,,rod9    ,,! ,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,art    ,,)
 ,,leaves ,,f ,,8 ,,note-,,book         
,,compil$ ,,by ,,judi? ,,cladel    ,,&  
,,translat$ ,,by ,s4,k4 ,,/>    ,,)     
,,introduction ,,by ,,james ,,hunek]    
,,& ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,photographs       
,,new ,,york    ,,! ,,c5tury ,,co4      
#aiag      ,illu/ration3 ,,rod9         
,,photograph$ ,,on ,,! ,,/eps ,,( ,,!   
,,hotel ,,biron4          ,,augu/e      
,,rod9    ,,by ,,james ,,hunek]      ,i 
,( ,augu/e ,rod9 "o ?+ may be said )\t  
fe> ( contradiction3  among 8           
contempor>ies to-day he is prem95tly !  
ma/]4 ,born  at ,p>is1 #ahdj1--! natal  
ye> ( 8 fri5ds1 ,claude ,monet &        
,zola--9 humble circum/ances1 )\t a     
lib]al education1 ! "y  ,rod9 _h to     
fight f ! beg9n+2 fight = bread z well z
  an art s*ool+4 ,he 0 n ev5 sure ( 8   
vocation4 ,an accid5t  det]m9$ x4 ,he   
became a workman 9 ! ateli] ( !         
sculptor1  ,c>ri]-,belleuse1 ?\gh n     
until he _h fail$ at ! ,beaux-,arts 7a  
/roke ( luck = 8 g5ius71 & aft] he _h   

enjoy$ "s t5tative  in/ruction "u !     
animal sculptor1 ,b>ye 7he 0 n a /eady  
pupil ( ,b>ye1 nor did he c>e to rema9 )
 him7 he w5t to ,belgium  & gho/$ = o!r 
sculptors2 x 0 8 privilege or mis=tune  
to h be5 ! anonym\s assi/ant ( a half   
doz5 sculptors4 ,he  ma/]$ ! te*nique ( 
8 art by ! sweat ( 8 br[ be=e he  began 
to make music ^u 8 own in/rum5t4 ,h[ 8  
fir/ "w1 ,!  ,man ) ! ,brok5 ,nose1 0   
refus$ by ! ,salon jury is hi/ory4  ,he 
design$ = ! ,svres porcela9 works4 ,he  
execut$ portrait bu/s1  ar*itectural    
ornam5ts1 c>yatids2 all /yles t 7 huddl$
 9 !  /udios & y>ds ( sculptors he      
essay$4 ,no man knew 8 trade bett]1     
al?\gh x is said t ) ! *isel ( !        
practici5 ,rod9 0  nev] pr(ici5t2 he    
c\ld n1 or w\ld n1 "w at ! m>ble en     
bloc4 ,8 sculptures to-day are 9 !      
museums ( ! _w1 & he is  admitt$ to     
possess tal5t by academic m54 ,rivals he
 has none4 ,8  production is too        
p]sonal4 ,l ,ri*>d ,wagn] he has prov$ a
 upas  tree = less] arti/s--he has      

deflect$1 or else absorb$ !m4 ,8  fri5d 
,eug5e ,c>rire w>n$ "y sculptors n to   
/udy ,rod9 too  curi\sly4 ,c>rire 0     
wise1 yet 8 art ( portraiture 0 influ5c$
  by ,rod92 swimm+ 9 %ad[ 8 enigmatic   
heads h m ! quality  ( ,rod9's ?an !    
mortu>y art ( academic sculpture4    ,a 
pr(\nd /ud5t ( light & movem5t1 ,rod9 by
 delib]ate  amplification ( ! surfaces (
 8 /atues1 avoid+ dryness &  h>%ness (  
outl9e1 secures a zone ( radiancy1 a    
lum9osity :i*  creates ! illusion (     
reality4 ,he h&les values 9 clay z a    
pa9t] does 8 tones4 ,he gets ! design ( 
! outl9e by movem5t  :i* cont9ually     
modifies ! anatomy2 ! secret ( !        
,greeks1  he believes4 ,he /udies 8     
pr(iles successively 9 full light1      
obta9+ volume--or planes--at once &     
toge!r2 successive views  ( "o movem5t4 
,! light plays ) m fre$om ^u 8 amplifi$ 
surfaces1 int5sifi$ 9 ! model+ by enl>g+
 ! l9es4 ,! edges  ( c]ta9 p>ts are     
amplifi$1 de=m$1 falsifi$1 & we enjoy   
light-swept effects1 lum9\s emanations4 

,?is de=mation1 he decl>es1  0 always   
practis$ by ! great sculptors to sn>e ! 
undulat+  appe>ance ( life4 ,sculpture1 
he ass]ts1 is ! art ( ! hole &  lump1 n 
( cle>1 well-smoo!d1 unmodel$ figures4  
,f9i% kills  vitality4 ,yet ,rod9 c     
*isel a smoo? nymph1 if he s wills1 b h]
  fle% w ripple & run 9 ! sunlight4 ,8  
art is "o ( acc5ts4  ,he works by pr(ile
 9 dep?1 n by surfaces4 ,he swe>s by :at
 he  calls cubic tru?2 8 patt]n is a    
ma!matical figure2 ! pivot (  art is    
balance1 i4e41 ! opposition ( volumes   
produc$ by movem5t4  ,unity haunts him4 
,he is a believ] 9 ! correspond5ce (    
?+s1 (  cont9uity 9 nature4 ,he is      
my/ic1 z well z a geometrician4 ,yet su*
  a reali/ is he t he qu>rels ) any     
arti/ :o does n recognize  ! lat5t h]oic
 9 e natural movem5t4    ,!re=e he does 
n =ce ! pose ( 8 model1 pref]r+         
attitudes  or ge/ures volunt>ily adopt$4
 ,8 sket* books1 z vivid1 z copi\s1  z !
 draw+s ( ,hokusai--he is /udi\s (      
,japanese art--are swift  memor&a ( !   

human ma*9e z x disp5ses its normal     
muscul>  motions4 ,rod91 draughtsman1 is
 z surpris+ly orig9al z ! sculptor      
,rod94 ,he w /udy a human foot = mon?s1 
n to copy x1 b to  ma/] ! secret ( its  
rhy?ms4 ,8 draw+s are ! swift notations 
( a sculptor ^: eye is nev] satisfi$1 ^:
 desire to p9 to pap]  ! mo/ evanesc5t  
vibrations ( ! human ma*9e is almo/ a   
mania4  ,! model may tumble d[n any:]e1 
9 any contortion or relaxation  he or %e
 wi%es4 ,practically in/antane\s is !   
me?od ( ,rod9  to regi/] ! fleet+       
attitudes1 ! fir/ %iv]+ surface4 ,he    
rapidly draws ) 8 eye on ! model4 ,x is 
(t5 a m]e scrawl1 a  silh\ette1 a few   
envelop+ l9es4 ,b !re is vitality 9 x   
all1 &  = 8 purpose1 a notation ( a     
motion4 ,b a sculptor has made ^!       
extraord9>y draw+s1 n a pa9t]4 ,x may be
 well to obs]ve !  di/9ction4 ,& he is !
 mo/ rhy?mic sculptor among ! mod]ns4   
,rhy?m means = him ! codification (     
beauty4 ,because1 ) a vision  q virg9al1
 he has obs]v$1 he insi/s t he has      

affiliations  ) ! ,greeks4 ,b if 8      
vision is ,greek 8 models are ,fr5*1    
:ile  8 =ms are m ,go?ic ?an !          
pseudo-,greek ( ! academy4    ,z ,mr4   
,w4,c4 ,br[nell wrote3 ,rod9 reveals r  
?an con/ructs beauty  444 no sculptor   
has c>ri$ expression fur!r2 & expression
 means  individual "* completely        
exhibit$ r ?an conv5tionally  sugge/$4  
,mr4 ,br[nell 0 ! fir/ critic to po9t   
out t ,rod9's  art 0 m ne>ly relat$ to  
,donatello's ?an to ,mi*ael ,angelo's4  
,he is 9 ! legitimate l9e ( ,gallic     
sculpture1 ! l9e ( ,g\jon1  ,puget1     
,rude1 ,b>ye4 ,dal\1 ! celebrat$        
sculptor1 did n hesitate  to ass]t t !  
,dante portal is "o ( ! mo/1 if n ! mo/1
  orig9al & a/oni%+ pieces ( sculpture (
 ! n9ete5? c5tury4    ,?is ,dante gate1 
begun ?irty ye>s ago1 n f9i%$ yet--&    
probably  nev] to be--is an a/\nd+ly    
pla/ic fugue1 ) dea?1 ! devil1  hell1 & 
human passions1 = a complicat$ f\r-voic$
 !me4 ,i  fir/ saw ! composition at !   
,rue de l',univ]sit ateli]4 ,x is  z    

t]rify+ a conception z ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 
,nor does x miss !  sonor\s & sorr[ful  
gr&eur ( ! ,m$ici ,tombs4 ,yet h[       
diff]5t4  ,h[ fev]i%1 h[ tragic4 ,l all 
great m5 work+ 9 ! grip ( a  unify+     
idea1 ,rod9 modifi$ ! te*nique (        
sculpture s t x  w\ld s]ve him z s\nd   
does a musical compos]4 ,a lov] ( music 
8  inn] e> may dictate ! vibrat+ rhy?ms 
( 8 =ms2 8 m>bles  are ev] musical1 ev] 
9 modulation1 n froz5 music1 z ,goe!    
said ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 b sil5t1     
swoon+ music4 ,?is ,gate is  a ,frieze (
 ,p>is1 z deeply significant ( mod]n    
inspiration &  sorr[ z ! ,p>!non ,frieze
 is ! symbol ( ! great cle> beauty  (   
,hellas4 ,dante inspir$ ?is mon/r\s yet 
ennobl$ ma/]piece1 &  ,baudelaire's     
poetry fill$ _m ( its *9ks & crannies ) 
ignoble  wri?+ %apes2 %apes ( dusky fire
 t1 z !y tremul\sly /&  above ! gulf (  
fe>1 wave ineffectual & desp]ate h&s z  
if  implor+ de/9y4    ,b ,rod9 is n all 
hell-fire & trag$y4 ,( s+ul> delicacy & 
exquisite proportion are 8 m>bles ( y\?1

 ( spr+tide1 ( ! joy  & desire ( life4  
,at ,p>is1 #aijj1 9 8 special exhibition
 ,salle1  ,europe & ,am]ica awoke to !  
beauty ( ^! haunt+ visions4 ,n  s9ce    
,keats & ,wagn] & ,sw9burne has love be5
 voic$ s sweetly1 s  romantically1 s    
fi]cely4 ,?\gh he disclaims und]/&+ !   
,celtic  _s "o might say t !re is       
,celtic magic1 ,celtic my/]y 9 8        
lyrical "w4 ,he pi]ces to ! core ! fr5zy
 ( love1 & translates  x into lovely    
symbols4 ,= him nature is ! sole        
mi/ress--8  sculptures are b v>iations  
on h] !mes4 ,he kn[s ! em]ald r\te1  &  
all ! semitones ( s5su\sness4 ,fantasy1 
passion1 p>oxysmal  madness are !re1 yet
 :at elem5tal p[] is 9 8 ,adam1 z !     
gigantic fir/ man pa9fully heaves       
himself up f ! e>? to !  po/ure t       
diff]5tiates him =ev] f ! bea/4 ,"h1    
inde$1  two natures are at /rife4 ,& ,"m
 ,eve sugge/s ! sorr[s &  %ames t are to
 be ! lot ( h] se$2 h] v lo9s cru%$ by !
  future g5]ations hidd5 )9 !m4 ,"o may 
freely walk ab\t !  ,burgh]s ( ,calais z

 ,rod9 did :5 he model$ !m2 a reason =  
! vital quality ( ! gr\p4 ,ar\nd all 8  
/atues we may walk2 he  is n a sculptor 
( a s+le attitude b a hew] ( humans4    
,consid]  ! ,balzac4 ,x is n ,balzac !  
writ]1 b ,balzac ! prophet1 !  se]1 !   
enorm\s natural =ce t 0 ,balzac4 ,rod9  
is himself a  se]4 ,t is :y ^! two      
spirits conv]se across ! ye>s1 z d !    
,alp9e peaks 9 a c]ta9 /rik+ p>able (   
,turg5ev's4 ,d\btless 9  bronze ,rod9's 
,balzac w ar\se less wra? f !           
unimag9ative2  9 pla/] x produces !     
effect ( a sn[y surg+ monoli?4    ,z a  
portraiti/ ,rod9 is ! unique ma/] (     
*>act]s4 ,8 wom5 are  graci\s delicate  
masks2 8 m5 cov] octaves 9 virility &   
v>iety4  ,t he is extremely %ort-sight$ 
has n be5 dealt ) 9 proportion  to !    
significance ( ! fact4 ,x acc\nts = 8   
love ( exagg]at$  surfaces1 8 =mless    
extravagance1 8 indef9it5ess 9 /ructural
  design2 p]haps1 too1 = 8 inability1 or
 let u say1 8 lack (  sympa?y1 = !      
monum5tal4 ,he is a sculptor ( intimate 

emotions4  ,& :ile we ?9k ( him z a     
,cyclops de/ructively wield+ a huge     
hamm]1 he is m ard5t 9 8 se>* = !       
sup]subtle nuance4 ,b  !re is always !  
feel+ ( bread?1 ev5 :5 he models an     
eyelid4  ,we are confront$ by ! p>adox (
 an arti/ z torr5tial z ,rub5s  or      
,wagn]1 c>v+ 9 a :olly *>m+ /yle a      
segm5t ( a *ild's  back1 be=e :i* we are
 =c$ to exclaim3 ,donatello come to     
life6 ,8  myopic vision1 !n1 may h be5 8
 arti/ic salvation2 he seems to  rely z 
mu* on 8 delicate tactile s5se z on 8   
eyes4 ,8 f+]s  are z s5sitive z a       
viol9i/'s4 ,at times he seems to model  
bo? tone  & color4    ,a poet1 a        
precise1 sob] workman ( art1 ) a peasant
 /ra9 9  him1 he is l ,millet1 &1 l     
,millet1 ne> to ! soil4 ,a natural  man1
 yet cross$ by nature ) a p]v]se /ra92 !
 possessor  ( a s5sibility exalt$ &     
dolor\s2 morbid1 sick-n]v$1 & z         
introspective z ,he9e2 a vision>y & a   
lov] ( life1 close to !  p]iph]y ( ?+s2 
an int]pret] ( ,baudelaire2 ,dante's    

alt] ego  9 8 grasp ( ! :eel ( et]nity1 
9 8 passionate fl+ at  nature2 )al a    
sculptor1 pr(\nd & tortur$1 transpos+   
rhy?m  into ! t]ms ( 8 art1 ,rod9 is a  
/atu>y :o1 :ile hav+  aff9ities )       
classic & romantic s*ools1 is ! mo/     
/>tl+  app>ition ( 8 c5tury4 ,& to !    
c5tury :i* he has summ$ up s  pla/ically
 & emotionally he has prop\nd$ que/ions 
t only unborn  ye>s may answ]4 ,he has a
 hundr$ faults to :i* he opposes "o     
imp]i\s excell5ce--a g5ius1 sombre1     
magical & ov]:elm+4        ,,ii    ,rod9
 des]ves well ( our "y c5tury1 ! old did
 s incont95tly  batt] him4 ,! angui% ( 8
 own ,hell's ,portal he endur$ be=e he  
mold$ its clay betwe5 8 ?ick clairvoyant
 f+]s4 ,misund]/ood1  !re=e             
misrepres5t$1 he ) 8 pride & ob/9acy    
ar\s$--!  "o buttress+ ! o!r--0 n to be 
budg$ f 8 =mulas or  ! practice ( 8     
sculpture4 ,!n ! art _w swung unamiably1
  unwill+ly1 t[>d him1 p]haps m f       
curiosity ?an conviction4  ,he became   
fam\s4 ,& he is m misund]/ood ?an ev]4  

,he has be5  call$ rus1 ev5 a fraud1    
:ile ! :olesale d5unciation ( 8  "w z   
erotic is unluckily /ill gre5 9 our     
memory4 ,! sculptor1  :o 9 #ahgg 0      
accus$ ( fak+ 8 lifelike ,age (         
,bronze--n[  9 ! ,luxemb\rg--by tak+ a  
mold f ! liv+ model1 also  exp]i5c$ !   
discomfiture ( be+ assur$ "s ye>s lat]  
t1  n und]/&+ ! art ( model+1 8 /atue ( 
,balzac 0 only  an evasion (            
difficulties4 ,& ?is to a man :o 9 !    
int]im _h  wr\ght s _m ma/]pieces4 ,a   
ye> or two ago1 aft] 8 magnific5t  (f]  
to ! city ( ,p>is ( 8 works1 !re 0 mu*  
malevol5t  criticism f c]ta9 qu>t]s4    
,rod9 takes all ?is philosophically4    
,he po9ts out t ! arti/ is ! only "o    
to-day :o creates 9  joy4 ,mank9d z a   
majority hates its "w4 ,workm5 no long] 
consid]  _! v>i\s avocations ) prop]    
pride--?is 0 a favorite !sis  ( ,rusk91 
,william ,morris1 & ,r5oir4 ,fur!rmore1 
argues ,rod91 !  arti/ is indisp5sable4 
,he reveals ! beauty & mean+ ( life to  
8 fell[s4 ,he /ruggles aga9/ ! false1 ! 

conv5tional1 & !  us$-up2 b ! ,fr5*     
sculptor slyly adds3 ,no "o may b5efit  
mank9d  ) impunity4 ,he consid]s himself
 z hav+ a religi\s nature2 all  arti/s  
are temp]am5tally religi\s1 he cont5ds1 
?\gh 8 religion  is n precisely ( ! k9d 
t w\ld appeal to ! or?odox4    ,to give 
,rod9 8 due he /&s prosp]ity n q z well 
z pov]ty4  ,9 e great arti/ !re is a    
l>ge area ( self-e/eem2 x is  ! res]voir
 f :i* he mu/1 dur+ ye>s ( dr\ght or    
defeat1  draw ^u to keep fre% ! s\l4    
,)\t ! consol+ fluid (  egotism g5ius   
w\ld soon p]i% 9 ! du/ ( despair4 ,b    
fill ?is  s\rce to ! brim1 accel]ate !  
spe$ ( its curr5t1 & arti/ic            
det]ioration may ensue4 ,rod9 has be5   
fatu\sly call$ a second  ,mi*ael        
,angelo--z if !re c\ld ev] be a replica 
( any human4 ,he  has be5 hail$ z a     
mod]n ,praxiteles2 :i* is nons5se4 ,& he
 is  (t5 damn$ z a myopic decad5t ^:    
ins5sibility to ! pure l9e  & lack (    
ar*itectonic h be5 elevat$ by 8 admir]s 
into sorry  virtues4 ,nev]!less1 is     

,rod9 ju/ly apprais$8 ,d 8 fri5ds n     
ov]-glorify him8 ,no?+ s /ales a        
demigod's image z ! p]fumes  burn$ be=e 
x by wor%ip]s2 ! d5s] ! smoke ! soon]   
crumbles  ! feet ( _! idol4    ,h[ev]1 9
 ! case ( ,rod9 ! ,fates h s contriv$ _!
  malici\s game t at no po9t 9 8 c>e]   
has he be5 )\t !  company ( envy & sl&]4
 ,(t5 :5 he _h atta9$ a summit he  w\ld 
be ?ru/ d[n into a deep] valley4 ,he has
 m\nt$ to triumphs  & fall5 to          
humiliations2 b 8 _s has nev] be5       
quell$2  & if ea* acclivity he scales is
 /eep]1 ! air atop has gr[n  pur]1 m    
/imulat+1 & bel[ ! l&scape spreads wid] 
be=e  him4 ,) ,dante he c say3 ,la      
montagna *'e drizza voi *'e il  mondo   
fece torti4 ,rod9's m\nta9 has always   
/raight5$ 9 him  :at ! _w made crook$4  
,! "n ( 8 m\nta9 is ,art4 ,a born       
noncon=mi/1 ,rod9 makes ! f\r? ( t gr\p 
( n9ete5?  c5tury arti/s--,ri*>d ,wagn]1
 ,h5rik ,ibs51 ,ed\>d ,manet--:o taught 
a deaf1 dumb1 & bl9d _w to he>1 see1    
?9k1 & feel4    ,is x n dang]\s to say (

 a g5ius t 8 "w alone %\ld  c\nt1 t 8   
p]sonality is negligible8 ,?\gh ,rod9   
has foll[$  ,flaub]t's advice to arti/s 
to lead an ascetic life t _! art  might 
be ! m viol5t1 nev]!less 8 c>e]1        
colorless z  x may seem to ^? :o love   
bett] /age play]s & ! com$y  (          
society--?is labori\s life ( a poor     
sculptor %\ld n be  pass$ ov]4 ,he      
always becomes enrag$ at ! prevail+     
notion t  fire desc5ds f heav5 ^u g5ius4
 ,rod9 believes 9 b "o                  
inspiration--nature4 ,nature c d no     
wrong4 ,he swe>s t he does n  inv5t1 he 
copies nature4 ,he despises             
improvisation1 has contemptu\s  words = 
fatal facility1 &1 be+ a sl[-?9k+1      
sl[-mov+  man1 he only admits to 8      
c\ncils ^? :o h conqu]$ art1 n  by      
assault1 b by /eal? & aft] ye>s ( h>d   
"w4 ,he sympa?izes  ) ,flaub]t's pati5t1
 toil+ days4 ,he praises ,holl& because 
aft]  ,p>is x seems sl[4 ,sl[ness is    
beauty1 he decl>es4 ,9 a ^w1 he  has    
evolv$ a !ory & practice ( 8 art t is ! 

outcome--l  all !ories1 all te*niques--(
 8 own temp]am5t4 ,& t  temp]am5t is    
giant-l1 massive1 ironic1 grave1        
/rangely p]v]se2  x is ! temp]am5t ( a  
magician ( art d\bl$ by a ma!matician's4
    ,books are writt5 ab\t him4 ,)      
picturesque precision ,de ,maupassant   
describ$ him 9 ,notre ,coeur4 ,rod9 is  
tempt+ z a psy*ologic  /udy4 ,he appeals
 to ! lit]>y critic1 ?\gh 8 art is n    
lit]>y4 ,8 model+ ar\ses tempe/s1 ei!r (
 dispraise or  idolatry4 ,to see him    
/eadily aft] a visit to 8 /udios at     
,p>is  or ,meudon is difficult4 ,if !   
ma/] be pres5t !n "o feels !  impact ( a
 p]sonality t is mi/y z ! cl\ds ab\t !  
base (  a m\nta91 & z impressive z !    
bulk ( ! m\nta94 ,yet a sane1  pleasant1
 unassum+ man int]e/$ 9 8 clay--t is1   
unless y  happ5 to discov] him int]e/$ 9
 humanity4 ,if y wat* him well y  may 9 
turn f9d y\rself wat*$2 ^? pe]+ eyes    
possess a vision  t plunges into ! dep?s
 ( y\r s\l4 ,& ?is ma/] ( m>ble  sees ! 
s\l z nude z he sees ! body4 ,x is !    

union 9 him (  sculptor & psy*ologi/ t  
places ,rod9 ap>t f o!r arti/s4  ,^! two
 arts 7psy*ology is ! art ( div9ation7  
he practises  9 a m$ium t hi!rto did n  
betray pot5tialities = su*  p]=mances4  
,walt] ,pat] is "r 9 ma9ta9+ t ea* art  
has its  sep>ate subject matt]2 /ill1 9 
! debatable prov9ce ( ,rod9's  sculpture
 we f9d /range emotional p[]1 h9ts ( !  
pictorial1 &  a r>e sugge/ion ( music4  
,?is1 obvi\sly1 is n play+ ! game       
accord+ to ! rules ( ,less+ & 8 ,laocon4
    ,let u drop ! old ae/hetic rule (   
?umb & confess t dur+ !  la/ c5tury a   
new race ( arti/s sprang up & 9 _! novel
 elem5t  !y1 l fly+-fi%es1 reveal$ to a 
wond]+ _w _! composite  /ructure4 ,?us  
we f9d ,b]lioz pa9t+ ) 8 in/rum5tation2 
,franz  ,liszt1 ,ts*aik[sky1 & ,ri*>d   
,/rauss fill+ _! symphonic poems  )     
drama & poetry2 :ile ,ri*>d ,wagn]      
inv5t$ an art :i* he  believ$ embrac$   
all ! o!rs4 ,& !re 0 ,ibs5 :o employ$ ! 
dramatic =m z a vehicle = 8 an>*i/ic    
ideas2 & ,nietzs*e1 :o  0 su* a poet t  

he 0 able to s+ a mad philosophy into   
life2 n  to =get ,rossetti1 :o pa9t$    
poems & made poetry ( 8 pictures4       
,sculpture 0 ! only art t resi/$ ?is    
univ]sal dis9tegration1  ?is imbroglio (
 ! sev5 arts4 ,no sculptor be=e ,rod9 _h
 d>$ to  %iv] ! syntax ( /one4 ,=       
sculpture is a /atic1 n a dynamic       
art--is x n8 ,let u obs]ve ! rules ?\gh 
we call up ! *ill  _s ( ! cemet]y4 ,:at 
,mall>m attempt$ ) ,fr5* poetry  ,rod9  
accompli%$ 9 clay4 ,8 m>bles d n        
repres5t1 b pres5t1  emotion2 !y are !  
evocation ( emotion itself2 z 9 music1  
=m &  sub/ance coalesce4 ,if he does n1 
z does ,mall>m1 ar\se ! sil5t  ?und]    
afloat 9 ! leaves1 he c summon f ! va/y 
deep !  spirits ( love1 hate1 pa91 s91  
despair1 beauty1 ec/asy2 above all1     
ec/asy4 ,n[1 ! primal gift ( ec/asy is  
be/[$ ^u few arti/s4  ,keats _h x1 &    
,%elley2 ,byron1 despite 8 passion1     
miss$ x4 ,we  f9d x 9 ,sw9burne1 he _h x
 f ! fir/4 ,few ,fr5* poets "k  x4 ,l ! 
cold devils ( ,flici5 ,rops1 coil$ 9    

froz5 ec/asy1  ! fi]y bla/s ( hell ab\t 
!m1 ,*>les ,baudelaire boa/$ !  dang]\s 
gift4 ,poe & ,he9e felt ec/asy1 &       
,liszt4 ,wagn] 0 !  ma/]-adept ( ec/asy3
 ,tri/an & ,isolde6 ,& 9 ! music ( ,*op9
  ec/asy is p9ion$ )9 a b>1 ! s\l rapt  
to heav5 9 a phrase4  ,ri*>d ,/rauss has
 giv5 u a v>iation on ! !me ( ec/asy2   
voluptu\sness tr\bl$ by pa91 ! s\l      
torm5t$ pa?ologically4    ,rod9 is ( ?is
 torm5t$ *oir4 ,he is reveal] ( its     
psy*ology4  ,x may be decad5ce1 z any   
art is 9 its decad5ce :i* /akes !  "p   
aga9/ ! :ole4 ,! same 0 said ( ,bee?ov5 
by ! foll[]s  ( ,haydn1 & ! successors (
 ,ri*>d ,/rauss--,debussy1 ,/rav9sky1  &
 ,s*o5b]g--are abus$ q z viol5tly z !   
,wagn]ites abus$  ,ri*>d ,/rauss1 turn+ 
aga9/ him ! same critical artill]y t  0 
=m]ly employ$ aga9/ ,wagn]4 ,n[adays1   
,rod9 is look$ on z  sup]annuat$1 z a   
reaction>y by ! y\ng] m51 ! ,cubi/s &   
,futuri/s1 :o spoil m>ble ) _!          
iconocla/ic *isels & canvas  ) _!       
pa9t-tubes4    ,t ?is ec/asy %\ld be    

ar\s$ by pictures ( love & dea?1 z  9 ! 
case ( ,poe & ,baudelaire1 ,wagn] &     
,/rauss & ,rod91 is n  to be judg$ an   
arti/ic crime4 ,9 ! ,f> ,ea/ !y         
hypnotize neophytes  ) a bit ( brok5    
mirror1 = 9 ! k+dom ( art !re are _m    
mansions4 ,possibly x 0 a relic ( 8 e>ly
 admiration = ,baudelaire  t set ,wagn] 
to extort+ ec/asy f 8 or*e/ra by images 
(  love & dea?4 ,& no d\bt ! temp]am5t  
:i* seeks su* syn!sis1  a temp]am5t     
common] 9 m$ieval times ?an ours1 0     
inh]5t 9  ,wagn]1 z x is 9 ,rod94 ,bo?  
m5 play ) ! same c\nt]s3 love  & dea?4  
,9 ,pisa we may see 7attribut$ by       
,vas>i7 ,orcagna's fresco (  ! ,triumph 
( ,dea?4 ,! /+ ( ! fle% & ! way ( all   
fle%  are inextricably bl5d$ 9 ,rod9's  
,gate ( ,hell4 ,8 pr9cipal read+  = half
 a c5tury has be5 ,dante & ,baudelaire2 
! ,div9e ,com$y &  ,les ,fleurs du ,mal 
are ! keynotes 9 ! gr&iose :ite symphony
 (  ! ,fr5* sculptor4 ,love & life1 &   
bitt]ness & dea? rule !  !mes ( 8       
m>bles4 ,l ,bee?ov5 & ,wagn]1 he breaks 

academic  rules1 = he is ,augu/e ,rod91 
& :]e he magnific5tly a*ieves1  less] m5
 fail or fumble4 ,8 l>ge1 tumultu\s     
music is alone = 8  *isel to r+ out & to
 s+4          ,,cont5ts          ,,!    
,,c>e] ,,( ,,rod9        ,,rod9 ,,& ,,! 
,,beaux-,,arts        ,soj\rn 9         
,belgium--,! ,man ,:o ,awak5s to        
,nature--,realism & ,pla/] ,ca/s4       
,,flemi% ,,pa9t+--,,j\rneys ,,9 ,,italy 
,,& ,,france4        ,,rod9',s          
,,note-,,book           ,i ,,anci5t     
,,work%ops ,,& ,,mod]n ,,s*ools         
,,ii ,,scatt]$ ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,fl[]s    
,,iii ,,portraits ,,( ,,wom5            
,,iv ,,an ,,arti/',s ,,day           ,v 
,,! ,,l9e ,,& ,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,!    
,,go?ic          ,,vi ,,art ,,& ,,nature
         ,,vii ,,! ,,go?ic ,,g5ius      
,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,rod9        ,i  ,,!      
,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,ca!drals--,,influ5ce   
,,(      ,,! ,,go?ic ,,on ,,! ,,art ,,( 
,,rod9--,,sa9t      ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ 
7#ahhj7--,,! ,,gate ,,(      ,,hell     
,,ii ,,! ,,burgh]s ,,( ,,calais         

7#ahhi7--,,rod9 ,,&      ,,victor       
,,hugo--,,! ,,/atue ,,( ,,balzac 7#ahih7
        ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations        
,rod9 photograph$ on ! /eps ( ! ,hotel  
,biron ,frontispiece      ,portrait ( a 
,"y ,girl      ,la ,pucelle      ,m9]va 
,psy*e      ,! ,adieu      ,rod9 9 ,8   
,/udio at ! ,hotel ,biron               
,repres5tation ( ,france      ,! ,man ) 
! ,brok5 ,nose      ,c>yatid      ,man  
,awak5+ to ,nature      ,! ,kiss        
,bu/ ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,w----      ,! ,poet
 & ! ,muse      ,! ,?9k]                
,adolesc5ce      ,portrait ( ,rod9      
,head ( ,m9]va      ,! ,ba?      ,!     
,brok5 ,lily      ,portrait ( ,madame   
,morla ,vicuha      ,la ,p5se           
,hotel ,biron1 ,view f ! ,g>d5          
,rod9 ,photograph$ 9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,hotel 
,biron      ,portrait ( ,mrs4 ,x        
,rod9 9 ,8 ,g>d5      ,! ,poet & !      
,muses      ,! ,t[] ( ,labor            
,headless ,figure      ,rod9's ,h\se &  
,/udio at ,meudon      ,! ,tempe/       
,! ,village ,fiance      ,metamorphosis 

,accord+ to ,ovid      ,eve      ,rod9  
at ,"w 9 ! ,m>ble      ,p]i/yle ( !     
,/udio at ,meudon      ,/atue (         
,ba/i5-,lepage      ,danaiade           
,portrait ,bu/ ( ,victor ,hugo          
,monum5t to ,victor ,hugo      ,/atue ( 
,balzac      ,! ,head ( ,balzac      ,! 
,/udio at ,meudon      ,romeo & ,juliet 
,spr+      ,bu/ ( ,b]n>d ,%aw      ,a   
,fte ,giv5 9 ,honor ( ,rod9 by ,"s ( ,8 
,fri5ds4        ,,! ,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,art 
,,! ,,c>e] ,,( ,,rod9      ,sev]al ye>s 
h already gone by s9ce ! c>e] ( ,rod9   
atta9$  its full gr[?4 ,f n[ on1 !re=e1 
x c be envisag$ z a :ole1  & we c trace 
! =mation & ! unfold+ ( 8 complex tal5t 
& dis5tangle ! influ5ces t h direct$ &  
su/a9$ x4    ,9 ! c\rse ( ! *apt]s t    
foll[1 ,rod91 ) ! au?ority1  ! calm     
/r5g?1 & ! lucidity t *>act]ize 8 ?\ght1
 (t5  speaks himself ( ^! influ5ces1 b r
 9 a casual1 gossipy1  rem9isc5t ve91   
reflect+ 8 p]sonal obs]vations4 ,he does
 n  attempt to dis5gage ! broad l9es by 
:i* he has rea*$ ! summit  ( art1 or to 

map out1 s to speak1 t s*eme ( 8        
intellectual  developm5t :i* s naturally
 app]ta9s to ! man :o has rea*$ !       
apogee ( tal5t & :i* he contemplates ) !
 satisfaction ( a  /rategi/ face to face
 ) ! plan ( ! battles he has won4    ,x 
is to liv+ writ]s t he seems to address 
himself4 ,rod9 to-day  c be /udi$ l an  
old ma/]1 ,donatello1 ,mi*elangelo1 or  
,pi]re  ,puget4 ,"o p]ceives q 9 its    
entirety ! di/9ct1 ! rigor\sly  su/a9$  
plan t he has foll[$ ) unsw]v+ w 9 ord] 
to  realize himself2 & ! witnesses1 !   
hi/orians ( ?is h]oic life  ( !         
sculptor1 h ! advantage ( be+ able to   
trace x )  exactitude1 z !y c\ld n d 9 !
 case ( a vani%$ arti/4 ,!y  are able to
 int]rogate ! h]o 9 p]son2 !y are able  
to consult  ) ,rod9 himself1 :o is      
admirably intuitive & q aw>e ( :at  he  
owes to c]ta9 favorable conditions ( 8  
life & above all to  8 illu/ri\s        
=]unn]s1 ^? :o h f\ght be=e him on !    
battle-field ( high art4    ,! /udy (   
nature1 ( ! antique1 ,greek & ,roman1 ( 

! art (  m$ieval ,france & t ( !        
,r5aissance--^! are ! spr+s at  :i* he  
has con/antly refre%$ "o ( ! mo/        
irrefutable sculptural  tal5ts t has ev]
 be5 kn[n4 ,^! are ! expressions ( !    
beautiful among :i* 8 pr(\nd & se>*+    
?\ght has travel$  unceas+ly1 seek+ to  
atta9 to a /ill l>g] vision1 a m exact  
und]/&+ ( t mo/ magnific5t ( all ! arts1
 sculpture4    ,! sup]ior man is always 
! product ( an exceptional gift &  ( an 
en]gy peculi> to himself1 :i*           
effectuates itself despite              
circum/ances4 ,he is ! highe/ inc>nation
 ( ! _s1 ( !  /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,9 !   
case ( an arti/ ! /ruggle is all  ! m   
sev]e1 = he has no?+ b himself to impose
 ^u !  _w & he has1 z weapons ( (f5se & 
def5se1 no?+ b 8  intellig5ce1 ! t9y    
sub/ance ( 8 bra94 ,x is !re=e only by  
means ( ! hi/ory ( 8 intellectual life t
 "o c und]/&  him4 ,ext]nal happ5+s only
 v slightly influ5ce ! ob/9ate  m>* (   
true g5ius t[>d ! accompli%m5t ( its    
de/9y4 ,at mo/  !y delay x b a few h\rs4

 ,x =ces its way ?r\gh ! mo/  difficult 
ob/acles2 x ev5 makes use ( ^! ob/acles 
9 ord] to  r$\ble its /r5g? & confirm   
its sup]iority4 ,no?+ imp$es !  =midable
 w ( ^? :o are "u ! spell ( beauty1 ^?  
:o  see tru? & "k x & desire to express 
:at !y see4 ,!y c no  m escape !        
fruition ( _! faculties ?an ! giant c   
escape  ! atta9m5t ( 8 full /ature4     
,rod9 has be5 "o ( ^!4 ,c]ta9ly he has  
be5 assi/$ by  circum/ances1 b above    
ev]y?+ h[ has he n compell$             
circum/ances to assi/ him8    ,:at dem&s
 prem95t recognition 9 8 case is ! gift1
 a spl5did1  a dazzl+ gift = ! pla/ic   
arts1 ! realization ( :i* has be5       
impos$ ^u him1 z x 71 by ! comm& (      
de/9y4 ,:5ce did x  come8 ,f :om did he 
inh]it x8 ,f :at ance/or1 s5sitive to ! 
en*antm5t ( beauty1 suff]+1 & 9 travail 
f ! necessity (  proclaim+ x1 b         
imp]fectly end[$ & p[]less to =ge =     
himself a tal5t 9 ord] to express !     
tremors ( 8 s\l8 ,x is a  my/]y4 ,no "o 
c tell1 ,rod9 himself lea/ ( all4       

,sci5ce has n  yet taught u any?+ ab\t  
^? obscure comb9ations1 ^? endless      
pref]5ces ( ! vital =ce1 ?anks to :i* a 
p]son possesses !  faculties ( g5ius4 ,9
 ?is1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 we are unable to     
div9e ! cause & c only m>vel at !       
effect1 ! prodigy4    ,discr$it$ to-day 
are ! !ories ( ,lombroso & 8 s*ool1 once
  s w>mly welcom$ by m$iocre m9ds a?ir/ 
= equality1 9 :i*  great m5 7 consid]$ z
 deg5]ates ( a sup]ior v>iety1 & !  mo/ 
s5sitive spirits qualifi$ z c&idates = !
 madh\se6 ,all  "o c say is t nature    
abhors equality1 t ! indwell+ w         
delights 9 rais+ up l(ty m\nta9 masses  
above ! uni=mity (  ! pla9s & ! valor ( 
! *os5 few above ! multitude4 ,!        
function ( ! man ( g5ius is1 precisely1 
to possess 9 a supreme  degree ! s5se ( 
inequality & to transcribe its inf9ite  
nuances  9 _! ev]-*ang+1 ev]-mov+1      
ev]-r5ew$ v>iety4 ,he alone  p]ceives ! 
div]sities ^: play is ! law ( ! univ]se 
itself1  & he grasps !m equally 9 a     
fragm5t ( inanimate matt] & 9  ! va/e/  

aspects ( ! _w4 ,f> f be+ half mad1 ?is 
unique  be+1 ?is prodigi\s mirror ( a   
million facets1 a*ieves 8 aim only      
because he possesses f> m intellig5ce   
?an ! mo/ brilliant (  8 contempor>ies1 
because he is 9 t\* ) a m pr(\nd ord]  (
 ?+s & a m compreh5sive me?od1 because  
he comb9es !  qualities ( cont9uity 9   
s5sation & ( disc]nm5t :i* con/itute  t 
supreme s5sibility ( all ! s5ses act+   
toge!r--ta/e4 ,b  x does n please ord9>y
 mortals to believe ?+s ( ?is k9d1  & "o
 c easily und]/& h[ ! cr[d1 repudiat+   
any su*  humiliat+ notion1 are all too  
will+ to foll[ ! lead ( exotic          
pseudo-sci5ti/s & look ^u great m5 z    
lunatics1 consid]+  !mselves f> m       
rational4    ,z to :at ,rod9 himself    
?9ks ( ?is privilege t ,provid5ce has   
conf]r$ on him1 !re is no tell+2 he has 
nev] talk$ v mu*  ab\t x4 ,! fact is1 he
 has su* fai? 9 ! value ( h>d "w &      
w-p[]1 he kn[s s well h[ extraord9>ily  
mu* ( ^! ev5 !  mo/ exceptional natures 
h to ex]t 9 ord] to accompli% any?+1  t 

?is privilege ( div9e "r1 o!rwise j z   
au!ntic z  t :i* sov]eigns 9 =m] times  
pr(it$ by1 am\nts to no?+  9 ! end b !  
acc\nt :i* he draws up 9 ord] to        
calculate !  sum ( 8 ef=ts4 ,:5 ,i 0 q  
"y1 z f> back z ,i rememb]1  ,i drew1 he
 says2 b ! gift is no?+ )\t ! w to make 
x  wor? :ile4 ,! arti/ mu/ h ! pati5ce (
 wat] t eats away  ! rock drop by drop4 
,alas6 w & "w1 ,ma/]1 are also gifts2  b
 ! supreme _s malici\sly amuses itself  
by lead+ u into  error1 inspir+ u ) !   
illusion t x lies ) u to acquire  !m4   
,rod9's case1 !n1 is an example (       
absolute pr$e/9ation1 assi/$  by a w (  
iron4 ,"o mu/ add also ! happy influ5ce 
( ! v>i$  environm5t 9 :i* 8 life has   
be5 plac$ & ! excell5t arti/ic          
education he receiv$ 9 ! s*ools :]e he  
/udi$1 an education  t 0 fruitful1 ?anks
 to ! pres]vation ( ! true traditions ( 
,fr5* art1 kept alive 9 ! s*ools s9ce ! 
eighte5? c5tury4      ,,*ildhood4 ,,y\?4
 ,,fir/ ,,/udies    ,augu/e ,rod9 is !  
son ( a ,norman fa!r & a ,lorra9ese "m4 

,ea* ( ^! two ,fr5* prov9ces1 ,norm&y & 
,lorra9e1 produces a  race em95tly      
reali/ic1 b reali/ic 9 q diff]5t ways4  
,! ,lorra9]1 op9ionat$ & c\rage\s1 h>dy 
9 "*1 &  vigor\s l 8 c\ntry itself1 sees
 ?+s cle>ly & precisely 9  ! light ( a  
_s t has be5 fa%ion$ by ! age-old       
/ruggle  betwe5 ,teuton & ,gaul on our  
ea/]n fronti]4 ,! ?+s t  surr\nd him1 ! 
aspects ( 8 native soil1 l ! sull5      
ob/9acy  ( ! enemy t seeks 9 va9 to drag
 him away1 pres5t !mselves  to 8 eye z a
 reality /ripp$ ( illusions4 ,:5 "o has 
to fight  !re is no "t to dream1 & "o   
mu/ be able to e/imate )  precision :at 
"o is fight+ =4 ,:5 ! man ( ,lorra9e    
utt]s 8  feel+ ab\t ! ?+s he loves &    
def5ds1 x is ) a loyalty  r dry 9       
expression & impression1 b also ) a =ce 
(  consci\sness t is impos+4            
,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y    
,,girl4 ,a ,,"w ,,( ,,rod9',s ,,y\?4    
,z = ! ,norman1 l 8 c\ntry he ov]fl[s ) 
an abundance (  life f :i* he d]ives a  
passionate ne$ = ! pleasures ( s5se4    

,f> f /ifl+ 9 him ! love ( ! beautiful1 
?is appetite =  triumphant realities    
eng5d]s1 on ! contr>y1 an exaltation ( !
  s5ses t leads to ! mo/ exquisite ta/e 
9 ! production ( art4  ,comp\nd$ (      
s5suality & my/icism1 ! tw9 *>act]i/ics 
(  ^! ri* spirits1 v l ^? ( ,belgium1 to
 :om1 by virtue (  anci5t migrations1 !y
 are closely alli$1 ! arti/s ( ,norm&y  
necess>ily respond to ! manifold        
requirem5ts ( _! temp]am5t4  ,we "k )   
:at a pr(usion ( monum5ts1 robu/ &      
impos+ 9  /ructure & miracul\sly clo!d 9
 ! mo/ delicate lacework (  /one1 !     
,go?ic ar*itects ( ,norm&y h cov]$ n    
only ! soil  ( _! prov9ce1 b also1      
beyond ! sea1 t ( ! ,two ,sicilies1     
/rewn ev5 to ?is day ) beautiful cloi/]s
 & sumptu\s *ur*es  ( ! twelf? & ?irte5?
 c5turies1 :i* ! ,norman ,conque/  c>ri$
 !re4    ,! *ild ( ,norm&y & ,lorra9e 0 
born 9 ,p>is1 ,novemb] #ad1  #ahdj4 ,8  
fa!r 0 a simple employee4 ,he dwelt 9 "o
 ( ! olde/  & mo/ curi\s qu>t]s ( !     
great city1 ! ,qu>ti] ,sa9t-,victor  9 !

 fif? arrondissem5t4 ,rod9 saw ! light 9
 ! rue de  l',arbalte4 ,x is a little1  
hilly /reet1 q prov9cial 9 its  aspect &
 its quietness1 t w9ds among ! r[s ( old
 h\ses1 "s  l[1 z if cr\*$ d[n1 o!rs    
n>r[ & high1 z if !y wi%$ to  look ov]  
_! %\ld]s at :at passes bel[1 v l a cr[d
 (  liv+ p4 ,its "n1 ! rue de           
l',arbalte1 is full ( sugge/ion  ( !    
,middle ,ages1 l t ( ! rue des          
,patri>*es1 9 :i*  x comes to an end1 & 
t ( ! rue des ,lyonnais & ! rue de      
l',epe-de-,bois1 :i* are its neighbors4 
,x crosses ! fam\s rue  ,m\ffet>d ne> ! 
little *ur* ( ,/4 ,md>d on ! la/ slopes 
(  ! ,montagne-,sa9te-,g5evive1 :i* has 
be51 s9ce ! ?irte5?  c5tury1 ! seat ( ! 
univ]sity & ! s*ools2 bel[ is ! pla9  ( 
! ,gobel9s1 :]e once ! riv] ,bivre ran  
expos$4    ,ev5 to ! pres5t day ?is     
corn] ( ! city has n suff]$  too mu* f !
 de/ructive *anges ( mod]nity4 ,at ! "t 
(  ! *ildhood ( ,rod9 x 0 /ill virtually
 unt\*$4 ,cr[d$1  picturesque1 & 9 c]ta9
 p>ts dirty & squalid1 l an ,ori5tal    

city1 ) its little int]lac+ /reets1 its 
c\ntless %ops1 its  sw>ms ( p giv5 ov]  
to a ?\s& famili> trades c>ri$ on 9     
public1--op5-air kit*5s1 fruit-/&s1     
groc]y %ops1 clo?+ %ops1  & %ops (      
ironmong]s1 coal-v5d]s1 &1              
w9e-sell]s1--x is an  almo/ p]fect      
fragm5t1 a human fragm5t1 ( ! old ,go?ic
 ,p>is4    ,truly ,rod9 0 =tunate3 he 0 
born 9 a *apt] ( ,victor ,hugo's  ,notre
 ,dame de ,p>is4 ,de/9y pres]v$ ! fir/  
glances ( 8  arti/'s eyes f ! dis5*ant+ 
banality ( our mod]n /reets4 ,x  plac$  
be=e !m1 z if to give !m a hatr$ (      
uni=mity1 z if  to disgu/ him =ev] ) !  
misde$s ( ! /raight l9e1 adopt$  ! _w   
ov] by ! rank & file ( contempor>y      
ar*itects1--^?  cong5itally bl9d &      
mutilat$ s\ls1--a population ( h\ses    
hav+  a physiognomy & a s\l ( _! own1   
:i*1 ) _! slop+ ro(s1  _! irregul>      
gables1 et* _! amus+ pr(iles aga9/ ! sky
  & seem to gossip ) ! birds & ! cl\ds1 
putt+ to %ame !  few regul> build+s t h 
intrud$ & lo/ !mselves amid ?is         

congregation s t\*$ ) spirituality4     
,all ?is ,rod9 saw2 ) a *ild's innoc5t  
eye1 he absorb$ all ?is  fantasy ( pa/  
ages2 he /udi$ ! little %ops ) _! l[    
ceil+s dat+ f ! p]iod ( ! gilds2 he not$
 ?r\gh !  t9y panes ( _! w9d[s !        
,rembr&tesque effects ( %ad[ &  gold5   
light1 9 :i* ! humble/ objects live a   
life t is full (  intimate my/]y &      
famili> *>m4 ,ab\t !m he saw a p full ( 
life1 al]t1 awake1 always 9 action1     
always 9 dispute1 unconsci\sly  fall+   
into a ?\s& beautiful1 simple attitudes1
 ! et]nal  attitudes associat$ ) dr9k+1 
eat+1 sleep+1 work+1 &  lov+4    ,:at   
admirable1 p[]ful precepts ?is tea*+1   
)\t ef=t1 )\t  pr(essors1 )\t p$antry1  
?us =ev] impos$ ^u ! memory (  ! future 
sculptor6 ,yes1 ,rod9 !re enjoy$ a      
priceless good =tune4    ,z *ild & "y   
man1 8 walks & 8 duties took him        
incessantly  pa/ ,notre ,dame1 ! que5 ( 
ca!drals1 appe>+1 f ! heights  ( ,/e4   
,g5evive1 magnific5tly seat$ on ! bank (
 ! ,se9e t  devot$ly kisses its feet2 9 

front ( x1 ,/e4 ,eti5ne-du-,mont1       
surr\nd$ by conv5ts1 ) its nave1 t      
treasure ( grace bequea!d  to u by !    
,r5aissance4 ,!re also is ! anci5t      
little ,roman *ur*  ( ,/4               
,juli5-le-,pauvre2 & ,/4 ,sv]91 t sweet 
relic ( ,go?ic  art1 ab\t :i* lies      
unroll$ ! old qu>ti] des tru&s1 ) !     
rues ,gal&e de la ,hu*ette & de la      
,p>*em9]ie1 :i* ! pick-axes  ( !        
h\sebreak]s are n[ giv+ ov] to !        
univ]sal ugl9ess4    ,! ,pan?on & !     
build+s t surr\nd x taught ! "y ,rod9  t
 ! public monum5ts ( ! /yle ( ,l\is     
,,xv1 al?\gh cold]  & /iff]1 /ill (f] a 
c]ta9 gr&eur by virtue ( _! beauty  (   
proportion & "*4 ,close beside ! some:at
 =mal solemnity  ( ^! build+s1 ! ,g>d5s 
( ! ,luxemb\rg t invite !  pass]-by )   
all _! t5d]1 smil+ *>m1 ! exquisite     
p>t]re1  ! elegant little pila/]$       
palace1 ! ,m$ici f\nta91 ^:  *>m+ /atues
 p\r out _! wat] t murmurs b5ea? !      
bran*es  ( ! trees spread out above l a 
t5t ( lacework1 taught him !  en*antm5t 

( ! ar*itectural h>monies ( !           
,r5aissance1 h>monies  ( *isel$ /one1   
noble %ad[s1 & c>pet+ fl[]s4    ,l all  
arti/s1 ,rod9 adores ! ,luxemb\rg4 ,m   
?an ?is1 he w\ld  n = any?+ 9 ! _w see  
^? /atues ( ! que5s ( ,france  bani%$1  
^? enorm\s /one dolls ( a quality1 z    
reg>ds sculpture1  little calculat$ to  
satisfy lov]s ( ri* model+4 ,no matt]1  
he  loves ! gray mass !y make "u !      
fragrant summits ( ! limes  & !         
haw?orns2 !y are "p ( ! sc5]y ( 8 y\?2  
he rema9s  fai?ful to !m z to old       
play?+s4 ,0 x n ^! t he sket*$  9 ^?    
fir/ attempts ( 88    ,8 aptitude       
quickly reveal$ itself4 ,?is man1 :om   
ignorant critics  7 to reproa* "o day ) 
n kn[+ h[ to draw1 h&l$ !  p5cil f 8    
e>lie/ *ildhood4    ,8 "m b\ght h]      
provisions f a groc] 9 ! neighborhood4  
,!  groc] wrapp$ up 8 rice1 v]micelli1 &
 dri$ prunes 9 bags made  f cut-up      
illu/rat$ pap]s & engrav+s t _h be5 ?r[n
 away4  ,rod9 got hold ( ^! bags1 & !y 7
 8 fir/ models4 ,he copi$  ^! wret*$    

images passionately4    ,t[>d ! age (   
twelve1 he 0 s5t to ,beauvais1 to ! h\se
 (  an uncle :o und]took to br+ him up4 
,beauvais & its unf9i%$  ca!dral 0 ano!r
 sil5t lesson1 nev] to be =gott5--t     
ca!dral :i* is no?+ b a *oir1 b h[      
m>vel\s a *oir6    ,( c\rse at ! "t he  
did n appreciate its spl5dor4 ,) !      
indiff]5ce ( 8 age1 he /udi$ its        
ar*itecture & its sculpture1  :i*1 = t  
matt]1 all 8 contempor>ies1 ev5 !       
cultivat$1  despis$ f ! dep? ( _!       
ignorance4 ,t 0 ! "t :5  art critics &  
pr(essors ( e/hetics d5i$ ,go?ic art )\t
  compreh5d+ x1 ! ,roman s*ool be+ 9 !  
asc5dant 9 !  admiration ( ! public4    
,nev]!less1 ! jewel 9 /one did n fail   
to speak 9 ! language ( beauty & tru? to
 ?is pr$e/9$ "y  man4 ,8 s5sibility     
regi/]$ its impressions1 not$ d[n ^?    
po9ts  ( comp>ison :i* he 0 to f9d lat] 
9 ! dep?s ( 8 memory &  :i* 7 to enable 
him to judge & appreciate4 ,"u ! vault (
 !  maje/ic nave he li/5$ to ! mass1 he 
took "p 9 ! gr&1 sacr$  drama1 ^:       

phrases t\*$ 8 imag9ation pr(\ndly1     
sometimes  exalt+ x to ! po9t ( my/icism
 & impregnat+ x ) !  nobility ( !       
symbols & ( ! ,ca?olic ritual temp]$ by 
eighte5  c5turies ( usage4    ,rod9 0   
plac$ 9 a bo>d+-s*ool4 ,he f\nd !       
s*ol>'s life  dre>y & dull2 8 comrades  
seem$ to him noisy "y b>b>ians1  absorb$
 9 brutal & too (t5 vici\s pa/imes4     
,c]ta9 /udies 7  repugnant to him1      
ma!matics & solfeggio4 ,ne>-sight$1 )\t 
be+ aw>e ( x1 he c\ld n make out !      
figures & ! notes !  ma/]s wrote on !   
blackbo>d2 he und]/ood no?+ & 0 almo/   
bor$ to dea?4    ,?is myopia 0 de/9$ to 
h ! mo/ vital influ5ce on 8 art4        
,because ( 8 difficulty 9 p]ceiv+ total 
effects1 8 in/9ct has  only r>ely l$ him
 to ! composition ( monum5ts on a v l>ge
  scale1 9 :i* ! ar*itectural           
con/ruction is ( ne>ly z great          
importance z ! sculpture prop]4 ,! mo/  
consid]able t we owe  to him is t ( ,!  
,burgh]s ( ,calais2 & !re is also ,!    
,gate  ( ,hell1 :i*1 almo/ inexplicably1

 rema9$ incomplete ev5 9 !  v h\r :5 x 0
 giv5 ov] z f9i%$4 ,! great sculptor1 at
  ! "t :5 he turn$ x ov] to ! f\nd]s1   
p]haps unconsci\sly  exp]i5c$ a lapse ( 
vision1 an insurm\ntable fatigue ( !    
eyes1  ov]-/ra9$ by ! prolong$ ef=t to  
grasp ! ensemble ( !  edifice & ! h>mony
 ( ! c\ntless details ( ?is sup]b       
composition4    ,b if he has be5 turn$  
aside1 by 8 physical con/itution1 f     
monum5tal art1 x has only s]v$ to       
conc5trate him ) all !  m ardor ^u !    
m9ute "w ( model+1 = :i*1 by a sort (   
comp5sation1 he is end[$ ) an eye ^:    
p5etration has _h no  equal s9ce ! "t ( 
! ,r5aissance4    ,at ! age ( f\rte5 he 
return$ to ,p>is4 ,8 p>5ts judg$ t !    
mom5t _h come = him to *oose a c>e]4    
,obs]v+ 8 a/oni%+  gifts1 !y decid$ to  
let him take up draw+1 b1 hav+ small    
means1  !y 7 unable to provide him )    
special ma/]s4 ,!y ent]$ him  at !      
,s*ool ( ,decorative ,arts1 ano!r piece 
( good =tune4    ,?is s*ool1 call$ by   
abbreviation ! ,petite ,ecole1 9        

di/9ction  f ! great s*ool1 t ( !       
,beaux-,arts1 is situat$ 9 ! old  rue de
 l',ecole de ,mdec9e1 close to ! ,facult
 de ,mdec9e & !  ,sorbonne4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9
 #agfe1 "u ! "n ( ! ,free ,s*ool  (     
,design1 by ! pa9t] ,jean-,jacques      
,ba*eli]1 a clev] arti/ &  /ud5t ( /yles
 9 art no long] practis$ or little kn[n1
 :o _h  be5 well ?\ght ( by ,madame de  
,pompad\r1 ! favorite ( ,l\is ,,xv1  !  
*>m+ & virtually (ficial m9i/] ( f9e    
arts dur+ !  reign ( t mon>*4 ,x 0 %e :o
 plac$ ,ba*eli] 9 *>ge ( !  ateli]s de  
dcoration at ! ,svres manufactory4 ,9   
creat+ !  ,petite ,ecole1 ! pa9t] seem$ 
to be foll[+ out1 aft] ! dea? (  8      
graci\s protectress1 ! impulse %e _h    
communicat$ to ,fr5* art  dur+ h]       
lifetime4    ,illu/ration3 ,,la         
,,pucelle4    ,?us we see ,rod9 at !    
s*ool ( ! ,m>quise de ,pompad\r1 plac$  
once m 9 a milieu full ( orig9ality &   
life4 ,he f\nd himself  !re surr\nd$ by 
a little _w ( beg9n]s 9 e l9e1 budd+    
arti/s2 almo/ ev]ybody ( 8 g5]ation has 

pass$ ?r\gh ?is  c\rse4 ,!y came !re to 
le>n to draw1 pa9t1 & model4    ,9 !    
ev5+ ! halls 7 fill$ ) amateurs :o1 aft]
 _!  day's "w 0 ov]1 s\ght to acquire a 
c]ta9 arti/ic skill z  tape/ry-work]s1  
ornam5t-mak]s1 work]s 9 iron1 m>ble1    
etc4 ,!y  7 en]getic1 turbul5t1 poor4   
,rod91 l !m1 0 en]getic &  poor1 b      
sil5t1 labori\s1 & p]t9aci\s4 ,he appli$
 himself to !  copy+ ( models ( all     
sorts1 mo/ frequ5tly r$ *alks by ,b\*]  
& pla/] ca/s ( animals1 plants1 & fl[]s4
    ,! s*ool _h possess$ ^! ?+s s9ce !  
eighte5? c5tury &1  l almo/ ev]y?+ t 0  
creat$ 9 t b\ntiful epo*1 !y  7 v well  
done1 compos$ aft] nature1 _! elegance  
full ( w>m  tru?2 !y 7 models 9 bold    
ronde-bosse4 ,t is to say1 !y  pres5t$ t
 quality ( relief to :i* draw+1 l       
sculpture1 owes  its ri* oppositions (  
light & %ad[4 ,to ^? :o copi$ !m !y     
communicat$ ! sci5ce ( relief1 !        
fundam5tal basis ( art1 &  ! liv+       
suppl5ess ( ! be/ p]iods1 :i* has almo/ 
entirely  disappe>$ to-day4    ,"o day  

,rod9 ent]$ ! model+ class4 ,he work$   
!re aft] !  antique4 ,he _h 8 fir/      
exp]i5ce ( work+ 9 clay2 x 0 a          
revelation1 an en*antm5t4 ,he fell 9    
love ) ?is mti]1 :i*  seem$ to him ! mo/
 s$uctive ( all2 he became obsess$ ) !  
desire to mold ?is s(t mat]ial himself1 
to se>* 9 x = ! =m  ( ?+s4    ,8 fir/   
attempts ov]joy$ him2 he 0 n fifte5 ye>s
 old & he  _h f\nd 8 pa?6    ,we see him
 execut+ a fragm5t2 he models ! head1 ! 
h&s1 !  arms1 ! legs1 ! feet2 !n he sets
 ab\t ! :ole figure2 !re  is no         
deception2 !re are no insurm\ntable     
difficulties = him2 he  und]/&s at once 
! /ructure ( ! human body2 9 ! phrase ( 
! ateli]1 ses bon%ommes ti5n5t2 ! arms &
 ! legs adju/  !mselves naturally to !  
body3 he is a born sculptor4    ,e day  
he arrives at ! class at eight o'clock 9
 ! morn+2 he  works )\t falt]+ till     
noon1 9 company ) five or six pupils4   
,at t h\r !y /op "w2 !y are happy2 !y   
leave _! seats &  take a turn ab\t !    
model4 ,9 ! ev5+ ?+s are diff]5t2 f     

sev5 to n9e1 ! class is ov]-full2 "o c  
/udy ! model !n  only f a di/ance2 a    
sup]ficial1 wret*$ me?od t is practis$  
on a l>ge scale at ! ,ecole des         
,beaux-,arts & aga9/ :i* ,rod9 has      
prote/$ all 8 life4    ,?us we f9d him  
ent]$ on 8 arti/ic c>e] n z a           
dilettante1  z an amateur1 z happ5s too 
(t51 b z a v]itable workman4 ,l  ,g5]al 
,klb]1 he c\ld long say1 ,my pov]ty has 
s]v$ me well2 ,i  am atta*$ to x4 ,x    
plac$ him1 f 8 *ildhood1 9 ! pres5ce  ( 
realities4 ,x /eep$ him 9 life itself4  
,x safegu>d$ him f  ! artificial        
education t debilitates ! "y            
middle-class  ,fr5*man & de/roys 9 him !
 _s ( initiative & p]sonality4  ,x      
depriv$ him luckily ( ! pleasures t ri* 
"y m5 too  easily (f] !mselves1 ! abuse 
( :i* r5d]s !m un/eady1  caprici\s1 &   
indiff]5t4 ,rigor\sly held to 8 pa? by  
necessity1  he consecrat$ all 8 "t & all
 8 en]gies to /udy4 ,he became  dilig5t1
 s]i\s1 & prud5t4    ,he _h !           
opportunity ( see+ 8 model+ correct$ by 

