1 and othir habiliteis of honour quhilk appertenis to nobless1 and namely1 thai suld be techit and doctrinyt be a ,knycht thay ghong lordis sonis that thocht to be knychtis1 ffor rycht as it war nocht semand till a ghong man that wald lere to be a man of craft1 suld lere at ane othir that war nocht of the craft1 sa is it vnsemand that lordis sonis that wald be in the maist noble ,ordre of ,knychthede suld sett thame to lere the documents and propereteis of the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 bot at thame that war expert in the knaulage of virtues and gude thewis honourable that to the said ,ordre apperteins2 the quhilkis ar vnknawable till ignoraunt and vnworthy personis2 ffor the grete nobless of the said ,ordre may nocht ferd at keping of hors na justis na tournaymentis1 na ghit to haunt na duell with lordis1 na knychtis in company1 to pas in weris na in bataillis4 ,bot it war rycht expedient that thare war deuisit1 and ordanyt be the ,prince1 scolis of doctrinyng and teching of the noble poyntis and properteis that efferis to that hye and worthy ,ordre till ghong lordis barnis that war lykly to cum to perfectioun4 ,and that the knawlage thar of ware writtin in bukis be wys men of knaulage1 that knewe and had experience tharof1 sa that ignorant ghong lordis barnis mycht first lere the science be study and speculacioun1 and syne efter thai mycht1 quhen thai come eldar1 lere the practik of the ,ordre1 be conuersacioun1 as to pas to diuers justis and tournaymentis1 to diuers realmes1 in diuers voyagis and battaillis1 sa mycht thai haue the pratyk with the science2 ffor vile thing is1 to bere office or ordre1 and nocht to knawe the gouernaunce tharof throu wilfull ignorance2 ffor war nocht the sculis of clergy1 mony errouris and ignorauncis war in the warld mare na thare is4 ,bot sen thare is na sculis of cheualrye1 quhat maruaill is thouch thare be mony ,knychtis vnwytty2 ffor war all ,knychtis and clerkis but errour1 than wald thai be till all the laue of the warld a gude myroure1 and than suld ilkane drede to do wrangis and injuris till othir3 ,and sen thir tua thingis gouernis and manetenis all this warld--the tane the ,spiritualitee1 the tother the ,temporalitee2 and thare is sa mony sculis in sere contreis of sciencis of clergy1 and nocht ane that men wate of the nobil ,ordre of ,cheualrye1 than ar the gouernouris and manetenouris of the said ,ordre1 to blame in thair awin proffit and honour1 quhare sa grete nede is1 to be sa negligent4 ,quharfor the ,autour of this ,buke prayis and requeris1 and mekely makis supplicacioun to the ,magestee ,ryall1 and till all the company of the ,nobless and ,chyualrye of the ,realme1 that thai assemble thame togidder1 and mak reformacioun of this grete fault that is maid to the ,noble ,ordre1 and the grete wrang that is done till it1 in the fault of doctrine and teching of the poyntis and propereteis of ,noblesse1 etc4 ,decoration ,,tertium ,,capitulum4 ,,how ,,sen ,,the ,,doctoure ,,has ,,declarit ,,in ,,sum ,,part ,,the ,,poyntis ,,of ,,the ,,ordre ,,with ,,the ,,propereteis ,,and ,,condiciouns1--,,now ,,lykis ,,it ,,him ,,to ,,speke ,,of ,,the ,,office ,,that ,,followis ,,the ,,said ,,ordre3-- ,that is to say1 to quhat purpos it was ordanyt--to quhat fyne--and quhat entencioun3 ,and how gif ,knychtis vss nocht thair office1 thai ar contrarius to thair ,ordre1 and to the begynning of thair awin making3 ffor the quhilk caus he is nocht veray ,knycht in dede1 supposs he bere the name2 ffor sik ,knychtis ar mare villayns na is outhir smyth1 wrycht1 or masoun1 that dois thair craft1 as thai ar techit1 and tharefor to schaw the poyntis of the ,ordre is grete meryt to thame that wate it nocht3 the quhilkis he declaris here efterwart2 and first and formast1 ,knychthede was ordanyit to manetene and defend ,haly ,kirk1 and the ,faith1 for the quhilk ,god1 the ,fader of ,hevyn1 send his ,sone in this warld1 to tak in him oure humanitee1 fleschly inumbrit1 and incarnate in the glorious ,virgyne ,mary1 his suete moder1 be the joyfull message brocht till hir be the angel ,gabriel2 and fyne for our sakis1 and to synde vs of the origynale syn1 and to geve vs eternale lyf1 tuke dede and passioun here1 with grete dispising vilaynous1 to geue vs ensample and informacioun how we suld reule oure lyfing here3 ,quhilk ordanyt all writtis for oure teching and doctrine2 and all his werkis and dedis here1 he did for oure ensample and enformyng1 to multiply his faith4 ,and thus1 rycht as he has chosin to growe and manetene his fayth1 the worthi and wys clerkis to hald scolis1 and ilkane to teche othir be the haly wryttis of prophecies and of lawis aganis the inymyes of the ,faith3 ,rycht sa the hye glorious ,god chesit ,knychtis to be his campiouns1 sa that the unworthy mystrowaris and rebellouris agaynis his faith mycht be throu thame chastisit1 be force of armes to vencuss and ourecum his inymyes1 the quhilkis every day forss thame at thair powar to put doun the fayth of ,haly ,kirk1 and thir ,knychtis that thus occupyis thame in the defense of his rychtis ar callit his ,knychtis of ,honour in this warld1 and in the tothir1 that defendis the ,haly ,kirk and the ,cristyn ,faith1 quhilk is oure saule hele and salvacioun4 ,and tharefore ,knychtis that has faith and baptesme in him1 and usis nocht the vertues and properteis of the faith1 ar contrarius till otheris that kepis the faith1 evyn as a man that ,god hes gevin till resoun1 and discrecioun1 and he dois evyn the contrary4 ,thus he that has faith1 and kepis it nocht1 is contrarius till himself1 for he wald be sauf1 and gais nocht the hye gate till his salvacioun3 ffor quhy1 his will discordis with his witt1 and ledis it the way of mystreuth1 that is agayne his salvacioun1 and ledis him to the way of eternale dampnacioun2 and syk men takis the office and ordre1 mare to be prisit and honourit in this warld1 na for any prouffit that thai think to do to ,god1 na to thair ,prince that gave thame the office4 ,bot the maist noble officeris and ordres in this erd ar office and ordre of ,clerkis and of ,knychtis1 and the best lufe in this erde is ay betuix thame2 and tharfore rycht as ,clergy was nocht ordanyt to be agayn the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 bot to honoure it1 and thame that worthily beris it1 sa suld ,knychtis nocht be aganis the haly ordre and office of ,clergy1 to manetene worschip and defend it1 aganis the rebellouris and euill willaris of the ,kirk1 that are callit ,sonis of ,iniquitee1 as thai ar oblist in taking of the said ,ordre of ,knychthede3 ffor a man is nocht anerly oblist to lufe his ordre1 bot he is oblist with that to lufe thame that be othir ordres vnder his awin lord2 for to lufe his ordre1 and nocht to lufe the caus that his ordre is ordanyt for2 ffor syk lufe is nocht ordere lyke1 ffor ,god has ordanyt nane ordre vnder him to be contrair till ane othir2 and as to that thare is ordres of religious that few of thame lufis ane othir1 and ghit lufis well thair awin ordre2 bot that is nocht the rycht ordre of lufe and charitee1 that suld be in religious3 ,and rycht sa a ,knycht suld nocht samekle lufe his awin ordre1 that he myslufe othere ordres1 ffor that war aganis ,god1 and gude faith2 ffor the ,ordre of ,knychthede is sa hye1 that quhen a ,king makis a knycht1 he sulde mak him lord and governour of grete landis and contreis1 efter his worthines1 and all ,knychtis suld think that there is a ,lord and syre aboue all knychtis1 ffor the honour of quham thai ar all made ,knychtis for to do his will1 and serue him fyrst1 and syne thair temporale lordis4 ,item1 the ,emperour aw to be ,knycht1 in significance that he is ,lord and syre of all ,knychtis in temporalities3 ,and becaus that the ,emperour may nocht mak na gouerne all ,knychtis1 thare was ordanyt ,kingis1 to be subordinate persons1 next efter ,emperouris1 to gouerne realmes and contreis the quhilkis suld alssua be knychtis1 sa that thai may mak knychtis1 ffor na man may mak knychtis bot he be ,knycht before1 sauffand the ,pape3 alssua all kingis suld have vnder thame ,dukkis and ,princis1 ,erllis and ,vicountes1 and ,vauvassouris and ,barouns2 and vnder the ,barouns ,knychtis of a schelde1 the quhilkis suld gouerne thame be the ordynance of the ,barouns that ar in the hyare degree of ,knychthede1 before namyt3 ,and that gerris he him multiply knychtis in takenyng that na ,king1 bot he may na can gouerne all the generalitee of ,knychtis in erd1 ffor thare is nouthir ,emperoure1 na ,king1 that can1 na may in his regne gouerne all his subditis but help of his ,knychtis3 bot the ,king of ,glore can wele allane but othir power1 na of his awin vertu and majestie1 can and may gouerne and reugle all this erde1 and all the hevin1 at his awin plesaunce1 the quhilk is ane anerly ,god allane in ,trinitee and ,vnitee2 and tharfor wald he nocht that ony ,knycht allane mycht mak a knycht that suld gouerne all the knychtis of this warld bot he allane2 and tharfore ordanyt he in this warld mony of ,knychtis to be1 that his ,magestee may the better be knawin1 and that ,kingis and ,princis suld mak officeris vnder thame of ,knychtis4 ,and forthy dois a ,king or a ,prince grete wrang to the ,ordre of ,knychthede quhen he makis othir sereffis1 baillies1 or prouostis of othir lawlyar men na knychtis2 ffor than ar ,kingis and ,princis caus of the abusioun of the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 quhilk was ordanyt for sik caus3 ffor that ,ordre was ordanyt to be substitute till ,princis and ,kingis1 apon the gouernement of the peple1 as maist worthy and maist honourable for sik gouernaunce of small peple2 and aboue thame ,dukis1 ,erllis1 and ,barouns2 and aboue thai ,kingis and ,princis2 and aboue ,princis and ,kingis allenerlye ,emperouris and ,papis4 ,and thus suld the warld be gouvernyt be commoun reugle of gouernance1 sauffand ,kingis that ar priuilegit or prescribit in thaire power imperiale3 and thus ,knychthede is the hyest temporale ,ordre that is in the warld2 but nocht the hiest office3 ffor ,kingis and ,emperouris is nocht ,ordre1 bot it is office2 be the quhilk office thai precell aboue all othir officis of temporalitee1 as ,dukis1 ,countes1 ,marquis1 ,vauvasour1 ,baroun1 and ,knychtis2 and supposs1 of all officis of honourabilitee1 the ,knychtis office be the lawast office of dignitee vnder ,imperiale or ,ryale magestee1 neuertheles the ,ordre is hyest and maist honourable2 ffor quhy1 that all ,emperouris and ,kingis aw to bere that ,ordre1 or ellis thair dignitee is nocht perfyte1 ffor ellis may thai mak na ,knychtis4 ,and be honourabilitee of the ,ordre of ,knychthede grete honour is ordanyt be the lawis to do to ,knychtis1 and be nobless of honour that is put till him1 he suld haue nobless of vertues1 and worthyness in his curage2 be the quhilk nobless of curage he suld be less inclynit till all wikkitness1 and all vicis of barat1 and trechery1 and othir villain condiciouns1 na ony othir persone4 ,the office alssua of ,knychthede aw to defend his naturale ,lord1 and manetene him2 ffor a ,king is bot a man allane but his men2 and but tham thare may na ,king gouerne1 na deffend his peple1 na ghit nane othir ,lord1 ffor thai ar bot synglere persons2 and thus1 gif ony man be aganis the ,magestee or othir ,lordis of the temporalitee1 the ,knychtis suld help him to defend and manetene his rychtis4 ,bot commonly ane euill wikkit ,knycht takis party contrair with a ,kingis subditis agayne himself1 ffor he wald haue his ,lord put doun1 that he mycht haue sum part of the lordschip2 bot than wirkis he agayne his awin ordre1 and office that he is ordaynit for2 that is ane1 the faith of ,jhesu ,crist2 ane othir1 his natural ,lord2 the third1 the peple in thair richtis3 ffor the ,knychtis ar adettit to manetene and defend justice2 ffor rycht as a juge has powar be his office to juge and geue a sentence1 rycht sa has he poware to kepe his jugementis fra fors and fra wrang and violence1 in excercisioun and in execucioun of his jugement and sentence4 ,and becaus that till jugement of caus pertenis wele wisdome and discrecioun of ,clergy to knaw the lawis1 it is a noble thing quhen ,knychthede and ,clergy is assemblit togedir1 sa that ,knychtis war clerkis and wele letterit men1 sa that thai war the mare sufficiand to be jugis be the knaulage of science of lawis1 ffor than war thare na man mare worthy na hable till to be a juge1 na a ,knycht clerk3 ffor bot science of ,clergy to knaw the lawis1 thare is na man worthy to bere office of justice4 ,knychtis suld be wele ryddin1 and in ghouthede lere to be wele ryddin1 on destrellis and courseris1 till haunte justis and tournaymentis1 to hald ,table ,round1 to hunt and hauk at hert and hynde1 daa and raa1 bere and baare1 loup and lyoun1 and all sik honourable plesauncis1 and sa mayntenand the office and the ,ordre of ,knychthede worthily3 ,and as all thir propereteis before said pertenis till a ,knycht1 as to the habilnes of his corps1 rycht sa is thare othir propereteis pertenand to the saule2 as justice1 force1 prudence1 and temperaunce1 charitee and veritee1 lautee and humilitee1 faith1 esperaunce1 subtilitee1 agilitee1 and with all othir vertues touchand to wisdome1 appertenis till him1 as to the saule2 and forthy1 when a ,knycht has all strenthis and habiliteis that appertenis to the corps1 and has nocht thame that appertenis to the saule1 he is nocht verray ,knicht1 bot is contrarius to the ,ordre1 and inymy of ,knichthede3 ffor than it war lyke that ,knychthede war contrarius to the saule behufe2 the quhilk is fals1 ffor the principale caus of the ,ordre is to the manetenaunce of the ,cristyn faith1 and of all vertues1 and inymy to vicis4 ,item1 ,office of ,knychtis is to manetene and gouerne landis and policy1 and to defend thame2 ffor the raddour and the drede that the peple has of the ,knychtis1 thai byde apon thair craftis and labouragis1 and grathis lyfing for the ,lordis1 for dout to be vndone1 destroyit1 and desertit2 and thus ar the ,kingis dred for the ,knychtis4 ,and thare1 sais the ,doctour1 that a fals ,knycht1 that will nocht help to defend his ,king and his ,lord naturale1 is lyke faith bot gude charitable workis1 or ,knychthede tume and idill bot office1 or heretike aganis the faith4 ,and thus a fals ,knycht that is vntrewe1 that dois nocht the bidding of his ,prince1 and is contrarius till his biddingis and opyniouns1 dois grete wrang to the ,knychtis that fechtis to the dede for justice1 and for the faith1 and for his ,prince1 and his naturale ,lord1 and is worthy to be punyst vtterly3 ffor thare is na ,ordre na office that is maid bot it may be vnmaid1 or ellis ,goddis mycht war bot small2 and than1 sen the ,ordre of ,knychthede was ordanyt be ,god ,almychty1 and gouernyt and manetenyt be thame that beris the said ,ordre1 gif thai that suld gouerne the said ,ordre1 and manetene it1 misgouernys it1 and dois the contraire1 the ,ordre is lytill behaldyn to thame1 ffor thai vndo the ,ordre4 ,and thus the wikkit ,king vndois nocht anerly the ,ordere of ,knychthede in himself1 bot alssua he vndois it in his ,knychtis quhen he gerris thame do aganis the ,ordre1 outhir be euill ensample that he gevis thame1 doand thingis that ar aganis the said ,ordre1 or be flatery that thai mak to thair wikkit maister1 and fals suggestioun to ger thame be lufit of him1 knawand that he is euill sett and will redily trow euill talis4 ,and all thus gif it be euill done1 to gerr a ,knycht be misgouernyt1 and mysfarne throu euill gouernaunce4 ,it is mekle were done to misgouerne mony ,knychtis1 as thir wikkit princis dois1 that all the charge of the misgouernaunce of all the ,knychtis of his realme is be his default and negligence1 or that thai be sa wikkit in thame self1 that thai geve him vnworthy counsale1 to do apon his subjectis extorsiouns1 be wikkitness of tyrannye1 or of barate or trechery1 tresone to thair naturale lordis1 or vnleautee till his subditis1 be force of thair wikkit curage2 and than is syk a ,prince mekle to prise and to love1 that knawis syk trychouris1 and trompouris and vnworthy traytouris1 that beris waste name of ,knychthede1 that wald counsale him1 and tyce him to forffet and vndo the worthy and noble ,ordre of ,knychthede1 that he has sa honourably tane1 and worthily hydertillis has manetenyt2 mekle honour and worschip is in his curage of the ,prince that sa dois1 and mekle suld be lufit with thame that beris the ,ordre worthily1 quhen he takis sik vengeaunce of the inymyes of the ,ordre1 that throu thair wikkit counsale wald corrumpe his noble curage4 ,item1 the ,order of ,knychthede standis in the corage1 and nocht in the corssage1 ffor ellis war the ,ordre litill worth2 ffor quhy8 ,a lytill persone may quhilum throu habilitee of corps oure cum a mekle1 and tak him1 and enprisone him4 ,bot a thousand men1 suppos thai be neuer sa stark1 may nocht oure cum na vencus a gude ,knychtis curage4 ,and thus is the ,ordre of ,knychthede mare worthily in the curage na in the corssage1 ffor ellis war nocht that the ,knychthede accordit better to the body na to the saule4 ,and be that1 the vnworthy cowartis ,knychtis that fleis in bataillis fra thair lordis ar nocht worthy to be callit ,knychtis1 na to bere the honour that to worthy knychtis efferis1 ffor thai drede mare the distroublaunce and maless of thair corssage1 na the honoure and worschip of thair curage that appertenis to the ,ordre of ,knychthede of rycht4 ,and thus nobless of curage is better pertenand to ,knychtis na is force of corssage1 or ellis suerenes and cowardise in mannis persone suld be of the propereteis of the ,ordre4 ,and hardynes and largess suld be contrarius till it1 and that war mekle vnresone2 bot be all gude way of ordere1 quhen a gude ,knycht is oure sett with oure grete powar1 and lesse has of help and of falouschip to supple him1 in sa mekle suld he haue mare hye curage and mare force of spirit1 to oure cum all his aduersaris2 and gif he be oure thrawin1 till manetene the poyntis and propercteis of the worthy ,ordre of ,knychthede1 than has he optenyt the honour and the loss of the worschipfull reward and meryt of justice1 that deis for the defenss of the rycht1 and manetenaunce of the worschipfull and meritable poyntis of the ,ordre1 as he that deis for lufe and leautee1 and honoure of the noble ,ordre that he was ordanyt to4 ,for the wise man sais1 ,that ,knychthede and hardynesse may neuer langsumly dwell togider bot wisedome and wise discrecion2 ffor quhare na wisdome na discrecione restis1 how suld thare be knaulage of honoure4 ,na1 how suld that persone discerne betuix honorable and dishonorable act or vndertaking of worschip1 quhare wisdome is away1 ffor wisdome will never mare mak fault till his honoure4 ,and forthy1 is it signifyit till all ,knychtis of honour1 that a ,knycht may neuer be hardy1 na haue the vertues that to ,knychthede suld pertene1 bot he haue wisedome in him2 na thare is na man that may sa mekle honour do till his ,ordre of ,knychthede1 as to stand to the vtterest with stark curage for the rycht fermely1 and neuer consent to leve his lord2 na his rychtwise actioun to dee tharfore2 and treuly that mon be reuglit with witt and resoun1 and nocht be foly na ignoraunce2 ffor quhen foly and ignoraunce is with the ,ordere of ,knychthede1 wit and resone1 knaulage and discrecioun1 ar flemyt thairfra2 ffor wisedome1 resoun1 and discrecioun ar the ledaris and gouernouris of ,cheualrye bathe in ,knycht1 ,king1 and ,emperoure1 and but wisedome the ,order is peruertit2 ffor inpossible thing it is1 that foly and ignoraunce gouerne that worthy ,ordre4 ,and than mon it on nede force be gouernyt be wisedome1 and thus is it1 that sen the ,ordre is reuglit be witt and wisedome1 than suld all gude ,knychtis pres them to be wyse1 and sett tharon all thair hert and mynde2 the quhilk makis ,knycht sa curageus1 that he doubtis nocht the dede1 in regarde of honoure and his rychtwise cause1 that he may lufe and honour his ,ordre1 to sauf bathe saule and honour1 in the contrair of foly and ignoraunce4 ,item1 ,office of ,knychthede is to mantene and defend wedowis1 maidenis1 faderles and moderles barnis1 and pore miserable persouns and piteable1 and to help the wayke agayne the stark1 and the pure agayne the riche2 ffor ofttymes sik folk ar be mare stark na thai pelit and derobbit1 and thaire gudis tane1 and put to destructioun and pouertie1 for fault of powere and defence4 ,and becaus all sik dedis is wikkitnes1 crueltee1 and tyranny1 tharfore is the ,ordre of ,knychthede ordanyt1 as in that poynt amang the lave1 to gaynstand4 ,and gif a ,knycht himself be the manetenar or doare of thir thingis1 he is vnworthy to bere the ,ordre for his wikkitnes4 ,and rycht as ,god has gevin to the ,knycht pithe1 hardynes1 and hye curage1 rycht sa has he gevin him pitee in hert1 to haue merci of the pure that gretis on him2 askand help and consort for traist that thai haue in thame of help4 ,and thus suld a ,knycht haue gude sicht to the miserable persouns1 gude eris to here thame1 and gude mynde to think on thame1 that pitously cryis apon him for help and confourt4 ,and he that has nocht thir vertues1 is nocht verray ,knicht1 na suld nocht be comptit as ane of the ,ordere of ,knychthede4 ,alsua1 and the office of ,knichthede1 that sa mekle is lufit and presit and honourit1 war till derub and destroy the pore folk and all sik peaceable persouns1 and till desaue wedowis1 that has na defence bot ,god and the ,office of ,knychthede1 and till mysgouerne in thair gudis and heritagis1 and dissaue the faderles and moderles barnis1 and all thing that war falsate1 barate1 wikkitnes and trechery1 war poyntis of the said office1 and the office war alsmekle honourit for euill dedis1 and wickit lyfing1 as it is now for gude dedis1 thare suld ma press to tak the said ,ordre and office na thare dois now2 ffor be cause that the ,ordre is founded apon lautee1 curtaisy1 liberalitee1 lufe1 and pitee1 many of thame that beris the said ,ordre irkis tharof in the warld that now is4 ,for the office of ,knychthede suld have stark place in gouernaunce1 and he suld be wele horsit1 and haue power of men to kepe the contree and the ,kingis wayis1 all pilgrymes1 trauailouris1 merchandis1 labouraris1 and suld haue the jurisdictioun of justice in citeis and townis2 and quhen nede war1 to assemble the folk for the prouffit of the commountee2 and quhen perilis war apperand in the landis1 to byrn mysal housis1 and destroye perilous passagis1 ger hag woddis1 and byg and mak reparacioun of euill biggit placis1 castellis1 and wallit townis and fortressis1 and kepe and defend all gudely persouns2 chastyse and punyse all misdoaris and wikkit cruell persouns2 ffor and the contrary of thir gude poyntis war approprit to the ,ordre1 than all gude gouernance wald faile1 and na man wald be seur2 ffor the office is foundit ay on gude and prouffitable werkis that ar spede full to the commoun prouffit1 and to gaynstand all thame that settis thame for the distrublaunce of the pore peple1 and hyndering of the commoun prouffit1 and to put down euill and wikkit men1 and to fauour1 nurise1 and manetene gude peple3 ffor rycht as the hewing ax is ordanyt to cutt doun treis that hynderis labouragis of landis1 and cartis and chariotis and merchandices to passe through the forestis1 sa is the suerd of ,knychthede ordanyt to kutt away and destroye the wickkit vnworthy wedis and ronnis of thornis of euill men that lettis labouraris1 merchandis1 and traualouris to trauale throu the warld1 quhilk is as a forest and wildernes quhen it is not wele redde2 off the quhilk euill men suld be wedit out be ,knychtis1 keparis of the lawe1 that gude men mycht lyve in lee2 and he that is a ,knycht1 and dois nocht this1 bot dois evyn the contrary1 suld be tane be the ,prince1 or be othir worthy1 faithfull1 and honourable ,knychtis1 and put till dede2 ffor quhen a ,knycht is a revare1 or a thef1 or a traytour or a murtherar1 or a ,lollard1 scismatike or heretike1 or in syk termys opinly knawin and approuit1 than is he vnworthy for to lyve1 bot to be punyst in example of otheris that defoulis that maist noble and worthy ,ordre1 and abusit it aganis the poyntis and the propereteis of the ,ordre2 ffor it war better to syk a ,knycht to ghelde him selfe to justice to be punyst1 with mortall punycion1 na to lyve in sik misordinate lyf for to vndo himself1 and otheris mony1 quhilk lesse euill war that he war vndone allane1 and lesse charge till his saule3 ffor gif a knycht or a lord haue all thir forenamyt vicis in him or any part of thame1 and wald punyse otheris1 and will nocht punyse himself1 that is nocht the rycht way of justice2 ffor gude justice begynnis at it selfe1 and syne at othir men1 ffor grete lak is to reproue and correct otheris in that1 that he is foulare smyttit him self2 quhilk gif he will nocht do1 othir ,knychtis suld do for honoure of thair ,ordre1 till hald it euir in honoure and worschip1 as wele efferis it to be4 ,and all ,knychtis that fauouris syk cruell dedis1 and gerris nocht punyse thame1 thai ar foule in the dede as the doaris of thame2 ffor syk men ar nocht verray ,knychtis1 bot feigned beris the ,ordre1 and dois nocht the office2 ffor rycht as a ,knycht had a hurt in ane of his handis1 that hurt is mare nere and dere1 to the laue of his othir membris1 na it is to me or ane othir man1 and erar efferis till him to sett remede tharein4 ,and rycht sa1 gif a ,knycht mysgouernis him in syk kynde that he be othir thef1 or traytour1 revar1 or murderar1 it appertenis mare till othir knychtis to sett thare in remede1 na it dois till otheris that ar na knychtis2 ffor all knychtis ar1 and suld be as a cors4 ,and thare ffore1 knychtis has mare wite of the mysgouernaunce of othir knychtis na ony othir man has1 and mare dishonoure alssua na men that ar na knychtis2 ffor it is thair default1 sen the correctioun efferis to the ,order and to the ,office2 ffor quhy1 he is inymy to the ,ordre that sa gouernys3 ,and than suld it wele effere to the ,order to punyse thair inymyes4 ,quharefore1 thou that art a ,knycht1 and will correk otheris defaultis1 correk thine awin faultis fyrst3 ffor a traytour1 thef1 or revare ,knycht1 he is alssua thef1 traytour1 and revare till his ,order that revis at the worschip and the honoure that appertenis till it1 mare na to reve othir mennis gudis2 ffor he that stelis or revis honour fra ony persone1 bringis him hame schame and dishonoure and euill renoune2 quhilkis honoure passis all richess4 ,quhat difference is thare1 to gude vnderstanding1 till a traytour that betraisis his awin ,lord naturale1 or his castell1 or his wyf1 or his douchter1 or his eldest sone1 or slais his counsale and murderis thame1 or sik dedis dois1 in regard of him that euer was lele and trewe in all thir thingis1 and deis for his ,lord in bataill place4 ,and alssua quhen a ,knycht defendis ane othir that is false and traytoure till his ,prince or his naturale ,lord1 and will nocht thole him cum to justice1 nor na punycione to be done apon him1 he is were na he that did the dede3 and the ,ordre of ,knychthede is dishonourit in his persone1 that manetenis1 and will nocht bring to justice a false traytour2 and vnworthy war that he had justice in keping4 ,ane othir poynt of the ,office of the ,knychthede is1 to accuse traytouris aganis his prince1 or otheris that it efferis1 and till appelle thame of bataill1 and feicht wyth thame3 ,and office of traytour is1 to deny his tresone1 and hyde it1 and cover it1 quhill he may1 and eschewe all prufis tharof2 and thus ar the twa curagis wele contrarius togidder1 that neuer curage of traytour mycht ourcum ane noble curage of a trew ,knycht2 bot gif it be throw pride or surquidy1 that is callit oure presumptuouse in himself3 the quhilk ,god tholes quhilom be punyst in bataill place4 ,bot the curage of a lele ,knycht1 that for a lele cause debatis1 may nocht be oure cummyn1 bot gif it be for sum syn agaynis the ,ordre of ,knychthede3 ffor gif a ,knycht wald reve fra the small peple the gude that ,god has gevin thame1 and geve it till otheris that he aw nocht to1 that war agayne the ,office of ,knychthede1 to tak fra laware na himself outhir moble gudis or possessiouns1 and hald it as heretage till him1 nocht gevand1 na restorand agayn2 he may be lyknyt to the wolf that the lord gave the schepe to kepe to1 as till a familyar faa2 or he may be lyknyt till a fule lorde that left his faire wyf in keping till a ghong traytour knycht2 or he that left his stark castell and his gudis till a bitter cuvatous knycht1 vntrew knycht2 and thus is he mekle to wyte that gevis his castell1 or his wyf1 or his schepe1 in syk gouernaunce2 or how ane othir suld traist his gouernaunce in him that gouernis nocht wele himself8 ffor thir ar thingis that men suld nocht put in misgouernaunce of fule men1 his faire wyf1 his castell1 and his moble gudis2 ffor commonly syk men that begylis thair lordis may neuer be reformyt na redressit till lautee1 na till honour of ,knychthede4 ,item1 ,ane othir poynt of the ,office of ,knychthede is1 to hald his armouris cleine and faire1 and wele at poynt1 and to se wele to the gouernaunce of his horse1 and nocht to play thame at playes of dice1 and of tabilles1 and othir licht playis1 quhilkis ar nocht contenyt in the poyntis of the ,ordre3 ffor it is forbedyn in the lawis to mak ony ath contrary to the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 na to the ,office2 and he that puttis doune the principale thingis quhare with the ,ordre and ,office is haldyn at honoure and worschip1 throw lycht playes or uthir wayis1 he honouris nocht wele his ,ordre2 ffor ,knycht in weris1 but horse and harnais1 is lytill presit2 and sen it is sa1 that ,god and man acordit in the poyntis of the ,ordre of ,knychthede that na false aythis suld be tharein1 na in thame that gouernis the said ,ordre1 suld than nane be4 ,item1 ,lordis na ,knychtis suld nocht brek the ath of mariage throw misordynate lechery1 ffor that is a poynt that discordis with the poyntis of the ,ordre2 ffor thare is thre gree of chastitee1 the quhilkis all honourable persouns ar behaldin till1 that is1 ane in mariage1 ane in wedowhede1 and ane in maidynhede that is callit virginitee2 of quhilk the ,haly ,writt biddis thame that may nocht lyve chaste1 mary thame1 and syne kepe thair maryage2 ffor gif thai do nocht1 and thai brek mariage1 that brekis thair aithe to godwart1 the quhilk is agayn the ,ordre and ,office of ,knychthede2 ffor chastitee is vertu1 and misordanyt lechery is vice3 ,and thus sen all vertu folowis the ,ordre1 and all vice discordis with it1 it syttis wele that princis1 lordis1 and knychtis kepe honour in that poynt1 and namely1 nocht to forffet to thair mariage4 ,item1 ,justice and ,knychthede acordis togeder1 and justice and mariage1 bresing and othir disordinate lechery discordis with justice2 and thus ,knychthede and disordanyt lechery discordis1 as apperis be the lawis of ,haly ,kirk1 quhilkis efferis prelatis to correct3 ,and thus gif a prince1 or a lord1 or a knycht brekis mariage1 he is mare to blame na ony of lawer degree2 ffor the hyar degree the gretter fault1 and mare to be punyst in all excessis of vertu4 ,item1 ,ane othir poynt of ,knychthede is1 that a ,knycht suld be meke and full of clemence1 and nocht prydy1 na presumptuouse1 na orguillouse2 ffor oft tymes of pryde and orguille and presumpcione cummys injure and discensione2 ffor orguille is contrary to justice1 and inymy to concord2 and tharfore1 thare suld na ,knycht be hautayn1 na feir1 na prydefull1 na presumptuouse1 bot euer with mekenes1 and clemence1 and humilitee1 be symple as a may amang peple1 and in his inymyes presence be as lyone rampand2 ffor quhat ever he be1 that be full of pryde and presumptuousnes1 amang vertuous men is repute nocht1 for thai ar contrarius to pes and concorde1 and pes and concorde ar contrarius to justice4 ,and sa is pride aganis the poyntis of the ,ordre4 ,and humilitee is the rute of the stedefastnes of ,knychthede2 ffor schortly to say1 ,knychthede acordis till all vertu and justice1 and all thingis that ar contrariouse to virtu and justice ar contrariouse to the ,ordere and ,office of ,knychthede3 ffor ,knychthede suld defend all injuris and wrangis1 all pilleries1 wrang1 weris1 and tribulaciouns1 and suld hald the peple in all justice1 equitee1 veritee1 and lautee1 pes and debonairetee1 and outsched the wikkit fra the gude peple pesable2 quhilkis1 gif thai do nocht1 bot dois the contrarye in thair governaunce1 thai ar contrarius to thair ,ordere1 and worthy to be punyst4 ,bot thare is nane that all knawis1 na all may punyse1 bot the ,emperoure1 the quhilk ordanyt ,knychthede spirituale1 to kepe justice1 ordinare1 be reugle vertuouse1 in pes and concorde1 and justice rigorouse1 that is1 the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 quhilk suld on force compell euill men1 and of wikkit lyf1 to desist and cesse fra thair wikkitnesse1 and punyse thame tharfore3 ,and thus is thare ,knychtis of pes and concorde amorouse1 and be reugle of justice1 to mak gud reugle and gracious concorde and gouernaunce in the peple2 and alssua ,knychtis of the justice rigorouse1 ordanyt to compelle be fors of armes all tyrannis1 traytouris1 and all othir mysdoaris1 and cruell tormentouris of the haly labouraris1 kirk men1 merchandis1 and traualouris1 to cesse and desist fra thair wikkitnesse4 ,the quhilkis ,knychtis suld be full of vertues1 and gude lyf1 to geue otheris ensample4 ,decoration ,,quartum ,,capitulum4 ,,here ,,spekis ,,the ,,doctoure ,,of ,,the ,,examinacioun ,,of ,,the ,,squyer1 ,,whilk ,,suld ,,enter ,,in ,,the ,,order ,,newly ,,of ,,knychthede4 ,sayand1 ,that he suld be first examynyt be ane alde ,knycht that knewe and lufit wele the said ,order atoure all thing1 next to ,god3 ffor thare is mony ,princis that rekkis nocht quhat maner of condicioune na of lyf his ,knichtis be1 sa that he haue grete nomber of ,knychtis in his company4 ,bot it suld nocht be sa3 ffor ,knychthede takis na hede to multitude bot to noblesse of cheualrye1 and of curage1 and of gude thewis1 that we haue before spokyn of2 and tharefore1 gif he that is examynour lufys better multitude1 na noblesse of curage and of vertu1 he is nocht worthy to be examynoure of ,squyeris1 bot suld be reprovit and punyst be the ,prince of ,knychthede1 of his defoulyng of the ,order of ,knychthede3 and first and foremast it suld be sperit1 ,gif he trowis1 lufis1 and doubtis ,god8 but quhilk poynt is na man worthy till nane order of ,noblesse4 ,item1 ,gif he dredis the defaultis to do1 that dishonouris the ,order8 and thus ,squier1 but lufe and but drede to do mys1 is unworthy to the ,ordre4 ,and gif he takis it agayne thir propereteis and condiciouns1 he wenis he takis honour till him1 bot he takis dishonour2 ffor a ,squyer but noblesse is nocht worthy to sa hye honour1 as to the worthy honour of ,knychthede2 na ghit in the weris of his prince or otheris1 but horse1 armouris1 and sik men1 ar nocht habil to wyn honour in armes1 ffor men may nocht mare cruelly destroye the noble ,order of ,knychthede1 na till haue ane vnworthy examynoure of the ,squier that suld enter in the said ,ordre2 ffor gif he admytt to the ,ordre a man of vnworthy curage1 that is destructione of the ,ordre2 and suld a ,squier examyne himself first1 and think on the mony noble propereteis and condiciouns of the ,ordre1 to think in him self gif he war worthy1 or he put him to the examnacioune4 ,rycht as ,scholaris examynit to be ,prestis or greid in scholis1 suld nocht sett thame thar fore1 bot thai fand thame worthy tharfore1 ffor dout thai war repellit1 or ellis defoulit thair greis2 rycht sa suld ,bachelere ,squieris in the examinacioune of the ,order of ,knychthede1 ffor he suld nocht alssua ask the ,ordre that he wald eftir deffoule be his euill thewis4 ,and alssua ,lordis that ar sa informyt1 that thai will mak sik men ,knychtis1 thai do aganis the poyntis of the ,ordre1 and chargis thair consciences2 ffor men knawis nocht noblesse of curage in fair wordis1 bot in worthy werkis3 ,na nocht in faire clething1 ffor oft tymes vnder a faire habyte may be a full false hert1 full of barate1 trechery1 and traysoune2 na he takis him nocht be his faire harnais1 na his faire horse1 na othir faire habilliamentis2 ffor oft tymes vnder syk faire habilliament ar nocht the best men of armes1 and worthiast in vertues4 ,quharfore1 gif thou will wale worthyast and maist noble man of curage1 thou seke him be thir takenis1 that is1 for to say1 justice1 and temperance1 force and prudence1 ffayth1 esperaunce that is gude hope1 and cheritee1 and leautee2 and be thir takenis1 thou sall knawe the nobless of curage2 be the quhilkis vertues1 the noble hert defendis it fra the inymyes of ,knychthede2 quhilkis ar falsehede1 trechery1 traysone1 thift and murder1 and syk lyke thingis4 ,item1 ,our ghong men suld nocht be maid ,knychtis1 bot gif thai had gude tutouris and curatouris1 for dout of misgouernaunce of the ,ordre for fault of knaulage2 ffor quhen a childe is made ,knycht1 he thinkis nocht on the poyntis of the ,ordre that he sueris to kepe4 ,and gif the ,squiere that is ressauit be the examynouris to be ,knycht and admyttit1 be a rekles man and a wikkit1 and of vile condiciouns1 he dois grete wrang to the ,ordre that he beris1 and till himself too2 ffor and he be vencust in barrier1 or he be cowart or full of wikkit vicis1 as fleand fra battaillis1 revand or steland1 he sall neuer haue honour na prouffit of his ,ordre3 ffor rycht as it honouris the honourable1 it dishonouris the dishonourable4 ,bot of all thing1 a ,knycht suld kepe him in all vertu to hald the mydwart1 for ay the mydwart is vertu1 sa is the extremitee vice2 and thus a ,knycht suld be of resonable gude age1 that he knaw the propereteis and poyntis that he aw till haue1 that he nouthir excede1 na be our lache in his dede4 ,item1 ,it suld be sperit at him1 ,quhat is the cause that he takis the ,ordre for8 quhethir for fairnes of corssage2 or for hardinesse of curage2 or for richesse1 that he may be proudly cled2 or for pryde1 that he may take mare state na his falowis that now is2 or for that he is wele horsit and enarmyt2 or for to be a myrour in his lignie1 that nane is sa worthy as he to be ,knycht4 ,item1 ,men may mak ,knychtis of pure mennis sonis1 and thai haue gude1 evin in frendschip of lordschip2 and with that1 that thai haue the vertues foresaid4 ,bot and a ,knycht or a ,lord mak ane vnworthy creature ,knycht1 he puttis his honour in dangere1 that disprisis and dishonouris the ,noble ,ordre of ,knychthede1 and makis his awin honour mare law na it was2 for the fylth and the wrechit vnhonestee1 that he has lychtlyit the said ,ordre4 ,for be rycht resone of worthynesse and noblesse of the ,ordre1 thare may nocht1 na suld nocht na villaine curage cum be gude1 evin to the said ,ordre2 ffor that war be gude resone vndoyng of the said ,noble ,ordre1 that is ordanyt bot for noblesse and gentillesse of curage and gude vertues1 as foresaid is1 and gude thewis3 ,for hye parage and ancien honour ar the first poyntis of the rute of ,knychthede1 that is cummyn fra alde ancestry1 and syne worthy persouns with worschipfull condiciouns and propereteis1 personale of the ,knycht him self1 makis mariage betuix worschipfull vertues in hye parage and ,knychthede1 quhilk aw nocht to lycht bot in noblesse2 and tharfore1 and a ,lord marry nocht hye parage and ,knychthede togeder1 he is contrarius to ,noblesse and to ,knychthede1 and to ,knychthede bathe4 ,bot a ,lord may put of his powere forssably agayn the noble lordis and ,knychtis willis1 a man in the ,ordre that is nocht worthy3 ,bot he may nocht vndo that he has done1 ffor suppose that he haue power to mak a ,knycht1 he has na power to vnmak him1 sa mekle is the vertue of ,knychthede2 ffor na man but grete cause1 and ,juge with princis powar1 may tak honour away quhare it is anys gevin4 ,than be resone1 it aucht nocht to be that ,prince nor ,knycht mak na ,knycht of ane unworthy persone1 na of villaine lignage4 ffor wald men understand that alsmekle is nature honourit1 as for corporale nature1 in tree and beste as in man2 bot as for nature spirituale1 man is mare honourde4 ,bot be the noblesse of the spiritualitee of the saule resounable1 that accordis with angelis of hevin1 thare is grete difference2 and sen noblesse of curage suld be in all ,knycht1 it may stand that a man of a new sprongyn lygnye1 that be honourable and worthy in all gentrise1 mycht be convenable and worthy to the ,ordre1 sa that the vertues condiciouns and propereteis of noblesse of curage acord ther till4 ,bot this opynione is vntrewe and vnworthy1 ffor and that mycht be1 it war mare lyke that the ,ordour of ,knychthede suld better or alswele accorde to the propereteis corporalis1 and personalis1 as spiritualis3 the quhilk is false1 ffor ,knycht gaynis nocht bot for hye parage and noblesse1 with the seven vertues before namyt be the ,doctour1 as ,force1 ,prudence1 ,justice1 and ,temperance1 with ,faith1 ,gude ,hope1 and ,charitee1 with leautee that efferis to ,knychthede4 ,item1 ,the examynour suld spere of the ,squieris condiciounis1 and maneris1 and gude vertues1 and thewis1 amang the peple2 and quhat documentis and techingis thai ar of2 ffor the fault of gude documentis and techingis gerris vnworthy men be reboytit and repellit fra the examinacione of the inquisitouris1 that thai cum nocht to that ,noble ,ordre3 ffor worthy examynouris will admytt nane1 bot worthy3 ffor grete foly war to put in the ,ordre thame that efterwart suld be repellit for their misgouernaunce2 ,and forthy suld the ,knycht1 that is the inquissitour1 seke wele the poyntis of noblesse and of valour1 and of the vertuouse propereteis and gude thewis of the ,squyer that suld be ,knycht2 and quhy1 and for quhat cause1 he will tak the ,ordre2 and quhethir it be for meritable cause till implye him for the ,haly ,kirk1 the ,cristyn faith1 and for the commone prouffit1 for the peace1 and for all peceable persouns2 or he takis the ,ordre for pryde or couatise1 or for to be honourit1 or for vane glore1 or to wyn richesse thareby1 quhilk1 gif he may persaue that his entencione cummys of ane vnworthy cause1 admytt him neuer3 ffor rycht as ,homycide1 ,symony1 ,usure1 and ,scismatyke condicioune1 repellis ,clerkis fra benefice and