,c>peaux4 ,!  great sculptor1 9 fact1   
taught at ! ,petite ,ecole4 ,^u 8 return
  f ,rome1 he _h ask$ = a mode/ po/ z an
 assi/ant ma/] t  w\ld help to assure 8 
equally mode/ exi/5ce2 !y _h grant$ 8   
reque/1 b )\t seek+ to give him any?+ m6
 ,8 "y pupils  sc>cely und]/ood 8 high  
wor?1 ! sub/antial & delicate grace  ( 8
 tal5t1 8 voluptu\s elegance1 inh]it$ f 
! eighte5?  c5tury & unit$ ) a c]ta9    
n]v\s s$uctiv5ess t 0  altoge!r mod]n1 a
 c]ta9 palpitat+ quality ( ! s\l & ( !  
fle% t _h n be5 kn[n be=e1 manife/+     
itself ?r\gh !  ductility ( 8 model+4 ,b
 in/9ctively !y admir$ him2 !y  m>vel$1 
among o!r ?+s1 at ! precision & !       
rapidity ( !  corrections ! ma/] execut$
 "u _! eyes4 ,lat]1 :5 exp]i5ce  _h come
 to him1 ,rod9 greatly honor$           
,jean-,bapti/e ,c>peaux2 he 0  "o ( ^? =
 :om ! appe>ance ( ! fam\s gr\p ,!      
,dance1  9 ! p>vis ( ! ,opra1 0 a       
v]itable ev5t4 ,at t mom5t he  discov]$ 
aga9 9 himself ! influ5ce ( ?is         
beautiful _s :i*  _h be5 slumb]+ 9 him  

s9ce he left ! ,petite ,ecole2 !n he    
became almo/ ! disciple ( ,c>peaux4 ,i  
"k a figure ( a bac*ante  ( ,rod9's1 a  
m>ble t is almo/ unkn[n1 ! fle% ( :i* is
 s  supple & s light t "o w\ld say x 0  
mold$ ( :eat & honey  & ! "w ( !        
sculptor ( ,! ,dance4 ,!re floats also 9
 its  c\nt5ance t spirituality1 t       
expression z ( a sort ( angelic  malice 
:i* ,c>peaux seems to h borr[$          
occasionally f !  figures ( ,leon>do da 
,v9ci4    ,illu/ration3 ,,m9]va4    ,:5 
! clocks ( ! ,sorbonne qu>t] /ruck noon1
 ,rod9 left !  ,petite ,ecole2 he walk$ 
to ! ,l\vre1 eat+1 z he w5t1 a roll  & a
 cake ( *ocolate :i* 0 all he _h = lun*4
 ,he sket*$  ! antiques4 ,f !re he w5t  
on to ! ,gal]ie des ,e/ampes at  !      
,biblio?que ,nationale1 :]e !y loan$    
out1 )\t any too  mu* good w1 misplac$ z
 t is ) /ud5ts1 ! albums (  plates aft] 
,mi*elangelo & ,raphael & ! great       
illu/rat$ "w1  ,l',hi/oire de ,co/ume   
,roma94 ,because ( ?is mis]l9ess ( !irs1
  he did n always obta9 ! volumes he    

wi%$ =1 :i* 7 res]v$  = habitus :o 7    
bett] kn[n4 ,?is did n prev5t him f     
becom+ initiat$ into ! sci5ce (         
drap]ies4 ,he execut$ hundr$s  ( sket*es
 f memory1 at la/ develop+ 9 himself !  
faculty (  rememb]+ =ms4 ,f ! rue de    
,ri*elieu1 always on foot1 he w\ld      
repair to ! ,gobel9 manufactory4 ,!re   
ea* day1 f five to eight  o'clock1 he   
foll[$ ! c\rse 9 design4 ,plac$ be=e    
nature itself1  be=e ! nude1 he absorb$ 
m excell5t pr9ciples4 ,! tea*+ (  !     
eighte5? c5tury 0 practis$ !re also1 & 8
 "w became  p]man5tly impregnat$ by x4  
,9 ! morn+1 at daybreak1 be=e go+ to !  
,petite ,ecole1 he f\nd  ! "t to walk to
 an old pa9t]'s he knew1 :]e he kept a  
numb] (  canvases go+4 ,9 ! ev5+ he made
 c>eful copies ( ! sket*es  he _h jott$ 
d[n at noon 9 ! gall]ies ( ! ,l\vre & ! 
,biblio?que4 ,he drew f> into ! night2  
he drew ev5 dur+ supp]1  at ! frugal    
bo>d ( 8 family1 surr\nd$ by 8 fa!r1 8  
"m1  & 8 "y si/]1 b5d+ ov] 8 pap] utt]ly
 reg>dless ( 8  heal?1 a c\rse ( ?+s t  

soon br\ght on ga/ric disord]s f  :i* he
 suff]$ cruelly4 ,9 %ort1 he toil$      
incessantly1 ard5t &  pati5t1 ob/9ate1 &
 full ( self-confid5ce4    ,assur$ly he 
nev] 9 ! _w imag9$ t he 0 to become 9 "t
  "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s repres5tatives ( 
! ,fr5* art ( !  n9ete5? c5tury1 t he 0 
to be ! equal 9 r5[n ( celebrities  l   
,lam>t9e1 ,alfr$ de ,musset1 or ,mi*elet
 :om he saw occasionally  9 ! ,luxemb\rg
 ,g>d5s1 )\t ev5 d>+ to b[ to !m2 b he  
possess$ a fix$ & a precise idea ( :at 0
 requir$ to be a good  sculptor & !     
resolution to realize x4 ,little did he 
c>e h[ long  x w\ld take1 h[ t>dy       
success might prove1 h[ sl[ =tune might 
be  9 com+2 little did he c>e =         
ob/acles1 ev5 = mis]y4 ,he 0  go+ ! "r  
way1 unhesitat+1 untr\bl$1 n compromis+ 
)  himself or ) anybody4 ,he possess$ ! 
irresi/ible w ( a =ce4    ,i h _h       
occasion to exam9e "o ( ! note-books (  
,rod9's y\?4  ,x is q fill$ ) sket*es   
aft] engrav+s f ! antique1  animals or  
human figures4 ,! draw+ is /rangely     

compact1 wilful1  = ! boy ( sixte5 or   
sev5te5 t he 0 !n4 ,already1 9 its      
accumulation ( /rokes & hat*+s :i*1 dur+
 an entire p]iod  ( 8 arti/ic           
developm5t1 r5d] ! draw+ ( ,rod9 re/less
 &  p]sonal l a piece ( writ+1 x        
exhibits an ob/9ate se>* =  relief1 x   
speaks to u l hi]oglyphics1 reveal+ !   
p[] ( 8  grasp4 ,8 progress 0 rapid4 ,at
 sev5te51 he f9i%$ 8 fir/  /udies4 ,!   
mom5t came = him to pass f ! s*ool (    
decorative  arts to t ( ! ,beaux-,arts &
 to prep>e himself1 l 8  companions1 = !
 exam9ations & = ! competition = ! prix 
de ,rome1 ! fam\s prix de ,rome t seem$ 
to ,rod91 inexp]i5c$  /ud5t z he 01 !   
cr[n ( ! mo/ rigor\s arti/ic /udies4    
,,rod9 ,,& ,,! ,,beaux-,,arts      ,rod9
 pres5t$ himself at an exam9ation =     
entrance into ! ,ecole  des             
,beaux-,arts4 ,he 0 reject$4 ,he pres5t$
 himself a second "t1 b  ) ! same       
result4 ,:at 0 ! reason = x8 ,nei!r he  
nor 8  fell[-/ud5ts c\ld discov]4 ,!y   
us$ to =m a circle ab\t him  :5 he      

work$4 ,!y admir$ ! ke5ness & precision 
( 8 glance1  ! already a/oni%+ skill ( 8
 h&4 ,!y told him t he w\ld  be accept$4
 ,he fail$ a ?ird "t4 ,f9ally a         
fell[-/ud5t :o 0  %rewd] ?an ! o!rs gave
 ! solution ( ! enigma4 ,x requires a   
some:at long explanation4    ,! great   
s*ool is "u ! direction ( ! memb]s ( !  
,academy  ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,^! pr(essors   
correct ! "w ( ! /ud5ts1 set  !         
exam9ations1 & aw>d ! prizes4 ,!y are   
recruit$ f memb]s  ( ! society1 are1 9  
%ort1 ! repres5tatives ( (ficial1 or    
cons]vative1 art4 ,(ficial art is a     
product ( ! ,revolution ( #aghi4  ,up to
 t "t !re 7 n two k9ds ( art 9 ,france4 
,at ! mo/1  until ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv    
only "o secession disport$ itself "u  ! 
influ5ce ( ,lebrun1 pa9t] to ! k+4 ,art 
0 a unit1 & its  div9e floresc5ce spread
 f ,france ov] all ,europe4 ,! *ur*1  ! 
k+s1 & _! c\rt ( great lords & cultivat$
 ladies 7  ! protectors &1 inde$1 !     
inspir]s1 ( t fl[]+ ( beauty  t _h gr[n 
f ! "t ( ! fir/ ,capets1 inde$ f ! "t  (

 ! ,m]ov+ians1 d[n to ! end ( ! eighte5?
 c5tury4 ,!  ,fir/ ,empire m>k$ 9 effect
 ! beg9n+ ( ! arti/ic decad5ce  (       
,europe &1 "o may say1 ( ! _w4 ,arti/s  
at t "t divid$  !mselves into two camps1
 ! cons]vatives1 )1 at _! head1  ,david 
& 8 s*ool1 :o pictur$ an art ( conv5tion
 & approv$  =mulas1 & ! indep5d5ts1 :o  
cont9u$1 al?\gh 9 a some:at             
revolution>y & extravagant _s1 ! true   
traditions ( ,fr5* art4  ,among ^? f9e  
rebelli\s m5 ( tal5t ( ! fir/ ord] 7    
,rude1  ,b>ye1 & ,c>peaux 9 sculpture1 &
 ,b>on ,gros1 ,eugne ,delacroix1        
,c\rbet1 & ,manet 9 pa9t+4              
,illu/ration3 ,,psy*e4    ,by a s+ul>   
contradiction1 ,l\is ,david 0 z baneful 
a !ori/ z  he 0 a great pa9t] &1 above  
all1 an excell5t draftsman4 ,t  expla9s 
itself4 ,! quality ( 8 draw+ he ow$ to !
 eighte5?  c5tury1 9 :i* he _h appe>$ & 
a pupil ( :i* he 02 b he  d]iv$ 8       
e/hetic doctr9e f ! ,revolution1 :i*    
made use (  ! same sect>ian zeal to     
obta9 ! triumph ( c]ta9 false ideas  t x

 us$ to advance ! "r pr9ciples t 7 its  
glory4  ,?r\gh "o1 ,david produc$ works 
( great wor? & "s admirable  portraits2 
?r\gh ! o!r1 he wr\ght great havoc among
 arti/s4  ,! _w 01 moreov]1 well dispos$
 to submit to ^! pr9ciples4  ,:5 art    
re/ricts itself to repeat+ attitudes1   
ge/ures1 approv$  receipts1 )\t hav+    
/udi$ or obs]v$ !m 9 nature 9 h]        
con/ant *anges1 x means decad5ce4 ,if   
,david 0 able to h 8  !ories accept$1 x 
0 because ! "t 0 ripe to receive !m1 to 
be cont5t$ ) !m2 & to say t ! "t 0 ripe 
is only to say  t x 0 a deg5]ate "t1    
satisfi$ to be reliev$ ( ! task (       
reflect+1 ( discov]+ = itself ! laws (  
beauty1 or1 9 %ort1  ( work+ f !        
f\ndation4    ,(ficial pa9t] ( !        
,revolution & ! ,empire1 ,l\is ,david   
proclaim$ 8 doctr9e ) ! au?ority ( a    
pontiff4 ,he made a set  ( n>r[ rules   
:i* advocat$ a sup]ficial imitation ( ! 
antique1  a copy+ ( ! works ( ,greece & 
,rome1 n 9 _s1 b 9 lett]2  n 9 t        
accurate k ( con/ruction & ( ! model1   

:i*  made up _! supreme wor?1 b 9 _!    
conv5tional attitudes &  expressions4   
,ev5 f beyond ! grave ,david cont9u$ to 
rule ! academy (  ! ,beaux-,arts 9 ! "n 
( ! artificial idealism :i* he _h       
proclaim$1 & :oev] reject$ 8 sorry      
in/ruction saw himself  )\t m]cy %[n to 
! door ( ! national s*ools arid         
academies4  ,!y _h %[n ! door to ,rude1 
! au?or ( ! ma/]piece ( !  ,arc de      
,triomphe1 ,! ,dep>ture ( ! ,volunte]s (
 #agib4 ,!y _h  %[n x to ! unhappy      
,c>peaux1 treat$ all 8 life z a h]etic &
  p]secut$ by ! (ficial class1 def5d]s (
 ! s-call$ h]oic  a*ievem5ts & /]eotyp$ 
=ms4 ,!y w5t to e extreme 9  _! conte/ )
 free & det]m9$ g5ius4 ,z a la/ resort  
!y  employ$ e weapon ( trea*]y aga9/ !  
undiscipl9$ great1  ^? fall5 angels ( ! 
false p>adise ( ! ,in/itute--weapons t  
lat] !y did n scruple to use aga9/      
,rod94 ,!y accus$ ,c>peaux  ( indec5cy1 
& 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! mis]able falsehood1
 a  p]v]se idiot flung a c ( ink on !   
adorable gr\p ( ,! ,dance1  t song ( !  

nymphs1 clamor\s ) y\?1 laught]1 &      
music4    ,?is digression 9 ! /ory (    
,rod9's life expla9s 8 :ole life4 ,by  8
 manly indep5d5ce1 8 p]si/5t refusal to 
foll[ ! dictates  ( ! s*ool1 he         
naturally f\nd himself plac$ at ! head (
 ^?  :o antagoniz$ ! (ficial class4     
,aga9/ an oppon5t ( 8 /r5g?  & ob/9acy !
 /ruggle naturally took on new en]gy4 ,x
 recall$  to m9d ! viol5ce ( ! fam\s    
intellectual qu>rels ( o!r days  --!    
qu>rel ( ! ,anci5ts & ! ,mod]ns 9 !     
sev5te5? &  eighte5? c5turies1 & t ( !  
,classici/s & ! ,romantici/s  9 #ahcj4  
,:5 ,rod9 pres5t$ himself at ! great    
s*ool1 h[1 9 8  inexp]i5ce1 c\ld he     
=esee ! w> ( wild bea/s t rages 9  !    
?ickets ( art8 ,x ne$$ inde$ a          
bett]-in=m$ comrade to  disclose !      
situation to him4 ,!n 8 eyes 7 op5$4 ,he
 und]/ood  !n t he w\ld only be wa/+ 8  
"t 9 /riv+ to =ce !  bronze doors t are 
clos$ aga9/ ! influ5ces ( great nature &
  h] triumphant light1 ! implacable     
d5\nc] ( ! false 9 art4  ,p]ceiv+ x at  

la/1 he r5\nc$ ! ?\ght ( ent]+ ! s*ool4 
,lat] he glori$1 9 ! fact t he _h done  
s4 ,possibly he saw  ! dang] t he w\ld h
 run ( p>*+ 8 _s & *ill+  8 eye4 ,ah1 8 
fri5d1 ! sculptor ,dal\1 exclaim$ long  
aft]1  ,rod9 _h ! luck n to h be5 at !  
,ecole des ,beaux-,arts6 ,dal\  himself 
_h n _h t luck1 & despite beautiful     
gifts & love =  ! eighte5? c5tury1 he _h
 n recov]$ f ! false tea*+4    ,rod91   
!n1 )\t kn[+ x1 _h f\ght 8 fir/ battle1 
! slight  skirmi% to ! incessant fight t
 0 to op54 ,aft] t "t !  "n ,in/itute1  
by :i* he und]/ood ! gr\p ( protagoni/s 
( a  bad =m ( art1 took 9 8 spee* a     
=midable mean+4 ,:5 he says1  ,!        
,in/itute1 he seems to call up "s       
my?ological mon/]1 !  hydra ( a hundr$  
heads1 f ! malignant w\nds ( :i* ! brave
  usually die sl[ly4 ,= him ! ,in/itute 
has come to mean a company (  able m5 :o
 sub/itute dext]ity = consci5ce1 :o1 =  
long toil 9  obscurity & pov]ty1        
sub/itute a premature eag]ness = all t x
  may br+--pr(itable relations1 ord]s f 

! /ate1 =tune1 &  honors4 ,9 8 op9ion   
all t ought to come sl[ly 9 ord] n to   
di/ract ! arti/ f ! /udy t alone c give 
him /r5g?4  ,to him ! rew>ds are        
second>y2 true happ9ess lies 9          
untrammel$  & passionate toil1 9 !      
ex]cise ( gr[+ intellig5ce t is  det]m9$
 n to be /opp$ on ! road to discov]y4   
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,adieu4    ,al?\gh ! 
/ruggle is less clamor\s to-day1 x has n
 end$1  & x nev] w be end$1 despite !   
wide fame ( ! ma/]1 n[  kn[n ?r\gh\t !  
_w z ! greate/ liv+ arti/4 ,?is ,rod9   
und]/&s4 ,:at ! conte/ants n[ seek to   
conqu] is ! public1  "s = ! purpose (   
obta9+ f x consid]ation & pr(it1 &  o!rs
 an appreciation ( true art4 ,"o class  
/rives to flatt] its  ta/e1 :i* is bad2 
! o!r seeks to inculcate a k ( true  art
 9 its own "w4 ,at ! outset ! conte/ is 
frightfully unequal1  = ! ignorance ( ! 
public is abysmal4 ,incapable ( disc]n+ 
true  beauty1 x relies only on ! labels 
plac$ by ! ,in/itute on its own  works &
 on ^? ( its p>tizans4 ,!y say to a man1

 ,?is is !  sort ( ?+ t %\ld be admir$1 
& /raightway he admires x1  if "o c     
apply ?is expression ( ! highe/ pleasure
 ( ! _s  to ! vapid & dull contemplation
 t ! public accords to ! works  m>k$ =  
its approval4 ,no1 at be/ ! public does 
n "k h[ to  admire2 x does n und]/& !   
language ( beauty4    ,at eighte5 or    
n9ete51 ,rod91 be+ :olly )\t =tune1 c\ld
 n  cont9ue 8 /udies )\t quickly f9d+ "s
 means ( support4 ,x  0 !re=e necess>y =
 him to e>n 8 own liv+1 & at once  he   
bravely ent]$ ^u 8 "w z an ornam5t-mak]1
 & became a  j\rneyman at a few francs a
 week4 ,we ne$ n regret x4 ,?is son (  !
 p1 by rema9+ 9 ! ranks ( ! work+-class1
 consolidat$  9 himself ! virtues ( !   
class--_! c\rage & indu/ry1 :i*  are !  
/rong qualities ( ! humble1 &1 9 !      
aggregate1 ^?  ( ! :ole nation4 ,& !    
curiosity ( a sup]ior man = all !       
rew>ds ( ! ex]cise ( 8 intellig5ce l$   
him to cultivate himself  unceas+ly4 ,8 
limit$ /udies z a s*ool-boy _h n be5    
ext5sive  en\gh to surfeit him2 he n[   

br\ght to ! /udy ( lett]s a m9d  ke5ly  
al]t1 & ) a joy z alive z love itself he
 devot$ himself  to a /udy ( great m9ds4
 ,he read ! poets & ! hi/orians2 he     
became acqua9t$ ) ! ,greece ( ,hom] &   
s*ylus1 ! ,italy  ( ,dante1 ! ,engl& (  
,%aksp]e1 & ! ,france ( ,jean-,jacques  
,r\sseau2 b up to t "t he _h conc]n$    
himself ) only "o  ?+--8 trade4 ,he     
work$ z a real artisan1 ) no wid]       
vision1  ) no ?\ght ( =midable p[]4 ,he 
saw only 8 model & 8  clay2 he ?\ght    
only ( ^!1 he lov$ only ^!4 ,?us he _h  
become  a j\rneyman ornam5t-work] 9     
clay4 ,t did n prev5t him f  p]fect+    
himself 9 sculpture4 ,on ! contr>y1 x   
aid$ him4    ,! art ( ornam5tation 0 !n 
consid]$1 z x is /ill to-day1 an        
inf]ior art4 ,p said1 /ill say1 ( !     
sculpture ( ar*itecture1  z ( ! frescos 
& mosaic "w ( a build+1 t x is only     
decoration4 ,!y decl>e x 9 a tone (     
indulg5ce t f9ds an excuse  = any       
m$iocrity4    ,all ?is is a pr(\nd      
mi/ake4 ,sculptur$ ornam5t spr+s        

naturally  f ar*itecture2 x is ! fl[]+ (
 its fundam5tal elem5ts4 ,x  is an      
inh]5t "p ( ! :ole1 z ! mass ( fl[]s &  
foliage  t cr[ns a tree is 9 a way !    
culm9at+ po9t ( ! :ole  vegetable       
organism4 ,ornam5t dem&s ! same         
qualities t !  fundam5tal ar*itectural  
/ructure dem&s1 & fully z mu* tal5t  &  
p]haps ev5 m2 because1 z ,rod9 says1 "o 
sees 9 x m  cle>ly1 )\t di/ract+        
features1 ! =m ( g5ius4 ,if x is n  well
 done 9 itself1 its function1 :i* is    
rigor\sly subord9at$  to ! :ole1 &      
consi/s 9 mold+ ! cont\rs ( ! /ructure  
by und]l9+ & m>k+ !m (f1 is rev]s$4 ,x  
is !n only  an excresc5ce1 an arbitr>y  
addition4 ,only m$iocre artisans1 :5    
employ$ on a build+ or a jewel1 use     
ornam5t caprici\sly1 )\t  proportion+ & 
subord9at+ x to ! mass2 !y we>y & disgu/
  ! behold]4    ,rod9 & 8 companions did
 n cont5t !mselves ) copy+1 &  m or less
 di/ort+1 _! ,greek1 ,roman1 &          
,r5aissance models1  :i* 7 repeat$ to   
satiety 9 all ! work%ops ( ! _w1  & done

 ov] & ov] aga9 s _m times1 out ( place 
& out  ( proportion1 t !y _h lo/ all    
significance4 ,_! employ]  possess$ a   
beautiful1 b neglect$1 g>d51 :]e a      
pr(usion (  plants ran riot4 ,"h 7      
models 9 abundance4 ,"h1 9 reproduc+    
^!1 ! "y craftsm5 refre%$ _! vocation2  
!y copi$ _!  ornam5ts f nature2 !y /udi$
 foliage & fl[]s f life4  ,to d new "w1 
!y _h only to borr[ f ! vegetable _w its
  inexhau/ible comb9ations ( beauty4    
,"h ,rod91 by 8 clev]ness & rapidity1   
became )\t a pe] among  !m all1 & drew  
to himself ! admiration ( 8             
fell[-work]s4 ,x  0 "h t he met ,con/ant
 ,simon1 8 eld] by _m ye>s1 :o 0  ! fir/
 man to tea* him to model 9 pr(ile4 ,x 0
 "o ( ! great  epo*s 9 8 life4 ,"o may  
say t f t "t ! two great  laws t h giv5 
8 sculpture its p[]--! /udy ( nature &  
! "r me?od ( model+--pass$ into 8 blood1
 z x 74 ,!  secret t ,simon imp>t$ to   
him 0 l a philt] t inflam$ 8  s\l )     
en?usiasm4 ,he became intoxicat$ ) !    
idea ( see+  cle>ly & ( hold+ 8 h&      

/rictly acc\ntable to :at 8 eyes        
disclos$4 ,& he possess$1 too1 bo? y\? &
 an indefatigable vigor4  ,he sket*$    
ev]y?+ he c\ld1 :]ev] he c\ld4 ,"o saw  
him mak+  sket*es on ! /reet1 9 !       
horse-m>ket1 jo/l$ by ! bea/s1  repuls$ 
by m51 yet indiff]5t to all difficulties
 9 8 en*antm5t  9 8 discov]$ prize1 at !
 ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 :]e he pass$  h\rs 
be=e ! cages & 9 ! p>ks1 /udy+ ! poses (
 ! de]  & ! grace ( ! mov+ antelopes4   
,illu/ration3 ,,rod9 ,,9 ,,8 ,,/udio    
,,at ,,! ,,hotel ,,biron4    ,at t p]iod
 ,b>ye taught at ! ,museum4 ,rod9 _h    
become acqua9t$  ) ! son ( ! celebrat$  
sculptor4 ,! two _h discov]$ a corn]  ( 
! basem5t1 a sort ( cave1 damp & gloomy1
 :]e !y in/all$  "s seats made ( old    
boxes & delight$ !mselves 9 model+  f   
clay4 ,f ! ,museum !y borr[$ a few      
anatomical specim5s1  fragm5ts ( ! p>ts 
( animals1 & ^! !y c>ri$ to _!  cav]n & 
por$ ov] 9 _! ef=ts to copy !m4         
,sometimes ,b>ye  himself w\ld come to  
ca/ 8 eye ov] _! "w & give !m a ^w  (   

advice1 & !n w\ld g away1 buri$ 9 a     
sil5t rev]ie4 ,he 0  a man ( simple     
habits1 ) ! appe>ance ( a college tutor1
 9 8  well-worn coat1 b giv+ an         
impressive sugge/ion ( great =ce &      
wor?4 ,8 son & ,rod9 little und]/ood    
him2 !y fe>$ him some:at  & only half   
pr(it$ by 8 sugge/ions4 ,lat] ! au?or ( 
,!  ,burgh]s ( ,calais1 k9dl$ by ! g5ius
 ( ! gloomy1 sev]e man  :om he _h       
misund]/ood1 felt a deep remorse at n   
hav+ r5d]$ to  ,b>ye1 :ile liv+1 !      
homage ( admiration :i* ! ma/] m]it$1  &
 :i* p]haps w\ld h be5 sweet to 8       
solit>y he>t4    ,rod9 has _h only r>ely
 ! *ance to model animals4 ,he has nev] 
receiv$ an ord] = an eque/rian /atue1 & 
he has regrett$ x4 ,we  h f him only "o 
small r\gh model ( a /atue ( ,g5]al     
,lyn*  on horseback1 :i* 0 nev] execut$1
 & ! beautiful relief ( !  *>iot (      
,apollo :i* =ms ! p$e/al ( ! monum5t (  
,claude  ,lorra9 at ,nancy4 ,b ?\gh he  
has n model$ animals1 he has _m  times  
sket*$ !m1 & he has /udi$ pr(\ndly _!   

anatomy &  poses4    ,x is n s mu* 9 !  
p[]ful sket*es t all 8 life he has      
cont9u$ to make ) ! same daily c>e ) :i*
 a piani/  practises 8 scales t ,rod9   
%[s ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( 8  nature1 z x  
is 9 accumulat+ ^! t he has be5 enabl$  
to  und]/& relation%ip betwe5 diff]5t   
=ms1 & to e/abli% !  unity betwe5 ! =ms 
( man & ! animals1 betwe5 ! m\nta9s  & !
 vegetable _w4 ,x is by und]/&+ ?is     
unity t he  c occasionally int]pret ) a 
sci5tific exactness ?is common          
relation%ip4 ,9 model+ a c5taur or !    
*im]a or a _s )  p[]ful w+s1 !          
my?ological creature t appe>s f 8 h&s   
does n appe> less a transcript f reality
 ?an ea* bu/ or ea*  /atue t has be5    
vigor\sly wr\ght f ! liv+ model4 ,!re is
  no weak5+ 9 ! po9ts :]e ! bu/ ( ! man 
or ( ! woman  atta*es itself to ! body (
 ! animal1 no d\bt t ! beautiful1  /rong
 w+s ( ! angels are z p]fectly unit$ to 
_! bodies &  are z necess>y z _! arms or
 legs4    ,:5 ab\t tw5ty-two or         
tw5ty-?ree ,rod9 ent]$ ! ateli] (       

,c>ri]-,belleuse4 ,at t "t ! vogue ( ?is
 *>m+ arti/ 0  great4 ,he well repres5t$
 ! _s & workman%ip ( ! eighte5?  c5tury 
9 ! knickknack art ( ! ,second ,empire4 
,he 0 a ,clodion  ( ! b\lev>d4 ,besides 
! spirit$ bu/s1 "s ( :i*1 l  ^? ( ,erne/
 ,r5an1 ,jules ,simon1 & ! actress ,m>ie
 ,laur5t1  7 celebrat$1 he s5t out f 8  
ateli]1 9 ! rue de la ,t\r  d',auv]gne  
at ,montm>tre1 hundr$s ( designs to be  
us$ 9 indu/rial  art3 mantelpieces1     
c5t]pieces = tables1 vases1 ornam5tal   
clocks1  & decorative figures & gr\ps4  
,rod91 !n1 appli$ himself to  execut+ = 
,c>ri]-,belleuse a v>iety ( /atuettes & 
figures4  ,!re 0 9 ! task a great dang]1
 = he saw ! risk ( limit+  himself to a 
facile use ( 8 art t 0 bo? remun]ative &
  attractive2 b 8 /urdy ,nor!rn         
temp]am5t 0 able to protect him  aga9/ e
 dang]1 :e!r ( success or pov]ty4       
,c>ri] _h an a/oni%+ skill1 & n only    
work$ )\t a model1  b compell$ 8        
employees to "w )\t "o4 ,8 r\gh sket*es 
7  admirable1 b he weak5$ 9 work+ !m    

out4 ,rod9 nev] trifl$ )  8 art4 ,be=e  
go+ to ! ateli] he always took c>e to   
/udy 8  subject 9 ! nude & to fix x 9 8 
memory z firmly z possible4  ,z soon z  
he rea*$ 8 b5* he transf]r$ to ! clay ! 
result  ( 8 rememb]$ obs]vations4 ,on   
return+ to 8 home 9 ! ev5+  he consult$ 
8 model anew 9 ord] to correct 8 "w ( ! 
day4 ,x  0 = him an excell5t ex]cise (  
memory4 ,! true workman is quick  to    
turn to advantage all ! inconv5i5ces ( a
 situation4 ,i h he>d  ,rod9 relate t   
(t5 9 ! c\rse ( a qu>rel ) a fri5d or a 
relative he w\ld completely =get !      
subject ( ! cont5tion &  ! ang] ( 8     
oppon5t 9 8 absorption1 f ! po9t ( view 
(  a sculptor1 9 ! play ( ! muscles & _!
 influ5ce on !  expression ( ! face ( ! 
angry speak]4    ,illu/ration3          
,,repres5tation ,,( ,,france--,,9 ,,!   
,,monum5t ,,to ,,*ampla94    ,rod9      
rema9$ ab\t five ye>s )                 
,c>ri]-,belleuse4 ,:at works 8  active  
h&s accompli%$ !re 9 a day6 ,"o /ill    
f9ds !m 9 !  %ops ( ! sell]s ( bronzes1 

9 ! %ops ( ! deal]s ( !  ,m>ais & !     
,faub\rg ,/4 ,anto9e4 ,c]ta9ly hundr$s (
 examples 7  br\ght !re1 to ! great     
pr(it ( tradesm51 b to ! injury (  !    
arti/2 = he drew f !m only su* wages z !
 lea/ compet5t  work]s are to-day cont5t
 )4    ,"o may see 9 ! gall]y ( ,mrs4   
---- ( ,new ,york c]ta9 little          
t]ra-cotta bu/s :i* date f t p]iod4 ,!y 
repres5t pretty  ,p>isian wom5 9 hats1  
^: wild locks veil glances full ( _s &  
rogui%ness4 ,creatures ( y\? &          
frivolity1 !y are si/]s ( !  elegant    
ladies t ,alfr$ ,/ev5s drew ) 8         
delightful bru%1 &  :i* 7 ! *>m ( ,p>is 
"u ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,:o c\ld believe t  
!y _h sprung f ! h&s ( ,rod91 ! au/]e   
creator ( ,!  ,burgh]s ( ,calais & ( !  
,victor ,hugo8    ,b be=e becom+ !      
audaci\sly p]sonal g5ius t he n[ is1  he
 0 subject$ to ! mo/ v>i$               
influ5ces--influ5ces t h  be5 felt by ! 
mod]n sculptors ) :om he has work$ & ^? 
t guid$ ! old ma/]s4 ,he has none ! less
 %ield$ himself  f ! _w4 ,he decl>es    

inde$1 ) ! au?ority t p]mits !  fre$om1 
t orig9ality signifies no?+2 t t :i*    
c\nts is  ! quality ( ! intr9sic        
sculpture2 t if ! temp]am5t ( !  arti/  
is truly /eadfa/1 he always f9ds himself
 aft] ! necess>y  /udy2 & f9ally t x is 
( little importance :e!r a /atue  be>s !
 "n ( ,praxiteles or t ( "o ( 8 pupils4 
,! ess5tial  ?+ is t x is well done1 t x
 appe>s 9 a great epo*4  ,anonym\s1 x   
proclaims none ! less to ! eyes ( ! man 
( ta/e  ! signature ( g5ius4    ,9 ord] 
to live ,rod9 appli$ himself to ! mo/   
v>i$ occupations2  ?us he ga9$ ! lib]ty 
to labor at 8 own "w = a few h\rs4  ,he 
*ipp$ at /one & m>ble = ! b5efit (      
sculpture to-day  unkn[n1 b !n 9 vogue2 
he made sket*es = tr9kets = c]ta9       
fa%ionable jewel]s1 & fa%ion$ objects ( 
decorative art ord]$ (  him by          
manufactur]s4 ,despite a consid]able    
loss ( "t1 he obta9$  ?us a true        
appr5tice%ip 9 art :olly l t :i* 9 e>li]
 days  0 obta9$ by ,ghib]ti1 ,donatello1
 & mo/ ( ! great arti/s (1  !           

,r5aissance1 :o 7 pr\d to be good       
artisans be=e !y 7  acc\nt$ great       
sculptors4    ,?us f9ally he 0 enabl$ to
 realize 8 fir/ dream--to h an  ateli] (
 8 own4 ,8 ateli]6 ,x 0 a /able1 at a   
r5tal (  tw5ty-f\r doll>s a ye>1 9 ! rue
 ,lebrun1 9 ! qu>t] ( !  ,gobel9s1 ne>  
:i* he 0 born4 ,x 0 a cold hovel1 a cave
 inde$1  ) a well sunk 9 an angle ( "o  
wall t at e season exhal$  its *ill+    
brea?4 ,x did n matt]4 ,! place 0       
suffici5tly  l>ge & well light$4 ,!     
arti/1 "y & /rong1 & z happy z  possible
 9 8 /able1 felt 8 tal5t increas+4 ,!re 
he accumulat$  a quantity ( /udies &    
works until ! place 0 s cr[d$ t he  c\ld
 sc>cely turn himself ab\t2 b be+ too   
poor to h !m ca/1  he lo/ ! great] "p ( 
!m4 ,e day he sp5t h\rs moi/5+  ! clo?s 
t envelop$ !m1 yet n )\t suff]+         
frightful  disa/]s4 ,sometimes ! clay1  
?r\gh be+ too s(t1 w\ld settle &  fall  
asund]2 sometimes x w\ld become dry1    
crack1 & crumble4 ,"o  day1 9 mov+1 !   
great figure ( a bac*ante t _h be5      

t5d]ly  mold$ = mon?s 0 seiz$ by ! r\gh 
h&s ( ! furniture-mov]s1  & broke1 cra%+
 to ! gr\nd4 ,:at lo/ ef=ts6 ,:at       
de/roy$  beauty6 ,ev5 to-day :5 ! arti/ 
speaks ( x 8 he>t ble$s anew4    ,at t  
"t he c>ri$ ab\t ! ateli]s ( ,p>is a    
design to :i* he  gave ! "n ( ,! ,man ) 
! ,brok5 ,nose4 ,/ruck by ! curi\s  face
 ( an old %eph]d1 flat-nos$1 ) e        
appe>ance ( a slave  t _h be5 cru%$ "u  
heel1 ,rod9 made a bu/ ( ! man &  /rove 
to portray ! en]gy & impos+ simplicity t
 _h a/oni%$  him 9 ! antique bu/s & !   
/atue ( ,! ,knife-,gr9d] t he  _h se5 9 
! gall]ies ( ! ,l\vre4 ,! solidity ( !  
design1  ! pati5ce %[n 9 ! composition1 
& ! /r5g? ( ! details  cop]at$ 9 produc+
 an admirable :ole4 ,! wr9kles ( !      
=ehead1 ! creas$ eyelids1 ! deep furr[s 
( ! face conv]g$  t[>d ! base ( ! brok5 
nose 9 an expression ( old age &        
h>d%ip1 pres5t+ an admirable head ( a   
,!ssalian %eph]d4 ,alas6  "o fro/y day !
 clay contract$1 & ! skull ( ,! ,man )  
! ,brok5 ,nose fell to ! gr\nd1 leav+   

only ! face4 ,rod9 did  n make ov] !    
composition4 ,too hone/ to re/ore !     
skull by  approximation1 he cont5t$     
himself ) model+ ! face1 to-day  become 
fam\s4    ,he ca/ x 9 pla/]1 & s5t x to 
! ,salon ( #ahfd4 ,!re x  0 reject$4    
,?us ! opposition t _h clos$ ! door ( ! 
,beaux-,arts aga9/ him 0 r5ew$ at 8 fir/
 attempt to take rank  among contempor>y
 arti/s4 ,! reason 0 ! same2 x w always 
& inv>iably be ! same3 ?is sculptor ( ! 
nak$ tru?1 ?is  f]v5t lov] ( nature1    
(f5ds1 %ocks1 & w\nds ! majority (  !   
foll[]s ( =mulas1 ! imitators ( ! pa/1 !
 mak]s (  smoo? & pretty w>es1 ?+s )\t  
consci5ce or significance4 ,!  arti/    
rema9s alone ) 8 deception4 ,! day has n
 yet come  :5 enlight5$ amateurs c      
und]/& 9 :i* s*ool true tal5t  is to be 
f\nd1 :5 !y are able to r5\nce ! mold+s 
on nature1  ! !atrical po/ures1 !       
irritat+ sill9ess ( figures a ?\s&      
times repeat$4    ,illu/ration3 ,,!     
,,man ,,) ,,! ,,brok5 ,,nose4    ,!y w  
"s day le>n to p]ceive tru?1 obs]vation1

 /r5g?1 &  grace4 ,:5 t day comes !y w  
?r[ out ( ! w9d[ all !  trump]y art (   
:i* !y w h become tir$1 9 ord] to       
collect  t ( ,rude1 ,b>ye1 ,c>peaux1    
,rod91 ,jules ,desbois1 ,camille        
,claudel1  ^? glories ( ! n9ete5?       
c5tury4    ,! ye> ( ! ,salon ( #ahfd may
 s]ve to close ! fir/ p]iod (  ,rod9's  
c>e]4 ,x is difficult1 inde$ impossible1
 to place betwe5  fix$ dates ! ev5ts ( a
 life t has be5 an example ( uni=m      
cont9uity2 b nev]!less x is p]mitt$ to  
"o to say t ! ye>  #ahfd m>ks ! end ( ! 
fir/ y\? ( ! ma/]4 ,8 prelim9>y  /udies1
 ^? :i* "o may call ! /udies ( 8 m]e    
pr(ession1  7 end$4 ,he 0 !n at ! beg9n+
 ( l>g] /udies2 he 0  ab\t to visit     
,belgium1 ,italy1 & ,france2 he 0 ab\t  
to come face  to face ) ! mo/ v>i$      
g5iuses & exam9e _! "w4 ,he 0  ab\t to  
"q !m rigor\sly1 to dem& ( !m _!        
te*nical  me?ods4 ,he 0 also ab\t to    
exalt himself 9 ! pres5ce ( ^!  immortal
 ?\ghts1 to become intoxicat$ ) ! desire
 to equal !m  9 sci5ce & greatness4 ,f t

 "t on he approa*$ !m z a  disciple1 z a
 man :o _h already ?\ght mu* &          
compreh5d$ mu*1  & :o 0 wor?y to /udy !m
 & foll[ 9 _! foot/eps3 9 a  ^w1 z an   
arti/ ( _! own l9eage4          ,,soj\rn
 ,,9 ,,belgium--,,! ,,man ,,:o ,,awak5s 
,,to ,,nature--,,realism ,,&  ,,pla/]   
,,ca/s      ,rod9 work$ "u              
,c>ri]-,belleuse f #ahfe to #ahgj4 ,he  
rema9$  9 ,p>is dur+ ! ,franco-,g]man   
,w>4 ,:at influ5ce did ?is ev5t  h ^u   
him8 ,he has said little ab\t x4 ,al?\gh
 he has a /rong  atta*m5t = 8 native l&1
 he has none ( ! extravagant  patriotism
 ( a ,rude1 ^: great s\l 0 caught up 9 !
 flames (  ! national epopee4 ,rod9 has 
too contemplative a temp]am5t2 he is    
too devot$ to reflective "w to all[     
himself to be long di/urb$ by  ext]nal  
facts1 ev5 ! grave/4    ,at ! sign+ ( ! 
peace1 he w5t to ,belgium1 drawn by !   
promise (  "w 9 decorative art4 ,he     
rema9$ !re five ye>s1 /ay+ fir/ 9       
,brussels1 !n 9 ,antw]p4    ,?is p]iod (
 8 life left ) him a delightful memory4 

,he 0 poor  & unkn[n1 b full ( ! vigor (
 y\?1 & free 9 h[ spl5did a  fre$om6 ,he
 _h all 8 "t to himself1 )\t any ( ^?   
?\s&  obligations t eat up ! days ( a   
celebrat$ man & break d[n 8  ardor4     
,life 9 ,belgium 0 at t "t simple1      
easy-go+1 family-l4 ,_m  small pleasures
 made x attractive2 ! cleanl9ess ( !    
/reets &  ! h\ses 0 a con/ant delight to
 ! eye2 ! bread1 ! be]1 !  c(fee 7      
excell5t & co/ almo/ no?+4 ,on ,sundays 
b&s (  *ildr51 fair-hair$1 robu/1       
heal?y1 dress$ 9 aprons v :ite  & v well
 />*$1 ran ab\t laugh+ & s++2 ! wom5 w5t
  to *ur*2 ! m5 assembl$ 9 ! s&$ g>d5s (
 ! public h\ses  to play at ball1 sipp+ 
glasses ( f>o & lambic4 ,! :ole  sc5e 0 
full ( ! *>m ( intimacy & happ9ess :i* =
 !  arti/ s]v$ z a sort ( frame1 s to   
say1 = ! old pictures4 ,!  works ( !    
,flemi% pa9t]s are s impressive 9 all _!
 p[]1  9 ! spl5dor ( _! fre% color+ & _!
 gem-l f9i%1  t ,brussels1 ,gh5t1       
,bruges1 ,antw]p1 ,me*l9 seem to h be5  
built  & decorat$ by ! ,brueghels1 !    

,jan ,/e5s1 ! ,t5i]ses1 ^:  dazzl+      
canvases /rike "o almo/ z if !y _h be5 !
 plans =  ! con/ruction ( ^! que5ly     
cities in/ead ( be+ simply mirrors  (   
!m4 ,z = nature1 its gr&eur & its       
nobility are disconc]t+  9 su* a little 
c\ntry4    ,rod9 r5t$ a mode/ room 9 !  
*ausse de ,br5dael1 9 "o (  ! qu>t]s ( !
 capital q close to ! ,bois de la       
,cambre4  ,he work$ !re dur+ ! :ole ( ! 
day2 8 "y wife did !  h\sework1 w5t out 
m>ket+1 sew$ beside him1 pos$ = him1    
help$ him to moi/5 8 clay1 made h]self1 
z %e said pr\dly1 8  g>on d'ateli]4 ,he 
model$ c>yatids = ! ,palais de la ,b\rse
 at  ,brussels2 = ! ,palais des         
,acadmies he made a frieze repres5t+    
*ildr5 & ! attributes ( ! arts &        
sci5ces2 he 0 *>g$  also ) ! execution (
 decorative pieces = diff]5t municipal  
build+s ( ! city ( ,antw]p4 ,n[adays !  
,belgians display )  pride ^! works1 9  
:i*1 )\t flatt]+ !m1 "o c recognize  !  
t\* ( a future ma/]4    ,int5t z he 0 ^u
 8 model+ "w1 ,rod9 did n ab&on draw+2  

he add$ to x l&scape-pa9t+ 9 oils4 ,!   
,brabant c\ntry-side  is "o ( ! mo/     
beautiful 9 ,europe4 ,! ,=e/ ( ,soigne1 
:i*  surr\nds ,brussels1 is full ( !    
l(ty trees ( ! ,nor!rn  c\ntries1       
spl5did bee*es1 heal?y z ! bodies (     
a?letes1 rea*+  up into ! sky l columns 
( light bronze1 plant$ 9 regul> r[s1    
giv+ ! impression ( an imm5se & solemn  
temple4 ,n>r[ av5ues1  alleys1 pi]ce !  
long naves2 "o's s\l seems to glide     
l+]+ly  along ^! %ad[y pa?s drawn on to 
! end by ! f>-away glimm]  l /a9$ glass4
 ,! light t falls f above ?r\gh !       
tree-tops slips d[n ! long gre5 trunks1 
gray or silv]y1 br++  ) x a t\* ( ! sky4
 ,!re is no exub]ant vegetation1 none  (
 t und]gr[? trembl+ ) delicate little   
leaves1 su* z  t :i* makes ! spiritual  
grace ( ! ,ile-de-,france1 arrang$  = ! 
frolic ( nymphs & fawns4 ,?is is !      
,go?ic =e/1 !  tree-ca!dral1 a fitt+    
place = ! miracles ( ,*ri/ianity &  !   
dev\t walk ( solit>ies4 ,rod9 fell 9    
love ) ?is =e/4 ,8  grave s\l1 8 y\?1   

:i* knew no?+ ( frivolity1 f\nd itself  
"h4 ,8 nature1 s full ( self-conta9$    
en?usiasm & ! pr(\nd  & sl[ly mov$ _s ( 
admiration1 n yet capable ( express+    
itself1 f\nd its true elem5t "u !       
protection ( ^! age-old  bee*es4 ,b "o  
corn] en*ant$ him1 a v]dur\s holl[ fill$
 )  runn+ wat] t breaks ! au/]ity ( !   
wood1 ! valley (  ,gro55dael4 ,!re !    
maje/ic colonnade ( trunks op5s out1 ) !
  condesc5sion ( giants1 be=e ! caprices
 ( an undulat+ glade4 ,x  is cov]$ ) a  
d[n ( grass1 l an imm5se gre5 cl\d1     
always  pure1 always fre%1 :i* spr+ &   
autumn embroid] ) delicate  %oots ( a   
multitude ( fl[]s1 l ! tape/ries ( !    
,flemi%  ma/]s4 ,little ponds %yly      
spread out _! mirrors1 full ( ! sky1    
full ( reflections4 ,an old l[-built    
h\se1 entirely :ite1 speaks  ( security1
 ( calm %elt]1 ( good n\ri%m5t1 9 ! mid/
 (  ?is v]dur\s solitude1 :]e "o he>s   
only ! song ( ! birds  & :]e squirrels  
cross 9 _! flight l sudd5 flames4 ,!    
valley ( ,gro55dael is f> en\gh away f  

,brussels to be almo/  always des]t$ &  
sil5t4 ,x 0 ! site ! fam\s ,brabanon    
my/ic1 ,ruysbroeck ! ,admirable1 *ose 9 
! f\rte5? c5tury =  a mona/]y4 ,at t "t 
! ,=e/ ( ,soigne %elt]$ no less ?an     
elev5 mona/ic h\ses 9 its fragrant1     
%ad[y dep?s4 ,at ! nor? (  ! valley !   
gr\nd rises & ! pa? leads "o to ! mode/ 
*apel  ( ,notre ,dame de ,bonne-,odeur4 
,at ?is p]iod ,rod9 c]ta9ly knew no?+ ( 
! great contemplatives  ( ! f\rte5?     
c5tury or ( ?is same ,ruysbroeck :om    
lat] a  glori\s compatriot1 ,maurice    
,maet]l9ck1 k9sman by election ( !      
h]mit1 0 to translate & int]pret2 b 9 ! 
peaceful glade1 !  vallon v]t1 z "u !   
vaults ( ! great =e/1 ! s\l ( !         
sculptor rejo9$ ^? ( ! old monks :o     
p]haps /ill w&] !re  at times2 x %>$ )  
!m ! religion ( ?is beauty :i* _!  dumb 
love ( nature _h come ?i!r to seek4     
,at dawn he w\ld />t out1 load$ d[n ) 8 
box ( colors4  ,8 companion foll[$ him1 
pr\d to c>ry "p ( ! arti/'s             
p>aph]nalia4 ,he 0 on 8 way to make     

sket*es1 to take notes ( !  l&scape1 to 
jot d[n 8 impressions2 b (t5 ! day pass$
 )\t  8 t\*+ 8 bru%es4 ,x 0 n indiff]5ce
 or indol5ce on !  "p ( ?is great work]1
 b simply t he _h n ! /r5g? to  int]rupt
 8 delightful contemplations4 ,"t lo/8  
,9 ! case (  ano!r1 p]haps4 ,n = him4 ,8
 excursion _h no imm$iate result2  t 0  
all3 b h[ he w\ld obs]ve1 h[ he w\ld    
comp>e1 h[ he  w\ld reflect6 ,he 0      
initiat+ himself 9 ! s5se ( proportion1 
gr&eur ( /yle1 & ! nobility (           
simplicity4 ,he 0 /udy+ !  laws ( !     
light & %ade di/ribut$ by ! columns !   
true "w (  ! ar*itect4 ,x 0 no long]    
s*ool lessons t he 0 prosecut+  "h2 x 0 
! mighty ex]cise ( p]sonal tal5t1 !     
rip5+ (  8 ta/e t 0 tak+ place1 ?anks to
 ! te*nical k he  already possess$4 ,!  
s5se ( ! et]nal laws comes only to ^? :o
  c contrail !m ?r\gh long exp]i5ce4    
,lat]1 :5 ! "t came = ,rod9 to visit !  
ca!drals1 he 0 to  und]/& bett] ?an any 
o!r ?is art :i* has sprung f !  =e/s (  
,france1 eng5d]$ by _! my/]i\s gr&eur1  

once full (  t]rors & m>vels4 ,! b5efit 
:i* he d]iv$ imm$iately f 8  acqua9tance
 ) ,belgium 0 ! exp]i5ce ( ^?           
intellectual joys  & t happ9ess :i*     
await any "o :o is s]i\s1 loyal1 rev]5t 
9 ! pres5ce ( ! div9e "w t (f]s itself z
 an object (  /udy to ! assidu\s4       
,ano!r besides himself _h already       
receiv$ ?is tea*+ ( nature 9  exactly   
?is place4 ,rude1 :om ! ,b\rbons _h     
exil$ on _! return  to ,france because (
 8 wor%ip ( ,napoleon1 pass$ sev]al ye>s
 9  ,brussels & execut$ !re a numb] (   
works1 among o!rs ! fam\s  bas-reliefs (
 ! ,*teau de ,t]vu]51 s9ce de/roy$ by   
fire2 ,la  ,*asse de ,mlagre1 ( :i* !   
au?orities ( ! ,belgian dep>tm5t  ( f9e 
arts 7 =tunately able to take ca/s4 ,on 
8 way betwe5  ,brussels & ,t]vu]51 ,rude
 w5t e day sev]al leagues on foot1      
cross+ ! ,=e/ ( ,soignes1 :]e he1 too1  
endeavor$ to =get !  lessons ( ! ,ecole 
des ,beaux-,arts1 on ! b5*es ( :i* he   
_h1  accord+ to 8 own confession1 lo/ _m
 ye>s4    ,illu/ration3                 

,,c>yatid--,,tak5 ,,at ,,meudon ,,9     
,,rod9',s ,,g>d54    ,9 addition to ^!  
works ( decorative art1 ,rod9 execut$ a 
numb]  ( bu/s & sket*es4 ,he ev5 f\nd "t
 to make a l>ge figure  model$ aft] 8   
wife1 a figure drap$ l a ,go?ic /atue1  
:i*  he work$ ov] lov+ly4 ,x _h ! same  
disa/r\s fate z t  :i* befell ! o!r "o  
at ,p>is1 & = ! same reason2 pov]ty     
prev5t$ ! arti/ f hav+ a ca/ tak5 ( 8 "w
 9 "t3 l  ! ,bac*ante1 x 0 completely   
de/roy$4 ,despite ?is loss1 !  sculptor 
0 n disc\rag$2 "w = him 0 a happ9ess :i*
 0  begun anew ea* day2 he at once began
 on ano!r subject4 ,?is "t he  took = 8 
model a "y man ^: acqua9tance he _h made
 & :o  will+ly cons5t$ to pose = him4   
,?is "y man 0 n a model by trade1 spoil$
 by ! conv5tional  attitudes :i* !      
,p>isian sculptors impose on            
pr(essionals4 ,he  0 a soldi]1 liv+ 9   
b>racks ne> ,rod9's h\se4 ,z soon z !   
sculptor saw1 dis5gag+ itself f ! clo!s1
 ! graceful figure  ( ?is boy (         
tw5ty-five :o 0 n aw>e ( 8 beauty & did 

q simply :atev] 8 companion ask$ him1 he
 promis$ himself  n to ab&on ?is "w be=e
 he _h c>ri$ x z f> z 8 skill  p]mitt$  
him to g4 ,8 model dispos$ himself 9    
simple attitudes1  :i* 7 n vitiat$ by   
any pret5ti\s =e?\ghts4 ,"o day he came 
t[>d him1 8 arms uprais$1 8 head ?r[n   
back1 ) an air (  y\?fully voluptu\s    
lassitude t fill$ ! arti/ ) en?usiasm4  
,"o w\ld h said t he 0 a "y h]o /agg]+  
"u !  %ock ( a w\nd4 ,& ,rod9 set       
himself to execute ! /atue ( !  w\nd$   
h]o4 ,b nature l5ds itself to inf9ite   
int]pretations4  ,! s5se ( an attitude t
 is well r5d]$ creates ( itself m       
compreh5sive ideas4 ,:5 we contemplate  
"o :o is w\nd$ or ill1  obscure         
impressions agitate our _s1 impell+ x   
t[>d ideas  high] ?an ^? ( w\nds &      
illness4 ,x skirts ! fronti]s (  dea?1 !
 enigma ( annihilation or ( ! _w to     
come1 & all  ^? un=mulat$ s5tim5ts1 :i* 
9 _! confus$ flight haunt  ! pr(\nd     
regions ( ! s\l4 ,be=e 8 beautiful model
 ,rod9  exp]i5c$ ^! emotions &          

transcrib$ !m ^u 8 sculpture4 ,9  its   
unblemi%$ nudity1 x be>s ! sign ( no "o 
epo*2 x is !  et]nal man t\*$ 9 8       
inn]mo/ s5sibility by some?+ ( :i*  he  
kn[s n ! cause4 ,is x 8 s\l1 is x 8 fle%
 t trembles8  ,"o does n "k4 ,no k comes
 )\t suff]+4 ,rod91 aw>e  imm$iately (  
?is effect ( transposition1 9 ! delici\s
 surprise  ( ! arti/ :o sometimes sees  
himself surpass$ by 8 own "w1  *ri/5$ ! 
/atue1 ,! ,man ( ! ,age ( ,bronze1 t is 
to say1  "o :o is pass+ f !             
unconsci\sness ( primitive man into !   
age ( und]/&+ & ( love4 ,a few ye>s lat]
 he gave x ?is  /ill happi] f9al "n1 ,! 
,man :o ,awak5s to ,nature4    ,he work$
 ov] x eighte5 mon?s4 ,!re is no "p (   
?is h>moni\s  figure t has n be5        
passionately ?\ght out4 ,he _h to r5d]1 
b5ea? ! supple cov]+ ( ! sk91 ^? firm1  
f9e muscles :i*  possess ! ela/icity (  
y\? & its sobriety4 ,9 giv+ ! s5se  ( ! 
pres5ce ( ^! ?+s1 "o creates ! illusion 
( _!  activity4 ,?is is ! secret ( great
 sculpture & ( all ! arts1 to  evoke t  

:i* we d n see by ! quality ( t :i* we d
 see4  ,c>efully exam9e ! ,v5us de      
,m$ici1 ,rude us$ to advise 8 pupils1  &
 "u ! poli% ( ! sk9 y w see ! :ole      
muscul> sy/em  appe>4    ,rod9 did n    
sp>e ei!r 8 own /r5g? or t ( 8 model4   
,an  implacable goddess l$ him on1 8    
consci5ce4 ,he did n cont5t  himself )  
r5d]+ only ! masses t 8 direct vision   
gave him4  ,9 ?is way he w\ld h possess$
 only two dim5sions1 ! l5g? &  wid? ( ! 
human body4 ,he ne$$ ! exact relief (   
masses1 :i*  is ! basis ( ronde-bosse1 (
 cubic sculpture4 ,he /udi$ 8  pr(iles n
 only f bel[1 b f above4 ,he m\nt$ a    
pa9t+  ladd] & look$ d[n ov] 8 model2 he
 measur$ ! surface ( !  skull1 :i*1 se5 
f above1 has an ovoid =m2 he took &     
comp>$  ) 8 clay model ! dim5sions ( !  
%\ld]s1 ! *e/1 !  hips1 ! feet z !y     
appe>$ ) ! floor z a backgr\nd4 ,he     
obs]v$ ! po9ts :]e ! arm muscles 7      
ins]t$1 & ^? (  ! ?ighs & ! legs4 ,h[1  
aft] su* a rigor\sly m9ute process  (   
not+ 8 masses1 c\ld 8 "w be flat8 ,t    

became impossible4  ,b ! geometric      
labor1 ! tak+ ( measurem5ts1 0 n all4 ,!
  next "q 0 to reassemble ! diff]5t     
pr(iles by c>eful  transcription4 ,!re  
is an entire s*ool ( consci5ti\s        
sculptors :o  believe t !y c obta9      
reality by ! simple me?od ( mak+        
id5tical po9ts correspond4 ,!y multiply 
! measurem5ts tak5 f  ! model ) ! aid ( 
a plumb-l9e & a compass2 x is only a    
me*anical process :i* does n ev5 give   
good practical effects4 ,to  unify !    
manifold surface ( ! human body1 to end[
 ! :ole )  ! suppl5ess ( life1 ) its    
h>moni\s cont9uity & poise1  ! p]sonal  
judgm5t ( ! arti/ mu/ unceas+ly int]v5e4
 ,8  own special ta/e is supremely :at  
adju/s ! elem5ts :i* are  wait+ to be   
unifi$ by him 9 ord] to take on         
animation & to live  "o beside ano!r4 ,x
 is dur+ ?is la/ ef=t t ! expression1   
summon$ up by ! tru? ( ! ensemble1 comes
 almo/ ( itself to  ! f+]s ( ! sculptor4
 ,if ! prec$+ pr9ciples h n be5         
scrupul\sly obs]v$1 x seems to refuse to

 come2 x is ! rew>d  only ( consci5ce   
jo9$ ) intellig5ce2 x is ! fruit ( ?is  
indissoluble union t works 9 ! _s ( !   
true arti/4 ,! true  expression is t to 
:i* we give ! indef9able "n ( poetry4   
,illu/ration3 ,,man ,,awak5+ ,,to       
,,nature4    ,s9ce ! creation ( ,! ,man 
:o ,awak5s to ,nature1 9 :i* dur+  two  
ye>s he _h eag]ly s\ght x1 ?is became ! 
*>act]i/ic  ( ,rod9's tal5t4 ,he _h     
conqu]$ x = all "t2 & s :ile  8         
insatiable w applies itself ) no less   
en]gy to o!r  rese>*es1 t ( movem5t1 (  
"*1 ( light+1 & sometimes               
ov]-emphasizes !m1 ! "w t comes f 8 h&  
may appe>  /range1 excessive2 x w nev]  
be m$iocre1 nev] indiff]5t4    ,& n[ let
 u glance at ! image ( ?is "y man1 ?is  
pr\d1  unblemi%$ human plant4 ,all we h 
j be5 say+ is =gott5 9  ! =ce ( our     
impression4 ,! mo/ p[]ful impression1   
fir/ (  all1 is indol5ce4 ,x is absorb$ 
9 itself2 x exhau/s l a great  draught (
 life ! ve9s ( ^? :o respond to x4 ,h5ce
 ! sil5ce1  ! long1 dumb contemplation1 

! s5se ( inc]titude "o exp]i5ces  9 !   
pres5ce ( its beauty4 ,x is n to our _s 
t x fir/  addresses itself4 ,its        
voluptu\sness1 :5cesoev] come1 en*ants  
our  s5ses2 !n ! intellect dem&s an     
explanation1 /udies x1 traces  back !   
s5sation to its s\rces ?r\gh "o ( ^?    
rapid &  manifold *anges :i* are ! law (
 su* natural ph5om5a z light1  s\nd1    
electricity4    ,! man :o awak5s to     
nature1 said ,rod91 9 ! pres5ce ( 8     
/atue4 ,inde$ ! body b5ds ov]1 z if "u !
 exquisite c>ess (  ! breezes ( spr+4 ,!
 h& re/s itself ^u ! head1 flung back  z
 if to hold 9 ! some:at m\rnful spl5dor 
( "s too beautiful  vision4 ,! :ole     
torso is g5tly /irr$ by ! emotion spr++ 
up f ! dep?s ( ! fle% to die out ^u !   
surface ( !  imp]ceptibly agitat$       
muscles4 ,he leans lightly backw>d1 b5d+
 l  a b[ & at ! same "t l a travel]     
walk+ t[>d ! dawn2  he is drawn on by ! 
desire to r5ew ?is inn] emotion t swells
  8 human he>t almo/ to ! bur/+-po9t4   
,by ?is d\ble movem5t  recon/itut+ life1

 ! action does n int]rupt itself4 ,x    
evokes  ! pa/ & ! future2 ! obscure     
%ad[s out ( :i* ?is s\l is  endeavor+ to
 em]ge & ! bright regions t[>d :i* x    
advances4    ,augu/e ,rod9 0 at ?is "t  
?irty-five ye>s old4 ,9 ! c>e]  ( !     
arti/1 ?is admirable figure has a       
special significance1 t  ( some?+       
symbolic4 ,x m>ks "o ( ! happie/ phases 
( !  sculptor's life1 ! p]iod (         
revelation ?r\gh :i* he _h j be5  liv+  
dur+ 8 soj\rn by ! =e/ ( ,gro55dael4    
,he1 too1 _h  awak5$ to ,nature 9 ! he>t
 ( ! sacr$ wood2 he1 too1 _h come to  "k
 ! some:at dazzl+ torm5t ( a be+ fully  
awake to ! beauty  ( ! _w4 ,?is beauty  
he _h at la/ p5etrat$2 he felt x ) all  
! /r5g? ( a rip5$ he>t1 he ador$ x2 he  
made x 8 religion4    ,su* is ! inn]    
hi/ory ( ?is /atue4 ,!re is ano!r1 a    
hi/ory (  ! anecdotal sort1 :i* is well 
kn[n to-day1 b :i* x is prop]  to recall
 9 a complete biography ( ! ma/]4    ,! 
adv5ture ( ,! ,age ( ,bronze 0 ! fir/   
res\nd+ battle  t ,rod9 f\ght 9 8       