honoure1 and all dignitee2 in lyke cas suld thir faultis before namyt repelle a ,squyere fra the noble ,ordre of ,knychthede1 that suld haue nane affinitee bot till noblesse of corage1 as said is2 ffor and men wald wele knaw and consider the grete chargis and dewiteis that folowis the said ,ordre1 with saule perile1 and worschip oft in were1 thay sald stand grete aw to tak that noble ,ordre1 mare na to be outhir monk1 or frere1 or othir religiouse of the hardest ,ordre that is2 ffor traistis wele1 that grete honour beris ay grete charge1 and gretter disese it is1 to fall fra grete honoure agayne that anys a man has bene at1 na euir it was joy1 to be thareat3 ,quia non est tanti gaudii excelsa tenere1 quanti est meroris de excelso cadere4 ,and tharfore ,knycht suld mare dout honour na dede1 and schamefulnes suld mare chastise a worthy ,knycht1 and geve him a hardar passione2 and it suld happin him1 na suld outhir hunger or thrist1 or hete or calde1 or ony disese that he mycht haue2 and namely1 grete princis and lordis sonis suld think grete schame to wyn ane euill name for lak of thair condiciouns in thair ghouthede1 gif thai thocht euer to cum to the worthy and worschipful ,ordre of noblesse that ,knychthede is callit2 ffor thai may wele traist that the name that thai wyn in thair ghong age remaynis with thame for euermare3 ,and than is it grete auenture1 and euer thai be worthy to ressaue that ,ordre1 quhen the examynouris knawis thair condiciounis2 and tharfore1 all syk perilis suld be schawin to the ,squier or he sett him to cum to the examynyng4 ,cheualry may nocht be vp haldyn but grete costis1 and als expensis on horse1 harnais1 mete1 and men1 and othir necessair thingis that till it appertenis2 and tharfore1 thare suld na man1 supposs he war worthy1 desyre to tak the ,ordre bot he war a lorde1 or that he had lord to mynister him all his necessiteis1 and hald his honour abufe in tyme of weris2 ffor ellis1 in default of horse1 harnais1 and othir necessiteis1 euill sett ,knychtis1 quhen thai wantt1 assemblis syk euill men as thame selff1 and gerris mony ruggaris and revaris1 and othir wikkit men1 destroy the commouns1 and distrouble the realme1 and makis mekle wrang to be done in thaire default4 ,item1 ,men countrefait in thair persone1 na oure grete growin men1 na men oure fat1 or that has euill disposicione1 or euill sekenes in thair body2 ffor it war lak to the makare to mak men ,knychtis that war nocht hable till armes1 and to do vailliaunce in tyme of weris2 ffor the nobilnesse of the ,ordre is sa worschipfull1 that it sufferis na man that has mahaigne1 na demembrit1 na othir wayis manket in corssage1 visage1 na membris--be he neuer sa riche--to be admyttit to the said maist noble ,ordre1 the quhilk excludis vttraly all ignobilitee and vilitee4 ,item1 ,the inquisitoure examynour suld mak inquest at the ,squyar gif euer he did ony grete excessiue syn1 as tresoune1 or scisme1 sorcery1 or wichecraft1 or grete murderis1 or syk lyke thingis2 the quhilk1 suppose he prise thame lytill1 may lett him to ressaue the noble ,ordre1 in company to be falowe to the worthy ,cheualrye3 na ghit na vane glorius ,squyare suld be na ,knycht1 ffor vane glore tynis the meritis of all gude vertues4 ,na he suld nocht be a gabusoure1 na a flaitour ,squyare1 that suld enter in the said ,ordre2 na ghit hautane1 na fiere in pride1 na orguillouse ,squyere suld nocht enter in ,knychthede2 and namely outrageus in word1 and sclanderouse bakbytare1 suld nocht enter in the ,ordre2 na commone leare1 na commone viciouse hurdomare hasartour1 commoune tauernouris full of sleuthe1 barganouris1 commouns glotouns1 kid and knawin for syk1 dronkynsum1 manesuorne1 and all outrageus commoun vicius men1 ar nocht to be ressauit to the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 bot suld be repellit be the examynouris of the ,ordre3 ,and thus sald nane be ressauit to the ,ordre bot nobles of parage1 vertuouse1 honest1 and of worthy curage2 and in all this suld ,squyer be inquerit1 or he be ,knycht4 ,decoration ,,quintum ,,capitulum4 ,,here ,,declaris ,,the ,,doctour ,,in ,,quhat ,,fassone ,,and ,,maner ,,suld ,a ,,squyer ,,that ,,wald ,,be ,,knycht1 ,,ressaue ,,the ,,ordre ,,of ,,knychthede4 ,and as to that1 the ,squyer quhen he is examynyt and admyttit1 he suld schriue him clene of all synnys and defautis that he may think on1 that euer he maid aganis ,god1 and his ,magestee2 and tak his ,sacrament1 sayand ,in the name of thee1 and in entencione to serue thee1 and honour thee1 ,my ,souerane ,lord ,god1 and thy dere moder ,mary1 and all thy haly ,sanctis of ,paradise1 ,i tak this day this worthy ,ordre4 ,and this suld be done be prince or lord in a grete feste1 as ,zule1 ,pasche1 or ,witsonday1 or ,all ,halowmesse1 ffor the mare honourable assemble is maid thay dayes na in otheris3 ,and than suld the ,squyere fast the ,fest evin1 and wake all that nycht in prayeris of grace asking1 and otheris als suld pray for him1 to geve him grace1 worthily to ressaue and kepe1 and worthily gouerne the said ,ordre1 at the plesaunce of ,god1 and the haly ,court of ,hevin3 ,and on the day before1 he suld pas to the ,kirk1 in his best array as efferis and custum of the countree is1 thair to be in prayeris1 and to here a preching1 or a proposicione langand the said mater2 na he suld nouthir here na speke viciouse speche1 na trompouris1 na janglouris1 for that is lak to the ,ordre3 ,and on the morne eftir1 quhen he is arayed in habyte of ,knychtis wede1 thare mon be grathit a solempne ,messe with note1 and in the tyme of the ,offeratore1 he sal cum before the altare and offer3 ,and syne sall he mak ane athe to the ,ordre till honoure it eftir his powere1 in the honour of ,almychtj ,god1 ,prince of all ,chevalrye2 and thare in present place1 suld thare be maid a faire sermone1 declarand the poyntis of the ,christyn faith1 acordand thame togeder with the poyntis of the ,ordre of ,knychthede4 ,to the quhilkis poyntis of acordans the ,squyre suld take gude tent1 and knaw thame all1 and hald thame prentit in his hert percure1 with all the ,vij4 sacramentis1 the ,x4 ,commandmentis1 the ,xij4 articles of the treuth1 and to kepe him fra the ,vij4 dedely synnis4 ,to all the quhilkis poyntis of the faith1 to kepe and honoure and fulfill at his powere1 incontynent that he haue tane the said ,ordre at the honoure and reuerence of ,god1 and thareto suld mak his speciale prayeris for all1 the tyme of the ,messe3 ,and fra thyne furth for all his lyf dais4 ,and quhen the preching is done1 than sall cum furth the ,prince or ,lord that suld mak him ,knycht2 the quhilk aw of dett to be ,knycht or he mak ony ,knychtis3 rycht as nane may mak ,preste bot he be ,preste1 sa may nane mak ,knycht bot first he be maid ,knycht1 saiffand the ,pape3 ffor how may he geve that he has nocht8 ffor herbes and bestis may geve thair nature ilkane till othir1 to mak thair nature perpetuall2 bot sa may nocht ,knychtis be maid1 bot first the makare be possessit of his gift1 and of his ,ordre3 ffor gif ony lord wald geve the ,ordre and nocht haue it1 or vnworthily geve it othir wayis na the ,ordre requeiris1 he dois grete dishonour to the ,ordre4 ,and thai that takis the said ,ordre of thame that has na powere vnworthily1 thai haue na grace in the ,ordre to do wele1 na prouffit to thame na otheris2 and thus is the ,squyere begylit1 and dissauit of his ,ordre1 and all ,cheualrye sclanderit4 ,and than suld the ,squier hald vp his handis to the hevyn1 and his eyne to the hicht1 and his hert to ,god1 syttand on his kneis1 and thare suld the ,prince haue the ,suerd redy of ,honour1 gylt with gold1 and belt it about his sydis1 in takenyng of ,chastitee1 ,justice1 and ,cheritee1 and thare the ,knycht suld outhir geve him a strake with his hand1 or with a drawin suerd1 in the nek1 to think on the poyntis and defend his dewiteis4 ,and syne suld he outhir kys him in the mouth1 or ellis kys the croce of the suerd1 and geve it him1 and ger him kis it agayne1 and sa put it in the scalbourd1 and bid him think on his athe1 ande charge that he has vndertane1 and the honour that he suld manetene4 ,and efter that all the seruice of ,god be done1 the new maid ,knycht suld ryde on ane coursere out throw the citee1 or toune1 and schaw him to the peple1 sa that thai may knaw him for a ,knycht1 defendour of ,haly ,kirk and commone prouffit1 and halder of lawe and justice1 and mayntenour of the peple1 that quhasa has ado thai suld draw till him for help2 and that he suld haue mare raddour and drede to do mys1 or oucht that suld be agayne the lawe euer mare in tyme to cum1 and to saif the honour and the worschip of his noble ,ordre2 ffor raddour1 drede1 and schamefulnes is hye grace till all persouns that has honour to kepe4 ,and in that day suld thare be grete festyng1 justyng1 and tournaymentis1 with other actis1 as lissis and behurdis1 geue grete giftis1 and mak grete solempnitee in the honoure of ,god and the grete feste1 and that ,herauldis and ,kingis of ,armes and ,menstralis war rewardit4 ,and than suld the ,prince rewarde the new ,knycht with landis1 lordschippis1 or othir worthy giftis and gouernementis1 till eke his estate and help to manetene the honoure of the ,ordre4 ,and thus suld giftis be gevin bathe till him1 and be him till otheris2 ffor the ,ordre requeris giftis to be gevin in daly placis2 for honoure and worschip of lordis of estate may nocht be kepit1 bot quhare giftis ar gevin1 and noble actis of honour excersit3 ffor quhare honoure is nocht kepit1 ordere gais bakwart4 ,decoration ,,sextum ,,capitulum4 ,,here ,,spekis ,,the ,,doctoure ,,of ,,the ,,significatioune ,,of ,,the ,,armes ,,of ,,the ,,order ,,of ,,knychthede4 ,now declaris the ,doctour1 that as the ,preste quhilk in the ,mess sayand has syndry habitis and habilliamentis1 quhilkis ilkane has a syndry significacione1 as is acordand to thair office and order1 and that office of ,preste and office of ,knycht has sa grete affinitee and alliaunce togeder2 ffor quhy8 that rycht as office of ,preste has certane thingis that pertenis to the ,ordre2 and ilkane has a certane significacione1 sa has the ,ordre of ,knychthede3 ffor ilk thing pertenand till his ,order has a certane significacioune1 be the quhilkis is signifyit the noblesse of the ,order of ,knychthede4 ,and first and formast1 ,thare is to the ,knycht gevin a ,suerd with a crossit hilt1 that signifyis that rycht as our ,lord ,jhesu ,crist vencust in the ,croce the inymy of mannis lygnage1 to the quhilk he was dempt throu the syn of ,adam1 oure first fader1 that rycht sa suld a ,knycht vencuse the fais of the ,croce throu the suerd2 ffor the suerd is ordanyt to do justice with2 and tharefore is it maid with twa egeis1 in takenyng that he suld manetene and defend bathe ,temporalitee and ,spiritualitee with the double scherand suerd4 ,item1 ,to the ,knycht is gevin a ,spere quhilk is evin1 and betakenis rychtwisenesse and veritee2 ffor as the spere is evin1 and rycht sa suld he be bathe evynlyk and rychtwise1 and manetene and defend lautee and equitee1 in contrary of falshede and trecherye2 and the scharp hard stelin poynt of the spere hede betakenis1 that suppose falsehede be neuer sa wele armyt1 ghit will lautee pas throu him1 and vencuse him4 ,and be the pennone on the spere end1 it schawis that veritee hydis him nocht1 bot schawis him to falsehede1 sayand ay1 quhen it movis1 ,lo me here ,veritee1 that has na drede of falsehede1 na trecherye2 and ,veritee is the foundement of esperaunce that is gude hope1 and of all othir thingis that ar signifyit be the spere4 ,item1 ,chapellat of stele alssua is gevin to the ,knycht1 in takenyng of drede of schame and repruf2 ffor a ,knycht suld be schamefull as a maydin dredand repruf3 ffor ,knycht or woman1 but drede of schame1 may nocht kepe honour langsumly1 na be obedient to thair ordre3 ffor rycht1 as drede and schamefulnes1 gerris a persone cast doune the hede1 and luke to the erde1 sa dois the stelin hat the ,knycht cast doune his eyne2 and rycht as the stelyn hat kepis the knychtis hede1 quhilk is the hyast membre1 and maist principale of his persone1 sa kepis drede of schame the ,knychtis honour1 that is the hyast poynt of his ordre1 and maist principale poynt of all4 ,the quhilk drede of schame suld haue in it fyve wittis to kepe1 that throu nane of thai suld dishonour cum1 and that the noblesse of his curage suld defend thai fyve wittis1 that neuer throu thame euill na wikkitnesse cum4 ,item1 ,haubergeone is gevin to the ,knycht1 in takenyng of castell1 to kepe him fra his inymyes1 that is1 euill vicis2 ffor rycht as a castell is wallit all about with stanis togedir junyt1 to kepe ,knycht fra his fais1 rycht sa is the haubert to kepe him rycht sa fra his fais that ar vicis and defaultis1 till his maist noble ,ordre of ,knychthede1 the quhilk is maid of mony syndry pecis as of maillis4 ,item1 ,leg-harnais is gevin the ,knycht1 that his leggis and fete were seker to passe in the wayes and stretis1 and kepe thame1 that na robbouris1 na thevis1 na murderaris1 vmbesett the wayes to reve na strouble lele merchandis1 na labouraris1 men of kirk1 na pilgrimys1 that passis in the contree for the commone prouffit of the ,realme3 ,and in sik keping he suld be garnyst in his armouris and his wapnis1 that he mycht do scathe and tak nane4 ,item1 ,thare is gevin him ,maisse1 that is to say ,pollax1 in takenyng that he is officere ryale2 and that gif ony man disobeyis till his wand1 that he lay that maisse on thame to hald the ,kingis rychtis on fut4 ,alssua1 ,spuris ar gevin him1 in signifiaunce that rycht as spuris spedis the horse to ryn fast1 and besy in tyme of nede1 quhen his inymyes cummys nere1 rycht sa suld ,knycht in tyme of nede be besy quhen the ,king or his ,contree is ouresett with lourdanis and revaris or traytouris or other wikkit misdoaris1 sa that he slepe nocht his time1 bot be besy and diligent in the commone prouffit4 ,of the suerd we haue spoken of before1 in quhat takenyng and significacioune it is gevin4 ,item1 ,the quhip is gevyn to the ,knycht in his hand1 quhen he is on horse1 to that significacione1 that he suld stand aw and be obedient till his ,lord2 ffor disobeisaunce vndois the ,knycht and brekis his ,ordre1 that all his ofspring will forthink3 as for the inobedience of ,adam1 all his ofspring was punyst4 ,item1 ,gorgelin is gevin him1 in takenyng that thare suld nouthir enter na isse throu his gorge thing that suld be villanie1 na lak thing to the honour of the ,ordre2 as to be at bidding of his lord1 but disobeysaunce1 and but murmur do his lordis commandementis2 and nouther do1 na consent1 to tresone or guille1 barate1 na trechery1 vnleautee1 na othir vice1 that may cum throu word na thocht be the gorge outwart2 na excesse of glutony1 drunkynnesse1 na othir mystemperaunce throu the gorge inwart4 ,and thus the gorgelyn suld kepe the ,knychtis gorge4 ,item1 ,masse is gevin him1 that betakenis strenth and force of curage1 the quhilk masse is lyknyt till a false sterap1 quhilk strykis on all sydis1 apon all kynde of harnais2 sa dois force of curage1 it strykis on all sydis1 and defendis the honour of ,knichthede agayne all vicis1 and enforcis vertues4 ,item1 ,thare is gevin to the ,knycht his lytill schort ,suerd1 that sum callis ,misericorde1 in signifyand that quhen he has implyde his spere1 his lang suerde1 his polax1 his false sterap1 and his falow be sa nere him that he may nocht help himself with nane of thay1 than it is gude at schort strakis2 and it is callit outher ,schort ,suerd or ,misericord2 ffor cause that a ,knycht suld nocht all traist in his armoure na wapnis1 bot in his awin vertu1 and in him that maid him1 and in his mercj2 and traist that throu his help1 quhen all wapnis are faillit1 that he sall saue his honour and bring him fra the perile of dede and dishonour4 ,item1 ,schelde or targe is gevin to the ,knycht in signifiaunce that as office of schelde is to be the targe betuix the ,knycht and the strakis1 sa suld the ,knycht be betuix the ,prince or his ,lorde and the strakis2 as the schelde ressauis the strakis before the ,knycht1 sa suld the ,knycht before his lorde1 kepe strakis fra him4 ,and as schelde is couplit to the ,knychtis brest1 thare his hert is1 sa suld the ,knycht be till his lord bound in lautee as till his awin hert1 and is a myd moyen betuix him and his peple4 ,gloues of plate ar gevyn to the ,knycht in takenyng1 that as thai kepe his handis fra strakis and woundis and manglyng1 throu the quhilkis the body mycht be tynt1 sa suld he kepe his handis1 that he give na faith1 na athe1 na mak nane condicioune na obligacioune agayn his ,lord1 ffor than war he vndone2 and as ,knycht liftis his wapnis mare seurely and traistly1 that his handis ar enarmyt1 sa suld he list mare seurely to ,god ,almichtj1 that he be enarmyt1 that his handis wirk na misgouernaunce in taking of wrangwise gudis2 na strykyng of vnlefull personis2 na making of vnlefull condiciouns1 and vnlefull touchingis2 na put his handis in vnlefull placis4 ,the ,sadill that he rydis in1 betakenis sekernes1 that he be nocht lychtly put by his purpose1 sa kepis the sadill him1 that he be nocht lichtly put fra his hors2 ffor quhen he war doune strykyn than war his honour lawe4 ,and rycht as he is ferme and seker in his sete1 sa suld he be ferme and seker in his curage1 in justice1 lautee1 noblesse1 veritee1 and charitee2 ffor throw seuretee of a gude hardy knycht mony gude dedis ar done1 throu gude hardy men of armes1 and mony cowartis ar declarit1 quhen hardy men ar approuit1 vantouris and vayn glorious men1 that dar nocht be sene quhare the hardy and worthy knychtis apperis in worthynes in bataill place1 and thare fortune enforsis hardynesse4 ,and as the sadill1 with the grathe that langis it1 haldis him ferme1 that he movis nocht for na strake of spere of inymy1 sa suld forse of curage kepe him1 that he move neuer again gude faith na resone1 and bow nocht with vice agayn vertu4 ,and as the hors beris grete charge of the armyt ,knycht1 and sadill and harnais1 sa beris the ,knycht1 be vertu of his ,ordre1 grete charge1 the quhilk he suld nocht lychtly be movit fra4 ,and as he is sett apon a hie sadill1 aboue a hye coursour1 sa suld his curage be hye to defend the rycht1 and manetene the poyntis of his maist hye and noble temporale ,ordre4 ,and tharfore is ,courser gevin him or ,destrere1 to betakyn noblesse and hicht of curage1 that ,knycht suld haue aboue all othir peple1 sen he has bathe maist hye and noble order1 and syne maist noble habilliament of armoure1 and syne maist hye and noble hors2 sa sulde he haue maist hye and noble curage1 with force to passe all otheris in vailliaunce of armes and honoure1 and to be sene aboue all his men1 and mare fere of1 sa that men that had nede of his help suld se him of fere1 to draw till him for help4 ,item1 his ,coursere or destryere has ,bridill gevin till him1 with irne bytt in the mouth1 and reynis in the ,knychtis hand1 sa that the ,knycht may refreyne the hors1 that he pas nocht away with him4 ,and that iryn bitt in mouth betakenis1 that he suld refrenghe his mouth fra bathe euill viciouse speche and euill thouchtis4 ,and be the reynis is betakenit1 that he suld hald his handis undefoulit1 or fylit with oure vilaynouse dedis1 or that he be oure large to geve till othir that he haue nede him self1 and that he be nocht sa lycht of striking with his handis that thare be na discrecione in his dedis1 and that be thai reynis he suld be led with pure folk that war nede bestad of help1 quhare thane nedis war to trauaile to help thame2 and that he war nocht oure narow na nedy that he had lak tharethrou1 nocht to spare his gude and spend his honour2 and that he be of handis hardy to defend him fra his fa2 and doubte na thing1 ffor oure grete doubte makkis ,knychtis to haue lathe curage4 ,item1 ,the ,horse-,hede is bundyn with ane hede-stell of the bridill1 in that kynde that he suld do na thing1 but be ordynaunce of the ,knycht1 that efferis till course of armes3 and bot be resone2 and the hede of the horse gais before1 and is bundyn to do resoune1 sa suld the resone ga before all dede of armes1 and other actis honourable that he dois4 ,and as his hede-stele byndis his hede to resone1 sa dois resone the ,knycht1 and kepis his worschip4 ,alsua1 the ,knychtis hors is enournyt with harnais before and behynd1 on his body1 sa efferis it to ,knychtis to be honourably enournyt with honourable clething1 and alsa with vertues honourable4 ,and because that sum horse ar enarmyt with sik harneis as efferis to defend thair corps fra harmes1 sa suld ,knycht be enarmyt with richessis of temporale gudis1 or ellis he may nocht gudely do his worschip1 nouthir in pes na in were1 and oft tymes gerris mony reueryes and wrang wynnyngis be3 for ,clerkis sais1 ,quod propter inopiam multi deliquerunt1 etc4 ,item1 ,jakkis war ordanit to ,knychtis1 thai tymes of gheris that war of grete solempnitee1 of sylk aboue all thair harnais1 that signifyit grete trauailis that effeiris till him to do2 ffor rycht as the jakkis ar aboue the hauberkis1 and ordanyt nerest bathe wynd and rayn1 and othir stormys1 sa suld a ,knycht for the peple susteyne all stormes