/ruggle = ! cause ( art4 ,x 0 a         
victory1 b only aft] great combats4     
,! pla/] model appe>$ 9 ! ,salon (      
#ahgg4 ,be=e ?is pr\d &  spirit$ figure 
a numb] ( visitors paus$1 ravi%$ by a   
s5sation  t 0 absolutely new4 ,9 itself 
!re 0 no?+ clamor\s1 no  attempt to     
attract att5tion by extravagance (      
ge/ure or exagg]at$  expression--q !    
contr>y2 ! fragrance ( a %y beauty1 an  
idyllic fre%ness1 m+l$ ) ! passionate   
poetry ( a virile1  arti/ic consci5ce1  
an exquisite s5se ( measure1 a          
delightful  elegance *>act]i/ically     
,fr5*1 ( ! nor? ( ,france1 grave &      
re/ra9$1 & ) a some?+ hi!rto unse51 a   
vigor till !n  unkn[n diffus$ ?r\gh ?is 
adolesc5t fle%1 irradiat+ x )  t5d]ness1
 ) a noble *>m1 a c>ess+ sadness4       
,imm$iately ! rumor began to circulate1 
welcom$ "h1 spurn$ !re1  by ! _w (      
pr(essionals1 amateurs1 & j\rnali/s3 !  
anatomy  ( ! new "w 0 too exact1 its    
model+ too precise = x to be an         
int]pretation ( ! model2 x 0 a ca/ f    

nature1 & ! sculptor  :o gave out z !   
result ( 8 own labor ?is me*anical copy 
( a  human body 0 no?+ b an impo/or4    
,:at does x matt]8 ?\ght ! public 9 its 
up-&-d[n common s5se4  ,!re are pl5ty ( 
f9e ca/s f nature2 s mu* ! bett] = !  "n
 ( ,rod9 if he has be5 p>ticul>ly       
successful 9 ?is l9e4    ,b ,rod9 0     
indignant4 ,?is nude1 s ob/9ately work$ 
ov]1 a ca/6  ,t he %\ld h committ$ su* a
 deception1 he ! scrupul\s mold]  (     
clay6 ,oh1 he knew well en\gh t mo/ ( ! 
great mod]n sculptors  d n burd5        
!mselves ) s _m scruples & l5d !mselves 
too  (t5 to ! ha/y me?od ( tak+ ca/s2 he
 condemn$ x ) all !  =ce ( 8 own        
probity4 ,he knew well t 9 ?is v ,salon 
( #ahgg  m ?an fifty pieces ( sculpture 
ab\t :i* no?+ 0 said ow$  _! exi/5ce to 
?is malpractice ( :i* he 0 accus$ & (   
:i*  he w\ld nev] be guilty1 because he 
consid]$ x ! v negation  ( art4 ,= (    
c\rse tak+ ca/s is no?+ b ! reproduction
  ( nature 9 its immobility4 ,by means (
 x "o is able to take !  impression (   

=ms1 b "o _c grasp movem5t or           
expression4 ,x  is possible to take !   
mold ( an arm1 a leg1 an in]t body2 "o c
  take a good ca/ ( ! /iff5$ mask ( !   
dead2 "o _c calculate  ?r\gh ! m$ium ( !
 pla/] ! attitude & ! modifications (   
=m ( a man walk+ or fall+ or ! eloqu5ce 
( a face light$ up  by ! reflection ( ! 
inn] m9d4 ,?is transcription ( ! :ole   
is ! exclusive privilege ( ! arti/4 ,he 
alone seizes & fixes  ! g5]al           
impression2 = x is made up n only ( !   
imm$iate  movem5t1 b ( t :i* prec$es & t
 :i* foll[s4 ,8 eye  alone regi/]s !    
rapid succession1 & 8 skill reproduces  
x4 ,:ile  ! ca/1 l ! photograph1 only   
con/itutes a unity deta*$ f  ! :ole1    
sculpture f nature re/abli%es ! :ole    
itself &  repres5ts ! un9t]rupt$        
vibration :i* is life4    ,t expla9s h[ 
!re happ5 to be1 on ! "o h&1 s _m  h>d  
figures1 weak & cold images1 turn$ out  
ha/ily by lazy &  consci5celess         
sculptors1 &1 on ! o!r1 ^? works t      
possess a  *>m t is my/]i\s to ^? :o "k 

no?+ ( its s\rce1 :o  are unaw>e ( ?is  
me?od ( obs]vation & labor :i* a supreme
  ef=t veils 9 ! easy grace & ! app>5t  
facility t en*ants  u 9 ! ?+s ( nature4 
,! accusation br\ght aga9/ ,rod9 became 
m def9ite4 ,!re 0 a  v]itable upheaval (
 op9ion 9 ! _w ( ! ,salons4 ,he prote/$1
  ) ! firmness ( an arti/ resolv$ to    
suff] no blot ^u 8  honor4 ,he insi/$ ^u
 receiv+ ju/ice4 ,unkn[n1 )\t means (   
support1 )\t =tune1 he might well h     
wait$ a long "t = x4  ,he turn$ t[>d    
,belgium1 seek+ def5d]s 9 ! c\ntry :]e  
he _h  made ,! ,age ( ,bronze2 b !      
academic virus did n sp>e him2 !        
(ficial sculptors rema9$ deaf to !      
appeal ( _! confrre4 ,=  t matt]1 :]e   
did he come f1 ?is ambiti\s /one-cutt]  
:o  claim$ ! title ( sculptor )\t wait+ 
on ! good pleasure (  ! pontiffs8       
,rod9's model alone1 ! "y soldi] (      
,brussels1 became indignant at  !       
affront to 8 sculptor4 ,he want$ to ha/5
 to ,p>is & exhibit  himself nak$ be=e !
 eye ( ! jury ( honor :i* _h j be5      

con/itut$ & cry out to !m t he _h pos$  
ne>ly two ye>s =  ! arti/ :o _h be5 s   
unju/ly attack$4 ,b no?+ is simple4 ,he 
_h pos$1 ?anks to ! special good w ( !  
capta9 comm&+ !  company to :i* he      
belong$1 & 9 defiance ( milit>y         
regulations4  ,to reveal ?is fact w\ld  
be to compromise ! (fic]1 & s he _h to  
rema9 sil5t4    ,rod9 _h photographs &  
ca/s tak5 f 8 model & s5t !m  to !      
exp]ts4 ,all ?is 0 co/ly & unc]ta94 ,x 0
 only aft]  mon?s ( wait+ t !y 7 exam9$4
 ,on ! jury 7 sev]al art  critics1      
includ+ ,*>les ,iri>te1 a le>n$ writ] & 
di/+ui%$  m9d1 & ,paul de ,sa9t-,victor1
 au?or ( ! ,deux-,masques1  ! sumptu\s  
writ] ( s mu* brilliant prose4 ,alas6 ! 
mo/  insignificant sculptor1 provid$ he 
_h only be5 s9c]e1 c\ld h  settl$       
,rod9's case a hundr$ times bett]4 ,a   
man ( 8 own trade1  possess+ ! elem5ts (
 ju/ice1 w\ld h imm$iately decid$ !  "q 
accord+ to ! facts1 :ile ! critics &    
writ]s reli$  :olly ^u p]sonal          
impressions1 &1 to ! great bitt]ness ( !

  sculptor1 :5 !y deliv]$ an op9ion !y  
did n altoge!r reject  ! accusation t he
 _h tak5 ca/s1 all[+ d\bt to re/ ^u !   
hone/y ( ,rod94 ,he himself did n "k :at
 to d next4 ,*ance 0  m favorable to him
 ?an m54    ,at t "t he 0 execut+ = a   
great decorator "s ornam5tal  motives   
de/9$ = "o ( ! build+s ( ! ,univ]sal    
,exposition  ( #ahgh4 ,! sculptor1      
,alfr$ ,b\*]1 a pupil ( ,paul ,dubois1  
came  "o day on a bus9ess err& to see ! 
decorator4 ,9 ! /udios he  notic$ ,rod9 
at "w on ! model ( a gr\p ( *ildr5      
int5d$ =  a c>t\*e4 ,b\*]1 :o knew ab\t 
! accusation t hung ov]  him1 obs]v$ him
 ) ! livelie/ int]e/4 ,he witness$ !    
rapid1  skilful1 amaz+ly dext]\s        
execution produc+ "u 8 v eye  a t5d]    
effloresc5ce ( *ildi% fle% on ! firm &  
p]fectly  con/ruct$ little bodies4 ,&   
,rod9 0 work+ )\t models6  ,alfr$ ,b\*] 
0 a product ( ! ,ecole2 he _h tak5 ! gr&
 prix  de ,rome2 he 0 t5 ye>s y\ng] ?an 
,rod92 b he 0 an hone/ man2  he ha/5$ to
 relate to 8 ma/]1 ,paul ,dubois1 :at he

 _h se54 ,!  creator ( ! ,flor5t9e ,s+] 
& ,*>ity 9 8 turn wi%$ to  see ?+s =    
himself4 ,) ,claude ,*apu he w5t to !   
decorator's  & bo? ( !m decid$ !n & !re 
t ! h& t mold$ s  skilfully f memory !  
figures ( ! *]ubs 0 c]ta9ly capable1  9 
its extraord9>y k ( human anatomy1 (    
hav+ execut$ t  ( ,! ,age ( ,bronze4    
,!reupon !y conv9c$ _! confrres &       
decid$ to write ! "u-secret>y ( /ate a  
solemn lett] 9 :i*  all ( !m1 answ]+ = !
 good fai? ( ,rod91 decl>$ t he  _h made
 a beautiful /atue & t he w\ld become a 
great sculptor4  ,! lett] 0 sign$ by    
,c>ri]-,belleuse1 ,paul ,dubois1 ,*apu1 
,?omas  ,delaplan*e1 ,*apl9 ,falguire4  
,illu/ration3 ,,bu/ ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntess   
,,( ,w----4    ,?is temp]$ consid]ably !
 rancor ( ! arti/4    ,x is a /range    
fact t = ye>s he und]rat$ ?is /atue4 ,9 
#ahii  he gave 8 fir/ great exhibition (
 all 8 "w4 ,x 0 to ! ,maison  d',art (  
,brussels t ! honor ( ?is project 0 due1
 & x 0  c>ri$ out 9 a /yle & ) a good   
ta/e :i* no lat] exhibition  ( ! ma/]   

has surpass$1 or ev5 atta9$4    ,z he _h
 *>g$ me ) ! sup]vision ( ! s5d+ (f ( 8 
works1 to ! numb] ( fifty1 ,i begg$ him 
to include among !m ,!  ,age ( ,bronze4 
,i hop$ t ! public1 & especially !      
arti/s (  ,belgium1 might be able to    
/udy ! evolution ( 8 te*nique ?r\gh  8  
typical works1 execut$ at diff]5t p]iods
 ( 8 c>e]4 ,no?+  c\ld induce him to    
cons5t to x4 ,he decl>$ t 9 tw5ty ye>s  
8 model+ _h und]gone a complete         
trans=mation1 t x _h  become m spaci\s &
 m supple1 & t ! exhibition ( ?is  /atue
 c\ld s]ve no purpose & be ( good to    
nobody4 ,i urg$ him to  g & look at x   
aga94 ,! bronze1 s5t to ! ,salon (      
#ahhj1 )  ! pla/] figure ( ,/4 ,john !  
,bapti/ 9 ,pray]1 aw>d$1 oh  spl5dor (  
(ficial mis]l9ess6 a m$al ( ! ?ird      
class1 _h be5  b\ght by ! /ate a few    
ye>s lat] & set up 9 a corn] ( !        
,luxemb\rg ,g>d5s1 an out-(-!-way corn]1
 b "o t ! light  %ad[s ( ! "y trees made
 *>m+4 ,! ma/] refus$4 ,two or  ?ree    
ye>s aft]w>d1 "o morn+ :ile we 7 talk+1 

,i l$ him  unsuspect+ t[>d ?is little   
grove4 ,?9k+ ( some?+ else he  lift$ 8  
,head1 ca/+ an indiff]5t glance at !    
solit>y bronze4  ,surpris$1 he exam9$ x1
 :ile a happy emotion light$ up 8 face2 
!n he walk$ sl[ly ar\nd x4 ,f9ally he   
admitt$ quietly t he  _h be5 mi/ak51 t !
 /atue seem$ to him really beautiful1   
well  con/ruct$1 & c>efully sculptur$4  
,9 ord] to compreh5d x he _h  _h to =get
 x1 to see x aga9 sudd5ly1 & to judge x 
z if x _h  be5 ! "w ( ano!r h&4    ,aft]
 ?is readoption1 8 affection = x 0      
re/or$2 he _h sev]al  copies ca/ 9      
bronze & cut 9 /one1 & x has become     
p]haps "o  ( 8 mo/ popul> & mo/         
s\ght-aft] works4 ,museums ( ,europe &  
,am]ica1 lov]s ( art 9 bo? hemisph]es1  
consid] x an honor to  possess replicas4
    ,x 0 ! fir/ ( ,rod9's great /atues1 
or1 r1 ! fir/ t  has be5 pres]v$4       
,sev]al o!r works ( capital importance  
s]ve  z l&m>ks 9 ! progress ( 8 tal5t4  
,ar\nd !m are gr\p$  fragm5ts1 bu/s1    
innum]able delightful little            

compositions1 all  treat$ ) ! same c>e &
 equally reflect+ ! result ( 8  /udies2 
b1 z ev]1 x is ! major works t m>k mo/  
visibly !  po9ts ( dep>ture & arrival ( 
! diff]5t p]iods ( 8 arti/ic            
developm5t4 ,^! works are3 ,! ,age (    
,bronze 7#ahgg72 ,sa9t ,john  ! ,bapti/ 
7#ahhj72 ,! ,gate ( ,hell 7#ahhj-ai--1 n
 f9i%$72 ,!  ,creation ( ,man 7#ahha72  
,! ,burgh]s ( ,calais 7#ahhi72 ,victor  
,hugo  7#ahif72 ,balzac 7#ahih72 ,!     
,seasons 7p$im5ts ( /one1 #aije72       
,ariadne 79 c\rse ( execution74    ,^!  
works w be describ$ & *>act]iz$1 9 !    
c\rse ( ?is  book1 at ! dates ( _!      
appe>ance4          ,,flemi%            
,,pa9t+--,,j\rneys ,,9 ,,italy ,,&      
,,france      ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,belgium1   
,rod9 /udi$ ! ,flemi% pa9t]s4 ,free  f !
 prejudices ( ! s*ools1 unaw>e ( !      
!ories ( !  critics1 s5sitive to !      
beautiful 9 e =m1 foll[+ only  8 p]sonal
 ta/e support$ by ! /udy ( ! ma/]s1 he  
rang$  ov] ! va/ doma9 ( art ?r\gh      
regions ! mo/ dissimil> &  sup]ficially 

! mo/ oppos$4 ,( c\rse he _h 8          
pref]5ces2 he  return$ unceas+ly to !   
antique & ! ,go?ic2 b 8 pref]5ces  did n
 bl9d him4 ,8 admiration pass$ rapidly f
 ! spl5dors (  ,greek & ,roman          
ar*itecture to ! voluptu\s graces ( !   
sev5te5?  c5tury4 ,8 love = ,donatello &
 ,mi*elangelo did n prev5t him  f       
appreciat+ ,b]n9i4    ,attract$ fir/ by 
! m>vel\s ,flemi% ,go?ic arti/s1 ,meml+1
  ,massys1 ! ,van ,eycks1 he 0 lat]     
delight$ ) ! homely sc5es (  ,jan ,/e51 
( ,brueghel1 ( ,t5i]s2 he enjoy$ !m z an
 arti/ & z  a simple man :o knew ! value
 ( dome/ic joys4 ,!n he 0 haunt$ by  !  
s5sual pomp ( ,jorda5s & above all      
,rub5s4    ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,poet ,,& 
,,! ,,muse4    ,! triumphant bru% (     
,rub5s sculptur$ z mu* z x pa9t$4 ,!    
sci5ce ( =e%ort5+ & t ( ceil+ pa9t+1 8  
way (  model+ =ms 9 ! light & by means (
 light--all ?is br\ght 8  art into !    
realm ( sculpture2 & :5 ,rod9 came to   
seek effects (  light & %ad[ t 7 new to 
sculpture1 he rememb]$ ! lessons  ( !   

,antw]p ma/]4 ,f t "t on ,rub5s 0 = him 
a spl5did  subject = /udy & w\ld h      
=tifi$ him1 _h t be5 necess>y1  9 ! love
 ( draw+2 = beautiful draw+ leads1 to   
ev]y?+1 to  color1 9 sculpture z well z 
9 pa9t+4    ,flemi% art 0 n en\gh to    
satisfy ?is ?ir/ = und]/&+ t  dev\r$ !  
s\l ( ! arti/ n[ 9 ! full sw+ ( ! f]m5t+
  =ce ( 8 faculties4 ,he wi%$ to see    
,italy or at lea/ to cat* a  glimpse (  
x4 ,8 res\rces 7 s sl5d] inde$ t 8      
j\rney  c\ld n h be5 long4 ,x did n     
matt]4 ,he w\ld =m an idea (  ! imm5sity
 ( its treasure & confirm 9 himself !   
desire to  return4 ,he wi%$ also to see 
,france1 z allur+ to him z ,greece1 &   
^: ca!drals are p]haps n less beautiful 
?an ! ,p>!non4    ,he />t$ = ,italy 9   
#ahge1 & he accompli%$ 8 fir/ t\r (     
,france 9 #ahgg4 ,he set =?4 ,he 0 "y & 
/rong2 he made ! pass  ( ,mont ,c5is on 
foot4 ,he 0 unkn[n & )\t connections4   
,:at  did x matt]8 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! sc5es 
s radiant ) memories (  hi/ory & art1   
did he n feel an intoxication su* z !   

soldi]s (  ,bonap>te alone mu/ h        
exp]i5c$1 cat*+ sight ( ! pla9s (       
,lomb>dy1 :]e !y 7 to =get ! h>d%ips ( !
 campaign8    ,= ,rod91 ,italy meant !  
antique2 x meant ,donatello &           
,mi*elangelo4  ,! antique he _h already 
to a consid]able ext5t /udi$ 9 !        
,l\vre4 ,donatello & ,mi*elangelo       
conqu]$ him at ! fir/ glance--a         
tumultu\s conque/4 ,! sev]ity (         
,donatello's /yle impassion$ him2  !    
rigid hone/y ( 8 realism1 ! desire ( ?is
 y\ng] bro!r (  ,dante to see ?+s gr&ly1
 ! equal desire to see ?+s simply1 ?is  
,go?ic g5ius deeply mov$ 9 ! mid-way (  
?is our mortal life by  pagan beauty &  
t\*$ by ! brea? ( ! ,r5aissance1        
impress$  ! ,fr5* arti/ & became a      
dom9at+ memory4 ,f t "t on 9  ! mo/     
beautiful ( 8 bu/s1 ^? ( ,jean-,paul    
,laur5s1 ,puvis de  ,*avannes1 ,"l      
,wyndham1 ,"l ,horace ,wald51 ,mr4      
,ryan1 he 0 to appe>  z a disciple ( !  
,flor5t9e ma/]1 n by a lit]al imitation 
(  8 me?ods1 :i* he ?or\ghly grasp$1 b  

by simil> qualities  ( obs]vation &     
syn!sis4 ,/ill1 ?is 0 n until aft] he _h
  made o!r /udies1 :ile ,mi*elangelo    
took hold ^u him imm$iately  &          
completely & became an actual obsession 
t might h prov$  dang]\s to a sculptor  
less sev]e ) himself1 less det]m9$ to   
discov] 8 own pa?4    ,! dazzl+ ri*ness 
( model+1 ! maje/y ( ! great figures  ( 
! prodigi\s ,flor5t9e1 & _! fullness (  
movem5t--=  _! immobility is *>g$ )     
movem5t--! somb] melan*oly (  8 ?\ght1 8
 flam+ & %ad[y s\l1 8 lit]>y            
romanticism1  a romanticism l t (       
,%aksp]e1 ov]:elm$ ,rod9 ) t  =midable  
s5se ( an almo/ sorr[ful admiration t   
all exp]i5ce  :o visit ! ,m$ici tombs 9 
! new sacri/y4    ,he /udi$ also ! lat] 
m>bles ( ,mi*elangelo1 :i* /ood at t  "t
 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,pitti ,palace & h s9ce  
be5 remov$ to  ! ,municipal ,museum (   
,flor5ce4    ,e "o kn[s ^! p[]ful       
blocks1 ^! va/ human =ms1 only half     
dis5gag$ f ! m>ble1 f :i* !y seem to be 
endeavor+ to  escape 9 ord] to give bir?

 to !mselves by a r5d+ ef=t t  is       
*>act]i/ic ) all ! =ce ( a symbol ( !   
tragic g5ius  ( ,buon>roti4 ,unf9i%$    
works2 x is ?us ! catalogues designate  
!m4 ,unf9i%$ works1 inde$1 b :y8 ,0 x   
age t /ill$1 be=e  ! end1 ! h& ( ! giant
 ( sculpture8 ,or 0 x n r t  he judg$ !m
 too /rangely beautiful 9 _!            
incomplet5ess1 t  !y seem$ to him m     
p[]ful ?us1 /ill captive to ! mat]ial  t
 b\nd !m groan+1 z x 71 9 _! tremul\s   
fle%8    ,! public pays little att5tion 
to ^! sublime masses because x is  told 
t !y are n f9i%$4 ,n f9i%$8 ,or inf9ite8
 ,t is  ! "q4 ,f> f weigh+ !m d[n1 !    
m>ble t envelops  !m ?r[s ab\t !m ! *>m 
( ! indet]m9ate & by means  ( ?is unites
 !m ) ! atmosph]e4 ,! p>ts t are :olly  
dis5gag$ enable "o to div9e ^? t rema9  
hidd52 !y are  veil$ )\t be+ oblit]at$1 
l m\nta9-tops among ! cl\ds2  & ?is     
half-my/]y1 in/ead ( dim9i%+1 increases 
! h>mony  ( ! bodies trembl+ ) life "u  
_! mantle ( /one4 ,9 !  pres5ce ( an    
effect s m>vel\s1 s calculat$1 "o _c    

cease f  ask+ if x 0 really dea? or if x
 0 n r ! sov]eign  ta/e ( ! workman t   
arre/$ ! *isel4 ,:ile he 0 fa%ion+  8   
/atues out ( ! m>ble itself1 ) t fury t 
has pass$  into leg5d1 did he n f9d     
himself1 face to face ) ^! unexpect$    
effects :i* ! mat]ial (f]$ him ( itself1
 9 ! mid/ ( "o (  ^? happy situations by
 :i* ! tal5t ( ! ma/]s alone enables  !m
 to pr(it8    ,h[ev] t may be1 ,rod9 0  
/ruck z if by a revelation4 ,:at !      
progress ( 8 "w _h t>dily disclos$ to   
,mi*elangelo 0 soon to  become = 8      
disciple a pr9ciple ( decorative art4   
,in/ead (  dis5gag+ 8 figures entirely1 
he 0 to leave !m half subm]g$  9 !      
transp>5t m>ble4 ,?is me?od1 :i* has    
become fam\s  to-day1 seem$ an unhe>d-( 
?+ to ^? :o 7 unfamili> )  ! ,flor5t9e  
blocks2 b ,rod9 has nev] fail$ to       
ackn[l$ge !  pat]nity ( ! sculptor ( ,! 
,?9k]4 ,foll[+ 9 8 /eps1 _m  arti/s h   
employ$ ?is me?od at r&om1 )\t possess+ 
!  ess5tial qualities t enable "o to    
control ^! effects1 & "u  _! p[]less    

*isels ! en*ant+ device no long]        
possesses any  mean+4    ,illu/ration3  
,,! ,,?9k]4    ,rod9 himself wait$ until
 he possess$ a ?or\gh k ( m>ble  & !    
mann] ( treat+ x2 x 0 a /roke ( fate by 
:i* he  r$iscov]$ ! ph5om5a ( envelopm5t
 t _h s transport$ him 9  ! ,municipal  
,museum4 ,he _h by t "t ! wisdom to gu>d
 himself  f do+ any?+ inconsi/5t ) 8    
mat]ial4 ,he foll[$ out  ! sugge/ions x 
gave him1 & develop$ an inf9ite v>iety 9
 !  me?ods ( h&l+ x4    ,on 8 return f  
,italy he cont9u$ to be haunt$ by !     
unsurpassable  vigor ( ,mi*elangelo's   
workman%ip4 ,he s\ght to discov] :at 0  
! out/&+ gift t conf]r$ ^u him ?is p[] &
 ?is  my/]i\s empire ov] ! _s4 ,until   
!n1 ) ! majority (  arti/s ( ! mod]n    
s*ool1 he _h believ$ t ! *ief quality  (
 sculpture lay 9 seiz+ ! "* ( ! model2 b
 he came  to see h[ _m works conc]n$    
only ) express+ "* fail (  real         
significance4 ,s9ce #ahcj h[ _m         
romantici/s h sacrific$ to  "* )\t leav+
 any works t are la/+6    ,aft] 8 j\rney

 ,rod9 decid$ t ! /r5g? ( ,mi*elangelo  
lay  und\bt$ly 9 8 movem5t4 ,return+ to 
8 /udio1 he execut$ a  quantity (       
sket*es & ev5 l>ge figures l ,!         
,creation ( ,man1  ! title ( :i*1 al?\gh
 he _h n be5 to ,rome1 is a s\v5ir (  ! 
frescos ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel2 he made bu/s 
l t ( ,bellona1  aft] hav+ direct$ 8    
models to assume ,mi*elangelesque poses4
  ,= all ?is1 he did n atta9 to !       
gr&eur1 ! s\l-di/urb+  au?ority ( !     
,flor5t9e ma/]4    ,)\t becom+          
disc\rag$1 he w5t on obs]v+ ceaselessly4
 ,f>  f impos+ ^u 8 model positions     
?\ght out 9 advance1 he left  him free  
to w&] ab\t ! /udio at ! pleasure ( 8   
own caprice1  ready to arre/ him at a ^w
 :5 a beautiful movem5t pass$ be=e  8   
eyes4 ,!n1 six mon?s aft] 8 return f    
,italy1 he f\nd t  ! model assum$ ( 8   
own accord ! v poses ( :i* ,mi*elangelo 
alone _h seem$ to him to possess !      
secret2 he realiz$ t !  sublime sculptor
 _h tak5 !m direct f nature1 f ! rhy?m (
  ! human body 9 action1 & t he _h done 

no?+ b seize &  immortalize !m4         
,mi*elangelo1 he says1 reveal$ me to    
myself1 reveal$ to me !  tru? ( =ms4 ,i 
w5t to ,flor5ce to f9d :at ,i possess$ 9
 ,p>is &  else:]e1 b x is he :o taught  
me ?is4    ,?is does n prev5t c]ta9     
critics f ass]t+ out ( ! dep? (  _!     
incompet5ce t he has nev] felt !        
influ5ce ( ?is ma/]  & t he has nev] ev5
 giv5 8 "w s]i\s consid]ation4 ,^?  :o  
"k ,rod9 well "k t1 on ! contr>y1 he    
nev] fails to give  s]i\s consid]ation  
to any?+ :i* is wor? consid]+ at all  & 
t 8 p[] ( obs]vation is ! basis ( 8     
g5ius4 ,always  seek+ a f9al me?od1 he  
came back to ! idea ) :i* 8 e>lie/      
education _h already inspir$ him & :i* 8
 self-commun+s _h  only confirm$3 t !   
value ( sculpture lies entirely 9 !     
model+4 ,?is is ! secret ( ,mi*elangelo2
 x is also t ( !  anci5ts & ( all !     
great arti/s ( ! pa/ & ( mod]n times4   
,= ! re/1 ?r\gh 8 spaci\s movem5ts1 8   
balanc+ ( equal  masses1 ! sculptor ( ! 
tombs taught him t ! supreme quality    

consi/s 9 seek+ 9 ! model+ ! liv+1      
det]m9+ l9e ( !  s*eme1 ! supple axis ( 
! human body4    ,he himself held ?is   
pr9ciple ( ! anci5ts1 ( :om he 0 a      
disciple1 z f> z model+ is conc]n$1 :ile
 9 8 composition &  8 h&l+ ( light he is
 a ,go?ic4    ,soon aft] 8 return f     
,italy1 ,rod9 execut$ ! great /udy      
entitl$ ,! ,creation ( ,man4 ,9 x he    
exagg]at$ ! rhy?m  s *>act]i/ic ( !     
,flor5t9e1 ! balanc+ ( masses1 !        
melan*oly contraction ( ! body "u !     
weight ( an inexpressible  inn] suff]+4 
,:5 "o exam9es ! figure1 ?is exagg]ation
  c]ta9ly sugge/s some?+ ov]work$1      
some?+ =c$1 :i*  ,mi*elangelo knew h[ to
 avoid & :i* "h creates a some:at pa9ful
  impression4 ,b lat]1 :5 ,rod9 conceiv$
 ! idea ( plac+ 8  /atue at ! summit (  
,! ,gate ( ,hell1 ?is /ra9$ appe>ance   
disappe>$4 ,se5 ?us1 a l(ty %ape light$ 
up f bel[1 x takes on  true beauty2 x is
 9 its "r place2 x dom9ates ! "w &1 z x 
71 blesses x4 ,x has ! affect+ ge/ure ( 
,*ri/ian *>ity4    ,illu/ration3        

,,adolesc5ce4          ,,rod9',s        
,,note-,,book    ,,introductions ,,by   
,,judi? ,,cladel      ,i    ,,anci5t    
,,work%ops ,,& ,,mod]n ,,s*ools         
,at a p]iod 9 :i*1 among ! _m           
manife/ations (       intellectual      
activity 9 ! nations1 art is plac$ 9 !  
backgr\nd1 ! adv5t ( a great arti/      
inv>iably calls =?       ! same ph5om5a3
 a few m5 ( ta/e become en?usia/s1 !    
majority become indignant1 & ! public1 n
 be+ possess$ (       suffici5t e/hetic 
education1 & intol]ant because ( _! lack
       ( und]/&+1 ridicule ! intrud] :o 
has ov]?r[n !       accept$ /&>ds ( !   
c5tury4 ,fri5ds & foes alike consid]    
him a revolutioni/2 z a matt] ( fact1 he
 is 9 op5 revolt       aga9/ ignorance &
 g5]al incompet5ce4         ,little by  
little ! great tru? embodi$ 9 su* a man 
is       reveal$4 ,compreh5sion1 l a    
contagion1 seems to take hold       ( ! 
m9ds ( p1 & impels !m to /udy 8 art at  
fir/ h&4 ,a /udy n only ( 8 own         
significance1 b (       ! pr9ciples :i* 

he repres5ts1 quickly reveals t !       
"w ( ?is innovator1 ?is revolutioni/1   
is1 9 fact1 deeply       alli$ to       
tradition1 &1 f> f be+ a my/]i\s1       
isolat$       manife/ation1 is1 on !    
contr>y1 closely l9k$ to g5]al          
arti/ic ideals4         ,our aim is to  
p5etrate ! doctr9es ( ?is ma/]1 8       
me?od1 8 mann] ( work+--all t :i* at o!r
 times w\ld       h be5 call$ 8 secrets4
         ,augu/e ,rod9's c>e] has pass$ 
?r\gh ! inevitable       phases4 ,he1 :o
 has be5 s g5]ally discuss$ & attack$1  
is       to-day ! mo/ reg>d$ ( all      
arti/s4 ,he likes to talk ( 8       art2
 = he kn[s t 8 obs]vations h a priceless
 value1       t ( exp]i5ce--! exp]i5ce (
 sixty ye>s ( un9t]rupt$       "w--& ( a
 consci5ce p]haps ev5 m exact+ to-day   
?an at       ! "t ( 8 impetu\s y\?4 ,he 
says1 ,my pr9ciples are !       laws (  
exp]i5ce4 ,! comb9ation ( ^! pr9ciples  
embodies       8 greate/ precept2       
namely1 t ( ?9k+ & execut+ a       ?+   
simultane\sly4 ,we mu/ li/5 to ,rod9 z  

we w\ld li/5       to ,mi*elangelo or   
,rembr&t if !y 7 liv+4 ,= 8 me?od       
may be ! />t+-po9t ( an arti/ic         
r5aissance 9 ,europe1       p]haps      
?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4 ,def9ite signs ( a   
decid$       resurrection 9 ta/e are    
already manife/+ !mselves1 & x       is 
a spl5did satisfaction = ! illu/ri\s    
sculptor to receive       su*           
ackn[l$gm5t 9 8 glori\s old age4 ,=1 l e
       great g5ius1 he has a pr(\nd love
 = ! race f :i* he       spr+s1 & feels 
a /rong in/9ctive confid5ce 9 x4 ,inde$1
       h[ %\ld ?is be o!rwise8 ,9 !     
c\rse ( c5turies1 has n       ?is       
wond]ful ,celtic race on v>i\s occasions
 recon/ruct$ its       und]/&+ &        
int]pretation ( beauty8         ,augu/e 
,rod9 expresses himself by pref]5ce on  
subjects       f :i* he c draw an actual
 lesson4 ,he is no !ori/2 he       has  
an em95tly positive m9d1 "o might ev5   
say a practical       m9d4 ,8 tea*+s1   
unlike ! ab/ract tea*+s ( books1 c      
be *>act]iz$ by two words1 obs]vation & 

d$uction4 ,8       are n m or less      
arbitr>y m$itations 9 :i* p]sonal       
imag9ation plays ! pr9cipal "p2 !y are r
 ! acc\nt       ( a sagaci\s1 tru?ful   
travel]1 ( a soldi] :o relates !        
/ory ( 8 campaigns1 or ( a s*ol> :o     
records ! result (       an analysis4   
,reality is 8 only basis1 & ) ju/ice to 
himself       he c say1 ,i am n a       
rhetorician1 b a man ( action4          
,we he> him *at1 x may be 9 8 ateli]    
ab\t "s piece (       antique sculpture 
:i* has j come into 8 possession or ab\t
       a "w he has 9 h&1 or dur+ 8      
rambles ?r\gh 8 g>d51       :i* is      
situat$ 9 ! mo/ delightful c\ntry 9 !   
suburbs (       ! capital1 or on a walk 
?r\gh ! museums1 or ?r\gh ! old         
qu>t] ( ,p>is4 ,= 9 8 op9ion ! /reets ( 
,p>is1 )       _! %ops ( old furniture1 
et*+s1 & works ( art1 are a             
v]itable museum1 f> less tir+ ?an       
(ficial museums1 & f       :i* "o       
imbibes j z mu* z "o c4           99    
99       99       99       99    ,i use 

! words ( ! p1 ( ! man 9 ! /reet2 =     
?\ghts  %\ld be cle> & easily           
compreh5d$4 ,i desire to be und]/ood by 
! great majority1 & ,i leave s*ol>ly    
words & unusual phras+  to speciali/s 9 
e/heticism4 ,moreov]1 :at ,i say is v   
simple4 ,x  is )9 ! grasp ( ord9>y      
intellig5ce4 ,up to n[ x has be5 (      
h>dly any value4 ,x is some?+ q new1 & w
 rema9 s z long  z ! ideas :i* ,i /& =  
are n actively c>ri$ out4    ,if ^!     
ideas 7 und]/ood & appli$1 ! de/ruction 
( anci5t  works ( art w\ld cease        
imm$iately4 ,by bad re/oration we are   
ru9+  our mo/ beautiful works ( art1 our
 m>vel\s ar*itecture1 our  ,go?ic       
ca!drals1 ,r5aissance city halls1 all ^?
 old h\ses t  trans=m$ ,france into a   
g>d5 ( beauty ( :i* x 0 impossible to   
gr[ we>y1 = ev]y?+ 0 a delight to ! eye 
& intellig5ce4  ,our workm5 w\ld h to be
 z capable z ^? ( =m] times to  re/ore  
^? works ( art )\t *ang+ !m1 !y w\ld h  
to  possess ! same wond]fully tra9$ eye 
& h&4 ,b to-day we h  lo/ t conception &

 execution4 ,we live 9 a p]iod (        
ignorance1  & :5 we put our h& to a     
ma/]piece1 we spoil x4 ,re/or+1 9  our  
way1 is almo/ l jewel]s replac+ pe>ls ) 
false diamonds1  :i* ! ignorant accept )
 complac5cy4    ,! ,am]icans :o buy our 
pa9t+s1 our antique furniture1 our old  
engrav+s1 our mat]ials1 pay v de>ly =   
!m4 ,at lea/ we ?9k  s4 ,z a matt] (    
fact !y buy !m v *eaply1 = !y obta9     
orig9als :i* c nev] be duplicat$4 ,we   
mock at ! ,am]ican  collectors2 9       
reality we ought to laugh at ourselves4 
,= we p]mit our  mo/ preci\s treasures  
to be tak5 out ( ! c\ntry1 & x is !y  :o
 h ! intellig5ce to acquire !m4    ,my  
ideas1 once und]/ood & appli$1 w\ld     
imm$iately revive art1 all  arts1 n only
 sculpture1 pa9t+1 & ar*itecture1 b also
 ^?  arts :i* are call$ m9or1 su* z     
decoration1 tape/ry1 furniture1  !      
design+ ( jewelry & m$als1 etc4 ,!      
artisan w\ld rev]t to  fundam5tal tru?1 
to ! pr9ciples ( ! anci5ts--pr9ciples   
:i*  are ! et]nal basis ( all art1      

reg>dless ( diff]5ces ( race &          
temp]am5t4        ,,con/ruction ,,&     
,,model+    ,9 ! fir/ place1 art is only
 a close /udy ( nature4 ,)\t t  we c h  
no salvation & no arti/s4 ,^? :o pret5d 
t !y  c improve on ! liv+ model1 t      
glori\s creation ( :i* we  "k s little1 
( :i* we 9 our ignorance b>ely grasp !  
admirable  proportions1 are             
insignificant p]sons1 & !y w nev]       
produce  any?+ b m$iocre "w4    ,we mu/ 
/rive to und]/& nature n only ) our     
he>t1 b above  all ) our intellect4 ,he 
:o is impressionable1 b n intellig5t1   
is incapable ( express+ 8 emotion4 ,! _w
 is full ( m5 :o  wor%ip ! beauty (     
wom52 b h[ _m c make beautiful portraits
  or beautiful bu/s ( ! woman !y adore8 
,intellig5ce alone1 aft]  l5g?y rese>*1 
has discov]$ ! g5]al pr9ciples )\t :i*  
!re c be no real art4    ,9 sculpture ! 
fir/ ( ^! pr9ciples is t ( con/ruction4 
,con/ruction is ! fir/ problem t faces  
an arti/ /udy+ 8  model1 :e!r t model be
 a human be+1 animal1 tree1 or fl[]4 ,! 

"q arises reg>d+ ! model z a :ole1 &    
reg>d+ x 9 its  sep>ate p>ts4 ,all =m t 
is to be reproduc$ ought to be reproduc$
  9 its true dim5sions1 9 its complete  
volume4 ,& :at is ?is volume8    ,x is !
 space t an object occupies 9 !         
atmosph]e4 ,! ess5tial  basis ( art is  
to det]m9e t exact space2 ?is is ! alpha
 &  omega1 ?is is ! g5]al law4 ,to model
 ^! volumes 9 dep? is to  model 9 !     
r\nd1 :ile model+ on ! surface is       
bas-relief4 ,9 a  reproduction ( nature 
su* z a "w ( art attempts1 sculpture 9 !
  r\nd approa*es reality m closely ?an  
does bas-relief4    ,to-day we are      
con/antly work+ 9 bas-relief1 & t is :y 
our  products are s cold & meag]4       
,sculpture 9 ! r\nd alone produces  !   
qualities ( life4 ,= in/ance1 to make a 
bu/ does n consi/ 9  execut+ ! diff]5t  
surfaces & _! details "o aft] ano!r1    
successively mak+ ! =ehead1 ! *eeks1 !  
*91 & !n !  eyes1 nose1 & m\?4 ,on !    
contr>y1 f ! fir/ sitt+ ! :ole  mass mu/
 be conceiv$ & con/ruct$ 9 its v>y+     

circumf]5ces2  t is to say1 9 ea* ( its 
pr(iles4    ,a head may appe> ovoid1 or 
l a sph]e 9 its v>iations4 ,if we  sl[ly
 encircle ?is sph]e1 we %all see x 9 its
 successive pr(iles4  ,z x pres5ts      
itself1 ea* pr(ile diff]s f ! "o prec$+4
 ,x  is ?is succession ( pr(iles t mu/  
be reproduc$1 & t is !  means ( e/abli%+
 ! true volume ( a head4    ,ea* pr(ile 
is actually ! out] evid5ce ( ! int]ior  
mass2 ea*  is ! p]ceptible surface ( a  
deep section1 l ! slices ( a  melon1 s t
 if "o is fai?ful to ! accuracy ( ^!    
pr(iles1 !  reality ( ! model1 in/ead ( 
be+ a sup]ficial reproduction1 seems  to
 emanate f )94 ,! solidity ( ! :ole1 !  
accuracy ( plan1  & ! v]itable life ( a 
"w ( art1 proce$ !refrom4    ,! same    
me?od applies to details :i* mu/ all be 
model$ 9  con=mity ) ! :ole4 ,def]5ce to
 plan necessitates accuracy (  model+4  
,! "o is d]iv$ f ! o!r4 ,! fir/ eng5d]s 
!  second4    ,^! are ! ma9 pr9ciples ( 
con/ruction & model+--pr9ciples  to :i* 
we owe ! =ce & *>m ( works ( art4 ,!y   

are ! key  n only to ! h&icraft (       
sculpture1 b to all ! h&icrafts (  art4 
,= t :i* is true ( a bu/ applies equally
 to ! human =m1  to a tree1 to a fl[]1  
or to an ornam5t4    ,?is is nei!r      
my/]i\s nor h>d to und]/&4 ,x is        
?or\ghly  commonplace1 v prosaic4 ,o!rs 
may say t art is emotion1  inspiration4 
,^? are only phrases1 tales ) :i* to    
amuse  ! ignorant4 ,sculpture is q      
simply ! art ( depression &             
protub]ance4 ,!re is no gett+ away f t4 
,)\t a d\bt !  s5sibility ( an arti/ & 8
 p>ticul> temp]am5t play a "p 9  !      
creation ( a "w ( art1 b ! ess5tial ?+  
is to comm&  t sci5ce :i* c be acquir$  
only by "w & daily exp]i5ce4  ,!        
ess5tial ?+ is to respect ! law1 & !    
*>act]i/ic (  t fruitful law is to be ! 
same = all ?+s4    ,moreov]1 su* 0 !    
me?od employ$ by ! anci5ts1 ! me?od :i* 
we ourselves employ$ till ! end ( !     
eighte5? c5tury1 & by  :i* ! _s ( !     
,go?ic g5ius & t ( ! ,r5aissance & (  ! 
p]iods ( culture & elegance ( ! sev5te5?

 & eighte5?  c5turies 7 transmitt$ to u4
 ,only 9 our day h we completely  lo/ t 
te*nic4    ,^! rules d n con/itute a    
sy/em peculi> to myself4 ,!y are  g5]al 
pr9ciples :i* gov]n ! _w ( art1 j z o!r 
immutable laws gov]n ! cele/ial _w4 ,!y 
are ma!matical  pr9ciples :i* ,i f\nd   
aga9 because my "w inevitably l$ me to  
foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! great ma/]s1 my  
ance/ors4        ,,! ,,traditional      
,,laws ,,( ,,anci5t ,,art    ,9 days (  
old1 precise laws 7 h&$ d[n f g5]ation  
to  g5]ation1 f ma/] to /ud5t1 9 all !  
work%ops ( ! work]s  9 art--sculptors1  
pa9t]s1 decorators1 cab9et-mak]s1       
jewel]s4 ,b  at t "t work%ops exi/$ :]e 
"o actually taught1 :]e !  ma/] work$ 9 
view ( ! pupil4 ,9 our day by :at h we  
replac$  t m>vel\sly productive s*ool1 !
 work%op8 ,by academies 9 :i*  "o le>ns 
no?+1 because "o sets out f su* a       
contr>y po9t (  view4    ,^! pr9ciples (
 art 7 fir/ po9t$ out to me n by a      
celebrat$  sculptor1 or by an au?oriz$  
tea*]1 b by a comrade 9 ! work%op1  a   

humble artisan1 a little pla/]] f !     
neighborhood ( ,blois  call$ ,con/ant   
,simon4 ,we work$ toge!r at a           
decorator's4 ,i 0  q at ! beg9n+ ( my   
c>e]1 e>n+ six francs a day4 ,our       
models 7 leaves & fl[]s1 :i* we pick$ 9 
! g>d54 ,i 0  c>v+ a capital :5 ,con/ant
 ,simon said to me3 ,y don't g ab\t  t  
correctly4 ,y make all y\r leaves       
flatwise4 ,turn !m1 on !  contr>y1 ) !  
po9t fac+ y4 ,execute !m 9 dep? & n 9   
relief4 ,always "w 9 t mann]1 s t a     
surface w nev] seem  o!r ?an ! t]m9ation
 ( a mass4 ,only ?us c y a*ieve success 
9 sculpture4    ,i und]/ood at once4    
,s9ce !n ,i h discov]$ _m o!r ?+s1  b t 
rule has rema9$ my absolute basis4      
,con/ant ,simon 0 only  an obscure      
workman1 b he possess$ ! pr9ciples & a  
little ( !  g5ius ( ! great ornam5ti/s  
:o work$ at ! *teaux ( !  ,loire4 ,on ! 
,/4 ,mi*el f\nta9 9 ,p>is !re are v     
beautifully  c>v$ decorations1 ri* & at 
! same "t graceful1 :i* 7 made  by ! h& 
( ?is little model]1 :o knew f> m ?an   

all !  pr(essors ( e/hetics4    ,su* 0 !
 purpose ! work%ops ( old s]v$4 ,!      
appr5tice  pass$ successively ?r\gh all 
! /ages & became acqua9t$ )  all !      
secrets ( 8 h&icraft4 ,he began by      
sweep+ ! /udio1  & t fir/ taught him c>e
 & pati5ce1 :i* are ! ess5tial  virtues 
( a workman4 ,he pos$1 he s]v$ z model =
 8 comrades4  ,! ma/] 9 turn work$ be=e 
him among 8 /ud5ts4 ,he he>d 8          
companions discuss _! art1 he b5efit$ by
 ! discov]ies t !y  communicat$ to "o   
ano!r4 ,he f\nd himself fac$ e day by ^?
  un=ese5 difficulties :i* g to make an 
arti/ till ! mom5t  :5 ! arti/ is       
suffici5tly capable to ma/] 8           
difficulties4  ,alt]nately1 !y 7 bo?    
tea*] & companion1 & !y convey$ to  "o  
ano!r ! sci5ce ( ! anci5ts4    ,:at h we
 to-day 9 place ( ^? spl5did in/itutions
 :i*  develop$ "* & intellig5ce         
simultane\sly8 ,s*ools at :i*  ! /ud5ts 
?9k only ( obta9+ a prize1 n atta9$ by  
close  /udy1 b by flatt]+ ! pr(essors4  
,! pr(essors !mselves1  )\t any deep    

atta*m5t = _! academies1 come hurri$ly1 
ov]burd5$ by (ficial duties & all sorts 
( "w2 weigh$ d[n by  p]functory         
obligations1 !y correct ! /ud5ts' pap]s 
ha/ily1 &  hurri$ly return to _! regul> 
occupation4    ,z to ! /ud5ts1 tw5ty or 
?irty "w f a s+le model1 :i*  is "s     
di/ance f !m & ar\nd :i* !y c h>dly     
turn4  ,!y ignore all ^? inevitable laws
 :i* are le>n$ 9 ! c\rse  ( "w1 & :i*   
escape ! att5tion ( an arti/ work+      
alone4  ,!y att5d c\rses1 or read books 
on e/hetics writt5 9 te*nical  language 
) obscure1 ab/ract t]ms1 lack+ all      
connection )  concrete reality--books 9 
:i* ! same mi/akes are repeat$ because  
frequ5tly !y are copi$ f "o ano!r4 ,:at 
sort ( /ud5ts c  develop "u su* disa/r\s
 conditions8 ,if "o among !m is s]i\sly 
desir\s ( le>n+1 he breaks loose f 8    
de/ructive surr\nd+s1  is oblig$ to lose
 sev]al ye>s fir/ 9 ridd+ himself ( a   
poor  me?od1 & !n 9 se>*+ = a me?od :i* 
=m]ly "o _h  ma/]$ on leav+ ! ateli]4   
,t is ! me?od t ,i prea* to-day z       

emphatically z ,i c1  call+ att5tion to 
! num]\s b5efits & advantages ( tak+ up 
a  v>iety ( h&icrafts4 ,aside f         
sculpture & draw+1 ,i h work$  at all   
sorts ( ?+s--ornam5tation1 c]amics1     
jewelry4 ,i h le>n$  my lesson f matt]  
itself & h adapt$ myself accord+ly4     
,only  9 be+ fai?ful to ?is pr9ciple c  
"o und]/& & "k h[ to  "w4 ,i am an      
artisan4    ,w my exp]i5ce be ( b5efit  
to o!rs8 ,i hope s4 ,at all ev5ts1 we  h
 a bit to rele>n4 ,x w take ye>s (      
pati5ce & application  to rise f ! abyss
 ( ignorance into :i* we h fall54       
,h[ev]1  ,i believe 9 a r5aissance4 ,a  
numb] ( our arti/s h already  se5 !     
light--! light ( intellectual tru?4     
,acts ( b>b>ism  aga9/ ma/]pieces _c be 
committ$ any m )\t ar\s+ !  indignation 
( cultivat$ p4 ,t 9 itself is an        
ine/imable ga91  = ^? works ( art are ! 
relics ( our traditions1 & if we h  !   
/r5g? to become an arti/ic p aga91 to   
re9c>nate an  era ( beauty1 !n ^? are ! 
works ( art t w s]ve z our  models1     

expressions ( a national consci5ce t w  
be ! mile/ones  on our pa?4           99
       99       99       99       99    
,judg$ by 8 "w1 ,augu/e ,rod9 is ! mo/  
mod]n (       arti/s2 judg$ by 8 life & 
"*1 he is unque/ionably       a man (   
bygone days4 ,z a sculptor1 he is su* z 
7 ,phidias1       ,praxiteles1 & ! ma/] 
ar*itects ( ! ,middle ,ages2 t is       
to say1 he is ( all times4 ,"o s+le idea
 guides 8 ?\ghts1       "o s+le aim     
ar\ses 8 en]gies--art1 art ?r\gh ! /udy 
(       nature4         ,x is by !      
conc5tration ( 8 unusual m9d on a s+le  
purpose t he atta9s 8 rem>kable und]/&+ 
( man1       physical & moral1 8        
contempor>y1 & ( ! _s ( our       age4  
,9 ! lifelike features ( 8 /atues he    
inscribes !       hi/ory ( ! day4 ,!y   
seem to live1 & ! pot5cy ( _!       life
 ent]s into u & dom9ates u4 ,= ! mom5t  
we are only a       sil5t spr+1 m]ely   
reflect+ _! au?ority4         ,?r\gh ?is
 secret ( g5ius1 8 /atues & gr\ps h     
an individual *>m4 ,!y h tak5 _! place 9

 ! hi/ory       ( sculpture4 ,!re is !  
*>m ( ! antique1 ! *>m ( !       ,go?ic1
 & ! *>m ( ,mi*elangelo4 ,!re is also ! 
*>m (       ,rod94         ,illu/ration3
 ,,head ,,( ,,m9]va4               ,,ii 
,,scatt]$ ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,fl[]s         
,9 ,rod9's /atues we f9d 8 conception ( 
et]nal man--man       z he really is4   
,!y are mold$ on mod]n ?\ght1 ) all its 
v>iations4 ,"o might suppose t ^!       
beautiful be+s ( m>ble       & bronze _h
 be5 nam$ by ! *>act]i/ic poets ( !     
c5tury1 ,victor ,hugo1 ,musset1         
,baudelaire4         ,beg9n+ ) !        
,r5aissance & p>ticul>ly dur+ !         
sev5te5? c5tury1 ! royal c\rts 7 ! great
 salons 9       :i* ! ta/e ( ! day 0    
develop$4 ,necessity made c\rti]s       
( ! arti/s1 = to obta9 ord]s1 !y _h to  
w9 ! good-w       ( ! sov]eigns1 ! great
 lords1 & ! f9anci]s4         ,art !n   
lo/ its collective "*1 ! arti/ 8        
indep5d5ce & /r5g?4 ,!re 0 no long] !   
unit$ ef=t (       arti/s1 inspir$ by   
love ( beauty1 to create great          

ma/]pieces       su* z ca!drals1 city   
halls1 & ca/les4 ,! arti/ wa/$ 8        
abilities 9 fragm5t>y bits1 8 "t 9      
worldly duties4 ,to-day       x is ev5  
worse4 ,keep+ h\se1 travel+1 receiv+1   
exhibit+       9 a hundr$ diff]5t       
places1 liv+ 9 great /yle1 c>ry+ on     
8 life-"w--all ^! cr[d out ! fir/1 &    
=m]ly !       ess5tial1 object ( !      
arti/1 8 "w4 ,x is ^! t l[]       art to
 ! la/ degree ( decad5ce4         ,rod9 
has kept alo( f ?is mann] ( liv+1 has   
avoid$       ^! innum]able occasions =  
wa/+ "t1 or1 r1 has nev]       all[$ !m 
to take possession ( him4 ,mode/1       
unpret5ti\s1       travel+ little or )9 
a limit$ radius1 ! unremitt+ /udy       
( ! div9e model & ( ! ma/]piece1 man1   
=ms 8 :ole       ambition1 :ile x is    
also ! s\rce ( endless delight to him4  
,admiration1 he says1 is a joy daily    
k9dl$ afre%1 & aga91       ,i talk out (
 ! fullness ( life2 x belongs to me 9 a 
s5se       l>g] ?an t ( own]%ip4        
,9 8 villa at ,meudon1 9 ! mid/ ( 8     

collections (       antiques1 he pursues
 ?is /udy incessantly4 ,he :o is admitt$
 to       ! mode/ g>d5 ( ! great ma/]   
fir/ beholds ) delight a       ,greek   
m>ble 9 an arbor4 ,at ! turn ( a pa? !re
 is ! torso       ( a goddess re/+ on an
 antique column2 9 a ni*e 9 ! wall1     
a ,roman bu/4 ,b5ea? ! high ar* ( !     
p]i/yle ( ! /udio1       ! ar*itecture (
 :i* bl5ds into ! surr\nd+ backgr\nd    
z 9 ! pa9t+s ( ,claude ,lorra91 !re is a
 magnific5t       torso4 ,f9ally dom9at+
 ! g>d5 & ! valley x ov]looks1       /&+
 on a knoll & project$ aga9/ ! cle> sky1
 !re is       an isolat$ faade f a ca/le
 ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 its       delicate
 balu/rades & casem5ts outl9$ aga9/ !   
blue sky z       9 ! decorative pa9t+s (
 ,paul ,v]onese4         ,^! ru9s are ! 
rema9s ( ! ,*teau d',issy1 ! "w (       
,mans>t4 ,rod9 sav$ !m at ! mom5t :5 _! 
de/ruction at       ! h&s ( ignorant    
workm5 0 imm95t1 & at great exp5se      
recon/ruct$ !m ne> 8 resid5ce4 ,^!      
fragm5ts1 ?is noble       portico1 seem 

z ?\gh plac$ by *ance1 b ! ke5 obs]v]   
quickly p]ceives ! correctness ( ta/e t 
has det]m9$       _! disposition4 ,ea*  
fragm5t =ms "p ( an ensemble )       !  
trees1 ! grass1 ! light1 & ! %ad[s1 & to
 *ange       any ( ^! 9 ! slighte/      
degree w\ld sacrifice "s ( its          
beauty4 ,sculpture at its f9e/ is       
ar*itecture1 & ar*itecture       is     
p]haps ! greate/ art1 because x         
collaborates directly )       nature4   
,ar*itecture lives ?r\gh ! life ( ?+s1 &
 e       h\r ( ! day l5ds x a new       
expression4         ,innum]able         
reflections 7 ar\s$ 9 ! m9d ( ! ma/]    
,rod9 :5 he essay$ to place 8 treasures3
 ! effect ( !       *ang+ light on !    
object1 ! balanc+ ( values1 ! relation  
( prop] proportions1 ! appe>ance ( !    
object 9 full light4       ,all ^! he   
exam9$ & /udi$1 & he se>*$ into ! dep?s 
( ! language ( =ms1 to him z cle> & z   
my/]i\s z       beautiful music4 ,?is   
rem>kable gift = det]m9+ ! value (      
! object 9 its sett+--a gift ! secret ( 

:i* is beyond !       k ( !             
ignorant--has br\ght =? t peculi> poetic
       *>m :i* p]meates ?is little g>d5 
9 a suburb ( ,p>is1       a refuge (    
p]secut$ beauty4 ,"h ! ma/] conf]s ) !  
arti/s ( ,greece & ,france ( o!r days4  
,^! are 8 ,elysian       ,fields4       
,9 ,p>is1 :]e he is daily & :]e he works
 e       aft]noon1 he lives 9 an        
exquisite1 b ru9\s1 mansion ( !         
eighte5? c5tury1 situat$ 9 a ru/ic1     
neglect$ p>k4 ,!re he       f9ds 8      
delight 9 ! /udy ( fl[]s & applies      
himself to       x ) 8 int5se1          
nev]-dormant desire = und]/&+4 ,8       
antique pott]y is fill$ ) anemones1     
c>nations1 & tulips4       ,dur+ 8      
frugal meals !y are be=e him1 & 8 rev]5t
       love ( !m ar\ses 8 desire to     
und]/& !m z completely       z he does  
human be+s4 ,he analyzes & se>*es out _!
       details )\t becom+ ins5sible to !
 beauty ( ! :ole4       ,he jots d[n 8  
discov]ies1 8 words picture !m2 l ,la   
,ro*ef\cauld1 he se>*es into _! "*2 b   

wat*+ ov]       _! life admir+ly &      
t5d]ly until !y )]1 he does n           
dissect !m1 does n de/roy !m4           
,is n ! fl[] ! que5 ( ornam5ts1 !       
inspiration (       all races & ages1 ! 
v s\l ( arti/ic decoration8 ,h n       !
 h&s ( g5ius contriv$ to employ ! mo/   
durable z well       z ! mo/ fragile    
mat]ial to express ?is delicate beauty 9
       ,greek & ,go?ic capitals1 9 !    
/one lacework ( ca!drals1 !             
fabrics ( gold & silk1 brocades1        
tape/ries1 wr\ght iron-"w1       old    
b9d+s8 ,is ! spl5dor ( /a9$-glass w9d[s 
aught else       ?an ! spl5dor ( a mass 
( beautiful fl[]s8    ,illu/ration3 ,,! 
,,ba?4         ,7 ?is ?or\ghly und]/ood1
 says ,rod91 indu/rial art       w\ld be
 entirely revolutioniz$--indu/rial art1 
t b>b>\s       t]m1 an art :i* conc]ns  
itself ) comm]ce & pr(it4         ,! "y 
arti/s ( to-day und]/& no?+2 !y copy to 
satiety ! classic ornam5ts & designs1 & 
reproduce !m 9       s cold a mann] t !y
 lose all mean+4 ,! anci5ts obta9$      

_! designs f nature4 ,!y f\nd _! models 
9 ! g>d51       ev5 9 ! vegetable g>d54 
,!y drew _! inspiration f its           
s\rce4 ,! cabbage-leaf1 ! oak-leaf1 !   
clov]1 ! ?i/le1       & ! bri] are !    
motives ( ! ,go?ic capital4 ,x is n     
photographic tru?1 b liv+ tru?1 t we mu/
 seek 9 art4         ,rod9 writes 8     
obs]vations4 ,he notes !m d[n at !      
mom5t z !y occur to him 9 all _!        
fre%ness1 & 9 ?is       =m !y w be giv5 
"h4 ,at fir/ glance1 ! read] may be     
surpris$ at _! app>5tly fragm5t>y =m4   
,!y may seem       devoid ( g5]al       
cont9uity1 b :5 "o compreh5ds ! great   
ma/]'s me?od1 "o sees t a bond mu* firm]
 ?an t ( !       m]e ^w b9ds !m toge!r4 
,!y seem disjo9t$ because "h1       z 9 
8 sculpture1 ! arti/ accepts only !     
ess5tial1 &       rejects all sup]flu\s 
detail4 ,9 reality !y h ! cont9uity     
( life1 :i* is felt1 b n se51 & :i*     
r5d]s arbitr>y       transition         
unnecess>y4 ,?is is ! pr]ogative (      
g5ius1 :ile       all else is )9 ! grasp

 ( any "o4 ,8 au?ority /rikes u         
dumb2 x puts to r\t m]e commonplace     
clev]ness4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,i h _h         
primroses put 9 ?is little fl[]-pot4 ,!y
 are a bit  cr[d$1 & _! poor little /ems
 are prison]s2 !y are no long]  9 _!    
g>d54    ,i look at !m on my table l a  
vivisector4 ,i admire _! beautiful      
leaves1 r\nd-head$1 vigor\s1 l peasants4
 ,!y po9t t[>d me1 &  betwe5 !m is !    
fl[]4 ,! "o on ?is side is resign$1 & z 
beautiful z a c>yatid4 ,9 pr(ile x seems
 to hold up ! leaf aga9/  :i* x leans & 
:i* gives x %ade4    ,^! little fl[]s   
are n beautiful1 nor are !y radiant4 ,!y
  live peaceably1 g5tly cont5t$ 9 _!    
mis]y2 & yet !y (f]  some?+ to "o :o is 
ill1 z ,i am to-day1 & cause him to     
write to  w>d (f we>9ess4    ,i always h
 fl[]s 9 ! morn+1 & make no di/9ction   
betwe5  !m & my models4    ,_m fl[]s    
toge!r are l wom5 ) heads b[$ d[n4      
,!re is no long] ! sap ( life 9 fl[]s 9 
a vase4    ,! lace "w ( ! fl[] ( !      

eld]-tree--,v5ice4    ,! anemone is only
 an eye1 cruelly melan*oly4 ,x is ! eye 
( a woman  :o has be5 badly us$4    ,^! 
anemones are fl[]s t h /ay$ up too late 
at night2  fl[]s t are respl5d5t1 ) _!  
colors z ?\gh spread ov]  !m            
sup]ficially & wip$ away4 ,ev5 9 ! spr+1
 9 ! h\r (  anticipation1 !y are already
 9 ! fullness ( enjoym5t4    ,l ! fl[] (
 s$uction1 ! anemones sl[ly *ange _! =m 
outl9$ 9 v>i\s ways1 always re/ra9$1    
h[ev]1 & inclos$  )9 _! sph]e4 ,_!      
petals h n a common de/9y3 "s curl  up1 
o!rs are l a becom+ coll>et1 /ill o!rs  
seem to be runn+  away4 ,! delicate     
droop ( ! petals1 /&+ out 9 relief1 is l
  ! eyelid ( a *ild4    ,al?\gh old1 t  
"o does n %$ its petals4 ,poor little   
fl[] )  b5t head1 y are n ridicul\s2 y  
are p5sive n[ t y are  dy+4 ,y suff] f !
 cruelty ( ! /em :i* holds y back4      
,fl[]s give _! lives to u2 !y %\ld be   
plac$ 9 ,p]sian vases4  ,ne> !m1 gold & 
silv] seem ( no value4    ,ah1 de>      
fri5ds1 we mu/ love y if we w\ld h y    

speak to u6  ,we mu/ wat* y or y fall f 
! vase1 despair+1 y\r leaves  )]$4    ,!
 fl[]s & ! vase h>monize by contra/4    
,9 ?is b\quet !re are "s ) flexible /ems
 :i* seem to leap up  gracefully4 ,!    
fl[]1 surr\nd$ by its frail1 /raight    
leaves1 is z  if susp5d$ f ! l$ge ( a   
wr\ght-iron balcony4    ,ah1 ! adorable 
he>t ( ,adonis is incas$ )9 ^! fl[]s6   
,! hyac9? is l a balu/rade plac$ upside 
d[n4 ,a b$ (  hyac9?s resembles a mass (
 balu/]s4 ,?us t great inv5tion  ( !    
,r5aissance1 ! balu/rade1 all[s u to ga9
 ?r\gh x  a glimpse ( nature4 ,?is ray (
 art1 ! fl[]1 ?is delicate  inspiration1
 unkn[+ly requires ! intellig5ce ( man  
to develop its  possibilities4    ,sup]b
 is ?is little rose-l fl[] among its    
spread+ leaves4 ,x is  l an assumption4 
,! d\ble n>cissus is a bird's-ne/ view$ 
f above4 ,/range  fl[]s1 l s _m ?roats6 
,:at a frail m>vel !y are6    ,^! ?ree  
little n>cissi gr\p !mselves l a clu/] (
 electric  lights4    ,! dignity (      
nature impresses u on e h&4 ,x is       

greatly app>5t  9 fl[]s2 & yet s small  
are !y t "s look on !m m]ely z  !       
decoration at a banquet4    ,i w ca/ a  
n>cissus 9 bronze2 x %all s]ve z my     
seal4    ,a maid5 on a lake1 t is !     
n>cissus4    ,little r$ m>gu]ite1 n yet 
op51 si/] to ! /rawb]ry1 huddl$  9 !    
%ade :i* c>esses y4    ,! full-bl[n     
m>gu]ite seems to play at pigeon-vole4  
,x has ra9$ = f\r h\rs2 ?is is ! h\r :5 
fl[]s qu5* _!  ?ir/4    ,a m>gu]ite 9   
pr(ile1 a s]p5t's head ) op5 jaws1      
/ret*+ out  its tongues6 ,petals1 :ite1 
l a little coll>4    ,se5 9 full face1  
its yell[-t9t$ he>t is a little sun2 its
 long  petals are l f+]s play+ ! piano4 
,^! :ite fl[]s are gulls ) w+s          
out/ret*$4 ,!y fly "o  aft] ! o!r2 ?is  
"o1 9 adoration1 has its petals ?r[n    
backw>d1  l w+s4    ,:oev] und]/&s life 
loves fl[]s & _! innoc5t c>esses4    ,^!
 m>gu]ites seem to retreat l a spid] t  
f9ds itself  discov]$ 9 ! road4 ,_! buds
 /ret* out _! s]p5t-heads at  ! end (   
long /ems1 divid$ by int]cept+ leaves & 

entangl+  knots4 ,does n love travel 9 a
 simil> pa? r ?an /raight z an  arr[8   
,!re is s mu* regul>ity 9 ^! d>k-gre5   
leaves1 ext5d+ at  fix$ int]vals to "r &
 left1 & 9 ! et]nal dryness ( !  b\quet1
 t x calls to m9d a ,p]sian m9iature4   
,no man has a he>t pure en\gh to        
int]pret ! fre%ness ( fl[]s4 ,we  _c    
give expression to ?is fre%ness2 x is   
beyond u4    ,:5 x %$s its petals1 !    
fl[] seems to disrobe & g to sleep  on !
 e>?4 ,?is is its la/ act ( grace1 %[+  
its submission to  ,god4    ,:at _s     
possesses ^! fl[]s t die 9 sil5ce6 ,we  
%\ld  li/5 to !m & give ?anks4    ,?is  
r$ & black ranunculus proclaims !       
c>nival2 x is ! c>nival  itself4 ,!     
c>nival is ! v emblem ( fl[]s4 ,l !m x1 
also1  we>s masks & co/umes4 ,x we>s _! 
colors1 bright yell[1 r$--an  imitation 
( ! fl[]s ( ! sun4    ,delightful       
c>nival6 ,delightful int]pretation (    
fl[]s6 ,= a long  "t 9 my y\? ,i        
und]valu$ !m4 ,i am happy n[ to see !m  
"u  ano!r aspect1 z ! spl5dor ( ,rome & 

! lavi% intellig5ce ( a  bygone "t4     
,"s "o gave me tulips4 ,!y fasc9ate me  
v>i\sly4 ,h[ great an  arti/ is *ance1  
kn[+ ! la/ secret by :i* to w9 u6    ,^!
 yell[ tulips1 dipp$ 9 blood6 ,:at a    
treat to see true  colors--r$s1 blues1  
gre5s1 ! art ( /a9$ glass6    ,"o is q  
tak5 aback be=e ^! fl[]s1 9 :i* nature  
has  express$ m ?an "o c compreh5d4 ,x  
imp>ts t great my/]y  :i* is beyond u & 
signifies ! pres5ce ( ,god4    ,h[      
magnific5t ! fl[] becomes z its y\?     
passes6    ,ev5 ! fl[]s h _! sett+ sun4 
,my b\quet is always ! same1 yet ,i nev]
 cease to look at x4    ,a :irlw9d1 a v 
cyclone1 ?is tulip has p]i%$ 9 ! /orm4  
,l  ! wife ( ,lot1 x is possess$ ( fe>4 
,?is "o is op51 all aflame l a burn+    
bu%4 ,t "o1 all  di%evel$1 comes t[>d   
me4 ,full ( ardor1 x spr+s up1 its      
petals  /rong & exp&+1 l a m\? curl+    
=w>d4    ,! viol5ce ( passion 9 fl[]s is
 pron\nc$4 ,ah1 ! s(tness (  love is    
f\nd only 9 wom56    ,great arti/s1 curb
 y\r curiosity1 neglect ! pleasures :i* 

(f]  !mselves to y1 s t y may bett]     
und]/& ! secrets ( ,god4          ,,iii 
,,portraits ,,( ,,wom5           ,rod9's
 bu/s ( wom5 are p]haps ! mo/ *>m+ "p ( 
8 "w4 ,b to say ?is is almo/ a          
sacrilege1 an affront to !       grace (
 ! small gr\ps t1 9 ?is giant's "w1 sw>m
 ab\t       ! sup]ior figures4 ,b we ne$
 n se>* too f> into ?is or       yield  
to ! p$antic mania = classify+ to dea?4 
,let u r       look at !m )\t trans=m+ !
 joy ( admiration into !       labor (  
catalogu+1 & give ourselves up :olly to 
! pleasure       ( see+ & und]/&+4      
,yes1 ^! portraits ( wom5 are ! graceful
 aspect ( ?is       "w ( p[]4 ,!y are ! 
a*ievem5ts ( a =ce :i* kn[s       its   
own /r5g?1 & "h relaxes 9 c>esses4 ,if  
"s among !m       di/urb ! _s1 mo/ ( !m 
%$ ^u u a calm enjoym5t1       !        
delightful security t "o brea!s among   
all-p[]ful       be+s t wi% to be       
graci\s4 ,!y allay ! s5se ( unre/       
ar\s$ 9 u by ^? dramas 9 m>ble & bronze 
:i* a p[]ful       intellect has        

conceiv$--t m9d f :i* sprang ,! ,burgh]s
       ( ,calais1 ! two monum5ts to     
,victor ,hugo1 ,! ,t[] ( ,labor1       t
 imag9ation1 gl[+ l a =ge1 :i* produc$  
,! ,gate (       ,hell1 ! ,s>mi5to      
monum5t1 ! /atue ( ,balzac4         ,"h 
,rod9's art ext5ds to ! utmo/ conf9es ( 
grace4 ,he       has contriv$ to discov]
 ! mo/ delicate secrets ( nature4       
,he models ! petals ( ! lips j z nature 
curls ! frail       sub/ance ( !        
rose-leaf4 ,by imp]ceptible gradations  
he       atta*es ! delicate membranes ( 
! eyelids to ! angle (       ! temples j
 z nature 9 spr+time atta*es ! leaves to
 !       r\gh b>k ( trees4              
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,brok5 ,,lily4       
,great ?9k]s nev] cease to be mov$ by ! 
*>m (       weakness4 ,! et]nal fem99e  
is j t1 ! p[] ( grace       ov] ! manly 
s\l4 ,! /ronge/ feel ?is attraction mo/1
 are       mo/ possess$ ) ! desire (    
express+ x4 ,i am ?9k+ (       ,hom]1   
,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,%aksp]e1 ,balzac1   
,wagn]1 & ,rod9 9       say+ ?is4 ,!y h 

creat$ a fem99e _w1 ! figures (         
:i*1 lov+ly copi$ f liv+ models1 become 
models 9 turn4       ,!y haunt ?\s&s (  
s\ls1 fa%ion !m 9 _! image4 ,9 h]       
complicat$ ways1 ,nature avails h]self (
 ! arti/ to modify !       human type4  
,we h "s t]ra-cotta figures ( ,rod91    
model$ :5 he 0       betwe5 tw5ty-five &
 ?irty1 :ile work+ at ! manufactory     
at ,svres1 9 ! /udio ( ,c>ri]-,belleuse1
 t accompli%$       sculptor4 ,!y are   
*>m+ little bu/s1 ) ! p]fume (       !  
eighte5? c5tury brea?+ f !m1 treat$ a   
little 9       ! mann] ( ,c>peaux1 ) !  
velvety %ad[ ( _! black       eyes on _!
 sp>kl+ faces4 ,"o ( !m1 n[ 9 a private 
gall]y 9 ,new ,york1 has a hat on its   
head1 coquetti%1 t5d]1       innoc5tly  
provocative2 x is full ( ,p>isian       
allurem5t because       x is            
*>act]i/ically ,fr5*4 ,"o c f9d its     
k9dr$ among       c]ta9 ,r5aissance     
figures1 & ev5 among ! mis*iev\s faces  
( ,go?ic angels4 ,) all ?is !re is t    
ephem]al prett9ess       :i* is call$   

fa%ion1 t caprice ( /yles :i* does =    
! adornm5t ( cities :at ! fl[]s ( !     
field d = !       c\ntry4         ,if   
,rod9 _h pursu$ 8 pa? 9 ?is direction1  
he w\ld h       be5 a portrait-sculptor 
( great ta/e1 & w\ld d\btless h         
atta9$ celebrity soon]1 b a celebrity   
:i* is n glory4 ,at       t "t he 0     
*iefly conc]n$ ) copy+ ! features ( 8   
models ) all ! s5sitiv5ess ( 8          
admiration2 he did n yet       attempt  
^? l>ge effects ( light & %ade :i* 7 to 
become       ! object ( 8 :ole c>e]1 &  
are s /ill4 ,he has made !              
religion ( progress 8 own by reflective 
/udy4 ,progress is =       him ! *ief   
condition ( happ9ess4 ,pres5t-day       
philosophies       commonly put x 9     
d\bt2 b if happ9ess exi/s1 x is surely  
9 ! s\l ( ! arti/4 ,b x is recogniz$ )  
difficulty       because x is call$ by  
an equivocal "n1 ! ideal4         ,let u
 look at ! ,portrait ( ! ,arti/'s ,wife4
 ,"h1 9       ?is noble effigy1 ?is     
sev]e image ) its l[]$ eyelids1 !       

arti/ passes beyond ! promise ( 8 fir/  
p]iod4 ,! face1       r wide at !       
*eek-bones1 l5g!ns t[>d ! *91 :]e       
! sorr[ful m\? reigns4 ,x expresses     
melan*oly1 gravity1       dignity1      
,*ri/ian *>ity4 ,x is r mascul9e1 &     
seems less       y\?ful ?an ! orig9al 0 
at ! "t4 ,x is z if ! arti/       _h    
s\ght to br+ out ! "* by consci5ti\s    
model+1       )\t any s(t5+2 all !      
features are und]l9$1 z on       a face 
t has atta9$ a ripe age4 ,he _h n yet   
discov]$       ! art ( s(t5+ 8 surfaces1
 ( bl5d+ !m 9 a g5]al       tonality1 & 
( obta9+ t s(tness1 t fle% quality1 )   
all ! %ades ( y\?1 :i* t\*es ! he>t 9 8 
m rec5t       bu/s4         ,ev5 !n he  
did "k1 h[ev]1 h[ to ga!r "u !          
boldly mold$ sup]cili>y ar* ( ! br[s !  
diffus$ %ad[s       :i*1 9 ! future1 7  
to l5d my/]y & di/ance to mo/       ( 8 
portraits4 ,?is mask is all t rema9s ( a
 /&+       figure dress$ 9 ! mann] (    
,go?ic figures4 ,rod9 0 !n       liv+ 9 
,brussels1 /ill "y1 poor1 & unkn[n1 b   

happy4       ,he ta/$ ! p]fect happ9ess 
( long days ( absorb+ labor1       ( t  
en?usiasm = "w :i* no?+ di/urbs4 ,to-day
 he       sometimes ye>ns = ^? ye>s free
 f ! nev]-ceas+ bu/le       ( a         
celebrat$ man's exi/5ce1 a giant assail$
 by a ?\s&       p9-pricks4 ,yet 8      
pov]ty 0 excessive1 = ! beautiful       
/atue1 model$ dur+ successive mon?s )   
mu* love1 fell to       pieces4 ,= want 
( money1 ! sculptor _h n be5 able to h  
x ca/4         ,among 8 wom5's bu/s1 "o 
( ! mo/ fam\s & "o :i*       rema9s     
among ! mo/ beautiful is t ( ,madame    
,morla ,vicuha4       ,x dates back ab\t
 tw5ty-five ye>s1 b x is respl5d5t 9    
et]nal y\?4 ,s9ce !n ,rod9 has add$ to 8
 k &       exp]i5ce4 ,he has made       
p]sonal discov]ies 9 ! pla/ic art4      
,he has become ! ma/] ( color 9         
sculpture4 ,nev]!less1 ?is              
portrait1 z x /&s1 rema9s an adorable   
ma/]piece4 ,:o t       has look$ at its 
s(tly gleam+ m>ble 9 ! ,luxemb\rg has n 
be5 ov]come by a long dream ( t5d]ness1 

( uneasy curiosity8       ,:o has n hop$
 to make ?is woman speak1 to press h]   
he>t 9       ord] to draw f h] a        
confession ( h] desires1 ! secret (     
h] happ9ess & h] melan*oly8         ,x  
is m ?an a bu/1 x is woman h]self4      
,because !       beautiful %\ld] slips  
tremul\sly f ! heavy m\?1 :i*       lies
 aga9/ ! smoo?1 poli%$ fle%2 because ?is
 %\ld]       rises aga9 t[>d ! head1    
slightly b5t & incl9$1 z if to          
draw t[>d x "s lov$ "o2 because ! neck  
swells l t (       a dove1 & ! head is  
/ret*$ =w>d to (f] a kiss1 we seem      
to cat* a glimpse ( ! :ole body & its   
delicate curves4 ,x is       a beautiful
 bu/4 ,i %\ld l to see x alone 9 a room 
hung )       dim tape/ries1 draw+ =? its
 *>m l a long sigh1 :i*       no?+ %\ld 
di/urb4 ,?is ma/]piece dem&s ! di/9ction
 (       solitude4         ,h[          
beautifully model$ ! head is 9 its firm 
delicacy6       ,! framework ( ! n>r[   
skull appe>s "u ! texture (       hair  
fa/5$ ov] x l a ri* h&k]*ief4 ,we c     

almo/ see       ! impati5t h&1 trembl+ )
 feel+1 t has twi/$ !       firm knot "u
 ! nape ( ! neck4 ,ev]y:]e1 level ) !   
temples1 at ! bridge ( ! nose1--!       
aquil9e nose m>k+ !       ,spani>d (    
race1--?is bony framework /&s out4 ,!   
face cat*es       a fev]i% "* f x1      
tortur$ by ! long+ = intimate           
expression1 & reveals a be+ ) :om       
happ9ess bord]s closely       ^u sorr[4 
,! no/rils tremble z if to ! p]fume ( ! 
fl[]s press$ voluptu\sly aga9/ ! w>m    
bosom4 ,! m\?       is at once mobile & 
firm1 & all ! curves ( ! features       
conv]ge t[>d x--t[>d ! kiss :i* causes x
 to swell s(tly4         ,! light /eals 
g5tly into e l9e & fold ( ! face4       
,x bord]s ! eyelids1 glides "u ! br[s1  
outl9es ! bridge       ( ! nose & !     
no/rils1 emphasizes ! oppos$ ar*es (    
! lips4 ,x spreads l a spr+1 sep>at+    
into a ?\s&       /reams4 ,x is a       
network1 l ! trac]y ( ! woman's n]ves   
made visible4 ,x is z if ! sculptor & ! 
light _h begun a       dialogue--a      

dialogue kept up ) endless graces &     
coquetries4       ,he contradicts x1    
refutes x2 x escapes1 returns4 ,he ga!rs
 x       up1 z if to =ce x into ! s9u\s 
folds ( ! figure4 ,aga9       x flees1 &
 !n1 summon$ back1 x returns cauti\sly1 
& at       la/ ba!s ! /atue 9 g5]\s     
c>esses4         ,?is bu/ w live4 ,9 its
 enigmatic grace x w become       m & m 
! expression ( ! woman :o loves1 j z ,la
       ,gioconda 7,mona ,lisa7 is !     
expression ( ! woman :o is       lov$4  
,! "o is all in/9ct1 ! o!r all _s4 ,! "o
       (f]s h]self2 ! o!r promises      
h]self4 ,! "o is t5d]ness       direct$ 
t[>d ! pa/2 ! o!r smiles t[>d ! future4 
,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,madame   
,,moria ,,vicu,,ha4         ,9 ! same   
gall]y ( ! ,luxemb\rg1 !re is t o!r     
fam\s head call$ ,la ,p5se4 ,:at a      
contra/6 ,x is /rangely       b\nd )9 a 
block ( m>ble1 plac$ l a liv+ head on a 
block4 ,& yet x tells only ( ! slightly 
resign$ calm (       m$itation1 or (    
melan*oly1 )\t bitt]ness1 ( long autumn 

days1 ) _! diffus$ brilliancy4 ,!       
outl9es are firm1       regul>1 placid1 
( rem>kable mod]ation 9 _! di/9ction4 ,!
       head leans =w>d1 because ?\ght is
 a weighty matt]4 ,! br[       & ! eyes 
are ! dom9ant features4 ,on !m !        
sculptor has       focus$ all ! light n 
only 9 ! high lights1 b 9 ! /ill        
surface z well4         ,! caprice ( !  
arti/ has cov]$ ?is head ) a light      
peasant-cap4 ,?is hides ! details ( !   
hair1 & conc5trates       ! glance on ! 
face4 ,caprice expresses ! idea badly1 =
       x is ta/e & ! w ( ! arti/ t h    
direct$ all4       ,^! dreamy features  
express ! practical my/icism ( wom51    
! ef=t ( intellig5t devotion4 ,x makes  
"o ?9k ( ,/4       ,g5evive1 ( ,jeanne  
d',arc1 ( ! ov]:elm+ c\rage ( a weak    
be+ c>ri$ beyond & out ( h]self by a    
great purpose4         ,la ,p5se has !  
/rik+ "* t almo/ all !       bu/s (     
,rod9 assume 9 ! future1 & :i* !y owe on
 !       "o h& to _! int5se lifelik5ess1
 & on ! o!r to !       atmosph]e ) :i* !

 sculptor surr\nds !m4 ,!re are no      
h>d-&-fa/ limits :i* sep>ate !m f !     
circumambi5t       air2 on ! contr>y1 !y
 are ba!d 9 x4 ,! blacks1 :i*       give
 a h>d1 dry look :5 us$ to excess1 are  
h&l$ m>vel\sly4       ,! wom5's bu/s1   
especially1 almo/ />t up be=e u ) ?is   
slightly fanta/ic look ( life increas$  
t5fold1 ) ! *>m       ( phantoms (      
m>ble1 monum5tal1 & yet z light z       
beautiful       mi/s4         ,^!       
effects ( light & %ad[ p]haps h>monize  
be/ )       ! s(tness & delicacy ( !    
fem99e fle%4 ,!y convey to u            
naturally ! my/]y ( an inn] life m      
secret1 m intimate       ?an t ( man4   
,ev5 ) works t are simil>1 ! public does
 n       recognize _! common orig94 ,x  
sees ! result ( an       extraord9>y    
am\nt ( obs]vation & intellig5ce1 yet x 
does       n reflect m ?an a *ild4 ,= ! 
public ! sculptor1 :oev]       he may   
be1 is a creature ( in/9ct1 ) a tra9$   
eye & h&1       b )\t m9d & culture4 ,he
 is a sculptor1 t is all4 ,a            

common prov]b /r5g!ns ! belief 9 ?is    
la/+ folly4 ,x       may be told1 !n1 t 
! ma/] ) :om we are "h deal+            
/udies 8 models n only z a sculptor1 b z
 a writ] /udies2       t (t5 8 h& drops 
! *isel = ! p5cil1 9 ord] to       set  
d[n 8 obs]vation m exactly1 to se>* ev5 
fur!r into       nature4         ,p]haps
 ! public w at la/ grasp ! fact t ! true
       arti/1 "u p5alty ( ceas+ to be   
"o1 mu/1 above all1 exp5d       an am\nt
 ( att5tion ( :i* o!r m5 are incapable1 
& t       x is by ?is p[] ( att5tion t !
 /r5g? ( intellig5ce       is measur$4  
,= example1 ,rod9 is fac+ 8 model1 a "y 
woman /ret*$ out 9 an attitude ( repose4
 ,he writes1 & 9       8 /yle we f9d all
 ! p[] ( ! great draftsman4 ,he m>ks    
! outl9es1 he specifies ! details1      
sl[ly1 pati5tly1 )       p]t9acity4 ,he 
nev] confuses ! impression1 always s    
ready to       elude "o--! impression1 !
 div9e rew>d ( ! arti/4           99    
99       99       99       99    ,!     
dazzl+ spl5dor reveal$ to ! arti/ by !  

model t dive/s  h]self ( h] clo!s has ! 
effect ( ! sun pi]c+ ! cl\ds4  ,v5us1   
,eve1 ^! are feeble t]ms to express !   
beauty ( wom54    ,! head leans to "o   
side1 ! torso to ! o!r1 bo? incl9+      
indol5tly1 gracefully4 ,?is body has be5
 glorifi$4 ,! cont\rs  fl[1 desc5d1     
repose1 l immortality p]sonifi$4 ,!     
brea/s foll[  ! same curve4 ,! fl[+ l9es
 are all 9 ! same direction4            
,un*angeable1 heav+ above ! half-op5$   
scre5 ( ! dress1 !  brea? sc>cely lifts 
!m4 ,x does n /ir or agitate !m4    ,!  
beautiful human monum5t is balanc$ 9    
repose4 ,x is unassailable4  ,x is !    
gradation ( cont\rs4    ,i d n draw !m1 
b ,i see !m 9 place1 & my _s is cont5t1 
accu/oms itself to ! impression4 ,9     
memory ,i /ill make draw+s (  ?is model1
 & ^! mov+ l9es are repetitions1 done   
ov] aga9 a  hundr$ times2 = ,i repeat ! 
draw+ con/antly1 l a c>ess4    ,?is     
torso resigns itself1 l an ,ariadne ^:  
cont\rs melt away 9  ! ev5+1 9 ! d>k4 ,b
 ! lightn+ ( day has fla%$ !re4  ,x is  

!re always4 ,x is n[ ! pale gleam (     
fle%4 ,my m9d1 c>ri$  along1 takes ?is  
=m z its model4    ,! h&1 ! arm1 support
 ! head1 ! sidelong glance f :i*  is s  
full ( sweetness4 ,"o might call x a    
,mona ,lisa repos+4  ,?is head feels !  
ne$ ( re/+ on ! support+ h&1 a delicate 
support l ! h&le ( a vase4 ,l an urn    
ab\t to p\r out its  wat]1 its ?\ght1 x 
incl9es4    ,ly+ back on ! cu%ion1 !    
head is 9 high relief4 ,! features are  
plac$ accord+ to _! due reg>d1 :i* is ! 
v s\l ( balance4  ,x has made ! eyes    
symmetrical2 ! eyebr[s /raight2 ! nose1 
:]e  beauty & symmetry meet1 expressive 
( a :olesome con=mity4    ,:5 a woman is
 v beautiful1 %e has ! head ( a lion4 ,f
 !  lion is copi$ t spl5did regul>ity ( 
! eyes1 :i* ! oval (  ! face acc5tuates4
 ,! tawny mane is also lion-l 9 its     
regul>ity  & maje/y1 )\t any o!r        
expression4    ,ar*es are =m$ )\t ef=t (
 all ! p>ts ( ! eye4 ,! h+es  ( ! eyes  
op5 & close4 ,! op5 m\? keeps back nei!r
 !  ?\ghts nor ! words t h be5 spok54   

,!re is no ne$ = h]  to speak4 ,h] age1 
h] ?\ghts1 all is a confession "h--!    
features1  ! ar* ( ! frank1 noble m\?1 z
 well z ! =m ( ! nose &  ! s5sitive     
no/rils4    ,& ?is infantile glance "u a
 woman's eyelid6 ,our s\l dem&s  t1 by  
an agreem5t ) ! heav5s1 ! fem99e glance 
%\ld be  cele/ial4    ,illu/ration3 ,,la
 ,,p5s,e4    ,h[ ,i ba! 9 ! calm beauty 
( ^! eyes1 ) _! regul>  draw+6 ,h[ !y   
!mselves decl>e _! tranquil joy6        
,sometimes eyes  l ^! seem to be        
inhabit$ by spirits4 ,!y close1 & ,i see
 !  horizontal la%es1 ! l[] lid1 :i* j  
re/s aga9/ ! upp]4 ,i  see z a :ole !   
s(t oval ( ^! long eyes1 ! d\ble circle 
(  ! lids !mselves1 & ! circle b5ea?1 s 
mode/ n[1 b :i*  "o calls ! circle (    
love4    ,! eyeball 9 mov+ %[s ! cle>   
pupil1 & all ab\t x press !  circles ( !
 delicate lids4 ,! s\l f9ds a refuge 9  
^! secret  hid+-places1 & ?r[s out its  
circles ( attraction l a lasso4  ,?is   
s5su\s s\l is ! s\l ( beautiful         
portraits4    ,! *eeks curve aga9/ !    

socket ( ! eye2 ! d\ble ar* ( !  br[s   
prolongs itself beh9d !m4 ,! surface ( !
 *eeks ext5ds to  ! extremity ( ! nose1 
=ms a d\ble depression by ! s9k+ (  !   
*eek1 :i* gr[s holl[ t[>d ! convex lip1 
& surr\nds !  m\? & ! two lips4 ,^!     
facial l9es & surfaces all /op at !  *91
 t[>d :i* all ! curves conv]ge4    ,!   
facial expressions proce$ f1 spread1 &  
move 9 ano!r circle4  ,!y all disappe> 9
 ! *eeks1 j z d ! movem5ts ( ! m\?4  ,"o
 curve passes d[n f ! e> to ! m\?2 a    
small curve draws  back ! m\? & also !  
nose a little4 ,a circle passes "u !    
nose1 ! *91 to ! *eekbones2 a deep      
curve1 :i* />ts back to  ! *eekbone1    
cuts 9 a small holl[ to ! eyebr[4 ,!    
features are  di/9ct2 b :5 !y move1 !y  
m]ge into "o ano!r4 ,! smile  passes ov]
 ! face by a circle def9+ ! m\?4 ,! edge
 ( !  m\? is def9$ by a mezzot9t at !   
po9t ( union4    ,! loose hair surr\nds 
! *eek1 & ! head seems l a gold5  fleece
 on a di/aff4 ,x hangs l loos5$ g>l&s4  
,h[ beautifully  ^! g>l&s ( hair are    

arrang$1 ) ! pr(ile 9 a ?ree-qu>t]      
view1 /&+ out aga9/ ! f9e1 tawny hair6  
,! impressive h>mony  betwe5 ! fle% & ! 
hair6 ,!y seem altoge!r 9 accord2 !y    
l5d ea* o!r languor & *>m2 !y are unit$ 
& sep>at$ at !  same "t4 ,^! droop+     
clu/]s ( *e/nut-blond hair are a frame4 
,"o might call !m long fl[]s hang+ f !  
edge ( a vase4    ,! neck no long] holds
 erect ! head1 :i* moves 9 ec/asy4 ,x   
dr[ns itself 9 ! wavy fl[ ( hair1 :i*   
becomes undone at !  mom5t4 ,?is        
inundation ( hair1 s to speak1 :at a    
g5]aliz$  expression ( opul5ce x is6    
,be=e its beauty ,i feel imbu$ )  love4 
,i am seiz$ ) en?usiasm1 aflame ) x4    
,?is gold1 ?is dull  copp]1 is l a field
 ( gra91 a field ( corn1 :]e ! %eaves   
are  ( gold b\nd toge!r4 ,^! %eaves1    
slightly disord]$ 9 _!  l5g!n+ curves1  
turn+ 9 all directions1 imitate ! tone (
  subdu$ fle% t9ts4    ,9 ?is veil1     
transp>5t & color$ l a dead leaf1 ! e>  
is  hidd5 9 %ad[1 :]e ! hair flies back 
at r&om 9 /r&s1 twi/s  ab\t1 & returns4 

,o head1 beautiful ornam5t1 droop+ aga9/
 ! edge ( ! c\* l  a lovely motive 9    
ar*itecture at ! edge ( a console1 y    
express  ! prolong$ weakness ( a lovely 
languor6 ,! %\ld] ext5ds its  beautiful 
curve be=e ! face1 re/+ on its side2 !  
l9e rises1  passes ne> ! nose1 desc5ds1 
& %[s ! r$ l9e ( ! m\?1  j z ! bees     
cont9ually ent] & g out ( ! op5+ ( !    
hive4 ,! face turns1 b ! eye returns to 
me1 passes by me1 & aga9  gazes ^u me4  
,9 x !re is ! s(tness ( ! dog's eye1 a  
_s :i* becomes  motionless :5 ! tyranny 
( passion has disappe>$4 ,:5 passion is 
9 control1 %e sucks l a vampire t       
delicate fle%1 :i* is !  model ( calm1 !
 exquisite rema9d] ( calm4    ,?is cr[n 
( beauty is n made = "o woman alone1 b =
 all wom54  ,!y d n "k x1 & yet all 9   
turn atta9 ?is beauty1 z a fruit  rip5s4
 ,?is calm is m pot5t 9 !m ?an 9 ! mo/  
beautiful  /atues4 ,!y are unaw>e ( x1 &
 ! m5 :o are ne> !m are  unaw>e ( x     
also4 ,!y h n be5 taught to admire4 ,!y 
h n  be5 educat$ 9 ! sci5ce (           

admiration4    ,:51 9 ! gall]ies ( !    
,l\vre1 magnific5t rooms :]e are  ga!r$ 
! collections ( antiques1 day ent]s     
?r\gh ! w9d[s  & lightly t\*es ^!       
beautiful sculptures :i* are ! adornm5t 
( great palaces1 d !y und]/& any bett]8 
,d !y realize !  collaboration betwe5 ! 
sculptor & ! light8    ,illu/ration3    
,,hotel ,,biron4 ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,g>d54 
,,iv    ,,an ,,arti/',s ,,day           
,! resid5ce ( ,rod91 ! ,htel ,biron1 is 
situat$ at !       extreme end ( ! rue  
de ,v>5ne1 9 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,g]ma94     
,! long /raight /reet is l9$ on bo?     
sides ) old mansions       t l5d a      
di/9ctive nobility to ?is di/rict (     
,p>is4 ,!       /reet is solemn1 ! quiet
 au/]e4 ,only r>ely a c>riage rumbles   
by4 ,l ! tide ( a riv]1 ! air sweeps d[n
 ?is /reet f       ! ,b\lev>d des       
,invalides1 :i* at its o!r end op5s ^u !
       ,esplanade des ,invalides1 l a   
great lake4         ,n[ & !n "o cat*es  
glimpses ( ! spaci\s c\rts1 !           
/eps1 ! p]i/yles1 & ! ornate1 b at !    

same "t simple1       p$im5ts4 ,mo/ ( ^!
 mansions 71 & _m ( !m /ill are1        
inhabit$ by families associat$ ) !      
hi/ory ( ,france4         ,! nor!rn     
faade ( ! ,htel ,biron & ! c\rty>d      
?r\gh :i* "o ent]s are hidd5 beh9d a    
high conv5t wall1 =       9 ! n9ete5?   
c5tury ! old resid5ce ( ! ,duc de ,biron
       0 trans=m$ into a religi\s s*ool 
( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t4 ,!re       ! daught]s 
( ! ari/ocracy 7 educat$4 ,9 consequ5ce 
(       ! law ( #aijd relat+ to !       
religi\s ord]s1 ! mansion 0             
vacat$1 & tak5 possession ( by ! /ate1  
:i* r5t$ x 9       ap>tm5ts4 ,rod91 ev] 
9 se>* ( old build+s1 9 :i* alone       
he c ?9k & "w 9 com=t1 soon became ! ma9
 t5ant4         ,to r+ ! bell "o mu/    
rea* high4 ,) difficulty "o       turns 
! h&le ( ! door1 :i* sw+s sl[ly4 ,x is a
 portal       made = coa*es to pass     
?r\gh4 ,"u its monum5tal ar* "o         
seems z insignificant z an insect4 ,to !
 "r ( ! c\rt is       ! old *apel ( !   
religi\s community4 ,its somb] "*       

/&s out aga9/ ! neighbor+ secul>        
build+s4 ,! cold       /yle ( ,*>les ,x1
 9 :i* x is built1 =ms a /range contra/ 
to ! *>m+ /ructure ( ,jacques ,gabriel1 
! celebrat$ arti/       :o 9 ! eighte5? 
c5tury end[$ ,p>is ) _m works ( art1    
among o!rs ?is pavilion ( ! rue de      
,v>5ne1 ! ,htel ,biron4                 
,nev]!less1 _h x n be5 = ,rod91 ?is     
build+ w\ld h       be5 torn d[n4       
,x is a va/ mansion1 extremely simple1 &
 built on !       l9es ( an elongat$    
squ>e4 ,its great *>m is due :olly to   
its       correct proportions & to !    
grace & v>iety ( its beautiful1         
tall w9d[s1 "s /raight1 o!rs r\nd$1 &   
surm\nt$ by an       inconspicu\s       
ornam5t1 ! signature ( ! arti/4 ,all (  
!m       are enliv5$ by little squ>es ( 
glass1 :i* are to a w9d[       :at !    
facets are to a diamond4         ,!     
spaci\s ve/ibule is pav$ ) black & :ite 
m>ble1       its ceil+ support$ by six  
/rong columns4 ,a *>m+ /one             
/aircase rises "h4 ,all is 9 ! /yle (   

,l\is ,,xv1 a /yle t       is dignifi$  
:5 x is n delightfully elegant &        
coquetti%4         ,! h\se 0 to be torn 
d[n1 & sold z junk2 b ,rod9       0 on  
gu>d4 ,ev] s9ce he _h le>n$ t ?is       
ma/]piece 0       condemn$ 8 he>t _h    
bl$1 & = ! fir/ & only "t 9       !     
c\rse ( 8 long exi/5ce an outside int]e/
 took him       f 8 "w4 ,he wrote       
lett]s1 took legal /eps1 call$ to       
8 assi/ance arti/s1 p ( culture1 & m5 9 
politics4       ,m4 ,clm5ceau1 !n       
presid5t ( ! cab9et2 ,m4 ,bri&1 :o      
succe$$ him2 ,m4 ,gabriel ,hanotaux1 "o 
( 8 great fri5ds2       ,m4             
,duj>d9-,beaumetz1 "u-secret>y ( /ate ( 
f9e arts1       all li/5$ to 8          
indefatigable plead+4 ,f9ally 8 plea 0  
he>d1 & ! ,htel ,biron 0 classifi$ z a  
hi/orical monum5t1       h5ce=?         
inviolate4 ,!n ! speculators _h to ab&on
 _!       idea ( fill+ ! p>k ) hide\s   
mod]n /ructures1 & (       disfigur+ 9  
six mon?s ?is unique ,qu>ti] des        
,invalides1 to       con/ruct :i* !     

ar*itects _h giv5 ye>s ( "w & all       
_! intellig5ce4         ,rod9's admir]s 
soon conceiv$ ! idea ( conv]t+ !        
,htel ,biron into a museum = ! ma/]'s   
works1 :i* !y       pl$g$ !mselves to   
def5d ) a t5acity equal to t :i*        
,rod9 _h j display$4           99       
99       99       99       99         ,i
 knock at ! door ( ! /udio & rapidly    
pass ?r\gh       two l>ge rooms conta9+ 
no furniture1 only bu/s ( bronze &      
gr\ps ( m>ble4 ,:5 ,i ent] ! /udy1 ,rod9
 is n "h2 ,i       glance ab\t4 ,all !  
details ( ?is room are famili> to me1 b 
!y always seem new1 because ev]y?+ is 9 
h>mony "h1 ) a       h>mony :i* v>ies   
accord+ to ! day & ! h\r4         ,x is 
a morn+ 9 spr+4 ,! bright light %$s its 
rays       on ! v>i\s antiquities t !   
ma/] has assembl$ "h3       ,empire     
*airs1 ) fad$ velvet cov]+s2 a ,l\is    
,,xiv arm-*air       ( gild$ wood &     
*]ry-color$ silk1 9 :i* "o might fancy  
,molire seat+ himself to *at ) ,rod91   
:o1 ev] ready z he       is ) a bit (   

raill]y1 w\ld surely n h fail$ 9        
rep>tee4         ,on a r\nd table !re is
 a ,p]sian mat]ial1 & "s       ,japanese
 vases fill$ ) tulips & anemones4 ,on ! 
mantelpiece       are bronzes f ! f>    
,ea/ & a /atuette ( porcela9 9          
m>vel\s blues t ,rod9 calls 8 ,*9ese    
,virg94 ,on !       walls1 close toge!r 
l ! /ones 9 a mosaic1 are _m ( !        
ma/]'s wat]-colors4 ,_! well-*os5 tones 
h>monize ) &       int5sify ^? ( !      
fl[]s1 ! fabrics1 & ! c]amics (         
bygone days4         ,scatt]$ p$e/als   
support huge bronze bu/s1 :i* call to   
m9d w>riors ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & "s     
unf9i%$ pieces4 ,!y       consi/ ( small
 gr\ps t1 "u ! eye ( ! ma/]1 seem to    
gr[ out ( ! :ite m>ble1 & 9 ! gold5     
sunlight look z       s(t z sn[4        
,on ?is table1 :]e ,rod9 takes 8 meals &
 writes1 is a       ,greek m>ble1 a     
little torso )\t arms or legs2 ,i "k x  
well1       = he %[$ x to me :ile       
murmur+ words ( admiration4 ,?is is     
8 late/ passion4         ,i ent] ! g>d51

 :]e he is enjoy+ a mom5t ( re/1 =      
he has be5 work+ a long :ile4 ,ow+ to 8 
habits z a good       workman1 he rises 
at five e morn+4         ,i pass ?r\gh  
"o ( ! big doors :i* op5 ^u ! p>k4      
,! beautiful view always captivates me  
anew4 ,! light1 ! air1       ! expanse (
 sky1 ! magnific5t gr\ps ( trees1 ?is   
ru/ic       solitude 9 ! he>t ( ,p>is1  
take "o by surprise1 inspire &          
elevate ! _s4 ,rod9 is "h1 smil+ & 9    
good humor4         ,we are on ! t]race 
t ov]looks ! expanse ( gre5       & =ms 
a sort ( slant+ p$e/al = ! pavilion4    
,bel[       /ret*es a broad alley1 almo/
 an av5ue1 ov]gr[n ) a ri*       c>pet (
 grass & moss1 :i* loses itself 9 !     
di/ant wood4       ,fruit-trees1 gr[+   
wild1 =m imp5etrable scre5s on bo? sides
       ( ?is alley4         ,! gr&eur ( 
?is p>k is l>gely due to ! age ( !      
trees4 ,/epp+ to ! edge ( ! balu/rade1  
,i c see t[>d !       "r ! dome ( !     
,invalides1 /&+ alone1 outl9$ aga9/     
! sky1 l a burgrave on gu>d "u a helmet 

( gold4    ,illu/ration3 ,,rod9         
,,photograph$ ,,9 ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,!    
,,hotel ,,biron4         ,! nor!rn faade
 ( ! pavilion has a sev]e "*4       ,x  
is ! faade :i* visitors & pass]s-by see1
 & = ?is       an elegant simplicity    
suffices4 ,b ?is o!r side1 ba!d 9       
! midday sun1 is meant = fri5ds4 ,all ! 
delicate spl5dor       t ! ar*itect     
conceiv$ is express$ 9 ^! /ones4 ,?is   
sculptur$ p$im5t1 ?is balcony ) its     
console ( fl[]s1 &       ! graceful     
w9d[s1 ) _! semicircul> transoms1 are   
models       ( elegance4 ,! ,htel ,biron
 is n l>ge1 b x is impos+4 ,!           
blockheads :o inhabit$ x dur+ ! la/     
c5tury1 bl9d to its       beauty1 deaf  
to its appeal1 demoli%$ & sold !        
wr\ght-iron       balu/rades ( ! w9d[s1 
balconies1 & /aircases1 b !y       7 n  
able1 ?ank ,heav56 to de/roy its innate 
beauty4         ,let u g to "w1 said    
,rod94 ,i g back to ! /atues2           
,rod9 beg9s to draw4 ,9 a little :ile he
 w model4 ,dur+ 8       ha/y lun*eon he 

has ! little ,greek torso plac$ be=e    
him1 &       he makes notes all ! :ile4 
,true g5ius is z *angeable z nature4 ,x 
f9ds z _m ways       ( express+ its     
ideals z x f9ds subjects4 ,b :at always 
rema9s ! same is ! desire to be s9c]e4  
,yet ! arti/1 )       ! be/ ( int5tions1
 is (t5 ! victim ( 8 own s9c]ity4       
,rod9 is no exception to ?is rule1 = ev5
 he has _h 8       portraits reject$4   
,!re is no resemblance6 p decl>e1       
:ile1 on ! contr>y1 ! resemblance is too
 true4 ,) 8 ke5       insight he        
p5etrates too f> beyond ! m]e fle% ( !  
model4       ,p are fright5$ at see+ _! 
hidd5 p]sonality br\ght       to ! light
 ( day1 are tak5 aback at be+ compell$  
to "k       !mselves4 ,!y consid] !     
sculptor indiscreet & dang]\s4          
,if1 9 8 portraits ( m51 he pries to _! 
v s\ls1       if he reveals )\t pity ^? 
( 8 own sex1 8 equals1 8                
companions 9 life's /ruggle1 9 8        
portraits ( wom5 he is       discreet & 
respectful4 ,) delicacy he unfolds _!   

delicate       my/]y4 ,he does n say    
any?+ :i* is n true1 b frequ5tly        
he does n express ! :ole tru?4 ,g5ius is
 ev] 9 quiet       complicity )         
womanhood1 & leaves x 9 t half-obscurity
       :i* is its greate/ p[]4          
,9 ! bu/ be=e u ( ,mrs4 ,x---- 1 "o     
wond]s :at he       refra9$ f express+4 
,surely nei!r ! unusual beauty ( !      
woman nor h] air z ( an ar*du*ess4      
,i rememb] ! day :5 ,i saw ?is bu/ = !  
fir/ "t4       ,x 0 9 ! ,salon1 plac$ at
 ! head ( a high /aircase4 ,!           
m>ble 0 brilliant4 ,some?+ regal & also 
lovable attract$       ^? :o came t[>d  
x4 ,respl5d5t 9 beauty1 ! %\ld]s        
em]ge f ! folds ( a wrap ) ! pr\d grace 
( "o :o is       to ! manor born4 ,!    
small1 well-%ap$ head1 support$ by !    
plump1 ?\gh delicate1 neck1 is half     
turn$ to ! slightly rais$       left    
%\ld]4 ,! hair is drawn up high to =m a 
cr[n1 ?r[+       =w>d "s light /r&s t %$
 _! s(t %ad[s ov] !       =ehead1 l a   
?at*+ ( moss4 ,! beautiful eyebr[s1 too1

       l5d my/]y to ! glance ( ! eyes1 s
 full ( sweetness &       und]/&+4 ,!   
small e> is p>tly hidd5 "u ! waves (    
! well-groom$ hair4 ,! l9es ( delicate  
symmetry :i* run       f ! *9 to ! e>1 &
 f ! e> to ! %\ld]1 & !       coronet ( 
hair1 give ! bu/ its di/+ui%$ look (    
race4         ,"h we see1 too1 !        
firmness ( beautiful fle%1 h>d5$ by     
ex]cise1 radiat+ t _s ( joy\s life t    
spr+s f       a ?or\ghly heal?y body1 z 
we feel x 9 "s ( ! ,tanagra             
figur9es4 ,! quiet res]ve :i* /amps !   
ref9$ ,anglo-,saxon       is reveal$1 b 
n ov]acc5tuat$4 ,! nose is /raight &    
slightly rais$ at ! tip1 ! m\? frank &  
regul>4 ,^?       same *ang+ %ad[s :i*  
beautify fl[]s1 :5 ! sun /rikes       !m
 ?r\gh ! leaves ( a tree1 play ov] ?is  
c\nt5ance1 &       ba! x 9 a v>iety (   
delicate tones f ! eyes to ! *94        
,b b5ea? ?is placid beauty !re is a     
re/less s\l eag] to       act1 to       
express its goodness4 ,! *9 & ! ?roat   
reta9 _!       look ( y\?1 ev5 ( some?+ 

*ildlike = ^? :om %e       loves2 b !   
?\ghtful br[ is slightly wr9kl$1 z if f 
!       intellig5t se>* = happ9ess4     
,?is bu/1 almo/ ,greek 9 its simplicity1
 is "o ( ! mo/       purely beautiful t 
has come f ,rod9's h&s4         ,:5 we  
note ! facility ) :i* ^! works are      
produc$1       seem+ly a natural gr[?1 l
 v9tage & h>ve/2 :5 we       contemplate
 ^! fruits ( k1 we are too apt to       
ov]look       ! labori\s ef=ts involv$1 
& to =get t a life has       be5 giv51  
drop by drop1 to a*ieve ?is result 9    
small /eps       ( progress4 ,ev5 :5 we 
"k all ?is1 we (t5 pref] to give       !
 cr$it to ext]nal causes1 :i* appeal m  
/rongly to our       sup]ficial m9ds1 r 
?an to t endless pati5ce t is1       &  
always w be1 ! secret ( g5ius4          
,i wat*$ ,rod9 model ! head ( ,hanako1 !
 ,japanese       actress4 ,he rapidly   
model$ ! :ole 9 ! r\gh1 z he does       
all 8 bu/s4 ,8 ke5 eye & 8 exp]i5c$ ?umb
 enable him       to e/abli% ! exact    
dim5sions at ! fir/ sitt+4 ,!n !        

detail$ "w ( model+ beg9s4 ,! sculptor  
is n satisfi$ to       mold ! mass 9 its
 app>5t outl9es only4 ,) absolute       
accuracy       he slices (f "s clay1    
cuts (f ! head ( ! bu/1 & lays x        
upside d[n on a cu%ion4 ,he !n makes 8  
model lie on a c\*4         ,b5t l a    
vivisector ov] 8 subject1 he /udies !   
/ructure ( ! skull se5 f above1 ! jaws  
view$ f bel[1       & ! l9es :i* jo9 !  
head to ! ?roat1 & ! nape (       ! neck
 to ! sp9e4 ,!n he *isels ! features ) !
 po9t       ( a p5-knife1 br++ out !    
recesses ( ! eyelids1 !       no/rils1 !
 curves ( ! m\?4 ,yet = =ty ye>s ,rod9 0
       accus$ ( n kn[+ h[ to f9i%6      
,) great joy he said "o day1 ,i a*iev$ a
 ?+ to-day       :i* ,i _h n previ\sly  
atta9$ s p]fectly--! commissure (       
! lips4         ,9 mak+ a bu/ ,rod9     
takes num]\s clay impressions1          
accord+ to ! rate ( progress4 ,9 ?is way
 he c rev]t to !       impression ( !   
previ\s day1 if ! la/ pose 0 n good1 or 
if1 9 ! language ( ! trade1 he has      

ov]work$ 8 mat]ial4       ,?us "o may   
see five1 six1 or ev5 eight simil> heads
 9 8       /udio1 ea* ) a diff]5t       
expression4         ,hanako did n pose l
 o!r p4 ,h] features 7       contract$ 9
 an expression ( cold1 t]rible rage4 ,%e
 _h !       look ( a tig]1 an expression
 ?or\ghly =eign to our ,occid5tal       
c\nt5ances4 ,) ! =ce ( w :i* ! ,japanese
 display 9       ! face ( dea?1 ,hanako 
0 enabl$ to hold ?is look = h\rs4       
,little by little1 "u ! sculptor's f+]s1
 ! mask (       clay reflect$ all ?is4  
,x cri$ out rev5ge )\t m]cy1 !          
?ir/1 = blood4 ,a baffl+ contra/ ?is--! 
_s ( a wild       bea/ appe>+ on ! human
 c\nt5ance4         ,i h "o ( ^! /udies 
be=e me n[4 ,x has be5 ca/       9 a    
composition ( color$ glass1 & ! vivid   
fle% color+       l5ds reality to ! "w4 
,?is mask is n disfigur$ by rage4 ,!    
bloodless head1 ) its fix$ />e1 lies on 
a :ite cu%ion1 &       no "o escapes its
 disquiet+ influ5ce4 ,"s p %udd]        
:5 !y see x4 ,"o might ?9k x ! head ( a 

dead p]son1       !y say4               
,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,mrs4     
,x----4         ,:5ev] ,i ent] ! spaci\s
 room ,i am irresi/ibly drawn       t[>d
 x4 ,my feel+s are diff]5t e "t1 b      
always !re       is a feel+ ( uneas9ess4
 ,i _c say t x resembles dea?2       on 
! contr>y1 x is s lifelike t x is almo/ 
sup]natural4       ,"o might call x a   
condemn$ p]son1 a be+ s t]rifi$ by !    
approa* ( dea? t all ! blood has ru%$ to
 ! he>t4 ,x       is a _s froz5 ) fe>1 !
 eyes look+ t[>d ! unkn[n1       ! l>ge 
no/rils sc5t+ dea?4 ,! bulg+ =ehead1 !  
high1       ,mongolian *eek-bones1 & !  
flat nose make ! face /ill m            
s+ul>4 ,all ! l9es ( ! face run t[>d !  
m\?1 ) its       rem>kable expression4  
,ob/9ate1 al?\gh conqu]$1 x w draw      
its la/ brea? )\t a cry4                
,mean:ile life seems to ?rob 9 e cell4  
,?is head1 s       l a be+ t has be5 put
 to dea?1 has ! s(t1 pliant fle%       (
 a ripe fruit4         ,at night ,i     
return to look at x by ! light ( a c&le4

       ,x looks entirely diff]5t4 ,!    
%ad[s v>y z ,i move !       c&le1 & !   
features gr[ mobile4 ,h[ g5tle & t\*+ x 
seems n[6 ,x is no long] blood?ir/y &   
savage2 t exotic       expression :i*   
repell$ me has q disappe>$4 ,^!         
features1       express+ ! inn]mo/ self 
"u a /ress ( emotions1 reveal a         
poor creature t has lov$ & suff]$4 ,x is
 a pitiable face       t has be5 mold$  
by life4 ,i h se5 t same sad1 tir$      
expression ( angui% 9 "o ^: :ole /r5g?  
is gone1 b :o       /ill makes an ef=t  
to und]/& mis=tune 9 ord] to /rive      
aga9/ x4 ,i h se5 x on my "m's face :5  
"o ( u 0       ill4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,a     
,,morn+ ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d5    ,x is /ill    
night2 ! dawn is j break+4 ,i op5 my    
w9d[ to let  ! refre%+ air drive away my
 dr[s9ess4 ,f ! end ( ! g>d51  9 !      
und]bru%1 & n[ all ab\t me1 ,i he> mu*  
lively *irp+4 ,x  tells ( ! bless+ (    
love1 ( spr+time4    ,x is almo/ day4 ,!
 blackbird has end$ 8 sc5e ( love2 no "o

 0  ab\t :5 he sang 8 song ( spr+ &     
h>mony4 ,! fl[]s li/5$1  & blossom$ at !
 call ( ?is unse5 ,orpheus4 ,! air is   
lad5 )  mi/y melodies4 ,^! songs d n    
di/urb ! sil5ce2 !y are "p  ( x4 ,lat]  
we %all /ill he> ! happy call ( birds1 b
 no long]  ^! songs ( love t proclaim ! 
et]nal reign ( our "m e>?4    ,n[ is !  
"t = sighs ( happ9ess2 ! fl[]s          
consecrate  !mselves to ! beautify+ (   
,demet]1 goddess ( ! "u-_w4  ,orpheus   
se>*es = ,eurydice2 he calls h]1 & 8    
notes break !  h>moni\s sil5ce4    ,i   
mu/ ba! my br[s 9 ! vague mi/1 9 !      
fragrance ( ! e>?1  9 ! light ( ! dawn+ 
day4 ,spaci\s room1 ,i leave y4 ,i %all 
return to y to "w1 = "h only h ,i kn[n  
complete sil5ce4    ,i hurry into !     
g>d51 :]e ,i f9d inspir+ fre%ness4 ,i _h
 look$  =w>d to x2 my :ole body 0 await+
 x4 ,a spr\t+ twig proclaims  ! fullness
 ( life4 ,i am fre$ f ! memory (        
ye/]day1 born anew  = all ! seasons to  
come4 ,9 ! palais ?\ghts are m subdu$  &
 mode/1 cont5t to be b\nd$ by ! spl5did 

proportions ( !  ap>tm5ts--proportions t
 are correct1 b no?+ m4    ,! flight (  
"t is m>k$ by ! song ( ! blackbird1 &1 z
 9  ,moz>t's music1 "o _c q def9e :5ce  
its *>m spr+s4 ,x  is ev]y:]e1 to ! "r1 
to ! left4 ,t voice seems to pi]ce      
?r\gh ! gaps & holl[s ( ! wood1 = n[ "o 
he>s x z an  e*o1 n[ z a solo1 at ! f>!/
 end ( ! wood4    ,my flight ( /eps is  
my place = reflection1 my salle de pas  
p]dus4#a ,at ! foot ( ! /eps ! v]dant   
c>pet1 s[n )  little />s ( gre51 /ret*es
 out4 ,x might be an old ,arabian       
mat]ial or a ri* m>ble4 ,bits ( e>? are 
to be se5 9 delicate gray  pat*es4 ,!   
%ad[ ( night /ill en%r\ds ! g>d5 9 a    
cl\dy  veil4 ,9 ! di/ance1 outl9$ aga9/ 
! horizon1 are ! bleak walls  ( h\ses1 l
 huge /ones4 ,ab\t me /ret*es t enorm\s 
,babylon1  t ,p>is :]e my tir$ n]ves    
relax1 :]e ! sub/ance ( my life  is     
wov51 :]e my he>t has f\nd appreciation 
& no reproa*1 &  :]e my m9d1 imbu$ ) !  
true k ( life1 has taught my  s\l !     
graci\s lesson ( submission4    ,?is    

broad1 beautiful lane is l a ,corot1 &  
recalls 8 nymphs4  ,! b>e trees look l  
limbs4 ,a bright c>pet ( turf moi/5s _! 
roots4 ,n[ a rabbit runs by4 ,9 !       
di/ance ! c>riages rumble l  artill]y4  
,?is is a fitt+ haunt = fauns1 _! ru/ic 
arbor4  ,! trees s]ve z a ro(1 _! gre5  
%oots melt+ into ! sky4  ,! fre%ness (  
new life is ev]y:]e1 & little           
exclamations (  admiration spr+ f e     
creature4    ,) ?is univ]sal y\? new    
?\ghts are born4 ,9 ?is delightful      
retreat "o feels t only an antique /atue
 c\ld add to its beauty4    ,! trees    
exp& ) vigor1 _! buds outl9$ aga9/ !    
sky4 ,!  re/ ( ! lane seems an av5ue (  
en*antm5t4 ,f> d[n at ! end  ,i seem to 
see happ9ess4 ,b no1 ,i am wrong3 x is n
 only 9 !  di/ance2 x is "h1 all ab\t   
me1 n[4    ,! slant+ rays ( ! sun /rike 
! trees & ! grass2 ov]  ! lane blui%    
%ad[s play4 ,! spread+ %ade ( ! trees   
falls  s(tly on ! fre% gre54 ,^? little 
da%es ( blue among ! grass  are         
=get-me-nots4 ,^? beautiful trees1 g>b$ 

only s9ce a week  ago1 trail _! lovely  
gre5 drap]ies on ! gr\nd1 :ile deta*$   
g>l&s cl+ to ! %rubs4    ,! maje/y ( y\?
 9 nature is unique2 x is *>m itself1 an
  inimitable ?+4 ,yet "s m5 ( g5ius h   
be5 able to express !  _s ( spr+4       
,illu/ration3 ,,rod9 ,,9 ,,8 ,,g>d54    
,! v s\l ( m$itation dwells 9 ?is g>d51 
9 ?is alley (  trees4 ,polyhymnia1 !    
,muse1 9 h] graceful drap]ies1 walks )  
me1  & ,i foll[ h] rev]5tly4    ,away f 
! turmoil1 ,i c =get ! con/ant hurry (  
our days4 ,h[  we all[ ourselves to be  
h>ass$6 ,rea*+ out = ev]y?+ )\t         
possess+ any?+ truly1 we d n ev5 realize
 :at treasures we h  lo/4 ,a few puffs (
 empty air are n poetry1 & see+ happ9ess
 9  ! di/ance is n enjoy+ x4 ,:at       
hurries y8 ,ah1 y\r life is out  !re1   
else:]e8 ,g1 !n2 b ,i %all rema9 "h ) ! 
antique 9  my *>m+ g>d54    ,i w sit d[n
 on ?is old /one b5*1 surr\nd$ by d5se  
%rubs4 ,!  dead wood is pil$ 9 little   
heaps4 ,! tree-tops =m a semicircle1  & 
/& out l a pan!on aga9/ ! sky4 ,!       

bran*es be> !  m>ks ( lightn+ & gr[ 9   
zigzag4 ,! sap ( ! e>? rises 9 !        
art]ies ( ! trees1 ev] ready to take "p 
9 ! great fe/ival (  spr+4    ,n[ ! *>m 
( ! alley consi/s 9 ! diff]5ces ( light 
&  %ade4 ,z ! "o /rives to advance1 !   
o!r rec$es t[>d ! dale4  ,! %ad[s       
disp]se = ! morn+1 leav+ beh9d _!       
b5efic5t  moi/ure = _! fri5ds1 ! fl[]s (
 ?is dale4    ,be=e me1 on a knoll1 /&s 
a beautiful column1 z if 9 pray]4 ,x    
seems to h sprung f ! k+dom ( ,pluto1 & 
n[1 l u1 x  /&s 9 ! bright sunlight1 a  
"p ( ! out-(-doors4    ,/one1 pure &    
beautiful mat]ial1 de/9$ = ! "w ( m51 j 
z flax is de/9$ = ! "w ( wom54 ,a gift  
sc>cely hidd5  "u ! e>?1 man has seiz$  
^u /ones ) rapture1 c>efully  draw+ !m f
 _! d>k hid+-place1 to raise !m on high 
z 9  *ur* t[]s1 mak+ !m tractable1      
trans=m+ ! crude rocks1  & appropriat+  
!m = ma/]pieces4 ,"u ! protection (     
man's  sacrilegi\s h&1 ^! /ones l5d     
beauty to our cities4 ,!y h a  t5d]     
sympa?y ) ! trees1 ! roots ( :i* jo9 _! 