and trauailis for thame1 sa that all mysterfull and peceable persones that had myster1 suld1 throu him1 haue reconfourt and refuge at nede1 for the honoure of noble that ordanyt that ,noble ,order1 for that cause to be a protectour and ane aduocate of all poore1 miserable1 and peceable persones3 ,the quhilkis be the noblesse and the creacione of the ,ordre1 he is ordanyt to defend1 manetene1 and hald in thair richtis1 quhen thai haue mister1 and thai be requerit3 ,quhilkis ,knychtis suld erar expone thame outhir to be dede1 or presonare1 or woundit sare1 or he left thame but help that ar vnder thaire cure and saufgarde3 ,be the quhilkis poyntis of the ,ordre1 men may se that ,knychtis1 be vertu of thair ,ordre1 has a grete charge1 quhat of justice halding1 quhat of thair landis gouernyng1 and of thair peple maynteyning1 and of thai peceable persones defending1 as ar kyrk men1 and maidnis fra forse and ravisyng1 wedowis1 and faderles and moderles barnis fra supprising1 labouraris1 merchandis1 and traualouris fra distroubling1 and all peceable persones fra fors and wrangwise vexacione4 ,eftir this1 ,takyn of ,armes to bere is gevin the ,knycht in his schelde1 or in his cote of armes1 or othir wayis1 sa that he be knawin and kend in bataill be otheris2 sa that gif he dois wele he suld have honoure and worschip1 and gif he dois evill he suld haue dishonoure and disworchip1 and sik as efferis till ane inymy of the ,ordre of ,knychthede3 for gif he be vailliaunt and hardy in bataill2 or he be feigned1 slak1 and cowart1 and flee fra his lorde in bataill4 ,item1 ,baneris ar gevyn1 bot that is bot to ,kingis1 and ,princis1 ,erllis1 ,dukkis1 ,marquis1 ,vavassouris1 ,barones1 and ,knychtis ,banneroll2 ,and thus quhen a ,baroun ,banneroll has mony ,knychtis vnder him1 thai aw to diffend thaire lordis landis1 and his lyf1 and his honoure3 ffor the honoure of ,knychthede standis in that1 that he be lufit1 lovit1 prisit1 honourit1 and doubtit1 with the prince1 lordis1 and peple of the realme2 ffor the honoure of lordis and princis standis in the pluralitee of mony worschipfull and honourable ,knychtis3 ,and as ,knychtis of honoure ar honourde with princis1 lordis1 and peple1 for hardynesse1 noble curage1 vertu1 and worthynesse1 that thai haue wonyn with thair princis1 lordis1 and maisteris honoure in thair ghouthede2 rycht sa ar vnworthi cowartis1 full of tresone and falsehede1 barate and trechery1 and othir viciouse lyf1 suld be haldyn as dishonourit1 and vnworthy to be amang thame that ar honourable in the said ,order1 and mare to be blamyt na othir lawlyar folk1 suppose thai had done mys4 ,decoration ,,septimum ,,capitulum4 ,,here ,,speris ,,the ,,doctoure ,,of ,,gude ,,custumes ,,that ,,efferis ,,to ,,knychthede4 ,and1 first1 he sais that ,noblesse of curage has chosyn ,knychtis of honour to be aboue the small peple1 and the small peple to be at thair seruice and gouernement4 ,than suld ,noblesse and gude custumes be intill all noble knychtis1 be vertu of thair ,ordre2 ffor noblesse of ,knychthede cummys neuer to man of gude evin rychtwisely na honourably1 bot it be throu noblesse of curage2 ffor but noblesse of curage it may neuer cum to that hie degree of honoure1 and but electioun of vertu1 and gude custumes and thewis2 and thus on nede force it behufis the ,knycht1 or he cum to that hye worschip and estate1 worthily but vsurpacione1 that he be knawin full of gude vertues1 gude custumes1 and gude thewis in gouernance4 ,and fyrst and formast1 all ,knycht or he tak ,ordre suld knaw all the ,seven ,vertues1 and thair branchis2 that is to say1 the four ,vertues ,cardinale1 and the thre ,vertues ,theological4 ,the thre ,theological is ,faith1 ,gude ,hope1 and ,cheretee1 as we have before touchit4 ,the ,four ,cardinale ,vertues ar ,justice1 ,temperance1 ,fors1 and ,prudence4 ,and first and formast1 a ,knycht bot he be of gude ,faith1 all is for nocht that he dois2 ffor he may neuer haue othir vertewe na gude custumes2 ffor but faith all is bot syn that euer man dois3 ffor be faith men has all gude knawlage and vnderstanding of ,god and his haly ,sanctis2 and but faith man is wer na nocht2 ffor be oure faith we haue sight spirituale of hevin and hell1 and all ,goddis workis1 visibilis and invisibilis4 ,and be ,faith men has ,esperaunce1 ,cheritee1 and ,leautee1 and ar servitouris to ,veritee1 and fault of ,faith myssaris all thir thingis4 ,knychtis be gude ancien custumes was wont to ga in the ,haly ,land1 to defend and manetene the ,cristyn ,faith1 fechtand agains the inymyes of the ,croce1 and was marterit3 but full few now dois that4 ,alsua1 be vertu of fayth and gude custumes1 ,knychtis defendis the ,clerkis and ,kirkmen fra wikkit tyrane men1 the quhilk aganis the faith1 and for default of faith schapis thame to derob and ourethraw bathe clerkis and kirkmen1 for thair tyranny and wikkitnes4 ,item1 ,esperaunce is a noble vertu1 be the quhilk ,knychtis traistis to haue the victory in battail and in feicht4 ,clerkis be ,esperaunce traistis to haue the joy of hevyn1 and be thair teching gerris vs trow rycht sa3 but the quhilk ,esperaunce1 that is ,gude ,hope1 we war all forlorne4 ,thairfore ,esperaunce sittis well as in a ,knycht1 ffor be esperaunce he has mare traist in ,god1 na in his horse1 harnais1 and menze2 throu esperaunce the curage of knychtis is reinforssit1 and the curage of cowartis ouresett4 ,gude ,hope gerris the knycht oursett grete trauailis1 and hard fortunes1 in hope of better ay4 ,alssua ,esperaunce gevis knychtis curage to kepe and defend citeis1 castellis1 and wallit townis on small evyn1 and thole bathe hungir1 thrist and waking1 and mony grete strakis1 oft tyme4 ,and war nocht ,esperaunce of gude hope ,knychtis had neuer honour1 ffor it is the principale instrument that gouernis ,knychthede in honoure4 ,item1 ,knycht but ,cheritee may neuer be but crueltee and euill will1 quhilkis concordis neuer with the honour of ,knychthede2 and thus mon ,cheritee be chief in a ,knycht2 ffor throu ,cheritee man lufis his ,god atoure all thing1 and1 as himself his nychtbour3 but the quhilk poynt is na man may be perfyte ,cristyn man4 ,item1 ,a ,knycht suld haue in him grete pitee of all pure folk maleesy persones1 and of pure prysonaris quhen he has the maistry of thame1 and till haue mercy of thame for resonable finaunce2 and throu cheritee men has pitee1 but the quhilk charitee na ,knycht mycht sustene the grete charge of ,knychthede2 ffor as horse but fete may nocht bere grete chargis1 sa may nocht ,knychthede1 but cheritee3 the quhilk cheritee makis hevy birding lycht to bere1 and grete charge soft1 bathe for the vphald of honour of ,knychthede1 and meryt of the saule behufe4 ,item1 ,justice is till all ,knychtis nedefull1 ffor ,knycht but justice is but honoure2 for ,justice and ,knychthede is sa wele acordaunt that ,knycht but justice is a body but saule1 for but justice may na ,knychthede be2 ffor ,knycht injurius is inymy of justice1 and castis him self out of the ,ordre1 the quhilk reuys him and dispisis him in that cas4 ,item1 ,prudence is a vertue als1 that ,knychthede may nocht be but2 ffor ,prudence is a knawlage that man has of all thing1 bathe gude and euill1 throu the quhilk he is maid inymy to euill1 and frende till all gudenes2 and alsa be ,prudence man has knawlage of the thing that is for to cum1 and that be the notice of the present tyme1 as he seis the warld gais3 ,item1 ,prudence can with cautelis and subtiliteis1 a man can1 as be the apperaunce of the thingis that he seis1 eschewe perilis that ar to cum1 and mend ane euill fortune apperand be vertynasse1 bathe corporalis and spiritualis4 ,and thus knaw thai all tymes that is1 and wes1 and sal be1 and puttis gouernaunce till all as efferis4 ,the commone proufit1 and the prince1 ar mekle behaldin to the worthy ,knychtis1 for the mony perilis that thai expose thaim in for it3 and thus is ,prudence ane of the maist nedefull poyntis that may be for ,knychtis2 worschipfull custume is in ,knycht in tyme of necessitee to request of party to arme him1 and defend the commone prouffit4 ,bot mekle mare is it honourable custume to ,knychtis till vse resoun in all his dedis1 and gude will and wele sett1 that is the glore of ,knychthede2 ffor oft tymes bataillis ar mare wonnyn be grace1 na be force1 and be wit and subtilitee na be multitude of armyt company1 as sais ,macabeus to the ,peple of ,israel1 quhen he sawe his inymyes cum on him sex tymes ma na he2 ,ha6 ,ha6 ,dere ,brethir1 reconfort ghow1 and makis gude chere1 and traistis wele that ,god sall help vs in this houre1 ffor traist nocht that grete multitude makis grete victory1 bot mekle erare1 grete confusione2 ffor sa grete multitude mycht nocht be gouernyt togeder1 ffor thay may nocht wit in the tane end1 quhat the tothir dois2 and a lytill misreugle or affray makis all to flee1 etc43 ,and gert his peple put thame in gude estate1 and prayde to ,god to help thame4 ,and thus was the bataill wonnyn throu his wit and counsaile1 and confourt quhilk come of grete prudence and grace4 ,and thus suld all gude ,princis and ,lordis that wald haue thaire barnis worthy and wyse men1 and hable to the ,ordre foresaid3 thai suld ger doctryne thame1 instruct thame1 and teche thame first in thir virtues before namyt1 and specially till vse resone and justice1 and gude vnderstanding of wit1 and that prudence teche thame to be a frende till all gudelynes1 and inymy till all wikkitnes1 ffor be thai vertues1 the vertew of prudence junys him with ,knychthede1 and dois it mekle honoure4 ,item1 ,force is a grete vertu in all noble actis1 and specialy agayn the ,seven ,dedely ,synnis1 quhilkis1 quhen thai haue the maistry1 ledis man to the paynis of hell2 off the quhilk sevin synnis1 ,glutony is ane of the werst2 fforthy1 that quhen a glutoun has chargit him our mekle with metis and drinkis than bringis it in ,suerenesse1 that he mon slepe or rest2 and in his rest than desyris he ,luxure2 and quhen he seis that all this charge may nocht be uphaldyn but grete gudis and richess1 than cummys ,couatise1 that settis nocht by how that gude be wonnyn bot he haue it2 off the quhilk conquest cummys ,ire1 and ,inuye1 and redy ,murther and slauchter1 quhilkis cummys seldyn1 bot that ,pryde be in thair falouschip4 ,and thus throu glutony is gaderit and assemblyt all the foule company of the ,seven ,dedely ,synnis3 ,and thus ,knychtis that haldis thir wayis1 gais nocht in the hall of noblesse2 ,glutony makis the corps feble1 and schortis the lyf1 agaynis the quhilk vicis1 and namely of glutonye1 the worthy curage of a noble ,knycht stryvis full stoutly1 and wynnis the victory on him that is inymy to the noble ,ordre of ,knychthede4 ,and thus be ,force he feichtis agayn his inymyes throu hye noblelesse of curage with help of abstynence and of temperance3 ,and agayne ,luxure feichtis ,chastitie forsably1 and beautee of corps1 mekle etyng and drinking1 quynte clething1 and joly polist corps2 falsate1 tresoune1 injure and misprising of ,god1 and of his ,sanctis and of his mekle gloire1 and no doubt the paynis of hell1 na sik like thingis is agayne the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 and all gude thewis4 ,perfyte ,chastitee forsably feichtis aganis ,lechery throu the remembraunce of ,god and his commandementis4 ,and to wele vnderstand the the hye graces and gudelynes and glore of the hyast ,god1 quhilkis he has ordanyt for thame that lufis and honouris him1 and seruis him treuly2 and alssua to think on the sorow and disese that ordanyt is for thame that dois the contrair1 that mysprisis his commandementis1 and mystrowis him2 for to lufe him1 serue him1 and honour him1 that is sa worthie to be lufit1 man has forss and grace1 with ,chastite forsable1 with stark curage vnvencusable1 werrays and ourecummys the vice of mysordinate ,lecherye1 be force of curage and noblesse1 quhilk will nocht put him in subjectione of evill thouchtis2 na be oure cummyn with sik wrechitness2 na his hye honour lawit na defoulit1 that sa mekle charge has sustenyt in grete honourable actis in weris that he suld thole his worthi curage of ,knychthede be ourecummyn with vicis4 ,for suppose he be curageous and hardy1 and of corps strenthy to ourecum his corporale inymyes2 and nocht noblesse in him of forss of curage to vencuse and ourethrawe his inymyes spirituale1 that is vicis2 he has nocht all the verray noble poyntis1 propereteis1 na condiciouns of ,knychthede that he suld ficht with2 ffor noble curage of ,knycht suld alswele feicht again the ,deuill that is inymy of the saule as agayne man inymy to the corps4 ,item1 ,auarice is a vice that gerris oft tymes the curage of mony noble ,knycht descend full lawe2 ffor quhy1 the gredynesse of gude blyndis thair hye curage for glytwisnesse of gold and of richesse1 that it ourecummys the force that suld vencuss his inymy with1 and makis him subject till sa lawly wretchitnesse and vnhonest thing1 that is bot for defaut of forss2 that suld be his pillare of worschip till hald him ferme2 the quhilk pillare faillis him at nede quhen noblesse of hye corage is slokit throu ,cuvatise1 nocht defendand thame aganis it1 as the worthynesse of the ,ordre requeris3 bot tholis him to be ourecummyn and vencust throu cowardise spirituale1 and lachesse of curage souplit throu ,auarice2 and changit thair curage again the noblesse of the ,ordre3 ,and tharefore it is a grete maugre in a realme quhare lordis and knychtis ar gredy to gudis1 and couatouse2 ffor it is rute of all wikkitnesse2 ffor of it cummys wrangwise extorsiouns1 and euill wonnyn gudis1 wrangwise conquestis of landis1 and syne ar thay fast haldand1 that na gude will part with1 bot the nede peny2 and be this way thai becum bondis and subjectis to thair gudis1 and varyis fra the rycht way of liberalitee that manetenis noblesse of ,cheualrye1 and is inymy to the noble ,ordre1 to be wrechit of the gudis that ,god has send thame to preue thame1 and assay thair vertu with2 and nocht to be hid1 na hurdit4 ,and as for remede of this1 thare is a vertew callit ,fortitude1 that is stifnes in hert aganis vice1 that will nocht falde no mare na rank stele1 quhilk is sa ferme in itself1 that it will nouthir bow to frende na faa1 to help thame at nede1 bot he be requerit and askit1 and that is for the hie stifnes that is in him1 of the vertu of fortitude of curage2 that sa grete honour it is worthi to have for his worthynes1 that he is euer redy to be at bidding of worthy dedis and honourable1 quhen he is requerit4 ,and the hyenes of his noble corage he thrawis him fra all appetite mysordinate of all vicis2 as quhen a ,knycht is tempt with ,couatise or ,auarice1 that his hert is sett and enclynit to that wrechit gredynesse that is moder of all wikkitnesse1 and of traysounis1 falsate1 barate1 trechery1 manesuering2 than suld he sauf his honour to have recourse to ,fortitude1 and thare sall he fynd na fault of help1 counsale1 and confourt1 to supplee him at nede2 for he is nouthir lache na ghit cowart1 na false hertit na negligent2 bot with him sall be foundyn strenth and fors1 hye curage in gudelynes1 quhilk efferis wele to be fere to the noble ,ordre of ,knychthede2 ffor throu that1 a ,knycht may be lorde of his curage1 and be maister of himself1 and ourecum all vicis4 ,and thus suld ilke noble ,knycht think on the noble ,king ,alexander of ,macedoyne1 and of his liberalitee1 the quhilk had sa noble a curage1 that he dispisit auarice and couatise2 in largesses of giftis1 he had euer the hand opyn till all men1 alswele frende as fa2 throu the quhilk renoune of fredome the souldiouris of his inymyes that war auariciouse and couatouse1 come fra thame till hym1 and gert his company grow1 and euermare and mare he conquest1 and euermare and mare delt till his men2 and thus1 throu his renoune of liberalitee and dispising of the vice of auarice1 with othir vertues of noblesse of fortitude1 he come to the honour of ,conqueroure of all the ,warld4 ,quhairfore1 all nobil ,knychtis suld euer think on vertues of noblesse and of largesse1 and despise auarice and couatise2 that he be nocht subject till vnworthy persounis1 na wyrk nane vnworthy dedis2 na think to mak nane vnworthy conquestis throu auarice1 the quhilk efferis nocht to noble and worthy ,ordre of ,knychthede--,accydo est male4 ,suerenes is a vice quhilk makis a man to hate all gudelynes and to lufe all viciousnes4 ,be the quhilk vice1 thare is ma folk condampnyt na be ony othir vice in this warlde be takenis and signis may be persauit2 and be the contrair1 that is wilfulnes in gudelynes to do gude werkis1 men may knawe the takenis of a man that sal be savit fra dampnacioune better1 and mare clerely1 na be ony vertuouse condicione that man may haue2 and thus1 quha will ourecum and vencuse ,suerenesse1 he mon nedely begyn at gude1 and fortitude of curage1 throu the quhilk he ourecummis the inclinacioune of ,suerenes that mannis flesch is inclynit to1 be the syn of ,adam1 our held fader1 quhilk of the erde takis inclinacioune mare to sleuth na to diligence1 and mare till euill na to gude2 ffor sleuth and leithfulnesse drawis efter it dule and displesaunce of othir mennis gude auentures1 and is blythe of thar mysfortunys3 and quhare thai haue euill1 thai wald it war wer1 and thus has he ay disese2 ffor he has disese and dule of thair gude1 and syne he has disese and dule of that1 that thai haue nocht sa mekle euill as he wald2 the quhilk puttis thame in ire and in passione dolorouse contynualy1 bathe in body and saule2 and tharefore1 thou ,knycht that wald vencuse that vice of sleuth1 pray to ,god to graunt th force in curage of diligence aganis that vice of sleuth1 that thou may ourethrawe him1 and halde him at vnder2 and think how that our ,lord ,god1 quhen he gevis till othir men ony grace or gudelynes for thair gude meritis1 he takis nocht fra th to give thame1 na he gevis thame nocht all the gudis that he has to geve2 bot that he has yneuch bathe to geve th and otheris1 that makis him gude cause2 of the quhilk he gevis vs ane example in the ,ewangel1 sayand1 ,amice1 non facio tibi injuriam1 ,that is to say1 ,quhen the vignerones labouraris had wroucht all the day1 fra the morne early till nycht1 and otheris began at the ,evyn-sang tyme1 and wroucht rycht sa to the nycht2 and the ,lord of the wynis gave thame y-lyke feis for thair day werk2 and thai that had wrocht fra the morne airly murmurit the ,lord1 sayand1 ,he was vnrychtwise1 that gave thame alsmekle that began at ,evyn-sang tyme as to thame that began at morne airly3 and he ansuered1 ,that he did thame na wrang1 quhen he departit his awin gude at his awin will1 and payde tham all that he hecht thame2 quharefore thai had na cause to murmur him1 na to haue nane envy at thair nychtbouris1 as said is4 ,orgueille1 that is callit ,pryde1 thinkis na man pere till him1 and is a grete vice2 ffor he wald na man war sa gude na sa worthy as he1 and had leuer be him allane1 na in ony company that him thocht na pere till him4 ,and ,humilitee and ,fortitude are twa vertues that lufis evynlynes1 and sa ar thai aganis ,pride2 and1 tharefore1 gif a proud1 hichty1 hautane ,knycht may nocht stanche his awin pride1 call till ,mekenes and ,fortitude2 ffor mekenesse withoutyn stedefastnes may nocht gaynstand pryde2 ffor quhen thai twa ar togidder1 than may thai wele gaynstand pryde2 na pryde may neuer be vencust1 but mekenesse and stedefastnes of fortitude2 ffor kyndely thing is1 that quhen a ghong ,king is sett on his hye horse1 he is proud and hautane1 but syne cummys fortitude of humilitee1 with grete stedefast mynde1 thinkand how he suld haue pryde in his hert1 quhen he rememberis of all the poyntis of his ,ordre1 and quhy he is maid ,knycht4 ,bot quhat is the pryde of a proud haultane man worth1 quhen he can nocht remembre of the poyntis that ,god may sone lawe him with8 ffor thare is na man sa proud and full of orgueill1 bot and he had bene disconfyte and ourecumyn in bataill place and vencust1 bot he suld be full meke2 and that fallis ofttymes amang ,knychtis of honoure3 for quhy8 the fors of ane othir mannis corps has strykyn doune the pryde of his curage3 ,and thus sen fors corporale in a strange persone has lawit his pryde1 it war lyke that fors of humilitee spirituale1 that is fer mare vertuouse1 suld in his awin persone ourecum pryde2 sen the tane is spirituale noblesse1 and the tothir corporale4 ,item1 ,envy is a vice that is not agreable to ,god1 na justice1 na charitee1 na to largesse1 the quhilk pertenis to the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 and thus quhen ony ,knycht has his hert failit1 and his curage lawlyit1 that he may no mare folow the actis of noblesse1 na dedis of were1 for faulte of strenth of curage that is failit in him1 na has nocht in him1 ,justice1 ,charitee1 na ,largesse1 syk men dois injure to thair ,ordre of ,knychthede1 that gerris mony ,knychtis be envius of othir mennis gude fortune1 and thai ar suere and lythir to trauaile thame to wyn honoure in armes1 the quhilk bringis the richessis2 for euer efter honour thare cummys rychesse1 and thai that ar thus enviouse takis fra othir men the gude that is nocht1 na may nocht be thairis1 ffor thai wald pres