own4    ,bo? h>d & s(t /ones h a place 9
 man's e/eem4 ,sculpture has  glorifi$  
!m4 ,! column is l a tree1 b simpl] ?an 
a tree1 )  a sil5t life ( its own4 ,& l 
! plants :i* cl+ ab\t x1 x  also has its
 foliage & leaves4 ,! arti/ :o conceiv$ 
! ,sph9x  made h] to be ! gu>dian (     
temples & secrets4    ,t column !re     
rises up l a druid-/one1 z ?\gh to      
conv]se  ) ! moon at night4 ,x awaits ! 
appe>ance ( man 9 ! solemn  ritual (    
night1 = 9 its imm5sity x be>s witness t
 man has  creat$ x4 ,man1 too1 has _h 8 
"p1 an ephem]al "p1 9 !  creation2 8    
idea /rives ) ! works ( ,god1 z ,israel 
/rove )  ! angel4 ,8 illum9at+ ?\ght1   
express$ 9 /one1 ar\ses ^?  :o o!rwise  
might be ins5sible to beauty4 ,! h& (   
man1 l !  h& ( ,god1 c trans=m a s\l &  
make x new4    ,my/]y 9 :i* ,i h liv$1 b
 :i* ,i und]/& only n[ t ,i am  ab\t to 
dep>t4 ,! m>vel ( x all6 ,& to ?9k t "o 
mu/ leave  x6 ,well1 t is ! lot ( all   
o!r liv+ creatures4    ,& n[ ! blue ( ! 
sky has gr[n d>k]1 )\t a %ad[1 :ile     

beauty itself has tak5 its abode 9 ^!   
av5ues ( trees4 ,n[ &  !n pass+ cl\ds   
dim ! glory ( ?is spl5did y\? ( nature1 
b  ! gre5 is brilliant ev5 9 ! %ad[4    
,high up among ! trees1 ,i  see a blue  
riv]1 ! sky1 :ile ! great cl\ds1 m\nta9s
 ( wat]1  are hang+ above to qu5* ! ?ir/
 ( ! fl[]s4      ,footnote #a3 ,salle de
 pas p]dus is ! "n giv5 to ! l>ge hall  
( ! ,g>e ,/4 ,laz>e1 ,p>is4        ,,an 
,,antique ,,fragm5t    ,tw5ty times a   
day ,i walk 9 front ( ?is little torso4 
,i br+ all my  fri5ds to see x1 = ,greek
 sculpture is ! v s\rce ( beauty4    ,:y
 am ,i surpris$ :5ev] ,i look ^u ?is    
torso8 ,i ?9k x is  because nature1 :i* 
is beh9d ?is "w ( art1 always calls =?  
new1 unlook$-= s5sations4    ,v5us1     
glori\s ,v5us1 model ( all wom51 y\r    
purity survives ev5  aft] two ?\s& ye>s4
 ,y\r *>m *>ms me--me :o h admir]s =  my
 own sculpture4 ,be=e y !y rema9 cold2 b
 ,i1 ) a _s t  sees fur!r--,i admit my  
defeat z an arti/1 my poor ability      
vani%es  be=e y\r grace4    ,=m1 z ,i   

us$ to express x1 seems a m]e illusion  
be=e !  h>moni\s /r5g? ( y\r l9es1 :i*  
embody ! v tru? (  life4 ,div9e fragm5t1
 ,i %all live by y6 ,:at days y recall  
to me6 ,p]haps ! la/ mom5ts ( ! s\l (   
,greek sculpture1  ev]-increas+ly my    
,muse4    ,?is torso %[s ! suppl5ess &  
/r5g? ( ! jo9ts4 ,x is a  summ+-up ( =m]
 ma/]pieces ( ! arti/4 ,^? endless      
/udies  t gr[ into exp]i5ce & all !     
qualities ( balance are "h  conceal$    
b5ea? ! beauty & ! graci\s inspiration (
 ! figure4  ,! inspir$ sculptor has j   
discov]$ all ^! qualities1 & 9          
appreciation has giv5 expression to !m )
 8 v s\l4    ,an antique piece (        
sculpture _c be imitat$4 ,?is torso     
seems to  h a s\l4 ,are n ! %ad[s       
trembl+ on x !re8 ,"o c see !m  move4   
,:at a progress t[>d tru? we f9d 9 !    
advance f ,assyrian &  ,egyptian to     
,greek art6 ,antique ?+s1 if we knew h[ 
to look at !m1  w\ld br+ ab\t a new     
r5aissance = u1 we :o /agnate 9 !       
,p>isian _s4 ,! ,p>isian _s1 "y ?\gh x  

is1 is already  too old to s]ve u4 ,x is
 l ^? pret5ti\s monum5ts1 ^?            
con/ructions 9 pla/]1 :i* are holl[ &   
horrible "u _!  crumbl+ /ucco4          
,greece 0 ! l& ( sculpture beyond all   
o!rs4 ,! subject (  _! sculpture 0 life4
 ,! p conceal$ x "u names &             
symbols1--,jupit]1 ,apollo1 ,v5us1 !    
fauns1--b beh9d all ^! 0  ! et]nal tru? 
( life4    ,?is torso on my table looks 
z ?\gh x _h be5 wa%$ to ! %ore  by !    
lov+ waves1 z boats are /r&$ on ! bea*  
at l[ tide4  ,:at m beautiful (f]+ c\ld 
be made to m5 & gods8 ,= is ?is  fragm5t
 n an et]nal pray]8    ,! ?\ghts        
express$ 9 ?is torso are num]\s1        
inf9ite4 ,i c\ld  write ab\t x =ev]4 ,d 
,i br+ ^! ?\ghts ) me8 ,is x ,i :o  put 
!m into ! m>ble8 ,no1 = :5 x is out ( my
 sight1 ?is  div9ity ( life vani%es f me
 at ! same "t4 ,s9ce x ceases  to be 9  
me1 x mu/ be ! fragm5t :i* possesses x4 
,x tea*es a  sculptor m ?an any pr(essor
 c\ld4 ,x :isp]s secrets to me1 &  if ,i
 am true to x1 x w tell me m & m2 x w   

trans=m  me 9 h>mony ) ! s\l ( its      
fri5d1 ! ,greek sculptor4 ,= are  n !   
?\ghts ( ,god express$ all ! _w ov]8    
,are !y n !  fruitful g]ms1 n[ gr[+ )9 a
 bra91 n[ 9 a beautiful gr\p+  ( /one1 &
 n[ captur$ by ^? magicians1 ! poets8 ,&
 are  sculptors1 too1 n l poets8    ,:]e
 c "o f9d m p]fect h>mony ?an 9 ?is     
fragm5t8 ,x is  a monum5t4 ,& is x n    
provid5tial8 ,x is only a fragm5t1 yet x
  seems to embody ! :ole ,acropolis4    
,tru?1 t la/+ joy1 fills 9  all t is    
miss+4 ,x is a fact t ?is torso1 :i*    
weighs "o  hundr$ & sixty p\nds1 seems z
 light z ! woman h]self w\ld  be1 z     
light z h] graci\s1 swell+ fle%4 ,i "k  
cont\rs1 b !  cont\rs ( a ma/]piece     
always surprise me anew4 ,:5ev] ,i see  
y1  beautiful little torso1 my eyes & my
 s\l fea/ on y4 ,ma/]piece1  y are my   
ma/]1 too4    ,if1 z !y say1 /ones h    
fall5 f heav51 ?is surely mu/ be "o  (  
!m4 ,i leave x 9 ! condition 9 :i* ,i   
f\nd x1 z x fir/  appeal$ to me1 ) all  
its *>m1 z ,i c>ri$ x 9 my arms to ?is  

table4 ,! *ang+ lights ( day mold x2 b  
,i %all n t\* x1 ,i  %all n *ange x4 ,x 
is tru? itself1 & x %9es 9 no matt] :at 
surr\nd+s4    ,?is torso has )9 x !     
s$uctiv5ess ( woman1 t g>d5 (  pleasure 
! secret *>ms ( :i* imbue old & "y alike
 ) a  t]rible p[]4 ,fem99e *>m :i*      
cru%es our de/9y1 my/]i\s  fem99e p[] t 
ret>ds ! ?9k]1 ! work]1 & ! arti/1  :ile
 at ! same "t x inspires !m--a          
comp5sation = ^? :o  play ) fire6    ,x 
is n by analysis t y w le>n to und]/&   
art1 y :o are  ignorant4 ,greek art     
eludes ! imbeciles & ignorant :o h      
always  und]valu$ x4 ,h[ c "o compreh5d 
?is beauty by m]e analysis8  ,:]e lies !
 secret ( =ce8 ,x is ev] %ift+4 ,& !    
%ad[1  s g5ially arrang$1 v>ies ) ! way 
! light /rikes x4 ,9  art1 :at d we call
 life8 ,t :i* speaks to y ?r\gh all y\r 
s5ses4 ,if ?is torso 7 to ble$1 x c\ld n
 be m lifelike4 ,!  h>mony ( its l9es   
dom9ates my s\l4 ,! s\l lives & gr[s on 
ma/]pieces4 ,t is :y we h a s\l4    ,is 
x surpris+1 !n1 t ,i live ) ^! antiques 

( m9e1 poets  f> m inspir+ ?an any ( our
 day8 ,!y h creat$ be+s t  w live to    
survive u4        ,,an ,,ev5+ ,,9 ,,!   
,,g>d5    ,i leave my exact+ "w always m
 & m its slave4 ,walk+1  because ( its  
regul>ity1 always refre%es me4 ,su* a   
walk means  a great deal to me4 ,x puts 
my n]ves into a /ate ( delightful       
tranquillity4    ,! trees are /ill b>e (
 leaves & h a w9try look4 ,at _!  base  
!re are da9ty spr\ts1 cl\ds ( gre54 ,!  
lawns are ponds (  em]ald gre54 ,! *>m (
 ?is alley is p>tly due to ! twigs &    
%oots t spr\t out ( ! gr\nd & spr+ up l 
a cl\d ( lace4    ,!re is a fa9t decl9e 
9 ?is s(t brightness1 = n[ ! sun is     
sett+4 ,! sun-god is mod]at+ 8 p[] = !  
b5efit ( !  little fl[]s :i* o!rwise    
w\ld dry up & fade4 ,?is is ! h\r  :5 ! 
sun l5ds full value to ! works ( man1 s 
t ar*itecture  /&s out 9 all its beauty1
 :ile at ! same "t ! sun s(tly  colors !
 lovely cl\ds4    ,! p$im5t ( ! ,palais 
,biron is brilliant 9 ! sunlight4 ,!    
balcony ca/s %ad[s on ! grimac+         

consoles1 & ! %ell-"w is  lum9\s 9 ?is  
glori\s light4 ,! w9d[-panes gl[ 9      
glory4 ,!  great /aircase seems arrang$ 
= ladies to desc5d on _! way to  ! g>d51
 graci\sly trail+ _! long robes1 :i*    
ru/le ov] !  /eps4    ,l a pilgrim1 full
 ( hope1 :o re/s a mom5t at ! gates ( a 
t[n1  & brea!s ! balmy ev5+ air1 s ,i   
seat myself 9 ?is g>d54  ,! h\r passes  
quickly1 b x c\ld n be bett] employ$ ?an
 9  absorb+ ^! m>vels4    ,:5 ! sun     
drops beh9d ! horizon1 ) its gl[+ colors
 l !  flam+ fires ( a =ge1 our he>ts are
 fill$ ) wond] & awe4  ,x gilds all 9 a 
la/ gold5 glory ( triumph1 ! sky s      
brilliant  t "o _c def9e ! l9e ( !      
horizon4 ,!re1 :]e ! sun  disappe>$1 !  
sky is n[ orange4 ,ev]y?+ is fad+ away2 
ano!r  imm5sity spreads out be=e u4 ,!  
glory ( night is ab\t to ext5d  ov] !   
firmam5t its melan*oly *>m4             
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,poet ,,& ,,!        
,,muses4    ,! corn] ( ?is g>d5 is a    
corn] ( happ9ess1 a corn] (  et]nity4   
,"h ?\ghts c ?rive & wor%ip1 = "h !y h  

ev]y?+4 ,= ! great ?+s 9 life are n !   
exceptional ?+s1  b ! beauties ( e day1 
:i* we d n /op to notice4 ,^!  va/      
treasures1 )9 our grasp1 :i* we d n ev5 
t\*1 !y are  ! ?+s t c\nt4    ,! public 
believes t "o is happy 9 ! admiration ( 
nature2 b  !re are v>i\s degrees (      
happ9ess4 ,d\btless a glori\s feel+ (   
admiration may take hold ( "o2 b if "o  
does n con/antly cl+  to "o's admiration
 z a matt] ( habit1 "o gr[s we>y &      
becomes  sup]ficial4 ,inde$1 ,i d n "k  
:y we dem& ano!r life1 s9ce we  h n     
le>n$ to enjoy & und]/& ?is "o fully4 ,9
 any case1 if  we f9d ?is a bad _w1 x is
 our fault4 ,we are *ildi% ab\t x4 ,we  
belittle "o ano!r wilfully4 ,fancy !    
trees do+ t1 if "o c\ld  suspect !m (   
su* a ?+6    ,:5 ,i desc5d ! /eps1 ,i am
 ov]:elm$ by t fluid :i* is life4  ,i am
 9 t\* ) life4 ,:at m c ,i want8 ,?is   
t5d]ness :i*  surr\nds me ev]y:]e1 ?is  
ev]-v>y+ nature :i* says s mu* to  me1 !
 atmosph]e :i* envelops me--am ,i       
already 9 heav51 or am ,i a  poet8      

,v    ,,! ,,l9e ,,& ,,! ,,/ructure ,,(  
,,! ,,go?ic           ,"o ( ,rod9's     
fri5ds1 ,m4 ,lon ,b\rgeois1 ! em95t1    
highly cultivat$ ,fr5* /atesman1 has    
said1 ,rod9 is himself       a ca!dral4 
,?is rem>k wond]fully *>act]izes ,rod9's
       intellectuality z x appe>s to u  
to-day4 ,ri* 9 ye>s &       exp]i5ce1 8 
intellect is 9 tru? z complicat$ z a    
ca!dral1 b l x1 too1 sup]bly simple 9   
its g5]al       /ructure4 ,8 intellect  
possesses ! weal? ( detail t makes      
up life & ! calm balance ( ! laws t     
gov]n nature4 ,8       m9d1 =m$ on      
pr9ciples scrupul\sly controll$ by      
obs]vation1       ab\nds 9 t wond]ful   
arti/ic imag9ation :i* is ! poetry      
( life4 ,ev] r5ew+ itself1 ev] active1 8
 m9d inspires       int5se confid5ce    
because x is deeply root$ 9 tru?4 ,x    
looks       at its subjects ( /udy ) su*
 consci5ti\s devotion t x       p]ceives
 e phase ( reality2 = x is only love su*
 z ?is1       a love spr++ n f impati5ce
 & passion1 b f fai?       & hope1 t is 

always victori\s 9 ! end4               
,*ur*es6 ,he lives ne> !m1 s z to /udy  
!m 9 !       fleet+ *anges ( ! h\rs4 ,he
 likes to be envelop$ by !       s\nd ( 
! *ur* bells t = sev5 or eight c5turies 
h       spok5 ! same language (         
discipl9e to ! _s ( ,france4       ,day 
& night he visits ! naves4 ,!re 8 s\l   
feels ! sacr$       my/]y4 ,! *ur*es are
 truly ! cradle ( 8 arti/ic fai?4       
,b x is only rec5tly t ! joys :i* he    
drew f !m       rea*$ _! height2 =      
al?\gh he 0 long "u ! influ5ce       (  
,go?ic art1 t mo/ extraord9>y product ( 
! h& (       man1 only 9 ! la/ few ye>s 
has he le>n$ to p5etrate its            
pr9ciples & und]/& its me?ods4          
,h[ (t5 9 my y\? ,i que/ion$ him ab\t ! 
ca!drals6       ,he always repli$ ) t   
caution :i* 9 deep natures is a       =m
 ( def]5ce3 ,i am p]vad$ by ! m>vel (   
?is art2 b       ,i _c z yet expla9 x to
 myself4 ,! ,go?ic is ! _w              
=e%ort5$4 ,:]e am ,i to beg98 ,= m ?an  
?irty ye>s       ,i h be5 accumulat+ &  

comp>+ my obs]vations4 ,p]haps          
ev5tually ,i %all succe$ 9 d$uc+ ! rule1
 ! law ( div9e       intellig5ce2 b     
p]haps ,i %all n h suffici5t "t4 ,!n x  
w be ! task ( ano!r1 y\ng] ?an myself1  
:o w />t       8 rese>*es e>li]1 & :o1  
besides1 w h be5 in=m$       by me4     
,on 8 return f ea* ( ^! pilgrimages he 0
 possess$       by ! happy re/lessness (
 "o :o w\ld soon be able to give        
expression to 8 secret4 ,"o felt t ! law
 ( div9e       intellig5ce 0 be+ =mulat$
 9 8 m9d4 ,i !n hop$ &       expect$ t  
soon he w\ld reap ! fruit ( 8 long      
labors4         ,at la/ "o day ,rod9    
took me to ,notre ,dame1 beautiful among
       ! beautiful1 despite ! mod]n     
re/orations t h detract$       f ! grace
 & suppl5ess ( its sculpture4 ,notre    
,dame ( ,p>is       is beautiful 9      
itself & 9 its situation on ! banks ( ! 
,se9e1 t riv] ( fem99e grace1 :i* 9 its 
innoc5t c\rse       draws ) x ! memory (
 _m t]rible hi/oric ev5ts4         ,f   
,notre ,dame to ,sa9t-,eu/a*e1 f ! ,t\r 

,sa9t-,jacques       to                 
,sa9t-,eti5ne-du-,mont1 dur+ ?is long   
walk ( ours ,rod9       talk$1 q unaw>e 
( ! curi\s glances ( ^? :o              
recogniz$ him1 & ( ! sc(f+ ( ! /reet    
ur*9s1 :o       mi/ook ! great ,fr5*man 
= a /rang] discov]+ ! capital       (   
,france4 ,lat] he gave me num]\s notes t
 supplem5t$ 8       conv]sations4       
,8 words & notes comb9$ =m ! cle>e/ &   
mo/       important lesson on ,go?ic art
 t has be5 h&$ d[n s9ce !       days ( !
 ,gild ( ! ,francs-,maons1 by "o ( _!   
own sort1 a       craftsman su* z !y 71 
a v]itable sculptor1 a /one-cutt]       
lov+ ! mat]ial 9 :i* he works4          
,has ,rod91 aft] s ?or\ghly grasp+ !    
secrets ( !       build]s ( bygone days1
 nev] felt ! desire to apply !m 9 !     
execution ( "s "w ( ar*itecture8 ,0 he  
nev] tempt$ by       _! example & by t (
 ,mi*elangelo to exp& 8 res\rces        
beyond ^? ( ! sculptor8 ,^? :o "k !     
creative p[]       & ! va/ness (        
imag9ation ( ! model] ( ,! ,burgh]s (   

,calais & ( ,! ,gate ( ,hell may well   
ask ?is "q4         ,well1 yes1 he has  
_h t great dream1 :i* 9 m prolific      
times w\ld h become a glori\s reality4  
,he hop$ to revive       ! _s ( a day :5
 a :ole nation ( arti/s cov]$ ,france   
) ma/]pieces2 he hop$ to organize labor 
collectively1 &       to ga!r ab\t him a
 legion ( artisans to "w toge!r on a    
monum5t :i* %\ld become 9 a c]ta9 s5se !
 ca!dral (       ! mod]n age4           
,he ev5 drew up plans = t wond]ful      
project1 ! subject       ( :i* 0 to be !
 glorification ( labor1 t triumphant    
=ce ( our pres5t civilization4 ,he did n
 plan to rival !       ,go?ic /yle1 !   
prodigi\s a*ievem5t ( :i* w\ld h        
requir$ ?rongs ( workm5 ?or\ghly        
organiz$ & discipl9$1       well tra9$  
"u ! sy/em ( ma/] & appr5tice1          
accompli%+ _! common task 9 ! joy ( "w &
 !       en?usiasm ( fai?4 ,he plann$ to
 approximate ! art ( !                  
,r5aissance1 less remov$ f mod]n        
intellectuality1 & simpl]       (       

execution4    ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,t[]   
,,( ,,labor4         ,9 ,rod9's /udio at
 ,meudon "o c see ! plan = ?is          
monum5t4 ,! axis is a high column call+ 
to m9d ,trajan's       ,column1 &1 l x1 
cov]$ ) bas-reliefs4 ,a t[] brok5       
by l>ge op5+s1 z 9 ! ,t[] ( ,pisa1      
encircles x4 ,9 !       int]ior a       
gradually incl9+ way leads "o f ! base  
to !       top along ! bas-reliefs4 ,^! 
repres5t all ! active crafts       &    
trades3 ^? ( ! cities1 su* z masons1    
c>p5t]s1       weav]s1 bak]s1 brew]s1   
glass-work]s1 & goldsmi?s2 &       ^? ( 
! c\ntry1 su* z pl[m51 h>ve/]s1 v9tag]s1
       v9e-dress]s1 %eph]ds1 & f>m]s4   
,on ! ext]ior1 betwe5       ! ar*es1 /& 
/atues ( ! great g5iuses t h l$         
humanity1 ^: ef=ts h rais$ !m to        
cele/ial heights2 t       is1 to ! peace
 & happ9ess ( creat+4 ,!re great ?9k]s1 
inv5tors1 & arti/s h _! ni*es1 j z !    
prophets       h !irs 9 ! vaults (      
ca!drals4 ,! edifice re/s on a          
crypt :]e gr\ps ( sculpture are devot$  

to ! glorification       ( "w "u ! e>? &
 its obscure h]oes1 m9]s1 div]s1        
pe>l-fi%]s4 ,at ! "t :5 ! plan = ?is    
monum5t 0       advanc$1 & 0 excit+ !   
imag9ation ( ,european writ]s &         
j\rnali/s1 an ard5t admir] ( ,rod9 ev5  
propos$ to build       ! tomb ( ! ma/]  
"u ! crypt1 :]e he w\ld h _h a          
re/+-place wor?y ( a ,ph>aoh4 ,on ea*   
side ( ! entrance is       a /atue      
repres5t+ ,morn+ & ,ev5+1 & at ! summit 
(       ! column two angels1 mess5g]s ( 
,god1 _! h&s out/ret*$       t[>d ! e>? 
) a ge/ure ( exquisite t5d]ness1 %$ !   
bless+s ( heav5 on ! "w ( man4          
,alas6 ?is noble1 /irr+ project w n be  
realiz$ dur+       ! life ( ! arti/4 ,w 
!re "s day be ano!r possess$ (       !  
ardor & love ( beauty necess>y to build 
?is m\nta9 (       /one8         ,= a "t
 ,rod9's fri5ds hop$ t ,am]ica1 ! nation
 (       "w p> excell5ce1 w\ld seize ^u 
?is idea4 ,!y pictur$       !           
philan?ropi/s ( ! ,new ,_w 9 *>act]i/ic 
fa%ion       p\r+ =? millions = ?is "w (

 univ]sal art & national                
glorification2 !y saw ,rod9 be+ call$ to
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1       ga!r+ ab\t him n
 only ,am]ican arti/s1 b all !          
intellig5t =ces ( ! _w ( culture4 ,!y   
saw ! ,t[]       ( ,labor1 ) its angels 
be/[+ _! b5$iction ov] "s       =midable
 indu/rial city1 ,new ,york1            
,pittsburgh1 or ,*icago4       ,?is     
might h be5 ! />t+-po9t = a new era (   
art1 =       no?+ is m contagi\s ?an !  
realization ( beauty 9 actual       =m4 
,d\btless ! writ]s ( ,france did n      
discuss ! matt]       long or =cibly    
en\gh1 & ! ,t\r de ,travail1 :i* might h
       be5 ! ard5t expression ( a :ole  
race1 w rema9 ! idea       ( a solit>y  
g5ius1 a la/ (f%oot ( ! ma/]s ( !       
,middle       ,ages4         ,b if ! h\r
 has n yet /ruck = ! con/ruction (      
! mod]n ca!dral1 at lea/ we possess1    
?anks to ! man :o       dream$ ( erect+ 
x1 ! secrets & pr9ciples ( ^? :o        
con/ruct$ ! ca!drals ( bygone days4     
99       99       99       99       99  

,to acquire a ?or\gh & fruitful und]/&+ 
( ! ca!drals1 we  mu/ break away f !    
n>r[ & cold _s ( ! pres5t day4 ,!  _s ( 
our "t does n h>monize 9 ar*itecture ) !
 monum5ts  ( ! pa/4    ,fir/ let u      
contemplate ! :ole4 ,! *ur* is a cliff4 
,!  con/ruction ( ! sl5d] side spr++ up 
is q 9 ! _s (  our race4 ,! ,go?ic t[]s 
are /ones set up l ,druidic monum5ts4   
,! *ur* is laid out l a dolm51 & ! t[]s 
are ! m5hirs4  ,l ! m5hirs1 !y h        
beautiful1 flexible l9es2 !y possess !  
eloqu5ce ( natural outl9es1 :i* are nev]
 cold or meag]4    ,! l9e ( ! ,go?ic t[]
 is slightly curv$1 swell+ l t (  a     
b>rel4 ,a /raight l9e is h>d & cold4 ,! 
,greeks p]ceiv$ t2  !y refra9$ f /raight
 l9es1 & ! columns ( _! temples  also %[
 a slight swell+4    ,! two sides ( !   
,go?ic t[] are n alike4 ,! ar*itects    
consid]$ t pref]able to obvi\s symmetry4
 ,look at ! ,t\r  ,sa9t-,jacques 9      
,p>is4 ,"o ( ! sides %[s a long1 slop+  
holl[1  mak+ x look q diff]5t f ! o!r1  
:i*1 aga91 is l  /ones set on high4 ,!  

holl[$ l9e p]mits protub]ances1 details 
(  ornam5tation t s(t5 & h>monize ) !   
l9e ( ! ensemble4  ,x has be5 re/or$1 & 
!re=e f ne> at h& seems cold1 =  our    
workm5 h lo/ ! sci5ce & art ( model+4 ,b
 ! beauty (  ! g5]al /ructure rema9s2 !y
 c\ld n detract f t4    ,?is s(t5$ l9e1 
?is l9e full ( life1 is "o ( ! *ief     
*>act]i/ics ( ! ,go?ic4 ,! sky ( our    
nor!rn climates orda9$  x s1 = !        
ar*itects ( ! ,middle ,ages c>v$ _!     
monum5ts  out ( doors4 ,once ! g5]al    
plan 0 e/abli%$1 !y easily f\nd  !      
details :ile work+ ) _! tools1 guid$ by 
! light &  influ5c$ by natural          
conditions4    ,our light is n t (      
,greece4 ,humanity ! _w ov] is ak92 b   
to :at ! ,greek express$ 9 a *a/5$      
mann]1 9 keep+ ) 8  et]nally pure light1
 we h add$ ! oblique slant ( our sun1   
our  reality1 our c\ntry1 our autumns1 !
 /+ ( our w9t]s1 our less  def9ite _s1  
our remot5ess f ! gl>+ ,olympian sun2 &1
 la/  ( all1 we h add$ our trees4    ,we
 also h light1 b x is frequ5tly obscur$ 

by pass+ cl\ds4 ,is  x n natural t we   
%\ld reproduce !m 9 our art8 ,& ! l9e1  
! abundant l9e1 is m acc5tuat$ 9 !      
half-night ( our long  autumns4 ,?us we 
are m 9 ! mood ( our woods & our =e/s4  
,our  s\ls h m %ad[s ?an ! ,greek s\l1  
our det]m9ations are m  v>i$2 = our     
cl\ds & our =e/s are reflect$ 9 our     
he>ts4    ,arti/s1 let u1 !n1 rev]t to !
 int]pretation ( our race1 b 9  ! _s1 n 
9 ! lett]4 ,let u copy only ! s\l ( our 
ext]nal  nature1 n its ,go?ic =m1 = a   
m]e copy is cold & dead4 ,beautiful     
ar*itecture is a reproduction by man1 b 
f a div9e model4 ,f  ?is x receives !   
w>m? ( life4 ,if ar*itecture is true to 
!  _s ( nature1 x is embrac$ by ! trees1
 ! rocks1 ! cl\ds2  !y are ! sil5t      
company ( beauty4    ,o ,ca!dral6 ,sph9x
 ( ,nor!rn life6 al?\gh mutilat$1 are y 
n  et]nal8 ,d y cease to live8 ,f a     
di/ance1 & 9 ! ev5+1 :5  dusk sets 91 y 
seem truly a great sph9x cr\*+ 9 !      
c\ntry4    ,! drama t unfolds itself on 
! /one pages ( ! *ur*es recalls  to u ) 

a v few ge/ures & movem5ts ! sil5t drama
 (  antiquity1 ! sculptures1            
illu/rations ( s*ylus & ,sophocles4     
,f ! ,greek type1 9 tru?1 sprang !      
?\ghts t guide man1 &  aga9 f !         
,egyptian granite2 & ev5tually f ! /one 
( !  ,go?ic1 t ,go?ic :i* leads to !    
p]iod ( ,l\is ,,xvi1 & :i* 9  ,france is
 always ! pr9cipal pa? ( art4 ,o!r /yles
 7 d]iv$  f x1 ^? ( ! f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 
sixte5?1 sev5te5?1 &  eighte5? c5turies4
 ,_! basis is ,go?ic2 !re=e ! ,go?ic is 
!  fundam5tal /yle1 :i* ought to keep u 
f ! pa? ( decad5ce1  if t is possible4  
,y d n und]/& x8 ,y say y pref] !       
,greek8 ,o ye mortals t wi% to pass     
judgm5t on all matt]s1 take  he$ le/ ^! 
ma/]pieces prevail aga9/ y6 ,! ca!dral  
is z  beautiful1 p]haps m beautiful1 ?an
 ! ,p>!non4 ,if y d n  und]/& ?is /yle1 
!n y are /ill fur!r remov$ f !  ,greek1 
:i* is ( ano!r c\ntry & epo*4 ,x is m   
beautiful1  p]haps m concise1 m m>ble2 b
 we belong m ) /one &  =e/s1 we are m   
autumnal1 m ( ! cold & melan*oly season4

        ,,! ,,go?ic ,,build]s ,,are     
,,reali/s    ,d n let u lose sight ( !  
fact t b5ea? ?is poem ( /one  !re is a  
f\ndation ( k bas$ on a close &         
compreh5sive  /udy4    ,to-day ,i und]/&
 x4 ,z a result ( /udy1 "o tru? aft]    
ano!r  comes to light4 ,at ! outset "o  
is lo/ be=e ^! m>vels4 ,:]e  is "o to   
beg9 /udy+8 ,"o's ?\ghts & "o's         
admiration rise l  cl\ds4 ,! m9d makes  
prodigi\s leaps to grasp aga9 :at x     
already  kn[s1 to comb9e x ) ! rec5tly  
acquir$ k1 to attempt to  draw          
conclusions :i* simplify & g5]alize !   
/udy1 & ?us to  disc]n ! fundam5tal law4
    ,= a long "t dur+ my y\? ,i ?\ght1 l
 _m o!rs1 t ,go?ic  art 0 poor4 ,i 0 s  
ungrateful dur+ ! fir/ en?usiasm ( my   
lib]ty6 ,i le>n$ to und]/& its gr&eur   
only ?r\gh travel+4  ,obs]vation & "w l$
 me back to ! "r road4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my  
ef=ts ,i h grasp$ ! mean+ ( ! ?\ghts ( !
 ma/]s4 ,my  p]si/5t "w 0 n futile1 &1 l
 "o ( ! ,magi1 ,i h at  la/ come to b[ 9
 humble rev]5ce be=e !m4    ,a true     

arti/ mu/ p5etrate ! primordial         
pr9ciples ( creation2 only  by und]/&+ !
 beautiful does he become inspir$1 & t n
  ?r\gh a sudd5 awak5+ ( 8 s5sibilities1
 b by sl[ p5etration  & p]ception1 by   
pati5t love4 ,! m9d ne$ n be quick1 =   
sl[  progress %\ld imply precaution 9 e 
direction4    ,! ,go?ic build]s are !   
greate/ obs]v]s ( nature t h ev]  exi/$1
 ! greate/ reali/s1 despite all t       
pr(essors & critics  say to ! contr>y4  
,!y call !m ideali/s4 ,!y say ! same ( !
  ,greeks & ( all arti/s ^: pr(\nd k has
 enabl$ !m to  borr[ _! effects & *>m f 
nature4 ,ideali/s6 ,t is a t]m  :i*     
signifies no?+ & m]ely conf\nds cause & 
effect4    ,build]s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 y
 indep5d5t s*ol>s1 models ( a  pr(\nd   
intellig5ce1 ?is is :at our age has f\nd
 z an explanation  ( y\r ma/]pieces6    
,i h devot$ my :ole life 9 endeavor+ to 
cat* a glimpse (  ! rules1 ! secrets (  
exp]i5ce1 :i* y transmitt$ to "o  ano!r1
 & x is only n[1 :5 my days are numb]$1 
t ,i am at  la/ grasp+ ! syn!sis (      

beauty4 ,to :om %all ,i confide !  fruit
 ( my rese>*8 ,"s future g5ius w ga!r x4
 ,! ca!dral  is et]nal1 ris+ t[>d ! sky4
 ,:5 we ?9k x has atta9$ its  ultimate  
height1 x rises aga9 high] /ill1 l a    
m\nta9 ( tru?4        ,,plans ,,&       
,,oppositions    ,! ar*itects ( our     
*ur*es subord9at$ detail to arrive at a 
m  effective :ole4 ,t is :y our *ur*es  
are s beautiful :5 se5  f a di/ance4 ,!y
 sacrific$ ev]y?+ to ! ess5tial1 ! plan4
    ,! plan8 ,l all syn!tic conceptions1
 ?is is difficult to def9e4  ,x is !    
space t an object displaces 9 !         
atmosph]e1 its volume4  ,:5 an arti/ is 
able to det]m9e exactly ! space an      
object occupies  9 ! atmosph]e1 be he   
pa9t]1 sculptor1 or ar*itect1 he        
possesses  ! real sci5ce ( plans4       
,:at is detail 9 a plan8 ,no?+4 ,! t[]s 
( ! *ur* at ,bruges  are sup]b 9 _!     
b>5ess1 :ile our mod]n h\ses1 ov]lad5 ) 
detail1 are hide\s to look ^u4 ,( ! two 
t[]s ( ! ca!dral at  ,*>tres1 ! "o is   
b>e1 j a huge wall2 ! o!r is cov]$ )    

ornam5tation1 & ! fir/ is possibly ! m  
beautiful because (  ! pot5cy ( its     
plan4 ,:at does ?is =ce ( simplicity    
express to  u8 ,x is ! s\l ( a nation4  
,a p expresses its nature ?r\gh  ! m$ium
 ( its ar*itecture4 ,/ones are fai?ful  
:5 we d n  ret\* !m4 ,!y are !          
signatures ( a nation4    ,illu/ration3 
,,headless ,,figure4    ,?r\gh ! sci5ce 
( plans ! great oppositions or contra/s 
( light  & %ad[ are obta9$4 ,!y give    
life & color to ! /ructure4  ,accord+ to
 ! position ( ! sun1 ! appe>ance ( a    
build+  v>ies4 ,"o "p is 9 ! %ade1 ! o!r
 9 ! light1 & betwe5  ^! two is !       
gradation ( %ad+s4    ,! ma/] ar*itects 
did n set _! edifices ap>t f !  univ]se2
 !y gave !m ! b5efit ( all ! ph5om5a (  
nature--dawn & dusk1 twilight1 cl\d     
effects1 haze1 & fog4 ,e  mom5t ( ! day 
adds to or detracts f _! effect4        
,sometimes ,i /& be=e a ca!dral1 & x    
does n seem at all  beautiful4 ,i feel  
,i %\ld l to alt] x4 ,!n ,i revisit x at
  ano!r h\r & see x 9 a diff]5t light+4 

,! light /rikes x  aslant1 ! %ad[s are  
deep]2 ! ca!dral is absolutely          
beautiful1  & ,i feel aba%$ at my =m]   
impati5ce & critical mi/ru/4        ,,! 
,,sci5ce ,,( ,,equilibrium    ,^! great 
effects ( light & %ade1 obta9$ by !     
plan--effects  simple 9 _! means1 yet   
my/]i\s 9 _! p[] ( attraction =  u1 h   
/r5g!n$ ! idea t ,go?ic art is          
ideali/ic4 ,! masses  :o see ! ca!dral  
dom9at+ ! city1 ) its two slant+ ro(s  l
 h&s jo9$ at ! f+]-tips1 c]ta9ly feel 9 
x ! great  idea1 ! poem4 ,!y d n realize
 t ! s5tim5ts ar\s$ 9 !m  by ! beauty ( 
! build+ are :olly due to ! sci5ce ( !  
plans4    ,by means ( :at pr9ciple did !
 ma/] build]s support ! weight  ( ^!    
enorm\s masses ( /one1 :i* yet jo9      
lov+ly 9 !  impond]able atmosph]e8 ,by  
obey+ ! law ( equilibrium ( ! human     
body4 ,! human body1 /&+ upright1 ! feet
 jo9$1 9 equilibrium1  is ! basis ( !   
,greek column4 ,p$im5ts & ro(1 support$ 
by a  s]ies ( ^! /&+ bodies1 ^! human   
columns1 t is ! ,greek  temple4 ,!      

ar*itecture ( ! ,p>!non reproduces !    
equilibrium  ( ! body 9 a /ate ( re/4 ,9
 action ! body sways2 t is to  say1 !   
weight re/s on only "o leg1 :ile ! body 
incl9es to !  opposite side to rega9 its
 balance by c\nt]poise4 ,t is ! sway  ( 
,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,?is sway con/itutes
 ! law ( motion = !  body ( man &       
animal1 ev] seek+ p]fect equilibrium4   
,)\t ?is law we c\ld n move2 we w\ld be 
l blocks ( /one4  ,e motion t we make   
produces an initial sway+1 :i* an oppos+
  weight in/antane\sly balances4 ,?us   
)\t any consci\sness on  our "p a       
p]petual balanc+ is tak+ place )9 u1 a  
*ange z  facile & imm$iate z ! *anges   
:i* take place 9 ! ph5om5a  (           
respiration & circulation4 ,all goes on 
) ! spe$1 ord]1 &  sil5ce t exi/ 9 !    
doma9 ( electricity4 ,x is a p]petual   
prodigy to :i* we d n ev5 give a ?\ght4 
,x is n surpris+ t ! ,go?ic ma/]s1 :o   
copi$ f all  nature1 took f man &       
animals ! *>m ( balance4    ,! ogive    
7po9t$ ar*7 ( ! ca!dral1 is a*iev$ by   

two oppos+  ?ru/s4 ,b ! ar*ivolts d n   
always h>monize ) ! capitals2  !y are n 
set exactly ov] !m1 !y are out ( !      
p]p5dicul>4  ,two movem5ts ( equal =ce1 
exactly oppos$1 cause a /able           
equilibrium4 ,j s ! masses ( /one are   
support$ by ?is same  opposition (      
?ru/s4    ,! int]ior ( ! ca!dral is high
 & va/1 brok5 by l>ge w9d[s  t dim9i% ! 
resi/ance & help to support ! great     
weight4 ,x  0 necess>y to f9d a way (   
re/abli%+ ! equilibrium1 le/ !  nave    
break d[n "u its own weight4 ,t is !    
purpose ( ! fly+  buttresses4 ,l ! arms 
( giants1 !y ?r[ _! oppos+ weight  aga9/
 ! ext]ior walls4    ,"s h drawn !      
conclusion t ca!drals are imp]fect1 s9ce
 !y  _c /& )\t ?is support4 ,x is a     
*>act]i/ic idea ( our  age4 ,j z ?\gh "o
 w\ld reproa* ! human body = be>+ fir/  
on "o leg & !n on ! o!r4    ,^! p[]ful  
buttresses are wond]fully effective 9 _!
 contra/  to ! lacework ( ! sculpture4  
,:at is m beautiful ?an ,notre  ,dame 9 
,p>is at night1 ) its isl& z its p$e/al8

 ,x is ! huge  skeleton ( ! ,france ( ! 
,middle ,ages :i* appe>s to u "h4 ,h[   
attractive ! light & %ade on !          
buttresses6 ,inde$1 x took g5ius  to br+
 out beauty 9 t :i* is 9 reality only ! 
skeleton ( !  edifice1 & :i* c\ld be    
(f5sive1 7 x badly c>ri$ out4        ,,!
 ,,lacework ,,( ,,/one    ,! ,go?ic /yle
 exi/s by virtue ( oppositions1 contra/s
 9 effects  & 9 balance4 ,!y built huge 
b>e walls1 b 9 ! upp] heights           
ornam5tation fl\ri%es & ab\nds4 ,!re !  
increase & multiply  ( ! ,bible has be5 
figuratively c>ri$ out4    ,once ! basis
 ( con/ruction 0 e/abli%$1 ! masons     
embelli%$  ! l9e by admirable           
ornam5tation1 due to _! spl5did         
workman%ip4 ,we %\ld nev] =get t model+ 
supplies !  life-blood to ! mass2 )\t x 
we c h nei!r grace nor p[]4    ,=m]ly ,i
 did n und]/& ! ar*itecture2 ,i m]ely   
saw !  lacework ( ! ,go?ic4 ,b ev5 9 my 
conception ( t ,i 0  mi/ak51 = ,i ?\ght 
x a caprice ( g5ius4 ,i did n "k t x  _h
 a sci5tific raison d'tre2 namely1 to   

break & s(t5 ! l9e4  ,n[ ,i see its     
importance3 x r\nds (f ! outl9es2 x     
gives !m life  & w>m?4 ,^! /atues1 ^!   
graceful c>yatids1 propp+ up !  portals1
 ^! cop+s 9 ! cov+s1 are l vegetation   
:i* s(t5s  ! rigid summit ( a wall4 ,!re
 aga9 we f9d ! ,go?ic arti/s z  skilful 
colori/s z ! clev]e/ pa9t]s1 because !y 
h ga9$  insight f ! vegetation ( our    
c\ntry4 ,9 our plants1 9 our trees1  all
 is light & %ad[y1 & f !m !y ga9$ _!    
wond]ful  ma/]y ( ! art ( dep?1 :i* br+s
 out ! f9e/ %ad+s (  light1 ! mell[ness 
( half-t9ts4 ,to-day we misuse black1 ! 
m$ium  ( p[]4 ,we use x too ext5sively2 
we put x ev]y:]e = ! sake  ( effect1 &  
!re=e lose its effect entirely4    ,!   
,go?ic is nature transpos$ & reproduc$ 9
 /one4 ,to %[  admiration = ?is =m ( art
 is to pres]ve ! memory ( !  creation4  
,! arti/ is ! confidant ( nature4       
,%aksp]e says 9 ,k+  ,le>1 we        444
 take ^u 's ! my/]y ( ?+s1      ,z if we
 7 ,god's spies4        ,,! ,,nave    ,a
 *ur* is spread out l a dolm5 betwe5 two

 m5hirs4 ,! int]ior  brea!s ! solemn    
calm ( a =e/1 ! columns are ! trees1 !  
masses ( ! base are ! rocks1 ! po9t$    
ar*es are ! massive  roots1 ! vault+s   
are ! caves1 & ! w9d[s are radiant fl[]s
  9 l>ge b[ls4 ,:5 ,i em]ge f ! d>kness 
( a ca!dral1 ,i feel  z if ,i came f !  
%ad[ ( a va/1 ext+ui%$ _w4    ,)\t !    
bright5+ light ( ! /a9$-glass w9d[s1 our
 *ur*es  w\ld be sad4 ,9 ,spa9 ! gloom  
is fun]eal1 b ! g5ius ( ,france  has    
und]/ood h[ to capture ! c>ess+ light   
?r\gh its w9d[s4  ,! productiv5ess ( !  
,celtic _s is also noticeable 9 !       
capitals4 ,go?ic art ab&on$ ,greek      
ornam5t1 :i* _h be5 reproduc$  s (t5 t x
 lo/ all significance4 ,x f\nd its      
models 9 ! woods  & g>d5s4 ,f ! oak x   
took its cr[n ( foliage1 f ! ?i/le  &   
cabbage _! gracefully droop+ leaves1 & f
 ! bramble  its int]tw9$ ?orns4 ,!y made
 wond]ful capitals by rev]s+ !  acan?us1
 & copy+ ! languid grace ( fall+        
blossoms4    ,! ca!dral ( ,b\rges--!    
va/ness ( ?is *ur* makes me tremble4    

,"o might say !re are ?ree *ur*es 9 its 
?ree naves4 ,gr&eur  dem&s repetition4  
,! sup]bness ( ?is "w ( ar*itecture     
en=ces sil5ce4 ,p attribute _! emotion  
"h to religi\s  s5tim5t alone1 & d n    
realize t x is due also to ! correct    
calculations ( art4 ,!y d n realize t ! 
impressive d>kness  ( ! va/ *ur*1 its   
light+1 ! wax tap]s "h1 & !  daylight ) 
its brilliancy !re1 h all be5 plann$    
be=eh&4  ,! /a9$-glass w9d[s ( ,b\rges  
are dazzl+1 almo/ t]rible1 9  _! beauty4
 ,!re are fla%es z r$ z blood1 & da%es (
 blue1 a  flame--! w\nds ( ,*ri/1 !     
fun]al pile ( ,jeanne d',arc4 ,:5 !  sun
 s9ks1 ! bright light w fade away2 !n we
 h be=e u only  ! *>m+ effect ( b[ls (  
fl[]s4    ,! leg5ds :i* are told on !   
/a9$-glass are good en\gh to amuse      
*ildr52 b ! glass itself1 ! spl5dor (   
its colors1 ! ext5t  to :i* x h>monizes 
) ! nave--all t is ! actual result &    
object ( pr(\nd ?\ght4 ,! ,middle ,ages 
put life into ev]y?+2  !y wor%ip$ life4 
,!y drew ext5sively f nature1 wisely    

realiz+  t its s\rce is inexhau/ible1   
:ile ! day ( man is fleet+4        ,,!  
,,mold+    ,! sci5ce ( plans1 balance ( 
volumes1 & proportion 9 ! mold+s  gov]n 
! _s ( ,go?ic art4 ,( late ,i believe ,i
 h discov]$ h[  ! ma/]s /ruck ^u !      
beautiful ,go?ic mold+1 t undulat+      
mold+ :i* gives s mu* suppl5ess to !    
ar*itecture4 ,i h f\nd  some?+ new 9 !  
well-kn[n1 & beauty 9 =ms :i* ,i did n  
und]/& be=e4 ,?is *ange is due above all
 to my "w4 ,hav+  always /udi$ m        
int5sely1 ,i c say t ,i h always lov$ m 
ard5tly4    ,i believe ! ma/]s ( ,go?ic 
art got _! ideas ( mold+ ?r\gh  _!      
und]/&+ ( ! human body1 & p]haps above  
all ( ! body  ( woman4 ,! body1 t human 
column1 se5 9 pr(ile is a l9e (         
projections & protub]ances1 ( ! nose1 ! 
*91 ! brea/1 !  flank4 ,!nce spr+s !    
beautiful undulat+ l9e :i* is ! outl9e  
( ,go?ic mold+4 ,= ,go?ic mold+1 l !    
,greek1 is s(t &  swell+4 ,! d\c9e 7a   
mold+1 concave above1 convex bel[71 a   
t]m  ( ! trade1 t5d] z ! "n ( a woman1  

well expresses ! *>m (  ! beautiful     
,fr5* mold+4    ,! proportions ( mold+  
exi/ 9 nature1 b 9 su* =m t we  h n yet 
be5 able to subject !m to rules4 ,x     
requir$ m5 (  positive ta/e1 ( mo/      
pr(\nd und]/&+1 to grasp ! h>mony (  ^! 
proportions & to express !m 9 sculpture4
 ,"o might say !  ,go?ic ar*itects      
und]/ood mold+ by means ( _! intellig5ce
 z  well z by means ( _! he>t4    ,by   
means ( ! ca!dral ! arti/s ( ! ,middle  
,ages h %[n  u ! mo/ impressive drama 9 
exi/5ce--! mass4 ,! mass has !  gr&eur (
 ! antique drama4 ,greek trag$ies are 9 
fact only a =m  ( ! mass4 ,! human m9d  
/>ts afre% at diff]5t epo*s4 ,:5 !      
prie/ (ficiates1 8 ge/ures h ! beauty ( 
! antique1 & ?is  beauty m]ges into t ( 
! *ur* music1 t sublime tongue1 !  voice
 ( ! sea4 ,!n1 :5 ! cr[ds pro/rate      
!mselves1 :5 !y  arise simultane\sly1 ! 
undulation ( _! b5d+ bodies is l !      
waves ( ! ocean4 ,truly ! ,go?ic ma/]   
build]s 7 ! famili>  fri5ds ( ! sublime4
 ,f :at s\rce did ^! m5 spr+6 ,f :at    

m9ds did ^? ideas arise6 ,god has %>$ 8 
p[] ) "s ( 8  sons4          ,,vi       
,,art ,,& ,,nature      ,criticiz+      
nature is z /upid z criticiz+ !         
ca!drals4 ,x is !  vice ( our cold &    
petty age to criticize4 ,x is ! evil (  
decad5t  races4 ,we are con/antly be+   
told t we live 9 an age ( progress1  an 
age ( civilization4 ,t is p]haps true f 
! po9t ( view (  sci5ce & me*anics2 f ! 
po9t ( view ( art x is :olly false4     
,does sci5ce give happ9ess8 ,i am n aw>e
 ( x2 & z to me*anics1  !y l[] ! common 
intellig5ce4 ,me*anics replace ! "w ( ! 
human m9d ) ! "w ( a ma*9e4 ,t is ! dea?
 ( art4 ,x is  t :i* has de/roy$ !      
pleasure ( ! inn] life1 ! grace (  t :i*
 we call indu/rial art--! art ( !       
furniture-mak]1 !  tape/ry-work]1 !     
goldsmi?4 ,x ov]:elms ! _w ) uni=mity4  
,once artisans creat$2 to-day !y        
manufacture4 ,once !y rejoic$ 9  !      
pleasure ( mak+ a "w ( art2 to-day !    
workman is s bor$ 9  8 %op t he has     
inv5t$ sabotage & has made alcoholism   

g5]al4    ,! sight ( a mod]n monum5t    
?r[s "o into melan*oly ev5 :ile  an     
anci5t "o has n ceas$ to enrapture4 ,i  
visit a small city1 &1  los+ my tra91 am
 oblig$ to wait = ! next "o4 ,i take a  
walk  ab\t ! anci5t *ur*1 a delici\s ?+1
 v simple1 b ) its  ,go?ic ornam5ts     
plac$ ) ta/e1 9 a delicate relief t1 9 !
  light1 provides an en*antm5t = my     
fri5dly glances4 ,9 ! little  nave1 :i* 
invites to calm1 to ?\ght1--?\ght z s(t 
& compos$  z ! light %ad[s t move sl[ly 
across ! pill>s1--,i settle  myself4    
,ah1 ,i come away *>m$4 ,if ,i _h wait$ 
9 ! /ation1 ,i w\ld  h be5 we>i$ to     
dea?1 & w\ld h return$ home fatigu$ &   
discont5t$4 ,z x is1 ,i h ga9$ some?+--!
 beautiful c\nsels  ( mod]ation & ! f9e 
*>m ( a monum5t ( =m] days4    ,art     
alone gives happ9ess4 ,& ,i call art !  
/udy ( nature1 !  p]petual communion )  
h] ?r\gh ! _s ( analysis4    ,he :o kn[s
 h[ to see & feel may f9d ev]y:]e &     
always ?+s  to admire4 ,he :o kn[s h[ to
 see & feel is pres]v$ f ennui1  t bte  

noire ( mod]n society4 ,he :o sees &    
feels deeply nev]  lacks ! desire to    
express 8 feel+s1 to be an arti/4 ,is n 
nature  ! s\rce ( all beauty8 ,is %e n !
 only creator8 ,x is only by  draw+ ne> 
to h] t ! arti/ c br+ back to u all t %e
  has reveal$ to him4    ,:5 "o says    
?is1 ! public ?9ks x a commonplace4 ,all
 ! _w  believes t x kn[s t2 b x kn[s x  
only 9 seem+1 ! tru?  p5etrates only !  
sup]ficial %ell ( its intellig5ce4 ,!re 
are  s _m degrees 9 real compreh5sion6  
,compreh5sion is l a div9e  ladd]4 ,only
 he :o has rea*$ ! top r\nds has a view 
( ! _w4  ,! public is a/oni%$ or %ock$  
:5 "s "o goes aga9/ its  preconceiv$    
notions1 aga9/ ! prejudices ( a badly   
int]pret$ or  deg5]ate tradition4 ,words
 are no?+2 ! de$ alone c\nts4 ,x is  n  
by read+ manuals ( e/hetics1 b by lean+ 
on nature h]self  t ! arti/ discov]s &  
expresses beauty4    ,alas6 we are n    
prep>$ to see & to feel4 ,our sorry     
education1 f>  f cultivat+ 9 u ! feel+ =
 en?usiasm1 makes u 9 our  y\? little   

p$ants :o )\t result ov]:elm ourselves &
 o!rs  ) our pret5sions4 ,^? :o too     
late1 by long ef=ts1 escape ?is  demon (
 folly arrive only aft] t education has 
fatally sapp$ _!  /r5g? & has de/roy$ ! 
fl[] ( en?usiasm t ,god _h plant$  9 !m 
z a sign ( ,8 p>adise4 ,p )\t en?usiasm 
are l  m5 :o c>ry _! flags po9t$ d[n to 
! gr\nd in/ead ( pr\dly  above _! heads4
    ,con/antly ,i he>3 ,:at an ugly age6
 ,t woman is pla94 ,t dog is  horrible4 
,x is nei!r ! age nor ! woman nor ! dog 
:i* is  ugly1 b y\r eyes1 :i* d n       
und]/&4 ,"o g5]ally disp>ages  ! ?+s t  
are above "o's compreh5sion4            
,disp>agem5t is !  *ild ( ignorance4 ,z 
soon z y discov] t1 y ent] into !       
circle ( joy4    ,illu/ration3 ,,rod9',s
 ,,h\se ,,& ,,/udio ,,at ,,meudon4      
,man1 animals1 d[n to ! smalle/ insects1
 d[n to ! inf9itesimal2  ! e>?1 ! wat]s1
 ! woods1 ! sky--all are m>vel\s4 ,!    
firmam5t is ! va/e/ l&scape1 ! mo/      
pr(\nd1 ! mo/  en*ant+1 ) its v>iations1
 its effects ( color & light1 :i*       

delight ! eye1 a/oni% ! ?\ght1 &        
subjugate ! he>t4 ,&  to say t          
arti/s--^? :o consid] !mselves          
su*--attempt to  repres5t all t simply z
 x appe>s to !m1 )\t hav+ /udi$  x1 )\t 
hav+ deciph]$ x1 )\t hav+ felt x6 ,i    
pity !m4  ,!y are prison]s1 slaves (    
/upidity4    ,i 0 l !m 9 ! fir/ p]iods (
 my p]v]t$ y\?1 b ,i h  deliv]$ myself4 
,i h rega9$ ! lib]ty to approa* ! ?+s  t
 ,i love by ! pa?way ( true /udy4 ,:o   
foll[s me on ! road8  ,:o c le>n x f a  
/udy ( sculpture & design 9 books8 ,y :o
  h caught a glimpse ( ! spl5dor ( t    
tree1 ( t giant ^:  magnific5t column   
has be5 d5ud$ by autumn ( its leafy     
capital1  b :i* is p]haps m beautiful 9 
! nudity ( its memb]s2  y :o admire !   
/ructure ( its bran*es & twigs1 et*$ 9  
an  inf9itude ( =ms aga9/ ! sky1 :]e !y 
resemble ! lacework  ( ! w9d[s ( our    
*ur*es1 w\ld y n und]/& f> bett] t      
beauty1 w\ld n y\r pleasure be f> m     
complete1 if y sket*$  t tree n only 9 !
 mass1 b 9 ! innum]able details ( its   

framework8 ,& to ?9k t ! s*ools recomm5d
 to pupils1 pa9t]s1  & sculptors rese>* 
on ! subject6 ,! subject6 ,! subject    
does  n exi/ 9 t--! poor little         
arrangem5t t y1 "o & all1  summon up    
:ile por+ ov] ! same anecdotes1 ! same  
conv5tional  attitudes4 ,! human        
imag9ation is n>r[1 & y d n see !       
hundr$ ?\s& motives ( art t multiply    
!mselves "u y\r eye4  ,i c\ld pass my   
:ole life 9 ! g>d5 :]e ,i walk )\t      
exhau/+  !m4    ,! subject is ev]y:]e4  
,e manife/ation ( nature is a subject4  
,arti/s1 pause "h6 ,sket* ^! fl[]s2     
writ]s1 describe !m =  me1 n 9 ! mass1 z
 has always be5 done1 b 9 m9ute detail1 
9 ! m>vel\s precision ( _! organs1 9 _! 
*>act]i/ics1  :i* are z v>i$ z are ^? ( 
animals & m54 ,h[ beautiful to  be 9 !  
same mom5t an arti/ & a botani/1 to pa9t
 & model !  plant at ! same "t t "o     
/udi$ x6 ,^? great reali/s1 !           
,japanese1 und]/& ?is1 & make ! k &     
cultivation (  plants "o ( ! bases ( _! 
education4    ,we place love & s5sual   

pleasure 9 ! same category4 ,und\bt$ly  
x is nature h]self :o has l$ is a/ray 9 
?is by ! in/9ct to  p]petuate ourselves1
 9 y\? ?is in/9ct is l an ov]fl[+  riv]2
 x sweeps away ev]y?+1 yet pleasure is  
ev]y:]e ab\t  u4 ,i imbibe x 9 ! =ms ( !
 cl\ds t build _! maje/ic  ar*itecture 9
 ! sky1 9 ! rapture ( ?is woman :o holds
 h]  *ild 9 h] arms1 an attitude div9e1 
s beautiful inde$1 t !  poet ( !        
,gospels has deifi$ x4 ,x is ! attitude 
( ! ,virg94 ,i  imbibe x 9 ! atmosph]e  
:i* ba!s me n[1 & w /ill cont9ue  to    
bless me1 br++ me peace1 re/1 & heal?4  
,= t :i* is beautiful 9 a l&scape is t  
:i* is beautiful 9  ar*itecture--! air1 
space4 ,no "o 9 ^! days realizes its    
dep?4  ,x is ?is quality ( dep? t c>ries
 ! s\l :]e x wi%es to g4  ,9 a          
well-con/ruct$ monum5t t :i* enraptures 
u is ! sci5ce  ( its dep?s4 ,! ?rongs 9 
! *ur*es attribute _! emotion  to       
my/icism1 to ! transport ( ! s\l t[>d   
div9ity4 ,!y are  unaw>e t !y owe _!    
emotion to ! exact k ( great  planes    

possess$ by ! ar*itects ( =m] days4 ,ev5
 ^u ! mo/  ignorant behold] !y impose   
?is4 ,man disreg>ds t :i* he already    
has1 & longs = some?+ else4 ,he longs = 
swiftness1 to h w+s  l a bird4 ,he does 
n "k t he already enjoys ?is pleasure ( 
mov+ ?r\gh space4 ,he rejoices 9 x 9 8  
s\l1 :i* takes w+  & goes :]e x pleases1
 ?r\gh ! sky1 on ! wat]s1 to ! dep?s  ( 
! =e/s4    ,all ! mis=tune "h bel[      
arises f a lack ( compreh5sion4 ,we     
classify our limit$ k 9 n>r[ sy/ems1 l !
 c>d-sy/ems  ( an (fice1 & ^! pitiful   
conv5tions we take s]i\sly4 ,!y  tea* u 
disconnect$ ?+s1 & we leave !m          
disconnect$4 ,^? :o  h a little pati5ce 
assemble ^! isolat$ facts2 b su* pati5t 
ones are r>e1 & no?+ is s unbe>able z t 
man :o1 n hav+  x1 speaks ill ( him :o  
has a s5se ( ! tru?4 ,to see accurately 
is  ! secret ( good design4 ,objects d>t
 at "o ano!r1 unite1 & ?r[  light on "o 
ano!r1 expla9 !mselves4 ,t is life2 a   
m>vel\s  beauty cov]s all ?+s l a g>m5t1
 l an gis4    ,god creat$ ! great laws (

 opposition1 ( equilibrium4 ,good & evil
  are bro!rs1 b we desire ! good1 :i*   
pleases u1 & n !  evil1 :i* seems to u  
error4 ,:5 we consid] matt]s f a        
di/ance1  does n evil (t5 seem good1 &  
good1 evil8 ,t is only because we  h    
judg$ )\t prop] consid]ation4 ,j z :ite 
& black are  necess>y 9 a draw+1 s good 
& evil are necess>y 9 life4 ,sorr[      
ought n to be ca/ out4 ,z long z we live
 x is z /rong a "p (  life z radiant    
joy4 ,)\t x we w\ld be v ill tra9$4     
,to compreh5d nature x is ( importance t
 we nev] sub/itute  ourselves = x4 ,!   
corrections t a man imposes ^u himself  
are a  mass ( mi/akes4 ,! tig] has claws
 & tee? & uses !m skilfully2  man at    
times %[s himself inf]ior4 ,possess+    
intellig5ce1 too  (t5 he /rives to turn 
to t4 ,animals respect ev]y?+ & t\*     
no?+4 ,! dog loves 8 ma/]1 & has no     
?\ght ( criticiz+  him4 ,! av]age man   
does n c>e t 8 daught] %\ld be          
beautiful4 ,he has 9 8 m9d c]ta9 ideas (
 mann] & in/ruction1  & ! beauty ( 8    

daught] does n ent] into ! program t he 
has made4 ,b ! daught] h]self feels !   
influ5ce ( nature1 &  displays h] mode/ 
& triumphant movem5ts1 :i* ?is bl9d "o  
does  n see1 b :i* fasc9ate ! arti/4    
,! arti/ :o tells u ( 8 ideal commits ! 
same error t ?is  av]age man commits4 ,8
 ideal is false1 9 ! "n ( ?is ideal he  
pret5ds to rectify 8 model1 ret\*+ a    
pr(\nd organism :i*  admirably comb9$   
laws regulate4 ,?r\gh 8 s-call$         
corrections he  de/roys ! ensemble2 he  
composes a mosaic in/ead ( creat+ a "w  
( art2 ! faults ( 8 model d n exi/4 ,if 
we correct t :i*  we call a fault1 we   
simply pres5t some?+ 9 ! place ( t :i*  
nature has pres5t$4 ,we de/roy !        
equilibrium2 ! rectifi$ "p is  always t 
:i* is necess>y to ! h>mony ( ! :ole4   
,!re is  no?+ p>adoxical "h1 because a  
law t is all-p[]ful keeps !  h>mony (   
opposites4 ,t is ! law ( life4 ,ev]y?+1 
!re=e1 is  good1 b we discov] ?is only  
:5 our ?\ght acquires p[]2 t  is to say1
 :5 x atta*es itself indissolubly to    

nature1 = !n x  becomes "p ( a great    
:ole1 a "p ( unit$ & complex =ces4      
,o!rwise x is a mis]able1 debas$1 deta*$
 "p cont5d+ ) a  :ole t is =m$ (        
innum]able units4    ,nature1 !re=e1 is 
! only guide t x is necess>y to foll[4  
,%e  gives u ! tru? ( an impression     
because %e gives u t ( its  =ms1 & if we
 copy ?is ) s9c]ity1 %e po9ts out !     
means (  unit+ ^! =ms & express+ !m4    
,s9c]ity1 consci5ce--^! are ! true bases
 ( ?\ght 9 ! "w  ( an arti/2 b :5ev] !  
arti/ atta9s to a c]ta9 facility (      
expression1 too (t5 he is wont to       
replace consci5ce ) skill4 ,!  reign (  
skill is ! ru9 ( art4 ,x is organiz$    
falsehood4 ,s9c]ity  ) "o fault1 inde$ )
 _m faults1 /ill pres]ves its integrity4
  ,! facility t believes t x has no     
faults has !m all4 ,!  primitives1 :o   
ignor$ ! laws ( p]spective1 nev]!less   
creat$  great works ( art because !y    
br\ght to !m absolute s9c]ity4 ,look  at
 ?is ,p]sian m9iature1 ! admirable      
rev]5ce ( ?is illum9ator  = ! =m ( ^!   