thame to reve thame thair honoure1 quhilk1 quhen thai had gert thame tyne1 throu murmuracioune and enviouse langage of bakbyting1 that honour that thai tak fra thame1 may nocht cum to thameself2 and be syk ,enuy he dois mony thingis that ar discordant till his ,ordre4 ,item1 ,ire is a stroublance of curage1 and of gude mynde1 and gude will1 and disturnis a mannis curage to vengeaunce2 and thus1 quha sa lykis to sett remede in this vice of ,ire1 he mon haue recourse to forse of corage2 that is1 the lord and maister of mannis mynde and his passions1 and syne seke to ,pacience and to ,charitee1 the quhilkis ar cheif of counsale to ,knychthede1 and with temperaunce1 mese his mynd and bryng his hert to sobirnes2 and thir ,vertues ay bringis allegeaunce of the grete paynis and trauailis that ,ire has movit in mannis hert3 and in samekle as the ire is the mare1 in samekle suld force of curage of noblesse of ,knychthede be the starkare to ourecum the vnresonable passions of ire1 the quhilkis cummis ay of euill1 and dois bot euill1 ffor the ire of man makis nocht man to haue mare rycht anent ,godwart2 bot man suld be armyt with gude will1 sobernesse1 humilitee1 and pacience1 charitee and abstinence1 and syne cummys justice1 and bringis wisedome with him1 and annoblis the ,ordre of ,knychthede fere mare na it was before1 and thus we haue that aganis all vicis of the ,seven ,dedely ,synnis3 ,the vertu of ,force1 with help of thir othir counsalouris that we haue here before namyt1 is souerane remede aganis thame4 ,and now is it spedefull that we se quhat is the vertu of ,temperaunce1 and quhat it is nedefull and behovefull till3 ,and as to that1 the ,doctour sais1 ,that ,temperaunce is a vertu quhilk haldis him euer in the mydwarde betuene twa vicis1 that is to say1 betuene oure lytill and oure mekle1 and thus techis temperance a man to kepe the mydwarde1 ffor vertu is ay in the mydwarde3 ffor man that has na mesure in himself1 quhen he dois outhir till the hye or to the law1 thare wantis discrecione of temperaunce and mesure1 7the quhilk is nedefull to be in ,knychthede71 ffor quhen ,knycht knawis nocht his quantiteis of his mesure in all his dedis1 his honoure is in were3 ffor he suld be temperit in largesse1 that he be nouthir fule large na oure wrechit2 in hardinesse1 that he be nocht fule hardy na oure cowart2 in etyng and drinking that he be nocht glutone1 na gormand1 na slut1 na slutheroune1 na zit dronkynsum2 na that he hunger nocht himself for wrechitnes2 in his speche that he haue nocht our mony wordis1 na that he be nocht oure bestely1 na our blate1 that he haue na langage1 na collacione in tyme quhen it efferis2 alsua in his clething that he excede nocht1 na that he be nocht oure wrechit3 ,and thus in all thing to hald mesure is temperaunce3 ,and schortly to say1 it is the reugle of all wisedome1 and but it na ,knycht may well gouerne his ,ordre1 na neuer sall men fynd temperance bot with wisdome and with vertu4 ,item1 ,gude custume and vsage is till ,knychtis to here every day the ,messe1 quhare euer he be1 gif it may gudely be gottyn1 and gif ony preching or teching of clerkis1 or wyse men be proponyt1 he suld be redy euer to here the ,word of ,god1 and euer be redy till honoure1 anourne1 and pray to ,god1 and to lufe him1 serue him1 honoure him1 and obeye him in all place1 atour all thing2 and in all his dedis1 haue euer his hert on him1 and euer think on the ,passioun of ,crist1 and on his awin dede1 that he mon anyss dee1 and think on the schortnes and the wrechitnes of this warld1 and of the paynis of ,hell1 and of the grete joyis and glore celestiall of ,hevyn2 ,and euer ask him of his grace that hye glore of ,paradise1 and traistis wele that he that takis mare plesaunce in haukis and houndis1 deliciouss metis1 joly clethingis1 fair women1 gude wynis and spicis1 lycht wordis with negligence of ,goddis seruice1 and lycht lying and despising of ,goddis pure peple1 and of the lawis of ,god and man1 syk ,knychtis ar nocht worthy ,knychtis1 bot erar dispisaris of the ,ordre1 and inymyes to ,knychthede2 ffor sum trowis in wichecraftis1 as in meting of bestis1 or in fleyng of foulis with thame or agayne thaim1 or on rycht hand1 or on left hand1 sayand1 the rycht syde gais aganis him1 and the left syde gais with him3 ,and sayand1 ,that all sik folyis efferis nocht to wisedome1 resone1 na discrecioune1 na to gude faith4 ,bot it as foly of fulis that grevis ,god1 and castis men of ,goddis grace1 and gerris thair inymyes oft tymes be maisteris of thame1 quhen thai will nocht tak documentis of gude teching1 na gude thewis to reugle thair dedis1 and mare has traist in thair fretis and folyis1 na in the faith of ,god ,almychty4 ,and tharfor1 thai that vsis thir folyis1 and levis the ,vertues before said of ,fayth1 ,gude ,hope1 and ,charitee1 ,humilitee1 ,largesse and ,lawtee1 and nobilnesse of ,forse of curage1 to gaynstand all thir vnworthy fantasyes1 he is nocht worthy to bere that hye1 worthy1 and noble ,ordre of ,knychthede that dois thus2 ffor sum ,knycht has syk custumes to trow1 quhen euer he seis a nakit womman in the mornyng1 he sall nocht do his prouffit na honoure that day1 na quhen he seis a womman kemmand hir hede nakit in the mornyng1 he sall nocht have honour in armes that day2 and this is a false vnworthy treuth1 ffor a juge that kepis the lawis that he is ordanyt to kepe1 dois wele his office4 ,sa dois a ,knycht quhen he vsis resone and discrecione1 and kepis fayth and lawtee with all the laue of ,vertues of noblesse1 than is he worthy ,knycht1 and kepis wele his ,ordre3 ,bot a ,knycht that wyrkis eftir ghone fretis1 that we have here sum part namyt1 and otheris1 and levis the ordre of gude vertues and gude thewis1 he is dois evin as a juge that leuis gude and suthfast witnessis led in a cause before him1 and jugis agayn gude fayth1 be the chirmyng of foulis1 or be the berking of doggis1 and syk lyke thing2 and thus ,knycht suld be ferme in the faithe1 nocht variand1 na suld nocht traist in sik fretis1 na wichcraft2 and leue the verray faith of ,god1 ffor all syk thingis are bot janglyng of fendis1 that fleis in the ayre1 that temptis ,cristyn folk1 to ger them vary fra the rycht faith to drawe thame to thair condampnacione4 ,item1 ,till ,knychthede efferis2 principaly to be amorouse of the commone prouffit1 and of the commouns2 ffor quhy8 be the commouns1 and for the commone prouffit ,knychthede was foundyn1 stablyst1 and ordanyt1 than suld ,knychtis be curius of thair prouffit1 be resone2 ffor gude resone gevis1 that all ,princis1 ,lordis1 and ,knychtis specialy1 sulde be mare curius of the commoun prouffit1 na of thair awin propre gudis2 ffor quhy8 it is mare nedefull and mare spedefull1 and grettar and mare necessair1 ffor the commoun prouffit riches bathe ,prince and ,peple1 and gude propre gudis1 bot a persone proprely1 and mare gude1 is to be bathe riche1 ,prince and ,peple1 na he allane1 and nocht his peple4 ,item1 ,to ,knycht efferis to speke sobirly and wisely1 and curtasly2 and to be alssua nobly cled in diuerss clethingis1 and honourable1 fair horse1 fair harnais1 in the hanting of weris1 and gouernaunce that he has3 till hald alsua gude house1 eftir his power and estate1 till haue honest housing2 and treuly ,curtasy and ,knychthede suld neuer part company2 ffor foule and vilaynouse speche fylis the mouth of a noble ,knycht1 and sa dois it of all persone of estate2 hamelynes and gude specialitee of acquyntance with gude folk1 worthy and honest1 is wele accordant to ,knychthede4 ,item1 ,lautee1 ,veritee1 ,justice1 ,humilitee1 ,charitee1 ,largesse1 ,hardynesse1 ,prowesse1 with ,forse in curage and noblesse1 ,pitee1 ,honestee1 ,drede1 ,schame1 with othir syk like ,vertues1 and otheris that we haue before namyt1 appertenis wele to be in company with the noble ,ordre2 and rycht as we say1 ,that in ,god is all vertu1 all noblesse1 and all gudelyness1 sa suld all ,knychtis1 ,lordis1 and ,princis1 folow at all thair gudely powere the futsteppis of thair ledare1 lord1 and techour1 ,jhesu ,crist1 quhilk all his werkis that he wrocht was all to geve us gude instructioun to gouerne vs in syklike maner4 ,and all the writtis that euer was writtin for our documentis and teching1 for the teching of the keping of horse and harnais and wapinis1 is nocht anerly the instructione of ,knychthede till his barnis and otheris that he suld teche vnder him3 bot the gude custumes1 gude instructiones in vertues1 and gude ensamples of gude godlyke gouernaunce1 efter all the form and maner before said1 suld be the gouernaunce of ,knychtis1 first in thameself1 and syne teche till otheris2 ffor he that better techis his horse na his barnis1 he gais nocht the rycht gate to teche the ,ordre4 ,decoration ,,octauum ,,capitulum4 ,,here ,,declaris ,,the ,,doctour ,,the ,,honouris ,,that ,,suld ,,be ,,done ,,to ,,the ,,noble ,,ordre ,,of ,,knychthede4 ,god himself ordanyt ,knychthede1 and honourit it1 and honouris it1 and alssua all the peple honouris ,knychthede2 and as is recountit be the ,lawis1 ,knychthede is honourit abufe all ,ordre that euer was next ,presthede1 as maist honourable ordre and office that is or wes1 and aboue all statis1 sauffand the ,haly ,ordre and ,office that sacrifyis the body of ,god1 the haly ,sacrament of the ,altare1 with the otheris ,sacramentis of the ,haly ,kirk4 ,and the said ,ordre of ,knychthede is rycht necessair to the gouernaunce of the warld1 as is before said1 in syndry placis2 and tharefore1 before all temporale ordre1 ,knychthede suld be honourit be mony resouns1 with all maner of peple2 ffor and ,emperouris ,kingis and ,princis had nocht annext to thame the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 with the vertues and propereteis1 and nobiliteis1 langand to the said ,ordre1 thaj war nocht worthy to be ,emperouris1 ,kingis1 na ,princis3 ffor suppose the ,office be gretare1 the ,ordre is y-lyke ane in ,kingis and in ,knychtis1 as ,presthede is y-lyke of degree1 bathe in ,pape1 ,cardynale1 and ,patriarche1 alsmekle is it in a symple preste3 and sa is it in ,kingis and ,princis knychthede1 in regarde of symple ,knychtis1 suppose the ,office be mare grete2 tharefore aucht thai till honoure the ,office and ,ordre of ,knychthede1 bathe ,emperouris1 ,kingis1 ,princis1 and ,barouns2 ffor quhan thai do nocht honoure to the said ,ordre1 thai do dishonour to thameself2 ffor the ,knychtis gerris the grete ,lordis1 ,princis1 and ,barouns be honourit aboue the small peple1 and than suld thai again do honour to the said ,ordre1 and honour thame abufe the peple4 ,item1 ,all ,knychtis ar free be thair ,ordre1 ffor ,knychthede and fredome acordis togeder rycht wele to the ryale magestee and lordschip2 and1 tharefore1 sen ,knychthede is ordanyt for the manetenyng1 defending1 and vp halding of ,emperouris and ,kingis1 ,princis1 ,barouns1 and all ,commouns and small peple1 than is it grete resone that thai all suld defend1 manetene1 and vphalde the honour of ,knychthede1 and all ,knychtis4 ,and to the honour of ,knychthede it appertenis1 that he be in honoure haldyn1 and that he be lufit for his gudelynes2 and that he be doubtit for his prowesse and hardynesse2 and that he be lovit for his noble dedis of worthynes2 and that he be hamely for his lawlynes1 and hichty in tyme3 ,and because he is of the self ordre that ,kingis ar of1 he suld be haldin of counsale to ,kingis and of grete ,princis2 and because that he is of the natur of all mankynde1 and enclynit to vicis1 he is the mare worthy and honourable that he has force of noble curage to abstene him tharefra3 ,and1 tharefore1 suld a ,knycht dispise all vicis1 and lufe all vertues2 ffor the quhilkis1 all ,knychtis ar honourit1 and nocht for othir cause2 and all ,prince1 ,king1 ,lord1 or ,barone1 that honouris ,knychthede1 outhir in court or in counsale1 in house or in semblee1 he honouris himself3 ,and alsua1 quha honouris thame in gouernement of bataill1 honouris himself2 and alssua1 all ,lord1 that of a wise ,knycht makis him a seruand1 delyueris his honour in the handis of noblesse of gude curage2 and quhat ,lord or ,prince that encreseis the honoure of a wise ,knycht in his seruice1 or multiplyis it1 encressis and multiplyis his awin honour2 and quhat euer ,lord that manetenys ,knycht that is in office1 ordanyt till him1 and enforsis him in his office1 he enforsis him self and his lordschip2 and ,lord1 that is bathe ,prince and ,knycht1 has grete affinitee1 and lufe and frendschip to ,knychthede1 and grete company suld haue thar with3 ,and gif he requeris of foly and euill maner of trety1 ony ,knychtis wyf till enclyne hir to wikkitnes1 he excedis the honoure of ,knychthede2 na ghit alsa a ,knychtis wyf that has barnis vnlaufull of villaine generacione1 dois lytill honour to the ,ordre of ,knychthede1 that scho is honourit throu2 bot scho destroyis ande puttis to nocht the noble lignie and confraternitee of ,knychthede4 ,and quhat ,knycht that has his barnis in matrymonye with ony villaine womman1 he dois lytill honour to the noble ,ordre of ,knychthede1 na to the band of gentrise3 ,and sen it is sa that noblese and gentillesse ar of tendernesse and frendschip to ,knychthede1 and to the honour of ,knychthede1 and of his ,lady be the honourit band of mariage2 and the contrair is destructione of ,knychthede4 ,thus gif noblis and gentill men that ar na ,knychtis1 and has bot honour and worschip of thair awin birth and natiuitee1 ar oblist naturaly to honour of ,noblesse and ,knychthede be the vertu of gentrise that thai ar natyf till1 than mekle mare ar ,knychtis behaldyn to the honoure and worschip of ,knychthede1 quhilkis be thair ordre thai ar bundyn to2 ffor in that that thai do honoure to thair ,ordre1 thai do honoure to thame self3 ,for all ,knycht is oblist at all powere to honour his persone2 first to be wele cled in his persone1 syne to be wele horssit1 and syne wele enarmyt and harnest in his habilliament1 and alsua aw nobily to be seruit of noble persons3 that is to say1 persouns vertuouse1 sen all noblenesse presupponis vertu4 ,but ghit mekle mare but comparisone is he behaldyn till honoure him self with noblesse of curage2 ffor the quhilk noblesse of curage he beris that hye and noble ,ordre of ,knychthede1 the quhilk alssua is defoulit and dishonourit quhen a ,knycht levis vertu of curage1 and takis him false cogitaciouns of traysouns1 ref and rape1 murder and thift1 and puttis out of his curage1 and slokis all the said vertues of noblesse1 as ,justice1 ,temperance1 ,fors1 and ,prudence with ,faith1 ,gude ,hope1 and ,charitee1 ,liberalitee and ,lautee1 with otheris before namyt1 appertenand to the maist noble ,ordre3 ,and thus1 ,knycht that dishonouris ane ,knycht his fader in ,knychthede1 is nocht worthy to be honourit1 ffor gif he war honourit sen he dishonouris his awin ,ordre1 mekle wrang war than done to the noble ,ordre1 to do honour till him that dishonouris him self and his ,ordre2 ffor quha may better honoure or dishonoure the ,ordre na thai that are of the ,ordre1 and berand the ,ordre3 and thus sen ,knycht has in his hert a noble duelling place for the vertues and noblesse of curage1 that suld gouerne and manetene ,knychthede1 kepe well that castell place and duelling1 that it be nocht oure sett na segit with vicis1 than mekle honour and reuerence is worthi to be done till him for his mekle worschip and noblesse2 and the mare that ,knychthede be assemblyt with hie ,princehede or hye ,lordschip1 the mare is the ,knycht behaldyn till honoure his ,nobile ,ordre1 and mare oblist to manetene his ,knychthede with worschip3 ,at the reuerence1 honour1 lufe1 loving1 seruice1 and doubting of ,almychty ,god1 oure gloriouse ,saluioure1 and of his dere and gloriouse ,moder and ,virgyne oure suete ,lady ,marye1 and all the ,haly ,court of ,hevin4 ,,in ,,nomine ,,patris1 ,,et ,,filij1 ,,et ,,spiritus ,,sancti1 ,,amen4 ,explicit ,lordre de ,chevalrie4 ,,here ,,endis ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,ordre ,,of ,,knychthede4 ,appendix4 ,decoration ,no4 ,i4 ,,extracts ,,from ,the ,buke of the ,law of ,armys4 ,fol4 #a4 ,gracia ,domini nostri ,jhesu ,christi1 et caritas ,dei1 et communicacio ,sancti ,spiritus sit semper cum omnibus nobis in ,christo ,jhesu ,domino nostro4 ,amen4 ,here begynnys the ,buke callit ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,law ,,of ,,armys1 the quhilk was compilit be a notable man1 ,doctour in ,decreis1 callit ,,bonnet1 ,,prioure ,,of ,,sallon2 the quhilk1 quhen it was maid1 callit it ,the ,fleur of ,bataillis1 or the ,tree2 into the quhilk ,buke thare salbe foure partis efter as the ,rubryis schawis4 ,the ,first part salbe1 ,of the ,tribulacioun of the ,kirk before the ,natiuitee of ,christe4 ,the ,secund party salbe1 ,of the ,tribulaciouns and ,destructioun of the ,four ,principale ,realmes grettest of the ,warld1 c4 ,the ,thrid salbe1 ,of ,bataillis in generale4 ,the ,ferde1 ,of ,bataillis in specialitee4 ,,here ,,begynnys ,,the ,,rubryis ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,party1 ,,etc41 ,,be ,,the ,,quhilkis ,,men ,,may ,,better ,,knaw ,,the ,,processe ,,of ,,the ,,said ,,buke1 ,,and ,,of ,,euery ,,chaptere ,,specialy4 ,in the ,first ,chapiter he speris1 ,quhat thing is ,bataill8 i ,the ,second ,chapiter is1 ,quhare was first foundyn ,bataill8 ii ,the ,third is1 ,of the tribulacions of the ,kirk by passit1 iij ,the ,ferde is1 ,of the first ,angel1 iiij ,the ,fyft is1 ,of the tother ,angel1 v ,the ,exposicioun apon the tothir party of the ,visioun of ,sanct ,johne1 vj ,the thrid ,angel1 vij ,the ferde ,angel1 viij ,the fyft ,angel1 ix ,and ghit spekis he mare furtherly of the ,visioun1 x ,expliciunt ,rubrice ,prime ,partis1 etc4 ,sequitur ,prologus in breuibus4 ,here folowis the ,proloug of the said ,buke1 in termis1 as the forenamyt ,,doctoure ,,bonnet1 ,prioure of ,sallon1 maid his first ,intitulacioun and ,prohemium3 ,and syne efter sall folowe the principale parties of the ,buke forenamyt1 ,translatit be me ,,gilbert ,,of ,,the ,,haye ,,knycht1 ,maister in ,arte1 and ,bachilere in ,decreis1 ,chaumerlayn vmquhile to the maist worthy ,king ,charles of ,fraunce1 at the request of ane hye and mychty ,prince and worthy ,lord1 ,,williame ,,erle ,,of ,,orknay ,,and ,,of ,,cathnes1 ,lord ,synclere1 and ,chancelare of ,scotland1 in his ,castell of ,rosselyn1 the ghere of our ,lord a thowsand four hundreth fyfty and sex4 ,fol4 #b4 ,,prologus4 ,to the haly ,croune of ,fraunce1 in the quhilk this day regnys ,,charles ,,the ,,sext of that name1 the quhilk is lufit and redoubtit oure all the warld be the ordynaunce of ,god2 till him be gevin honoure1 lose1 and glore1 abune all erdely ,lordschippis3 ,maist hye ,prince ,i am callit1 be my richt name1 ,,bonnet ,,priour ,,of ,,sallon1 ,doctoure in ,decreis4 ,the quhilk ,i haue had mony smale thouchtis and gude will to mak sum ,buke2 ,first1 in the honoure of ,god1 and of his suete ,moder1 and of ghour hye ,lordschip4 ,and the resouns quhy ,i haue vndertane to mak this ,buke ar gude yneuch1 as semys me4 ,and ,first and formast1 for quhy8 ,that the state of ,haly ,kirk is in sik tribulacioun that bot gif ,god oure ,lorde set sum gude remede1 the quhilk was wont till mak gude cheuisaunce and gude end1 in that mater be the ,brether of the faith1 auentureris of the ,christin ,faith1 ,i can se be na way that it may wele be1 bot gif thare be sum gudely way of acordaunce fundyn and sone4 ,the ,secund cause is and resoun1 ,for ,i se all ,cristyndome sa grevit1 and stroublit of weris1 discensiouns1 thiftis1 and reueryis1 haterentis1 and envyes1 that men kennys almaist na realme in ,cristyndome bot it is in were4 ,thrid resone is1 for quhy8 ,that the land of ,provence1 of quhilk ,i am borne and vp brocht1 is sa turnyt now for the renewing of new ,lordschip1 and for diuerse opyniouns that ar amang ,lordis and the ,communiteis1 that with grete payne may ony wyse man here it be rehersit1 the mekle sorowe that the ,commouns sustenis for sik debatis4 ,the ,ferde resoun1 for quhy8 ,that mony notable ,clerkis1 the quhilkis wenys thai vnderstand wele the glosyng of ancien ,prophecies1 sais1 that it sulde be ane of the hie lignie of ,fraunce1 the quhilk suld sett remede in all this thingis1 and put this trauailland warld in pes and rest1 that now is put in grete pestilence4 ,and for this cause my curage has gevin me to mak sum newing of thing till enfourme ghour ghouthede of mony syndry knaulagis of ,haly wrytt1 sa that ghour curage suld be movit the mare to help to sett remede in the ,haly ,cristyn faith1 the quhilk is in poynt of perising1 and geve it socour2 and to geve ghow corage for to do in sik manere1 that the ,prophecyes1 the quhilkis are presumyt to be vnderstandin in ghour persone maist worthy1 be verifyit in ghour maist noble and worthy ,princehede1 throu ghour notable and haly werkis3 ,and forthy1 ,i mak ghour ,hienes hertly request and supplicacioune1 that nathing that ,i sall put in this ,buke1 ghe disprise1 na lichtly1 ffor all that ,i here say takis foundement of ,haly ,writt1 and of the ,decreis and ,lawis ,cannon and ,ciuile1 and ,philosophy ,naturale1 that is ,natural ,resoun4 ,the quhilk ,buke sal be callit ,,the ,,floure ,,of ,,bataillis1 ,,or ,,the ,,tree3 ,and syne mon ,i pas to my werk2 and tharefore is thare cummyn to me sik ane ymaginacioun1 that ,i will ger mak a ,tree1 the quhilk sall bere bot fruyte of sorowe2 as men may se1 that all the persecuciouns of the ,kirk and ,contreis beris bot fruyte of dule and diseise2 departit in ,four ,partis1 as is before said1 on the quhilkis ,four ,partis the diuisioun of oure ,buke sal be foundit1 etc4 ,,explicit ,,prohemium4 ,,primum ,,capitulum4 ,fol4 #b1 b4 ,sen it is sa that apon this mater1 the quhilk may be lyknyt till a ,tree1 that may bere na fruyte but fruyte of doloure and diseiss1 we see twa partis principale1 amang the quhilkis is grete discorde1 discensioun1 and were2 first1 apon the ,haly ,kirk and the ,fredome of it1 as apon the ,pape1 and the ,sege of ,rome1 with the fredomys3 ,and apon the tothir part1 we see1 how amang ,kingis and ,princis1 and ,temporale ,lordis1 thare is rysin sa grete discensiouns1 discordis1 and weris1 that the ,brethir of the ,fayth1 as ,nobles1 men that wont was to be werreyouris to defend the ,kirk rycht1 ar now rysyn agayne the ,commouns and ,comiteis agayn thame1 that grete dule is to se3 ,quharefore this ,buke may wele be comparit till a ,tree quhilk beris na fruyte1 but fruyte of dule1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,here ,,eftere ,,folowes ,,the ,,declaracioun ,,of ,,the ,,rubryis ,,of ,,the ,,secund ,,buke1 ,,etc4 ,fol4 #aa4 ,in the first1 ,of the persecucioun and destructioun of the ,foure grete ,realmes4 #aaf ,item1 ,how and in quhat tyme the ,citie of ,rome was first foundit4 #b ,item1 ,in quhat tyme gouernyt the ,senatouris4 #c ,item1 ,of the gouernement of the ,king ,tules4 #d ,item1 ,of the ,king ,fernicle ,archy4 #e ,item1 ,efter of the ,king ,tarquyn4 #f ,item1 ,of the dede of ,king ,alexander4 #g ,item1 ,here he spekis of grete ,archile1 ,consul of ,rome4 #h ,item1 ,here spekis he of grete ,sir ,sempny1 ,consul of ,rome4 #i ,item1 ,of the grete worthynes of ,schir ,sypre1 ,consul of ,rome4 #aj ,item1 ,how grete ,cartage was destroyit4 #aa ,item1 ,how the ,almaynis wan a bataill apon the ,romayns4 #ab ,item1 ,of ,scilla1 the grete inymy of the ,romayns4 #ac ,item1 ,how the ,provincis maid ,julius ,cesar thaire lord1 for his worthynes4 #ad ,item1 ,how that ,fortune is rycht variable4 #ae ,item1 ,here he spekis of ,sir ,arthoma1 ,consul of ,rome4 #af ,item1 ,spekis he of a questioun1 be the quhilk thar come first ,jurisdictioun amang men4 #ag ,item1 ,here he tellis quha was first ,juge amang men4 #ah 99 99 99 99 99 ,fol4 #ba1 b4 ,,here ,,folowis ,,the ,,chapteris ,,of ,,the ,,thrid ,,party ,,of ,,this ,,present ,,buke1 ,,as ,,folowis ,,here ,,be ,,declaracioun4 ,in the first1 ,quhethir it be lefull and lawufull thing till entre in cloisit feldis to defend richtwise cause4 #a ,item1 ,of the samyn mater ghit spekis he mare furtherly4 #b ,quhethir it be thing possible that this ,warld be in pes4 #c ,how that ,force is ane of the principale foundementis of ,bataill4 #d ,how it may be kend in a ,man gif he be forsy or nocht4 #e ,quhethir is mare vertu till a man to assailghe1 or to byde in felde4 #f ,be how mony thingis may men knaw the prowess of a ,knycht4 #g ,a man suld erar chese to dee in felde1 na flee fra the bataill4 #h ,quhat punycioun suld he haue that passis fra the ,ost but leue4 #i ,quhat punycioun suld he haue that fechtis wyth his ,lordis inymy but leve1 or of the ,constable4 #aj 99 99 99 99 99 ,fol4 #bf4 ,,here ,,begynnis ,,the ,,table ,,of ,,the ,,ferde ,,part ,,of ,,this ,,buke4 ,in ,primis ,off quhat rycht1 or quhat evin cummys ,bataill4 #aag ,be quhat rycht or resoun may ,men moue were agaynis the ,sarraghenis or othir mistrowaris4 #b ,gif the ,emperoure suld moue were agayne thame1 quha suld obey till his mandement4 #c ,quhethir othir ,princis na the ,emperoure may moue were apon the ,sarraghenis4 #d ,quhethir the ,emperoure may ordane were agayne the ,pape1 or agayne the ,haly ,kirk4 #e ,quhethir the ,pape may mak were on him4 #f ,quhat thingis may ger moue ,bataill necesse4 #g ,quhat thingis pertenis till a gude ,knycht to do4 #h ,quhat thingis pertenis to the ,duke of the battaill4 #i ,how1 and for quhat caus1 a ,knycht suld be punyst4 #aj ,quhethir ,strenth be a ,vertu morale4 #aa ,quhethir1 gif the ,duke of the bataill be tane1 men suld haue merci of him1 and saue his lyf4 #ab ,gif ,forse be a ,vertu ,cardinale or nocht4 #ac ,quhethir ,presonaris that are tane in bataill be the takaris or the lordis that payis the wagis4 #ad ,quhethir the ,vassaillis suld pas in were on thair awin cost1 or on the princis costis4 #ae ,gif a ,barouns men suld help thair ,lord agayne their ,king1 and serue in his weris or nocht4 #af ,gif twa ,barouns has were ilk ane agayne othir1 quhethir suld thair men help ilkane his awin ,lorde1 or thair ,king1 and he charge thame4 #ag ,quhethir ,i aw to defend my nychtbour in armys1 and men wald sett to sla him4 #ah ,quhat ,personis ar behaldin to defend othir4 #ai ,how the ,bonde is behaldin to defend his ,lorde4 #bj ,how the ,sone is behaldin to defend the ,fader1 but the leue of the justice4 #ba ,quhethir erar is the ,sone behaldin defend his ,fader1 or his natural ,lord maister4 #bb ,quhethir a ,clerk suld erar help his ,fader or his ,bischop1 and he haue were4 #bc ,quhethir to conquest gudis rychtwisely ,men may lefully mak defensable were4 #bd ,quhethir for vnrychtwise conquest ,men may mak were diffensable4 #be ,quhethir ,prestis and clerkis may defend thair gudis be armes4 #bf ,gif ,armoure lent and tynt in felde suld be restorit4 #bg ,gif ,armoure or horse hyrit and tynt suld be restorit4 #bh ,gif a ,knycht be arrest douand his ,princis charge1 quhethir has the ,knycht or the ,prince actioun to the party4 #bi ,gif a ,man gais to the weris vnchargit1 sall he tak wagis4 #cj ,gif a ,knycht seruis a ,king vnchargit in his weris1 quhether may he laufully ask him his wagis4 #ca ,gif the ,king of ,spanghe sendis secours to the ,king of ,france in his weris1 as he has done othir tymes till him in sik lyke cas1 quhethir suld the ,spannollis ask wagis at the ,king of ,france4 #cb ,gif a ,man gais to were for vayn glore1 quhethir he may1 be law of armes1 ask wagis or nocht4 #cc ,gif a ,capitane doand his ,lordis bidding tyne his gudis1 gif his ,lord aw to restore him agayne4 #cd ,gif a ,man gais to the were for couatise to pele and rub gudis1 quhethir he may ask wage or noucht4 #ce ,gif a ,clerk may leuefully pas to the weris or nocht4 #cf ,in quhat termes the wage aw to be payit to ,men4 #cg ,gif a ,wageour gais to play and disport him1 with leue1 for a tyme1 gif he suld be payit of that tyme4 #ch ,gif a ,knycht has tane wagis of a ,king for a ghere1 and he wald within thre monthis pas his way till ane othir ,prince1 quhethir gif he suld be payit for the tyme that he had seruit4 #ci ,gif a ,sowdioure be payit of a ,prince for a ghere1 gif he may put ane othir in his stede or nocht4 #dj ,quhethir gif a ,capitane may send of his folk away1 that he has anys moustrit in felde4 #da ,gif a ,man of armes hapnis seke in the weris1 quhethir he may ask his wagis for all the tyme that he is seke or nocht4 #db ,how ,gudis suld be departit in the weris1 that ar wonnyn in tyme of the weris4 #dc ,gif a ,man may rychtwisely hald that he has tane fra a revare1 that set to reue him be the way4 #dd ,gif twa ,citeis makis were ilkane on othir1 quhethir thai may lefully mak were thai clamand to hald of na souerayne4 #de ,quhethir a ,man may sla his prisonare efter that he be tane and gheldit1 at his awin will4 #df ,gif a ,man may ask ransoun of gold and siluer at his prisonare be law or armes4 #dg ,quhethir for the weris that is betuix the ,kingis of ,ingland and of ,france1 the ,franchmen may leuefully tak the pure mennis gudis1 and mak achet of1 and mak presonaris thair persouns4 #dh ,quhethir a ,king may lefully1 be cautele and subtiltee1 ourset or disconfyte ane othir ,king4 #di ,quhethir ,bataill may lefully be on ,haly day4 #ej ,quhethir gif a ,man wrangis ane othir1 he may lefully recouer apon him be were his thing1 gif he may reclame him in jugement4 #ea ,gif a ,knycht deis in bataill in his ,princis querele1 quhethir his saule be sauf1 or nocht4 #eb ,quhethir ,rychtwise men or sinnaris ar starkar in bataill4 #ec ,quhy is there sa mekle ,were in this warld4 #ed ,gif a ,prisouner be suorne to hald prisoun1 and his takar put him atour his ath in stark prisoun or festnyng1 gif it be lefull to him to escape1 and brek presoun4 #ee ,gif a ,man be presonare till ane othir1 and he put him in a stark close toure1 in sekir festeynyg1 quhethir he be haldin to brek prison1 and eschape4 #ef ,gif a ,man has sauf condyt to com seurely1 nocht spekand of his way-passing1 quhethir he may be haldyn prisonar in his passing4 #eg ,gyf a ,man that has sauf conduct may bring on his sauf conduct gretare man na himself is4 #eh ,gif a ,man be tane prisoner apon ane otheris sauf condyt1 quhethir he that aw the sauf condyt suld outred him of prisoun on his awin cost4 #ei ,gif a ,man suld enter agayn in prisoun1 and he war rycht dredand for to be put to dede4 #fj ,gif a ,prince may lefully refuse ane othir ,prince to pas his voyage throu his contre but scath4 #fa ,quhethir ,kirkmen suld pay tailles1 tributis1 and inposiciouns to ,seclere kingis or princis4 #fb ,gif the ,kirk may mak were agayne the ,jowis4 #fc ,gif a ,man may ficht for his wyf in armes4 #fd ,how the ta ,brothir may defend the tothir in armys4 #fe ,gif a ,baron be vassall to twa ,lordis that makis weris in syndry contreis1 to quhilk of tham sall he mak seruice till4 #ff ,and gif a ,baron be vassall to twa lordis the quhilkis makis were ilkane apon othir1 quham to sall he mak seruice4 #fg ,quhethir ,bondis suld be constreynit to the weris4 #fh ,quhilk ,folk may nocht be strengheit to mak weris1 supposs thai be chargit4 #fi ,gif a ,man be hurt sarely be ane othir1 and he hurt him agayne1 gif he sal be punyst4 #gj ,gif a ,man bonde makis slauchter be the bidding of his ,lord1 suld he be punyst4 #ga ,quhethir a ,bonde may defend him again his ,lord1 and he war sett to sla him4 #gb ,gif a ,monk may defend him fra his ,abbot1 and he wald sett to sla him4 #gc ,gif the sone may lefully defend him agayn his fader1 and he wald sla him4 #gd ,gif a ,man may lefully defend him agayn his awin juge1 or nocht4 #ge ,gyf a ,man be banyst a realm1 and happin to cum in agayne be ony cas1 gif men wald set on him1 to tak him1 quhethir he aucht to defend him4 #gf ,gif a ,preste be assailit wyth his inymyes berand ,goddis sacrit body on him1 quhethir he aw to lay doun ,goddis body1 and defend him1 or nocht4 #gg ,gif a ,man may for mark be prisoner that maid neuer caus bot for otheris4 #gh ,how1 and in quhat maner1 mark suld be tholit or gevin be the ,prince4 #gi ,how suld mark be gevin aganis a ,citee that allegis to na soverayne4 #hj ,gif all ,lordis may graunt markis4 #ha ,how1 or be quhat resoun1 may it be steynd that the ,king of ,france be nocht subject to the ,empire4 #hb ,quhethir gif the ,king of ,ingland be subject ony way to the ,empire4 #hc ,gif a ,burgess haldand change and house at ,parise be tane and robbit be the way cummand to ,parise-wart1 quhethir he is to be gevin power of merk to for the gude recouering4 #hd ,quhethir a ,scolare at the study in ,parise of ,ingland borne1 aw to be prisonare4 #he ,quhethir a ,seruand suld joyse the priuilege that his maister has lang joisit4 #hf ,gyf ane ,inglissman cummys to ,parise to visyte his sone at the scule1 beand seke1 quhethir he aw to be prisoner1 or nocht4 #hg ,gyf ane ,inglissman cummys to ,parise to visyte his brother seke at the scule1 quhethir he aw to be prisonare1 or nocht4 #hh ,quhethir a ,studyand may lefully be haldin in prisoun for ony mark4 #hi ,quhethir a ,wode man may be haldyn presoner and ransound in the weris4 #ij ,quhethir a ,wode man1 efter that he be cummyn again to his wit1 may be haldyn presoner4 #ia ,quhethir a passand alde ,ancien man1 be law of armes1 may be haldin prisonere4 #ib ,quhethir a ,childe may lefully be tane and haldin presonere be the law of armes4 #ic ,quhethir a ,blynd man1 be law of armes1 may be tane and haldin presonere4 #id ,quhethir ,ambassadouris or ,legatis cummand to the ,king may lede his inymyes throu his realme with thame1 or nocht4 #ie ,quhethir a ,bischop may be tane presonere be a ,franch man1 the ,bischop beand of ,ingland4 #if ,quhethir a ,kirk man may be tane for mark4 #ig ,quhethir gif ,pilleryns may be maid presoneris be ony maner of weris of armes4 #ih ,quhat thingis in tyme of were has sauf condyt be priuilege unaskit at the ,princis4 #ii ,quhethir1 in tyme of were1 the ass and the ox suld bathe joise a maner of priuilege4 #ajj ,quhethir gif the varlet aw to joyce the priuilege of the husbandman4 #aja ,quhethir1 in tyme of weris1 folk may ledder castellis and wallit townis lefully4 #ajb ,how suld be punyst folk that brekis the ,princis sauf condyt1 or his assurancis4 #ajc ,quhethir a grete ,lord suld traist in a sauf condyt1 or ony othir lawar person4 #ajd ,quhethir gif a ,cristin ,king1 ,prince1 or ,emperour1 may gif a sauf condyt till ane othir ,king1 ,prince1 or ,emperoure ,sarraghene4 #aje ,gif twa ,lordis has made trewis togidder suorne1 quhethir gif the tane brek trewis gif the tothir suld rycht sa brek4 #ajf ,quhether better be to fecht fastand before mete1 or efter mete quhen men has dronkin4 #ajg ,quhethir bataill may be set before ,ladyes4 #ajh ,quhethir the ,quene ,jonat of ,naplis mycht lefully assailghie the ,king ,lowis de ,cicile4 #aji ,here previs the ,autour playnly how gage of bataill is reprovit be all maner of lawis4 #aaj ,here he puttis the case1 in the quhilk it is lefull to geve gage of bataill4 #aaa ,and ghit he puttis ane othir case in the quhilk law of armes will thole gage of bataill4 #aab ,and ghit ane othir case efter the lawis of ,lumbardy4 #aac ,and ghit ane othir case efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #aad ,and ghit ane othir ease efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #aae ,and ghit ane othir case efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #aaf ,and ghit ane othir efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #aag ,and ghit ane othir efter the lawis of ,lumbardy4 #aah ,and ghit ane othir case efter the lawis of ,lumbardy4 #aai ,and ghit ane othir case efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #abj ,and ghit ane othir case efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #aba ,and ghit ane othir case efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #abb ,and ghit ane othir case efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #abc ,and ghit ane othir case efter the said ,lawis4 #abd ,and ghit ane othir case efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #abe ,and ghit ane othir case efter the law of ,lumbardy4 #abf ,and ghit ane othir case efter the said ,lawis4 #abg ,how oft tymes the bataill in listis is nocht done be the principale persouns bot be otheris4 #abh ,the form and maner of thair ,aithis that suld fecht in barrieris of close listis in felde4 #abi ,gif a man passit age1 may put quham him list to campioun to ficht in barreris for him4 #acj ,gif ane of the campiouns brekis his suerd1 quhether ane othir suld be gevin him agayne4 #aca ,gif the ,lord may nocht knaw the first day quha has the lyklyar1 gif thai suld cum again on the morn1 and enter in felde as before3 ,quhilk of the twa campiouns suld first stryke4 #acb ,gif the vencust man suld pay the costis1 thouch the ,kyng remytt his actioun4 #acc ,gif a man has bene vencust of ony crime in barreris1 gif he may be accusit in jugement tharof4 #acd ,quhethir gif the campiouns may fecht in playne felde1 but barreris1 gif thai lykis4 #ace ,how he suld be punyst that has grantit his crime1 and vencust in barreris opinly4 #acf ,gif a ,knycht appelis ane othir1 quhether gif thai may leue of1 and forthink the appele4 #acg ,here1 he spekis of ,armes and baneris in generale4 #ach ,here he spekis of ,armes and baneris in specialitee4 #aci ,gif a ,man may tak otheris armes at his lyking4 #adj ,gif ane ,allemain fyndis a ,frenchman berand the samyn armes that he beris in felde1 quhethir gif he may appele him of battaill4 #ada ,how suld be punyst folk that beris othir mennis armes but leue1 to do tham ony lak4 #adb ,here spekis he of colouris in armes1 quhilkis are the maist noble2 and of thair diuisiouns4 #adc ,and first1 he spekis of the colour that is rede4 #add ,and syne he spekis of asure that is the blewe coloure4 #ade ,and syne he spekis of the quhite colouris4 #adf ,and syne he spekis of the colour that is blak4 #adg ,and syne he spekis of the condicioun and nature of the ordinance of the closing of the ,barreris4 #adh ,and ghit spekis he of the condicioun of the close felde1 ordanyt for fechting in barreris1 as said is4 #adi ,and ghit ane othir thrid reule of the condicioun and nature of close barreris4 #aej ,and ghit spekis he of the ferde condicioun and nature of the close felde1 that is callit barreris4 #aea ,and ghit the fyft doctryne gevis he of the form and maner and condicioun of the close felde4 #aeb ,and ghit the sext doctrine spekis he of the form1 maner1 and condicioun of the close barreris4 #aec ,here he speris quhat condicioun suld be in a gude ,emperoure be the nature of his hie office4 #aed ,quhat thingis appertenis to be in a gude ,prince1 ,king1 or othir4 #aee 99 99 99 99 99 ,,capitulum ,,cxxxviii1 c4 ,,here ,,spekis ,,the ,,doctoure ,,of ,,armes ,,that ,,ar ,,in ,,blasons1 ,,and ,,of ,,baneris ,,and ,,penouns4#ah ,fol4 #gg4 b4 ,now efter that he has determynit of ,bataillis bathe in generale and in speciale1 than will he declare the ,armes that all ,princis and ,nobles and othir ,gentillis aw to were1 and of thair colouris1 and discripciouns3 ,and fyrst1 ,quhethir a man that is nocht of thair lygnie may bere leuefully thair ,armes at his plesaunce8 the quhilk mater is nocht lycht to declare1 bot of grete difficultee for mony caussis4 ,and first1 men suld vnderstand that sum ,armes was gevin of power of autoritee of ,emperouris1 ,kingis1 and ,princis1 to ,lordis1 and otheris ,barouns1 or to thair predecessouris1 the quhilkis ar of alde tyme1 and of alde ancestrye1 that nane suld bere1 bot thai war cummyn of that lignie1 that is to say1 in the realme of the ,emperoure1 ,king1 or ,prince that gafe the said armes2 ffor and the ,king of ,france had gevyn a lyon of gold to bere till a ,lord of his contree1 quhat wrang dois that ,lord till ane othir ,lord of ,spaigne or of ,almane1 that the ,emperoure or the ,king of ,spayne had gevin it till4 ,bot thare is othir maner of ,armes1 the quhilkis ilke man that beris thame1 tuke at thair awin plesance to mak difference and knaulage amang ,lordis1 ,gentilis1 and noble men of armes1 to knaw ilk ane be othir4 ,and all namys and surnamys of men was foundyn ffor the samyn cause4 ,or ellis all suld haue bene in confusioun that nane suld haue had knaulage of ane othir4 ,and this name may ilke man tak1 and geue his barne at his awin plesance1 or the godfader1 or godmoder1 or frendes may geue namys to thair frendis2 and rycht sa in the samyn wyse is it of armes1 that in the begynnyng quhen the weris began1 till haue sum defference amang nobles1 sik armes was1 sum assignit be ,princis and ,lordis2 sum was tane at the plesance of partye2 sum be thair frendis consent and consale1 sa that men of honour and of estate suld be knawin be thair armes1 the quhilkis ar callit thair takenys in armoury4 ,and thus in were tyme1 new men of armes that has nane armes of propertee1 may in this wise tak armes at thair lyking syk as thame lest4 ,bot nocht to tak nane otheris ,armes4 ,,here ,,speris ,,the ,,doctour ,,gif ,a ,,man ,,may ,,tak ,,ane ,,otheris ,,armes ,,at ,,his ,,lyking4 ,as thus a ,man has tane to bere in his ,armes a low of gules in a champ of siluer1 ane othir of that ilke toune has tane the samyn efter that he has it wynteris and gheris4 ,than speris the questioun1 ,quhethir the first may gaynstand this armes and plenghe to the ,prince1 and ger this be reformyt and forborne4 ,and first he sais1 ,nay2 ffor quhy ony man may tak lefully1 as before said is1 ane othir mannis name1 and call his barne in the samyn toun1 ffor it befallis oft tymes that syndry men ar callit be a name in the samyn toun2 and may do it but lak4 ,and quhy then may thai nocht alswele tak twa ane armes1 or thre1 or alsmony as lykis4 ,bot the countre party sais agayne1 ,that it is a commoun vse and custume in mannis lawe1 and approuit be othir lawis1 that quha sa euer may first tak wilde foule1 or fysch1 or wylde beste in the wilderness1 it is his be the lawe4 ,and than1 sen this noble man has first tane sik a beste1 or sik a foule1 or sik a fisch1 to bere in his schelde and on his cote of armes1 and on his banere1 pannoun of armes1 or in blasone apon his heraulde or perseuandis brest1 or othir wayis to paynt in hall or chaumer at his lyking2 ,quhy suld ony othir tak it efterwart to bere that war in toune or in the samyn contree1 quhare it war borne8 ,and als it war mare thair scathe na thir prouffit1 ffor it wald quhilom mere men that had grete dedis ado1 quhen thai wend to cum to thair awin