plants & animals1 & ! attitudes ( ^!    
p]sons :i* he has =c$ himself to r5d] j 
z he saw !m4 ,h[  eag]ly has he pa9t$ t1
 ?is man :o lov$ x all6 ,d y tell me  t 
8 "w is bad because he is ignorant ( !  
laws ( p]spective8  ,& ! great ,fr5*    
primitives & ! ,roman ar*itects &       
sculptors6  ,has x n be5 repeat$ly said 
t _! /yle is a b>b>ic /yle8 ,on  !      
contr>y1 x has a =midable beauty4 ,x    
brea!s ! sacr$ awe (  ^? :o h be5       
impress$ by ! great works ( nature      
h]self4 ,x  (f]s u ! /ronge/ pro( t ^!  
m5 _h made !mselves "p (  life & also a 
"p ( its my/]y4    ,to express life x is
 necess>y to desire to express x4 ,! art
 (  /atu>y is made up ( consci5ce1      
precision1 & w4 ,if ,i _h n _h  t5acity 
( purpose1 ,i %\ld n h produc$ my "w4   
,if ,i _h ceas$  to make my rese>*es1 ! 
book ( nature w\ld h be5 = me a dead    
lett]1 or at lea/ x w\ld h )held f me   
its mean+4 ,n[1 on  ! contr>y1 x is a   
book t is con/antly r5ew$1 & ,i g to x1 
kn[+ well t ,i h only spell$ out c]ta9  

pages4 ,9 art to admit  only t :i* "o   
compreh5ds leads to impot5ce4 ,nature   
rema9s full  ( unkn[n =ces4    ,z = me1 
,i h c]ta9ly lo/ "s "t ?r\gh ! fault (  
my  p]iod4 ,i %\ld h be5 able to le>n   
mu* m ?an ,i h grasp$  ) s mu* sl[ness &
 circumlocution2 b ,i %\ld n h ta/$     
less happ9ess ?r\gh t highe/ =m ( loss2 
t is1 "w4 ,&  :5 my h\r %all come1 ,i   
%all dwell 9 nature1 & %all regret      
no?+4        ,,! ,,antique--,,! ,,greeks
    ,if ! arti/s ( antiquity are !      
greate/ ( all x is because !y  approa*$ 
mo/ closely to ,nature4    ,!y /udi$ x )
 magnific5t s9c]ity & copi$ x ) all  _! 
intellig5ce4 ,!y nev] wa/$ _! "t 9 try+ 
to inv5t  some?+4 ,to inv5t1 to create1 
^! are words t mean no?+4 ,!y  cont5t$  
!mselves ) r5d]+ ! adorable model t     
en*ant$  _! eyes4 ,?is love & ?is       
respect = creation has nev] s9ce  _! "t 
be5 surpass$4 ,!y did n copy lit]ally   
:at !y saw2  to a c]ta9 degree !y       
int]pret$ ! "* ( =ms4 ,! aim (  art is n
 to copy lit]ally4 ,x consi/s 9 slightly

 exagg]at+ !  "* ( ! model 9 ord] to    
make x sali5t2 x consi/s also 9         
reassembl+ 9 a s+le expression !        
successive expressions giv5 by  ! same  
model4 ,art is ! liv+ syn!sis4    ,?is  
is :at ! anci5ts did1 ) :at ta/e1 :at   
incomp>able  sci5ce6 ,f ?is sci5ce t    
respect$ unity _! works d]iv$  _! calm1 
conta9$ =ce1 ! s5tim5t ( gr& s]5ity1 !  
atmosph]e ( peace t envelops !m4 ,!     
ignorant & ! pr(essors  ( e/hetics :o d 
n "k ! s\rce ( all ?is h nam$ x ,greek  
idealism4 ,?is is no?+ b a ^w t s]ves to
 conceal a want  ( und]/&+4 ,!re is no  
idealism 9 ! anci5ts2 !re is an  ex]cise
 ( *oice1 a m>vel\s ta/e2 b x is by !   
mo/ reali/ic  means t !y r5d] human     
beauty4    ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tempe/4  
,we o!rs1 we mod]ns1 are c>ri$ away by !
 re/lessness ( !  epo*2 we are          
sup]ficial1 we only reg>d ?+s cursorily1
 & we h  conclud$ f ?is sublime         
simplicity t ,greek art is cold4 ,to u  
inde$ x seems v cold4 ,x is really w>m4 
,to x alone belongs 9  ?is respect !    

quality ( life1 reality 9 =ms1 &        
precision 9  movem5t4 ,x is ?r\gh ?is t 
x atta9s p]fect equilibrium4 ,b  t is   
beyond our little _s ( detail4 ,we seek 
no?+ b detail2  ! ,greek1 = 8 "p1 saw   
no?+ b ! :ole2 t is to say1 !           
equilibrium1 ! h>mony4        ,,!       
,,ri*ness ,,( ,,! ,,antique ,,lies ,,9  
,,model+    ,! value ( ! antique spr+s f
 ronde-bosse4 ,x possesses 9 a  supreme 
degree ! art ( relief4 ,h[ c ! critics &
 ! pr(essors  expla9 ?is1 be+ :at !y    
are8 ,!y d n belong to ! trade4 ,art    
%\ld n be taught except by ^? :o        
practise x4    ,obs]ve any fragm5ts (   
,greek sculpture3 a piece ( an arm1 a   
h&4  ,:at y call ! idea1 ! subject1 no  
long] exi/s "h1 b is n  all ?is debris  
none ! less admirably beautiful8 ,9 :at 
does ?is  beauty consi/8 ,solely 9 !    
model+4 ,obs]ve x closely1 t\* x2 d  y n
 feel ! precision ( ?is model+1 firm yet
 ela/ic1 9 flux  l life itself8 ,x is   
full1 x is l a fruit4 ,all ! eloqu5ce ( 
?is sculpture comes f t4    ,:at is     

model+8 ,! v pr9ciple ( creation4 ,x is 
!  juxtaposition ( ! innum]able reliefs 
& depressions t con/itute  e fragm5t (  
matt]1 in]t or animat$4 ,model+ creates 
!  ess5tial texture1 supple1 liv+1      
embrac+ e plante4 ,x fills1  cord9ates1 
& h>monizes !m4 ,x p5etrates ev]y?+1 x  
animates  ev]y?+1 z well ! dep?s z !    
surfaces4 ,x comprises ! m9ute  z well z
 ! imm5se4 ,m\nta91 horse1 fl[]1 woman1 
insect equally  owe to x _! =m4 ,:5 ,god
 creat$ ! _w1 x is ( model+ ,he  mu/ h  
?\ght fir/ ( all4 ,if y consid] a h&1 y 
notice its  cont\rs & ! "* ( ! :ole4 ,b 
! eye ( ! arti/1  t eye1 sees m3 x sees 
! inf9ite assemblage ( projections &    
depressions =m+ a texture m closely     
knit1 m exactly bl5d$  ?an ! mo/ p]fect 
mosaic4 ,x is ?is t he seeks to r5d]2   
?is  t he translates1 if he is a        
sculptor1 by ! sci5ce ( depression  &   
relief1 if he is a draughtsman or pa9t] 
by t ( light &  %ad[4 ,= light s]ves1 9 
con=mity ) depressions & reliefs1  to   
give ! eye ! same s5sation t ! h&       

receives f t\*3  ,titian is j z great a 
model] z ,donatello4    ,to-day ! s5se (
 ronde-bosse is completely lo/1 n only  
9 ,europe1 b among ! peoples ( ! ,ori5t4
 ,x is ! age (  ! flat4 ,no "o kn[s     
any?+ ab\t x4 ,m5 love :at !y d         
!mselves1 until !y are made to see t x  
is n beautiful2 b x  takes ye>s & ye>s =
 ?is to p5etrate into _! consci\sness4  
,9  ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies ,*9a 
& ,japan /ill produc$  *>m+ works4 ,9   
anci5t times _! art 0 v great2 x        
approa*$  ! ,greek4 ,at ! exposition (  
#aijj1 we 7 enabl$ to see antique       
,japanese /atues1 sup]b nudes ne>ly z   
f9e z ^? ( ,greece4 ,9 our  "t ! pe/ (  
flatness has contam9at$ ! ,asiatic races
 z well z  ! ,european3 decad5ce is     
univ]sal4    ,we are s f> remov$ f      
antique beauty t :5 we photograph !     
works ( ! anci5ts we take !m 9 ! _s (   
our own ta/e1  :i* is t ( l[-relief2 we 
take f !m t fl[] ( beautiful  model+1 _!
 ri*ness1 _! cr[n+ grace4 ,:5 ,i say    
l[-relief1  ,i d n use ?is t]m exactly2 

x is only t ,i "k no o!r means  (       
express+ ! mod]n evil ( uni=mity2 b ,i  
"k t good  l[-relief is z full & z      
fruit-l z sculpture 9 ! r\nd1 t  x is   
sculpture 9 ! r\nd itself1 z 9 ! friezes
 ( ! ,p>!non1  z 9 our build+s ( !      
,r5aissance & ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4    ,!
 great conc]n ( my life is ! /ruggle ,i 
h ma9ta9$ to escape  f ! g5]al flatness4
 ,all ! success ( my sculpture comes f  
t4 ,al?\gh x has little en\gh ta/e1 !   
public1 despite all1 is  tir$ to dea? ( 
?is flatness4 ,! *>m ( ronde-bosse is s 
great  t x captivates ! ignorant ev5 )\t
 _! kn[+ x4        ,,ronde-,,bosse ,,&  
,,*i>oscuro    ,obs]ve ?is little torso 
( a woman2 x is a little ,v5us4 ,x is   
brok52 x has no long] a head1 arms1     
legs1 yet ,i nev] we>y (  contemplat+ x2
 ea* day1 ea* h\r = me adds to ?is      
ma/]piece  because ,i only und]/& x     
bett]4 ,:at c\ld x say to our  indiff]5t
 glance8 ,= me x has ! ineffable        
voluptu\sness (  s(tly matur+ fle%4 ,!  
effect lies 9 no "p & 9 e "p4  ,x is    

p]fection4 ,?is little *ildi% body1 has 
x n all ! *>m  ( woman8 ,x does n cat* !
 light1 ! light cat*es x1 glanc+  ov] x 
lightly2 )\t any effect ( r\ghness1 any 
d>k %ad[4 ,"h  %ad[ c no long] be call$ 
%ad[ b only ! decl9e ( light4  ,%e does 
n become d>k1 %e gr[s pale 9            
imp]ceptible depressions1  9 delici\s   
undulations4 ,%e is indivisible2 %e is  
:ole or  incomplete1 b h] unity is n    
di/urb$4 ,& ?is passage t jo9s  ! abdom5
 to ! ?ighs1 ?is little declivity (     
graces1 ?is valley  ( love6 ,ev]y?+ is  
full ( ! calm1 ! lightness1 ! s]5ity  ( 
pure beauty 9 ! p]fect confid5ce (      
nature4 ,! ideal t y  imag9e y f9d 9 a  
ge/ure1 9 a mom5t>y attitude1 is "h2 x  
is  "h because ( ! inf9ite love ( !     
fle%1 ( ! human fruit4 ,:at  y call !   
ideal is no?+ b ! p]fume ( beautiful    
model+4  ,:at m c\ld y ask8    ,:5 ,i   
look at ?is m>ble 9 ! ev5+ by           
c&le-light1 h[ !  wond] deep5s6 ,if ^?  
:o h be5 tell+ u = a hundr$ ye>s  t     
,greek art is cold /udi$ x ) c>e1 c\ld  

!y = "o h\r  ma9ta9 ?is absurdity8 ,?is 
sculpture1 on ! contr>y1 is ( an        
extraord9>y liv+ complexity1 :i* ! flame
 reveals2 ! :ole  surface is no?+ b     
depressions & reliefs1 b unit$1 melt$   
toge!r 9 ! great1 h>moni\s =ce ( !      
ensemble4 ,i turn !  little torso ab\t  
"u ! c>ess+ rays ( ! light4 ,!re is n  a
 fault1 n a weakness1 n a dead spot2 x  
is ! v cont9uity  ( life1 its intoxicat+
 voluptu\sness hidd5 9 ! bosom ( !      
molecule4    ,:y %\ld su* arti/s h s\ght
 to create an ab/ract ,beauty by  !     
idealization ( =ms8 ,^! m5 ( g5ius lov$ 
,nature too well to  presume to correct 
h]4 ,!y knew well t despite _! g5ius1 !y
  /ill rema9$ b5ea? h]4 ,no?+ c surpass 
! m>vel ( creation4  ,! conception ( an 
ideali/ic art comes f ! ,academy4 ,be=e 
!  purity ( ! antique =ms p us$ to      
believe t ! beauty lay  solely 9 !      
ext]ior pr(iles4 ,x is really beautiful 
because (  ! int]ior model+4 ,& /ill we 
make ?is di/9ction betwe5 !  pr(iles & !
 model+1 ?anks to our mania = divid+    

?+s2 b  we "k t ! "o is insep>able f !  
o!r2 ! surfaces are  no?+ b !           
extremities ( volumes1 ! b\nd>ies ( !   
mass4    ,all ! sculpture ( ! p]iod (   
,l\is-,philippe 0 imitat$ f !  antique1 
b only by means ( ! ext]ior pr(iles4 ,if
 x _h be5  practis$ by true model]s1 by 
geometrical m9ds1 x w\ld h be5  z       
beautiful z its orig9al4 ,:at pleas$ p 9
 t epo*1 :at  pleases p 9 ours1 is n at 
all ! antique2 x is ! fa%ion  9 :i* we  
see x4 ,x 0 ! ,r5aissance t really      
und]/ood !  ,greek4 ,x creat$ works     
exactly ! same 9 feel+1 ?\gh some:at    
diff]5t 9 arrangem5t & g5]al color4 ,=  
color does n exi/  9 pa9t+ alone4 ,its  
rle is equally great 9 sculpture4       
,to-day ?is  color is bad2 x fails to   
obta9 ! *i>oscuro :i* d]ives f          
ronde-bosse4 ,good sculpture owes to    
*i>oscuro cl>ity1 unity1 *>m1  ev51 ,i  
might say1 ! voluptu\sness ( brea?+     
fle%4 ,%ad[1 at  once lum9\s & my/]i\s1 
models ! fulness ( ! body 9 !  exub]ance
 ( heal?2 x makes "o und]/& abundance1  

solidity4 ,9  ! art ( ! ,r5aissance & ! 
eighte5? c5tury %ad[ is always  supple &
 w>m z 9 ,greek art2 x has ! t5d] color+
 ( !  vegetation ( our c\ntry1 !        
sweetness ( :i* our great arti/s h      
captur$4 ,! *i>oscuro ( ! antique       
consi/s ( ! d5sity &  dep? ( light fall+
 ov] ! entire model+4 ,*i>oscuro        
p5etrates  to e plane & r5d]s ! reality 
( !m2 x is reality itself4  ,?is is     
because ! antique & nature are "p &     
p>cel ( ! same  my/]y1 ! inf9itely      
h>moni\s my/]y ( =ce 9 susp5se4 ,!      
great arti/s compose z nature itself    
op]ates4    ,und\bt$ly ! ,greeks        
possess$ c]ta9 me?ods :i* !y h&$ d[n  f 
ma/] to pupil1 z has be5 ! case 9 all   
arti/ic epo*s4 ,!y  _h celebrat$        
ateli]s1 s*ools1 :]e !y taught _!       
pr9ciples4  ,by ! fif? c5tury !y _h     
e/abli%$ a canon ( ! human body2  b !y  
nev] made use ( x )\t consult+ ! model4 
,z = u1  we h imag9$ t we c\ld use x l a
 magic =mula4 ,x is n  ! =mula t makes !
 art2 x is ! exp]i5ce ( ! arti/  t      

creates ! =mula4 ,if we ab&on nature = a
 rule1 if we d  n con/antly vivify ! "o 
by means ( ! o!r1 we soon speak a       
language t means no?+4    ,"o _c repeat 
?is en\gh3 ! anci5ts are reali/s2 !y "w 
9  ronde-bosse4 ,?is explanation seems  
commonplace & ev5 vulg>2 x is  ! :ole   
tru?4 ,x c be und]/ood by ! humble/     
artisan1 provid$  only t he kn[s 8      
trade4 ,b x is z difficult to get x into
 !  heads ( p to-day z x is to re/ore   
fai? 9 a man :o has lo/  x4             
,,rome ,,& ,,roman ,,art    ,:at ,i h   
said ( ,greek art applies equally well  
to ,roman4 ,ano!r  op9ion has be5 adopt$
 by critics & ! _w 9 g5]al3 ! ,roman  is
 less beautiful ?an ! ,greek4 ,x is less
 beautiful p]haps1 by a  c]ta9 %ade1 a  
%ade :i* ^? :o speak ( x are incapable (
  appreciat+4 ,x is a little less       
sub/antial1 b x is sup]b4 ,x is  ,greek1
 ) a diff]5t "*1 a c]ta9 rugg$ness1 & m6
 ,!  ,maison ,c>re at ,nmes1 t little   
temple1 ! fl[] ( au/]ity1 !  smile ( !  
race z sweet z ! smile ( ,greece2 !     

,pont du ,g>d1  t h]oic ma/]piece1 t    
giant :i* be/rides ! c\ntry1 :i*        
imposes ! p[] ( ,rome on ! peaceful     
l&scape1 ^! are :at !y  criticize6      
,rome is magnific5t4 ,we say x1 b we d n
 believe x2 o!rwise x  w\ld n be        
despoil$4 ,no1 9 ,rome itself1 !y h no  
idea ( !  beauty ( ,rome4 ,:]e are !re  
arti/s great en\gh to appreciate y1     
sev]e g5ius1 spl5did city1 daught] ( !  
%e-wolf8 ,y\r g5ius  !y pillage e day4  
,!y de/roy its proportion1 & t is to    
/rike at ! f\ndation ( ! ma/] "w4       
,proportion is ! law (  ar*itecture4 444
 ,9 ! v mid/ ( ! anci5t city !y are     
sett+  up atroci\s monum5ts1 enorm\s or 
too petty4    ,9 ,rome1 z 9 ,a!ns1 z 9 !
 ,france ( ,go?ic art1 ! ar*itect (  old
 plann$ ! monum5t 9 relation to !       
l&scape2 he h>moniz$ x  ) ! outl9e ( !  
m\nta9s1 ) ! expanse ( ! surr\nd+       
c\ntry-side2 he det]m9$ its proportions 
accord+ to its environm5t4    ,!        
ar*itect ( to-day plans out 8 monum5t 9 
8 own /udy on a  piece ( pap] & produces

 x ready-made4 ,:e!r ?is mass ( /one    
oblit]ates ! build+s t surr\nd x or     
:e!r1 on ! o!r  h&1 x turns out a       
mis]able little contrivance 9 ! mid/ (  
great  works ( ! pa/ matt]s little to   
him3 he does n see x4    ,! ,fr5*       
,academy s5ds /ud5ts to "w 9 ,rome4 ,b  
!y get no?+  f ,rome1 !y c get no?+2 !y 
come !re ) a _s entirely  oppos$ to x4  
,at a "t :5 ,i did n "k ! city ,i he>d !
 bridge  ( ,sant' ,angelo spok5 ill ( & 
fun made ( ! contort$ angels2  b !y are 
all v well 9 _! place2 !y are ne$$ !re2 
!re is en\gh repose else:]e4 ,b]n9i1 s  
(t5 sne]$ at1 is z  beautiful z         
,mi*elangelo1 al?\gh he is n s f9e4 ,x  
is he :o made  ! ,rome ( ! sev5te5?     
c5tury4 ,!y d n "k t ! ,appian  ,way is 
sublime4 ,x w disappe> "o ( ^! days4 ,^!
 ?+s are  await+ _! condemnation4 ,!y   
are con/ruct+ quays l ours4 ,if  !y d n 
put a /op to x1 ,rome w be de/roy$4 ,^? 
:o h  n se5 cities su* z ?is 0 9 !      
n9ete5? c5tury w n  und]/& any?+4 ,i h  
said z mu* to my ,italian fri5ds1 :o    

appe>$ greatly a/oni%$2 = nobody makes  
^! reflections :i*  come to me con/antly
 9 my /udies4 ,!y consid] me a gloomy   
fell[1 a  misan?rope4 ,gloomy1 yes2 = x 
is pa9ful to live 9 a decad5t epo*2  b  
,i h no p>ti-pris2 ,i only wi% to try to
 arre/ ! g5]al  massacre4 ,9 ,france1 z 
ev]y:]e1 we commit exactly ! same       
faults4  ,we de/roy our monum5ts by     
surr\nd+ !m ) great op5 spaces2  we h   
ru9$ ! effect ( ,notre ,dame1 on ! side 
( ! p>vis4 ,at  ,brussels1 9 ! ,muse du 
,c9quant5aire1 !y h set up a model (  ! 
,p>!non2 b !y h plac$ x 9 ! mid/ (      
enorm\s objects  t annihilate x4 ,we h  
come to t6 ,we h kill$ ! ,p>!non6       
,b>b>ism c\ld g no fur!r4 ,we live 9 a  
b>b>\s age4 ,!re is no  d\bt ab\t t6 ,p 
cry out t we mu/ create s*ools = p  to  
le>n art2 we bungle ! mo/ beautiful (   
all s*ools--! ,museum4        ,,=       
,,am]ica    ,^! ?+s ought to be said    
aga9 & aga9 to ! po9t ( satiety1  if we 
wi% to save any remnants4 ,com+ f me1 ^:
 op9ions c>ry  "s weight1 !y are repeat$

 :5 ,i am no long] on ! spot4 ,p  feel !
 ju/ice ( !m1 ! %aft goes home4 ,a few  
:o are m  ard5t ?an ! re/ propagate !m &
 /ir up a curr5t ( op9ion  t may lead to
 re=m4 ,!re is no reason !re=e to fe>   
repeat+  !m 9 ,am]ica1 :]e also p h     
fall5 into ! g5]al error4  ,am]ican     
arti/s h foll[$ our tea*+1 altoge!r 9 a 
bad s5se4  ,not)/&+ t 9 tak+ _! po9t (  
dep>ture !y c\ld h  escap$ into ! good  
epo*s ( art1 !y h saddl$ !mselves )  !  
pov]ty ( mod]n ta/e4    ,let !m return  
to ! s*ool ( ! pa/2 above all1 let !m   
return to  nature2 x is z beautiful ) !m
 z else:]e4 ,! m\nta9s1 !  trees1 !     
vegetation1 ! m5 & wom5 ( _! own        
c\ntry--^!  %\ld be _! ma/]s 9          
ar*itecture & sculpture4 ,am]ica is full
  ( w4 ,x desires to be a great nation4 
,x /ops at no exp5se 9  ord] to obta9   
in/ruction2 x creates imm5se            
univ]sities1 libr>ies1  museums4 ,x p\rs
 into !m /reams ( money4 ,! favor ) :i* 
my  "w has be5 receiv$ !re is ! sign ( a
 movem5t t[>d tru? 9  art2 !y are       

develop+ an affection = ?is naturali/ic 
s*ool :i*  borr[s f life its *>m & its  
v>iety4 ,b all ?is w be z  no?+ unless  
,am]ica creates "w ( its own2 unless x  
breaks )  ! old errors ( ! nations (    
,europe 9 ord] to f9d ! pa? (  true     
sci5ce4    ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,village  
,,fianc,e4          ,,vii    ,,! ,,go?ic
 ,,g5ius    ,to ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,& ,,!
 ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury    ,,notre-,,dame  
,,notre ,,dame--,notre ,dame de ,p>is--m
 spl5did ?an ev] 9 !  half-light ( ?is  
w9t] day4 ,! veils ( ! atmosph]e r$ress 
!  evils t mod]n re/orations h done to  
?is monum5t2 ! folds (  ! mi/ s(t5 !    
%>pness ( ! ret\*$ outl9es3 ! elem5ts   
are m respectful to ?is ma/]piece ?an   
are m54    ,i come ^u x at ! turn ( !   
bridge4 ,at once ,i drop out ( ?is      
indu/rial epo* ( ours1 s poor despite   
its love ( money2 my  sculptor's s\l    
escapes f its exile4    ,! ,go?ic sph9x 
rises be=e me4 ,! /r5g? ( its beauty    
ov]:elms  me4 ,i /ruggle aga9/ x & ,i am
 brok5 by x4 ,!n x attracts me  anew )  

its sweetness2 x exalts me4 ,my _s makes
 ! asc5t (  ?is sculptur$ m\nta94 ,:at  
p[] 9 ^! motionless /ones to  create !  
s5se ( movem5t 9 ! m9d6 ,:at makes ?is  
possible8  ,! mason ( g5ius2 ! sci5ce ( 
oppositions4 ,t :ole effect (  p[]--he  
has put x 9 ! ?ickness ( ! f\ndations1 !
 enorm\s  walls1 ! buttresses4 ,!y are z
 =midable z ! ti]s ( a dike1  z a       
breakwat] plant$ 9 ! sea4 ,"o w\ld say t
 ?is *ur* 0  built to combat ! =ces (   
nature3 ! temple ( peace & love has  !  
air ( a =tress4    ,"o's _s is weigh$   
d[n by ! b>5ess ( ! /one1 b /irr$  by ! 
height ( ! /ructure & ! t[]s2 x so>s    
t[>d !m  z t[>d a _w t reassures x2 !   
h>d mat]ial has become  humaniz$2 !     
g5ius ( man is at play !re amid !       
lacework (  /one4 ,he has plac$ !re     
angels1 sa9ts1 animals1 fruits1 fl[]s1  
all  ! gifts ( ! seasons2 x is life 9   
its entirety su* z ! ,creator  9 ,8     
inf9ite munific5ce has be/[$ ^u him4 ,! 
,go?ic arti/  kn[s t p>adise is on e>?2 
he has no ne$ to inv5t ano!r4 ,!  *ildi%

 & monoton\s heav5 pres5t$ to u 9 our   
leg5ds is no?+  b a poor copy ( ! m>vels
 ( our life4    ,let u ent]4 ,i tremble4
 ,! beauty is t]rible4 ,i am plung$ into
  night1 a liv+ night 9 :i* ,i d n "k   
:at my/]ies are be+  enact$--! cruel    
my/]ies ( ! anci5t religions8 ,!re are  
%imm]+ rays f ! long w9d[s1 ! rose      
w9d[s4 ,hope ent]s my  he>t3 !re is     
light "h1 !n8 ,i am no long] alone4     
,my eyes gr[ accu/om$ to ?is popul\s    
obscurity4 ,!re is a _w  ab\t me1 a _w (
 columns4 ,x seems t]rible1 x is t]rible
  because ( its p[]1 b ?is p[] has its  
raison d'tre4 ,x  seems fright5+ to me b
 x is only necess>y4 ,x is di/ribut$    
p[]2 !re=e x is b5efic5t4 ,x holds !    
vault 9 ! air1 !  prodigi\s weight (    
/one t x ma9ta9s al(t1 above my head1 z 
lightly z ! canvas ( a t5t4 ,m>vel (    
equilibrium1 calculation (  !           
intellig5ce1 h[ is x possible n to adore
 y8 ,x is y t  "o comes "h to wor%ip "u 
! "n ( ,god4    ,! d>kness gr[s light]2 
x becomes *i>oscuro4 ,we are 9 a picture

  by ,rembr&t1 t great ,go?ic ( !       
sixte5? c5tury4 ,! =e/  ( pill>s divides
 ! nave into spaces ( %ad[ & light4 ,x  
is !  ord] ( nature :i* kn[s no?+ (     
disord]4 ,?is ,i r$iscov] )  joy3 ! eye 
does n love *aos4    ,i famili>ize      
myself ) ! p ( ! columns4 ,i recognize  
!m3  !y are ,romans4 ,x is ! ,roman1 !  
,romance1 h>dly alt]$1 t  comes to      
receive ! ,go?ic ar*4 ,! imm5se nave :i*
 ,i ?\ght a  =e/ full ( hidd5 dang]s ,i 
see1 ,i und]/&1 ,i read l a sacr$  book4
 ,! my/]y is n t ( cruelty2 x is only t 
( beauty4 ,x  gr[s light] gradually 9   
ord] to all[ ! _s to approa* sl[ly  !   
joy ( a p]fect int]ior4 ,?is solemnity (
 ! nave1 ?is imm5se  void1 is l ! b$ ( a
 great riv]2 ! columns range !mselves   
respectfully on ea* side 9 ord] to give 
free passage to ! flood (  human piety4 
,x fl[s l a maje/ic riv]2 x be>s onw>d  
t[>d !  tab]nacle1 ab\t :i* x spreads   
itself l a lake ( love "u !  rays ( !   
?\ght ( ,god4 ,amid ! /ones ! ar*itect  
has kn[n h[  to play ! "p ( ! apo/le3 he

 has creat$ fai?4 ,art & religion  are !
 same ?+2 !y are love4                  
,,sa9t-,,eu/a*e    ,x is ! int]ior ( ?is
 *ur* t %\ld be admir$4 ,"h ,i d  n     
exp]i5ce ! same commotion ( ! _s z 9    
,notre ,dame4 ,i am  ba!d 9 ! f9e light 
( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,at ,notre ,dame x  
0 ! %ad[ ( ,rembr&t2 "h1 x is ! cle>    
tonality ( ,fr5*  pa9t+1 ( a ,cl\t4     
,admirable is ! lan ( ?is ,r5aissance   
nave2 x is z bold z1 & ev5 p]haps bold] 
?an t ( ! ,go?ic  build+s4 ,x proce$s on
 ! same plan4 ,! skyw>d lift is only to 
be f\nd 9 ! ,go?ic2 x is ( ! v _s ( !   
race4 ,are !  vaults r\nd & no long]    
po9t$8 ,:at does x matt] if !y are      
equally elegant1 if !y h ! same arial   
grace z ! ogive8    ,:at ,i r$iscov] 9  
,sa9t-,eu/a*e1 less au/]e ?an its gr&   
si/]  ( ! ,middle ,age1 b ) a sweetness 
:i* is itself noble1 is  ! det]m9ation (
 ! ar*itect to subord9ate ev]y?+ to !   
effect ( simplicity1 to ! total effect4 
,on ea* side ( ! nave  ! columns cutt+ !
 side wall are dispos$ fanwise 9 ord] to

  hide ! light ( ! lat]al w9d[s4 ,"o    
sees no?+ b ! /one1  & yet !re is no    
effect ( heav9ess2 "o c\ld n make any?+ 
light]4 ,?is is because ! color ( ! /one
 is admirably v>i$ by  ! div]sity ( !   
flut+s t l9e ! columns4 ,! ma9 flut+    
m>ks ! outl9e1 & ! o!rs1 less emphatic1 
%ad+ (f1 give x  a velvet-l quality4 ,! 
light ?r[s a gold5 haze betwe5 ! great  
columns1 among ! deep gorges1 & is1 on !
 o!r h&1 *annel$1  /reak$ by ! little   
n]ves t impel x upw>d t[>d ! vaults4    
,by ?is effect ( lightness ! build+     
seems to rise2 x is an  assumption4 ,x  
is no long] ! =e/ ( trees t "o f9ds "h1 
b ! =e/ ( creep]s4 ,^! v]tig9\s columns 
are l f9e1  delicate v9es4 ,above ! alt>
 ! great lights ( ! w9d[s1 )  _!        
beautiful glass1 h>monize well ) ! g5]al
 color4 ,! light1  at once abundant &   
re/ra9$1 has ! coolness :i* !           
,r5aissance  recaptur$ f ,greece4 ,?is  
*ur* welcomes "o z ) an imm5se  smile2 x
 has ! sweetness ( ,*ri/ hold+ out 8    
h&s3 ,suff] !  little *ildr5 to come    

unto me4 ,intellig5ce has plann$ x1 b x 
is  ! he>t t has model$ x4    ,if we    
ent] ,sa9t-,eu/a*e at nightfall1 we c\ld
 almo/ believe  ourselves 9 a ,go?ic    
build+4 ,! ,r5aissance did n br+ ab\t   
su*  pr(\nd trans=mations 9 ar*itecture 
z p ?9k4 ,!re is a  heavy ,italian      
,r5aissance elem5t t is altoge!r ali5 to
 u2 b  9 ! true ,fr5* ,r5aissance !     
,celtic ta/e 0 n betray$3 x  0 modifi$ )
 a c]ta9 grace & elegance4 ,grace is an 
aspect (  /r5g?4 ,a nation no m escapes 
f its racial quality ?an a man  f 8     
temp]am5t4 ,! ,celtic m+l$ ) ! ,roman   
produc$ !  ,romance1 out ( :i* ! ,go?ic 
sprang directly--! ,romance1 t is  to   
say1 ! ,roman :i* has pass$ ?r\gh ! _s (
 ! ,franks4 ,x  has ! sev]ity1 ! ,roman 
qualities1 unit$ ) ! imag9ation (  !    
,b>b>ians1 s9ce we h agre$ s to call !m4
 ,! ,romance ( !  second epo* has       
already sprung =?2 x rises dur+ ! elev5?
 &  twelf? c5turies & goes to make !    
,go?ic4 ,! ,go?ic elevates &  magnifies 
! ,romance4 ,x deta*es ! buttresses1 ev5

 to ! po9t (  sep>at+ !m f ! walls1 9   
ord] to c>ry !m fur!r out to  su/a9 !   
height ( ! nave4    ,z = ! ,r5aissance1 
x cont9ues ! ,go?ic4 ,we c\ld n h a  m  
/rik+ example ( ?is ?an j "h 9          
,sa9t-,eu/a*e4 ,"h  are ! same l9es1 !  
same idea1 ) a diff]5t ornam5tation4  ,x
 is ! same body1 clo!d 9 a new way4 ,x  
is ano!r age ( !  ,go?ic2 sweet]1 less  
p[]ful1 ! f9al floresc5ce ( ! ,fr5*     
g5ius1 :i*1 despite ! adorable eighte5? 
c5tury1 foll[s a  desc5d+ pa? d[n to !  
fir/ re/oration4 ,contr>y to :at has    
be5 ?\ght & taught = s long1 !          
,r5aissance already m>ks  a /age (      
decad5ce4 ,! mo/ beautiful epo* 9       
ar*itecture &  sculpture is ! ,middle   
,age1 an age z beautiful z1 p]haps m    
beautiful ?an1 ! great age ( ,greece1 & 
almo/ univ]sally despis$  by our n9ete5?
 c5tury1 ! c5tury ( criticism &         
pret5sion1 !  c5tury ( ignorance4 ,yes1 
) ! ,r5aissance ?+s beg9 to give  way4  
,& yet to say t is almo/ a sacrilege6 ,x
 is z if "o /ruck  "o's fa!r6 ,our      

ravi%+ ,go?ic ( ! sixte5? c5tury has    
*>m$  ,france ) its ma/]pieces2 x has   
made arti/s *]i% a :ole  c\ntry1 ! sweet
 c\ntry ( ! ,loire4 ,despite its        
misalliance )  ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 x
 /ood firm1 x did n b5d2 x rema9$ !  gr&
 ,fr5* /yle4 ,witness ! ,l\vre ) its    
high pavilions2 t  sprang1 t too1 f !   
,go?ic ve92 ! sculptors ( ! ,r5aissance 
decorat$ x less sev]ely1 b ! g5]al      
aspect rema9s ! same4    ,! ,go?ic "u   
diff]5t names has be5 ! ma9 pa? ( our   
g5ius  dur+ five hundr$ ye>s4 ,x has be5
 ! bless+ ( ,france2 x 0  its active    
pr9ciple d[n to #ahbj4 ,if we wi% to    
return to art x w  only be ?r\gh        
comp>ative /udy--! comp>ison ) nature ( 
our  national /yle4 ,! beautiful l9es   
are et]nal4 ,:y are !y us$ s  little8   
,,conc]n+ ,,color ,,9 ,,sculpture    ,! 
true diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,go?ic & !       
,r5aissance does n lie  9 ! /ructure ( !
 build+ b 9 ! quality ( ! sculpture &  9
 its color4    ,:at is meant by color 9 
sculpture & 9 ar*itecture8 ,x is ! law  

( light & %ade1 ! great law (           
oppositions :i* con/itutes  ! *>m (     
nature1 ! beauty ( a l&scape at dawn1   
its spl5dor  at sunset4 ,! color spr+s f
 ! quality ( ! model+2 x is  ! relief   
:i* gives ! light tones &1 by contra/1 !
 d>k1  9 ! p>ts t d n /& out4 ,!        
ensemble ( ! int]m$i>y  dim9utions (    
light & %ade produces ! g5]al color+1 ^:
  nuances c be inf9itely v>i$ accord+ to
 ! skill ( ! arti/4  ,model+ is ! only  
way 9 :i* to express life2 & !re is only
 "o  ?+ t c\nts 9 sculpture & 9         
ar*itecture--! expression (  life4 ,a   
beautiful /atue1 a well-made monum5t1   
live l liv+ be+s2  !y seem diff]5t      
accord+ to ! day & ! h\r4 ,h[ beautiful 
x  is to give to /one1 ?r\gh no?+ b !   
values ( planes1 ?r\gh  ! h&l+ ( %ad[ & 
light1 ! same *>m ( color z t (  liv+   
nature1 ( ! fle% ( a woman4 ,9 ! pla/ic 
arts1 ! color  betrays ! quality ( !    
planes z a beautiful complexion reveals 
heal? 9 a human be+4    ,! antique has  
%ort] planes ?an ! ,go?ic2 x lacks !re=e

  ^? deep %ad[s t give to ! ,go?ic su* a
 torm5t$ & tragic  aspect4 ,! ,greek    
balances ! framework ( ! human body on  
f\r  planes1 ! ,go?ic on two only4 ,!   
latt] produces a /rong] effect1  a m    
holl[$ effect1 t effet de console :i* is
 ess5tially  ,go?ic4 ,nev]!less1 ! %ad[ 
t results f x is m su/a9$  ?an 9 !      
antique & no?+ c\ld be s(t] or m full ( 
nuances4    ,! ,roman pres5ts an        
abundance ( d>k %ad[s :i*1 9 turn1      
create  an effect ( heav9ess & d5sity4  
,! ,greek puts 9 j en\gh (  !m to quick5
 ! g5]al color+4 ,! ,roman gives a      
flatt] effect1  :i* %[s nev]!less a     
magnific5t vigor4 ,z = u1 we copy ^!    
/yles endlessly )\t und]/&+ !m1 = if we 
did und]/&  !m we %\ld d q o!rwise4 ,we 
abuse ! black1 ! p[]ful  l9es1 we put !m
 ev]y:]e2 we d n "k h[ to %ade light4 ,t
  is :y our sculpture is s poor1 :y our 
monum5ts appe> s h>d1 s  dry4 ,! ,b\rse1
 ! ,corps ,lgislatif1 might be made (   
iron ) _!  columns set aga9/ a uni=m    
backgr\nd :i* prev5ts ! light &  air f  

circulat+ ab\t !m & envelop+ !m &       
de/roys !  atmosph]e4 ,?is is :at p call
 a simple /yle4 ,x is n simple1  x is   
cold4 ,! simple is ! p]fect1 coldness is
 impot5ce4    ,! ,r5aissance recaptur$ !
 antique measure & impos$ its g5]\s     
color ^u ! ,go?ic plane4 ,x us$ less    
%ad[ ?an our sculptors (  ! ,middle     
,ages2 x dim9i%$ ! reliefs4 ,! effect 9 
consequ5ce  0 light]4 ,?is 0 because !  
,r5aissance 0 en*ant$ by all !  ,greek  
/atues t 7 discov]$ at ?is p]iod2 & 9   
its en?usiasm  x recreat$ ,greek art1 n 
by copy+ x1 b by copy+ nature  accord+  
to antique pr9ciples4 ,x is p]haps a    
little less beautiful  b x has q ! same 
feel+ ( g5tle /r5g?1 ( delicacy4 ,"o    
feels ! joy ( ! arti/ :o ?r[s himself   
aga9/ ! problem (  ! nude 9 ! op5 air4  
,till !n /atues _h be5 drap$1 b "u  !   
drap]ies 0 conceal$ a c>efully /udi$    
nude4 ,9 ! ,r5aissance  ! drap]y 0      
dropp$3 ! nymphs ( ,jean ,g\jon1 (      
,g]ma9 ,pilon--,i  recognize !m2 ^! long
 bodies ( wom51 ^! undulat+ bodies1 are 

,go?ic /atues unclo!d & set 9 ano!r     
light4 ,our :ole sixte5?  c5tury is a   
song ( grace ris+ f ! ,go?ic he>t to !  
art (  ! ,p>!non4    ,b n[h]e ?an 9 !   
c\ntry ( ! ,loire is !re ,r5aissance art
  m g5tle & amply lum9\s4 ,?is is !     
,greek "p ( ,france4 ,!  tranquil riv]  
t\*$ ! he>t ( our ar*itects & be/[$ on  
!m  "s ( its calm & smil+ maje/y4 ,f x1 
f ! air impregnat$  ) its vapors1 came  
^? *teaux s happy 9 _! beauty & ^?      
lovable cottages2 = ! arti/ work$ z     
beautifully = peasants z  = k+s4 ,be=e  
,uss1 be=e ,*5onceaux1 ,blois1          
,azay-le-,rideau1 ,i am  n 9 ! pres5ce (
 dead ?+s b ( a liv+ _s1 ! _s (  div9e  
beauty t animat$ equally ! antique & !  
,go?ic4 ,*>m+  sixte5? c5tury ,france1 x
 is y :o h =c$ me to ! /udy (           
*i>oscuro4 ,=m]ly ,i tri$ my be/ to     
und]/& y\r motives1 y\r  ?\s& n]ves1 b !
 g5]al law escap$ me4 ,i did n see y\r  
s\l1 :i* consi/s entirely 9 ! voluptu\s 
%ad+s ( light2 ,i did  n p]ceive y\r    
pr9ciple1 ! model+ :i* impress$ movem5t 

^u  ev]y?+ & gave ! movem5t life4       
,,! ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury    ,! eighte5?  
c5tury is ! exagg]ation ( ! sixte5?4    
,our elegant  h\ses1 our h\ses 9 ! /yle 
( ,l\is ,,xv & ,l\is ,,xvi h always  !  
,go?ic l9e ) its pr\d1 graceful air4    
,)\t mold+s1 )\t  ornam5ts1 _! beauty   
lies 9 _! v lack ( ornam5ts1 9 _!       
nudity4 ,b :at proportions !y h6 ,! f9e/
 ( ! f9e6    ,! eighte5? c5tury is      
consid]$ too frail1 too affect$4 ,x is1 
on ! contr>y1 full ( life & /r5g?4 ,x   
possesses admirable  sculptors3         
,pigalle1 creator ( t immortal          
ma/]piece1 ! tomb (  ,m>%al ,saxe2      
,h\don1 ^: bu/s to-day are b\ght = _!   
weight 9  gold )\t ev5 !n br++ _! prop] 
price4 ,!re 7 ?\s&s  !n1 ! :ole rank &  
file ( ! trade1 :o creat$ m>vels1 ) a   
sur5ess ( h& accu/om$ to e difficulty4  
,! outl9e ( a table1  ( a *e/1 0 z mu*  
consid]$ z t ( a /atue4 ,= t matt]1  :at
 diff]5ce did ! dim5sions ( a "w make8  
,x 0 ! model+  t c\nt$4 ,! peasant      
himself sat d[n 9 a well-made *air4     

,arti/s  & artisans _h a ta/e1 an al]t  
grace1 & a dext]ity suffici5t to  fit   
out ! :ole _w2 b _! dext]ity 0 bas$ on a
 f\ndation  ( intellig5ce z an ornam5t  
is bas$ ^u a build+4 ,! dext]ity  we    
possess n[adays is no?+ b mock]y1 a k9d 
( bant] t  t\*es ev]y?+ )\t disc]nm5t2 x
 kills =ce4    ,! ,l\is ,,xv & ,l\is    
,,xvi /yles possess$ gr&eur4 ,we call x 
! art  ( ! b\doir1 b ! b\doir ( t p]iod 
_h a nobility l t  ( ^? :ite & gold     
salons :]e ! seats are dispos$ ) dignity
  l p]sons ( quality4 ,! music _h ! same
 "*2 ! dances  also1 ! dances1 ^? *>m+  
sc5es 9 :i* m5 & wom5 ) !  natural _s ( 
play ?rew !mselves into ! cad5ce1       
translat+ x  ) ! eloqu5ce ( y\?4 ,!     
dance--t 0 ar*itecture br\ght to  life4 
,! eighte5? c5tury 0 a c5tury :i*       
design$2 9 ?is lay its  g5ius4 ,n[adays 
p are se>*+ = a new /yle & d n f9d  x4  
,/yle comes unaw>es ?r\gh ! concurr5ce (
 _m elem5ts2 b  c we a*ieve x )\t       
design8 ,to-day we design no long] & our
  art1 :i* is altoge!r indu/rial1 is    

bad4 ,! c5tral matt] 9 art  is ! nude1 &
 ?is we no long] und]/&4 ,h[ c we be    
expect$  to h art :5 we d n und]/& its  
c5tral pr9ciple8 ,! m9or  arts are !    
rays t g out f ! c5t]4 ,:5 ,i draw !    
body ( a  woman ,i r$iscov] ! =m ( !    
beautiful ,greek vases4 ,?r\gh design   
alone we arrive at a k ( ! %ad+ ( =ms4  
,! =ms t  delight u 9 ! art ( pa/       
c5turies are no?+ b ^? pres5t$  by liv+ 
nature1 ^? ( human be+s1 animals1       
v]dure1 int]pret$  by m5 ( supreme ta/e4
 ,! art t p are /ruggl+ to discov]      
to-day might be d$uc$ f my sculpture &  
my draw+s1 = ,i h  always drawn )       
passion4 ,! quality ( my draw+ ,i owe 9 
l>ge  measure to ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,i  
am no?+ b a l9k 9 ! great  *a9 ( arti/s1
 b ,i ma9ta9 ! connection ) ^? ( ! pa/4 
,at ! ,petite ,ecole !y made u copy ! r$
 *alks ( ,b\*] & !  models ( fl[]s1     
animals1 & ornam5ts4 ,!y 7 ,l\is ,,xvi  
models1  v well execut$2 !y c]ta9ly gave
 me a little ( ! w>m? ( !  arti/s ( t   
p]iod4 ,9 my y\? ,i made draw+s by !    

hundr$s1 by  ! ?\s&s4 ,at ! ,petite     
,ecole we 7 badly plac$1 badly light$   
by poor c&les2 :5 we t\*$ !m we made !m 
/icky ) ! clay  ) :i* our f+]s 7 cov]$ s
 t !y 7 worse ?an ev]  aft]w>ds4 ,x did 
n matt]2 we 7 work+ accord+ to ! "r     
pr9ciples4    ,to-day ! ,petite ,ecole  
is entirely 9 ! p[] ( ! l>g] s*ool1  t (
 ! ,beaux-,arts4 ,f> f le>n+ "o gets    
spoil$ !re = !  re/ ( "o's life4 ,"o    
copies ! antique1 b "o copies x badly4  
,i am speak+ ) ! exp]i5ce ( a g5u9e     
arti/ic life4 ,!re 0  a "t :5 ,i nev]   
talk$2 to-day ,i hold =?6 ,if ,i am     
und]/ood  x w n h be5 9 va94 ,b h[ mu*  
ef=t x w take to  ree/abli% tru?s :i*   
are s self-evid5t1 s obvi\s1 s          
fundam5tal  t "o is a%am$ to repeat !m s
 _m times6 ,nev]!less !y are  ess5tial4 
,! public is a ?\s& miles away f !m1 !  
public1  by :i* ,i mean ! g5]al ta/e4   
,if x does n become enlight5$1  art w   
disappe>4 ,obs]ve its attitude be=e !   
works ( ! new  s*ool1 be=e ! pictures ( 
^? :o call !mselves cubi/s3  s>casm1    

ang]4 ,^! arti/s %[ u squ>es1 cubes1    
geometrical  figures color$ accord+ to  
_! own ideas4 ,!y "n !m3 ,portrait  (   
,mme4 ,x4 or ,l&scape4 ,?is exasp]ates !
 public4 ,:at does x  matt]8 ,is x good8
 ,t is ! :ole po9t4 ,is ! ornam5t well  
treat$8 ,t is ! capital "q1 ! only "o t 
is n  discuss$4 ,_! canvases are        
comb9ations ( color recall+ mosaic  or  
ev5 /a9$ glass4 ,we h accept$ _m o!r    
?+s2 we h  accept$ ! gre5 or r ! violet 
wom5 ( our lat] salons1 &  wom5 ) wood5 
heads1 b we d n wi% to admit ! squ>es ( 
!  cubi/s4 ,:y8 ,!y are n portraits1 we 
say4 ,!y are n l&scapes4  ,s mu* !      
bett]6 ,!y are some?+ else4 ,:at does x 
matt] if  ! arti/ has deceiv$ himself   
kn[+ly or wilfully on a matt] s         
insignificant z ! subject8 ,x is        
ornam5tal1 t is en\gh4 ,!y are  curi\s1 
^! qu>rels t break out1 ^! sects t are  
creat$ =  reasons l ?is--= a sock put on
 inside out6 ,ignorance inflames !      
passions4 ,!re are /ruggles ^: aim is   
great2 o!rs t appe>  useless h _! use   

p]haps4    ,x may be t ?is slack5+ (    
ta/e & k is necess>y4  ,p]haps x is a   
p]iod ( transition1 a fall[ p]iod       
requir$ by !  intellig5ce l t requir$ by
 a soil t has be5 productive =  too     
long4 ,if ignorance is prolong$ x w mean
 t ! hi/ory (  ,france is end$2 x w mean
 ! annihilation ( ! ,celtic g5ius  :i*  
has f]tiliz$ ,europe = two ?\s& ye>s4   
,we %all become l  ,asia4 ,roman art    
decl9$ = f\r or five c5turies aft]      
,augu/us4 ,)  u ! decad5ce has only be5 
go+ on = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,dur+  ! pres5t 
w> m>vels h be5 de/roy$4 ,=m]ly1 ev5    
dur+  ! religi\s w>s1 ! monum5ts 7 sp>$2
 x is = ?is reason  t ,france is /ill s 
ri*4 ,:5 /one is no long] respect$1 x   
means decad5ce4 ,! cannon turn up ! e>? 
l a pl[1 level+  ev]y?+4 ,?is w> appe>s 
!re=e l an explosion ( b>b>ism2  at     
bottom x indicates a lat5t /ate ( s\l   
:i* has be5 %ap+  itself s9ce ! beg9n+ (
 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod  ! _w
 has ceas$ to obey ! law ( beauty &     
love2 x has liv$  = no?+ b bus9ess4 ,:at

 is ! lead+ idea t has precipitat$  !   
nations aga9/ "o ano!r8 ,trade3 !       
desire1 ! long+ to make  m money ?an    
"o's neighbor4 ,trade is ! anxi\s c>e ( 
p :o  ?9k ( no?+ b _! own petty welf>e2 
x is n ! basis on  :i* is f\nd$ ! gr&eur
 ( peoples4 ,x alone regulates at pres5t
  ! relations betwe5 ?+s4 ,! w> is no?+ 
b ! consequ5ce (  su* habits & _!       
natural conclusion4    ,illu/ration3    
,,metamorphosis ,,accord+ ,,to ,,ovid4  
,d y ask me :at w spr+ out ( ! conflict8
 ,i am n a prophet4  ,i "k only t )\t   
religion1 )\t art1 )\t ! love (         
nature--^! ?ree words are = me          
synonym\s--m5 w die ( ennui4  ,b no?+   
easily resigns itself to dea?4 ,an      
outbur/ ( c\rage has  j transfigur$ !   
_w4 ,c we pres]ve ?is c\rage dur+ peace8
  ,! pati5ce ( ! soldi]1 ! pati5ce ( !  
tr5*es surpasses  9 sublimity ! virtue (
 ! anci5ts4 ,w x produce a rebir? (     
intellig5ce8 ,%all we h1 9 /udy1 ! =ce (
 s\l t we h  _h 9 ! great /ruggle8 ,t is
 ! "q4 ,( c\rse ! /upid1  ! ignorant w n

 suff] any trans=mation ?r\gh ! w>2 b   
m5 ( "* w be re9vigorat$ by ! h>d%ips ( 
! milit>y  life2 we h recaptur$ pati5ce 
& we h yet to le>n :at we c  expect f   
?is virtue4 ,g5ius is z mu* "* z tal5t4 
,if we  h m5 ( =ce 9 ?is c\ntry :]e ta/e
 is a natural gift1 x  seems to me      
impossible t ?is =ce w n quick5 ! gift &
  develop x & t we %all n h once m an   
era ( beauty4    ,,augu/e ,,rod94       
,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,rod9          ,i    ,,!  
,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,ca!drals--,,influ5ce   
,,( ,,! ,,go?ic ,,on ,,! ,,art ,,(      
,,rod9--,,sa9t ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/      
7#ahhj7--,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,hell      ,9  
#ahgg ,rod9 visit$ our mo/ illu/ri\s    
ca!drals1 ,rheims1 ,ami5s1  ,*>tres1    
,soissons1 ,noyon4 ,dur+ 8 y\?1 ! *oir (
 ,beauvais  & ,notre ,dame de ,p>is     
appeal$ m to 8 imag9ation ?an to 8      
ta/e1 & x requir$ _m ye>s ( travel &    
comp>ison to enable  him to grasp !     
spl5dors ( t ,go?ic art :i* he 0 to     
admire  !nce=? at lea/ z mu* z !        
antique4 ,z a spl5didly gift$1  b       

inexp]i5c$ "y man1 he %>$ ! error ( 8   
epo*3 !  eighte5? & ! fir/ half ( !     
n9ete5? c5tury _h despis$ !  ,roman & ! 
,go?ic2 !y _h ridicul$ !m & call$ !m    
b>b>ic2  ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :ile flatt]+ 
itself t x appreciat$  !m1 did /ill     
worse--x re/or$ !m4    ,! romantic      
writ]s ( ! ,s*ools ( ,*ateaubri& &      
,victor ,hugo  _h exalt$ ! art ( !      
,middle ,ages1 b *iefly because ( _!    
hatr$ ( ! classic & )\t und]/&+ its true
 wor?4 ,:at  /ruck !m1 especially1 0 !  
imm5sity & ! picturesqu5ess (  !        
build+s1 ! luxuri\sness ( ?is /one      
vegetation1 b n !  unique "* ( _!       
ar*itecture & sculpture4    ,victor     
,hugo 0 p]haps "o ( ! few to discov] !  
precise  explanation ( ?is beauty3      
relief & model+4 ,?is all-p[]ful  writ]1
 ?is ar*itect ( words :o con/ruct$ poems
 l ca!drals1  und]/ood ! pla/ic         
intellig5ce ( ! ma/] masons because he  
himself possess$ ! s5se ( mass4 ,"o is  
conv9c$ ( ?is n only  9 read+ 8         
descriptions ( cities & monum5ts1 b 9   

/udy+  ^? a/oni%+ p5-&-ink draw+s :i* he
 multipli$ 9 idle  mom5ts4    ,if !     
romantici/s h fail$ fully to expla9     
m$ieval art to u1  let u /ill be        
grateful to !m3 !y gave our ca!drals    
back to u1  !y d5\nc$ ignorance & sc\rg$
 ! /upidity t w\ld h  end$ by te>+ d[n  
^? sublime piles4 ,f9ally if ! writ]s & 
art critics ( ?is epo* h n giv5 !m      
sup]lative praise1 if on  _! behalf !y h
 n burn$ ) apo/olic zeal1 x is because x
  0 necess>y = ?is prophecy ( art to    
come f a man ( ! craft1  a man dom9at$1 
captivat$1 himself1 by ! craft1 a man :o
 und]/ood  /one & ador$ x because he _h 
m>ri$ x 9 _s ) all its  difficulties &  
its dazzl+ possibilities4    ,t man 0 to
 be ,rod94 ,al?\gh he has be5 li/5$ to  
by !  ignorant & sup]ficial multitude1 x
 has n be5 *iefly because (  ! au?ority 
( 8 g5ius1 ( ! g5]al r5[n t he has      
enjoy$4  ,he has truly ?r[n a new light 
ov] ! my/]y ( ,go?ic con/ruction4       
,?anks to him1 we und]/& 9 a measure1 = 
tangible reasons1 !  reasons ( an actual

 c>v]1 ?is _w 9 little t con/itutes !   
,go?ic ca!drals4 ,:at /udy1 :at rese>*es
 are necess>y 9 ord] to  compreh5d ! art
 ( /onework6 ,does any "o suppose t     
,rod9 himself  has atta9$ ?is 9 a day8  
,by no means4 ,t lov] ( p]fection 9     
detail does n possess ! in/antly        
p5etrat+ glance t is (t5  ! prop]ty (   
g5ius3 to ! task ( deciph]+ our monum5ts
 he  br\ght t sl[-m9d$1 cu/om>y pati5ce 
( 81 toge!r )  8 en]gy4 ,he _h fir/ (   
all to rid himself ( ! false curr5t     
ideas4 ,aft] t ?irty ye>s ( obs]vation 7
 necess>y = him to  rea* conclusions t  
satisfi$ 8 arti/ic consci5ce4 ,ev5      
to-day  he is f> f affirm+ t he has     
und]/ood ev]y?+1 t he  has grasp$ ! full
 significance ( ! ,go?ics4 ,read 8 book1
 ,!  ,ca!drals ( ,france1 publi%$ 9     
#aiad2 obs]ve ! c>efullness (  8        
judgm5ts1 ! grop+s ( 8 ?\ght1 ! con/ant 
retrac+ (  8 /eps4 ,he makes attempts1  
v5tures2 he nev] proclaims 8 op9ion  9 !
 p]emptory tone de> to speciali/s 9     
criticism1 b endeavors  to approa*      

respectfully1 z closely z possible1 to !
 _s (  ! ma/]s4 ,sometimes a fla% (     
g5ius spr+s f 8 bra9 &  illum9es to !   
dep?s ( its my/]ies ! ,go?ic univ]se2 b 
no?+ is sugge/$ t does n spr+ f a       
prolong$ obs]vation1  & :5 at la/ he    
speaks x is 9 ! tone ( a man :o mi/ru/s 
himself4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t 9 ?is "w1 
,! ,ca!drals (  ,france1 some?+ is      
lack+1 ev5 ?\gh x is prefac$ by a long &
  v le>n$ introduction by "o ( our good 
writ]s1 ,*>les ,morice4 ,x  lacks !     
magnific5t lesson t ! read] w f9d 9 ^!  
pages1  sign$ ) ,rod9's "n4 ,?is lesson 
con/itutes really a vital page  t is1 z 
x 71 ! key & ! summ>y ( ! :ole "w2 b !  
ma/]1 hav+ giv5 me ! fir/ rights 9 x1 _h
 scruples1 z _h  ,*>les ,morice1 ab\t   
includ+ x 9 8 own book4    ,be=e obta9+ 
?is page1 ) :at insi/5ce did ,i h to "q 
,rod9 n once1 n twice1 b tw5ty times1   
dur+ ! c\rse ( a  numb] ( ye>s4 ,e "t he
 came back f "o ( 8 pilgrimages  to "s  
old city ( ! prov9ces1 to our *ur*es1   
our t[n halls1 ,i  r5ew$ my que/ions )\t

 receiv+ any satisfactory answ]4 ,9 my  
he>t ,i c\ld n b honor ?is rigor\s      
hone/y :i* 0 unwill+ to  v5ture any?+   
lightly on s va/1 s noble a subject4    
,9 #ahgg1 aft] hav+ accompli%$ 8 fir/   
t\r ( ,france1 he came  back fill$ )    
wond]4 ,b ! impression t he c>ri$ ) him 
0  /ill confus$2 he did n "k at :at po9t
 to beg9 ! analytical  /udy ( ,fr5*     
ar*itecture1 = 9 :at conc]n$ sculpture  
he  _h imm$iately be5 /ruck ) amazem5t &
 adoration be=e !  ess5tial beauty ( !  
/atus ( ,*>tres1 ,ami5s1 & ,rheims4 ,he 
_h  return$ f ,italy haunt$ by ! antique
 & ,mi*elangelo1 & n[  "h he 0 haunt$ by
 ! model+ & ! rhy?m ( ! ,go?ic figures4 
,b 9 ord] to und]/& !m entirely he _h to
 r$iscov] ?is  model+ & ^! movem5ts 9   
nature1 he _h to v]ify !m 9 !  liv+     
model4 ,=tune favors ^? :o seek greatly4
 ,:5 "o is !  victim ( an idea unexpect$
 elem5ts arise to n\ri% & develop x4    
,"o day two ,italians knock$ at ! door (
 8 /udio4 ,"o ( !m1  a pr(essional      
model1 _h already pos$ = ,rod9 & he     

introduc$  ! o!r1 8 comrade4 ,he 0 a    
peasant f ! ,abruzzi :o _h come  to seek
 8 =tune 9 ,p>is4 ,he 0 fre% f 8 native 
prov9ce4  ,8 robu/ body1 8 fi]ce head1 8
 bri/l+ be>d & hair1 &  above all 8     
expression ( indomitable =ce *>m$ !     
arti/4 ,he  undress$1 climb$ ^u !       
model's /&1 plant$ himself firmly on  8 
legs1 :i* 7 spread l a compass1 ! head  
well rais$1 &1  cont9u+ to talk1 advanc$
 ) a ge/ure full ( ardor4    ,rod91     
/ruck by ?is wild en]gy1 imm$iately set 
to "w4 ,he made !  man su* z he saw him2
 he desir$ to capture ?is movem5t ( !   
legs1  ?is brusk =w>d movem5t t         
complem5t$ ! movem5t ( ! arms1  ! %9+   
eyes1 ! op5 m\?4 ,he surr5d]$ himself to
 a great  /udy1 )\t any preconceiv$     
idea1 )\t any int5tion ( treat+  a      
subject4 ,:at he made 0 a man walk+4 ,! 
"n has /uck to !  figure4 ,! fir/ /udy  
rema9s incomplete2 ,rod9 has sculptur$  
nei!r  ! head nor ! arms2 :at he s\ght  
eag]ly1 passionately1 0 !  equilibrium (
 ! torso & ( ! legs ca/ =w>d into space4

 ,he  succe$$2 he made a sup]b fragm5t1 
,! ,man ,walk+4 ,?irty ye>s  lat] x     
occurr$ to a gr\p ( 8 admir]s to ask !  
/ate to acquire  ?is /udy & erect x 9 ! 
c\rt ( ! ,fr5* embassy at ,rome1 9  !   
,f>nese ,palace2 b ! (ficial ar*itects  
up to ! pres5t "t  h object$ to !       
erection ( ?is /atue1 & = ! la/ sev5 or 
eight ye>s x has await$1 9 "s obscure   
%$1 ! good pleasure (  ^! g5tlem54      
,rod91 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 ,italian peasant1
 _h r$iscov]$1 to 8  great joy z a      
seek]1 ! peculi> equipoise ( ! ,go?ic   
figures4 ,9  ! antique /atues !         
plumb-l9e falls ?r\gh "o ( ! legs1 :ile 
! o!r1 lightly rais$1 impresses on !    
diff]5t planes ( ! body  ! graceful     
effect t has become classic4 ,9 ,go?ic  
/atues1 on !  contr>y1 ! l9e (          
equilibrium passes ?r\gh ! middle ( !   
body  & falls "r betwe5 ! two legs z !y 
are plant$ on ! e>?4    ,9 ,! ,age (    
,bronze ,rod9 has adopt$ ! balanc$ rhy?m
 ( ,greek  sculpture2 9 8 new figure he 
pass$ to ! ,go?ic equipoise1 )  a h>mony

 t is less graci\s1 b ) a reality /rong]
 & m  liv+4 ,:at he did n ab&on 0 !     
rigor\s con/ruction & !  /r5g? ( model+ 
:i* 8 /udy ( ! antique _h giv5 him4 ,!  
,man ,walk+1 z well z ! great] "p ( 8   
subsequ5t works1 ?us  exhibits ! union (
 ! two great pr9ciples ( sculpture t h  
gov]n$ ! ,occid5tal g5ius4    ,rod91    
/r5g!n$ by /udy1 n[ made a complete     
/atue ) head &  arms4 ,:ile he 0 work+  
he discov]$ t 8 model 0 half a  savage1 
/ill close to ! animal & its f]oci\s    
in/9cts4 ,sometimes  8 eyes burn$1 8    
jaws1 arm$ ) p[]ful tee?1 7 ?ru/  =w>d z
 if to bite some?+2 he resembl$ a wolf4 
,at o!r times a  k9d ( /range passion   
inflam$ him4 ,8 face radiat$ fai? & w2  
he spoke ) su* en]gy t he seem$ to be   
h>angu+ a cr[d2 "o  w\ld h ?\ght him a  
prophet ( ! primitive ages1 a vision>y  
bur/+ =? f ! des]t to prea* & to conv]t 
! p4  ,rod9 reg>d$ him 9 amazem5t4 ,x 0 
no long] 8 model1 b a man  f ! ,bible2  
surely x 0 a prophet t /ood be=e him3 x 
0  ,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/ br\ght back to 

life4 ,! sculptor b[$ be=e  ! comm& (   
nature3 8 /atue %\ld be> ! "n ( !       
=]unn]4    ,illu/ration3 ,,eve4    ,he  
?\ght at fir/ ( emphasiz+ ! di/urb+     
impression3 he plac$  on ! %\ld]s (     
,sa9t ,john a simple cross4 ,b "h 0     
reveal$ !  all-p[]ful in/9ct ( !        
sculptor1 mak+ ! subject1 ! anecdote1  !
 lit]>y connotation a matt] ( second>y  
importance4 ,! cross1  ! sublime symbol1
 w\ld be "h only an accessory1 n really 
ne$$4  ,x w\ld complicate ! simplicity (
 l9e dictat$ by ! laws (  sculpture1    
de/roy+ ! appositions ( equilibrium ( ! 
great body  & di/ract+ ! att5tion f t   
speak+ head4    ,s ,rod9 gave x up4 ,he 
came at la/ to ! decision t 8 "w  %\ld  
rema9 free f :at 0 n ( ! v ess5ce ( art4
 ,he s5t  x (f 9 ! =m 9 :i* x appe>$ 9 !
 ,salon ( #ahhj1 add+  also ,! ,age (   
,bronze4    ,! arti/s1 ! true arti/s1 ^?
 ^: en?usiasm 0 n poison$  by envy &    
jeal\sy1 applaud$ ^! two sup]b figures  
arti/ically  s diff]5t1 b s simil> 9 _! 
s9c]ity2 !y acclaim$ !m  ) ! grave joy (

 g5]\s s\ls :o p]ceive ! dawn ( a great 
tal5t4 ,! "n ( ,rod9 became fix$ =ev] 9 
_! memory4    ,z = ! jury ( ?is ,salon1 
x consid]$ x suffici5t to aw>d  ! ,sa9t 
,john ! ,bapti/ & ,! ,age ( ,bronze a   
m$al ( !  ?ird class4 ,let u1 9 turn1   
give x our rew>d--! rew>d = its         
ins5sitiv5ess--by n disclos+ ! names ( !
 sages :o compos$  x4        ,,! ,,gate 
,,( ,,hell    ,:ile f9i%+ ^! works1 :i* 
he 0 n ev5 c]ta9 ( be+ able  to sell1   
,rod9 0 /ill compell$ to provide = 8 own
 subsi/5ce  & t ( 8 family2 he _h also  
to meet ! exp5ses ( 8 trade4  ,a co/ly  
trade6 ,x requires a /udio1 models1 l>ge
 fires to keep !m  w>m1 clay1 tools ( e 
k9d4 ,x 0 luck en\gh if ! sculptor1     
/ill unkn[n1 0 able to h pla/] ca/s made
 ( 8 "w4 ,b  ?is did n satisfy him2 he  
dream$ ( see+ !m take on a new  aspect 9
 ! ri*ness ( m>ble & bronze4 ,alas6 9 _m
 cases he  _h to wait until middle age  
to h ?is dream realiz$4 ,rod9 has  nev] 
compla9$ ( ! sl[ness ( =tune4 ,he kn[s t
 9 ord] to  atta9 ! fullness ( 8        

productive p[] x is well = ! arti/  to  
be ?w>t$1 exalt$ by difficulties1 !     
desire to conqu]4 ,aft] a  five-ye>s'   
/ay 9 ,belgium he _h return$ to ,p>is to
 take "p 9 !  "w ( ! ,_w ,exposition (  
#ahgh1 & he _h tak5 a position )  !     
ornam5t-work] ,legra91 9 ^: work%op he  
met ,jules ,desbois1  ! future great    
sculptor1 to :om he became atta*$ =     
life4 ,:at  innum]able decorations he   
execut$ at t "t--decorations :i*        
disappe>$ l ! leaves & fl[]s ( ! season 
:5 ! /ucco  palaces ( ! exposition      
vani%$6 ,only ! masks ornam5t+ !        
,palais du ,trocadro rema9$4    ,at !   
same "t he accumulat$ bu/s1 /udies1 l>ge
 figures )  a fury ( "w :i* f !n on 0 to
 resemble t ( ! mo/  p[]fully productive
 m9ds1 ! fecundity ( a ,rub5s1 ( a      
,balzac1 (  a ,mi*elet1 ( a ,hugo4 ,9 ! 
/udios :i* he r5t$ 9 ! ,faub\rg  ,/4    
,jacques1 f #ahgg to #ahhc1 besides !   
,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/1 he  execut$ !    
admirable little t\gh model ( ! ,monum5t
 ,commemorat+  ! ,national ,def5se2 aft]

 8 wife1 ^: *>act]ful features &        
naturally tragic c\nt5ance he _h (t5    
reproduc$1 he made a helmet$  bu/1 a    
,bellona4 ,he exhibit$ ?ree life-siz$   
figures3 ,! ,creation  ( ,man2 ,adam1   
s9ce de/roy$2 & ,eve1 ! bronze ( :i* did
  n appe> until ! ,salon ( #ahii4 ,he   
did ! bu/s ( ,w4,e4 ,h5ley2  ! pa9t]    
,jean-,paul ,laur5s 7to m5tion "s ( !   
mo/ beautiful71  ,c>ri]-,belleuse1 !    
et*] ,alphonse ,legros1 all 9 ! mid/ (  
difficulties & inju/ices :i* did n 9 any
 way di/urb ! dep?s  ( 8 s]5ity1 ! noble
 tranquillity ( ! artisan sure ( atta9+ 
8 end by labor4 ,is x possible to-day to
 believe t ! model ( !  ,monum5t ( !    
,def5se 0 n only refus$1 b 0 n ev5      
class$  among ! ?irty designs t 7 reta9$
 by ! jury ( #ahhj aft]  ! fir/ *oice _h
 be5 made8 ,?is same jury1 ! composition
 ( :i*  is also wor?y ( pass+ into      
hi/ory1 decid$ on a solemn confection   
by ,m4 ,b>rias = ! prix de ,rome1 !     
result ( :i* 0 t f\r  ye>s lat] its     
creator 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,academy ( 

,f9e ,arts4    ,i d n "k :e!r _m        
collectors cont5d = reproductions ( ,m4 
,b>rias's mon/r\s design = a clock2 b   
,rod9's gr\p1 a w\nd$  soldi] entirely  
envelop$ by ! w+s ( a prodigi\s figure (
 a  w>rior goddess cry+ out = aid1 :i* 0
 lat] r5am$ ,! ,g5ius  ( ! ,def5se or ,!
 ,appeal to ,arms1 & :i* has acquir$    
to-day  s pa!tic a "* ( actuality1 is   
covet$ by mo/ ( ! museums  & art        
collectors ( ,europe & ,am]ica4    ,z if
 ^! works1 :i* h s9ce acquir$ su* glory1
 7 no?+  b fragm5ts ( second>y          
importance1 ,rod9 attack$ a great piece 
(  "w1 l ^? t us$ to be execut$ 9 !     
great ages ( art3 he  und]took ! fam\s  
,gate ( ,hell4    ,at ! "t ( ! affair ( 
,! ,age ( ,bronze !re 0 at !  head ( !  
m9i/ry ( f9e arts1 an "u-secret>y ( /ate
 nam$  ,edmond ,turquet4 ,to him fell ! 
task ( decid+ 9 ! la/ resort !  case (  
,rod94 ,m4 ,edmond ,turquet 0 a         
brilliant lawy] :o _h become  procureur 
"u ! empire1 :i* did n altoge!r qualify 
him =  ! "p ( director ( f9e arts "u !  

republic4 ,9 ! field (  art he knew no m
 ?an any "o else1 ,rod9 says2 b he 0 a v
  fair-m9d$ man1 & 8 hone/y _h ! effect 
( quickly /raight5+  out ! affair ( !   
sculptor4 ,9 8 g5u9e desire to atone = !
  wrong done to ,rod9 9 ! eyes ( public 
op9ion he n only (f]$  to obta9 = him a 
position 9 ! porcela9 factory at ,svres1
 9  ord] to assure him a regul>         
livelihood1 b ord]$ f him a great       
ornam5tal piece1 a door de/9$ = !       
,palais des ,arts ,dcoratifs4  ,9       
addition1 by a special privilege creat$ 
9 favor ( arti/s "u  ,l\is ,,xiv1--a    
privilege ! traditions ( :i* ! ,fr5*    
,gov]nm5t  has happily p]petuat$1--,m4  
,turquet grant$ ,rod9 a good /udio 9 !  
,dpt des ,m>bres1 s t he c\ld execute 8 
ord]4    ,& :at w y repres5t on t door8 
enquir$ ! "u-secret>y  ( /ate4    ,i am 
sure ,i don't "k1 repli$ ! arti/4 ,b ,i 
%all make a  quantity ( little figures2 
!n no "o w say t !y are ca/s  tak5 f !  
life4    ,?us we f9d him at ,svres1 a   
c]ami/2 he has c>ri$ on s _m  diff]5t   

trades t he succe$s m>vel\sly ) ?is "o4 
,x 0 8  task to decorate vases (        
delicate clay2 he model$ light          
bas-reliefs1  repres5tations (          
my?ological sc5es1 idylls4 ,nymphs1     
cupids1 fauns1  evok$ by 8 miracul\sly  
delicate f+]s1 7 born out ( ! milky1    
transp>5t mat]ial1 br++ back to life !  
fl[]y graces ( !  draw+-room art ( !    
eighte5? c5tury1 ! da9ty elegances ( !  
wax figures ( ,clodion1 b ) a grav] s5se
 ( ! my/]y ( nature  & ( love4          
,un=tunately1 :5 ^! vases left ! h& ( ! 
ma/] !y 7  ov]lad5 ) hide\s ornam5ts 9 !
 /yle ( ,l\is-,philippe4  ,moreov]1 !   
(ficials at ! head ( ! factory did n l  
!m4  ,!y 7 c>ri$ up to ! attics1 !y 7   
left ly+ ab\t on !  floor1 9 ! secret   
hope ( see+ !m brok5 by ! feet ( "s     
c>eless or ill-will$ workman4    ,!     
feel+ ( be+ isolat$ & misund]/ood at    
times ?rew a %ad[  ov] ! s\l ( !        
sculptor2 b on ! o!r h& he felt himself 
s /rong1 s solidly bas$ 9 8 w1 9 8      
self-confid5ce1 &  9 ! virtue ( labor t 

^! mom5ts ( depression pass$ away       
quickly4 ,besides1 he knew ! secret ( ! 
poor1 ! secret ( creat+  happ9ess =     
oneself out ( ev]y?+ t ! ri* & p[]ful   
despise3 a simple life1 heal?1 regul>   
"w1 ! contemplation (  nature1 & a few  
real fri5d%ips4 ,rod9 e>n$ at ,svres    
only two or  ?ree francs an h\r & lo/ a 
great deal ( "t on ! railroad4 ,:at  did
 x matt]8 ,he f\nd pleasure & re/ 9 ^!  
little j\rneys4  ,e day he set out f    
,p>is by tra91 &1 ! day ov]1 w9t] &     
summ]1 8 wife came to meet him4 ,!y     
return$ toge!r on foot ei!r  along !    
banks ( ! ,se9e1 *>m+ 9 _! pr(usion (   
little  hills & isl&s1 cov]$ ) mead[s or
 f9e trees1 or ?r\gh !  woods ( ,meudon 
& ,clam>t1 ) _! vi/as ( ,p>is1 its      
heights1  its build+s1 its *ang+ sky    
full ( light & _s4    ,at ! end ( f\r   
ye>s ( opposition & annoyance ,rod9 gave
 up  pott]y 9 ord] to consecrate himself
 :olly to 8 own "w4 ,!  museum ( !      
factory pres]ves a vase sign$ by him1 & 
! future  ,muse de l',htel ,biron c %[ a

 second example4 ,:at has become ( !    
o!rs8 ,:at price w\ld n be paid = !m    
to-day by admir]s ( !  ma/]8    ,^!     
supplem5t>y works did n turn him away f 
8 ess5tial task2  :atev] 7 ! te*nical   
means employ$1 8 ef=ts t5d$ t[>d  "o    
unique end1 ! pla/ic quality1 & he gave 
himself up desp]ately  to ?is se>* 9    
execut+ 8 new ord]1 ! ,gate4    ,ris+ at
 f\r 9 ! morn+1 z he _h done 9 8 y\?1 he
 /udi$  ! plans & ! details ( ?is great 
"w4 ,he _h ann\nc$ a s]ies  ( little    
figures4 ,h[ 0 he to gr\p !m8 ,:at      
visions surg$ 9 !  sculptor's           
imag9ation8 ,( :at leg5d>y !me1 :at !me 
( hi/ory  or poetry1 %\ld he make use 9 
ord] to realize 8 program8 ,he _h  nev] 
ceas$ to be a passionate read]4 ,he read
 especially ! ,greek  poets & dramati/s1
 ! ,roman hi/orians1 ! old ,fr5*        
*ronicles1  ,dante1 ,%aksp]e1 ,victor   
,hugo1 & ,baudelaire4 ,he did n wi% to  
draw  ! subject ( 8 future "w f ,hom]1  
s*ylus or ,sophocles2  ! ,s*ool ( !     
,beaux-,arts _h s abus$ ! !me ( !       

antique1  already immortaliz$ by ,greek 
sculptors1 t x _h entirely lo/ its      
fre%ness4 ,! mod]ns attract$ him less1 b
 he 0 obsess$ by !  "w ( ! great poet ( 
! ,r5aissance1 by ! ,div9e ,com$y (     
,dante4 ,he _h read & r]ead x & made a  
sort ( comm5t>y 9 !  =m ( innum]able    
sket*es :i* he jott$ d[n morn+s & ev5+s 
at table1 :ile walk+1 /opp+ by ! wayside
 to da% (f attitudes  & ge/ures on !    
leaves ( 8 note-book4 ,he r$iscov]$ 9 ! 
poem ( ,dante ! fateful gr&eur ( !      
,greek dramas1 b ) an  atmosph]e m      
mod]n1 clos] to ourselves1 m m\rnfully  
famili> to  our angui%es & our torm5ts4 
,! idea took %ape 9 8 imag9ation1  t    
imag9ation ceaselessly rumbl+ & groan+ l
 a =ge2 x  exalt$ 8 bold _s4 ,g5ius jo9s
 to ! ri*ness ( ! intellect  !          
simplicity ( he>t t creates fai?4 ,g5ius
 believes ev] m  ?an x ?9ks4 ,x has !   
/r5g? :i* succe$s 9 any?+1 &  x         
possesses also t supreme gift1 !        
+5u\sness ( ! *ild :o  d\bts no?+4 ,rod9
 believ$ ! poem ( ,dante z if he _h liv$

 x1  z ,dante himself believ$ 9 ,v]gil4 
,:at a magnific5t homage great m5  r5d] 
to "o ano!r 9 ?is cr$ulity ( g5ius t[>d 
g5ius6    ,illu/ration3 ,,rod9 ,,at ,,"w
 ,,on ,,! ,,m>ble4    ,! subject *os5 by
 ,rod9 = 8 decorative panels1 !n1 0     
hell--hell z ,dante conceiv$ x 9 a      
vision t l5ds itself1 =  t matt]1       
m>vel\sly to a pla/ic realization4 ,!   
,gate w\ld  be a poem1 an imm5se        
sculptur$ poem2 t is to say1 a rsum (  !
 attitudes & ge/ures ( life call$ =? by 
! release ( !  passions1 a /range       
catalogue ( ! expressions ( ! human body
 "u  ! %ock ( sorr[ & ( joy4 ,if !      
imag9ation ( ,rod9 caught  fire l t ( a 
vision>y1 he rema9$ beyond ev]y?+ &     
above  ev]y?+ ! sculptor1 & he plung$   
imm$iately into ! se>* =  ! g5]al s*eme 
( ! "w4    ,! tru? ( ! movem5ts1 !      
poetry ( ! evocations1 8 models  w\ld   
give him2 he c\ld feel at ease z to t3 !
 res\rces t  nature w\ld (f] him 7      
inexhau/ible4 ,b ! plan1 t he  mu/ f9d  
himself2 he mu/ d ! "w ( ! build]1 almo/

 ( !  geometrician4 ,!re c\ld be no     
self-deception z to t4 ,! full]  !      
ornam5tation 0 to be ( figures &        
movem5ts1 ! m solid  mu/ be ! frame ( ! 
imm5se picture1 ! m vigor\s & compact   
mu/ be ! g5]al plan ( ! "w4    ,rod9's  
m9d wav]$ betwe5 two great s*ools1 t ( !
 ,r5aissance  & t ( ! ,middle ,ages1 t  
:i* _h produc$ ! doors ( !  bapti/ry at 
,flor5ce & t to :i* we owe ! portals ( !
 ,go?ic  ca!drals4    ,! celebrat$ gates
 ( ,flor5ce are a s]ies ( bas-reliefs   
arrang$  symmetrically 9 a regul>       
framework2 !y pres5t a s]ies ( sep>ate  
pictures hav+ no common bond except _!  
subject4 ,! execution  is admirable1 & x
 is p]haps impossible to surpass x4     
,lor5zo  ,ghib]ti has done !re ! "w ( an
 incomp>able model]1 actually  a        
goldsmi?2 b he has 9 no way tr\bl$      
himself ) reg>d to  ar*itecture4 ,n[1   
ar*itecture is ! great ,fr5* po9t (     
view4 ,!  ,roman & ! ,go?ic h plac$ 9 _!
 monum5t 7! *ur*7 t  o!r monum5t 7!     
portal74 ,! portal is complete 9 itself2

 !  art ( ! sculptor & t ( ! ar*itect h 
unit$ & become  indi/+ui%able "h 9 ord] 
to realize an absolute beauty4    ,rod91
 pr(\ndly ,fr5*1 inh]it+ ! in/9ct & ta/e
 ( 8  ance/ors ! ma/]-masons1 hav+ to   
compose a door1 0 fat$ to  conceive a   
portal4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he c\ld n escape !
 influ5ce  ( ! antique1 ! result ( 8    
e>ly /udies4 ,?is 0 ! entirely  diff]5t 
elem5t :i* 9 ! c\rse ( ! "w he _h       
und]tak5 0  to m+le ) ! ,go?ic elem5t4  
,x 0 n ! fir/ "t t ! m+l+ ( ^! two great
  conceptions ( art _h occurr$ 9        
,france4 ,f x _h sprung our  ,r5aissance
 sculpture2 9 t epo* ! sculpture ( !    
,greeks unit$  itself ) ! ,go?ic        
ar*itecture1 ! ,hell5ic sunlight br\ght 
to  blossom ! maje/y ( our monum5ts4    
,does n ,rod9 himself1 ) 8  va/ outlook 
ov] ! :ole field ( art1 call ?is p]iod (
 national  art1 ! sixte5? c5tury1 !     
,fr5* ,go?ic8    ,! ,gate ( ,hell1 !n1  
took on 9 its g5]al /ructure a          
,r5aissance  aspect4 ,x pres]ves !      
graceful l9e ( ! ,go?ic portal & has !  

lum9\s :it5ess inspir$ by ,greek        
sculpture4 ,?is s+ul> "w has  t\*$ all  
contempor>y arti/s4 ,mo/ ( our writ]s h 
describ$ x1  &1 aft] !m1 ! critics ( o!r
 c\ntries4 ,?is liv+ multitude1  ?is    
suff]+1 groan+ multitude t cov]s ! two  
panels ) a  ?\s& passionate movem5ts1   
has drawn into its magic :irlpool !  _w 
( lit]ature1 :i* has be5 able to lib]ate
 itself only by  means ( innum]able     
pr9t$ pages4 ,! poem ( ,dante has come  
=? z  x 7 revivifi$ f ! h&s ( ,rod94    
,fre% te>s1 "o w\ld say1  h ba!d ! mo/  
poignant passages2 ! pity ( a man (     
to-day1  ( "o l ourselves1 our bro!r1   
has envelop$ ! t]rible "w (  ! ,flor5t9e
 poet1 t man ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ) an    
atmosph]e (  t5d]ness & compassion :i*  
seems ! emotion ( ,*ri/ianity at its    
pure/1 its orig9al s\rce4 ,9 ord] to    
become our own1 x has pass$  ?r\gh !    
great s\l ( ,rod94 ,x is n surpris+1 !n1
 t !  s5sibility ( our arti/s1 reanimat$
 by ?is new spectacle1 %\ld be  t\*$ to 
s volum9\s an expression by ?is haunt+  

"w4    ,b :at has n be5 suffici5tly     
rem>k$ is t ! ,gate is1 above  ev]y?+1 a
 piece ( ar*itecture ( ! highe/ ord]4   
,:5 we see x we are at once /ruck ) an  
impression ( maje/y1 (  calm /r5g? &    
pl5itude4 ,x seems ev5 long] ?an x      
actually is4  ,x is a rectangle six     
met]s high & two & a half met]s wide1 b 
! s\rce ( ! illusion is ! ju/ness ( !   
proportions & !  value ( ! masses4    ,!
 p[]ful frame is furr[$ ) deep          
depressions4 ,x re/s on !  gr\nd ^u a   
/rong base f :i* rise ! two door-po/s1 z
 robu/  z pill>s & m\nt+ toge!r t[>d !  
summit4 ,a p$im5t 9 !  %ape ( an        
entablature ov]hangs ! entire monum5t1  
ca/+ ov]  x a deep %ad[ full ( nuances2 
& x is ?is %ad[1 skilfully  graduat$1 t 
gives to ! "w its ri*1 s(t color4 ,!    
body (  ! portal is divid$ into two     
panels2 a va/ tympanum surm\nts !m      
transv]sally4 ,?is tympanum1 surm\nt$ by
 a l>ge cornice1 dom9ates  ! "w4 ,)\t   
weigh+ x d[n1 x gives x its mass1 x     
attracts1  x obsesses1 ! eye2 x is ! s\l

 ( ! edifice1 its intellect4 ,no  ^w c m
 ju/ly describe x ?an ! ^w br[1 = x is  
magnetic1  haunt+1 my/]i\s1 l ! =ehead (
 a man ( g5ius4    ,! panels s9k deep   
into a %ad[ t is heavy1 b n h>%1 :ile  9
 ! =egr\nd ! pill>s advance into !      
light2 ! delicate  bas-reliefs t cov] !m
 keep !m 9 a silv]y atmosph]e1 !  s\rce 
( ! great s(tness :i* envelopes ?is "w1 
o!rwise sev]e  & tragic1 ! s\rce ( !    
fugitive lightness ( ! l9es1 :i*  /rike 
up f ! e>? t[>d ! somb] & torm5t$ upp]  
regions4    ,c>ri$ away by ?is m>vel\s  
te*nic1 ! _s ( ! visitor  succumbs2 x   
foll[s ?is asc5d+ movem5t ( ! door-po/s1
 to lose  itself 9 ! sorr[ful dream     
sculptur$ on ! tympanum4    ,on ! panel 
wri! ! clu/]s ( human figures1 ! eddies 
( !  multitude ( damn$ s\ls pursu$ by ! 
rage ( ! elem5ts1 by  ! dev\r+ tongues (
 ! inf]nal fire1 by ! froz5 wat]s1 by  !
 w9d t te>s !m & /+s !m4 ,x is1 says !  
em95t  art critic ,gu/ave ,jeffroy1 9 ! 
mo/ beautiful pages t h  be5 consecrat$ 
to a description ( ?is "w1 ! dizzy :irl1

 !  fall+ ?r\gh space1 ! grovel+ on !   
face ( ! e>? ( a  :ole wret*$ humanity  
ob/9ately p]si/+ 9 liv+ & suff]+1       
bruis$ & w\nd$ 9 its fle%1 sadd5$ 9 its 
s\l1 cry+ al\d  its griefs1 h>%ly laugh+
 ?r\gh its te>s1 *ant+ its brea?less    
fe>s1 its sickly joys1 its ec/atic      
sorr[s4    ,! g5ius ( ,rod9 became      
intoxicat$ ) all ! res\rces ( 8  art4   
,ma/] ( a te*nic ( ! fir/ ord]1 he      
delight$ 9 e k9d  ( effect1 arrang+ !m z
 a great symphoni/ arranges ! in/rum5ts 
( an imm5se or*e/ra4 ,l[-relief1        
half-relief1 high-relief1 &  sculpture 9
 ! r\nd1 he omitt$ none4 ,he did n yield
 to !  lit]>y temptation4 ,at ! height (
 8 fev] ( inv5tion he 0  circumspect1   
measur$1 guid$ by 8 k z a model]4 ,!    
poet  ?9ks1 b ! c>v] speaks2 he speaks  
ju/ly1 he speaks admirably1  because he 
uses only 8 own true & p]sonal language1
 :i* he kn[s  f ! gr\nd up4 ,t is ! :ole
 secret ( ! way 9 :i* ?is  man inflames 
our s\l & subjugates our imag9ation4    
,two pr9cipal notes1 two motives =m1    

above ! :irlw9d ( !  inf]nal fires1 a   
re/+-place = ! eye tr\bl$ by s mu*      
vehem5ce3 "o1 9 ! mid/ ( ! tympanum1 is 
! figure ( ,dante4 ,x  is ,dante1 b x is
 ev5 m ! et]nal poet4 ,seat$1 lean+ ov] 
!  abyss ( suff]+1 ?rill$ ) angui%1 he  
seems to seek 9 ! v  dep?s ( ! pit      
itself ! ^w ( inf9ite pity t w deliv]   
?is sorr[ful humanity4    ,high] yet1   
above 8 b[$ head1 ris+ sudd5ly f ! frame
 &  splay$ 9 a l>ge protub]ance1 a gr\p 
( ?ree entw9$ figures  cr[ns & completes
 ! br[4 ,) ! same despair+ ge/ure !y    
po9t to ! multitude ( ! damn$4 ,"o does 
n "k :at ^!  %udd]+ be+s are1 b !y h !  
sweetness ( angels2 at once  we seem to 
he> _! lips murmur ! words ( ! gr&      
,flor5t9e1  ,lasciate ogni sp]anza2 b   
across _! =ms1 _! compassionate  =ms1 _!
 frat]nal =ms1 "o feels pass+ a tremor (
 love &  pity4 ,f> f condemn+1 _! clasp$
 h&s (f] to ! sad wreckage  ( fatality t
 wri!s at _! feet a sign1 a unique sign1
 ! sign  ( good-w ( pity4           99  
99       99       99       99    ,!     

,gate ( ,hell 0 %[n only once to !      
public4 ,?is 0 at !  ,univ]sal          
,exposition ( #aijj4 ,al?\gh x 0 ne>ly  
f9i%$1 x 0  se5 !n only 9 an incomplete 
/ate4    ,! day ( ! op5+ arriv$ be=e !  
ma/] _h be5 able to h  plac$ on !       
fronton & on ! panels ( 8 monum5t !     
hundr$s  ( great & small figures de/9$ =
 _! ornam5tation4 ,p saw  ! ,gate1 !n 9 
! nudity ( its con/ruction1 gr&iose     
assur$ly1  b despoil$ ( its extraord9>y 
raim5t ( sculpture4    ,t day 0 a sad "o
 = ! true fri5ds ( art & ( ,rod94 ,a b& 
( snobs1 full ( _! own importance1 cr[d$
 ab\t ! great man4  ,hav+ consid]$ ! "w 
) ! ha/y & casual glance ( m5 (  ! _w ( 
! sort t are conc]n$ above all to get   
!mselves  notic$1 !y rem>k$ to ,rod91 9 
a tone ( augury1 ,y\r doorway is  mu* m 
beautiful l t2 9 no circum/ances d any?+
 m to  x4    ,?is absurd advice befell  
at an evil mom5t3 ! arti/ felt worn out 
f ov]work & anxieties ( all k9ds &1     
moreov]1 0 tr\bl$  ov] ! fate ( 8       
exhibit ! failure ( :i* might 9 tru? h  

ru9$ him completely4 ,9 ^! circum/ances 
he did n h !  fre$om ( _s necess>y to   
judge correctly ! value ( 8 own  "w4 ,& 
besides he _h se5 x too mu* dur+ ! tw5ty
 ye>s 9  :i* x _h be5 be=e 8 eyes4 ,he 0
 tir$ ( x1 we>y ( x4    ,illu/ration3   
,,p]i/yle ,,op ,,! ,,/udio ,,at         
,,meudon4    ,?us ev]y?+ comb9$ to make 
him l5d an e> to ! unfavorable  op9ions 
( ! ,p>isian avi>y4 ,_h he be5 9 bett]  
heal?1 m  ! ma/] ( himself physically & 
morally1 he w\ld h repli$ to  ! prattl+ 
( ^! excit$ p>oquets & gu9ea-h5s3       
,take m room1 exam9e my ',gate' f a     
little f>!r (f1 & y  w see once m !     
effect ( ! :ole--! effect ( unity :i*   
*>ms y :5 x is depriv$ ( its            
ornam5tation4 ,y mu/ und]/&  t my       
sculpture is s calculat$ z to melt into 
! pr9cipal masses4  ,= t matt]1 x       
completes !m by model+ !m into ! light4 
,! ess5tial designs are !re3 x is       
possible t 9 ! c\rse  ( ! f9al "w ,i may
 f9d x necess>y to dim9i% su* or su* a  
projection1 to fill out su* or su* a    

pool ( %ad[2 nev]!less1  leave ?is      
difficulty to my fifty ye>s ( artisan%ip
 & exp]i5ce1  & y may be sure t q by    
myself ,i %all f9d ! be/ way (  f9i%+ my
 "w4    ,b ! ma/] 0 sil5t4 ,lat]1 c>ri$ 
away by ! abundance ( 8  conceptions1 by
 8 ev]-deep5+ rese>*es1 he lo/ all      
int]e/ 9  ! ,gate & has nev] tak5 !     
tr\ble to h x entirely m\nt$4           
,=tunately1 ca/s ( x h be5 c>efully     
pres]v$4 ,x w\ld be  only an affair ( a 
few mon?s to recon/ruct ! "w 9 its      
orig9al  integrity4 ,s9ce ! ,univ]sal   
,exposition "t has roll$ =w>d1 &  ev5ts 
also4 ,augu/e ,rod9 has ent]$ into !    
great s]5ity :i*  age br+s ) x4 ,he     
composes less1 he corrects 8 "w1 he     
judges  himself1 & he does n d5y 8      
,gate1 "o ( ! mo/ exceptional (  8      
works4    ,at la/ ! creation ( ! ,muse  
,rod9 has be5 decid$ ^u by !  /ate4 ,!  
,gate ( ,hell w be "o ( its important   
pieces2 we %all  be able to contemplate 
x !n 9 all its maje/y2 x w n !n  simply 
be mold$ 9 pla/]1 b ca/ 9 bronze & cut 9

 m>ble4  ,x w (f] a noble example ( :at 
"w c accompli% :5 x is  s]v$ by t       
supreme gift1 w2 = x w te/ify z mu* to  
resi/ance aga9/ ! p[]ful enemies ( !    
life ( ?\ght z to !  intellig5ce ( ! man
 :o creat$ x4 ,x =ces ^u u n only a     
=midable impression ( /r5g?1 labor1     
tal5t1 b also an impression  no less    
l(ty ( me?od1 ord]1 & inn] h>mony4 ,!   
multitude1 :o  ?r\gh _! pr(\nd in/9cts  
approa* mu* clos] ?an "o might  suppose 
to ! man ( g5ius1 w exclaim 9           
contemplat+ ?is "w1  ?is true monum5t   
:i* und\bt$ly ! sculptor has rais$ ?r\gh
 8  own =ce ( "*1 ,:oev] erect$ ?is     
beautiful ?+ ) 8  indefatigable h&s 0   
truly a man4          ,,ii    ,,!       
,,burgh]s ,,( ,,calais 7#ahhi7--,,rod9  
,,& ,,victor ,,hugo--,,! ,,/atue ,,(    
,,balzac 7#ahih7      ,at ! "t ! pla/]  
model ( ,! ,burgh]s ( ,calais 0 fir/    
(f]$ to ! judgm5t ( ! public1 9 #ahhi1  
ne>ly sev5 ye>s _h  gone by s9ce ,rod9  
_h orig9ally und]tak5 ! gr\p4    ,?is is
 ! p]iod ( my own *ildi% memories ( !   

ma/]4 ,he 0 a  frequ5t visitor at ! home
 ( my fa!r1 :o liv$ 9 ,svres1 on !      
outskirts ( ,p>is4    ,rod91 ) 8 sil5t  
nature1 app>5tly s full ( calm &        
m$itation1 delight$ 9 ! ardor1 !        
patriotic en?usiasm1 !  f]m5t ( "*1 !   
brilliant conv]sation ( t p[]ful1       
orig9al writ]1 my fa!r2 he lov$ 8 books1
 too1 spirit$ &  passionate l himself1 &
 possess+ a vigor ( expression t 0  new 
to ,fr5* lett]s4    ,lon ,cladel receiv$
 8 fri5ds on ,sundays4 ,9 w9t] !y ga!r$ 
9  ! draw+-room1 9 summ] on a t]race    
%ad$ by great *e/nuts &  limes1 :]e     
?\s&s ( birds twitt]$ & *att]$ s        
en]getically  t at dusk !y end$ by dr[n+
 ! voices ( ! visitors4 ,among  ! latt] 
7 writ]s1 pa9t]s1 & sculptors1 sev]al ( 
:om h  s9ce become fam\s4 ,among !m 7   
,augu/e ,rod9 & 8 colleague1  8 de>     
comrade1 ,jules ,dal\1 creator ( _m f9e 
works1 notably !  monum5t to ,eugne     
,delacroix :i* /&s 9 ! ,luxemb\rg       
,g>d5s4    ,! sculptor ( ,! ,burgh]s (  
,calais 0 !n b>ely fifty4 ,he 0  f> f   

possess+ ! imm5se fame t is 8 to-day1 b 
arti/s  already reg>d$ him z a ma/]4 ,( 
m$ium height1 robu/1 ) l>ge  %\ld]s &   
heavy limbs1 placid & delib]ate 9       
appe>ance1 nev]  ge/iculat+1 he himself 
resembl$ a block ( /one2 b above ?is    
heavy base 8 c\nt5ance1 ) its broadly   
design$ features & its  gray-blue eyes1 
express$ an extraord9>ily ke5           
intellig5ce &  f9esse4 ,despite my y\?  
,i 0 /ruck by ?is physiognomy1 s s+ul>  
& s p5etrat+1 & also by ! rem>kable     
%yness t made !  sculptor blu% :5ev] he 
0 address$4 ,s9ce !n innum]able         
portraits h famili>iz$ p ) ^! features1 
:i* ) age  h settl$ into an expression (
 au?ority & firm w2 8 /range  timidity  
has disappe>$ ) "t1 ) ! consci\sness ( 8
  /r5g?1 ) 8 hav+ become accu/om$ to    
glory4 ,moreov]1 ,rod9  has become a    
ready talk]4 ,( old he li/5$ int5tly1 b 
always  held 8 peace2 at mo/ a few      
words1 spok5 9 a s(t1 cle> voice1       
escap$ f ! waves ( 8 long be>d4 ,he w\ld
 at once relapse into  sil5ce1 :ile ) a 

sl[ movem5t giv+ 8 be>d an in/9ctive    
c>ess ) 8 l>ge1 squ>e1 irresi/ible h&1 !
 true h& ( a  build]4 ,b :5 he rais$ 8  
eyelids1 almo/ always l[]$1 !  transp>5t
 eye1 t limpid gray-blue eye1 betray$ a 
p]spicacity  t 0 almo/ malici\s1 almo/  
cunn+3 "o felt t he p5etrat$  ?r\gh !   
=ms ( p to _! v s\ls2 & ?is he fix$ s   
skilfully 9 ! clay ( 8 bu/s t 8 models 7
 n always  pleas$ ) x4 ,_m ( ,rod9's    
portraits h be5 refus$ by sitt]s  (f5d$ 
by _! pitiless realism4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,/atue ,,( ,,ba/i5-,,lepage4          
,sometimes my fa!r kept ,rod9 & ,jules  
,dal\ to d9n]4 ,! two  sculptors 7      
devot$ to ea* o!r4 ,!y 7 comrades f (   
old :o  _h travel$ toge!r ! h>d road (  
beg9n]s2 s9ce _! /ud5t  days at !       
,petite ,ecole !y _h _m times renc\nt]$ 
ea* o!r  9 ! same work%ops1 :]e !y _h   
receiv$ ! same contemptu\s  wages = _!  
long days ( labor4 ,!y felt a pr(\nd    
e/eem = ea*  o!r's tal5t1 diff]5t z ^!  
tal5ts 71 altoge!r oppos$1 9  fact1 z 7 
_! natures2 & x 0 a f9e1 a lovely ?+ to 

see  !m br+ =w>d ea* o!r's respective   
m]its4 ,alas6 ,i %all h  to tell lat] h[
 an arti/ic rivalry came "o day to      
de/roy ?is noble  fri5d%ip4    ,!       
appe>ance ( ,! ,burgh]s ( ,calais ar\s$ 
a flood ( en?usiasm  9 ! _w ( art4 ,i   
rememb] x well4 ,at t "t ,i 0 only a  "y
 s*ool-girl1 & my fa!r 0 unwill+ to all[
 me to miss  my classes 9 ord] to       
accompany him to ! op5+ ( ! ,rod9       
,exhibition4 ,aft] all1 ! lessons ,i    
receiv$ t day1 foll[+ !m  q             
abs5t-m9d$ly1 7 !y wor? ! lesson ,i %\ld
 h receiv$  f ! contemplation ( t       
ma/]piece1 ev5 if my age w\ld h  prev5t$
 me f q und]/&+ x8 ,beauty is always !  
mo/  f]tiliz+ tea*]4    ,a ri* art-lov]1
 act+ ) ! municipal au?orities (        
,calais1 _h  ord]$ f ,rod9 ! /atue (    
,eu/a*e de ,sa9t-,pi]re1 ! ,calais  h]o 
^: devotion _h 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 dur+ 
! ,hundr$  ,ye>s' ,w>1 sav$ ! city :5 x 
0 besieg$ by ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii (  ,engl&4
    ,rod91 true to 8 pr9ciples1 s\ght z 
ev] to approa* 8 subject  f ! quick (   

reality4 ,he consult$ hi/ory4 ,he read !
 old  *ronicles ( ,france1 above all ^? 
( ,jean ,froiss>t1 :o 0  contemporane\s 
) ! ev5t & almo/ a witness ( x4         
,froiss>t 0  a man ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 a
 man ( ! age ( ! ca!drals1  & !re=e     
himself a ,go?ic4 ,8 n>rative has ! =ce1
 !  savor1 ! navet1 ! simple & pr(\nd   
art ( ! ma/]s ( t  m>vel\s epo*4 ,:at a 
s\rce ( emotion = ,rod91 a ,go?ic       
likewise  9 8 fai? & 8 arti/ic          
rectitude6 ,he caught fire at ! recital 
( ! old ma/] z at ! voice ( a           
bro!r-9-arms4 ,he read1 he  le>n$ t     
,edw>d ,,iii w\ld n cons5t to sp>e !    
city ( ,calais  f pillage & de/ruction  
unless six ( h] ri*e/ citiz5s w\ld  come
 out to him dress$ only 9 _! %irts1     
b>efoot1 ) ropes ab\t  _! necks1 br++   
him ! keys ( ! city & _! own heads to be
  cut (f4 ,9 response to ?is t]rible    
message1 ,eu/a*e de ,sa9t-,pi]re  & five
 ( 8 fell[-citiz5s1 tak+ c\nsel ) !     
notables  ( ! place1 at once rose to g  
to ! k+'s camp4 ,!y set =?  imm$iately1 

escort$ on _! way by ! hung]-/rick5     
multitude1  weep+ & groan+ ov] _!       
sacrifice & ador+ !m ) pity4    ,?is 0 !
 vision :i* f t "t on took possession ( 
,rod91  dom9at+ him & nev] leav+ him4 ,b
 x 0 n an isolat$ p]son  deta*$ f 8     
environm5t t he saw3 x 0 ! six m>tyrs j 
z !y appe>$ 9 hi/ory1 j z !y 7 9 life4  
,9 8 ?\ght  he foll[$ ?is b& ( h]oes    
m>*+ to ! sacrifice 9 ! mid/  ( ! weep+ 
city4 ,he c\ld n br+ himself to sep>ate 
!m ei!r  f _! :ole numb] or f _! tragic 
surr\nd+s4 ,!re=e1  9 accordance ) !    
g5ius ( 8 !me1 t is to say1 )  hi/oric  
tru?1 he w\ld make all six ( !m1 & he   
w\ld insi/ t  !y %\ld be set up 9 ! mid/
 ( ! city1 among ! old h\ses1  :]e !y   
w\ld cont9ue to live _! sublime life 9 !
 he>t ( !  v t[n t !y _h sav$4    ,= !  
price ( "o /atue1 !re=e1 ,rod9 set out  
to execute six4  ,he r5t$ a va/ ateli] 9
 ! rue des ,f\rneaux1 9 ! ,vaugir>d     
,qu>t]4 ,he work$ unceas+ly4 ,to keep   
?is enorm\s gr\p 9 good  condition1 to  
ma9ta9 ! prop] temp]ature1 he moi/5$ !  

clay  morn+ & ev5+1 hav+ z 8 g>on       
d'ateli] no "o b 8  devot$ wife1 :o _h  
become ?or\ghly exp]i5c$ 9 ^! matt]s4   
,despite all1 accid5ts w\ld happ53 !    
clay w\ld give way1 an  arm1 model$ ) 8 
habitual exactitude1 w\ld fall & h to be
  labori\sly repair$2 b ! f]v5t model]  
nev] hesitat$ 9 8  "w1 & on ! day :5 he 
exhibit$ ,! ,burgh]s ( ,calais at !     
h\se ( ,georges ,petit ! praise & !     
homage t sprang =? f  ! s\l ( all true  
arti/s recomp5s$ him magnific5tly1 br++ 
him ! intoxicat+ c>ess ( dawn+ glory4   
,!y spoke1 9 connection  ) ! ,burgh]s1 (
 ! image-mak]s ( our ca!drals2 !y spoke 
( ! /atues ( ,claus ,slut]s1 ( ! fam\s  
/atues ( ! ,well (  ,moses at ,dijon4   
,really1 9 ! ,calais monum5t ,rod9 is m 
?an ev]  "u ! ,go?ic influ5ce 9 subject1
 9 ?\ght1 & 9 execution4  ,! equilibrium
 ( ! figures compos+ ! gr\p is ! same z 
t  ( ! ,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,! long   
%ifts t cov] ! nak$  bodies ( 8 h]oes   
recall ^? drap]ies 9 v]tical folds de>  
to  ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! v model+ ( !    

figures & ( ! faces  increases ?is      
effect ( elongation caus$ by ! fall ( ! 
fabric2  ! model+ 9 l>ge planes1 !      
vigor\s acc5ts1 ! simple &  pa!tic      
movem5ts are c]ta9ly ^? ( ! sort t      
out-(-door  sculpture calls =4 ,9 tw5ty 
ye>s ,rod9 _h made innum]able visits  to
 ! ,go?ic monum5ts4 ,"h 0 ! result ( 8  
t\rs ( ,france4 ,he  _h made !m 9 ord]  
to recapture ! traditions ( art f ! h&s 
( our wond]ful old /one-cutt]s1 & 8 he>t
 mu/ h ?robb$  ) joy :5 he 0 told t 9 8 
own h&s t tradition _h  suff]$ no loss4 
,naturally1 ! appe>ance ( ,! ,burgh]s ( 
,calais1 ev5 t1  c\ld n fail to h its   
%>e ( comic anecdote1 t bitt] &  pa9ful 
humor t m>ks ! adv5tures ( g5ius 9 its  
/ruggle )  vulg>ity4 ,let u n compla9   
too mu*4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ^!  adv5tures
 & ! pr\d way ( life ( a great man1 !   
regul>ity  ( 8 h\rs ( toil--x is ?is t  
creates opposition1 movem5t1  life4 ,!  
elect s\l feels a savage joy 9 ^! bl[s  
:i* %ake x  l a tree torm5t$ by brutal  
h&s1 a tree aw>e ( ! vigor ( its        

resi/ance & its ev]-increas+ t5acity4   
,! municipality ( ,calais1 he>+ t !re 7 
to be six /atues  in/ead ( ! "o t _h be5
 ord]$1 took umbrage1 & delib]at$  = two
 ye>s4 ,! h]oic gr\p wait$1 &1 z x      
encumb]$ ,rod9's  ateli]1 :]e o!r works 
7 go+ =w>d1 x 0 plac$ 9 a  /able4 ,at   
la/ ! wor?y t[n au?orities decid$ to    
assign x a  site4 ,naturally1 ! site 9  
"q 0 exactly oppos$ to ! ideas  ( !     
ma/]--ideas t _h be5 ?\ght out & t 7    
p]fectly  logical1 bas$ on ! laws (     
decorative art & /ill m det]m9$  by t   
infallible crit]ion1 ta/e4 ,rod9 desir$ 
t 8 monum5t  %\ld be 9 ! c5t] ( ! t[n2  
!y plac$ x on ! edge (  ! sea4 ,he c\nt$
 on emphasiz+ ! tall /ature ( 8 figures 
by en%r9+ x 9 ! n>r[ frame ( ! h\ses2 !y
 plac$ x  aga9/ a horizon )\t limits4   
,he reque/$ t ! gr\p %\ld be  plac$ v   
l[1 almo/ on ! gr\nd1 or else v high on 
an elevat$  p$e/al1 l ! ,colleoni at    
,v5ice or ! ,gattamelata at ,padua2  !y 
plac$ x at a middle height1 ?us dim9i%+ 
! effect ( its  impos+ proportions4 ,!  

lesson _h to come f =eign l&s4 ,!  city 
( ,antw]p has erect$1 9 front ( its     
museum ( f9e arts1  two ( ! /atues ( !  
celebrat$ gr\p1 & ,engl&1 :i* does  ?+s 
spl5didly :5 x is a "q ( embelli%+ its  
cities or  ( r5d]+ homage to ! valor (  
its adv]s>ies1 has erect$ !  effigies ( 
! six h]oes ( ,calais on "o ( ! mo/     
beautiful sites  9 ,london1 be=e !      
,palace ( ,we/m9/]4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,by ?is
 "t ! read] is suffici5tly famili> ) !  
te*nic (  ,rod9 = x to be unnecess>y to 
analyze "h 9 detail ?is well-kn[n  "w4  
,:at mu/ n be =gott5 is t ! sculptor _h 
fir/ model$  ^! six p[]ful bodies       
entirely 9 ! nude4 ,?is is 8 inv>iable  
me?od :5 he executes drap$ figures4 ,"o 
realizes ?is1 ev5 )\t  kn[+ x1 be=e ^!  
arms1 ^! h&s1 ^! legs1 & ^! feet        
con/ruct$ ) t rigor\s consci5ce :i*1 ) !
 true arti/1  is at once a necessity & a
 delight2 "o div9es ! slope ( !  torsos 
b5t ) grief or rigid 9 ! pride (        
sacrifice4    ,yes1 !y are beautiful1 ! 

ma/] said to me "o day :5 ,i 0  talk+ ) 
him4 ,! %irt1 ! bl\se are g>m5ts ! folds
 (  :i* yield simple planes & effects t1
 rightly r5d]$1 are ^?  ( true          
sculpture4 ,b !re is some?+ bett] /ill1 
& t is  sackclo?4 ,if ,i _h clo!d my    
',burgh]s ( ,calais' 9 sackclo?1 !y     
w\ld c]ta9ly be m beautiful4 ,i did n   
d>e to4 ,"s "o else w  d ?is & w succe$4
 ,x is suffici5t to express an idea &   
leave  x to its de/9y4    ,we ought to  
love 9 ,rod9 ?is intellectual vigor t   
skirts !  bord]s ( ! impossible4 ,9 our 
age1 consum$ ) indecision1 x is a       
priceless aid1 a re/+-place1 a po9t     
d'appui f :i* "o />ts  =? afre%1 =tifi$1
 "o's n]ves re*>g$ ) vitality1 to !     
conque/ ( "o's %>e ( k or ( tal5t4 ,?is 
acc\nts 9 "p  = ! irresi/ible influ5ce  
:i* = ?irty ye>s ! illu/ri\s  sculptor  
has ex]cis$ ov] ! m9ds ( arti/s4 ,"o    
feels t ?is  f\nt ( /r5g? cond5s$ 9 8   
virile s\l comes f some?+  deep] ?an 8  
p]sonality alone2 x comes f ! v dep?s ( 
! national res]ves4 ,! conviction1 !    

en]gy ( ,rod9 are ^?  ( ! workman :o    
kn[s 8 trade1 ( ! labor] impassion$ by !
  culture ( 8 own soil4 ,?is endurance  
is ! f\ndation ( ! ,fr5*  temp]am5t2 !  
ev5ts happ5+ n[ h prov$ x4 ,:5 a c\ntry 
possesses su* individualities ?r\gh !   
c\rse ( hi/ory1 ! roads  ( ! future op5 
out be=e x brilliant ) hope despite     
pass+  %ad[s1 & promise ! highe/        
surprises4    ,illu/ration3 ,,danaiade4 
,,rod9 ,,& ,,victor ,,hugo    ,!        
creation ( ,! ,burgh]s ( ,calais m>ks ! 
middle ( a p]iod  ( truly prodigi\s     
fecundity4 ,f #ahhi to #ahif1 monum5ts1 
bu/s1  /atues1 & gr\ps ( e k9d issue )\t
 int]ruption f !  ateli]s ( ,rod91 & ! m
 num]\s ! works 8 h& models1  ! m x     
grasps ! contexture ( ! "w1 ! m x ref9es
 !  execution4 ,ord]s = portraits p\r 92
 collectors hold x an honor to  possess 
a m>ble1 a bronze1 sign$ ) a "n :i* e   
day increases  9 celebrity4 ,9 #ahhh    
comes t jewel ( m>ble1 ! bu/ ( ,madame  
,morla ,vicuha1 & ! monum5t to ,claude  
,vicuha1 presid5t ( !  ,republic (      

,*ile2 9 #ahhi1 ! bronze portrait (     
,dal\1 ! /atue (  ,ba/i5-,lepage1 t     
admirable head ,la ,p5se1 acquir$ by !  
,muse  du ,luxemb\rg4    ,9 #ahij comes 
! portrait ( ,mme4 ,russell1 a bu/ 9    
silv]1 (  noble simplicity1 :i* "o w\ld 
say 0 ! head ( a ,roman matron1  ) !    
lum9\s veil ^u h] ?\ghtful =ehead & !   
fl[] (  good-w blossom+ ^u h] delicately
 swell+ m\?4 ,!n !re is  ,! ,danad1 ,la 
vielle ,heaulmire1 & a great /udy1 a    
long woman's  torso1 ,la ,t]re4    ,9   
#ahib1 n to m5tion delightful m9or works
 l ,! ,"y ,"m  & ,bro!r & ,si/]1 appe>  
two ma/]pieces3 ! bu/ ( ,puvis  de      
,*avannes & t ( ,h5ri ,ro*e=t1          
magnific5t contra/s 9  con/ruction &    
execution4 ,! pa9t]-g5tleman c>ries 8   
haughty  head l an old leagu] *ief1 & ! 
pamphlete] b5ds ov] !  de/9ies (        
,france1 :i* = fifty ye>s he has def5d$ 
day 91 day  out1 ) 8 flam+ p51 an       
enorm\s br[--a br[ l a sph]ical  vault t
 seems to conta9 a _w4    ,y h made x   
gr&]1 y h made x m beautiful ?an nature1

  "s "o said to ,rod9 "o day4    ,"o c  
nev] d any?+ s beautiful z nature1 he   
repli$4    ,9 ?is same ye>1 #ahib1 he   
exhibit$ ! *>m+ monum5t to ,claude      
,lorra91 9 :i* he recaptur$ ! _s ( !    
eighte5? c5tury4 ,x  0 ! t[n ( ,nancy t 
ord]$ ?is figure ( its pa9t] & has      
plac$ x 9 its va/ p>k4    ,"o _c m5tion 
ev]y?+4 ,=ms & attitudes r5ew !mselves1 
b n ! t]ms t express !m4 ,to measure !  
abundance ( ?is  "w "o %\ld read !      
catalogue1 till n[ incomplete1--= x has 
be5 impossible to compile "o t 0 n s1--(
 ! ma/]'s  works2 only s c we realize h[
 almo/ dizzily 8 productiv5ess  became  
accel]at$ ) ! epo* ( 8 maturity4        
,my?ological  subjects dom9ate x1 b are 
always treat$ ) a pr(\ndly human        
und]/&+ ( ! poetry & ! grace ( ! =m 9   
:i* !y  a*ieve an aspect delightfully   
new4    ,su* titles z ,v5us & ,adonis1  
,! ,education ( ,a*illes1 ,!  ,dea? (   
,alce/is1 ,cupid & ,psy*e1 ,! ,faun & ! 
,f\nta91  ,pygmalion & ,galatea1 ,rod9  
inscrib$ only z an aft]?\ght on  !      

p$e/als ( 8 gr\ps4 ,!y are n ! result ( 
a necess>y  prelim9>y conception2 x is 8
 figures !mselves t brea! !m1  8 models 
unconsci\sly repeat$ ! comb9ations (    
movem5t &  ge/ure ?r\gh :i* are         
translat$ ! et]nal s5tim5ts immortaliz$ 
by ! leg5ds ( paganism4 ,s true is ?is t
 ,rod9 obta9$ 8  *>m+ gr\ps by assembl+ 
9 h>mony ) 8 rese>*es !  animat$ little 
figures t encumb]$ ! w9d[s ( 8 ateli]s4 
,he amus$ himself by unit+ !m1 by m>ry+ 
_! attitudes2 )  ^! little figures1 ^!  
puppets ( g5ius1 he compos$ actual      
little  intimate dramas or idylls reviv$
 f ! antique4 ,9 ! holl[ (  a ,greek b[l
 he places a little nude body1 & "o w\ld
 say t x  is ! s\l ( ! wave t conceals  
itself aga9/ ! side ( !  vase4 ,he      
enlaces ?ree fem99e figures1 upright1   
beside ! body ( a  recumb5t y\?3 !y are 
! ,graces1 :o come to b5d ov] ! dy+     
poet4 ,?us he p]petuates ! fantasy ( ?+s
 ?r\gh t ( 8 own  ta/e2 he et]nalizes ! 
mo/ delici\s caprices ( nature4         
99       99       99       99       99  

,we come n[ to ! ye> #ahif & ! appe>ance
 ( ! ,monum5t to  ,victor ,hugo4    ,?is
 monum5t _h be5 ord]$ = ! ,pan?on4      
,rod91 :o _h model$  9 #ahhe ! bu/ ( !  
s+] ( ! ,lg5de des ,sicles1 0  d\bly1 on
 ?is acc\nt1 entitl$ to ! ord]4 ,9 !    
mid/ ( :at  difficulties _h he a*iev$ t 
bu/6 ,x requir$ all 8 pati5ce1  all !   
t5acity ( a ,lorra9ese peasant1 to      
accompli% x4 ,:5 he  _h begg$ ! honor ( 
reproduc+ ^? illu/ri\s features1 !      
poet1 already ne>+ 8 end1 tir$ out )    
hav+ pos$ = m$iocre  pla/]-daub]s &     
unaw>e ( ! sup]iority ( 8 new sculptor1 
cons5t$ to pose only = two h\rs4 ,all ! 
same1 he au?oriz$ ,rod9  to come z (t5 z
 necess>y & make z _m sket*es z he ne$$ 
:ile he1 ,hugo1 work$ or receiv$ 8      
fri5ds4    ,rod9 accept$ ^! difficult   
conditions4 ,0 x n ,victor ,hugo )  :om 
he 0 deal+1 ! fa!r ( mod]n poetry8 ,& !n
 :at a  spectacle = 8 arti/'s eyes1 t ( 
! great man b5d+ ov] 8  pap]s t         
,jupit]-l head ( 8 9 :i* ?\ght1 9       
ge/ation1  swell$ ! sublime br[ ) a     

tumult ( ideas6 ,:5 he talk$1 :at       
maje/y 9 ?is face ( a lion 9 repose6    
,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,bu/ ,,(      
,,victor ,,hugo4    ,! sculptor plac$ a 
/ool1 "s clay1 "s tools 9 ! corn] (  a  
gall]y2 x 0 !re t he work$ out ! g5]al  
=m ( !  bu/4 ,!n1 /udy+ 8 wond]ful model
 = mon?s1 he made hundr$s  ( sket*es (  
him1 "u e aspect2 at times1 hav+ us$ up 
!  pages ( 8 note-books1 he ev5 cov]$   
entire blocks ( cig>ette  pap] ) rapid  
notes & jott+s4 ,!n he transf]r$ ?is    
record  ( obs]vations to 8 clay4 ,work+ 
9 ?is mann]1 x took him ?ree  mon?s to  
f9i% 8 bu/4 ,he exhibit$ x1 9 bronze1 at
 ! ,salon (  #ahhd4 ,"o _c fail to      
admire ! volumes1 ! beautiful mass ( !  
:ole1 ev5 ?\gh x does n %[ t brilliant  
t\* ( g5ius :i*  /rikes u be=e ! bu/ (  
,jean-,paul ,laur5s or t ( ,ro*e=t2  b  
lat]1 rely+ ^u ?is docum5t & ^u 8 own   
special memory  ( =ms 9 action1 ,rod9 0 
to re/ore = u ?is mov+ head 9 8  monum5t
 ( ! poet1 :i* 0 to be "o ( 8 v l(tie/  
works4  ,?is same bu/ ( ,victor ,hugo 0 

to rupture ! fri5d%ip betwe5  ,rod9 &   
,jules ,dal\--,dal\ ( :om he s5t to !   
same ,salon ( #ahhd1  by a curi\s       
co9cid5ce1 an incomp>able bu/ t puts "o 
9 m9d (  ^? ( ,donatello4    ,! family (
 ,victor ,hugo did n l ,rod9's portrait 
( ! ma/]4  ,:5 ! poet di$ 7#ahhe71 x 0  
,dal\ :om !y call$ to execute a         
dea?-mask ( ! features ( ! great poet4  
,fill$ ) ambition &  eag] = (ficial     
glory1 ,dal\ _h ! weakness to accept1   
=gett+  :at he ow$ to ,rod91 n ev5 in=m+
 him1 9 fact4 ,deeply hurt1 !  latt]    
)drew 8 affection = 8 old fri5d4 ,my    
fa!r1 sadd5$ by  ?is occurr5ce1 :i*     
de/roy$ s r>e & noble a fri5d%ip1 br\ght
  ! two fri5ds toge!r at 8 table 9 !    
hope ( reconcil+ !m2  b no?+ c\ld melt !
 wall ( ice t _h fall5 betwe5 ^!        
dissev]$ he>ts4    ,t5 ye>s aft]w>d a   
magnific5t comp5sation 0 (f]$ to ,rod94 
,f him 0 ord]$ ! monum5t ( ! poet = !   
,pan?on4 ,he  repres5t$ him nude1 "u !  
folds ( a va/ cloak1 & seat$ on  a rock1
 z if by ! sea%ore1 ) 8 wond]ful head   

b[$ 9 an  attitude ( m$itation1 j z     
,rod9 _h (t5 contemplat$ x 9  priceless 
h\rs4    ,?is mann] ( repres5t+ a great 
man1 q simply reviv$ f !  ,r5aissance & 
! eighte5? c5tury1 %ock$ to ! la/ degree
 !  adm9i/rative /aff ( ! dep>tm5t ( f9e
 arts4 ,:y ?is nude  p]sonage1 in/ead ( 
a q respectable ,victor ,hugo 9 !       
frock-coat  ( an academician8 ,:y n "o (
 ^? /atues t peacefully occupy  "s corn]
 ( a public squ>e )\t attract+ any "o's 
att5tion1  "o ( ^? /atues t are n made  
to be look$ at8 ,z = ?is  poet1 :o      
resembl$ a ,hom]1 a h]o or a demigod1   
?is gr& body1  outrage\sly beautiful &  
simple1 is x n sc&al\s 9 ! mid/ (  !    
con=mity ( b\rgeois civilization1       
enslav$ by ! ugl9ess (  fa%ion1 ^:      
p]v]t$ ta/e c no long] recognize !      
beauty ( !  nude8 ,! pa9t] ,david us$ to
 say ( 8 epo*1 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 !  mode (  
dress 0 less displeas+ ?an x is to-day1 
,:at mis]y to be  oblig$ to sp5d "o's   
life 9 fa%ion+ coats & %oes6 ,rod91 l   
,david1 & l ,phidias1 pref]r$ ! trade ( 