maister in werefare1 thai mycht failghe1 and othir wayis in syndry wyse mycht erre in thair dedis that mycht hynder bathe the partis that nedit nocht1 na is na poynt of gude gouernaunce1 na gude policy in dedis of armes3 ,and as langand this questioun the ,doctour makis sic a conclusioun1 ,that gif a gentill man or lord had tane ane armes at his plesance1 and borne it lang tyme opynly kend in dede of armes1 and in weris1 or othir wayis in tyme of pes1 that it war kyd and knawin till him and his lignage2 ,thare aw nane othir in that contree to tak the samyn to bere1 na the ,prince na the lord of that contree1 suld nocht lat tham bere it on na wise1 ffor than war the principale cause of ,armes-taking all forletyn2 ffor the principale cause of ,armes-taking is for to knawe the personagis of noble men in bataill1 or in armes1 or in tournamentis1 or to knawe a lord in felde be ane othir1 with his men1 and his frendis and wele willaris suld draw till him and knawe him be his takin1 and sa suld the diuersitee of armes mak the knaulage of the diuersitee of personnagis2 and gif it be hapnyt ony lorde or othir man to be slayn in felde1 and sa manglit that his visage mycht nocht be knawin1 be his cote of armes he suld be knawin and brocht to ,cristin beriss3 ,and alssua1 that be the defference of armes euer furth quhill the warld lestis1 men suld knaw be the takynnyng of thair armes1 thair sepulturis quhare thai ar beryit2 and quha was in thai tymes maist honourable and worthy men1 as oft tyme men seis apon thair sepulturis be thair frendis maid efter thaire decesse1 and sum be thame self or thai be dede2 be the quhilkis1 quhen all the lygnie is failit1 and the surname1 ghit will the valliance of thame be knawin be thair armes1 the quhilkis in armes are callit ,takenis3 ffor and syndry lordis or gentilis tuke all ane armes1 or takenis1 it was bot a confussioun4 ,and a mare grete resoun ffor be all gude custumes of noblesse1 lordis1 and gentilis1 makis thair selis efter thair armes1 and gif ane suld bere ane otheris armes in his sele1 men suld nocht wit quhais it war4 ,item1 all ,kingis suld kepe that na man do till othir dishonour1 schame1 na villany1 na injure1 na new novelliteis4 ,and it is to presume1 gif ony man wald newly tak ane alde armes of ane otheris that it war for dispyte or injure to despise him to prouoke noise and debatis for alde fede or enuy1 the quhilk the ,prince suld stanch4 ,and as to the argument1 it is na thing lyke till a man to be callit lyke till ane othir or syndry in a town2 ,for quhy8 ,for sik cause men has gert geve ilke man his surname that makis the difference4 ,bot and mony men bare ane armes1 how suld ony man1 ,haralde1 or othir1 knaw men1 na geve the honoure of gude dede till him that had honourabily deseruit it1 or to geve lak and dishonour till cowardis or flearis fra bataillis3 ,and tharefore1 in all sik debatis1 the ,prince suld ger sett remede4 ,and gif ony complaynt war1 se1 be ,harraldis and men of knawlage1 quha had rycht1 quha wrang1 and do justice4 ,,here ,,speris ,,the ,,doctoure ,,gif ,a ,,franch ,,knycht ,,saw ,a ,,ducheman ,,of ,,almane ,,berand ,,his ,,armes ,,but ,,difference1 ,,and ,,he ,,appellit ,,him ,,of ,,were ,,to ,,fecht ,,with ,,him1 ,,or ,,forbere ,,the ,,armes2 ,,quhethir ,,aw ,,he ,,to ,,be ,,admyttit1 ,,be ,,prince1 ,,or ,,nocht ,,to ,,feicht ,,in ,,barrieris ,,with ,,him4 ,as gif a ,knycht of ,almane wald cum to see noblesse in ,france1 as tournamentis or othir wasselage1 and that he fand a ,knycht in ,france at the tournayment1 that bare the samyn armes that he beris3 ,and thus he maid questioun bustously1 sayand1 ,he traistit he wrangit him and his lignie to bere thai armes1 sperand1 be quhat title of rycht he bare thame8 ,the ,knycht of ,france ansuerd1 sayand1 ,that he traistit that he mycht bere lefully the takyn of armes that his fader1 and forefader1 and all his ancestris had of sa lang tyme borne1 that thare was na memorye in the contrarye4 ,the ,duche ,knycht replyis agayn1 sayand1 ,gude ,sir1 suppose your fader and ancestris haue borne thame sik a tyme1 my kyn and ancestris ar of eldare begynnyng na ghouris1 and als ar mare noble of lignie2 quharefore1 sen ghe and ghouris has tane thame efter us1 and ghe ar nocht of sa grete noblesse of alde ancestry1 me think ghe suld deferr till us1 and nocht we to ghow3 ,quharefore1 ,i say ghe bere thame euill and wrangwisly1 and that ,i sall preue with my persone4 ,and with that the ,franchman sais1 ,that he dois him na wrang that beris the armes that his ancestres has of sa lang tyme borne1 and that he denyis his wrang1 and that sall he defende4 ,than is this the question1 ,quhethir the ,king aw to geve leve to thir twa ,knychtis to feicht1 or nocht8 ,and as to the first visage1 it semys thai suld be tholit1 be the resouns that the ,duche ,knycht allegis4 ,bot the ,doctouris accordis nocht to that opynion1 ffor as we have before said1 thai ar nocht of a realme1 na of a ,prince haldand1 quharfor the ,naciouns makis the defference sufficiand1 sa that it war nocht done for despyte1 na othir barate2 ffor gif a trauailand ,knycht of ,france had tane sik armes1 and he war a wikkit man1 of lyf a tyran1 and unhonourable1 that mycht defame the armes in ferre contreis1 the ,duche ,knycht mycht haue sum coloure and resoun tharefor1 gif the ,franch ,knycht past in ,burgone1 or ,barry1 or ,lorane1 and brynt and slewe1 and reft and forsit women1 and had renoun to be a wikkit man of lyf1 and men wist nocht his surname1 na of quhat contree he war1 and the tothir ,knychtis armes war kend our all thai countreis1 and sum men mycht traist that it war he2 and in this cas1 the ,duche ,knycht had resoun to ask him to be depriuit of his armes at the ,king of ,france1 and the ,king to grant it him1 gif the said ,duche ,knycht and his lignie war approuit men of honour1 and thareapon grant him leue of bataill in listis1 as said is1 gif him lykis for the cause1 efter the custumes may be tholit4 ,,here ,,speris ,,the ,,doctoure ,,how ,,thai ,,suld ,,be ,,punyst ,,that ,,beris ,,otheris ,,armes ,,wrangwisely1 ,,in ,,entencioun ,,to ,,do ,,mys ,,vnder ,,scoug ,,of ,,thame ,,couertly4 ,as gif a ,souldiour of symple state tuke the armes of a ,knycht ,noble of ,france that war of gude renoune1 bathe in honour of armes1 and othir wayes of alde ancienetee1 and that ,knycht of ,ducheland had tane thai armes newly1 in entent to be mare presit and honourit1 and to be hyar auansit1 and tak mare wagis1 in faith ,i traist that the ,king1 at the persuyt and request of partye1 the ,king aw to punyse him be law of ,armes4 ,as in the lyke maner1 gif a maister armoureur of ,parise1 that had renoun to be the best of that craft1 that war in ,france1 and in his werkis had a takyn that his werkis were knawin by1 and ane othir of ,troyes in ,champaigne tuke that ilke takyn1 sa that for the renoun of the ,parisien1 his werkis suld be the better sauld2 and rycht sa of coultellin1 or ony othir craft1 or of notairis1 gif ane dois falset vnder the sailign of ane othir1 ,i say1 all sik men suld be well and cruelly punyst be justice2 and gif the contrary war tholit1 it war grete damage to the realme4 ,,here ,,speris ,,the ,,doctour ,,quhat ,,armes ,,ar ,,maist ,,noble ,,be ,,the ,,colouris1 ,,and ,,quhat ,,colouris ,,ar ,,maist ,,noble ,,in ,,armes4 ,bot be cause the ,princis and ,lordis beris ,armes of mare noblesse na otheris2 and that the ,doctouris has spokyn in othir tymes1 and othir placis1 of ,princis armes1 and of thair baneris1 quharefore ,i will nocht here mak questioun1 na dout the quhilk armes are the maist noblez and the maist rychez2 ffor quhy1 that alwayis comparisoun is odious4#ai ,bot it plesis me to speke sum thing of ,colouris of ,armes1 and of thair descripciouns4 ,and as the ,doctour sais1 that sum of thame is mare noble na otheris1 for the representatioun that thai mak be thair propre nature1 and be this cause1 we say1 that colour of ,gold is the maist noble colour that is in this warld here2 and the resoun quhy is1 ffor be the nature of gold1 it is clere and schynand1 rich1 vertuouse1 and confortand2 ffor oure ,maisteris1 ,doctouris1 and ,medicinaris1 and ,philosophouris1 gevis the gold in syndry wise in medicyne to folk that ar debilitez in thair nature1 that thai can get nane othir remede for souerane remede2 and is lyknyt be his condicioun and nature to the ,sonne1 the quhilk is the maist noble planet that euer ,god maid1 and beris lycht till all the warld1 and encrescement and confourt till all naturale creaturis4 ,and the lawis sais1 that of all things that ,god maid1 the claritee and licht is the maist noble2 and1 tharefore1 the ,haly ,wrytt sais1 that the sanctis in hevyn schynis as the sonne2 and alssua oure ,souerane ,lord1 quhen he transfigurit him before his ,apostlis1 his visage apperit to thame as the ,sonne in someris day brycht3 ,and because the ,gold is comperit to the ,sonne1 as the propre effect of the ,sonne1 the quhilk is king and lord of all planetis1 and alssua is figurit be ,haly ,wrytt be the visage of our ,lord2 and be that cause the ancien ,princis1 in ald lawis of armes1 ordanyt that na noble man suld bere gold in his armes1 bot ,princis1 ,kingis1 and ,emperouris1 for the nobless of him3 ,and thus conclude we1 that the maist noble coloure is ,gold4 ,and suppose sum ignorant men wald say1 gold is metalle1 and na coloure1 that makis nocht2 ffor largely to tak colouris1 be all oure ,maisteris and ,philosophouris1 all metallis1 all low and lychtnes1 that lemys and gevis sycht to the eyne1 is of the nature of colouris4 ,the ,secound coloure that is in ,armoury1 is callit be thir maisteris ,purpre2 the quhilk he callis here ,rede colour2 the quhilk representis the lowe of ,fyre1 the quhilk is the maist clere1 and lycht efter the ,sonne1 and the maist noble of all the elementis2 the quhilk colour suld nane in armes were1 bot anerly ,kingis or ,princis1 be the alde custumes of ,princis and ,faderis of ,armes1 of alde tymes4 ,the ,thrid colour is ,asure2 the quhilk1 be his figure and coloure1 representis the ,ayer1 the quhilk is next the fyre1 the maist noble element2 ffor it is in itself lignie and sutile1 and penetratys1 ressauand the lycht throu it1 and hable till rassaue all influences of the planetis and of the hevynly constellaciouns of nature1 throw the quhilkis all this ,erde is gouernyt1 and all ,nature3 and sum callis the coloure ,aghure1 hafand the colour of the firmament1 sayand1 that ,asure is a hevynly colour1 it makis not3 ffor thare is bot lytill betuene1 nocht than the lift is nocht colourit4 ,ane othir coloure is the ,quhyte coloure1 the quhilk next the ,asure is the maist noble coloure that was countit in ,armoury in ancien cronikis1 because that it is maist nere the nature of lycht and claritee2 and for the clereness of it1 it is signyfyit to the vertu of puritee1 of clenesse1 and innocence1 and sympilness3 ,and as to that the ,haly ,scripture sais1 that the clethingis of ,jhesu ,crist apperit ay to thame of quhite colour as snaw2 and this coloure of quhite representis the ,water1 the quhilk efter the ,aire is the maist noble element4 ,ane othir colour is in ,armoury that callit is ,blak2 the quhilk representis the ,erde1 and be it is signyfyit dolour1 ffor it is ferrest fra lichtness and claritee that betakenis blythnes1 and cummys nerest to myrknesse2 and tharefore1 quhen ony peple or folk will mak dule for ony of thair frendis dede1 or in ony bataill tynt1 or othir grete misauenture1 men makis thair dule in that clething2 ffor it is the lawest of degree of all the four elementis1 and is signifyit be it humilitee4 ,and for that cause1 in takenyng of humilitee1 the religiouse men ar cled in blak wede1 commonly to schawe mekenes in hert1 and put away all lust of vanitee1 and vane glore warldly4 ,,prima ,,regula ,,belli ,,claustralis4 ,,here ,,schawis ,,the ,,doctour ,,certane ,,thingis ,,and ,,documentis ,,touchand ,,close ,,bataill1 ,,that ,,we ,,call ,,bataill ,,in ,,listis4 ,and first1 be cause that close bataill is rycht perilouse and mysty to be jugit be ignorant men1 that ar nocht instruct in the lawis1 myn advys is1 that thare suld na ,prince1 na ,lord1 hald felde of bataille in ,listis1 bot gif he had gude wise counsale of wele vnderstandand men of lawe2 that is for to say1 of ,doctouris in ,canoun and ,ciuile1 to geve him gude counsale3 ffor commounly the casis ar sa subtile to juge1 that ,seclere men for couatise and auarice of warldis wyn1 gevis oft tyme counsale to ,princis that soundis mare to the desyre of wynnyng of warldis gude1 na it dois to resone or to rychtwise querele2 and als thai wate quhat casis ar in the lawis condampnyt vtterly1 and reprouit1 and quhat casis ar tholit and permysit at the plesance of ,princis2 and wate alssua1 quhat casis ar priuilegit in the law quhilk nocht2 and the lawis sais1 ,that ,aduocatis ar procuratouris of mannis lignage4 ,and ane othir resoun quhy ,i haue sett this reugle is1 ffor commonly the ,clerkis ar mare sad of counsale1 and mare caulde of complexion1 and mare temperit in thair curage1 and ferrar can se in the ground of a mater na ,secleris2 ffor ,seclaris ar hate of blude1 and in ire1 and oft tymes thai geve thair counsale and jugement again resoun1 with the wrang outhir for fede or frendschip1 luferent1 or haterent1 or for mede1 or for ire1 or breth1 or othir singulare appetite1 for honour or richess1 or lordschip or reddoure or otheris4 ,and erar ar inclynyt to mak were1 na trety and concorde2 and to ger bataill in barrieris be1 na to sloke it1 and appese it2 ffor ire lettis the mannis mynde to juge and determe veritee4 ,,secunda ,,regula ,,belli ,,claustralis4 ,,here ,,declaris ,,the ,,doctour ,,ane ,,othir ,,reugle ,,and ,,doctryne ,,apon ,,the ,,gouernaunce ,,of ,,close ,,bataill4 ,that nocht gaynstandand that be malice or hete1 woodnes1 ramage1 or pride orguillouse1 or be inclinacioun1 auaricius appellacioun of bataill be maid1 and the party ressauis the gage of bataill1 the ,prince suld be wise in his audience geving1 and of gude tholemudenes1 to suetely here the cause that the ,appelloure chalangis the appelland of2 and wele copy and vnderstand all the mater before1 or he geve his consent1 and gif the cause movis of dett or of fede1 or of ony othir singular cause he suld call counsale1 and inquere how and quhare1 and in quhat place1 and for quhat cause1 and of quhat tyme1 and all the circumstancis1 and gif the ,prince may be ony way get knawlage of other pruf or witnes1 or othir pruf be instrument or obligacioun1 or to draw out of the party be inquisicioun or confessioun1 and othir maner of prufis4 ,and gif the ,prince may persaue be ony way that ony knaulage may be gottyn be ony way of the warld1 the ,prince suld nocht thole passe bataill4 ,or suppose na witnes war1 bot anerly that the party allegit witnes1 ghit suld he assigne day till produce thai prufis before the justice ordinare2 ffor quhen pruf is offerit1 or allegit1 all wage of bataill is slokit1 be all lawis of canon and of ciuile4 ,to the ,thrid reugle and doctrine of battaill in ,listis is this3 ,that the ,prince in na case suld juge bataill to be1 bot quhare thare is na prufis allegit na producit1 and that is law commoun and reasonnable custum2 bot he sall suere1 be his faith1 that his cause can nocht be prufit in na way bot be his persoun4 he ,ferde doctrine teching and reugle of bataill in barrieris is3 ,that a ,prince suld haue gude counsale to ger propone before him the maner of the appellacioun1 and the cause and occasiouns that the ,appellour allegis in his appellacioun1 and gif him thinkis resonnable the cause of the appellacioun1 he suld admytt thame to the bataill2 and gif thai war nocht resonnable1 sloke it out1 and geue na consent tharetill1 na tholaunce2 ffor gif fulis1 throu thair foly1 be sa daft that thai wage bataill for lytill1 evyn as to say1 ,quhethir growis better wynnis in ,burgoyne or in ,gascoyne8 or1 ,quhethir is thare fairar ladyes in ,florence or in ,barsalongne8 or1 ,in quhat countree is thare best men of armes1 in ,france or in ,lombardy8 ,and the ta-part cast gage of bataill on the tothir1 apon thir grete weris of lawe2 or to say1 his hors runnys fastar na his2 or1 ,that his hors is better na his1 or syk lyke thing2 or1 ,that he lusis his lady better na he dois2 or1 ,that he dancis or syngis better na he dois1 or for syk maner of tromperys2 a ,prince suld nocht juge na thole bataill to be1 bot he suld1 before the peple1 in presence of his counsall1 punyse syk trompouris1 that otheris tuke ensample thareby in tyme to cum1 to gage bataill for sik fule causis4 ,the ,fyft doctrine is3 ,that for na wordis of hete1 and sudane ire of chaude cole or of chaude mellencoly1 na injuriouse langage1 thare suld na ,prince thole na consent gage of bataill in listis to pas2 for wordis may be said for hete1 or for brethe1 or for gude wyne1 or othir wayis in lichtnes1 that sone efter he may repent3 bot and the wordis be injurious and dishonourable1 crimynouss or defamatouris1 and he perseuere in his outrageous langage1 and lykis nocht till amend2 bot stand in his purpos efter that the ire salbe past1 ellis the ,prince suld nocht juge bataill to be3 ffor gif he dois1 he jugis again the ,lawis writtin opynly4 ,the ,sext doctrine is3 ,that because thare is sum men sa hichty hautayn and orguillous and full of surquedry1 that thai haue na traist1 na fyaunce in ,god na his ,sanctis1 bot in thair awin propre pyth and vertu of corps and strenth of membris2 na has na will2 na thocht on ,god to mend thair mysdedis2 na to tak counsale at gude men of lyf and deuocion2 na to mak gude ordynaunce for thame self1 suppose the ,prince suld the bataill to be tholit to be done to the vtterest3 ,and tharfore the ,king suld assigne certane day of bataill and houre to the ,appelloure1 and he suld ger schaw him the grete perile in the quhilk he puttis him in baith of body and of saule1 and monyse him1 and exhort him on ,goddis behalf1 that all before that euer he schape him for horse1 harnais1 na othir prouision for the bataill1 that first he schape him to se for a gude ,confessour1 that be a gude wise clerke1 wele letterit and wele instruct in the faith1 and of gude counsale and conscience1 that he may discharge his conscience to1 and schrive him wele1 and put his saule first in gude estate1 and his gudein ordinance1 as he wald mak his testament to ga to dede1 and as wyse man aw to do3 ,quhilk gif he dois nocht1 the ,king suld say him1 ,that sen he traistit nocht in ,goddis help1 he suld nocht traist that he war a gude ,cristyn man1 and that he suld haue the lesse fauour of him2 and than suld he ordane him a term within quhilk he suld put him in gude estate of the saule to ,godwart1 and syne spere1 how thai had done at thair ,confessoure1 and sa suld he do to the tothir3 ,and this is a takyn that a ,prince is wyse1 and lufis wele ,god1 that begynnis at him to dispone all his gouernance and dedis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fol4 #ha4 b4 ,,here ,,speris ,,the ,,doctoure ,,quhat ,,thingis ,,efferis ,,till ,,all ,,gude ,,prince ,,to ,,do ,as now sen he hes sum part declarit quhat properteis suld be in ane ,emperoure1 now will he declare quhat properteis a gude ,king suld haue in him3 that is the maist hye dignitie efter the ,emperoure4 ,and ghit will oure maisteris saye that the name of ,king is mare na the name of ,emperoure be excellence2 ffor oure ,lord ,jhesu ,crist in this erde here callit him nocht ,emperoure1 bot tholit to be callit ,king of ,kingis and ,lord of ,lordis1 as our ,haly ,writt beris witness4 ,and alssua he was callit a ,kingis ,sone3 ffor he is callit in ,haly ,writt the ,sone of ,david ,king2 and that sais ,clerkis that he is of ,kingis be the grettar excellence of lynage4 ,and ghit alssua ,sanct ,peter menyt to his teching1 that the name of ,king was mare excellent na the name of ,emperoure1 quhen he said till his disciples1 ,that thai suld be subgettis till all creature humayne for the honoure of ,god ghour ,king1 and specially till all ,kingis for the honoure of him1 as to the hiest degree and maist excellent4 ,and this approues the ,pape ,gelasius1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fol4 #hc4 b4 ,and trewly ,i say1 and he kepe wele thir termes1 he is a worthy ,prince1 and worthy to be a ,king1 and till haue superioritee and soueranitee1 and victory of his fais4 ,and tharefor the ,doctour settis here certane poyntis of doctrine touchand a ghong ,prince1 in ,ryme1 quhilkis spekis thus3 ,a ,king that will be ane worthy werryoure1 he sulde be wiss1 faire1 and curageous3 ,and that he be ,lord of his subjectis1 asto the ,quaile the ,sperehauk2 and that he be misericorde and rigorouss in justice1 as case requeris2 and that gif he will be wele fortunyt in armes1 be ay first4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fol4 #hd4 b4 ,item1 a ,prince or a ,king suld nocht oure lichtly trow all talis na sudayn tydingis2 ffor mony learis oft tymes flechis lordis with false talis1 and settis thame in wrang and euill purpose4 ,and that is oure grete perile in princis and grete lordis1 to geue sudane credence till ony mannis tale1 quhill he war wele informyt of the suthfastnes3 ,and he suld be wele and ryply avisit1 or that he write to the ,pape ony materis1 or till ony strange ,princis1 for ony lycht mennis counsailis1 or ony small wrechit mannis4 ,and quhen he wrytis1 his writtis suld be wele and statelyke deuisit1 and dytit be wise ,clerkis1 and men of counsale1 and expert in the lawis and purpose lyke1 and syne be notable gude wrytaris as efferis2 bathe to the ryaltee of him that sendis the writtis1 and of him that thai wryttis ar send to2 and suld wele auise for quham he wrytis1 that thai be worthy persouns1 and alssua for quhat thing he wrytis2 that it be nocht a wrechit thing that he wrytis for2 and als that his peticioun be bathe rychtwise and honourable2 ffor quhen ,princis prayis for vnworthy persouns1 ,god is offendit and displesit thareat4 ,and syne the ,pape or ,princis that he wryttis till1 will hald him for ane vnwise ,prince that the lettres send for sik a persone1 and will nocht sa gladly grant him his asking in tyme to cum4 ,and thus sall the renoun of a ,prince pas oure all the ,cristyndome1 and geue him lofe and honour that excedis all warldis richess1 throu the quhilk he sal be prisit and redoubtit bathe with fais and frendis1 and haldin for wise ,prince2 and syne sall he be lufit of ,god1 and wyn throu that the joy of ,paradise4 ,and ghit mare1 suld a ,king be temperit and messurit in his conuersacioun1 and repair amang folk1 in placis public1 our oft tymes2 ffor ony thing that ,commouns seis oure oft thai prise all the lesse4 ,and quhen it is seldyn sene it gevis folk in mare grete desyre to se it agayne ay mare and mare2 and for this cause the grete ,souldane of ,babilone cummys bot thrise in the ghere in publik audience furthwart1 and than quhen he cummys furthwart1 on thre festuale dayes1 he cummys rydand with sik a state and solempnitee that all the peple desyris and presses the mare to se him1 na he rade euery day1 or euery wolk or moneth2 bot gif it be quhen that he rydis in werefare1 and than all his peple and cheualrye may se him4 ,and suppose ,i mycht ghit compile and gader togedir mony ,vertues and properteis that suld be in a ,prince1 and als mony thingis of ,mysgouernaunce that he suld eschew3 ,bot in gude faith the ,doctour sais1 that he was sa irkit of wryting1 that he mycht nocht as now na mare tak on hand as to put in this ,buke of ,bataillis2 bot and ,god geve him lyve dayes1 he sais1 in his conclusioun of his ,buke1 he sall compile a ,trety of propereteis of ,gude ,condiciouns bathe of ,temparale men and of men of ,kirk1 that sall be gude and prouffitable for all men1 that on lukis bathe langand the gouernaunce of thair office and digniteis1 as may be compylit be the foundement of ,haly ,writt1 and efter the ,lawis writtyn4 ,bot here he prayis to ,god mekely that he send grace and gude gouernaunce to the ,prince that he has compilit this wrytt for1 and maid this ,buke till1 that is to say ,king ,philip#bj of ,fraunce1 and geue him grace sa to reule his realme1 and his ryall magestee and estate1 that ,god be payit of him1 and bring him till his euerlestand joye of ,paradise at his ending1 and all his frendis and wele willaris4 ,,in ,,nomine ,,patris1 ,,et ,,filii1 ,,et ,,spiritus ,,sancti4 ,,amen4 ,explicit ,liber ,bellorum1 sed potius ,dolorum1 ut rescitat ,doctor in pluribus1 etc4 ,decoration ,no4 ,,ii4 ,,here ,,before ,,endis ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,batailles1 ,,and ,,here ,,efter ,,begynnys ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,ordere ,,of ,,knychthede4 ,,this ,,portion ,,of ,,the ,,manuscript1 ,,from ,,fol4 #he1 ,,to ,,fol4 #ajc1 ,,is ,,contained ,,in ,,the ,,present ,,volume4 ,decoration ,no4 ,,iii4 ,fol4 #ajc4 b4 ,,here ,,endis ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,ordre ,,of ,,knychthede2 ,,and ,,begynnis ,,the ,,buke ,,callit ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,gouernaunce ,,of ,,princis1 ,,etc4 ,,here ,,begynnys ,,the ,,table ,,of ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,gouernaunce ,,of ,,princis4 ,and first of the ,prolog of the first fyndyng1 and interpretacioun of the said ,buke out of diuerse langagis1 etc4 ,item1 ,of the first ,pistle fend fra ,alexander till ,arestotil to ask him counsale of the ,gouernaunce of ,perse new conquest2 and of the form of the ,epistle1 and of his ,ansuere4 ,item1 ,of ane othir of th ,ansueris of ,aristotle till ,alexander2 and the forme of the ,epistle send fra ,aristotle of his opynion4 ,the ,first chapiter is1 ,how thare is four maneris of ,kingis4 #a ,how auarice and fule largess suld be eschewit in a ,king4 #b ,how ,princis and ,kingis suld sett them for gude renoun here4 #c ,how thai suld eschew all outrageous carnall lustis and appetitis4 #d ,quhat kynde of sapience efferis to ,kingis1 ,princis1 and grete ,lordis4 #e ,quhatkyn habyt anournement and clething thai suld haue4 #f ,how ,kingis and ,princis suld punyse mysdoaris1 and honour gude men4 #g ,how thai suld haue in thame justice and equitee with merci4 #h ,quhatkyn plesance1 deduytis1 and recreaciouns ,princis suld tak4 #i ,how punycioun suld be maid efter the case and state of persons4 #aj ,how ,princis may be lyknyt to the dew of the hevyn4 #aa ,how ,kingis and ,princis are of the samyn nature with symple men4 #ab ,how thai suld delyte thame in bukis of stories of ,vertues and ,vicis1 and of othir honourable dedis of alde ,ancestry1 and of wisedome4 #ac ,how thai sulde kepe gude faith and lautee till all ,mankynde euer4 #ad ,how ,princis suld found scolis and studyes of sciences in thair contreis4 #ae ,how thai suld nocht gouerne thame be women1 na trow thair counsale4 #af ,how thai suld nocht traist anerly in a medicine1 but ma4 #ag ,how ,princes suld gouerne thame be a wyse ,clerk1 expert in astronomy4 #ah ,off the science of astronomy1 and of the divisioun of it4 #ai ,how ,princis suld atoure all thing tak kepe to thair hele4 #bj ,how and in quhat maner thai suld gouerne thair hele keping4 #ba ,here declaris the ,philosophour certane documentis of medicyne4 #bb ,here declaris the ,philosophour certane secrete documentis of medicyne4 #bc ,here declaris he the four rathis of the ghere1 and first of ,ver4 #bd ,and first of the kynde of the sesoun of ,somer4 #be ,and syne of the third sesoun that is callit ,hervist4 #bf ,and syne of the nature of the ,wynter4 #bg ,quhat thingis fattis or lenys men maist4 #bh ,here declaris the ,philosophour ane othir poynt of medicyne4 #bi ,quhat kyndis of metis ar best for man4 #cj ,off syndry kyndis of wateris1 and thair naturis4 #ca ,off syndry kyndis of wynis1 and thair naturis4 #cb ,off bathis and stuphis stoves1 and thair gouernaunce and proffittis4 #cc ,quhat justice efferis till a ,prince or a ,king4 #cd ,how a ,prince or a ,king suld ken himself4 #ce ,how ,kingis and ,princis suld gouerne be grete counsale4 #cf ,how the ,man is maid of the four elementis4 #cg ,how ,princis suld haue discrete ,secretaris4 #ch ,how thai suld have discrete and traist messageris4 #ci ,how the ,prince and the ,peple are comperit till a gardyn4 #dj ,,explicit ,,tabula ,,de ,,regimine ,,principum4 ,,here ,,begynnis ,,the ,,buke ,,callit ,,the ,,buke ,,of ,,the ,,gouernance ,,of ,,princis1 ,,that ,,is ,,callit ,,the ,,secrete ,,of ,,secretis1 ,,maid ,,be ,,aristotyll ,,till ,,alexander ,,the ,,grand3 ,,and ,,first ,,the ,,proloug ,,as ,,it ,,is ,,contenyt ,,in ,,the ,,franch ,,buke4 ,,prologus4 ,here declaris the ,autour of this ,buke that a clerk1 callit ,fair ,patrix1 wyse in all langagis fand in ,grece1 kepit within a temple1 callit the ,temple of the ,sonne1 7the quhilk the noble philosophour ,esculapius had gert mak17 this ,buke of the ,secretis of ,aristotle in language of ,grew2 the quhilk he translatit out of ,grew in the langage of ,caldee1 the quhilk was quhilom the langage of grete ,babyloyne1 and now is the langage of grete ,inde2 and syne1 at request of the ,king of ,araby1 he translatit it off the langage of ,caldee in his langage of ,arrabyk4 ,and syne1 efter that mony a ghere1 ane othir grete clerk1 callit ,philippus1 translatit it out of ,arabyk in lang ,latyne1 and send it till ane reuerend ,fader in ,crist1 and wyse prelate1 noble and honourable ,sir ,guy de ,valance1 ,bischop of ,tryploun3 ,and as beris witness be thair alde ancien stories1 the worthy and noble ,philosophouris in thay tymes1 that als lang as ,alexander le ,grant had with him ,aristotil the wyse clerk1 he passit throuch and vencust all realmes1 and all his inymyes1 throu the mekle prudence and wisedome of that noble ,philosophour and throu his counsale4 ,and quhen he mycht no mare trauaile with him1 he send him ay betuene ,lettres and ,epistlis1 how he suld gouerne him in all his dedis and grete materis4 ,and at the last1 quhen he saw he mycht nocht for elde langsumely be nature left1 he compilit this ,buke to be a reugle of ,gouernaunce till him euer mare quhill he lyvit1 and send it till him with grete regrate and lamentacioun1 that he mycht no mare be with him1 sa mekle he lufit him1 for cause he was his ,maister and his techour euer fra his begynnyng of barnehede till that tyme1 and with him in his conquestis4 ,and syne was this ilke ,buke translatit out of ,latine in the langage of ,romaine1 nocht all hallely bot alsmekle as thame thocht nedefull and spedefull to the ,gouernance of ,princis4 ,and tharfore the noble ,philosophour said in his counsale geving till ,alexander1 that it was nocht spedefull that this ,buke war till all men publist1 bot anerly to the secrete counsale of ,princis1 and of grete ,lordis1 and nocht to ,commouns2 and to rede it oft tymes before thame1 to tak1 as myrour schawis the faultis and the suthfastnes1 ensample1 and doctrine of gude lyfing1 and formable as efferis to thair honour and prouffit1 and of thair subjectis4 ,for it is nocht spedefull that popularis wit the secrete of ,princis1 na ,lordis gouernance1 na the reuglis of thair ,ordre2 and thairfor is the ,buke callit ,,the ,,secrete ,,of ,,secretis ,,of ,,aristotil1 ordanyt for document and teching of ,gouernance of ,princis4 ,,here ,,declaris ,,he ,,how ,,aristotle ,,ressauit ,a ,,pistle ,,sent ,,fra ,,alexander till him in his grete age1 to ask counsale1 quhen he had conquest ,perse1 ,quhethir he suld destroy and sla all the folk of that land1 and peple it with others8 because that thay war perilouse to gouerne1 and subtile1 and full of mychti maliciouse engyne of conquest1 for the quhilk he dred thair subtile malice4 ,,forma ,,epistole ,,alexandri ,,regis ,,magni ,,ad ,,aristotilem4 ,till ane maist noble and worthy ,lord of ,justice1 ,i signify to thy prudence1 that ,i haue foundyn in the land of ,perse a kynde of folk rycht haboundand in richess1 and of lytill vnderstanding1 settand thair study to mak conquestis of realmes1 and desyrand till haue lordschip atour othir men2 ffor the quhilk cause1 that we can nocht fynd to be seker of thame1 we haue tane to purpose to put thame all to dede2 bot bydand to haue thy counsale thareto1 be wrytt in lettres2 the quhilk counsale we will kepe and fulfill at the vtterast4 ,,here ,,followis ,,the ,,ansuere ,,of ,,aristotil ,,till ,,alexander ,,in ,,epistil4 ,alexander1 gif thou may change the nature of the erde1 the water1 and the aire of that regioun1 and the disposicioun of the citeis of the landis of ,perse1 than counsale ,i that thou do thy will hardily2 and gif thou may nocht do as foresaid is1 sla thame nocht1 bot gouerne thame in all gudelynes1 with clemence1 benignitee1 and sueteness1 put honour to thaim1 and graciously demayne thame in graciouse justice and equitee2 the quhilk gif thou dois1 ,i traist1 that with the grace of ,god1 that thai sal be gude subjectis to th1 and sall gouerne thame at thy plesaunce and commandement3 ffor than for the lufe that thai sall haue to th for thy nobless1 thou sall haue the dominacioun apon thame with peis and tranquilitie4 ,the quhilkis lettres the ,prince ressauit with benignitee1 and fulfillit his counsale vtterly2 throu the quhilkis thingis the peple of ,perse gafe sik a luferent till ,alexander1 that thai lufit him better1 and was mare obeysand till him1 na ony othir pepele of ony of his othir conquestis4 ,,here ,,followis ,a ,,pistle ,,send ,,fra ,,aristotil ,,till ,,alexander excusand him for sore elde and waykenes he mycht na mare byde with him na hald the court2 and tharfore he send him a ,regement in wrytt1 how and in quhat maner he suld gouerne him ay furth2 the quhilk begynnis in this maner as efter folowis3-- ,,alexander1 faire ,sone1 gloriouss ,emperour1 the ,souerane preciouss ,god ,almychty mot confirme th1 and send th knaulege to fauour the wayis of vertu1 and of veritee1 and that he wald refreyne in th all bestiale appetitis1 and that he wald illumyn thyne engyne1 and conferme thy spirit of thy gouernaunce till his honour and service1 honourably to be ressauit as efferis4 ,and ,i have vnderstandin1 how thou desyris that ,i war with th2 and that thou sais thou art amaruailit that ,i may abstene fra thy presence2 thinkand that ,i am not sa besy and diligent of thy gouernaunce as ,i was wont to be3 ,and be this cause ,i haue vndertane to make litil ,reugles callit ,cannonet1 that is to say1 ,a lytil buke1 the quhilk salbe as a balaunce in the quhilk thou sall payss all thy werkis in2 and to be a supplee to th in my absence1 rycht as ,i war present3 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xl4--,,capitulum4 ,fol4 #abi4 ,,here ,,declaris ,,the ,,noble ,,philosophour ,,how ,,that ,,the ,,subjectis ,,of ,,princis ,,that ,,ar ,,the ,,vphald ,,of ,,the ,,warlde1 ,,ar ,,comperit ,,till ,a ,,faire ,,gardyn1 ,,or ,,till ,a ,,lordis ,,tresoure1 ,,and ,,that ,,thai ,,suld ,,be ,,kepit ,,as ,,tresoure4 ,alexander1 faire ,sone1 ghit will ,i that thow witt1 that thy subjectis suld be kepit as thy tresouris1 ffor thai ar thy tresoure4 ,for thai may be comperit till a ,lord that has a faire and gude gardyn quhare thare is grete quantitee of fruyte treis1 herbis1 and othir gresis1 richess1 and nedefull till mannis behufe1 the quhilkis gherely and contynualy beris grete plentee of fruytis for mannis sustenaunce quhen thai ar well grathit1 scroubbit1 and demaynit1 and wele gudit1 kepit1 sustenit1 and gouernyt at rycht1 and suld be wele sene to1 and socourit at thair nedis4 ,and kepit wele in gude reugle of justice and saufit fra injuris and oppressins1 and that thare be bot thou allane gardener upon thame1 and nocht mony maister gardenaris2 ffor quhare mony maister gardeneris ar the gardyn is nocht commounly all prouffitably gouernyt1 the quhilk suld be of gude gouernaunce that stent him nocht to spill thy treis1 na gader thy fruytis1 that is to say1 thy subjectis gudis wrangwisely2 and sa may thy realme left1 and be wele defendit and conseruit1 sa that thou kepe th nocht to haue mony dispensaris in thy gardyn1 that is thy realme4 ,ffor quhy1 for couatise and gredynes of thy fruytis1 thar may enter corrupcioun in thy gardyn1 and syne apon thyself1 quhen ilk ane pressis oure otheris to be masteris of thi gudis1 and of thy counsaile1 and thi gouernaunce4 ,bot thare is mony that will hecht and say thai sall do wele1 and quhen thai mount in gouernaunce thai do all othir wayis4 ,and sum corrumpis be giftis and hechtis ,princis ,counsailouris1 and peruertis all gude gouernaunce throu thair gredyness of gudis1 gevand giftis to ,lordis of the ,counsale for to maneteine thame lang in thaire officis and in thaire malicis4 ,and traist wele1 ,,alexander1 that thy ,peple and thy ,barouns1 thy ,bacheleris and thy ,commons ar the stuf and the multiplicacioun and furnyssing of thy realme1 and be thame mon thou be crownyt1 and thy croun vphaldyn and mayntenyt1 and be thai nocht throu th manetenyt and sustenyt in thair rychtis and richess1 thai will nocht lufe th1 na honoure th1 na tho court1 na help to sustene thyne estate2 ffor bot gyf thou mak thaim cause to be fyablez and traist to th1 and thy worschip and prouffit1 and to hald lufe and lautee betuix th and thy peple1 thou fall neuer be seker na seure a day in thy realme4 ,and will thou vmbethink th wele of all that ,i haue said1 and gouerne th efter my deuise and counsale beforesaid1 thou sal be haldyn as wyse and worthy ,king1 and doubtit and lufit of thy peple1 and of all otheris3 ,and thou sall cum aboue of all thyne vndertakingis and desyris3 ,quhilkis gif thou faillis to do1 thou sall se that thare sall cum greuouse mischeif and mysfortune1 bathe upon th and thy realme1 and thy gouernaunce1 and it sall nocht be in thy powar to sett remede1 na thou can nocht1 na may nocht estymy the paynis that suld be injunct to th tharfore4 ,bot here ,i pray hertfully to the hye and mychty ,god1 makare of ,hevyn and ,erde1 to geue th grace1 as he is gudely ,gouernoure of ,hevin and ,erde1 and of all the ,warlde to gouerne th sa in vertu and in veritee1 in justice and leautee1 that ,god and man be payit of the end3 ,and rycht sa mote it be of oure worthy ,king1 and graciouse ,prince1 and all his welewillaris1 ,i pray to ,god ,almichti1 ,,in ,,nomine ,,patris ,,et ,,filii1 ,,et ,,spiritus ,,sancti4 ,amen4 ,,explicit ,,le ,,gouernement ,,des ,,princes4 ,decoration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes4 #a ,dunbar's ,poems1 by ,laing1 vol4 i4 pp4 #db1 #bad1 ,edin4 #ahcd1 #b vols4 post #hvo4 #b ,this work extends to #c volumes in folio4 ,vol4 ,i4 was published at ,edinburgh in #agjh2 ,vol4 ,,ii4 in #agaa2 ,vol4 ,,iii4 in #agbb4 ,this volume contains a ,list of nearly #fjj ,subscribers4 ,on the title of a ,,ms4 which belonged to ,robert ,myln1 the ,genealogist1 he makes a reference to a ,life of ,dr ,thomas ,reid1 among the schedules of ,dr ,mackenzie's #dth ,volume of ,lives4 ,whether such schedules still exist1 is uncertain4 #c ,dr ,george ,mackenzie1 was born on the #ajth ,december #affi4 ,he was the son of the ,hon4 ,colin ,mackenzie1 second son of ,george1 second ,earl of ,seaforth1 and of ,jean1 daughter of ,dr ,robert ,laurie1 ,bishop of ,brechin4 ,he died at ,fortrose1 on the #bhth ,november #agbe4--7;,caledonian ,mercury1 ,dec4 #af1 #agbe47 #d ,the last three leaves contain a transcript of two articles unconnected with the rest of the volume1 viz4--,the ,ordour of the processioun and bering of the ,sacrament in ,antuarpe the first day of ,junij the gheir of ,god ,im ,vc lxij4 ,and a ,letter or ,testimonial from ,thomas ,bishop of ,orknoy in #addf1 addressed to the ,king of ,norwege1 respecting the ,genealogy of ,william of ,sanctclare1 ,erle of ,orchadie1 c4 7the ancestor of the ,st ,clairs of ,roslin17 ,translatit out of ,latin into ,scottis1 be me1 ,deine ,thomas ,gwld1 ,monk of ,newbothill1 in the year #aeed4 #e ,les ,manuscrits ,franois de la ,bibliothque du ,roi3 par ,a4 ,paulin ,paris1 vol4 v4 p4 #ajc4 #f ,see ,lewis's ,life of ,caxton1 p4 #ha4 #g ,catalogue des ,livres imprims sur ,vlin1 de la ,bibliothque du ,roi1 tome iii4 p4 #ha4 #h ,edinburgh1 #ahja1 p4 #fe4 #i ,in ,maidment's ,analecta ,scotica1 vol4 ii4 p4 #a1 is a curious ,indenture betwixt ,sir ,william the ,hay1 ,knight1 ,lorde of the ,nauchtane1 and ,alan of ,kynnarde ,lord of that ilke1 and ,dame ,mary of ,murray his wife1 for the marriage of their children1 dated #gth ,december #adbj4 #aj ,at a latter period1 among the ,determinants at ,st ,andrews1 in #addi1 we find ,gilbertus ,hay1 cujus bursa1 viijs4 vjd2 and again ,m4 ,gilbertus ,hay1 as having taken his degree as a ,licentiate in #adea4 ,but this obviously could not have been ,sir ,gilbert ,hay4 ,in the ,compot4 ,magist4 ,roberti ,pantre receptoris facultatis arcium anni ,m4,,cccc4,,lii4 datum iiiio die ,decembris1 at the end of a long list of contributions is this entry--,item1 per ,magistrum ,gilbertum ,hay1 xxvs4 ,debitor ,thomas ,hay licentiatus1 frater ejusdem ,gilberti4 ,the name of ,thomas ,hay stands first in the list of ,licentiates in #adeb-c4 #aa ,genealogie of the ,sainteclaires of ,rosslyn1 by ,father ,richard ,augustin ,hay1 p4 #bf4 ,edin4 #ahce1 #dto4 #ab ,lord ,hailes's ,additional ,case of the ,countess of ,sutherland1 pp4 #aaj1 #abh4 #ac ,genealogie of the ,sainteclaires of ,rosslyn1 p4 #ia-ih4 #ad ,extracts from ,the ,buike of ,king ,alexander the ,conquerour1 a ,manuscript in the ,library at ,taymouth ,castle4 7#ahca74 #dto4 ,privately printed by the ,secretary of the ,bannatyne ,club4 #ae ,see supra1 page #a4 #af ,the ,number of the ,chapters1 in both the ,second and ,third ,parts or ,books1 are omitted in the ,original ,manuscript4 #ag ,in the ,,ms4 the ,numbers of the ,chapters in this ,fourth ,part1 are marked1 ,primum ,capitulum1 ,,ii4 ,cam41 ,,iii4 ,cam4 c4 #ah ,although each chapter at the beginning is marked with a rubric1 the number of the chapter is not given in the ,original ,manuscript4 ,the following selection will be found to differ somewhat in the divisions1 but it represents the whole portion of the ,manuscript which corresponds with the titles of chapters #ach to #aec1 in the preceding ,table2 along with the conclusion of the ,work4 #ai ,in the original1 ,car toutes comparaisons sont haynneuses4 #bj ,it will be observed1 that in the ,prologue or dedication1 at page #fd1 this ,buke was addressed by the ,author to ,charles the ,sixth1 ,king of ,france4