! sculptor to t (  ! tailor4    ,su* an 
upro> arose t he _h to )draw ! model ( 8
 monum5t  & promise ano!r4 ,b ev]y?+    
comes ) "t1 ev5 ! be/3 !  =tunes (      
politics br\ght to ! m9i/ry ( f9e arts  
an intellig5t  & cultivat$ director1 !  
dramatic critic ,gu/ave ,l>r\met4       
,delight$ ) ,rod9's s*eme1 ! magnific5t 
symbolization ( ,fr5*  poetry1 he       
confirm$ ! ord] = ! audaci\s monum5t1 no
 long] =  ! ,pan?on1 b = ! ,luxemb\rg   
,g>d5s2 &1 n satisfi$ )  ?is rep>ation1 
*>g$ ! ma/] ) ! additional execution (  
ano!r monum5t de/9$ = ! ,pan?on4 ,"o c  
imag9e ! ang] 9  c]ta9 circles--two     
ord]s on ! same subject to ! same       
sculptor6  ,:at an ab]ration6 ,:at      
madness6 ,b ! decision 0 made & well    
made4    ,rod9 took six ye>s to p]fect 8
 fir/ ,victor ,hugo2 ! m>ble  0 n       
exhibit$ until #aija4 ,! vigor ( ! "w & 
! sov]eign  ge/ure by :i* ! b>d (       
contemplation seems to impose sil5ce ^u 
! voice ( nature 9 ord] t ! voices      
/ruggl+ )9 himself1  9 ! dep?s ( 8      

g5ius1 may be ! bett] he>d1 ! suppl5ess 
(  ! mat]ial1 ( ?is ,c>r>a m>ble1 ) its 
w>m reflections1 z if  melt$ "u !       
pressure ( a fi]y h&1 ob/9ately make "o 
?9k (  ,mi*elangelo2 "o has ! di/urb+   
s5sation1 n ( an imitation1 b  ( a      
resurrection ( ! pla/ic p[] re9c>nat$   
out ( nature1 ( a  new spr+ ( sap f !   
same ve9 ( g5ius4    ,! orig9al plan    
all[$1 9 addition1 = two allegorical    
figures1  ,! ,inn] ,voice & ,! ,tragic  
,muse1 :i*1 plac$ beside ! poet1  %\ld  
brea! into him ?\ght & inspiration4 ,b1 
v beautiful  9 !mselves1 !y gave to !   
monum5t1 once !y 7 execut$ &  plac$1 an 
anecdotal quality t dim9i%$ its =ce2 !y 
weak5$  ! gr&eur ( ! ,olympian ge/ure & 
de/roy$ t feel+ (  solitude insep>able f
 su* a p]sonality z t ( ! great man3  an
 isl& 9 ! mid/ ( ! flood ( ! human      
multitude1 g5ius  itself is aw>e ( its  
own spl5did isolation4    ,illu/ration3 
,,monum5t ,,to ,,victor ,,hugo4    ,?is 
is :at ,i v5tur$ to express "o day to ! 
ma/]1 n )\t  hesitation4 ,no?+ equals ! 

simplicity ( ,rod9 face to face )  :at  
he kn[s is s9c]e & animat$ by a true    
love ( art4 ,he  li/5$1 gaz$ at 8 "w1 &1
 turn+ t[>d me1 gave me a joy\s  glance4
    ,y are "r1 he repli$1 ) a           
spontaneity t put my s5se (             
responsibility on its mettle4 ,i        
sacrific$ to ! mania ( ! age1  :i* is to
 ov]load ?+s4 ,my model+ is !re1 !      
eloqu5ce ( !  ge/ure also4 ,! re/ w\ld  
only spoil ! ess5tial ?+s4 ,x is a      
/roke ( g5ius4 ,i am go+ to write to !  
"u-secret>y ( /ate  t my monum5t is     
ready4    ,9 lieu ( ! two figures t 7 to
 h accompani$ ! /atue (  ,victor ,hugo1 
to indemnify ! ,gov]nm5t ,rod9 gave to !
 ,muse du  ,luxemb\rg a s]ies ( 8 mo/   
beautiful bu/s 9 bronze1 includ+ !  head
 ( ! poet4    ,z = ! m>ble1 x 0 9 ! g>d5
 ( ! ,palais ,royal t x  0 f9ally       
erect$2 b ?is site is n ( ! happie/3 a  
l>ge  lawn sep>ates ! spectator f !     
monum5t2 "o sees x f !  wrong angle1 &  
?is de/roys ! equilibrium ( its planes4 
,moreov]1  9 our damp climate m>ble     

quickly loses ! *>m ( its purity &      
transp>5cy2 /reaks ( br[n already /a9 & 
deface t ( !  ,victor ,hugo4 ,let u hope
 t ! organiz]s ( ! ,muse ,rod9  w f9d x 
possible to place x 9 "o ( ! rooms ( !  
future  museum1 sub/itut+ = x a bronze  
^u :i* ! inclem5cies ( !  atmosph]e w   
s]ve to produce a beautiful pat9a4      
,,! ,,/atue ,,( ,,balzac 7#ahih7    ,?is
 is ! mo/ fam\s & ! lea/ kn[n ( ,rod9's 
works4 ,newspap]  controv]sies h made x 
fam\s ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w2 b x  has1      
nev]!less1 made only "o brief appe>ance 
9 public1 9 #ahih1 at  ! ,salon ( !     
,socit ,nationale des ,beaux ,arts4 ,x  
m>ks at ! same  "t a vital /age 9 ! c>e]
 ( ! ma/] & ! mo/ poignant  p]iod ( 8   
life z a fight]4 ,x is ! po9t (         
equilibrium 9  ! p]petual balanc+ ( !   
art ( ,rod9 betwe5 ! sev]al great       
traditions4 ,x 0 ! object ( a fam\s     
qu>rel1 9 :i* ! glory  ( ! sculptor1    
mom5t>ily all b eclips$ by ridicule1    
recov]$  itself1 nev]!less1 & rose high]
 ?an ev]4    ,:at /rikes "o 9 ?is /atue1

 at fir/ sight1 is its /range  block-l  
aspect1 its monoli?ic simplicity4 ,p say
 q rightly  t x looks l a /one love1 a  
druidic monum5t4 ,ev] s9ce ,!  ,burgh]s 
( ,calais1 "o ( ! figures ( :i* at lea/1
 t (  ! man ) ! key1 already sugge/s !  
idea ( a monoli?1 ,rod9  _h be5 go+     
fur!r & fur!r 9 8 /ubborn se>* = !      
simplification ( planes1 & "h he f9ally 
a*iev$ 8 object4 ,9  ord] to obta9 x1 he
 w5t back all ! way to ! primitive      
,go?ic  & ev5 to ! ar*aic ,greek1 :i*   
likewise pres]ves 9 ! g5]al  outl9e (   
its /atues ! rigid aspect ( ^? /atues ( 
wood t  _h prec$$ x4 ,9 all ^! e>ly     
epo*s ( art "o f9ds ! =m (  ! tree trunk
 9 :i* _! sculpture 0 cut4 ,"o ( !      
examples (  ?is art t _h mo/ =cibly     
impress$ ,rod9 0 ! /atue ( ,h]a  (      
,samo?race 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! beauty ( ?is  
figure1 d5ud$ ( all  =eign artifice 9 ! 
exact rese>* = masses1 ! public little  
compreh5ds2 b ! sculptor p]ceives its   
ju/ness1 ! p[] ( its  relief & its      
model+1 disconc]t+ 9 ^! primitive       

arti/s1  qualities t are conceal$ "u !  
extreme simplicity ( its  appe>ance4 ,9 
?is magnific5t ,h]a x is z if "o saw !  
rotundities  ( woman com+ to bir? &     
und]go+ 9 ! tree1 ! vegetal column1  "o 
( ^? metamorphoses famili> 9 ! fables ( 
paganism4 ,!  ,balzac1 ) its a?letic    
body1 veil$ 9 a spread robe t envelopes 
x1 does n x also resemble a p[]ful tree 
trunk f ! summit (  :i* looks d[n1 l a  
solit>y1 mon/r\s fl[]1 ! head ( !       
inspir$ writ]8    ,?is /atue _h be5     
ord]$ by ! ,socit des ,g5s de ,lettres1 
& 0  int5d$ = "o ( ! public squ>es (    
,p>is4 ,aft] ,victor ,hugo1  ,balzac4   
,aft] ! giant ( mod]n poetry1 ! giant ( 
! novel4 ,:at  a r$\table honor1 b also 
:at a homage to ! tal5t ( ! great       
sculptor6 ,:at joy = arti/s 9 !         
association ( ^! two names1  ,balzac &  
,rod96 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ _m adv]s>ies    
rejoic$ 9  ! hope ( see+ ,rod9 come to  
grief ) ?is task1 fraught n  less ) p]il
 ?an ) glory6 ,he did n conceal f       
himself t  ! /atue ( ,balzac w\ld be a  

sev]e problem to solve4 ,we possess  no 
au!ntic bu/ ( ! creator ( ! ,comdie     
,huma9e1 n ev5  a dea?-mask giv+ ! exact
 measure ( ! cranial bones & h5ce  !    
actual planes4 ,we "k ?r\gh 8           
contempor>ies t ! au?or  0 fat & %ort4  
,fat & %ort--t is f> f facilitat+ !     
composition ( a "w ( decorative art4 ,b1
 m preci\s ?an  m$iocre portraits1 !re  
is a fam\s page ab\t him by ,lam>t9e1   
ano!r great g5ius4 ,balzac1 he says1 0 !
 figure ( an elem5t  444 /\t1 ?ick-set1 
squ>e at ! base & at ! %\ld]s1 ample1   
mu* z ,mirabeau 02 b n heavy 9 any way2 
he _h s mu* s\l t  x c>ri$ him lightly4 
,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,balzac4     
,x 0 ?is ess5ce t he set out to r5d]4 ,a
 frank arti/ takes  no lib]ties )       
reality4 ,x alone gives him =ce2 !      
maje/y (  ! true is alone durable4      
,nature1 :i* d[]$ ,balzac ) "o  ( ! mo/ 
prodigi\s intellects kn[n to u1 d[]$ him
 at !  same "t1 to support ?is          
intellect1 ) ! physical bread? ( a      
colossus4 ,to h alt]$ any?+ t w5t to    

make up ! h>mony (  ! /ructure w\ld h   
be5 to commit a grave error2 x w\ld h   
be5 to d5aturalize ! div9e "w4 ,on ! o!r
 h&1 above ?is  mass ( fle% x 0 necess>y
 to make t m>vel\s _s hov]1  t sp>kl+   
_s1 t myriad-facet$ _s ( ! greate/ (    
noveli/s4    ,rod9 kn[s by exp]i5ce t   
nature repeats h]self4 ,has n a  humori/
 said3 ,x is useless to make a bu/ ( y2 
x exi/s already4  ,y h only to look = x 
9 ! museums8    ,he set out to f9d a man
 :o resembl$ ,balzac1 go+ all ! way to  
,t\ra9e1 ! writ]'s native prov9ce1 a    
hundr$ times depict$ by  him 9 8 books4 
,! family ( ,balzac 0 orig9ally f       
,langu$oc1  b t made no diff]5ce2 !     
intuition ( a great arti/ is always     
rew>d$4 ,rod9 f\nd at ,t\rs ! model he  
desir$2 he 0 a "y  c\ntryman1 a c>t]1 :o
 resembl$ 8 h]o to an almo/ miracul\s   
degree4 ,( him he made a v animat$ bu/1 
9 :i* "o sees ! full  face1 ! nose1     
concave & l>ge at ! end1 b voluptu\s &  
full  ( _s1 ! r\nd$ *91 ! va/ %\ld]s ( !
 ma/] ( !  ,comdie ,huma9e4 ,!re 0      

lack+1 h[ev]1 ! flame ( ?\ght t         
spiritualiz$ & r5d]$ buoyant ?is mass ( 
human sub/ance4 ,rod9  modifi$ !        
expression1 illum9at+ ! physiognomy )   
delicacy &  frank gaiety4 ,x is ,balzac 
at tw5ty-five1 a peasant ,balzac1 brea?+
  at e pore y\?1 self-confid5ce1 & !    
love ( life4 ,n yet  is x ! man torm5t$ 
by fate1 ! tragic vision>y ( ! ,comdie  
,huma9e1 ! slave ( 8 "w :o 9 tw5ty ye>s 
wrote fifty novels1  /ag$ a ?\s&        
*>act]s1 & gave life to an entire       
society4 ,x is  n ! man :o has suff]$1  
?\ght1 m$itat$1 ) all ! p[]  ( "o ( !   
mo/ extraord9>y organisms kn[n to u2 x  
has n !  appe>ance ( a ph5om5on4        
,aft] ?is ,rod9 skilfully alt]$ ^!      
features2 he gave !m !  sc>s ( ! int]ior
 ef=t1 he made !m s(t & holl[$ !m1 he   
made !m old & grave4 ,9 a few weeks he  
did ! "w t nature  _h tak5 ye>s to      
accompli%4 ,he f9i%$ by creat+ t        
,titan's  mask :i* we "k1 t head z r\nd 
z a bullet &1 l a bullet1  t]rible 9 its
 conc5trat$ =ce4 ,lat] he augm5t$ ?is2 t

 is  to say1 he d\bl$ its proportions3 &
 ?is head1 almo/ fright5+  9 its        
expression1 recalls ! masks :i* ! ,greek
 trag$ians wore  :5 !y play$ 9 ! op5    
air4 ,f9ally he model$ ! body ( !       
colossus1 mak+ x entirely nude1 ) arms  
cross$1 brac$ aga9/  ! e>? ) ! t5sion ( 
! :ole w1 evok+ ! idea ( "s  prodigi\s  
bir?4 ,!n he drap$ ?is heavy body 9 !   
monk's robe  9 :i* ! writ] us$ to       
envelope himself = "w & ! /raight  folds
 ( :i* enwrapp$ him l ! %ea? ( a mummy1 
(f]+ to !  sight no?+ b ! tumultu\s     
head--! head ravag$ by intellig5ce  &   
savage en]gy4    ,rod9 felt almo/       
fright5$ by 8 own "w4    ,he kept x a   
long "t be=e turn+ x ov] to ! ca/-mak]s4
 ,he _h  work$ x out 9 8 ateli]1 b x 0  
de/9$ = ! op5 air4 ,h[  w\ld x appe> 9  
broad daylight8    ,! ge/ation ( ?is "w 
0 accompani$ by a ?\s& mis]ies4 ,!      
committee ( ! ,socit des ,g5s de        
,lettres incessantly dem&$ !  ,balzac2  
!y 7 dumf\nd$ be=e ! extraord9>y figure 
t 0  %[n to !m1 be=e ?is :ite phantom ! 

conception ( :i* 0 s  utt]ly ! rev]se ( 
all curr5t ideas4 ,n kn[+ :at to say1 !y
  insi/$ t x %\ld be modifi$ & urg$ ha/e
 ^u ,rod91 ^:  extraord9>y dext]ity     
became sl[ness itself :5 x 0 a "q  (    
putt+ ! f9al t\*es ^u a great "w4 ,!    
press began to  take note ( ! affair4   
,he himself became tr\bl$ & n]v\s4 ,)   
:at transports w\ld he h left x1 fl$1   
gone away to re/ & to  dream ( some?+   
else = a few weeks6 ,! "t ( ! ,salon 0  
approa*+4 ,q sudd5ly he made 8 decision1
 gave ! clay to be  ca/1 & ord]$ an     
enl>gem5t4 ,! /atue 0 br\ght back to him
 at  ! ,dpt des ,m>bres1 9 ! rue de     
l',univ]sit2 x 0 twice z l>ge  z !      
orig9al model4 ,x 0 plac$ 9 ! g>d5 t    
/ret*$ out  9 front ( ! /udio4 ,he      
exam9$ x z x rose aga9/ ! dep?s (  ! op5
 sky & ! bright spr+ light4 ,x 0 z if he
 _h nev] se5  x1 & sudd5ly 8 m9d 0      
illum9at$4 ,! "w 0 gr&1 simple1  /rong2 
! ess5tial model+ 0 !re1 & ! details !y 
_h  exhort$ him to add w\ld only h      
dim9i%$ its unsurpassable unity4        

,rod9 _h made up 8 m9d4 ,he s5t 8       
,balzac to ! ,salon4    ,imm$iately !re 
0 w>4 ,! press1 work$ ^u by ! committee 
(  ! ,socit des ,g5s de ,lettres1 0     
unfavorable 9 advance4 ,on ! day  ( !   
op5+ ( ! ,salon ! ^w 0 pass$ ar\nd1 & ! 
(ficial  art _w s'esclaffe4 ,!re 0 a    
cr[d at ! foot ( ! l(ty  image1 ne> :i* 
,rod9 took up 8 position1 calm accord+  
to 8  wont1 & talk$ quietly ) 8 fri5ds4 
,"s1 a v few1 told him  h[ !y admir$ ?is
 "w s pr\dly (f]$1 s /range 9 its banal 
surr\nd+s4    ,! next day ! press broke 
=?4 ,:at an upro>6 ,ev]y?+ w5t (f  at   
once3 ! heavy artill]y ( ! great        
newspap]s scold$ solemnly1  ! light     
artill]y crackl$ 9 ! political %eets1 & 
! grape-%ot  ( ! m9or pap]s spat _!     
rage1 only too happy = s ri* a prey  to 
cut to pieces4 ,! ,in/itute1 z might h  
be5 =ese51 fann$ !  conflagration4 ,!   
public1 excit$1 9 turn broke loose1 9 ! 
fury (  ignorance /irr$ up aga9/ k4     
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,balzac4  
,x became a case1 an affair1 ! affaire  

de ,balzac4 ,! committee (  ! ,socit des
 ,g5s de ,lettres mobiliz$2 by a vote ( 
elev5 to f\r  x decl>$ t x did n        
recognize ! writ] 9 ! /atue ( ,m4       
,rod94 ,! presid5t ( ! same society1 !  
poet ,jean ,aic>d1 refus$  ! *ance (    
immortality :i* ?is /upidity 0 to conf] 
^u 8  colleagues & flung 8 resignation 9
 _! faces4 ,a gr\p ( memb]s  ( !        
municipal c\ncil ( ,p>is decre$ t x w\ld
 be ridicul\s  to accord ?is block a    
place 9 "o ( ! squ>es ( ! city4 ,=  two 
mon?s music-halls & caf-conc]ts v5t$ e  
ev5+ ! wit  ( ! gutt] on ! sc&al\s /atue
 & its sculptor2 p$dl]s sold  c>icatures
 ( x 9 pla/]1 ,balzac be+ repres5t$ z a 
heap ( sn[  or z a seal4 ,9 %ort1 su* 0 
! ev5t t x requir$ no?+  b ! p5 (       
,ari/ophanes to note d[n ! h>monies (   
?is *orus  ( frogs4 ,! heal? ( ,rod9    
suff]$ a reaction f 8 long ef=t  & f ?is
 battle4 ,!n1 too1 !re are h\rs :5 !    
/ronge/ are  seiz$ ) nausea be=e ! bad  
fai? & ! /upidity ( p4  ,n]v\s1 8 m9d   
a*+1 a prey to insomnia1 ! ma/] (f]$ a  

melan*oly spectacle1 t beautiful s]5ity 
( 8 de/roy$ & 8  work+ /r5g? put 9      
jeop>dy4    ,= all t1 says ,m4 ,lon     
,riotor1 :o tells ! /ory ) eloqu5ce1    
,rod9 _h a wond]ful awak5+4 ,all ! "y _w
 ( lett]s rose  up to decl>e its sympa?y
 ) ! vanqui%$ 9 ?is new skirmi%4 ,a     
numb] ( pa9t]s & sculptors jo9$ 94 ,& ! 
prote/ t 0  circulat$ came back cov]$ ) 
signatures4    ,no1 ,rod9 0 n vanqui%$4 
,he retir$ = a mom5t f ! mle  to recov] 
& to m$itate 9 peace1 b )\t deviat+ by a
 s+le  /ep f 8 l9e ( conduct4 ,a        
collector (f]$ to buy ! ,balzac4  ,a    
gr\p ( intellectuals />t$ a public      
subscription2 funds fl[$  94 ,al?\gh he 
0 n yet weal?y1 ,rod9 c\rte\sly decl9$  
^!  (f]s1 &1 decl>+ t an arti/1 l a     
woman1 has to gu>d 8  honor1 decid$ to  
)draw 8 monum5t f ! ,salon & n h x      
erect$ any:]e4    ,! epic /atue 0       
transport$ to ,meudon1 & plac$ 9 ! g>d5 
(  ! villa4 ,9 its l(t9ess x imposes    
itself aga9/ ! sky1 aga9/  ! hills1     
aga9/ ! trees t surr\nd x1 ) ! quality (

  nature h]self4 ,l a gigantic pole x   
triumphs 9 ! op5 air4 ,x  is specially  
on cle> nights t its di/urb+ au?ority   
/rikes  ! s\l4 ,! great phantom appe>s  
!n =midable 9 ! extreme  simplicity (   
its planes1 :i*1 z 9 /rong ar*itecture1 
di/ribute  ov] l>ge spaces ! masses (   
%ad[ & light4 ,! ,am]ican pa9t]  ,/ei*5 
has pass$ nights 9 ?is en*ant$ g>d5 9   
ord] to take  ( ! ,balzac photographs t 
are m beautiful ?an engrav+s4  ,haughty1
 ) a f]oci\s maje/y 9 ! moonlight1 !    
ma/] (  ! ,comdie ,huma9e br+s 8 s\l    
face to face ) nature2 he  li/5s to its 
sil5ce1 he s\nds its my/]ies1 he        
que/ions x 9  mute dialogue1 ! l ( :i*  
has n be5 he>d s9ce ! colloquy  (       
,hamlet ) ! %ade ( 8 fa!r4 ,= x is (    
,hamlet1 (  ! mo/ pr(\nd symbolization (
 ! human _s wre/l+ ) !  unkn[n1 t "o    
dreams be=e ?is m$itat+ ,balzac1 alone1 
"u !  nocturnal light4 ,?is is :at ,rod9
 has kn[n h[ to make out ( t  %ort1     
?ick-set man :o 0 ! au?or ( ! ,etudes   
,philosophiques2  ?is is h[ he has      

light$ ! fires ( ! intellig5ce on ! mask
 (  g5ius4    ,x is at ! ,muse ,rod9 t  
we %all r$iscov] ?is /atue4 ,"t  w h    
progress$1 & ideas also4 ,:5 !y see x   
anew1 h[ _m  p w be a/\nd$ at hav+ =m]ly
 sc(f$ at ! "w &  (f5d$ ! ma/]1 /ruck   
dumb & secretly humiliat$ at hav+ ?us   
contribut$ to ! writ+ ( ! hundr$ ?\s&?  
*apt] ( t  endless book1 ! book ( human 
/upidity4        ,,! ,,exposition ,,(   
#aijj--,,! ,,bas-,,reliefs ,,(          
,,evian--,,rod9 ,,& ,,! ,,w>    ,9      
#ahii1 ,rod9 exhibit$ a l>ge "p ( 8 "w  
at ,brussels & 9  ,holl&4 ,! effect     
produc$ ^u arti/s & ^u ! cultivat$      
portion ( ! public 0 su* t he resolv$ to
 repeat ?is  exp]im5t at ! ,univ]sal    
,exposition ( ,p>is4    ,x 0 =eorda9$ t 
no?+ %\ld be easy = ! great toil]1  t x 
w\ld be necess>y = him to conqu] ev]y?+ 
?r\gh ef=t  & /ruggle4    ,!            
adm9i/ration ( ! ,exposition1 :i* _h    
grant$ innum]able  reque/s = space      
address$ to x by ! indu/riali/s &       
bus9ess  m5 ( ! :ole _w1 by b>-keep]s1  

it9]ant boo?-hold]s1 &  manag]s (       
caf-conc]ts1 rais$ a ?\s& difficulties  
:5 x  0 a "q ( accord+ a few feet (     
gr\nd to ! greate/ (  liv+ sculptors4 ,x
 requir$ all ! insi/5ce ( 8 mo/ devot$  
& p[]ful fri5ds to ga9 8 po9t4 ,rod9    
f9ally receiv$ !  au?orization to       
con/ruct a pavilion n 9 ! ,exposition   
itself1 b  outside ! gr\nds 9 ! place de
 l',alma4    ,once aga91 s mu* ! bett]4 
,h[ mu* f9] = a man ( ! lite to  /&     
aside f ! r\t6    ,accord+ to ! ma/]'s  
plan1 !re 0 erect$ a hall simple 9      
appe>ance1 elegant1 res]v$ly 9 ! ,l\is  
,,xvi /yle1 a v]itable  repose = ! eye  
/ra9$ by ! /rid5t ar*itecture ( ! great 
fair ( #aijj4 ,!re 7 assembl$ ! p ( 8   
sculpture4    ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/udio 
,,at ,,meudon4    ,once m ,rod9 exp]i5c$
 an h\r ( trial1 a =midable h\r4 ,if  = 
! la/ doz5 ye>s he _h left pov]ty beh9d1
 he _h n yet  a*iev$ weal?1 & x 0 a     
great risk to assume ! exp5ses ( 8      
exhibition4 ,if ^! exp5ses 7 n cov]$ by 
! entrance-fees &  ! sale ( 8 sculpture1

 h[ w\ld he come out8 ,he w\ld be =c$   
to a k9d ( transaction t he _h always   
spurn$1 he w\ld h to  turn ov] all or "p
 ( 8 "w to ! art deal]s4 ,^! gr\ps1  ^! 
bu/s1 s pa9/ak+ly ca/1 or cut 9 ! mo/   
beautiful  m>ble by excell5t workm51 &  
(t5 by r5[n$ sculptors1 once !  deal]s  
_h acquir$ rights 9 !m1 w\ld !y n be    
duplicat$ 9 a  quantity ( replicas (    
m$iocre workman%ip or1 worse1 reproduc$ 
by  undiscrim9at+ /one-cutt]s1 :o w\ld  
disfigure ! model+ &  ! "*8 ,! idea 0   
odi\s to ! scrupul\s sculptor4 ,he _h   
rea*$ ! age ( sixty1 & if he did n %[ x1
 ?anks to ! vigor  ( 8 temp]am5t & !    
p]si/5t y\? t goes ) great m9ds1  x 0 n 
less pa9ful = him to put 8 appreh5sions 
to ! te/4  ,too dignifi$1 too pr\d1 to  
give way to va9 lam5tations1 he made    
only  ! mo/ res]v$ ref]5ces to 8 ordeal4
    ,! success ( ! exhibition rema9$    
unc]ta9 dur+ ! fir/  weeks3 _m p hop$ x 
w\ld be a failure4 ,at ! end ( a mon?   
or two1 visitors f abroad1 to :om ?anks 
be giv51 began to p\r  92 ! pr9cipal    

museums ( ,europe wi%$ to possess "s    
important  figure ( ,rod9's4 ,soon !    
numb] ( pur*as]s increas$ day by day1  &
 ,i d n h to m5tion "h h[ _m art-lov]s f
 ! ,unit$  ,/ates decid$ to enri* _!    
collections ) "s r>e piece sign$  by !  
ma/]4 ,9 %ort1 dur+ ! latt] mon?s ,rod9 
_h ! joy  ( p]ceiv+ t he c\ld rema9 !   
sole possessor ( 8 "w1  t no?+ c\ld n[  
sep>ate him f 8 de> family ( bronze &   
m>ble4 ,x 0 happ9ess = him2 x signaliz$ 
also ! great glory  t comes ) out/ret*$ 
w+1 br++ =tune ) x4    ,! pretty        
pavilion 9 ! place de l',alma 0         
transport$ & rerect$  9 ! g>d5 at       
,meudon1 & he fill$ x ) ma/]pieces4     
,s9ce !n  ! :ole _w ( art & lit]ature & 
t portion ( ! political  _w t e/eems art
 has pass$ ?r\gh x4 ,! ,fr5* ari/ocracy 
& t ( ,engl&1 ! mo/ em95t p]sonages ( ! 
two ,am]icas1  h be5 eag] to visit x4   
,"o receives 9 x an impression at once  
gr& & t\*+1 giv+ "o ! highe/ idea ( !   
supremacy  ( intellectual valor above ! 
o!r goods ( ?is _w :5 "o  p]ceives !    

contra/ ( ^! arti/ic treasures ) !      
altoge!r  mode/ little h\se1 almo/ b>e1 
att5d$ by a s+le s]vant1 :]e  ,rod9     
cont9ues1 9 ! mid/ ( ! luxury ( an epo* 
intoxicat$ )  pleasures1 to ma9ta9 !    
simplicity ( 8 life 9 ! sob] company  ( 
8 old s+le-spirit$1 fai?ful-he>t$ wife4 
,?is impression ,i  nev] felt m vividly 
?an on ! occasion ( ! visit ( ! late    
,k+ ( ,engl&4 ,edw>d ,,vii1 l o!rs1 _h  
conceiv$ ! desire to  r5d] ?is homage to
 ,fr5* art4 ,! day be=e1 :5 ,i enc\nt]$ 
!  ma/] 9 ,p>is1 he said to me1 )\t     
fur!r explanation1 ,come &  h a look at 
! /udio4    ,x 0 a beautiful aft]noon 9 
,may4 ,:5 ,i ent]$ ! pavilion1 ,i  c\ld 
n re/ra9 a cry ( admiration4 ,m>bles1   
no?+ b m>bles1  ( a dazzl+ :it5ess6 ,he 
_h br\ght toge!r all t he possess$1  all
 ^? t 8 fri5ds & ! pur*as]s ( 8 "w _h   
cons5t$  to l5d him = ! occasion1 & "o  
w\ld h said t x 0  ^! gr\ps ( "y1 enlac$
 bodies1 ^! bu/s ( wom51 )  _!          
transp>5t1 rosy fle%1 t gave =? ! light 
) :i*  ! ap>tm5t 0 fill$4 ,x 0 a unique 

vision1 a vision :i*1 9  its purity &   
its unity1 surpass$ 9 delicate spl5dor t
 ( !  mo/ celebrat$ collections1 ) all  
_! accumulation ( pictures1  tape/ries1 
bronze1 & jewels4 ,i wond]$ 9 sil5ce2 ,i
 wond]$  at ! sure ta/e ( ! arti/1 b ,i 
wond]$ also at 8 w3  ev]y?+ ( him 0 !re4
 ,:o c d5y t x 0 necess>y = him  to put 
pressure on himself to decide on su* a  
*oice1 to sacrifice  ! bronzes1 !       
sket*es1 ! t]ra cottas1 & _m *>m+       
pieces8  ,no?+ b m>ble1 ! k+dom ( m>ble1
 b also t ( life2 =  ! sumptu\s mat]ial 
trembl$ & palpitat$ "u ! play ( !  light
 t ent]$ ?r\gh ! bay-w9d[s ( ! ateli]1  
br++ )  x ! s(t brilliance ( ! season4  
,s9ce ! ,exposition ( #aijj1 ,rod9's    
reputation has increas$ /eadily  9      
,france & abroad4 ,engl& & ,italy h     
organiz$ triumphal  receptions = him ( a
 sort res]v$ hi!rto = ! mo/ illu/ri\s   
m5 ( /ate4 ,! arti/s ( ,london h        
acclaim$ him1 & h *>g$  him1 on ! dea? (
 ,:i/l]1 ) ! presid5cy ( ! ,int]national
  ,society ( ,pa9t]s1 ,sculptors1 &     

,engrav]s4 ,ox=d ,univ]sity has  giv5   
him a doctorate4 ,! municipality ( ,rome
 has greet$ him )  special homage at !  
capitol2 ! c\rt ( ,greece1 hav+ invit$  
him1 awaits 8 visit2 at ,prague1 :]e he 
0 receiv$ by ! ,society  ( ,"y ,cze*    
,arti/s1 !y accord$ him royal honors1 ! 
public  unh>ness+ ! horses f 8 c>riage &
 applaud+ at ! same  "t ! p]sonal g5ius 
( ?is great ,fr5*man & ! free ideas (  8
 c\ntry4    ,)\t alt]+ 9 any way 8 life 
( labor1 :i* ^! tributes h  at times    
slightly int]f]$ )1 he has p]mitt$      
himself only "o  luxury z ! result ( 8  
=tune--a collection ( antiques4 ,?is he 
has =m$ ) passion4 ,x is1 once m1 =     
purposes ( /udy1 &  :at a /udy1 to      
possess a few ( ^! sublime fragm5ts1 to 
feel !m  & h&le !m "u all aspects (     
light6 ,rod9 has plac$ a c]ta9  numb] ( 
!m 9 8 g>d51 arrang+ !m among ! trees1  
among !  %rubs2 he has plac$ !m on !    
fre% grass1 :]e !y seem to live  9 ano!r
 & a happi] way ?an 9 ! rooms ( museums4
 ,at a /roke  ! little g>d5 at ,meudon1 

) its p$e/als1 its /atues1 ) its  grove 
:]e a *>m+ little m>ble1 ! ,sleep+      
,cupid1 reposes1 has  become l ! villa (
 a ,roman citiz5 ( ! "t ( ,augu/us4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,! art ( ,rod9 has 9 a c]ta9 measure %[n
 ! effect ( ^!  happy ev5ts4 ,dur+ ^!   
latt] ye>s he has gr[n calm2 he displays
  a s]5ity ( _s & a self-possession t   
increases day by day4  ,b if ! /ruggle 9
 8 composition has be5 tranquiliz$1 8   
workman%ip has gr[n fre]4 ,! sculptor's 
ef=t conc5trates itself  n[ 9 ! se>* = a
 model+ ev] m ample & suppl]1 :i*  ) him
 con/itutes a new & decisive mann]4 ,x  
is to ?is t we  owe ^? exquisite m>bles1
 ,psy*e ,be>+ ! ,lamp1 ,b5$ictions1  ,! 
,"y ,girl & ! ,two ,g5ii1 ,romeo &      
,juliet1 ,! ,fall (  ,ic>us4 ,?is has   
be5 ! epo* also ( ! bu/s ( ,mrs4        
,simpson &  ! pr\d & h&some ,george     
,wyndham1 ! ,engli% /atesman4 ,x is  !  
epo*1 f9ally1 ( ! ,monum5t to ,presid5t 
,s>mi5to1 :i*  (f]s at ! same "t1 9     
happy opposition1 ! two mo/ rec5t &  mo/

 *>act]i/ic me?ods ( ,rod94 ,! bronze   
/atue ( ! great  ,arg5t9e /atesman has  
an aspect at once romantic & reali/ic t 
recalls t ( ,! ,burgh]s ( ,calais1 & !  
m>ble p$e/al t  supports x1 a vanqui%+  
,apollo em]g+ f ! cl\ds all lum9\s  )   
y\? & glory1 belongs to ! late/ p]iod4  
,( ?is monum5t1  ord]$ by ! city (      
,bu5os ,aires1 ,france does n possess a 
replica1  ?\gh ! model has be5 pres]v$4 
,! ,muse ,rod9 w soon conta9 a          
duplicate4    ,f #aija to #aijf !re 0 an
 un9t]rupt$ creation ( figures & (      
portraits1 among !m ! bu/s ( ,sir ,h[>d 
,wald51 ,b]!lot1 ,gu/ave  ,geffroy1     
,mme4 ,hunt]1 & ,b]n>d ,%aw4    ,"o mu/ 
add ! myriad draw+s t ,rod9 has nev]    
ceas$ to execute4  ,! w to su/a9 8 eye &
 8 h& in/ead ( p]mitt+ !m to  become    
weak5$ ) age has become a passion ) him4
 ,he draws z a  writ] ?9ks4 ,he ?9ks    
p5cil 9 h&2 8 draw+s are aphorisms4     
,l9e-sket*es1 /ump-draw+s1 wat]-colors 9
 /range t9ts multiply  !mselves l !     
leaves ( a tree & q con/itute alone a   

complete "w4 ,! ma/] has sold & giv5    
away quantities ( !m1  yet2 nev]!less1 !
 ,muse w conta9 m ?an ?ree ?\s&4 ,i  h  
be5 honor$ ) ! *>ge ( c\nt+ !m ov] &    
classify+  !m4 ,aft] days ( ?is "w "o   
has a s5sation ( dazzlem5t1 z ,i  h     
discov]$1 be=e ?is accumulation ( toil &
 beauty4    ,! mo/ preci\s ( ^! draw+s  
are ! mo/ rec5t4 ,! /udy (  light has   
be5 c>ri$ 9 ^! to ! supreme nuances4 ,m 
& m  ,rod9 dete/s :at is black1 :at is  
h>d1 :at is dry4 ,he adores1 on  ! o!r  
h&1 t :i* is supple1 envelop$1 dr[n$ 9 !
 light  mi/ ( ! atmosph]e4 ,he conceives
 ev]y?+ ?r\gh an almo/  imp]ceptible    
veil :i* s(t5s ! cont\rs1 & :i* he      
disc]ns  ) an eye t gr[s e day m        
s5sitive4 ,8 sculpture has  foll[$ !    
same pa?4 ,9 ! great] "p ( 8 m>bles he  
has  pursu$ ! effects ( mass & ( !      
ensemble 9 :at conc]ns !  volumes & !   
effects ( gradation1 ! /udy ( !         
dim9utions (  light 9 :at conc]ns !     
color+4 ,! color t obta9s uniquely 9  ! 
art ( %ad[ & light is ! *>m ( beautiful 

sculpture4 ,rod9  ?us captures !        
v>iations ) a compet5ce t ravi%es our   
eyes1  accu/om$ to ! dryness ( limits t 
are too di/9ct4 ,x is 9 !  reliefs      
entitl$ ,! ,seasons t ,rod9 has atta9$ !
 apogee (  ?is sci5ce ( lum9\s model+4  
,^! works1 execut$ = ,la ,sap9ire1 !    
e/ate ( ,b>on ,vitta at  ,evian1        
comprise ?ree high-reliefs fa%ion$ on a 
gate & two f\nta9  bas9s1 or monum5tal  
g>d5 urns4 ,!y are cut 9 ! /one ( !     
,e/aillade1 a :ite /one ! ri*ness ( gra9
 & delicate gold5 tone  ( :i* make x    
unsurpassable = ! int]pretation ( !     
human body4  ,!y 7 exhibit$ = a %ort "t 
9 ,febru>y1 #aije1 at ! ,muse du        
,luxemb\rg1 on ! initiative ( ,m4 ,lon  
,bndite1 ! v accompli%$  curator &      
critic ( art1 :o arrang$ !m ) p]fect    
ta/e4 ,b f>  f be+ embrac$ & v9dicat$1 z
 he w\ld be n[ by ! pres5t  adm9i/ration
 ( f9e arts1 ,rod9 0 /ill reg>d$ z a    
revolutioni/  ^: example c\ld nei!r be  
foll[$ nor tru/$4    ,?is 0 made q pla9 
to ! audaci\s curator :o decid$ q by    

himself to exhibit ! late/ works ( !    
ma/] be=e _! dep>ture  = ,evian4 ,aft]  
?is c\p d'tat he 0 = sev]al ye>s !      
victim  ( attacks f academic circles1 & 
und]w5t1 on ! "p ( !  ,gov]nm5t1 a sort 
( disgrace4 ,s9ce !n he has be5         
brilliantly  comp5sat$1 & to-day he has 
be5 plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! in/allation  ( !   
,muse ,rod9 at ! ,htel ,biron1 a great  
"w 9 :i* ,i h !  happ9ess to be 8       
collaborator4    ,! decorative designs (
 ! villa ( ,evian adorn ! ve/ibule ( !  
home ( ,b>on ,vitta4 ,_! subject1 says  
,m4 ,bndite1 9 an excell5t  notice :i*  
s]v$ z a catalogue = ! ,exhibition (    
#aije1 if  "o wi%es to speak ( ! motive 
t s]ves z _! pretext1 is  ! mo/ banal 9 
! _w4 ,"o w\ld f9d x difficult to c\nt !
  numb] ( times t x has s]v$ arti/s s9ce
 antiquity4 ,s true x  is t ! commone/1 
! mo/ g5]al1 ! mo/ seem+ly worn-out     
!mes are ^? 9 :i* ! great arti/s f9d    
!mselves ! mo/ at  home4 ,)\t difficulty
 !y r5ew !m1 & /amp !m un=gettably  ) _!
 own peculi> m>k4 ,rod9 has calmly      

return$ to ! f\r  seasons1 confid5t t !y
 w\ld be> )\t ef=t ! impress (  8       
p]sonality & 8 "t & t !y w\ld suffice to
 express 8  :ole conception ( beauty & (
 life4    ,rod9 has figur$ ,! ,seasons  
"u ! aspect ( f\r sleep+  wom54 ,_!     
beautiful =ms model !mselves 9 !        
w>m-t9t$ /one1  :i* itself seems animat$
 ) ! reflections ( ! liv+ fle%4  ,_!    
my/]i\s sleep evokes ! successive phases
 ( ! ye>4 ,n[  x m>ks ! quietude ( !    
e>?1 full ( ! joy ( yield+ up h]  fl[]s 
& h] fruits "u ! c>esses ( ! sun1 n[ x  
is dea?  reveal+ itself ?r\gh a nature  
torm5t$ ) ! heavy travail (  g5]ation4  
,9 ! ,spr+ x is a "y body t lies        
voluptu\sly  "u a rose-bu% ! fragrant   
petals ( :i* are m+l$ ) h] own  fle%1   
envelop+ h] 9 ! dream ( _! p]fume4 ,9 ! 
,autumn1  ! sleep] cr\*es close to !    
gr\nd "u ! fruits & !  v9e-leaves1      
oppress$ by ! intoxicat+ aroma4 ,! ,w9t]
 presses  h] *ill$ limbs closely aga9/ !
 cavities ( ! d5ud$ e>?1  :ile above h] 
! roots ( ! trees enlace !mselves       

intricately1  l sacr$ s]p5ts *>g$ )     
protect+ h] slumb]4 ,! ,summ]  is a     
sie/a ^u ! bosom ( a ,nature en fte1    
lull$ by ! gold5  s\nds ( h>ve/ balanc$ 
on ! breeze & ! murmur ( a spr+ t  p\rs 
=? fre%ness & quietude4    ,b 9 :at1 y  
ask1 resides ! orig9ality ( ^!          
decorative  commonplaces1 _! brilliant1 
unque/ionable orig9ality8 ,9 !          
delib]ate simplicity1 9 ! _s ( sobriety 
t has presid$ ov]  _! composition1 &1   
above all1 9 _! execution4 ,x is ?r\gh  
_! execution t ! sculptures ( ,evian    
occupy a place ap>t 9  ! "w ( ,rod94    
,s9ce ! beautiful ,greek epo*1 /one has 
p]haps  nev] assum$ su* a liv+ sweetness
 "u any human h&4 ,"o might  believe t x
 _h n be5 t\*$ by ! /eel ( ! *isel1 b   
c>ess$ by a t\* z delicate z x is firm1 
mold$ l wax "u  ! w>m? ( t h&4 ,^! mell[
 figures d n deta* !mselves  f ! liv+   
framework 9 :i* !y are set2 !y /& out1  
?anks to an ins5sible transition :i*    
leaves !m envelop$1 9 !  reflections ( !
 fair mat]ial2 !y mass !mselves "u a    

sift$  light1 among ! fl[]s & ! clu/]s (
 grapes4 ,) all ?is !re  is no          
insipidity4 ,"u ! sk9 "o feels !        
pl5itude ( bodies ri*  ) heal?1 h>moni\s
 organisms3 x is a =ce t has f\nd its   
equilibrium1 a =ce relax+ 9 sweetness4  
,/rangely en\gh1 :5 "o  seeks =         
antec$5ts to :i* x is possible to relate
 ! reliefs (  ,evian1 x is n 9 ! doma9 (
 sculpture1 b 9 t ( pa9t+1  t "o f9ds ! 
t]ms ( comp>ison4 ,! int5se p[]1        
c>efully  measur$ z x is1 ( ?is vibrant 
model+ & ?is color dr5*$ 9  sunlight we 
f9d aga9 among ! t5d]e/ creations (     
,correggio1 (  ,rub5s1 &1 clos] to      
ourselves1 ( ,r5oir4    ,! two j>d9ires 
:i* complete ?is unique s]ies repres5t  
gr\ps  ( *ildr5 mad ) joy & ) lib]ty2 9 
! "o case play+ &  jo/l+ "o ano!r 9 a   
field ( :eat1 9 ! mid/ ( ! mov+  sea (  
spe>s1 & 9 ! o!r1 spread out on ! gre5  
summ] grass1  raptur\sly hold+ up 9 _!  
little arms1 already robu/1 ! grapes    
heavy ) w9e4 ,!y are exquisite fantasies
 ( movem5t1 ( grace1 (  mad life j      

beg9n+4 ,"h1 too1 ! fle% ( ^! little    
laugh+  gods1 melt+ 9 ! mass ( ripe corn
 & tott]+ v9es1 seems ba!d  9 ! cle>ness
 ( a beautiful day1 full ( air & (      
light4    ,^! five works ( ! old age ( !
 ma/] might be entitl$ !  ,poem ( ,y\?4 
,x is ! privilege ( g5ius to return1 9  
its  decl9e1 to its po9t ( dep>ture1 to 
rem\nt to ! s\rces ( life1  :i* rema9   
ev] ! mo/ intoxicat+4 ,! s5sations (    
infancy &  adolesc5ce solicit him ) all 
_! un=gettable s$uctiv5ess1 &  he       
surr5d]s himself lov+ly to ! sweetness (
 ?is lo/ dream2 b  x has co/ him 8      
entire1 exi/5ce to acquire ! gift (     
translat+  x4    ,?is se>* = !          
envelopm5t ( =ms fruitful ( new effects 
is !  decisive po9t 9 ! c>e] ( ,rod92 x 
is ! supreme ?\ght1 !  end & aim ( sixty
 ye>s ( toil & reflection4 ,!re=e x is a
  v happy ?+ = ,fr5* sculpture t ,rod9  
has be5 able to live  long en\gh to     
realize completely ?is def9itive        
conception ( 8  art4 ,= f ! summit      
atta9$ by him o!r arti/s c spr+ =?      

afre%1 to r5ew once m p]haps !          
manife/ations ( ! national  g5ius4 ,!   
res\rces indicat$ by ,rod9 h h>dly be5  
us$ hi!rto2  to br+ !m fully into       
employm5t mean:ile !re w p]haps be born 
a new s*ool ( sculpture4                
,illu/ration3 ,,bu/ ,,( ,,b]n>d ,,%aw4  
,:at con/itutes ! orig9ality ( a great  
arti/ is t x is nev]  isolat$4 ,x       
belongs at once to ! pa/1 to ! pres5t1 &
 to  ! future2 x is altoge!r a d]ivative
 & a root4 ,x spr+s f  ! pa/ ?r\gh      
atavism1 ?r\gh /udy1 & ?r\gh admiration 
=  ! ma/]s2 x is ( ! pres5t ?r\gh       
contact ) ^? ( !  arti/'s contempor>ies 
:o m>* at ! same "t ) him along !  road 
( discov]y2 f9ally1 x influ5ces ! future
 by bequea?+ to  ! g5]ations t foll[ a  
new conception & new me?ods4 ,to-day  we
 see cle>ly ! s\rces f :i* h come !     
ultimate aspect (  ! tal5t ( ,rod94 ,!y 
are ! art ( ,greece2 !y are also c]ta9  
m>vels ( ,go?ic art 9 :i* miracul\sly   
reblossom$ ! ,hell5ic  suppl5ess &      
sweetness1 z if ! spr+s ( ! ,greek g5ius

 _h  my/]i\sly c\rs$ "u ! e>? f ,a!ns to
 ,france1 bur/+  =? at la/ 9 ! walls (  
our ca!drals2 !n !re are ^?  unf9i%$    
m>bles ( ,mi*elangelo f :i* ,rod9 d]iv$ 
! idea (  vapor & fl[ 9 sculpture4 ,b   
o!r arti/s h arriv$1 at ab\t  ! same "t1
 at ! same end1 or almo/ ! same end1 by 
diff]5t  pa?s4 ,among ^! are two ( our  
great pa9t]s1 fri5ds & comrades  (      
,rod91 ,r5oir & ,c>rire4 ,does n ?is    
community ( ?\ght  prove h[ pr(\nd is ! 
vitality our c\ntry cont9ues to possess 
9  ! doma9 ( art8 ,we are less /ruck by 
?is ph5om5on ?an :5 we  v]ify its       
effects 9 ! pa/1 :5 we see !m relat$ &  
summ$ up  9 ! hi/ory ( art2 because we  
are n 9 a position to dis5gage  x f our 
pres5t life1 :i* is encumb]$ &          
complicat$1 & to  draw a conclusion f x4
 ,& !n1 too1 ! pres5t political rgime   
does little to signalize ! great arti/s1
 to mu/] !m be=e !  untutor$ admiration 
( ! multitude1 to give value to !       
intellectual  weal? ( ! c\ntry4 ,z a    
rule1 :5 a man ( g5ius receives !       

homage he des]ves1 x is :5 he is ne> 8  
end1 if x is n aft]  8 dea?4 ,:at public
 fe/ivals h be5 giv5 9 ,france 9 ?is    
c5tury to honor ! glories ( our arti/ic 
& sci5tific life1  ,victor ,hugo        
except$8 ,:5 & h[ h we celebrat$ m5 l   
,puvis de  ,*avannes1 ,rod91 ,r5oir1    
,c>rire1 ,claude ,monet1 ,besn>d1       
,odilon ,r$on1  & ,b>?olom1 to m5tion   
only ma/]s ( ! *isel & ! bru%8          
,occasionally !y h be5 gratifi$ by !    
bor$om ( an (ficial  banquet1 :]e !y h  
be5 assign$ a rank consid]ably l[] ?an  
t ( ! lea/ important politician1 & !y   
are expect$ to be  ?ankful :5 !y h _h   
be/[$ ^u !m a few p>*m5ts & "s  bits (  
ribbon4 ,=tunately1 _! joys are 9 ano!r 
sph]e1 :i!r  no "o :o is n _! equal c   
foll[ !m4    ,9 _! ard5t ef=t t[>d a    
simil> end1 !n1 x is necess>y to        
associate ,rod91 ,r5oir1 & ,c>rire4 ,all
 ?ree1 = t matt]1 h  mutually admir$ &  
ev5 influ5c$ "o ano!r4 ,:e!r 9 ! c\rse  
( _! "w or 9 _! conv]sations1 "o _c d5y 
t !  attempt ( ! ,impressioni/ ,s*ool1  

:i* consi/s precisely 9 n  sep>at+ ! be+
 or ! object f its atmosph]e1 9 prolong+
  its life 9 ! life ( t :i* envelopes x1
 really succe$s only  9 ! "w ( ^! ma/]s4
 ,!y h1 if n recreat$1 at lea/  broad5$ 
! law ( ! di/ribution ( %ad[ & ( light 9
 _!  intricate fusion4 ,c]ta9ly o!rs _h 
already manife/$ & realiz$  simil> ways 
( see+ ?+s1 accord+ to _! v>i\s         
temp]am5ts1  su* m5 z ,fant9-,lat\r &   
,h5n] 9 ! /udy ( ! human figure  &      
,claude ,monet 9 l&scape4 ,b1 except =  
,monet1 no "o affirms  !m ) ! au?ority (
 a ,rod91 a ,c>rire1 a ,r5oir4 ,if      
,c>rire1  too e>ly int]rupt$ by a cruel 
dea?1 is a tragic1 a somb] g5ius1  a    
g5ius ( ! ,go?ic l9e1 :i* 9 him does n  
exclude great  sweetness1 ,r5oir &      
,rod91 9 _! maturity1 are happy g5iuses1
  ma/]s ( "y beauty & ( a s]5ity :i* art
 has sc>cely kn[n  s9ce anci5t ,greece4 
,a l s5tim5t ( s]5ity1 a l aspiration  =
 h>moni\s unity1 !re=e a clos] contact )
 nature1 br+ !m  toge!r4    ,?is s]5ity1
 ?is aspiration = unity1 ,rod9 & ,r5oir 

h s\ght  dur+ _! :ole life1 & x is 9 !  
radiant works ( _! old age  t x         
triumphs4 ,! g5ius ( =m & its union ) ! 
univ]sal  has be5 ! ma/] ?\ght1 ! pla/ic
 ideal1 :i* _! frat]nal  m9ds h realiz$ 
simultane\sly by diff]5t me?ods4    ,)  
,rod9 a /yle beg9s1 said ,octave        
,mirbeau tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,!  phrase     
/irr$ up a tempe/4 ,all ! "t t has pass$
 s9ce !n has  be5 requir$ to make p     
admit its tru?4 ,! great writ] might  h 
said ) m exactitude1 b ) less =ce1 ,)   
,rod9 /yle  itself has begun anew4    ,w
 x cont9ue8 ,x has nev] entirely ceas$  
to exi/1 ev5 if x has  no long] ! =ce ( 
expansion ) :i*1 f ,france & ?r\gh  h]1 
x spread ?r\gh all ,europe4 ,w x beg9   
aga9 ) its vigor z  ( old8 ,! "q t\*es  
^? problems rais$ by ! ev5ts t  are     
to-day ov]turn+ ! _w & also ! pr(\nd    
modifications  :i* ! w> w br+4    ,!    
ma/] gives u 8 op9ion on ?is matt] 9 a  
few words1  circumspect & measur$1 z he 
himself always is4 ,h[ c\ld he be       
o!rwise be=e ! =midable unkn[n t /ill   

hides f u !  next turn ( de/9y8 ,x is   
fitt+1 !n1 to leave him ! la/ ^w on  ?is
 subject4 ,=tunately 8 ^w has ! w>m r+ (
 hope4    ,illu/ration3 ,a ,f,,te ,,giv5
 ,,9 ,,honor ,,( ,,rod9 ,,by ,,"s ,,(   
,,8 ,,fri5ds4    ,?is hope he draws 9 a 
measure f himself1 f 8 own /r5g?1  :i*  
is1 he feels1 a di/9ct outgr[? ( !      
national /r5g?1 (  ! unconqu]able s\l ( 
our ance/ors2 he draws x also f !       
consci\sness ( a task accompli%$ 9 !    
face ( ! h>d bl[s  ( life2 & f9ally f ! 
promise ( ! arti/ic y\? ( !  c\ntry1 ( t
 :i* belongs to 8 s*ool4 ,= if ) two or 
?ree  exceptions he has n directly =m$  
pupils1 8 arti/ic pr9ciples1  8 fai? 9 !
 virtue ( "* & labor1 support$ by !     
example  ( an unequal$ body ( "w1 h giv5
 him innum]able disciples4 ,!  lesson   
:i* he (f]s u & :i* w soon be (f]$ to   
all at !  museum 9 ! ,htel ,biron1 w    
endure = c5turies4 ,he says himself     
ju/ly1 ) pride & mode/y1 t ?is museum w 
=m a true home  ( education4            
99       99       99       99       99  

,a few words m ab\t ?is life :i* 9 !    
fecundity ( its  unexpect$ incid5ts     
rema9s = ! att5tive witness pr(\ndly    
significant to ! v end4    ,at ! mom5t  
:5 ! w> ( #aiad broke out1 ! ma/] 0 9 8 
villa at ,meudon4 ,:5 ! ,g]man armies   
approa*$ ,p>is1 he ?\ght  ( leav+ 8     
home4 ,he _h excit$ great admiration 9 !
 l&  ( ,s*ill] & ,goe!1 he _h be5 urg$  
to take "p 9 num]\s  expositions !re2 b 
he _h q special reasons = kn[+ t  8 "w1 
7 x to fall into _! h&s1 w\ld n be sp>$ 
by !  soldi]s f beyond ! ,rh9e4         
,ov]:elm$ by ! t]rify+ surprise  ( !    
invasion1 he did n "k :]e to g4    ,z he
 _h _m fri5ds 9 ,engl&1 ,i (f]$ to guide
 him !re4 ,he  !re=e cross$ ! *annel1   
accompani$ by 8 wife1 ! companion  ( 8  
good & evil days4 ,x 0 )\t a ^w (       
bitt]ness t he  set out1 )\t express+ a 
regret = all t he 0 leav+ beh9d  him4   
,be=e ! imm5sity ( ! national mis=tune  
he seem$ to h  completely =gott5 ! m5ace
 t hung ov] ! "w ( 8 :ole  life4 ,9 !   
tra9 t c>ri$ u by night to "o ( ! ,fr5* 

ports1  he said 9 8 cle> & always       
tranquil voice3 ,yes1 ,i am leav+  mu*  
beh9d me4 ,x is ! "w ( an entire life t 
w disappe>1  p]haps4 ,t 0 all4 ,?is     
attitude ( an old exil$ k+ inspir$ a    
respect free f all compassion4    ,!    
fate ( 8 collection ( antiques caus$ him
 m disquietude4    ,if !y take !m1 t is 
no?+2 !y w /ill exi/4 ,b if !y  break   
!m6 ,!y w h de/roy$ :at is              
irreplaceable4    ,he did n wi% to rema9
 9 ,london4 ,too _m relation%ips w\ld  h
 h9d]$ him f collect+ himself & f       
pres]v+ t  dignity ( solitude1 t res]ve 
( a refugee :i* 0 prop] to 8  situation4
 ,he pref]r$ to accompany u to a small  
c\ntry t[n1 :]e  = six weeks he liv$ a  
mode/ life1 v retir$1 int]e/$ only1 b   
passionately int]e/$1 9 ! read+ (       
,engli% newspap]s1 :i* we  translat$ =  
him4    ,:5 we appris$ him ( ! burn+ (  
,rheims ,ca!dral1 he repli$  ) a laugh (
 incr$ulity4 ,= two days he refus$ to   
believe x4 ,x  seem$ to him an inv5tion 
( ! press design$ to /ir ! public &     

increase recruit+4 ,at la/1 conv9c$1 he 
said1 ) inexpressible  sadness3 ,!      
biblical times h come back aga91 ! great
 invasions  ( ! ,m$es & ! ,p]sians4 ,has
 ! _w1 !n1 rea*$ ! po9t  :]e x des]ves  
to be puni%$ = ! egoti/ical epicureanism
 9  :i* x has slumb]$8 ,aft] ?is he     
became absorb$ 9 8 own  ?\ghts4    ,!   
,battle ( ! ,m>ne1 9 sav+ ,france & !   
_w1 sav$ also t  little temple ( art1 ! 
museum at ,meudon4 ,rod91 on 8 return f 
,engl&1 f\nd x intact4    ,he took up 8 
"w aga91 )\t a pause1 ) t unalt]able    
pati5ce ( 8--t pati5ce ( ! peasant t    
turns him back to 8  field ! mom5t !    
enemy has pass$4 ,he awaits !re sadly ! 
dawn (  peace4           99       99    
99       99       99    ,dur+ ! la/     
mon?s ( ! ye> #aiaf ! "q ( ! ,muse      
,rod91  broa*$ five ye>s ago1 became    
aga9 a liv+ "o2 x 0 br\ght  be=e !      
assembly4 ,c]ta9 ( ! ma/]'s adv]s>ies :o
 h n  be5 calm$ ev5 by ! ev5ts ( !      
pres5t affect$ a righte\s  indignation t
 ! discussion ( ?is "q ( art %\ld at    

?is mom5t h any place 9 ! ord] ( ! day1 
& !y tri$ to  make p believe t x 0 he :o
 _h *os5 ?is tragic h\r =  debates ( ?is
 k9d4 ,let u repeat t five ye>s ago     
,rod9 (f]$  ?is gift to 8 c\ntry1 & t ! 
delay 9 settl+ ! matt] is  imputable    
solely to ! procra/9ation ( public      
affairs4    ,on ! day ,i write ^! l9es !
 creation ( ! ,muse ,rod9 has be5       
det]m9$ ^u4 ,! two *amb]s h vot$ by a   
majority t proves  t ev]y?+ ,france     
conta9s 9 ! way ( cultivat$ intellig5ce 
desires to assure a home wor?y ( itself 
= ! works ( its greate/  sculptor4    ,b
 be=e we h arriv$ !re :at o!r mi%aps may
 n befall6 ,x  is too soon to write !   
hi/ory ( ! ,muse ,rod94 ,its adv5ture is
  n less s+ul> ?an all ! o!rs t h m>k$  
?is long c>e]1  c]ta9 ( :i* h be5 summ$ 
up 9 ^! pages4 ,! m =ceful  !           
p]sonality1 ! m x is 9 contradiction ) !
 passions (  ! vulg>1 ! m are ! incid5ts
 t spr+ up 9 ! contact (  ^! two        
opposite elem5ts4 ,x w\ld require a :ole
 volume to rec\nt  ^? t h punctuat$ !   

life ( ,rod9 dur+ ^! lat] ye>s4         
,despite ! bitt]ness ( ! combat1 ! ma/] 
has _h no?+ to  compla9 ( & does n      
compla94 ,! outcome ( 8 life-/ory is mo/
  beautiful1 & if ?is beauty already    
/rikes u1 x is 9 ! ye>s  to come t x w  
atta9 its full glory4 ,= if ! ge/ure )  
:i* ,rod9 (f]s to ,france 8 "w & 8 de>e/
 possessions is  t ( ^? :o c\nt 9 !     
annals ( _! c\ntry1 no "o p]haps  has   
ev] receiv$ su* a homage z t :i* !      
c\ntry has be/[$  ^u him 9 ! mann] (    
accept+ 8 gift4 ,9 ! mid/ ( w>1 9  ! v  
h\r :5 ! c\ntry is suff]+ unhe>d (      
evils1 x has  self-possession en\gh 9 ! 
firmness ( its indomitable s\l to honor 
9 a magnific5t way ! "w ( "o ( its      
sons--a "w accompli%$ 9  "t ( peace4    
,turn+ its att5tion = an in/ant f !     
necessities  ( w>1 f ! front :]e x      
/ruggles1 suff]s1 & dies1 x rema9s  calm
 en\gh1 suffici5tly sure ( itself1 to   
(f] to "o ( its h]oes  ( toil1 & ( !    
?\ght :i* its soldi]s def5d1 a te/imony 
(  its gratitude & admiration4    ,,!   

,,end